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ANTIQUITIES 


I    N 


LINCOLNSHIRE; 


BEING 


THE     THIRD     VOLUME 


OF     THE 


BIBLIOTHECA  TOPOGRAPHICA  BRITANNICA, 


LONDON: 

PRINTED    BYAND    FOR    J.    NICHOLS. 

M  DCC  XC, 


(cOO 

C  111  J 


GENERAL   CONTENTS 

OF     THE 

THIRD     VOLUME. 


I.  Account  of  the  Gentlemen's  Society  at  Spalding^ 

II.  Reliqui/e  Galean^e;   Three  Parts ;  VII  Plates. 

III.  riiftory  and  Antiquities  of  Croyland  Abbey  ;.  VIII  Plates^ 

two  of  them  on  the  Lettcr-prefs. 

IV.  Appendix  to  the  Hiftory  of   Croyland  Abbey  ;    III  Plates,^ 

one  of  Avhich  is  on  the  Letter-prefs. 


824  rms 


BIBLIOTHECA 

TOPOGRAPHICA 

BRITANNIC      A. 

N°    XX. 

G  O  N   T  A  I   N  I  N  G 

AN  A     C     C      O      U      N     T 

OF      T  H  E 

GENTLEMEN'S      S  O  C  I  E  T  Y 


A     T 


SPALDING: 


BEING      AN     INTRODUCTION      TO     THE 


R   E   L   I  Q  U    I   iE        G  A  L   E   A   N   iE. 


[I'rice  Five  Sbilljags.] 


AMOXG  the  various  Labours  of  Literary  Men,  there  liave  always 
been  certahi  Fragments  whole  Size  could  not  lecure  them  a  general 
Kxemptioa  from  the  Wreck  of  Time,  which  their  intrlnfic  Merit  entitled 
them  to  lurvivc  ;  but,  having  been  gathered  up  by  the  Curious,  or  thrown 
into  Milcellaneous  CoUeftions  by  Bookfellers,  they  have  been  recalled  into 
Exiilence,  and  by  ^uniting  together  iiave  defended  themfelves  from  Oblivion, 
Original  Pieces  have  been  called  in  to  their  Aid,  and  formed  a  Phalanx  that 
n)ight  withftand  every  Attack  from  the  Critic  to  the  Cheefemonger,  and 
contributed  to  the  Ornament  as  well  as  Value  of  Libraries. 

With  a  fimllar  view  it  is  here  intended  to  prefent  the  Publick  with  Tome 
valuable  Articles  of  British  Topography,  from  printed  Books  and  MSS. 
One  Part  of  this  Colleftlon  will  confift  of  Re-publications  of  fcarce  and  va- 
rious Traels ;  another  of  fuch  MS.  Papers  as  the  Editors  are  already 
pofleflcd  of,  or  may  receive  from  their  Friends. 

It  is  therefore  propofed  to  publiih  a  Number  occafionally,  not  confined 
to  the  fame  Price  or  Quantity  of  Sheets,  nor  ulways  adorned  with  Cuts; 
but  paged  in  fuch  a  Mannft-,  that  the  general  Articles,  or  thofe  belonging 
to  the  refpefftive  Counties,  may  form  a  feparate  Succeflion,  if  there  fhould 
be  enough  publllhed,  to  bind  in  fuitable  Claifes ;  and  each  Trad  will  be 
completed  in  a  fmgle  Number. 

Into  this  Collection  all  Communications  confident  with  the  Plan  will 
be  received  with  Thanks.  And  as  no  Correfpondent  will  be  denied  the 
Privilege  of  controverting  the  Opinions  of  another,  lb  none  will  be  denied 
Admittance  without  a  fair  and  impartial  Reafon. 


DIRECTIONS      TO      THE      BINDER. 

\.- 

Tills  Number  contains  the  following  fignatures ;  Title,  a,  b,  c,  p.  i — xxiv ;  aa— H, 
p.  i — Ixi ;  15 — (^  p.  I  —  ir6.  All  thefe,  when  the  work  comes  to  be  bound,  arc 
to  be  jihccd  immediately  after  the  General  Title  of  the  "  Reliqui^E  Galeana?,"  in 
I^"  II.   I'artl. 

'i'hc  prcfcnt  Number  contains  alfo  fix  additional  flieetsto  the  Firfl  Tart  of  N°  IL 
marked  *H — *  M,  p.  ^49 — 96  ;  which,  for  the  prefent,  may  be  placed  after  fhcet 
Q^  but,  in  binding,  mult  Hand  immediately  after  p.  48  of  the"  Heliquix  Galeana\" 


A    N 


O        U         N 


OF     THE 


GENTLEMEN'S      SOCIETY 


A    T 


SPALDING. 

BEING     AN     INTRODUCTION     TO     THE 
RELIQUIjE        GALEAN^. 


LONDON, 

PRINTED    BY    AND     FOR     J.     NICHOLS, 

PRINTER    TO    THE    SOCIETY     OF    A  N  T  1  Q.U  A  R  I  E  S ; 

AND  SOLD  BY  ALL  THE  BOOKSELLERS  IN  GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  1REL.\ND. 

MDCCLXXXIV. 


■1  ■  ^ ; 


I    a    J    A    ^i     ' 


I 


ADVERTISEMENT. 

THE  progrefs  of  literature  is  one  of  the  interefling  parts  of 
hiftory.  Its  connexion  with  the  civiUzation  of  mankind  and  the 
cultivation  of  the  human  mind  recommends  it  to  every  philolb- 
phic  inquirer  in  a  general  point  of  view :  but  confidered  in  a 
national  view,  our  curiofity '  is  prompted  to  inquire  into  every 
vellige  of  it  in  our  own  country,  and  to  record  our  obligations  to 
every  individual  or  body  of  men  who  have  contributed  to  extend 
and  enlarge  it. 

The  firft  public  eftablifliment  of  this  kind  in  this  kingdom 
after  the  Univerfities  was  the  Royal  Society,  "  not  by  favour  of 
*'  the  many,  but  by  the  wifdom  and  energy  of  a  few  •■■,"  begun 
at  Oxford  in  the  chambers  of  a  few  virtuofi  in  the  middle  of  the 
lall  century.  It  foon  emerged  into  light  under  royal  patronage, 
and  by  uninterruptedly  diffuling  knowledge  in  its  regular  publi- 
cations, it  has  maintained  a  reputation  proof  againft  the  ridicule 
or  reftlelTnefs  of  a  few  difcontented  individuals. 

The  Society  of  Antiquaries,  confidered  as  a  private  meeting  of 
a.  few  learned  men,  is  of  prior  eftablifliment.  But  the  times  were 
not  fufficiently  favourable  to  it  to  keep  it  alive  from  the  1 6th  to  the 
beginning  of  the  prefent  century,  when  it  was  revived  with  the 
higheft  luftre  by  many  of  the  greateft  names  in  that  walk  of  lite- 
rature, and,  under  royal  protection,  it  has  maintained  fome  de- 
gree of  eminence. 

While  thefe  two  learned  focieties  flouriflied  in  the  capital, 
others  were  fet  on  foot  in  different  parts  of  the  kingdom,  not 
fubordinate  to  the  others,  but  correfponding  with  them.  Among 
thefe  the  Ge>jtlemen's  Society  at  Spalding  took  the  lead.     It 

*  Memoirs  of  Thomas  Hollis,    p.  2a 

a   2  mav 


VI 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


may  even  boaft  a  principal  iliare  in  the  revival  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  of  London  ;  and  it  outlived  the  lefler  Societies  wliich 
■furrounded  it,  and  may  be  faid  to  have  merged  in  it; 

A  regular  communication  of  minutes  took  place  between  this 
Society  and  that  of  the  Antiquaries,  particularly  rwhil'e  Dr. 
Stukeley  was  fecretary  to  the  latter.  But  with  fuch  care  and.exad-' 
nels  were  their  minutes  kept  by  fome  fucceeding  iecretaries,  that; 
Scarce  a  trace  of  thefe  communications  .remain  on  their  books, 
while  the  Spalding  minute-books,  kept  hy  their  indefatigable 
founder,  have  preferved  a  variety  of  curious  matter  ft^om  the 
wreck  of  time. 

Dr.  Mortimer's  vanity  i>i-ompted  him  to  write  the  Hiftory  af . 
the  Literary  Societies  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  to  have  been 
prefixed  to  a  volume  of  the  Philofophical  Tranfa6tions.      Ample  . 
memoirs  of  this  Society  were  tranfraitted  to  him ;  but  his  indo- 
lence got  the  better  of  his  vanity,  ai^  thefe  memoirs,  with  what-*  • 
«ver  others  he  obtained  or  compiled,  are  not  now  to  be  recovered.;;:! 
The  pleaikig  tafk  of  doing  juftice  to  tlie  Literary  Society  at. 
Spalding  has  therefore,  by  a  train  of  accidents,  fallen  into,  other, 
hand^.      How  it  Iras  been  executed  muli  be  fuhmitted  to  the- 
judgement  of  the  Impartial  public.      No  want  of  materials  can  be 
complained  of;  and  it  would  be  tlie  higheft  ingratitude  to  withhold 
the  tribute  of  acknowledgment  from  the  prefent  reprefentativea 
of  its  founder,  who,  while  they  wilh  to  revive  it  as  aphilofophic 
^nd  experimental  Society,  do  not  attempt  to  conceal-  the -figure  it 

Jiiade  on  its  original  more  extended  plaQ.,   •    .  .'   A)l...  ,. 

Irr.?  lo  os^iyj 

SOME 


[     i     3 


SOME    ACCOUNT    OF    THE    GENTLEMEN'S 


SOCIETY       AT       SPALDING. 


THE  fpirit  of  emulation  and  communication  which  prevailed 
among  the  Eftabhfliers,  or  to  fpeak  more  properly  the 
Revivers,  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London  in  the  be- 
ginning of  the  prefent  century  %  produced  two  or  three  congenial 
cftablifliments^,  whofe  objedtwas  to  extend  their  enquiries  into  the 
Hiftory  and  Antiquities  of  this  kingdom  by  mutual  correfpondence. 

With  , 

*  This  is  to  be  underftood  of  the  firfl:  meetings  of  thofe  gentlemen  eminent  for 
their  afFedlion  to  the  advances  in  the  fcience  of  Antiquity  in  1707,  which  continued 
till  they  made  a  regular  eleftion  of  officers  1717-18.'  See  Introd.to  the  Archaol.  I. 
XXV.  See  alio  Mr.  Johnfon's  Anfwer  to  Dr.  Dacarel's  Inquiry,  in  the  name  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  1754,  at  the  end  of  this  account. 

^  The  three  literary  focieties  at  Peterborough,  Stamford,  and  Doncafter,  are  here 
alluded  to.  Of  them  fee  more,  p.  98.  The  former,  called  "  The  Gentlemen's  . 
Society*,"  was  founded  jointly  by  the  Rev.  Jofeph  Sparke  and  the  Rev.  Timothy 
Neve.  Of  both  thefe  gentlemen  by  and  by.  John  Rovvdl,  efq.  LL.  D.  was  its 
firfl:  prefiJent.  Of  this  Society  were  members,  Charles  Ralguy,  M.  D.  of  Peter- 
borouE^h,  where  he  pra(Flifed  and  died  ;  and  Dr.  Thomas  Robinfon,  prebendary  of 
the  church  1730,  and  editor  of  Hefiod  1737.  ^^  ^743  ^^'  Neve,  their  fecretary, 
who  was  long  fchoolmailer  at  Spalding,  treafurer  to  the  Sp  ilding  Society,  and 
thence  founder  of  the  other,  had  prevailed  on  bilhop  Claveriog  to.  beftow  on  them 
rlie  ufe  of  the  old  Saxon  gate  chamber,  in  the  minftcr  yard,  leading  to  his  palace, 
for  their  meeting,  but  had  not  yet  been  able  to  prevail  on  that  prelate  to  counte- 
nance them  with  his  company.  They  made  an  ordinance,  that  in  cafe  their  Society  • 
dropped,  and  their  meetings  were  but  very  thin,  .their  books  and  funelltx  fliouid 
then  lie  lodged  in  the  library  of  the  dean  and  chapter.  Dr.  Thomas,  their  dean, 
and  then  bithop  of  Lincoln,  was  their  prefident.  (p.  390.)  The.,  Stamford  So-  . 
c;ety  was  founded  about  1721  on  the  rules  of  that  at  Spalding,  by  John' earl  of 
Exeter  recorder,  Maurice  Johnfon  his  deputy,  Cecil  and  Bertie  the  reprefcntativcs  n    . 

*  By  which  name  alfo  the  Spalding  Society   wer.r,   v-ho  called  this  their  da'.;ght€r.    See  p.  404,  and  Mr. 
Johnlon's  letter  to  Dr.  Dv.carel,  175-+. 

a...  parliament^t 


u 


HISTORY    OF    THE    GENTLEMEN'S 


With  this  very  laudable  view  was  ertabliflied  in  the  year 
ly  loS  at  Spalding  in  Lincolnfliire,  a  Society  of  Gentlemen,  who, 
in  the  true  ilyle  of  monaftic  antiquity,  airunaed  to  themfelves  the 
modeft  denomination  of  a  C^"// to  that  of  London ;  at  once  expreffing 
their  relation  and  connexion  with  that  refpeiSlable  body,  of  which 
moft  of  them  were  alio  members,  and  with  which  they  kept  up 

parliament,  Dr.  Atwood  his  lordfhip's  chaplain,  J.  Blackwell,  efq.  Dixon  Colby, 
I\1.  D.  J.  Hepburn  furgeon,  and  Mr.  Richards,  who  wrote  for  them.  On  the  de- 
cline of  this  Society  in  1745,  Dr.  Stukeley  reftor  of  St.  Peter's,  vicar  of  All  Saints, 
and  mafter  of  Brown's  Hofpital  in  Stamford,  founded  the  Brazen  Nofe  Society, 
fo  called  in  memory  of  the  famous  univerfiry  there,  on  whofe  {ne  the\  met  weekly 
on  Saturdays,  and  quarterly  on  the  Saturday  of  or  preceding  the  full  moon,  and 
adjourned  in  fummcr  for  convenience  of  members  to  Deeping.  Dr.  Stukeley's 
alTociates  were  the  above  members  of  the  old  Society,  together  with  William  A(h, 
efq.  Rev.  E.  Bertie  re£for  of  Uffington,  George  Boulton,  M.,D.  Beaupre  Bell, 
M.  A.  Samuel  Buck,  John  Catlin,  R.  Taylor,  Henry  lord  Colerane,  George  Den- 
fliire  clerk  of  the  peace,  Jofeph  Eayre,  Thomas  Eayre  of  Kettering,  John  Grundy 
engineer,  Samuel  and  Roger  Gale,  William  Johnfon,  efq  Edwaid  Laurence  lur- 
veyor,  George  Lynne,  Tycho  Wing  and  Edmund  Weaver  artronomers,  John  Mack- 
lin  mathematician,  R.S.  (ecretary,  Rev.  John  Lynne,  Noah  Neale,  efq.  M.  Terry, 
B.  Ray,  Rev.  Henry  Owen,  Jonathan  Siffon,  Robert  Stephenfon,  Dr.  William 
Lynne,  Dean  Richard  Pocock,  LL.  D.  Dr.  A.  WaglfafFe,  Rev.  W.  War^urton, 
&:c.  Other  literary  Societies  fubfilled  at  Wifbeach,  Lincoln ,  Worcefter,  and  Dublin. 
(Mr.  Johnfon's  letter  to  Dr.  Ducarel,  i754.)  ^'"'  Johnfon  lived  to  fee  the 
Stamford  and  Peterborough  focieties  luiik  into  meer  taverns  and  clubs.  (Letter 
to  Mr.  Neve,  1753,  p.  434.)  Mr.  Smith  of  Woodelon  laboured  to  revive  the 
fpirit  of  the  latter  in  1753,  (p.  432.)  He  laments,  in  a  letter  dated  Auguft  io, 
I  52,  that  it  was  altered  to  the  monthly  meeting  at  a  public  hnufe,  which  mufl  leduce 
it  to  a  common  pipe  meeting,  and  1748  he  deplored  their  conduft  ni  taking  in  wonh- 
lefs  books  A  tocietywas  torming  1750  ?t  Bofton,  on  a  literary  defign,  lucceffor  to 
a  book  club,  (p.  432.)  The  Doncafter  Society  was  held  by  adjournment  at  Blythe 
and  Bawtry  1746. 

*=  This  is  the  date  on  the  device  hereafter  mentioned.  The  firfl  Statutes,  of  which  a 
Copy  is  fubjoined  in  the  Appendix,  date  it  17 12.  So  does  Dr.  Stukeh-y  in 
his  panegyric  on  the  founder.  In  a  letter  from  Mr  Johnfon  to  Mr.  T.  Neve, 
dated  1  746,  p.  42 1 ,  he  fays,  "  Such  inflitures  in  England  have  been  fo  rare,  that  ours 
"  here  begun  but  in  17?!,  and  fixed  on  rules  in  1 712,  which  it  has  been  upheld  by 
"  ever  fince,  is  the  oldelt  we  know  of  out  of  London  and  the  Univerfnies.''  See  a 
letter  of  Maurice  Johnfon's  about  its  progrefs,  1729,  p  52.  Another,  1745,  p.  418, 
wherein  he  fays  it  had  flood  ^5  years  fince  its  inftitution  ;  and  in  another  10  Dr. 
Birch,  1750,  he  fays  it  had  fubfifted  40  years.  Dr.  Stukeley,  in  his  Hiflory 
of  Caraulius  L  no.  1757)  mentions  it  as  having  "  ?iozv  i'uhdiicd  ahve  j^o  years 
with  the  greatcft  reputation." 


SOCIETY    AT     SPALDING. 


Ill 


an  iminterrupted  correfpondence  and  communication  of  their  Mi- 
nutes'^  for  upwards  of  forty  years.  ,  . 
^                        '  ^                                                     This 

■*  They  collefted  the  hiftory  of  the  original  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  at  Lon- 
don, 1735,  p.  62.  The  h\([  communication  of  minutes  to  them  was  in  February 
1753,  by  G.  Vertue  their  engraver. 

A  learned  foreigner  who  drew  up  and  publiflied  a  fhort  account  of  the  Society 
of  Antiqj,t ARIES  of  London,  at  which  he  was  prefent  173^,  I'cruples  not  to  afcribe 
its  revival  almofl;  entirely  to  Mr.  Johnfon.  "  Quum  enim  vir  maximce  exiftimationis 
**  JoHNSONivs  An.  CI3IDCCXV11I  S'^cietatis  Antiquarian  Afta  manibus  tereret  ipfe, 
**  &  cculis  fubjiceret  fuis,ut  akius  ilia  extoliere  poffic  caput,  &majorem  cuituni  capef- 
*'  fere,  refufcitavit  prope  extin6tam  conatu  honeftilTimo  &  felici  admodum  fuccelfu. 
"  Ab  eodem  JoHNsoNio  majora  expe(5lare  poteft  emolumenta  difta  Societas,  prop- 
**  terea  quod  adhuc  fuperftes  Spaldingi  in  Lincolnjhire  agir,  ubi  Maecenas  nunquain 
"  fine  laude  nominandus  Societatem  Literariam  duftu  aufpicioque  fuo  confccravit, 
"  cujus  confors  eft  Hans  S/ome  fupra  nobis  jam  ce!ebratus  eques."  Konholt,  epift. 
adKappium  de  Soc.  Ant.  Lond.  Lipf.    1730,  41:0.  p.  6. 

"  Dr.  Mortimer  has  for  fome  years,  and  at  his  own  inflance,  had  from  me  (who 
"  have  been  fo  fortunate,  by  the  encouragement  of  Secretary  Addifon  and  Captain 
"  Steele,  to  fet  up  and  conduft  this  Society)  a  true,fuccin(ft,  hiftorical  account  tbere- 
"  of,  and  alfo  ot  the  reftoring  our  Antiquarian  Society  of  London  (cnJus  pars  non 
•'  parva  fui\  under  affured  promife  of  publifhing  them,  and  fo  introducing  rhe 
"  better  and  fuller  knowledge  of  us  to  the  learned  world,  in  a  dedication,  preface, 
"  or  preamble,  to  fome  volume  of  the  Philofophical  Tranfaflions,  wherein  he  pro- 
"  pofed  to  give  an  account  of  all  Societies  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  rellored,  re- 
*'  eftabliflied,  or  founded  fnice  the  Pioyal  Society  ;  and  the  rather  did  I  take  the  trou- 
"  bleat  this  time,  as  it  were  to  be  wifhed  his  prefent  Majeftv  and  the  Parliament 
•'  would  fo  fix  the  Pxoyal  and  Cotton  libraries  as  to  render  them  ufeful,  and  put. 
•'  them  on  a  permanent  eftablirhmenr  ;  but,  to  our  detriment,  the  Doftor  h  is  hi- 
ther to,  Wi7«_g?f  many  iolicitations  I  have  repeatedly  made  to  him,  fonietimes  in  pcrfon, 
at  other  times  by  or  through  members  of  all  three  (i.  e.  the  Royal,  and  Antiquarian,  , 
and  this  their  humble,  but,  I  thank  Providence,  by  them  refpectcd  little  Cell.),  in-- 
jurioufly  ne^lefted  or  deterred  doing  us  that  jufliceand  piece  of  fervice,  I  m^iy  fay 
wedefcrved,  as  fome  pains  were  taicen  to  give  him  fullicient  inftruftionsfor  the  pur-- 
pofe,  as  he  himfelf  rcquefled,  and  he  has  liad  leave  to  model  th©  fame  as  Mr.  Polices 
might  jud^e  properclt.  Other  authors  and  edirors  have  lung  (Ince  and  frequently 
^'  on  occalions  rcquelled,  but  never  obtained  the  copies  of  tbofe  hilloiieal  accounts  of 
"  thefe  literary  ii.ftitutions  to  publifii ,  We  denied  thsm,  Iwvii'g  as  it  were  (before 
"  the  Antiquary  Society  was  fo  rcfloreJ)  put  ourfelves  under  the  prote<ftion  of  the- 
"  Royal  Society  of  Lcndon,  from  our  fiiil  fixing  ;■  and  htd  the  happinefs  of  their 
"  regard.  Then  Sir  I.  Newton  held  thtir  chair,  and  my  ti>ccr  Dr.  Jurin  was  their- 
"  fecretary,  with  vvhu:u  I  kejn  correfpondence. .  Wiih  you,  Sir,  could  and  would- 
"  prevail  iit  leafl  to  have  thefe,  though  but  inabllra-^^^  fo  ufhe red  into  the  world.- 
"  For,  relying  on  Dr.  Mortimer's  honour,  I'hzve  pledged  my  own  to  many  men  of 
"  worth,  that  they  tlwuldfo  fee  them  come  forth."  Seealfop.  4Z0.  It  appears  ths" 
Society  of  Antiquaries  were  pleafed  \^i'h  this  account,  and  de.'ired  a  copy  ot  it;  that 
whea  it  was   hud  before  the  Royal  Society   in    lyj;',  t':cy  fent  their  Traafadti  ■ns, 

a.  2.  au'i 


IV 


HISTORY    OF    T  II E    G  E  N  T  L  E  M  E  N'S 


This  Society,  which  took  its  rile  from  a  few  gentlemen  of  the 
town,  who  met  at  a  cofifee-houfe  to  pafs  away  an  hour  in  Hterary 
converfation,  and  reading  fome  new  pubUcations^,  may  be  conli- 
dered  as  one  of  the  extraordinary  efforts  of  an  adive  mind,  whofe 
intimate  acqviaintance  with  the  various  branches  of  EngUili  Hiftory 
and  Jurilprudence  fupported  for  fo  long  a  time  a  plan  which 
himfelf  had  digefted,  and  extended  its  views  to  other  parts  of 
fcience. 

They  did  not  confine  their  enquiries  to  Antiquities,  but  made 
difcoveries  in  Natural  Hiftory,  and  improvements  in  Arts  and 
Sciences  in  general  their  obje6f.  *'  We  deal,"  fays  Mr.  Johnfon  to 
Mr.  Neve,  1745-6,  "  in  all  arts  and  fciences,  and  exclude  nothing 
*'  from  our  converfation  but  politics,  which  would  throw  us  all 
"  into  confufion  and  diforder." 

The  founder  of  this  Society  was  Maurice  Johnson,  Efq;  a  na- 
tive of  Spalding,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  London,  and  fteward  of  the 
foke  or  manor  of  Spalding^-,  which  belonged  to  the  Duke  of 
Buccleugh,  1755  Sj  and  of  that  of  Kirketon,  the  property  of  the 
Earl  of  Exeter'' . 

Their  fjunder  was  only  occafionally  their  Prefident'.  He  was 
their  fecretary  thirty-five  years,  with  indefatigable  induftry  and 
pleafure,    and  filled  four  large  folio  volumes  with  their  ads  and 

and  defired  copies  of  the  minutes  every  three  or  fix  months,  as  formerly  from  the 
Dublin  Society  ;  and  Mr.  Johnfon  underftood  that  Dr.  Mortimer  prefixed  it  to 
the    PhilofophicalTranfiidtions  for  1744;  but  no  fuch  thing  apj  ears. 

•  They  b^gan  with  the  Tatler,  then  a  new  periodical  paper  ;  and  the  reading  of 
fuch  and  other  publications,  as  well  as  of  MSS.  intended  for  the  prcfs,  made  part 
of  their  entertainment  to  the  laft.  Mr.  Johnfon  fays  this  Society  was  founded  with 
the  encouragement  of  Secretary  Addifon,  Captain  Steele,  and  others  of  Button's 
club,  p.  411.  '  P-  98.  104. 

£  In  Mr.  Johnfon's  letter  to  Dr.  Birch,  he  ftylcs  the  Duke  of  Buccleugh  patron 
and  liberal  beneiaftor  of  this  Society.  In  a  letter,  p.  55,  he  calls  himfelf  Counfel 
to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Peterborough,  perhaps  having  been  employed  by 
them  in  fome  occafional  law-fuir.  '^  P.  94. 

'  Mr.  Johnfon's  Letter  to  Dr.  Birch,  1750.  lie  was  elected  prefident  on  the 
death  ot  M..  Lyon,  1747-8,  and  the  Rev.  John  Johnfon  fecretary  in  his  room. 

obferva- 


SOCIETY    AT    SPALDING.  y 

'obfervations  ^,  which,  after  he  refigned  the  fecretaryfhip  to  hh 
foii-in-law  Dr.  Green,  he  found  time  to  index,  and  was  pro- 
ceeding to  the  Diflcrtations  and  other  valuable  papers,  1750'. 
Thefe  laft  being  original  w^ere  not  bound,  1750,  nor  trufted  out 
of  the  fecretary's  hands  "^. 

They  began  the  fourth  volume  1746.  In  thefe  volumes  Mr. 
Johnfon  caufed  the  Regifter  to  infert,  by  way  of  extract,  but  pretty 
fully,  all  the  minutes  of  the  Peterborough  fociety  from  its  foun- 
dation, fo  long  as  Dr.  Neve  was  the  diligent  and  able  fecretary ",  and 
all  the  firft  volume  of  thofe  of  Stamford  Societas  ^lEneanafenfis, 
from  Dr.  Stukcley,  founder  and  fecretary  thereof,  to  1736.  The 
fifth  volume  of  their  Obfervations  filling  1750,  ended  Dec.  23, 

1753- 

The  firft  of  thefe  volumes  begins  1710,  and  ends  1729.    The 

motto  to  it,  Ecclefiafticus  xxv.  3,     "  If  thou   haft  gathered  no- 

*'  thing  in  thy  youth,  how  canft  thou  find  any  thing  in  thine 

"age?"     Vol.  II.  1729 — 1738.   dedicated  to  Sir  Ifaac  Newton, 

mafter  of  the  Mint,  and  F.  R.  S.  Motto,  Jobxxviii.  i.   "Surely 

there  is  a  vein  for  the  filver.   Sec."  Vol.  III.  1738 — 1745.  Motto, 

"  Vol.  IV.  1745 — 1748.  Motto, 

"   Antiquities,  or  remnants  of  hiftory,  are  when  induftrious  per- 

"  fons,  by  an  exa6l  and  fcrupulous  diligence  and  obfervations, 

*'  out  of  monuments,  names,  words,  proverbs,  trailitions,  private 

*'  records  and  evidences,  fragments  of  ftories,  paflages  of  books 

*'  that  concern  not  ftory,  and  the  like,  deferve  and  recover  fome- 

"  what  from  the  deluge  of  time  °." 

Thefe  volumes,  written  in  a  variety  of  hands  by  Mr.  Johnfoil 

himfelf,   contain  a  fund  of  difcoveries  foreign  and  domeftic,   in 

Antiquities,  Hiftory,   and  Natural  Philofophy,  interfperfed  with 

^  See  a  fpeclmen  of  the  minutes,  p.  57.  'P.  104. 

"P.  431,  432.  Mr.  Bogdani  gave,  1744,  two  elegant  folios  ruled  for  future 
minutes,  he  having  been  plealed  to  table  or  index  greatefi;  part  of  the  former,  and 
bind  them  up.     He  alfo  forted  their  impreffions,  &c.  p.  61. 

■  P.  420.  "  Bacon  de  Augm.  Sclent.  II.  c.  6. 

1  tranfcripts 


▼i  HISTORY    OF    THE    GENTLEMEN'S 

tranfcripts  of  deeds  at  length,  anecdotes,  poems,  8cc.  and  adorned 
with  drawings  by  Mr.  Johnfon  and  his  daughter  Ann  Alethea, 
and  others,   and  the  marginal  references  very  diftindt. 

Their  plans,  prints,  and  drawings  were  arranged  in  1735, 
and  filled  four  great  portfolios;  vol.  1.  containing  Statues  and  Por- 
traits ;  ir.  Architecture  and  Sculpture  ;  III.  Plans,  Charts,  and 
Defigns  ;   IV.   Mifceilanies. 

The  mode  of  ele6lion  was  by  propofing  the  candidate  during 
three  meeting  days,  and  balloting  for  him  on  the  third  °.  They 
had  two  Secretaries,  and  a  Trealurer'';  and  their  meetings  were 
held  weekly  on  Thurfdays  throughout  the  year''  17  12,  firft  at 
Younger's  coffee-houfe  in  the  abbey-yard,  then  in  a  private  houfe 
belonging  to  Mr  Everard,  in  1743  at  a  houfe  late  Mr.  Ambler's"", 
and  afterwards,  in  an  evening,  in  a  part  of  the  oki  Monaftery 
of  Spalding,  which  was  fitted  up  with  a  library  and  mufeum  % 
and  laftly  in  a  room  hired  in  a  private  houfe,  not  far  from  the 
High-bridge,  where  they  ftill  remain.  In  1750  their  meetings 
began  at  4  and  lafted  till  10,  but  their  readings  and  Ihew  began 
about  8  or  fomewhat  fooner  \ 

°  According  to  the  following  form  :  "  A.  B.  was,  at  his  own  infiance,  propofed 
"  a  regular  [or  honorary]  member  of  this  Society  by  CD.  who  figns  it."  Two 
more  members  recommended,  and  the  candidate  was  elected  on  the  third  meeting. 

P  Mr.  Stagg,  who  was  clerk  to  Mr.  Johnfon,  is  (lyled  the  Society's  Coadjutor,  and 
Mr.  Cox,  who  was  an  eminent  fiirgeon,  their  Operator,  p.  59  ;  and  in  p.  58  the 
Coadjutor  and  Gardener  are  united. — The  apothecaries  had  a  phyfic  garden  in 
Spalding  17-15.     Of  the  Society's  Hcrtus  Siccus^  fee.  p.  59. 

''  See  p  404. 

'Afterwards  inhabited  by  Mr.  Johnfon's  fon  Walter,  and  now  by  his  fon  Mr. 
Fairfax  Johnfon,  who  fitted  up  the  old  building  1782. 

'  See  it  defcribed  p.  8.1,  82. 

■  P.  104.  "  Our  meetings  are  continued  conftant  on  every  Thurfday  evening,  and 
"  well  frequented  as  I  find  it  poflible  to  make  the  place  bear,  for  the  number  of 
"  people  here  or  hereabouts,  who  can  be  induced  to  attend  a  thing  of  that  na- 
"  ture,  where  neither  politics,  in  which  every  man  thinks  himfelf  wife,  can  have 
**  part,  nor  any  fort  of  gaming  goes  forward,  which  mofl  young  men  cfteem  as 
"  their  betoved  evening's  recreation.  Bur,  under  God,  J  depend  chiefly  ort 
**  the  ftrength  of  my  own  children,  and  my  near  rehitions,  whom  1  have  taken  care 
"  to  train  up  to  a  liking  of  it  from  their  intancv,  and,  1  truft,  will  keep  \<  up  when 
*'•  I  llull  leave  tlicm.     Mr^  Johnfon's  let!:cr  to  Mr.  Gale,  ij^ji    p.  390. 

Members 


SOCIETY     AT    SPALDING.  vU 

Members  on  their  admiffion  prefented  fome  valuable  book, 
to  the  Society ;  and  paid  twelve  fliillings  a  year,  be/ides  a  fliilling 
at  each  meeting.  By  this  means  they  had  formed  a  valuable  li- 
brary. In  1743  the  divinity  part,  in  five  large  clafles  and  one 
lels,  was  given  to  the  church,  and  placed  in  cafes  in  the  veftry, 
where  it  ftill  remains ;  the  grammatical,  in  one  large  clafs  and 
one  lefs,  to  the  fchool,  where  it  Hill  is ;  but  both  referved  for  the 
Society's  ufe  till  diflblved,  and  then  thefe  and  all  in  the  meeting 
room  to  be  for  public  ufe. 

Their  ftatutes  being  altered  and  modified  according  to  circum- 
ftances,  we  have  endeavoured  to  comprehend  the  fubltance  of  all 
in  feveral  different  copies  printed  in  the  Appendix,  p.  i. 

The  following  letter,  afcertaining  a  new  fa6t  in  the  life  of  the 
famous  Dr.  Bentley,  will  ferve  to  fliew  how  exadly  the  Regifters 
of  this  Society  were  kept. 

"  To  William  Graves",  Efq.  at  Fulborn  near  Cambridge. 

*'  SIR, 

"  You  feemed  defirous,  when  at  Spalding,  to  know  when  Dr. 
*'  Bentley  was  chofen  Mafter  of  the  Grammar  School  here.  I  ap- 
"  plied  to  Mr.  Johnfon,  who  tells  me  his  Accounts  of  Admiflion 
"  do  not  go  fo  far  back,  but  referred  me  to  the  Society,  where,  I 
"  find,  we  have  a  moft  minute  detail  of  things  memorable,  both 
"  here  and  in  the  neighbourhood.  What  relates  to  the  Dodlor 
*'  runs  thus: 

"  About  two  years  after,  [viz.  in  the  year  1681]  that  great 
"  light  of  learning  Richard  Bentley  [now  D.  D.  Regius  ProfefTor 

"  Mr.  Graves,  whohad  been  much  obliged  to  Dr.  Bentley,  who  pufhed  him  for- 
ward when  a  young  man,  made  him  lleward  of  the  College  eflates,  &c.  fentapi£lurc 
of  the  Doftor  to  the  Spalding  Society,  now  hanging  up  in  the  meeting-room.  Mr. 
Graves  waselefled  by  the  Univerfity  of  Cambridge  their  Commillary,  .1726,  which 
office  he  refigned  in  a  handfome  manner  about  three  years  ago,  when  he  prefented  a 
piece  of  plate  value  50I.  to  his  College. 

"  of 


viii  HISTORY    OF    THE    GENTLEMEN'S 

"  of  Divinity,  Mafter  of  Trinity  College,  Royal  Librarian,  &c.] 
*'  fupplied  his  place,  who  being  foon  taken  from  us  by  the  learned 
*'  Bifliop  of  Worcefter,  Dr.  Stillingfleet,  to  be  his  amanuenfis% 
*^  Walter  Johnfon,  of  Peter-houfe  in  Cambridge,  was  elected  in 
"  his  place,  [viz.  in  the  year  1682]. 

"  I  take  this  opportunity  to  acquaint  you,  that  we  have  the 
"  honour  of  having  you  a  member  of  our  Society.  1  am.  Sir, 
*'  your  very  humble  fervant,  J.  Rowning." 

Their  anniverfary  was  celebrated  on  the  laft  Thurfday  in  Au- 
guft,  in  a  public  manner,  with  mufic  and  a  polite  audience,  from 
the  year  1730,  when  there  was  fung  an  Ode  compofed  by  Mr. 
Johnfon,  beginning  "  To  love  and  focial  joys,  Sec."  At  the 
anniverfary  1738  there  was  a  mifcellaneous  concert  by  Dr. 
Heighington  of  Yarmouth,  his  wife,  and  fon.  The  following 
Ode  was  written  and  compofed  for  the  occafion  1739.  The 
mufic  became  afterwards  more  mifcellaneous,  and  after  15 
years  continuance,  was  in  1747  intirely  laid  afide  for  want  of  re- 
fident  performers,  as  it  did  not  fuit  the  finances  of  the  Society,  to 
hire  others. 

=■  Notwithftanding  this  entry,  the  Doflor  denied  his  ever  having  ferved  theBifhop 
in  that  capacity  ;  lo  it  is  probably  a  miftake  for  tutor  to  the  Bifliop's  fon.  See  Pre- 
face to  his  Diflertation  on  the  Epiilles  of  Phalaris,  p.  78.  edit.  1.699,  where  are 
thefe  words:  "  I  fhould  never  account  it  any  difgrace  to  have  ferved  the  Right 
"-  Reverend  the  Bifnop  of  Worceiter  in  any  capacity  of  a  fcholar,  but  I  never  was 
"  ^Amanuenfis  to  his  Lordfhip,  nor  to  any  body  elfe  ;  neither  did  his  Lordlhip  ever 
"  make  ufe  of  any  Amanuenfis.  So  little  regard  has  this  Exan'.incr  to  decency  or 
*•  truth.  I  was  firil:  tutor  to  his  Lordfliip's  fon,  and  afterwards  chaplain  to  himfelf : 
"  and  I  fliall  always  efteem  it  both  I'ny  honour  and  my  happiiieis  to  have  fpcnt 
".  14  years  of  my  life  in  his  family  and  acquaintance,  whom  even  envy  itfelf  will 
"  allow  to  be  the  glory  of  our  church  and  nation,  he." 


Ode 


SOCIETY     AT    SPALDING.  ix 

Ode  at  the  anniverfai-y  the  laft  Thurfday  in  Angufl  1 7 39?  per- 
formed at  Mr.  Everard's,  fet  to  mufic  by  Mufgrave  Heighing- 
ton,  Doctor  of  Mufic,  member  of  the  Society,  and  organilt  of 
Leicefter,  performed  by  himfelf  and  gentlemen  of  the  con- 
cert there. 

Overture.     Chorus  for  three  voices. 

I. 

Sung  by  the  DoSior^  and  repeated  at  the  end. 

The  faireft  glory  of  the  bleft  abodes, 
Great  parent  and  delight  of  men  and  Gods, 
Through  different  ages  here  addreft 

Under  a  varied  name, 
Has  been  invok'd  as  patronefs, 

Her  votaries  the  fame, 

II. 

Sung  by  Mrs.  Heighington. 

'Tvvas  Love  infpir'd  them  to  adore  her  power, 

Love  from  which  Friendfliip  comes, 
As  from  the  genial  fliower 

The  fragrant  bloffom  blooms. 

III. 

By  Majler  Heighington, 
From  foaming  waves  when  Beauty  fprung, 

Tritons  with  vocal  fliells  proclaim'd 
Her  charms,  which  every  lyre  has  fung 

Thro'  Greece  and  thro'  Britannia  fam'd  ; 
Where  all  who  felt  her  influence  own'd  her  fway, 
Which,  as  our  fires,  their  offspring  mufl  obey. 

b  In 


X  HISTORY     OF    THE     GENTLEMEN S 

In  1 740  it  was  held  in  the  great  parlour  of  the  hoiife  of  Beau- 
pre  Bell,  late  Sir  John  Oldfield's,  in  tenure  of  Mrs.  Coy  ; — now 
the   workhoufe  ! 

It  was  propofed  to  have  an  annual  fermon  on  focial  love  and 
focial  virtues,  by  the  Rev.  Robert  Whatley,  who  offered  to  preach 
it  gratis  ;   but  this  offer  does  not  appear  to  have  been  accepted. 

The  anniverfary  in  1727  was  celebrated  by  a  dinner  and  con- 
cert the  firft  Thurfday  in  January. 

The  device  of  this  Society,  defigned  by  Mr.  Johnfon,  and  executed 
by  Vertue-,  and  fubfcribed  Soc.  Gen.  Spalding.  Instituta 
MDCCX.  was  two  Tritons  fupporting  a  conch,  in  which  fits  a  naked 
female  reprefenting  Truth,  a  flaming  heart  on  her  girdle,  a  fl:ar 
on  her  head ;   in  her  right  hand  a  dove,  in  her  left  a  lily  y. 

1  heir  firft  prefident  was  the  rev.  Stephen  Lyon  for  November 
and  December  1712. 

The  complete  lift  of  their  members,  both  regular  and  hono- 
rary, from  their  firft  inftitution  to  1753%  fubjoined  in  the  Ap- 
pendix, at  the  fame  time  that  it  marks  the  extenfive  acquaintance 
and  influence  of  the  founder,  will  fliew  what  a  number  of 
eminent  fcholars  were  then  planted  in  the  county  of  Lincoln, 
and  in  the  South  Eaft  province  in  particular  \  The  names  of  Sir 
Ifaac  Newton,  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Sir  John  Clerk,  Sir  Richard  Ellis, 
Sir  Charles  Frederic,  Sir  Jofeph  Ayloffe,  Sir  John  Evelyn,  Henry 
earl  of  Colerane,  Drs.  Jurin,  Taylor,  Bentley,  Knight,  Stukeley, 
Birch,  Biftiops  Pearce,  Pococke,  Lyttelton,  Mr.  Pope,   Mr.  Gay, 

y  See  note  ',  pag.  v.  This  device  was  copied  from  one  in  the  Palace  Matthei 
in  the  Admirandu  Romx,  and  Monlfaucon's  Antiq.  1.  III.    17.   loi.  pi.  L.  N°  9. 

^  The  latelt  lift  in  the  thiee  minute  books.  The  founder  died  within  two  years 
after.  Dr.  Ducaiel,  who  prefented  his  "  Anglo  Norman  Antiquities"  to  the  So- 
ciety-j  had  notice  that  he  was  eledled  a  member  July  20,    1  757. 

*  In  1729,  Mr.  Johnfon  tells  Mr.  Gale,  they  had  admitted  two  Doftors  in  Divinity, 
one  of  them  the  head  of  Qiieen's  College,  Oxford,  Dr.  John  Gibfon,  preben- 
dary of  Peterborough  and  Lincoln,  and  redlor  of  Farthinoflonc,  in  Northanpton- 
whodied  1 730,  two  feamen,  one  lawyer,  a  captain,  two  lurgeonsj  and  five  other  gen- 
tlemen, whereby  they  were  enabled  to  carry  on  a  correfpondence  in  molt  parts  of  the 
wcrkl;  but  he  would  confine  himklf  to  a  few,  and  leave  the  new  to  his  brother, 
p.  52. 

Roger 


SOCIETY      AT      SPALDING.  xi 

Roger  and  Samuel  Gale,  Mr.  Clarke,  Martin  P'olkes,  ProfefTor 
Ward,  Browne  Willis,  Mr.  Anltis,  Mr.  Drake,  Thomas  Martin, 
Mr.  Holmes,  Mr.  Sparke,  Mr.  Vertue,  Mr.  Bogdani,  Mr.  Pegge, 
the  two  Bucks,  Mr.  Bowyer,  George  Edwards,  Mr.  Smith  of  Wood- 
fton,  George  Lynn,  Efq.  of  South  wick,  the  two  Weleys,  father 
and  fon,  Drs.  King,  Bolton,  and  Green,  phyficians  at  Bofton, 
Stamford,  and  Spalding,  Mr.  Southgate,  Commiffary  Graves, 
Beaupre  Bell,  efq.  Dr.  Middleton  Maffey,  Mr.  Chapman,  mafter 
of  the  free  grammar  fchool  of  Moulton  near  Spalding,  Mr.  Grundy, 
Mr.  Timothy  Neve,  Mr.  John  Rowning,  Mr.  Ray,  Mr.  Falkner, 
Mr.  Button,  Hon.  Mr.  Bertie,  Mr.  Rand,  Mr.  Atkinfon,  are  too 
refpeitable  to  be  paffed  over  in  filence,  and  not  to  have  given 
weight  and  luftre  to  the  proceedings  of  this  learned  body. 

The  county  of  Lincoln  is  perhaps  one  of  the  mod  fertile  in 
Antiquities  of  any  in  the  kingdom  :  whether  we  refer  to  the  nu- 
merous monaftic  remains,  among  which  the  beautiful  cathedral 
of  the  metropolis  and  the  fragments  of  Croyland  abbey  church'' 
ftand  foremoft,  or  to  the  Roman  ftations  and  the  military  works  of 
fucceeding  ages,  the  manlions  of  the  nobility  at  Burleigh,  Grimf- 
thorpe,  and  Belvoir,  the  cemeteries  of  antient  and  noble  families  at 
Botesford,  Stamford,  Spilfby,  &c.  the  ftupendous  works  of  art  in 
the  drainage  of  fo  large  a  tradt  of  fen  country.  Sec.  &;c. 

It  is  to  be  lamented,  that  fo  little  has  been  done  towards  a  me- 
thodical illuftration  of  fuch  a  copious  field.  We  are  indeed  told 
of  materials  left  for  Lincoln  city  by  William  Pownal  Efq";  and  that 
Maurice  Johnfon  himfelf'  meditated  an  account  of  Spalding, 
which  he  afterwards  compleated,  and  for  which  he    muft   have 

''  The  beautiful  Weft  front  of  this  church  has  juft  been  engraved  by  Mr.  Bafire, 
from   a  drawing   made    1780  by  John  Carter,    an  ingenious  young  artift. 
'  Stuk.  Itin.  I.  86.  ''  lb.  22. 

b  2  been 


xu 


HISTORY    OF    THE    GENTLEMEN'S 


been  perfe(5lly  qualified.  He  had  given  an  account  of  the  town 
in  a  plan  taken  by  Grundy,  1722.  From  one  of  his  letters, 
dated  1750,  we  learn,  that  he  had  "  indexed  all  the  MSS.  of  his 
*'  own  compofing  or  collecting,  chiefly  of  law  and  hiftory,  very 
"  full  as  to  this  place,  much  about  Bofton,  Stamford,  Hitchin  % 
"  Croyland,  Peterborough,  and  fome  other  towns  and  places 
"  where  his  bufinels,  had  lain  as  counfel,  Iteward,  or  recorder  of 
"  the  Ibke  or  manor." 

Dr.  Stukeley  fays  that  Mr.  Johnfon  intended  to  have  written 
fomething  on  Caraufius,  which  the  Do6for  himfelf  took  up,  and 
if  he  did  not  anticipate  his  friend  may  be  fairly  faid  to  have  ex- 
haufted  the  fubjecfl  in  his  two  copious  qviartos  publirtied  1757  and 
1759.  It  appears  (p.  97)  that  Mr.  Johnfon  entertained  the 
Cell  with  a  nvimifmatic  hiitory  of  the  kings  in  Britain  from  Julius 
Caefar  to  the  end  of  the  VVeftern  empire  :  a  plan  for  difpofing 
coins  to  anfwer  his  defign  of  illulb'ating  the  Britifli  Hiftory,  re- 
duced to  1 5  chards. 

1.  From  Caflivelan  to  Boadicea. 

2.  From  Boadicea  to  Adrian. 

3.  From  Adrian  to  Severus. 

4.  From  Severus  to  Caraufius. 

5.  From  Caraufius  to  Conftantius. 

6.  From  Conftantius  to  Maximus.  '■' 

7.  From  Maximus  to  Vortigern. 

8.  From  Vortigern  to  Egbert. 

9.  From  Egbert  to  William  the  Conqueror. 

10.  From  William  the  Conqueror  to  Henry  VIII. 

1 1 .  From  Henry  VIII.  to  Elizabeth. 

'  Mr.  Jo'iiifon  was  fteward  of  this  manor,  which  is  now  held  under  the  Crown  by 
James  Bogdani,  Efq. 

12.  From 


S  O  C  I  E  T  Y     A  T     S  P  A  L  D  I  N  G.  xil 

1 2.  From  Elizabeth  to  the  Commonwealth. 

13.  From  the  Commonwealth  to  the  Revolution. 

14.  From  the  Revolution  to  queen  Anne. 

1 5 .  From  queen  Anne  to  the  Acceffion  of  the  Houfe  of  Flanover. 

Mr.  Johnfon's  communications  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of 
London  were  frequent  and  numerous.  Tranfcripts  of  the  mi- 
nutes of  the  Spalding  Society  were  regularly  lent  up  and  read  to 
them  ;  and  if  they  do  not  appear  fairly  entered  on  the  regifter  of 
the  latter,  it  muft  be  owing  to  the  negligence  of  the  then  Se- 
cretaries ^.  Where  on  the  Spalding  minutes  almofi:  yearly  occurs 
this  entrv  :  "  Thus  far  tranfcribed  and  communicated  to  the  So- 
"  cieties  of  London  and  Peterborough  ;"  only  the  following  occur 
on  the  minute-books  at  London,  as  communications  from  Mr. 
Johnfon. 

172^.  A  family  medal  on  the  marriage  of  Sir  William  Seymour, 
Earl  of  Hertford  and  Lord  Beauchamp,  with  Lady  Fran- 
ces Devereux.  Foy  pour  devoir.  Another  with  the 
phoenix  on  a  coronet.  Rev.  a  bull  running,  and  chained. 
Same  motto. 

An  enamel  of  Fabian  Philips,  antiquary  and  great  lawyer, 
filazer  of  London  and  Middlefex  ;  author  of  an  Eflay  on 
Royal  Purveyance. 
1722.  Portraits  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  the  great  Lord  Falkland 
,in  the  time  of  Charles  L  Sir  Francis  Drake,  and  four  of 
the  Gary  family  playing  at  cards  together,  painted  in  the 
time  of  Henry  VIII.  at  Lord  Falkland's  houfe,  Hanover- 
fquare,  very  perfecf.  Brook  lord  Cobham,  in  the  hands 
of  Henry  Heron,  Efq;  his  defcendant,  at  Creffy-hall,  Lin- 
colnlhire.  Alfo  Sir  Henry  Heron,  K.  B.  and  cup-bearer 
to  Queen  Henrietta,  and  father  to  Henry  Heron. 

*  In  rhe  years  1^50  and  175  ;  the  ■Spalding  Society  were  entertained  for  25  meet- 
ings with  l3r.  Stukcley's  account  memcriter  of  the  Tranfzftions  of  the  Royal  Society, 

1724- 


x:v  HISTORY      OF      THE     GENTLEMEN'S 

1724.   Hadrian,    middle   brafs.     Rev.   Britannia    s.    c.  font. 

MAX.  TR.  p.   COS.  III. 

1728.  A  piece  of  bone  found  in  Mr.  Johnfcm's  garden  at  Spalding, 

where  formerly  flood  a  chapel,  on  which  was  carved  a 
prieft  joining  a  man  and  woman's  hand. 

The  brals  Celt  found  near  Borftal  at  Brill,  Bucks". 

The  fragment  of  Spalding  abbey  feal  from  the  Augmentation- 
office,  defcribed  p.  100.  engraved  inthe  Re/iqu/<^  Ga/eand'j 
PI.  IV.  fig.  2. 

1729.  A  llioe  found  9  feet  deep  in  Ince  mofs  near  Wigan,  of  a 

very  tough  thick  leather  like  the  Ca/ceus  niger  rujlicorum 
^  venatorum  Romanorum  of  Ferrarius. 

1733.  A  vafe  of  earth  found  under  the  root  of  an  old  elm  near 
the  old  fea  bank  on  the  north  fide  of  Spalding  m  Holland, 
in  the  grounds  of  Mr.  Henry  Everard  very  deep. 

1736.  He  defcribed  and  fketched  a  portrait  of  Charles  Brandon 
Duke  of  Suffolk,  at  the  houfe  of  George  Lynne,  Efq;  at 
Southwick  near  Oundle.      Over  it  this  infcription  : 

CAROLUS     DUX      SUFFOLCIAE      SERE.    ANGLIAE     REGIS 
ARPR^FECTUS  CURIAE. 

Under  it,  "  ^Etatis  fu3e  64,  anno  1544." 
He  has  the  collar  of  the  Garter  and  George,  a  glove  in  his 
right  hand,  a  nofegay  in  his  left,  the  four  round  pomels 
of  his  chair  and  ornaments  of  his  order  gilt  with  gold, 
the  curtain  green,  his  complexion  fair,  eyes  light,  beard 
white,  his  clofe  coat  red  velvet,  his  tabard  and  gloves  dark 
brown,  his  bonnet  black  velvet,  a  little  linen  appears  at 
the  gathering  of  his  fhirt  round  his  neck. 
173^.  An  oblong  triangular  piece  of  chry  ftal  dug  up  at  Moulton  in 
Lincolnfliire,  fuppofed  by  fome  an  amulet,  by  Dr.  Wood- 
ward a  conjuring  glafs,  by  others  a  Britifli  ornament  for 

s  Archaeologia,  vol.  V.  p.  116. 

horfe- 


SOCIETY     AT     SPALDING.  xv 

horfe-trappings,  fet  in  tin,  like  one  in  Sir  Hans  Sloane's 
colledlion. 

1738.  A  portrait  of  Lady  Arabella  Wallop  in  water  colours,  1595, 
in  crimfon  (ilk,  embroidered  ftomacher,  high  crowned 
hat  of  the  fame  with  the  cloaths  and  embroidered,  with 
a  pjeacock's  feather  in  it. 

1740.  Two  Roman  fwords,  two  daggers,  and  the  iron  frame  of 
the  tablet  of  a  Vexilhim,  found  in  the  Welland  at  Deep- 
ing. Alfo  a  drawing  of  an  antique  carving  over  St.  Martin's 
church  door  at  Lincoln. 

3743.   Portrait  of  a  young  lady  1573,  with  arms. 

1 745.  Pertinax, large  brafs,  found  in  the  bed  of  the  Welland,  with 
other  older  Greek  and  Roman  coins. 

A  curious  brals  chain,  weight  four  ounces  and  a  half,  and 
fixteen  inches  long,  with  one  of  the  pins,  dug  up  in  the 
Welland. 

1752.  Nero:  fmall  brafs  nero  clavd.  caes.  drvsvs  ger. 
PRINCEPS  ivvENT.  found  at  Gogmagog  hills. 

Mr.  Johnfon,  who  feems  never  to  have  loft  fight  of  his  own 
profeffion  as  a  lawyer  amid  his  antiquarian  purfuits,  fhewed  the 
Antiquarian  Society  1730  a  dilleitation  in  Latin,  drawn  up  by 
him  at  the  inilanceof  theRev.  Mr.  Samuel  Wefley  1727,  intitled 
"  Jurilprudentia  Jobi,"  with  critical  notes  and  drawings  of  the 
A/^^o?  '\  from  the  title  of  which'  one  may  prefume  he  gave  the  law 
as  high  antiquity  as  he  could  claim  for  it ;  or  if  he  acquiefced 

^  Or  feat  from  whence  Job  adminiftered  juflice  :  sv  r:  'zhKuJhocic  iTi9^cr  y.ov  J  AI- 
♦tPOS.    Job  xxix.  7.  l.XX.     "  When  I  prepared  my  feat  in  the  ftreet." 

'  The  differta  ion  on  this  article  is  very  iliort  in  Mr.  Welley's  book,  p.  258 — 260: 
perh -ps  an  abiidgment  of  Mr.  Johnfon's,  whofe  affillance  is  thus  acknowledged 
in  the  preface,  p.  -. 

"  Neque  animi  ingrati  notam  effugere  potuifTem  nifi  libentiffime  agnofcer  m 
"  ben.  ficia  qiiamplurima  &  aiixilia  propofito  noftro  allata  a  viro  docliffimo  Maur. 
"  Juhnfon  armigcro,  fundatore  Societatis  Generoforum  Spaldingine,  eifque  per  aiinos 
"  viginti  jam  ab  epiltolis." 

in; 


xvi  HISTORY     OF     THE    GENTLEMEN'S 

in  the  decifion  that  brings  the  book  of  Job  as  low  as  the  Baby- 
lonifli  captivity,  he  may  be  prelumed  to  have  detailed  a  fyftem  of 
Eaftern  Legiilation  from  the  time  of  Mofes  to  that  of  Ezra. 

A  paper  of  his  on  contorniate  medals  with  drawings,  was  read 
at  the  fame  Society  1734.  Alfo  a  DifiTertation  on  the  Antiquity 
of  Seals,  occafioned  by  a  privy  feal  of  amethyft  fet  in  filver  gilt, 
with  a  camel,  infcribed 

SeCReTV.     SeCRGTOR. 

on  which  a  long  and  learned  letter  was  addreffed  on  the  owner's 
name  or  creft  to  Mr.  Johnfon,  who  left  fomething  on  this  fubjeit 
in  MS  ^ 

In  1745  he  read  to  his  own  Society  a  diflertation  on  the  ftatuc 
of  Aylwin  at  Ramfay,  in  which  he  fuppofed  Aylwin  was  rather 
Lord  High  Chamberlain  than  Lord  Chief  Jnftice  or  Treafurcr, 
as  Camden  and  others  conceived. 

In  1 747  another  on  an  hour-glafs  dug  out  of  a  grave  at  Clerk- 
enwell,  and  another  on  burial  garlands.  He  had  an  hour-glafs 
two  inches  high  taken  out  of  the  ruins  of  Rofamond's  bower 
at  Woodltock,  containing  the  fmalleft  fand,  of  a  brown  greyifli 
colour. 

He  made  a  chorographical  table  of  England  under  the  Romans, 
Saxons,  &c.  with  the  jurifdidtions  civil  and  ecclefiaftical,  judges' 
circuits,  &:c. ' 

Collections  from  various  authors  relative  to  Baynard's  Caftle, 
London. 

Dilfertation  on  the  coins  of  Geta,  fent  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  1737. 

Account  of  five  painted  windows  and  arms  in  Bennington 
church,  1734. 

Differtation  in  Latin  on  the  office  of  prothonotary  of  the 
court  of  Chancery, 


^  Bririfh  Topog,  Prcf.  p.  xvi. 

'  Something  like  this  was  engraved  by  Rocque  in  four  Ihcets.     Ibid.  I.  97. 


Among 


SOCIETY    AT    SPALDING.  xvli 

Memoirs  on  a  MS.  of  St.  Paul's  Epiftles^in  which  is  a  copy  of 
the  pleadings  at  Pinenden  different  troni  that  publiflied  by  Mr. 
Selden,  from  a  MS.  at  Pvochefler. 

On  glafs  and  murrhine  veffels. 

On  franchifes  and  counties  palatine. 

On  our  fepulcral  monuments. 

On  the  affize  of  bread. 

On  the  mint  at  Lincoln,  the  mint  wall,  an  ancient  Roman 
bas-relief  in  the  church  of  St.  Martin  Magnus  there,  now  loft 
by  rebuilding  the  church,  and  the  Roman  and  other  coins 
minted  there,  exclulive  of  the  ample  illuftrations  he  has  be- 
ftowed  on  his  native  town  and  favourite  refidenee. 

Account  of  the  priors  of  Spalding,  from  chartularies  and 
ledgers. 

Hiftory  of  the  ftate  of  learning  in  Spalding. 

Such  of  thefe  as  were  entered  at  large  in  the  Society's  mi- 
nute books,  we  have  been  enabled,  by  favour  of  Mr.  Johnfon's 
nephew,  the  prefent  treafurer  to  this  Society,  to  annex  to  this 
hiftory. 

His  hiftory  of  England  by  coins,  Scc.  from  the  Conqueft  to  the 
Diftblution,  including  an  hiftory  of  Sj^alding,  occupies  gj;^at  part 
of  the  4th  volume  of  the  minutes. 

By  thefe  communications  Mr.  Johnfon  endeavoured  to  excite  a 
fpirit  of  enquiry,  thougl.  he  laments  about  10  years  before  his 
death"*  the  difficulty  of  keeping  np  fuch  an  inftitution  in  the 
corner  of  a  county  where  he  had  eftabliflied  it,  and  of  inducing 
the  members  to  give  their  own  thoughts  on  any  fubjecfl,  either  in 
the  way  of  their  own  profeffion,  or  their  more  relaxed  ftudies. 
A  melancholy  truth,  too  applicable,  with  the  reft  of  his  obferva- 
tions  in  the  fame  letter,  to  fome  other  literary  focieties. 

"*  See  letter  to  Dr.  Birch,  Rcliq.  Gale^anae,  p.  402. 

e  AH 


xViii  HISTORY    OP    THE    G  E  N  T  L  E  M  E  N  'S 

All  that  has  hitherto  been  piibliflied  of  his  compofitions  is 
in  the  Phil.  Tranf.  N°  461,  Vol.  XLI.  p.  804.  his  account  of 
an  earthquake  at  Scarborough,  Dec.  29,  1737. 

hi  the  Archceologia  I.  30,  31.  are  printed  his  letter  to  Mr.  New, 
qivinf)-an  account  of  the  regifters  of  the  See  of  Lincoln,  which 
begin  earlier  than  thofe  of  our  metropolitical  churches,  viz.  at 
1209,  and  reaching  to  1608,  in  good  prefervation  and  order,  and 
thofe  of  the  dean  and  chapter  from  1 304  downwards  :  and 
Lis  letter  to  Mr.  Bogdani,  Oi5f.  7,  1741,  on  aix  -extraordi- 
nary interment  of  a  human  bexiy  in  leather  found  at  the  Weft 
end  of  the  cathedral  of  Lincoln,  Sept.  28,  that  year.  The  en- 
quiries from  Lincoln  addreffed  to  the  Spalding  Society  produced 
there  a  difcourfe  on  the  various  methods  of  preferving  dead 
bodies  in  different  nations".  From  the  Spalding  minutes  it 
appears  that  this  difcourfe  was  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Johnfon. 

Dr.  Stukeley  infcribes  thefirft  Iter  inhis  Ilinerarium  Curiofum, 
which  he  flyles//t'r  Domejlicum,  to  Maurice  Johnfon,  "  on  account, 
fays  he,  "  of  an  early  acquaintance  and  famenefs  of  difpofition, 
which  advanced  our  friendfliip  into  that  confidence  which  induces 
me  to  prefix  your  name  to  this  little  fummary  of  what  has  occurred 
to  me  worth  mentioning  inournative  country,  ^o//^;/^/, in  Lincoln- 
fliire;  but  chiefly  intended  to  provoke  you  to  purfue  a  full  hiflory 
thereof,  who  have  fb  large  a  fund  of  valuable  papers  and  collec- 
tions relating  thereto  and  every  qualification  neceffary  for  the 
work"."  He  adds,  that  Mr,  Johnfon  firft  introduced  him  to 
the  Society  at  London.  A  copy  of  the  Itinerary,  with  confide- 
rable  MS.  additions  by  Mr.  Johnfon,  is  fuppofed  to  be  ftill  in  the 
hands  of  his  family.     The  annexed  not  inelegant  copy  of  verfes, 

'  A.  S.  min.  1746. 
•  It.  Cur.  1.  1.  3- 

writtea. 


SOCIETY    AT     SPALDING. 


ma 


written  by  Mr.  Jolinibn  in  the  note  below  p,  is  among  the  other 
tributes  of  friendfliip  prefixed  to  the  Itinerary. 

Mv.  Johnfon  acquired  general  efteem  from  the  franknefs  aud 
benevolence  of  his  charadter,  which  difplayed  itfeif  not  kls  in  16- 
cial  life  than  in  the  communication  of  his  literary  refearcheb. 
Strangers  who  applied  to  him  for  information,  though  without 
any  introdudlion  except  what  arofe  from  a  genuine  thirft  for 
knowled;^e  congenial  with  his  own,  failed  not  to  experience  the 
hofpitality  of  his  board.  Whilft  their  fpirit  of  curiofity  was 
fealted  by  the  liberal  converfation  of  the  man  of  letters,  their  fo- 
cial  powers  were  at  the  fame  time  gratified  by  the  hofpitable 
franknefs  of  the  benevolent  Englifliman.  A  trilling  anecdote,  of 
the  truth  of  which  I  have  been  well  afflued,  mav  ferve  to  illuftrate 
the  juftice  of  this  remark.  PI.  XX.  of  Simon's  feals,  &c.  en- 
graved by  Vertue,  confifts  of  medals  of  generals  Lambert  and 
Rolliter*',  James  Afli  and  Charles  Seton,  fecond  earl  of  Dumfer- 
line.  Thefe  were  in  the  poffeflion  of  Mr.  Johnfon.  A  gentle- 
man from  London,  unknown  to  the  pofleflbr,  took  a  journey  to 
Spalding  on  purpofe  to  be  gratified  with  the  infpecStion  of  one  of 

'  In  Itinerarium  Curiofiim  amici  fui  chariffimi  viri  doftiffimi  &  CI.  Domini  Gulielmi 
Stukeleii,  M.  D.  C.  M.  L.  S.  R.  S.  &  Antiquar.  Secretar. 

O  Jane  bifrons !  Temporis  inclyte  Ncc  veftra  omittitpagina  Saxonera, 

Vindex  remoti,  de  fuperis  videns  Sica  timendum,  relligionibus 
Poll:  terga  folus,  nunc  adefto,e:  Valde  revinftum:  bellicofis 

Egregium  tueare  am'icum,  Horribllemve  Dacum  carinis. 

Opulque.     Templi  janua  fit  tua  Nee  tu  recondisfaftafilentio 

Serata,  dum  ex  his  noftra  quietior  Prceclara  Normanni  immemor  inclyti ; 
Difcat  juventus  quid  avorum  Quornm  omnium  eft  imbucus  An|;Ius 

Indomitce  potuere  dextgne.  Sanguine,  moribus,  &  vigore. 

Quicquid  Britannus  ferre  recufans  Qux  mira  doftus  condidit  artifex 

Servile  coUo  Romulidum  jugum,  Excelfa  prifcl  moenia  feculi. 

Terra  fua  contentus  egit.  Qua;  itrata,  pontes,  templa,  caftra, 

Artibus  ingenitis  bcatu*.  Amphithora,  afarota,  turres 

Quicquid  Quirites  gentibus  afperi?  Plaudit  fibl  jam  magna  Britannia ; 

Cultus  renidens  tradere  providi.  Antiqua  fplendet  gloria  denuo. 
Vi(floriara,  Mufafque  &  artes,  Chartts  refurgit  Stivccleij, 

Arma  fimul  rapiente  dextra.  Cdfa  canens  iterum  triumphos. 

*  KoiTiter  was  a  Lincolnlhire  man,  born  at  Somerbf.    See  Minutes,  p.  S7' 

c  2  thefe 


3CX  H  I  S  1'  O  R  Y    OF    THE     GENTLE  M  EN'S 

iVicfc  medals ;  which  he  ever  after  mentioned  ^vith  pleafure,  and 
coniidered  himfelf  moft  amply  repaid  for  the  troid^le  of  his  jour- 
ney by  his  introdu6lion  to  fo  polite  and  univerfal  a  fcholar,  and 
by  the  very  kind  reception  he  met  with  during  his  refidence  at 
Spalding.  It  appears  alfo  from  the  Minutes  of  the  Society,  that 
Mr.  Johnfon  gave  the  original  medal  of  general  Lambert,  by 
old  SvmouM,  having  behind  the  head  J.  Lambert,  and  en- 
graved by  Vertnc,   to  a  gentleman  of  his  name  and  family,  1 7  i  2. 

The  following  elogium  on  him  by  Dr.  Stukeley,  is  tranfcribcd 
from  the  original  in  the  Minutes  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries: 

"  Maurice  Johnfon,  Efq.  of  Spalding  in  Lincolnfliire,  Coun- 
fellor  at  Law,  a  fluent  orator,  and  of  eminence  in  his  profeffion  ; 
one  of  the  lalf  of  the  founders  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  1 7  I7> 
except  Br.  Willis  and  W.  Stukeley ;  Founder  of  the  Literary  Society 
at  Spalding  Nov.  3,  1712,  which,  by  his  unwearied  endeavours, 
intereft  and  applications  in  every  kind,  infinite  labours  in  writing, 
colleding,  methodizing,  has  now  [1755]  fubfifted  40  years  in 
great  reputation,  and  excited  a  great  fpirit  of  learning  and  curio- 
fity  in  South  Holland.  They  have  a  public  library,  and  all  con- 
veniences for  their  weekly  meeting.  JMr.  Johnfon  was  a  great 
lover  of  gardening,  and  had  a  fine  colletTtion  of  plants  and  an  ex- 
cellent cabinet  of  medals.  He  colledled  large  memoirs  for  the 
Hirtory  of  Caraufius,  all  which  with  his  coins  of  that  Prince  he 
fent  to  me,  particularly  a  brafs  one  which  he  fuppofed  his  fon, 
refcmbiing  thole  of  young  Tctricus.  A  good  radiated  caes 
SPFA.  Rev.  a  woman  holds  a  cornucopias,  refting  her  triht 
hand  on  a  pillar  or  rudder  locis  or  cislo.  In  general  the 
antiquities  of  the  great  mitred  priory  of  Spalding,  and  of  this 
part  of  Lincolnfiiire,  are  for  ever  obliged  to  the  care  and  dili- 
gence of  Maurice  Johnfon,  who  has  refcued  them  from  oblivion." 

\h\  Johnfon's  arms,  confifting  of  1 2  quarterings,  with  an 
cfcutchcon  of  pretence  of  4  coats :  Creft,.  a  pair  of  wings  ifTu- 
ii"»g  from  a  coronet  j  fupported  by  Mercury  holding  his  caduccus 

'     '  and 


SOCIETY    AT    SPALDING.  rxl 

and  plummet,  aud  a  female  figure  holding  the  fafces  and  a  mural 
crown  :  Motto,  Excitent,  and  infcription  lAPElH  ^okiuqiq  o  k. 
<l>IAOnATPIA;   engraved  by  Vertue,  has  this  fubfcription, 

«'  M.  Johnfon,   Hon.  Soc.  I.  TempU  &:  Antiq.  Lond.  S.  &:  Gen- 
"  Spald.  S.  InlL  &  Sec.    1735." 

Maurice  Johnfon,  efq;  was  in  the  latter  part  of  his  life  attacked 
with  a  vertiginous  diforder  in  his  head,  which  frequently  inter- 
rupted his  ftudies,  and  at  laft  put  a  period  to  his  life  on  the  6tli 
day  of  February,  1755. 

The  family  of  Johnson  w^as  much  diftinguiflied  in  the  laft 
century  '.  Maurice's  great  uncle  William  was  regifter  of  the  ec- 
clefiaftical  court  at  Bedford,  and  created  a  notary  public  by  arch- 
bhliop  Juxon,  1661.  Mr.  Henry  Johnfon  of  the  fame  family 
had  a  handfome  feat  at  Great  Berkhamil:ead,  c.  Herts  ;  was  bailiff 
of  that  honor  under  the  Prince  of  Wales  as  Duke  of  Cornwall, 
and  gamekeeper  to  feveral  of  the  prince's  royalties.  At  Berk- 
hamftead  were  half  length  portraits  of  his  grandfather  o/d  Henry 
Johnfon  and  his  lady,  and  Sir  Charles  and  lady  BickerftafF, 
and  their  daughter,  who  was  mother  to  Sir  Henry  Johnfon, 
and  to  Benjamin  Johnfon,  Efq.'  poet  laureat  to  James  I.  Sii 
Henry  is  painted  in  a  red  velvet  chair,  with  books  about  him, 
a  fluted  column  at  his  right  hand,  feftoons  of  vines  and  grapes 
at  his  left,  and  a  gold  curtain  drawn  behind  him,  a  half  length, 
by  Frederick  Zuccharo  ;   efteemed  capital. 

The  family  of  Johnfon  were  alfo  allied  to  Sir  Matthew  Gamlin, 
to  Sir  John  Oldfield,  to  the  Wingfields  of  Tickencoat^,  to  the 
I^ynns  of  Southwick",  and  to  many  other  families  of  note  and  conr 
fideration  in  the  neighbourhood.  Mr. 

■■  R.  Johnfon  citizen  and  merchant  of  Lincoln,  founded  3  kal.  Jan.  1347,  a 
chauntry  in  the  chapel  of  the  Blefied  Virgin  Mary  built  by  him  in  the  South  llde  of 
the  chancel  of  St.  Peter  Wykford,  Lincoln,  for  one  chaplain  to  fay  daily  mafs  for 
him  and  his  wives  Anne  and  Cicely.      Richard  Johnfon  was  fheriftof  Lincoln  1506. 

*  See  note  A  and  C  in  his  anicle  in  Biographia  Britannica.  1  he  poet  ipeh  hi% 
name  Jonfim,  agreeable  to  the  orthography  of  that  age. 

'  John  Wingficld,  lord  of  the  manor  of  Spalding,  was  of  Hertford  ('ollege,  1753. 

"  George  Lynn,  cfq_.  of  liouth'A'ick,  co.  No.thampton,  aad  of  riiuton,  co.  Lik-x, 

C:arri«d 


sx'ri  HISTORY    OF    THE     GENTLE  M  E  N  'S 

Mr.  Jobnfon  married  early  in  life  a  daughter  of  Jolliua  An>- 
bler,  Elq.  of  Spalding.  She  was  the  grand-daughter  of  Sir  An- 
thony Oldlicld,  and  lineally  defcended  from  Sir  Thomas  Grefliam, 
•the  founder  of  Grefliam  college  and  of  the  Royal  Exchange,  Lon- 
don. By  this  lady  he  had  26  children,  of  whom  16  fat  do^vn 
together  to  his  table.  Of  his  fons,  the  eldeft,  Maurice,  was  a 
lieutenant  in  the  duke  of  Cumberland's  regiment  of  foot  guards, 
and  ferved  under  his  royal  highnefs  in  1747  in  Flanders  ;  from 
whence  he,  being  a  good  draughts- man",  fent  to  his  father  and  to 
the  Society,  whereof  he  was  a  member,  feveral  drawings  of  coins, 
8cc.  fome  drawings  of  Roman  antiquities  at  Nimeguen,  three 
Itatues,  in  length  about  20  inches,  of  Jupiter  fitting  between 
^fculapius  and  Minerva,  five  fepulchral  infcriptions  for  fol- 
diers  of  Leg.  X.  Gcnn.  two  votive  altars  to  Jupiter,  one  to 
Minerva  by  a  //^v>.  colon.  Morinorum^  facer dos  Romtv  ^  ^ng. 
one  in  honour  of  Trajan ;  alfo  an  ancient  painting  of  Mars  in 
Batoburg  caftle,  five  miles  from  Grave,  taken  out  of  his  temple 
there.  He  was  afterwards  a  colonel  in  the  fame  regiment  of 
foot  guards,  and  now  refides  at  Spalding  ^j  and  has  two  fons  and 
three  daughters. 

Walter,  the  fecond  fon  of  the  founder  of  this  fociety,  was  called 
to  the  degree  of  barrifter  at  law,  and  admitted  F.  A.  S.  1 749,  and 
treafurer  of  the  Society  at  Spalding,  where  he  pra6tifed  in  full 
bufinefs,  and  died  1779,  leaving  only  one  fon,  Fairfax,  who  is 
now  living  at  Spalding,  to  whom  we  are  obliged  for  this  account 
of  his  family.  The  third,  Martin,  was  in  the  navy,  and  died  young. 
The  fourth,  John,  was  educated  at  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge  % 

married  a  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Bellamy,  knt.  lord  mayor  of  London  i7;js'>  by 
whom  he  became  polIeiTed  of  Frinton,  now  or  late  in  the  hands  of  Mrs.  Bellamy. 
(Morant's  Effex,  L  480.)  Another  of  Sir  Edward's  daughters  married  Maurice 
Johnfon,  efq.  (lb.  IL  192.) 

"  Mr.  Johnfon  taught  all  his  children  to  draw  at  the  fame  time  that  he  taught 
then  to  write.       Reliq.  Gal.  p.  +07, 

yHis  eldest  fon  Maurice,  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  M.  A. 
is  mmif^er  of  Spalding,  and  vicar  of  Moulton  near  Spalding.  His  youngefl  fon, 
Wahcr,  is  lieutenant  in  the  third  or  Prince  of  Wales's  regiment  of  Dragoon  guards. 

'  When  Mr.  Johnfon  brought  him  to  be  admitted  at  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, in  Oftober  1 740,  he  was  (hewn  the  Public  Library  by  Dr.  Taylor  their  Re- 

giftcr. 


SOCIETY      AT      SPALDING.  xxlii 

ordained  deacon  and  curate  of  Ramfey  in  the  connty  of  Hanting- 
don,  1745  (of  which  church  he  then  fent  an  account  to  the 
Society),  afterwards  vicar  of  Moulton,  which  is  in  the  gift  of  the  fa- 
mily, minirter  of  Spalding,  and  F.  A.  S.  1748,  and  prelident  of  this 
Society  1757,  about  which  time  he  died.  His  fifth  and  youngeft 
fon,  Henry-Euftace,  was  a  fatflor  in  the  fervice  of  the  Kail:  India 
company,  and  F.  A. S.  1750,  and  died  at  the  ifland  of  St.  Helena. 
He  had  alfo  fix  daughters,  who  lived  to  maturity,  five  of  whom 
were  married.  Jane,  the  eldert,  married  Dr.  Green  %  who 
pradifed  phyfic  with  great  eminence  at  Spalding. 

The  fccond  married  Mr.  Butter,  a  merchant,  who  retired  to 
Spalding,  and  died  there.  Catharine  married  Mr.  Lodge,  vicar 
of  Moulton.  Henrietta  died  fingle.  Mary  married  Mr.  Maclel- 
lan,  recftor  of  Stratton  in  the  county  of  Durham,  and  fchool- 
mafter  of  Spalding;  and  Anne-Alethea ''  married  Mr.  Wallea 
of  Jamaica,  and  left  a  daughter  inarried  to  Mr.  Stuart,  of  Long 
Melford,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk. 

The  founder's  uncle  Martin  Johnfon,  efq.  of  Spalding,  married 
a  daughter  of  John  Lynn,  efq.  of  Southwick,  in  the  county  of 
Northampton,  by  whom  he  had  a  fon  and  a  daughter.  His  fon 
Walter  was  educated  at  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  took  the 
degree  of  LL.B.  and  was  promoted  1737  to  the  re<j;i:ory  of  Red- 
raarfliall  in  the  county  of  Durham,  where  he  died.  He  was  one 
of  the  original  members  of  the  Spalding  Society,  171  2.  He 
left  one  daughter  and  one  fon,  George,  who  is  living,  and  an 
honorary   member  of  clie  fame    fociety.      He  was   educated    at 

gifler,  and  among  the  reft  the  Pai-is  Bible  of  1476,  in  which  the  date  had  been  artfully 
altered  to  1^164,  without  having  occafioned  any  doubt.  Dr.  Taylor  wrote  a  letter 
about  it  to  lord  Oxford,  ftating  and  debating  the  date,  and  rcftoring  the  Colophon, 
which  was  rafc-d,  its  true  date  being  1^75-6.  Mr.  Johnfon  appriled  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  of  it,  and  Mr.  Ames,  to  whom  he  gave  a  copy,  with  hisovifn,  Mr.  Bell's, 
and  other  MS.  notes.  See  Clement,  Bihlioth.  Curieufe.  Mr.  Johnfon,  who  to  the 
abilities  of  a  fcholar  and  antiquary  joined  the  coup  d'oeil  vif  ti  iumincnx  of  a  man 
of  bufinefs,  immediately  cried  out,  "  A  rank  and  palpable  forgery  1"  and  from  that 
moment  neither  Dr.  Taylor,  nor  any  one  elfe,  had  the  lend  doubt.  Since  that  time 
the  two  editions,  have  lain  together  ;  and  the  late  Under  Librarian  regularly  told  the 
ftoryto  all  vifitors.     See  the  Origin  of  Printing,  pp.  106.   172.  279. 

*  They  had  one  fon. 

^  Many  neat  fpecimens  of  this  lady's  drawings  .'\ppear  in  the  Minutes. 

.1  Durham 


xxW     HISTORY    OF    THE    SPALDING    SOCIETY. 

Durham  fchool  and  Magdalen  college,  Oxford,  of  which  he  was 
fellow;  and  has  fin ce  been  promoted  to  the  vicarage  of  Norton, 
in  the  county  of  Durham,  and  to  the  re<ftory  of  Lofthoiife,  in 
Yorkfliire;  and  in  1781  collated  by  bifliop  Thurlow  to  a  pre- 
bend in  the  cathedral  church  of  Lincoln''. 

Another  of   Mr.    Johnfon's    relations  was   prefident  of  the 
Afliento  at  Panama ". 

Mr.  Johnfon  alfo  claimed  a  relation  in  blood  to  that  moft  ex- 
cellent and  learned  divine  the  Rev.  Robert  Johnfon.  S,  T.  B.  arch- 
deacon of  Leicefter,  and  canon  of  Windfor,  and  fometime  pre- 
bendary of  Rochefter  and  Norwich,  and  honorary  fellow  of  Jefus 
College,  Oxford,  though  bred  in  Sidney  College,  Cambridge  ; 
re£tor  of  North  LufFenham  in  Rutlandfliire,  and  founder  of  the 
free  grammar  fchool  of  Oakham  and  Uppingham  in  the  faid 
county.  This  munificent  gentleman  was  fon  of  Maurice  Johnfon, 
efq.  thrice  alderman  (the  title  of  the  then  chief  magiftrate)  of  the 
corporation  of  Stamford  in  the  county  of  Lincoln,  and  reprefen- 
tative  in  parliament  for  that  borough  with  David  Cecil,  lord  trea- 
furer  Burleigh's  grandfather,  1 4  Henry  VI fL  1523  ^.  This  reve- 
rend perfon  flopped  not  at  founding  thefe  cofl:ly  feminaries, 
wherein  Hebrew,  Greek,  and  Latin  were  taught,  but  entirely  at 
his  own  coll  gave  and  fettled  four  exhibitions  in  Sidney  college 
for  the  mofl  deferving  youth  educated  in  thefe  fchools.  He 
founded  alfo  and  endowed  an  hofpital  for  poor  at  each  of  the  faid 
towns  of  Oakham  and  Uppingham,  and  fettled  an  annual  ftipend 
on  a  preacher  at  St.  Paul's,  and  left  his  fon  and  heir  an  eftate  of 
1  000/.  a  year. 

The  common  feal  of  the  governors  of  thefe  free  grammar- 
fchools  reprefents  a  fchoolmaller  fitting  at  a  table  furrounded  by 
his  fcholars,  and  circumfcribed 

SIG.     COM.      GVBERN.    SCHOLARIVM.  OKEHAM.  ET.  VFPINGHAM. 
IN.   COM.    RVTL. 

*  He  lent  the  Society,  1753,  ^°  account  of  an  inundation  at  Yarm,  in  the  county 
cf  Diuhani,  17153.  '  See  p.  290. 

"*  Browne  Willis's  MS.  Colkflions  Not.  Pari,  penes  M.  Johnfon,  Wood's  Fafti 
Ox.  722,  fub  anno  1569.  Fnlicr's  Worth.  Line.  p.  169,  A.D.  1616.  Burton's 
l,nceltlh.  p.  5.  MS.  Mem.  of  Johnfon.  MS,  Coll.  M.  Johnfon,  lub  eifd.  tenjp. 
Wriglit's  Ruiliuid,  p.  38. 

APPENDIX. 


APPENDIX. 


A        T        U         T        E 


OF       THE 


SPALDING        SOCIETY. 

Proposals  for  eftablifliing  a  Society  of  Gentleaien  for  the  fup— 
porting  mutvial  benevolence,  and  their  improvement  in  the 
Liberal  Sciences  and  PoHte  Learning.. 

T  HAT  the  perfons  who  fign  thefe  propofals,  and  none  other  % 
be  efteemed  of  the  Society. 

That  they  choofe  a  Prefident  monthly,  to  moderate  in  all  difr 
putes,  and  read  all  papers  whatfoever  aloud  t. 

That  they  meet  every  Monday \  at  Mr.  Toun^er\'^  Coffee- 
Moufe  in  Spalding,  at  tmo  §  in  the  afternoon,  from  September  to 
May,,  and  in  the  other  months  at  foiir^  unlefs  detained  by  bull- 
nefs  of  moment  or  indifpofition,,  under  pain  of  forfeiting  tM'o- 
pence  a  time  for  a  fund  for  books,  Sec.  except  thofe  who  live 
three  miles  off  from  Spalding. 

ALTERATIONS    MADE    FROM    TIME    TO    TIME. 
*  Members  enlarged  to  fuch  as  conform  to  the  rules. 
•f'  Reading  became  the  bufinefs  of  the  firO:  Secretary. 
j  Changes  to  Wednefday,  and  afterwards  to  Thurfda}'.,. 
H- Removed  as  occafion  required. 
§■  Altered  to/s.vr, 

aia*-  That 


ii  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY    OF 

That  he  who  is  ubfent  four  Mondays  together*-  fliall  on  the 
fifth  communicate  to  the  Society  fomething  new  or  curious,  with 
an  excufe  for  abfenting,  upon  pain  of  being  ftruck  out  of  this 
eilabliflmient,  if  the  majority  ol  gentlemen  then  prefent  vote  it  fo; 
or  pay  lix-pence  t,  to  be  put  to  a  fund  to  buy  book,  Sic. 

IS'Ovember  3,    1712.      We  do  approve  of  tl.efe  Propofals, 
and  agree  to  obferve  them  as  Members  of  the  Society. 

William  Ambler,  John  Brittain, 

Waltp.r  Johnson,  Stephen  Lyon, 

Joshua  Ambler,  Maurice  Johnson, 

John  Johnson,  Edward  Molesworth, 

Francis  Bellinger,  Maurice  Johnson,  jun. 

Aaron  Lynn,  John  Waring. 

The  mutual  injunvftions  of  the  Society  agreed  to  on  Wednefday 
January  13,  17,4. 

The  Society  thus  formed,  elecfted  the  Rev.  Stephen  Lyon  firft 
Prefident  for  the  month  of  November  1712. 

Mr.  Ambler  took  up  the  propofals  from  off  the  table  on  which 
they  lay,  and  delivered  them  to  him  in  the  name  of  the  Society. 

January  26,  177},  William  Ambler,  efq.  Prefident,  eletfled  for 
the  month  of  January  now  expiring. 

Rev.  Mr.  Waring  Prefident  for  February. 

RULES    and    ORDERS   made    1725. 

The  regular  members  are  obliged  in  all  things  by  the  rules 
and  orders,  whether  prefent  or  abfent. 

The  honorary  only  when  prefent  at  the  place  where  the  So- 
ciety meet,  every  Thurfday  afternoon,  from  four  to  ten  in  winter, 
and  five  to  ten  in  fummer. 

*  Afterwards  abolifhcd  ;   only,   on  Sir  Ilaac  Newton's  earnefl  recommendaclon, 
every  member  ur<red  to  be  commuuicative. 
•    +  Penalty  aboliflieJ  afterwards.  ts     • 

The 


THE   GENTLEMEN'S    SOCIETY    AT   SPALDING,    lii 

The  members  names  prefent  to  be  entered  by  the  Secretary  and 
Treafurer  :  every  perlbn  (except  for  the  firfl  time,  and  except 
the  le6lurer)  to  pay  one  Ihilhng  at  each  Society  for  defraying 
common  expences,  viz.  of  the  room,  garden,  coffee,  tea,  cho- 
cholate,  wine,  cyder,  ale,  coals,  candies,  pipes  and  tobacco, 
fniiff,  and  attendance. 

The  regular  members  to  pay  moreover  one  fliilling  per  month 
to  the  fund,  to  be  employed  as  ordered  by  the  Society  ;  the  Trea- 
furer to  collect  this  annually,  and  to  account  the  firft  Society  in 
January. 

Any  five  regular  members,  within  due  hours,  and  at  the  pro- 
per place,  make  a  Society  for  doing  any  thing  material. 

Thefe  rules  and  orders  not  to  be  altered,  no  new  to  be  made, 
nor  any  gentleman  to  be  admitted  a  member,  nor  any  thing  ma- 
terial to  be  determined,  but  by  ballot  only. 

Any  thing  material  therefore  defired  to  be  done  by  the  Society 
muft  be  propofed  firft  by  fome  regular  member,  and  the  propo- 
fition  entered  by  the  Secretary  ;  and  at  the  next  Society  the  pro- 
pofltion  muft  be  by  him  made  plainly  and  in  few  words,  and 
ever  in  the  affirmative,  and  then  ballotted  by  every  regular  mem- 
ber only  then  prefent,  and  if  it  be  for  a  new  member  in  his  ab- 
fence;  and  when  the  number  of  regular  members  prefent  is  even, 
the  Prefident  or  Vice-Prefident  to  have  two  balls,  and  firft  of  all 
to  put  both  into  the  ballotting  box. 

Every  perfon  admitted  a  member  to  prefent  the  library  with 
fome  book  or  books,  and  therein  his  name  and  title  or  addition 
to  be  entered  as  our  benefador. 

No  perfon  is  to  talk  politicks  at  this  Society,  neither  is  any 
political  or  party  paper,  or  any  thing  againft  the  reading  of  which 
any  regular  member  objeds,  to  be  read  ;  otherwife  every  member 
to  communicate  whatever  is  ufeful,  new,  uncommon,  or  curious 
in  any  art  or  fcience. 

a  a  a  The 


iv  APPENDIX    TO     THE     HISTORY     OT 

The  Prefident  to  moderate  in  difputes,  and  prevent  difagree- 
ment,  and  to  pay  the  compUinents  of  the  Society  ;  in  his  abfence, 
the  Vice-Prefident,  who  is  the  fenior  regular  member,  to  take 
the  chair  as  foon  as  any  five  regular  members  are  met,  until  the 
Prefident  comes,   and  in  his  abl'ence  for  that  Society. 

The  Treafurer  to  receive  and  keep  the  fund  and  ueekly  pay- 
ments, and  enter  receipts  and  payments,  and  to  pay  only  what 
Is  ordered  upon  ballot. 

The  Secretary  to  procure  and  keep  books,  papers,  &c.  as 
ballotted,  and  what  is  communicated  and  given  to  the  Society, 
and  to  enter  the  minutes,  efpecialiy  the  (jueilions  and  propofals 
of  the  regular  members,  and  fome  fliort  account  of  what  is  com- 
municated, and  of  what  is  prefented  to  the  Society,  and  by  whom, 
and  when,   and  to  put  the  queition  or  propofal  for  the  ballot. 

If,  upon  the  Prelident  or  Vice  Prelident's  endeavouring  to  mo-r 
derate  in  any  difpute,  any  one  perlift  in  his  argument,  it  thall  be 
forthwith  balloted,  that  fuch  perfon  be  therefore  ordered  to  with- 
draw for  that  Society. 

That  as  the  prefervation  and  augmentation  of  the  libraries  has 
been  very  much  the  care  of  the  Society,  and  the  fchool-mafter 
and  ledlurer  have  each  of  them  a  key  to  the  claiTes  as  deputies  to 
the  Miniller,  who  is  keeper  of  the  publick  library  ;  in  confide- 
ration  of  the  Ledlurer's  care  in.  fetting  down  the  books  lent  out 
and  replacing  them  when  returned,  he  be  exempt  from  all  pay- 
ments to  the  Treafurer. 

Ordered  for  this  purpofe  there  is  a  lending  book  kept  open  in 
the  library  with  tables  on  the  claffes,  and  he  hath  a  catalogue  of 
all  the  books  both  in  thofe  claffes  and  in  the  free-fchool,  marked 
with  S.  S.  Scb.  Spald.   which  are  chiefly  grammar  and  clafficks. 

That  a  mufeum,  wherein  the  library,  &c.  and  the  Society 
meetings  might  be  kept,  be  procured,  that  the  Society  may 
meet  more  conveniently,  and  the  things  be  kept  together  ready 
for  ufe. 

The 


THE    GENTLEMEN'S    SOCIETY    AT    SPALDING,      v 

The  catalogue  of  the  libraries,  &c.  to  be  printed  and  publiHied. 
This  to  be  fuperfeded  till  we  can  acquire  a  mufeum. 

A  correfpondence  to  be  kept  up  with  foreign  members,  &c. 
This  was  upon  Sir  Ifaac  Newton's  advice. 

That  the  Bibllotbeca  Biblica,  Bibllotheca  Uteraria.,  and  Memoirs 
of  Literature^  be  taken  in, 

That  an  account  be  conftantly  taken  to  anfwer  Dr.  Jurin's 
Invitatio  ad  Objervationem  Meteorum,  the  Docflor  being  a  member, 
and  generouily  prelenting  the  Society  with  the  Philofophical 
Tranfad:ions  as  they  come  out.  This  has  been  hitherto  done  ac- 
cui'ately  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Howard. 

Rules   and  Orders   in    1745. 

The  firft  five  regular  refident  members  conftantly  contributing 
to  the  neceffary  expences  of  this  Society,  when  met  together  at 
the  Mufeum  on  Thurfdays  between  four  and  ten  o'clock  in  the 
af  en-con,  forma  Society;  the  President,  or  in  his  abfence  the - 
fenior  of  fuch  members  in  athriiilion  (not  an  officer  of  the  So- 
ciety) to  take  the  chair  and  adf  as  PreHdent  in  his  al)fence.  Tliut 
this  fenioritv  may  be  afcertained,  fuch  members'  times  of  admil- 
lion  are  fet  down  after  their  names  in  the  lift  of  the  members. 

The  aimiverfary  of  the  inftitution-  of  this   Society  to  be  cele- 
brated at  the  town-hall  in  Spalding  on  the  third  Thurfday  in  the  - 
month  of  Auguft,   being  the  place  and  time  moft  fuitable  lor  fo- 
mii^h  good-  company,   and  to  Dr.  Heighington   and  the  gentle- 
men of  the  concert,   who,   in  confideration  of  uling  our  rooms,  - 
then  ol)lige  the  Society  and  tiie  ladies  and  gentlemen  they  .in\ite 
with  nuiiick. 

The  books  of  divinity,   cccleiiaftical  hiftory,    moral  philofophy, 
and  fuch  like,   to  be  kept  in  the  clafles  in  the  veftiary  of  the  pre-, 
fent  parifli  church  of  Spalding  ;    claftlcal   and  grammatical  books 
ill  thofe  in    tlie.  free,  grammar-fchool  there  ;   the  reft,   with  all   ■ 

Is;:"'--     , 


<v\  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY    OF 

MS3.  charts,  maps,  plans,  drawings,  prints,  coins,  calls,  carv- 
ings, and  other  curiofities  in  nature  or  art,  purchaied  by  or  be- 
kftowed  on  this  Society  lb  long  as  it  lafts  (which  God  give  conti- 
nuance to),  to  be  kept  in  the  claiTcs  in  its  mufeum  under  the 
rules  and  direction  of  this  Society,  regulating  the  fame  by  the 
itatute  7  Ann,  cap.  14.  If  and  when  it  may  no  longer  be  kept 
up,   then  all  to  be  repofited  in  the  faid  church  or  fchool. 

Thefe  rules  are  not  to  be  altered,  nor  any  new^  made,  unlefs 
firft  propofed  by  fome  regular  member  in  writing  in  the  affirma- 
tive, and  entered  in  the  minutes,  and  determined  on  ballot  at  the 
next  Society,  except  of  money  paid  for  the  Society,  for  which  its 
officers  are  a  council  and  ftanding  committee. 

Perfons  propoied  to  be  ele6ted  and  admitted  members  whofe 
names,  titles,  degrees,  and  places  of  refidence  muft  be  certified 
in  writing  by  the  regular  member  propofing  them,  with  any  two 
other  members  figning  alio  their  affent  thereto,  muft  be  minuted, 
:notified,  and  put  up  by  the  Secretary  at  the  two  next  fucceeding 
meetings,  and  be  balloted  on  the  third.  The  propoler  to  be  an- 
fwerable  for  the  donation  of  a  guinea,  or  to  that  value,  and  for 
the  I  z  firft  monthly  payments  of  fuch  perfon  propofed,  if  a  re- 
fident  and  elected  member,  at  1  2d.  a  month  ;  faving  of  all  noble- 
men and  gentlemen  invited  by  the  Society  to  become  members, 
and  of  all  foreigners,  for  the  honour  of  the  inftitution  and  carry- 
ing on  a  learned  correfpondence. 

Every  member  returned  in  arrear  by  the  Treafurer,  whereof 
he  craveth  and  hath  allowance  on  accounting,  to  be  ftruck  out,  or 
who  Ihall  prefume  any  way  premeditately  to  detriment  this 
Society. 

No  one  to  talk  politicks  or  difpute  about  religion,  otherwife  to 
commimicate  whatever  may  be  thought  ufeful  or  entertaining. 

March  30. 
To  meet  every  Monday  at  Mr.  Rhillon's,  Spalding. 

I  N.  B. 


THE    GENTLEMEN'S    SOCIETY    AT    SPALDING,      vii 

N.  B.   This  was   in  a  room  at  the  greateft  inn  in  the  town,- 
known  by  the  fign  of  the  White  Hart  fronn  the  time  of  king 
Richard  II.   and  was  fitted  up  for  this  piirpofe,   and  a  coffee-room, 
by  John  Rhifton  alias  Royfton,   who  then  kept  that  inn. 

Officers  of  the  Society  whenever  eledfed  to  continue  till  others 
are  chofen. 

Prefident  to  continue  a  year,  afterwards   as  long  as  he  flioiild 
behave  well,   and  fo  of  the  other  officers. 

The  Society  fhall  ever  be  as  voluntary  and  free  from  mulcts  ■ 
and  penal  imj^ofitions  as  may  be. 

No  paper  printed   or  written  to  be  read  if  oppofed  by  any 
member. 

Every  extra  regular  member  fliall  give  a  book  of  the  value  of  ^ 
one  pound  upon  his  admiffion,  and  be  no  further  charged  with- 
out h's  co.ifent  in  writing  ;   muft  be  chofe  by  the  whole  Society  ; 
may  be  repudiated  by  four  members,  or  may  relinquifli  if  three 
prefent. 

An  equal  contribution  by  all  members. 

All  papers  procvired  by  order  of  the  Society  to  be  kept  14  days 

in  Spalding;   and  after  being  read  by  the  Society,   every  member 

in  turn  may  have  them  at  home  two  days  each ;   then  they  may 

be  lent  out  to  fuch  perfons  as  will  fubfcnbe  towards  the  expence.  ~ 

Maurice  Johnfon  eledfed  Secretary. 


LIST' 


-^iii  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY    OF 


J.  1ST     OF     THE     FIRST     MEMBERS     OF     THE 
SPALDING     SOCIETY.      1712. 

Regular  Members. 

THJE  Rev.  Mr.  Stephen  Lyon  (a),  Nov.  3,   17 12.   Ufrag.  Acad.  A.  M. 

Spaldyng  et  Mereworth   Re£lor,    Librarius,  Prejtdens.    Died    Prelident 

Feb,  4,    1747-8. 
Jofliua  Ambler.  Nov.  3,    171  2.   Armiger^  Gulielmi filius  et  hares  apparens, 

Mifficcs  peril  us.  Died  1734(1^). 
Henry  Everard,  Jan.  4,  1720.    Sch.  Arithm.  et  Script.  Pr.  Calligracus  (f). 
Walter  Johnibti  (<^),  LL.B.  Nov.  3,  1712,  Chaplain  to  the  Duke  of  Buc- 

cleugh,   II.  B.  ScboL?  Spald.  Gubern.  Mufices  peritus. 
John  Johnlon,    of  the  Inner  Temple,  Steward   of  Kirkton  foke.  Nov.  3, 

171 2.  Armiger.   Int.   Templi  J.  C.  et  Rei  Antiq.   Studio/.   Soc.  ^hejau- 

rarius.  Clericus  Curi/V  Seicerar.  Died  1744(f). 
Maurice  Johnfon,  jun.  Nov.  3,  1712.  Ann.  Int.  Templi  J.  C.  et  Rei  Antiq. 

StudioJ.  Soc.  Sc.  Sp.  Gub.  Soc.  Seer. 
Robert  Mitchell,   M.  D.  Jan.  21,  1720.  M.  D.  Scoto-Bn'tamus,  et  Profef- 

Joris  Med.  Boerhaavii  Alumnui  (fj. 

{a)  A  Member  of  bodi  Univerfitics,  and  had  travelled  with  feveral  Noblemen. 

(/')  On  his  death  the  anniverfary  was  adjourned. 

{c)  Mailer  of  the  Petit  Scole. 

{d)  Rec\or  of  Redmarfl;all,  Durham.  He  is  called  uncle  to  Dr.  Green,  who  mar- 
ried a  daughter  of  Maurice  Johnfon,  and  vilited  him  at  Red  Marlhall,  1  744;  drew 
the  church  and  parlonage,  and  Claxton  chapel  adjoining,  where  is  a  marble  def;iced 
knight,  and  lady  with  a  remarkable  head-drels,  her  hair-cuihion  cut  high  on  each 
fide,  with  a  cawl  of  net-work  joined  with  fmall  rofes,  and  a  row  of  rofes  coming 
down  on  each  fide  her  face.  CK_Sir  Jeremy  de  Claxton?  (Dugd.  Bar.  I.  43) 
The  old  part  of  the  parfonage  houie  is  embattled,  and  has  a  tower  :  the  new  built, 
as  by  dace,  MDCXII.  over  which  are  the  arms  of  the  fee  of  Durham.  He  was 
eleifted  Treafurer  in   the   room  of  his  uncle  John,  Dec.  1745. 

((?)  His  judicious  introdudfion  to  a  MS  epitome  of  the  liiltory  of  Germany  and 
Houfe  of  Auftria,  1712,  with  this  motto: 

Bella  gcrant  alii,   tu  telix  Auftria  niibe  ; 
Quod  dat  Mars  aliis,    dat  Venus  alma  tibi, 
was  read  before  the  Society  1748.     He  was  alfo  F.  A.  S. 

(fJ  He  became  an  honorary  member  Sept.  19,  1728. 

Rev. 


THE  GENTLEMEN'S  SOCIETY  AT  SPALDING.        ix 

Rev.  Timothy  Neve,  A.  M.  Jan.  i,  1718.  Scb.  Reg.  Gram.  Spald.  Pr.  et 
Bibl.  Inibl  Libr.  Capell.  IVykham  Soc.  Tbefaurarius,  D.  D.  Arclidea- 
con  of  Huntingdon,  Canon  of  Lincoln,  Founder  of  Peterborough 
Society  {a). 

Captain  Francis  Pilliod.  Dec.  21,  17 19.  Died  1734. 

John  Richards.  Nov.  24,  1720. 

James  Rowland,  Gen.  Jan.  21,  1720.  Illujlrijf.  Due.  de  Monemutd  Dna 
Manerii  Spald.  Proc.  Arar'. 

George  Stevens,  Len.  Oft.  J9,  1721.  Died  1730. 

{a)  He  was  born  at  Wotton  in  the  parifh  of  Stanton  Lacy,  near  Ludlow  in 
Shropfhire,  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  was  fchool-mafter  of  Spalding, 
and  minor  canou  of  Peterborough,  where  he  was  a  joint  founder  of  "  The  Gentle- 
"  men's  Society,"  of  which  he  was  fecretary.    He  was  afterwards  prebendary  of  Lin- 
coln, archdeacon  of  Huntingdon,  and  recHior  of  Alwalton  in  Huntingdonfhire,  where 
he  died  and  was  buried.     In   1727,  he  communicated  an  effay  on   the  invention 
of   printing  and   our   firft  printers,    and    biftiop  Kennet's   donation  of  books  to 
Peterborough  cathedral.   In  the  firft  le:if  of  the  catalogue  (3  volumes  in  folio,  written 
neatly  in    '^ebifhop's  own  hand)  is  this  motto,    "  Upon   the  dunghill  was  found  a 
"  pearl.  Index  librorum  aliquot  vetujiijf.  quos  in  commune  honum  congejfit  IV.  K.  dec. 
"  Peterburg.  1712."     Thefe  books  are  kept  with  Dean  Lockyer's,  in  the  library  or 
Lady  Chapel,  behind  the  high  altar,  in  deal  preffes,  open  to  the  vergers  and  fex- 
tons.     In  the  late  repair  of  this  church,  one  of  the  noblefl;    monuments   of  our 
early  architefture,  this  benefaftor's  tomb  ftone  has  been  thruft  and  half  covered 
behind  the  altar,  and  nothing  marks  the  place  of  his  interment.  Mr.  Neve  waschaplaii 
to  and  patronifed  by  the  late  Dr.  Thomas,  bifhop  of  Lincoln,  and  publiftied  one  fer- 
mon,  being  his  firfl  vifitation  fermon,  intituled,  "  Teaching  with  Authority."     The 
text   Math.  vii.  28,   29.     He  fent  an   account,  1734,  of  great  improvements  mak- 
ing in  Peterborough  cathedral.     He  was  a  very  worthy  man,  and  married,   for  his 
fecond  wife,  Chrillina,  a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Greene,  of  Drinkftone  near 
Bury,  Suffolk,  and  filter  to  Lady  Davers  of  Rufhbrook.     His  fon  Timothy,  D.  D. 
a  native  of  Spalding,  and  member  of  the  Society,  was  fellow  of  Corpus   Chrifti 
college,  Oxford,  hut  is  chaplain  of  Merton,  and  reftor  of  Middleton  Storey  ia 
Oxfordfliire,  and  publifhed  a  fermon  preached  before  John  ear!  of  Weftmoreland, 
chancellor  of  the  Univerfity  of  Oxford,  upon   A61  Sunday,  July  8,   1759,  inti- 
tuled, "  The  comparative  BlefTmgs  of  Chriftianity,"  the  text  Ephel".  iv.  8.     "Ani- 
"  madverfions  on  I'hilips's  Life  of  Cardinal  Pole,  Oxford,  1766,"  8vo.  and  in  1781 
"  Eight  Sermons  preached  at  the  Le£lure  founded  by  the  late  Rev.  John  Bampton, 
"  M.  A.  canon  of  Salifbury." 


b  b  ExTRj 


X  APPENDIX     TO    THE    HISTORY    OF 

Extra  Regular  Members. 

William  Ambler,   E(q.  Nov,  3,    171 2.  Scholar.  Reg.  Gram.  Spald.  et  Mid- 

ton  Gubenu  ex  Depidacione  illujlrijjimi  Rob'ti  Ancafr.  et  Kejievln'ia  Ducis 

Corn,  Lincoln.  Miiituc  locum  tenens.    Died   1727. 
William  Atkinfon,  Treafiirer.  Feb.  17,  1713.   Died  061:.  28,  1719. 
Dr.  Francis   Bellinger,   Licenc.  of  Coll.    of  Phyf.  Nov.  3,  17 12.     Died 

Sept.  I  721. 
Peter  Bold,   Apothecary.  Dec.  31,  1719.  Died  Dec.  1720. 
George  Bolton,  Mafter  of  Merilton  School.   Aug.  18,  1720. 
Rev.  John   Britain,  Mafler  of  Holbeach   School,    and  perpetual   Curate 

or  Chaplain  of  Gedney  Fenn.  Apr.  8,  17 14.   Died  1723. 
William  Clarke  (rt),  M.  A.  Fellow  of  St.  John's  Cambridge.  Jan.  i,  171  8. 
Rev.  Aaron  Lawfon,  perpetual  Curate  or   Chaplain  of  Cowbitt.  Nov.  ^^ 

1712. 
Maurice  Johnfon,  Sen.  Steward  of  the  Courts  of  Spalding.  Nov.  3,  1712. 

Died  Nov,  8,  1747,  aged  S6  (^). 
Walter  Lynn,    M.  D.  (c)  Nov.  7,  171  2. 
George  Lynn  of  Southwicke,  Efq.  Dec.  9,   I7i9(^)- 

Hon. 

(-s)  Rcftor  of  Buxted,    Suffex,  chancellor  of  the  church  of  ChichcHer,  &c.     He 
died  1771.     Sec  pp.  96.  391  ;  and  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  pp.  28.  509. 
(^b)  Father  of  the  founder. 

(<r)  Inventor  of  the  Nyflopfia,  M.  B.  Performer  in  Mufic,  and  author  of  "  A  Dif- 
"  fertation  on  the  true  and  fafeft  Method  of  treating  the  Diftemper  of  the  Small  Pox, 
"as  ufed  in  like  cafes  by  the  Antients,  revived  and  rellored,"  propofed  to  be  pub- 
liflied  by  fubfcription,  5s.     He  communicated  an  antique  call  in  copper,   plain  on 
the  reverfe,   of  the  arms  of  Kanulph  de  Mefchines,  earl  of  Chefler,  foraetime  pa- 
tron of  Spalding  Priory,  alfo  borne  by  this  houfe  on  their  conventual  feals,  and  in 
decorations,  as  under  an  oak  window  at  Wykeham,  and  on  a  Hone  chimney-piece 
in  Mr.  Grym's  houfe,  the  clothier  in  Spalding,  which  was  formerly  that  of  the  grand 
refeflory.   See  Brook's  Hift.  of  Peers,  Chefter,  39.  York,  106.  Perhaps  this  was  a 
ticket  for  forae  grand  entertainment,  or   tournament  and   tilting,    performed  here. 
The  following  epitaph,  drawn  up  by  him,  was  put  up  in  Spalding  church,  againft 
the  window  of  the  vellry,  over  Mr.  William  Sandes,  architect,  late  member,  and  maf- 
ter  of  a  free  mafon's  lodge  at  Spalding,  cut  by  Edm.  Hutchinfon,  his  difciple  : 
In  memory  of  Mr,  William  Sandes,  who  died  Oft.  2,  1751,  aged  .... 
His  minutes  he  improved,  a  well  concerted  plan 
To  lengthen  time,  when  life  is  but  a  fpan.  Romer  fcripfit. 

{d)  He  was  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  of  the  Inner  Temple;  and  a  re- 
lation of  M.  Johnfon,  (p.  52.)  The  folio  ving  copy  of  verfes  by  him  is  prefixed  to 
Dr.  Stukcley's  Itinerary  : 

Nee 


THE  GENTLEMEN'S  SOCIETY  AT  SPALDING.        xi 

Hon.  Edward  Molefworth,  Brother  to  Lord  Molefworth,  Captain  of 
Grenadiers,  Aid  de  Camp  in  Minorca.   Nov,  3,  1712. 

Rev.  John  Morton,  Curate  of  Wefton.  Jan,  i.  171 8. 

Rev.   Francis  Curtis,  late  Schooh-nafter  of  Moulton  (^e).  Apr.    8,    1714. 

Rev.  John  Waring,  Chaplain  of  Wykham,  and  Schoolmafter  of  Spald- 
ing. Feb.  3,  171 3-4.  Died  I7i6.(/) 

RichardLake,  Efq.  of  Wisbeach  Caftle.  Apr.  27,  1721. 

Richard  Midrileton  Mafiey,   M.  D.  R.  S.S.  of  Wisbeach.    Apr,  2,  1721. 

Died  i743(^)- 

Rev. Kirk(/)),   Uftier  of  the  Free  Grammar  School  at  Spalding, 

and  Curate  of  Leke,  in  North  Holland.   1721. 

Nee  fola  eft  medicina  tui  fed  ApoUine  dignam 

Artem  omnetn  recoils  mente  manuque  potens. 
Non  modo  rellituis  fenio  morboque  gravatos, 

Ad  vitam  reddis  fec'la  fepulta  diu. 
Te  Lindenfis  ager  geftit  celebrare  nepotem, 
QuiEque  dedit  patriae  lumina  grate  refers. 
See  his  Communications,  pp«57-  64.  In  1724  he  made  collections  for  Fotheringhay. 
(e)  Moulton  free  fchool  was  founded  by  John  Harrox  of  Moulton,  yeoman,  i  651, 
and  endowed  with  lands  to  the  amount  of  ;^8o.  per  ann.  others  to  the  poor,  let  for 
19^.  by  the   feoffees  improved  by  the  purchafe  of  other  lands  ^£,     On  a  coarfe 
flab  in  the  nave  is  this  epitaph  for  the  founder,  in  capitals : 
Johes  Haroxus,  funere  dignus  1^  ampliore. 
Hie  in  Domino  requiefcit,   1560. 
Maflers  within  memory  of  Mauiice  Johnfon  were,  the  rev.  Mr.  Deacon  Hayes, 
under  whom   bifliop  Reynolds  of  Lincoln  had  his  firfl  rudiments;  rev.  Williain 
Stanton,    who  with  his  brother   were    of  Eton  ;    rev.   John  Chapman,    Francis 
Curtis,  M.  A.  both  worthy  communicative  members  of  Spalding  Society. 
(/)  Father  of  Edward  Waring,  mathematical  profeffor  at  Cambridge. 
(.g)  A  good  draughtfman,  p.  426.     To  him  I  afcribe  thefe  verfes  prefixed  to  the 
fame  work,  figned  M.  M. 

Deperditorum  reftltutor  temporum, 
Et  veritatis  in  tenebris  abditse 
iScrutator  eruditus,  arte  qua  mira  vale. 
Retegi  vetullum  quicquid  obfcuro  fmu 
Abfcondit  evum.     Tempus,  hie  aciem  tuffi 
Falcis  retundir  invidam  :  fruftra  omnia 
Comples  minis  -,   jam  tuse  pereunt  ruinje. 
ipfcc  perire  nam  ruince  nefciunt. 
Sec  more  of  him  p.  62.     He  refided  at  Wilteach,  and  made  and  pul'liflied  a  cata- 
logue of  the  library  there,   1718,  8vo.     He  was  Secretary  to  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries, 1729. 

(b)  Among  the  fubfcribers  to  Wefley's-Differtations  on  Job  is  Mr.  Kirkof  Brigg, 
Lincolnfiiire. 

b  b  2  In 


xli  APPENDIX    TO   THE    HISTORY    OF 

In  the  following  Lill  the  Regular  are  not  dlftingulflied  from  the 
Honorary  Members,  except  occafionally  by  R. ;  nor  is  it  certain 
whether  fome  names  are  not  twice  repeated  for  want  of  this  diftindlion. 

Edward  Alexander,  Efq.    LL.  B.  (a) 

Joleph  Ames  (3),  F.A.S.  July  17,  1740. 

Claudius  Amyand,    Efq.    Serjeant  Surgeon  to  the  King,   S.R.S.  June  5, 

1729.  Died  1740.  R. 
John  Anftis  (c),   Sen.  F.R.S.  Garter  Principal  King  at  Arms,  July  23, 

1741.    Died  1743. 
David  Atkinfon,  Efq.  (^i). 
Robert  Auftcn,   Vineyard,  Peterborough. 
Sir  Jofeph  Ayloffe(t'),  Baronet,  F.R.  and  A.S.  Mar.  8,  1738. 
Charles  Balguy,  M.D.  of  Peterborough,  where  he  pradifed,  and  died  Feb» 

28,   1767  (/). 
Jofeph  Banks  jun.(^)  Efq.    of  Rcvefby  Abby,  S. A.S.  1724;  March  21, 

1722;  died  1741. 
Harry  Bayley,  Surgeon,  Spalding,  June  3,   1725.     Operator  172^  ;  died 

1730. 
Anfelm  Beaumont,   Druggift  ;  died  1741. 
Beaupre  Bell  jun.  Efq.  of  Beaupre  Hall,   Norfolk,  S.  A.  S.  Odober  20, 

1726  (/j). 

Sir 

(a)  He  died  1751.     See  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  95. 

li>)  He  died  1759.     See  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  555. 

(c)  Ibid.  p.  1C4. 

Id)  See  p.  93. 

{e)  He  died  1781.     See  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  pp.456.  604. 

(/)  See  in  Phil.  Traiif.  N°  434,  p.  1413,  his  account  of  the  dead  bodies  of  a  man 
and  woman  prefcrved  40  years  in  Hopeparilh. 

(g)  Father  of  Sir  Jofeph  Banks,  Bare.  P.  R.  S. 

(A)  Beaupre  Bell,  fon  of  Beaupre  Bell,  Efq;  of  Beaupre  hall  in  Upwell  and  Out- 
well  in  Clackclofe  hundred, Norfolk,  where  the  Beaupre  family  had  fetded  early  in  the 
14th  century,  and  enjoyed  the  eftate  by  the  name  of  Beaupre  (or  de  Bello  prato) 
till  Sir  Fiobert  Bell  intermarried  with  them  about  the  middle  of  the  i6th*.  Sir  Robert 
was  Speaker  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  14  Eliz.  and  Chief  Baron  of  the  Exche- 
quer, and  caught  his  death  at  the  black  aflizeat  Oxford,  1577.  Beaupre  Bell,  his 
fourth  lineal  dcfcendant,  married  Margaret  daughter  of  Sir  Anthony  Oldfield  of 
Spalding,  Bart,  who  died  J720,  and  by  whom  he  had  iffue  his  namefake  the  fubjeifl 

*  Parkins'  Norfolk,  IV.  iSo.   193. 

of 


THE  GENTLEMEN'S    SOCIETY    AT    S  P  A  L  D  I  N  G.  xii; 

Sir  Edward  Bellamy,  Lord  Mayor  of  London,   1735;  died  1749. 
John  Spinkes  Bennett. 

Rev. 

of  this  note,  and  two  daughters,  of  whom  the  youngefi:  married  William  Graves,  Efq. 
of  Fulborn  in  Cambridgefhire,  who  thereby  inheri:ed  the  family  eftate  near  Spal- 
dinrr,  with  the  fite  of  the  abbey,  and  has  a  Itriking  likenefs  of  his  brother-in-law. 
Mr. Bell,  junior,  was  educated  atWeffminfler  fciioo],  admitted  of  Trinitycollcge, Cam- 
bridge, 1723,  and  foon  commenced  a  genuine  and  able  Antiquary.  He  made  confidera- 
ble  collections  of  church  notes  in  his  own  and  the  neighbouring  counties,  all  which 
he  bequeathed  to  the  college  where  he  received  his  education.  Mr.  Blomfield  ac- 
knowledges his  obligations  to  him  for  colleding  many  evidences,  feals,  and  drawings, 
of  great  ufe  to  him  in  his  Hiftory  of  Norfolk  *-  The  old  gentleman  led  a  miferable 
life,  hardly  allowed  his  fon  necellaries,  and  dilapidated  his  houfe.  He  had  500 
horfes  of  his  own  breeding,  many  above  30  years  old,  unbroke-f-  .  He  took  his 
Ion  home  from  college,  where  his  library  was  left  to  mould.  On  his  death,  his  fon 
fucceeded  to  his  eflate  of  about  1500I.  a  year,  which  he  enjoyed  not  long,  and  dying 
of  a  confumption  unmarried,  on  the  road  to  Bath,  left  the  reverfion  after  the  death  of 
his  filler  (who  was  then  unmarried  and  not  likely  to  have  iffue)vvith  his  books  and  me- 
dals to  Trinity  college,  under  the  direction  of  the  late  Vice-mafter  Dr.  Walker.  But 
his  fifter  marrying  (as  above)  it  is  faid  tlie  entail  was  cut  olT.  He  was  buried  in  the 
family  bury ing-place  in  St.  Mary's  chapel  in  Outwell  church,  for  the  paving  of  which 
and  for  a  monument  he  left  150I.  The  regiflers  of  the  Society  abound  with  proofs 
of  Mr.  Bell's  tafte  and  knowledge  in  ancient  coins,  both  Greek  and  Roman,  befides 
many  other  intereftlng  difcoveries.  He  publilhed  propofals,  elegantly  printed,  for 
the  following  work  J,  at  5s.  the  firfl:  fubfcription,  "  Tabula  Augujhz,  five  Imperato- 
"  rum  Romanorum,  AuguUorum,  C;£farum,  lyrannorum,  et  illuflrium  viiorum  a  Cn. 
"  Pompeio  Magno  ad  Heraclium  Aug.  feries  cbronologica.  Ex  hifloricis,  nummis, 
"  &  marmoribus  collegit  Beaupreius  Bell,  A.M.  Cantabrigis,  typis  academkis  1734." 
which  was  in  great  forwardnefs  in  i733|i>  and  on  which  Mr.  Johnfon  com- 
municated his  obfervations.  Mr.  Bell  conceived  that  coins  might  be  dif- 
tinguifhed  by  the  hydroftatical  balance  §,  and  fuppofed  the  flower  on  the 
Rhodian  coins  to  be  the  lotus^  but  Mr.  Johnfon  the  balaujlrum,  or  pomegranate 
flower.  He  fent  the  late  unhappy  Dr.  Dodd  notes  concerning  the  life  and  writings 
of  Callimachus,  with  a  drawing  of  his  head  to  be  engraved  by  Vertue,  and  prefixed 
to  his  tranflation  of  that  poet.  He  made  a  caft  of  the  profile  of  Dr.  Stukeley  pre- 
fixed to  his  Itinerarium,  and  an  elegant  bud  of  Alexander  Gordon,  after  the  orii^inal 
given  by  him  to  Sir  Andrew  Fontaine's  niece.  He  communicated  to  the  Society  an 
account  of  Outwell  church,  and  the  Haultoft  family  arms  in  a  border  engrailed  S.  a 
lozenge  Erm.  quartering' Fincham,  in  a  chapel  at  the  Eaft  end  of  the  North  aile. 
He  collefted  a  feries  of  nexus  lilerarum,  or  abbreviations.     He  had  a  portrait  of  Sir 

*  Preface,  p.  iii. 

t  The  late  Earl  of  Oxbridge  had  as  many,  and  the  prefent  Duke  of  Ancafter's  brother  i  500. 

J  "  My  lare  friend  Mr.  Beaupre  Bell,  a  young  gentleman  of  moft  excellent  knowledge  in  medals,  whofeim- 
"  mature  d^ath  is  a  real  lofs  to  this  pait  of  learning,  was  bufy  in  putting  out  a  book  like  that  of  Pataiol,  ai.d. 
"  left  his  MSS.  plates,  and  coins,  to  Trinity  College,  Cambridge."     Slukcley's  Carauiius  I.  67. 

5  See  p.  490.  §  beep.  5ii. 

Thoma 


xiv  APPENDIX    TO    THE   HISTORY    OF 

Rev,  James  Benfon,  Rector  of  Croyland. 

Rev.  Richard  Beiitky,  D.  D.  Prof.  Reg.  F.  R.  S. ;  died  i  742. 


Pere- 


Thomas  Grefham  by  Hilliard,  when  young,  in  a  clofe  green  filk  doublet,  hat, 
and  plaited  lulf,  1540  or  1545,  formerly  belonging  to  Sir  Marmaduke  Grefliam, 
Bart,  then  to  Mr.  Philip,  FiUizer,  by  whofe  widow,  a  niece  to  Sir  Marmaduke,  it 
came  to  Sir  Anthony  Oldfield,  and  fo  to  Maurice  Johnlbn.  He  addrefTed  verfes 
on  color  ejl  connata  lucis  preprietas  to  Sir  Ifaac  Newton,  who  returned  him  a  pre- 
fent  of  his  Philofophy,  fumptuoufly  bound  by  Brindley. 

Mr.  Cole  of  the  Fen-office,  editor  of  the  new  edition  of  Sir  William  Dugdaie's 
Hifiory  of  Embanking,  1772*,  tells  us  that  this  edition  was  printed  froa  two 
copies  of  the  old  one,  one  corrected  by  Sir  William  himfelf,  the  other  by 
Beaupre  Bell,  Efq;  **a  diligent  and  learned  antiquary,  who  had  alfo  made  fome  cd> 
"  reftions  in  his  own  copy  now  in  Trinity  college  library."  See  his  letters  dated 
Beaupre  Hall,  May  11,  and  July  30,  1731,  to  T.  Hearne  about  the  Pedlar  in 
Swaffham  church,  a  rebus  oti  the  name  of  Chapman,  prefixed  to  Hemingford,  p. 
180,  and  preface,  p.  11^.  See  alio  on  the  fame  fubject.  Preface  to  Caius,  p. 
xlvii.  and  Ixxxiv.  and  the  fpeech  of  Dr.  Spencer,  Vice-Chancellor  of  Cambridge,  to 
the  Duke  of  Monmouth  when  he  was  inftalled  Chancellor,  1674,  lb.  Ixxxvi.  In 
p.  lii.  Hearne  ftyles  him  amicus  eruditus,  cui  O'  aliis  nominibiis  me  dcvin^um  ejje 
^ratus  agnojco.  He  alfo  furnifhed  him  with  a  tranfcript,  in  his  own  hand-writing,  of 
Bifhop  Godwin's  Catalogue  of  the  Bifnops  of  Bath  and  Wells,  from  the  original  in 
Trinity  college  library.  App.  to  Ann.  de  Dunftable,  835.  837.  A  charter  relating 
to  St.  Edmund's  Bury  abbey.  Bened.  Ab.  p.  865.  The  epitaph  of  E.  Beckingham 
in  Bottifliam  church  in  Cambridgefhire.  Pref.  to  Otterbourne's  Chron.  p.  Ixxxii. 
App.  to  Trokelow,  p.  378.  Papers,  h.c.  of  his  are  mentioned  here,  p.  57,  58.  62. 
V/alfingham  church  notes  p.  59,  entered  in  the  minutes ;  a  paper  on  the  Clepfydra, 
p.  60  ;  and  five  of  his  letters  to  Mr.  Blomfield  are  printed  pp.  290.  465 — 472; 
one  to  Dr.  Z.  Grey,  p.  147-,  one  to  Mr.  N.  Salmon,  p.  150;  others  to  Mr.  Gale, 
pp.  169.  iS  I.  302 — 305;  to  Dr.  Stukeley,  p.  176.  178.  See  alfopp.  176.  178.  181. 
^(65.  469.470.471.  In  Arch^olog.  vol.  VI.  pp.  133.  139.  141.  143.  are  fome 
letters  between  him  and  Mr.  Gale,  on  a  Roman  horologium  mentioned  in  an  infcrip- 
tion  found  at  Taloire,  a  poor  fmall  village  in  the  diflrift  and  on  the  lake  of  An- 
necey,  &c.  communicated  to  him  by  Mr.  Cramer,  profeiTor  of  philofophy  and 
mathematics.     See  p.  60. 

The  following  correct  copy  of  the  epitaph  given  in  Mr.  Camden's  remains,  p. 
400,  at  Farlam,  on  the  Weft  marflies  toward  Scotland,  near  Naworth  caftle,  being 
communicated  to  the  Society  1734,  Mr.  Bell  fent  them  the  Latin  tranQation  annexed: 

John  Bell  of  Brekenbrow  ligs  under  this  (lean. 

Four  of  mine  een  fons  laid  it  on  my  weam. 

I  lird  all  my  days  but  -J-  (hirt  or  flrife; 

I  was  man  of  my  meat  and  mafter  of  my  wife. 

If  thou'fl  done  better  in  thy  time  than  I  have  done  in  mine 

Take  the  ilean  off  o'  my  weam  and  lay  it  upon  thine. 

»  Printed  at  the  txpence  of  Mr.  Geaft,of  Blythe  Hall,  who  married  the  immediate  defcendant  of  Dugdalc. 
+  Without. 

Ipfe 


THE  GENTLEMEN'S  SOCIETY  AT  SPALDING.      xv 

Peregrine  Bertie,  of  the   Middle  Temple,  Efq.  S.  A.  S.    17 iS,  May  17, 

1722  (/). 
Peregrine  Bertie  j tin.   Efq.  Jan.  28,  1741.  Died  1743. 
Ernely  Bertie,  LLD.  Fellow  of  Magdalen  Col!.  Jan.  28,  1741  (/•). 
Thomas  Bevill,  of  Oxney,  near  Peterborough.     Jan.  11,    1729.   R. 
Rev.  Thomas    Birch,    St.   John's   Place,    Clerkeinvell  (/). 
Anthony  Birks,  Mafter  of  Golberton  School,  Surveyor  and  Accountant, 

February  8,    1753. 
Jofhua  Blew  (w),  Inner  Temple. 
William   Bogdani,  Efq.  Clerk  of  the  Ordnance,  S.  A.  S.  Lord  of  Hitchin 

manor,   December  24,   1724  («). 
Maurice  Bogdani  jun.  King's  Col.  Cambridge,  February  8,   i7>3(^). 
James  Bolton  jun,  Efq.   Dec.  20,  1722.  Died  1747.  R. 
George  Bolton,  M.  D.  of  Magdalen  Coll.  Camb.  Phyfician  at  Bolton,  Au- 

guft  18,  1720;  died  1747  (/>). 

Ipfe  Caledoniis  Bellus  bene  notus  in  oris 
Mole  fub  hac,  nati  quam  pofuerc,  cubo: 
Menfa  parata  mihi,  mihi  femper  amabilis  uxor, 
Et  placidse  DO(fles  &  fine  lire  dies. 
Heus,  bone  vir  !  fiquid  fecilll  rcttius  iftis. 
Hoc  marmor  tibi  do  quod  tegat  ofla  libens. 
(/')  See  pp.   6^.  387.      Grandfon  of  Mountagu  Bertie  the  ilkidrious  royalifl,  ad 
carl  of  Lindfey.     He  had   an  eltate  in  vVtlhvioreland,  and  fent  the  Society    an 
account  of  foine  antique  weapons  found  at  Amblefide,   1740,  p.  187. 

(k)  See  alfo  pp.  429.  4:ii.  He  was  brother  to  the  firft  Peregrine  Bertie  here 
named,  and  uncle  to  the  fecond. 

(/ )  Afterward  D.  D.  the  6th  Member  of  this  Society  who  had  been  Secretary  to 
R.  S.  p.  410.  He  died  1766,  st.  61.  See  fix  of  Mr.  Johnfon's  letters  to  him, 
p.  398 — 417.     And  fee  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  pp.  115.  549.  619, 

(m)  Mr.  Jofhua  Blew,  F.  S.  A.  was  the  fon  of  Mr.  W.  Blew,  of  Bromyard  in  He- 
refordftiire,  by  his  wife  Grace,  daughter  of  John  and  lileanor  Clark,  of  Bromyard 
aforefaid.  By  the  regifter  book  of  that  parilh,  ic  appears  that  he  was  baptized 
July  22,  1687.  He  was  librarian  of  the  Inner  Temple  for  ^5  years,  whicn  office 
he  refigned  about  a  year  before  his  death,  and  was  hkewile  chief  butler  of  rhat  fo- 
ciety.  He  died  January  21,  1^65,  aged  78,  univerlally  efteemed,  and  was  !)iiried 
in  the  Temple  church.  His  coins  wtre  fold  by  auflion  by  Langford,  March  30, 
1762,  on  his  leaving  off  col!e6ling.  His  goods  and  books  March  7,  1765,  by 
Brillow. 

( «)  William  Bogdani,  Efq-,  married  a  near  relation  of  Maurice  Johniiin,  and  many 
letters  between  them  are  or  were  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Bog>'ani's  fon  Jaraes  at  Hitchin 
in  Hertfordfliire.  (See  more  oi  him  p.  65.)  His  commuuicanons  to  the  Society 
were  in  the  mathematical  line.  pp.  57.  63.  He  died  at  Hitchin  Nov.  177;' .  See  pp» 
61,63,65,77. 

(0)  Son  of  the  former,  now  refident  at  Hitchin. 
(/')Seep.52. 

■V  augaan 


xvl  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY    OF 

Vaughan  Bonner,  of  Alford,  March  7,   iy23- 

William  Bowyer,  Printer,  London  (5^). 

Rev.  Arthur  Brainfby,  B,  A.  Reftor  of  Great  Coates,  Dec.  10,   i73o(/"). 

William  Brand,   Newmarket. 

James  Brecknock,   Apothecary  at  Holbcach,  June  9,    1726;  died  1746. 

Robert  Brilcoe,  of  Sleeford,  April  25,    1723  ;  died  1733. 

Rev.  Zachariah  Brooke,  St.    John's  Coll.  Cambridge,  Reg.  Prof.  Divin. 

Thomas  Brown,  of  Horbling,  June  3,   1725; 

Heneage  Browne,  Apothecary.  Aug.  i,   1731.R. 

Francis  Duke  of  Buccleugh,  Patron;  died  1751. 

Nathaniel  Buck,  Inner  Temple. 

Samuel  Buck,   Engraver,   Dec.  52,    i729(i). 

£verard  Buckworth,  Spalding,  March  8,    1721. 

Everard  Buckworth,  Elq.  Lincoln's  Inn,  at  Spalding,  Februarys,  I753(^). 

John  BuUen,  Sept.  30,  1736  ;  to  be  omitted  for  declining  Payment,  and 

his  Arrears  to  be  allowed  the  Treafurer,  amounting  to  2  1.    12  s.  Jan.  1, 

1740. 
Thom.is    Burton,    of  Boflon,  town-clerk    of   Bollon,  April    ix,   1728. 

June  7,    1733  (^^). 
William  Burwell  (.v),  Mafter   of  Tjrrington   School,  Norfolk. 
Thomas  Bufy. 

(9)  See  p.  96.     In    1745  he  printed  250  copies  of  "  Afts  and  Obfervations  of 
'   the  Spalding  Gentlemen's   Society  in   LincolnQiire,  illullrated  with   Sculptures 
'  from  Models,  Drawings,  and  Sketches  made  by  the  Members,  and  engraved  by 
'  Vertue  a  Member.    With  an  allegorical  device  defigned  by  Maurice  Johnfon,  Eiq. 
'  and   engraved  by  Vertue,   1746.     London,  printed   by  order  of  the  Society  by 
'  William  Bowyer,  a  Member,   1745,"  folio:   intended  as  a  title-page  to  fuch  of 
their  works  as  might  be  printed.     In  1  745  alfo  he  printed  for  Mr.  Johnfon  a  number 
of  Dykereeve's  Warrants,  AffefTments,  and  Cmjlats.     He  died  1777,  aged  78. 
(r)  Coufin  to  Maurice  Johnfon.  p.  435.     Died  1752. 
{/)  Died  Augufl:  17,   1779,  at.  85. 
(/)  On  the  South  wail  of  Surfleet  church  he  has  this  epitaph  : 

Hie  jacet  eo  foil,  fupremo  tempore, 

Everardus  Buckworth,  Arm.  quo  ipfe  etiam, 

natus  anno  Chrifli")  1663.  quails  tu  fueris  cognofcam. 

mortuusj  1751.  Abi  viator,  et  fac  fedule. 

Qui  fueram  ex  hoc  marinore  cognofces;  Ut  ipfe  turn  bonus  apparens. 

qualis  vero  cognofces  alibi, 
(«)  He  fubfcribed  to  Wefley's  Job. 

(.y)  He  was  a  common  labourer,  fervant  to  Mr.  Lynn  of  Spalding,  and  without 
any  inftrucfion  made  a  pack  of  cards,  and  drew  picture!)  i  and  was  afterwards  advan- 
ced to  U'yrrington  fchool. 

Robert 


THE  GENTLEMEN'S  SOCIETY  AT  SPALDING,      xvii 

Robert  Butter,  jun.  Merchant  (;■).     July  i6,  1730. 

Rev.  Andrew  Byng,  Frederlcklhall,  Norway  (z). 

William  Callow.  D^^c,  12,  1728.  R. 

David  Cafley,  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Cotton  and  Royal  Libraries.  Ocl.  31, 

1728. 
Mark  Catesby,  St.  Luke's,  London  (<7). 
Rev.  Edmund  Cartle,   Prebendary  of  Lincoln  (/'). 

(y)  See  pp.  60.  409.  He  propofcd  in  i  741  to  publilli  by  fubfcriprion  a  fiirvey  nf  this 
coart,  with  the  loundings,  lip^ht-houfes,  buoys,  in  Spaldintr,  Boflon,  Wisbech,  and 
Lynne  deeps.     Li  1718  he  fliewed  the  Society  an  almanack  titled  Pond    1625,  cal- 
culated for  the  antient  and  famous  borough  town  of  Stamford,  wherein,  againft  Ot^t. 
15,  is  this  MS  note,  "  This  day  a  grave  Hone  was  taken  upp  nere  unto  the  oke  tree 
*'  in  chappell  grene  near  to  Fulney  howfe."     Hence  it  is  evident,  that  there  was  for- 
merly a  chapel  and  cemetery  there,  wherein  they  ufed  the  rii',ht  of  lepulture,  as  in 
feveral  others  within  this  parifli,  as  appeared  by  tomb-ilones  ftill  ftandlng  or  dug  up 
at   Cowbit,   Ayfcoughfee  hall,  and  VVykham-hall.     In  the  accounts   of  the  town- 
husbands  teoffees  for  the  poor  of  Spalding,  fol.  5,  6,  of  the  gift  of  Gaml\  n,  who 
was  owner  of  Fulney-hall,  a   piece  of  ground  called  Chapel  Green  in  Fnlnp\'.  the 
common  or  common  way  is  in  E.  W.  and  N.  the  undertakers  called  the  Lord's  Drayn, 
S.   in   the   occupation   of  William  W^ilfon,  at    ids.  per  ann.    The  adventurers  for 
draining  the  fens  ufed  to  hire  this ;  and  in  faid  accounts,  1731,  the  afting  town  huf- 
bands  charge,  "  Received  of  Mr.  John  Weyman,  for  Chapel  Green,  los."    He  alfo 
fliew  d  a  MS  on  vellum,  very  nearly  written   in  quarto,  each  page  in  two  columns, 
intitled,  as  by  a  note  in  the  rubrick,  "  Omclie  ?nagri  JohHs  dc  Abb'ts  villa.     Ue  accjui- 
"  ficbe  magri  Jouis  Prellon  de  librar'  monaflerii  Sci  Auguflini  extra  muros  Cantuar. 
«'   ^'{iZii'-i'  fupra  <%<X)\Ma^"  (m75)  the  letters  in  black,  under  which  the  like  in 
red;   in  another  loofe  note  palled  before  the  book,  and  by  a   note  of  mailer  Pref- 
ton's  own  writing  over  the  firlt  pa^^e,  he  appears  to   have  been  fome  very  confide- 
rable  perfon.   "  Liber  Job' is  PreftDn^^e1^\\.tni\?.x\\  Anglie/>';.  \' JJor,"  It  begins  with  a 
curioufly  illumined  initial,  Licet  cum  Martha  follicitntur  in  curia.  Sec  and  a  handfome 
apology  for  the  fermons'  being  lefs  accurate   on   that   account,  being  all  upon  the 
grand    feilivals,    &c.  It    was   ufual    for   the    librarians  of  the  great  houfes  to  keep 
fcribes,  and  make  fome  benefit  by  letting  others  have  copies  made  of  the  MsS.  in 
their  cuftody,  before    printing    came    into   ufe.     And  fuch   librarians  were  ufually 
themfelves  fine  writers  and  illuminators;  an  office  likewife  in  the  rich  boules  to  adorn 
their  fervice-books,   and  other  MSS.     Perhaps  the  words  Penitentiarii  Anglie  may 
fignify  that  he  was  the  king's  confeffor,  Penencier  du  Roy  d'Jngletene,  Sacerdns  qui 
penitentiam  imperavit,  (fee  Skinner's  Lexic.  v.  Pemiance)  as  Magnus  Camerarius  An- 
glic, 8cc.  and  fome  other  officers  in  the  king's  houfehold  are  fometimes  flyled.  M.J. 

(2:)  See  p.  403. 

{a)  Author  of  the    "  Natural  Hiftory  of  Carolina,  Florida,  and  the   Bahama 
*'  Iflands,  1731."     3  vols,  fob     He  died  in  December  1749- 

{b)  Mafter  of  C.  C.  C.  Cambridge  i  744,  and  reflor  of  Barley  in  HertfordHiire, 
where  he  died,  and  was  buried  1750. 

c  c  Andreas 


x\ui  APPENDIX    TO    THE   HISTORY    O  F 

Andreas  CelRus,  AJlron.  Prof.  Upfal.  &  Sweden. 

Edmund  Chapman,  Surgeon,  and  Mafterof  Mufic  at  Grymefthorpe.  1750. 

Rev.  John  Cliapman,  March  21,  1722.  Became  honorary  Jan.  1 1,  lyz^i^c). 

Jolly  Clapham.  July  16,  1730.  Died  1733. 

William  Claypon,  of  Spakung,  who,  being  Churchwarden  for  1752,  took 

upon  him  to  alter  the  Free  School  Scholar  Seats  in   the  Church  there, 

together  with  Thomas  Robert  Gabs,  but    was  obliged  to  reftore  them 

again  to  their  former  ufe,  April  4,    1751. 
Hon.  Sir  John  Cleik,    Baron  of  the   Exchequer  of  Scotland,  F.R.    and 

A.SS.  July  17,  1740.   Died  1748  («'). 
Jofliua  Clegg,  of  Haxey,   Inventor  of  tiie  Stuff  breaker. 
Adam  Colclough,  tlq.  of  Gray's  Inn.   May  30,  1728. 
Adam  Colclough,  of  St.  John  Baptift,  Wtftminller.   Feb.  8,  175^. 
Benjamin  Cook,   Kegifter  and  Aiiiftant  to  the  Secretaries.    1745. 
Dr.  Dixon  Cokby,  St.  Martin's,   Stamford. 
Hepry  Lord  Coleraiie  (e),  V.  P.  Soc.  Antiq.  Lond,  May   18,   1727  ;  G.  M.- 

of  Free  Mafons,  J72H;  died  1749. 
Richard  Collins  (/),  Painter.   Aug.  10,  1727.  Die!  173:!. 
Dr.  Panaoiri  Condoiti,  "Phyfician  to  the  Emprefs  of  Rufiia,  Petersburg. 
Rev,  Thomas  Colebourne,  Vicar  of  Walpole,  Norfolk,  May  18,  i727(^). 

(c)  Half-brother  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Cole  of  Milton  in  Cambridgefliire,  and 
matter  of  Moiikon  free-fchool.     See  before,  p.  xi.   note  (/«)• 

(d)  See  many  of  his  letters  here  printed.  His  only  publication,  an  "  Enquiry 
*'  into  the  Roman  Stylus,"  4  pages,  4to.  enlarged  in  a  Latin  "  Diflertatio  de  Stylis 
"  veterum  &  diverfis  chartarum  generlbus,"  being  icarce,  may  perhaps  appear  in 
fome  future  number  of  the  Bibliotheca  Topographica. 

(f)  See  Introduction  toArchseol.  p  xxxiv.  and  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  pp.  106.548. 
(/)  Son  of  Mr.  Collins  painter  at  Peterborough,  and  afterwards  brought  up  under 

Mr.Dahl,  one  of  the  molt  eminent  mailers  In  that  art,  and  praftifcr  chiefly  in  por- 
traiture, to  which  branch  of  the  bufinefs  the  Englifli,  of  all  nations,  have  ever  given 
the  greateft  encouragement.  "  Mr.  Collins  made  a  very  obliging  oircr  to  the  Society, 
"  oF  being  ready  to  make  drawings  for  them  of  Inch  things  as  they  (liould  judge 
"  worthy  whenever  he  was  in  thefe  parts,  into  which  his  bufinefs  leads  him,  and 
"  where  he  has  performed  with  very  great  fuceefs,  and  to  the  approbation  of  the 
"  connoiffeurs.  In  his  other  way  of  drawing  he  has  given  the  world  a  fufficienc 
"  teftimony  of  his  exaftnefs  and  fkill  in  perfpeftive  in  the  print  of  the  frontfand 
•'  grand  veflibule  of  Peterborough  minfter,  engraved  after  his  drawing  by  Mr.  G. 
"  Vander  Gucht,  on  an  imperial  ihect."  (Spald.  Soc.  Min.)  He  painted  for  Mr. 
Sly  of  ,1  horney  a  S  W.  view  of  Croyland  abbey,  and  another  of  the  triangular- 
badge  there,  whence  Mr.  Buck  made  his  engravings  among  his  fet  of  Lincolnfldre 
views,  the  accoums  under  which  were  drawn  up  by  Mr.  johnfcn.  He  gave  the 
Society,  1730,  a  MS.  Bible  from  Haghmon  abbey.  Of  Charles  Collins,  who 
died    1744,  fee  Anecdotes  of  Painting,  IV.  £^. 

(g)  Prefented  to  Walpole  1725  by  Henry  Lord  Colerane,  fucceeded    1762  by 
Dr.  Smith  prcfent  mafter  of  Weitminilcr  fchool. 

Emanuel 


THE  GENTLEMEN'S  SOCIETY  AT  SPALDING,      xlx 


Emanuel  Mendes  da  Cofta  (/>). 

Michael  Cox,  Surgeon,  Feb.  ii,  1747-8.  Operator.  Ocl.  16,  1729.  R. 
John  Crawt'ord,   Efq.  of  Croyland,   May  25,   1727. 
William  Cofli,  of  Cowhurne,  January  30,   1723. 

Rev.  Richard  Cumberland,  Archdeacon  of  Peterborough,  Re£lor  of  Pea- 
kirk,  Sept.  28,  1727.   Died  1737  (/). 
Robert  Cunnyngham,  Efq.  Secretary  to  the  Governor  of  Jamaica,  Mar.  9, 


1726. 


Thomas  Curling,  Surgeon. 

Francis,  Earl  of  Dalkeitli,  July  5,    I7'.2;  died  1750. 

Knightly  Danvers,  Elq. ;  died  1740  (/{:). 

Robert  Darwyn,  Efq.  Elfton,  near  Newark. 

Peter  Daval.   S.  R.  S.  Feb.  8,  1753(0. 

Sir  Jermyn  Daver?,  of  Rufhbrook,  Bart.  ;  died  1742. 

William  Day.  06t.  20,  1726. 

Symon  Degg,  M.  D.  Soc.  Reg.  &  Antlq.  Diredor,  February   25,   1724; 

died  1729. 
Earl  of  DeIoraine(;«). 

Rev.  John  Theophilus  Deftguliers,  LL.  D.  F.  R.  S.  Weflminller  (//). 

John 

(/j)  L?ite  F.  R,  and  A.SS.   author  of  feveral  traifts  on  foflils  and  natural  hiftory. 
(2)  Son  of  Dr.  Cumberland,   billiop   of  Peterborough.     The  following  epitaph 
for  him  is  on  a  tablet  a^ainll  the  north  wall  of  the  chancel  at  Pcakirk : 


Humanitate  erga  omnes, 

fpectatiffiinns. 

Obiit  Dec.  die  24,  A.  D.  1737, 

fua:q.  vet.  63. 

Monumentnm  hoc 

ipllus  Elizteq.  conjugis  dileftiffimse 

memoricE  ficrum 

moerens  pofuic  fiiius 

Dennifon  Cumberland- 


Hie  qiiicquid  mortaie  fuit 

reponi  voluit 

Ricardus  Ricardi  F.  Cumberland,  A.  M. 

Ecclef.  Petri  de  Burgo  Lincolnieniil'que 

prsbendarius, 

Northamptoni'jD  archidiaconus, 

Hujufce  ecclefire  triginta  plus  annos 

Paflor  digniffimus. 

Vir  pietate  erga  Deum, 

Liberalitate  erga  pauperes, 

Arms  A.  a  chevron  S.  in  chief,  three  wolves  heads  S. 

(k)  Compiler  of  the  Abridgment  of  the  Common  Law,  in  3  vols,  folio,  in  which  he 
proceeded  no  further  in  than  the  title  Extinguishment.  Lord  Chief  Jullice  Holr, 
who  at  firft  difcoui  aged  this  publication,  left  Mr.  Danvers  a  legacy  of  :o  guineas  as 
a  token  of  his  refpeft  to  him,  which  as  the  will  exprelfes  it,  he  would  fooner  have 
done  had  he  had  an  opportunity. 
(/)  See  p.  412. 

(w/)  Fra.icis,  2d  earl,  who  died  1739;  or  his  brother  Henry,  3d  earl,  who  died  1740. 

(«)  He  was  fon  of  tiie  rev.  John  Defaguliers,  a  French  refugee,  and  was  born 

i6°3,  at  Kochelle,  admitted  at  Chriifchurch,  Oxford,  and  fucceeded  Dr.  Keill  in 

reading  ledtures  on  Experimental  Philofophy  at  Hart-hail,  to  which  he  removed. 

c  c  2  In 


SiX  APTENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY    OF 

John  Dinham,  M.  D.  of  Spalding.   March  7,  1722. 

Dr.  Samuel  Dinham,  of  Spalding.   Dec.  28,    1725  (0). 

William  Dodd,  B.  A.  Fellow  of  Clare-hall,  Cambridge  (/>). 

Ven.  Dofltheiis,  Archimnndrite. 

Seign.  Nichole  Dracon,  Zante,  Afia. 

Francis  Drake,  Surgeon,  York  (17). 

Nathan  Drake,  Painter  at  Lincoln  and  York  (r). 

William  Draper,   Efq.  Cecil- flreet. 

The  Hon.  Lewis  Dymock,  Champion  of  England,  January  6,   1725, 

Charles  Dymock,  M.  D.  Boflon. 

George  Edwards,  College  of  Phvficians,  London  fsj. 

Thomas  Eldred,  Houfekeeper,  Peterborough.  Apr.  16,  1724.  R. 

Sir   Richard  Ellis,   Bart.  (/)  of  No£lon,   Lincolnlhire,  Burgels  for  Boflon, 

March  12,    1729;  died  1742. 
Rev.  Jeremiah  Ellis,  Mailer  of  Grantham  School,  May  16,  1723.  Re6tor 
'    of  Carleton  Scroope,   co.  Lincoln. 
Adam  Enos,  Efq.  of  Sutton,  September  28,   1728, 
George  Enfor  (z<),  Boflon.  Feb.  17,  1725.  Died  1740.  R. 

In  I  yn  ^^  proceeded  M.  A.  and  married  a  daughter  of  William  Pudfey,  efq.  and 
next  5  ear  removed  to  Weftminfler,  where  he  continued  his  leflures.  He  was 
elefted  F.  R.  S.  in  1714,  and  was  much  patronized  by  Sir  Ifaac  Newton.  About 
this  time  the  duke  of  Chandos  prefented  him  to  the  living  of  Edg^vare.  In  1718- 
he  took  the  degree  of  LL.D.  at  Oxford,  and  was  prefented  by  the  earl  of  Sun- 
derland to  a  living  in  Norfolk,  which  he  afterwards  exchanged  for  a  crown  living 
in  EfTex.  He  continued  his  ledlures  till  his  death,  1749,  having  publiflied  "  A 
"  Courfe  of  Experimental  Philofophy,"  in  2  vols.  4to,  1734  ;  and  1735,  a  Iccond 
edition  of  Gregory's  "  Elements  of  Catoptrics  and  Dioptrics,"  8vo.  Ells  eldeil 
fon,  Alexander,  died  in  1 751,  on  a  living  in  Norfolk;  his  younger,  Thomas, 
was  a  colonel  of  artillery,  and  equerry  to  his  prefert  majefly. 

(0)  Son  of  the  foregoing,  and  late  reftor  of  Spalding,  where  he  was  fucceeded 
I  78 1,  by  the  Rev.  Maurice  Johnfon. 

(/))  Vicar  of  Bourne  in  Lincolufliire  :  died  lyf^^.  He  was  f;ithcr  to  an  un- 
happy divine,  whofe  hiftory  and  cataflrophe  is  well  known.  See  the  Life  of 
Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  336. 

(rj)   Author  of  the  Hiflory  of  York.     See  the  Life  of  IMr.  Bowyer,  p.  94. 

(r)  Son  of  Mr.  Drake,  late  vicar  of  Lincoln  cathedral.  He  publiflied,  1748, 
ptopofals  for  a  S.  E.  view  of  Boflon  church.  His  S.  E.  view  of  the  town  was  en- 
graved by  Midler,  1751,  price  5  j. 

(.f)  He  died  1773.     See  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  120. 

(/)  lie  had  a  tleei  dye  of  Sir  Ifaac  Ncwtoa  cut  by  Claws.  To  him  Mr.  Horfley 
dedicated  his  Britannia  Romanit.   He  piiblifhed  "Eoriuita  Sacra,"  Rotterd.  1727,  8vo. 

(u)  Father  probably  of  Dyer  the  poet's  wife,  the  '•  defcendant  of  Shaklpeare." 
See  tl.e  IliLlory  of  Hinckley,  p.  183. 

Sir 


THE  GENTLEMEN'S  SOCIETY  AT  SPALDING.       xxl 

Sir  John  Evelyn,  Baronet,  F.A.S.  1725.   V.  P.  1735-6. 

Henry  Everard,  Jai).  21,  1  720.  R. 

Rev.  Geoij^e  Fail  fix,  Rcflor  of  Wafliingbnrgli,  April  11,  1 728  j  died  1733. 

Lucius  Vifcouiit  Falkland.  March  8,  1758. 

Richard  Falknerf.v).  June  20,  1734. 

Francis  Fane,  Elq^  Sepr.  8,  1737. 

Rev.  George  Feme,  Vicar  of  Wlgtoft  (y). 

Martin  Folkes,  P.R.  S  (2). 

lion,  Charles  Frederick,  Kfq.  F.  R.  and  A.  S.   Surveyor  General   of  the 

Ordnance  (^). 
Rev.  John    Francis,  Redor   of  Eillingford,    Norfolk.    March   12,    1740 

Died  I  741  (b). 
Roger  Ga!:  (c),  R.  S.  and  A.  8.  V.  P.  Odober  31,    172.S  ;  died  1744. 
Samuel  Gale  (r),  Eiq.   Comptroller  of  Cuftoms,  London;   diedi7<;4. 
William  Galcoigne,  from   Michaelmas    1743     Houfe-keeper,   Gaidenery 

atid  Coadjutor  to  the  Operator  of  this  Society. 
JohnG.iy,  Efq.  0£lober3i,   i'jz'i(d).      Died  1732, 

William 

(a-)  Of  Lincoln  Coll.  Oxford,  admitted  1731,  he  fent  drawings  of  foine  menu- 
ments  and  infcriptions  in  the  picture  gallery  1734.     See  alio  p.  58,  59.  426. 
(j)  He  tranfraitted  to  the  Society  a  copy  of  Robinfon's  Hefiod,  1745. 
(z)  He  died  1754.     See  an  account  of  him  in  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  pp.  177, 

178-  347-  SS^- 

(a)  Now  Sir  Charles  Frederick,  bart.  I)ire£lor  of  A.  S.  1735-6. 

(i/)  Q^  related  to  Philip  F.  tranflator  of  Horace,  of  Skeyton  in  Norfolk. 

(c)  Of  thefe  learned  brothers  an  account  has  been  given  in  the  tall:  part  of  this- 
number. 

(d)  Twounpublilhed  letters  from  him  to  Mr.  Johnfon  are  here  inferted,.from  the 
Society's  minutes. 

Letter  from  my  dear  Friend  Mr.  John  Gav,  with  Rural  Sports,  a  Pafloral  Poem, 
S I  R,  London,  Jan.  13,  1713. 

I  could  not  but  lay  hold  on  this  occafion  of  returning  you  thanks  lor  a!l  your  for- 
mer favours,  and  I  muft  conf^fs  I  have  deferred  it  longer  than  otherwifc  I  ihould 
have  done  to  wait  for  this  opportunity.  1  cannot  as  yet  give  you  any  account  of  the 
fuccefs  of  the  poem,  this  being  the  firft:  day  of  its  being  publiflieJ.  Her  Grace 
and  Ludy  Ifabella  feem  not  difplealed  with  my  offl-ring  ;  I  hope,  when  you  criticife, 
you  will  remember  Lam  your  friend  •,  burl  need  not  put  you  in  mind  of  chat,  fince 
you  have  a'ready  given  fuch  fincere  proofs  of  your  friendihip  towards  your  moft 
obliged  humble  fervant,  John  Gay. 

Pray  prefent  my  humble  fervlce  to  your  father. 
To  Maurice  Johnfon  jun.  Efq. 

XeTTER.: 


xxii  APPENDIX     TO    THE     HISTORY     OF 

William  Gery,  Efq. 

Rev.  Ur.Gii)ron,Pi-ovoft  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  Augufl:  21,  \']2^(e). 

Sampson  Gideon,  Lord  of  this  Manor,   1750  (_/'). 

William   G.lby,  Elq.  of  Grey's  Inn,    Recorder  of  Lincoln    and  Hull, 

December  24,    1724., 
Rev.  Burnaby  Goche,  Re£lor   of   Croyland,  and  Chaplain   of   Cowblf, 

April  25,  1723. 
William  Gonvile,  of  Alford,  Clerk  of  Sewers,  Lincoln,  May,  4,   1727; 

died  I  747. 
William  G-^odall,  Efq.  of  Holywell,  Augoft  12,   1735. 
Alexander  Gordon,  (o-) 

Matthew  GolTet  (/j),  Elq,  Statuary,   March  6,    x'jz'^. 
John  Graham,  Jan.  12,  1737-^-    Struck  out  for  refufing  payments. 

Letter  from  Mr.  John  Gay  on  Mr.  Pope's  "  Windfor  Forefl:,"  and  character  of 

the  Tragedy  of  Cato. 
S  I  P>,  April  23,   1 71 3. 

I  had  not  ne"le£led  writinrr  to  you  a  line  or  two  of  the  town  news  when  I  fent 
you  Mr.  Pope's  Poem,  had  I  not  been  at  that  time  in  company,  and  I  was  loth  to 
defor  your  enieitainment  in  Windfor  Forefl:  a  pod  longer.  Cato  afiords  univerfal 
difcourfe,  and  is  received  with  univerfal  applaufe  :  My  Lord  Oxford,  Lord  Clhan- 
.cellor,  and  Speaker  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  have  befpoke  the  box  on  the  (tage 
for  next  Saturday.  The  character  of  Cato  is  a  man  of  Ari£t  virnie,  and  a  lover  of  his 
country.  The  audience  feveral  nights  clapped  fome  particular  paffages,  which  they 
thought  reflected  on  the  Tories.  Some  palfages  in  the  prologue  were  ftrained  that 
way  •   viz. 

Here  tears  fliall  flow  from  a  more  generous  caufe  ; 
Such  tears  as  Patriots  flied  for  dying  laws : 
never  failed  of  raifing  a  loud  clap;  but  you  fee  that  the  Miniflry  are  fo  far  from 
thinking  it  touches  them,  that  the  Treafurer  and  Chancellor  will  honour  the  play 
with  their  prefence.  Here  hath  been  a  poem  lately  publiOied  called  i-'eace,  which 
it  is  faid  Trapp  was  the  author  of.  There  are  a  great  many  good  lines  in  the  poems; 
and  he  hath  here  and  there  mixed  fome  refle^lions  on  the  late  Miniflry.  My  play 
comes  on  5th  May.  It  was  put  off  on  account  of  Cato ;  fo  that  you  may  eafily  ima- 
gine I  by  this  time  begin  to  be  a  little  lenfible  of  the  approaching  danger.  Pray  pre- 
lent  my  very  humble  fervice  to  your  father,  and  believe  me  when  1  tell  you  that  I  am, 
&c.  J  Gay. 

(^e)  He  was  a  relation  of  bifhop  Gibfon,  by  whofe  intereft  he  obtained  the  pro- 
voftfhip  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Lancafter  in  1716,  and  died  17,0,  prebendary  of  the 
fourth  Hall  at  Peterborough;  in  which  he  was  fuccceded  the  fame  year,  September 
i'9,  by  Dr.  Thomas  Robinfon,  editor  of  Hefiod. 

(/)  Died  1762  ;  his  only  fon,  Sampfon,  is  now  Lord  of  the  Manor. 

(^)  See  p.  5H;   and  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  107. 

Ih)  Father  of  the  Rev.  Ifaac  Goflet,  D.  D.  F.  11.  S. 

John 


THE    GENTLEMEN'S    SOCIETY  AT   S  P  A  L  D  I  N  G.  xxil', 

John  Grano,   Muf.  Bacc.   Auguft  6,    1724;  died 

'ihomas  Greaves.  Mdich  11,  1735.   Died  April  1740. 

Edward  Gieen,  Surgeon,   December  24,    1724.J   died  1727. 

John  Green  ('.),  Student  of  Sc.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  Second  Secre- 

t,ary  and  Librarian,     July  13,  1727.  R. 
William  Green,   Surgeon,   April  11,    1728;   died  1737. 
William  Grenville,  Alford.    Sub  Vic.  Com. 

Jofeph  Grifoni,   Architecl  and  Painter,  Florence.  06t.  22,  1741  (/). 
John  Grundy,  Land  Surveyor  and  Mathematician,  June  10,   Jy],!-   Died 

i74B(/). 

John  Grundy,  Junior,  Surveyor  and  Agent  for  Adventurers  for  Deeping 
Fens,  Dec.  zy,  1739. 

Robert  Guy,  Elq.  Surgeon  of  St.  Eartholomew's  Hofpital,  S.  R.  S.  De- 
cember 24,   1724. 

Sir  Chrillopher  Hales,  Bart.  fmj. 

John  Hardy,  of  Nottingham,  S.  A.  S.   1720,  December  24,   1724. 

Rev.  Richard  Hardy,  M.  A.  Aug.  24,  1738. 

Hovv'ion  Hargrave,   Boflon,  Feb.  4,    1741-3. 

John  Harries,  Efq.  of  Lincoln's-inn,   in  Antigua.   May  8,  1729. 

John  Harryfon,  Bctanift  andOardener  in  Cambridge,  February  8,  1753  («). 

Ifaac  Heath,  061.  7,  1725.  R. 

Dr.  Mufgrave  Heighington,  Organifl:  of  Yarmouth,  Auguft  12,  1738(0). 

(i)  Phyfician  at  Spalding,  married  Maurice  Johnfon's  eldefl:  daughter.  He 
fliewed  at  the  Spalding  Society  a  valuable  Onyx  from  Aldliorough  in  Yorkfliire, 
the  fize  of  a  feal,  with  a  ViAory  on  a  prow  holding  a  rudder  in  her  right  and  a 
laurel  in  her  left  hand.     See  pp.  eg,  60. 

(k)  See  Anecdotes  of  Painting,  IV.  19. 

(/)  John  Grundy  was  an  accurate  land  furveyor  and  teacher  of  raatherhatics,  much 
employed  in  drawing  and  furveying  the  navigations  in  the  counties  of  Chefter, 
Lancafter,  and  Lincohi.  (See  Brit.  Top.  I.  260.  266*.  530,  531.)  FL-  publifhed  a 
map  of  the  river  Witham,  and  furveyed  the  manor  of  Spalding,  and  made  a  plan  of 
the  town  as  a  prefent  to  the  Society's  Mufeum,  to  which  he  added  perfpedlive 
views  of  the  public  buildings.  See  p.  s,^.  He  lett  a  fon  of  hi:;  own  name  and  profef- 
fion,  now  in  great  repute,  and  refident  at  Spalding. 

(w)  He  fucceeded  his  father  Sir  Edward  1720,  anJ  was  fucceeded  by  Sir  John, 
the  prefant  baronet. 

(«)  Author  of  "  A  New  Method  of  iiiaking  the  Banks  in  the  Fens  almofl  impreg- 
"  nablc,  and  preparing  the  Lands  there  for  the  growth  of  Timber.  Cambridge,, 
xySb.''  8vo.     See  Brit.  Top.  I.  lOo. 

(0)  He  gave  an  Oriental  MS.  p.  429. 

Henry. 


rMV  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY    OF 

Henry  Heron,  of  CrefTy  Hall,  Knight  of  the  Shire,  September  6,  1722  (/>). 
John  Herring,  of  Grofvenor  Street,  Augult  14,    1729. 
John  Hepburn,   Surgeon,   Stamford,  June  20,    1723. 
Mark  Hilderlky,  M.  A.    Vicar  of  Hitchin(^;. 

Joha 

(/)  The  family  of  Heron  of  CrefTy  hall,  in  Surfleet,  are  now  qutic  eKtinfl,  and 
the  hall  converted  to  a  farm  houfe.     In  the  chancel  are  the  following  epitaphs : 

On  a  blue  flab,  "  Sir  Henry  Heron,  K.  B.  of  Creffy-hall  in  this  parifh,  died 
Aug.  9,   1695,  an.  76.'  Another  for  his  fon  Henry,  born  and  died  July  12,   167^. 

Mural  monuments  for  Henry  ion  of  Sir  Henry  by  Dorothy  daughter  of  Sir  James 
Long,  of  Dra\cot,  Bart,  in  whorn  ended  the  antient  family  of  Heron,  of  Ford 
Callle,   Northumberland,  and  privy  counfellQr  to  Henry  VIII.     He  died   Sept.  10, 

1730,  set.  55.     His  wife  Abigail,  daughter  of  Ileveningham,  of  Hevening- 

ham-hall,  died  1735. 

Dame  Anne  Fraler,  daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Heron,  relicl  of  Sir  Peter  Frafer,  Bart, 
died  Aug.  25,   1769,  aged  92. 

(q)  This  primitive  pried  and  biOiop  wns  fon  of  Mark  Hilderfley,  recflorof  Hough- 
ton and  Witton  in  the  county  of  Huntingdon,  who  died  about  1724  or  1725,  when 
the  living  was  offered  to  his  fon  by  Sir  John  Barnard,  to  hold  on  terms  for  a  minor, 
which  he  declined.  He  was  born  at  Marfton  in  the  county  of  Kent,  169S,  educated  ac 
the  Charter  houfe,  at  19  removed  toTrinity  college  Cambridge,whercot  hewasekfled 
fellow  172:;.  In  1724  he  was  appointed  Whitehall  preacher  by  bifhop  Gibfon  ;  in 
1731  prefented  by  his  college  to  the  vicarage  of  Hitchen,  and  in  1  735  to  the  neigh- 
bouring reftory  of  Holwell  in  the  county  ot  Bedtord,  by  R.  Radcliffe,  efq.  who  had  a 
fingular  refpeft  for  his  many  amiable  and  engaging  qualities,  and  alwas  called  him 
Father  Hilderfley.  This  re<^ory  he  retained  with  the  mafterfliip  of  an  hofpital  in 
Du'-ham,  given  him  by  the  biihop  of  that  fee  after  his  promotion  to  the  fee  of 
•Sodor  and  Man.  He  diftinguiflied  himfelf  by  a  diligent  attendance  on  the  duties 
of  his  extenfive  parifh,  which  had  been  much  neglected  by  his  predeceffor,  took 
his  conftant  rounds  in  viluing  his  parifhioners  both  in  town  and  country,  and  preach- 
ing alternately  with  his  curate  at  both  living;;,  and  every  Friday  evening  in  the 
year  at  7  inftruifted  and  catechized  the  younger  part  in  the  church,  and  on  Good 
Fridays  diftributed  books  to  them.  He  generally  preached  from  memory  or  (hort 
notes,  and  at  a  vifuation  at  Baldock  delivered  the  whole  difcourfe  to  the  clergy 
from  memory,  with  a  very  agreeable  adJrels.  His  conftant  attention  to  the  duties 
of  his  funRion,  and  his  inability  to  keep  a  curate  before  he  had  HoKvell,  im- 
paired his  weakly  conllitution.  He  bell;owed  great  expence,  foon  after  his  inflitu- 
tion,  on  his  vicaiage  houfe,  which  was  before  a  poor  mean  dwelling;  and  he  took 
four  or  fix  leleft  boarders  into  his  houfe  for  inllruiflion.  His  exemplary  conduft  in 
this  humble  (tation  recommended  him  10  the  duke  ol  Athol  as  a  fit  fucccfTor  to  the 
worthy  bi'hop  VVilfon,  whofe  noble  delign  of  printing  a  tranflation  of  the  whole 
Bible  in  the  M  inks  language  he  brought  to  a  moll  happy  conclufion,  immediately 
alter  his  confccration  in  1755,  and  died  within  ten  days  of  its  completion,  of  a 
paralytic  faoke,  December  7,  1772,  and  was  buried  according  to  his  defire  as  near 
5  to 


THE  GENTLEMEN'S  SOCIETY  AT  SPALDING.     xxV 

John  Hill,  Apothecary,  Broad  Way,  Weftmlnfter,  M.  D.F.  R.S.  (r). 
George  Holmes,  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Records  in  the  Tower,  October 

3r,    1728;   died    iy4.S  fs). 
Rev.  Henry  Howard,  Aug.  22,  1723.  Died  1728.  R. 
Robert    Huiiter,    General  and  Goven.or  of  Jamaica,   S.  R.  S.   ALirch  9, 

1726  ;   died  i734('/j. 
Rev.  Thomas  Hunter,  Deputy  Librarian,  Curate  of  Spalding.  Sept.  5, 

1728.   Died  1750.  R. 
Thomas  Orby  Hunter,  Efq.  Odi.  10,  i'j^4.(ji). 
Jofeph  Hinfon.  Feb.  4,  1741-2. 

John  Hurthoufe,     May  27,  r  742.     Declared  off"  from  iji^Q. 
Giles  Hufley,  Efq.   Painter,   Dorchelter.  (r) 
Rev.  Samuel  Hutchinfon,  A.  M.  Reclor  of  Langton,  and  Prebendary  01 

Lincoln,  December  25,   1729. 
Dr.  Samuel  Hutchins,  Fellow  of  St.  John's,    Cambridge,  at    Stamford; 

died  1751. 
William  Hyde,   Vicar  of  Long  Sutton,    February  16,   1726;    died  1735. 

to  his  predrcefior  as  poffible.  His  farewel  fermon  at  Hiiclien  drew  tears  from  all 
who  heard  it,  and  when  he  vifited  the  parilh  two  years  after,  on  his  return  to  Eng- 
land from  his  fee,  he  reconized  atTeftionately  the  meanelt  of  his  friends  and  cate- 
chumens. He  preached  another  affeftionate  dilcourfe  to  them,  and  when  he  left 
the  town  the  ftreets  were  crouded  with  multitudes  to  pav  him  every  mark  of  re- 
verence, which  he  returned  with  equal  kindnefs.  From  MS.  notes  of  the  late  Mr. 
Jones,  curate  to  Dr.  Young  at  Wehvyn. 

(r)  Q^  Whether  the  celebrated  knight  and  author  of  that  name,  who  died  in. 
1775,  and  whole  library  was  fold  hv  Langford,  May  21, 1776,  and  Feb.  14,  1777  ? 
He  was  an  apothecary  in  the  Broad  Way,  Welf minder,  but  never  was  F.R.S. 

(i)  See  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowycr,  pp.  97.  541.  619, 

(/j  See  an  account  of  him  and  his  epitaph,  Hiftory  of  Croyland,  p.  77.  Alfo  ia 
Biographia  Dramatica,  Vol.  1. 

(«)Lord  of  the  manor  of  Croyland.  Died  176S.  In  1754  he  redded  at  Tiken- 
cote,  a  feat  of  the  Wingfieids.     Lodge,  Irifh  Peerage,  HL  347. 

(a)  "  GilesHuflcy,  of  Marnhill,infhe  county  of  Dorfet,  efq.  the  prefent  reprcfenta- 
tive  of  a  very  ancient  family,  and  a  living  honour  to  the  county,  by  many  years  ftudy 
of  the  remains  of  ancient  fculpture  and  the  mod  celebrated  paintings  during  his 
abode  in  Italy,  and  by  his  own  great  genius,  has  rendered  his  name  famous  by  his 
elegant  and  highly  finilhed  drawings,  of  which  a  moft  valuable  treafure  is  now  in  the 
hands  of  Matthew  Duane,  Efq.  of  Lincoln's  Inn."  (Hutchins's  Dorfet,  vol.  ii.p.  5G0.) 
Sir  John  Evelyn  read  at  the  Antiquary  Society,  1734,  an  extrad  of  a  letter  from 
Rome,  mentioning  that  one  Huffey,  a  Dorfetlhire  gencieman,  was  the  molf  cele- 
brated mailer  in  drawing  there.  He  is  i\\[\  living  in  retirement  ar  Ringwood, 
where  lodging  with  an  apothecary  who  died  in  narrow  circumifances,  he  took  upon 
himfelf  the  care  of  his  children,  and  from  their  father's  receipts  carried  on  the 
bufinefs,  and  fold  medicines  for  their  benefit,  renouncing  from  motives  of  pure  bene- 
volence his  original  profeifion,  in  which  he  had  been  fo  cmineutly  dillinguilhcd. 

d  d  Job 


xxvi  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY    OF 

Job  Jcilla,  Priefi:,  at   Bond  a  in  Africa,  (j)')     Died  1773. 

John  Jackfon,  Mcrcliaiit.   Dec.  12,  1728.  R. 

Wiitiam  Jackibn,  the  Poet,  at  the  Cuftora-houfe,  Bofton. 

Charles  jcnncus,  Efq.  Gopfnl,  Leicefterihire.     Died  1773(2). 

Dale  Ingram,  Surgeon,  Tower-hill  (^). 

John  Ingram,  Lieutenant-  Oct.  2,  1746. 

Maurice  Johnfon,  Son  of  the  Secret,  oUhe  Inner  Temple.  May  31,  1733, 

Walter  Johnfon,  Student  of  the  Inner  Temple.  061.  22,  1741  (Ji). 

John  Johnfon,  Elq.  Treafurer,  May  31,  1733  (r). 

{y)  Job  hen  Solomon  ben  Abraham  ben  Abdulta  by  his  firft  wife  Tanomata, 
was  born  at  Bonda,  a  town  founded  by  his  father  Ibrahim,  in  the  kingdom  of  Futa 
or  Sanaga,  which  lies  on  both  fides  the  river  Senegal  or  Sanaga,  and  extendsfas  far 
as  the  Gaaibra.  Being  lent  by  his  farher,  Feb.  1 7:50-1,  to  fell  fome  flaves  to  Capt. 
Pyke,  commander  of  a  trading  veffel  belonging  to  Mr.  Hunt,  and  not  agreeing  about 
their  price,  he  fct  out  with  another  black  merchant  on  an  expedition  acrofs  the 
Gambra  ;  but  they  were  taken  prifoners  by  the  Mandingos,  a  nation  at  enmity  with 
his  own,  and  fold  for  flaves  to  Capt.  Pyke  aforefaid,  who  immediately  fent  propofals 
to  his  father  for  their  redemption.  The  fliip  failing  before  the  return  of  an  anfwer. 
Job  was  carried  to  Annapolis,  and  delivered  to  Mr.  Denton,  faftor  to  Mr.  Hunt. 
He  fold  him  to  Mr.  Tolfey  of  Maryland,  from  whom,  though  kindly  treated,  he 
efcapcd,  and  being  committed  to  prifon  as  a  fugitive  flave,  difcovered  himfelf  to  be 
a  Mahometan.  Being  at  length  conveyed  to  England,  a  letter  addreffed  to  him  by 
his  father  fell  into  the  hands  of  Gen.  Oglethorpe,  who  immediately  gave  bond  to  Mr. 
Hunt  for  payment  of  a  certain  fum  on  his  delivery  in  England.  Accordingly  he 
arrived  in  England  1735,  '^"'^  ^^^*  Oglethorpe  was  gone  to  Georgia.  Mr.  Hunt  pro- 
vided him  a  lodging  at  Limehoufe  •,  and  Mr.  Bluet,  who  firft  found  him  out  in  Mary- 
land, took  him  down  to  his  houfe  at  Chelhunt.  The  African  Company  undertook 
for  his  redemption,  which  was  foon  elfefled  by  Nathaniel  Braffey,  Efq.  member 
for  Hertford,  for  /'40.  and  £%o.  bond  and  charges,  by  a  fubfcription  amounting 
to  6o£..  Being  now  free,  he  tranflated  feveral  Arabic  MSS.  for  Sir  Hans  Sloane, 
who  got  him  introduced  at  court,  and  after  14  months  ftay  in  London  he  returned 
home  loaded  with  prefents  to  the  amount  of  /'500.  He  found  his  father  dead,  and  his 
native  country  depopulated  by  war.  He  was  of  a  comely  perfon,  near  fix  feet  high, 
pleafant  but  grave  countenance,  acute  natural  parts,  great  perfonal  courage,  and  of  fo 
retentive  a  memory  that  he  could  repeat  the  Koran  by  heart  at  15,  and  wrote  it  over 
three  times  in  England  by  memory.  See  Mr.  Bluet's  Memoirs  of  him  in  an  8vo. 
pamphlet  of  63  pages,  1734.     Moore's  Travels  and  Aftley's  Voyages,  II.  234 — 240. 

(z)  Editor  of  five  plays  of  Shakefpear.  See  Life  of  Mr.  Bovvyer,  p.  442 — 444. 
His  colleftion  of  piftures  at  his  houfe  in  GreatOrmond-ftreet,  difperfed  by  auftion 
after  his  death,  is  defcribcd  in  London  and  its  Environs,  vol.  V.  p.  76 — 97,  and  in 
the  Connoiffeur,  8vo,  and  his  houfe  at  Gopfal  in  Young's  Tour. 

(^)  Author  of  an  Effay  on  the  Plague,  1 755,  8vo.  He  praftifcd  firft  as  furgeon 
and  man-midwife  at  Barnet,  and  wrote  on  Inoculation. 

{b)  Second  fon  of  the  founder.  (f)  Uncle  to  the  founder  ;  died  1744. 

Captain 


THE  GENTLEMEN'S  SOCIETY   AT  SPALDING,    xnm 

William  Johnfon,  Merchant  at  Surat.  Jan.  28,  ly 4.1-2  (if). 
Captain  Johijfon.  March  31,  1733  (^). 

George  Johnfon,  a  Demi  of  Magdalen  Coll.  Oxon.  Nov.  29,  1753  (f). 
Henry  Euftace  Johnfon,  Affiliant  Secretary  at  Madras.  Nov.  22,  1753  {g)- 
Henry  Johnfon,  S.  A.  S.  December  24,   1724  (/»). 
Richard  Jones,   Mafter  of  Muiick  ;  died 
James  Jurin,  M.  D.  Soc.  Reg.  Seer.  February  27,   1723  (/). 
Calamy  Ives,  at  Wragmarfli  (^). 
Thomas  Ives,  Merchant.  Jan.  13,  1731  (/). 
Rev.  White  PCennett,  July  31,   1729;  died  1740  (w). 
John  King,  M.  D.  at  Stamford,  Auguftiz,   1724;  died  I728(«). 
Gerald  de  Courcy,  Lord  Kinfale,  Odober  31,  lyzS^oy 
Richard  Kirk,  A.M.  June  22,   1729;  died 

Samuel  Knight,  D.  D.  Archdeacon  of  Bucks,  Prebend  of  Ely,  Re(5lor 
of  Bluntiham  ;  died  1746  (^). 

(d)  Sixth  fon  of  the  founder. 

(e)  Query.     If  not  Maurice  of  the  Inner  Temple,  before  mentioned. 

(/)  Second  coufni  to  the  founder,  and  fon  of  Walter  Johnfon,  re^or  of  Red  Mar- 
ihall,  CO.  Durham. 

(^)  Fifth  fon  of  the  founder. 

(z)  Fellow  of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  171 1,  and  afterwards  Well  known  ia 
London  as  an  eminent  phyfician.  He  was  editor  of  Varcnius's  Geography,  2  vols 
8?o.  171 2,  publilhed  at  the  requefl;  of  Sir  Ifaac  Newton  and  Dr.  Bentley  ;  and  au- 
thor of  many  learned  diflertations  in  the  Philofophical  Tranfaflions.  His  Difler- 
tations  de  Potentia  cordis  in  N^  338,  and  his  Epiftle  in  defence  of  it  in  N''  362-, 
both  addrelfcd  to  Dr.  Mead,  are  written  in  an  elegant  Latin  ftyle;  and  his  conduft 
towards  his  deceafed  adverfary,  Dr.  Keil,  is  genteel  and  handfome,  wherein  is  pre- 
ferved  the  jlrmonum  honos  et  vivax  gratia,  fo  much  defired  in  all  literary  contcfts. 
He  was  a  great  encourager  of  inoculation.  He  was  alfo  Fellow  of  the  College  of 
Phyficians,  and  of  the  Royal  Society,  and  fecretary  to  the  latter,  on  the  refignation 
of  Dr.  Halley,  1721,  and  their  prefident  fome  months  before  his  death;  phy- 
fician to  Guy's  hofpital,  governor  of  St.  Thomas's,  and  ftyled  by  Voltaire,  in  the 
Journal  de  Scavans,  x\it  famous  Jurin.  He  died  the  22d  of  March,  1749-50,  in 
the  66th  year  of  his  age.     See  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  536. 

{k)  Apothecary  at  \Vilbeach.  p.  412. 

(/)  Q^  if  not  the  father  of  John  Ives,  efq.  the  Antiquary  (who  died  June  9* 
1776,  and  of  whom  fee  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  463.)  John  Ives,  efq.  zn 
eminent  merchant  of  Great  Yarmouth,  died  0<ft.  i,  1758,  aged  74,  after  acquiring 
a  fortune  of  about  70,000/.  which  his  fon  is  fince  Uippofed  to  have  doubled. 

(w)  Second  fon  of  the  Bifliop  of  Peterborough. 

(k)  Editor  of  Euripides'  Hecuba,  Oredcs,  and  Phoeniffie;  to  which  Dr.  Morcll 
added  the  Alceflis,  1748,  2  vols.  8vo.     Of  hi:n  fee  p.  Ho. 

((/)  24th  Lord  Kinfale;  lucceeded  to  the  title  1721  ;  died  1765. 

(/>)  See  pp.  188,  190,  472.  and  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowvcr,  pp.  98.  547. 

d  d  2  James 


xxviii  A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X    T  O    T  HE    H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    O  F 

James  du  Kiiuiight,  Pointer,  Amflerdam. 

Richard  Lake,  of  Wilbeach,   April  27,    1721-:  died  1727. 

John  Landen,  of  Walton,  near  Peterborough,  Mathematician  and  Surveyor, 

Edward  Lawrence,   Land  Surveyor;   died  ij/^o(q), 

Manwaring  Lawton,  M.  A.  061.4,  1739. 

Carteret  Leethes. 

Smart  Lethieullier,  Efq.   Aug.  16.  1733  (>'). 

Jolin  Bi(hop  of  Lincoln  (i). 

Earl  of  Lincoln  ft). 

Rev.  Pvoger  Long,   D.  D.  Mafter  of  Pembroke  Hall  {u). 

Francis   Lockyer,   D.  D.   Dean   of  Peterborough,   July    21,    1726;   died 

i74o.(x)  ^a 

Rev.  John  Lodge,  Stamford. 

John  Lymwood,  December  24,   1729;  died  1757. 

George  Lynn,  jiin.  luner  Temple,   0£tober  3,    1723  (y). 

John   Lynn,  of  St.  John's,  Cambridge,   Vicar  of  Soutliwyk,  Reclor  oF 

Munflow,  Sliroplhire,  Odober  1 2,    1727;  died  1749.(2) 
Walter  Lynn,  M.  B.  of  Peterhoufc,  Cambridge,  November  3,   1712. 

(q)  Author  of  "  The  Duty  of  a  Steward  to  his  Lord,  1727,"  4to.  defigned 
originally  for  the  ufe  of  the  Itev/ards  and  tenants  of  the  duke  of  Buckmgham,  and 
dedicated  to  the  duchefs  ;  and  "  A  Differtatbn  on  Eftatcs  upon  Lives  and  Years, 
whether  in  lay  or  church  hands,  with  an  exaft  calculation  of  their  real  worth  by 
proper  tables,  and  the  reafons  for  their  different  valuations,  1730,"  Svo. 

(r)  Died  1760.  See  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  pp.  106.  547.  and  Gent.  Mag. 
1760,  p.  443. 

(j)  John  ThoiTias,  of  Catherine-hall,  Cambridge,  fucceeded  Bifhop  Reynolds 
1743,  w»s  tranflatcd  to  Salifbury  1761,  where  he  died  1766.  He  refided  many 
years  at  Hamborough  as  chaplain  to  the  Englifb  faftory,  and  while  there  pubhlhed 
a  Speftator  in  High  German,  of  which  language  he  was  a  great  mafter.  While 
bifhop  of  Lincoln  he  was  the  patron  of  Dr.  Taylor.  (See  Gent.  Mag.  1781. 
p.  625). 

(/)  Henry  feventh  earl,  who  fucceeded  his  father  1693,  and  died  1723,  or  his 
fccond  fbn  Henry,  who  fucceeded  to  the  title  of  duke  of  Newcaftle-under-Lyne,  1 768k 
(a)  See  p.  83.     He  died  Dec.  16,  1770,  aged  91. 

(.v)  On  the  fouth  wall  of  the  choir  at  Peterborough  is  this  epitaph  for  him : 

Francis  Lockyer,  S.  T.  P. 

qui  cum  15  annos 

huic  eccIefiiE  decanus  prefuiffet 

obiit  17  diejulii,  A.  D.  174a, 

iBtatis  fuie  74. 

He  left  his  books  to  the  cathedral  library.      He  had  been  re(ftorof  Handfworth  in 

the  county  of  York. 

(j)  Fellow  commoner  of  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge. 

O)  Nephew  and  chaplain  to  Sir  Edward  Bellamy,  Lord  Mayor  of  London. 

Rev. 


THE    GENTLEMEN'S    SOCIETY    AT    SPALDING,    xxix 

Rev.  Dr.  Charles  Lyttelton,  of  Unlverfity  Coll.  Oxford,  Dean  of  Exeter, 

Bifhop  of  Carliflc,  and  F.  R.  and  A.  S.  (a). 
Lot  Maet.  Jan.  2,  1724.  expelled  for  Non-payment.  R. 
Robert  Maet,  of  Warwick  Court,  Newgate  Street,  Auguft  10,   1727. 
Charles  Mannlngham,  Efq.  Council  at  Bombay. 
Sir  Richard  Manyngham,  Knt.  M.  D.  December  24,   i724> 
Dr.  Thomas  Manniiigham,  of  London.  March  12,  1740. 
Sir  George  Markham,  Ijart.  F.  R.  S.  {b). 
Thomas  Martin,  of  Thetford  (c). 
Dr.  Ricliaid  Mead,  his  Majefty's  Phyficiau  (d).. 
Jonathan  Mercer,  of  Spalding,  0\51:pber  7,    1725. 
Captain  Chridopher  Middleton,  F.R.  S. 
Thomas  Milles,  fen.  January  18,   1727. 
Rev.  Thomas  Milles,  jun.  Schoolmafter  of  Donington,  Auguft  29,   1725, 

a  Regular  M-ember  from  January,   1729;  died  1746(f). 
Jofeph  Milles,  B..A..  of  Jelus  coL  Cambridge,  November  29,  1753.  (/) 
John  Mitchell,  M.  D.  London. 

Michael  Mitchell,  of  London,  Surgeon,  December  28',    1727  ;  died  1728-. 
Rene  Mitchell,  Surgeon,  Spalding,  April  25,   1723;  died  1729. 
Robert  Mitchell,  M.  D.  ofEpfom,  January  21,   1721. 
John  Montague^  D.  D.  Dean  of  Durcfme,  Auguft  22,   1723;  died  1728* 
Capt.   Hugh   Montgomery,  of   North  Gave,  near  Beverley,  Yorkfhire, 

July  10,    1729  ;   died 
Cromwell   Mortimer  (^),  M.D.  F.  R..  and  A.  S.  July   28,  1737.     Died 

1752. 
Rev.  James  Mufcatt,  Schoolmafter  of  Bofton. 

\a^  Eledted  1746,  pp.  425.  429.  See  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  122.  He 
was  elefted  Prefident  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London,  nnd  died  I'uch  De- 
cember 22,  1768  -,  and  the  Society,  in  regard  to  his  merit,  and  the  procurement  of 
their  charter  during  his  prefidency,  and  his  bequefl:  of  books  and  MSS.  to  their  li- 
brary, caufed  an  elegant  print  to  be  made  of  him  1770. 

(/>)  Of  Sedgbrook  and  Nottingham;  died  at  Bath,  June  9,  1736,  unmarried, 
leaving  his  eftate  to  Dr.  Bernard  Wilfon,  vicar  of  Newark,  and  prebendary  of 
Lincoln,  who  died  April  30,  1772,  and  was  fucceeded  in  tiie  latter  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Samuel  Pegge.     The  title  devolved  on  his  coufin  John  James. 

(f)  Died  1771.     See  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bo  vyer,  p.  132. 

{^i)  Died  1754.     See  the  I,ife  of  Mi.  B(^wyer,   pyi.  252.  256. 

(f)  He  was  ot  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  and  married  a  fiftcr  of  Mr.  Ben» 
jamin  Ray,  hereafter  mentioned,  by  whom  he  had  Jofeph  Milles,  next  mentioned. 

(/)  Now  perpetunl  curate  of  Cowbitt.  He  publiQied  by  fubfcripiion  an  Lnglilh 
iranflation  of  Sophocles,  and  feveral  other  pieces. 

(^g)  See  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  pp.  124.  551. 

Andre# 


XXX  APPENDIX    TO   THE    HIS  TORY    OF 

Andrew  Motte,  S.  A.  S.   1724,  Reader  of  Aftronomy.  Led.   Grefliaiu 

College,  January  30,    1728. 
Charles  La  Motte,  D.  D(/6). 
John  Muller,  of  Lorraine  (/'). 

James  Munday,  Clerk  of  the  Rules  in  the  King's  Bench. 
Hon.  Thomas  Murray,  Capt.  in  the  Guards,  April  25,   1723  ;  died  1740, 
Timothy  Neve,  jun.  Fellow  of  Corpus  Chrilti  College,  Oxford,  1746  (-^). 
Robert  New,  Eiq.  Middle  Temple  (/). 
Kev.  Dr.  John  Newcome,  Dean  of  Rocheflcr,  S.  T.  B.  Margaret  Profeff. 

Divin.  Camb.  September  3,    1730  (ffi)- 
John  Newman,  December  24,   1724. 
Sir  Isaac  Newton,  0£lober  22,   1724;  died  1727. 
John  Newflead,  the  Prefident's  Clerk,  cleft ed  Nov.  i4»  175  ,  inftead  of 

his  late  Clerk. 
"William  Noel,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Deputy  Recorder  of  Stamford, 

King's  Council,  December  24,   1724;  afterwards  Judge  of  the  Com- 
mon Pleas.     Died  Dec.  8,  1762. 
Richard  NorclifF,  Merchant,  at  Frederickfhall,  Norway  («). 
Rev.  George  North,  Vicar  of  Codicot,  Herts,  Curate  of  Weilwyn.     Died 

1772  («j.  _       _  _ 

Sir  Chaloner  Ogle,  Admiral  in  America.  Died  1750  (/>). 
Anthony  Oldfield,  Northumberland  Houfe,  Steward  to  the  Dutchefs  of 

Somerfet. 
Rev.  Edward  Owen,  B.  A.  of  St,  John's  coll.  Oxon.  at  Kimbolton. 
'Edward  Earl  of  Oxford,  February  25,   1728;  died  1741. 
-Dr.  James  Parfons,  Red  Lion  Square  C^). 

(Zi)  Chaplain  to  the  duke  of  Montague  and  to  the  late  Prince  of  Wales,  and 
F.  A.  S.  He  preached  a  fermon  at  Stamford  Florid  Fcaft  in  St.  Martin's  church 
there  '1.742  ;  pubiiftied  "  An  Effay  on  the  State  and  Condition  of  Phyficians  among 
"  the  Ancients,  occafioned  by  a  late  DilTcrtation  of  Dr.  Middleton's,  1728."  Sec 
the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  37. 

(/)  An  eminent  mathematician,  eled:ed  and  admitted  an  honorary  member  by 
ballot  June  5,  1735.     f?ee  p.  57. 

(k)  Son  of  Dr.  Neve  before-mentioned,  p.  ix.  See  Mr.  Johnfon's  Letters  to 
him,  417 — 435.  He  was  elefted  Margaret  profeflor  of  divinity  at  Oxford,  April 
.178^,  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Randolph. 

(/)  One  of  the  clerks  of  the  papers  in  the  King's  Bench.  Died  July  18,  1762. 
1-lis  library  was  fold  by  auftion  oy  Baker  the  fame  year. 

(;;;)  Mafter  of  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge.  Died  1765.  Sec  the  Life  of 
Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  17. 

(«)  See  p.  75—78- 

(0)  See  more  of  him  in  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  112, 115. 
■fj)  See  p.  392. 

iq)  Died  1770.    Sec  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  384. 

Triacey 


THE    GENTLEMEN'S    SOCIETY    AT   SPALDING,    xxx 

Tracey  Pauncefort,  Efq.  of  Wytham  on  the  Hill.  May  14,  1730.  Died 

17^3. 
Veiura  li  Paymns,  a  Monk. 
Dr.  Zachary  Pearce  (r),   Reiior  of  St.  Martin's  in  the  Fields,  Aug.  21, 

1729. 
Rev.  Samuel  Pegge,  M.  A.  of  St.  John's   coll.  Cambr.  July  23,   1730(5). 
Capt.  John  Perry,  Engineer,   Adventurer   for   draining   Dcepnig   Fenn?,. 

April  16,    1730  (O- 
Edward  Piiicke,   Druggift.  See  p.  403. 
Rev.  Dr.  Richard  Pococke,  LL.  D.  Archdeacon  of  Dublin  (a). 

(r)  Dean  of  Windfor  1739,  Bifliop  of  Bangor  17. 5,  Bifiiop  of  Rochefter  and- 
Deaii  oi:  vVeftmii>fter  1756;  died  1774.     See  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,   p.  429. 

(s)  In  ■  734,  lie  lent  them  a  criticalletter  on  the  name  and  town  of  Wye  :  1739. 
an  account  ot  a  religious  houfe  in  Canterbury,  not  noticed  before,  his  conjecflurei 
on  which  "ere  approved  by  Dr.  John  Thorpe,  of  Rochefter.  An  account  of  the 
endowment  of  the  vicarage  of  Wcftfield  in  SufTex,  by  Richard  ficond  bifhop  of 
Chichefter,  1249,  in  the  hands  of  Sir  Peter  Webfler,  bart.  Account  ot  the 
amphitheatre  in  the  garden  of  the  nuns  of  Fidciitc  at  Angers:  the  arena  150 
feet  diameter,  outer  wall  20  feet  thick,  the  caveje  14  feet  long  and  wide,  with 
layers  of  Roman  brick  and  llone  3  or  4  feet  afunder.  In  1733,  his  lif-"  of  arch- 
bifhop  Kerape  was  in  forwardnefs  for  pref?,  and  he  foilicited  aflirtance  for  it 
from  MSS.  See  his  explanation  of  a  Roman  infcription,  p.  86.  He  is  ftill  living, . 
prebendary  of  Lincoln,  and  rcftor  of  VVhitting;ion,  co.  Derby. 

(0  Author  of  "The  State    of  PvuHia,  1716,"   8vo,  and  "An  Account  of  the 
flopping   of  Dagenham  breach,   i72i,'"8yo.     He  refided  many  years  in   Ruffia, 
having  been  recommended  to  the  czar  Peter  while  in  England,  as  a   perfon  capable 
of  feiving  him  on  feveral  occafions  relating  to  his  new  defign  of  eftablifhing  a  fleet, 
making  his  rivers  navigable.  Sec.     He  was  taken  into  his  fervice  at  a  falary  ot  £^00,. 
per  annum,  with  travelling  charges  and  fubfiftence  money  on  whatever  fervice  he 
fhould  be  employed,  befides  a  farther  reward  to  his  fatisfaftion  at  the  conclufion  of 
any  work  he  fhould  finilh.     After  fome  converfation  with  the  czar  himfelf,  particu- 
larly towards  making  a  communication  between  the  rivers  Volga  and  Don,  he  was 
•mployed  on  this  work  three  fummers  fucccrHvely  ;  but  not  being  properly  fupplied 
with  men,  partly  on  account  of  the  ill  fuccefs  of  his   Czarifli  maicfty's  arms  againft 
the  Swedes  at  the  battle  of  Narva,  and  partly  by  the  difcouragemeut  of  the  governor 
of  Aftracan,  he  was  ordered  at  the  end  ot  1707  to  flop,  and  next  year  employed  in 
refitting  the  fhips  at  V^eronife,  and  1709  in  making  the  river  of  that  name  navigable;. 
but  after  repeated  difappointments  and  fruitlefs  applications  for  his  falary, he  atlaft 
quitted  the  kingdom  under  the  protection  of  Mr.  Whifworth  the  Englilh  ambail^tdor' 
in  1712.     See  his  Narrative  in   the  Preface  to  "  The  State  of  Ruflia."     In    172I- 
he  was  employed  in  flopping,  with  fuccefs,  the  breach  at  Dagenham,   wherein  fe- 
veral other  undertnkers  had  failed  ;  and  the  fame  year  about  the  harbour  at  Dublin, 
to  the  objeftions  againft  which  he  then  pubiiflied  an  anfwer.     He  died  February  11, 

1733- 

(k)  Afterwards  Bifliop  of  Oflory,  author  of  "  Travels  into  £gypt>  &c."  2  vols. 

foh   See  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  171.  561. 

Jofeph. 


xxxii  APPENDIX   TO   THE    HISTORY    OF 

Joiej-'li  Pole,  of  Beilin,  Jeweller,  Seal-cutter,  and  Engraver.  Feb.  8,  1755. 
Alexander  Pope,  VJ(.\.  Author  of  Eflay  on  Criticilm,    Windfor,   Sec, 

Oftober^i,    172S;   died  1744. 
Rev.  Morgan  Powell,  Kirton. 
Sir  Andrew  Michael  Ramfay,  Knt.  of  St.  Lazarus,  F.R.S.  March   12, 

i729(*). 
George  Ravenfcroft,  Efq.  Wykehain  Hall;  died  1752,  interred  in  Wy- 

kenham  Chapel. 
John  Ravenfcrofr,   Efq,  LufFenham. 
Hcv.  Benjamin  Ray,  perpetual  Curate  of  Cowbitt  and  Surfleet,  Sept.  5, 

1723.  became  honorary  on  his  removing  to  Sleford  School  and  Curacy, 

May  2,  1727,  again  was  Regular  Alember,  June  1729(^3. 

;  John 

(v)  Author  of"  The  Life  of  Cyrus,"  "  The  Phiiofophlcal  Principles  of  Natural 
*'  and  Revealed  Ileligion  unfolded,  in  a  GcometricalOrder,"  Glafgow,  1751 ;  z  vols. 
4to."  and  an  edition  of  "  The  Life  and  Works  of  Fenelon,"  propofals  for  a  tranfla- 
tion  of  which  laft  by  Mr.  GitTord  of  die  Temple  were  circulated  1734.  He  was 
born  June  9,  16S6.     Died  iSlay  6,  1743. 

(y)  A  mod:  ingenious  and  worthy  man,  poffefled  of  good  learning,  but  ignorant  of 
the  vvorlJ ;  indolent  and  thoughtlefs,  and  often  very  abfent.  He  was  a  native  of 
Spalding,  where  he  vTas  educated  under  Dr.  Neve,  and  aitcrwards  admitted  of  St. 
John's  College,  (Cambridge.  He  was  perpetual  curate  of  Surfleet,  of  which  he 
gave  an  account  to  the  Society,  and  curate  of  Cowbite,  which  i*  a  chapel  to  Spald- 
ing, in  the  gift  of  truftccs.  His  hermitage  of  oCers  and  willows  there  was  cc- 
Jebrated  by  William  Jackfon  of  Boiton,  in  a  MS',  heroic  poem,  in  the  introdudioa 
.of  which  arc  the  following  lines ; 

' Deign  to  view 

The  "humblefl  landflcip  that  the  Mule  ere  drew, 
To  follow  nature  yet  Ihe  makes  her  aim. 
Nature,  in  atoms  and  in  worlds  the  fame  ; 
The  fame  true  judgement  in  defcription  lies. 
In  drawing  heroes  or  in  drawing  flies. 
In  lowly  Covvbit  lofl  in  fogs  obfcene. 
As  Windfor  foreft  of  eternal  green  ; 
Ytt  if  fome  painter  Ihould  attempt  a  face 

OF  Venus,  or  of 's  mortal  grace, 

And  fail,  his  vanity  incurs  more  fliame, 
Than  if  hedampt  the  eyes  of  meaner  dame  ; 
So  ill-drawn  Cowbit  fliall  itfelf  C'xcufe, 
And  the  dull  fubjedl  fcreen  the  duller  Mufe. 

He   communicated  to  the  Royal  Society  ao  account  of  a  water-fpout  raifed  off  the 

land  in  Deeping  fen,  printed  in  their  Tranfa^ions,  vol.  XLVH.  p.  447,   and  of  an 

ancient  coin   to  Gent.  Mag.   1744.     There  are  feveral  diflertations  by  him   in 

6  this 


THE  GENTLEMEN'S  SOCIETY  AT  SPALDING,    xxxivi 

John  Michael  Reyefbrack,  Statuary,  London  (s). 

Tohu  Rownlnff,  M.  A.  (d\  ^,      , 

^  ^  Charles 

this  mifcellany.  He  was  Secretary  to  the  Society  17^5.  (pp.  '^1 ,  58.  63.) 
Mr.  Pegge,  about  1758,  had  acoiilultioii  with  Dr.  Taylor,  relideniiary  i)f  St.  Paul's, 
and  a  friend  of  Ray's,  to  get  him  removed  to  better  fuuations  ;  and  the  Dr.  was  in- 
clined to  do  it :  but  on  better  information,  and  mature  confideration,  it  was  thou;  ht 
then  too  late  to  tranfplant  him.  He  died  a  bachelor  at  Spalding  in  1760.  See  his 
communications  to  the  Society,  pp.  57,  58.  63.  He  alfo  communicated  in  ^''S. 
**  The  truth  of  the  Chriflian  religion  demonftrated  from  the  report  that  was  p  0- 
*'  pagated  throughout  the  Gentile  world  about  the  birth  of  Chrift,  that  a  MelTiali 
*'  was  expefted,  and  from  the  authority  of  heathen  writers,  and  from  the  coins  of 
*'  the  Roman  emperors  to  the  beginning  of  the  fecond  general  perfecution  under 
*'  Domitian,"  in  ten  fe£tions,  never  printed.  Alfo  a  MS.  catalogue  of  houfehold 
goods,  furniture,  and  ten  piftures,  removed  out  of  the  prefence  chamber,  26 
Charles  II.  14  Dec.  i663,  from  Mr.  Brown,  and  of  others  taken  out  of  the  cup- 
board in  her  chamber  24  Dec.  1668,  by  Mr.  Church,  which  were  carried  into  Sir 

''^^^^  own  lodgings.     Thefe  were   in  number  69.      Percy  Church,    Efq.  was 


fometime  page  of  honour  and  equerry  to  the  queen  mother  Henietta  Maria. 

A  MS.  catalogue  of  Italian  princes,  palaces,  and  paintings,  1735,  now  in  the 
Society's  Mufeum. 

1740,  a  large  and  well-written  hiftory  of  the  life  and  writings  of  the  great 
botanift,  his  name'fake,  by  Mr.  Dale,  which  was  read  and  approved. 

Jchn  Ray's  account  of  Cuba,  where  he  was  on  fliore  fome  months. 

Mr.  Johnfon  calls  him  his  kin/man,  and  fays  in  honour  of  him,  he  finds  the  in- 
fcription  on  the  lower  ledge  of  an  altar  tomb,  on  which  lies  a  mutilated  alabafler 
knight  in  armour  and  mail  in  Gofbcrkiike  ats  Golberton  chapel,  now  a  fchool  at 
Surfleet,  to  belong  to  Nicholas  Rie,  who  was  ilicrift  of  Lincolnihire  5  and  6  Edw.  I. 
1278,  and  died  1279  or  80.     The  infcription  was  then  in  Saxon  capitals : 

Hie  jacet  Nicolaus  Rey 
miles  et  Edmundus  filius 
ejus  -  -  -  animabus  propiti- 
etur  Deus.     Amen. 

It  is  now  ('7^2)  mutilated  and  fhut  up  by  wainfcot,  fo  that  only  the  fix  lafl:  words 
and  part  of  the  firft  remain. 

(z)  Died  Jan.  8,   1770.     See  Anecdotes  of  Painting,  vol.  I\^  p.  95 — 98. 

{a)  John  Rowning,  M.  A.  Fellow  of  Magdalen  College,  Cambridge,  and  afterwards 
reftor  of  Anderby  in  LincolnfKire,  in  thegift  of  that  fociety,  was  an  ingenious  mecha- 
nic, mathematician,  and  philofopher.  In  1738  he  printed  at  Cambridge  in  octavo,  "  A 
"  Compendious  Syllem  of  Natural  Philofophy."  This  was  afterwards  reprinted  with 
additions  in  1745.  He  was  a  conftantattendant  of  the  meetings  of  this  Society.  His 
only  daughter  and  executrix  married  Thomas  Brown  of  Spalding,  Efq.     He  died  at 

e  e  his 


xs.siv         APPENDIX    TO    THE     HISTORY    OF 

Charles  ReynoUls,  Son  of  the  BiflTop  of  Lincoln,  Chancellor  of  Lincoln, 
Proclor  for  the  Ciergy  of  the  Diocefe  in  Convocation,  September  28, 
1727  ;   died  Od.  5,  1766. 

Richard  Reynolds,  Bilhop  of  Lincoln,  September  7,  lyz-j  (Ji). 

Rev.  Richard  Reynolds,  IVI.  A.  St.  John's,  Camb.  February  8,   1753. 

John  Richards,  jun.   Spalding,  December  28,   1752. 

Sigifmund  Richarufon,  Mercliant,  Spalding,  Odober  9,    1 746;   1747-8. 

John  Rigden,  Subdean  of  St.  John's,  Camb.  March  3,    1725. 

John  Roberts,  Surgeon,  Canterbury. 

Rev.  Matthew  Robinfon(c),   Schoolmafter  of  Bofton  j  died  1745. 

John  Rogerfon,  Apothecary.  March  i,  1732-3. 

Rev.  John  Romeley,  Schoolmafter  of  Wroot  near  Epworth  (^). 

John  Rowell,  Prop.  Tranflator  of  Monf.  Lambert's  Letters  on  Educa- 
tion, 1746.  March  21,  1723.  R  (<?). 

Thomas  Rutherforth,  St.  John's  C.  Cambridge  (/'),  D.D.Jan.  28,  1 741-2. 

Thomas 

his  lodgings  in  Carey-ftreet  near  Lincoln's-Inn  Fields,  at  the  end  of  November  1771, 
aged  72. 

In  the  Cambridge  Chronicle  of  January  1 1,  1772,  was  an  Epitaph  by  J.  M.  [Jo- 
feph  Mills]   dated  from  Cowbite,  where  he  fucceeded  his  uncle  Mr.  Ray,   faid  to 
be  in  the  manner  of  Ben  Jonfon.    Of  that  let  others  judge : 
Underneath  this  (lone  is  laid 
Rowning's  philofophic  head, 
Who,  when  alive,  did  ever  pleafe. 
By  friendly  mirth  and  fecial  eafe. 

Mr.  Rowning  was  an  ingenious  but  not  well-looking  man,  tall,  {looping  in  the 
fhoulders,  and  of  a  fallow  down- looking  countenance.  He  had  a  brother  a  great 
mechanic  and  famous  watchmaker,  at  Newmarket. 

(J?')  He  died  1743,  and  was  buried  in  the  chancel  at  Bugden  without  any  memo, 
rial,  though  there  is  a  flat  ftone  infcribcd  to  his  lady  the  Hon.  Sarah  Reynolds,  who 
died  April  7,  1740  ;  and  to  his  daughter  the  Hon.  Anna  Sophia  Reynolds,  who 
died  Auguft  20,  1737. 

(f)  B.  A.  Fellow  of  Brazen  Nofe  Coll.  Oxford,  Curate  of  Sutton  St.  Mary. 

{d)  He  was  clerk  to  Mr.  Johnfon,  fludied  divinity,  and  took  his  degree  in  Lincoln 
coll. Oxford,  under  that  divine  poet  Samuel  Wefley,  reflor  of  Epworth,  who  gave  him 
his  firfl  education  himfelf,  and  employed  him  as  an  amanuenfis.  In  1730  he  gave  the 
Society  an  account  of  the  manors,  villages,  feats,  and  church  of  Althorp  in  that  pare 
of  Lincolnlhire. 

(e)  Firft  Prefident  of  the  Peterborough  Society. 

(/)  Son  of  the  rev.  Thomas  Rutherforth,  reftor  of  Papvvorth  Everard  in  the 
county  of  Cambridge,  who  had  made  large  coUeftions  for  an  hiflory  of  that  county. 
He  was  born  Odober  13,  17 12;  appointed  Regius  Profeffor  of  Divinity,  redor 
of   Shenfield  in  Effsx,    and  of  Barley   in  Hertfoidihire,    and    archdeacon    of 

EiTex. 


THE  GENTLE  MEN'S  SOCIETY  AT  SPALDING,    xxxv 

Eflex.  He  communicated  a  curious  correftion  of  Plutarch's  defcription  of  the 
inftrument  ufed  to  renew  the  Veftal  fire  (vit.  Num.)  a-vv:vcvjoi  ftg  iv  x:-{^poy,  as  rehit- 
ing  to  the  triangle  with  which  the  inftrument  was  formed,  and  not  to  the  inftrument, 
as  miftaken  by  Liplius  de  Veilalibus  (c.  8.)  and  Catrou;  fo  that  the  triangle  which 
hollowed  the  inftrument  will  be  ifofceles,  whofe  two  equal  legs  converged  from  a 
circumference  to  a  centre,  i.e.  a  quadrant  with  the  curve  fide  /j,g, 
exTTo  zo-Xtvpcy-s  of  this  mixt  triangle  ;  for  Plutarch  does  not  fay  it 
Was  a  plain  one.  It  was  nothing  but  a  concave  fpeculum,  whole 
principal  focus  which  collefted  the  rays  is  not  in  the  centre  of  conca- 
vity, but  at  the  diftance  of  half  a  diameter  fiom  its  furface  :  but  fomc 
of  the  anticnts  thought  otherwile,  as  appears  from  Prop.  31.  of  Eu- 
clid's Catoptrics;  and  though  this  piece  has  been  thought  fpurious,  and  this  error  a 
proof  thereof,  the  Sophirt:  and  Plutarch  might  each  know  as  little  of  mathematics. 
Of  Dr.  Rutherforth's  "  Effayonthe  nature  and  obligations  of  Virtue,"  fee  p.  404. 
He  publiftied  "  Two  Sermons  preached  at  Cambridge  1747,"  8vo.  "  A  Syftem  of 
*'  Natural  Philofophy,  Cambridge,  174S,"  2  vols.  4to.  "A  letter  to  Dr.  Middleton 
**  in  defence  of  bifhop  Sherlock  on  Prophecy,  1750,"  8vo.  "  A  Difcourfe  on  Mi- 
"  racles,  1751,"  8vo.  "  Inllitutes  of  Natural  Law,  1754,"  2  vols.  8vo.  "ACharge 
**  to  the  Clergy  of  Effex,"  1753,  410.  reprinted  with  three  others  in  1763,  8vo  ; 
"  Two  Letters  to  Dr.  Kennicott,  1  761  and  1762."  "  A  Vindication  of  the  Right  of 
**  Protertant  Churches  to  require  the  Clergy  to  fubfcribe  to  an  eftabliflied  Confefliori 
*'  of  Faith  and  Dcxflrines,  in  a  Charge  delivered  at  a  Vifitation,  July  1766.  Cambr. 
*'  1766,"  Svo.  A  fecond  the  fame  year.  "ALetter  to  Archdeacon  Blackburn,  1767," 
8vo.  on  the  fame  fubjeft.  He  died  Oft.  5,  1 77 1,  aged  59,  having  married  a  filler  of 
the  late  Sir  Anthony  Thomas  Abdy,  bart.  of  Albins  in  Effex,  by  whom  he  had  two 
fons,  Thomas,  who  died  an  infant,  and  Thomas  Abdy,  now  in  orders,  reftor  in  his 
own  right  of  TheydonGernon  in  the  fame  county,  who  fucceeded  to  the  eftate  and  title 
of  his  maternal  uncle,  and  married  Jan.  13,  1778,  a  daughter  of  James  Hayes,  efq. 
of  Helliport,  and  bencher  of  the  Middle  Temple  by  whom  he  has  ifl'ue.  The  fol- 
lowing mural  epitaph  is  erefted  to  the  memory  of  the  doftor  in  his  church  at 
Barley  : 

Sacred 
to  the  memory  of  the  Rev'' 
Tho'  Ruthcrforth,  S.  T.  P. 
formerly  fellow  of,  and  one  of  the  public 
tutors  in  S'  John's  college,  Cambridge  ;  and, 
at  the  time  of  his  death.  King's  profeffor  of 
Divinity  in  that  univerfity  ;  Archdeacon  of  Elfex, 
Reftor  of  Shenfield  in  the  fame  county,  and  alfo 
of  thisparifh.     He  married  Charlotte  Elizabeth, 
one  of  the  daughters  of  Sir  William  Abdy,  Baronet, 
of  Cobham,  in  the  county  of  Surry,  by  whom  he  left 
one  fon,  Thomas   Abdy  Rutherforth.     He  was 
V)orn  on  the  13th  of  Oftober,   1712,  and  died  on  the  5tli 
of  that  month,  1771,  in  the  59th  year  of  his  age. 
He  was  eminent  no  lefs  for  his  piety  and  integrity 

c  e  2  t\:z9: 


Tcxxvi  APPENDIX    TO    THE   HISTORY    OF 

Thomas  Sadler,  Deputy  Clerk  of  the  Pells  (g). 

William  SaiKles(Z7),  Archired,  Carver  in  Stone.  May  i6,  1745  ;  died  1751. 
Lord  Charles  Scott,  Chrift  Church,  Oxon  fij. 

Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  Sharp,  Rc£lor  of  Rotbbury,  Prebendary  of  Durham, 
and  Archdeacon  of  Northumberland  (/^). 

than  his  extcnlive  learning;  and  filled  every 

public  ftation  in  which  he  was  placed  with 

general  approbation.     In  private  life,   his  behaviour 

was  truely  amiable.     He  was  efteemed,  beloved, 

and  honoured  by  his  family  and  friends ; 

and  his  death  was  fincerely  lamented 

by  all  who  had  ever  heard  of  his 

well  defervcd  charafter. 

Underneath,  on  a  marble  flab,  is  the  following  infcription  : 

Hie  .  Chriftum  .  Expe£l  . 
Breves  .  Parentum  .  Delicii  . 

Thomas  .  Rutherforth  . 

Qui  .  Natus  .  Tert  .  Id  *  Mai  . 

MDCCLIII  . 

Dies  .  LXXIV  .  Vixit . 

Thomas  .  Rutherforth  . 

In  .  Acad  .  Cantab  .  S  .  T  .  P  .  Regius . 

Qui  .  Annum  .  agens  .  LX. 

Mortuus  Eft  iii  .  Non  .  Oft. 

MDCCLXXI. 

(g)  He  lived  in  Cecil  Street  1738,  and  had  a  fine  colleftion  of  drawings  of 
churches  at  Rome,  and  a  capital  collection  of  medals,  now  in  Dr.  Hunter's  mu- 
feum.  A  fouth  profpeft  of  Hatfield  houfe  was  engraved  from  his  drawing  by 
James  Collins,   1700. 

(  /-»)  IMr.  Sandes  drew  three  plans  and  defigns  of  ftages  and  upright  for  a  new  man- 
fion-houfe  at  Burton  Pedwardine,  near  Stamford,  in  this  county,  for  Thomas  Orby 
Hunter,  efq.  lord  of  that  manor  ;  who  was  himfelf  a  curious  draftman,  and  defigned 
the  houfe  himfelf,  but  altered  his  mind,  and  added  to  his  houfe  at  Croyland. 

(/■)  Brother  of  Francis  earl  of  Dalkeith,  fecond  fon  of  Francis  fecond  duke  of 
Buccleugh,  and  great-grandfon  of  the  unfortunate  duke  of  Monmouth.  He  died 
at  Oxford  unmarried  17^7. 

(k)  He  was  collated  Odt.  18,  1732,  to  a  prebend  in  the  tenth  flail,  Durham,  and 
inftalled  by  proxy  3iil:  of  fame  month,  and  in  perfon  December  i.  He  was  alfo 
prebendary  of  York  and  Southwell,  and  died  at  Durham  March  16,  1758,  aged  64 
years.  Befides  other  pieces,  he  wrote  feveral  againft  the  efpoufers  of  Mr.  Hutchin- 
fon's  doarines.    See  alfo  I\Irs.  Cockburne's  Works,  vol.  ii.  8vo. 

George 


THE   GENTLEMEN'S    SOCIETY    AT    8  P  A  LDIN  G.  xxx»* 

George  Shelvocke(/),  Efq.  Secretary  of  the  Poft  Office  General. 

William  Shaw,  Ei'q.   St.  James's,  Weftmin(kr,    March    27,    1729. 

Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Bart.  Pr.  Coll.  M.  6c  R.  S  (w). 

Abel  Smitli,  Banker  and  Merchant,  Nottingliam,  owner  of  Monks  Houfc, 

Humphry  Smith,  Efq.  July  13,  173^^.   Died  1742. 

Rev,  Robert  Smyth,  Redor  oF  Wodfton,  near  Peterborough,  March  12, 

1726  (/;). 
Matthew  Snow,   Middle  Temple,  December  24,   1724. 
Rev.  Richard  Southgate,  St.  John's,  Cambridge,  Cur.  of  Wefton,  May 

24,   1753  (")• 

(/)  Se;  p.  413.  Mr.  Shelvocke  was  the  fon  of  Captain  George  Shelvocke,  who 
■made  a  voyage  round  the  world  in  the  year  1718,  in  which  he  accompanied  his- 
father.  The  narrative  of  this  voyage  he  republifhed  in  the  year  1757.  He  alfo 
was  tranflator  cF  "  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  M.  duGne  Trouin,  Chiel  of  a  Squa- 
'•  dron  in  the  R-oyal  Navy  of  France,"  the  fecond  edition  of  which  was  publilhed 
in  174:;,   izmo.     He  died  March  12,  1760. 

{jHj  Died  175^- 

(?z)  He  was  educated  at  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  under  the  tuition  of  the 
late  Dr^Newcome,  mailer  of  that  college,  and  dean  of  Rochefter;  was  an  indefatiga- 
ble Antiquary,  and  had  made  large  collecftions  for  a  Hiftory  of  the  Sheriffs  through- 
out England,  to  which  Mr.  J -hnfon  prefixed  an  introduftion  on  the  dignity,  ufe,  and 
authoricy  of  thefe  great  civil  officers  from  Henry  II.  where  the  lift  commenced,  to  Al- 
fred, and  fupplied  it  to  Eg, a  eail  of  Lincoln,  A.  I),  716,  Mr.  Smith  had  collected 
Sheriffs,  Abbots,  Priors,  and  Heads  of  religious  houles,  from  Sir  John  Cotton's  gS 
MS.  rolls,  copied  from  thofe  at  Wefiminlfer,  t.  L.  I.  He  greatly  affilted  Mr. 
Carter,  a  fchoolmafler  at  Cambridge,  in  his  Hiflory  of  that  Town  and  Univerfity» 
and  whatever  is  valuable  in  thofe  works  mull  be  attributed  to  him.  He  wrote  a  moft 
fingular  hand,  and  crowded  his  lines  fo  dole  together  that  they  entangled  in  one 
another  fo  that  it  was  difficult  to  read  his  letters.  Mr.  C  ole  held  a  correfpondence 
with  him  for  fome  time.  He  died  1761,  and  was  buried  at  Woodfon,  where  he 
has  the  following  epitaph  : 

In  memory  of  the  Rev.  Robert  Smyth, 
thirty-three  years  recfor   of  this   parifh, 
a  iincere  honefl  man  and  a  good  Chriflian. 

His  u'mofl  endeavours  were 

to  benefit  mankind,  and  relieve  the  poor  : 

He  was  a  laborious  and  corre<51:  Antiquarian. 

Died  the  15th  of  September,  1761,  aged  62  years. 

After  the  ftrlfteft  enquiry  for  his  Hidory  of  Sheriffs,  I  had  the  mortification  to- 
learn  that  it  is  fuppofed  to  have  been  deftroyed,  with  the  reft  of  his  papers,  by  a, 
drunken  illiterate  brother. 

(0)  Curate  of  St.  Giles's,  London.  An  excellent  medallifl,  engaged  in  drawing 
up  an  hiftorical  account  of  Dr.  Hunter's  Saxon  coins,  andjull  now  prclented  by  the 
Duke  of  Ancalter  to  the  fmall  redory  of  Little  Steeping,  co.  Lincoln,  Jan.  1783. 

e  e  3  Rev^ 


*xxxvi  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY    OF 

Rev.  Jofeph   Sparke,  RegiRer  of  the  Church  of  Peterboroagh,  S.  A.  S. 

Odober  4,  1722  ;  died  i74o(j>). 
Jofliua  Spurrier.   Apr.  20,  1727.  R. 
D\ .  Thomas  Stack  (^),  at  Dr.  Mead's,  Ormond-flreev. 
William  Stagg,  Coadjutor  and  Gardiner    to  the  Society,  in  whofe  houfe 

he  dwelled. 
Rev.  William  Stannyforth. 
William  Stennett,  E)eliueator,  Bofton  (r). 
George  Stevens,  Junior.  Jan.  2,  1723.  R. 
Edmund  Stevens,   Merchant,  London,  September  26,   1723. 
Alexander  Stewart,  M.  D.  F.  R.  andA.S.  July  17,  1740.  Died  1742. 
William  Stukeley,  M.  D.  September  6,    1722  (j). 
John  Swynfen,  Efq.  Madras.   Died  1747. 
Thomas  Symplbn,  Mailer  of  the  Works  of  the  Cathedral  of  Lincohu 

March  12,  1740  (/). 

(/>)  Of  him  fee  p.  92  ;  and  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  pp.  34.  512.  532. 

(q)  Dr.  Stack  tranflated  the  "  Medica  Sacra"  of  Dr.  Mead  ;  and  was  the  author 
of  one  of  the  lives  of  his  patron,  publifhed  after  Mead's  death.  Dr.  Stack  was  living 
in  1754. 

(?)  See  p.  413.  Mr.  Stennett  was  a  merchant  at  Bofton,  and  a  fine  draughtfman. 
Redrew  the  churches  of  Bollon  and  Walpole,  both  engraved  (the  former  17 15 
and  1734):  a  copy  of  the  latter  beautiful  church,  not  far  from  Lejune,  is  now  in 
Boftou.  Others  with  their  monuments  in  Kefteven  and  N.  Holland,  of  which 
he  had  a  good  colleftiou :  the  monuments  at  Tattefhall,  the  burying  place  of  the 
earls  of  Lincoln  and  their  anceftors,  lords  of  the  place  ;  thofe  at  Spillhy,  of  the 
Ancafter  and  Willoughby  family  ;  Braunflon's  monument  at  Wiibeach,  and  others 
at  Edenham  and  Melton  Mowbray  (Spald.  Soc.  Mio).  His  drawing  of  Kirton 
church  was  fent  about  thirty  years  ago  to  Dr.  Stukeley,  who  gave  it  to  the  So- 
ciety of  Antiquaries,  and  an  engraving  was  made  of  it.  He  died  at  Bolfon  about 
twenty-two  years  ago;  but  as  he  depended  on  the  benevolence  of  hi^  friends 
during  the  latter  part  of  his  life,  his  papers  were  difperfed  at  his  death,  and  few  or 
jione  are  now  to  be  met  with. 

(j)  Of  him  fee  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  621 — 626. 

{i)  Of  him  and  his  colleflions  for  the  church  and  city  of  Lincoln,  fee  p.  83. 
He  communicated  to  the  Society  1740-1  an  account  of  the  regifters  at  Lincoln 
from  the  time  of  Bifhop  Welles  1209,  with  endowments  of  all  vicarages  in  this 
diocefe  in  his  time;  and  of  the  dean  and  chapter's  regiHers  from  1304.  A  noble 
copy  of  Taxatio  Ecdejiaruvi  t.  E.  I.  1293.  ^  large  volume  of  rubrics,  entitled, 
*'  De  Ordinacionibus  Cantariarum  of  the  church  and  city,"  v/hence  he  extrafled 
fciiy-five  chantries  in  the  minfter  and  twelve  in  the  city  ;  the  foundation  of  Meere 
holpital,  within  the  city  and  liberties,  by  Simon  de  Kopfhee,  lord  of  the  Meerc 
•about  i240i  of  the  mayor  and  prepofiti  or  bailiffs,  which  occur  as  witiieffes  from 
5  H.  III.  1220  for  about  lOo,  years  before  the  common  catalogues  begin.  The 
peiufal  of  thefe  regiflers  helped  him  to  many  names  of  ftreets  and  lanes,  &c.  for 
his  hiilorical  coileftions,  which  he  was  then  about  methodizing.  Thefe,  in  one  vo- 
lume folio,  f  iirly  written,  are  now  in  the  hands  of  his  fon,  one  of  the  vicars  choral 
in  this  church. 

d  Hon. 


THE  GENTLEMEN'S  SOCIETY  AT  SPALDING,     xxxvu 

Hon.  Talbot  Touchetr,  Alford,  May  4,   1727;  died  1745. 

Rev.  John  Tatham,  M.  A.  Vicar  of  Whapload,  February  8,    1753. 

Dr.  Cornewall  Tathwell,  Stanriford,  Fellow  of  St.  John's,  Oxford,  and 

Vicar  of  Hitchin  («). 
Dawfon  Tavernor,  Surgeon.  Aug.  24,  173B.  Died   1743. 
Edward  Taylor,  Efq.  Inner  Temple,   December  24,   1724. 
Dr.  John  Taylor,   A.M.  Chancellor  of  the  Diocefe  (.v). 
James  Theobald,   Elq.  Merchant,  Norfolk  Street  (jy). 
John  Tollt;r  jun.   Efq.  Lincoln's  Inn,   December  24,    1724. 
John  Topham,   a  Sea  Officer,   Auguft  28,    1729. 
Rev.  Charles  Townfend,  M.B.  Curate  of  Spalding  and  Deeping.  Jan.  23V 

Thonias  Townfend,    Vicar   of  Pinchbeck  and  Goloerton,  Odlober    i2» 

1727  ;  died  1751. 
Sigilmund   Trciflbrd,  Efq.  Dunton  Hall,  in  Tidd.  November  4,   1734  ;. 

died  1740    2:). 
Rev.  Chaile-.  Tiimneli,  Vicar  of  Biccar. 
James  V'ernev,   P'in^c,  Febru  iry  8,    1753. 
George  Vertue  (i/j,  P.iinter  and  Engraver,  S.  A.  S.   March  6,  1728;  died 

1756. 
Robert  Vyner,  Efq.  Kmght  of  the  Shire.  May  6,  1725. 

Rev. Walker,    Lefturer  of  Wiibeach. 

Richard  Walhn,  Elq.  (of  Sr.  Jago  de  la  Vega)  Spalding.      Son-in-law  to 

Mr.  Johiilon. 
Thomas  Wallis,  M.  D.  Stamford. 

(m)  See  p .  41 2 — 41 6. 

(x)  He  died  1766.  Seethe  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  62.  68;    See  pp.  8j. 

(^)  Secretary  to  the  Antiquary  Society  172-^;  died  Feb.  20,  1759. 

(s)  He  wrote  an  effay  on  draining,  particularly  Bedford  Level,  1729,  8vo.  He 
married  Elizabeth  daughter  of  Sir  Gilbert  Heathcote,  Lord  Mayor  of  Lonclon.  A 
monument  for  them  by  Rysbrach  was  erecfled  in  St.  Mary's  Church,  as  alfo  to  the 
memory  of  his  father  John  Sigifmund.  He  rebuilt  Dunton-hall  at  the  expence  of 
22,000/.  on  the  model  of  Buckingham  houfe,  and  left  it  to  Sigifmund  his  nephew  and 
adopted  heir,  whofe  fon  Clement,  admitted  of  C.  C.  C.Cambridge  about  1755,  pulled 
it  down  as  foon  as  he  came  to  the  poffeflion  of  it,  and  fold  the  materials  and  furniture 
for  looo/.  :  hut  removed  the  family  pictures  and  painted  glafs  to  his  feat  at  Dere- 
ham. He  married  Mifs  Southwell,  fifter  of  Edward  Southwell,  Efq.  of  Wisbeach 
caflle,  1760,  by  whom  he  has  ilTue,  but  they  are  fince  parted.  He  was  knighted, 
1761,  on  carrying  up  an  addrefs. 

(a''  See  p.  415  ;  his  life  by  Mr.  Walpole  in  his  Catalogue  of  Engravers  j  aiid 
the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  237,     He  died   1756. 

e  e  4  Edwarsi 


xxxvili        APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY     OF 

Edward  Walpole  (^),  Efq.  Dunflon,  Augufl  9,   1733. 
John  Ward,  Apothecary,  Spald.ng,  November  9,    1727. 
Philip  Ward,   Kfq.   Inner  Temple,  September  11,    1729. 
Robert  Warren,  D.D.  Minifter  of  Bow,  Eliex,  Jan.  30,  1728;  died  1740. 
James  Weeks,  Painter. 
Richard  Wclby,  Elq.   Welbourn. 

Rev.  Samuel  VVeflev,  Redor  of  Epworth  and  Wroot,  Jan.  9,   1723  (r). 

Rev. 

(h)  This  gentleman  was  a  Pvoman  Catholic  of  an  ancient  and  noble  family.  He 
died  at  his  mother's  houfe  in  Gloucerter  Street,  near  Red  Lion  Square,  April  27, 
1740,  in  the  38th  year  of  his  age,  after  a  long  indifpofition.  He  was  author  of  an 
Imitation  of  the  fixth  Satire  of  the  firft  book  of  Horace,  infcribed  to  Sir  Richard 
Ellis,  barf,  a  tranflation  of  Sannazarius,  and  other  pieces. 

{c)  He  was  born  at  Winterborn  Whitchurch  in  Dorfetfhire,  where  his  father  was 
vicar,  as  his  grandfather  had  been  of  Charmouth  in  the  fame  county  before  the 
Reftoration.  He  was  educated  at  the  free  fchool  at  Dorchefier,  and  then  in  a 
private  academy  among  the  Diffenters,  whom  he  foon  left,  and  admitted  a  fervitor, 
at  the  age  of  18,  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  1684.  He  was  chaplain  to  the  marquis 
of  Normanby,  afterwards  duke  ot  Buckingham,  who  recommended  him  for  an  Irifh 
bifliopric.  He  proceeded  A. B.  1688,  and  takingorders,  was  reftor  of  South  Ormefby 
in  the  county  of  Lincoln  ;  where  he  wrote  "  The  Life  of  Chrifl:,  an  heroic  Poem, 
1693,"  folio;  dedicated  to  the  Queen,  reprinted  with  large  additions  and  correflions 
in  1697;  "  The  Hillory  of  the  Old  and  New  Teftament  atttempted  in  Verfe,  and 
*'  adorned  witli  three  hundred  and  thirty  fculptures,  engraved  by  J.  Sturr,"  3  vo- 
lumes, i2mo,  1704,  addreffed  to  Qiieen  Anne  in  a  poetical  dedication,  f  He  after- 
wards obtained  the  rectory  of  Epworth  in  the  fame  county,  and  died  April  25,  1735. 
He  was  a  very  voluminous  author;  having  publilhed,  befide  other  things,  "  Maggots, 
*'  or  Poems  on  feveral  fubjedls,  1685,"  8vo;  "  Elegies  on  Queen  Mary  and  Arch- 
"  bifhop  Tillotfon,  1695,"  folio;  "  A  Letter  concerning  the  Education  of  the 
"Diffenters  in  their  private  Academies,  1703,"  and  "  A  Defence  of  it,"  i2mo. 
"  A  1  reatife  on  the  Sacrament;"  and  "  Dilfertationes  in  Librum  Job! ;"  for  which 
lad  propofals  were  circulated  in  1 729,  and  which  was  finifhed  after  his  death,  andpub- 
lilhed  by  his  fon  Samuel,  1736.  His  poetry,  which  is  far  from  being  excellent,  in- 
curred the  cenfure  of  Garth  ;  but  he  made  ample  amends  for  it  by  the  goodncfs  of  his 
life.  He  left  an  exceedingly  numerous  family  of  children  ;  four  of  whom  are  not 
unknown  in  the  annals  of  Engliih  literature:  i.  Saiauel  (of  whom  fee  nots  ^), 
2.  3.  John  and  Charles  Wefley,  the  two  celebrated  Methodift  Preachers,  the 
former  admitted  at  Lincoln  college,  the  other  at  Br^zen-nofe  college.  4.  Mrs. 
Wright,  authorefs  of  feveral  Poems  printed  in  the  fixth  volume  of  the  Poetical 
Calendar.  See  Ath.  Oxon.  II.  963,  Birch's  Life  of  Tillotfon,  p.  307.  343,  2d 
edit,  and  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  p.  91,  who  printed  his  Job  in  a  beautiful  type,  il- 
luftrated  with  cuts,  and  fupported  by  a  refpedlable  lilt  of  fubfcribers.  This  ap- 
pears to  have  been  the  molt  laboured  of  its  author's  numerous  works.  He  collated 
all  the  copies  he  could  meet  with  of  the  original  and  the  Greek  and  other  ver- 

fions 


THE  GENTLEMEN'S  SOCIETY  AT  SPALDING. 


XX  XIX 


Rev.  Samuel  Wefley,  juii.  M.  A.  one  of   the  Ufhers    of  Weftmlnner 

School,  Sept.    1 8,   1729  (^/). 
James   Weft,  S.  R.   and   A.  S.  Secretary  to  the  LorJs  ot  the    Tuafury, 

February  19,   1729(f);  die  J  1772. 

Earfof  Weftmorlai)d(/). 

Jolin  Weyinan.  March  26,  1724;   died  Oftober  16,  1733-  R. 
Rev.  ^Robert  Whatley,  M.  A.  Prebendary  of  Yoik(g). 
Hon.  Thomas  Whichcotr,  Kiit.  of  the  Shire. 
Sir  Francis  Whichcotte,  Bart.  Alwardby,  April  22,    1725. 
Samuel  Whiting.   Mader  of  the  Free  School  SpalJing.  June  12,,  1720.  i\. 
Ifaac  Whood,  Painter,  S.  A.  S. -Bloomlbury,  March  6,  1721  ;  died  ijyz(b) 

William 

Cons  and  editions;  and  after  his  labour*!  and  liis  library  had  been  burnt  with  his 
houfe  (which  it  feems  had  fuffered  the  like  fate  once  before  about  the  year  i  707) 
he  refumed  thetafk  in  the  decline  of  life,  opprelf  with  gout  and  palley  through  long 
habit  of  ftudy.  Among  other  afliftances,  he  particularly'acknowledoes  that  of  his 
three  fons,  and  his  friend  Maurice  Johufon.  (Prolegora.  p.  i.  j,  6.) 

(^)  SoQ  of  the  preceding,  fcholar  and  near  20  years  ulher  of  Wcflminflcr 
School,  whence  he  was  elefted  as  a  king's  fcholar  to  Chrift  Church,  Oxford,  lie  was 
author  of  two  excellent  poems, "  T  he  Batde  of  the  Sexes,"  and  "  The  Prifons  opened," 
and  of  another  called  the  "  ParifliPriefl,"  a  Poem,  upon  a  clergyman  lately  deccafed, 
a  very  dutiful  and  .ftriking  Eulogy  on  his  wife's  fajher  *,  which  are  all  printed  among 
his  poems  and  leveral  humqurous  tajes,  in  4:0,  1736,  and  after  his. death,  in  i2ino, 
1743.  He  gave  to  the  Spalding  Society  an  annuletr  that  had  touched  the  heads  of 
the  three  Kings  of  Cologne,  whofe  names  were  in  black  letters  within.  He  died 
Nov.  6j  1739,  aged  49,  being  at  that  time  head  maftcr  of  Tiverton  School;  but  never 
prefented  to  any  ecclefia(lical  benefice.  He  was  buried  in  the  church-yard  at  Tiverton 
His  epitaph  may  be  feen  at  the  end  of  his  life,  prefixed  to  his  poems,   174^. 

Since  this  and  th-  precediilg  note  were  written,  the  Printer  has  been  fa 
Toured  with  an  account  of  the  Wefley  family,  as  curious  as  it  is  undoubtP'iy 
aiitjientic.  It  is  too  long,  however,  to  incorporate  with  thefe  notes  ;  and,  ?>  ;in 
abridgement  would  be  an  injury  to  the  public  as  well  as  to  oiu'excellenf  corrr- 
fpood^Dt, -it  is  annexed  to  this  lifl,  and  prcfervcd  entire  in  the  following  pages. 

(f)  See. the  Life  of  Mr.  Bov.'yer,  p.  101. 

(/)  John  Fane,  chancellor  of  Oxford,  died  Aug.  25,  1762,  aged  ur^vards  oi  So. 

(g)  Re61or  of  Tofts  in  the  county  of  Norfolk.  He  publillie^  a  fermon  on 
Agiippa'c  words  to  Paul,  that  went  through  two  editions,  and  a  vifitation  Icrmon 
at  Eafter.  Alfo  1739  tlucc  letters  giving  an  account  of  his  travels  into  Germany, 
&c.  1721-2. 

(^)A  famous  copier  of  portraits.  He  painted  portraits  in  red  and  black  lead;  etched  a 
poor  view  of  Rofamond's  bower  at  Wood  (lock  ;  and  died  in  BlootTisbury  fquare, 
Feb.  24,  1752,  aged  63.  He  was  remarkable  for  his  humour  and  happy  applica- 
tion of  paflages  in  Hudibras.  Walpole's  Anecdotes  of  Painting,  IV.  2^.  When 
the  h.Qufe  at  Wooburn  was  rebuilt  by  the  late  Duke  of  Bedford,    the    old   gallery 

*"l5the  Minutes  of  the  Spalding  Society,  in  1730,  it  is  entered  under  the  title  of  "  The  Pari'fti  Prieft  :  s 
"  Pof*i.,  On  John  Berry,  M.  A.  Vicar  of  Watton,  Norfolk."  It  was  fuft  printed  b/  Mr.  Bowyer  lu 
'Norsirtber  i-j^i,  in  g  I'eparate  4to  pamphlet,  and  a  fecond  edition  in  173  j. 


x\  A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X   T  O    r  H  E    H  I  S  r  O  R  Y    O  F 

William  Willesby,  Efq.  of  Bergry-houfe.  October  24,  1728. 

Rev.  Frederick  Williams,  M.  A.  Sutton. 

Browne  Willis,  Whaddon  Hall  (/)  ;    died  1760,  £er.  78. 

Pliilip  Williams,  D.  D.  Prefident  oi  St.  John's  College,  Odlober  lO, 
ly  i6  ;  died  1749  (^'). 

Lieut.  George  VVilliamlon.  of  the  Train. 

Hon.  Col,  Adam  Wiiliamfon,  Governor  of  the  Tower,  June  15,  1727  ; 
died  1747. 

Rev.  Bernard  Wilfon  (/),  D.  D.  Newark. 

Capt.  Alexander  Wilfon,  March  8,    1738. 

John  Wilfon,  Efq.  March  8,   173B;  died  r/46. 

Robert  Wilby,   Vicar  of  Moulton,  July  9,    1724. 

Rev.  Abraham  Wilcox,  A.  M.  June  2],   1722. 

John  Wingfield,  El'q.  of  Tickencoat,  and  Hertford  Coll.  Oxford,  Febru- 
ary 8,   1753  (w). 

Rev.  Fred.  Wheatlcy,   D.  D.   Peakirke  ;  died  1746. 

was  prefer ved  ;  and  Wliood,  who  was  efteemcd  one  of  the  belt  copyers  of  por- 
traits in  the  kingdom,  was  engaged  for  many  years  to  copy  the  portraits  of  every 
collateral  relation  of  the  family  that  could  be  met  with.  He  was  an  intimate  friend 
of  Mr.  Samuel  (Jale  and  Dr.  Uucarel. 

(/■)  F.  A.  S.     See  the  Life  of  Mr.  Bowyer,  pp.  248.  582.  645. 

{k)  See  p.  194.  Redorof  Stanton  in  Norfolk,  p.  418. 

(/)  He  died  30  April,  1772,  being  at  that  time  vicar  of  Newark  and  prebendary 
of  VVorcefler.  In  the  early  part  of  his  life  he  was  prebendary  of  Lincoln.  In 
1 729  he  publiflaed  the  firft  volume,  in  folio,  of  Monf.  de  Thou's  Hiftory  of  his  own 
lime  ;  in  which  work  it  is  imagined  he  proceeded  no  further.  Soon  afterwards  he 
eccived  a  great  acceflion  to  his  fortune  by  the  will  of  Sir  George  Markham,  a  be- 
^^i\  which,  being  cenfured  by  that  gentleman's  relations,  obliged  him  to  print  a 
defen7e  of  himfelf  againft  their  afperfions  (in  410,  7  pages).  He  was  frequently  in 
difpine.with  his  town's-people,  and  among  other  things  we  find  in  print  the  follow- 
ing pieces  by  himfelf,  or  in  anfvver  to  him,  viz.  "  An  Account  of  the  donations  to 
tlie  parifh  cjf  Newark  upon  Trent,  by  a  Parilhioner.  Lond.    1748,"  4to;  on  the 

preface  to  w'iiich  were  publilhed,  "  Remarks  by  a  M r  of  P m— t."  1751. 

4:0.  Printed  fby  one  of  the  church-wardenSj  "  not  for  the  abufe,  but  the  real 
u'e,  and  lading  fervice  of  the  parifliioners.   1751."  4to.     This  was  followed  by 

"  An  impartial  relation  of  fome  late   paiifh   tranfaaions  at  N ^,  c^'ntaming 

a  full  and  ciicumflantial  anfwcr  to  a  late  libel,  ciuiiuled.  Remarks  on  a   book,  eft- 

ti^uleJ,   An  account  of   the  donations   to  the  parifh  of  N k.   1751."   8vo. 

"  A  difcourfe  addreiTed  to  the  inhabitants  of  Newark,  againft  the  mifapplication  of 
public  charities,  and  enforced  from  the  following  text,  Ecclus.  vi.  1.  By  the  Rev. 
Eernaid  WiKon,  D.  D.  vicar  of  Newark  and  prebend  of  Worcefter.  To  which 
is  added  a  more  full  and  true  account  of  the  very  confiderable  and  numerous  bene- 
faftions  let:  to  the  town  of  Newark  than  has  hitherto  been  publifted.  Lond, 
1768."  4to.  Dr.  Wilfon  ha^  a  molt  (triking  epitaph  in  Newark  church,  with  par- 
ticulars of  his  polUiumous  charities,  the  benefit  of  which  the  poor  loit  by  the  mort- 
main a(5>. 

(ot)  A  relation  of  the  founder    Seep.  434.  The 


THE  GENTLEMEN'S  SOCIETY  AT  SPALDING.      xli* 

The  charadler  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  late  an  honoured  member  and  pa- 
tron of  thisSociety,  written,  as  fiippofed,  by  tlie  rev.  and  learned  Dr.  Francis 
Lockyer,  dean  of  Peterborough,  and  communicatt^d  by  tlie  rev.  and 
learned  Mr.  Neve,  from  him,  Jan.  7,  1728;  reduced  into  an  epitaph  and 
tranfmitted  to  Roger  Gale,  Efq.  by  the  Secretary,  1 730  ;  and  afterwards 
given  to  the  Hon.  Sir  Richard  Ellys,  bart.  a  member,  and  an  acquaintance 
of  Mr.  Conduit. 

M.  S. 
Incomparabilis  viri  Domini  Isaaci  NewtOxSi,  equitis  aurati, 
fui  fseculi  philofophorum  facile  principis; 
Qui  fummam  propter  probitatem  morum  &  egregia  merita 
per  plures  annos  regis  fuit  rei  monetaris  Briran.  praefedtus. 
Ob  fophiam  See.  Regise  Londini  Prasfidens 
ob  amorem  in  natale  folum  Lindi  CoHncnfe 
Soc.  Generofse  Spaldingiis  focius. 
Philosophiam  Naturalem 
fabellis  verborumque  portentis  deformatam 
veris  clarifque  idais  inftruxit; 
per  orbes  inextricablies  vorticefque  infanos  errantem 
in  finibus  certis  conclufit; 
vacillantera  &  pedem  figere  nefciam 
in  firmiffirao  experimentorum  fundamento  conftimit, 
&  in  sternum  ftabilivitj 
earn  denique  Theologiae  ancillantem  h  de  Atheifmo  triumphantem 

orbi  exhibuit. 

Humana?  fcientiae  limites  novit 

Quoufque  progredi  datum  fit, 

8f,  quod  magis, 

ubi  Cftendum. 

Hinc  uti  fe  fcire  non  fuperbiir, 

ita  nefcire  non  erubuir. 
Nullius  opinioni  mancipatus, 

minime  omnium  fua-; 
Veri  indagator  &  arbiter ; 
Falfi  nihil  aut  intelleftui  ejus  fraudem 
aut  voluntati  vim  facere  potuit ; 
adeo  ilium  mens  folers  animufque  integer 
undique  tutum  prteflitere. 
Poft  longam  annorum  feriem 
in  doftrins  ftudiis  promovendls 
erroribufque  detegendis 

faliciter  exa6tam 

placide  tandem  emigravit 

ad  veri  reftique  originem 

tontemque  perennem 

A.  S. H.  1727. 

e  e  6 


*xlii  APPENDIX  TO  THE  HISTORY  OF 

The  tgllowing  epitaph  defigned  for  Sir  Ifaac  Newton,    and  fuppofed 
to  be  laadc  bj  Mr.  Pope,  is  a  little  different  from  that  in  Pope's  Woiks  : 

IsAAcus  Nkivton  hie  jacet, 
Quern  iimiiorialeni  cceii  natura,  tempus,  oflendunt. 
IMoi'talem  hoc  qiarinor  fatetur. 
Nature  and  ail  her  works  lay  hid  in  night ; 
G(xi  faid,  Let  Newton  be,  and  all  was  light. 

Tliis  other  was  afcribcd  to  Beaiipie  Bell,    who  transfcired   it  to    his 
ingenious  iiiend,  J.  Jortiii,   M.  A.        ■ 

Marmor  hoc  ce'ternuln  Act 
fiicrum  honori  Magiins  Britanniiis 
QucE  Ifaucum  Newtonum  (Liiict'lnicnfem)  hie  fepulium 
orbi  dediffe  gloiiatur..    ' 


Epitaph  on  Mr.  Callle,  (fee.p.  jivii;);' 

Edmundus  Castle,  S.  T.  B.  hujns  Ecclcfia'  Reftor, 

C.  C.  C.  apud  Cantabrigienfes  Cuflos,  Decanus  Heretbrdienfis, 

Obiit  Jiin.  6,   1750,  star.  52. 

Quifquis  es 

Qui  nupcram  virtutem  fallidiofe  premis, 

Morum  antiquorum  ct  prifci  temporis  Laudator, 

Scias 

Neque  Uteris  inftrudHQrem, 

Neque  Mori  bus  {impliciorem, 

Vetuftatem  exhibuiffe. 

Fidem,  JulVitiam,  Pietatem 

(Siquis  unquam)  yere  excoluit : 

Summa  caritate  fuos  complexus  eft  ; 

Suos  autemduxit  Humanum  Genus. 

Susanna  Castle, 

Wife  of  the  late  Rev.  Mr.  Castle,  B.  D.    Re£lor  of  this  Parilh, 

Departed  this  life  February  21,  1766,  aged  66. 


Epitaph  on  Dr.  Rutherforth's  father,  in  the  church  of  Papworth  Ag- 
nes, CO.  Cambridge  :     See  p.  xxxiv. 

Chrifto, 
a.  morte .  invito, 
quod  .  fpem  .  certain  .  dederit  . 
optimorum  .  parentura  . 

ThOMA.  Sc  .  ElIZABETHj^  .  RUTHERFORTH  . 

a  .  mortuis  . 

olim  .  rcclpiendorum . 

liberi  .  fuperftites  .  confccraverunt. 

MDCC  XLVII. 


THE  GENTLEMEN'S  SOCIETY  AT  SPALDING.      xli 


Extraft  from  the  Letter  to  J.  Nichols,  referred  to  in  p.  xxxix. 

"  Mr.  Samuel  Wefley,  of  Epworth,  in  the  ifle  of  Axholme,  in  Lincolnfliire,  was 
the  grandfon  of  Mr.  Bartholomew  Wefley,  who  was  ejedted  by  the  aft  of  Uniformity 
(in  the  year  1662)  from  the  living  of  Charmouth  in  Dorfetihirc.  He  praftifed  phy- 
fic  after  his  ejectment;  but  the  death  of  his  fon  John  Wefley  fo  affeclfci  him,  that 
he  did  not  furvive  him  long.  This  John  Wefley  (of  whom  fee  a  very  minute  ac- 
count in  Calamy's  Contimuifion  or  Supplement  to  the  Abridgement  of  Baxter's 
Life,  vol.  I.  p.  437- — 445),  wasejefted  by  the  fainc  rigorous  afl  from  the  living  of 
Whitchurch,  near  Blandford.  Samuel  Wefley  (the  fon  of  John)  was  fent  to  the  uni- 
veifity  ;  there  he  imbibed  all  the  Orthodoxy  of  the  High  Church,  and  forgot  the 
Nonconformity  of  his  anceftor*.  He  was  the  author  of  feveral  large  works  ;  the 
merit  of  which  was  by  no  means  thought  proportionable  to  their  bulk.  An  heroic 
poem,  called  The  Life  of  Chrijl,  excited  the  ridicule  of  the  Wits,  particularly  of 
Garth  *  in  his  Difpenfary,  and  Swift  in  his  Battle  of  the  Books. 

"  In  one  of  the  earlier  editions  of  the  Dunciad  this  Mr.  Wefley  was  honoured 
with  a  nich  in  the  temple  of  "  the  Mighty  Mother."  He  was  placed  by  the  fide 
of  a  refpeiitable  companion.  Dr.  Watts. 

Now  all  the  fuff'ring  brotherhood  retire. 

And  'fcape  the  martyrdom  of  jakes  and  fire  ; 

A  Gothic  library  of  Greece  and  Rome 

Well  purg'd  ;  and  worthy  IVeJley,  Watts,  &c. 

[Seethe  learned  Commentator's  note,  by  way  of  a/i^/o^y,  as  well  as  esplanation.] 
They  were  afterwards  deprived  of  this  diftinflion ;  and  I  have  heard  that  Mr.  Pope 
fubftltuted  other  names  to  fill  up  the  chafm,  on  a  very  ferious,  though  gentle,  re- 
monftrance  made  to  him  by  Dr.  Watts  f .  "  1  never  offended  Mr.  Pope,"  faid  the 
amiable  Dodor,  "  but  have  always  exprefl'ed  iny  admiration  of  his  fuperior  genius. 
"  I  only  willied  to  fee  that  genius  more  employed  in  the  caufe  of  religion  j  and  al- 
"  ways  thought  it  capable  of  doing  it  great  credit  among  the  gay  or  the  more 
"  witty  part  of  mankind,  who  have  generally  defpifed  it  becaufe  it  hath  not  always 
"  been  fo  fortunate  as  to  meet  with  advocates  of  fuch  exalted  abilities  as  Mr.  Pope 
"  polTefl'es,  and  v.  ho  were  capable  of  turning  the  finefi  exertions  of  wit  and  genius 
"  in  its  favour."  The  remonfl:rance  had  its  effed  ;  and  Dr.  Watts  was  no  longer  to 
fit  in  the  feat  of  the  Dunces.  The  removal  of  Wefley  might  poffibly  be  owing  to 
the  interpofition  of  his  fon  Samuel  Wefley,  with  whom.  Mr.  Pope  correfponded,  and 
for  whom  he  always  expreflTed  a  very  particular  regard.  I  have  ieen  very  friendly 
letters  of  Pope  to  him  when  he  was  an  uflier  at  Wellminfter  fchool. 

*  "  Had  W never  aim'd  in  verfe  to  plcafe, 

"  We  had  not  lank'd  him  with  our  Ogilbys  : 

"  Still  cenliires  will  on  dull  pretenders  fall, 

"  A  Codrus  Ihould  expeft  a  Juiieiial."  ■• 

I  have  feen  a  MS.  poem  of  Wcfley's,  in  which  he  thus  retorts  on  the  Satyrift  : 

"  What  v/onder  he  fliould  Wefley  Codrus  call, 
"  Who  dares  I'urnaine  bim/tt/i  Ju  vknal  ! 

f  I  received  this  intcl!is;ence  from  my  late  worthv  friend  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lamb  of  Dorchefter ;  who  h.ad  the 
information  fiom  Mr.  Price,  Dr.  Watts's  co-paftur,  and  with  whom  he  was  connected  both  in  office  and 
fri'.-ndfliip,  wltk  an  unbroken  union,  for  thirty  vears. 

■  ^        f  f  "  Mr. 


xlH  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY    OF 

"  Mr.  Samuel  Wefley  the  elder  publifhed  a  poetical  verfion  of  the  Old  and  New 
TeRametit ;  and  at  a  very  advanced  age  a  volirminous  work  in  Latin  on  tbe  Book  of 
Job.  This  iaft  work  was  prefented  to  Queen  Caroline  by  Mr.  John  Wedev  (the  cele- 
brated father  of  the  Methodids),  who,  in  a  letter  to  his  brother  Samuel,  acknow- 
ledges the  very  courteous  reception  he  was  honoured  with  from  her  Majefty,  who  gave 
him  bazvs  zwd  /miles — but  nothing  for  his  poor  father  I  The  wcrk  was  never  held 
in  any  eHimation  by  the  Learned.  The  Engravings  feem  to  have  been  the  firllrudc 
eiibrts  of  an  untutored  boy.     Nothing  can  be  conceived  more  execrable! 

"  Old  Samuel  VVeiley  married  a  woman  of  extraordinary  abilities.  I  think  flie 
•wasof  the  family  ofPr.  Samuel  Anneiley,  a  celebrated  Nonconiormifl;  minilter.  Her 
letters  to  her  children  bear  the  marks  of  iublime  piety  and  great  fenfe  ;  particularly 
one  to  her  eldeit  fon,  on  the  principles  of  Natural  Religion,  which  is  now,  or  was 
lately,  in  the  pofleflion  of  Dr.  Prieftley,  with  many  others  equally  fenfible  and 
curious.  This  excellent  pair  had  a  very  numerous  olTspring.  Samuel  Wefley,  fird 
an  ufher  at  Weftminfter  fchool,  and  afterwards  head  ir.afterof  Blundell's  fehool  ac 
Tiverton,  was  the  eldeft ;  Charles,  the  prefent  Methodiit  preacher,  was,  if  I, 
have  not  been  mlfinformed,  the  youngefl^ 

"  Samuel  was  a  man  of  wit  and  learning :  a  High  Churchman  and  a  noted  Jacobite.. 
Sir  Robert  Walpole  was  the  principal  objedl;  of  his  political  fatires-,  many  of  which, 
remain  unpublilhed,  on  account  of  their  treafonable  tendency  ;  for,  in  the  rage  of 
Jacobitifm,  he  was  not  fcriipulous  In  the  fcleclion  of  charafters,  but  poured  out  the 
very  dregs  of  it  on  Royalty  itftlf.  He,  however,  publilhed  enough  to  render  him- 
felf  obnoxious  to  the  Miniftry  ;  fo  that  little  was  left  hiir.  but  that  penitence  which, 
arifing  from  mortification,  only  vents  itfelf  in  abufe.  Time,  however,  had  fo  far. 
gotten  the  better  of  his  fury  againfl:  Sir  Robert,  as  to  change  the  Satyrift  into  the 
Suppliant.  I  have  feen  a  copy  of  verfes  addrefled  to  the  great  Minifter  in  behalf 
of  his  poor  and  aged  parent.  But  I  have  feen  fomething  much  better.  I  have  in 
my  poffeffion  a  letter  of  this  podr  and  aged  parent  addrefled  to  his  fon  Samuel,  in 
which  he  gratefully  acknowledges  his  filial  duty  in  terms  fo  aflfeci^ing,  that  I  am  ar 
a  lofs  which  to  admire  moil,  the  gratitude  of  the  parent,  or  the  affedtion  and  ge- 
nerofity  of  the  child.  It  was  written  when  the  good  old  man  was  nearly  fourfcore, 
and  fo  weakened  by  a  palfey  as  to  be  incapable  of  diredling  a  pen  unlefs  with  his 
left  hand.  I  preferve  it  as  a  curious  memorial  of  what  will  make  Wefley  ap- 
plauded when  his  wit  is  forgotten. 

**  Mrs.  Wefley  lived  long  enough  to  deplore  the  extravagances  of  her  two  fons,, 
John  and  Charles.  She  confidereu  them  iis  ux\d?x  flrong  delufjons  to  believe  a  lie;. 
and  ftates  her  objections  to  their  enthufiaftic  principles  (particularly  in  the  matter 
of  Ajfurance)  with  great  ftrength  of  argument,  in  a  correfpondence  with  their  brother 
Samuel.  He  too  exerted  his  befl  powers  to  reclaim  them  from  their  wanderings : 
but  in  vain!  "  The  extravagant  and  erring  fpirit"  cou\d  not  be  reduced  to  "  its 
ozi,n  confine"     It  had  burd  its  bonds  afunder,  and  ran  violently  down  the  fteep  ! 

"  Samuel  Wefley  married  a  woman  of  the  name  of  Berry.  Her  father  v?as  a- 
clergyman  of  the  ei^ablilhed  church,  and  reftor  of  Watton  in  Norfolk.  Her 
grandfather  was  a  Nonconformift  minilter;  and  after  his  ejeflment  from  Eait 
Down  in  the  North  of  Dcvonfhirc,  refided  at  Barnllaple,  where  lome  of  his  defcend- 

■'  Samuel  Wefley  ufeJ  to  call  theni «'  Tbt  Brelbreti  of  tbe  Nerw  AJuranu.' 

■     -  ants- 


THE    GENTLEMEN'S    SOCIETY  AT   SPALDING,    xliii 

ants  continue  to  live  in  reputation. — Samuel  Wedey  left  an  only  daughter,  who 
married  a  Mr.  E;Hie,  an  apothecary  at  the  laft  mentioned  place.  They  had  an 
only  daughter,  who  married  a  gentleman  of  the  name  of  Manfel.  She  died  in  tra- 
vail for  her  firft  child. 

'*  John  Wefley,  the  Methodill,  was  born  about  the  beginning  of  the  prefent  cen- 
tury. Dr.  Prieftley  hath  in  his  pofTeffion  a  letter  from  Mrs.  Wefley  to  her  fou 
Samuel  Wefley,  who  was  at  that  time  a  fcholar  on  the  foundation  at  Wcflminfier. 
She  begins  the  letter  with  lamenting  the  great  lols  the  family  had  futlained  by  a 
fire  that  had  happened  a  few  days  before  at  the  parfonage  at  Epworth,  by  which 
they  were  all  driven  to  great  nccelTity.  The  houfe  was  burnt  to  the  ground,  and 
few  things  of  value  could  be  faved,  the  flames  Ipread  fo  rapidly.  She  thanks 
God  that  no  lives  were  loft,  though  for  fome  time  they  gave  up  poor  jacky  (as  Ihe 
expreflfes  herfelf ) ;  for  his  father  had  twice  attempted  to  refcue  the  child,  but  was 
beaten  back  by  the  flames.  Finding  all  his  efforts  abortive,  he  "  rcfigiud  him  to 
Divine  Providence."  But  parental  tendernefs  prevailed  over  human  fears,  and  Mr. 
Wefley  once  more  attempted  to  fave  his  child.  By  fome  means,  equally  unex- 
pefted  and  unaccountable,  the  boy  got  round  to  a  window  in  the  front  of  the  houfe, 
and  was  taken  out  —  1  think  by  one  man's  leaping  on  the  flioulders  of  another, 
and  thus  getting  within  his  reach.  Immediately  on  his  refcue  from  this  mufl;  pe- 
rilous fituation  the  roof  fell  in.  This  extraordinary  incident  explains  a  certain  de- 
vice iu  fome  of  the  earlier  prints  of  John  Wefley*,  viz.  a  houfe  iti  flanies,  with  this 
motto  from  the  prophet,  "  Is  he  not  a  brand  plucked  out  of  the  burning?''  Many 
have  fuppofed  this  device  to  be  merely  cmblcmaticai  of  his  fpiritual  deliverance. 
But  from  this  clrcumftance  you  mull  be  convinced  that  it  hath  •^.primary  as  well  as  a 
ftcondary  meaning.  It  is  real  as  well  as  alluftve. — This  fire  happened  when  John 
was  about  fix  years  old  ;  and,  if  I  recoiled  right,  in  the  year  1707. 

"  I  need  not  expatiate  on  the  abilities  of  this  Angular  man.  They  are  certainly 
wonderful  !  In  the  early  part  of  life  he  difcovcred  an  elegant  turn  for  poetry  ;  and 
fome  of  his  gjyer  pieces  in  this  line  are  proofs  of  a  lively  fancy,  and  a  fine  clafikal 
talfe  :  I  have  feen  fome  tranflations  from  the  Latin  poets,  done  by  him  at  college, 
which  have  grea'  merit.  1  once  had  an  opportunity,  by  the  favour  of  his  niece,  of  in- 
fpecting  fome  curious  original  papers,  which  throw  great  light  on  his  genius  and 
character.  He  had  early  a  very  ftrong  impreflTion  (like  Count  Zinzendorf)  of  his 
defignation  to  fome  extraordinary  work.  This  imprcffion  received  additional  force 
from  fome  domellic  incidents;  all  which  his  aftive  fancy  turned  to  his  own  account. 
His  wonderful  prefervation,  already  noticed,  naturally  tended  to  chei  i(h  the  idea 
of  his  being  defigned  by  Providence  to  accomplilli  fome  purpofe  or  other  that  was 
out  of  the  ordinary  courfe  of  human  events.  There  were  f.Trae  {[ro.v.QQ  phanornena 
perceived  at  the  parfonage  at  Epworth,  and  fome  uncommon  noifes  heard  there 
from  time  to  time,  which  he  was  very  curious  in  examining  into,  ai-.d  very  par- 
ticiiliiv  in  relating.  I  hav«  little  doubt  but  that  he  confidered  himfelf  as  the  ch'ef 
objeft  of  this  wo«</f;y}// vification.  Indeed,  <Sfl;7;//f/ Wcfley's  credulity,  was  in  fome 
degree  afFeded  by  it ;  fince  he  coUeded  all  the  evidences  that  tended  to  confirm 
the  llory,  arranged  them  with  fcrupulous  exadlnefs,  in  a  MS.  coniifting  of 
fevcral  (lieets,  and  which  is  ft  II  in  being.  I  know  not  what  became  of  the  Gholt 
of  Epworth  ;  unlefs,  confidered  as  the  prelude  to  the  ficifi  Mr.  John  Wefley  made 
on  a  more  ample  Itage,  it  ccaf;d  to  fpeak  when  he  began  to  a£f. 

*  Engraved  by  Vrrtue,  from  a  piftare  of  Willianis's,  iu  tf.e  year  1745. 

ff2  "  "The 


xliv  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY    OF 

"  The  dawn  of  Mr.  Wefley's  public  million  was  cloiuied  with  Myfticifm that 

fpecies  of  it  which  affec^ts  filence  and  lohtude  ;  a  certain  inexplicable  iiurovcrlion 
of  the  mind,  whrch  abftraiftsthe  paffions  from  all  fenhble  objects,  and,  as  the  French 
QLiietifts  exprefs  it,  perfects  itfelf  by  an  abforption  of  the  will  and  incellecl,  and 
all  the  faculties  into  ibe  Deity.  In  this  "  palpable  obscure"  the  excellent  Fenelon 
lo[l  himfelf^when  he  forfook  the  fiiadesof  I'indus  to  wander  in  (]'jefl:  of  "  pure  love" 
with  Madame  Guyon  !     Mr.  Wefley  purfued    for   a   while  the   fame  ignis  fctuiis 

with  ^b■.  William  Law  and  the  Ghoji  of  De  Ilenty. A  (late,  however,  fo  torpid 

and  ignoble  ill  fuited  the  active  genius  of  this  Angular  man.  His  elattic  mind 
gained  firength  by  compreffion ;  thence  burjling  glorious,  he  paiTed  (as  he  himfelf 
lomewhere  fays)  "  the  immenfe  chafm  upborn  on  an  eagle's  wings." 

"  His  fyftem  of  Divinity,  indeed,  was  relaxed  ;  or  rather  I  would  fay,  it  was  made 
jTior-  commodious  ior  general  ufc.  The  fpeculations  of  the  Mydics  were  too  ab- 
flraf'led  and  too  much  fublimated  for  the  conceptions  of  the  grofs  herd  of  mankind. 
Refined  maxims,  that  have  little  connexion  with  the  general  fentiments  and  habits 
of  the  human  race,  were  not  calculated  to  make  profelytes  by  the  common  engines 
of  hope  and  fear.  The  Million  could  neither  be'amufed  nor  alarmed  by  principles 
in  which  the  heart  could /^e/  no  intereft.  A  few  minds  of  a  peculiar  texture  might 
pofllbly  take  a  fancy  to  them.  But  Mr.  Wefley's  bufmefs  was  with  minds  of  every 
compoiition  ;  and  though  the  Poet  fays, 

Oderunt  hilar  em  trijles,  irijlemque  joco/i ; 

yet  he  employed  himfelf  to  fearch  for  fome  common  band,  by  which  difpofitions  the 
inoft  heterogeneous,  and  fefts  the  mofl:  difcordant,  might  have  a  centre  of  union.^ 
He   fludied   mankind  beyond   the  v/alls  of  his  college;  znd  xht  Fellow  of  Lincoln 
became,  in  a  certain  fenfe,  a  man  of  the  world.     His  penetration  is  wonderfully 
acute;  and  his  dexterity  in  debate  hath  been  fo  long  known,  that  it  is  almofl:  be- 
come proverbial.     He  was  ever  more  attentive  to  reafon  and  prudence  than  his  great 
rival,  George  Whitcfield,     He  was  more  calm  in  his  addrefs ;  more  candid   in  his 
fentiments ;  and  more  reafonable  in  his  doflrines.     He  had  all  Whitefield's  zeal 
and  perfeverance,  with  double  his  underftanding,  and  ten  times  inorc  learning  and 
fcience.     Though  Prudence  was   his  pole-fl:ar,  yet  Imagination   was  frequently  his 
card.     He  gave  it  ;dl  the  play  that  was  neceffary  to  eftablirti  the  credit  of  his  mifiion. 
"  Mr.  John  Wefley's  prudence  hath   been  frequently  imputed  to   fome  flnifter 
motives  ;  and  what   appeared   to  bis  friends  as  "  the  ivifdom  of  the  ferpent,"  was 
pronounced  by  his  enemies  to  be  the  craft  ef  the  wicked  one.     The  Zealots  of  the 
fecond  Houfe  of  Mcchodifm  fpeak  this  with  a  full  mouth.     I  was  at  Briftol  fome 
jears   fince,  when  the   Hon.   Mr.  Shirley,  by  the  order   of  my  Lady  Huntingdon, 
called   him  to  a  public  account   for  certain  exprefiions  which  he  had  uttered  in 
jbme  Charge  to   his   Clergy^  which   favoured  too  much  of  the  Popifh  Do^rine  of 
ilie  merit  of  good  works.     Various   fpeculations  were  formed  as   to  the  manner  in 
•which  Mr.  W-efley  would  evade   the    charge.     Few  conjcftured    right;    but  all 
feemcd  to  agree  in  one  thing  ;  and  that  was,   that  he  wouldi  fomchow  or  ctker  bafilc 
his  anragonilt :   and  baflle  him  he  did;  as  Mr.  Shirley  afterwards  confeflTed  in    a 
very  lamentable  pamphlet,  which   he   publiflied   on  this  redoubted  controverfy.     In 
the  crifis  of  the  difpute,  I  heard  a  celebrated  Preacher,  who  was  one  of  Whitefield's 
fucceflbrs,  exprefs  hisfufpicion  of  the  event ;  "  for,"  iays  he,  "  I  know  him  of  old  : 
he  is  an  eel ;  ta':o  him  where  you  will,  he  will  flip  through  your  fingers." 

"  A  poem, 


THE    GENTLEMEN'S   SOCIETY    AT    SPALDING,     xly 

"  A  poem,  intituled,  '•  Rellt^ious  Difcourfc,"  and  publiflied  by  him  in  one  of  his 
earlier  collections,  was  pointed  out  to  me,  'oy  his  oa  n  niece,  as  a  very  llriking  de- 
lineation of  bis  difi-olition  and  charafter.  She  (aid,  her  father  regarded  it  in  the  fame 
unfavourable  light.  [  have  fome  doiibc  of  this  ;  for  I  have  the  original  copy  *•  now 
before  me,  with  marginal  correftions  (chiefly  vsrbal)  in  the  hand-writing  of  Samuel 
Wefley.  Had  he  thoroughly  difapproved  of  it,  he  would  have  drawn  his  peti 
acrofs  the  whole.  His  correction  ot  particular  paffages  Was  a  tacit  acknowledge- 
ment of  his  approbation  of  the  reft. 

*■'  At  the  beginning  of  the  poem  are  thefe  lines  :, 

"  But  who  mufl:  talk  ?  Not  the  mere  formal  Sage 
"  Who  Ipeaks  the  obfcquious  echo  of  the  age, 
"  To  Chriliian  lives  who  brings  the  Gofpel  down, 
*'  A  Gofpel  moderniz'd  by  • !" 

"  On  tfhis  hiatus  Samuel  Wefley  notesjn  the  margin  —  "  If  T n,  too  hard." 

Tiliotfon  was  undoubtedly  meant.     He  was  equally  the  objed   of  diflike   to 

Mcthodiffs  and  High-churchmen.  His  Theology  was  too  rational  for  the  former  ; 
and  his  Politics  were  too  moderate  for  the  latter.  The  wonder  is  not,  that  John 
Wefley  fliould  have  fhewn  an  inclination  to  infult  the  memory  of  a  fober  Divine  ; 
but  the  wonder  is,  that  Samuel  Wefley  fiiould  have  been  difpofed  to  fliew  lenity 
to  a  Low-churchman,  and  a  Whig  of  the  Picvolution  :  efpecially  when  it  is  con- 
fidered,  that  he  hinifelf  hath  made  this  f.:me  renowned  and  amiable  Prelate, 
the  object  of  bitter  fatire,  both  in  his  "  Parilh  Prieft,"  and  in  a  poem  "  to  the 
"  memory  of  Dr.  South."  In  the  former  his  name  is  mentioned,  and  very  invi- 
dioufly  contrafted  with  Stillingfleet's ;  in  the  latter  he  is  plainly  alluded  to,  as  a  fecret 
abettor  of  "  Sociuus  and  his  followers ;" 

"  And  yields  up  points  their  favour  to  engage, 
"  Tranfcribing  Epifcopius  by  the  page." 

"  The  Archbifhop  hath  been  alfo  charged  with  too^free  a  life  of  the  Frafres  Poloni, 
the  great  Codex  of  the  Socinians ;  though  he  never  condefcended  to  acknowledge 
the  obligation  to  fuch  obfcure  writers  •,  for  whoever  heard  oi  Schlichtinq_iiis,  Pfcipco- 
vius,  or  IVolzoiTenius  ?  In  the  oblivion  into  which  they  were  funk,  he  might  fancy 
himfelf  to  be  fecure  from  detedion.  Or  poflibly  he  might  think  that  whatever  he 
could  glean  from  their  works,  that  had  any  intrinfic  value  in  it,  fhould  be  left  to 
itfelf,  to  make  its  own  way  in  the  world,  well  knowing  that  it  could  receive  no 
aflift-ance  or  recommendation  from  the  Brethren  of  Poland. 

"■  But  to  return  from  this  digreilion  to  the  charaderijiic  Poem  of  our  fagacious 
and  wary  Apoflle. 

"There  are  pafl'ages  in  it  which  might  giveoccafion  to  Mr.  John  Wefley's  ene- 
mies, to  reprcfent  him  as  a  man  of  more  art  than  integrity ;  and  perhaps  it  would 
puzzle  the  moft  fubtle  of  his  Profelytes  to  reconcile  his  maxims  wish  that  "  child-like 
and  dove-like  limplicity"  which  he  teaches  and  they  profefs.  As  the  poem  is  very 
curious,  and  but  little  known,  I  think  you  will  be  pleafed  wiih  a  few  extracts 
from  it  : 

'^  An  autograph  of  Mr.  John  Wefley. 

7  "To 


xlvi  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORYOF 

*'  To  the  pert  Reas'ner,  if  you  fpeak  at  all, 

"  Speak  what  within  his  cognizance  may  fall. 

"  Expofe  not  Truths  divine  to  Reafon's  rack, 

"  Give  him  his  own  belov'd  ideas  back. 

"  Tour  notions,  till  they  look  like  his,  dilute  ; 

"  Blind  he  muft  be,  but  fave  him  from  difpute. 

"  But  when  we  are  turn'd  of  Reafon's  noon-tide  glare, 

"  And  things  begin  to  fhew  us  what  they  are, 

"  More  free  to  fuch  your  true  conceptions  tell, 

"  Tet  graft  them  on  the  arts  where  they  excell, 

"  If  fprightly  fentiments  detain  their  tafte, 

"  If  paths  of  various  learning  they  have  trac'd, 

"  If  their  cool  judgment  longs,  yet  fears,  to  fix, 

"  Fire,  Erudition,  Hefitation  mix. 

"  it  is  this  accommodating  method  which  hath  brought  on  Mr.  Wedey  the  oppro- 
brium of  Jefuitifm.  I  hope  his  ends  were  Catholic  and  difinterefled  ;  though  I 
mufl  acknowledge,  that  ixi^means  have  the  fufpicious  complexion  of  felfifh  and 
SeBarian  cunning. 

"  Topofitive  Adepts,  infidious  yield, 

"  To  gain  the  conqueftyft'w  to  quit  the  field. 

"  Large  in  your  grants  — Be  their  opinloa  flie\7n, 

*'  Approve,  amend,  and  wind  it  to  your  ozvn." 

"  The  following  lines  have  fpirit  and  humoiar  in  them  : 

"  There  are  who  watch  to  adore  the  dawn  of  Grace, 
"  And  pamper  the  young  Profelyte  with  praife. 
"  Kind,  humble  fouls!   they  with  a  right  good-will 
"  Admire  hisprogrefs — till  he  (lands  ftock-flill  ! 
"  So  fond,  fo  fmooth,  fo  loving  and  fo  civil, 
*'  They  praife  the  crcd'lons  Saint  into  a  Devil  I" 

"  Se6\aries  and  Enthufiafts  of  all  defcriptions  have  frequent  opportunities  of 
contemplating  characters  of  this  unflieady  make.  A  Religion  that  islounded  more 
on  paflion  than  judgment ;  which  applies  its  criteria  lo  certain  feelings  which  have 
no  fixed  principle  in  the  underftanding;  a  Religion  which  couCiih  of  Angularities 
that  are  beyond  the  habits  of  common  life  and  general  cuftom,  will  be  ever  fub- 
jeft  to  ridiculous  and  untoward  viciffitudes. 

"  Dr.  Warburton  hath  been  thought  profane  in  the  ridicule  he  hath  fo  repeat- 
edly thrown  on  Mr.  ^Ve^ey's  accoimt  of"  the  pains  and  throws  of  the  fecond  birth," 
He  confidercd  the  whole  as  a  compound  of  impoflure  and  credulity.  The  learned 
Bilhop  was  not  always  diflicate  in  the  choice  of  his  allufions.,  If  his  ideas  were 
grofs,  he  never  gave  himfclf  the  trouble  to  refine  them  down  by  the  niceties  of  ex- 
prefiion.  As  he  thought,  fo  he  writ;  and  feemcd  to  imagine,  that  to  polifii  a 
rugged  fentiment  was  to  weaken  its  force.  •'  The  Devil,"  fays  he,  "afttd  as  mid- 
wife to  Mr.  Wcfley's.  newborn  babes.'*  In  another  part  of  his  book,  he  takes 
occa'".on,  from  a  concciiion  of  the  Arch-Methodifl,  to  declare,  that  "  Mr.  William 
•'  Law  begat  Methodifm,  and  CountZinzendorf  rocked  the  cradle."  He  allows  W  hite- 

field 


THE   GENTLEMEN'S     SOCIETY    AT    SPALDING.        xlvii 

field  little  credit  ;  calls  him  "  the  madder  of  the  two  :"  but,  confidering  him  in  a 
very  inferior  light  to  Mr.  Wefiey,  almoft  paffes  him  by  unnoticed.  Whatever  good 
and  hnulable  intentions  the  Bilhop  might  have  had  ;  or  how  zealous  focver  he 
might  have  been  to  fupport  the  intereft  of  fober  Reliijion  a^ainlf  the  iniuks  and 
incroachnients  of  Fanacicifm  ;  yet,  I  think,  it  is  pretty  generally  allowed  that  he 
was  no"  pertciflly  happy  in  the  means  he  chofe  to  elftct  his  good  purpofes.  There 
is  much  acute  nafoning,  and  much  poignant  and  iprightly  wit,  in  his  "  Doftrineof 
"  Grace  ;"  but  there  is  in  it  too  much  levity  for  a  grave  Blihop,  and  too  much 
abufe  for  a  candid  Chriftian.  If  the  fubjeft  was  not  unworthy  of  his  pen,  he 
fliould  not  have  given  fuch  a  reprcfentation  of  it  as  to  make  it  look  as  if  it  was. 
Who  bcgc^,  or  who  mtdzvived,  cr  who  mrfed  Methudifm,  is  a  point  I  fliall  leave 
to  the  determination  of  others.  Mr.  Wcfley's  ozvn  account  of  this  matter  is  feen 
to  a  better  advantage  in  liis  poem,  than  in  Dr.  Warburton's  extracts  from  his  Jour- 
nals.    Excufe  this  quotation  ;  it  fliall  be  the  lall. 

"  But,  left,  reform'd  from  all  extreamer  ill, 

"  They  fliculd  but  civilize  old  Nature  ftill ; 

"  The  loftier  charms  and  energy  d-fplay 

"  Of  Virtue  model'd  by  the  Godhead's  ray  ; 

"  The  lineaments  divine,  perfevtion's  plan, 

•'  The  bafenefs  and  the  dignity  of  man. 

•'  Commences  now  the  aQonizinar  flrife, 

"  Previous  to  Nature's  death  and  fecond  life. 

"  Struck  by  their  own  inclement  piercing  eye, 

"  Their  feeble  virtues  blufh,  deipair,  and  die. 

"  Tliey  view  the  fcheme  that  mimic  Nature  made», 

*'  A  fancy 'd  Goodnefs,   and  Religion's  fliade. 

*'  With  angry  fcorn  they  nowrejeft  the  whole, 

"  Uuchang'd  the  heart,  undeified  the  foul, 

"  Till  Indignation  flceps  away  to  Faith, 

"  And  God's  own  power  and  -peace  take  root  in  facred  wrath." 

"  Particular  inftances  may  be  adduced,  that  in  a  detached  view  might  render  Mr. 
Wefley's  underjlandtng  a  very  problematical  thing.  But  an  impartial  and  wife 
judge  will  not  determine  by  a  few  particulars,  but  by  the  refulc  of  the  whole. 
Mr.  Wefley  had  a  very  important  end  in  viev/ ;  and  it  required  a  great  degree 
of  fagacity,  as  well  as  refolution,  to  plan  and  purfue  the  means  that  were  neceffary 
to  eifeft  it.  Thefe  means  confidered  in  their  joint  dependance  and  operation  were 
extraordinary,  and  called  for  an  equal  {hare  of  enthufiafm  to  adluate,  and  wifdom 
to  fuperintend.  Such  fchemes  of  reformation  as  were  fo  extenlive  and  complicated 
as  his,  were  not  the  tranfient  vifions  of  an  overheated  fancy,  but  the  deep  projeds 
of  a  fubtle  mind,  and  called  for  the  moft  determined  efforts  of  a  warm,  refolute,  and> 
yet  cautious  fpirit. 

"  In  one  of  Mr.  Wefley's  earlier  publications,  entitled.  An  Earnejl  Appeal  to  Men 
of  Re  a/on  arid  Religion  *,  he,  in  the  ftrongeft  language,  difavows  all  pecuniary  mo- 
tives; and  calls  on  pofterity  to  vindicate  his  dilintereftednefs  in  one  of  the  boldelt 

*  1743,  i2mo,  p.  48, 

**  apoftrophes 


xluii  APPENDIX     TO     THE     HISTORY     OF 

apoilrophes  I  ever  read  :  "  Money  rnufc  needs  pal's  through  my  hands,"  Hiys  he  ; 
"  but  I  will  take  care  (God  being  tny  helper)  that  the  maminon  of  unrightcoufnefs 
"  fhali  only  pafs  through  ;  it  flTall  not  reft  there.  None  of  the  accurfed  ihingfl:)all 
'•  be  found  in  my  tents,  when  the  Lord  calleth  me  hence.  And  hear  ye  this,  all 
•'  you  who  have  difcovered  the  treafures  which  I  am  to  leave  behind  me ;  if  I  leave 
"  behind  me  ten  pounds  (above  my  debts  and  the  little  arrears  of  my  Fellowfiiip) 
'*'  you  and  all  mankind  bear  witnefs  againft  me,  that  I  lived  and  died  a  Thief  and  a 
*'  Robber."  I  doubt  not  but  his  pride,  and  foraething  better  than  his  pride,  will 
prevent  the  ftigma. 

"  At  the  age  of  fourfcore,  Mr.  Wefley  is  ftill  aftive  and  chearful.  His  a£livity  in- 
deed hath  always  kept  him  in  fpiriis,  and  prevented  thofe  fits  of  languor  and  defpou- 
dency  which  generally  overtake  the  indolent.  He  is  an  excellent  companion  ;  and, 
in  fpite  of  cenfure,  I  believe  he  is  an  honeft  man.  The  jealoufy  of  the  Tabernacle 
hath  joined  with  the  zeal  of  a  higher  houfe  to  detraft  from  the  purity  of  his  c4ia- 
racler  ;   but  the  arrow  that  Jlew  in  darknefs  only  recoiled  on  thofe  who  fent  it. 

"  Mr.  Wefley,  after  receiving  the  facrament  this  lad  fummer  at  the  Cathedral  of 
Exeter,  was  invited  by  the  Biiliop  to  dine  at  the  Palace.  There  were  fome  who 
thought  his  Lordfliip  might  have  fpared  the  compliment;  but  others  confidered  it 
as  only  another  proof,  added  to  the  many  he  hath  already  given,  of  his  amiable 
courtefy,  candour,  and  good  fenfe.  How  tar  he  relaxed  his  zeal  or  his  dignity  by 
his  condefcenfion,  may  be  a  point  to  be  canvaiTed  by  the  Scrupulous :  but  the  Wife 
and  the  Good  of  every  communion  will  fettle  it  in  a  moment. 

"  The  difcourfe  at  the  table  turned  on  a  variety  of  literary  topics.  At;hattime 
the  public  was  amufed  by  the  controverfy  about  Rowley's  Poems.  Mr.  Wefley  faid, 
that  he  had  made  enquiries  about  Chattcrton;  and  from  the  information  he  could 
gather,  he  could  fcarcely  believe  him  equal  to  fuch  a  complicated  and  ingenious 
piece  of  fraud.  The  fubjeft  introduced  the  name  of  Mr.  Jacob  Bryant.  Mr.  Canon 
Moore  afked  him,  if  he  had  ever  read  that  gentleman's  Analyfis.  He  faid,  he  had 
not  only  read  the  two  firfl  volumes,  but  had  afluallv  abridged,  them.  Mr.  Moore 
lent  him  the  third  volume,  which  he  intended  to  abridge  likewile.  Thefe  are  in- 
ilances  of  uncommon  afliduity,  as  well  as  Angular  curiofity  in  this  tranfcendant  man, 
as  Rifliop  Warburton  denominated  him,  in  a  vein  of  mingled  fatire  and  irony  ;  but 
posterity  may,  perhaps,  apply  the  epithet  to  him  w/VZ'cz// a jeft. 

"  1  could  with  pleafure  enlarge  on  tiiis  fubjeift ;  but  1  write  in  great  hafle,  and  have 
only  time  to  add,  that  there  was  a  filter  of  the  V^'eflc;',-?,  called  Mehetabel,  who 
married  a  gentleman  of  the  name  of  IVright.  I  have  feen  fome  good  pieces  of  hers 
both  in  profe  and  verfe.  She  was  unfortunate  both  before  and  after  marriage  ; 
as  was  another  of  her  fillers,  who  married  the  famous  Wefley  Hall  of  Salisbury, 
who  had  the  honour  of  being  Mr.  Madan's  precurjbr  in  the  great  .million  of 
'Jhelypthora  I      I  am,  dear  Sir,  yours,   &c. 


South  Molton,  Dec.  5,  1782. 


S.  EADCOCK. 


FOUR 


T  H  E  G  li  N  T  L  Z  M  fi  N'3  S  O  C  I  £  T  Y   A  T    S  L>  A  I.  0  I  N  G.    x!ix 

Four  Letters  that  pafTed  between  Dr.  Ducarel,  Mr.  Johnsont, 
&c.  relative  to  the  Uevival  of  the  Society  of  Antiquarie* 
of  London,    1717. 

Dr.   Ducarel  to  Maurice  Johnson,   Efq.  of  Spalding,   Lin- 

colnlliire. 

C  T  T)  Doi^ors  Commons, 

^^^'  Taa.  19,  ,754. 

As  I  know  no  perfon  can  have  a  greater  regard  for  the  learned 
Society  of  Antiquaries  than  yoiirfelf,    I  hope  a  letter  from  me, 
written  at  the  requeft  of  that  Society,  will  not  prove  unacceptable. 
You  are,  Sir,  at  prefent,  our  fenior  member,  and,  I  dare  fay,  yon 
perfectly  well  remember  the  revival  of  our  Society  in  17 17,   of 
which  you  maybe  properly  called  one  of  the  re-founders.  Mr.  War- 
burton,  Somerfet  Herald,  and  formerly  a  member,  has  lately  pub- 
li(hedabook  intituled  Vallum  Romanian,  and  in  the  preface  (after 
giving  an  account  of  the  old  Society  of  Antiquaries)  has  infcrted 
the  following  words  relating  to  the  prefent  one:   "  The  old  So- 
*'  ciety  being  thus  broke  up,  the  ftudy  of  Roman  learning  lay 
"  dormant  in  Britain  until  the  year  17 16,  that  the  publication  of 
"  my  Map  of  Northumberland  again  revived  it.      The  infcriptions 
**  1  had  difcovered,  and  engraved  in  it,  foon  raifed  debates  among 
*'  the  learned;   fome  read  them  one  way,  fome  another  ;  and  I  in 
"  my  turn  was  blamed  or  commended,  as  the  judgement  or  caprice 
"  bell  pleafed  the  commentators.      However,  thefe  contefts  foon 
"  after  terminated  ;  for,  in  the  year  1 7  17,  a  new  Society  of  Anti- 
"  quaries  was  formed  on  the  fame  plan  with  the  old;   and  on  the 
"  13th  of  January,  17 1 9,1  had  the  honour  to  be  elected  a  member 
"  thereoif." 

By  this  paragraph,  Mr.  Warburton  would  feem  toinfituate,  that 
his  Map  of  Northumberland  gave  birth  to  our  Society;  for  which 
reafon,  it  becomes  neceffary  that  an  enquiry  fhould  be  made  into 
the  occafion  and  manner  of  its  revival,  and  to  know  the  following 
fads. 

g  g  Firft,  ■ 


1  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY    OF 

Firft,  In  what  year  the  Society  was  revived  ? 

Secondly,   By  whom,  and  in  what  manner? 

Thirdly,  Whether,  at  the  time  of  its  revival,  his  Map  of  Nor- 
thumberland was  ever  thought  of,  and  whether  he  was  ever  taken 
notice  of  by  any  of  the  members  on  that  account  before  the  1 3th 
of  January  1719,  when  he  was  admitted  a  member? 

The  Society,  having  confidered  thefe  things,  have  done  me  the 
honour  to  refer  the  enquiry  to  me;  and  it  is  on  that  occafion  that 
I  take  the  liberty  of  addrelling  myfelf  to  you,  defiring  you.  Sir,,, 
would  be  pleafed,.  as  loon  as  you  conveniently  can,  to  give  me  as 
full  an  account  as  you  are  able  of  the  revival  of  our  Society,  and 
the  occafion  of  it,  together  Vvith  the  dates  and  names  of  fuch  ori- 
ginal members  as  you  may  have(unlefs  already  printed  in  cur  lift), 
and  alfo  copies  of  fome  of  the  firft  memoranda  you  may  have 
made  at  that  time  ;  by  doing  of  which  you  will  very  much  oblige 
our  learned  and  flourifliing  Society,  and  more  particularly.  Sir, 
your  moft  obedient  humble  fervant, 

Andrew  Coltee  Ducarel. 


Anfwer  of  Maurice  Johnson,  Efq.  to  Dr.  Ducarel,  concern-^- 
ing  the  revival  of  the^Society  of  Antiquaries. 

[This,  letter  I  received  February  8,  1754,  N.  S.  I  fup- 
pofe  Mr.  Johnfon,  being  an  Antiquary,  continues  to 
ufe  the  Old  Style.     A.  CD.] 

Good  Doctor,  vJ.'^fZ^s,. 

On  receiving  by,  laft  Thurfday's  poft  the  favour  of  your  com- 
mands dated  the  29th  ult.  relating  to  the  revival  of  our  Society 
of  Antiquaries  of  London,  and  requiring  of  me  as  the  furviving 
fenior  member.forne  account  thereof,  fuch  as  my  memory  or  me- 
.■Rioranda  can  afford  ;  with  my  due  regard  to  thofe  learned  gen- 
tlemen and  yourfelf,  Sir,  you'll  be  pleafed  to  acquaint  them,  That- 

aj: , 


THE    GENTLEMEN'S    SOCIETY   AT    SPALDING.  li 

nt  the  inftancc  of  Dr.  Mortimer '•■  (who  propofed  to  prefix  them  to 
fome  Philolophical  Tranfa6lions  he  intended  to  dedicate  to  his 
Grace  the  D  licc  of  Buccleugh,  F.  R.  S.  and  patron  of  Spalding 
Gentlemen's  Society),  1  furnilhed  him  with  what  notices  I  then' had 
relating  to  either  of  them,  or  to  any  other  Literary  Societies,  viz. 
thofe  of  Dublin,  Worcefter,  WifDeach,  Lincoln,  Stamford,  Peter- 
borough, or  others  whereof  any  note  occurred  to  me,  chiefly  from 
the  Minute  Books  of  S.  G.  S.  [Society  of  Gentlemen  at  Spalding];  and 
long  fince  then,  at  the  defire  of  feveral  of  our  worthy  friends  and 
fellow  members,  particularly  the  Reverend  Mr.  George  North  of 
Codicote,  Hertfordfliire,  4th  of  June  laft;  in  writing  the  faidMr. 
North  t-Qwards  his  attempting  an  Hijlory  of  our  Antiquarian  Society, 
London\^  from  as  early  times  as  any  Notitias  can  be  procured;  I 
tranfmitted  to  that  induftrious  and  ingenious  old  acquaintance,  by 
my  fon,  in  July  laft,  what  I  had  relating  thereto  |.  From  17^,  I 
had  the  pleafure  of  being  acquainted  and  frequently  meeting  (at 

*  Dr.  Stukeley,  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Ames,  Sec.  Aiu.  Soc.  dared  May  6,  1 752,  fays, 
'*'  he  had  written  to  Mr.  Johnfon,  whofe  anfwer  was,  that  he  had  no  plan  of  the  So- 
ciety figned  by  any  body,  only  a  rude  piece  of  paper  on  which  the  Doctor  had  writ- 
ten a  kind  of  projeft  for  an  Antiquary  Society,  on  which  Mr.  Johnfon  had  made  fome 
loofe  memorandums  for  his  ov/n  ufe;  that  when  Dr.  Mortimer,  1738,  was  going  to 
publifh  fome  account  of  all  our  Literary  Societies  out  of  the  Univerfuies,  and  forthac 
purpofe,  as  he  pretended,  prevailed  on  Mr.  Johnfon  to  take  that  trouble;  he  ex- 
tracted from  his  papers  a  pretty  full  account  of  the  Spalding  Society,  and  revival  of 
that  at  London,  dated  Jan.  29,  1738,  to  which  Dr.  Mortimer  returned  an  anfwer.  • 
Mr.  Johnfon  fent  a  fecond  letter  dated  March  3,  1738.  He  added,  that  Dr.  Mor- 
timer was  frequently  intreated  by  him  and  his  friends  to  make  the  propofed  ufe  of 
their  extraifls  according  to  his  promife,  yet  he  difinrenioufly  refufed  it."  Dr.  Stuke- 
ley adds,  *'  if  the  Society  can  induce  the  Doiflor's  fon  Hans  to  reflorc  Mr.  John- 
*'  fon's  and  his  father's  coUeftiows,    ihey  may  be  of  fervice." 

■j-  In  I  769,  when  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  determined  to  publifli  their  Tranf- 
afiions,  application  was  made  to  Mr.  North  for  his  materials  towards  compiling  a 
Hiftory  of  their  Foundation.  Mr.  North  returned  all  the  papers  relative  to  that 
fubjeift  "  thatfurvived  his  order  to  burn  moftof  his  papers  indifcriminatcly  in  a  dan- 
*'  gerous  illnefs,  which  he  had  about  lour  years  before,  from  a  convi(ftion  how  un- 
"  generoufly  fuch  things  are  commonly  ufed  after  a  perfon's  deceafe.  Then,  fays  he, 
•'  perilhed  a  number  of  uncominon  anecdotes,  concerning  all  who  appeared  to  be  An- 
"  tiqnaries,  down  to  Dugdale's  death,  which  I  had  been  induced  to  collect  by  Afti* 
**  mole's  mention  of  the  Antiquaries,  and  their  annual  dinner." 

\  Mr.  Johnfon  referred  thereinto  his  own  Adverfaria,  to  the  Spalding  Society's 
minutes,  vol.  IL  50;  and  to  letters  from  Dr.  Siukeley,   1717. 

g  g  2  the 


lii  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY     OF 

the  Temple  'Change,  and  other  cofFee-houfes  and  taverns  about 
the  Temple)  with  Mr.  Le  Neve,  Norroy -•-•,  Mr.  Edward  Alexander  *, 
Dr.  Brook,  Mr.  John  Chicheley,  thetwoMr.  Gales,  Mr. Hare*,  Mr. 
Mickleton*,  Mr.  Pavey,  Mr.  Saunderfon*,  Mr.  Wanley*,  and  Mr. 
Warkhoufe,  who,  with  Mr.  George  Holmes*,  were  well  ikilled  in 
Records,  which,  with  the  ftudy  of  our  Hiftory  and  Conftitution,  co- 
inciding with  my  profeffion,  made  me  very  willingly  wait  on  luch 
of  them,  and  other  noblemen  and  gentlemen  of  other  profeflions 
curious  in  their  refearches  of  antiquity,  as  then  were  ufed  to  meet 
and  difcourfe  on  fuch  fubjedls;  to  whom  I  had  the  pleafure  to 
introduce  my  own  brother  and  other  relations  and.  mod  intimate 
acquaintances,  particularly  my  own  countryman  and  dear  friend 
Dr.  Stukeley,  with  whofe  affiftance,  and  Mr,  David  Galley's,  at 
the  Cotton  Library,  we  tranfcribed  and  examined  from  Fauftina 
E.  5.  the  projecft  formed  by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Lon- 
don for  eftablifliing  that  Society  and  Library,  by  Cotton,  Dodde- 
ridge,  Lee,  Davis,  &:  al.  whence  the  Dodor  (being  the  firfl  Secretary 
on  the  revival)  drew  up  the  original  plan  and  propofals,  with  the 
rules  for  re-eftabUfliing  the  academy  of  Antiquaries,  or  Antiquarian 
Society,  London,  in  the  Minute-book  of  their  a6fs  and  obferva- 
tions  ;  which  you,  Sir,  will  pleafe  to  confider  (or  the  tranfcript  by 
Mr.  Theobald),  and  to  confuit  the  Dodfor  himfelf  thereupon,  and 
upon  the  fubjedt- matter  of  your  letter  and  the  Society's  enquiries, 
who  is  able,  efpecially  with  the  review  of  the  faid  Society's  firft 
Minute-book,  and  his  own  memoranda  or  memory,  to  give  yau^ 
fuller  fatisfadtion  ;  or  Mr.  North,  in  his  refearches,  from  whom  I 
have  not  received  my  papers  back,  with  others  lent  him  relating 
to  our  coins,  Saxon,  Danifli,  and  Norman,  et  de  monetd  auredy 
nor  have  feen  the  Vallum  Romanum. 

But  am.  Sir,  with  great  efteem,  yours^^  and  all  our  worthy  bro- 
ther members  (with  my  fon  Walter's  compliments)  much  obliged, 
ready,  and  moft  obedient  fervant,  M.Johnson. 

*  Otihcfe  fee  Introd.  to  Archaeol.  p.  xxxiii.  xxxiv  xxxv.  Of  the  two  learned 
brothers,  11.  antl  S.  G.ile,  feme  Memoirs  are  prefixed  to  our  collefiion  of  their  Icc- 
ters.     Of  the  others  not  marked  wc  fhould  be  glad  to  collei^  fome  notices. 

Copy 


THE   GENTLEMEN'S    SOCIETY   AT    SPALDING.        liii 

Copy  of  part  of  a   letter  from    Browne   Willis,     LL.  D.    to 
Dr.  DucAREL,  on  the  fame  fubjeit. 

Good    Doctor,  Aynhoe  in  North.™ ptonftire, 

'  rcbruary  S>,  i  754, 

Yours  follows  me  hither,  where  I  came  to  fpend  a  week.  At 
the  end  of  the  month  I  hope  to  fetout  for  London,  and  fliall  be 
ready  to  give  what  information  I  can  about  our  Society.  What 
Mr.  Warburton  advances,  I  think  little  notice  need  be  taken  of  it, 
and  that  it  is  fcarce  worth  refuting.  I  think  I  gave  fome  gentle- 
man, as  Mr.  Vertue  or  Dr.  Stukeley,  fome  account  of  what  I  re- 
membered about  our  firft  meeting.  Mr.  Holmes,  Mr.  Maddox, 
Mr.  Le  Neve,  Mr.  Sanderfon,  Mr.  Hare,  and  myfelf,  were  fome 
of  the  firft  aflbciates,  about  1709,  and  we  met  at  the  Fountain 
tavern  ;  one  Mr.  Barber,  as  I  remember,  was  the  landlord's  name; 
the  tavern  as  w^e  went  down  into  the  hiner  Temple,  againft  Chan- 
cery-lane, 8cc.  Brov/ne  Willis. 

Copy   of   Mr.   George  Vertue's  letter  to   Dr.   Ducarel, 

upon  this   fubjed;. 

Dear  Sir,  February  .5,  .754. 

I  thank  you  for  the  favour  of  thofe  three  letters  you  pleafed 
to  oblige  me  with  the  perufal  of,  from  our  curious  and  obliging 
friends,  concerning  the  re-eftablifliment  of  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries. What  I  had' formerly  colleded,  being  loofe  notes,  I  com- 
municated to  our  friend  the  Rev.  Ah'.  North  fome  timie  paft,  and 
lince  you  required  to  fee  them  have  hunted  for  them,  but  vet 
cannot  find  them,  and  perhaps  have  not  had  them  returned. 

At  the  fame  time,  I  lent  him  a  MS.  folio,  being  therein  con- 
tained a  propofal  or  fcheme  for  eredting  or  eftabliiliing  the  Anti- 
quary Society  in  king  James  the  Firft's  time,  vmder  the  protec- 
tion of  George  Villiers  duke  of  Buckingham,  to  whom  that  book 
■was  mfcribed.     See  fome  account  of  it  in  the  Life  of  Sir  Weaker 

Ralcio,h 


lit  APPENDIX    TO     THE     HISTORY     OF 

Raleigh  v^by  Oldys),  where  is  mentioned  the  names  of  many  noble* 
men,  learned  gentlemen,  members  of  the  firii  inftitution.  My 
obfervations  and  notes  collecfted  begin  with  the  Remarks  on  the 
lall  Re-eftablilliment  about  1708  org,  a  fmall  book  of  Reports 
of  the  Officers  of  Records^  diredled  to  the  Lord  Halifax,  Com- 
millioner  of  the  Treafury,  who  w-as  appointed  by  Parliament  about 
that  time,  wherein  is  mentioned  the  Reports  of  the  State  of  the 
Records  of  the  Tower  of  London,  and  feveral  Offices  at  Weftmin- 
fter,  from  Mr.  Maddox,  Mr.  Le  Neve,  Mr.  Holmes,  Mr.  Rymer, 
Mr.  Anftis,  Mr.  Sanderfon  of  the  Rolls,  Mr.  Alexander,  Mr.  Law- 
ton,  Browne  Willis,  Dr.  Stukeley,  and  others,  whofe  names  our 
good  friend  Dr.  Willis  did  give  me  an  account  of,  and  of  their  firft 
meetings  in  Flcet-ftreet  near  the  Temple  Gate,  before  our  regu- 
lating orders  and  fettled  method  at  the  Mitre,  with  Maurice 
Johnfon,  Meff.  Gale,  Hare,  Mr.  Humphrey  Wanley,  and  many 
others.  From  their  often  meeting  to  confer  notes  about  the  re- 
ports, was  the  true  fountain-head  that  fprungup  a  propofal  to  efla- 
bliffi  the  Society  that  now  fubfirts  under  proper  regulations  "■■•.  This 
was  alfo  then  Mr.  Willis's  opinion,  when  he  delivered  to  me,  writ 
by  himfelf,  thofe  names  of  abovit  twenty  perfons  he  could  call  to 
mind  was  at  their  firft  meetings :  as  Mr.  Johnfon  mentions,  Dr. 
Stukeley,  himfelf,  and  others,  went  to  the  Cotton  Library  for 
that  purj)ofe,  to  review  former  fads  of  fuch  Societies.  I  wifh  this 
recolle6tion  may  be  of  any  ufe  towards  the  prefent  enquiry,  is  my 
befl:  wifhes  for  the  profperity  and  honour  of  the  Society  ;    being, 

*  The  foUowinc:  regulations,  printed  on  a  large  half  fheet,  were  prefixed  to 
foire of  their  earlicft  publications: 

"  The  Society  of  Antiqiuries,  London.     January  the  firft,   1717. 

'*  i^greetl  to  ineet  one  evening  in  every  week,  to  cultivate  the  knowledge  of  An- 
TiQuirits  of  Engi  AND,  according  to  fuch  written  orders  as  were  iubfcribed  to  by 
the  members  of  the  Society.  A  I'refident,  three  Vice  Prefidents,  a  Secretary,  Trca- 
furer,  and  Director  of  the  Works  of  the  Society,  &c.  were  then  nominated  and 
clc(5Vcd.  Thel'e  officers  are  yearly  chofen;  and  the  monthly  contributions,  paid  by 
each  pcrfon  admitted,  are  collected  by  the  Treafurer,  and  applied  ior  the  ufe  and 
advancement  of  the  Society.  The  accompts  of  monies  received  and  difburfements 
are  to  be  audited  annually .'f  ' 

■1  O^By 


THE    GENTLEMEN'S    SOCIETY    AT   SPALDING.        Iv 

Sir,  with  true  refpecft,  their  ever  obliged  humble  fervant,   and 
yours  moft  fincerely  to  command,  George  Vertue. 

P.  S.  Mr.  John  Talman  was  the  firft  member  who  propofed  the 
Society's  engraving  plates  of  Antiquities*.  The  firft  thing  en- 
graven, was  the  Lamp  found  near  Windfor,  late  belonging  to  Sir 
Hans  Sloane. 


Memorandum. 

I  delivered  the  four  original  letters  herein  contained  to  the  So^ 
ciety  of  Antiquaries,  at  their  houfe  in  Chancery-lane.  I  had  their 
thanks ;  and  they  were  ordered  to  be  laid  up  among  the  archives 
of  that  Society,  Andrew  Coltee  Ducarel, 

February  28,  1754. 


*  Before  the  prefent  title  of  '^  Vetufta  Monumenta"  was  adopted,  the  two  follow- 
ing title-pages  occur  in  fome  early  fets  of  the  Society's  plates. 
1.  '•  Res  Seleftje  ab  Antiquarioriim  Societate  Londini  editse." 
z.  "  Colleftanea  Antiquitatum  fumptibus  Societatis  Antiquarias  Londinenfis  _im»  * 
'*  prefla.     Ab  Anno  Domini  md.ccxvii." 


:0 


hi  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY     OF 


To  the  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Hartford,   LordPfiRCY, 
Prefident,  and  the  reft  of  the  Society  of  British  Antiquarians. 

A    SCOTS    ODE.    BY     A  L  L  A  N     R  A  M  S  A  Y. 

To  Hartford  and  his  learned  friends, 
Whofe  fanae  for  fcience  far  extends, 
A  Scottilli  mufe  her  dvity  fends. 

From  Pidifli  towers : 
Health,  length  of  days,  and  happy  ends, 

Be  ever  yours. 

Your  generous  cares  make  light  arife 
From  things  obfcure  to  vulgar  eyes, 
Finding  where  hidden  knowledge  lies, 

T'  improve  the  mind ; 
And  moft  delightfully  furprife. 

With  thoughts  refin'd. 

When  you  the  broke  infcription  read, 
Or  amongft  antique  ruins  tread. 
And  view  reiTiains  of  princea  dead. 

In  funeral  piles, 
Your  penetration  feems  decreed 

To  blefs  thefe  ifles. 

Where  Romans  form'd  their  camps  of  old, 
Their  gods  and  urns  of  curious  mold, 
Their  medals  flruck  of  brafs  or  gold, 

'Tis  you  can  fhow, 
And  truth  of  what's  in  flory  told, 

To  you  we  owe. 

How 


THE    GENTLEMEN'S    SOCIETY   AT    SPALDING.     Ivli 

By  this  your  learning  men  are  fuM 
With  love  of  glory,  and  infpirVl 
Like  ancient  heroes,   \vho  ne'er  tinl 

To  win  a  name  ; 
And,  by  their  god-like  adls,  afpii'd 

T'  immortal  fame. 

How  beneficial  is  the  care, 
That  brightens  up  the  the  claffick  Icrc  ! 
When  you  the  documents  compare, 

With  authors  old, 
You  ravifli,  when  we  can  fo  fair 

Your  light  beLok]. 

Without  your  comments,   each  old  book 
By  all  the  world  would  be  forfook  ; 
For  who  of  thought  %\'ould  deign  to  look 

On  doubtful  works, 
'Till  by  your  fkilful  hands  they're  ftruck 

With  fterling  marks. 

Your  ufeful  labours  fliall  endure, 
True  merit  fhall  your  fame  fecure. 
And  will  pofterity  allure. 

To  fearch  about 
For  truth,  by  demonftration  fure, 

Which  leaves  no  doubt. 

The  mufe  forefees  brave  Hartford's  *  name 
Shall  to  all  writers  be  a  theme. 
To  laft  while  arts  and  greatnefs  claim 

Th'  hiftorian's  Ikill, 
Or  the  chief  inilrument  of  fame, 

The  poet's  quill. 

*  He  Was  the  fecond  prefident  of  die  Society,  and  luccecded  Peter  LeNeve  17 /.o-; 
or  rather  was  elefted  1723-4,  from  which  time  LeNeve  became  only  vice-prcTuki^t. 
He  died  1 749  duke  of  Somerfet. 

h  h  Pembroke's 


Iviii  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY    OF 

Pembroke's  ^'■'  a  name  to  Britain  dear, 
For  learning  and  brave  deeds  of  wier ; 
The  genius  ftili  continues  clear 

In  him  whofe  art» 
In  your  rare  fellowfliip  can  bear 

So  great  a  part. 

Bards  yet  unborn  fhall  tune  their  lays, 
And  monuments  harmonious  raife 
To  W'inchelfea  t  and  Devon's  t  praife, 

Whofe  high  defert, 
And  virtues  bright,  like  genial  rays, 

Can  life  impart. 

Nor  want  we  Caledonians  fage. 
Who  read  the  painted  vellum  page, 
No  ftrangers  to  each  antique  ftage, 

And  Druids  cells, 
And  facred  ruins  of  each  age, 

On  plains  and  fells. 

,  Amongft  all  thofe  of  the  firft  rate, 
Our  learned  §  Clerk  bleft  with  the  fate 
Of  thinking  right,  can  befl  relate 

Thefe  beauties  all, 
W^hich  bear  the  marks  of  ancient  date, 

Be-north  the  wall. 

*  Thomas  Herbert,  Vlllth  earl,  who  furnlfhed-  the  houfe  at  Wilton  with  fucL 
an  ample  colle£lion  of  pictures,  ftatiies,  and  coins.  He  died  1732.  Of  his  fon 
Henry,  the  late  earl,  fee  Mr.  Walpole's  Anecdotes  of  PainterSj  IV.  107. 

■f  Daniel  Finch,  Vlth  earl.     Died  1730. 

X  William,  Hid  duke.  Died  1755.  His  fon,  the  late  duke,  was  ele<^ed  F,  A.S. 
1763. 

§  Sir  John  Clerk  of  Pennycuik,  Bart,  to  whom  Ramfay  addreflfed  a  poem  "  on 
"  the  death  of  his  much  accomplifhed  fon  John  Clerk,  Efq.  who  died  in  the  20th 
"  year  of  his  age."     See  his  Poems,  vol.  II.  p.  114. 

2  Tiw- 


THE   GENTLEMEN'S    SOCIETY   AT    SPALDING.        lix 

.  The  wall  which  Hadrian  firft  begun, 
And  bold  Sever  us  carried  on, 
From  rifing  to  the  fetting  fun, 

On  Britain's  coaft, 
Our  anceflors  fierce  arms  to  fliun, 

Which  gall'd  them  moft. 

But  now  no  need  of  walls  or  towers, 
Ag'd  enmity  no  more  endures, 
Brave  Britain  joias  her  warlike  powers, 

That  always  dare. 
To  open  and  to  fliut  the  doors 

Of  peace  and  war. 

Advance,  great  men,  your  wife  defign. 
And  profper  in  the  talk  divine  ; 
Draw  from  antiquity's  deep  mine 

The  precious  ore, 
And  in  the  Britilh  annals  fliine 

'Till  time's  no  more. 


Additions  to  p.   xviii, 

Againft  the  Eafl:  wall  of  the  South  tranfept  of  Kirton  church  is 
a  mural  monument  for 

Dixon  Colby,  M.  D.  who  died  Nov.  21,  1756,  aged  77.     His  wife  Elizabeth 
died  Oft.  2,  1739,  aged  59. 

E.  Bingham,  Peterb.  fee. 

Arms.     Gules  (Jn  a  border  engrailed  Or,  a  chevron  between  3 
bezants. 

On  the  floor  are  flabs  for 

Pickering  Colby,  efq.  who  died  1682,  and  his  wife  169^. 
Dixon  Colby,  only  fon  of  Dr.  Dixon  Colby  of  Stamford,  grandfon  of  Picker- 
ing Colby,  died  Dec.  14,  1733,  aged  2«. 


Maurice  and  Henry  Johnfon  were  Fellows  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of 
London  at  its  incorporation  1751. 

The  reader  will  excufc  the  uncertainty  we  are  under  about  the  feveral  branches 
of  the  Johnfon  family  enumerated  p.  xxvii.  Henry,  in  note  (/^J,  was  probably  aa 
uncle  of  the  founder  of  the  Spalding  Society. 

Page  xxiii.  Edward  Green  was  a  furgeon  in  Newgatc-ftreet ;  a  man  of  multifa- 
rious and  eminent  learning,  bred  at  Winchefter  college,  and  poiTeffed  of  a  well- 
chofen  library. 

Add  to  the  lift  of  members,        -        Peter  Bold, 

^    "William  Clarke. 


i  i  INTRO- 


C    '    ] 

INTRODUCTION 

T  O      T  H  E 

MINUTE    BOOKS   of  the  SPALDING  SOCIETYj 

BEING 

An  Hiftorical  Account  of  the  State  of  Learning  in  Spalding, 
Elloe,  Holland,  Lincolnshire.  Written  by  Maurice 
Johnson,  Junior,  Secretary  to  the  faid  Society.  ^ 


To  the  Rev. '  Mr.  Lyon,   Prefident,  and   the  other  learned  and 
worthy  Members  of  the  Gentlemens  Society  in  Spalding. 


gentlemen, 

IT  would  be  impertinent  in  an  addrefs  to  you,  who  have 
fufHciently  evinced  your  allowing  the  truth  of  the  propofition, 
to  infift  on  the  ufef  ulnefs  of  books  in  general,  whence  you  have 
been  fo  qualified  for  fociety,  a  rational  creature's  principal  feli- 
city, that  whofoever  brings  knowledge  from  them  with  him  may 
in  your  company  improve  it  into  judgement;  which  is  the  greateft 
benefit  of  converfation,  and  what  renders  a  man  beft  able  to 
ferve  his  country  and  himfelf. 

B  Knowledge 


2  INTRODUCTION      TO      THE 

Knowledge  is   of  itfelf  no  burden;  nnd  by  how  much  the 
nobler  any  man's  foul  is,  fo  much  the  more  he  afpires  to  and' 
thiribs  after  the  univerfal,  only  to  b'e  had  from  fuch  learned  la- 
bours as  have  borne  the  teft.      Thefe  are  fo  numerous,  that  the 
profeffions  and  circumftance  of  private  gentlemen  allow  them  not' 
the  leifure  or  means  to  be  mafters  of  them.      But  the  united  en- 
deavours of  no  great  number  have  in  many  inftances  of  this  forts 
efFe<5ied  what  every  lover  of  literature  wilheth;   and    lafTuredly 
affirm  that  this  fociety  has,  for  its  time  and  ftrength,  given  as  ge-- 
neral  and  ufeful  inftances  as  can  be  brought  from  abroad. 

Ingenuous  fcience  and  letters  have  for  many  ages  indeed  been 
cultivated   in  this  village  ;   and  whatever  the  ftate   of  learning' 
might  have  been  under  our  firft  Britifh  anceftors,  and  whilft  fome 
part  of  the  ifland  was  a  Roman  province,  it  flouriflicd  fufficiently, 
I  doubt  not,  in  the  Saxon  times,  under  the  powerful  influence  of  the 
Mercian  princes,  and  its  particular  lords  and  patrons  their  kinfmen,  . 
the  laft  of  whom,  Thorold  of  Bokenhale  (who  was  then  deputy 
governor,  and  refided  here  for  that  purpofe)    founded  a  cell  of" 
Benedictines,  confifting  at  firft  of  a  prior  and  five  monks  only,  fe- 
le6led'from  Croyland,-  then  the  moft  learned  convent  in  Britain, ^ 
to  the  great  .relief  of  that  monaftery,  then  very  full  of  monks,  ami 
a  great  famine  raging  in  England,  the  patronage  whereof,  together 
with  the  dominion  of  all  Holland,   going  by  his  marrying  the 
heirefs  of  the  houfe  of  Mercia  (which  had  ftifly  withftood  the 
Conqueror,  and  the  other  fifter  being  at.  that  time  king  Harold's 
widow,  and  beyond  leas-),  to  the  great  Norman  lord  Ivo  de  Taille-- 
gebofc,  earl  of  Anjou  (1072),  king  William  the  Conqueror's  fitter's  - 
fon,  and  that  prince  holding  his  court  in  exceeding  great  pomp 
and  fplendor  in  his  caftle  here,  and  adding  much  to  the  revenues  • 
of  the  religious,    may  by  that,  and  his'  affedfionately  fubjediing  ^ 
them  to  his  abbey  of  Angiers,  his  capital  city,  and  his  introducing  ' 
from  thence  to  this  feme  of  that  houfe  eminent  for  learning  and: 

a-ftria 


MINUTE   BOOKS  OF  THE  SP  ALDIN  G  SOCIET  Y,    3 

u  i\^n6t  life  (all  the  monks  of  Croyland  having  quitted  the  cell  iti 
1074),  be  reafonably  prefumed  to  have  much  promoted  litera- 
ture here  thereby;  feeing  that  this  cell  in  thofe  its  early  days 
furnillied  no  fewer  than  four  clerks  in  priefts  orders  to  officiate 
in  the  churches  belonging  at  that  time  to  it,  exclufive  of  conven- 
tual duty  performed  by  thofe  refiding  in  the  cell ;  and  that  this 
tov/n  was  thenceforward  ufually  the  feat  of  his  refidence,  as  -well 
as  place  of  his  burial,  \vho  died  without  leaving  iflue  to  fucceed:  in 
his  eftate  by  inheritance.  The  lordfliip  and  patronage,  being  the 
hereditary  eftate  of  this  lady,  came  with  her  to  the  firft  earls  of 
this  county,  in  whofe  time  flouriflied  Guarin^  the  fub-prior,  and 
native  of  this  place;  a  man  as  eminent  for  religion  and  learning 
as  any  regular  of  his  days,  and  who  for  his  merit  w'as  afterwards 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.  made  prior  of  this  cell  on  the  death  of 
prior  Reginald,  that  great  favourite  of  pope  Alexander  III.  To 
this  place,  by  the  writers  of  that  time,  thefe  great  men  are 
enumerated,  and  the  more  particularly  for  its  prior's  fake,  as  faft 
and  able  friends  ;  and  it  is  exprefly  faid  by  the  hiftorians,  that 
many  of  them  frequently  reforted  to  the  priory  here,  viz.  Wil- 
liam de  Roraare,  earl  of  Lincoln,  its  lord  and  patron  ;  Sir  Roger 
de  Stikefw^alde,  knt.  his  deputy  in  this  county;  John  earl  of 
Moreton,  the  king's  brother,  afterwards  himfelf  king  of  England; 
Walter  lord  archbifhop  of  Rohan  ;  Hugh  de  Nonaimt,  lord  bifhop 
of  Chefter,  the  then  abbot  of  St.  Nicholas  at  Anglers ;  Thomas 
lord  Moulton,  baron  of  Egremond,  lord  of  Moulton ;  Gerard  de 
Canwile,  lord  of  Sutton  in  Holland;  Sir  Fulk  de  Oiri,  knt.  lord  of 
Holbeach;  Sir  Richard  de  Flet,  knt.  lord  of  Flet ;  Walter  de 
Flet,  his  brother;  Alexander  de  Quappilod,  and  Hugh  his  bro- 
ther ;  William  de  Putey,  and  Sir  Algar  de  Colvile,  kiit.  who  were 
moft  of  thtm  gentlemen  of  the  beft  eftates  and  quality  in  thefe 
parts,  and  then  refiding  on  them;  and  this  was  in  the  reign  of 
king  Richard  I.  in  whofe  reign  fome  time  after  this  cell  was  go- 

B  2  verncd 


4  INTRODUCTION      TO      THE 

verned  by  one  Jqfleme  or  Jollane^  a  prior  of  great  learning,  flvill, 
and  vigilance,  under  whole  adminillration  there  fiourilhed  in 
this  houfe  a  brother  monk  or  commoigne  (as  they  then  called 
them)  named  Hugh  Grull,  who  has  the  character  given  him  of  a 
very  learned  man  in  the  law,  for  which  fcience  thofe  of  Croyland 
had  long  been  famous;  the  Conqueror's  chancellor  Ingulphus 
having  when  abbot  not  only  been  very  vigilant  in  preferving. 
all  their  charters  and  titles  to  their  i^oireffions,  privileges,  and 
immunities,  and  their  noble  library,  but  particularly,  as  himfelf 
writes,  with  the  Englifli  crown  and  canon  law ;  and  their 
fte wards,  advocates,  and  proclors  were  eminent  ;  and  being  the 
neareft  convent  to,  and  having  had  a  tedious  fuit  through 
all  our  courts  and  in  that  of  Rome  from  1074  to  this  time 
(i  194)  fupported  by  fuch  purfes  as  their  convents  and  our  lords 
patrons,  brought  up  many  of  our  and  their  members  in  the 
law,   and  made  it  the  favourite  as  beft  rewarded  ftudy. 

The  laft  prior  in  this  king's  reign  was  a  Spaniard,  a  man  of 
ability,  and  who  regulated  his  houfe  well,  and  appointed  to  fe- 
veral  officers  employments  thereinyfuitable  to  its  Tevenues,  con- 
fiderably  augmented  by  fuch  benefacflors,  and  under  him  one 
William  was  librarian.  It  is  certain  there  had  been  long  a  li- 
brary, and  one  or  other  of  the  monks  probably  kept  it  ;  but  the 
oeconomy  of  the  houfe  being  at  this  time  fo  exadly'regittred,  this 
office  is  araongit  others  particularly  mentioned,  and  perhaps  the 
office  might,  as  many  others,  then  firrt  have  fome  ftipend  or 
falary  allotted  to  it,  as  it  well  deferved.  In  this  and  the  next 
king's  reign,  Godfrey  the  cellarer  flouriflied  in  this  houfe,  a  gra- 
duate, and  eminent  for  his  knowledge  in  the  laws  ;  and  was  ad- 
vifed,  and  by  the  intereft  of  the  laft  prior  and  the  lord  patron  ob- 
tained, the  difafforeftation  of  this  part  of  the  county,  then  called 
the  Forejl  of  Arundel^  in  the  beginning  of  this  king's  reign.  In 
that  of  king  Henry  HI.  and  under  Ralp/j  the  laft  dative  prior  (or 

of 


Wr-NUTE   BOOKS   OF   TIIK   SPALDING    SOSIETY.     5 

af  thoIc  arbitrarily  impofccTon  this  houfe  by  the  abbots  of  An- 
glers, to  which  It  lb  long-  continued  I'ubjeft)  iiourilhecl  John  de 
Spalding^  LL.  D.  and  mafter  in  decretals,  almoner  of  this  hoiile, 
and  a  celebrated  canonilf,  and  Sir  Henry  le  Moyne,  a  learned 
common  lawyer,  and  ileward  of  the  courts  of  this  manor,  by 
whole  abilities,  and  the  noble  and  generous  fpirit  of  Symon 
Haughton,  prior  Ralph's  fucceifor,  1229,  who  is  faid  to  have  been 
munificent  above  all  the  prelates  of  the  realm,  this  priory  threw  off 
its  Norman  yoke.  He  was  the  fun  of  Sir  Symon  Haughton, 
knt.  and  had  a  very  liberal  education,  was  well  allied  and  ac- 
quainted with  great  men,  and  did  much  for  his  houfe,  regain- 
ing for  it  all  that  the  temporary  dative  priors  (as  all  his  prede- 
ceilbrs  had  been,  which  were,  put  in  or  out  as  their  fuperior 
pleafed)  had  aliened  from  the  fame,  and  overcame  the  then  ab- 
bot of  Anglers  in  the  court  of  R6me,  the  caufe  being  there  for 
the  fpaceof  feven  years  divers  times  litigated  before  the  popes 
Gregory  and  Clement,,  by  which  con  quell:  he  brake  the  exorbitant 
power  of  the  Angevines,  till  then  the  chief  rulers  of  this  cell. 
He  alfo  caft  the  lord  Henry  Longford,-  abbot  of  Groyland,  and 
Richard  Bardney  his  fucceffor,  and  lord  William  de  Albiny,  a 
rich  baron  in  the  king's  courts,  on  behalf  of  his  tenants  and  vaf- 
fals,  for  their  rights  of  and  to  thofe  fpacious  commons  which  we 
enjoy  to  this  day ;  and  in  the  clofe  of  this  reign,  the  munificent ■ 
Symon  lord  prior,  and  the  convent,  having  by  him  been  left 
Jut  juris  (as  I  beg  leave  to  term  it),  the  commoignes  aflembled  in  ■ 
chapter,  and  ele6fed  for  his  fuccelTor  the  faid  John  the  almoner, 
furnamed  of  Spalding  \\\e  place  of  his  birth,  a  prelate  equal  to  his 
predeceflbr,  equal  to  his  charge,  which  was  arduous  :  the  ex- 
emption from  the  Angevin  abbot  being  fcarce  fettled,  and  depend- 
ing much  on  the  pope,  and  he  being  greedy  and  encroaching, 
the  lord  prior  prudently  oppofed  his  encroachments  in  the  houfe, 
at  the  fame  time  fo  condu<Sf ing  his  affairs,  through  his  great  learn- 


-6  IN  T  R  O  D  U  C  r  I  O  N      TO      T  H  E 

ing  in  the  laws,  and  the  afliftance  of  William  leMoyne,  a  layman 

and  learned  common  lawyer,   who  was  fteward  of  his  courts,   and 

fon  of  his  old  friend  Sir  William,  who  had  enjoyed  that  place  to 

a  great  age,  that,  maugre  the  oppofition,  made  againft  him  by  the 

bilhop    of  Lincoln,   and  abbots  of  Anglers   and  Croyland,  he 

obliged  Sinibald   of  Turin,   an  Italian   prelate,  and   nephew  to 

,  pope  Innocent  IV.  .and  whom  he  had  by  a  provifo  collated  to  the 

perpetual  vicarage  of  Pinchbeck,  to  refign  that  preferment,   and 

in  chapter  conferred  it    on  a  coufni  of  the  cellarer,   who  was  a 

.graduate  m. divinity.      He  alfo  caft  his  cuftomary  tenants  at  aii 

.  aflize  held  at  Lincoln,   and  by  that  obliged  them   to  perform 

their  due  fervices,  which  was  of  no  little  moment  to  the  priory, 

, and.  compelled   Thomas  lord  Moulton,   baron  of  Egremond,  to 

.  compound  with  the  houfe  for  the  venilbn  in  his  park  at  Moulton. 

This  John  firlt  was   by  the  king's  writ,  49    Henry  III.    1266, 

.fummoned  to  council  as  a  lord  of  parliament,  and  fo  confider- 

able  a  lawyer  was  he,  as  to  be  appointed  one  of  the  king's  juftices 

itinerant  for  the  county  of  EiTex,   55  of  that  king;   and  from  a 

!  leiger  book  of  this  priory  it  appears  that  he  was  the  moft  con- 

liderable  judge  in  that  com  million  ;   for  there  is  an  entry  made 

.  of  the   time  when   one  of  his   fucc^flbrs,  Clement,   lord  prior, 

.  returned  the  records  of  that  Iter  into  the  king's  Exchequer   after 

,his  death,   which  happened  in  pilgrimage  at  St.  Denys  in  France* 

In  the  beginning,  of:  the  fucceeding  rcign^  William  Lytulport^ 

.the  cofferer,  -was  elefted  to  the  fuperintendancy  of  this  priory 

I  275  ;   the  abbot  of  Anglers,  being  here  at  the  fame  time,  did 

him  the  ho^iour  tOv  celebrate  mafs  at  his  inftallation,   which  was 

.performed  by  an  archdeacon,   and  at  which  he  entertained  all  the 

.  nobility,  gentry,  and  dignified  clergy  in  thefe  parts.      He  is  de- 

fcribcd  in  the  MS.  records  of  the  houfe  to  be  vir  do^^liJJijmiS:^^ 

^■formojiffrnius.       He  laid    the    foundation   1284    of  our    prcfent 

.parifli    church  dedicated  to  the  Virgin  Mary  and  St.  Nicholas, 

repaired 


ilTNUTE    BOOKS    or   THE    SPALDING    SOOIEi  Y.     7 

rspaired  and  beautified  all  the  conventual  building?,   moreefpe- 
dally,  fay  the  l)ooks,  the  buildings  \vithin  the  court  of  the  convent,  , 
^vhich  had  been  vaftly  damaged  by  a  prodigious  overflow  of  the  . 
fea  in   1287-8,   in  particular  the  conventual  church,  which  he 
rebuilt,  with  the  dormitory,    refe<5tory  or  great  hall,  and  library 
of  the  priory.     The  better  to  enable  himfelf  tO'  eredl  thofe  ilately 
piles,  he  diligently  enquired  into  the  poflTeflions,  profits,  and  re- 
venues received  by  or  due- to   his  houfe,   and  in  its  patrons,  the 
earls  of  Lincoln.     In  the  court  of  Pleas  he  recovered  to  it)  by 
actions  there  brought  againfl  the  polTeflbrs,  above  100. acres  of' 
good  idnd  (by  which  I  fuppofe  is  meant  of  the  highefl  and  leaft 
liable  to  drowning),  the  remainder  of  what  had  been  alienated  by 
the  dative  priors,    and  not  recovered  by  Symon  the  Munificent; 
and  afligned  the  tithes  of  flax  and  wool  in   Pinchbeck,  and  of 
•v\;ool  in  Wefton,  for  the  carrying  on    thofe.  which>. he  lived  not . 
to  fee  finiflied,  but  by  which  means  Clement  Hatfield^  fub-prior,  ~ 
a  very  polite  and  well-bred  gentleman,  and  the  molt  famous  oeco- 
nomift  of  all  the  regulars  of  his  time  in  thefe  parts,  and-  his  • 
fv^ccefTor  (1  29  a),  was  enabled  not  only  to  complete  them,  but 
alfo  to  build  Wykham,  the  moft  pleafant  villa  or  country  feat  of- 
our  lords  priors,  and  the  fumptuous  chapel  there  *  ;   to  lead  to 

which 

*  The  grange  or  reputed  manor  of  Wykeham,  btingilie  villa  or  country  retire 
ment  of  the  priors  of  Spalding,  this  fumptuous  chapel  was  built  there  to  it  about 
1292-3,  having  a  chamber  for  his  two  domeftic  chaplains  adjoining  thereto,  as  the 
leiger  of  Folciby,  f.  433,  Robert  of  Bofton,  edit.    Sparke,    f.    128  ;  which  au- 
thor adds,  his  lordfiiip   planted  it  about,  and  made  it  a  moft  pleafant  feat.     At  the 
diflblution  it  was  bellowed  by  Henry  VIII.    on  an  anceftor  of  lord  Harrington 
Thefe    arms,    Azure,    a   fret    Sable,    commonly  called    Harrington''^  hwt;    are 
carved  out  of  a  large  flagftone  at  the  hcufe  on  the  bank  by  the  gate  leading  into 
tl^e  lands  of  this  grange.     The  motto,  NODO  FIRMO.     They  are  alfo  on  a  • 
large  flat  black  marble  in  Wykham  chapel,  on  ihe  upper  part  of  which  i^,  Ermine 
a  crofs  engrailed  Gules,  over  two  brafs  plates  now  gone.  ■  This  is  faid  to  liave  beeD 
x.\\Q  xnoTWiwcntoi  Tyringham  Nonvoodi  of  that  place,  efq.  a  relation  to,  and  thereof 
farmer  under.  Sir  John  Harrington,  K.  B.  baron  of  Excon,  lord  of  the  grange  or 
reputed  manor   of   Wykeham.     He.  repaired    thin  grand  and   noble  ftru^turc    the 

rhape'>  , 


8  INT  RODUCTrON       TO       THE 

which  he  planted  wide  aveaues  of  foreft  trees,  and  a  garden  in 
manner  of  a  wildernefs  near  it,  and  many  plcafant  groves  about 
it.  He  alfo  took  down  the  prior's  ajDartment  or  lodgings  in  the 
priory,,  and  rebuilt  them  adjoining  to  the  new  grand  dormitory  ; 
and  prudently  reflecting  on  the  late  prodigious  floods  or  overflow- 
ings of  the  fea,  obtained  many  commiffions  of  fewers  (then 
granted  but  occafionally,  and  only  by  good  intereft),  whereby  the 
neighbouring  noblemen  and  gentlemen  of  great  eflates,  being 
the  only  commiflioners,  fettled  the  rights  of  the  priory  as  to  the 
repairs  of  banks  and  drains,  for  the  eafe  of  his  houfe  in  particu- 
lar and  the  fecurity  of  all  Holland  in  general,  which  had  been 
not  long  before  overflowed  by  the  fea.  In  his  time  (13 15)  the 
building  now  ufed  for  our  free  grammar-fchool  was  erected,  and 
dedicated  as  a  chapel  to  the  Blefled  Virgin  Mary,  at  the  fole  charge 
and  expence  of  Richard  le  Skinner  of  Spalding,  merchant  of  the 
flaple. 

He  was  fucceeded  by  Walter  de  Hdlton^  who  was  eleiled  by  his 
commoignes,  moft  of  them  men  of  eminent  learning,  whofe 
feveral  names  vrere  for  that  reafon  tranfmitted  in  the  MS.  re- 
giftries  of  the  houfe  ;    viz. 

Kaiph  de  Fdlcibye,  recSlor  of  Har-  Robert  Bures  or  Burghe, 

dlethorpe,    an  illuminator  and  Thomas  Matefliel, 

librarian  of  Spalding,   a  monk  William  de  Stoke, 

of  great  ftudy  and  diligence.  Walter  de  Waynfleet, 

Robert  de  Swafham  or  Swapham,  James  de  Hawe, 

.Nicholas  de  Staunton,  Robert  de  Wefton, 

William  de  Caftre,  Henry  de  Langtoft. 

ichapel,  rebuilt  tlic  roof,  and  railed  the  parapet  walls,  about  which  are  alfo  his 
anns,  ns  «dfo  on  an  atchievment  there  remaining^  It  is  of  the  patronage  and  dona- 
tion of  Matirice  jchnfon,  cfq-.  who  for  his  encouragement  has  hitherto  beffowed  it 
on  the  mafler  of  Spalding  free  grammar  fchool.  Johnibn's  Law  and  Hillory  of 
Spalding,  MS.  p.  ^3. 

7  This 


~^IINUTE    BOOKS   OF  THE   SPALDING    SOCIETY.    ^ 

This  Williaai  de  Halton,  who  1 1  Edward  II.  mcceeded  as  prior 
.here,    was  ^  monk  of  an  afpiring  and  undaunted  Ipirit,   To  great  a 
-favourite  of  his  princes  thofe  brave  kings  Echvard  II.  and  III.  that 
.they  called  him  to  parliament,  and  gave  him  a  licence  for  forti- 
fying his  priory  and  all  the  buildings  belonging  to  it  like  a  caltle; 
and  having  very  warm  difputcs  with  Henry,  then  lord  abbot  of 
Croyland,  and  Thomas  lord  Wake,  lord  of  Deping,  one  of  the 
greateft  barons  in  thefe  parts  of  the  realm,  he  accordingly  for- 
tified and  garrifoned  his  priory,  armed  all  his  tenants,  fervants, 
and  vaflals ;   and  after  he  had  joined  to  him  and  the  intereft  of 
his  houfe  all  the  other  uoblemen  and  gentlemen  in  thefe  parts, 
and  under  his  own  leading,  by  force  of  arms  obliged  his  faid  po- 
tent adverfary  to  comply  with  him;   the  confequence  of  which 
bold   action  was,    that  this  houfe  fiourillied  the  more  ever  after, 
tlie  abbots  of  Croyland  becoming  their  good  friends  and  allies, 
and  the  lords  priors,  under  the  patronage  of  the  rifing  houfe  of 
Lancafter,  in  the  families  of  Plantagenet  and  Gaunt,  their  illuftri- 
ous  advocates,  leading  men  in  the  nation,  governed  not  only  this 
large  lordfhip  but  all  Holland,   maugre  feveral  attempts  made  in 
their  prejudice   and  to  fliorten  their  power  by  Thomas  de  Hol- 
land, earl  of  Kent,  and  lord  of  Deeping,  and  the  men  of  Kefteven, 
their  neighbours,  who  envied  their  fpacious  commons,  and  dreaded 
their  authority,  and  obtained  feveral  confiderable  benefits  for  us, 
as  an  immunity  from  tolls,  and  a  right  of  taking  them,  the  profits 
whereof  were   anciently  applied  to   pave  the  market-place  and 
ftreets  of  this  town ;   a  confirmation  of  all  the  pofTeflions,  rights, 
liberties  and  immunities  of  this  houfe,  as  they  were  then  enjoyed, 
and  the  fame  reconfirmed  by   moft  of  the    fucceeding   kings, 
founded  on  a  moft  ample  and  beneficial  grant  of  king  Edward  II. 
who,  Od;ober  24,  in  the  eighth  year  of  his  reign,  131 5   16,  did 
prior  Clement  the  honour  of  a  vifit  here  in  his  royal  perfon,  with 
all  his  court,  and  was  fplendidly  treated  by  the  faid  prior  and  con- 

C  vent ; 


'iX3  iNTRODUCTIOrF^TO       THE 

vent;  the  faicl  prelate  being  efteemed  one  of  the  fineft  gentlemen 
in  his  kingdom.      Thus  this  houfe  fiourilliedj   but  never  more 
than  under  the  influence  of  its  great  and  proper  patron  John  of 
Gaunt,  duke  of  Lancafter,  who,  having  married  the  widov\^  of  Sir 
Hugh   Swyneford,    a  Lincolnfliire    gentleman,    redded   chiefly, 
when  not  in  the  wars,  at  his  caftle  of  Bolingbrook  (wheie  king 
Henry  IV.  his  eldefl:  Ton  was  born),  in  this  neighbourhood,  and 
in  the  priorate  of  John  III,  furnamed  of  Spalding,  coming  of  a 
good  family  of  that  name  here,  made  frequent  vifits  to  this  con- 
vent,  with  his  brother  Geffrey  Chaucer,    who  married  his  lady's 
lifter.      No  queftion  but  learning  then  flouriflied  in  this  place, 
when  honoured  by  fuch  company,  the  fathers  of  our  kings,  our 
language,  and  our  verfe ;   and  moft  probably  this  place  was  the 
fcene  of  action  of  that  fevereft  fatire  of  Chaucer,  mentioned  by 
Mr.  Dart  in  his  life  of  that  poet  before  Mr.  Urry's  edition  from 
'Ar.  Speght,  which  yet  hath  not  been  publiflied,  beginning  thus  : 

In  Lincolnfliire  faft  by  a  fenne 

Standeth  a  religious  houfe  who  doth  it  kenne  *. 

■  ^Ey  this  illuftrious  family  the  advowfon  or  patronage  of  this 
houfe  came  to  the  crown  in  the  faid  king  Henry  IV.  as  part  of 
his  duchy  of  Lancafter,  and  through  the  reigns  of  the  feveral 
princes  his  fucceffors  to  its  faral  diflTolution  by  king  Henry  VIII. 
(in  which  learning  fuffered  more  than  the  inconfiderate  can  ima- 
gine or  the  prejudiced  will  acknowledge),  this  priory  v/as  pre- 
iided  over  by  feveral  very  learned  and  vigilant  lords  priors,  each. 

*  Mr.  William  Thynne,  in  his  firft  printed  book  of  Chaucer's  works  with  one 
column  on  a  Ude,  had  a  taJe  called  the  Pilgrim's  "Fale,  which  was  more  odious  to  the 
clergy  than  the  ipecch  of  the  Plowman.  The  tale  began  thus  :  In  Liiicc!nJhire,hQ. 
the  argument  of  which  tale,  as  alio  the  occafion  thereof,  and  the  caui'e  why  it  was 
left  out  of  Chaucer's  works,  Ihall  hereafter  be  fliewed,  if  God  permit,  in  Mr.  Francis 
Thynne's  Comment  upon  Chaucer,  and  the  tale  icfelf  publiihed  if  poHibly  it  can  be 
found.     Speghi'i  Life  of  Chaucer.  :i» 

7  of 


MINUTE   BOOKS  OF  THE   SPALDING  SOCIETY.       u. 

of  which  recorded  himfelf  worthy    memory  by  laudable  a6lioas 
recorded  of  him  in  the  leigers  of  the  houfe. 

Of  thefe  were  T'bomas  "NaJJlngton^  who  ere6led  and  endowed  the 
oflice  of  penitentiary  ;  and  Jofm  EJlJkld^  much  beloved  of  all 
Holland  ;  and  John  IV.  furnamed  de  Moullotiy  an  acquaintance  of 
and  favoured  by  his  eminency  th^  lord  cardinal  Phihp  de  Re- 
pingdon,  lord  bilhop  of  this  diocefe  and  chancellor  of  the  univer- 
llty  of  Oxford  ;  and  Robert  Holland^  another  lord  prior  of  eminent 
learning,  an  acquaintance  of  and  favoured  by  that  right  rev.  fa- 
ther Richard  Fleming,  the  cardinal's  fucceffor  in  the  fee  of  Lin- 
coln, in  the  fecond  year  of  whole  priorate  the  cuftoms,  rents, 
fuits,  and  lervices  of  all  the  tenants  of  the  manor  of  Spalding,  and 
all  his  other  manors  belonging  to  the  convent,  were  fettled  on  the 
foot  they  now  ftand  by  the  before  mentioned  lord  prior  and  con- 
vent, and  Sir  John  de   Wykes  the  fteward  of  their  courts. 

In  the  priorate  oi  William  II.  furnamed  de  Pinchbeck,  feveral  ex- 
cellent conftitutions  and  bye-laws  were  made  in  his  court  here,  for 
the  governmentof  the  fenns,  great  waters,  and  commons,  through 
the  four  towns  of  this  manor,  for  the  enrichment  of  the  com- 
moners and  tenants  of  the  priory,  he  having  procured  the  award 
and  umpirage  of  the  right  rev.  father  William  Alnwick,  lord 
bilhop  of  this  diocefe,  on  behalf  of  them,  their  right  having  been 
again  difputed  by  the  Deepingers. 

To  William  II.  iwzcttCitd  I'bomas  II.  furnamed  of  Spalding, 
who  in  his  fecond  year  obliged  all  his  tenants  to  fign  a  re- 
cognition or  acknowledgement,  purfuant  to  the  fettlement  of  , 
their  cuftoms,  rents,  and  fervices,  by  his  predeceffor  Robert  de 
Holland  in  1424.  In  his  priorate  flourillied  that  witty  and 
learned  monk  friar  Laurence  Myntling,  librarian  and  equefler,  as 
he  flyles  himfelf,  i.  e.  eques,  a  knight ;  for  fo  I  find  hi  in  elfewhere 
recorded  to  be,  and  that  he  took  on  him  the  cowl  here.  He  was 
a  very  curious  penman,  and  illuminator  and  limner,  a  good  ma- 

G  2       * '  thematician, 


tz  I  N  T  R  O  D  U  C  T  I  0  N      T  O     T  H  E 

thematician,  lawyer,  painter,   and  poet,  according  to  the  tafte  of' 
he  times  he  lived  in. 

'Thomas  III.  furnamed  de  Moulton^    fucceeded.      He   was   ac- 
quainted  with   and  befriended  by  the   lord  biihop  of  Lincoln,^ 
John    Ruffell,    his    diocefan    and    lord    chancellor   of  England 
and  Oxford,    who   at    his   inftance   confecrated   his    chapel    of- 
Cowbit  and  a  chapel  thereto  adjoining,  for  the  eafe  of  his  tenants- 
of  that  village  and  the  hamlet  of  Pykehale.      Between  the  time 
of  tills  prior  Thomas  III.  and  "f^o.  fatal  and  final  diflblution  of  this 
priory   there  were  not   many   years,   but  in   that  fpace  feveral 
priors,  of  whom  the  laft  fave  one  'Thomas  IV.  White,  or  Kfiyght, 
did,  with  twenty  others,  fubfcribe  the  fupremacy  ;   and  Richard- 
Pallmer  ElJfyn,  alias  Nelfon,  furrendered  his  convent,  and  had  a 
penfion,  •  as  had  the  commoignes,    co-furrenderers  to  the  crown 
with  him  :   fuch  ways  and  means  were  then   found  out  of  dif~ 
placing,  putting  in  and  out,  replacing  and  changing  the  heads  of 
our  religious  houfes,  in  order  to  bring  about  what  we  have  fince 
Hyled  the  Reformation.      It  is  certain,  as  the  polTeflions  which- 
had  been,   in  the  fafhionable  phrafe  then  ufed,  appropriated  to 
fuperflitious  ufes,  were  then  feized  on  one  way  or  other  by  the 
king,  and  granted  out  foon  after  to  his  courtiers,    cruel  fpoil  was 
made  of  the  many  noble  buildings  and   furniture  belonging  to- 
them,  of  which  their  noble  and  well-furniflied  libraries,  they^^- 
pellex  clericaliSy  may  juftly  be  accounted  the  chief;   and   when 
that  learned  antiquary  John  Leland,  by  virtue  of  a  commiffion 
from  king  Henry  VIII.  vifited,  amongft  many  other  conventual 
libraries,  that  of  this  place  he  particularly  remarks   thefe  MSS. 
then  in  it  as  curious  in  fome  refpeft  or  other  *. 

Adalbert)  diaconi  liber  ad  Her?na}mum  prejhyterum  MS. 
and 

TLxorcifimis five  baptljlerhim  Alex»  Necham  MS. 

*  Colka.  III.  29. 

But 


MINUTK    BOOKS   OF   THE   SPALDING    SOCIETY.     13 

But  this  vilitation  of  Leland's  being  long  after  tiie  ufe  of  types, 
it- 18  not  to  be  doubted  but  that  library  was  furniflied  with  great 
numbers,    not  only  of  other  very   valuable  MSS.   and   many  of 
common  ufe,  but  of  printed  books.     Of  the  former,    it  being  not 
mere  matter  of  curiofity  but  for  information  alfo,  give  me  leave 
to  fubjoin  a  catalogvie   of  what  have  any  way  occurred  to  my 
fearch,  efpecially  the  rather  as  they  arc  the  authors  from  which 
this  fliort  effay  hath  been  extraded  in  great  part,  as  from  Ingul~ 
phus,  Petrus  Blefenfis,  and  the  Croyland  chronologifts,  his  con- 
tinuers;   copies  whereof  we  doubt  not  once  made  part  of  our  li- 
brary here ;   as  alfo  the  Chronicon  Petriburgenfe,  which  contains 
the  feries  of  the  fucceffive  abbots  of  that  houfe  and  fome  of  the 
priors  of  Spalding,  by  John  abbot  of  Peterborough,  a  MS.  in  the 
Cotton  library,   Catalogus  AiSS.  Bib.  Cott.  fol.  37.  Claud..  A.,  v.  i. 
Chronicon  Petriburgenfe  ab  a°  654,  which  by  the  favour  of  Mr. 
Cafley,   deputy  keeper  of  that  noble  treafury  of  learning  under 
the  great  Beiitley,  I  there  faw,  and  extrad:ed  what  related  to  Spald-- 
ing  from  a  copy  thereof  in  the  library  of  that  learned  and  com^. 
municative    antiquary,    John    Bridges,    of   Lincoln's  Inn,    efq. 
This   chronicle  hath   fince  heen  publifhed    by  the  rev.  Jofeph 
Sparke,    regifter  of   the  cathedral   church  of  Peterborough,    a- 
member  of  this  fociety. 

I .  Chartularium  vetuftiflimum  ccenobii  Spaldingenfis,  MS.  for- 
merly Sir  Richard  Ogle's,  fo  cited  by  Dodfworth  and  Dugdale  in  ■ 
Monafticon,  and  from  them  by  chancellor  Tanner  in  his  Notitia  . 
Monaftica  *,  afterward  bifhop  Stillingfleet's,  now  the  right 
hon.  the  earl  of  Oxford's,  in  Bibliotheca  Harleiana,  60  C.  viii  -f-.  a 
fumptuous  and  curious  MS.  on  vellum,  written  in  a  large  and 
ftrong  hand,  folio grandi.    1  have  feen  this  grand  chartulary  in  the 

*P.  25a,  folio. 

•f"  Now  N°  7^2.  Codex  membranaceus  in  fol.  in  quo  cont'mentur  partes  quarta 
&  quinta  regefli  ch.irtarum  five  libri  irrotulatorii  priorsfius  de  Spalding  in  con/ 
Lincoln,  in  cvijus  fronte  habeutnr  capiiula  five  rubricae  contentorana. 

noble- 


14  -i  N'T  R  O  D  UC  T  I  O  N      T,0      THE, 

noble  repofitory  of  valuable  MSS.  the  Haileian  library,  by  the 
.favour  of  its  learned  and  indviftrious  keeper  Mr.  Humphry  Wan- 
-ley.  I  take  it  to  have  been  the  principal  book  relating  to  the 
■.poffeffions  and  revenues  of  this  houfe,  begun  in  king  Stephen's 
time,  and  thence  continued.  This  feems  to  have  been  feveral 
•times  tranfcribed,  particularly  by  Ralph  Folciby.  Vide  infra, 
N°  3.  I  have  in  many  places  obferved  notes,  &c.  in  the  hand- 
writing of  Sir  Richard  Ogle,  which  I  am  well  acquainted  with, 
having  the  honour  to  be  defcended  from  him,  and  to  have  the 
reliques  of  his  valuable  library,  and  amongft  them  feveral  cu- 
rious MSS.  both  of  his  own  writing  and  others. 

2.  Regiftrum,  &:c.  Spalding,  ibidem  39,  B.  18(335'').  Thefe 
two  MSS.  in  my  lord  the  earl  of  Oxford's  Bibliotheca  Harleiana,  on 
vellum,  written,  as  I  think  Mr.  Wanley  told  me,  in  king  Edward 
H's  time-'-. 

3.  Chartularium  vetus  Spalding,  formerly  Sir  Anthony  Old- 
field's,  and  fo  cited  by  Dodfworth  and  Dugdale  in  the  MonafticoD« 
This  is  only  an  apographon  or  copy  tranfcribed  about  1330, 
4  Edv/ard  III.  by  Radulphus  de  Folciby,  reci^tor  of  Hardelefthorpe, 
and  librarian  of  Spalding,  on  vellum.  I  have  alfo  tranfcripts  of 
the  fame  on  paper  t. 

4, Chartularium  8c  Regiftrum  vetus  ab.  de  Croylond,  on  vellum 
much  decayed.     Tit.   *' Liber  Croylandiae."     I  believe  it  belong- 
.ed  to  that  houfe,   but  has  many  things  relating  to  Spalding  in- 
terfperfed  |. 

5.  Inter 

*  This  is  not  in  the  printed  catalogue. 

-\-  The  MS.  apographon  of  Ralph  Folciby,  which  belonged  to  Sir  Anthony  Old- 
. field,  is  now  in  the  pofleJTion  of  his  grand-daughters  Mrs.  Alice  Horfeman,  of  Stret- 
ton,  in  Ruthindlhire,  widow  of  Edward  Horfeman,  of  Lincolns  Inn,  cfq.  and 
Elizabeth  Wingfield,  of  Stamford  priory,  widow  of  John  Wingfield,  of  Tickencot, 
efq. 

4:  As  alfo  the  MS.  Chartularium  and  R-cgiftrum  vetus  ab.  de  Croyland,  both 
thefe  on  velum,  1739.  This  valuable  legiller  or  leiger  book  was  lent  ro  Mr.  Cole 
1772  by  commilfary  Graves  ats  Beaupic  Bell,  efq.  of  Fulburne,  in  the  county  ef 

Cambridge^ 


MFNITTE   BOOKS    OF    THE    SPALDING    SOCIETY.    15 

5.  later  Codd.  MSS.  R.  Dodrworth,  the  fame  perfoii  who  be- 
gan and  collected  moft  part  of  the  Monatiicon  Anglicanum,  which 
now  goes  under  Dugdale's  name  only,  N""  4166.  v.  xxiv.  fub 
hoc  titulo,  "  CartcE  antiquDe.  H.  III.  13.  MS.  chart,  pro  priore 
*'  &  conventu  de  Spalding  j"  and  there  aHb  N°4i67.  v.  xxv, 
fab  hoc  titulo,  "  Chartae  antiquae.  Carta  conceffa  S.  Nicholao 
"  Andegav.  &:  priori  de  Spalding,"  f.  a.,  •  Thefe  two  in  the  Bod- 
leian library  at  Oxford.  Gat.  MSS.  Angl.  &;  Hib.  V.  I.  P.  i.  f. 
190,  191. 

6.  Vol.  XXV.  N°  5264,  Commiffio  ad  privandnm  priorem  de 
Spalding,  ac  ad  procedendum  ad  elediionem  novi  prioris,  f.  93. 
Bibl.  Yclverton,  now  the  right  hon.  the  earl  of  SuireK's  library. 
Cat.  MSS.   Angl.  &:  Hib.  v.  II.  f.  131. 

7.  MS.  of  the  gift  of  William  Moore,  inter  Codd.  MSS.  coll. 
Caio-Gonvillenfis  in  Cambridge,  fab  hoc  titulo,  "  Liber  prio- 
*'  ratus  de  Spalding,  continens  fequentes  tra6tatus^  Kalendarium." 
This,  I  fuppofe,  means  an  obituary  and  liil  of  the  benefactors. 
*'  Ordinaciones  Sc  CommifFiones  comini  Thomse  prioris  de  Spald- 
*'  ing  au6toritate  apoftolica  confirmatae.  De  Simone,  Johanne  Sc 
*'  Willielmo  prioribus  de  Spalding  ;"  with  many  general  hi(l:ories 
and  chronology,   and  fome  relating  to  England  only.  - 

8.N°  1181,  D.  T17.  Caius  coll.  lib.  Camb.  Cat.  MSS.  Angl. 
8c  Hib.  I.  f.  126,  p.  3,  per  D.  Tanner,  liber  de  Spalding, 
1 6'"°  D.  117. 

9.  A  MS.  milTal  and  offices  of  faints,  finely  illuminated  on 
vellum,  and  neatly  written.  This  was  among  Sir  John  01d° 
field's  books.  Doubtlefs  there  were  very  many  of  thefe  milTals, 
portals,  tropars,   rituals,    and  other  fach  books. 

Cambridge,  who  borrowed  it  from  Mrs.  Winofield,  of  Stamford.     On  its  firft  leaf* 
or  cover  is  in  a  hand  of  James  Id's  time   "  Johes  Oldfeild  de  Spalding."     It  came-* 
afterwards  into  the  hands  of  Maurice  Johnion,  elq.  ut  cspalding,  .ujtl  i>i;hop  !  ciniKr  i- 
feems  to  refer  to  this  and  to  a  regifter  of  Spalding  priory,  which  behonged  to  the 
fame/poffenors  fucceffively.     (Not.  Mon.  p.  250,  251.)     It  is  alio  cited  in  Dugdale's 
Hiltory  oi' Embanking,  p.  212.  215,  &:c. 

10.  Diverfe- 


i6  INTRODUCTION     TO      TH  E 

10.  Diverfe    MS.  apographs   or  copies  of  chartulary  grants, 
jleeds,   fines,  Sec.  touching  the  parts  of  Holland,  and  many  moi-e 
particularly     relating    to    Spalding    charters,    infpeximus,    pa- 
tents,  depofitions  upon    commiffions   in    caufes,   and  other  MS. 
writings,  relating   to   the   town,    the   priory,  the  manor,    the 
church,  chapel,  and  fchools,  by  the  right  hon.  the  earl  of  Mul- 
grave,  anno  1639,   Sir  Richard  Ogle,  knt.   Nicholas  Ogle,  efq. 
Maurice  Johnfon,    John  Johnfon,    Francis    Johnfon,    Nicholas 
Olvington,   George   Johnfon,    Henry   Lunn,    William  Johnfon, 
and  Maurice  Johnfon,  efqrs.  flevvards  of  faid  manor  ;  Sir  John 
Harrington  and  Sir  Thomas  Lambart,  knights,  another  Mr.  John- 
Ion,   clerk  of   the  fewers,    John   Hutchinfon,  gent,    and  John 
Johnfon,  of  the  Inner  Teinple,  efq.  clerk  of  the  fewers -.  folio 
grandi. 

11.  Liber  vetus  Termonum.  MS.  on  paper,  now  in  the 
library  of  the  church  of  Spalding.  Of  thefe  fort  of  books  there 
were  many  in  moft  religious  houfes,   and  fome  peculiar  to  them. 

12.  A  very  ancient  court  book,  calenders  of  the  bond  tenants, 
ccnllitutions,  orders,  compromifes,  conventions,  cuftoms,  8cc. 
written  by  Sir  Laurence  Myntling,  a  knight,  who  'had  taken  on 
him  the  cowl  in  the-  convent,  and  was  librarian,  with  fome  of  his 
poetry  interfperfed,  and  definitions  of  matters  in  law,  and  a  cata- 
logue of  all  the  criminals  whidi  had  been  executed  within  the 
jurifdidlion  in  the  times  of  the  feveral  priors,  from  Simon  to  Ro- 
bert II.  and  among  other  matters  the  famous  conftitution  made 
in  the  prior's  court  then,  fettling  the  order  and  method  to  be  ufed 
at,  the  execution  of  felons,  with  the  feparate  offices  of  each  of 

*  Thefe  gentlemen  were  learned  in  the  laws  of  their  country,  diligent  enquir- 
eri  into  the  anions,  manners,  and  cuftoms  of  their  anceftors,  and' careful  pre- 
fers^ers  of  whatever  they  judged  worthy  the  tranfmitting  to  pofteKity,  whereby  the 
author  of  this  introduction  was  enabled  to  give  thefe  accounts  theveof  from  thefe 
MSS.  and  their  advcrfaria,  coUedions,  and  remarks. 

th§ 


MINUTE    BOOKS   OF  THE   SPALDING    SOCIETY.     17 

the  four  bailiffs*,  on  vellum,  anno  1455,  formerly  Sir  Richard 
Os^le's. 

13.  Rentale  abbatis  8c  conventus  de  Croyland,  in  com'  Lin- 
coln, de  poflellionibus  fuis  i  Edw.  L  1274,  &  anno  Radulphi 
abbatis  Croyland  13.  A  large  and  copious  terrar  on  vellum, 
with  rubric  titles,  very  neat,  folio  grandi. 

14.  Terrarium  prioris  &:  conventus  de  Spalding,  cum  dimifT 
homag'  releivis,  fidelitat'  merchett'  leirvvyt  &c  hujufmodi  fervic'  in' 
villis  de  Spalding,  Pynchebeck,  Multon,  Wefton,  Sutton,  Styke- 
ney,  Holl)ech,  Thurleby,  Si  alibi,  a  die  \w\\<s,  prox'  ante  feftum 
fc'i  Georgii  anno  6  Hen.  IV.  (1405)  &  prioris  Joh'  IV.  1""°  ufque 
ad  28  annum  regni  regis  Hen.  VIII.  anno  D'ni  1537.  A  large 
MS.  on  vellum,  folio  grandi.  Divers  adings  of  Henry  VIIl's 
commiffions  on  the  Diffolution;  entries,  depoiltions,  church- 
wardens' accounts,  original  letters,  &c.  touching  the  priory 
church,  revenues,  leafes,  veftments,  veflels  of  plate,  and  other 
chattels,  and  of  the  chantries  thereto  belonging,  which  remain 
Itill  in  the  Augmentation  office,  and  in  the  town-chefts  of  Spald- 
ing, and  in  the  record-room  at  the  town-hall  there,  whence  it  ap- 
pears that  the  monaftery  church  (there  alfo  called  the  abbey 
church)  w^as  fold  by  one  Thomas  Kedby  or  Ketby,  bailiff  of  the 
townfliip  of  Spalding,  by  commiffions  and  letters  empowering 
him  under  the  hand  of  Charles  Brandon,  duke  of  Suffolk,  maiier 
of  the  horfe  and  fome  time  archiprccfetius  curice  to  king  Henry 
VIII.  25  April,  34  of  that  king,  1543,  to  the  townfmen  of  Spald- 
ing for  the  bells  and  lead  being  in  his  grace's  letter 
expreily  excepted.     There  had  been  in  that  time   of  confufion 

■"*  From  the  velom  reglfter  of  the  manor  of  Spalding  by  Sir  Laurence   Myntling 
it  appears,  that  eighty  felons  were   hanged  from  41  lltnry  I!I.  to  16  Henry  VIII. 

on  the  prior's  gallows.  Baillivus  de  Spalding  ducebat  feloium  dc  ?nonaJhrio  ufque  ad 
f ureas  pro  exictitionc  facicnda  :  hctilUvits  de  We  [Ion  port  aba  t  jcalam  ufque  fur  cai  pro 
excciuioiie  facienda  :  bailllvut  de  Fyncebctke  invcuict  cordam  ad  jufpeiidcndim  felonem: 
baillivus  de  Multon  fcicicbat  exeattionein  infufpencioncfelonis^ 

D  fome 


.jS  introduction     to     the 

fome  embezzlement  of  the  goods;  for  not  long  after  I  find  an 
inventory  of  them  given  in  March  21,  3  Edward  VI.  1549,  ^7 
prefentment  (i.  e.  on  oath)  of  John  Gamble,  William  Clapham, 
William  VVillefoy,  and  William  Coke,  the  then  churchwardens 
of  our  parhh  church  (for  the  ufe  of  which  it  feems  the  townfmen 
had  purchafed  the  conventual  chattels)  of  John  Percy,  John 
Hart,  Thomas  Palmer,  and  William  Hykion,  parifhioners,  and  of 
Hugh  Mergefon,  curate,  before  Richard  Ogle  and  Robert  Wal- 
poll,  efqrs.  the  commiffioners,  wherein  is  fet  forth  all  and  fingular 
the  plate,  jewels,  bells,  and  other  ornaments  belonging  to  the 
faid  parilh  church,  wherein  are  many  coftly  and  rich  embroidered 
veftments,  as  copes,  albes,  altar-cloths,  amices,  chefubles,  &c.  of 
cloth  of  gold  tiffue,  crimfon  velvets,  fattins,  and  other  rich  filk  and 
vefTels  and  facred  utenfils,  many  of  them  gilded  and  fet  with  pre- 
cious ftones,  as  gofpellers,  pixes,  crofles,  cenfers,  candlerticks,  and 
orgaynes ;  and  as  to  the  poor  remains  of  the  late  well-furniflied 
conventual  library,  take  the  articles  in  their  own  words. 

"  Item,  one  MelTe  boke  (MS.  I  fuppofe)  and  one  in  print,  and 
one  pax  of  the  Contemplation.  Item,  one  library  (I  fuppofe  they 
mean  book-cafe)  with  1 3  books  in  it,  and  one  Mefle  boke  with 
fylver  clafps." 

Thefe  goods  were  all  of  them  in  the  parifli  church  ;  for  they 
give  them  in  fo  upon  the  inquiry  above-mentioned,  and  their 
anfwer  in  general  is,  that  they  knew  of  nothing  fold  iince  Feb. 
15,  6  Edward  VI.  excepting  fome  wax  to  people  of  the  town, 
and  the  money  was  put  in  (or  as  they  phrafe  it)  employed  to  the 
poremen's  box  within  the  faid  church.  The  original  is  ligned  or 
endorfed  by  the  faid  commiffioners,  the  church-wardens,  inha- 
bitants, and  Sir  Thomas  Flolland,  a  gentleman  of  good  fafliion 
then  rending  in  this  county,  whence  his  family  took  their  name, 
and  alio  by  Hugh  Mergefon,  curate^  as  he  writes  himfelf,  and  I 
believe  him  the  firft  minifter  of  the  parilh  after  the  Reformation 
from  popery. 

Let 


MINUTE   BOOKS    OF   THE    SPALDING    SOCIETY.     19 

Let  us  now  fee  a  little  how  wc  fared  in  thofe  early  days  ol" 
Proteftantifm.  The  nionaltery  in  which  the  hopeful  youth  had 
had  a  liheral  education  given  them,  and  at  whofe  charitable  gale 
the  hungry  had  always  been  plentifully  fed,  being  now^  no  more, 
to  fupply  the  former  the  inhabitants  cre<5led  a  free  grammar- 
fchool  (of  many  of  which  the  foundations  were  laid  in  the  reign 
of  king  Edward  VI.)  for  1  conclude  there  was  fuch  an  one  here  ••• 
long  before  the  date  of  the  firft  charter  by  queen  Elizabeth,  from 
the  will  of  John  Blanche,  one  of  the  principal  founders,  or  rather 
endowers,  of  it,  dated  27  May,  1568,  by  which  he  gave  lands  in 
Sutton  and  Gedney  to  it,  as  did  the  before-mentioned  church- 
warden, John  Gamble  or  Gamlyn,  as  he  is  called  in  the  queen's 
patent,  30  Elizabeth,  1588,  whereby  the  fame  was  legally  fettled 

*  Before  the  Diff  Jinion  there  were  free-fchools  in  the  convent  of  Spaklnig,  where 
live  youth  of  that  town  and  the  lordfhips  belonging  thereto  were  taught.  In  the 
MS.  regiUer  Folciby,  fol.  290,  maflcr  Richard  'i'hurgtror,  then  perpetual  curate 
of'the  pariih  church  of  Spalding,  is  enjoined  by  Oliver  Sutton,  bifliop  of  Lincoln, 
by  an  inlbument,  quod  fcnnittet  pauperes  clerkos\ai]uc  bajulos  fcholas  adirc  tempore 
congruo  C5'  bcneficium  fuum  Ubere  pcrcipere  juxta  morcm  confiietum  [fc.)  addifcendi. 
About  1515  llobert  le  Skinner,  a  merchant  of  the  Itaple,  built  our  Lady's  cha- 
pel, dedicated  to  her  and  Theme  Martjri  (S'  Thoracis  Bccket)  in  after-times.  This 
on  the  P>.eformation,  being  a  chantry  and  ferved  by  mailing  priefts,  became  dil- 
folved,  and  came  to  the  crown,  and  is  now  the  free  grammar-fchool,  towards  the 
providing  of  which  with  maflers  Mr.  John  Blanche  of  Spalding,  about  1568,  by 
his  will  devifed  a  mefluage  49  acres  *  13  pole,  m.nliy  copyhold,  in  Sutton  Holland 
manor,  parcel  of  the  duchy  of  Lancafter,  lying  in  Sutton  St.  James's,  and  18  acres 
in  Gedney,  copyhold  of  Gedney  Abbatis  manor  ;  and  Mr.  John  Gamlyn  of  Spald- 
ing gave  22  acres  inCroft,  in.  thefaid  county  of  Lincoln,  for  the  Hime  pious  ufe,  and 
procured  letters  patent  of  queen  ElizabetJi  by  lord  trcafurer  Buileigh,  1^88,  for  in- 
corporating the  four  governors  of  the  faid  fchool,  which  king  Charles  IL  renewed 
1674  by  his  letters  patent  under  the  great  feal  of  England,  enlarging  their  privr- 
kges,  at  the  inilance  of  Sir  Robert  Carr  of  Spalding,  in  the  faid  county,  bart.  then 
chancellor  of  the  faid  duchy  of  Lancafter.  But  the  fcliooimaftor  having  no  proper 
dwelling-houfe,  the  late  mafter,  the  rev.  Mr.  Timothy  Neve,  by  a  fubfcription  of 
the  inhabitants  and  his  own  generous  contribution,  built  or.  a  piece  of  garden- 
ground,  containing  by  fuivey  i  rood  3  pole,  near  the  free-ichool,  demiicd  to  the 
governor  for  9^  years  by  the  town  huf bauds  atd  los.  per  annum,  April  1722. 

*  35  in  the  Rat. 

D  2  and 


20  INTRODUCTION       TO      THE 

and  incorporated  under  governors  and  a  common  feal ;  and  for 
the  relief  of  the  poor  there  were  colledions,  otibrings  at  the  prin- 
cipal fealis.  a  poor-man's  box  fixed  in  the  parifli  church,  afleff- 
ments  laid,  and  lands  and  tenements  given  by  the  faid  Mr.  Gam- 
lin,  (who,  as  alfo  Sir  Mathew  Gamlyn,  ud;ia  built  Fulney-hall,  the 
feat  of  that  family,  and  Sir  John,  were  good  friends  and  benefadtors 
to  this  town,  and  ought  to  be  gratefully  remembered)  Richard 
Hedby,  and  one  Gonne,  for  the  care  and  condudl  of  which 

the  better  fort  of  the  inhabitants  gave  themfelves  the  trouble  of 
receiving  the  rents,  looking  after  the  eftates,  relieving  the  poor 
with  apparel,  coals,  phyfic,  &c.  and  maintaining  orphans.  Thefe 
charitable  officers  have  been  anciently  ftyled  by  many  different 
appellations,  and  are  the  fame  with  the  'Town's  Hujbajjds.  Their 
iirft  regular  accounts  begin  at  Michaelmas  1591. 

Of  the  few  books  which  had  been  thus  preferved  there  were 
ftill  fewer  remaining,  and  thefe  had  in  all  probability  been  difli- 
pated  likewife,  had  not  Mr.  Robert  Ram,  the  minifter  of  this  pa- 
rifh,  in  the  year  1637,  prevailed  on  the  townfmen  at  a  pubhc 
meeting  to  board,  ceil,  and  flielve  the  room  over  the  North  porch 
of  the  church,  and  to  repoiit  them  there.  This  part  of  that 
beautiful  entrance  into  the  hovife  of  God  had  in  ancient  times, 
1  prefume,  been  ufed  to  keep  the  church  inftruments,  veflels, 
books  of  office,  and  veftments  in;  and  afterwards  the  town  arms, 
as  halberts  and  firelocks,  and  bows  and  arrow's,  of  which  for- 
merly every  parifh  was  obliged  to  be  ready  provided  with  fuch 
a  certain  number.  This  ufelefs  old  lumber  of  arms  that  diligent 
paftor  not  only  removed,  but  as  the  teftimony  of  an  eye-witnefs 
and  party  who  paid  for  the  work-doing  himfelf  has  left  it  re- 
corded in  the  ancient  town's  book,  engaged  all  his  friends,  as 
well  townfmen  a:  ftrangers,  to  give  feveral  books  towards  fur- 
nifliing  it;  nor  was  his  learned  fucccefiTor  (1660)  Mr.  Robert 
Peirfon,  indifferent  to  this  praifc-worthy  work,    as  appears  from 

another 


MINUTE    BOOKS    OF    THE    SPALDING    SOCIILTY.      21 

another  entry  in  the  fame  MS.  December  26,  1660,  and  the  ac- 
coiuu  at  large  of  the  fitting  u])  the  porch  chamher,  entered  therein 
the  3d  of  January  following  ;  the  canfe  of  which  entry  was  the 
mafter  and  uilier  of  the  free  fchool  were  in  thofe  times  frequently 
changed,  and  there  had  been  fome  dil'putes  between  Mr.  Peirfon 
and  fome  of  them  ;  arid  I  think  there  were  not  fewer  than  feven 
fuch  head  mailers  during  the  Grand  Rebellion,  and  a  long  ant! 
troublefome  fuit  at  law  between  the  governors  themfelves  towards 
the  beginning  of  the  Reif oration  ;  about  which  time  the  then 
lord  bilhop  of  Lincoln  (the  learned  Dr.  Robert  Saunderfon)  on 
application  made  to  him  by  fome  of  the  gentlemen  of  the  town 
appointed  new  governors  of  the  faid  fchool ;  and  upon  the  re- 
lignation  of  Thomas  Gibfon,  M.  A.  who  had  by  the  mafter  and 
feniors  of  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  been  conftituted  mafter 
of  the  fchool,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Martin  Johnfon,  S.  T.  B.  then  curate 
of  Spalding  and  a  native  thereof,  was  appointed  mafter,  and  one 
Patrick  Brown,  M.  A.  a  young  gentleman,  recommended  (1669) 
to  the  governors  on  their  letters  to  him  by  Dr.  Gunning,  then 
mafter  of  St.  John's  college,  his  ullier,  who  fome  years  after  refided, 
and  James  Brecknock,  M.  A.  was  eletSled  in  his  ftead.  Some  time 
after  which,  on  differences  which  arofe  between  the  mafter  and 
this  uflier,  Mr.  Peter  Stephens  was  appointed  in  his  ftead,  and  a 
controverfy  at  law  about  the  legality  of  the  appointment  and  for 
the  profits  enfued.  For  within  about  a  year  and  a  half  after  the  ap- 
pointment of  him,  the  faid  mafter  mifliked  his  idher  io  much 
as  to  take  the  fcholars  from  him  and  teach  them  himfelf  (as  ap- 
pears by  his  own  depofitions  in  the  caufe  1  mentioned)  till  Lady- 
day,  1674;  in  which  year  his  majefty  king  Charles  II.  was  gra- 
cioufly  pleafed  to  grant  us  his  letters  patent  for  the  fchool,  being 
the  26th  of  his  reign,  which  I  prefume  made  all  things  eafy,  and 
Mr.  Brecknock  continued  mafter  thence  to  the  year  1679  ;  about 
which  time  Anthony  Oldfield  fucceeded  him  ;    and  Mr.  Johnfon, 

tke 


24  INTRODUCTION     TO     THE 

the  minifter,  a  man  well  verfed  in  the  Oriental  and  other  lan° 
guages,  and  of  multifarious  learning,  and  who  had  been  by  his 
own  generous  donation,  and  alfo  by  what  he  procured  it  from  his 
friends,  a  great  benefa6tor  to  the  library,  died,  and  was  fucceeded 
in  his  miniftry  by  the  pious  and  learned  Mr.  William  Pendleton. 
About  two  years  after  his  eledlion  to  that  office  Mr.  Oldfield  re- 
figned  the  fchoolmafter's  place.  That  great  light  of  learning, 
Richard  Bentley  (now  D.  D.  regius  profefTor,  mailer  of  Trinity 
college,  royal  librarian,  &c.)  fupplied  his  place,  who  being  foon 
taken  from  us  by  the  learned  bifliop  of  Worcefter,  Dr.  Stilling- 
fleet,  to  be  his  amanuenfis,  Mr.  Johnfon  of  Peterhoufe,  Cam- 
bridge, M.  A.  a  fon  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Martin  Johnfon  before-men- 
tioned, and  a  native  of  this  town,  educated  in  great  meafure  by 
his  father,  was  eled:ed  in  his  place  ;  a  gentleman  very  much  be- 
loved for  the  fweetnefs  of  his  temper  and  good  qualities. 

In  this  reign  and  about  this  time  was  the  petit  fchool  of  Spald- 
ing, for  the  benefit  of  poor  men's  children,  that  they  might  be 
gratis  taught  to  read  and  write,  founded  by  the  generofity  of  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Thomas  Willefby,  clerk,  whole  family  has  long  flou- 
riflied  here,  and  bellowed  many  charitable  benefadlions  on  the 
poor  of  Spalding  :  this  gentleman  by  his  will  leaving  a  confi- 
derable  legacy  for  building  the  faid  fchool,  the  mailers,  &;c.  and 
endowing  the  fame  a  few  years  before. 

In  i695th€Rev.  John  Wareing,  A.B.  fucceeded  by  ekvSlion 
of  the  governors  to  the  mailer,  Walter  Johnfon,  who  died  much 
lamented.  Mr.  Wareing  had  been  bred  up  at  Shrewfbury  fchool, 
and  afterwards  at  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  and  was  a  man 
of  piety  and  learning.  He  was  alio  chaplain  of  Wykham,  and 
one  of  the  firll:  members  of  this  Society,  which  was  inllituted  and 
firll  held  at  the  then  Coffee-houfe  in  the  Abl)ey  yard — that 
ground  which  had  been  for  fo  many  ages  facred  to  the  Mules. 

7  In 


MINUTE    BOOKS   OF  THE   SPALDING    SOCIETY.     23 

In  April,  1709,  that  great  genius,  captain  Richard  Steele,  after- 
wards made  a  knight  and  iLipervifor  of  the  playhoufes,  pubhlhed 
■'the  Tatlers,   which,  as  they  came  out  in  half  flieets,  were  taken 
in  by  a  gentleman,  who  communicated  them  to  his  acquaintances 
at  the  Goftee-houfe  then  in  the  Abbey  yard  ;  and  thefe  papers  be- 
ing univerfally  approved  as  both  inlh'udtive  and  entertaining,  they 
ordered  them  to  be  fent  down  thither,  with  the  Gazette  and  Votes, 
for    which   they  paid  out    of   charity    to  the  perfon    who  kept 
the  cofFee-houl'e,  and  they  were  accordingly  had  and  read  there 
every  polt  day,  generally  aloud  to  the  company,  who  could  lit  and 
talk  over  the  fubjedl:  afterwards.      This  infenlibly  drew  the  men 
of  fenfe  and  letters  into  a  fociable  way  of  converfing,  and  con- 
tinued the  next  year,  1710,  until  the  publication  of  thefe  papers 
deiifted,   which  was  in  December,    to  their  great  regret,  whofe 
thoughts  being  by  thefe  means  bent  towards  their  own  improve- 
ment in  knowledge,    they  again  in    like  manner  heard  fome  of 
the  Tatlers  read  over,  and  now  and  then  a  poem,  letter,  or  elTay 
on  fome  fubjeils  in  polite  literature  ;  and  it  being  happily  fug- 
gelled  that,  as  they  took  care  to  have  thofe  papers  kept  together, 
it  would  be  well  worth  their  while  to  take  into  confideration  the 
Hate  of  the  parochial  library,  where  there  were  fome  valuable 
editions  of  the   beft  authors  in    no  good    condition,  ,  they  did 
accordingly  agree  to  contribute  towards  the  repairing  the  old  and 
adding  new  books  to  it ;   but  being  by  the  two  word  enemies  to 
underftanding,  ignorance  and  indolence,  prevented  from  doing 
much  for  it,  they  turned  their  beneficial  intentions  towards  the 
royal  and  free  grammar  fchool,  in  which  there  was  at  that  time 
a  large  but  empty  deflc,  capable  of  being  made  a  prefs  or  clafs,  on 
which  the  one  folitary  volume  then  belonging  to  the  fchool  lay, 
viz.    Languet's    Polyanthea,    bellowed  on  it   by  Sir   John  Old- 
field,   bart.  fome  years  before,   and  to  this  thefe  gentlemen  cV.') 
now  voluntarily  add  feveral  other  authors  in  grammatical,  critical,  \> 

orr 


24  INTRODUCTION      TO      THE 

or  claflical  learning,  which  was  to  the  great  pleafure  and  conve- 
nience of  the  worthy  mafter. 

In  March,  171 1,  the  Spe6tator  came  out,  which  was  received 
find  read  here  as  the  Tatler  had  been  ;  and  next  year  thefe  gen- 
tlemen formed  thtmfelves  into  a  vokintary  fociety,  by  fubfcrib- 
ing  at  the  faid  coffee -houfe  the  following  agreement,  which, 
though  it  has  been  much  improved  by  new  rules  and  orders,  yet 
in  as  much  as  the  principal  defign  is  beft  feen  thereby,  .1  fliall 
tranfcribe  it. 

Propofals  for  eftabliihing  a  Society  of  Gentlemen  for  the  fup- 

porting  mutual   benevolence  and  their  improvement  in  the 

liberal  fciences  and  polite  learning. 

That  the  perfons  who  fign  thefe  propofals,  and  none  other  *,  be 
efleemed  of  the  Society. 

That  they  choofe  a  Prefident  monthly,  to  moderate  in  all  dif- 
piites,  and  read  all  papers  whatfoever  aloud  f . 

That  they  meet  every  Mowfl'*^^  |  at  Mr.  Toungefs  Coffee-houfe\\ 
in  Spalding,  at  two^  in  the  afternoon,  from  September  to  May, 
and  in  the  other  months  Tit  four ^  unlefs  detained  by  bullnefs  of 
moment  or  indifpolltion,  under  pain  of  forfeiting  two-pence  a 
time  for  a  fund  for  books,  &c.  except  thofe  who  live  three  miles 
off  from  Spalding. 

That  he  who  is  abfent  four  Mondays  together  *•'••  fliall  on  the 
fifth  communicate  to  the  Society  fomething  new  or  curious,  with 
sn  excu.fe  for  abfenting,  upon  pain  of  being  ftruck  out  of  this 
edablilhment,  if  the  majority  of  gentlemen  then  prefent  vote  it  fo; 
9r  pay  lix-pencett,  to  be  put  in  a  fund  to  buy  books,  8cc. 

ALTERATIONS  MADE   FROM  TIME   TO   TIME. 

*  Members  enlarged  to  fuch  as  conform  to  the  rules. 
>}~  Heading  became  the  bufmefs  ot  the  firfl  Secretary. 
\  Changed  to  Wcdnefday,  and  afterwards  to  1  hurfday. 
-  |I  Removed  as  occafion  required.  •.-  r  §  Altered  to  four. 

..**  Afierv.iuiis  ab(di!hcd  ;  only,  on  Sir  Ifacc  Newton's,  carnell   recou'.menda'ion, 
e.'ery  member  urged  to  be  toinnmnicaive.  -ff  Penalty  aboliihed  afterwards. 

No- 


MINUTE    BOOKS   OF   THE   SPALDING   SOCIETY.    25 

November  3,  17  12.      We  do  approve  of  thcfc  Propofds, 
and  agree  to  obferve  them  as  Members  of  the  Society. 

William  Ambler,  John  Brittaiv, 

Walter  Johnson,  Stephen  Lyon, 

Joshua  Ambler,  Maurice  Johnson, 

John  Johnson,  Edward  Molesworth, 

Francis  Bellinger,  Maurice  JoHNsoN,jun. 

Aaron  Lynn,  John  Waring. 

The  Society  thus  formed  eleiled  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lyon,  M.  A. 
re6tor  of  Merevvorth  in  Kent,  and  perpetual  curate  and  minifler 
of  Spalding,  prefident  for  a  month  ;  and  Mr.  Ambler  took  up 
the  propofals  from  off  the  table  on  which  they  had  been  figned, 
and  deUvered  them  in  the  name  of  the  Society  to  Mr.  Lyon, 
as  its  prefident,  who,  with  a  modeft  apology,  as  ufual  in  thofe 
cafes,  accepted  them  and  that  office,  and  with  a  better  grace 
no  man  could,  nor  be  better  qualified,  he  being  M.  A.  of 
both  univerfities,  where,  and  in  their  travels  abroad,  he  had 
well  educated  feveral  noblemen,  underftood  and  fpoke  both 
the  dead  and  living  languages,  and  moft  of  the  arts  and 
fciences,  ef^jecially  the  politer.  He  was  on  Monday,  Dec.  i, 
continued  in  it  for  that  month  alfo,  during  which  feveral  very  in- 
genious papers  were  by  the  members  and  other  gentlemen  com- 
municated to,  and  read  in,  the  Society.  On  Jan.  5,  1713, 
at  which  a  majority  of  the  feveral  fubfcribing  members  were 
prefent,  upon  the  motion  of  Mr.  Lyon  himfelf,  was  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Ambler  ele(5led  prefident  for  that  month  ;  and  it  being  pro- 
pofed  to  the  Society  that  they  fliould  eleft  a  fecretary,  to  minute 
their  proceedings,  and  keep  all  papers,  &c.  belonging  to  them 
in  good  order  for  the  furtherance  of  their  laudable  defign,  the 
Society  elected  Maurice  Jolmfon,  jun.  who  very  willingly  ac- 
cepted that  office  the  lafl:  Monday  in  this  month.  The  Society 
thought  fit  to  alter  that  part  of  the  propofitions  relating  to  the 

E  penalty 


26  INTRODUCTION      TO      THE 

penalty  on  monthly  abfences,  and  toolc  it  off ;  and  at  the  next 
Society,  which  was  on  Feb.  3,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wareing  was,  on 
Mr.  Ambler's  motion,  elected  prelident  for  that  month,  and  fo 
continued  for  the  next ;  but  being  much  indifpofed,  in  his  ftead, 
on  Feb.  23,  Mr.  Johnfon,  {ei^.  was  ele61cd  prefident  for  the 
month,  when  Mr.  Lyon  was  rechofen  for  April,  and  in  this  the 
vSociety  ordained  that  the  prefident  Ihould  be  annually  chofen,  but 
afterwards  altered  that  rule,  and  declared  that  all  ofKcers  of  the 
Society  when  eledted  fhould  continue  till  the  Society  flioukl 
think  fit  to  choofe  one.  This  year  they  took  in  and  read  the 
Lay  Monks  and  Memoirs  of  Literature.  This  regulation  was  alfo 
made,  that  fuch  gentlemen  whole  company  could  not  confiltent- 
ly  be  expedted,  though  they  had  fubfcribed  the  propofals,  and 
were  well  inclined  to  be  there,  fliould  and  were  declared  not  to 
be  engaged  as  others  who  could  attend,  and  as  regular  members 
enjoined  themfelves  fo  to  do,  and  ftridly  to  obferve  all  the  rules 
and  orders  of  the  Society,  but  tobe  henceforth  entered  and  efteem- 
ed  as  exira  regulares,  or  honorary  members.  Upon  this  regu- 
lation, which  was  abfolutely  neceffary,  the  rules  of  the  Society 
were  on  Jan.  13,  17 13-14,  with  a  ftate  of  its  proceedings, 
drawn  up  and  figned  by  thefe  members  as  regulars,  with  the  ap- 
probation of  the  reft  : 

Jofhua  Ambler,  John  Johnfon, 

Maurice  Johnfon,  jun.  William  Lynn> 

William  Johnfon,  Stephen  Lyon. 

The  names  of  the  extra -regulars  were  entered  therein  by  the 
lecretary,  according  to  the  former  regulations,  and  they  attended 
as  they  had  opportunity  ;  and  in  as  much  as  thefe  rules  may  be 
fometimes  had  recourfe  to,  and  it  is  neceffary  to  be  known  what 
was  then  done,  great  alterations  being  made  thereby,  I  Ihall  here 
note  what  was  a  variation,  any  thing  confiderable  or  introduced 
then  as  ^  rule  ;  viz. 

That 


MINUTE   BOOKS  OF  THE   SPALDING  SOCIETY,      z/ 

That  the  members  fo  fubfcribing  flioiild  aflemble  alternately 
at  each  other's  houfes  (where  the  extra-regulars  flioukl  alfo  be 
welcome),  on  VVednefday  at  tour  o'clock  ia  the  afternoon. 

That  no  paper  whatever  lliould  be  read  if  any  member  op-f 
pofed  it. 

That  no  member  introduce  any  one  into  the  Society  whom  he 
can  fuppofe  will  not  probably  be  acceptable  there. 

That  every  member  on  admillion  give  to  the  library  a  book,  or 
books  of  the  value  of  i/;  the  prefident  to  judge  of  the  value, 
and  certify  the  fociety  thereof,  and  the  fecretary  to  enter  the 
name  of  the  member  and  his  donations :  the  like  gift  made  to  the 
grammar  fchool,  or  to  both  church  library  and  fchool,  to  be  of 
effedl:. 

That  no  one  fliall  be  bound  by  any  rule,  order,  or  injunction 
not  entered ;  but,  when  entered,  every  one  concerned  in  them 
lliall,  upon  the  honour  and  credit  of  a  gentleman  and  a  fcholar, 
obferve  them. 

This  manner  of  holding  the  Society  not  being  fo  convenient  as 
in  one  fixed  and  certain  place,  they  in  171 5-16  fitted  up  a 
little  room  in  the  old  part  of  the  parfonage  houfe,  and  by  favour 
of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Neve,  who  hired  that  part,  met  there  at  their 
ufual  times,  until  the  number  of  members  increafing,  they 
were  obliged  to  find  a  larger,  and  agreed  for  the  ufe  of  an  hand- 
fome  room  in  the  marketftead,  where  an  affembly  having  been 
held,  gave  it  the  name  of  the  Affembly-room. 

The  Society  having  refumed  the  beforementioned  intention  of 
advancing  the  parochial  library,  effeded  it  with  vigour  anfwer- 
able  to  their  ftrength  ;  and  the  books  belonging  to  it  were  by 
thefe  gentlemen  removed  from  a  damp,  little,  and  inconvenient 
room,  with  a  chimney  difficult  of  accefs,  and  very  inconvenient, 
as  appears  from  the  former  part  of  the  eflay,  and  depofited  in 
clafles  in  the  veftry.     Papers  called  the  Englifliman,   Guardian, 

E  2  Entertainers, 


28  INTRODUCTION      TO      THE 

Entertainers,  and  LoverS)  were  taken  in,  fo  long  as  they  meddled 
not  with  politics,  and  read.  They  were  fucceeded  by  the  Cenfor, 
And  now,.  1716,  Mr.  William  Atkinfon  having  been  ad- 
mitted a  regular  member  (^inftead  of  Dr.  Lynn,  who  intended  no 
longer  to  relide,  but  defired  to  be,  and  became  an  extra  regular), 
at  his  inftance  the  gentlemen  of  the  Society  purchafed  of  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Wareing's  widow  her  late  hufband's  books,  and  dillri- 
buted  them  between  the  library  of  the  church  and  fchool ;  and 
the  Society,  1717-18,  elecfted  Mr.  Atkinfon  their  treafurer,  to 
receive  and  pay  for  their  common  expences,  and  to  keep  ac- 
counts of  the  fame,  and  defray  all  fuch  other  charges  as  they 
fliould  diredt,  with  the  ballance  of  his  accounts,  which  were 
then  ordered  to  be  made  up  by  him  to  the  Society  when  they 
fliould  require  it.  And  the  payments  made  by  the  members 
after  the  late  regulation,  when  they  fitted  up  the  room  in  the 
parfonage  houfe,  being  one  fliilling  each  time  they  attended,  or 
had  not  a  juft  caiife  of  abfence  as  aforefaid,  amounting  to  more 
than  common  expences,  in  1 7 1 8  the  treafurer,  by  order,  pro- 
cured and  thenceforth  entered  all  the  receipts  and  payments  in  a 
book  kept  for  that  purpofe,  and  the  members  did  now  agree  to 
this,  and  declare  that  the  extra  regulars  fliould  not  be  obliged: 
in  matters  of  attendance  or  expences,  other  than  the  common  ex- 
pences when  prefent.  To  this,  and  in  confideration  of  the  pre- 
ceding rules  and  orders,  all  the  beforementioned  regular 
membeis  fubfcribed,  and  thefe  following  gentlemen  were  a<fc 
mitted  afterwards  at  different  times  : 

Peter  Bold,  John  Richards, 

Henry  Everard,  James  Rowland, 

"William  Clarke,  Timothy  Neve, 

Francis  Pilliod,  Robert  Mitchell. 

The  catalogue  of  all  the  books  in  the  libraries  of  the  church 

and  fchool  was  tranfcribed  by  the  order,  and  for  the  ufe,  of  the 

I  Society ; 


MINUTE    BOOKS   OF   THE   SPALDING   SOCIKTY.     29. 

Society  ;  and  a  table  hung  on  each  of  the  three  claffes  in  the  vel- 
tiary,  fliewing  the  authors,  and  the  order  in  which  they  arc 
therein  placed. 

And,  to  iliew  their  regard  for  letters,  1719,  they  attended  to 
his  grave,  and  decently  interred  in  the  church,  ar.  unfortunate 
gentleman,  one  Mr.  Ingoldfby,  who  went  by  the  name  of  Mr. 
Sandes,  who,  as  a  Maitre  des  Langues^  tranllated  the  i'rcnch  and 
Italian  here. 

Papers  called  the  Honeft  Gentleman  and  Free  Thinker  were 
read,   excepting  fuch  of  them  as  were  political. 

Mr.  Lynn  •'■  of  Southwick  near  to  Oundle  m  Northamptonfliire,. 
a  member  of  this  Society,  invented,  compofed,  publiQied,   and 
prefented  this  Society  with  a  new  table  of  logarithms,  by  way  of 
linear  proportions,  comprehending  more  than  50.  times  the  com- 
pafs  of  many  tables  yet  extant  the  common  way  by  figures.. 

Upon  the  death  of  the  treafurer,   Mr.  Neve  was  eledted,   and 
defired  by  the  Society  to  take  that  office  upon  him,  he  living  in 
the  houfe  where  the  Society  was  then  held  ;.  which  he  did  com- 
ply with,  and  made  up  the  accounts  of  the  late  treafurer  ;   from 
the  time  of  whofe  death  the  Society  agreed  to  hold  it  again  on 
Thurfdays,.  which  had  been   their  day  of  holding,  tha  Society, 
but  on  his  account  was  changed  to  Wednefday,  and  from,  this 
time  the  fecretary  gave  in  to  the  Society,  on  the   firil  Society 
holden,  the  minutes  of  all  their  a6ts  and  orders,  with  the  rules, 
and  orders,  and  lifls  of  the  regular  and  extra  regular  membersy. 
that  they  might  the  better  judge  of  the  flate  of  the  Society,  and? 
that  as  far  as  in  his  power  he  might  be   ferviceable  in  a  proper 
manner.     He  communicated  to  them,  in  June   172a,   an   Eflay 
towards  an  hiftorical  account  of  the  ftate  of  learning  in  Spalding,, 
wherein  is  a.  brief  chronological  account  from  the  year  of  our 

*  George  Lynn,  of  Southwick,  and  of  Frinton,  in  the  county  of  E flex,  married 
a  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Bellamy,  lord  mayor  of  London  1735,  by  v;hcm  he  had 
Frinton  manor,  row  or  late  in  the  hands  of  Mrs.  Bellamy  (Morant's  ElTex,  \.  4S0).. 
AnoiUer  of  Sir  Edward's  daughters  married  Maurice  Jphnfon,  elq.  (lb.  IL  192.).. 

Loxdi 


30  I  N   T  II  O  D  U  C  T  I  O  N       T  O       THE 

Lord  looo  to  1718  of  all  public  buildings  and  endowments  for 
pfomoting  literature  here,  with  fome  account  of  learned  men  here 
refiding,  and  the  accounts  and  characters  of  them  from  the  ancient 
hitlorians  and  MSS.  with  a  catalogue  and  character  of  the  an- 
cient library  belonging  to  the  religious  here,  and  a  reference  to 
the  MSS.  where  they  are  now  widely  difperfed,  of  which  Effay 
this  is  humbly  offered  by  him  as  the  fequel. 

Papers  called  the  Spies,  not  political,  taken  in  and  read.  It 
\Vas  propofed,  approved,  and  ordered  by  the  Society,  that  every 
thing  that  ufed  to  be  pafTed  by  vote  Ihould  for  the  future  be 
pafTed  by  ballot,  and  that  all  members  fhould  be  fo  eled:ed  ;  and 
a  balloting  box  and  balls  were  accordingly  procured,  and  that  un- 
exceptionable method  hath  ever  fince  been  ufed. 

The  univerfities  having  paid  the  compliment  to  the  bilhop  of 
Chefter-'-  for  his  maintaining  the  rights  of  thefe  tw^o  mod  learned 
bodies,  in  his  elaborate  treatife  printed  at  the  Theatre  at  Oxford 
1721,  intituled,  his  Lordfliip's  Cafe  with  relation  to  the  Warden- 
fliip  of  Manchefter  ;  in  which  is  fliewn,  that  no  other  de- 
grees but  fuch  as  are  taken  in  the  univerlity  can  be  deemed  legal 
qualifications  for  any  ecclefiaftical  preferment  in  England  ;  and 
the  clergy  of  feveral  diocefes  having  alfo  paid  their  compliments 
to  the  earl  of  Nottingham,  for  afTerting  the  do6trines  of  the  church 
againfl  Mr.  Whiflon  ;  there  was  not  long  after  difperfed  about 
this  diocefe  an  anonymous  pamphlet  in  4to,  intituled,  "  The  Cafe 
"  of  Addreiling  confidered,"  upon  thofe  occafions,  which,  with 
a  learned  and  clever  anfwer  to  it  (fo  far  as  it  relates  to  the  com- 
pliment or  addrefs  fo  paid  by  the  clergy)  in  a  MS.  intituled, 
"  A  Review  of  the  Cafe  of  Add refling  confidered,"  was  commu- 
nicated in  September  by  the  treafurer,   and  read  to  the  Society. 

The  Secretary  communicated  "  Archaifmus  Graphicus  ;*' 
being     propofals    for    compofing    a   general    table    for     decy- 

*  Dr.  Gaftrell.     See  Brit.  Topogr.  I.  497. 

phering 


MINUTE    BOOKS    OF    THE   SPALDING    SOCIETY.       31 

phering  and    explaining  all   abbreviations,    to    be  clone  by   the 
members. 

In  March  this  year,  the  Society  being  become  too  numerous  for 
the  little  room  in  the  old  part  of  the  parfonagc-houfe,  removed  to 
the  aiTcmbly-room  ;  ordered  that  a  fourth  clais  fliould  be  added  to 
and  like  thofe  of  the  velliary,  and  a  imall  one  over  the  door  there 
for  the  duplicates. 

It  was  made  a  rule,  that  from  the  laft  day  of  December,  1721, 
every  regular  member  who  fliould  for  the  future  pay  to  the  trea- 
furer  one  fhilling  each  month  for  a  fund,  and  one  fliilling  each  to 
the  Society,  lliould  be  entered,  but  no  caufe  be  required  of  their 
abfence  at  any  time  ;  and  that  the  fecretary  fliould  procure  a  room 
for  the  Society  to  be  held  in,  and  keep  fuch  curiofities,  natural 
and  artificial,  and  fuch  MSS.  books,  papers,  &:c.  as  fliould  be  given 
or  belong  to  it,  as  the  mufeum  and  library  of  the  Society.  This 
was  propofed  by  captain  Pilliod.  The  Bibliotheca  Literaria  was 
ordered  to  be  taken  in  as  publiflied;  and  it  was  on  balloting  agreed 
that  the  rules  and  orders  of  this  Society  be  by  the  fecretary 
tranfcribed  and  tranfmitted  to  fome  worthy  gentlemen  of  Stam- 
ford and  of  Peterborough  who  defired  them  ;  which  was  done 
accordingly,  in  order  to  induce  them  to  eftablifli  the  like  Society  in 
both  places.  It  was  ordered,  that  every  member  hereafter  elected 
fliould  from  the  firfl  of  January  then  next  bring  their  pre- 
fents  of  books  to  the  library  within  twelve  months  after  their 
refpedtive  admiffions,  or  that  the  member  who  propofed  them 
fliould  pay  to  the  treafurer  one  pound  at  the  next  Society  after  the 
twelve  months  expired.  This  rule  to  extend  to  the  prefent 
members  alfo  though  heretofore  admitted,  and  that  the  Society 
may  continue  together  as  fuch  to  the  hour  of  ten  inftead  of  nine 
o'clock.  Ordered  that  a  copy  of  the  rules  and  orders,  &:c.  of  this 
Society  be  given  or  lent  to  every  member  thereof  as  foon  as  may 
be  after  his  admiflion.     This  was  propofed  ty  the  treafurer  Au- 

guft 


32  INTRODUCTION      TO      T  II  E 

gLill:"2-2  ;  and  September  19  following  the  fecretary,  purfuant  to 
that  order,  communicated  to  the  Society  Ibme  part  of  the  articles 
intended  to  be  publilhed  with  the  rules  and  orders.      A  Greek. 

trantlation  in  Anacreontics  of  the  earl  of  P 's  poem  upon  Mr. 

Howard,  by  the  treafurer,  was  communicated,  and  an  extract  in 
iLatin  from  the  MS.  Leigers,  &c.  of  this  town,  giving  fome  ac- 
icount  of.it,  and  all  its  patrons,  lords,  and  priors,  and  their  Uves 
.and  a6tions,  by  the  fecretary. 

On  Wed nefday  September  25,  1723,  the  rev.  Mr.  Lyon,  pre- 
fident  and  librarian,  gave  the  rev.  Mr.  Neve,  the  fchoolmafter,  and 
•the  rev.  Mr.  Howard,  the  leflurer,  each  of  them  a  key  to  the  claffes 
^of  books  in  the  vefViary,  where  the  library  is,  as  his  deputy  libra- 
rians ;  and  October  7,  8,  and  9  following  the  library  was,  purfu- 
ant to  an  order  of  the  Society,  cleanfed  and  fet  in  order,  the 
fourth  clafs  added,  and  the  catalogues  compared  and  examined. 

The  treafurer  communicated  to  the  Society  Statuta  Coll.  31 
Cone.  1  506,  4to.  MS.  charaftere  nitido.  Mr.  B.  Ray,  a  member 
of  this  fociety,  communicated  a  MS.  poem  of  Mr.  Prior's.  The 
fecretary  communicated  a  letter  from  Dr.  Coleby*  of  Stamford 
to  him,  concerning  the  Canon  Chronicon  in  Marmora  Arundel, 
dated  06L  1723;  and  the  rev.  Mr.  Brittaine,  a  member  of  this 
Society,  an  elTay  on  the  ancient  ftate  of  this  country,  Holland, 
and  the  feveral  embankments,  MS.  and  from  Mr.  E.  Stevens, 
another  member,  a  petition  anciently  made  by  the  gentlemen  and 
merchants  of  this  town  to  the  commiffioners  of  the  cuftoms  for 
making  Spalding  a  free  port,  MS.  and  an   account  of  the  prefent 

*  Dr.  Dixon  Coleby  died  Nov.  21,  1756,  aged  77;  and  his  widow  Elizabeth 
Oft.  2,  1759  ;  as  appears  by  a  mural  monument  againll;  the  Eaft  wall  of  the  South 
tranfept  of  Kirkton  church  in  Holland.  His  arms  were,  G.  in  abordure  engrailed  O, 
a  Chevron  between  3  Bezants. 

On  a  flab  in  the  floor  in  the  fame  tranfept  are  commemorated  the  doftor's  father 
and  mother,  Pickering  Coleby,  efq;  and  wife ;  he  died  1682,  ihe  1695. 

Dixon  Coleby,  only  fon  of  Dr.  Dixon  Coleby,  of  Stamford,  grandfon  of  Picker- 
ing Coleby,  who  died  Dec.  14,  1733,  aged  22. 

navigation 


MINUTE    BOOKS    OF    THE    SPALDING    SOCIETY.     3; 

navigation  to  Lynnc,  Wifbech,  Spalding,  and  Rofton,  with  cap*. 
Perry's  original  map  or  chart  of  the  fea  coails,  and  the  proof 
jMates  of  Dr.  Stukeley's,  a  member  of  this  fociety,  map  of  Holland 
and  the  adjacent  countries ;  and  from  capt.  Pilliod  three  letters 
written  by  Mr.  Worcerter,  concerning  the  forming  a  fociety  for 
the  encouragement  of  mechanifm,  to  be  called  the  Chamber  of 
Arts ;  and  from  Simon  Degge,  efq;  a  letter  from  Paris  to  the  lady 

O ,  dated  Nov.  30,  1723,  givmg  an  account  of  the  city,  MS. 

Mr.  Thomas  Milles,  jun.*  a  member  of  this  Society,  communicated 
a  poem  on  the  death  of  a  canary  bird,  MS.  and  the  fecretary 
another,  by  Mr.  Pope  on  Mr.  Cowper's  birth-day. 

It  vi^as  made  a  rule  by  the  Society,  that  in  ab fence  of  the  prefi- 
dent  the  vicc-prefident,  who  is  the  fenior  regular  member  in 
age,  do  take  the  chair  as  foon  as  any  five  regular  members  are  met 
at  due  time  and  place  until  the  prefident  comes,  and  in  his  ab- 
fence,  for  that  Society.  A  thermometer  and  barometer  were 
brought  to  anfwer  Dr.  Jurin's  "  hivitacio  ad  obfervanda  meteora." 
As  the  prefer ving  and  augmenting  the  library  had  been  the  con- 
ftant  care  of  the  Society,  and  the  le6lurer,  the  rev.  Mr.  H^nry 
Howard  was  entrufted  with  a  key  of  the  claffes  as  deputy  libra- 
rian, together  with  the  fchoolmafter,  the  rev.  Mr.  Timothy  Neve, 
treafurer  to  the  Society,  one  or  other  of  them  conftantly  attending 
to  perform  divine  fervice  each  day  in  the  parifli  church,  it  was 
on  ballot  ordered  by  the  Society  that  the  faid  Mr.  Howard,  in  con- 
flderation  of  his  taking  upon  him  the  care  to  enter  the  books 
lent  out  and  taken  in  in  a  lending-book  lying  for  that  purpofe 
always  ready  in  the  veftiary,  by  the  order  and  at  the  expence  of 
the  Society;  and  of  his  replacing  the  books  there,  and  keeping 

*  Father  of  the  Rev.  Jofeph  Milles,  another  member,  and  perpetual  curate  of 
Cowbit,  now  living,  who  feems  to  have  inherited  his  father's  poetical  genius,  and  has 
publifhed  by  fubfcription  an  Englifh  tranflation  of  Xenophon's  Apology  of  Socrates, 
and  feveral  other  pieces. 

F  them 


34 


INTRODUCTION"      TO      THE 


them  fafe  and  in  good  condition ;  that  the  faid  Mr.  Howard,  a  re- 
gular member  of  this  Society,  be  from  henceforth  exempt  from 
all  payments  whatever  to  the  treafnrer  of  this  Society.  And  for 
preferving  quiet,  it  was  alfo  ordered  upon  ballot,  that  if  upon  the 
prefident  or  vice-prefident's  endeavouring  to  moderate  in  any  dif- 
pnte  between  any  perfons  there,  any  one  (liall  perfift  in  the  argu- 
ment, it  be  forthwith  balloted  that  fuch  perfons  be  forthwith  ou- 
dered  to  withdraw  from  that  Society. 

Spalding,  Monday,  March  30,  17 13. 

The  propofals  for  continuing  the  Society  Itand  now  thus : 

That  the  perfons  who  have  already  figned  this  paper,  and  fliall 
hereafter  fign  it,  fhall  be  efteemed  of  the  Society. 

That  they  ele6l  a  prefident  annually. 

That  no  member  of  the  Society  fliall  forfeit  any  thing  for  ab- 
fence  ;  and  that  the  members  communicate  what  they  meet  with 
curious  in  literature  to  the  Society,  which  is  not  now  to  meet  till 
four  in  the  afternoon,  on  every  Monday,  at  Mr.  Rhifton's  in 
Spalding.  This  was  a  room  at  the  greateft  inn  in  the  town, 
known  by  the  fign  of  the  White  Hart,  from  the  time  of  king 
Richard  Jl.  and  was  fitted  up  for  this  purpofe  and  for  a  coffee- 
room  by  Mr.  John  Rhifton,  alias  Royfton,  who  then  kept 
that  inn. 

Ordered  afterwards,  that  the  officers  of  the  Society,  whatever 
they  may  be  (for  duties  or  numbers  as  requifite,  or  as  occafions 
may  hereafter  require)  once  eledted,  continue  till  others  are 
chofen,  or  they  refign  or  die,  or  as  long  as  they  behave  well  in 
their  offices,  to  be  a  ftanding  committee  and  council  for  the 
Society,  efpecially  as  to  expending  the  monies  raifed,  given, 
arifing,  or  accruing  from  forfeits  or  funds  ;  though  thofe  of 
the  Royal  Society  are  eleded  every  St.  Andrew's  day,  unlefs  ob- 
jc6lion  be  made  againft  them.     Number  feems  needlefs ;  and  the 

making 


MINUTE    BOOKS  OF  THE  SPALDING    SOCIETY.    3 


r: 


making  the  prefidency  monthly  was  of  no  fervice  to  the  Society, 
nor  afterwards  enlarging  it  annually ;  for  it  became  quamdiii 
pro'Jklens  fe  bene  gereret,  as  indeed  all  officers  ought  to  be,  and  the 
facred  priefthood  is  among  us.  Reafon  fliould  always  be  affigned 
with  our  obfervations,  and  follow  remarks,  for  conviction  fake,  to 
render  them  of  ufe  to  pofterity.  The  reafon  then  of  this  note  is, 
that  by  practice  and  experience  men  grow  more  ready  and  know 
better  how  to  execute  offices  pro  bono  publico^  and  to  encourage 
and  induce  gentlemen  of  abilities  to  accept  and  undertake  to 
execute  them. 


Fa  D I S  S  E  R- 


C    56    3 


DISSERTATIONS 

ON     SEVERAL      SUBJECTS     OF      ANTiq_UITy^ 

BY       MAURICE      JOHNSON,      eso- 

EXTRACTED       FROM      THE      MINUTE       BOOKS      OF 
THE      SPALDING     SOCIETY. 


I. 

Dljfertation  on  a  Seal  of  Amethyjl  imprejl  with  a  Camel^  and  c'lr- 
cumjcribed  "  SeCRGTVM  seCRGTORV,"  Jet  on  a  large  filver 
Ring  gilt.     Prefented  to  the  Society  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Ray. 

Read  July  25,  1734. 

THE  ufe  of  the  feal-ring  or  fignet  for  fecuring  tables,  let- 
ters miffive,  and  other  difpatches  and  things,  as  doors  of  houfes, 
monuments,  and  even  dens  (if  not  ^o  much  for  the  corroboration  of 
teftimony,  and  in  token  of  the  due  examination  of  inftruments  in 
writing,  as  for  confirming  grants  or  contra(5ls  in  thofe  times,  when 
very  few  but  they  whofe  peculiar  bufinefs  it  was  to  write  could 
fo  much  as  write  even  their  own  names)  was  very  early.  Thus 
the   prophet  Jeremiah,  fpeaking  of  Jeconiah,  fliews  it  then  of 

higheft 


DISSERTATION     ON     A     SEAL    RING.  37 

higheft  efteem  :  "  As  I  live,  faith  the  Lord,  though  Coniah  the  fon 
*'  of  Jehoiakim  king  of  Judah  were  the  fignet  upon  my  right 
"  hand,  yet  would  I  pluck  thee  thence  -'•■."  King  Darius  fealed  the 
writing  and  the  decree  t,  and  a  ftone  was  brought  and  laid  upon 
the  mouth  of  the  den,  and  the  king  fealed  it  with  his  own  fignet, 
and  with  the  fignet  of  his  princes,  that  the  purpofe  might  not  be 
changed  I.  Jezabel  fealed  the  letter  with  the  king's  feal  ||,  and 
the  Jewifli  priefls  went  and  made  the  fepulchre  fure  with  a 
watch,  and  fealed  the  ftone,  c^p^ocytaocvlsg  rov  Aifiov  §."  Pliny  -* 
tells  us  the  intaglios  or  gems  fet  in  rings,  and  ufed  thus  to  feal 
with,  were  called  l.<p^o(,yi^£C.  By  Thucydides  tt  it  is  fignifica- 
tively  ufed  for  the  imprelfion. 

Princes,  in  procefs  of  time,  afFedted  to  ufe  great  or  broad  feals, 
which,  for  their  cumberfomenefs  and  honour's  fake  too,  were  in- 
trufted  with  no  others  than  fecretaries,  chancellors.  Sec.  left  they 
might  be  by  them  deceived,  and  alfo  another  called  their  privy, 
fecret,  or  counter-feal ;  contra  figUlum.,  contre  feau,  with  which 
they  fometimes  fealed  inftruments  of  order  or  fiats  previous  to 
their  grants,  fometimes  alfo  the  grants  themfelves,  with  both  at 
once  diftindt.  Lit.  Pat.  Alain  le  Long  dat.  die  20  Maii,  indid.  11.. 
an.  ab  incarnat.  verbi  689.  Ilift.  de  Bretagne,  liv.  L  c.  28. 
"  A6la  fuerunt  hsec  in  urbe  Occefinorenti  fub  noll:ro  magno  11- 
"  gillo  &  ftgno  manual!  &  etiam  fub  fignis  manvialibus  comi» 
"  tum  Cornubienfis  &:  Leonenfis  8c  alior." 

In  imitation  of  their  fovereigns  the  nobility  and  prelates,  whofe 
property  and  the  right  of  dividing  and  invefting  their  inferiors  and 
vafTals  in  feud  encreafed,  took  on  them  as  fuperior  lords  of  the  fee 
to  ufe  their  great  feals  alfo  ;  and  in  contradiitindion  thereto  had 
their  private  feals  and  counter-feals  alfo,   an  impreffion  whereof 

*  Jer.  xxii.  24.  -j-  Daniel,  xi.  9.  \  lb.  ver.  17. 

\\  I  Kings,  xxi.8.  §  Mattli.  xxvii.  uk,  "'*  xxxvii.  c. 

-}"[■    I.  c.  125. 

thoy 


38  MR.     JOHNSON'S    DISSERTATION 

they  frequently  ftamped  on  the  back  or  reverie  of  the  impreilion 
of  their  great  feals ;   and  though  their  notaries,  lecretaries,    and 
other  keepers  of  their  evidences,  kept  their  great  fea],  they  them- 
felves,  as  kings  did,  contrived  to  carry  the  fecret  feals  or  lignets 
on  their  own  fingers  *.      Hence  v\^as  that  feal  called  alfo  a  feal  ma- 
nual, and  hence  thofe  inftances  given  by  the  late  learned  Mr. 
Madox,  in  his  Formulare  Anglicanum,  who  in  the  XXIIl'^fe6lioii 
of  his  prefatory  differtation  concerning  our  ancient  charters  and 
inftruments,  fpeaking  of  fubfignation  and  fealing,  fol.  xxviii,  fays, 
befides    the  principal  feal   they    (i.  e.  princes  and  great  men) 
often  ufed  anciently  a  counter-feal,  which  feems  to  have  been  the 
privy  feal  of  the  party,  and  in  the  circumfcription  of  it  isfometimes 
called  ex\)i't{s\y  fecretum  ox  figillumfecreti.      Vide  ibidem,  Form. 
XLVi.  fol.  27,  ccLXVi.  fol.  159,  cccviii.  fol.  1 86,  and  the  draw- 
ing of  an  impreilion  of  an  oval  feal  in  the  Minutes  of  the  Spalding 
Society,  25th  March,  1 7  3 1,  where  the  head  feems  to  be  the  work 
of  a  more  ancient  and  fuperior  tafte  to  the  time  of  that  charter, 
\'\z.  Henry  VIIl's  reign  ;  but  it  is  fuppofed  the  infcription 
SeCReTVM   ROBeRTI    D€  FGRRARIIS 

was  there  added  to  an  antique  intaglia  by  that  nobleman  to  make 
it  his  privy  feal,  which  probably  he  wore  as  an  ornament  on  his 
finger ;  for  till  fome  time  after  Richard  I'st  return  from  the  Holy- 
Wars  coats  and  crefts  were  not  of  general  ufe  on  any  feals,  and 
throughout  we  find  thofe  fort  of  feals  to  have  been  frequently  en- 
graven, efpecially  if  belonging  to  prelates  or  noblemen,  with  de- 
vices, which  are  very  often  rebufles,  or  a  fort  of  refemblance  or  pun 
on  the  parties'"  name,  as  the  owner  of  this  very  feal  might  be  called 

*■  Alan  duke  of  Bretagne  figns  his  will,  A.D.  889,  with  his  ring,  *•  Annolo 
"  noilro  inhgniii  judimus."     lobineau,  II.  p.  43. 

+  "  Circa  hoc  tempus  (A.D.  1218)  donaini  in  figillis  modo  Iblito  habebant  equi- 
"  tcs  armatos  cum  gladiis,  &  in  dorfo  figiilormn  de  novo  arma  fua  pofuerunt  in  cuds." 
Rols  of  Warw.  eclit.  Ileal ne,  p.  I9*'.    Dngd.  Warwick,  p.  6^3. 

Camel^ 


ON     A     SEAL    RING     OF     AMETHYST.  39 

Camely  or  Camelin,  Camelus,  and  Canielinus,  figaifying  the  fame, 
or  which  founded  fomething  hke  it. 

Hoppingius,  in  his  treatife  De  jure Jigillorum^  c.  I.  §  III.  59. 
fays,  "  Ui plurimumfigillumfecretum  7iominatum  quod dom'mus illud 
**  in  fecreto  habeat.""  Confer  Fulv.  Pacian.  1.  II.  de  prob.  c.  40. 
Again,  c.  4.  §  II.  85.  Privatum figillum  ejl  ad  alios  pertinens  ;  and  it 
feems  they  were  ufed  for  teftimony  only,  and  adds  therefore  wo- 
men may  have  them,  but  tliatthey  did  not  authenticate  more  than 
an  atteftvition,  and  cites  Nich.  Everhard,  tradt.  de  fid.  inftr.  c.  XII. 
II.  5.  Houthem.  de  art.  notoriat.  c.  XI..  i?.  29.  Innocent.  Pa- 
normit.  in  cap.  int.  dileitos  N°  3.  de  fid.  inft.  re  off.  ad  Conft. 
Reg.  trail,  de  literis  obUg.  art.  i..  gloIT.  7.  11.  9.  &:  1.  2.  c.  de 
rebus  alien.  &  non  alien.  Vide  lord  Coke's  2d  inftitute,  fol.  554. 
fignetum.  Bilhop  Nicolfon's  Eng.  Hili.  lib.  pt.  III.  fol.  241,  242, 
243.      Bra6lon,  1.  II.  c.  16.  §  12.. 

But  in  our  law  any  fuch  feal,  or  even  that  of  another  party,  or 
of  any  corporate  body,  if  mentioned  in  the  inftrument  itfelf  to  be 
affixed  for  that  purpofe  (as  frequent  inftances  of  fuch  occur)  did 
authenticate,,  ratify,,  and  confirm  the  donation  or  contrad:. 

According  to  Rofs  of  Warwick,  the  great  feals  of  fubjeils  feeni 
to  have  been  difufed  about  1366  entirely,  when  fmaller  feals  of 
ai'ms  came  generally  into  ufe  among  people  of  the  firft  faQiion. 
"  Fojl  captionem  Jobannis  regis  Franc ia;  dofuini  atque  generoji reliBi's 
"  Imaginibus  equitum  infigillispofuerunt  armajua  inparvisfcutis'-K^* 
But,  befides  the  feals  ufed  in  his  feveral  courts  of  record  for 
iffuing  their  proper  procefs,  the  king,  as  lord  Coke  in  his  com- 
ment on  the  articuli  fuper  cbartas  as  cited  above  obferves,  has 
three  feals ;  viz.  his  fignet  or  fign  manual,  ever  in  the  caftody 
of  his  principal  fecretary,  for  fealing  bills,  as  warrants  for  the 
privy  feal.      His  privy  feal   (petit  Jean)  in  the   cuftody  of  fome 

*  Chron.  J.  Pvofli  in  Bibl.  Cotton. 

O-Lie 


40  MR,     JOHNSON'S    DISSERTATION 

one  of  the  privy  council  to  the  king,  called  lord  privy  feal,  or 
clerk  or  keeper  of  the  privy  feal  for  fealing  hills,  as  wanting  for 
the  great  feal  ;  his  great  or  broad  feal  ever  in  the  culiody 
of  the  high  chancellor  of  Great  Britain,  lord  keeper  of  the 
great  feal,  or  lords  commiffioners.  Si  quis  accufatus  f iter  it  vd 
convi£ius  quod  figillum  domini  regis  falfaverit  confignando  itide 
chartas  vel  brevia,  ^c.  regis  judicium  fujlinebit.  This  high 
treafon  is  fpoken  of  this  feal ;   Bra6t.  III.  f.  1 19. 

To  a  deed  poll  of  Robert  Gylbert  of  Stepyng,  and  Margery 
his  wife,  being  a  grant  of  lands  and  tenements  lying  on  the 
banks  of  the  Bayn,  were  affixed  two  feals  of  a  deep  coloured  red 
wax  on  two  fcrips  of  parchment  drawn  through  the  bottom  and 
folded  up,  and  cut  to  let  them  through  ;  the  impreffion  of  the 
hufband's  feal  is  defaced  :  his  wife's  is  a  great  R.  Both  feals  were 
covered  with  the  leaves  of  fome  plants  whilft  foft,  part  thereof 
ftill  flicking  on  them.  It  is  very  well  written  for  the  age,  on 
very  thin  parchment. 

Mr.  Johnfon,  fecretary,  read  to  the  Society  a  letter  to  him 
from  John  Rowell,  fen.  efq.  prefident  of  the  Society  at  Peter- 
borough, and  member  of  this,  in  anfwer  to  his  differtation,  July 
25,  1734,  on  the  above  feal,  approving  the  conjedtures  thereon, 
except  that  he  does  not  take  the  impreffion  to  have  been  fre- 
quently defigned  as  a  rebus,  nor  fo  in  this  inftance.  He  con- 
demns the  ufe  of  the  word  Jignetum  as  a  barbarifm  only  of  the 
common  lawyers,  who  ufe  it  for  annulus Jignatoriui,  which  when 
fpoken  of  the  king  lord  Coke*  fhews  plainly  the  fignet  is  his 
majefly's  fecond  feal  or  feal  manual,  to  diftinguifli  it  from  the 
privy  feal  -f . 

But  this  feems  juftifiable  from  other  fuch  derivatives,  and  is  a 
termination  of  diminution.     As  of  cygnus  a  fwan  we  call  the 

*  Ubi  fupra. 

I  Articuli  fupra  Chartas,  id  Inft.  554. 

2  pulli 


O   N      A       SEAL       RING.,  4^ 

/'«///  cygnorum^  cygnetts.  So  oi  figniim  a  large  foal,  wo.  call  a 
■leii  a  fignet.  Our  learned  countryman  Dr.  Skynner,  in  his 
Etymologicon  of  our  language,  fays,  a  French,  G.  J'gnet^  figit- 
ium^  v/hence  the  \Ko\:<\fignare^  i.  -e.  figillare^  q.  <\.  fignattan^  As'^' 
hwi^  which  feems  a  hctrcr  rcafon  for  its  being  fo  called  than  that 
of  Aldronandus  cited  by  Iloppingius,  c.  L  63,  where  he  lays, 
"  Gain  ^  Belga;  viilgo  un  fignet,  annullu'm  fignatorium  dicujif 
"  quia  fc.  familice  fuce  inftgne  ei  fit  imprejpum.^^ 

The  intaglias  ufed  for  feals  or  counter-feals,  have  modern  in- 
fcriptions  round  the  collets  of  gold  wherein  thefe  antiques  were 
fet,  which  no  way  explain  them,  but  evince  that  the  perfons 
who  fo  applied  them  were  entirely  ignorant  of  their  delign,  as 
has  been  Ihewn  by  Mr.  Anftis,  in  his  dilTertation,  the  abridge^- 
ment  whereof  by  Mr.  Drake  was  communicated  to  this  Society  ; 
and  as  may  appear  to  any  one  who  reads  the  two  Ibeets  of  feals, 
engraved  by  our  ingenious  fellow  member  Mr.  George  Vertue, 
by  ordet',  and  at  the  expence  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of 
London,  which  may  from  ftatues,  medals,  or  other  gems  be  exw 
plained ;  in  order  to  which  Mr.  Johnfon  fet  them  down,  with 
proper  references  to  the  engraving,  and  alfo  to  the  authorities 
lliewn  -to  illulk'ate  them. 

Plate  A.  The  counter  feal  of  Sir  RicrtARD  Nelson,  baron  of 
Halton,  and  conftable  of  the  caitle  of  Chefter,  marked  A.  and 
circumfciibed  ^  SeCReTVM  DOMINI  ^  CELO  FERO  ReSGRO,  the 
imi>rei?ion  Venos  KaXAwu/o;  of  Syracufc,  as  on  the  reverfe  of  the 
coins  of  the  Aphrodifians,  in  the  late  learrned  earl  of  Winche-lfea's 
coUedion,  flie  is  reprefented  fideways,  and  ftanding  naked  by  a 
pillar,    whereon  is  the  golden  prize  adjudged  her  by  Paris. 

B.  Thomas  Oswy's  feal.  The  impreffion  feems  from  the 
countenance  and  coifure,  to  ^be  the  'head  of  Sappho,  the  Lefbiaii 
poetefs.  So  in  a  noble  large  Mitylenean  gold  medal,  in  the 
calledtion  ^f  the  Hon.  Sir  Hans  Sloane^   bart.   prefident  of  the 

G  Royal 


4^  M  R,,   J  O  li  N  S  O  N  *  S     DISSERTATION^ 

Royal  Society,,  and  a  mofl  v;orthy  mernber  of  this.     So  Pine'-^ 
Horace,    vol.11,    p.  150. 

G.  Robert  Ferrers,  earl  of  Derby  \, acrofs  TV  MeMOR eSTO  M€U 
The  impreffion  feems  from  the  countenance  and,  cap  to  be  the. 
head  of  king  Priam.  So  in  Fabretti  and  Pine's  Horace,  vol.  I^ 
p.  87. 

D.  Counter-feal  of  the  abbey  of  Abenbon  in.  Berkfliire^ 
The  imprefllon,  very  large,,  feems  a  buft  of  Apollo,  as  in  Mont- 
laucon. 

E.  John.  lord.BASSEx's  feal,  with  his  names  cirrAimfcribed,. 
Impreffion  an  head. 

F.  Ralbh  ,  Banbury's.  seijL  .  TRl.ve .  pevT  .  eTTue  .  ceL ,. 
Impreffion  an  head.. 

Plate  B, 

A.  The  counterfeal  of  Roger  de  Lacy,  conftable  of  the; 
cafiles  ofChefter  and  Pontefradt  to  a  leal  of  St.  John  the  Evan- 
gelift  of  Pontefradl:^  who  being  in  divers  parts  of- Greece,  and  at 
the  fiege  of  Aeon,  with  our,  king  Richard  I,  might  bring  this 
gem  home  with  him  : 

hIh  VIRGO  :  eST  :  PLGCT  VS  :  H!  i  DOMINO  : 
The  bull  rai  hero  with  an  helmet,  his  face  turned  towards  . 
the  left  flioulder,   perhaps  Diomedes,     So  in  Urfinus.  and  Pine's. 
Horace,   v.  II,  p.  iig. 

B.  Sir  Richard  jERNYiNGHAM,    lo-H.  VIII.     An  head. 

C.  Counterfeal  of  Ilj CHARD  I.   abbot  of  Selby,  in  the  county;., 
of  York,  about  1220.     On  the  cplkt,  .  , 

y^  CffPVD  .  NQSTRVM  .  CIIRISTVS  .  €ST. 
The  head  of:th.e  emperor  Honor! u,s,  circumfcribed  on  the  flonQv: 

itfelf,  D N.HON ORIVS  AVG:. 

D.  Thomas  de  Verdon,     An  head. 

E.  ..  Counterfeal  of  Rich  A.RD  (probably  3d)  abbot  of  AbingdoHj  , 
about  1235, 

^  m  PRIM  Cipro  eRAT  veuBV, 

An  head. 

5-  .  When 


ON       A       SEAL        R   1    N    Ci.  ^), 

When  I  had  the  plcafvire  af  cotamunicating  from  Mr.  Drake 
the  extracft  of  Mr.  Anftis'  treatife  (which  occalloilcd  the  publica- 
tion of  tliefe  plates),  I  fliewed  this  Society  feveral  inftances  of 
•antiques  fo  iifed,  fome  iii  other  prints,  and  others  on  I'eals  in  my 
own  pofTelTion  •■'•.  The  pradtice  being  antiently  j)rcTty  common 
^vith  communities  and  great  men,  and  much  more  plaulible  than 
-fetting  thei*  round  bowls,  cups,  bracelets,  cabinets,  cafketsij 
■and  watch  chains. 

Mr.  Johnfon,  fecretary,  Hiewed  the  Society  the  print  from  an 
imprcflion  of  a  great  round  leal,  circnmfcribed 

y^  SIGTLLViAI  DKI  WILLGLMI  FILII  OTII. 
An  elderly  man,  with  a  round  clole  cap  or  bonnet  on  his  hcadj 
a  long  loofe  robe  over  his  veft  or  clofe  coat  down  to  his  feet,  fit- 
ting fideways  in  a  low  large  feat,  having  a  cuneus  or  coining 
hammer  in  his  right,  and  a  broad  fvvord  held  upright  in  his  left 
hand.  Cuneus^  coin,  a  cudendo^  fabricando  moneta'm^  and  he 
■bbferved  to  the  Society,  that  although  Camden,  in  Philipot's  edi- 
tion of  his  Remains,  p.  184,  fays,  Otho,  a  German,  was  the 
principal  amongft  thofe  Eallerlings  famous  for  making  good 
■money  (whence  comes  the  word  EjUrling  or  Sterling)  in  Richard 
I's  time,  and  \\\\q  in  old  records  is  called  Qtbo  Cuneaior^  who  rofe 
to  fuch  wealth,  that  Thomas  his  fon,  furnamed  Fitz  Otbp,  mar- 
ried one  of  the  coheirelTes  of  Beanchamp,  baron  of  Bedford,  was 
lord  of  Mendlefl:iam  in  Suffolk,  and  held  in  fee  to  make  the  coin- 
ing flamps  ferving  for  all  England,  which  office  defcended  by  an 
heir  general  to  the  baron  Boutetour,  Sec.  yet  it  appears  by  that, 
commonly  called  the  Magnus  Rofuhis^  5  Steph.  16,  a.  as 
■cited  by  Madox  in  his  Hiftory  of  the  Exchequer,  fol.  345,  that 
Stephen  Erchembakl's  fon  gave  10  marks  of  fdver  for  flaying  a 
man  of  William  Fitz  Otho.  If  that  be  this  fame  ;  and  that  mofl 
venerable  record  be  of  18  H^nry  I.  (as  Madox  gives  good  reafon 
to  'believe  it)   then  this  mint  mafter  muft  have  lived  earlier,  or 

*  Many  more  indanccs  might:  be  fjiecified  from  the  three  fucceeding  plates  of 
fsals  publiflied  by  the  Society,  and  marked  C.  D.  E. 

G  -S  *to 


44-  MR..    JOKKNSO-N'S     DISSERTATION 

to  a  great  age,  and  his  father  Otho  have  been  brought  in  by  that 
king  Henry  I.  as  I  apprehend  about  i  125,  when  he  fo  feverely 
handled  all  the  minters  of  bad  money  through  England,  as  Mat- 
thew Paris,  a  coaeval  hiftorian^  relates  :  "  Omnes  Angl'nz  mone^ 
"  tarios  eo  quod  monetam  furtive  corruperant  fecit  turpiter  evien- 
''  tulari &'  manus  dextras prcecidi^''  as  in  archbifliop  Parker's  edi- 
tion publiflied  anno  11 25.  Here  I  take  the  clofa  cap  or  coif, 
the  long  robe  and  fword,  to  be  enfigns  of  his  great  jurifdidlion 
and  authority  over  the  ni^any  mints,  and  the  cuneus  or  hammer  of 
his  proper  office.  So  in  the  feal  of  Robert  Grimbald,  a  judge  ia 
Henry  the  fecond's  time,  a  cut  whereof  is  in  Mon.  Ang.  II.  278, 
and  Dugdale's  Orig.  Jurid..  p.  loo.,  the  circuaifcription  whereof 
is  ►Ji  siGiLLVM  ROBERTi  GRIMBALD.  that  juflicc  has  au  edged 
broad  fword  held  upright  in.  his  right  hand  for  juftice,  and  one 
broken  without  a  point  in  his  left  for  mercy,  which  by  granting 
reprieves  he  had  a  power  to  exercife.. 

The  bifliops  of  Durham,  as  being  counts  palatine,  and 
having  both  the  temporal  and  fpiritual  jurifdidlions,  were  reprcr 
fented  on  their  great  feals  enthroned,  in  their  pontificalibus, 
and  mitred,,  in.  the  pofture  of  giving  the  epifcopal  benediiflion 
(as  other  prelates)  on  the  one  fide,  but  attended  by  armed 
ixien  as  their  guards,  and  on  the  other,,  m  the  equipage  of 
armed  knights  on  horfe.back,  with  fword  and  fhield,  as  other 
temporal  great  lords,  and  warriors,,  as  in  Madox  Formulare  An-- 
glicanura,  in  the  plate  feal  of  John  Fordham,  bifliop  of  Durham, 
and  lord  treafurer  1 38  r,.  t.  R,  II.  and. of  Robert.Nevil,  1438,  t, 
II.  VI.  K"cxxxi.   f.  69,.  ib. 

Solum  Dunehnenfe  ji^dicat  Jlola  tS-  enfe.. . 

Give  me  leave  to  add  what  Hoppingus,  a  leapnecrcivilian, 
in  his  trcatile  "  Dejure  Sigillorura,"  fays,,  c.  4.  ^,6..jde.ufujigilii 
majoris.  "  Tali  utuntur  hi  q^ui  aut  jurifdi6lionem  habent  aut 
"  fu.nt  in  dignitate,  aut  referunt  communitatem  vel  collegium," 
aiidcit.es  Honthem,  B.  IV.  Art.  Notaj'.  c.  it,  12,  21,  p.  loi,  102,. 

Tha 


ON        A        SEAL        RING. 


45 


The  fcals  of  the  temporal  lords  I  have  obfcrved  are  of  a  round 
and  perfect  circle  fliape,  thofc  of  the  prelates  oval ;  but  the 
bifliops  of  Durham  are  round  only  on  the  throne  fide.  It  draws 
the  defign  fomeuhat  into  an  oval  by  the  bafc  and  pinnacle  work 
of  the  throne  breaking  in  at  top  and  bottom  into  the  legend.  By 
that  means  it  looks  like  our  epilcopal  feals  on  that  fide,  ami  yet 
tallies  with  the  counter- feal,  whereon  he  is  rcrpefentcd  en  ca'vaUrry 
and  perfetftiy  within  a  true  circle. 


1!.. 

On  a-MS.  of  St.  '^ViwV^  EpiJikSiWitbacopy  c/ the  plea  of  Pinenden-. 

Mr.  Johnlbn,  fecretary,  fliew'ed  the  Society  a  Latin  MS.  in 
quarto  of  the  Epillles  of  St.  Paul,, written  in  the  Saxon  charadcrs 
on  velom,  with  a  commentary  and  gloffary  throughout.  Tiiis 
book  formerly  belonged  to  the  abbey  of  Chrillat  Canterburv,  :\vs\ 
as  is  frequently  found  in  ancient  MSS.  had  prefixed  fome  records 
relating  thereto.  Before  this,  in  a  handcoacval  with  it,  is  that 
molt  remarkable  tranfaclion  which  is  related  and  celebrated  by 
our  mofl  learned  lawyers  in  the  plea  at  Pinenden,  impleaded  and 
tried  between  Lanfrank,  then  archbifl^iop  of' Canterbury,  plaintiff, 
and  Odo,  bifliop  of  Bayeux,  earl  of  Kent,  and  the  Conqueror's 
half  brother,  for  fifteen  manors,  two  townrtiips,  and  many  rights 
and  liberties  of  the  fee  of  Canterbury,  whereof  the  earl  had,  un- 
der colour  of  the  Conqiieroir's  grant,  diffeifed  and  difpoffeffcd 
archbifhop  Stigand,  the  plaintiff's  immediate  predeceiibr,  who 
being  a  Saxon,  and  having  oppofed  the  Normans,  was  highly  un- 
acceptable to  and  much  injured  by  them  at  that  Revolution  ;  in  i 
wchich-  by'  the.  folemn  judgement  of  the  court  the  plaintiff  pre- - 

vailed, , 


A^        MR.    ■]  0  II  N  S  O  N'S     DISSERTATION 

vailed,  and  had  jud^'emont  ngainll  the  intruder,  and  recovered 
all  thole  eilates,  rights  and  liberties  to  his  fee  ;  and  their  fentence 
was  formally  ratided  and  approved  by  the  king.  Eadmerus,  a 
learned  Saxon,  blfnop  of  St.  Andrews  and  abbot  of  St.  Albans,  in 
his  hiitory  of  tht)fc  tin^.es,  fob  9.  33,  34,  Sec.  gives  an  account  of 
it;  and  Seldcn,  in  his  Spicilegiuni  thereon,  from  a  MS.  in  the 
church  of  Rochefter,  gives  the  whole  pleadings  and  proceedings 
to  fhew^  the  method  of  proceeding  then  in  that  court,  and  the 
form  of  judgement,  which  Bacon,  in  his  Hiftorical  and  Political 
Difcourfes  of, our  Laws  and  Government,  parti,  c.  48.  fol.  82, 
cites  alfo  as  a  proof  that  caufes  of  the  grcateft  concernment  and 
between  the  noblefl:  perfonages  were  there  then  folemnly  ar- 
gued, tried,  and  deterinined,  upon  the  votes,  that  i-s  by  the  ver- 
dii5t,  of  the  freemen  of  the  county,  where  the  premifes  in  queftion. 
lay,  upon  a  writ  from  the  king  for  that  purpofe  dire6ted  ;  and  in 
Lambard's  time,  1576,  as  in  his  Perambulation  •'•-  of  the  county  of 
Kent,  fo.  178.  180,  he  faith  it  is  fet  in  the  midft  of  that  fliire, 
raid  thereof  moil:  meet,  and  the  IherifFs  held  their  county-courts 
there  ;  and  it  rook  its  name  from  Pinnian,  to  puni/Z^.  Lord  Chief 
Jurtice  Hales,  in  his  Hiftoryof  our  Common  Law  f,  makes  a  fur- 
ther and  more  notable  and  uoble  ufe  of  this  record,  8cc.  as  it 
proves  by  the  confequence  of  the  judgement,  and  the  archbifliop 
being  reitored  to  his  rights,  that  king  William,  the  Norman  Con- 
queror, was  not  even  by  himfelf  deemed  fuchover  the  realm, 
but  over  Harold,  whom,  and  his  abettors,  he  treated  as  intruders 
and  ufurpers  upon  him  and  his  dominion  of  England,  which  he 
claimed  by  feveral  other  better  and  rriore  elegible  titles  than  that 
tven  invidious  one  of  CDnqueft;  fo  that  though  this  was  Con- 
queJuSj  and  in  the  royal  ilyles  of  his  fuccefibrs  be  fo  written  by 
•the  lawyers,  yet  that  was  not  in  tire  fenfe  of  his  having  acquired 


-  -:*,ricceadcDe  hothe^  alias 'riQendeDe  heath.  t  Cap.  5.  p.  96,  p 7. 


a  right 


O  N     A    MS.    OF    ST.    PAUL'S     E  i'  I  S  T  L  E  S. 


47 


a  right  to  the  kingdom  by  N'letory,  hut  txs  they  called  every  eftate 
not  inherited  but  ac(|uired  by  that  term,  the  Frencli  fay  acqui- 
lition^  we  fliy  purcbaje  •••'. 

There  is  alio  in  this  MS.  fubjoined  to  the  fliid  plea  of  Penen- 
dene,  another  record,  very  pertinent  and  proper  thereto,  written 
alio  in  a  coicval  hand,  being  a  grant  or  charter  of  confirmation  ol' 
king  Henry  IIL  anno  1115,  of  all  their  ellates,  rights,  liber- 
ties, and  privileges,  to  archbiQiop  Radulf  the  Norman  and  the 
monks  of  Chriit  church  in  Canterbury,  correfponding  with  and  in 
confequence  of  that  judgement  which  archbifl^iop  Parker,  de  piw- 
fuUbus^  places  about  the  time  I  ha^'e. 

What  variance  upon  carefully  collating  this  -MS.  of  the  record 
of  this   family  plea,   with  that  publiilied  by  the  learned  Selden 
from  the  llochetler  MS.  as  between  them,  chiefly  arofe  from  the 
writer  of  the  Pvochefter  records  inferting  fome  few  words  bv  v>av 
of  explanation,-  perhaps  interleaved  or  marginatcd  at  fndl:,  aii;l 
crept  into  the  text  through  frequent  tranfcriptions,  as  [^articularlv 
a  fentence,  wherein  it  is  faid  that  the  archbilhop  reilored  Stokes,: 
Deventnne,  ,  and    Frankenfliam    to   the    church  of  St.   Andrev/^ 
(meaning  the  cathedral  or   fee  of  Rocheltcr,   dedicated  to   that  ^ 
faint)  becaufe  of  right  they   anciently  belonged  thereto -f- ;,  and. ; 
this  therefore  was  not  an  improper  or  ufciefs  additional  remark  . 
to  be  made  in  a  MS.   of  the  record  to  be  kept  in  the  archives  of 
Rochefter,.  being  proper  for  the  biOiops  of  that  churt:h  and  their  ' 
council  to  know  and  be.informad  of,  as  their  more  ancient  title 
under  the  SaKon  donors  of  thefe  towns  or  lands,  which  might  be 
taken  away  by  the  faid  earl  of  Kent,    or  otherwife  miflaid  or  loft,  . 
tkey  having  loft  their  poffeffion  and  enjoyment  of  the  premifles  for  . 
fome  years,  lb  recovered  for  and  reftored  to  them  by  tlie  arch-  - 
biftiop. 

*  Cou flumes    de   Normandicj  c.   422.     Spelman  GlofTar.   p.    145.  vor.   Coh- 
QUE-'STus.    Domac.  Prelim,  lib.  tir.  3.  11".  2,  31.     Braftcn,  lib.  i.  cap.  5.  i6.  18.  27.. 
i  Spicil.  in  Eadiner.  lyS.l. 4^, 

The..' 


4$  MR.      JOHNSON'S     DISSERTATION 

The  charter  runs  thus : 

*'  H.  Del  gfa  rex  Anglor',  cpis,comltib',^-)crriBs,  vicecomititis,  ceterifque  Tuis  fidc- 
libus  Francis  h  Anglis,  in  onniib'  comkatib'  in  quibus  archieps  Ravvlfus  &  monachi 
ecLte,  Xpi  Caiuuarie  tras  habent  amicabilit'  fal'.  Notum  vob'  facio  me  conceffifle 
oiunes  tras  quas  tempore  regis  Edwardi  cognati  mei  &  tempore  Will'  patris  mei  ha- 
buerr,  Sc  faca  &  focne  an  flrande  &  ftreame,  on  wudes  &  felde,  tolires  &  teaines,  & 
griihbrcces,  S:  h.irafocne,  &  forcflaelles,  &  infangefthiefes,  &  fiamene  feruche, 
fuper  fuos  homines,  infra  burgos&c  extra,  in  tantum  &  tam  plenarie  fic'  ppi  miniflri 
inei  cxerceie  debercnt." 

By  which  the  king  grants  to  the  archbifliop  and  monks  of 
Chrilt  church  in  Canterbury  all  the  lands  they  had  in  the  time 
of  king  Edward  the  Confeflbr  his  kinfman,  and  king  William  the 
Conqueror  his  father,  with  the  jurifdidtion  and  feignory,  both 
by  land  and  water,  in  wood  grounds,  and  champaign  country, 
tolls  and  vaiTalage,  and  holding  pleas  of  the  breach  of  the  peace, 
and  houfe- breakers,  and  niiifances  in  the  ways,  and  felons  there 
taken,  and  to  have  the  goods  of  fugitives,  over  all  the  tenants, 
as  well  within  towns  as  in  the  country,  as  fully  and  in  like  man- 
ner as  the  king's  officers  ufed  to  take  them. 


in.   D///er^ 


MURRIIINE        VESSELS,  *? 


III. 

t>ilfcrt(ilion  on  Murrhine  Vejfds^  f^wing  that  they  'vere  probabh 

■In  the  Roman  laws  and  their  hiHorians  and  poets  we  find  fre- 
quent mention  of  niurrbina  and  murrbea  vafa  as  of  very  great 
price  and  efteem.  Thele  are  niually  tranllated  porcelane\  and 
lince  our  more  general  commerce  with  China  and  ufe  of  their 
tea  and  china  ware,  Bulinger,  in  his  learned  treatife  ^'  De  Con- 
viviis,"  leaves  it  (^from  what  various  old  authors  have  occafionally 
faid)  doubtful  what  thefe  were  made  of.  It  is  plain  princes  and 
•other  great  peifons  had  Ibme  of  them  of  larger  iizes  than  ufuai, 
which  was  that  of  our  wine  glaffes.  But  Pompey  the  Great  pre- 
fented  Jupiter  with  fix  rummers  of  this  fort,  Augullus  was 
fond  of  a  goblet  of  it  he  had  prefented  to  him.  Petronius  broke 
a  bowl  of  it  v/hich  coft  1500  /.  and  Nero  gave  as  much  for  a  de- 
canter or  ewer  of  the  fame  kind.  Pliny  and  Pratceus  fpeak  of  it 
as  a  precious  Ifone  dug  out  of  the  bowels  of  the  earth  as  cryilal. 
Seneca,  Propertius,  Martial,  and  Julius  Capitolinus  fecm  to  think 
it  not  natural  but  artificial,  and  a  vitrifatftion.  Hence,  and  moft 
probably  from  the  difficulties  of  dillinguifhing,  and  to  beat  down 
the  exorbitant  prices  given  for  it,  the  Roman  emperors  l.  3. 
de  flip.  Jega.  determined  of  thefe  and  cryftalline  veiiels,  at  in 
gefnmis  ejje  negarentur  licet  perlucidaffsiit^  and  in  l.  3.  de  fu- 
pell.  leg.  Hence  I  conceive  they  ivere  really  origijttilly  cut  out  oftbs 
^gatCy  niuch  of  which  is  tranfparent,  though  not  fo  clear  as  rock 
•cryftal,  and  fome  of  it  elegantly  veined  and  fpotted,  or  maculous 
{of  which  I  have  feen  various  vellels,  and  a  large  fet  of  cups  and 
faucers,  in  the  colledion  of  Mr.  Sadler,  clerk  of  the  pells)  ;  but  in 
procefs  of  time  many  were  made  or  caft  in  imitation  of  them,  as 

H  of 


SP  MR.    JOHNSQN'S     DISSERTATION     ON 

of  cryftal  likcvvile,  and  all  kind  of  gems,  by  chemiltr}',  and  j^er- 
haps  out  of  the  finely  powdered  pieces  of  thefe  fubftances  vi- 
trifled;  the  high  price  veliels  of  agate  or  mocho  ilone,  crylhil  and; 
cameos,  and  intaglia,  cut  out  of  or  funk  in  gems,  gave,  making 
it  well  worth  the  chemift's  while  to  try  many  operations  to  pro- 
duce a  referablance  of  things  fo  highly  efteemed  and  Ibught  after 
by  fovereigns  and  learned  and  curious  perfons. 

But  I    cannot  for  thefe  reafons  concur  with    Scaliger  in    his. 
Exercitationes,  or  Monf.  Saumaife,  that  they  were  any  thing  like 
China  ware   (the  thinneft  of  which,  called  the  eggfiell^  is  fcarce 
diaphanous)  ;  or  that  they  were,  as  it  is  rendered,  porfelan  quafi 
procellanea^  qui  Je  in  Q^iXv^Jeii  locis  Jubterraneis  per  mult  as  estates, 
fepeliye  crediintur,  which  etymon  feems  to  ferve  our  learned  coun- 
tryman Dr.  Skinner.      But  I  would  fubmit  it  to  the  company  whe- 
ther, as  the  found  and  power  of  the  liquids  are  much  the  fame,, 
and  they  are  by  grammarians  convertibly  ufed,  ^^■e  may  not  ra- 
tlier  fuppofe  porJe\an  quafi  porfenanea  without  any  other  change 
than  that  of  an  /  for  ;z,  and  derive  it  from  Porfenna,   king  of- 
Etruria,  in  which  was  Arezzo,  of  which  Martial,  L.  XIV.  epig.  98, 
Aretina  nimis  nefpernas  'vaja  tmnemus. 
Give  me  leave  to  add  another  conjecfture ;   that  as  the  fi:ains 
and  fpots  of  various  colours  rendered  thefe  ftones  when  cut  and 
25olilhed  more  valuable,  as  they  are  alfo  now  esteemed  if  the  mam 
of  the  fubftance  be  pure   and  pellucid,   fo  the  chemifis  might 
have  a  method  of  fi;riking  colours  into  the  real  agate,  and  fo  I, 
would  account  for  and  explain  Propertius,  lib.  IV.  dl,  ix.  6. 
Mi'.rrheaqiie  m  Far  this  poculis  coc'fafocis. 


IV.  Di/Ter^ 


0' 


FRANCHISES   ani.>    COUNTIES    P  A  I.  A  T  I  N  K.     a 

IV. 

DlJJertathn  on  Francbifes  and  Counties  Palatine. 

Although  our  fovereign  lord  the  king  be  undoubtedly  fupremc 
liead  both  of  our  church  and  Itate,   and  all  the  lands  th^srein  are 
of  him  holden  ^z/ov'/j- ;;^or/io,  as  dominus  Juperior  thereof;  yet,  by 
the  indulgence  of  his  majefty's  royaf  progenitors,  and  under  their 
grants,  confirmed  or  ratified  by  the  approbation  and  fancSlion  of 
the  peoj)le  in  parliament,  feveral  of  his  fubjedt-s  (notwithllandino- 
their  powers  have  been  much  impaired  by  the  various  revolutions 
in  the  ftate,  and  the  fiatute  of  27  Hen.  VIII.  for  re-continuing  li- 
berties in  the  crown)  have  ftill   fome^'w^  regalia^  tbough  much 
diminiflied  by  that  wholefome  law,   which,   though  it  deprived 
them  of  their  almofi:  regal  power  of  pardoning  felonies,  coining 
money,  Sec.  yet  left  them  their  profits,  and  an  affurance  of  beinc 
of  courfe  in  commiffion   for  the  adminiftration  of  public  jufiicc 
equal  with  their  fellow  fubjefts  ;   whereas  before  the  great  change 
that  a<5t  introduced,  fome  few  great  men,  from  the  earlieft  ages, 
had  retained   or  obtained    the  higheft  n^arks  and  exercifed  the 
ultimate  a6fs  of  fovereignty,  fuch  as  holding  their  parliaments,  ap- 
pointing their  chancellors  and  judges,    pardoning  felonies,   and 
coining  money,  as  the  Roytelets  among  the  Britons  and  Saxons 
here  had  done  ;   and  I  take  the  few  comites  we  read  of  at  the  time 
of  the  Roman  invafion,  to  have  been  a  fort  of  petit  fovereigns, 
fometimes  liyled  rcguU   by  hiftorians   and   records,   which  Ihew 
they  had  retained  and  did  exercife  thofe  powers  within  their  re- 
fpeclive  precindls  or  jurifdiitions  all  along,   from  the  re-uniting 
the  Heptarchy  to  that  time.      Thus  the  Conqueror,  as  he  is  com- 
monly called.,  created  Hugh  Lupus,  his  filler's  fon,  earl  of  Chefter. 

H  2  'Totumque 


52  MR.    JOHNSON'S     DISSERTATION    ON 

foi  unique  ijliim  comitatum  ten  ej^dum  fibi^  hcvredibus  fuh  it  a  UBere- 
ad  gladium  ficut  ipfe  rex  tenebat  Angliam  ad  corona?n  dedit ;.  by 
which  grant,  fays  lord  Coke-,  that  earl  hadj^^r^  regalia  w\l\\\^ 
that  county,  and  confequently  had  cofnitatum palatinuni  (a  parlia- 
ment and  peers,  with  other  great  officers,  as  chancellor  and  judges,, 
thereto  belonging)  without  any  exprels  words  therof ;  and  by 
force  therof  he  accordin^^lv  created  eioht  Chefliire  barons  to  con- 
llitute  his  upper  houfe  in  his  great  council  for  governing  his 
palatinate,  which  was  the  firft  vilible  mark  of  a  county  palatine, 
and  moli  confpicuous  antl  folemn  exercife  of  his  power  above  that 
of  an  officiary  earl,  wlio  held  the  county  not  only  of,  but  for,  the 
crown  ;  and  though  this  and  Lancalier  are  come  into  the  crown 
again  long  fince,  yet  they  retain  their  own  chancery,  chief  juftices, 
chamberlains,  great  feals,  accomptants,  Iheriffs,  and  other  officers, 
and  officers  both  for  equity,  common  law,  and  matters  of  revenue. 
J)r.  Holland  rightly  tranilates  the  words  of  this  grant  to  be  holdeii 
as  freely  by\  his  fword  as  the  king  himfelfheld  England  by  his 
crown,  which  Camden  approved  |.  And  whereas  the  common 
procefs  in  criminal  cafes  runs  contra  coronam^  dignitatetn  regis,  in- 
Gheffiij-e  they  run  contra  dignitatem  gladii  CeJiricC  \\.  Coke 
and  Camden  name  but  eight  temporal  barons  §  of  Chefliire,, 
quifuas  curias  habuerunt  libera^  de  ofnnibus  placitis  ^  qucrciis,  ex^ 
ceptis  p/acitis  ad  gladium  zo\\\\X\%  pertinentibus,  as  the  national" co.w- 
mune  concilium  conffficd  of  fome  clergy  as  well  as  laity.  Wen- 
cellaus  Hollar  has  given  us  a  print  of  this  prince,  Hugh  Lupus,, 
earl  of  Cheiterj  litting  in  parliament,  with  the  barons  and  abbots, 
of  that  county  palatine,  the  fword-bearer,  the  abbot  of  St.  Wer-* 
burg  and  others  mitred,  with  the  arms  of  their  houfes  over  them,, 
'4S  the  earl's  is  over  his  head,   and   his  herald  and  four  temporal: 

*  3  Infl.  foj.  2  11.  •}"  Spclman  reads  per  for  ad. 

X  BriranniLi,  Chefliire,  fo!.  6ii.  [i  f^uiler,  Worth,  p.  171. 

§^Camd.  ib.  547.     Spelm.  GloiTar,  70.. 

"baronsj, 


THE      ASSIZE       OF      BREAD.  S3 

barons,  all  in  robes  of  ftatc,  and  their  heads  covered ;  on  his 
left  the  clerk  of  his  parliament  writing  at  a  table  before  him, 
and  the  gentlemen  of  his  lower  houfe,  or  commonsj  ftanding  un- 
covered at  the  bar  of  the  houfe  •'••. 


Or.  the  AlJize  of  Bread, 

Mr.  Johnfbn  the  fccretary  fliewed  the  Society  a  MS.  roll  on. 
vellum,  three  feet  fix  inches  long,  and  tep  inches  wide,  at  the 
top  whereof  was  a  Ihield  with  thcfe  arms,  A.  a  jilam  crofs  G.. 
in  the  firft  quarter,  a  iword  hilted  O.  in  the  fecond  and  third,  and 
an  open  crown  O.  The  roll  is  then  divided  into  fix  columns, 
each  marked  with  large  black  crolFes  and  Gothic  numeral  letters, 
fuperfcribed  thus  over  the  ilrft  column,  gii  jtai  rotoc  ts  \t  tuljatc, 
and  under  it  a  flieaf  of  corn  gilded.  Under  that,  in  a  column 
down  to  ■^  >b  (i.e.  20.)  are  numbers  in  Gothic  numerals  drawa 
with  Vermillion,  as 

tr:  1  1 1  tt  [  W^  !  \\\. 

There  were  feveral  writs  (faith  Mr.  Pulton  in  his  Kalendar  of 
Statutes,  foh  446.  B-)  by  thcftatutes  intituled  Fanis  ^  Cere'vifia^ 
Stat,  pants ^  ^c.  Judicium  colBjlrigH.  Stat,  de  pi/lor i bus  ^ 
braccatoribus^  &c.  made  25  Henry  HI.  and  51  Edward  I.  aU'effed 
of  the  waftel  bread,  fuch  as  cakes  were  made  of  the  finell  flour, 
from  gajieauy  libujn,  placenta^thQ  cimnial  or  fimnell)  Jiniila^,  the 
Gockett  or   bifcuit  bread,   and  the  houfliold  breadj   according  to 

*  This  print,  and  feveral  others  of  his  engraving  and  etching,  were  done,  as  I. 
have  been  informed,  for  illuftrating  an  intended  edidon  of  Cair.den's  Briiannia  in 
folio., 

die- 


54  UR.    JOHNSON'S    DISSERTATION    ON 

the  price  of  v/heat  rifing  and  falling,  between  twelve  pence  and 
iix  pence  the  quarter,  as  contained  in  the  v/ritings  of  the 
marihalfcy  of  the  faid  lord  the  king,  whereof  I  take  the  roll  to 
be  a  copy. 

Over  the  fccond  column  in  the  faid  roll  as  on  a  fcroll  or  label 
Tas  the  former  and  following),  31''  P^^  fo^^  's  Is  ftip^'^nc^  tDaffcU. 
Thereunder  a  cake  in  gold  and  numerals  down  the  column,  an- 
i" vering  in  proportion  to  thofe  of  the  wheat. 

Over  the  third  column,   jc  fcrj^ng  toljilc  lotje,    and  a  figure  of  it 
gilded,  with  the  numbers  thereunder,  8cc.  as  of  the  laft,  r;iteably. 
Over  the   fourih  column,  |-c  l)alpcniiT!to!)ite  Ictjc,    and  a  larger  fi- 
gure of  the  like  form,  with  the  numbers  thereunder. 

On  the  fifth,  |  c  l;alpcniii'  toljctcn  loijf,  with  the  like  figure,  but 
broader,  and  the  figure  thereunder.  This  in  king  John's  t^^Z/Jja 
pLinis  is  called  lova^  loaf. 

Over  the  fixth  and  lalt  column  in  the  row  is  ]c  Ijalj^cnnr  !;orfe 
Jol'C,  with  a  figure  of  a  loaf  in  a  circle  thus  : 


A  painted  wreath  in  a  ftrait  line  divides  all  thefe  heads  from 
the  numerals  thereunder  following  in  each  column  ;   and   under 
the  lalf  figure  of  the  firll  column  is  written,  \t  Tdiifecr  ffcflU  be  alotucD 
i\t  quart' |fcr  fcrn«sc  ms.     This  in  the  flatute  is  duos  panes  ad  furna- 
gimn  :  thereunder  tljc  13aUcr,  and  his  picture  illumined  in  red  and 
gold  thrufling  a  loaf  into  an  oven  on  a  peel  or  long  fiat  inflru- 
ment,  broad  at  one  end,  and  on  the  oven  lie  two  faggots,  bufca.,  of 
thorn-bufli.      Under  the  two  next  columns,  \m  jorncj?  nis.  mj.  cb. 
In  the    ffatute  tres  fervientes   (4  in  king  John's)   at   iiii  oboli. 
Thereunder,    11  jocRCBincii,    with  their  pictures,    one    in  lihie  the 
other  in  red  coats.     Under  the  fourth  column,  anofc:  ttuo};agi^s  iDob. 
In   the  flatute   duos  gar  clones.      In    king  John's    but  one    qua- 
drailt;  thereunder  1 1  prtsps,  with  their  pidures,  one  ih  blue,  the  other 
5  -  •  iti 


THE      ASSIZE.      OF      BREAD.  55 

in  red  coats.  All  their  clothes  and  llockings  are  party  per 
pale  of  different  colours,  as  court-cards ;  their  cai)s  or  honets 
gokl.  hi  tb.c  Ihilute  Injak  oh.  in  gejlo  (which  we  y-^W  yejl)  ob.gejla. 
Rot.  Joh'is.  Under  tlic  fifth  column,  licniic  cb.  fultc  ob.  there- 
under tliC  words  farrme,  falfc,  and  veffcls  containing  them. 
Under  the  lad  column,  "  Canadt  ob.  for  brccnie."  Thereunder  "  Cmi- 
"  Del  fliiD  f!;c  ttibbc,"  in  bultdlo  locando^  the  bolting-tub  ;  buktello, 
Rot.  Joh'is,  with  a  pidure  of  one  as  at, a  table  forming  the  pafte 
into  bread,  \t  t^i)  Dcssc  ob.  another  weighing  it  in  a  large  pair  of 
hanging-fcales,  and  a  bran-tub  and  dog  tied,  with  candles  hang- 
ing over  him,  and  a  perpendicular  ftaff  wreathed  by  the  peribii 
who  fits  making  the  bread.  In  king  John's  ctjji/a  panis  in  biijca^ 
i.  e.  faggots,  the  fame  as  furnage  *.  Under  all  ihefe  figures, 
very  ill  drawn  and  painted  without  any  regard  had  to  propor- 
tions or  perfpecftive,  which  rudenefs  may  fliew  the  antiquity,  is 
TftTitteny 

\)i%  ts  fbe  fvff  of  iiU  ntancr  of  Irctsc  cf  lyfiaf  ttjnncf  of  grcrnc  cf  cornc  foctjcr 
¥t  Ijit  be  S)tt  Slir.l!  be  tet^n  After  \t  fectljv'iig  ujAllcIt;  for  tlje  fcmcnctt  fcljail 
\y?p l.iffe  wen  dje  Uja-u cit  bv^  1 1  0.  foe  tlic  caufc  of  tSjc  fet!)rntj;.  iliiD  tljc  !c\3?!j 
locfc  fci)(  «1  U.1CT!  more  ?cu  vc  U5r.fti-lt  bv  us.  for  I'c  canfcof  l!jc  bi-aiiPiig  5  att^J 
re  i3})etrn  loof  frball  \dc\!  prcferviig  tiiJri^te  lotcs,  airs  pcloofcf  ail  maiicr  of 
come  f\]aU  toe^itino  f}alpe!ntv)  ir.bvtc  loUiSi  aiiD  t'e  baUer  fei>iU  be  aioiupa  in. 
\zi  qtMrtcr  for  fornasc  i  uc,  far  tiua  jor.'tcv'uien  j  iii?3.  cb.  foriipagvSj 
1  a.  cb.  for  bcrmc  x  cb.  for  faltc ;  ob.  for  ranDcU  ;  ob-  for  fjts  ti'  Dogg  ob  ;  ana- 
aK  fips  br.itine  to  atoaiitagc.  %.\\^  |ns  is  vcr  ilatuCe  of  esipncljcficr,  aloiypD  b\j 
all  v'e  paricmeut 

There  is  no  indorferaent  or  other  mark  thereon,  bat  the  re- 
mains of  a  very  large  crofs,  almoit  xvibbed  out  by  frequent  ufe  of 
rolling  and  unrolling,,  though  made  with  vermillion.  This  roll 
iss  in  the  fecretary's  ftudy,  whereof  he  gave  the  explanation  from 
the  fi:atutes,  &c.  Redman's  edition,  printed  1525,  fol.  86,  12%. 
laith  the  firfl:  lliatute  of  ajftfa  panis  w^as  51  Henry  III.  1267  ;  ' 
though  others  refer  it  to  the  25th  year  of  that  king's  reign  ;  but 
according,  to  Matthew  Paris,  a  coasval  author,  this  king  made  the: 
firll  reform  in  the  affize,  and  enlarged  the  weights  and  meafures. 
of  bread  and  bier,  by  an  ordonance,  a.  r.  13,  1228. 
*  ivot.  Pat.  3  Joh.  7.  in.  7.  n,  29.  12.  or. 


3i  MR.    JOHNSON'S     DISSERTATION    ON 


VI. 

4  Dii!cr  tuition  on  the  Mint  at  Lincoln,  proved  from  undoubted  nw^ 
numents  and  money  in  fever  a  I  ages  there  coined^  zvitb  references  to 
the  places  -zvbere  they  are/lill  remaining^  to  records^  and  other  cre- 
dible authorities.  Communicated  to ^  and  read  at ^  the  Gentlemen's 
Society  at  Spalding,  on  their  anniverfary  meetings  Aug.  28, 
1  740,  and  Sept.  i  \  folloivingj  by  Maurice  Johnfon. 

A^BM    T'X  707rc(.\oii  fji,sycKX(x.  7JV  TO.  TiroWoi  cx'jjuv  (yfjuytoci  ysyo-jV     Tijy  avbpccnrTiiyiv  ovv 

Herodotus,  Clio.  c.  5.  p.  3. 

The  J:is    cudendi   being    a   royal  right,    properly  belonging  to 
Sovereigns  onlv,  has  ever  been  thought  to  do  honour  to  the  places 
where    it   was  exercifed,  as  w^ell  as  to  be  of  profit  to  them.      It 
was  therefore  elleemed  and  defired  by  the  Colonies,  and  indulged 
to  them  by  the  Roman  emperors ;  and  as  of  other  the  moft  con- 
fiderable  of  that  vaft  empire,  fo  we  frequently  find  on  the  exergues 
of  feveral  emperors'  coins  chara6lers  denoting  the  place  and  nnm- 
ber  of  officers  of  the  mint.      S  vel  P  iox  fignatum  (vel}  percujfum 
(numifraa  fc.)  l.  ln.  lc.  ml.  moneta  l.  which  we  may  as  w'ell, 
if  not  with  greater  truth  and  propriety,  apply  to  thofe  coined  at  the 
moil  ancient  city  and  colony  of  Lincoln  as    at  any  other  place. 
1  was  the  firft  who  claimed   the  honour  to  them  and  my  native 
county  in  my  '•'•Decennium  Caraujii  &'  AlleBi^  17^0?  and  had  the 
allowance  of  the  learned.    Thofe  with  l  only  or  with  ln  might  be 
ftruck  either  at  our  own  city,  L.inco\n,  Lindum,  as  Ptolemy,  Anto- 
ninus, and  the  Roman  writers  generally  call  it;   or  ^t  Londinum, 
as  Tacitus,  the  Colonia  hondinenfium^   mentioned  in  the  council 
of  Aries  -•'.      Or  thofe  monies  might  be  made  at  London  or  Lyons 
mYT-anzei  Londinivtl  Lugduni.     But  thofe   with    lc  were  (as  I 

humbly 


;0T^     THE     ^I  IN  T     AT     LINC'OL'frf;^  /f 

luimbly  conceive)  certainly  coined  at  oilV 'Lincoln,  called  by  Ra- 
vennas  lin'DVM  colonia,  in  that  noble  and Tpacious  mint,  th^& 
'{lately  remains  whereof  beiAg  ns  part  of  the  bid  city  oF'LincoVi^, 
>vithin  it,  andthe  oldcrt  caftle  walls  under  which  it  flond  fdr  better 
Security,  made  of  Pvoman  materials  and  v/orkmanfliip,  to  this 
dtiy  there  commonly  called  the  ;;//;;/  ivalls,  whicli  that  in^enidi^iS 
member  of  this  Society^,  Mr.  SamnelBuclc,  'engraver, '  lias  'pei'p'e^ 
tnateci  Ir/  an  CKadl;  draught  and  engraving  thereof  on  a'c.opper- 
plate,  publilhed  as  a  fpecimen  ahd  for  his  pra^iofalsof  ftibfcription 
to  his  Surveys  of  Rnins  of  Caltlcs,  Abbeys,  Sec.  throogh  all  Eng- 
land and  Wales.  Thefc  walls,  which  enclofe  a  large  fpacebl:' 
ground,  were' very  thicik  and  liigh,  and  bntwardly  had  no  aper- 
tures, and  were  direcSlly  under  tlic  W.  fortlett,  or  iceep  oif 
the  caftle  of  LHncoln':  fb  that  nothins;  cOiifd  be  belter  contrived 
orfituated  for  ftrength  or  fecurity,  beyond  which  the  city  itfelf 
extended  down  the  hill  to  the  river  Wytbam  ;  all  which  I  have 
leen  feveral  timesj' 'and  con'i'p'dred' 'with  Buck's  iii-int.  Though  I 
fee  no  reafon  to  doubt  but  that  fome  of  the  Bi"iti(]i  coins,  and  of 
the  earlreft  imperial  coins  of  the  Roman  emperors,  and  alfo  of 
Cla.idius  and  other  princea ■•'•■•,  wdiich  appearto  the  ciiiiotis  incoint 
not  to  be  of  Roman  workmanfliip,  but  made  out  of  Rome  or  by 
foreign  workmen,  found  here  by  ploughing  or  digging,  of  which 
Dr.  Primrofe,  a  phyfician  of  Lincoln,  and  -captain  Pownall  had 
feveral,  whereof  his  grace  Dr.  William  Wake,  lord  ,arch-bifliop 
.of  Canterbury,  Mr,  Thorcfby  of  Leeds,  Mr.  Charlton  «f  the 
Temple,  Mr.  Sympfon  of  Liccoln,  the  earl  of  Scar-horoiigh,  and 
Sir  Richard  Ellis,  had  fome,  and  I  have  others,  might  be  lh"uck: 
or  coined  in  this  very  mint ;  though,  being  befere  the  piadtice  of 
denoting  the  place  of  the  mkit  on  the  exergue  or  field  of  the 
coin  took  place  or  began,  we  find  nothing  thereon  to  allertain 
•the   particular   place  of   their  coinage,    which,   from  the  mean 

*  5injiondi  Coucil.  Gall.  I.  9.    Battcly  60.  Baxter'r^ji  '  ' 

I  '       wretched 


SB         M  R.  -  J  a  H  N  S  O  N  '  S    DISSERTATION 

Avretched  draughts  or  defigning,  and  poor  execution^  the  work.-- 
manfliip,  the  Uttle  relemblance  of  the  emperor's  countenance- 
whole  fupericription  they  bear  round  them,  and  the  or 
rather  Celtic  eale  of  chara6ters.on  theiir  reverfes,,  are  generally  call- 
ed or  deemed  Colony  pieces.  But  to  come  to  greater  certainty, 
and  what  amounts  with  me,  for  the  reafons  before  alligned,  to  a 
proof  of  thofe  pieces  being  coined  here  (let  them  have  been  found: 
any  where)  are  the  letters  on  the  exergues  denoting  as  much.. 
Camden  and  Speed,  from  Sir  Robert  Cotton's  cabinet,  have 
given  a  coin  or  medal  as  early  as  Claudius,  with  colon,  camo- 
LODON.  Avc  in  the  field  on  that  occaiion  ;  and  I  doubt  not  but 
the  like  was  done  here,  a^nd  others  inc  more  places  in  Britain,  when 
the  officers  of  that  prince,  as  appears  by  the  infcription  de  bri- 
TANNIS,  on  an  arch  on  one  of  his  coins,  fettled  the  Roman  affairs 
here  before  it  was.  reduced  into  a  province  by  Agricola  under  the- 
reign  of  Vefpafian,  for  the  realbn  aihgned  by  Tacitus^  "  Non  Jo- 
*'  lurn  ut-  adverfus  rebelles  e[fdt  fublidium,  fed  imbuendis  fociis  ad 
*'  officia  legum  Romanarum  *." 

I  take  leave  to  exhibit  a  few,  but  thofe  very  fair,  inftances  of 
tthe  coins  themfelves  ii>  my  own  collection,  which  ai-e  fuffirient 
and  more  fatisfatftnry  than  fending  you  to  Occo,.  Mczzabarba,., 
Banduri',  or  the  cabinets  of  others. 

IMP.  c.  CARAvsivs  p.  F.  AVG.  Rcv.  PAX  AVGGG.  Between 
s  and  p  in  exergue  mlxxi.  which  they  read  Moneta  Lindicolin,. 
cufa  in  offic'ma  ad  num.  cud.  xxi.  about  A.  D.  289. 

IMP-..   C.     ALLECTVS.   P.  F.   AYG.       ReV...    PAX.    S.    P..  M.  L.    about 

A.  D.  296. 

So  in  m.any  of  them  with  different  reverfes  m.  l.  with  the- 
fame  N°  xxr.  and  fbmetimes  s;  c.  fometimes  s.  y >.Senaiu probantc. 
\'.^\permittente  cujtmi< Lindi  CoUni. 

'  'i'ifP.   MAXIMANVS   p.  F.    AVG. 

GENio  po.  ROM.  in  exergue  p.  l,  n.  about  A.  d,  300.. 

lAIP.  CONSTAT' TINVS  F.    AVG. 

*  Ann.-XIL  32.    Sekkn  DilTcrt.  4. 

ERmCIPI 


•ON     THE     MINT     AT     LINCOLN. 


•^# 


PRiNCiPi  ivVENTVTis,  bctwcen  F.  nnd  t.  cxcrgiic  p.  l.  c 
about  A.  D.  304. 

Another  of  the  fame  prince,  p.  V.  avg. 

SOLI  iNviCTo  coMiTi,  bctwccn  F.  and  r.  exergue  p.l.  c. 

Another  of  him.     Rev.   sarmatia.  devicta. 

Another  of  him.  Rev.  marti  patri  conservatori;  both 
with  the  letters  v.  l.  c.  in  exergue,  made  about  fame  year  304,   ' 

CONSTANTINVS     IVN,        N.   CyESAR. 

-gloria  EX^mrvs.     In  exergue  s.  l.  c.  about  a.  d.  336. 

CONSTANTINVS    IVN.  NOB.  CAE. 

PROVIDENTIAE  CAES.   AVGGG.   eXCrgUC  P.  L.  C.  about  A.  D.  ^;^6. 

D.   N.   CONSTANTIVS   P.  F.    AVG. 

FEL.  TEMP.  repAratio.     Exei'gue  c.  s.  L.  c.  about  A.  D.  3i9„ 

D.  N.   MAGNENTIVS  P.  F*.  "K^ 

GLORIA   ROMANORVM.        ExcrgUe  R.  P.  L.  C. 

And  two  Others  of  him  about  a.  d.  350.  secvRitas 
REiPVBLiCAE.  on  oue,  and  on  the  other  salvs  d.  i>.  n-.  n.  avgg. 
CAES.     Exergue  i.  p.  l.  c. 


p.Ao. 


That  the  Saxons  coined  money  here,  this  curious  ill ver  penny^ 
l^'ig.  I.  drawn  from  one  in  the  Pembroke  colledtion,  May  1 3, 1 740-, 
by   ray  ingenious  friend  Mr.  Thomas  Sympfon,  mailer  of  the 

I  2  works 


,,€o         MR.     JOHNSON'S      DISSERTATION 

Avorks  of  the  cathedral  chuirch  the^^e,  plainly  eyinceth  "^•'  ;  and  that* 
St.  Martin  J  wlio  ftouriflied  in  the  time  of  Maxiouis  and  Vidci' 
his  Ion,  iiiurpers,  and  \y<as  famoiis^for  oppoiing  theii"  punifhing 
herefy  with- death,  was  in  fo  great  favour  with  the- firli-Chrif- 
tians  here,  as  to  have  churches  dedicated  to  him,  as  this- here 
mentioned,  and  others  at  Canterhury  and  ellewhere  t.  It  is 
lii.ohly  probable. this  niint  became  in  Chrillian  times,  within  th/g 
jurifdiclion  of  St.  Martin  the  Gj'cat  in  the  city  ©f  Li-nc-oln  ;  fur 
beyond  it  qaftwiird  biruop  Reniigius,  when  he  determined  to  build 
his  cathedral  church  of  St.  Mary  in  .that  city,  and  removed  his 
igQ  hither  not  long  after  tlie  Norman  conqneil  and  the  injuncftion 
of  king  WilHam  I.  for  that  purpole  purchafed  part  of  the  poijef- 
ilons  of  the  C3jnons  of  the  moll:  ancient  church  of  St.  Martin, 
the  fteeple  whereof  was  rebuilt  1740,  and  the  fabric  then  re- 
l")airing,  over  the  South  door  whereof  on  an- ample  fquare ,  rag 
llone,  much  defaced  or  worn  fiat  by  the  weather  and  injuries 
o.t.tiixie,  is  this  fculpture  now  in  low  relievo,  as  I  tlien  took  a 
fkctch  of  it  on  the  fpot,  July  3-1.  Mr.  Syn)pfon,_  who  perufed 
with, care,  and  took  extradls  from  all  the  regifters  of  the  bifhops 
belonging  to  this  ice,  and  many  other  ancient  MSS.  concerning 
this  chuixh  and  all- Lincoln  city,  alTiired  me  this  church  of  St,. 
Martin  the  Great  is  the  moft  ancient  Chriftian  church  there 
whereof  h^'jitet' -with,  any  account,  and  that  the  fame  was  well 
endowed  vvirh'laml'of  a  large  extent  lying  near  to  and  about  itv.. 
St.  Martin  was  deemed  a.,  cotitular  faint  and  patron  with  o\Wi^ 
hlefled  Savnour  and  i:iie  bleiied  Virgin  Mary,  of  a  church  built  by 
Paulinus,  archhifliQpof--¥ork,  at  Lincoln^ -A.  D.   62 9 1,  originally 

*  Fig.  2.. is  added  from  Mr.  Bellamy's  plate  of  Saxon  coins,  being  incorreflly 
given  from  Mr.  Thoreiby  in  bilhop  Gibfon's  edition  of  the  Britannia.  Mr.  Bel- 
-^rpy  -afcribes  it  -to  the.  churck'of  Yopk ;  and  Mr.  Pce;cTo  conjectures  that  it  was  flruck 
by  nn  arcKbiihop.of  York,,  in  whoic  province  Lindfey  and  Lincoln  were,  and  that> 
!r?r.  Martini  mufl  b6  the  priiicipal  church  at  Lincohi  before  H-tmigius  built  the^ 
cathedrj.1.  .'  jj.  -ii..    ,_i',  j    .if-  '       -    '^"  X'  Spelm,  Gonfih.t.'  91,.  . 

.  I  Uhton.  Sax. .p.  2p.  105.  Lcl.ind.  CoJ,lc(.%  IV.  69.  ex  cod.  MS'^  Kofftn.  Mon.. 
4ng.  III.  257. 

dedicaied 


ON    THE    MINT    AT    LINCOLN. 


Ci 


dedicated  to  Ghritl:  and  the  blefTed  Virgin,  afterwards  to  them 
and  St.  Martin,  taken  in  as  a  cotitular  faint  with  them  when  Po- 
pery and  fuperilition  prevailed,  by  Blecca,  thane  of  Linfey,  patron. 
It  is  a  prebendal  church,  the  vicarage  thereof  now  in  the  patron- 
age of  the  (long  fince  vacant)  prebendary  of  St.  Martin,  in  Lin- 
coln cathedral  "^■. 


*  Brawn e  Willis's  Survey  of  Lincoln,    p.ai.y.  260.      Sympfon's,  Powcil'sj 
md  Mr.  Johnfon's  coUcs^ions  and  drawings. 


The 


6i  Ivl  R.      JOHNSON'S      DISSERTATION 

The  emperor  with  a  nimbus  or  circle  of  glory  round  his  head* 
ilgnitying  his  cliviiiity  or  majcfly,  holding  his  globe  of  empire  in 
his  right  hand,  and  the  hnpcrial  eagle  or  head  of  the  fceptre  in 
lii^  left,  w  ith  his  nvaftcr  of  the  mint  or  monetarius  of  Lincoln, 
\\\v\  man  attending  with  K\\Q,fportuJa.,fpoveUa^  or  fquare  box,  ufeci 
m  icreix'c  the  new  coined  monev  at  the  mint,  and  for  conciaries 
of  the  emperors  ut  tlieir  largeffes  or  donations  to  the  people,  be- 
tbic  j)ockets  or  even  pvirfes  were  in  ufe,  foraetimes  called  '^eJ]era-\ 

There  apjiears  not  any  circumlhmce  in  this  faint's  life  or  le- 
gend -|-  that  this  fculpture  can  allide  to,  as  I  apprehend;  therefore 
i  CDniJudc  that,  when  this  church  was  tiril  built  by  Paiilinus,  this 
Itone  miidit  be  Inousiht  from  the  old  Ronvan  mint  ofhce  but  a 
ji"nall  dilf  ance  off^  and  fiKed  up  in  the  South  wail  of  this  church, 
whereto  the  mintage  was  devolved,  as  a  pro})cr  decoration  or  or- 
nament ;  for  as  their  mint  was  then  become  within  the  jnrifdic- 
tion,  and  upon  the  land  of  this  church,  perhaps  this  rude  piece 
of  il  ulpture,  as  it  now  fcems,  might  relate  thereto.  The  inftrument 
under  the  emperor's  right  arm,  reprefenting  the  f(|uare  box  ovfpor^ 
liila  wherein  new  coined  monies  are  put  at  feveral  mint  offices  to 
this  day,  and  llich  are  ftill  ufed  by  the  churchwardens  of  Spalding, 
and  leveral  other  pariflies,  to  coUeft  charity  for  briefs  in  churches. 

The  fepulchral  marble  engraved  by  Dr.  Stukeley  of  Inclytus 
Alcuinus  totius  Anglian  Aldeimannus  (T'befaurarius,  Capi talis  Jujli- 
ciarius),  A.  D.  969,  filius  Athelftani  reguli  orientalium  Anglo- 
rum,  confanguineus  Eadgari  regis,  founder  of  Ramfay  abbey 
in  the  church  there,  reprefents  him  with  the /^r^^  nodofa  or 
ragged  llaff  and  keys,  emblems  of  judicature  and  his  high  office, 
comptroller  of  all  the  mints  and  mintmafters  %.  See  alfo  the  im- 
preffioii  of  the  great  roimd  feal  of  William  Fitz  Otho  before- 
mentioned,  p.  43. 

*  See  Godwin  III.  c.  36.  199.  Du  Cliouf,  de  ReUgione  vet.  Rom.  152.  Oyfcllius. 

t  See  it  in  Legcnda  Aurea  &  in  ecdefia  fibi  tiedicara    in  civ,  Eboraci  in  Gent's 

Vl.ftory,  in  Conyng  ftrcct  there,   ly^jO,  p.  173.         ^'J  Stukclev,  Itin,  Cur;T.'«77. 

5  ■  '  It 


ON     THE     MINT     AT     LINCOLN. 


63 


It  appears  by  the  Mag.  Rot.  5  Staph,  as  cited  by  Madox  ■•■••', 
that  Stephen  Fitz  Erchambald  gave  ten  marks  of  lilver  for  flay- 
ing a  man  of  WiUiam  Otho's  fon. 

Mr.  Bell  had  in  his  collection  a  penny  of  William  I.  reverfc 
»i*  GODviNE  ON  LIN.  drawn  in  a  letter  to  me,  dated  Aug.  8, 
3732;  and  more  of  thefe  may  be  feen  in  the  fuccefiion  of  our 
coins.  But  on  Otho'si  fon's  feal  to  an  inllrument  in  King's  Col- 
lege, 30  E.  I.  1302  I,  are  his  infignia  as  monetarius  or  mafter  of 
the  mint,  the  coining  hammer  in  his  right,  and  fword  as  on  St. 
Martin's  money  in  his  left.  He  is  feated  on  a  throne  or  large 
circular  feat  of  judicature,   "3^%  Cuneator^, 


*  T'iftory  of  Exchequer,  p.  :?45. 

•|"  The  firfl  of  this  family 'whole  name  has  defcendeJ  to  us  is  Otto,  or  Otho  the 
goldfinich,  who  held  lands  in  Suffolk  at  the  general  furvey.  William  Fitz  Othes, 
his  fon,  5  Stephen,  gave  the  king  35/.  os,  \od.  nc fiiperiorem  ampiius  habeat  ma^tjlrum 
Jiipcr  fe.  (Madox,  ib.  p.  330).  ills  fon  William  Fitz  Othes  was  a  goldfmiih  and 
Cuntiitor,  was  lord  of  Mendlelham  in  Suffolk,  and  is  reprefented  in  the  above  plate, 
copied  from  an  engraving  by  Mr.  Vertue.  He  had  a  fon  Thomas  married  to  Bea- 
trix, daughter  of  William  Beauchamp,  baron  of  Bedford;  by  whom  he  had  a  fon 
Hugh,  who  was  loid  of  i\lendleiham,  and  died  without  iffue,  leaving  a  filler  Maud, 
married  to  John  de  Boutetort,  lord  of  Wiiley  in  Worcefterfliire,  and  in  her 
right  poffeffed  the  office  of  0/wrt/(?r  General  21  Edw.  I.  See  Dugdale's  Baron.  L 
2.24.  11   46.     Floll.md's  Camden's  Britannia,  p.  465. 

J  Q^that  printed  in  Dugdale's  Monaft.  ^ng.  II.  31.  by  which  he  grants  the  ad- 
vo^fon  of  Berton  in  Keflevcn  to  Barnwell-abbcy. 

Ij  Tt  was  his  bufinels  to  fee  that  the  coins,  though  minted  in  different  towns, 
bore  the    fame  impre's,  for  which  reafon  all  the  dies  were  made  ia  London  under 

H  4  hi 


IS 


^4  MR,     JOHNSON'S    DISSEftTATiaN 

Camden   in  his  Remains'-  calls  him  majler  of  the  mhrt. 

The  fword  on  tlie  lilver  penny  of  St.  Martin  li^nifies  the  great 
jurifdiiftion  of  that  church  or  the  canons  thereof  in  thole  times, 
]n  like  manner  v.e-  find  it  on  the  Saxon  filver  pennies  of  St. 
Peter's  at  York,  in  Sir  A.  Fountai'i"ie':>  Tab.  1 V.  j,  2,  3.  p.  iSf-i 
6.  PEtRi  MONET  A.  whcrc  it  only  betokens  that  the  archbilhop 
there  was  the  monelarius^  or  had  by  grant  of  the  fovereign  tha 
honour,  profit,  controul,  and  care  of  the  mint,  an  office  of  the 
higheil:  dignity  and  trull  then,  and  iince  exercifed  by  the  prelates 
a;id  nobility  of  the  firft  rank,  and  the  abufe  of  it  puniflied  with, 
ievere  pains,   or  even  de-n.th,   as  high  treafon]:.. 

Saxon,   Danifli,   Norman,  and  Englifli  coins,  coined  at  Lincoln, 
with    the   records,  cabinets,  colle6lions,    hiftorians,   antiquaries,. 
and  other  vouchers  for  the  fame. 

►Ji    FADBEARD  REX. 

AYTI  ON  LINNCOL.     A.D,   9OI. 

Fountaine  Tab.  VII.  N°  47.  from,  archbifliop  Sharpe's  coUec* 
tion  of  Saxon  coins, 

-■F.DF.LZTAN  REX.  the  4  croffes. 

►J-"    BIORMEARD   HO   LONDn. 

In  the  upper  part  of  a  map  of  Lincolnfliire,  engraved  by  Her-. 
}-nau  Moll,  geographer,  which  by  Dr.  Stukeley's  account  was.-, 
itruck  at  Lincoln  about  923. 

^   iEDI'LRED  REX. 

ERVAN  ON  LUND. 

In  Mr.  Sympfon's  collection  at  Lincoln  about  A.  D.   978; 

Dantih., 

►!•  n>;VT  REX    ANL. 

AZLAn  MO  LINCOLN.       About  A.  D.     1007. 

Fountaine,,  Tab.  IV.  7.    174.     AOac  mqneta  ^•<f/ monetarius 
Lincolnienfis. 

h's  inrpcflion  -,  r.nd  it  appears  from  Madox's  Hiftory  of  the  Exchequer,  that  the 
Cmeator  prefented  the  makers, and,  cutteis  of  the,  dies  for  the  approval  of  the  barons.. 

*•  Ai't.  Money. 

•f  ^4ac.  I'ar'.s.   11 25, 

S.  To 


ON    THE    MINT    AT    LINCOLN.  65 

Saxon. 
>p  EADfARD  REX  ANL. 
^  LEFpINE  ON  LINK.     About  A.  D.*o42. 

Walker  and  Fountaine,  Tab.  VI.  N°  2.  p.  177. 

Among  the  Anglo-Saxon  laws  and  ciiftoms  mentioned  under 
the  refpective  counties  and  cities  in  Domefday  book,  as  publiflicd 
by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gale,  dean  of  York,  p.  775  *,  under  Lincolejcire^ 
fpeak'ing  of  Lincoln  city,  at  the  clofe  he  fays,  *<  Aluredus  nepos 
Thuroldi  (the  heir  of  Thorold,  thane  of  Bokenhale  und  Saxon 
vicedominus  of  the  county)  habet  iii  toftes  de  terra  fibi  quantum 
rex  fibi  dedit,  in  quibus  habet  omnes  confuetudines  ^r^/^r  ^i?/^//;« 
de  monetagio  ;"  the  faid  mint  (as  I  prefumc)  then  belonging  to  the 
church  of  St.  Martin,  the  king  could  grant  him  nothing  thereout. 

The  Norman  and  fucceeding  kings  of  England  coined  money 
here,  as  is  plain  from  the  filver  money  and  records.  This  church 
of  St.  Martin  was  given  by  king  William  Rufus  to  Robert  Bloet, 
bifliop  of  Lincoln,  his  chancellor,  cum  omnibus  appciidiciis :  Nor- 
mando  aute?n  fijujle  clamet  de  ecclejia  aliquam  mifericordiam  epifco- 
pusjibi  facial  + ;  i.  e.  referving  to  Normand,  who  was  his  grand 
veneur  or  huntiman,  a  corrody  or  peniion  of  meat  and  drink  if 
he  fliould  duly  claim  it ;  and  compelling  the  archbilhop  of  Vork 
to  give  up  and  quit  to  that  bifliop  and  his  fee  of  Lincoln  all 
his  claim,  &c.  in  Lindfey  coaft  and  Lincoln. 

+  |7ILLEMREX 

EODplNE  ON  LIN.  in  Mr.  Bell's  colleaion. 
-fILLM 
IGLING  ON  LINCOLN,  in  lord  Oxford's  coUeaion. 

A  penny  of  Henry  I. 

:t>eNRICVS  R€X 
eOMVND  ON  NI€;dOL 

i.  e.  Lincoln,  which  the  then  Norraans,  fays  Baxter^  ridiculoully 
enough  corrupted  into  Nichok 

.    *  At  the  end  of  the  Hid.  Brit.  Scriptores,  Ox.  i  69  i. 
j  Mon.  Angl.  Ill,  262,  ex  ver.  cod.  MS.  inBibl.  Cotr. 

K  Among 


66  MR.     JOHNSON'S    DISSERTATION 

Among  the  moniers,  effayers,  and  keepers  of  the  coin  or  dyes,, 
three  of  this  city  were  fummoned  by  writ  to  Weftminfter,  9 
John,  Oiflober  16,  1  207,  to  bring  thither  their  dyes  fealed  up^ 
and  to  receive  frefli  orders  about  coining  *, 

A  penny  of  king  Henry  ill. 

Rev.  NICOLE,  about  1296,   in  lord  Oxford's  collc6lion,- 

Edward  I. 

eOWA.  R.  ANGL.  DNS.  ):YB. 

CIVITAS.  LINCOLt. 
which  piece,  with  many  others  of  this  kind,  is  in  my  poITeflion, 
and  many  of  Alexander  king  of  Scotland,  found  in  great  abun- 
dance in  the  North  of  England,  and  fuppofed  to  liave  been  part 
of  his  military  cheft  in  his  return  from  his  defcent  into  England, 
being  flrays  or  frelli  from  the  mint,  and  unworn  for  the  moft 
part;  and  the  coins  of  thele  two  kings  only  (Edward  I.  of  Eng- 
land and  Alexander  III.  of  Scotland)  who  were  contemporaries,  and 
thought  to  have  been  then  loft  or  concealed  about  the  year  1 291  X. 

***-  To  thefe  may  be  added  the  following  coins  of  Canute, 
difcovered  fince  Mr.  Johnfon's  time.- 

LI. 

REX  NABANBALVEfj 

REEX  SpERTEIR 

SfERTEBRAND 

L  I  N. 
REEX  EODRIE  SPOT||      Godric  on  Lincoln,    Keder 

Cat.  nummor.  p.  i  ^o. 
RFEX  RED.-        EONERIN 

RlvEX  LEOFflNE 

REE-.-  NATDAN 

Hatha  mon  Lin.  Duhe  o^ DevotiJJj'ire. 
Hathan  on  Line.  Sloane.     Nathan.  Bartktt, 

*  Pat.  9  Joh.  m.  I. 

t  See  this  in  Supplement  to  Antiquarian  Society's  Coins,  p.  76. 

I  See  Buchanan  &  Fordun  Scotichrouum  fob  anno  eodem,  p.  977,  980. 

t[  Mr.  Bartlett  inclines  to  think  thefe  tingle  names;  iiirnames  not  being  then  in 
r.ff.  IVulfric  Spot  was  founder  of  Burton  abbey  in  Stafford flii re.  Mon.  Ang.  I.  260. 
ii/)ut  was  on  a  penny  of  the  Conqueror  minted  in  Southwark,  in  Lord  Oxfo.d's 
collci5lion. 

SpTfRTINE 


ON      THE      MINT      AT      LINCOLN. 


67 


SJTTtnTINE 
SfERTlNE 
Giimcetel  mo   Lin.     Kcder   173.  tab.  iii.  4.  has  the  head  crowned 
with  lilies  in  a  quatrefoil, 

Swertebrad  o  Lin.     Dr.  Hunter. 


LINE. 

REEX 

BRIHTRiE 
EONERIM 

REE 

EEELRIE 
LIFINE 

HEEX 

S|7EARTINE 

J7EDLOS 

rVLFRIE 

Keaer  ib\.     Wulbarn 

Wulwinc 

on  Line. 

mo  Line.  Keder  204. 

Eofwold  1 

on  Lie.     Dr.  Hutiter. 

L  I  N  E  0. 

REEX 

*  EOERIM 
DORLTfE 

LIFINE 

Lifinc  on  Line.  Keder  156. 
Dr.  Hunter, 

SFEARTA 

fVLFRIE 

Wulfric  on  Lineoln,  Keder 
16^. 

L  I  N  E  0  L. 

**'*•• 

REX 

LEOFp'INE 

Leofwine.  K^der  198. 
Leofwine  mo  Liuco. 

Sloane. 

ENVT.4- 

REX; 

;       SJZART 

+ENVT 

REX 

SpART 

REEXJf 

OSLAE           Twc 

)  of  thefe  have  the  S  inverted. 

REEX 

Duh  of  Ddvonfbire, 

REEX 

pEDLES 

L  I  N  E  0  L  L 

REEX 

ENVT 

L'l  N  E  0  L- 

N. 

REEX 

L.IFINE 

Aflacmo  Lincoln.  [Fountahie  iv.  7.    Keder  185.    D.  o( Devon.   Shane. 
Ada.    Lmtercntzen,     Mufcum  Regium  Dania:  f . 

■*  This  has  the  ENVT  quite  behind  the  head,  whereas  moft  ufually  the  T  gets 
-•^'■''  -f  Catalogue  of  Canute's  Coins,  1777,  p.  15, 16, 

K  2  ^e 


before 


68        INVESTITUHE    OF    W.    DE    LITTLEPORT, 


^be  manner  and  procefs  of  the  ele&ion^  approbation^  con/innathn, 
andimjejtiture  or  hiftallation  0/ William  dc  Liulepoit, //vor  of 
Spalding. 

He  was  a  gentleman  of  a  good  family,  wealthy,  tall,  and 
comely,  fair  and  graceful  perfonage,  a  man  of  great  learning  and 
piety,  a  good  orator,  and  very  liberal  and  well-beloved.  He 
had  been  cellarer  of  this  houfe  ;  and  on  the  deceafe  of  prior  John 
in  1275,  was  elcifted  to  fucceed  him  by  the  unanimous  con- 
fent  and  concurrence  of  the  abbot  of  Anglers  and  the  brethren 
of  Spalding.  After  his  ele<5i:ion  the  abbot  began  with  a  loud 
voice,  5l?  Deum  laudamus^  and  taking  him  with  the  whole  convent 
from  the  chapter-houfe  led  him  to  the  conventual  church,  finging 
a  fong  of  gladnefs  with  well-founding  cymbals. 

When  the  new  eleft  lay  before  the  ^tar,  Gilbert  de  "Waltham 
declared  his  ele(5lion  to  have  been  made  agreeable  to  the  canons 
to  the  people  without.  The  new  elect  then  rifing  from  prayer 
returned  to  the  cloyller,  and  there  continued  the  whole  day  in 
prayer.  Next  morning,  having  made  the  neceffary  preparations 
for  his  journey,  he  took  with  him  the  brethren,  and  went  to  the 
patron  of  the  houfe,  Henry  de  Lacy,  earl  of  Lincoln,  lord  of  Bo- 
lingbroke,  baron  of  Houlton,  who  received  him  with  joy,  and, 
after  returning  thanks  to  God  with  great  devotion,  fent  him  to  his 
diocefan,  Benedidl  de  Gravefend,  bifliop  of  Lincoln,  defiling  him 
to  perform  his  part  on  th€  occafion.  When  he  came  to  the 
bifliop  he  was  honourably  received,  and  forthwith  confirmed,  and 
had  the  cure  of  fouls  committed  to  him.  He  was  received  at 
Spalding,  xiii  kal.  Martii,  with  folemn  proceflion  and  great  joy, 
and  being  conduced  to  the  high  altar  made  his  offering.  The 
archdeacon  of  Lincoln's  official  then  took  him  by  the  hand,  and 
7  led 


P    K    I    O    II        OF        SPALDING.  69 

led  hini  to  his  ftall,  faying,  "By  the  authority  of  our  lord  the 
"  bifliop  I  inihill  thee  prior  of  this  houfe ;"  and  by  the  authority 
aforefiid,  he  enjoined  all  the  brethren  to  pay  to  the  prior  canonical 
obedience  and  reverence,  according  to  the  agreement  between  the 
abbot  and  prior  and  convent,  Thefe  things  ended,  the  prior 
went  into  the  church,  and  celebrated  mafii.  This  being  ended,  he 
went  into  commons  with  the  ufual  iblemnity.  On  this  occalion 
were  prefent  the  barons  with  the  knights,  the  abbots  with  the 
monks  and  other  religious,  the  clergy  and  laity,  whofe  number 
and  noble  fervices  it  is  impoffible  to  recite  at  large  ■•■•', 


*  "  Succcfilt  Johnnni  priori  de  Spalding  Willielnrms  de  Littleport,  celerarius  coe- 
"  nobii,  eleflus  unanimi  confenfu  &  voluntate  abbatis  Andegavie  &  fratrum  Spald-- 
"  ing  ;    poil  cuj us  elefligjiein  ipfe  abbas  incepit  alta  voce ?V/)^z//« /fl?/</rt/««j',  affump- 
"  fit  ilium  cc  cum  conventu  de  capiculo  duxit  ad  ccclsfiam  conv^nciialem  cantando 
"  canticum  l^titice  cymbalis  bene  fonantibus.     Eledto  quoque  jaceme  coram  altare 
*'  proininciavit  dominus  Gilb;rtus  de  Waltham  coram  populo  ibi  congregate  elec- 
"  tionem  canonice  fadam  ;  furgens  autem  ele^lus  aboratione  rediit  ad  clauflrum,  ibi- 
que  moratus  eft  toto  die  perliftens  in  oratione.     Mane  autem   fafto  preparatis  ad 
itinerandum  necefTariis,  &  aflumptis  fecum  fratribus,  abiit  ad   patroniim  domus 
Ic.  3ii'  Heiiricura.  de  Lacey,  romitem  Lincoln,  3q'  de    Bolingbrookc,  baronem 
de  Haul'on,  qui  cum  cum  gaudio  recepit,  &  gratias  agens  Deo  cum  magna  devo- 
tione  mifrt  eum  ad  epifcopum  fc.  diocefannm    dn'  Benediftum  de  Gravelcnd  dn* 
epifcopum  Lincoln' ;  rogans  ut  quod  luum  eiiet  exequeretur.    At  ille  venien's  co- 
ram epifcopo  honorifice  I'ufceptus  eft,  qui  illico  confirmavit  eum,  commendans  ei 
"  curam  animarum.  Spalding,  siii  kal.  Martii,  cum  folemni  proceffione  a  conven- 
"  tu  cum  gaudio  magno  fulceptus  eft  et  duftus  ad    magnum  altare  obtulit  obla- 
"  tionem;  dcinde  fufcepit    eum  officialis  tlni  archidiaconi  Lincoln'  per  manum,  & 
"  duxit  in  ftallum  fuam,  i\'\c&n%  Authoriiate  Domini  ego  uiflallo  ie  priorem  domus  ijlius, 
*'  Authoricate  premifla  injunxit  fratribus  omnibus  ut  exhiberent  ctno  priori  fuo  ca- 
"  nonicam  obedieniiam  &  reverentiam  fecundum  compofitionem  habitam  inter  abba- 
*'  tern  &  priorem  &:  conventum.     Hiis  peraftis,  intravit  prior  inecclefiam,  &  miflam 
••  celel)ravit,  qua  celebratione  finita  intravit  ad  conimunium  folcmpne.  Ibi  congregati 
"  fuerunt  barones  cum  militibus,  abbates  cum  monachis  &  ceteri  viris  rcligioiis, . 
"  cleric!  cum  laicis;  de  quorum  multitudine  &  no:)ili  fervitio  non  polTumus  perftrinx 
*•  gere  per  fingula."     Folciby  Kegiftr.  MS.  iii  pars  cxxix.  fol.  431. 


Account ' 


70 


ACCOUNT     OF     TEN     BUILDINGS 


Account  of  the  ten  buildings  mojl  remarkable  for  their .  beauty^  ufe<, 

antiquity^  or  notoriety^  annexed  as  ornaments  to  a  ?nap  or  plan 

,  0/ Spalding,    drawn  by  Mr.  Grundy,  fen.  the  fiirveyor^    a 

member  of  the  Society^  and  by  him  prefented  to  the  Mufeum,  where 

it  now  bangs  over  the  chimney. 


A  view  of  the  old  conventual  church  from  a  drawing  on  a 
velurn  map  made  before  the  Diffolution,  penes  M.  Johnfon. 

South  Weil  view  of  the  parifli  church  built  about  1285  by 
prior  Lyttleport, .  and  of  the  free  grammar  fchool  thereto  ad- 
joining, .  built  by :  Richard  Le  Sky nner,  merchant  of  the  ftaple, 
for  a  chapel  toth^  Virgin  Mary. 

South  Weft  , vie v/  £)f  the  town  hall,  built  about  1620  by 
John  Hobfon,  efq;  a  noble  benefadtor  to  the  town. 

The  North  porch  of  the  parilli  church,  with  the  plain  and 
arched  roof,  built  1420  by  prior  Moulton,  from  a  drawing  made 
by  Mr.  Samuel  Buck. 

The  oven,  or  prior's  prifon,  called  T'urris  in  the  plan  in  Dug- 
dale's  Monafticon  Anglicanum,  being  formerly  a  high  tower, 
built  by  Simon  Houghton,  firft  perpetual  prior  of  Spakhng,  and 
ft y led  the  Magnificent. 

The  North  Eaft  view  of  the  ruined  arch  of  the  great  gate  and 
granaries  of  the  priory  {clavicularium  in  Dugdale's  plan)  built 
by  the  faid  Simon,  and  improved  by  prior  Walter  Halton. 

North  Eaft  view  of  the  remains  of  the  priory,  built  next  to  the 
grand  refedtory  1300,  by  prior  Clement  ^latfield. 

'town's  end  hall,  the  manor-houfe  of  Spalding,  rebuilt  1690 
by  Mr.  Thomas  Hargate,  lord  of  that  manor. 

Afcougb 


A  T         S    V    A    L    D   I    N    G.  71.. 

J^j'cGUi^b  Fee  Hall,  the  manor  houfe  of  AyfcQugh  Feey  rebuilt 
J 420  by  Sir  Richard  Aklwyn,  merchant  of  the  ftaple,  lord 
thereof,  now,  w^th  the  manor  aforefaid,  defcended  from  Sh' 
Richard  Ogle  by  his  grandmother  to  M.  Johnfon. 

The  High  Bridge  and  Oratory  at  the  foot  of  the  old  ftone  bridge, 
now  an  almllioufe,   wiih  a  view  of  the  river  and  key,  SvC.   which  . 
flone  bridge  was  built  or  repaired  greatly  by.  Aelfric,  earl  of  Tvler- 
cia, .  A.  D.    1000. 

There  are  other  antient  and  ftately  buildings  in  the  parish,  as  ■ 
JVykham  c\v^i]iQ\  and  hall,  Cowbit  chapel,  Old  Pulney,  Fulney  llixWy., 
&c.   but  they  fall  not  within  the  compafs  of  the  map. 

Out  of  the  river  Welland,   at  the  North  end  of  the  foundation 
of  the  middle  pier  of  the  old  ftone  High  Bridge,   upon  Ibme  earth 
M'hich  covered  a  large  piece  of  oak,   which  lay  pointing  as  that: 
pier  on  the  Weft  fide  of  it,  was  dug  up  an  image  of  our  blefiecl 
Saviour  on  a  crofs  patonce  fitche  at  bottom,  carved  on  an  oblong  , 
plate  of  ivory  four  inches  and   a  half  long,   and  two  inches  over 
in  the  wideft  part,  but   broken  on   the  right   fide,   and  turned  < 
black  with  lying  in  the  water  and  foil,   the  workmanfhip  pretty 
good.      It  was  bought  of  the  man  who  dug  it  up  by  Mr.  Jphnfon,; , 
Secretary,  and  fliewn  to  the  Society. 

The  foundation  of  the  faid  middle   pier  was  hexagon,  with 
regular  angles  water  ways  to  cut  the  current ;   the   dimenfions- 
26  feet  6  inches  in  length,   and  8  feet  8  inches  in  width,   with, 
two  water  tables,  each  projeiling  4  inches,   and  a  bafement  3  feet 
6  inches.     Its  width  was   10    feet;   under  it  a  deep  foundation.. 
It  lay  fo  as  that  this  bridge  led  from  the  church  lane  from  Hare- 
gate^   the  old  road,   diredlly  facing  the  Eaft  end  of  the  conventual! 
church.      I  flood  on  it  and  meafured  the  diftance  from  it  on  each; 
fide  to  the  hutments  of  the  arches,    25  feet,   fo  that  the  water 
way  was  antiently  50  feet  clear   there.      It  was  built  of  Bernac 
ragllone  aflilered  off  curioufly  with  a  double  water  table  or  fet- 

ofF^., 


71  BRIDGE    OVER    THE    WELLAND. 

off,  cut  floping,  the  upper  lays  of  which  the  ditchers  and  work- 
men with  great  difficulty  pulled  up  and  took  away,  being  joined 
with  a  cement  become  as  hard  as  the  ftone,  made  of  good  lin.e 
burnt  from  the  fame  rag- ftone,  fea  fand,  and  fhells.  They  left 
the  bafe  in  the  water  and  the  lower  water  table,  which  Ihews 
that  they  went  deeper  now  than  when  the  river  was  heretofore 
fcoured  out;  yet  the  bed  of  the  river  was  antiently  fo  much 
deeper  at  leaft,  as  that  water  table  yet  remaining  is  high  when 
the  bridge  was  built  probably  by  the  Romans.  By  the  ftatute 
1 6  and  17  Charles  II.  the  adventurers  are  obliged  to  rebuild  this 
bridge  again  of  ftone  and  lime.  The  jury  of  furvey  for  EUoc 
in  1730  have  prefented  in  their  verdid;  that  they  ought  to  do  fo, 
as  I  gave  them  in  charge  ;  and  I  propofed  to  them,  and  their  agent 
and  engineer.  Mr.  Grundy  admitted  it  Would  be  feafable,  to  doit 
by  a  fingle  cycloidical  arch,  which  Mr.  Sands,  an  architect  and 
member  of  this  Society,  could  well  execute  for  them,  be  fafer, 
t^and  fa ve; them. in  ; time  much  charges  in  repairs,  which  woodeii 
bridges  yearly  cofl  them  through  accident  and  continual  delays. 


Mr. 


1 


C    73    ] 


Account   of  a  Deed  Poll  relating  to    Skirbeck    Ho/pi tal,    in  the 

Cou?7ty   of  Lincoln. 

Mr.  Johnfon  fliewed  the  Society  a  very  fmall  deed  poll  of  feoff- 
ment of  Simon  Ton  of  Hugh  Gouch,  of  Holebcch,  to  Conan 
Letfon  {ConanoJiUo  I.ete)  and  his  heir-;,  of  all  that  land  lying  by 
Holbech  bank,  at  the  IlaiTeth  ditch,  collaterally,  between  the  faid 
bank  and  land  of  Maud  the  daughter  of  the  faid  Hugh  Gouch  ;  to 
have  and  to  hold  of  God  and  the  Bleffed  Virgin  Mary  and  St. 
John,  ^  de  fratribus  de  Schyrebecb  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus^  freely, 
quietly,  peaceably,  and  hereditarily,  paying  yevLxXy  fratribus  pre- 
dicii  bofpitaUs  de  Schyrebecb  one  j^enny  at  the  feafb  of  St.  Michael 
for  all  fervices  in  pure  and  perpetual  alms :  they  to  warranty 
againil  all  pro  fervicio prediclo.  Hiis  tejlibus\  Robert  Blund,  Robert 
de  Hotun,  Thomas  the  provoft,  Gilbert  his  fon,  Peter  Hamond  fe- 
nior,  Adlard  his  brother,  Thomas  WygolTon,  Simon  his  brother, 
Thomas  the  clerk,  and  others.  No  dales.  It  is  well  written  on 
a  fcrap  of  parchment,  and  has  had  a  feal  on  a  parchment  label, 
the  feal  loll. 

It  proves  there  was  an  hofpital  in  Skirbeck  in  this  county,  the 
warden  or  provoil:  whereof  was  a  layman,  to  whom  it  w^as  devoted, 
who  the  donor  was,  what  the  fervice,  the  lords  of  whom  the  lands 
were  anciently  holden  ;  the  penny  rent,  c-^Wtdfervicium  and  pre- 
Jiatiofeminis,  is  faid  to  be  the  rent-fervice,  the  fealty  implied. 
I  take  it  to  be  of  or  about  the  time  of  Henry  III.  perhaps  about 
the  year  1273. 

Skirbeck  is  a  recflory,  the  parilh  church  dedicated  to  St.  Nicho- 
las. Its  parifli  furrounds  the  borou_^h  of  Bolton,  whence  that 
vulgar  dillich. 

Though  Bofton  be  a  proud  town, 

Skirbeck  compailcth  it  round. 

L  Sir 


74  WILL     OF      ROBERT     R  E  L    E. 

Sir  William  Dugdale,  Mon.  Ang.  IL  547,  fays  Sir  Thomas- 
de  Moulton  dedit  reUgiafis  (i.  e.  to  the  Knights  Templars)  domiwr- 
bofpitalis  St.  Leonard!  de  Skirebec'k&  in  coiif  Lincoln^  ac  totian  ma-- 
nerium  Junm  de  Skerebeke,  ciimfuls  pej-tinentiis^  about  1 230.. 

JFill  of  Robert-  Bele. 

Mr.  Johnlbn  fliewed  an  ancient  copy,  curiouily  written  on  vel— 
him,  of  the  laft  will  of  one  Richard  Bele  of  Sj)alding,  a  perfon  of 
conflderable  eftate,  as  feems  by  his  many  devifes  of  his  lands  ancle 
tenements  there,  and  by  his  legacies  and  bequefts..  It  is  in  Latin,^ 
and  faid  to  be  dated  on  St.  Andrew's-  day,.  Nov.  30,  20  Rich.  II. 
1 3955  beginning, 

"  item,  Haec  eft  voluntas  ultima  Robert!  Bele  de  Spaldyngor- 
dinata  quod  Sarra  uxor  ejus  habeat  dotem  fuam.  Supra  vult  et: 
erdinat  quod  predi<Sla  Sarra  uxor  ejus  habeat  totum  mefliingium 
cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  fuis  abbut'  fuper  magnam  ripam  d& 
Spaldyng  quod  quondam  fuit  Joh'is  capellani  de  Spaldyng  ac 
eciamquandam.placeam  cum  pertinentiisquiie  jacent  in  Fulne,  &c.'* 

It  is  remarkable  that  the  chief  lords  of  whom  the  premifTes 
were  refpe<^ively   holden,    &c.  the  feveral   quit-rents  therefore 
payable  for  the  fame,  were  indorfed  in  a  cooeval.hand,  and  alfo  . 
thefe  two  memorandums  under  them  : 

Et  mem^  quod  ifla  ultima    voluntas  Bele  figillata  pennanet  in,- 
inanib''Kic''i  SMyrlozu.  de  Spaldyng  i 

and  underneath  that  memorandum,  that  it  had  been  agreed  be- 
tween the  teftator  and  Thomas  Bele  his  brother  (conventum  fuit) 
that  he  fhould  difpofe  of  his  lands  and  tenements  as  in  his  will  ■ 
he  had  done,  as.  hewoiiW  coram  fumjno  judice  Jud{2orum\  and  yet  . 
he  left  a  ion  and  two  daughters,  on  whom  he  entailed  his  eltate,  , 
with   crofs  remainders,    remainder  to  his  brother's  children   by 
this   very  will,  the  reverfion.  to  trwftees  for  pious  ufcs. 

5.  Account.. 


C    71    1 


Account  of  the  Imperial  Armoury  at  Brussels,  chiefly  the  arms  oj 

flate  of  tbe  Auitrian /ivw/'/v. 

Communicated  by  Dr.  Grekn',  Secrcfary,  from  the  Keeper  thereof. 

Les  armes  de  parade  du  feu  TEniperenr  Charles  V.  de  glorieufe 
Tnemoire.  Elles  es  maiquinees  en  or  de  ducat,  aiufi  que  celles  de 
fon  cheval.     Eftimees  5000  florins. 

Les  armes  de  parade  du  feu  archiduc  Albert  de  glorieufe  me- 
moire,   8c  celles  de  fon  cheval :   eftimees  4000  florins. 

Les  armes  de  parades  du  feu  le  jeune  prince  eledoral  de  Ba- 
viere  Sc  fon  eftendart  avcc  lequel  il  faifoit  les  exercifes. 

D"^'  de  feu  Tarchiduc  Erneft  de  glorieufe  memoire  :  crtimecs 
4000  florins. 

D°  de  feu  le  prince  de  Parma,  Alexandre  Farnefe,  de  glorieufe 
memoire,  8c  celles  de  fon  cheval :   eftimees  3000  florins. 

D°  de  feu  le  due  d'Albe,  governeur  des  pais  has  qui  fit  tran- 
cher  le  tete  aux  comtes  d'Egmont  &:  d'Horne.  Efliimees  u  3000 
florins. 

La  picque  8c  les  armes  de  fer  noir  de  I'archduc  Albert,  au  fiege 
d'Oftend,  fur  lequel  il  recut  4  coups  de  fufil,  8c  tout  bleffe  que  fon 
cheval  eftoit  il  ramena  fon  maitre  hors  du  combat. 

L'epee  de  parade  de  feu  Henry  IV.  roy  de  France,  de  glor. 
mem.  qu"'il  envoy  a  a  Laurence  due  Albert,  par  un  heraut  d'armes 
pour  lui  declarer  la  guerre. 

L'epee  de  parade  du  feu  due  d'Albe  qu'il  portoit  deiTus  I'arcoii 
de  la  felle  pour  fa  gree  quand  le  piftoUet  manquoit. 

Les  armes  de  parade  du  feu  I'Erapereur  Maximilien,  de  glo- 
rieufe memoire  :  eftimees  3000  florins, 

Les  armes  de  fer  noir  du  feu  le  prince  de  Parma  fur  lefquelles 
il  recut  4  couj)«  de  fufil. 

L  1  Les 


76  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  ARMOURY  AT  BRUSSELS. 

Les  armes  fortes  cle  feu  du  due  d'Albc  fur  kfquelles  ii  receut 
une  coup  de  fufil  a  balle  d'argeiit  dans  la  ville  d'Anvers  par  la 
feneitre  d'un  favetier. 

Les  armes  de  fer  blanc  de  Philippe  le  Bon  de  Courgogtie  du. 
temps  quon  fe  battait  a  la  lance. 

l.'erendart  de  Francois  1.  roi  de  Ffance  lorfqu'il  fut  pris  a  la  ba- 
tailje  de  Pavie  par  i'armee  de  I'empereur  Charles  V. 

Deux  etendars  dc  la  bataille  de  Landen  des  gens  d'arme  8c 
garde  corps  de  France,  que  S.  A.  eleiloraie  de  Baviere  gagna  fur  le 
champ  de  bataille. 

Les  armes  de  parade  de  feu  le  prince  cardinal,  qui  batit  deux 
armees  devant  la  ville  de  Louvain,   avec  raififtance  des  eftudians. 

Les  armes  de  parade  de  feu  don  Jean  d'Autriohe,  qui  prit  la  ville 
de  Valenciennes  Sc  Monf.  de  la  Ferte  que  y  gouvernoit  pour 
Loviis  XIV.  roi  de  France. 

Les  armes  de  parade  de  I'archduc  Leopold  general  des  Efpagnols, 
de  glorieufe  memoire,  fur  lefquelles  il  recut  un  coup  de  fufil. 

D"  de  don  Jean  d'  Autriche,  qui  gagna  la  bataille  de  Lepante 
contre  400,000  Tvices. 

D'  de  due  de  Lorrain :  en  fe  fiant  fur  icelles  il  receut  un  coup 
de  fufil  dont  il  retia  fur  la  place. 

Quatre  pieces  d'  armes  a  Tlndienne  a  I'efpreuve  des  fleflies  qui 
font  encore  empoilbn.nees,  &  dont  on  y  voit  une  grande  quantite. 

Un  rondeau  de  fer  noir  de  FEmpr.  Charles  V..  remplie  des 
tres  belles  figures,    ellime  io,oqo  i\. 

Une  lance  du  meme  emp,  Charles  V.  tenant  deux  piftolets 
rayez  qui  donnent  en  tirant  5  blelTures  difterentes,  pour  la  chafle 
des  fangliers. 

Une  cafque  du  mefme  empereur  rempli  des  trcs  belles  figures ; 
eftimee  t 0,000  florins. 

Un  moulquet  de  bois  d'ebene  garni  d'argent  du  feu  Tinfante  Ifa- 
bulle  de  glorieufe  memoire,      11  elt  raye,  &;  tire  a  6oQ.pas. 

La. 


ACCOUNT  OF  THE  ARMOURY  AT  BRUSSELS.  77 

Le  chcaiife  de  mail  du  niemc  Empereur  Sc  une  rondeau  tenant 
2  poignards  &  une  lanterne,  nve  cquoy  il  alloit  de  nuit  voir  ce  que 
fe  palibit  dans  la  ville  de  BruxcUes. 

\Ja  rondeau  d'atier  du  mefme  Empcreur  rempli  des  tres  belles 
figures  reprefentans  le  licge  de  Rome;  eltime  15,000  florins. 
Elle  ell:  gravee  avec  le  point  d'un  diamant. 

Le  premier  modclle  des  canons..  II  tire  7  coups  en  particulier 
ou  tous  a  la  fois  pour  en  faire  des  grands. 

Le  chcval  rembaurre  de  I'lnfante  Ifabelle  fur  lequel  elle  fit  fon 
entree  dans  la  ville  de  Bruxelles.  Elle  laiffa  fur  la  peau  une  felie 
de  200,000  florins  en  diamans  8c  rubis. 

D°  de  I'archduc  Albert,  qui  luy  fauva  la  vie  au  fiegc  d'Oflende,, 
dont  on  volt  I'epitaphe  ici  pres. 

D°  de  raixbduc  Leopold.  11  fe  mettoit  a  genoux  Sc  faifoit  la- 
reverence  aux  dames. 

L'epee  de  parade  de  TEmpcreur  Charles  V.  avec  lequel  on  cree 
chevaliers  de  la  Toifon  d'Or  dans  les  Pais  Bas. 

Trois  grandes,  banderoUes  du  mefme  Empereur  avec  lefquelles 
il  fut  en  Afrique  centre  les  Maures. 

Plufieurs  autres  antiquitez  8c  cuiiofitez  dans  la  fallc  au  deflus 
des  efcuries  royaks  de  la-cour  a  Bruxelles .. 

The  royal  armoury  in  the  Tower  of  London  contains  many 
curious  and  coilly  pieces  of  armour,  of  which  Mr.  Chamberlain  in 
his  Prefent  State  of  England  gives  no  account,  only  what  relates 
to  the  Ordnance,  and  whereof  the  Secretary  propofed  as  defired 
to  procure  a  catalogue  from  his  worthy  acquaintance  William 
Nicholas,  efq;  keeper  thereof ;  but,  on  defiring  it,  that  cautiou:- 
gentleman  declined  giving  it,  as  improper  for  him, to  do. 


Aaionnt 


C   78   3 


Account  of  a  Dad  PoIL 

Mi%  Johnlbn,  Iccretai  y,  fliewed  the  Society  a  grant  of  an  an- 
nuity by  deed  poll,  very  neatly  written  on  an  oblong  fquare  piece 
of  parchment,  from  Ifabel  de  Fortibus,  countefs  of  Albemarle  and 
Devonfliire,  to  Adam  de  Stratton,  her  clerk,  of  22/.  6  J".  8^^.  to  be 
received  at  the  Exchequer  of  our  fovereign  lord  the  king  in  that 
county,  at  the  hands  of  the  llieriffs  thereof  for  the  time  being, 
from  year  to  year,  as  due  to  her  thereout,  in  her  right  of  receiv- 
ing the  third  penny  of  her  heritage,  i.  e.  of  the  faid  county,  as 
filter  and  heir  of  Baldwin  de  Redvers  deceafed,  laft  earl  of  Devon 
of  that  family,  under  her  oval  feal  of  arms,  in  green  wax,  on  an 
efcutcheon  hanging  on  a  branch  of  a  tree.  Gules,  a  crofs  patonce 
raire  •■% 

S.  iISABELLE    •    FORTIBS    •    COMITISSE    •     ALBE. 

dated  on  Monday  next  after  the  feaft  of  St.  Luke  (10  061.)  51 
Henry  III.  i.  e.  A.  D.  i  267.  If  this  was  Adam  de  Stratone,  clerk 
of  the  Treafury  and  baron  of  the  Exchequer,  he  was  fo  immenfely. 
rich  that  the  king  feized  thirteen  cart  loads  of  gold  and  filver 
belonging  to  him  t,  rated,  1290,  i8  Edward  I.  at  16,000 
marks  of  new  money,  and  3000  of  fi^Gie|.  If  it  was  Adara 
de  Stratton,  he  might  be  her  confeflbr,  and  brother  of  Wil- 
liam de  Stratton,  juftice  itinerant.  But  I  am  rather  inclined 
to  believe  it  of  the  former,  of  whom  I  find  in  Madox's  Hiftory 
of  the  Exchequer  §,  that  this  countefs,  who  was  a  chamberlain 
in  fee  of  the  king's  Exchequer,  •i:)refented  to  the  barons  Adam 
de  Stratton,  to  a6t  for  her  in  the  Exchequer  of  receipt,    i  and  2 

■'•  York's  Union  of  Honour,  p.  1 2 1 .  •)•  Leland's  Coll.  I.  443. 

t  Ibid.  p.  356.  .§P-  7 34,  735- 

Edward 


ACCOUNT     OF     A     DEED      POLL.  T9 

Edward  I.  Rot.  76,  and  two  years  after  granted  to  him  an  eftate 
in  lands  with  the  laid  office,   with  all  its  appurtenances,   to  hold 
of  the  king  and  his  heirs  in  fee  ;  and  thereupon  the  king  received 
his  hcmage,   and  confirmed  her  charter  thereof,   and  commanded 
the  treafurer  and  barons  to  admit  him  and  his  heirs,   or  their  at- 
tornies  thereunto,,  in  like  manner  as  had  been  ufed  in  the  time 
of  the  faid  countcfs  and    her  anceilors   (Michaelmas  communia 
4  and  5  E.  I.   Rot.  2.  a.),  by  whichV  and  the  office  of  Ponder ator 
(Pefour)y  he  a^malfed  his  vaft  wealth.      He  was  removed  from  his 
laid  office  of  chamberlain,  1  7  Jan.  1 8  E.  L  isqo---  ;  and  Michael- 
mas 30  and  31  of  the  fame  king,  being  attainted  of  felony,   the 
fame  became  forfeited  1 303  to  his  majefty  t.  But  thi^  grant  was  to 
laft  no  longer  than  whilll  the  grantee  or  his  affigns  flioukl  have 
received  21  a  marks,   which  the  countefs  became  bound  to  him  iii 
by  two  obligations,   and  alfo  have  had  all  his  damages  which  he 
fliall  have  fuitained   far  that  he  had  not  the  monies  {o  fecured  to 
him  paid  him  at  the  times    therein  contained,   and  applied-  for 
payment    thereof.      He,  with  others,. ,  for  oppreffing  the  fuitors 
of  the  king's  courts,  during  his  long  Hay  in  Gafcoigne,   were  at ' 
his  return,   by    judgment  of  parliament,  obliged  to   abjure  the 
realm  |.     Of  thele  Sir  Thomas  de  Weyland,   lord  chief  jullice  of 
the  court  of  Common  Pleas,  was  one^   whofe  lady   bringing  or 
fuing  a  \vrit  in  her  own  name,    without  her  huToand,  he  being 
alive,  but   in   exile,  gave  occafion,    faith   lord   Coke  j|,    for  this 
epigram,   beeaufe  man  and  wife  are  deemed  ])ut  as  one  perfon  in 
law,    and  they  ought  to  have  joined,  but  that  by  baniflimentlie." 
was  in  \2.w  hQcomc  civilitey  niortuus, 

Ecce  modo  tnirum  qiwd  fmnina  fert  breve  repis 
Non  norjiinando  njirum  co7yunBum.  robore  legis.  ■ 


Leian  I,  lb.  7;5..-..  t  lb.  734. 

i'l-ic.  Pari.  49  E.  r/  J!  I  Infl.  c.  xi.  f.  132,  b. 


Account- 


[    8o    ] 

Account  of  a  Deed  of  Feofnent. 

The  Secretary  coQimunicated  to  the  Society  a  deed  of  feoftment, 
indented  in  manner  of  a  cyrograph,  between  Richard  abbot  and 
the  convent  of  Peterborough  to  Walter  fil.  Will,  de  Bikere,  of  a 
tenement  in  Spalding,  formerly  Richard  Clarke's,  with  two  very 
curious  fcals  on  green  wdx,  one  oval  of  the  abbot,  and  one  round 
of  the  convent.  There  is  this  claufe  in  the  Habend.  fibi  ^  hej-e. 
dihus  fuh  vel  quibufcunque  afignatis  exceptis  Jucteis  Sc  viris  reli- 
giofis  aliis  a  nobis.  Hiis  tejiibus  ;  mag'yJro  Roberto  de  Shefeld  tunc 
Jen.  burgi^    and  fiM  others  of  that  place  and  Spalding  by  name. 

I'he  al)l)(;t's  feal,  oval,  has  an  abbot  in  pontificalibuswith  a  crown 
in  his  right  hand,  a  bible  held  on  his  bread  in  his  left,  in  an 
arch  of  pinacle  work,  the  moon  and  il:ars  interiperied  about  him, 
un   each    fide   two    kevs   palewife.      Inicription  broken    in    part 

GRA  '.  ABBATIS  .  DS  .  BVRGO  .  S  .  PGT  . 

^o  Jecretum  or  counterfeal  on  the  reverfe. 
The  conventual  feal,  round,  has  St.  Peter  litting  in  a  fqnare  ca- 
nopy, the  keys  in  his  right  hand,  his  left  held  out  expanded  as 
preaching,  on  his  right  an  altar,  v;ith  the  pix,  and  hoif,  and 
crofs ;  on  his  left  a  church  ;  the  top  of  the  canopy  embelliflied 
with  a  crown,  and  terminating  in  a  crofs.  On  the  fringe  over 
his  head  this  infcrijition,   ELEDETVS  .  APV  .*  round  the   rim 

of  the  feal    milled,   TV  P6 OM.     the  interval 

broken.      To  this  the  counterfeal  or  an  impreffion  on  the  reverfe 
is    very    curious,     being    round,    but  much  lefs,  therefore    not 
broken  on  the  edges.      The  infcription  round  this  counterfeal  is 
.f  S  GN'MBVRGeNSSI  CRVCe,  CLAVe,  ReFVLGeT  GT  eNse. 
Eoth  feals  are  appendant  on  j^archment  labels.      The  deed  is 
indented  through  eight  great  letters,   and  indorfed 
Concefflo  abbatis  de  Bur  go  Sci  Petri  Jadfa, 
Walt,  de  Byker. 

["  ^  Scs  Pitnis  ApoiloUis. 

t  Mr.  johnfon  thinks  Signum  ufed  for  Sigillum ;  but  query,  if  act  a  Sigle  for  //  F 

Scian,t 


ACCOUNT    OF    A    DEED    OF    FEOFFMENT.        8* 

"  Sciant  prefentes  S^c  futuri  quod  nos  Wilts  dc  Wylughby,  miles,  diis  dc  Erefby, 
Bi  Plius  le  Defpenfer,  miles,  conceliimus,  deliheravimiis,  &  hac  prefenti  carta  nr;i 
indentata  conlirmavlmus  Rotiro  filio  dni  Rotiti  de  Wylughby  niilitis  mip  dni  de 
Erefby  frat'  mei  di(fi:'  VVilii  manerium  nrm,  cum  ptin'  fuis,  in  villis  Jc  Boftun,  VVy- 
berton,  Frampton,  Kyrton,  8c  Beker,  qua;  vocamuv  Si/ttoalaiid ;  qnod  qniflein  maneri- 
um, meff',  tre,  prata,  parcue,pan;ur',  reddit',  revliones  &  fer vie',  qu3B  quoad  hiert  dift: 
dni  Robti  de  Wylughby  railitis  imp  dni  de  Erefby  patris  mei  diet'  Willi,  Imd'  & 
tenend'  pdift'  manerium,  iimulcum  predidfrnes',  tris,  pratis,  pafcuis,  pailuris,  reddit', 
revfionib',  &  fervic'  predift'Robto  de  Wylughby  fratri  mei  dift'  Willi,  faciend'  inde 
pro  nobis  &  heredib'  Hris  capitalib'  dnz  feod'  fervic'  inde  debit'  &:  de  jure  conHiet'. 
Preterea  volumus  8i  concedimus  qd  poll  mortem  difti  R^obti  predid'  manjr'  de  Beker 
cum  ptin'  fuis  remaneat  Thome  de  Wylughby  &  heredibs  mafculis  ipfuis  Thome 
de  corpore  Elizab'  uxoris  fue  legitime  procreatis,  tenend'  de  nobis  &  heredibs  fratris 
mei  dift'  Willi  per  fervic'  quatenus  ad  manerium  illud  pertinet.  Et  ultcrius  con- 
cedimus quod  omnia  ilia  mefs',  tre,  prata,  pafcua,  pafture,  reddit',  revliones,  8c  fer- 
vic', in  villis  de  Boflon,  Wyberton,  Frampton,  Kyrton,  &  Beker  pred',  qua;  vocan- 
tur  Suttonland,pofl:  mortem  predi^ti  Robti  remaneant  predift' Thome  de  Wylughby 
fratri  pdifli  RoBti,,  habend'&  tenend' predift'  Thome,  ad  teminum  vite  fue,  de  nobis 
&  heredibs  fratris  mei  didi  Willi,  faciend'  inde  capitalibus  dnis  feodi  illius  fervicia 
inde  debita  &de  jure  confueta.  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  huic  carts  indentar:i?  figilla 
pend'  predidV*  alternatim  funt  appenfa.  Hiis  teftibus,  Jolie  de  Copeldyk,  Uado  de 
Rocheford  militibus,  Johe  de  Meers  de  Kyrton,  Thoma  de  Welby  de  eadem, 
Jolie  Claymondde  Frampton  &  aliis.  Dat'  apud  Toft  in  Holand,'primo  die  mentis 
Maii,  anno  regni  regis  Ricardi  fecundi  poft  conqueflum  Anglic  vicefimo." 

The  feal  bears  quarterly  i,  4.  S.  a  crofs  engrailed  Or,  2,  3, 
Gules,  a  crofs  moiine  Azure,  Beck  or  Bekg.  The  firft  is  the  coat 
of  UfFord,  earl  of  Suffolk,  one  of  whofe  heirs  was  Sir  Robert  Wy- 
lughby, the  father  of  the  feoffee,  being  fon  of  Cecilia,  the  eldeft 
filler  and  heir  of  William  Ufford,  earl  of  Suffolk,  and  John  lord 
Wylughby,  great  grandfon  of  Alice,  daughter  and  coheirefs  of 
John  Bee,  lord  of  Erefby.  5  Henry  III.  Catharine  dutchefs  of 
Suffolk,  heirefs  of  the  family  of  this  lord  Wylughby  of  Bek  and 
Erefby,  married  Richard  Bertie,  efq;  and  from  that  match  the 
illuflrious  houfe  of  Ancafter  is  defcended,  and  quarter  thefe  arms 
of  Ufford  and  Bek,  and  enjoy  the  eftate  at  this  day  *. 

*The  arms  are  fupported  by  the  two  palmers,  from  one  of  whom  iffues  a  label 
Jve  Maria,    All  that  remains  of  ihe  circumfcription  is  de  gre. ,    .  , 

M  The 


8a        ACCOUNT    OF    A   DEED  OF     FEOFFMENT. 

The  other  and  fmaller  feal  has  the  arms  of  Defpenfer,  Barry, 
and  a  canton  Ermine,  circiimfcribed  Sigillu  Fhilippi  Defpenfer. 

Le  Defpenfer,  Difpenfator^  from  one  of  that  noble  family  who 
was  fteward  of  the  houfliold  to  William  I.  Sir  Philip  Spenfer, 
knt.  was  fummoned  to  parliament  alfo  as  a  peer  by  the  title  of 
Philip  le  Defpenfer,  as  a  baron,  from  ii  Richard  II.  to  2  Henry 
IV.     He  was  conftable  of  our  army  in  France  4  Richard  II. 

This  Sir  William  Willoughby,  knt.  was  fummoned  to  par- 
liament as  a  peer  of  the  realm  by  the  title  of  Willielmus  de  Wil- 
loughby, as  a  baron,  from  20  Richard  II.  that  year  his  father 
died,  to  his  own  death,  1 1  Henry  IV.  and  was  one  of  the  peers  in 
the  parliament  of  22  Richard  II.  at  which  time  that  king  formally 
refigned  the  crown.  2  Henry  IV.  he  was  retained  to  attend  that 
king  in  his  wars  againft  Scotland,  with  3  knights  befides  himfelf, 
27  foldiers,  and  169  archers.  This  \Y2iS  xheferviciuinforinfecum. 
It  coniifted  in  military  duty,  and  payment  of  aid,  fcutage,  &c. 

The  grant  is  to  Robert  Willoughby  for  life,  with  reverfion  of 
the  ancient  fervice  to  his  half  brother  the  feoffer,  and  his  heir,  as 
chief  lords ;  and  as  to  the  manor  of  Beker,  with  remainder  to 
Thomas  Willoughby,  another  half  brother  of  the  faid  feofFer's,  in 
fpecial  tail  male,  with  reverfion  of  foreign  fervice  to  the  faid  fe- 
otfer  and  his  heirs ;  and  as  to  Sutton  lands,  with  remainder  to  the 
faid  Thomas  for  life,  with  remainder  of  ancient  fervices  to  the 
chief  lords  of  that  fee,  purfuant  to  the  ftatute  of  ^ia  Employes 
'Terrar.  Weftminiler  3,  for  preferving  their  rights  in  confirma- 
tion of  the  fecond  chapter  of  Magna  Charta.  Anno  1390,  Ro- 
bert de  Willoughby,  Philip  le  Defpenfer,  and  feven  other  noble- 
men and  gentlemen,  were  commiflioners  for  taking  an  inqueft  of 
perambulation  between  Holland  and  Kcfteven  ;  and  John  Meers, 
Thomas  Willoughby,  and  Stephen  Copuldyke  were  of  the  jury 
cut  of  the  parilh  of  Holland,  Lincolnfliire.  Sir  Ralph  Rochford 
lived  near  Bofton  at  Rochford  Tower,  ftill  Handing.  The  wit- 
4  neffes 


ACCOUNT  OF  AN  ANCIENT  LEASE.  83 

neflcs  were  all  gentlemen  of  North  Holland.  Sir  John  Copul- 
dyke  of  Harmhigton  was  llieriif  of  Lmcolnfliire  17  Richard  II. 
and  I  and  8  Henry  IV.  Ralph  Rochford  8  Henry  IV. 

Account  of  an  ancient  Lsafe  *. 

Mr.  Everard,  a  member,  fliewed  the  Society  a  leafe  indentured 
Dn  vellum,  but  badly  written,  dated  2  Jan.  2,9  Henry  VIII.  with 
his  then  new  ftyle  in  erth  fupreme  head  of  the  church  of  England, 
between  the  rev.  fadre  in  God  Richard  t  prior  of  the  monafterie 
of  our  blefled  Lady  and  St.  Nicholas  of  Spalding,  in  the  county  of 
Lincoln,  and  the  convent  of  the  fame  place,  of  the  one  party,  and 
RanufF  White,  of  Spalding  aforefaid,  yeoman,  on  the  other  party, 
of  a  mefluage  and  3  a  acres  of  land  and  pafture  in  Spalding  and 
Pynchebek,  whereof  the  faid  meiTuage  6  acres  and  i  rood  lye  in 
Pynchebek,  abutting  upon  Redy  Graft  againft  the  South  and 
Burne  Ea  North;  5  acres  more  there  fo  abutted,  3  abutting 
upon  Fulney  field  drove  South,  it>  acres  in  Spalding,  Sterfen- 
graft  North  10  acres  refidue  thereof  the  fame  North.  To  hold 
for  Lxxxx  years  each  from  different  terras,  viz.  the  meffuage  and 
\i  acres  in  Pynchbeck  from  Philip  and  Jacob  then  next  for 
LXXXX  years,  and  the  20  acres  in  Spalding  from  Lady-day  then 
next  for  the  like  term,  under  the  yearly  rent  of  fifty  and  fix  fliil- 
lings  and  8d.  i.  e.  at  Lady-day,  by  the  hands  of  their  reive  of 
Palmer  in  Spalding,  and  by  the  hands  of  their  reives  of  Pynch- 
beck, with  covenants  from  the  lelfee  to  keep  in  repair,  and  from 
the  leflbr  that  he  plant  and  cut  timber  and  underwood.  In  wit- 
"nefs,  8ic.  the  faid  prior  and  convent  put  to  their  common  feal 
in  the  chapter-houfe  at  Spalding  to  one  partj  and  the  leffee  his 
feal  to  the  other  part. 

*  See  a  letter  from  Mr.  Johiifon  to  Dr.  Stukeley,  in  the  Rcliquis  Galeana;,  p. 
90,  where  the  two  fides  of  the  abbey  feal  are  engraved  plate  IV. 

•f  Riciiard  Talmer,  alias  Elcyiij  alias  Nc'fon,  who  furrendcred  the  priory  into 
the  king's  hands  1540,  two  years  after  the  date  of  this  icafc. 

M   a  I'here 


84  ON     CROWNED     CAPITAL     LETTERS. 

There  is  a  claufe  in  this  deed  for  re-entry  on  non-payment  in 
20  days  after  each  feftival,  and  in  a  more  modern  hand  in  the 
margin  over  againit  it, 

"  The  lands  in  Pinchbeck  purchafed  by  the  lord  admiral." 

On  crowned  capital  letters. 

Probably  the  crowned  Z  was  in  honour  of  the  archbifliop- 
Thomas  Becket,  commonly  called  Thomas  the  Martyr,  and  had 
in  high  reverence.  I  have  frequently  feen  the  crowned  CD  fo 
crowned  in  honour  of  the  Bleffed  Virgin  Mary,  and  particularly 
in  that  piece  of  painted  glafs,  an  account  of  which  was  commu- 
nicated by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wefley,  of  Epworth,  a  member,  from  his 
parifh  church  of  Epworth,  in  this  county,  which  feems  to  include 
the  capital  of  Jefus  in  a  cypher,  under  an  arched  crown  of  three 
leaves  ;  but  the  fame  letter  CD  is  fo  crowned  as  this  o,  painted 
with  white  on  red  and  green  grounds,  in  the  pannels  of  Mr.  J ohn- 
fon's  feat  in  Spalding  parifli  church.  On  fome  carved  inefcntcheons 
under  the  window  bafes  of  oak  in  the  prior's  hall  window  of  his 
country  feat  at  Wykham,  this  houfe  being  dedicated  to  the  Virgin 
Mary  (and  St.  Nicholas),  the  letter  CD  is  not  only  crowned,  but 
radiate. 

Mr,  Johnfon  on  a  Chantry  at  Lowtb. 

Mr.  Johnfon,  fecretary,  fliewed  the  original  inftitution  of 
foundation  of  the  chantry  of  the  Holy  Trinity  in  the  chapel  of 
the  Bleffed  Virgin  Mary  at  Lowth,  in  this  county,  endorfed  Ordi- 
naco  cantarie  'Thome  de  Luda  in  ecelefta  de  Luda,  whereby  he  gives 
feveral  houfes  and  lands  for  maintaining  of  William  de  Setford,  a 
prieft,  and  his  fucceffors,  to  fupport  the  fervice  of  prayers  en- 
joined. It  begins,  "  Univerfis  fan6le  matris  ecclefie  filiis  pre- 
'*  fentem  cartam  vifuris  vel  audituris,  Thomas  de  Luda  canonicus 

"Lincoln 


MR.  JOHNSON  ON-  A. CHANTRY  AT  LOWTH.  85- 

**  Lincoln  lalutemin  domino  fempiternam ;"  and  ends,  "  Hiis  tefli- 
bus,  d'no  Simone  le  Chaumblcys,.milite,  Walt'o  Rybaud,  Henrico 
Malherbe,  Henrico  de  Stiveton,  Rogero  Sibill,  &  aliis.    Dat.  up  Lu- 
tertio  die  menfis  Aprilis,  anno  D'ni  raiU'io  ccc.  feptimo  decimo' 
(i.e.  3  April,  to  Edward  II.  1317)   for  the  fouls  of  William  the 
•faid  founder's  father,  Margaret  his  mother,  his  brother,  and  all 
his  benefaftors,  every  day  at  the  altar  of  the  faid  Holy  Trinity,  to 
hold  to  the  faid  chaplain  and  his  fucceffors  in  free,  pure,  and  per- 
petual alms,  for  their  fuftenance ;   five  collects  to  be  faid  in  the 
mafs  fo  appointed,  one  for  the  founder's  health  of  his  body  and 
foul  whilit  living,  and  when  dead,  for  his  foul ;   the  fecond  for 
the  fouls   of  his  father  and  mother ;  third,    for  his    brethren ; 
fourth,  for  his  benefactors  ;   fifth,   for  all  faithful  living  or  dead, 
except  on  certain  feftivals  therein  mentioned,  when  certain  offices 
are  appointed  in  lieu  thereof,  exprefsly  ordering  and  enjoining  the 
chaplain  not  to  wafte  or  indifcreetly  difpofe  of  any  thing  fo  fettled 
or  given  for  the  fupport  of  himfclf  and  his  proper  clerk  ;   at  leail 
not  of  the  chalice,   books,  veilments,  and  other  ornaments  requi- 
fite  to  the  faid  chantry,  which  the  faid  founder  has  provided,  and 
which  the  chaplains  for  the  time  to  come  were  to  minifter,  repair^ 
and  preferve,  fo  that  neither  the  re6tor  of  the  mother  church  nor 
vicar  fliould  have  power  over  the  goods.  Sec.  of  the  fiiid  chantry, 
nor  the  chaplain  to  devife  it  nor  the  profits  thereof  by  his  wilL 
The  chaplain  to  affift  at  divine  fervice  in  the  faid  church  of  Louth, 
particularly  in    finging.      On    death,    celEon,   or    amotion,  the 
profits  to  be  referved  for  the  fuccelfor ;   in  ficknefs,  to  take  care 
that  the  duty  be  done  by  fome  deputy  ;   every  new  chaplain  to  be 
fworn  to  obferve  thefc  ordinances ;   and  after  the  founder's  de- 
ceafe,  to  come  in  by    collation  of  the  lord  billiop  of  Lincoln.  - 
There  is  ?i/a/vo  Jure  matr/'s  ecclefie prebendalis  de  Liulo  pred'icie  in-  ■ 
ferted  here  and  there;   andjuft  before  the  clofe  are  the  Ibrms  of 
the  five  colledls  above  enjoined,  as  prefcribed   to  be  faid  by  the 
chantry  prieits. . 

1  liave^: 


86  MR.  JOHNSON  ON  A  CHANTRY  AT  LOWTR. 

I  have  made  the  abih\i6t  of  the  foundation  of  this  chantry 
fuller,  to  fliew  the  nature  and  defign  of  fuch  fort  of  chantries, 
which  were  difufcd  as  fuperftitious  by  the  ftatutes  37  Henry  VIII, 
and  I  Edward  VI.  chap.  14,  and  were  fo  common,  that  there 
was  hardly  a  church  in  England  without  fuch  a  foundation  in  it. 

Now  to  give  fome  account  of  the  founder,  I  find  that  he  was 
conftituted  a  prebendary  of  Sexaginta  Solidorum,  in  the  cathedral 
church  of  Lincoln,  which  he  quitted  for  that  of  Welton  Paynf- 
hall  in  the  fame  church  131 2,  and  that  for  Marilon  St.  Lawrence 
there  1315,  which  he  left  the  year  after,  being  collated  to  that 
of  Lang  ford  Manors,  2  3,  June,  1321.  He  was  inftituted  trea- 
furer  of  the  faid  cathedral,  and  died  1329,  as  appears  by  the 
probate  of  his  will  in  April  that  year*. 

The  prebendary  of  Louth  has  his  title  from  a  prebend  in  the 
faid  cathedral  church,  fo  named  of  Louth,  a  great  market  town 
in  Lincolnfliire,  where  the  prebendary  has,  as  I  judge  (fays  Wil- 
hs,  p.  2 1  2),  the  tithes  and  advowfon  ;  and  about  the  time  of  the 
foundation  of  this  chantry  therein,  William  de  Melton,  the  pre- 
bendary thereof,  was  made  archbifliop  of  York,  and  fucceeded  in 
his  prebend  by  Goceline  Cardinalis.  Lowth  was  given  to  the  ca- 
thedral church  of  Lincoln  by  William  L  as  feems  by  his  fon  Wil- 
liam thefecond's  confirmation  t. 


Mr.  Johnfon  exhibited,  1750,  a  fragment  of  a  faculty  or 
licence  on  vellum,  dated  Feb.  10,  1398-9,  under  the  leal  of 
Beaufort,  bilhop  of  Lincoln  1397  — 1405,  to  take  confeffions  of 
penitents,  and  enjoin  falutary  penances,  even  in  cafes  of  right  as 
nccullomed  belonging  to  him  as  bilhop,  faving  in  fome  notorious 
offences,  as  adultery  of  virgins,  and  notorious  and  long  continued 
inceft,  &c. 

*  See  Browne  Willis's  Survey  of  Lincoln  carhcdr;il,  p.  93.  199.  214.  2^7.  262. 
f  Men.   Ang.  III.  260.  Pat.  B  11.  VI.  p.  2.  m.  10.  and  tlic  bull  of  pope  Ho- 
iK.rius,  dat.  1125.     lb.  269, 

-     Spalding 


Z  87  ] 


Spalding  Vicars,  from  Lincoln  Registers. 


Vicars. 

Registers. 

1220. 

William  de  Hautbarg,  cap. 

Wells,  A"  20. 

1249. 

Robert  de  Hungerford. 

Grofthead,  A°  15. 

1276. 

Richard  de  Spalding,  diac'. 

Rot'  Gravefend,  dorfo. 

1309. 

Richard  Thurgar. 

Dalderby,  mem.  fol.  13 1. 

I3H. 

Walter  de  Rowceby,  cap'. 

Inftit'Dalderby. 

1320. 

Alexander  de  Halton,  prefbyter. 
Roger  Colyn,  qui  permuuvit  cura 

Burgherfche. 

1359- 

William  de  Mere. 

Gynevvelle. 

1398. 

Gilbert  Faune. 

Beaufort. 

1407. 

William  liuUe,  prefbyter. 

Repingdon. 

1413- 

John  Waynflete,  prefb)'ter. 

lb. 

Hoc  anno  dotata  fuit  vicaria  de  Spalding. 


5ir 


88 


INSCRIPTIONS    IN    ASIA    MINOR. 


Sir  James  Fowlis  communicated  the  following  infcriptious,  in 
Afia  iviinor. 

At  Chattara,  a  village  in  Turkey  : 


\Jrror  c  //  /7  e 


Ul 


t  p  cu  r  A 
KA  rA  X  O     I 


Over  a  vepofitory,  within  a  vault,  whofe  entrance  has  wreathed 
architeiSlure  between  two  pilafters,  on  their  capitals  bulls  faces  ; 
on  each  fide  a  pannel  with  a  laurel  wreath,  the  roof  of  two 
arches,  on  the  right  hand  one  a  fair  buft  with  a  crefcent  on  her 
head,  on  the  other  a  man. 

eroTG  cecHnANE  mot  epaxA  kataxghn  ot  katah€, 

Annos  equidem  mors  Jeparavit  non  autem  meum  fecum  deduxit 

amorem. 

On  another, 

HEB  :.  n  HI  \:  OJi 

NTIA  EI. 

A  third  on  a  cornice,  five  feet  and  a  half  worked  into  a  wall ; 
the  letters  undivided  : 

IXAnOAOSlXAnoAO 

KTPIAKCD 

KAGcdG 

ANecipe^eN 

TCD 

OlKcD 

EN  CD 

ANH  .  PA-i^H. 

An 


LAUD    FROM    ASFORDBY    CIIARTULARY.        8^' 

An  old   Laud   from  Asfordby  Chaitulary,    which  begins    15 
Edward  IV.'     (MS.  N"  XGVL) 

Fader  of  heven  yat  nere  begyniiynge  hadd 

Maker  of  the  erthe  and  of  evy  creature 

Of  refonable  and  unrefonable  botthe  godc  and  badde 

An  all  for  our  weele  and  eke  to  pleafiire 

As  all  mankynde  in  certayne  doth  rememur 

"Wherefore  blefled  Lorde  we  laude  and  hertily  thanke  the 

Of  that  grete  gentilneffe  fliewed  to  other  and  eke  to  me. 

Infcription  on  an  obeUik  in  Caftle  Howard  park  : 

YIRTUTI  ET  FORTUNiE  JOH'iS  MARLBURI^  DUCIS  PATRIvF. 
EUROPiEQ..  DEFENSORIS  HOC  SAXUM  FAM^  ET  ADMIRATIONI 
SACRUM  CAROLUS  COMES  CARLIOLENSIS  POSUIT.  A.  D. 
1713- 

The  feal  of  St.  Thomas's  Hofpital  at  Rome,  founded  for  Je- 
fuits  by  John  Scopard,    an  EngUlliman,  has  under  the  Trinity  an 
archbifhop  holding  in  his  right  hand  Old  France  and  England 
quarterly,    over  againll  his  face  an  annulet ;   infcription, 
■'  S.  cura  ion's  hofpitalh  s,  t  borne  mart  iris  in  roma^K 


TOKENS. 

ROBIRT  RiSHTON,    a  hart  couchant. 
OF  SPALDING,    1 666,  a Uon  rampant. 

He  had  been  a  foldier  in  Oliver  Cromwell's  wars,  and  turning 
inn-keeper,  kept  the  greateil  inn  in  the  town,  known  by  the  fign 
of  the  White  Hart,  fo  long  as  the  reign  of  Richard  IL  The  old 
houfe  was  burnt  down  about  50  years  ago. 

MARY  CHAMBERS,     M.  C. 
IN  HUNTINGDON,     57. 

*  SeeMolo,  Roma  Sacra  ant.  &  mo^.  p.  263. 

N  On 


9«      COMMUNICATION    FROM    SPALDING    SOCIETY. 
On  a  fmall  gem,  a  laureate  armed  head,  and  round  it, 

Vaballatbus  Ucrimir^ 
found  at  Palmyra,  exhibited   by  Beaupre  Bell,  efq;  /rom  coun?- 
fellor   Leedes   of    Croxton,    to.    Cambridge,    whofe   wife    was- 
daughter  of  governor  Collet,  who  brought  it  from  the  Eaft  Indies. 

Sign  manual  of  the  Black  Prince  to  a  grant  of  a  penfion  of  20- 
marks  per  annum  to  John  de  Efquit,  34  Edward  HI.  fubfcribed 
by  the  prince's  own  hand,  and  his  motto  : 


Cardinal  and  archbifliop  Bourchier  and  others,  feoffees  in 
truft  of  certain  hereditaments  of  the  dutchy  of  Lancafter,  re- 
leafe,  i486,  to  St.  Mary's  abbey,  York,  80  marks  yearly  parcell  of 
2,00  paid  by  them  to  the  dutchy  for  the  manor  of  Whitgift  and 
other  lands  in  the  county  of  York ;  in  confideration  whereof  the 
abbot  Thomas  Bothe  gave  the  king  the  advowfon  of  Boifon, 
which  the  king  appropriated  to  the  priory  of  St.  John  of  Jeru- 
falem  ;  for  which  the  prior  gave  the  king  in  fee  certain  lands 
called  Beamond's  Lea,  enclofed  with  pale,  in  Leicellerfliire. 

Priors  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  from  the  exchange. 

Arms. 
1477.  Weflon.  Ermine  on  a  chief  5  rondeaux  frettc. 

1 49 1 .   Kendal],  flrft commifTioner  of  fewers  on  recorcl. 
1501.  Docwra,  a  great  builder.      Sable,     a    chevron    engrailed, 

charged  with  a  pale  Gules  between  3  roundels. 
1519.  Werton.  As  before.  See 


COMMUNICATIONS  TO  SI'ALDING  SOCIETY.        91 

Sec  Prynne's  Cotton's  Abridgment  of  Records  ia  the  Tower,  p. 
787. 

Hence  the  arras  over  the  parfonage  chimney  at  Bofton  (Tee  be- 
fore, p.  67,  68)  have  two  black  letter  "JJ's  for  jfob'is  Jerufalomytani 
though  Mr.  R.  Gale   fliys  they  are  the  arms  of  Bardeney  abbey. 


Sir  Richard  Ellys  confirmed  i\Ir.  Johnfon's  idea  of  the  piece  of 
glafs  with  Ethelred's  name  (fee  p.  64),  from  Buonaroti  fopra 
frammenti  de  vafi  antichi  de  vitro,  Flor.  17 16,  fol.  tab.  28,  29. 
30)  31-  ^_^ 

Mr.  Avery  Wagftaffe  of  St.  Neot's  had  an  antique  brafs  ring, 


and  a  Greek  infcription,  erected  to  FAIOS  KAATAIOS  BIHN 
IMTPNAIOS,  for  fuppreffing  an  infurre(5tion  at  Smyrna,  from 
whence  Mr.  Wagftaffe  brought  it ;  it  having  been  ufed  by  a  car- 
penter there  to  grind  colours  in,  2  feet  by  i^,  the  letters  |  inch. 
He  had  alfo  a  Druid  annulet,  blue,  undulated  with  other  co- 
lours, pierced  as  here,  and  found  with  others  and  bits  of  fliie 
earthen  ware  at  Salndy. 


A  teflelated  pavement,  in  which  were  rhomboids  of  talk, 
found  at  Thornhaw  in  Northamptonfliire,  the  feat  of  the  duke 
of  Bedford,  five  miles  from  Stamford,  and  four  from  Cotterftock. 

N  a  "  Thoma 


9^      'communications  TO  SPALDING  SOCIETt. 

"  Thomas  "^^  mlieratione  divina  titnli  S.  Cecilise  SS.  Rom'  eccl'ix 


K 


prefb'  cardinalis,  Ebor'  archiep',  Angliie  primas  et  cancellarius, 
ac  apoftol'  ledis   legatus,  Dunelmenf  ep'us,   Sc  monallerii  ex- 
empt! S.  Albani  commendatarius  perpetuus,   nee  non  fanililP 
in  Ghrifto  patris  &  dom'  n'ri  dementis  div.  prov'  hujus  nomi- 
nis  7'"'  modern'  &  fedis  apoftol'  &c.  ad  reg'  Hen.  VIII.  a  latere 
legatus,   ScC.  dat' in  sedibus  meis  prope  Weftmon'  3°  die  No- 
vembris,  A.  D.  1526."     Seal -appendant,  in  a  tin  box,  gone. 
A  difpenfation    to   the  ioeoi)le    ofMerch,    in   the  iile   of  Ely,, 
for  non-attendance  in   their  parifh  church  at  Dodynton,  but  to 
have  fen-ire  in  the  church  or  chapel  of  St.  Wendred  at  Merch. 


Mr.  Charles  Anderfon  of  Surflcet  communicated  three  infcrip- 
tions  taken  by  his  brother  at  St.  Albans,  from  a  dark  old  ftone 
found  there. 

LIVLWENISDI.  A^MYRNESBIS. 

OBALSAMATU.  APXTICEXGVO.. 

FISECUNCI.' 

ATALBAS. 


What 


t   93-  ] 

What  follow  are  from  the  papers  of  Samuel  Gale,  Ei^q.  F.S.  A. 
in  the  MS.. Library  of  Dr.  Ducarel. 

^he  Hyrim  of  SU  Ambrofe,  in  Heroick  Ferfe,  attempted :  •with  fome 

Account  of  his  Life'^. 

TO    MY    MUCH    ESTEEMED    FRIEND    F.  H,. 


SI  R, 


The  Hymn  of  St.  Ambrofe  is  fo  noble  a  compofure,  tbat  I 
cannot  but  admire  the  wifdom  of  our  church  in  retaining  it  in 
her  Liturgy.  It  is  a  piece  of  facred  antiquity,  its  ftyle  altogether 
majeftick  and  divine,  and  fliines  fo  bright  with  the  beams  of  pri- 
mitive devotion,  that  while  flie  fpiritually  triumphs  in  this  glo- 
rious fong,  methinksflie  perfecftly  refembles  the  heavenly  hoils, 
whofe  melody  is  continually  employed  in  adoring  and  prailing 
Godj  and  the  Lamb  that  fitteth  on  the  throne  for  ever. 

■The  great  veneration  I  had  for  it  excited  me  to  this  attempt  of 
rendering  it  in  heroic  verfe,  though  fuch  a  fublime  fubject  re- 
t]U;ires  a   better   pen   than   mine.     Thofe  vacancies   in    which  L 
turned  my  thoughts  this  way  might  have  been  fpenc  worfe  ;  and ; 
if  I  can  perceive  that  I  have  in  the  leaft  gratified  you,  I  fliall  reft 
contented,  that  what  I  have  done  has  not  been  totally  in  vain. 

This  excellent  father,  St.  Ambrofe,  flouriflied  in  the  fourth, 
century,  under  Theodofius  the -Great,  emperor  of  the  Eaft, .  and  ; 
Valentinian,  the  fecond  emperor  of  the  Weft. 

Hiftorians  are  uncertain  as  to  the  place  of  his  nativity.      Pan-* 
Mnus,  who  wrote  his  life,  fays,  that  he  was  born  in  his  fathers  pa-'~ 
lace,  who  was  then  prastorian  prcefedl  in  Gaul,  a  place  of  great- 
*  k  is  not  ceitaia  whether  this  was  by  Mr.  S.  Gale,  or  by  his  father  the  Dean.-. 

I  honour.- 


^4  GAl,  E'5    LIFE    OF    ST.     AMBROSE. 

lioiiour  as  well  as  ti  uft.  Triers,  Arks,  and  Lyons,  \\  ere  the  places 
where  formerly  the  pnefedls  uled  to  refule ;  but  which  of  theie 
three  the  praefecft  reficled  at  in  St.  Ambrofe's  time  is  the  doubt : 
Tet  Dr.  Cave  determines  it  at  Aries.  This  is  an  archiepif- 
copal  city  of  Provence,  and  was  one  of  the  mod  ancient  cities 
.of  the  Gauls,  and  lliil  retains  feveral  monuments  of  its  an- 
tiquity. Here  then  we  liippofe  St.  Ambrofe  to  be  born  A.  D. 
.333.  It  was  obfcrved,  that  while  an  infant,  and  lying  in 
his  cradle,  a  fwarm  of  bees  were  fcen  to  go  in  and  out  at  his 
mouth,  which  omen  was  afterwards  verified,  he  being  for  his  elo- 
quence Ityled  "  Do6for  Mellifluus."  He  was  well  educated  in  fecu- 
]ar  learning,  but  above  all  was  adorned  with  virtue  and  admi- 
rable piety,  having  imbibed  the  principles  of  religion  with  his 
childhood.  He  had  an  excellent  talent  in  pleading,  and  w^as  de- 
servedly made  governor  of  Milan,  a  famous  city  in  Italy.  After 
this  he  was  unanimoufly  chofen  archbifliop  of  the  fame  city, 
though  he  declined  it;  yet  at  laft,  by  the  great  importunity  of 
the  people,  he  afTumed  that  iacred  fun6fion,  applying  himfelf 
after  this  to  the  ftudy  of  divinity,  and  indeed  unblameably  dif- 
charged  this  fo  great  truft.  He  celebrated  the  facraments  every 
day,  and  preached  each  Sabbath  to  the  people.  He  was  a  ftfidl 
obferver  of  the  difciplme  of  the  church,  very  charitable,  an  or- 
thodox divine,  and  a  zealous  oppofer  of  the  Arians,  to  whom  he 
refufed  to  grant  a  church  in  his  city,  and  for  that  reafon  incurred 
the  hatred  of  the  emprefs  Juftina,  whom  thefe  heretics  had 
drawn  into  their  error;  and  indeed  {he  became  a  violent  perfecutor, 
whom  neverthelefs  he  as  vigoroufly  withftood.  He  again  de- 
monftrated  his  zeal  for  the  Chriftian  religion  by  the  letter  he 
v/xote  to  the  emperor  Valentinian,  diffuading  him  from  granting 
the  petition  of  Symmachus,  whom  (being  intended  for  the  pagan 
l^igh  prieft  of  Rome)  the  fenate  fent  to  the  emperor  with  a  re- 
^jueft  to  reftore  the  revenue  of  the  pagan  priefts,  the  veflal  virgins, 

and 


GALE'S    LIFE    OF    ST.    AMBROSE.  $5 

and   the   altar  of  vidory.    Of  this  affair  St.  Ambrofe  being  in- 
formed,  fent   to  the  emperor  before  Symmachus  made  his  ad- 
drefs,  which  letter  had  its  defired  effedl,  and  defeated  the  whole 
delign.      He  twice  vilited  the  iifiirper  Maximus  in  Gallia,  at  the 
entreaty  of  Theodofius,  to  perfuade  him  to  lay  down  his  arms, 
which  he  had  taken  up  againll  Valentinian;   and  fo  great  was  his 
charity,  that  he  fold  the  confecrated  plate  to  redeem  the  Ghriftians, 
and  relieve  the  poor  under  his  tyranny,  and  St.  Ambrofe  and  his 
church  were  thofe  only  that  found  favour  from  him.      Another 
aft  of  his  not  to  be  forgotten  is,  that  he  oppofed  the  re-eltablilh- 
ment  of  the  Jevvifli  fynagogue,  though  Theodofius  was  willing  to 
confent  to  it.      His  freedom  and  fmcerity  with  the  emperor  fhevvs 
that  he  was  no  refpeder  of  perfons,  which  appears  by  the  follow- 
ing remarkable  circumftance.    In  the  year  390,  the  inhabitants  of 
Theffalonica   having  in    a  tumult    flain  one  of  the  lieutenant- 
generals  of  Theodolius,  he  gave  up  the  town  to  the  difcretion  oft 
his    foldiers,  who  barbaroufly  killed  7000  of  the  inhabitants.. 
Indeed  all  people  murmured  at  this  deplorable  accident;   but  St. 
Ainbrofe  wrote  to  the  emperor,  exhorting,  him  to  Ibrrow  and  re- 
pentance;  and  he  coming  after  fome  time  to  Milan,   the  holy 
bifliop  would  not  permit  him  to  enter  into  the  churchiintil  he 
had   imdergone    the    fevere   difcipline     of  the    church  for-  th© 
fpace  of  eight  months  ;   and  fo  far  was  the  emperor  from  raking; 
this  ill,  that  upon   his  death-bed  he  recommended  his  children 
to  his  pious  care,   which  happened  in  the  year  395-     Hence  itis- 
obfervable  how  reverent  and  fubmiflive  even  princes  were  to  their 
fpiritual  guides  in  thofe  primitive  times.      In  his  abftinence  and 
mortifications,   he  was  both  conftant  and  fevere,   in  bis  devotions 
fervent  and  fv^blime  ;   and  as  to  his  fanftity  in  general,  fome  cir- 
cumftances  therein  appear  altogether  divine  and  miraculous. 

At  length  this  faint,  wearied  out  with  care  and  labours,,  fell 
fick ;  and  the  nobility  an<l  magiftrates  being  lent  for,  fome  of 
them  that  were  moil  in  his  fa^vour  and  intereil:,   defiring  him  to. 

CO  a  fide  r 


f  9^ 


GALE'S    LIFE    OF    ST.     AMBROSE. 


coiifKler  what  a  lofs  the  church  of  God  would  fuftain  by  his 
death,  with  prayers  and  tears  entreated  him  to  intercede  witli  God 
tor  his  own  life.  He  only  returned  them  this  anfwer  :  ^'  I  have 
*■'  not  fo  behaved  myfelf  among  them  that  I  Ihovdd  be  afliamed  to 
•"  live  :   nor  am  I  afraid  to  die,  becaufe  I  have  fo  good  a  mailer." 

He  died  on  the  4th  day  of  April,  A.D.  397.  The  next  morn- 
nig  early  his  body  was  carried  to  the  great  cathedral,  and  there  re- 
mained on  Eafter-eve.  On  the  Lord's  day,  after  the  publick  fo- 
lemnities,  it  was  removed  to  the  Ambrofian  church,  and  there 
.interred,  his  funeral  being  attended  by  perfons  of  all  ranks  and  " 
conditions^  of  all  ages  and  conditions,  not  only  Chriftians,  but  the 
•very  [Jews]  and  Gentiles,  all  being  v.illing  to  teftify  their  afFec- 
•  tions  for  fo  good  a  man. 

St  Ambrofe  has  left  behind  him  numerous  volumes,  the  lafting 
monuments  of  his  parts,  learning,  and  piety,  a  catalogue  of  which 
-alone  is  too  long  to  be  here  inferted.  For  a  more  particular  ac- 
count of  his  life  and  writings,  I  refer  you  to  Cave's  Lives  of  the 
Fathers,  and  to  Du  Pin's  Ecclefiaftical  Hiftory. 

Sir,  having  thus  briefly  touched  upon  fome  of  the  paflages  of 
this  father's  life,  I  fhall  detain  you  no  longer,  but  defire  you  to 
accept  this  as  a  return  (though  too  mean)  due  to  that  friendfliip 
you  have  felicitated  me  with  ;  and,  wholly  relying  upon  your 
•candour,  I  fubfcribe  myfelf, 
,  Yours,   Sec. 


The 


C    97    ] 


The     HYMN     of     St.    Ambrose, 


We  humbly  praife  thee,  O  Almighty  King  ; 
To  thee,  as  God  alone,  we  homage  bring. 
Eternal  Father,  thee  the  earth  adores. 
And  ftill  thy  providential  care  implores. 
To  Thee  all  Angels  cry  aloud,  to  Thee 
All  heav'nly  powers  tune  their  melody. 
And  Seraphins  with  Cherubins  proclaim 
The  wondrous  accents  of  thy  facrcd  name. 
Holy  Lord  God  of  Sabbath  is  the  fong. 
That  flows  fo  fweetly  from  their  raviQi'd  tongue. 
They  fing  how  thy  diffufive  glory  flied 
Through  heav'n,  through  earth,  fills  all  with  holy  dread. 
Thofe  glorious  Saints  who  boldly  did  difperfe 
The  Gofpel  tidings  through  the  univerfe. 
Though  fcatter'd  here,  united  now,  rejoice 
In  praifing  thee  with  one  confent,  one  voice. 
Next  thefe,  th'  infpir'd  prophets,  who  of  old 
Thy  mercies, judgements,  and  thy  will  foretold' 
To  ftifF-neck'd  rebels,  lofty  anthems  ling. 
Anthems  of  joy,  to  thee,  their  potent  King. 
Armies  of  martyrs,  whofe  afpiring  zeal 
Defpis'd  the  fword,  the  fire,  the  rack,  the  wheel. 
And  death  in  ev'ry  form, 
Triumphant  laud  thee,  and  thy  works  admire, 
Compleating  thus  the  all-melodious  choir. 
The  church  throughout  the  world  doth  thee  confefs, 
A  God  of  boundlefs  majefty  ;  no  lefs 
Thine  hcnour'd,  true,  thy  Only  Son,  and  thee. 
Mod  Holy  Comforter,  Great  Trinity 
Of  Three  diflin£l  in  One,  and  Onb  in  Three. 

O  O  Chrifl, 


98  HYMN     OF     ST.      AMBROSE. 

O  Chrift,  hail  King  of  Glory  !   Thou  alone 
Art  the  Almighty's  everlafting  Son  ! 
When  thou  didfb  condefcend  mankind  to  free, 
From  his  black  guilt  and  endlcfs  mifery, 
Thyfelf  debafing  more,  didft  not  difdain 
That  the  chafte  Virgin's  womb  fnould  thee  contain, 
(Myfterious  work,  hid  from  the  highell  mind, 
'  Tie  that  made  Nature  by  her  laws  confin'd) 
Whilfl  vanquifli'd  Death  lay  gafping  on  the  ground, 
Thou  didtt  afcend,  with  recent  honours  crown'd. 
And  then  the  gates  of  unapproached  reft 
Expanded  were,  to  welcome  in  the  blefr. 
At  God's  right  hand  thou  fitteft  now  on  high. 
In  all  the  glory  of  his  majefty. 
We  too  believe  that  thou  our  Judge  fhalt  come  ; 
From  thee  we  all  expeft  our  final  doom. 
O  help  thy  fervants,  thou  moft  kind,  moft  good, 
Thofe  whom  thou  bought'ft  with  thy  moft  precious  blood. 
O  let  them  reign  with  faints  in  endlefs  light, 
Array'd  with  palms,  with  crowns,  and  robes  of  white. 
Lord,  fave  thy  people,  blefs  thine  heritage  ; 
Govern  and  profper  them  from  age  to  age. 
No  day  from  us  Aides  unregarded  by, 
In  which  w-e  ceafe  thy  jiame  to  magnify  : 
Our  grateful  fouls  harmonioufly  we  raife. 
In  fongs  divine,  in  never-dying  praife. 
While  thus  we  are  employ'd,  vouchfafe  the  arm 
Of  grace,  our  guard  from  fin,  from  every  harm» 
Have  mercy,  mercy  on  us,  righteous  God, 
Avert  the  vengeance  of  thy.flaming  rod, 
O  let  thy  mercy  on  our  fou!s  refide. 
As  we  in  thee  infep'rably  confide. 
Our  truft,  our  hope,  our  faith,  is  all  in  thee 
Rcpos'd  :  Lord,  let  us  not  confufion  fee. 


Oratio 


[     99     ] 

Oratio  Samuelis  Gale,  habila  coram  Societate  Lincolnienfi^  vicefuno 
qiiinto  die  Februarii^  anno  CbnJI'r^    1723. 

"  Efl:  omniuo  Capjtonl  in  ufu  claros  vlros  colerc."  Pun.  F.p.  17.  Lib.  I. 

IT  has  been  the  cuftom  univerfal  of  the  moft  civihzed  and 
pohte  nations  to  render  rewards,  honours,  and  the  juit  tributes 
of  praife,  to  men  of  renown,  men  famous  in  their  generations  ; 
wdio,  either  by  their  courage  or  condu6t,  have  refcued  or  pre- 
ferved  their  linking  country,  orfet  injured  nations  free  ;  to  wife 
legiflators  ;  to  thofe  who  have  taught  religion's  reverend  rites  ; 
or  lalfly  thofe,  who,  by  well-cultivated  arts  and  fciences,  have 
generoufly  contributed  to  improve,  elevate,  and  add  a  new  lutl're 
to  mankind.  Hence  it  is,  that  with  the  greateil  joy  and  plea- 
fure  I  behold  this  radiant^  this  venerable  allembly  ;  all  animated 
with  the  lame  noble  principle,  and  before  whom  I  have  chofen  at 
this  time  to  fay  fomewhat  in  behalf,  not  only  of  the  great  in- 
ventors, but  the  arts  themfelves.  However,  I  muft  own,  this 
is  a  field  lb  large,  a  fubjecl  lb  copious,  that  to  ipeak  to  each 
dilliuiftly,  v.ould  be  the  work  of  ages,  and  mnght  well  demand  a 
better,  an  abler  orator  than  nie,  all  too  mean  for  fuch  an  arduous 
attempt  ;  {g  that  at  prefect  I  fliall  confine  your  patience  and 
myfeif  to  one  only  out  of  the  numerous  branches  flowing 
from  fo  immenfc  an  ocean  ;  and  that  Ihall  be  the  ufcful,  I  had 
almolt  faid  divine  art  of  chalcography  or  engraving,  that  beau- 
tiful difpofition  of  lights  and  fliades,  wrought  in  plates  of  various 
metal-,  thereby  at  once  prefenting  to  our  view  the  ftrongelf  as 
wxli  as  trueil  ideas  formed  from  the  infinite  fpecies  of  external 
objecls,  the  impreffions  taken  from  uhich  on  paper  we  compre- 
hend under  the  general  term  of  prints.  The  ar{  dates  its  origin 
no   higher  than  the  fifteenth  century,    and  the  ycqr  of  ChriH 

O    2  1460 


lOO 


MR.       GALE'S         ORATION 


1460  ;  and  arofefrom  Mafo  Finiguerra,  a  goldfmith,  inhabitant 
of  Florence,  who  graved  his  plate,  and,  calling  fome  of  it  in 
melted  fulphur,  perceived  that  what  came  out  of  t^ie  mold  was 
marked  with  the  fame  prints  as  his  plate,  by  the  black  which 
his  fulphur  had  taken  from  his  graving  :  he  then  tried  to  do 
as  much  on  filver  plates  with  w^et  paper,  by  rolling  it  fmoothly,, 
and  accordingly  fucceedcd. 

Finiguerra  was  followed  in  his  new  invention  by  Baccio  Bal- 
dini,  of  the  fame  city  and  profeffion,  who  was  crowned  with 
like  fuccefs.  After  him  Andrea  Mantegna  put  the  fame  in 
pra6lice  at  Rome ;  from  whence  the  knowledge  thereof  getting 
into  Flanders,  it  was  there  carried  on  by  Martin  of  Antwerp, 
Albert  Durer,   and  then  by  Marco  Antonio  at  Venice. 

vVbout  the  fame  time,  Hugo  de  Carpi,  an  Italian  painter,  in- 
vented prints  to  refemble  the  defigns  of  Claro  Ofcuro ;  and  fome 
years  after  etching  was  difcovered,  and  made  ufe  of,  by  the  fa- 
mous Parmegiano. 

Thus,  from  fo  late  a  beginning,  was  this  invention  moft  au- 
fpiciouily  propagated.  Give  me  leave,  gcntlemcnj  to  congra- 
tulate the  latter  ages  on  this  noble  invention,  this  beneficial  dif- 
covery,  and  which  alone  feems  to  furpafs  all  the  great  things  the 
ancients  ever  did.  Since  even  the  mouldering  fragments  of  their 
proudeil  llru6tures,  the  temples  of  the  gods,  the  ilatues  of  the 
heroes,  the  hippodromes,  the  amphitheatres,  the  triumphal 
arches,  aqueducSts,  military  ways,  baths,  columns,  medals,  and 
infcriptions,  which  yet  feebly  bear  up  againlt  the  power  of 
corrodeing  time,  even  thefe  few  remains,  I  fay,  of  Athens, 
Corinth,  and  of  Rome,  can  be,  and  are  now,  only  by  this  dif- 
fufive  art  triumphantly  refcued  from  that  total  havock,  that 
everlafting  oblivion,  which  a  few  more  revolving  years  muft  in- 
evitably bring  on,   and  that  of  the  poet  then  be  too  fadly  verified  : 

"  Eciam  periere  ruina:." 
^  Had 


ON      THE       ART      OF      ENGRAVING.         ici 

Had  Greece  and  Italy  biU  known  this  heavenly  art,  to  leave 
compleated  all  that  they  were  fo  famed  for,  we  lliould  now  hav^e 
beheld  thefe  works  entire,   and  in  all  their  grandeur. 

Nor  does  antiquity  alone  «we  thus  much  to  chalcography  :  the 
arts  and  fciences  in  general,  heretofore  concealed  in  dark,  am- 
biguous and  unintclligil;le  terms,  are  equally  obliged.  Ey  it, 
they  have  been  placed  in  the  clcartll  light,  and  proved  by  ocular 
demonllrration.  If  we  refledl  what  vaft  volumes  have  been  pub- 
liflied  endeavouring  to  explain  fubjedls  which  no  language  could 
teach,  or  rightly  defcribe,  much  more  give  a  true  idea  of;  we 
muit  allow  the  art  of  graving  to  have  remedied  the  confufion 
of  Babel,  to  have  fuppHed  the  defecfk  of  typography,  and  even 
perfedted  that  molt  noble  invention  ;  for  the  truth  of  this,  I  ap- 
peal to  architecture,  in  which  the  orders,  proportions,  and  or- 
naments of  the  greateft  llru6lures  are  truly  and  beaxitifuUy  ex- 
prelTed  in  very  narrow  limits  ;  to  phyfick  and  botany,  whilft  we 
view  all  tlie  natural  variety  of  plants,  herbs,  and  flov/ers,  j)ro- 
duced  in  the  diftant  parts  of  the  known  world  ;  to  anatomy,  in 
whofe  aid  all  the  parts  and  velTels  that  compofe  the  microcofm 
of  the  human  body,  are  not  only  difplayed  in  the  iitraoil  exadlnefs. 
but  frequently  in  their  natural  poiition  and  magnitude  ;  naviga- 
tion, geography,  and  aftronomy,  are  all  equally  demonlh'ateci  ; 
io  that  from  thofe  things  which  thus  appear  \vc  clearly  behold 
their  great  and  invifible  Author. 

Even  feme  truths  of  that  religion  anciently  revealed  to,  and  en- 
joined by  the  legiflator  Mofes,  have,  by  this  art,  been  further^ 
evinced  And  eitablifned.  Thus  thefacred  fpoils  of  the  Temple  of  , 
Jerufalem,  the  golden  candlellick,  the  table  for  the  Ihew-bread, 
v.'ith  the  two  velfels  for  frankincenfe  ftanding  upon  it,  and  the 
trumpets  wliich  the  Jewifii  priefts  vi'crc  ufed  to  found  upon  grand 
iblemnities,  being  brought  to  Rome  in  triumph  by  the  emperor 
Vefpafian,  and  carved  in  relievo,  on  the  iniide,  upon  the  pannet 

above 


lo:  ME.        GALE'S         O    II    yV  T  -I  ^ O  ..K 

above  the  bafis  of  the  triuniphal  arch  ercdied  there  in  honour  of 
his  fubduing  that  fcnbborn  people,  have  lately  been  tranfniitted  to 
the  literati,  graven  from  the  relievo,  and  are  proved  by  the  learned 
Hadrianus  Relandus  to  ac>ree  with  thoie  mentioned  in  the  Sacred 

o 

Writings;  as  is  alfo  the  coin  ftruck  upon  this  occaiion,  on  the  re- 
verfe  of  v/hich  we  read,  ivdaea  capta.  ,  As  for  the  Chrittian  re- 
ligion, though  it  ftands  in  need  of  no  fuch  proofs,  yet  it  may  be 
faid,  though  in  another  manner,  to  be  affilled  and  elegantly  ex- 
plained by  chalcography;  lince  the  imagination  foftly  touched 
by  lively  reprefentations  greatly  influenceth  the  foul;  and  w^hat 
fubjedl  has  been  ofteneror  more  fublimely  executed  by  the  ableft 
mailers  tlxan  the  Pallion  ofj^Ilhrill  and  the  firft  martyrs  ?  That  hu- 
mility, that  devotion,  that  courage,  that  celeftial  air,  that  lliines  in 
every  face,  infpires  the  beholders  with  fomething  more  than 
human.  What  Ihall  I  fay  further  ?  for  the  time  would  fail  me  to 
tcllof  Lanfrank,  Lucas  of  Leyden,  Horatio  de  Santis,  Cornelio  de 
Cort,  De  Brye,  Henry  Goltzius,  Giles  Sadeler,  Honodus,  Callott, 
Sylvefl:er,.Mafibn,  Nantueil,  Le  Clerc,  and  Pickart,  who  have  given 
lis  the  beauties  of  Italy  and  France,  and  done  honour  lo  their  re- 
fpedfive  countries ;  or  of  XVencellaus  Hollar  the  Bohemian,  to 
whole  inimitable  etching  Britain  and  Ireland  owe  the  perpetuity 
of  their  ancient  and  facred  ediiices,  their  cathedral  churches,  pa- 
laces, and  other  innumerable  curiolities;  whom,  though  a  fo- 
reigner, we  may  very  well  challenge  as  our  own,  having  lived 
long  in  England,  and  at  laft  made  us  the  guardians  of  his  peace- 
ful urn. 

I  now  turn  my  eyes,  with  grateful  looks,  to  my  own  countr}', 
to  the  Englilli  college,  who  have  carried  on  and  improved  this 
laudable,  this  grand  dellgn;  to  tliem  the  metzotinto  owes  its  de- 
licate original,  and  to  Smith  all  its  foft  perfedlion,  and  Kirkhall 
has  enriched  his  gravim?;  with  beauteous  tints. 

Loggan, 


ON     THE      ART      OF     ENGRAVING,  103 

Loggan,  Sturt,  Sympfon,  Vandcrgucht,  Cole,  and  Harris  excel! 
in  landH'^ip,  hiilory,  and  architedlure;  Faithorn,  White,  and  Ver- 
tne  yield  to  none  for  exquilite  and  breathing  portraits.  Thefe 
are  they  Nvho,  by  an  uncorTimon  genius,  have  almolt  outdone 
nature,  and  have  given  life  and  fpirit  to  good  men  after  death. 
Who  is  there  that  beholds  the  afpedls  of  the  great  and  learned, 
and  burns  not  with  fccret  emulation  to  imitate  their  hi^h 
example  ? 

How  has  the  Mantuan  Mufe  honoured  thefe  confervators  of 
mankind!  whofe  works  exhibit  all  that  is  fine  or  curious  in  the 
world !  She  fings  them  feated  and  fecure  amidft  the  verdant  groves 
of  blefied  Elyfium,  where  flows  Eridanus'  enlivening  ftream  : 

'  Hi  manus  ob  patriam  pugnando  vulnera  p.ifTi 
'  Quique  facerdotes  cadi  duai  vita  manebar, 
'  Quique  pii  Vatcs,  et  Phoebo  digna  locuti. 
'  Inventas  aut  qui  vitam  excoluere  per  artes.' 

And  now  methinks  I  perceive  this  laudable  Society  eager  to 
confirm  the  divine  fuffrage,  and  ready,  with  one  unanimous  con- 
fent,  to  pronounce  and  decree  thofe  moft  worthy  of  that  future 
glory,  that  endlefs  fame,  and  that  immortality,  which  they  them- 
felves  have  not  only  fo  julfly  merited,  but,  in  fo  extraordinary  a 
manner,  conferred  on  others. 

Explicit,. 


DiiJer- 


C     1*^4    .] 


Dijfertatwn  on   Celts  ;   by  S.  Gale,  Efq. 

July  1, 1724. 

The  Society  of  Antiquaries  having  had  great  numbers  of 
thefe  inftruments  laid  before  them  for  their  opinion  by  feveral 
of  the  members,  and  impreffions  of  many  of  them  given  from 
copper-plates  by  Dr.  Stukeley,  and  the  conje6tures  hitherto  made 
upon  this  fubjecl  feeming  to  leave  it  very  dubious ;  I  fliall  at  pre- 
fent  endeavour  to  fay  fomething  further,  in  order  to  explain  their 
ufe  ;   by  which  means,  I  hope,  they  may  be  fet  in  a  clearer  view. 

Mr.  Hearne,  the  Oxford  Antiquary,  in  his  account  of  one  them 
found  in  Yorkfnire,  and  communicated  to  him  by  Mr.  Thorefby  of 
Leeds  (in  whofe  Mufeum  it  is),  after  a  great  deal  of  enquiry  and 
fpeculation,  would  have  it  to  be  an  inftrument  employed  by  the 
Romans  in  mafonry,  for  cutting  of  ftone  in  the  building  of 
■bridges,  and  the  erecting  of  the  grand  caufeways  or  roads  made  by 
that  victorious  people  through  Great  Britain.  Dr.  Stukeley  has 
carried  the  affair  much  higher,  and  taken  them  for  facred  utenfils, 
•fet  apart  by  tb.e  Druid.?,  our  old  Brithli  priefts,  to  cut  down  the 
milsletoe  which  grew  about  the  oaks,  for  which,  in  their  .dreadful 
rites,  they  held  a  peculiar  veneration.  But  I  muft  beg  leave  to  differ 
from  both  thefe  gentlemen  upon  feveral  reafons ;  firft,  becaufe  thefe 
inftruments,  being  all  caft  of  brafs,  muft  confequently  have  been, 
and  are,  fo  extremely  brittle,  that  their  edges  could  n'ever  be  fo 
tempered  as  to  ftand  either  the  hardnefs  of  ftone,  or  the  knotty 
ftubbornnefs  of  oak,  and  muft  foon  have  been  rendered  ufelefs  by 
notches  and  gaps,  which  none  of  thefe  appear  to  have  receivea, 
but  prefcrve  the  very  fame  fymmetry  and  propriety  they  were  firft 
caft  in;   having  never  been  repaired  or  ground  to  give  them  a 

new 


•Mft.       S.       G    A    L    E        O  ^N        CELTS.  loj 

>lTew  ed-g'e,  as  is  demonflrable  by  comparing  them  with  their 
original  cafes  of  brafs,  exacftly  fitted  to  thfem  like  moulds,  and 
in  which  they  were  very  otrefully  preferved  (feveral  of  which 
were  fliewn  to  the  Society  by  Mr.  Warbnrton),  but  feem  to  have 
Tuffered  only,  and  that  very  little,  by  the  injuries  of  time.  In  the 
next  place,  their  Ihape  is  neither  neceffary  nor  proper  for  the  cut- 
ting or  pruning  the  bows  of  mifbletoe(in  itfelf  tender  and  pliable). 
There  is  no  manner  of  need  for  that  gradual  increafe  of  thick- 
nefs  in  fome  of  them  for  about  one  third  part  from  their  edge,  in 
others  to  the  extremity  of  the  handle,  like  a  wedge,  by  which 
indeed  they  are  made  ftronger,  but  not  more  convenient  in 
pruning,  and  which  the  Druids,  by  our  hirtorians,  are  faid  to 
'have  done  with  a  knife,  and  by  Pliny  with  a  golden  fickle,  to 
^vhich  thefe  inftruments  bear  not  the  leaft  refembiance. 

Mr.  Bryan,  a  member  of  the  Society,  lately  returned  from 
Scotland,  has  brought  w  ith  him  from  thence  one  of  the  largeft 
and  faircft  of  thefe  inftruments  that  I  haVe  ever  yet  feen,   found 

in  fh^  fide  of  Tintotop,  a  very  high  hill  in  the  county  of 

.  .  •.  .,  in  the  fouth  patt  of  that  kingdom,  the  country  thereabouts 
being  in  a  manner  covered  and  abounding  with  Roman  antiqui- 
ties, many  of  which  remain  untouched,  as  that  great  nation  left 
them,  to  this  time.  It  is  from  this  inftrument  of  Mr.  Bryan's 
that  I  prefume  I  have  got  fome  further  light  in  my  fearch  after 
the  ufe  of  the  reft  of  this  kind :  for,  having  compared  it  with 
another,  found  near  Langres,  a  city  in  the  province  of  Cham- 
pagne in  France,  I  obferve  a  very  great  likenefs  between  them  ;  the 
French  one  differing  only  a  little  in  the  handle  from  the  Scotch 
one,  and  both  exadliy  agreeing  in  the  fliape  of  their  edges  at 
their  broad  extremities,  being  rounded  into  the  figxire  of  a  quarter 
of  a  circle,  and  at  the  end  of  the  handle  of  that  found  near  Lan- 
gres there  is  a  hole  pierced  to  hang  it  by;  in  this  indeed  from 
Scotland  none  :   however,  many  of  our  Englifli  ones  have  loop- 

P  holes 


I(.C 


MR.        S.       GALE         DN         CELTS. 


holes  cafl:  on  the  thitkeft  part  on  one  fide,  defigned  no  doubt  f  o 
the  fame  purpofe.  So  that,  palling  by  thefe  minute  variations,  I 
take  it  for  granted  that  all  thefc  intl:ruments  were  appropriated  to 
one  and  (he  fame  ufe. 

Monf.  Mahudel,  a  member  of  the  Royal  Academy  at  Paris,  in 
defcribing  that  of  Langres,  has  f aid  fo  much  and  fo  clearly  upon 
the  fubjeit,  that  he  has  lett  me  very  little  to  add  to  what  he  has 
offered  in  proof  of  the  j^articular  ufe  of  the  inftrument.  He  tells 
us  there  were  feven  of  them  found  together,  with  all  forts  of 
vefTcls  and  initruments,  of  an  inconteftable  antiquity,  known  to 
have  appertained  to  the  Roman  faccifices ;  a  ftrong  prefumption 
to  induce  one  to  believe  that  thefe  were  alfo  ufed  in  the  fame  re- 
ligious rites.  The  other  utenfils  buried  with  them  were  a  knife, 
called  \\\Q  Jecefpita^  with  which  they  killed  the  vidims;  a  caulr 
dron  to  hold  the  entrails ;  two  pateras  with  handles,  one  deeper 
than  the  other,  to  receive  the  blood  in;  another  covered  patera 
without  a  handle  ;  two  prefericula  of  different  fliapes,.  the  handle 
of  an  ajpergillum^  or  fprinkle-flock,  to  throw  the  aqua  hiflralis", 
a  covered  box  for  the  incenfe  %  three  fmall  filver  fpoons  to  take 
it  up  by ;  a  large  piece  of  yellow  amber,  which  was  formerly,  as 
well  as  it  is  at  prefent,  put  into  the  perfumes ;  and  two  wedges, 
the  ufe  of  which  hath  as  yet  afforded  matter  of  enquiry  to  a  great 
many  anti(juaries.  The  aforementioned  gentleman  having  pro- 
cured all  thefe  inflruments  from  the  very  i^erfon  who  difcovered 
them,  and  not  content  with  that  opinion  (to  which  the  circum- 
ftance  of  their  likenefs  has  given  ground)  that,  in  all  proba- 
bility, the  inftrument  he  treats  of  was  employed  in  the  facrifices 
in  general,  has  endeavoured  to  fliew  to  what  part  of  the  facri- 
fice  it  could  be  Jultly  adapted  in  particiilar. 

As  the  facrifice  (fays  he)  was  one  of  the  moll  eflential  acSls  of 

the  Greeks  and  Romans,   every  thing  there  was  looked  vipon  as 

myllerious,   and  the  very  fliape  and  figure  of  the  utenfils  was  fo 

6  folcmnly, 


MR.       S.      GALE        ON        CELTS. 


107 


folemnly,  and  in  fuch  a  manner  dedicated,  that  it  was  immutable 
in  all  the  countries  under  the  dominion  ot'thefe  people  where  fa- 
crifice  was  obferved.  This  uniformity  preferved  itfelt'  in  the 
make  of  the  feveral  inftruments  ufcd  in  all  the  different  opera-' 
tions  to  I)e  pcformcd  upon  the  vidims,  as  etlablilhed  in  tlve ritual; 
and  one  need  only  enter  into  a  detail  of  thefe,  to  judge  of  the  par- 
ticular fundlion  in  which  this  fort  of  knife  could  properly  ferve. 

The  firll  operation  then  that  was  done  in  the  facrifice  of  oxen 
was,  to  knock  down  the  vi>5lim  with  a  rtroke  given  bim  upon  the 
li;^aments  of  the  neck  with  a  hatchet  called  ^r/Vvvj,  ovfecuris;  the 
fecorid  was  the  cutting  the  throat  of  the  animal,  and  taking  the 
blood  from  him  by  the  jugular  vein,  which  was  effected  by  the 
fecefpita^  the  figure  of  which,  according  to  Feftu's,  very  much 
refembled  that  of  a  poignard.  The  third  and  laft  was  the  ileaing 
the  victim,  and  this  required  a  fort  of  knife  whic'hvvas  hither- 
to little  known.  As  to  what  regards  the  dilfefrion  of  the 
vidfira,  they  did  it  with  a  kind  of  cleavers,  named  the  dolabra  and 
the/c(?;?^,  fuch  as  one  fees  upon  the  medals  of  thofe  Cxfars  who 
were  honoured  with  the  dignity  of  fovereign  pontiff. 

The  poets  a-id  hiftorians,  who  have  had  occafion  to  defcribe 
the  rites  of  flicrificing,  have  reprefented,  in  the  enumeration  of 
their  particular  circumllances,  the  a6lion  of  fleaing  the  vidim  as 
one  of  the  molt  facred  in  the  whole  ceremony. 

In  the  hecatomb  offered  by  the  Greeks,  to  appeafe  the  wrath  of 
Apollo,  and  ftop  the  plague  which  had  ravaged  their  army,  Homer 
expreisly  mentions  the  fleaing  the  vicflims;  but  nothing  can 
more  plainly  prove  the  great  care  they  had  in  performing  this 
rit€,  than  the  facred  ufe  the  fkins  of  the  facrificed  animals  were 
put  to.  For,  firll,  they  ferved  as  ornaments  to  the  ilatues  of  the  . 
gods.  Jnno  Confervatrix  apjx^ared  in  their  temples  with  her 
head  covered  v/ith  a  goat-ikin,  like  a  veil,  and  we  fee  her  in  the 
flune  coitTure  itill  upon  their  coins.      Secondly,  thefe  fix  ins  were 

P  2  foleiTiulv 


io8         MR.      S.      G    A     L    E        ON        C    E    L    T    S. 


■  I 


folemnly  offered,  fixed  to  the  walls,  and  hung  in  the  vaulted 
roofs  of  their  temples,  as  fo  many  monuments  of  devotion.  It, 
was  with  the  fkin  of  the.  ox  that  was  facrificed  upon  occalion  of, 
the  alliance  between  the  Romans  and  the  Gabians,  that  the 
buckler  preferved  in  the  temble  of  Faith  at  Rome  was  covered, 
and  on  which  the  conditions  of  that  treaty  were  written.  The 
fliepherd  Daphnis,  in  the  Pailorals  of  Longus,  Ihews  his  great  re- 
gard to  the  great  Pan,  whofe  prote6lion  he  had  experienced,  by 
the  care  which  he  takes  in  afiixing  to  the  neareft  pine-tree  the 
fkins  of  a  goat  and  buck,  which  he  had  offered  to  him.  Thirdly, 
the  priefls  of  this  god,  during  the  Lupercalia  (feftivals  peculiarly 
celebrated  to  his  honour),  were  to  be  girt  with  Ikins  of  facrificed 
fheep,  to  add  a  fandion  to  them  in  their  running  wildly  about 
the  flreets,  and  infulting  thofe  they  met  with,  which  was  a  part 
of  the  folemnity  of  thofe  feftivals.  It  was  upon  the  fkins  of 
lambs,  flieep,  and  rams,  facrificed,  that  the  priefts  lay,  who  during 
their  fleep  confulted  the  gods  in  the  temple,  and,  on  their  waking, 
delivered  out  their  dreams,  explained,  which  were  elfeemed  as 
oracles.  And  thus  Virgil  *  defcribes  this  manner  of  confulting 
the  gods,  as  pradifed  both  in  Greece  and  Italy  : 

"  Hinc  Italas  gentes  omnifque  OEnotria  tellus 

"  In  dubiis  refponfa  petunt  :  hue  dona  facerdos 

"  Cunn  tulit,  et  cfefarum  ovlum  fub  no£te  filenti 

"  Pellibus  incubuit  ftratis,  fomnofque  petivit  •, 

"  Multa  modis  fimulacra  videt  volicaniia  miris, 

"  Et  varias  audit  voces,  fruiturque  Deorum 

•*  CoUoquio,  atque  imis  Acheronta  affatur  Avernis." 

This  cuftom  began  among  the  Greeks,  who,  in  their  maladies, 
came  to  the  temple  of  Pafithea,  to  pafs  the  nights  upon  thefe 
jfkins  ;  and  this  cuftom  lafted  amongft  the  Romans,  who  praififed 
the  fame  in  that  of  .i^fculapius ;   which  gave  rife  to  the  proverb 

*  iEneid.  vii.  85. 

of 


M  R.      S.       G;    A     L    E         ON         CELTS.         109 

qf  incubare  Jovi  yEfculapio."  They  had  further  a  cuflomof  cauf-* 
ing  their  brides  to  lit  upon  chairs  covered  with  iltins  of  facriticed 
Iheep,  to  remind  them  of  the  nmpHcityof'  thehabits  of  their  fex 
in  the  lirll  age,    and  of  the  obligation   they  were  und6r  to  bufy 
themfelves  in  the  manufadures  of  wool. 

There  was  no  people,  even  to  the  very  Scythiajis,  but  what 
had  a  veneration  for  thele  fpoils  of  facrificed  animals,  fince  upon 
them  it  was  that  they  were  accutlomed  to  n.ake  their  oaths. 

The  Ikins  of  vidfims  having  ferved  to  fo  many  ufes,  it  would 
be  difficult  to  believe  that  there  fliould  not  be  fome  one  inftru- 
ment  fet  apart  for  feparating  or  fleeing  them  from  the  bodies  of 
the  facrificed  animals. 

The  Ihape  of  the  edge  of  this  here  rounded  into  a  quarter  of 
a, circle,  not  much  different  from  that  of  the  ileaing  knives  made 
life  of  to  this  very  day-  by  thofe  of  the  trade,  plainly  enough 
Ihows  its  defign,  for  which  there  was  no  need  of  any  fliarp 
point,   leaft  by  it  the  flvins  might  have  been  pierced. 

The  anatomiits,  in  their  diffecffions,  when  they  have  uo  other 
intention  but  to  feparate  the  membranes  or  velFels  without  do- 
ing them  any  detriment,  uie  a  fort  of  knife,  whofe  blade  is  alfo 
rounded  ;  and  as  the  operation  is  only  to  be  diredfed  by  the 
fingers,  the  fides  of  the  handle  upon  which  they  rell  are  fiat, 
like  thofe  of  the  inifrument  we  are  fpeaking  of.  The  hole  at 
the  end  of  the  handle  ferved  to  put  a  firing  through,  that  fo  the 
facrificer  might  more  eafily  carry  it  at  his  girdle. 

The  knife,  according  to  this  plan,  feems  to  be  the  xpsu^sioocv 
of  the  Greeks,  or  what  the  Latins  term  the  cultor  excoriatoriiis. 
It  is  of  brafs,  as  were  almofl:  all  the  other  inflruments  belonging 
to  their  facrifices  ;  whether  that  metal  was  more  peculiarly  con- 
fecrated,  or  whether  it  was  then  lefs  fcarce  than  iron,  which  is 
molt  probable,  from  the  great  quantity  of  rings,  bracelets,  keys, 
clafps,    nails,    coins,    and    edged  inflruments,    fuch   as  fvvords, 

poignards, 


no        MR.       S.       GALE        ON        CELTS. 

poigiiards,  and  all  forts  of  knives,  which  are  almoft  all  of  brafs. 
As  to  what  regards  the  number  of  this  fort  of  inftruments  found 
at  the  fame  place,  it  is  not  at  all  furprizing  that  it  iliould  be  greater 
than  that  of  the  fecefpitcp,  fince  with  one  only  of  thefe  laft  a 
fingle  facrificer  might,  in  the  fpace  of  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  make 
bufinefs  enough  for  fix  others,  who  fliould  employ  themfelves 
in  ufing  the  firll:. 

No  one  can  objeft,  that  thefe  acSls  or  rites  of  the  religion  of 
the  Romans  were  not  pra6liced  throughout  the  whole  dillrid:  of 
Langres,  where  thefe  inftruments  were  difcovered,  fince  the 
j)eople  who  inhabit  it,  having  a  long  time  before  Cjefar  been 
allies  to  the  Romans,  and  fubjei5l  to  their  laws,  they  adored  the 
fame  deities,  and  gave  them  the  fame  worQiip,  with  the  Romans. 
Nothing  is  more  eafily  to  be  juftified  than  this  conformity,  from 
the  ruins  of  the  temples,  the  number  of  idols,  of  altars,  and 
dedications  to  feveral  divinities,  expreffed  by  a  multitude  of  an- 
cient infcriptions,  which  as  yet  are  to  be  feen  in  the  compafs  of 
this  territory.  Thus  far  Monf.  Mahudel,  with  relpe^l  to  the 
defcription,  ufe,  and  antiquity  of  the  cultor  excorialorius.  I 
fliall  only  further  obierve,  that  the  gradual  thicknefs  in  our  in- 
ftruments aforementioned  feeras  to  be  very  aptly  contrived  for 
the  eafier  and  readier  forcing  the  outward  Ik  in  from  the  body  of 
the  vid;ira,  by  making  way  for  the  fingers  of  the  perfon  em- 
ployed in  this  fun61:ion.  -But  thefe  fentiments,  in  a  matter  of  fo 
much  obfcurity,  are  entirely  fubmittcd  to  the  further  judgement 
;G.f  this  learned  aiTcmblv. 


J  Fin- 


[  XII 


A  vindication  of  a  Pqffage  in  V'wg\\  fj'om  the  Cenjures  of  Monfieur 
Huet,  in  a  Letter  from  S.  Gale,  Efq.  to  James  Welt,  EJq, 


London,  Oft.  2,  1731- 

I  hope  you  will  pardon  me  for  prefuming  to  criticife  upon  fo 
great  a  man  as  the  late  Monfieur  Huet,  bifliop  of  Avranches 
(for  whom,  I  affure  you,  I  have  a  very  great  deference)  fince  I 
could  not  pafs  by  in  filence,  without  taking  fomc  notice  of  his  fol- 
lowing remarks  upon  a  very  fine  paffage  in  Virgil,  in  hisHuetiana, 
p.  108,  feci.  45,  and  which  he  there  calls,  a/^/^/Z  of  Virgil. 

"  Thefe  triflles  (fays  he)  fometimes-  efcape  the  attention  of 
"  the  greateft  men.  Virgil  *,.notwithftanding  all  his  fagacity  and 
"  circumfpe6tion,  is  fallen  into  one  of  the  grofl^ft  errors,  when, 
'*  having  compared  Orpheus  lamenting  the  lofs  and  abfence  of  his 
*'  dear  Eurydice  to  the  nightingale,  who  mournfully  regrets  her 

unplumed  young  ones,  taken  from  their  neft, 


(( 


"  Qualis  populea  moerens  Philomela  fub  umbra. 
"  Amiflbs  queritur  foetus,  quos  durus  arator 
'*  Obferrans  nido  impliimes  detraxit  -,  at  ilia 
"  Flet  noftem,  ramoque  fedens  miferabile  carmen 
"  Incegrat,  &  moeflos  late  loca  queftibus  implet. 

"  He  makes  her  then  fing  under  the  fhade  of  a  poplar  tree,, 
"  populea  mosrens  Philomela  fub  tmibrd,  and  immediately"  after 
**  this  fong  is  a  nocturnal  fong ;  but  how  can  the  night  and 
"  fliadow  of  a  poplar  tree  have  any  reference  the  one  to  the 
"  other?" 

*  Georg.  iv.  511. 

With. 


112  MR.    S.    GALE'S    VINDICATION 

With  great  fubmiflion  to  the  Bifhop,  this  fimile  of  the  night- 
ingale appears  to  me  one  of  the  fineil:  and  tendereit  in  all  the 
poet.  Such  moving  ftrains  are  apt  to  touch  the  paffions,  and 
awaken  our  deepeft  concern,  which  is  what  our  avithor  chiefly 
had  in  view:  but  Monf.  Huet  lays  a  ftreis  uj^on  what  fcarce 
any  one  elfe  could  have  thought  on,  a  fault  or  Hip  of  Virgil 
(which  is  the  moft  can  be  made  of  it),  fliould  even  that  be 
granted,  which  I  can  by  no  means  however  allow ;  and  am 
fully  perfuaded  Virgilmay  be  eafily  vindicated  from  any  blun- 
der or  contradidfion  in  his  fcehe  of  night  and  fliade  of  the. poplar. 

We  all  know  how  fweetly  tlie  nightingale  warbles  in  the  fum- 
mer  nights,  efpecially  when  they  are  enlightened  by  the  fplen- 
dent  moon  ;  fplendent  I  call  her,  as  the  poet  does  in  another 
place*,   where  he  folemnly  invokes  the  ifun  and  moon: 

— — Vos,  0  clarilTima  muiidi 


Lumina,  labentem  ceelo  quae  ducitis  anliam. 
and  whofe  rifing  our  own  Milton  fo  beautifully  defcribes  f  : 

Now  came  flill  evening  on,  and  twilight  grey 
Had  in  her  fober  livery  all  things  clad  •, 
Silence  accompany 'd  •,  for  beaft  and  bird, 
They  to  their  graffy  couch,  theTe  to  their  ncfls. 
Were  flunk,  all  but  the  wakeful  nightingale; 
She  all  night  long  her  amorous  defcant  fung. 
Silence  was  pieas'd,  now  glow'd  the  firmament 
With  living  fapphyrs — Hcfperus  that  led 
The  ilarry  hull  rode  brighteft,  till  the  moon, 
ilifirig  in  clouded  raajefty,  at  length 
Apparent  queen,  unveil'd  her  peerlefs  light, 
And  o'er  the  dark  her  filver  mantle  threw. 

*  Gcorg.  i.  5,  -f  ParaJife  Loft,  Iv.  605. 


How 


OF      A      PASSAGE      IN      VIRGIL.  113 

Mow  Ibleinn,  how  folitary  a  iliade  the  lofty  and  vvide-fpreadinp- 
trees  afford,  by  the  affiltance  of  this  luminary,  I  need  only  hint  ; 
fo  that,  in  plain  ternts,  a  moon-light  night  clears  up  this  feem- 
ing  error  of  our  poet,  and  covers  the  mouinfi.l  Philomel  with  an 
holpitable  though  nocturnal  fliade,  while  flie  fings  lonely  under 
the  large  jxjplar  boughs. 

But  further,  I  think,  the  word  W7ibra'cc\viv  be  taken  in  a  more 
extenfive  fenfe  than  meerly  to  imply  a  fliade.  It  is  fometimes> 
ufed,  and  that  poetically,  to  fignify  a  ])lace  of  refuge  or  prote6lion  : 
thus  the  Pfalmifty  *'  Sub  umbra  alarum.  proted:ionem  quaero,**" 
Pfalm  LVII.  and  Virgil  himfelf  very  well  exi)lains  it,  where  he 
places  his  fliepherd  in  foft  repofe,  "  Patulae  recubans  fubtegmine 
"  fagi,"  and  "  tu  Tityre  lentus  in  umbra."  For  certainly  a  large 
fpreading  tree  is  a  very  good  defence  from  winds,  from  the 
threatening  ftorms,  or  fliowers  of  the  inclement  flcies. 

If  you  approve  of  this  fhort  apology,  it  will  be  a  very  great 
pleafure  to  me,  who  am  glad  of  every  opportunity  to  alTure  you 
thMrl  aai,  Siri, 

Your  moft  obliged  humble  fervant,. 


.m  «m  i;  S.   GalE. 


Q  For 


C     114     J 


For  the  GcQtlcmctis  Society  at  Spalding,   Feb.  i6,    17126, 
At  Soutlnvick  in  Northampton fliire. 


On  Saturday  oa.  8,    1726. 


oa.  8,  10  M.[ 


Barom.  Alt. 
29.   90. 


Thermom. 
54- 


Wind 
W.  I. 


jRain, 
Fair  8c  clear. 


An  Aurora  Borealis  I  think  full  as  remarkable  as  that  in  March- 
171 6  ■'•,  though  varying  in  form*,  it  began  about  fix  at  night  to  be  1 
light  in  the  North,  with  ftreaks  proceeding  from  it,   and  fpread 
gradually  both  towards  the  Eaft  and  Weil,  the  South  being  ftill 
very  dear,   but  before  feven  left  all  the  northern  parts  (except, 
towards  the   zenith),  and  covered  all  the  fouthern  ;   foon  after" 
which  there  appeared  a  white  arch  proceeding  from  Eaft  to  Weft, 
pafhng  near  the  zenith,   but  more  South,  which  feemed  fixed  for; 
a  time,   but  about  ten  minutes  paft  {even  was  difperfed,  and  ivn^! 

*  Dr.  Taylor,  m  a  letter  dated  April  2,  from  Cottcrflock,  near  Oundle,  North- 
amptonfliire,  thus  defcribes  the  phenomena  of  1716. 

*'  On  Saturday  night  lad,  and  laft  night,  I  faw  appearances  of  the  fame  kind 
*'  with  thofe  of  March  6,  but  not  to  be  compared  with  them  for  extent  and  ftrength. 
*'  They  both  began  foon  after  fun-fet,  and  continued  till  after  twelve,  but  how 
*'  much  Icnger  I  cannot  tell ;  they  were  both  about  10  or  15  degrees  to  the  weft- 
"  ward  of  the  North,  and  took  up  about  Sodegreesof  the  horizon,  and  the  Aurora 
"  rofe  about  30  degrees  high,  with  a  dark  bottom  like  what  was  fcen  in  thefirft; 
"  from  hence  fprung  out  feveral  bodies  of  light,  which  immediately  ran  intoftreams, 
•'*  afcending  about  So  or  at  leaft  40  degrees  high.  There  was  no  flashing  or  waving 
"  light,  but  in  all  other  refpefts  thefe  lights  were  of  the  fame  kind  with  what  we 
"  faw  at  London.  Indeed  in  that  laft  night  there  was  one  phjenomenon  like  the 
"  flilhing  l\i\ht  ;  for  a  body  of  light  about  14  or  20  degrees  long,  and  parallel  to 
*'  the  horizon,  rofe  till  it  came  about  fix  degrees  above  the  black  bafis,  and  then 
*'  fent  up  twt)  (trong  ftreams  of  light  about  45  degrees  high,  which  at  top  dafhed 
*'  agaiuPc  each  other,  and  difappeared."  Phil.  Tranf.  N"  348,  p.  430.  Baddam's 
Mem.  of  the  Royal  Society,  VI.  218. 

1  '    mediately 

9 


AURORA    BOREALIS    AT    SOUTHWICK.  115 

^mediately  fucceeded  by  a  kind  of  glory  of  an  oval  form.  The 
longer  axis  from  Eaft  to  Weft,  fomething  South  of  the  zenith, 
with  rays  fliooting  up  from  all  parts,  and  interchanging  fwiftly. 
For  about  15  or  20  degrees  from  it,  the  reft  of  the  heavens  (ex- 
cept the  North,  which  ftill  continued  very  clear)  affording  va- 
rious phaenomena.  In  the  Eaft  there  was  a  quick  fucceflion  of 
columns  of  iris  colours  inclinable  to  white,  the  Weft  to  purple, 
and  about  the  South  Weft  for  a  good  fpace  appeared  almoft  a 
blood  red  corrufcation,  which  continued  five  or  fix  minutes. 

Thefe  appearances  in  a  quarter  of  an  hour  became  lefs  remark- 
able, though  the  Aurora  continued  moft  of  the  night,  and  af- 
forded a  light  generally  equal  to  the  moon  in  its  quadratures. 
Looking  with  my  telefcope  at  Jupiter,  I  found  both  his  fatellites 
and  belts  appear  as  plain  through  the  Aurora  as  if  the  £ky  had 
beerj  perfectly  clear. 


3 nog  jrJgil-  R  bob'ic'i 
ifjo'l  I  a^ik[u\  3i5  f.  n  ihhr  •gnbl::  J. 

xisrjo-irlj  nif.'  ;  sJbc^  ' 


BIBLIOTHECA 

TOPOGRAPHICA 

BRITANNICA 

N*  II.     Part    III. 

CONTAINING 

R  E  L  I  S^U  I  JE.    G  A  L  E  A  N  M\ 

O    R, 
MISCELLANEOUS     PIECES, 
By  the  late  learned  Brothers  ROGER  and  SAMUEL  GALE. 

With  a  General  Index  to  the  Whole. 

*^*  All  Account  of  the  Gentlemen's  Society  at  Spalding,  intended  as 
an  Introdudion  to  the  Reliqui^  GaleaNjE,  is  in  great  forwardnefs. 


LONDON, 

PRINTED    BY    AND    FOR    J.    NICHOLS, 

PRINTER    TO    THE    SOCIETY     OF    A  NT  I  QJJ  AR  I  E  S  ; 

AND  SOLD  BY  ALL  THE  BOOKSELLERS  IN  GREAT-BRITAIN  AND  IRELAND, 

MDCCLXXXII. 

'[Price  Seven  Sliillings  and  Six  Pence.^ 


GENERAL      PREFACE. 

^~^HE  plan  of  this  Number  was  fuggefted  by  a  valuable  coi- 
**•     le6tion  of  Letters  that  palled  between    Mr.    R.  Gale  and 
fome  of  the  moft  eminent  Antiquaries  of  his  time,   which  had 
been  prefented  by  his  grandfon  to  Mr.  George  Allan  of  Darling- 
ton.     This  gentleman,  with  the  indefatigable  diligence   which 
diftinguiflies    all  his   purfuits,   tranfcribed  them   all  into  three 
quarto  volumes,  and  communicated  them  to  Mr.  Gough,  with  a 
"wifli  that  in  fome  mode  or  other  they  might  be  made  public. 
In  this  view  feveral  of  them  were  read  occafionally  at  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries,  and  three  or  four  of  them  printed  in  the  fixth 
volume  of  the  Archoeologia ;   but  as  they  were  of  too  m-ifcella- 
neous  a  nature  to  form  a  part  of  that  publication,    it  was  thought 
the  v\'ifli   of  the  public-fpirited  tranfcriber  could  not  be  better 
gratified  than  in  the  prefent  mode.      Accordingly  they  form  the 
whole  fecond  part  of  this  number,  and  by  much  the  largeft  fliare 
of  the  third  part. 

The  bulk  of  the  letters  here  printed  are  from  Mr.  Allan's  col- 
ledlions ;  a  correfpondence,  in  pretty  regular  fucceflion,  between 
Mr.  Gale,  Dr.  Stukeley,  and  Mr.  Johnfon,  founder  of  the  Literary 
Society  at  Spalding,  Sir  John  Clerk,  that  eminent  Scottifli  An= 
tiquary,  Mr.  Horlley,  and  Mr.  Beaupre  Bell. 

Of  the  intermediate  infertions,  in  which  chronological  order 
could  not  be  fufficiently  attended  to,  N°'  i6.  46.  47.  are  from  the 
originals,  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Gough  ;  N°'  34.  36.  37.  38.  39. 
42.  44.  48.  50.  56.  57.  60.  are  from  a  collediion  of  Dr.  Za- 
chary  Grey's  letters,  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Nichols;  N°  61  vras 
communicated  by  Dr.  Ducarel,  to  whom  it  is  addreffed. 

N°'  129.  130.  131.  132.  133.  134.  166.  167.  172.  are 
from  the  originals  among  Dr.  Birch's  papers  in  the  Britifn  Mu- 
feum ;  and  170,  171.  are  from  the  Sloanian  MSS.  there,  both 
lately  laid  open  by  the  indultry  of  Mr.  Ayfcough. 

^TOS 


ii  GENERAL       PREFACE. 

^"'  ^35-  136'  ^57-  13^'  ^39-  140.  were  communicated  by 
the  foil  ot"  the  gentleman  to  whom  they  were  addrciTed  ;  as  were 
alfo  N"' 84.  141.  160,  161.  162.- 163.  164.  from  Mr.  Blom- 
field's  MS.  colteaions  in  the  hands  of  Ur.  Gough.  N'"  165. 
168.  i6l).  from  the  late  ^h\  G.  Scott  of  Wolfton-hall,  in  the 
fame  hands. 

The  letters  of  Mr.  Johnfon  might  more  properly  have  been 
annexed  to  the  Memoirs  of  the  Spalding  Society  ;  but  when  they 
were  printed,  the  editor  was  not  poffjffed  of  fuch  ample  mate- 
lials  for  a  hiilory  of  that  Society,  as  have  now  fallen  into  his 
hands  by  favour  of  the  reprefentatives  of  its  founder.  He  has 
therefore,  inftead  of  a  new  arrangement,  referred  back  to  them. 

To  thefe  valuable  correfpondences  are  fubjoined  feveral  trails 
by  the  two  Gales. 

Mr.  Samuel  Gale's  tour  through  feveral  parts  of  England", 
1705,  is  printed  from  the  original  MS.  in  Dr.  Ducarel's  library. 

Mr.  Roger  Gale's  account  of  Northallerton  and  Scarborough, 
and  his  hilforical  difcourfe  on  the  ducal  family  of  Britany  earl's 
of  Richmond,  from  Mr.  Allan's  collecSlion  ;  his  defcription  of  his 
native  village  of  Scruto}t,  with  the  corre6lions  intended  for  a  new 
edition  of  the  Regiilrum  Honoris  de  Richmond,  are  tranfcribed 
from  the  margin  of  a  copy  of  that  book  in  his  own  hand,  in  the 
polTefiion  of  John  Watfon  Reed,  efq.  of  Lincoln's  hin. 

The  merit  of  thefe  feveral  pieces,  and  of  the  leffer  productions 
of  thefe  Pleiades*  in  our  antiquarian  republic,  is  too  well  known 
to  require  any  further  heightening  from  the  Editor ;  who  flatters 
himfelf  he  lliall  not  incur  a  cenfure  if  he  offers  them  as  a  Sup- 
plement to  the  works  printed  under  the  aufpices  of  the  prefent 
Society  of  Antiquaries. 

*  An  allurion  to  die  fcven  poets  fo  ftyled,  who  flourifhed  in  the  court  of  Ptolemy 
Philadelphus. 

2  GENERAL 


[  V  J 


G  E  N'  E  R  A  L     CONTENTS. 


M 


PART        I. 

EMOIRS  and  Pedigree  of  the  Family  of  Gale  —  p.  i — xvi 

A  Tour  through  feveral  Parts  of  England,  by  S.  Gale,  Efq;  in  1 705,  p.  i — 4S 


PART         II. 

Correflions  in  the  Memoirs  of  Gale,  ■—  *—  —-p.  "*45 

Epistolary  Correspondence  of  Contemporary  Antk^uarians. 

Letter  Page 

1.  Mr.  Cary  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Nov.  8,  1727,              — >            —  —  49 

2.  Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Jan.  31,  1727-8,                 —  —  50 

3.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Sept.  1729,         —             —  —  51 

4.  Mr.  Johnlbn  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  July  22,  1722,             —            — •  ' —  52 

5.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Aug.  25,  1735,                   —  —  57 

6.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  May  2,  1737,               — -            —  —  67 

7.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Jan.  1 1,  1741-2,                     —  —  71 

8.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  July  30,  1742,                   —  —  y^ 

9.  Mr.  R.  Gale  to  Mr.  Johnfon,  Aug.  9,  1742,             — •             — '  •""  77 
30.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Sept.  23,  1743,                   —  —  81 

11.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  Pv.  Gale,  Jan.  14,  1743-4,                     —  —  84 

12.  Mr.  Gale's  anfwcr,  Jan.  27,  1745-4,               —                  —  —  85 

13.  Mr.  Peggc's  explanation  of  a  Roman  infcription,              —  —  86 

14.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Dr.  Stukeley,  Gel.  14,  17 1 9,                  —  —  90 
1,5.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  Bowyer,  June  1744,           —  —  ^6 

16.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Dr.  Stukeley,  June  21,  1750,              —  loo 

17.  Mr.  FlacetoMr.  R.  Gale,  July  23,  1709,             — ■             — -  —  105 

18.  Mr.  R.  Gale  to  Mr.  Place,  Sept.  5,  1709,             —               —  —  109 

19.  Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  July  12,  1709                   —  —  112 

20.  Dr.  Stukeley  on  Richborough  ruins,  1 716,            —              — ■  —  115 

21.  Mr.  U.  Gale  to  Dr.  Stukeley,  July  14, 1719,              ^ —  117 

22.  Mr.  R.  Gale  to  Mr.  S.  Gale,  April  7,  1729,               ■ —  120 

33.  Mr.R.Gale  to  Dr.  Harwood,  Sept.  17,  1719,           —  123 

24.  Mr.  Ella  to  Dr.  Stukeley,  April  3,  1723,                 ■ —  126 

25.  Mr.  Robinfon  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  OlT:.  10, 172-},                  —  —  132 

26.  Arms  in  Weft  Tanfield  Church             —                —             —  —  134 

a  3  27.  Mr.. 


vi  CONTENTS. 

Letter  Pag-e 

27.  Mr.  Salmon  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  April  17,  1725,          —             —  —  135 

28.  Mr.  R.  Gale  to  Mr,  Salmon,  April  21;,  1725,                  —  —  135 

29.  Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  R   Gale,  March  14,  1727,                 —  ' —  137 

30.  Mr.  Goodman  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Aug.  17,  1727,                   —  —  142 

31.  Mr.  R.  Gale  to  Mr.  Goodman,  Aug.  26,  1727,                  —  —  144. 

32.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Aug.  I,  1728,           —               —  —  146 

33.  Mr.  Johiifon  toMr.  R.  Gale,  April  23,  1729,           —             —  —  ibid. 

34.  Mr.  Bell  to  Dr.  Z.  Grev,  Dec.  10,  1728,             —                —  —  147 

35.  Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  R. Gale,  April  22,  1729,           —          —  —  ibid. 

36.  Mr.  Salmon  to  Mr.  Bell,  May  17, 1729,               —               —  —  149 

37.  Mr.  Bell's  Anfwer,  May  19,  1729,                  —                   —  —  150 

38.  Dr.  Mortimer  to  Dr.  Waller,  July  28,  1729,              —             —  —  155 
gg.  Dr.  Hunter  to  Dr.  Grey,  April  16,  1730,             —              —  —  i6z 

40.  Mr.  Snell  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Jan.  16, 1730-1,             —             —  —  163 

41.  Captain   Pownall  on    fome    ancient    Sepulchres  found  at  Lincoln, 

Junei73i,                  —             —                 —              —  —  16^ 

42.  Dr.  Knight  to  Dr.  Z.  Grey,  March  24, 1733,             —             —  —  167 

43.  Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Jan.  14, 1733-4,              —              —  —  169 

44.  Mr.  Charles  Gray  to  Dr.  Z.  Grey,  Jan.  29, 1735,           —           —  —  171 

45.  Mr.  Blackwell  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Oa.  2,  1735,             —             —  —  175 
40.  Mr.  Bell  to  Dr.  Stukeley,  March  3,1736,              —                  —  —  176 

47.  Mr.  Bell  to  Dr.  Stukeley,  Oa.  16, 1736,                 —                   —  —  178 

48.  Dr.  Hunter  to  Dr.  Z.  Grey,  Nov.  29,  1736,              —              —  —  179 

49.  Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Feb.  27,  1738,         —           —             —  —  181 

50.  Dr.  Hunter  to  Dr.  Z.  Grey,  Nov,  12,  1738,         —         —         —  —  ibid. 

51.  Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  May  12,  1739,          — ■             —  —  183 

52.  Mr.  Piatt  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  June  18,  1739,             —                 —  —  ^^4 

53.  Mr.  S.  Gale  to  Dr.  Stukeley,  May  24,  1740,                       —  —  185 

54.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  July  13,  1740,              —              —  —  186 

55.  Mr.  Johnfon  toMr.R.  Gale,  Dec.  28, 1741,             —             ^ —  —  187 

56.  Dr.  Knight  to  Dr.  Z.  Grey,  Feb.  22,  1742,             —             —  —  188 

57.  Dr.  Knight  to  Dr.  Z.  Grey,  May  12,  1742,                 —             —  —  190 

58.  Mr.  Knight  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  0£l.  II,  1742,             —           —  —  191 

59.  Dr.  Rawlinfon  toMr.  R.  Gale,  April  7,  1744,         —               —  —  193 

60.  Earl  of  Suffolk  to  Dr.  Williams,  Aug.  30,  1746,         —           —  —  194. 

61.  Mr.  S.  Gale  to  Dr.  Ducarel,  Aug.  12,  1748,         —             —  —  195 

62.  (Mifprinted  63.)    Dr.  Stukeley  on  Ifurium  and  Leeming  Lane,  in 

Yorkfliire,  April  9,  1757,                  —                      —  —  197 

Lliftorical  Account  of  Northallerton,  by  Mr.  R.  Gale,          —  —  200 

The  Conftitution  and  Ufage  of  the  Borough  of  Scarborough,  1738-9,  213 

Hiftorical  Account  of  Scruton,  by  Mr.  R.  Gale,                —  —  215 

*  Of  the  Ducal  Family  of  Britany,  Earls  of  Richmond,  by  Mr.  R.  Gale,  221 

*  Additions  to  the  Honor  de  Richmond,  —  —  —     261 — 266 

•  N.  B.  Thcfe  two  articles,  p.  iH'—ibb,  thou2h  printed  with  Part  III.  arc  fo  paged  as  to  be  conneftcd 
with  the  conchifion  of  Part  II, 

d  PART 


CONTENTS. 
PART      III. 


▼« 


Continuation  of  the  Epistolary  Correspondence. 

Letter  Page 

64.  Mr.  Gordon  to  Mr.  Aubrey,.  June  15,    1692,                 —  —  221 

65.  Mr.  R.  Gale  to  Dr.  Stukeley,  Aug.  19,   1719,               —  —  224 

66.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  April  7,    1720,               '■  •    •  —  2 '.6 

67.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  April  16,   1726,               —  —  231 

68.  Mr.  R,  Gale  to  Sir  J.  Clerk,  April  26,  1726,                —  —  232 

69.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  June  2,    1726,               —         — .  —  237 

70.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  June  11,  1726,  —  —  241 
,71.  Mr.  R.  Gale  to  Sir  J.  Clerk,  June  24,   1726,                  —  —  243 

72.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Aug.  29,  1726,                  —  —  249 

.73.  Mr.  R.  Gale  to  Sir  J.  Clerk,  Sept.  6,   1726,                  -^-  —  251 

73*.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  April  29,   1729,                  — •  • —  253 

74*.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Sept.  10,   1729,               —  ' —  255 

75*.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Dec.  22,  1729,                —  —  *255 

.  74.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  (iale,  July  17,  1729,              —  257 

75.  Mr.  Uorfley  to  Mr.  Salmon,  Feb.  21,   1729-30,             —  299 

76.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  April  13,   1730,               —  260 

77.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  Jan.  30,   1730,         —  263 

78.  Mr.  Machin  on  the  Flight  of  Birds,          —  267 

,79.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  on  the  preceding  paper,            —  —  273 

80.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  March  31,  1731,         —         —  —  277 

Si.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  March  1 73 1 -2,           —           — .  —  280 

82.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  1730,             —  282 

83.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Od.  10,   1730,           —           —  —  287 

84.  Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  Blomfield,            —             —  — -  290 

85.  Mr.  Goodman  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Jan.  4,   1 730-1,         —          —  —  291 

86.  Mr.  Horiley  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  June  12,   1731,         — ■            —  —  ibid. 

87.  Mr.  Wife  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Sept.  3,   1734,            —           —  —  294 
S8.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  March  13,   1732,          —          —  295 

89.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  May  4,  1732,            —           —  —  297 

90.  Sir  J.  Clerk  toMr.  R.  Gale,  Aug,  6,   1732,           —           —  —  298 

91.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Sept.  22,  1732,          —          —  —  300 

92.  Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Nov.  13,   1735,           —            —  —  302 

93.  Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Dec.  6,  1739,             —            —  —  303 

94.  Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Dec.  14,   1736,             —             —  —  ibid. 

95.  Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,             —            -—  305 

96.  Account  of  an  Infcription  at  Burhill,  Sept.  7,   1736,            —  —  307 

97.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  May  7,   1737,            —             —  —  308 

98.  Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  May  9,   1737,           —           —  —  309 

99.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Aug.  27,  1737,  —  —  —  311 
100.  Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  July  30,  1738,  —  —  —  315 
loi.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  R. Gale,  Nov.  12,  1738,          —         —  —  316 

102.  Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  June  25,  1729,                 —  —  31S 

103.  Mr.  johnfon  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  July  14,  1739,         —             —  —  ibid. 

104.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Aug.  7,  1739,           —            —  — .  320 

a  4  105. 


V1U  CONTENTS. 

Letter  Page 

15.  Mr.  R.  Gale  to  Mr.  Johnfon,  Aug.  18, 1739,  —  —  3^3 

106.  SirJ.ihnClcTk  to  Mr.  R.GUe,  Aug.  ly,  1739,  _  — .  —  3.6 

107.  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Dec.  ?■,  1739,  —  —  334- 

108.  Mr.  R.  Gale  to  Sir  John  Clerk,  Feb.  26,1739-40,  —  —  3^5 

109.  (Mifprinted  no.)  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.Gale,  Feb.  16,1740,  338 
III.  Mr.  R.Gule  to  Mr.  Johnfon,  Feb.  29, 1739-40,  —  —  3+^ 
1 1  2,  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  July  16,  1740,           —           — •  —  343 

113.  Mr."  lohnfon  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  April  3,  1741,  —  —  344 

114.  Dr.  Smkeley  to  Mr.  R.Gale,  Feb.  9, 1741-2,  —  —  34^ 
1 1  5.  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  March  5,  1741-2,             —  —  34^ 

116.  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  March  24,  1741-2,  —  —  35° 

117.  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  April  8,  1742,  ■—  —  45^ 
1 1  8.  Mr.  R.  Gale  to  Sir  John  Clerk,  April  17,  1742,                 —  — •  354 

119.  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  May  17,  1742,  —         _  —357 

120.  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  June  17, 1740^         —         —  —  360 

121.  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  1742,  —  —  —  3^2 

122.  Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr. R.  Gale,  April  14,1743,  —  —  sH 

123.  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  June  22,  1743,         —         —  —  3^5 

124.  Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Aug.  5,   1743,  —  —  _  386 

125.  Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  Sept.  24,  1743,         —  —  —  3^7 

126.  Mr.R.  Galeto  Dr.  Rawlinfon,  Oa.  23,  1743,         —         —  —  388 

127.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  March  17,   1743-4,  —  —  389 

128.  Mr.  R.  Gale  to  Mr.  Johnfon,  June  12,  1744,  _         —  —  39:} 

129.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  INIr.  Birch,  March  14,  1743-4*-  —■  —398 
330.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  Birch,  March  I,  1744,     '        —           — '  -—401 

131.  Mr.  johnfon  to  Mr.  Birch,  June  30,  1744,         —  —  4^3 

132.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  Birch,  Nov.  10,  1744,  —  —  —  406 

133.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  Birch,  Feb.  28,  1752,         —  —  409 

134.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Dr.  Birch,  March  17,  1753,         —  —  413 

i'^^.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  Neve,  March  8,  1745-6*  —  —  4^7 

136.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  Neve,  May  7,  1746,  —  —  —  4^9 

137.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr. Neve,  July  5j  1726,  —  —  —  4^3: 

138.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mf.  Neve,  Feb.  4,  1746-7'         —  —  —  4^8 

139.  Mr.  johnfon  to  Mr.  Neve,  March  30,  1752,  —  —  431 

140.  Mr.  Johnfon  to  Mr.  Neve,  May  21,  1753?  —  —  —  433- 

141.  Mr.  Wafle  to ,1722.  —  —  439 

142.  Mr.  J.  WarburtontoMr.  R.Gale,  Dec.  II,  1723,       —         —  —  438 

143.  Mr.brake  to  Mr.  Gale,  —  —  44° 

144.  Mr.  R.  Gale's  Account  of  an  Altar,  or  rather  Pedeflal,  of  the  God- 

defs  i?r/Vrt/2w;^,  found  at  York,  1740,  —  —  —  44  ^ 

145.  Mr.  Drake's  Account  of  a  Gold  Coin  of  Conftantine's,  April  21, 1739,  443 

146.  Mr.  Rouch  to  Mr.  R.Gale,  —  —  444 

147.  Mr.  Routh  on  ruins  at  Pap  Cadle,  Jan.  16,  1741-2,  — ■  —  445 

148.  Mr.  Routh  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  April  13,  174J.  —  44<>' 

149.  Dr.  Stukeley  on  Horfley's  Britannia  Romana,  Feb.  4,  1728,  —  447 

150.  Su-  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  Feb.  13,  lyS^-S,        —          —  —  4+8 
■                                                                                                                   I  ;i.  Mr. 


CONTENTS.  IX 

151.  Mr.  Lethleullicr  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  July  II,  17.^5,              —  —  430 

152.  A  Diirertation  on  Coiittantinc  ihc  Great,  by  Mr.  R.  Gale,  July  11,  1736,  453 

153.  Mr.  Lantrov/ to  Mr.  Hatt(5n,              —              —  —  460 

154.  Dr.  Stukeley  on  Chicheller  Infcription.  1740,                   —  —  461 

155.  Mr.  Pv.  Gale  to  Sir  John  Clerk,                   —                 —  —  462 

136.  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  11.  Gale,                   —             —         —  — ■  ibid. 

137.  Another  Letter  from  Dr.  Stukeley  on  the  Chichefter  Infcription,  463 

158.  A  third  Letter  of  his  on  the  fame  Subjeft,             —             —  —  464 

159.  Mr.M'^ife  to  Mr.R.  Gale,  Aug.  19, 1731,          —             —  —  ibid. 

160.  Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  Blomfield,  Dec.  27,  173 1,           —              —  —  465 

161.  Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  Blomfield,  March  27, 1732,                   —  —  469 

162.  Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  Blomfield,  Dec.  23,  1733,                   —  —  470 

163.  Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  Blomfield,  June  26,  1746,             —             —  —  471 

164.  Mr.  Knight  to  Bifliop  Gibfon,  Jan.  26,  1719-20,          —         —  —  472 

165.  Mr.  J.  B.'s  Defcription  of  a  Journey  from  Littleton  to  Canterbury, 

July  8,  1726,  —  —  —  -—473 

166.  Remarkable  Memorandum  of  H.  Wanley,  Sept.  21, 1699,  —  470 

167.  Dr.  Stukeley  to  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Oct.  7, 1721,             —         —  -_  ibid 

168.  Mr.  Foxcroft  to  Mr.  Churchill,  April  18, 1719,               —  —  485 

169.  Mr.  Foxcroft  to  Mr.  Churchill,  May  28,  1720,              —  —  487 

170.  Mr.  R. Gale  to  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Feb.  28,  1732-3,             —  —  489 

171.  Mr.  R.  Gale  to  Sir  Hans  Sloane,             — ■            —            — >  —  ibid. 

172.  Mr,  Bell  to  Dr.  Nefbitt,  Sept.  20,1733,            — ,           — ,  —  492. 


Directions  to  the  Binder. 

N"  II.  Part  I.  contains  the  Memoirs  and  Pedigree  of  the  Gale  famil)'  ;  Mr.  Sv 
Gale's  Tour  through  feveral  parts  of  England  ;  and  two  plates.  It  ends  with 
p.  48. 

Part  II.  contains  the  Correfpondence  of  the  Gales  with  their  Contemporaries ; 
Mr.  R.  Gale's  Account  of  Northallerton  and  Scrutonj  and  two  more  plates.  It 
begins  with  p.  *49,  and  ends  with  p.  220. 

Part  III.  begins  with  Mr.  Gale's  Hiftorical  Difcourfe,  &c.  p.  221 — 266;  and 
then  what  is  intituled  Reliqui.e:  Galean/e,  beginning  p.  221,  follows  regu- 
larly. In  this  part  are  three  plates;  oneof  Scruton  church,  marked  plate  V.  to  face 
the  title ;  Plate  VI.  to  face  p.  239  ;  and  plate  VII.  to  face  p.  330. 

When  the  Volume  is  bound,  the  Preface  and  General  Contents  are  to  be  placed; 
in  ths  front  of  Part  I.  and  the  plate  of  Scruton  Church  to  face  p.  215. 


BIBLIOTHEGA 


TOPOGRAPHICA 


B      R      I      T      A      N      N      I      C      A. 

.  yd  ei 

N°  II.    Part  I. 

CONTAINING 

R  E  L  I  §l^U  I  jE    G  a  L  E  a  N  M'y 

O     R 
RIISCELLANEOUS       PIECES 

By  the  late  learned  Brothers  ROGER  arid^  SAMUEL.  GALE. 

In    which   will    be    included    their    CoRRESPONtiENCE    with 
their  learned    Contemporaries,    Memoirs   of  their   Family, 

and  an  Account  of    the  Literary   Society   at  SpAldin'g. 

'■j.ini 


LONDON,  r^^  .^• 

PRINTED    BY    AND    FOR    J.    NICHOLS, 
PRINTER    TO    THE     SOCIETY     OF    A  NT  I  Q_U  A  R  I  E  S  : 
AND  SOLD  BY  ALL  THE  BOOKSELLERS  IN  GREAT-BRITAIN  AND  IRELAND, 

MDCCLXXXI. 


MONG  the  various  Labours  of  Literary  Men,  tliere  have- 
always  been  certain  Fragments  vvhofe  Size  could  not  fecure 
them  a  general  Exemption  from  the  Wreck  of  Time,  which 
their  intrmfic  Merit  entitled  them  to-  furvive;  but,  having  been 
gathered  up  by  the  Curious,  or  thrown  into  Mifcellaneous  Col- 
letftions  by  Bookfellers,  they  have  been  recalled  into  Exiftence,. 
and  by  uniting  together  have  defended  themfelves  from  Ob- 
livion. Original  Pieces  have  been  called  in  to  their  Aid,  and: 
formed  a  Phalanx  that  might  withfcand  every  Attack  from  the- 
Critic  to  the  Cheefemonger,  and  contributed  to  the  Ornament 
as  well  as  Value  of  Libraries^ 

With  a  firailar  view  it  is  here  intended  to  prefent  the  PUb— 
lick  with  fome  valuable    Articles    of    British    Topography,, 

•  from  printed  Books^  and'  MSS.      One  j?art  of  this  CoHeition  will 
Gonfiif  of  Republications  of  fcarce  and  curious  Tracts ;   another 
of  fuch  MS.  Papers  as  the  Editors  are  already  polleffed  of,  of 
may  receive  from  their  Friends* 

It   is  therefore  propofed  to  publilli    a  Number  occafionally,, 
not  confined  to  the  fanie  Ptice  or  Quantity  of  Sheets,  noi*  always 

-  adorned  with  Guts;-  but- pagjed  in  fuch  a- Manner,  that  the  ge- 
neral Articles,   or   thofe  belonging  to  the  refpedive  Counties,, 
may  form  a,fe4iarate  Succeffion,  if  there.  Ihould  be  enough  pub- 
lilhed,  to  bind  in  fuita!)le  Clafles;.  and  each  Tracfl"  will  be  com- 
pleted in  a  fingie  Number. 

Into  tills  Colle^ioii-  all.  Communications  conflftent  Avith  the- 
Plan  will  be  received,  with  Thanks.      And  as  no  Correfpondent. 
will  be  denied  the  Privilege  of  controverting  the  Opinions  of 
another,  fo  none  will' be- denied   Admittance  without  a  fair  and 
impartial  Rciilbn,.  3, 


R  E  L  I  Sl^U  I  M     G  A  L  E  A  N  Ml 

O    R 
MISCELLANEOUS      PIECES 

BY  THE  LATE  LE  ARNED  B  R  OT  HER  S 

R:  O   G  E   R      AND      SAMUEL      GALE- 

Inwhich  will  be  included 

Their  Correfpondence  with  their  learned  Contemporaries^ 

Me  m  o  I  r  s     of    their     F  a  m  i  l  y^ 

Aaidlaa  Account  of  the  Literary  Society  at  SPALDING. 

P    A-    R    T       L- 


A    1 


C    i    ] 


PREFACE; 


CONTAINING 

Memoirs  of  the  Family  of  Gale. 

^r^HE  family  of  Gale,  fo  confiderable  in  the  North  and  Eaft 
Jl^  ridings  of  Yorkiliire-  in  the  i6th  Century,  contributed 
fo  much  in  the  laft  and  prefent  to  adorn  the  hft  of  Britifli 
Antiquaries,  that  we  lliould  hold  ourfelves  inexcufable  if  we  did 
not  preface  the  gleanings  of  the  two  learned  brothers  Roger  and 
Samuel  Gale,  here  offered  to  the  publick,  with  a  fliort  account  of 
them. 

Their  father,  Thomas  Gale,  celebrated  for  his  knowledge 
of  the  Greek  language  and  antiquities,  was  born  in  the  year 
1636,  at  Scruton  in  Yorkfliire.  At  a  proper  age  he  was  fent 
to  Weflminfter  fchool,  and  being  admitted  king's-fcholar  there, 
was  eledted  in  his  turn  to  Trinity  College  in  Cambridge,  and  be- 
came Fellow  of  that  Society^  Having  taken  his  firft  degree  in 
Arts  in  1656,  he  commenced  M.  A.  in  i662t.  In  the  profecu- 
tion  of  his  ftudies  he  applied  himfelf  to  claffical  and  polite  litera- 
ture, and  his  extraordinary  proficiency  therein  procured  him  early 
a  feat  in  the  temple  of  Fame.    His  extraordinary  knowledge  in  the 

*  James  Gale,  with  whom  the  pedigree  annexed  begins,  was  feated  at  Thirntofc 
near  Scruton,  in  the  hundred  of  Ealt  Gilling  and  North  riding,  1523;  his  eldctl 
great-grandfon  Robert,  or  Francis,  at  Akeham  Grange,  in  the  hundred  of  Anlty  in 
the  Eaft  riding,  1590. 

•f  Univerfity  Regiffer.  He  was  incorporated  M.  A.  at  Oxford,  on  the  opening  of 
the  Sheldonian  Theatre  there,  in  1669.     Wood's  Fafti,  voh  II.  col.  177. 

a  -       Greek 


ii  PREFACE. 

Greek  tongue  recommended  him  1666  to  the  Regius  Profeflbriliip 
of  that  language  in  the  Univerfity*,  and  his  Majefty's  choice  was 
aj^proved,  by  the  accurate  edition  which  he  gave  of  the  ancient 
Mythologic  writers,  as  well  phyfical  as  moral,  in  Greek  and 
Latin,  publillied  at  Cambridge  in  i  67  i,  8vo. 

This  brought  his  merit  into  public  view,  and  upon  the 
death  of  Mr.  Samuel  Crorablehome  the  following  year,  our 
ProfelTor  was  appointed  to  fucceed  him  as  head-mafler  of  St, 
Paul's  School  in  London ;  foon  after  which,  by  his  Majefty's  di- 
rec5tion,hedrewupthore  infcriptions  which  are  to  be  feen  upon  the 
Monument,  in  memory  of  the  dreadful  conflagration  of  the  me- 
tropolis in  1666,  the  elegance  of  which  will  be  a  perpetual  mo- 
nument of  his  literary  merit,  for  which  he  was  alfo  honoured 
with  a  public  teftimony  in  a  prefent  of  plate  made  to  him 
by  the  city.  His  excellent  condu6l  and  commendable  induftry 
in  the  School  abundantly  appear  from  the  great  number  of 
perfons  eminently  learned  who  were  educated  by  him.  And 
notwithftanding  the  fatigue  of  that  laborious  office,  he  found 
time  to  publilh  new  and  accurate  editions  of  feveral  ancient  and 
valuable  Greek  authors. 

He  accumulated  the  degrees  of  Bachelor  and  Do6lor  of  Divi- 
nity in  1675!;  and  June  7,  1676,  he  was  collated  to  the 
prebend  Confumpt.  per  mare  in  the  cathedral  of  St,  Paul|. 
He  was  alfo  ele6ted  into  the  Royal  Society,  of  which  he  be- 
became  a  very  conftant  and  \ifeful  member,  was  frequently  of  the 
council,  and  prefented  them  with  many  curiofities,  particu- 
larly a  Roman  urn  with  the  aOies,  found  near  Peckham  in 
Surrey.  Part  of  thefe  burnt  bones  he  gave  to  Mr.  Thorefby  1|:  and 
on  St.  Andrew's-day  1685,  the  Society  having  refolved  to  haveho- 

*   He  rcfigned  it  i6-j2.  -f  Uiiiverfity  Regiflcr. 

^,  Newcourt's  Repertory,  vol.  I.  p.  144.  ||  See  his  Dacatus  I.eocHenUs, 

p.  4:9. — Thorefby  appears  to  have  had  in  his  Miifcum  Memoirs  of  the  Family  of 
Gale,  particularly  of  the  Dean  and  Chriflopher  Gale.     See  p.  j^]2. 

norary 


R      E      F      A      C      E. 


Ill 


norary  Secretaries,  who  would  act  without  any  view  of  reward,  Dr. 
Gale  was  chofen  with  Sir  John  Hofl-iyns  into  that  office,  when  they 
appointed  the  celebrated  Mr.  (afterwards  Dr.)  Halley  for  their clerk- 
affiuant,  or  under-lecretary  •••,  who  had  been  a  diitipguifliedfcholar 
of  our  author's  at  St.  Paul's  School ;  at  the  head  of  which  Dr.  Gale 
continued  with  the  greateil  reputation  for  the  fpace  of  twenty-five 
years:}:,  till  1697,  when  he  was  promoted  to  the  deanry  of  York; 
and  being  admitted  into  that  dignity  September  1 6,  that  year,  he 
removed  thither. 

This  preferment  was  no  more  than  a  jufl  reward  of  his  merit, 
but  he  did  not  live  to  enjoy  it  many  years.  On  his  admifTion, 
finding  the  dean's  right  to  be  a  canon-refidentiary  called  in 
queflion,  he  was  at  the  expence  of  procuring  letters  patent  in  1699, 
to  annex  it  to  the  deanry,  which  put  the  matter  out  of  all  dif- 
pute.  On  his  removal  from  London,  he  prefented  to  the  new 
librar)",  then  lately  finiflied  at  his  College  in  Cambridge,  a  cu- 
rious coUeilion  of  Arabic  manufcripts.  During  the  remainder  of 
his  life,  which  was  fpent  at  York,  he  preferved  an  holpitality  fuit- 
able  to  his  flation;  and  his  good  government  of  that  church  is 
mentioned  with  honour.  Nor  has  the  care  which  he  took  to  re- 
pair and  adorn  that  Ifately  edifice  pafTed  without  a  juft  tribute  of 
praifej. 

*  Birch's  Hiflory  of  the  Royal  Society,  under  the  year  1685,  vol.  IV. 

'f-  His  name  is  fubfcribeJ  to  a  Greelc  copy  of  verles  in  the  "  Epicedia  Cantabri» 
gienfia,  169 1,"  as  "  Taxator  Academia;  Sen.  Coll.  Trin." 

X  "  After  the  Reformation  fome  avaricious  Deans  leafed  out  the  ground  on  each 
*'  lide  the  fleps  on  the  South  fide  for  building  houfes.  The fe  were  itanding  jufl;  as 
"  they  are  reprelented  in  Hollar's  draught  in  the  iVIonafticon,  and  were  of  great 
"  difcredit  as  well  as  annoyance  to  the  fabrick,  till  the  worthy  Dean  Gale,  among 
"  other  particular  benefaftions,  pulled  down  the  houfes,  and  cleaned  this  part  of 
•'  the  church  from  the  fcurf  it  had  contrafted  by  the  fmoak.  proceeding  from  thefe 
"  dwellings."  Drake's  Eboracum,  p.  480.  572.  "  On  the  wall  on  the  North  aile 
*'  of  tlie  choir.  Dean  Gale,  who  had  the  intereil  of  the  fabrick  much  at  heart,  caufed 
"  a  large  table  to  be  erefted,  with  the  names  and  dates  of  the  feveral  founders  and 
"  benefaftors  to  this  church.  There  has  been  no  addition  to  the  catalogue  fince  his 
"  time."     lb.  527. 

a  2  Having 


Iv  PREFACE. 

Having  poffefTed  this  dignity  little  more  than  four  years  and  a. 
half,  he  was  taken  from  thence,  and  from  the  world,  April  8, 
1702,  in  the  67th  year  of  his  age.  He  died  in  the  deanry-houfe, 
and  was  interred  in  the  middle  of  the  choir  of  his  cathedral.  Over 
his  grave  is  a  black  marble  with  the  following  infcription : 

"  M.  M.  S. 

T  H  O  M  ^  GALE,   S.  T.  P.      Decani  Edor. 

Viri,  fi  quis  alius, 

Ob  multifariam  eruditionem, 

Apud  fuos  exterofque  celeberrimi. 

Quale  nomen  fibi  conquifivit 

Apud  Cantabrigienfes 

Collegium  S.  S.  'T'rinitatis  ct 

Gr^^r^  linguae  Profefforis  Ptegii  cathedra; 

Apud  LondinateSy  '; 

Viri  literatiffimi  in  Rempublicam 
Et  Patriae  commodum, 
Ex  Gymnalio  Paulino  emilli ; 
Apud  Eboracenfes, 
Hujus  res  Ecclefiae 
Heu!   vix  quinquennio. 
At  dum  per  mortem  licuit, 
Sedulo  et  fideliter  adminiftrata; 
Et  ubicunque  agebat  donata  luce 
Veneranda  linguse  Graced 
Et  Hiftoriae  Anglican<£ 
Monumenta,  Marmore  loquaciora, 
Perenniora, 
Teflantur. 
Obiit  Ap.  viii.  A.  S.  H.  MDCcir.  ^tat.  fuse  Lxviii." 
*'  The  lofs  of  this  great  man,  fays  Mr.  Drake*,    would  have 
f^en  irreparable,  did  not  the  father's  genius  Hill  fubfift  in  the  fon." 

From 


PREFACE.  V 

From  the   lift  of  his  publications*,    it  is  evident  that    Dean 

Gale 

*  I.  Opufcula  Mythologica  Ethica  et  Phyfica,  Gr.  S:  Lat.  Cantab.  1671.  8vo. 
Printed  at  Amflerdam  1688.  8vo.  with  great  improvements.  Tliis  colleftion  con- 
Ms  of  Palcephatus,  Heraclitus,  &  Anonymusde  incrcdibilibus  ;  Phiirniuus  de  natura 
deoriim  ;  Salluitius  de  diis;  Ocellus  Liicanus ;  TiaiKus  Locros  de  anima  mundi  ; 
Uemophili,  Democratis,  &  Secundi  philofophorum  fententice  ;  Joannis  Pediafimi 
defiderium  de  mnlicre  bona  et  mala;  Sexti  Pythagorei  fontentia; ;  Theophrafti  cha- 
raifleres;   Pythagoreorum  fragmenta;   &  Pleliodori  Larifllei  capita  opticorum. 

2.  Hiilorire  Poetics  Scriptores  antiqui,  Grjecc  &  Latine.  Acceffere  breves  not:e, 
&  indices  neceffarii.  Paris.  1675.  ^^'°'  Thefe  are,  ApoUodorus  Achenienfis,  Conoii 
Grammaticus,  Ptolomxus  Hephsflion,  Parthenius  Nicuenfis,  &  Antonius  Liberalis. 

3.  Rhctores  Selefti,  Gr.  &  Lar.  viz.  Demetrius  Phalereus  de  Elocutionc;  Tiberius. 
Rhetor  de  fchematibus  Demofthenis;  Anonymus  Sophifta  de  Rhetorica  ;  Severi 
Alexandrini  Ethopoeice.  Demctrium  emendavit,  reliquos  e  MSS.  edidit  &  Latine 
vertit;  omnes  notis  illuilravit  Tho.  Gale,  Sc.  Co.  M.Oxon.  1676.  8vo. 

4.  Jamblichus  Chalcidenfisde  Myfterii?.  Epiflola  Porphyrii  de  eodem  argumento, 
Gr.  &  Lat.  ex  verfione  T.  G.  Oxon.   1678.  Svo. 

5.  Pfalterium  juxta  exemplar  Alexandrinum.  Oxon.   1678.   Svo. 

6.  Herodoti  Halicarnaflenfis  Hiftoriarum  libri  X.  cjufdem  narratio  de  vita  Hometl ; 
cxcerpta  e  Ctefia,  &  H.  Stephani  Apologia  pro  Herodoto:  accedunt  chronologia, 
tabula  geographica,  variantes  leftiones,  &c.  Lond.  1679.  fol. 

7.  An  edition  of  Cicero's  Works  was  reviled  by  him.  Lond.  1681.  16S4.  2  vol. 
fol. 

8.  HiftoriiE  Anglicana:  Scriptores  quinque,  8cc.  Oxon.  1687.  fol.  This  volume 
contains  Annales  de  Margan,  from  1066  to  1232.  Chronicon  Thomas  Wikes  from 
1066  to  1334.  Annales  Waverleienfes  from  1066  to  1291.  G.  Vinifauf  liine- 
rarium  regis  Ricardi  in  terram  Hierolblymitanam.  Chronica  Walteri  Cc  Hcmingford, 
from  1066  to  1273.  He  referred  the  remainder  of  this  lafl  Chronicle  for  another 
volume,  which  he  intended  to  publifli,  but  did  not  live  to  execute.  Concerning  this, 
fee  Hearne's  Preface  to  his  edition  of  Hemingford,  p.  xxiii. 

9.  A  Difcourfe  concerning  the  Original  of  Human  Literature  with  Philology  and 
Philofophy.  Phil.  Tranf.  vol  VL  p.  2231. 

10.  HiftoriteBritannicceSaxonica"  Anglo-DaniciE  Scriptores  quindecim,  &c.  Oxon. 
1691,  fol.  This  voluine  contains  Gildas  de  excidio  Britannia,  Eddii  vita  Wilfridi, 
Nennii  hiftoria,  Afferii  annales,  Higdeni  Polychronicon,  G.  Malmesburienfis  de 
antiquitate  Glaftonienlis  ecclefis  Sc  libri  5  de  pontificibus  Anglic,  Hiftoria  Ramefi- 
enfis,  Hiftoria  Elienfis,  Chronica  Joh.  Wallingford,  Hiftoria  Rad.  Diceto,  Forduni 
Scotichroiiicon,  Alcuinus  de  pontificibus  Eboracenfibus.  This  work  confifts  of  three 
volumes,  though  Dr.  Gale  publilhed  but  two.  The  firil  (containing  Ingulphus, 
Petrus  Blefenfis,  and  three  other  writers)  was  compiled  by  Mr.  William  Fulman, 
under  the  patronage  of  Bifhop  Fell,  1684;  the .fecond  by  Dean  Gale,  1687J  the 
third  by  the  fame  learned  editor,  1 65 1 . 

7  He 


Ti  PREFACE. 

Gale  was  a  learned  divine,  and  well  verfed  in  hifiorical  know- 
ledge. This  gained  him  the  efteem  of  mod  of  the  learn- 
ed men  his  contemporaries,  both  at  home  and  abroad.  With 
iome  of  them  he  held  a  particular  correfpondence,  as  Fa- 
ther Mabillon  •'•■",  Monfiem-  Baluze,  Peter  Aliix,  James  Cappel, 
Sebartian  Fefchi,  John  Rudolf,  Wetltein  of  Balil,  Henry 
Wetllein  of  Amfterdam,  J.  G.  Grasvius,  Louis  Picques,  and 
the  celebrated  Peter  Huet,  who  had  a  fingular  refpecSl  for 
him,  and  declares  it  to  be  his  opinion,  that  our  author  exceeded  all 
meii  he  ever  knew  both  for  modefty  and  learning  t. 

In  Phil.  Tranf.  No.  231,  is  a  letter  from  Thorefby  to  Liiler, 
1697,  concerning  two  Roman  altars  found  at  Collerton  and  Blen- 
kinlbp  caflle  in  the  county  of  Northumberland,  with  notes  by  Dr. 
T.  Gale.  This  was  the  Greek  infcription  to  Hercules.  See 
Horfley,  p.  245. 

Dr.  Gale  married  Barbara  daughter  of  Thomas  Pepys,  Efq;  of 
Impington,  in  the  county  of  Cambridge,  who  died  1689,  and  by 
whom  he  had  three  fons  and  a  daughter,  of  whom  in  their  order. 
To  his  eldeil  fon  he  left  his  noble  library  of  choice  and   valuable 

He  left  in  MS.  Origenis  Philocalia,  variis  manufcriptis  coUaca,  enieiulata,  &  nova 
vevfione  donata  ;  lamblicliu?  de  vita  Pythagoras ;  and  Antonini  Itincrariuni  Britan- 
rice;  the  latter  publlflied  afterwards  by  his  fon,  as  were  his  Sermons  preached 
on  public  occafions  in  1704. 

Fabricius  in  his  "  Bibliothecn  Grsca"  XIII.  640.  has  very  properly  diflinguidied 
onr  author  from  a  very  eminent  DilTenting  Divine,  Theopkiliis  Gak\  but  with  this 
inaccuracy,  that  Theophilus  is  made  to  be  the  father  of  Thomas,  whereas  Theo- 
philus  was  fon  of  Theophilus  prebendary  of  Exeter,  and  of  a  good  family  in  the 
Wefl:  of  England.  This  and  Iome  following  pages  in  Fabricius  fliould  be  carefully 
perufed.  Mr.  Drake  quoting  a  letter  from  him  to  Mr.  Morris,  reclor  of  Aldbo- 
rough,  on  a  Roman  road  in  Yorkfliire,  calls  him  "  that  great  antiquary  Dean  Gale." 
Ebor.  p.  25.  in  the  next  page  "  that  profound  antiquary,"  and  in  p.  371,  "  that 
"  mofl  induflrious  antiquary;"  and  p.  37,  he  quotes  fome  MS.  papers  of  his. 

*  From  him  he  received  the  MS.  of  Alcuin  de  pontificibus  Eboracenfibus,  pub- 
lifl^ed  in  his  Hill:.  Brit.  Scriptorcs,  1691. 

-j-  This  Eulogium  is  in  the  Comment,  de  rebus  ad  eum  pertinent.  1.  v.  p.  .315. 
A  great  number  of  Huci's  letters  to  Dr.  Gale  were  in  the  poffeflion  of  his  eldelt 
fon  Roger. 

books, 


R      E       F       A       C      E. 


vu 


books,  befides  a  curious  coUedlion  of  many  efteemed  manufcripts, 
a  catalogue  of  which  is  printed  in  the  Catalogus  MSStoruni  An- 
gUae  8c  Hibernioe  III.  p.  185. 

Roger  Gale,  Efq;    F.  R.  and  A.  SS.  eldcil  fon  of  the  Dean, 
was    educated    under  his    father   at   St.   Paul's    fchool;     admit- 
ted at  Trinity  College,   Cambridge,  1691,    made  fcholar  of  that 
houfe  1693,  and  afterwards  Fellow  (beingthen  B.  A.)  in  1697.  He 
was  poiTeffed  of  a  conllderable  eflate  at  Scruton,  Yorkfliire,  now  in 
the  pofieiTion  of  his  grandfon  Roger  Gale,  Elq;  and  reprefented 
North  Allerton,  in  that  county,  in  the  firit,  fecond,  and  third  Par- 
liaments of  Great  Britain,  at  the  end  of  which  latt  he  was  ap- 
pointed   a    Commiflioner  of  Excife-'-.      He    was   the  firll  Vice- 
Prefident  of  the  Society  of   Antiquaries,    and  Treafurer  to    the 
Royal  Society.      Though  he  was  confidered  as  one  of  the  moit 
learned  men  of  his  age,  he  only  publiflied  the  following  books; 

I.  "  Antonini  Iter  Britanniarum  Commentariis  illuftratum  Tho- 
"   mx  Gale,  S.  T.  P.  nuper  Decani  Ebor.  Opus  poilhumum  revifit, 
"  auxit,  edidit  R.    G.    Acceffit  Anonymi  Ravennatis   Britanni^a 
"  Chorographia,  cum  autographo   Regis  Gallias  Mf°,    &  codice 
"   Vaticano  collata  :   adjiciuntur  conje6turas  plurimas,  cum  nonii- 
"   nibus    locorum    Anglicis,     quotquot    iis    aflignari    potuerint. 
"   Lond.    1709,"    4to.      In  the    preface   to  this  book,  Mr.  Gale 
very   properly   points    out    what    parts   of  it  were  his  father's, 
and  what  his  own.      Mr.  Gough  has  three  copies  of  this  edition 
enriched  with  many  valuable  MS.  notes  by  Mr.  Roger  Gale,  Ni- 
cholas Man,  Efq;  and   Dr.   Abra'nam  Francke,  Fellow  of  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  and  redtor  of  Weft  Dene  in  Wiltiliire,  1 7  2  S, 
and  a  fourth  with  MS.  various  readings  from  the  two  MSS.  whence 
H.  Stephens  firft  printed  this  Itinerary  t. 

*  We  are  well  informed  rhat  though  he  was  the  oleicft  commifiiDner,  he  was  wan- 
tonly Uilpldced,  withcmc  any  other  reafun  given  by  the  then  premier  (Sir  11.  W.) 
.than  that  he  wanted  to  provide  for  one  ot  his  Ovvn  friends — a  mode  of  min'lljrial 
politics  we  have  feen  adopted  in  later  times. 

■f  Dr.  Scukeley,  his  brother-in-law,  infcribed  to  him  the  fevcnth  Iter  of  his  o'.vn 
Itiutrariuiu  Curiofum,  which  he  entitles  Iter  Septimum  Aatonini  A-ug. 

2.  "  The 


viii  PRE      F       A      C      E. 

2.  *'  The  Knowledge  of  Medals,  or  Inftruftions  for  thofe  who 
"  apply  themfelves  to  the  ftudy  of  Medals  both  ancient  and  mo- 
<'  dern,  by  F.  Jobert,"  tranflated  from  the  French,  of  which  two 

■  editions  were  publifl-ied  without   his   name  ;    one   of  them    in 
1697,  the  other  in  17 15,  8vo*. 

3.  "  Regillrum  Honoris  de  Richmond t,  Lond.  1722.'"  fol. 
His  difcourfe  on  the  four  Roman  Ways  in  Britain  is  printed  in 

the  fixth  volume  of  Leland's  Itinerary  J. 

His 

"  Tlie  reafoni  I  have  to  nddrefs  the  following  journey  to  you  are  both  general 
and  particular.     Of  the  firft  fort,  the  title  affixed  to  it  could  not  but  put  me  in  mind 
of  the  claim  to  thcfe  kind  of  difquifitions  from  any  hand,  whofe  excellent  commen- 
tary on  Antoninui'  Itinerary  has  defervcdly  given  you  the  palm  of  ancient  learning, 
and  rendered  your  character  claiTic  among  the  chief  reftorers  of  the  Roman  Brittaju 
But  I  am  apprehenfive  it  will  be  eafier  to  make  thefe  papers  of  mine  acceptable  to 
the  world  than  to  yourfelf,  both  as  the  moil  valuable  part  of  them  is  your  own,  and 
as  I  purpofe  by  it  to  remind  you  of  favouring  the  world  with  a  new  edition  of -your 
v>'ork,  to  which  I  know  you  have  made  great  additions ;  and  in  this  I  am  fure  they 
will  join  with  me.     The  honour  you  have  indulged   me  of  a  long  friendfliip,    and 
the  pleafure  and  advantage  I  have  reaped  in  travelling  with  you,  and  efpecially  a 
part  of  this  journey,  are   particular  reafons,  or  rather  a  debt  from  myfelf  and  the 
World;   if  any  thing  of  antique  enquiries  1  can  produce  that   are   not  illaudable:  if 
what  time  1  fpend  in  travelling  may  not  be  wholly  a  hunting  after  frefh  air  with  the 
vulgar  citizens,  but  an  examination  into  the  works  of  nature  and  of  pafl   ages.     I 
have  no  fears  that  aught  here  will  be  lefs  acceptable  to  you,  becaufe  perhaps  in  fome 
things  I  may  differ  from  your  fentiments.     The  fweetnefs  of  your  difpoQtion  and 
your  great  judgment,  I  know,   will  difcern  and  applaud  what  is  really  juft,  and  ex- 
cufe  the  errors.     Difference  of  opinions,  tho'falle,  is  otten  of  great  fervice  in  fur- 
thering a  dlfcovery  of  the  truth.     To  think  fcr  one's  felf  is  the  prerogative  of  learn- 
ing, and  no  one  but  a  tyrant  in  books  will  perfecute  another  for  it.     'Tis  certain 
Antoninus' s  Itinerary  is   an  endlefs  fund  of   enquiry.     I  doubt  not  but  in  future,re- 
fearches  I  fhall  be  induced  as  much  to  vary  from  myfelf  as  now  from  others,   and 
ufter  our  bed  endeavours  fucceeding  writers  will  corrcd  us  all."     Itin.  Cur.  I.  168. 

*  The  original  work  was  reprinted  after  the  author's  death,  with  large  additions 
and  improvements,  in  two  volumes,  i2mo.  Far.  1739. 

-j-  This  curious  muniment  was  publiflied  by  fubfcription  under  the  aufpices  of 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  who  direfled  Mr.  Gale  to  get  it  tranfcribed  from  the 
original  in  the  Cotton  library.     See  Britifli  Topography,  vol.  II.  p.  ^44. 

j  "  The  author  is  a  gentleman  of  excellent  learning  and  great  judgment  in  thefe 
•'  affiirs.  He  iiath  fludied  the  ftibjeft  with  all  poffible  care  and  diligence,  and  as 
"  this  Effay  is  written  with  abundance  of  modefty  and  without  any  alienation,  fo  I 

"  do 


REPACK. 


JK 


His  Remarks  on  a  Roman  Infcription  'found  at  Lanchcficr,  '}ii 
the  Philofophical  Tranlaitions,  vol.  XXX.  p.  823;  and  in  vol. 
XLIII.  p.  265.  extraifls  of  two  of  his  letters  to  Mr.  Peter  Collin- 
fon,  F.  R.  S.  concerning  the  vegetation  of  melon  feeds  33  years 
old,  and  of  a  folfil  Ikeleton  of  a  man,  found  at  Lathkill-dale  near 
Bakewell,  in  the  county  of  Derby,  dated  in  1 743  and  1 744'-'''. 

Explanation  of  a  Roman  altar  found  at  Callle  Steeds  in  Cumber- 
land,in  Gent.  Mag.  vol,  XII.  p.  135. 

In   Horiley's    "  Britannia  Romana,"  p.  332,  &:c.  is  publiflied, 
."  An  account  of  a  Roman   Infcription  found  at  Chichell:er.     By 
"  Roger  Gale,  Efq." 

"  Obfervationson  an  infcription  at  Spello,  by  Fred.  Paffarini  atid 
"  Roger  Gale,  Efq;"  are  printed  in  Archaeologia,  vol.  II.  pj.  25. 

He  prefented  to  Mr.  Drake's  Hiftory  of  York  a  plate  of  a  beau- 
tiful little  bronze  female  buft,  which  he  fuppofed'  Lucretia,  found 
at  York,  and  in  his  polTeffion,  engraved  by  Vertue.  To  him  alfo 
Mr.  Drake  acknowledges  himfelf  obliged  for  a  dilcovery  that  fixes 
the  building  of  the  Chapter-houfe  at  York  to  Archbilhop  Grey  t. 

He  died  at  Scruton,  June  25,  1744,  in  his  72d  year|,  mii- 
verfally  efteemed,  and  much   lamented  by  all  his  acquaintance; 

and 

**  do  not  qucftion  but  it  will  be  a  {landing  monument  of  the  author's  fame,  and  wiil" 
"  meet  with  a  favourable  reception  from  all  fuch  as  have  a  jufl:  value  for  learning 
"  and  antiquities."  Hearne's  Preface  to  Vol.  VI.  In  the  Preface  to  Vol.  VII.  he 
fays,  the  author  "  left  no  means  unattempted  to  trace  the  courfe  of  the  four  great 
"  military  ways  thro' this  ifle,  and  to  that  end  made  all  the  enquiries  he  could  after 
"  them,  which  he  reduced  into  this  difcourfe,  which  hath  met  with  due  approbation 
"  from  the  beft  antiquaries." 

*  At  a  meeting  of  the  Royal  Societv,  March  4,  1731,  Mr.  R.  Gale  read  a  learned 
difcourfe  concerning  the  Papyrus  and  Stylus  of  the  Ancients,  extrafted  in  Englifli  Irora 
a  larger  Difcourfe  in  Latin,  compofed  by  Sir  John  Clerk,  Baron  of  the  Exchequer 
in  Scotland;  and  at  the  fame  time  he  prefented  them  with  the  original. 

■f-  P.  407. 

X  On  the  Ichnographlcal  Plate  of  York  Cathedral,  under  Mr.  Gale's  arms  .Mr. 
Willis  had  written  in  his  copy  : 

*'  Ob.  Jun.  25,  1744,  npud  Scruton,  Ixog.  Gale  arm,  anno  statis  71." 

b  Though 


X  PREFACE. 

aad  left  all  his  MSS.*  by  will  toTrinity  College,  Cambridge,  of  which 
he  was  once  Fellow,  and  his  cabinet  of  Roman  coins  to  the  pub- 
lic library  there  t,  with  a  compleat  catalogue  of  them  drawn  up  by 
himfelf  ]:.  His  correlpondence  included  all  the  eminent  Antiqua- 
ries of  his  time;  and  Mr.  George  Allan  of  Darlington  is  polTelTed, 
by  gift  of  his  grandfon,  of  a  large  colledion  of  letters  to  and  from 
him,  the  principal  of  which  are  here  printed,  as  a  valuable  ad- 
dition to  antiquarian  literature. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Cole  of  Milton  has  feveral  of  his  letters 
to  Mr.  Browne  Willis,  concerning  various  matters  of  Anti- 
quity :  with  a  MS.  Hiftory  of  the  Town  of  North-AUerton 
in  Yorkfhire.  It  is  of  a  good  length,  being  written  on  two 
or  three  fheets  of  paper,  and  was  probably  drawn  up  by 
Mr.  Gale  for  Mr.  Willis,  to  have  been  inferted  in  his  No- 
titia  Parliamentaria,  according  to  the  plan  of  the  two  firli  volumes 
of  that  work;  but  the  defign  being  altered  in  his  next  volume 
in  1750,  it  was  omitted.  However,  Mr.  Gale  has  given  the  princi- 
pal occurrences  relating  to  that  borough  in  his  "  Obfervationes  in 
"  AppendicemRegiftri  Honoris de Richmond, "pp.  173,  174?  175, 
176.  and  in  "  Obfervationes  in  Regiftrum"  at  the  end,  p.  137. 
238.  The  curious  will  not  be  difpleafed  to  find  it  printed  at  large 
in  the  prefent  colle6lion ;  in  which  will  be  aMb  included  Mr. 
Gale's  hiftory  of  his  own  parifli  of  Scruton. 

Dr.  Knight,  who  had  been  with  Mr.  Gale  at  Scruton  not  long  be- 
fore his  death,  told  Mr.  Cole  that  he  ordered  himfelf  to  be  buried 
in  the  church-yard  there,  in  a  vault  by  himfelf  about  8  or  10  feet 

Though  in  another  MS.  note  by  Mr.  Willis,  in  his  copy  of  Antoninus,  he  has  en- 
tered it  thus : 

"  Piog.  Gale,  Efq;  ob.  at  Scruton,  June  26,  1744,  aged  about  72,  and  burled  ia 
the  churchyard  obfcurely,  by  his  own  defire." 

*  Stukeley's  Caraufius,  I.  p.  153. 

'Y  Mr.  Cole  copied  many  years  ago  from  thence  a  folio  of  his  gift,  containing  the 
cfc'^eats  of  the  counties  of  Cambridge  and  Huntingdon. 

X  Of  this  catalogue  twenty  copies  only  were  printed,  in  4to.  1780,  for  private  ufe. 

under- 


P    R    E    F     A    C    E. 


XI 


under-ground,  and  that  a  plank  of  marble  fliould  be  laid  over  the 
vault  under-ground,  with  an  infcription  deeply  cut,  with  his  name, 
ftation,  and  time  of  deceafe. 

He  married  Henrietta  daughter  of  Henry  Raper,  of  Ealing,  Efq; 
who  died  1720,  by  whom  he  had  Roger-Henry,  born  1740, 
admitted  Fellow-Commonerof  Sydney  College,  who  by  Catharine, 
daughter  of  Chriftopher  Crow,  of  Kipling,  Efq;  left  iffue  Catha- 
rine, born  1741  ;  Roger,  born  1743;  and  Samuel,  born  175  i. 
who  was  admitted  about  the  year  1769  Fellow-Commoner  of 
Trinity  College,  but  in  1770  removed  to  Ben'et. 

He  had  a  manor  in  Cotenham  near  Cambridge,  left  to  him  bv 
Mrs.  Alice  Rogers,  for  whom  he  eredted  an  elegant  monument  in 
that  church  ;  but  this  lying  at  a  great  diftance  from  his  other 
pofTeffions,  he  fold  it  many  years  before  his  death. 

Charles  Gale,  the  Dean's  fecond  fon,  was  admitted  penfioner 
of  Trinity  College,  1695,  and  fcholar  of  the  Houfe  April  23, 
1697.  He  was  afterwards  reitor  of  Scruton,  and  died  in  1738, 
having  married  Cordelia,  daughter  of  Mr.  Thomas  Thwaits  of 
Barrel,  who  died  1721,  leaving  four  fons,  of  whom  the  eldeft, 
Thomas  Gale,  M.  A.  fucceeded  to  his  father's  recftory  in  1738,  and 
to  that  of  Well  Rumton  in  the  fame  county  in  April  1742,  and 
died  July  7,  1746. 

Samuel,  the  youngefl:  of  the  Dean's  fons,  was  born  in  the  parilh 
of  St.  Faith,  near  St.  Paul's,  London,  Dec.  17, and  baptized  Dec.  20, 
1682;  Samuel  Pepys*,  Efq;  being  one  of  his  godfathers.  He 
was  educated  at  St.  Paul's  fchool,  when  his  father  was  mafter  there, 
and  intended  for  the  Univerfity ;  but  his  elder  brother  Roger  being 
fent  to  Cambridge,  and  his  father  dying  1702,  he  was  provided  for 
in  the  Cuftom-houfe,  London,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  one 

*  This  gentleman  gave  his  library,  containing  a  number  of  ancient  and  modern 
political  tradts,  particularly  thole  relating  tothe  Admiralty,  of  which  he  was  Secreta- 
ry, to  Msgdalen  College,  Cambridge.  He  was  probably  Mr.  Gale's  maternal  uncle. 

b  2  of 


xu 


R       E       F       A       C       E. 


of  the  Land  Surveyors  there*.  He  was  one  of  the  revivers  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  in  1717,  and  their  firft  Treaiurer.  On 
refigning  that  office,  1739-40,  he  was  prefented  by  them  with  a 
iilver  cup,  vakie  ten  guineas,  made  by  Mr.  Dingley,  and  infcribed 

SAMUELI    GALE,    ARM. 

OB    QUAESTURAM 

AMPLIUS     XXI    ANNOS 

BENE    ET    FIDELITER    GESTAM 

SOCIETAS     ANTIQUARIORUM 

LONDINENSIS,    L.D.Dt. 

He  was  a  man  of  great  learning  and  uncommon  abihties,  and 
well  verfed  in  the  Antiquities  of  England,  for  which  he  left 
many  valuable  colledions  behind  him  |;   but  printed  nothing  ia 

*  Mr.  Drake  in  his  Eboracum,  Pref.  p.  9,  thus  fpeaks  of  hinii  as  being  in 
fome  public  employ : 

"  What  has  ferved  greatly  to  enrich  the  ecclefiaftical  part  of  this  work,  are  the 
Colleftions  of  Mr.  Samuel  Gale.  That  gentleman  had  a  defign  of  once  publiQiing 
foraeching  on  this  fubje^t  himfelf ;  and,  from  his  father's  papers  and  his  own  induflry,. 
he  had  made  a  confiderable  progrefs  in  it.  Being  called  from  an  attention  on  thefe 
matters  to  a  publick  employ,  his  defign,  of  courfe,  dropped  with  it.  By  which  means 
the  world  is  fruftrated  frotn  feeing  a  more  noble  performance  than  I  am  able  to  give. 
Upon  my  application  to  this  gentleman  for  fome  intelligence,  he  very  readily  put  all 
his  papers  into  my  hands ;  told  me  he  could  not  now  think  of  publifhing  them  him- 
felf; and  wifhed  they  might  be  of  any  ufe  or  fervice  to  my  intended  performance.. 
What  ufe  they  have  been  to  me  the  reader  may  find  in  the  courfe  of  the  Church 
account;  where,  efpecially  in  the  Appendix,  are  many  things  printed  from  thefe 
papers,  and  fome  I  think  of  great  value."  See  Appendix,  p.  Ixxiv.  In  p.  xci.  Mr. 
Drake  has  pubhlhed  part  of  Sir  Thomas  Herbert's  Hiftory  of  Rippon  church,. from  a 
MS.  belonging  to  Roger  Gale. 

-f-  A  drawing  of  it  was  made  for  the  Society,  and  Mr.  Vice-Prefident  Alexander 
prefented  it  to  Mr.  Gale. 

I  One  of  the  Gales,  probably  Samuel,  furniflied  Hearne  with  various  readings 
of  Leland's  Itinerary.  See  defcription  of  an  original  portrait  on  wood  of  fair  Rofa- 
raond,  in  Mr.  S.  Gale's  poffeflion,  who  referred  it  to  the  time  of  Henry  VII.  by 
Hearne  inGlolTary  to  Peter  Lungtoft,  p.  561. 

Venue's  prints  of  the  old  chapel  under  London  Bridge  were  defigned  under  his 
patronage,  and  with  his  perfonal  affiftance  and  that  of  Dr.  Ducarel. 

his 


PREFACE.  xiii 

his-life  time,  e^icept  "  A  Hilliory  of  Winchcfler  Cathedral*.  Lon- 
"  don,  17 1 5,"  began  by  Henry  Earl  of  Clarendon,  and  conti- 
nued to  that  year,  with  cuts.  His  Ellay  on  Ulphus's  Horn  at 
York  is  in  the  Archoeologia,  vol.  I.  p.  i68-f-.  Another  on  Cue- 
far's  PalTage  over  the  Thames,  lb.  p.  183.  which  is  criticized  in 
vol.  II.  p.  145. 

He  died  of  a  fever,  Jan.  10,  1754,  ^^  ^^^^  ^S^  o^  7^>  "'^^" 
verfally  efteemed,  at  his  lodgings  the  Chicken-Houfe  at  Hamp- 
ftead,  and  was  buried  Jan.  14,  by  Dr.  Stukeley,  in  the  new 
burying-ground  near  the  Foundling  Hofpital  belonging  to  St. 
George's  parifli,  Queen  Square,  of  which  Dr.  Stukeley  was  recStor. 
His  very  valuable  library,  and  fine  collection  of  prints  by 
Hollar,  Callot,  8ic.  were  fold  by  audtion  in  1754  ^V  Mr. 
Langford. 

*  The  plateof  the  monnment  of  Weflron  earl  of  Portland,  in  this  Tliftory,  is  ia- 
fcrihed  by  him  to  his  brother  Roger. 

I  fuppofe  this  was  publiflied  by  the  late  Dr.  Pvichard  Rawlinfon  ;  for  Mr.  Gale's 
Preface  is  dated  London,  Sept.  8,  17  15;  the  Dedication  to  Sir  J  jnathan  Trelawney, 
bifhop  of  Winchefler,  from  whom  he  acknowleges  favours,  having  no  date.  Proba- 
bly he  gave  it  to  Dr.  Rawlinfon,  as  he  did  his  Colleftions  relating  to  Yorlc  to  IVIr. 
Drake,  to  do  what  he  would  with  it;  for  he  was  living  at  the  publication  in  17  15, 
and  long  after. 

That  it  was  not  a  pofthumous  performance,  is  evident  from  Vander  Gucht  the  en- 
graver's infcription  on  his  5  plates  of  the  curious  old  font  in  this  Cathedral  to  himj 
where  he  calls  him,  in  I7?3,  Sa?miel  Gale  of  London,  Gent. 

•f  This  effay  was  read  before  the  Society  and  ordered  to  be  printed,  but  Mr.  Gale 
for  3.  particular  reafon  declined  it.  After  his  death  Dr.  Stukeley,  being  his  executor, 
found  it  among  his  papers,  and  gave  it  to  Dr.  Ward  for  the  ufc  of  the  Society.  The 
Horn  had  before  been  engraved  by  the  Society  from  a  drawing  in  Mr.  Gale's  pof- 
fefTion  by  B.  M.  and  is  drawn  in  Drake's  Eboracum,  in  the  Appendix  to  which  Mr. 
Drake  was  in  hopes  of  inferting  it.  See  p.  481.  A  Latin  Differtation  on  this 
horn  by  Mr.  Gale  is  in  MS.  in  the  hands  of  Dr.  Ducarel  and  Mr.  Gough  with  this- 
title  :  "  De  Cornu  antiquo  Anglo  Danico  in  Bafilica  Dlvi  Petri  Eboraci  adfcrvato; 
"  five  de  inveftitura  eidem  ecclefire  ab  Ulpho  principe  conceffa,  Differtatio  lliftorica. 
"  auftore  Sam.  Gale  arm."  The  fame  Society  engraved  the  font  in  St.  James's 
church  from  another  drawing  in  the  fame  collection,  by  C.  VVoodfield,  exhibited  to 
them  by  Mr.  Gale  while  treafurer.  Woodfield  made  the  drawings  for  the  Hiftory 
of  Wincheller  Cathedral,  and  the  Society  are  poffeffed  of  his  originals  of  two  of  them^ 
probably  by  the  gift  of  Mr.  Gale. 

c  Mr.. 


XlV 


R      E      F      A       C      E. 


Mr.  Gale  dying  a  batchelor  and  inteftate,  adminiflration  of 
his  effeds  was  granted  to  his  only  filler  Elizabeth,  who 
in  1739  became  the  lecond  wife  of  Dr.  Stukeley,  and  died 
before  her  hufband,  leaving  no  children.  By  that  means  all 
her  brother's MSS.  papers,  Sec.  fell  into  Dr.  Stukeley's  hands.  The 
Dr.  had  a  defign,  1760,  to  draw  up  an  eulogium  on  him  and  his 
brother  Roger,  and  to  fpeak  it  before  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
to  whofe  revival  thefe  three  Antiquaries  had  jointly  contributed 
hi  1 7 1 7  "•■■,  but  I  believe  it  was  not  executed.  Since  Dr.  Stuke- 
ley's 

**  See  Introduflion  to  Archceologia  I.  xxviii. 

When  Peter  Le  Neve,  Efq.  was  Prelident,  1721,  it  was  propofed  to  colle£l  ac- 
counts of  all  the  antient  coins  relative  to  Great  Britain  and  its  dominions.  Dr. 
Stukeley  undertook  the  Britilli ;  Mr.  George  Holmes  the  Saxon  in  the  poffeflion  of 
Counfellor  Hill;  Mr.  James  Hill  thofe  in  Lord  Oxford's  poffeffion ;  Mr.RogerGale  the 
Koman;  his  brother  Samuel  the  Danilh.  This  defign  was  refumed  1724,  when  the 
Karl  of  Hertford  was  Prefident;  when  Lord  Winchelfea  was  aflociated  with  Dr. 
Stukeley,  Mr.  Ainfworth  with  Mr.  R,Gale  ;  Mr.  Wanley  undertook  the  Saxon  ;  the 
Prefident,  Mr.  Le  Neve,  Mr.  William  Nicholas,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Creyke,  the 
Englilh. 

The  following  extract  of  a  letter  from  Mr.  Roger  Gale  to  Sir  John  Clerk  at  Edin- 
burgh, dated  April  26,  1726,  will  exhibit  a  view  of  this  learned  body  in  its  early 
ftate: 

"  As  for  the  Antiquarian  Society,  I  cannot  but  look  upon  it  in  its  infancy 

and  fcarcely  formed  into  fuch  a  body  as  it  fhould  be,  tho'  of  five  or  fix  years  Hand- 
ing. It  was  firft  begun  by  a  few  gentlemen,  well-wi(hcrs  to  Antiquities,  that  ufed  to 
raeet  once  a  week  and  drink  a  pint  of  wine  at  a  tavern  for  converfation,  from  which 
we  have  not  yet  been  able  to  refcue  ourfelves,  thro'  difficulties  we  have  always  had 
to  encounter  in  providing  ourfelves  with  a  private  room  to  hold  our  alTemblies  in, 
tho'  long  endeavouring  it,  and  now  in  hopes  of  obtaining  commodious  chambers  in 
Gray's  Inn  for  that  purpofe".  I  think  it  will  be  of  more  advantage  to  us  than  is  in 
general  view,  for  by  this  means  we  (hall  not  only  be  honoured  with  the  acceffion  of 
fome  perfons  of  the  firft  quality,  who  object  with  a  great  deal  of  rcafon  to  our  prcfenc 
place  of  meeting,  but  I  am  fure  it  will  cut  off  a  great  many  ufelefs  members,  that 
give  us  their  company  more  for  the  convenience  of  fpending  two  or  three  hours  over 
a  glafs  of  wine,  than  for  any  love  or  value  they  have  for  the  ftudy  of  antiquities. 
Our  number  is  too  large  being  limited  to  no  fewer  than  100,  and  I  believe  there  are 
90  nftually  entered  as  members  into  our  books,  tho'  we  have  had  two  or  three  re- 
views and  cxpurgacioni.     We  have  Ibine  few  rules  as  to  admiilions  and  other  regu- 

*  Chambers  wuie  procured  m  Gray's  Inn  the  O£lober  following,  but  too  little  and  ineonvcnient. 

lations 


II       E       F       A       C       E. 


XV 


ley's  deceafe  Dr.  Diicarel  hath  (by  the  generofity  of  Mrs.  Fleming, 
Dr.  Stukeley's  daughter  by  his  firil:  wife)  been  favoured  with  fe^ 
veral  of  Mr.  Samuel  Gale's  MSS.  which  are  now,  1781,  in  his 
poflefiioa;   among  thefe  are,  Mr.  Gale's  Hiliory*of  York  Cathc- 

lations.     Every  body  propofed  to  be  a  member  is  to  be  nominated  one  Wednefday 
night  and  a  charafler  given  of  him  by  his  propofer,  that  the  Society  may  have  time  to 
enquire  into  it  before  they  ballot  for  his  admiffion  the  Wednefday  night  next  follow- 
ing:  but  I  do  not  recoiled  that  any  one  propofed  was  ever  rejefted.     As  foon  as  any 
new  member  is  eledled,  the  propofer  pays  down  his  admiffion  fee,  which  is  los.  6d.  to 
be  applied  to  the  expences  of  the  Society.     No  election  or  new  regulation  can  be 
made  except  9  members  are  prefent.     Befides  the  Half  Guinea  paid  upon  admiflion 
one  Shilling''  is  dcpofited  every  month  by  each  member,  and  this  money  has  been 
hitherto  expended   in  buymg  a   few  books,   but  more  in  drawing  and  engraving, 
whereby  a  great  many  old  feals,  ruins,  and  other  monuments  of  antiquity,  have  been 
preferved  from  oblivion  and  the  danger  of  being  lod  in  a  little  time.     As  for  the  ex- 
pences of  wine,  every  body  pays  for  what  he  call  for.  We  have  a  Treafurer,  to  col- 
left  and  keep  our  money,  and  make  all  payments  as  ordered.     A  Secretary,  thnt 
takes  minutes  of  what  paffes  or  is  read  before  us,  and  enters  all  that  we  judge  proper 
in  a  Regiller-Book.    A  Diredor,  that  overfees  all  the  drawings,  engravings,  &c.  and 
keeps  all  our  copper-plates,  papers  and  prints,  and  manages  the  ballot,  when  requifitc. 
A  Prefident,whopropofes  every  thing  to  be  done  to  the  Society,  who  governs  us,  and 
keeps  us  in  as  good  order  as  he  can.     He  nominates  three  Vice  Prefidcnts  for  the 
5'ear,  that  one  of  them  may  be  always  there  to  fupply  h.s  place.    We  meet  at  fcven, 
and  very  few  flay  after  ten  in  the  evening,  on  Wednefday  nights.    New  officers  are 
chofen  for  the  enfuing  year,  and  our  accounts  examined,  the  ihird  Wednefday  in  Ja- 
nuary.    We  feldom  fail  of  having  fomething  curious  laid  before  us,  or  fome  pieces 
of  learning  read  to  the  company.     Our  difcourfe  is  limited  to  the  topicks  proper  to 
our  conftitution :  all  politics,  news,  and  other  fubjefls  not  relating  to  antiquities  and 
learning  being  excluded,  which  is  abfolutely  necelTary,  as  well  for  anfwering  the  end 
of  our  inftitution,  as  to  obviate  all  difputes  and  quarrels  that  would  arife  in  a  fociety 
of  gentlemen  of  all  profeffions  and  opinions;  but  hitherto  we  have  kept  fo  good  har- 
mony that  iliould  a  ifranger  come  accidentally  among  us,  he  would  not  fufpeft  any 
difference  in  our  fentiments  as  to  public  affairs.     In  matters  of  curiofity  debates  are 
the  life.     In  our  private  affairs  they  cannot  always  be  avoided,  but  never  run  high, 
being  foon  determined  by  the  ballot.     I  had  almofl  forgot  to  tell  you,  that  whenever 
we  publifliany  prints,  &c.  every  member  has  a  dividend  of  them  as  agreed  on;  the 
reft  we  fellas  we  can,  and  the  money  is  paid  to  the  Treafurer  towards  carrying  on 
new  works. 

*  In  this  hjftory  he  had  made  great  progrefs  fo  early  as  17 15.     See  Thoresby, 
p.  497. 

^  Two,  fince  meeting  in  Gray's  Inn. 

dral . 


xvi  PREFACE. 

dral  in  folio,  often  mentioned  by  Mr.  Samuel  Drake,  who  alfo 
cites  a  MS.  given  him  and  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Samuel  Gale  on  the 
city  of  York  * ;  his  Tour  through  many  parts  of  England  in  1 7  o  5  +  ; 
his  account  of  fome  antiquities  at  Glaftonbury,  and  in  the  cathe- 
drals of  Salifbury,  Wells,  and  Winton,  i  7  1 1 ;  of  Sheperton,  Cowey 
Stakes,  8cc.  17481;  Obfervations  upon  Kingfl3ury  in  Middlefex, 
1 7  5  I ;  Account  of  Barden,  Tunbridge  Wells,  &:c.  with  a  lift  of 
the  pictures  at  Penfliurft ;  Account  of  a  journey  into  Hertfordfliire, 
Bucks,  and  Warwick fliire,  with  a  lift  of  the  fine  portraits  and 
pi61:ures  in  Lady  Bowyer's  gallery  at  Warwick  Priory,  in  a  letter 
to  Dr.  Stukeley,  172,0;  alfo  Mr.  Roger  Gale's  Tour  into  Scotland, 
1739;   "^^^  "^  4^°' 

*P.  257. 

'{-  Which  fills  48  pages  of  the  volume  now  before  the  reader. 

'];  In  a  lecier  which  will  be  printed  in  this  volume. 


A  TOUR 

THROUGH 

SEVERAL     PARTS     OF     ENGLAND, 

B    Y 

SAMUEL    GALE,    ESQ.  F.  S.  A.   A.  D.    1705. 

(Revifed  by  the  Author  in   1730.) 
From  the  Original  Manufcript  in  Dr.  Ducarel's  Library,  1780. 


^T^  HAT  glorious  feafon  of  the  year  being  now  advanced, 
-*-  when  Nature  fmiled  in  all  her  verdant  luftre,  and  by  her 
4attra6live  charms  had  depopulated  the  city  ;  nothing  to  me  Teem- 
ed more  defirable  than  the  refrefliing  breezes  of  a  remoter  air. 
An  unexpected  letter,  dated  from  Leicefter,  and  fubfcribed  by 
Viatorio,  inviting  me  to  make  a  tour  with  him  and  two  or  thiee 
more  friends  into  the  Weft  and  South  parts  of  England,  and  that 
I  would  meet  them  at  Oxford  at  the  day  appointed  ;  my  prefence 
there,  was  to  be  the  anfwer.  This  happening  fo  opportunely 
to  my  wiflies,  joined  with  the  pleafure  of  company,  and  feeing 
thofe  parts  I  never  before  travelled  ;  I  had  no  objection  to  make, 
but  ordered  my  equipage  to  be  got  ready. 

On  the  7th  of  June  1705,   about  eight  o'clock  in  the  morn- a. d.  1703. 
ing,  I  fet  out  from  London,  intending  to  be  at  Oxford  that  even- 
ing,  and  pairing  through 

"  —  that  celebrated  place,  ^'^'2"^- 

"  Where  angry  juftice  fliews  her  awful  face — " 

5  I  took 


ft  M  R.     S.     G  A  L  E  '  S    T  O  U  R    T  II  R  O  U  G  H 

I  took  the  great  weftern  road,  and  about  two  miles  from  the 
town,   a  httle  on  the  right-hand  of  the  road,   I  faw  the  vindidive 

*'   Where  little  villains  muft  fubmit  to  Fate, 

'■*  That  great  ones  may  enjoy  the  world  in  ftate." 

Uibjidge.  From   thence,   after   a   little  riding,   I  came  to  Uxbridge,  an 

old  market-town,  famous  for  the  treaty  between  King  Charles  I. 
and  the  parliament,   anno  1 6.44, 

And  now,  leaving  Middlefex,  F entered  Buckinghamfhire,  the 
fouthern  parts  of  which  I  obferved  to  be  very  mountainous,  but 
covered  with  verdant  woods,  yielding  a  moft  charming  profpe6t. 
1  dined  at  the  Crown  at  High  Wickham,  an  inn  of  good  enter- 
tainment. Flere  I  met  with  two  brilk  Oxonians,  with  whom  I 
had  a  great  deal  of  critical  difcourfe  upon  the  poets,  ancient  and. 
modern.  They  were  extremely  civil,  and  by  their  good  hu- 
mour I  gueiTed  at  the  entertainment  I  fliould  receive  at  Oxford'. 
Leaving  our  inn  about  lix,  we  arrived  thereabout  ten;  and, 
after  a  compliment  or  two,  v/e  parted,  they  to  their  college,  and 
I  to  my  inn. 

Oxford.  Next  morning  I  w'ent  in  queft  of  my  future  travellers,   and 

foon  met  with  them,  they  being  arrived  the  day  before.  I. 
found  my  friend  Viatorio,  with  three  other  gentlemen,  the  Mar- 
quis, the  Count,  and  Civiliano,  who  all  received  me  with  much 
refped^,   and  were  very  glad  of  an  addition  to  their  company. 

Our  curiolity  immediately  led  us  to  take  a  view  of  this  city,  fv9 
ancient,  and  for  Teaming  lo  much  celebrated,  being  one  of  the 
nobleft  univerfities  of  Europe.  It  is  pleafantly  fituated  in  a  rifing 
vale,  and  watered  by  the  rivers  Cherwell  and  liis.  It  has  feveral 
beautiful  and  fpacious  ftreets,  yet,  if  abflradled  from  the  uni- 
verfity,  it  makes  but  an  indifferent  figure.  The  pariili  churches 
in  general  are  very  old  and  mean:  the  cathedral  is  little  and  plain;, 
it  has  a  fpire  of  ftone  in  the  middle,  but  wants  much  of  the 
magnificence  that  many  of  our  Gothic  ifrudures  have.     They 

are 


SEVERAL    TARTS    OF    ENGLAND. 

are  indeed  now  building  a  church  a-la-Roinain^  of  neat  archi- 
tecSture,  adorned  within  and  without  with  pilailers  of  the  Corin- 
thian order*,  hi  the  market-place  there  is  a  crofs  of  ftone, 
having  in  the  niches  feveral  ftatues  of  our  kings  painted  and 
gilded.  The  city  gates  are  very  old  and  rude ;  and,  like  other 
inland  towns,  it  has  no  trade,  but  ruLliils  by  the  univerfity,  theuniveifuy. 
grandeur  of  which  will  eafily  atone  for  all  thefe  defeats. 

On  the  8  th  we  faw  the  Theatre,   a  curious  piece  of  architec-Tiicane, 
ture  :   the  figure  of  it  is  oblong,  one  end  terminating  in  a  fcmi- 
drcle.      It  is  built  of  ftone,   and  adorned  with  a  great  variety  of 
regular  windows.     The  front  is  beautified  with  feveral  pediments, 
fupported  by  columns  of  the    Ionic  order,   under  two  of  which 
in    niches    are    placed    the    ftatues   of    King     Charles    the   Se- 
cond   and     Gilbert    Sheldon    archbilhop    of    Canterbury,      the 
founder  of   this    noble  pile   anno  1668.      Upon  the  fummit  of 
the   building  there  runs   a  neat  baluftrade ;    within  are  two  tier 
of  galleries  on  every  fide,   upheld  by    pillars   of  the  Compofite 
order,   of  wood  painted.      The  roof,    which  is  very  fpacious,   has 
no  fupport  of  pillars,   but  is  the  admirable  contrivance   of  the 
great  Dr.  Wallis   (for  a  particular  defcription  of  which,   fee  Plort's 
Natural  Hiftory  of  Oxfordfliire) ;   and  the  plat  fond  is  painted  by 
a  good  handt.      The  walls  that  encompafs  the  area  in  which  this 
Theatre   ftands  are  fet  off  with  a  great  number  of  Grecian  and 
"Roman  antiquities,   as  monumental  infcriptions,   altars,   &c. 

Adjoining  to  the  Theatre  is  the  Mufeum  A/Jmiokamim,   a  plain  Adimoie'* 
"but  regular  edifice.     The  lower  part   is  a  chemical  laboratory. 
The  firft  floor,  to  which  there  is  a  handfome  afcent  of  fteps,   is  a 
neat  hall  wainfcotted  ;   from  hence  by  a  large  ftaircafe  (the  walls 

*  Meaning  the  fine  church  of  AH  Saints,  then  building. 

f  The  allegorical  pidures  on  the  cieling  were  done  by  Streater,  ferjeant  painter 
to  King  Charles  ;  but  the  colours,  as  well  as  the  canvafs,  having  been  greatly 
injured,  by  time,  the  work  was  cleaned  and  repaired  in  1762,  by  Mr.  Kettle,  an  in 
genious  portrait  painter  of  London  ;  at  which  time  the  whole  infide  was  alio  decorated  with  new 
gilding,  painting,  and  other  ornaments,  at  the  expcnce  of  one  thoufand  pounds ;  fo  that  this  is 
now  univerfally  allowed  to  be  the  moll  fuperb  and  tplendid  reom  in  Europe. 

B   2  of 


Library, 


4  M  R.    S.    G  A  L  E  '  S    T  O  U  R    T  H  R  O  U  G  H 

of  which  are  hung  with  pidures,  and  at  the  foot  of  which  yoii 
enter  the  library)  you  go  up  to  the  repofitory,  which  is  filled 
with  valuable  curiofities,  both  of  art  and  nature,  all  ranged  in 
the  niceft  order,  and  kept  very  clean.  They  fliewed  us  here  a 
white  fattin  waiftcoat  in  which,  it  is  faid.  King  Charles  I.  was- 
beheaded  anno  1648. 

Sehoois.  The  Public  Schools  compofe  a  great  quadrangle:  the  gate-- 

houfe  or  entrance  to  it  is  very  high,  and  beautified  with  pillars  of 
the  feveral  orders  of  architecture.  The  Divinity  School  is  a  very 
neat  building,  curioufiy  arched  over,  and  enriched  with  variety 
of  Gothic  carving. 

Boiirsn  We  canuot  call  the  Bodleian  Library  a  magnificent  ftrudure,- 

but  it  is  capacious,  and  hath  been  greatly  enlarged  by  the  addition 
of  feveral  galleries  ereiled  fince  its  firfi:  foundation  by  Sir  Tho- 
mas Bodley,  knt.  anno  1597.  It  contains  an  immenfe  treafure 
of  books  of  the  mofk  valuable  editions,  as  well  as  fcarce  manu-- 
fcripts  in  all  languages,  given  by  feveral  benefaftors  :  the  Greek 
raanufcripts  of  fignior  PYancefco  Barrocio,  a  Venetian  gentleman y. 
brought  over  from  Italy,  and  prefented  by  the  old  earl  of  Pem- 
broke ;  the  Oriental  MSS.  of  Sir  Thomas  Roe ;  thofe  given  by- 
Oliver  Cromwell,  and  by  archbiihop  Laud,  no  lefs  than  one 
thoufand  three  hundred,  written  in  Hebrew,  Syriac,  ChaldeCj. 
^thiopic  (as  well  African  as  Afiatic)  ;  Perfian,  Turkifii,  Chinefe, 
Japanefe,  Malayan,  Malabaric,  Ruffian,  Greek  (as  well  in  the 
Vulgar  as  Scholaftic),  Latin^r  Italian,  German,  Bohemian,  Irifli, 
Anglo-Saxon,  Englifh,  and  a  book  of  the  Hieroglyphics  of 
Mexico,  of  which  there  are  feveral  others  in  the  library.  Here 
are  noble  copies  of  the  Bible,  Fathers,  Hifl:orians,  Poets,  Orators, 
Philofophers,  Phyficians,  and  Mathematicians;  there  are  alfo 
thoufands  of  MSS.  in  the  fame  languages  as  thofe  of  the  prelates 
above-mentioned;  and  others  in  the  Samaritan,  Mend®an,  Egyp- 
tian, Siamefe,  Peguan,  Indoltan,  Sanfcreet,  Tylingan^  Cey Io- 
nian, Tartarian,  Spanifii,  Portuguefe,  Britiih,  Francic,  Frifian, 
Gothic,  and  lilandic :   I  think,   I  need  not  enumerate  any  further. 

To 


SEVERAL  PARTS  OF  ENGLAND. 

To  have  a  true  eflimate  of  this  noble  Library,  fee  the  great  Ox- 
ford Catalogue  publifhed  by  Dr.  Hyde,  fol.  Oxon,  1674,  and 
the  Philofophical  Tranfa<ftions  for  December,  1698,  p.  442.  In 
the  Library  we  have  a  buft  of  Sir  T.  Bodley,  with  the  following 
infcriptioii  in  gold  under  it: 

THOMAS     SACKVILIUS    DORSETTI^    COMES, 
SUMMUS     ANGLIC    THE3  AUR  ARIUS, 
ET    HUJUS     ACADEMIC 
CANCELLARIUS, 
THOM^    BODLEIO    EQUITI    AURATO,. 
QUI    BIBLIOTHECAM    HANC    INSTITUIT,. 
HONORIS    CAUSA    PIE 
POSUIT. 

From  hence  we  went  to  fee  the  PicSlure-gallery;  where  hang  p/^"^ 
ieveral  ancient  and  good  pieces  of  painting  :  fome  of  them  are 
originals,  and  drawn  to  the  fall  proportion.  They  are  thofe  of 
the  kings,  queens,  nobles,  bifhops,  and  other  pious  and  generous 
perfons,  founders  and  benefaftors  of  the  feveral  colleges  of  this 
Univerfity.  Here  are  alfo  feveral  heads  of  famous  and  learned 
men,  as  well  of  our  country  as  foreigners.  I  obferved  a  very  bold 
one  of  our  famous  countryman  Duns  Scotus,  who  was  educated 
at  Merton  college  in  this  Univerfity :  the  place  of  his  birth  you 
have  from  his  own  manufcript  works  in  the  library  of  Merton 
college,  which  conclude  thus : 

"  Explicit    ledtura  Subtilis  in  Univerfitate  Parifienfi    Docto- 
**  ris  Joannis  Duns   nati  in    quadam   villula   parochias  de 
"  Emildon  vocata  -Dunfton  in  comitatu  Northumbrije  per- 
•^  tinente  doraui  Scholarum  de  Merton  hah  in  Oxonia." 
He  died  miferably,  being  taken  with  an  apoplectic  fit,  and  bu- 
ried too  haftily,  after  mourning  in  vain  for  affiftance,    till  at  laft, 
beating  his  head  againft  the  tomb-flone,  he  dafhed  out  his  brains. 
See  Camden's  Britannia. 

There  has  lately  been  given  to  this  gallery  another  very  fine 
piece,  an  original  of  Mr.  Samuel  Butler,  the  author  of  the  incom- 
parable Hudibras,  5,  Chrift- 


GaUerv  of 


6  M  R.     S.    G  A  L  E  •  S     T  O  U  R    T  II  R  O  U  G  H 

chliiidiurch  Chriftchurch  is  the  foundation  of  Cardinal  Wolfey,  and  a 
great  ftru(5ture.  This  college  conflfts  of  two  quadrangles,  and 
feveral  courts.  The  firft  quadrangle  is  very  large,  and  the  gate 
or  portal  very  grand,  after  the  Gothic  order;  but  the  whole 
\vithin  is  plain.  The  fecond  fquare  is  now  re-buiiding.  The 
windows  are  regular  and  faflied,  and  the  fides  of  the  fquare  are 
fetoff  with  pilalfers  of  the  Ionic  order.  This  college  has  a  good 
library,  as  all  the  others  have ;  but  we  had  not  time  to  view'  them 
all. 

In  this  college  I  vifited  my  very  good  friend  Mr.  M -,  a 

gentleman    of   great    parts,    and    particularly    refpe<5led   by  the 
learned  for  his  knowledge  of  the  Arabic  tongue. 

New  College.  We  obfcrvcd  in  New  College  a  very  magnificent  regularity 
and  furprizing  neatnefs.  It  owes  its  grandeur  to  the  munificent 
prelate  William  Wickham,  billiop  of  Winchefter.  It  is  com- 
pofed  of  tw'o  fquare  courts :  in  the  middle  of  the  firft  is  placed 
ujion  a  pedeftal  the  flatue  of  Pallas,  fecured  with  an  iron  ba- 
luftrade.  In  the  inner  court  is  the  chapel,  a  curious  ftru6lure, 
and  fo  decently  adorned,  that  a  view  of  it  leaves  a  religious  im- 
prelTion  upon  the  -mind ;  it  is  paved  with  black  and  white  marble. 
I'he  windows  are  large,  and  reprefent  the  facred  hiilories  in 
painted  glafs.  The  wood-w'ork  of  the  choir  is  painted,  and  the 
carving  gilt;  the  backs  of  the  ftalls  are  adorned  in  lively  colours 
with  the  effigies  of  the  patriarchs,  prophets,  and  apoftles,  in  full 
proportion.  The  frontifpiece  of  the  altar  is  beautified  with 
painting,  and  a  good  j^idure  of  the  Salutation ;  above  which,  upon 
the  wall,  there  is  a  cupola,  well  defigned  in  good  perfpedlive. 
The  roof  is  alfo  painted  and  gilt.  This  chapel  brings  to  my 
thoughts  Mr.  Milton's  defire,  which  he  thvis  expreifes  in  the  poem 
by  him  ftyled  //  Penfero/o : 

"  But  let  my  due  feet  never  fail 

"  To  walk  the  ftudious  cloifter's  pale, 

"And 


SEVERAL    PARTS    OF    ENGLAND. 

"  And  love  the  high  embower'd  roof, 

**   With  antique  pillars  inaffy  proof, 

"   And  lloried  windows,  i"ichly  dight, 

*'  Calling  a  dim  religious  light: 

*f  There  let  the  pealing  organ  blow 

"   To  the  fuU-voic'd  choir  bejow, 

*"*  In  fervice  high,  and  anthems  dear, 

"  As  may  with  fweetnefs  through  mine  ear 

"  Diffolve  me  into  extalies, 

"  And  bring  all  heaven  before  mine  eyes." 
The  altar-piece  here  was  done  by  the  celebrated   hand  of  Mr. 
Henry  Cook,  who  died  in  the  year  1700. 

Here  has  lately  been  madis  to  the  inner  court  of  the  college  an 
addition  of  two  wings  of  neat  building.  Through  the  whole 
edifice  is  a  vifto  into  the  gardens  ;  the  walks  are  well  laid  out,  and 
neatly  kept,  in  the  middle  of  which  is  a  high  fquare  mount  with 
terrace  walks  having  feveral  afcents  of  ftone  flreps.  From  the 
top  of  it  you  have  a  good  view  of  Oxford. 

From  hence  w^e  went  to  Trinity  College,  a  building  very  oldTiimty 
and  mean;  but  made  famous  by  its  moft  elegant  chapel,  not  long 
fince  built  a  la  Roma'm ;  an  oblong  of  fquared  white  ftone, 'plain 
on  the  outfide,  elevated  at  the  entrance  with  a  fquare  tower, 
crowned  with  an  Attic  work ;  at  each  angle  of  which  is  placed  a 
beautiful  ftatue.  The  fcreen  or  entrance  to  the  choir  is  ex- 
quifitely  carved,  being  a  great  arch,  fet  off  with  large  Corinthian 
columns,  upon  pedeftals  fupporting  an  enriched  pediment.  The 
altar-piece  at  the  upper  end  is  of  the  fame  beautiful  work;  the 
choir  is  all  exquifitely  lined  and  beautified  with  foliage  and  other 
fculptures,  the  whole  of  cedar,  which  renders  a  fine  fragrancy. 
The  floor  is  of  black  and  white  marble,  and  the  cieling  gilt,  and 
painted  with  facred  hiftory ;  and  every  part  has  a  proper 
grandeur.- 

Next 


MR.    S.    GALE'S    TOUR    T.H  R  O  U  G  H. 


PlivficGartlcn, 


Brazen-nofe 
College, 


River  Ifis. 


St.  John's 
College. 


St.  Alban's 
Hall. 


Next  to  this,  we  vifited  the  Fhyfic  Garden,  entering  through  a 
noble  portal  of  ftone  of  the  Tufcan  order,  each  front  adorned  with 
ruftic  work.  Flere  is  a  good  colledfioii  of  medicinal  plants,  ex- 
ceeding the  Apothecaries  Garden  at  Chelfea.  The  walks  are 
neatly   kept,   and   the  Botanic  ProfelTor   has  his  lodging  s   on- 


tiguous . 


Then  we  vifited  Brazen-nofe  College,  a  handfome  and  ftrong 
building;  the  great  court  encompaffed  with  a  neat  cloifter.  I  ob- 
ferved  a  great  brafs  nofe  gilt  affixed  to  the  college-gate  ;  the 
mafter  and  fellows  are  obliged  to  keej)  it  there  in  perpetuum\ 
lliouldthe  nofe  be  violently  or  privately  taken  away,  the  college 
would  be  in  the  utmoft  confufion,  in  a  manner  dilTolved — no  bu- 
finefs  can  be  tranfafledj  nor  any  commons  eat — till  another  fnout 
be  affixed 

Jiwenefque^fenefque^ 

Et  pueri  najurn  rhinoceroris  habent. 

In  the  evening  our  Oxonian  friends  gave  us  a  collation  upon 
the  river,  in  one  of  their  barges,  accompanied  with  the  town 
mufic,  and  feveral  other  barges,  making  a  numerous  retinue. 
The  verdant  meadows,  watered  with  the  Ib'eams  of  Ifis,  together 
with  the  view  of  the  magnificent  buildings  of  Oxford,  yield  a 
moft  beautiful  profpe6l. 

The  loth  we  faw  St.  John's  College,  where  we  were  enter- 
tained at  dinner  by  Mr.  Rogers,  one  of  the  fellows^  The  building 
is  ancient,  but  very  neat.  They  have  a  good  library,  to  which, 
as  well  as  the  college,  Archbifliop  Laud  was  a  great  benefadfor. 
This  bifliop  lies  interred  in  the  chapel  here,  which  is  a  beautiful 
flruifure ;  and  the  fervice  is  performed  after  the  choral  manner. 
There  are  fine  walks  belonging  to  the  college. 

It  isfurprizing,  that  in  this  great  Univerfity,  we  fhould  meet  with 
fo  mean  a  Hermitage  as  St.  Alban's  Hall,  in  v/hich  refide  only  a  prin- 
cipal, a  batchelor,  and  a  commoner.      Thefe  are  all  that  compofe 

this 


SEVERAL    PARTS    OF    ENGLAND.  9 

this  hall,  and  fupply  one  another  in  the  mutual  good  offices  of 
cook,  butler,  Sec.  Their  refectory,  library,  and  chapel,  are  one 
room;  and  there  is  a  bell  hung  up  in  a  garret-window  to  call  them 
together  upon  folemn  occafions. 

To  make  us  amends  for  this  laft  humble  cell,  the  lofty  tower  MasrctaUn 
of  Magdalen  college  drew  our  attention  to  view  itsilately  ftrudiure. 
It  is  fquare,  very  high,  and  adorned  with  battlements  and  pinacles 
at  each  corner  in  the  Gothic  ftile.  The  chapel  adjoining  is  great 
and  elegant;  and  againA  the  laft  wall,  behind  the  altar,  is  a  noble 
pi6ture  of  the  Laft  Judgment,  in  which  William  Waynfleet,  bifliop 
of  Winchefter,  and  the  founder,  is  reprefented  in  pontiftcalibus^  as 
carrying  up  by  two  angels  to  the  beatific  regions  prepared  for 
the  good  and  merciful  at  the  great  day  of  judgment.  The 
college  is  adorned  with  a  large  cloiftered  quadrangle,  beautiful 
walks  of  a  vaft  length,  fet  thick  with  tall  trees,  watered  on  every 
fide  with  the  river,  making  a  triangular  ifland;  befide  thefe  walks, 
there  is  a  fhady  grove,  divided  into  regular  walks,  and  fupporting  Grove. 
fome  deer  for  the  ufe  of  the  college,  a  bleffing  other  houfes  are 
deftitute  of,  it  being  the  food  of  the  ancients.  The  grove  and 
venifon  are  well  fecured  with  a  high  ftone-wall. 

The  next  opportunity,  we  vifited  Queen's  college,  which,  from  ^?"''' 
a  low  Gothic  building,  under  the  aufpicious  conduct  of  Dr.  Lan- 
cafter,  is  now  become  one  of  the  moft    magnificent  as  well  as 
beautiful  colleges  in  the  whole  Univerfity.      It  confifts  of  regular 
courts,  adorned  with  piazzas,  a  neat  hall,  and  moft  elegant  chapel, 
the   windows  of  which   are  of  fine  painted  glafs,  reprefenting  ciafs  Paiming 
fcripture  hiftory;   and,  at  the  tops,   the  heads  and  arms  of  the 
founders  and  benefadtors,  moft  of  them  by  the  celebrated  Mr. 
Price,  of  Holborn,  London,  who  died  about  the  year  T726,  and 
was  the  fole  reviver  of   the  art   of  glafs-paiiiting  in  England, 
which  he  had  brought  to  the  greateft  perfedion,  if  we  juftly  con- 
fider  his  noble  defigns,  his  true  drawing,  his  exadt  rules  of  per- 

G  fpedfive 


to  MR.    S.    GALE'S    TOUR    THROUGH 

fpeilive  (unknown  to  the  firft  mailers  of  this  art),  as  well  as  His 
colours,  which  are  rich  and  permanent..  Witnefs  the  chapel  at 
Canons,,  the  feat  of  the  Duke  of  Chandos  ;  and  the  great  round 
window  in  the  front  of  the  north  crofs  ot  Weifniiniler  abhey, 
reprefenting  o^jr  Saviour  and  the  twelve  ApoftleSj.  in  diftincSl  di— 
vilions,  at  full  length,  in  form  of  a  Catherine  WheeL  He  very 
happily  has  communicated  this  fcience  to  his  fon,  who  is  an  in- 
genious perfon,.  and  follows  his  father's  fteps  in  the  fame  houfe. 
Mcrton  Merton  college  is  a  handforae  old  building.     Its  treafury-room= 

is  an  oblong  pile  of  mafonry,  very  remarkable  for  its  high  roof, 
which  is  like  that  of  our  common  houfes;  but,  inltead  of  timber 
and  tiling,  is  covered  -up  to  the  ridge  with  large  fquare  ftones. 
The  eail  window  of  the  chapel  here  is  well  worth  feeing  ;  it  being 
very  large,  and  of  fine  ancient  coloured  giafs,  reprefenting  the 
Nativity,  PalTion,  Refurred:ion,  and  Alcenfion.  of  Chrift,  with, 
other  hiftories  exquifitely  done. 
roikf^  The  college  of  All  Souls  has  been  fo  magnificently  augmented 

in  buildings  by  its  worthy  benefactors,  that  at  this  time,  1728, 
it  looks  more  like  a  new  than  an  old  foundation.  Its  library, 
which  is-new  built,  and  chapel,  compofe  two  fides  of  a  great 
fquare,  or  rather  oblong;  one  end  of  which  con  fills  of  handfome 
aj^artments,  in  the  middle  of  which  arife  two  great  towers,,  ele- 
vated with  fpires  after  the  Gothic  manner,  juft  finiflied,  which 
correfpond  very  well  with  the  old  buildings;  it  has  alfo  at 
the  other  end  a  large  and  beautiful  gate,  in  the  middle  of  the 
front  wall,  which  joins  the  ends  of  the  library  and  chapel:  this- 
lall  has  been  magnificently  adorned  with  a  fine  altar-piece  of 
wood,  being  a  circular  pediment,  fupported  by  Corinthian  co- 
lums,  to  which  you  afcend  by  feveral  marble  fi:eps..  The  chapel 
is  alfo  all  paved  with  curious  marble.  The  wall  above  the  altar  is 
finely  decorated  wdth  the  refurreilion  of  the  founder,  Henry 
Chicliele,,  fometime   archbifliop  of  Canterbury ;  while  the  lall 

trumpets 


SEVERAL    PARTS    OF    ENGLAND,  ii 

trumpets  are  founding,  two  angels  open  the  tomb  while  the 
bifliop  ariles  to  the  great  judgment,  furrounded  with  a  groupe  of 
coeleftial  attendants,  to  receive  the  reward  of  his  diffufive  charity. 
It  is  of  the  delign  and  pencil  of  Sir  James  Thoruhill.  There  is 
another  court  belonging  to  this  college,  finely  cloiflered,  Gothic. 

Univerlity  college  boafts  of  the  Saxon  king,   Alfred  the  great,  coiw7 
for  its  founder,  whofehead  is  m  many  places  cut  in  flone  in  t>j 
Old  College.      The  famous  Dr.  RatclifFe  has,  by  his  legacy,   al- 
moft  re-built  the  whole  college,  but  in  the  old  Gothic  ftyle. 

At  Lincoln  college  there  is  a  chapel  which  deferves  the  mod  no-  Q^^^lf^^^ 
tice.  In  the  eaft  window  are  depided  the  types  and  anti-types  of 
Jefus  Chrift;  on  the  north  fide  are  the  prophets,  on  the  fouth  the 
apoflles ;  all  finely  painted  in  glafs,  and  efteemed  the  beft  of 
this  kind  in  Oxford.  To  give  an  account  of  all  the  beauties  and 
curio fities  in  this  Univerfity  would  be  an  endlefs  work.  To  view 
the  libraries,  the  vail  number  of  valuable  manufcripts,  would  re- 
quire a  long  refidence  in  the  place;  fo  that  what  Ihaveliiid-is  only 
to  give  .my  friend  a  tafte  of  what  he  may  find. 

The  laft  college  we  vifited  during  our  fhort  flay  here  was  wadham 
Wadham  ;  a  neat,  folemn  building.  There  is  a  fine  cellar  arched 
'with  fione,  fupported  by  malTy  columns  of  the  Tufcan  order. 
Afcending  from  hence  we  entered  the  chapel,  which  is  a  neat 
ftrudure.  The  back  of  the  altar  is  hung  with  cloth,  on  which 
the  Laft  Supper  is  painted  in  a  manner  much  refembling  frefco, 
and  the  windows  are  likewife  of  fine  painted  glafs. 

If  one  takes  a  view  from  the  meadows,  or  any  convenient  dif-  Oxford  city, 
tance,  Oxford  affords  a  noble  profped,  and  feems  to  be  a  city  full 
of  palaces,  which  are  daily  rifing  with  new  grandeur. 

The  cathedral  of  Chrift  Church  is  built  like  our  other  ancient  cati,e<irai  of 

Chrift  Churdt, 

cathedrals ;  it  is  not,  however,  very  large.  It  has  a  noble  tower 
in  the  middle,  which  terminates  in  a  high  fpire  of  ftone.  In  it  is 
ftill  remaining,  undemolilhed,  the  ancient  tomb  or  flirine  of  St. 

C  2  Fridifvide, 


12  MR.    S.    GALE'S    TOURTH  ROUGH 

Fridifvide,  the  virgin,  and  firft  patronefs  of  this  church,  it  having 
formerly  belonged  to  her  monallery  of  nuns.  There  are  alfo 
feveral  monuments  of  learned  men  and  profeffors.  The  choir  is 
fmall,  and  enlightened  by  the  eaft  window,  on  which  is  a  Nati- 
vity, finely  defigned  and  painted  in  glals,  by  the  late  ingenious 
Mr.  Gyles,  a  glafs-painter,  of  York. 

St.  Mary's.  g^^  Mary's,    the  Univerfity  church,    is  a  magnificent  Gothic 

fl:ru6ture,  adorned  with  a  more  modern  portal  of  WTeathed  Corin- 
thian columns,  and  upon  the  centre  of  the  arch  the  effigies  of  the 
Bleffed  Virgin  carved  in  ftone.  The  whole  building  is  fur- 
mounted  with  a  large  pyramidal  fteeple,  fpringing  from  a  great 
fquare  tower  placed  in  the  middle.  The  wood-w^ork  wuthin  the 
choir  is  ancient  and  handfome,  and  the  fcreen  or  chancel  curioufly 
carved. 

AUhaiiows.  Allhallows  is  a  parifli  church,  but  juft  finifhed,  a  fine  oblong 
with  a  flat  cieling,  within  adorned  with  fret-work,  containing  the 
arms  of  the  benefa6t;ors,  in  large  compartments,  and  properly 
emblazoned.  The  altar  is  a  fine  piece  of  Corinthian  architecture 
in  wood;  oppofite  to  which,  over  the  weft  door,  within,  are  the 
arms  of  our  great  hero  John  duke  of  Marlborough,  and  prince  of 
Mildenheim,  fupported  by  the  Imperial  Eagle,  erected  in  honour 
of  his  grace,  by  whofe  benefailion,  as  I  am  informed,  this  new 
church  was  paved  with  ftone.  The  windows  are  regular  and 
arched;  the  interftices  of  which,  both  within  and  without,  are 
adorned  with  pilafters  of  the  Corinthian  order:  at  the  weft  end 
is  a  beautiful  fteeple,  ending  in  a  fpire.  The  whole  is  of  a  fine 
tafte,  not  much  unlike  our  new  church  of  St.  Martin  in  the 
Fields. 

The  ftreets  are  generally  very  broad,    and    well -paved.     The 
■whole  is  finely  watered  by  the  rivers  Cherwell  and  Ifis. 

CafHe.  jj.  j^^^j  formerly  a  ftrong  caftle  for  its  defence,  built  by  D'Oily, 

in  the  Conqueror's  time,  of  which  there  are  ftill  great  ruins  of 

its 


SEVERAL     PARTS    OF    ENGLAND. 


13 


its  wall  and  high  nicant>  rnoated  all  round  in  the  area  vifible; 
and  the  ailizes  arc  held  here.  The  gates  of  the  city  are  very 
ancient  and  ruinous;  but  the  market-place  is  fpacious,  the  houles 
neatly  built  :  the  Crofb*  there  is  a  handiome  Itone  ftrudture, 
adorned  with  the  llatues  of  fome  of  our  kings,  painted  and 
gilt.  I  Ihall  only  add,  that  it  is  one  of  the  bcautifuleft  cities  in 
England. 

Having  leen  the  Univerfity,  I  made  a  fmall  tour  to  Stunsfield,  stunsfeH.near 

P  •'  '  '  the  oM    Ake- 

a  little  viliaye  about  fix  miles  from  Oxon,  to  fee  a  Roman  r)ZLVG-mm-Civttt,ria 
ment,  which  had  been  by  accident  ploughed  into  by  a  country- 
man, in  his  adjoining  field,  by  which  means  foine  few  of  the 
ftones  were  difplaced  or  torn  up.  It  is  an  oblong  iquare,  confift- 
ing  of  very  fmall  fquare  ftones,  by  the  ancients  called  opm  tejfela- 
tum\.  The  pavement  was  adorned  with  two  great  circles,  in- 
cluded in  fc]uare  borders :  in  the  middle  of  one  was  Bacchus, 
fitting  upon  a  tiger  with  his  thyrfis  in  his  hand,  and  holding  in 
his  other  hand  a  large  goblet  emptied  over  his  head,  which  is 
crowned  with  vine  leaves  ;  in  the  other  circle  various  figures  of 
birds  and  drinking  veflels,  the  whole  in  their  proper  colours.  It 
is  twenty  feet  broad,  and  thirty  feet  long,  and  found  not  far  from 
the  Akeman-ftreet,  the  old  Roman  way,  leading  to  Aqua  Solis,  or 
Baths.  All  about  the  fides  were  the  veftigies  of  a  ftone  wall, 
which  had  been  painted. 

From  this  pavement  we  went  to  view  a  more  modern  curiofity,  Blenheim. 
which  was  Blenheim  caftle,  fituated  about  half  a  mile  from  the 
ruins  of  the  old  royal  palace  of  Woodrtock.  It  is  a  vaft  ftruilure 
of  fl:one,  but  of  a  very  h^id  gouty  ill-contrived,  and  void  of  all  the 
fine  ornaments  of  architedlure,  '.vhich  give  that  charming  variety 
and  lightnefs  to  a  palace;  not  a  feftoon  in  the  whole  front,  all 
the  windows  too  little,  no  mouldings  or  pediments  to  take  off 

*  Carfax,  io  c^WiAhom  four  luays  meeting  here ;   from  the   French  term,  a  little  corrupted, 
^uatre-voycs. 

t  Engraven  in  1712  by  M.  Burghers,  at  the  expence  of  Tom  Flcjrne. 

the 


1+ 


MR.    S.    GALE'S      TOUR    THROUGH 


the  plainnefs  of  the  wall.  Within,  the  grand  faloon  is  magnifi- 
cent, and  finely  painted,  as  well  as  the  room  behind  it,  repre- 
fentino:  the  different  nations  of  the  known  world  in  their  habits 
admiring  the  great  a6ts  of  the  duke  of  Marlborough.  There  is 
alio  a  noble  gallery  next  the  garden,  panneled  within  with  mar- 
ble, and  the  fpaces  between  the  windows  fet  off  with  Corinthian 
pilafters.  The  oppofite  fide  is  hung  with  the  Loves  of  the  Gods, 
by  the  famous  Titian,  prefented  by  the  duke  of  Savoy.  At  one 
end  is  king  Charles  I.  on  horfeback;  at  the  other  the  duke  of 
Marlborough,  by  a  late  hand.  The  avenue  is  ftately,  having  in 
it  a  great  bridge  over  a  fmall  rivulet,  of  one  large  arch,  and  two 
fmaller  on  each  fide,  joining  two  hills  together  :  the  gaixlens  are 
large  and  plain,   with  wood  walks. 

Returning  hence    to  Oxford,   we  took  leave   of  our  learned 
friends  there,  and  on  the  nth  pafled  through  a  beautiful  coun- 

Burford.  try  to  Burfofd,  a  good  market -town,  in  our  way  to  Gloucefl:er; 
where  we  faw  on  the  left  of  the  road  at  the  bottom  of  a  preci- 
pice the  head  of  the  river  Thames,  rifing  from  leven  fprings  or 
wells.  This  night  we  lay  at  an  obfcure  village,  four  miles  fliort 
of  Gloucefter. 

Gioucefter.  Oil  thc  I  2th  wc  arrived  at  that  city,   which  indeed  exceeded 

my  expe6tation.  The  parifli  churches  in  general  are  neat  build- 
ings. There  is  a  high  tower  of  ftone  in  one  of  the  market-places, 
in  which  is  an  aquedu61:  of  good  water ;  in  another,  a  large 
market-hovife  fupported  by  Ionic  columns.  We  faw^  a  very  fine 
crofs "■■•',  adorned  with  the  effigies  of  feveral  kings  and  queens, 
carved,   painted,   and  gilt,   and  encompafied  with  an  iron  rail. 

Cathedral.  Thc  Cathedral  Church  is  a  large  and  fair  ftrucfture,  of  a  fine 

ftone,  after  the  Gothic  manner.  It  has  a  magnificent  fquare  tower 
in  the  middle  of  the  croft,  adorned  with  battlements  and  titrrets  : 
the  windows   are   fpacious,   and    now  chiefly  glazed  with  plain 

*  The  crofs,  juft  before  it  was  taken  down  by  ai5i  of  p^rlinmcnt  1750,  was  drawn  at  the  ex- 
pence  of  tlie  Society  of  Antiquaries,  who  caufed  it  to  be  engraved  in  1751.  It  was  propofed  to 
have  the  eii^ht  ftatues  drawn  on  a  large  fcak  ;  but  that  dcfign  was  dropped,  and  only  the  crofs 
drawn  for  two  gi.iutas,     Brit.  Top.  I.  576, 

7  glafs, 


SEVERAL    PARTS     OF    ENGLAND.  15 

glafs,  the  old  paintings  being  almofl:  deftroyed  :  bifliop  Fowlers- 
broke  one,  which  had  a  reprefentation  of  the  Deity  (a  liberty 
which  fome  of  the  moft  celebrated  painters  have  taken),  and  was 
one  of  the  laft  that  had  efcaped  the  reach  of  other  hands,  it 
being  placed  very  high  above  the  choir..  Had  this  window  been 
the  objeft  of  divine  worlhip,  the  bilhop's  zeal  is  to  be  commend- 
ed ;  but  I  think  the  few  remains  of  antiquity  we  have  left  might 
plead  for  the  prefervation  of  a  piece  of  painting,  which  could 
not  be  obferved  but  by  the  moft  curious. 

The  choir  is  decently   ornamented,   and  was  painted  and  gilt 
by  Dr.  Jane  the  dean.      There  are  fome  good  monuments;    and 
that  of  king  Edward  11.  murdered,  in  Barclay-caftle,    at  the  infti- Edwf rd  ir. 
gation  (as  it  is  thought)  of  his  queen.. 

It  is  alfo  very  remarkable  for  the  Whiipering  place,  at  the  ^^^^'i^rpwing 
eaft  end,  which  we  faw.  It  is  a  narrow  paffage  between  two 
ftone  walls,  of  neat  mafonry,.  built  femicircularly,,  which  re- 
verberate the  air  from  one  point  of  the  pallage  to  the  other,^ 
which  is  the  breadth  of  the  church  at  that  place  ;  fo  that  the  echo 
of  the  whifper  is  difiin6tly  heard  at  fo  great  a  diftance.. 

We  arrived  at  Brillol  the  1 3th,  and  took  a  view  of  the  river,  Eiinou 
fliipping,.  and  great  flone-bridge,  not  very  long,  but  crowded  on 
both  fides  with  houfes,  like  that  at  London.  The  ftreets  here  are 
but  narrow,  and  populous,  and  every  where  appears  an  air  of 
bufinefs  and  vivacity.  The  houfes  ai'e  of  a  very  old  manner,, 
high,  of  timber  and  plafter ;  each  ftory  projei^ting  beyond  the 
other  renders  them,  as  well  as  the  ftreets,  very  dark,  and,  I  am. 
apt  to  think,   not  very  wholefome. 

The  Tclfey  is  a  large  edifice,  new-built,   of  an  oblong   form,Toirey. 
adorned  with  a  handfome  ftaircafe,  the  cieling  of  fret  work,   the 
whole  enlightened  with  large  fafli  windows.      The  mayor  holds 
his   council,   and   difpatches  public  bufinefs  here.      Oppofite   to 
this  the  merchants  meet  every  day  under  an  old  piazza,  by  way 

*  Bifliop  of  Gloucefter  1691  — 1714,. 

of 


i6  Mil.     S.     GALE'S     TOUR     THROUGH 

of  exchange  ;   and  in  the  ftreet  here  abouts  are  feveral  round  pofls 
fet  in  the  ground,   table  height,  covered  at  the  top  with  brafs, 
like  a  dilh,   where  they  frequently  pay  money,   and  take  receipts, 
as  well  as  in  their  compting  houfes.      The  ftreets  being  of  a  fmall 
breadth,   a  llranger  is  much  incommoded    in  walking,   and  is  in 
great  danger  of  being  hurt   by  the   many  fledges,  loaden  with 
merchandize,    paffing   continually    at   his    very  heels,    and  the 
Guildhall,      pavement  is  generally  very  bad.      The  Guildhall  is  a  very  poor 
ftruCfure,   and  feems  to  be  the  fl^eleton  of  an  old  parifli-church. 
crofs.         In  i\^Q  market-place,  they  have  a  very  neat  crofs  of  ftone*.  There 
Square.        is  aUb  lately  built  a  noble  fquare,   one  fide  of  which  contains  the 
cuftomHoufe.Cuftom-houfe,   a  flately  pile  of  brick,   adorned  with  large  fafhed 
\^  indovvs,   and  a  magnificent  portico  of  Itone  pillars  of  the  Tufcan 
Mcpch:!nts     order.       The    Merchants-hall    and   their   Almflioufes  are   new 
Ai'mihoufes.   buildiugs,  and  very  neat.      We  are  now  to  take  a  view  of  the 
cathediai.      Cathedral,   which,  compared  with  others  in  England,  is  much 
inferior  to  many  of  them.    It  is  a  plain  ftru6lure,   and  wants  half 
its   length.      I   am  told,   the   weft  nave  from  the   tower  in  the 
middle   was  demoliilied  in  the  civil  war ;   there  are  no  confider- 
able  monuments  in  it,   moft  of  its  bifliops  having  been  tranflated 
to  other  fees  :   there  are  only  two  fine  windows  of  painted  glafs  ; 
one  at  the  eaft  end  of  the  north  fide  ifle,  the  other  at  the  fouth. 
The  revenue  of  this  bifiiopric  is  but  fmall.      In  that  part  of  the 
RatciifF       city  called   RedclifF,  a  rubro  clivOy  or  RatclifFt,   we  faw  the  fine 
parochial  church,  a  noble  Gothic  ftrudlure,  more  magnificent  in 
all  refpedls  than  the  cathedral.     It  was  fome  time  fince  beauti- 
fully  repaired,   the  pillars   being  painted  like  marble,   and  the 
capitals  filleted  with  gold  ;   fo  that  it  feemed  to  be  new-built  when 
I  faw  it.     It  was  founded  by  William  Canninges,   a  merchant  of 

*  Engraven  by  S.  and  N.  Buck,  A.  D.  173+. 

f  A  large  fouth  view  of  this  beautiful  church,  drawn  by  J.  Stewart,  and  engraven  by  W.  H. 
Toms,  was  puhlidied  in  June  1746;  and  another,  drawn  by  John  Halfpenny  in  1745,  and  en- 
graven by  W.  H.  Toms,  was  publiftied  in  May  1746. 

this 


Chuich. 


SEVERAL    PARTS    OF    ENGLAND.  i; 

this  city,  who  afterward  became  a  priefl,  and  lies  here  interred, 
under  a  (lately  tomb,  reprefenting  his  effigies  in  the  facerdotal 
habit  and  tonfure. 

About  a  mile  and  a  half  from  this  alterum  Londinwn^  we  were 
entertained  with  the   i>rofpe6t  of  hi^^h  rocks,    very   fteep   and 
rugged  :   they  continue  their  courfe  for  about  three  miles,   and 
feem  almoft  miraculoufly  cleft  afunder,   to  bring  up  the  Froome,  River Ftome. 
a  branch  of  the  Severn,   to  which  Brittol  owes  its  growing  wealth. 
This   canal  is   but   narrow ;   but   the   tide    rifes   forty-two  feet. 
Ships  of  burthen  are  condu6led  up  by  pilots,  there  being  feveral 
ftielves    that    lye    under  water,     not  a   little  dangerous.     One 
of   the    greateft    of    the    aforementioned    rocks  is  that  of   St.  Rock!"""'* 
Vincent,  at  the  bottom  of  which,   near  the  water-fide,   rifes  a 
medicinal  hot  fpring,  very  much  reforted  to  by  the  infirm ;  the 
water  is  brought  up  by  two  pumps :  on  the  oppofite   rock   is 
another  cold  fpring.      As   the  environs  of  Briftol   and  the  town 
itfelf  afford  fuch  excellent  water,  fo  the  cyder  we  found  here, 
for  its  goodnefs  and  cheapnefs,  is  not  to  be  forgot;   they  afford 
you  what   they  call  a  beaker-full  for  a  penny.      It  is   a  filver 
vefTel,  and  contains  about  three- fourths  of  a  pint. 

There  is  a  cuflom   here  when  a  new  lord- mayor  is  chofen 
for  the  fheriffs  to  prefent  a  fine  fcabbard  for  the  fword ;   and  on 
the  fronts  of  their  almfhoufes  which  are  numerous  are  ufually  Aimflwufe* 
depicted  on  tables  of  wood  the  effigies  of  the  alms-people  main- 
tained there,  in  their  proper  habits. 

Leaving  Briflol,  after  riding  twelve  miles  of  bad  way,  heaps 
of  ftone  feeming  to  have  been  thrown  into  the  road,  on  purpofe 
to  break  a  traveller's  neck ;  yet,  by  the  affiftance  of  Providence, 
we  got  fafe  to  Bath  about  eleven  at  night. 

This  is  the  city  fo  celebrated  for  its  antiquity,  known  to  the  ^** 
Romans  above  fixteen  hundred   years    ago ;    who,   as  they  fub- 
dued  the  rude  and  favage  Britons,  io  they  likewife  taught  them 

D  humanity, 


i8  MR.     S.    GALE'S    TOUR    THROUGH 

humanity,  the  ufeful  arts  of  improving  hfc,  and  infl:rii6led  them 
in  the  manner  of  government,  and  gave  them  the  Roman  la\y 
and  privileges,  taught  them  the  ornamental  as  well  as  com- 
modious parts  of  archite<fture,  in  fortifying  their  towns,  building 
bridges,  railing  the  great  roads  and  caufeways,  erecting  temples 
and  baths,  of  which  our  city  of  Bath  is  an  illuftrious  inftance  ; 
AqusSoUs.  it  was  called  by  the  Romans  Aquoi  Solis,  as  appears  by  the  Itine- 
rarium  Jntonini',  and  I  am  of  opinion,  that,  to  this  glorious 
people  we  owe  the  original  difcovery  of  thefe  famous  baths  here; 
notwithltanding  the  fabulous  tale  of  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  who 
makes  king  Bladud,  a  Briton,  the  firff  founder;  the  ufual  fub- 
terfuge  of  ignorance,  rendering  the  affair  ftiil  more  uncertain, 
when  hoitted  up  to  the  time  of  a  pcrfon  altogether  of  a  dubious, 
if  of  any  exiftence. 

The  Britifli  writers  ftyle  it  Caer  Palladour,  that   is,  the  city 

of  the  water  of  Pallas ;    but  the  Romans,  as  1  obferved   before, 

Aquce  Solis;  the  latter  attributing  the  heat  and  medicinal  qualities 

*\poiio.         of  the  baths  to  the  Sun,  or  Apollo,  who  was  efleemed  and  wor- 

fliipped  by  them  as  the  God  of  Phyfic. 

Opiferque  per  orbetn 

Dicor.  Ovid,  Metam^ 

Pallas  they  looked  upon  as  the  Goddefs  of  Wifdom,    and  the  In- 
ventrix  of  Curious  Arts,  and  of  whatever  was  rare  and  uncommon. 
Injiar  montis  sqmmz,  divma  Palladis  artCy 
Mdificant.  Virg. 

And  I  have  in  the  wall  of  the  city  abferved,  on  the  infide 
weihvards,  a  confpicuous  bafs-relief  of  Apollo  laureated,  and  a 
flame  coming  out  of  his  mouth ;  thereby  plainly  intimating  the 
fire  and  genial  heat  with  which^  thefe  waters  are  fo  intenfely 
endowed,  to  proceed  entirely  from  the  influences  of  this  deity  ; 
another  bafs-relief  I  have  alfo  feen  here,  reprefenting  the  fun, 
irradiated,  pleno  vultu^ 

And 


2^uiff  /. r.-j. 


DC  c  col^qAj^  glev. 

xt'AN.  LXX  X"  VI- 


SEVERAL    PARTS    OF    ENGLAND.  i 


9 


And  lately,  anno  1727,  as  the  workmen  were  digging  to  lay  st«"eof 
a  new  drain  about  the  middle  of  the  town,  they  dug  up  a  fine 
head,  in  caft  brafs,  and  waflied  over  with  gold,  of  the  goddefs 
Pallas,  and  is  now  to  be  feen  preferved  by  the  worthy  magiftrates 
in  their  town-houfe,  as  a  moft  venerable  antiquity*.  Evidences, 
I  think,  fufficient  to  fliew  how  great  honour  the  Romans  at  Bath 
paid  to  thefe  two  deities  ;  but  there  are  many  other  remains, 
which  fhew  how  much  the  Romans  efleemed  and  reforted  to 
this  city.     I  fhall  give  you  fome  of  their  infcriptions. 

In  the  north  wall  of  the  city,  the  following,    [See  plate  I.  fig.  i .] 

BECUrio  COLONIAE   GLEv/t  VIXIT   AN;^OJ"  LXXXVI. 

The  decurion  of  the  colony  of  Gloucefter,  aged  86,  in  all 
probability,  came  hither  for  the  recovery  of  his  broken  confti- 
tution,  impaired  perhaps  by  his  long  fatigue  and  fervice:  and 
near  this  is  the  monument  of  a  young  Roman  lady.  It  is  divided 
into  three  compartments ;  in  the  middle  is  the  infcription,  in 
that  on  the  right  hand  in  bafs-relief  a  Cupid  holding  a  cornu- 
copie,   on  the  left  Proferpine  with  a  torch. 

D.        M. 
SVCC.    PETRONIAE    VIX. 
ANN.    III.    M.    III.     DI.    XV.    RO 
MVLVS.    HVIC.    ET    SABINA 
'       FIL.    PAR.    FEC. 

Another  upon  a  fragment  in  the  welt  wall,  [plate  I.  fig.  2.] 
y^Livs   sAB/nus,  Jvua  vxsor/. 

Laftly,  that   famous  one  of  Julius  Vitalis,  found  in  the  Ro-  J"'ius  vkaib. 
man  burying-placc,  about  eaftwards   out  of  the   city,    and    near 
the  Quadrivium,  or  where  the  four  great  Roman  roads  coincide 
from  Traje^us,    the  prefent  Oldbury  ;  Ifcalis,  Ilchefler ;    Ferlucioy 
Wejlbury  ;    and   Durocorinium,   Cirenceiler ;    found  there  anno 

.   *  This  head  was  engraved  in  173 1,  by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  plate  XXXIV,    of  their  Ve- 
tufta  MoniuTienta. 

•    f  Gloucefler. — The  two   firft  of  thefe  Infcriptions  were  communicated  by  Mr.  S.  Gale  to  Mr. 
Hearne,  who  engraved  them  in  his  edition  of  Lelaad's  Itinerary,  vol.  II.  p.  63. 

D  a  1708, 


20  MR.    S.    GALE'S     TOUR    THROUGH 

1708,  and  fince  fet  up  in  a  wall  at  the  eaft  end  of  the  abbey 
church,  by  which  it  appears  this  Roman  was  born  amongrt  the 
Belgae,  and  a  member  (if  not  chief)  of  the  college  of  Fabuca^ 
fettled  at  Bath,  who  died  aged  29  years,  and  in  the  ninth  of  his 
ftipcnds',.  from  whence  he  was  brought  out  with  great  funeral 
pomp,  and  here  interred ;  but  the  learned  Dr.  Mufgrave  having 
fo.  amply  treated  upon  this  matter*,  I  mull  refer  to  him,  only 
annexing  a  view  of  the  monument,   [fee  plate  I.  fig.  3.} 

Bifs-reiiefs.  ^jj  fQ  thefe  a  great  number  of  noble  remains,  and  fragments 
of  bafs-reliefs,  fome  now  buried  again  in  aflies  and  rubbilh, 
others  ft  ill  to  be  fecn  in  divers  places  of  the  city-walls. 

Apollo.  Weftwards  are  two  famous  buftos,  one  of  Apollo  laureated, 

and    his  hair   hanging   down,  a  flame    proceeding  out   of    his 

Diana.  mouth,  as  before-mcntioned ;  another  of  Diana,  with  her  hair 

diflievelled,  and  her  bow:  very   near   thefe,   two  armed  ftatuesr 
back  to  back.  In  the  fouth  wall  are  four  ftatues, 

^»'u"-  I.  In  a  recumbent  pofture,  a  river  deity  with  its  urn;- 

2.  Hercules  killing  the  Nemsean  lion  ; 

3.  An  upright  ftatue,  perhaps  of  Diana;. 

4.  A  full  face  of  the  Sun,   a  large  relief. 

The  walls  (where  they  are  ancient)  and  whole  area  of  the 
city,  which  is  raifed  far  above  tlite  level  of  the  ground  without 
the  walls,  and  feems  to  have  many  hollow  caverns,  arches,  and 
aquedu£ls  underneath,  would  induce  one  to  believe  the  whole 
to  be  the  work  of  the  Romans.  As  to  the  baths  themfelves,- 
they  have  received  fo  many  alterations  and  reparations  in  dif- 
ferent ages  that  no  exa(5t  judgement  can  be  formed  from  them  ; 
having  a  mixture  of  Roman  and  Gothic  architedlure,  of  which 
hereafter.  The  vaft  refort  hither  of  our  nobility,  gentry,  and 
others,  for  the  recovery  of  their  healths,  to  thefe  falutiferous 
fountains,  which  have  continued  flowing  for  fo  many  ages, 
without  any  diminution  either  of  their  quantity  or  quality, 
and  are  excellent  for  drinking  and  bathing  in  particular  cafes, 
naturally  lead   to   make  fome   further  remarks  upon  the  pre- 

fent 


SEVERAL    PARTS    OF    ENGLAND.  21 

fent  ftate  of  thefe  baths,  which  may  be  juflly  efteemed  amongft 
the  wonders  of  England. 

The  fituation  of  the  baths  is  promifcuous,  in  feveral  of  the 
ftreets  of  the  city,  and  fnrrounded  witli  high  buildings,  from 
whence  fpe^lators  from  the  windows  may  view  the  company 
when  bathing,  the  furface  of  the  water  being  entirely  open  to 
tiie  heavens ;.  and,  during  the  bathing  feafon,  after  the  patients 
are  retired  from  the  waters,  they  are  let  out  every  evening, 
and,  by  the  plentiful  ebullitions  of  the  fprings,  the  baths  are 
repleniflifjd  with  frefli  water  by  the  next  morning,  before  the 
company  comes. 

The  manner  of  going  in  is  for  the  gentlemen  and  ladies  to 
drefs  themfelves  in  their  proper  habits  in  their  own  apartments  ; 
•  the  firft  in  fine  canvas  waittcoats  of  a  fandy  colour,  edged  and 
trimmed  with  black  ribbands  or  ferreting,  and  tied  down  before 
with  firings  of  the  fame  colour,  having  on  canvas  drawers  and 
flippers,  and  a  lawn  linen  cap ;  the  latter  in  canvas  gowns  and 
petticoats,  with  pieces  of  lead  affixed  at  the  bottom,  to  keep  them 
down  under  the  water.  Being  thus  drefTed,  they  are  brought  in 
chairs,  ibmetimes  clofe  covered  up  in  their  morning  gowns,  and 
are  fet  down  in  the  paflages  which  lead  into  the  bath,  Ibut  at 
each  end  by  a  door  for  more  privacy.  The  defcent  from  the 
palTage  or  entrance  is  by  Hone  fleps,  at  which  one  of  the  guides 
attending  the  bath  meets  you  to  conducfk  you  in.  The  firft  we 
vifited  was  the  Crofs  bath,  fb  denominated  from  a  fine  marble 
erofs  erected  in  the  middle  by  King  Charles  the  Second,  in  honour 
of  the  Holy  Trinity,  and  to  obtain  of  heaven  a  prolific  benedic- 
tion for  his  queen* ;  there  are  three  facqades,  built  in  the  form  of 
a  triangle,  [Plate  I.  fig.  4.]  fet  off  with  three  three-quarter  co- 
lumns   of   the    Compofite    order,    from    whence   fpring    three 

*  It  was  ereftedby  John  earl  of  Melfort,  on  James  ll's  queen  proving  with  child.  See  it  en- 
graved in  Guidot's  Latin  Trail  on  the  Bath  waters,  Lend.  1691.  410.  Ur.  Rawliiifon  firil  printed 
theinlcriptionin  his  Enj;lifli  Topographer. 

7  arches, 


22. 


MR.    S.    GALE'S    TOUR    THROUGH 

arches,  over  each  of  which  are  three  cherubim's  heads,  fyaibols 
of  the  Trinity.  There  were  feveral  infcriptions  and  alluilons  above 
the  arches,  but  they  are  defaced  by  time :  from  the  arches  arifes  a 
fmall  dome,  upon  which  above  all  a  crofs  is  placed.  The  pedeftal 
which  fupports  the  whole  work  is  adorned  in  each  die  with  coats 
of  arms  in  baflb-relievo,  with  cherubim's  heads,  three  in  a  group, 
fymbols  of  the  Trinity.  This  ftrudure  is  of  an  elegant  defign, 
and  very  ornamental.  Two  fides  of  the  bath  have  galleries,  one 
for  the  fpeiftators,  the  other  for  the  mulic.  This  bath  is  the 
moft  frequented  by  the  quality  of  both  fexes,  where,  with  the 
greateft  order  and  decency,  the  gentlemen  keep  to  one  fide  of  the 
bath,  and  the  ladies  to  the  other.  No  gentleman  whatever  muft 
prefume  to  bathe  in  the  ladies'  diftridt,  under  a  pecuniary  mul6t, 
inflicfted  by  the  ferjeants  of  the  bath:  the  ladies  are  fuppofed  to 
be  fo  modcfl  as  not  to  come  near  the  gentlemen.  The  city  is 
at  the  expenceof  mulic  to  entertain  the  company;  but  it  often 
happens,  that  a  young  gentleman  compliments  a  p^lrticular  lady 
with  mufic,  which  begins  to  play  as  foon  as  flie  enters  the  waters. 
The  women  have  guides  of  their  own  fex,  as  the  men  have  of 
theirs.  The  ladies  bring  with  them  japanned  bowls  or  bafons, 
tied  to  their  arms  with  ribbands,  which  fwim  upon  the  furface 
of  the  water,  and  are  to  keep  their  handkerchiefs,  nofegays,  per- 
fumes, and  fpirits,  in  cafe  the  exhalations  of  the  water  fhould  be 
too  prevalent.  The  uiual  compliment,  when  any  one  goes  into 
the  bath,  is  to  wifli  them  a  good  bath  ;  and  the  company,  while 
bathing,  generally  regale  themfelves  with  chocolate.  This  bath 
is  not  paved  at  the  bottom;  but  is  covered  with  fmall  natural 
pebbles,  as  the  other  baths  are:  it  has  no  fprings  of  its  own  ;  but 
is  fupplied  with  water  by  a  puiTagc  from  the  King's  bath,  and 
confequently  is  cooler  and  pleafanter  than  thofe  where  the  fprings 
rife.  From  hence  we  pafs  into  the  King's  bath,  which  is  a  large 
fquare;  in  the  middle  is  an  arched  building  of  wood  to  fit  under, 
which  they  call  the  kitchen.  There  are  alfo  arched  feats  in  the 
■walls,  with  iron  rings  on  each  fide  to  hold  by.     On  the  top  of 

the 


SEVERAL  PARTS  OF  ENGLAND. 

the  wall  is  an  old  Gothic  nich,  in  which  is  fitting  a  llatue  of 
Bladad,  a  Britilh  king,  with  a  long  infcription  at  his  foot,  as 
founder  of  the  bath.  The  fprings  rife  here  fo  hot  that  you 
cannot  bear  to  put  your  foot  upon  them:  the  water  is  of  a  grcen- 
ifli  colour,  has  no  ill  fmell,  and  an  agreeable  tafte  after  the  lirft 
drinking,  is  diuretic,  and  very  comfortable  to  the  ftomach. 
Perfons  afflidfed  with  pains  or  lameneis  ufually  have  the  part 
pumped  upon  here,  and  the  walls  are  hung  with  crutches  left 
as  monuments  of  fo  many  recoveries.  Out  of  this  you  pafs 
into  the  Queen's  bath,  which  is  of  the  fame  form,  but  lefs. 
Befldes  thefe  we  faw  two  others,  the  Hot  bath,  and  the  Lepers', 
contiguous  to  it.  There  are  fome  certain  days,  on  which  the 
poor  country  people  and  the  colliers  have  the  privilege  of  bathing, 
and  changing  the  water  into  a  fal)lc  comj)lexion. 

The  Abbey-church*  here  is  a  neat  and  magnificent  ftru6ture, 
ill  the  Gothic  tafte,  enlightened  with  very  large  windows.  The  Abbey. 
weft  end  or  front  is  full  of  old  carved  work.  On  each  fide  of  the 
great  weft  window  is  a  rej^refentation  of  Jacob's  ladder,  with  vaft 
angels  afcending  and  defcending,  who  by  their  ftrength  have  bid 
defiance  to  the  ravenous  jaws  of  old  Time.  There  are  fome 
ancient  monuments  in  it ;  but  the  choir  is  but  meaUj  and  em- 
barraflTed  with  pews.  At  the  eaft  end  of  the  abbey  are  the  groves, 
planted  with  rows  of  trees:  here  the  company  ufually  meet,  and 
in  the  adjoining  gravelled  walk  are  the  raffling-lhops,  with  a 
bowling-green  behind  them  From  the  groves  and  walk  you 
have  a  pleafant  profpedl  of  the  river  and  adjacent  hills.  The 
city  is  but  of  fmall  circumference,  it  may  be  about  a  mile  and  a 
half;  it  has  but  one  parilli  church  befides  the  abbey,  but  is  graced 
with  many  new  buildings :  I  obferved  one  belonging  to  a  citizen, 
the  front  of  which  houfe  was  adorned  with  four  orders  of  pi- 
lafters,  one  in  each  ftory,  viz.  the  Doric,  Ionic,  Corinthian,  and 
Compofite,  with  a  handfome  baluftrade,   all  of  ftone ;  the  win- 

*  A  fine  Weft  view  of  this  Chiirch  was  publiflied  fome  years  ago  by  W.  Williams,  i 

dows 


23 


S4  M  R.    S.    G  A  L  E  'S    T  O  U  R    T  H  R  O  IT  G  H 

dows  were  falhed,  and  the  mouldings  very  neat,  and  proportion- 
able to  the  ftrutfture:    1    never    faw  any   private   building   that 
pleafed  me  more  than  this,  it  being  exactly  regular,   aiid  llriking 
the  beholder  with  an  agreeable  grandeur. 
Thejtic.  The  Bathonians  have  a  new^  Theatre  for  plays*;   over  the  door 

is  this  infcription  in  golden  letters, 

PLAYS    ARE    LIKE    MIRRORS,    MADE    FOR    MEN    TO    SEE, 
HOW    BAD    THEY     ARE,    HOW    GOOD    THEY    OUGHT    TO    BE. 

About  a  mile  from  the  city,    up  the  river,    is  a  mill  for  the 
more  expeditious  working  of  copper. 

Copper-mill.  Leaving  Bath  in  the  afternoon,  we  lay  that  night  at  War- 
minfter  :  the  next  day  we  took  a  tour  from  hence  into  Salifbury- 
plain,  to  vilit  Stone-henge,  one  of  the  moft  remarkable  antiqui- 
ties in  England. 

Stone-henge.  jj-  jg  a  furpriziug  uHuniform  ftruilure,  and  even  at  a  diftance 
ftrikes  the  fpeftator  with  an  awful  idea.  Its  fituation  is  on  aa 
imperceptible  rifmg  ground  in  the  plain,  about  feven  miles  to  the 
north  of  New  Sarum.  It  appears  by  the  ruins  to  have  defcribed 
four  circles  of  greyifli  ftones,  one  within  the  other,  rendered  of  that 
complexion  by  age  and  weather  ;  a  fragment  of  which  I  have  feen 
cut  off  and  polilhed,  which  then  very  much  refembled  a  very  hard 
marble  called  Verd  Antique.  The  ftones  were  originally  cut  by 
the  chifel  into  fruftrums  of  pyramids,  as  appears  by  their  bafes 
under  the  furface  of  the  earth,  which  bafes  are  regularly  placed 
upon  a  foundation  of  chalk  and  flint,  cemented  diftinitly  to 
each  ftone  or  pyramid,  and  are  built  upright.  Some  of  them 
are  about  28  feet  high  and  10  feet  broad.  The  diftance 
between  each  is  about  four  feet.  The  outermoft  or  firft  circle 
is  much  higher  than  the  fecond,  the  third  highelt,  and  the 
fourth  or  innermoft  the  loweft.     Upon  the  upright  ftones  of  the 

*  la  this  theatre,  Mrs.  Centlivre's  "  Love  at  a  Venture"  was  firft  afted,  by  the  duke  of  Graf- 
ton's fervants,  in  1706.  The  claim  of  the  nobility  to  proteft  players  was  then  acknowledged. 

two 


SEVERAL    PARTS     OF    ENGLAND.  25 

two  higher  circles,  are  fevcral  other  great  ftones  laid  over  them 
like  architraves,  and  are  faftened  to  the  Aipporters  by  mortices 
and  teiions:  fiK  now  only  remain  on  the  outermoll:  circle,  an<l 
three  on  the  third;  the  relt  being  thrown  down  by  time, 
M'hich  has  made  Inch  a  confufed  ruin,  tliat  it  is  very  difficult  to 
form  a  true  judgment  of  its  lirlt  lliape  and  regular  fcheme.  }3ut 
1  will  venture  to  aflert,  that  the  third  or  higheil:  circle,  as  it  is 
generally  called,  falls  into  no  other  plan  but  a  pentagon ; 
though  the  great  Jones  lays  it  down  as  a  hexagon,  which  figure  it 
is  impoffible  it  could  ever  form,  as  can  be  demonftrated  from 
all  the  remaining  Hones.  Round  the  whole  building  is  a  fmall 
trench  dug,  and  near  it  feveral  human  and  horfe  bones  have 
been  found,  dug  out  from  under  fmall  tumuli.  The  literati  are 
ftill  in  fufpenfe  as  to  the  origin:  fome  writers  will  have  Stone- 
henge  to  be  a  Roman  work;  Inigo  Jones  endeavours,  in  his  book 
called  *'  Stone-henge  Reftored,"  to  prove  it  a  temple  dedicated  by 
them  to  the  god  Coelum :  for  which  he  alledges  the  order  and 
fcheme  of  the  building,  confifting  of  four  equilateral  triangles 
infcribed  in  a  circle,  with  a  double  portico :  a  fcheme  much  ufed 
by  the  Romans.      But  this  has  been  refuted. 

Mr.  Aubrey  is  of  opinion  that  it  was  a  temple  of  the  Druids, 
before  the  Romans  entered  Britain  ;  that  it  was  a  monument  built 
by  the  old  inhabitants  of  the  ifle :  fome  that  it  was  a  monument 
built  by  the  Britons  in  memory  of  their  queen  Boadicen;  others 
that  it  was  the  fepulchre  of  Uther  Pendragon,  Conftantine,  Aure- 
lius,  Ambrofms,  and  other  Britifli  kings;  others  that  it  was  a 
monument  erected  by  Ambrofius,  in  memory  of  the  Britons  here 
treacheroufly  (lain  by  the  Saxons  at  a  treaty.  To  this  laft  opinion 
I  (hould  rather  adhere,  being  induced  thereto  from  the  name  of 
Ambrofius  ftill  retained  in  the  neighbouring  town  of  Ambref- 
bury,  once  celebrated  for  its  famous  monaftery  of  300  monks, 
founded  here  by  this  very  Ambrofius,  on  condition  that  they 

E  ftiouid 


Wilton. 


26  M  R.    S.     GALE'S     TOUR     T  H  R  O  U  G  H 

flioukl  pray  ibr  the  fculs  of  thofe  that  were  llain  by  the  treachery 
©f  Hengift  the  Saxon.      1  think  we  have  iome  reafon  to   believe- 
him  the  founder  of  one  as  well  as  the  other;    and  from  the  rude— 
nefs  and  barbarity  of  the  ftrudtiire,   I  conclude  it  to  be  a  Britilli 
monument,  the  Romans   always  leaving  indifputabk   marks   of 
their  grandeur,  elegance,  and  pixrticular  genius,   of  any  of  whicli 
our  Stone- henge  has  not  the  lead  refemblance  ;.  nor    was  ever 
any  infcription  found  hereabouts,  to  give  it  a  relation   to   thofe- 
auguft  conquerors  ;   nor  indeed  could    I    ever   find    that    any    of 
their  coins  were  ever  dug  up  in  or  near  this  Ifruifure. 

From-  hence  we  rode  to  Wilton,,  a  town  much  decayed  in  its 
trade  of  woollen   manufailures,.  for  which  it  was  once  famous. 
To  this  alfo  the  turning  of  the  great  wellern  road,  which  pafTed 
through    it,   but  now    through    Salifbury,.  did    not  a  little  con- 
Lara  Pern-     tribute.      It  is  now  made  more  famous   by  the  m.agnificent  pa- 
ci,pad  ■  ^^^^  QjT  |.|-^g  g^j,|  Q^  Pembroke.      The  old  houfe  was  built  out  of 

the  ruins  of  the  fuppreffed  abbey  founded  here  by  king  Edgar^. 
about  the  y^ar  794.  It  is  built  of.ftone,  and  makes  three  lides 
of  a  fquare,  and  owes  its  prefent  grandeur  and  beauty  to  the 
alterations  of  the  great  Inigo  Jones.  The  houfe  is  nobly  fur- 
uiflied  within,  and  decorated  with  a  vafl  collection  of  fine  pi6lures - 
cf.  the  greateft  hands,  both  antient  and  modern ;  and  I  have 
been  told,  that  there  is  an  original. of  idmoll  every; great  mafler. 
In  the  grdat  flate-room:  there  is  a  vaft  fam.ily-piece  of  the  Pem- 
brokes,  which  covers  the.  end  of  the  apartment,  and  contains 
thirteen  perfons,  as  big  as  the  life,  befides  a  great  mafliff,  the 
work  of  Van  Dyck.  It  may  juftly  be  efteemed  not  only  the  moft 
capital  piece  of  Van  Dyck,.  but  of  all  England,  and  is  valued  at 
3000/.  if  fach  a  curiofity  can  be  really  valued*.  The  different 
rooms  are  glorioufly  embelliflied  with  a  multitude  of  marble 
burtos  and  whole  flatues,  the  works  of  the  antient  Greeks  and 
Eomans.      Ujpon  the  mount  above  the  garden  is  a  fine  column 

*  It  was  engraved  by  B.  Earon,   1740. 

of 


VI<iUll.p-.7 


fciS.  \^.A. 


O 


c 


c 


c 


SEVERAL    PARTS    OF     ENGLAND. 


27 


■of  -JEgypViZn  granite,  on  which  there  is  a  ilatue  of  Venns, 
The  gardens  are  plain,  but  have  a  r.iver  running  crofs  them; 
and  we  faw  a  line  grotto^  hned  with  marble,  and  fet  off  with 
cohimns  of  the  fame,  in  which  are  tlie  v/ater- works,  which 
play  in  various  ligures.  Tiie  avenue  to  the  front  of  this 
charming  palace  is  waflied  by  a  fine  canal,  .about  half  a  niile 
long  :  indeed,  the  whole  fcite  befpeaks  the  greatnefs  of  its  pre- 
fent  owner  and  improver  Thomas  earl  of  Pembroke,  anno  1730. 
I  fliall  only  add,  that  his  lordfliip  has,  befide  all  thefe,  a  moft 
valuable  treafure  of  /Egyptian,  Greek,  and  Roman  medals,  dif- 
pofed  in  a  molf  regular  and  hitforical  order  '■■ ;  and  there  are  but 
few  fovereigns  that  can  fliew  a  finer.  The  whole  palace  is 
adorned  with  beautiful  gardens  t,  inlaid  with  parterres  and  gravel- 
walks,  feveral  canals,  and  a  fine  park  behind. 

Leaving  Wilton,  we  arrived  about  noon  at  Salifbury,  having 
vifited  in  our  way  from  Stone-henge  thq  ruins  of  Old  Sarum, 
the  Sorb'wdonum  of  the  Romans.  The  area  of  this  antient  ?crbiodor,um. 
city  is  fituated  upon  a  very  high  hiJi  railed  by  art,  and  en- 
compaffed  with  three  vafi:  ramparts,  and  as  many  ditches,  and 
only  one  entrance  to  it.  The  city  was  fortified  with  a  ftrong 
iVone-wall,  near  three  yards  thick,  the  ruins  of  which  in  many 
places  in  the  circumference  [plate  I.  fig.  5.]  are  flill  to  be  feen  ; 
and  the  tracks  of  the  ftreetSj  and  the  old  cathedral  church,  may 
be  traced  out  by  the  different  colour  of  the  corn  now  growing 
where  the  city  once  ^Qo^.—Seges  ejl  ubi  'troja  futt. 

It  fell  to  decay  by  the  removal  of  the  epifcopal  fee  from  hence 
to  New  Sarum,  the  pre.fent  Salifbury,  in  the  pontificate  of  Her- 
inannus,  the   laft   bifliop  of  Wilton,    A.  D.  1045. 

In  plate  II.  A,  reprefents  New  Sarum.  B,  Old  Sarum,  about 
.one  mile     and    a    half    from    New    Sarum.      C,    a   fquare   in- 

*   Thefe  were  all  eagraved  at  his  lopdlhip's  expence,  in  2  volumes  410.   1746. 
f  Vieus  of  thele  gardens,   dedicated  to  Philip  Earl  of    Pembroke,  were   long  fmce  etigraved 
in  26  folio  plates  by  Ifaac  De  Caiix  a  foreigner. 

E   2  trenchment 


■8. 


r;r r.    s.    g  a  l  e "s   to  u  r   through 


New  Sasjuini. 


Cathedral.. 


frenchment  about  two  railes  north  of  Old  Sariim.  D,  a  crr- 
cuhir  entrencbmcnty  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  Stone-henge^ 
E,  Stone-heiigc.  F>  burrows  or  tumuli,  in  number  42,  which 
appear  for  two  miles  in  extent  fouthwards  of  Stone-henge,  and 
nine  or  ten  miles  eaihvard,  and  in  the  total  are  not  lefs  than 
20.0,  a  dcmonflration  of  the  greatnefs  of  the  arm}^  as  well  as 
of  the  vaft  llaughter.  Mr.  Berjew,  miniftcr  of  Pentridge,  has 
dug  into  leveral  of  them,  and  taken  up  Roman  urns  and  many- 
coins,  and  feveral  fpurs  have  been  found.  G,.  a  long  entrench- 
ment, 2  miles  dittant  from  Stone-henge-  H,,  Salifbury-plain. 
1.  Campus  Martis». 

Salifbury  is  built  in  a  pleafant  valley,,  a  rivulet  running, 
through  every  ftrect.  The  town  is  but  ill  built,  chiefly  of 
timber  and  plaiiler-work,  poor  and  thinly  inhabited.  They 
have  a  very  large  fquare  market-place,  in  which,  ifands  the 
council- houfe,  a  timber  edifice. 

The  chief  ornament  of  this  city  is  the  cathedral  church  *•',  of 
all  the  Gothic  temples  in  England  the  moft  uniform  and  re- 
gular, as  well  as  magnificent..  It  was  begun  by  Richard  Poor,, 
bifhop  of  Sahfbury,  finiflied  in  43  years,  and  dedicated,  anno 
1258,  in  prefence  of  king  Henry  III.  at  the  expence  of  42,000 
marks.  It  is  built  in  form  of  a  crofs,  and  is  adorned  at  the 
weft  front  with  two  neat  pyramidal  fteeples  ;  but  the  grand: 
pyramid  fpring-s  from  a  neat  fquare  tower  in  the  middle  of  the 
fabric  fupported  by  four  fmall  pillars,  and  their  arches,  60; 
feet  high,  and  the  fquare  tower,  the  bafis  of  the  pyramid,  but 
nine  inches  thick:  the  whole  height  of  the  tower  and  pyramid! 
from  the  ground  is  410  feet.  The  church  within  is  adorned 
with  a  great  number  of  fmall  marble  columns,  of  a  greyifh 
mixture,  fuch  as  adorn  many  of  our  facred  edifices,  and  feem  to 
be  of  SuflTex  marble.  I  am  not  in  the  leaft  of  their  opinion,, 
who  would  have  it  to  be  artificial    ftone,  and  caft  in   a  mould.. 

•  A  view  of  this  ftately  fabrick  is  engraven  by  J.  Collins  in  four  large  plates. 

It 


SEVERAL    PARTS     OF    ENGLAND. 

It  has  many  fpacious  windows  ;   and  the  vault,   which  is  all   of 
flone,  is  neatly  painted  and  carved  in  the  Gothic  tall;e. 

At  the   north-weft  end  ot"  the  nave  or  body  of  the   church, 
under  one  of  the  great  arches,   I  oblerved    a  very  curious   and 
ancient  monument  of  ftone,  railed  a  little  above  the  pavement, 
and  defended    by    a  grate  of  iron:   it    is   of  the  Epifcopus   P^<f- Boy Bifl>op, 
erorunij   or   boy  bifliop,    in    his  pontificalibus,  and    cut  in  alto 
relievo.      It  relates  to   a   particular  ceremony,    or  cuftom,   ufed 
in  this   church  before  the  Reformation  j  a  lliccindl  account  of 
which  you  have,   as  alfo  a  draught  of  the  tomb,  in  the  learned 
Gregory's    Fofthumous  Works,  to  which  I  refer.      There  is  no 
infcription  upon  it,   but  the  plain  characfter  of  antiquity. 

The  choir  is  fpacious,  regular,  and  beautiful,  and  lately  new- 
built.  Over  the  great  door  there  is  a  great  organ,  the  pipes- 
covered  with  gold,  and  the  cafe  of  wainfcot,  finely  carved. 
The  ftalls  are  decently  painted  and  gilt.  We  faw  the  bifliop  in 
his  throne  at  divine  fervice,  the  learned  Gilbert  Burnet,  known 
to  the  literati  by  his  travels,  writings,  and  other  accomplifliments. 
The  frontifpiece  of  the  altar  is  hung  with  crimfon  velvet, 
fringed  with  gold,   and  the  antipendium  is  of  the  fame. 

This  fabric,  as  is  generally  known,  has  as  many  windows  as 
there  are  days  in  the  year,  as  many  pillars  and  pilafters  as  there 
are  hours,  and  as  many  gates  as  months ;  upon  which,  take 
the  following  Latin  ftrains  of  the  learned  Daniel  Rogers,  as 
quoted  by  Camden,  in  his  Britannia: 

Mira  canam  ;  foles  qiiot  continet  anjiiis  in  una 

'Tarn  munerofa  ferunt  ades  feneftra  micat ; 
Marmoreafque  capit  fufas  tot  ab  arte  columnas 

Comprenfas  boras  quot  vagus  annus  habet ;. 
I'oique  patent  porice  quot  menfibus  annus  abundat  \ 
Res  mira  at  vera  res  celebrata  Jide, 

On 


29 


30  M  R.     S.     G  A  L  E  '  S     T  O  U  R     T  11  R  O  U  G  H 

On  the  Ibuth-fide  is  a  noble  cloifter  of  ftone,  Co  feet  f(]iiarc; 
over  the  eaft  fide  of  the  fquare  cloifter  is  the  hbrary,  r.nd  be- 
hind that  the  chapter-honfe,  an  o£lagon,  50  feet  diameter. 
The  roof  is  arched  over,  and  fupported  by  a  fmall  pillar  in  the 
centre.  The  nave  of  the  church  is  45  feet  long  from  out  to 
out,  and  80  feet  high ;  the  fide-ailes  in  height  and  bx^eadth  half 
of  the  nave. 

The  whole  'length  is  400  feet,  and  88  feet  high,  on  the 
outlide  to  the  battlements,  and  116  to  the  top  of  the  roof. 
At  the  eaft-end  of  the  choir  is  a  chapel  66  feet  long,  which, 
added  to  the  length  of  the  church  and  buttreffes,  malye  the 
whole  length   478   feet. 

On  the  north-w^eft  fide  of  the  church  is  a  large  fquare 
tower,  ilanding  in  the  cemetery,  in  which  the  bells  are  hung; 
I  imagine,  to  prevent  any  detriment  to  the  elegant  fabric  of  the 
church  by  their  extraordinary  motion. 

On  the  fouth-eaft  lide  ftands  the  epifcopal  palace,  an  ancient 
and  large  building.  The  clofe  adjoining  to  the  cathedral  is  very 
pleafant,  and  the  dignitaries,  clergy,  and  gentry,  chiefly  inhabit 
it.  As  you  enter  the  clofe,  there  is  a  neat  college  for  the 
reception  and  fupport  of  ten  poor  clergymens  widows,  founded 
by  Dr.  Seth  Ward,  late  bifliop  of  this  fee  *. 
Rumfey.  We    reached   Rumfey  this  night    about    eleven.      This  is  ^ 

market-town  in  Hampfiiire,  fituate  on  the  river  Teffe,  1 2  miles 
from  Sarum. 
Southampton.  q^^  ^^^q  17th,  wc  camc  in  the  morning  from  Rumfey  to 
Southampton.  This  is  a  very  antient  port,  and  liands  upon  the 
fouth  fide  of  an  arm  of  the  fea,  the  entrance  of  which  on  each 
fide  is  defended  by  a  caftle,  St.  Andrew's  on  the  fouth,  and 
Callhot  on  the  north.  The  town  is  now  much  fallen  from  its 
former  grandeur,  both  as  to  the  number  of  its  inhabitants  and 
houfes,   which  once  belonged  to  merchants,   but  are  now  drop- 

*  From  1667  to  1689. —  The  college  is  particularly  defcribed  in  Dr.  Walter  Pope's   "  Life  of 
^iRiop  Ward,  1697,"  8vo.  p.  y ) — 81. 

3  Pi"S 


SEVERAL     PARTS     OF    ENGLAND.  31 

ping  down,  occafioned  by  the  lo!s  of  its  trade.  Some  of  the 
ftreets  are  very  fpacious,  and  there  are  about  four  churches 
remaining.  When  we  were  here  we  obferved  the  prifons  were 
full   of  French  failors. 

The  town  is  furrounded  with  an  old  ruinous  wall,  and  has 
a  caitle  with  about  fix  pieces  of  cannon  on  the  fliore  before  it,, 
and  on   the  weft  fide  it  is  watered  by  tl;!e  river  Itchin. 

Leaving  this  place,   we  palFed  by   Titchfield^  where  was  for- TitciifidJ. 
merly  a  fmall  monallery,'  built  by  Peter  de  Rupibus,  bifliop  of 
Winton  •-•■:  it  is  now  the  feat  of  the  lord  Woodftock,  and  formerly 
belonged  to  the  earls  of  Southampton. 

We  came  this  night  to  Golport,  and  took  up  our  quarters  at  cofprm 
the  Three  Tuns,  a  very  civil  houfe.  This  place  is  fituated  ex- 
aiftly  over  againft  Portfmouth  ;  the  haven  running  farther  up 
inta  the  country  between  them..  It  is  very  populous  in  time 
of  war,  and  chiefly  inhabited  by  mariners.  It  is  defended  by  a 
ditch  which  furroiinds  it,  over  which,  there  is  a  drawbridge  from 
the  country :  the  fea  .flows  into  it  when  the  tide  rifes  ;  and  be- 
hind the  ditch  it  has  a  ftrong  ramparfof  earth,  planted  with 
cannon,  except  that  fide  to  the  haven,  where  there  is  a  caftle 
that  commands  the  pafi^age  over. 

Being  very  ill,  I  retired  early  to  reft,  leaving  the  Count,  the 
Marcjuis,  and  th-e  Squire,  to  regale  themfclves  with  a  red-her- 
rinp-  and  a  bottle  of  claret. 

The  next  morning  being,  the  1,8th,.  we  all  ferried  over  to  Portfmouih. 
Portfmouth ;  and  fooii  after  our  landing,  we  accidentally  met 
with  the  boatfwain  of  the  Chefter,  a  fourth-rate  fliip,  captain 
Balfam  commander,  lying  at  Portfmouth  to  be  refitted.  He  had 
formerly  been  a  fervant  in  the  Squire's  family,  and  accofted  us 
very  candidly,  profering  us  his  fervice  to  wait  upon  lis,  and 
jQiew  us  the  town  and  garrifon  ;   but    being  near   dinner-time, 

*  From  ii04  to  1238  j  he  was  alfo  lord  chkf  juflice. 


32  MU.    S.    GALE'S    TOUR    THROUGH 

we  deferred  our  curiofity  till  afternoon,  and  entertained  our- 
ielves  with  extraordinary  good  lobfters,  which  are  here  plenrii'ul, 
and  are  Ibid  for  fix-pence  per  pound.  After  two  or  three 
hours  refrcfhment,  we  went  with  our  guide  (for  fo  I  call  the 
boatfvvain)  to  view  the  garrifon  and  fortifications.  After  we 
had  palFcd  the  main-guard  we  alcended  the  rampart  fronting 
the  deputy  governor's  quarters.  We  were  very  curious  in  ob- 
ferving  the  fortifications,  the  "ditches,  and  fituation  of  the  place, 
and  having  our  pocket-maps  out,  we  were  all  as  bufy  as  if  we 
had  been  taking  a  plan  of  the  works.  Our  guide  too,  that  we 
might  want  no  manner  of  information,  was  very  particular  in 
pointing  with  his  cane  at  the  more  ditfant  obje(51:s.  The  governor 
all  this  while  was  litting  in  his  gallery  that  runs  before  his 
lodgings,  to  take  the  air,  and  viewed  us  very  attentively.  Oar 
habits,  I  believe,  did  not  a  little  increafe  his  fufpicion  ;  for  we 
were  in  our  boots  and  riding-garb.  The  Marquis  had  a  long 
black  natural  wig  on,  tied  up  with  a  black  ribband,  and  had 
much  of  the  air  of  a  French  cavalier;  the  Count,  the  Squire, 
and  myfelf,  had  blue  coats,  and  any  one  might  have  taken  our 
guide  for  a  Camifar.  In  fhort,  he  took  us  for  fpies  and  French, 
as  we  unexpedfedly  found  in  the  midft  of  our  obfervations. 
A  centinel  came  to  us  with  a  meffage  from  the  governor,  who 
told  us  very  civilly  that  he  defired  to  fpeak  with  us.  We  were 
at  firll  a  little  furprized ;  but  I  could  fcarce  hold  from  laughing 
at  the  luddennefs  of  the  adventure,  and  how  we  looked  at 
one  another.  However  down  we  came,  and  put  on  as  demure 
a  face  as  we  could.  We  were  examined  very  ftricTtly ;  and 
Johnny  Gibfon  feemed  very  angry,  that  we  fliould  enter  his 
garrifon,  without  leave  firft  obtained.  We  pleaded  ovir  ignorance, 
and  alked  his  pardon  for  our  rudenefs ;  but  this  did  not  fatisfy 
him.  He  told  us,  he  did  not  know  who  we  were ;  and  that 
our   guide  might  be  as  good  an  engineer  and  mathematician 

as 


SEVERAL     PARTS     OFENGLAND.  33 

US  any  in  the  garrifon  ;  that  he  would  fecure  him,  and  make 
him  give  an  account  of  us.  So  we  were  difrailled,  and  our 
honeft  boatfwain  was  carried  to  the  mainguard  by  a  file  of 
niufk.eteers,  there  to  remain  till  farther  examination. 

We  were  all  much  concerned  for  our  guide ;   and  the    next 
courle  we  took  was  to  get  his  releafe.      Accordingly  we  enquired 
out  the  commander  of  his  fliip,  captain  Balfam,  whom  we  very 
happily  found  at  his  lodgings.      We   made  our  addrefs  to  him, 
telling  him  the  matter,   and  deliring  his  interell  to  get  the  pri- 
foner  releafed.       He    received   us    with  great   civility,   and  ex- 
preffed    lb    much   fweetnefs    of    temper   and    complaifance,    as 
Ihewed  him  wholly  refined  from  that  unpolitenefs  which  ufually 
attends    gentlemen   converfant  with    the   turbulent  ocean.      Me 
went   with    us  to   the   governor's  ;  and,   after  letting  him  know 
that  he  was  one  of  the  officers  of  his  fliip,   and  afking  pardon 
for  him,   and    a   long   parley,   Sir  John  fent  a  difcharge  to  the 
captain  of  the  guard,   and  fent  by  a  foldier,   who  returned  with 
our  friend,  whom  we  received  with  no  fmall  fatisfaftion  ;   fear- 
ing letl  this  accident  might  have  put  us  to   more  trouble  and 
charge.      The  captain  took  his  leave  of  the  governor,  and  gave 
us  an  invitation    to   his  lodging.      We    waited  on  him  thither, 
and  were  entertained  with  feveral  flalks  of  excellent  Florence. 
After  a  great  deal   of  merry  difcourfe,  and  feveral  healths,  we 
returned  the  captain  thanks  for  his  trouble    and    civility,    and 
delired  the  honour  of    his  company,  for    an   hour  or  two,  at 
what  tavern  he  pleafed.      We  adjourned  to  the  Bull-head,  where 
we  returned  his  compliment  with   very  good  Vvine,  and  part  of 
a  cold  furloin ;  and    after  ufual  merriment,  and  mutual  rcfpe^flrs, 
we  took  our  leave  of  the  noble  captain. 

Portfmouth   is  ellieemed   one    of    the    ftrongeft  fea-ports    in  ''""fmouth. 
England,  whether  we  confider  its  fituation,  or  the  entrance  to 
it  from  the  lea,  which  is  well  defended  by  South  fea  cnftle,  upon 

F  the 


I\l  R.     S.     GALE'S     TOUR    THROUGH 

the  adjacent  fliore  eaftward,  all  fliips,  by  reafon  of  fands,  being 
obliged  to  pafs  under  the  cannon  of  the  caftle,  with  which  it  is 
well  provided;  and  Bury  Caftle,  not  very  far  from  hence,  is 
another  addition  to  its  ib'ength.  Befides  thefe  two  caftles,  there 
is  a  block-houfe  upon  the  oppolite  point  to  Portlmouth,  that 
commands  the  harbour,  and  has  90  guns  mounted.  The 
town  and  garrifon  ftand  almoft  upon  the  fouth  point  of  Portfey 
Ifland,  and  have  communication  with  Hampfliire  northward  by  a 
bridge.  The  garrifon  is  ftrongeft  towards  the  fea,  where  there 
is  a  large  platform,  planted  with  brafs  cannon  ;  on  each  fide 
of  which  is  a  long  gallery,  each  having  two  tier  of  great  guns, 
and  that  which  runs  towards  the  town  has,  at  the  end  of  it,  a 
round  tower  with  guns  mounted.  It  is  lurrounded  with  three 
deep  and  broad  ditches,  with  ramparts  of  earth  between  them, 
and  has  three  gates  all  fecured  with  drawbridges,  and  the 
fliore  all  along  by  the  town  (which  lies  behind  the  garrifon)  is 
planted  with  cannon,  which  renders  the  place  very  flrong  ; 
though  it  mud  be  confelTed,  the  fortifications,  when  we  were 
there,  feemed  neglected,  and  much  out  of  repair  ;  the  pali- 
fadoes  in  feveral  places  being  fallen  into  the  ditch,  and  many 
of  the  embrafures  broke  down,  and  others  filled  up  with  dirt. 
A  little  diftance  from  the  town,  farther  up  the  haven,  are  the 
large  and  convenient  ftore-houfes  for  the  royal  navy,  with  the 
rope-houfes,  of  a  great  length  ;  and  next  to  thefe  we  faw  the 
docks,  the  fineft  in  England  :  two  of  them  are  entirely  built 
of  ftone,  with  fteps  to  defcend  by  from  the  top  to  the  bottom, 
and  are  large  enough  to  hold  a  firft-rate  fiiip ;  each  of  thefe 
has  a  bafon  to  it.  There  is  another  dock,  which  they  call  a 
flip.  There  are  many  noble  contrivances  of  fluices  and 
pumps,  for  Ictting-in  and  emptying  the  water  out  of  one  bafon 
into  another,  managed  by  horfes.  Between  the  ftore-houfes 
and    the    town,    there   is    to  be    a  large  gun-wharf  built  into 

the 


SEVERAL    PARTS    OF    ENGLAND. 

the  haven,  for  the  more  convenient  and  fpeedy  fliipping  them 
on  board.  The  government,  towards  this  great  work,  has  or- 
dered 300 ol.  which  when  finillied  will  make  this  the  moft 
commodious  port  for  fitting  out  a  fleet  with  the  gieateft  ex- 
pedition. We  were  told,  that  about  the  town  and  garrifon,  with 
all  the  forts,  and  Bury-caille,  there  are  reckoned  to  be  mounted 
500  guns. 

The  night  now  approaching  put  us  in  mind  of  retiring  tocoffoit. 
Gofport,  where  fafely  arriving,  by  the  affiftance  of  the  moon, 
we  held  a  confultation  concerning  the  further  progrefs  of  our 
tour.  The  Count  and  the  'Squire  declared  they  could  not  bear 
the  Marquis's  expences  any  fiTrther,  they  intending,  after  their 
arrival  at  London,  to  fee  Tunbridge  in  Kent.  I  pretended  I 
had  but  enough  to  carry  me  to  London  :  indeed  I  had  fo 
much,  but  I  mull  have  left  Viatorio  behind,  which  I  could  by 
no  means  reconcile  myfelf  to ;  though,  I  think,  he  merited 
httle  other  treatment  :  befides,  he  relied  vf holly  upon  my  affift- 
ance. At  laft,  it  was  refolved  to  fend  the  Marquis  up  poft  to 
London.  The  next  day,  thofe  who  were  able  contributed ; 
after  which,  we  adjourned  to  our  apartments.  I  did  not  fleep 
very  well  this  night,  revolving  with  myfelf  how  to  get  fupplies 
for  Viatorio  and  myfelf.  I  thought  no  way  better  than  by 
fending  a  letter  to  a  friend  of  mine  at  London  by  the  Marquis, 
who  was  alfo  acquainted  with  him,  and  to  ftay  here  till  I  re- 
ceived the  delired  anfwer.  After  this,  I  was  fomewhat  eafier 
in  my  mind,  Viatorio  all  this  while  putting  on  his.  ufual  air  of 
unconcernednefs. 

The  19th,  I  got  up,  and  wrote  a  letter  to  Clementio  at 
London,  unknown  to  the  Count  or  Squire,  which  I  delivered 
privately  to  the  Marquis,  he  promifing  to  deliver  it  as  foon  as 
he  arrived.  The  letter  informed  him  of  our  neceffity,  and 
defired  him  to  fend  a  few  guineas  inclofed,  direfted  to  Mr.  flar- 

F    2  wood 


35 


36 


M  R.     S.     GALE'S     T  O  U  R    T  il  ROUGH 

wood  in  Portimourh.  By  this  time,  the  Count  and  Squire  had 
left  their  dormitory,  intending  to  fet  forward  on  their  journey 
this  morning,  and  ordered  their  horfes  to  be  got  ready.  Viatorio 
was  all  this  while. by  himfelf,  ruminating  upon  his  fellow- 
travellers'  former  and  prefent  carriage  to  him,  whom  he  thought 
able  to  affift  him,  infomuch  that  he  would  not  come  into  the 
yard  to  take  his  leave  of  them.  At  length,  by  my  entreaty, 
he  performed  that  ceremony.  Tliey  being  by  this  time,  which 
was  about  nine  o'clock,  mounted,  and  taking  a  parting  glafs 
together,  they  rid  off,  with  our  hearty  wiflies  for  their  good 
journey.  About  ten,  Viatorio  and  I  accompanied  the  Marquis 
over  to  Portfmouth,  and,  after  a  little  refrefliment,  and  our 
repeated  charge  about  the  letter,  at  twelve  he  took  poft  for  Lon- 
don, leaving  us  not  a  little  dejecSted  for  the  lofs  of  his  company. 
Viatorio  and  my felf  being  thus  left  at  Portfmouth  till  remit- 
tances arrived  from  London,  which  we  could  not  expert  in  lefs 
than  two  or  three  days;  we  were  refolved  to  manage  our  time,  and 
the  little  money  left,  to  the  heft  advantage.  Accordingly  we 
determined  to  fee  the  Ifle  of  Wight  on  the  next  day,  ferrying 
over  twice  a  day  from  Gofport  to  Portfmouth^  where  we  had 
nothing  to  do,  but  pretend  bulinefs,  and  drink  a  difli  of  coifee, 
which  began  to  be  very  ungrateful.  We  never  had  any 
dinner  fmcc  the  lobfters  on  the  i8th  till  the  24th,  which  was 
at  Petworth.  Our  cuftom  was,  every  night  when  we  came  to 
Gofport,  to  call  for  a  plate  of  bread  and  butter,  and  a  cool 
tankard  ;  our  landlord,  no  doubt,  thinking  we  dined  every  day 
plentifully  at  Portfmouth.  Every  morning  we  ufed  to  have 
the  fame  for  breakfaft,  with  a  pot  of  excellent  bohea-tea.  Our 
horfes  all  this  while  fared  better  than  ourfelves  ;  for  they  were 
our  fecurity.  We  commonly  talked  Latin  in  our  chamber.  The 
people  ufed  to  liften  to  our  difcourfe,  always  wondering  we 
had  fuch  continual  bulinefs  ;  and  could  never  tell  what  to  make 

of 


SEVERAL    PARTS     OF    ENGLAND.  37 

of  us.      We  put  on  thofe  airs,  that  we  might  not  in  the  Icafl: 
difcover  our  poverty,   or  increafe  our  expence. 

On  the  20th  about  noon,  we  failed  in  a  hoy  from  Portfmouth, 
and  in  three  hours  we  arrived  at  Weft  Cowes  in  the  Ifle  ofweftcowcs. 
Wight ;  over  againft  which  hes  Eaft  Cowes,  where  there  is  an 
ancient  caftle :  between  thefe  two  ports  an  arm  of  the  fea  runs 
up  to  Newport.  We  walked  hither  from  Eaft  Cowes,  it  being 
about  three  miles  diftant,  and  a  very  pleafant  journey.  It  is 
lituated  almoft  in  the  middle  of  the  ifland,  and  is  a  town  of  trade, 
fmall  veflels  coming  up  to  its  key  from  fea:  it  is  alfo  watered  by 
two  fmall  rivers.  The  houfes  are  irregular  and  ancient;  and,  I 
think,  there  is  but  one  church.  We  faw,  as  we  defcended  from 
the  foreft  to  the  town,  a  neat  bowling-green,  where  the  gentle- 
men of  the  town  were  at  their  diverfions. 

After  we  had  provided  our  quarters,  and  befpoken  a  moderate 
fupper,  we  made  an  excurfion  about  a  mile  to  the  right  to  Carif-  [;^i^l^''°*' 
brook-caftle.  It  is  built  vipon  a  very  high  hill  of  difficult  afcent : 
the  figure  of  it  is  fquare.  It  is  defended  by  two  ditches,  which 
encompafsit;  between  which  is  a  ftrong  rampart  of  earth,  faced 
withftone.  The  caftle  gate  is  fortified  with  a  portcullis,  a  draw- 
bridge, and  a  platform  on  each  fide  at  the  entrance  of  the  bridge; 
on  the  infide  the  caftle  wall  has  embralures  on  it  ;  and  oi\ 
three  of  the  angles  is  a  platform,  each  planted  with  fix  pieces  of 
cannon.  At  the  fourth  is  the  citadel,  towards  Newport,  built  very 
high,  with  a  very  narrow  afcent  of  fteps  to  it :  there  is  a  w'ell  in 
it  forty  fathom  deep.  In  the  caftle  yard  are  the  governor's  apart- 
ments, in  which  king  Charles  was  confined  in  the  late  civil  wars, 
but  they  are  now  all  in  ruins.  My  lord  Cutts  has  rebuilt  fome 
lodgings  for  himfelf  fince  his  refidence  here  as  governor  of  the 
ifland.  Oppofite  to  this  ftands  an  old  chapel  in  good  repair. 
There  is  alfo  another  deep  well  of  admirable  water,  for  the  ufe  of 
the  garrifon.      The  guns  were  almoft  all  difmountcd,   and  taken 

awuV 


38 


MR.     S.     GALE'S     TOUR     THROUGH 

away  by  Sir  Robert  Holmes,   governor  under  king  Charles  II.  fince 
which  it  has  been  left  defencelefs,  but  might  be  made  a  place  of 
good  ftrength.      We  had  from  hence  a  view  of  the  iiland,  which 
rifes  very  high   from   the  fea,    and  on   the   fouthward  towards 
France  is  inacceflible  by  reafon  of  its  prodigious  rocks.      It   has 
many  rivers  llocked  with  frefh  fifli;   it  abounds  fo  plentifully  with 
corn,  that  the  product  of  one  year  might  fupport  the  inhabitants 
eioht;   they  export  great  quantities  to  Portugal,  Scc.      The  place 
is  very  healthy:   a   woman   died  here  this   fummer  aged  112. 
Beinp-  by  this  time  pretty  well  fatigued  by  our  voyage  and  walk, 
we  returned  to  our  quarters,  where  we  feafted  on  a  dilli  of  beans, 
8ic.   and  fo   retired  to  bed.      The  21ft   we   left  Newport,    and 
walked  to  Eaft  Cowes,  where  we  went  on  board  with  feveral  fea 
officers,  and  arrived  at  Portfmouth  about  two  this  afternoon  ;  but, 
being  fick  of  the  place,  we  ferried  over,  and  retreated  to  a  bower 
naturally  formed  by  the  fhore,  oppofite  to  Portfmouth,  and  plea- 
fantly  ffiaded  by  the  impending  bufhes :   here  we   often  relided 
till  dufk  favoured   our  retreat  to  our  lodgings.     The  2  2d,  we 
ferried  over  again  about  ten  in  the  morning,  according  to  cuftom, 
expe6ting  to  find  Clementio's  packet.      We  enquired,   but,  alas! 
in  vain.      Upon  this,  we  marched  away  in  gloomy  lilence,  almoft 
in   defpair.     I  began    to   think    my    friend    was     not    fenfible 
of    our   neceffity,   and  that  he  negledfed   time    to    rel  eve   us. 
The    afternoon     we    fpent    in    the    fields,    much    upon    the 
fret,  and    refolved,    that    if  a   letter    did    not   arrive     on     the 
morrow,   one   only   muft  ferry  over  for  the  future  to  inquire, 
for  I  had  fcarce  left  fuiiicient  for  that  expence  four  times  more. 
At  evening  we  returned  to  Gofport.      The  23d,  between  hopes 
and  fears,  we  croffed  over  to  Portfmouth  about  noon ;   I  inquired 
at  Mr.  Harford's  for  a  letter,    which  I  found,    to   my  great   fatif- 
fa<5lion :   but  feeling  no  guineas  in  it,  I  was  a  little  furprized,   till 
1  had  opened  it,  when  I  found  a  bill  drawn  upon  the  perfon  I 

had 


SEVERAL     PARTS     OF    ENGLAND. 

Had  direitcd  it  to  be  left  with,  payable  at  fight,  which  he  did 
without  the  leall:  liefitation.  I  returned  immediately  to  the 
cofl'ee-houfe,  where  I  found  Viatorio.  He  was  extremely  joyful 
at  the  timely  arrival  of  thefe  recruits.  The  peo})le  of  the  houfe 
drefled  us  two  good  crab-fifli,  of  which  we  eat  halnly,  and  then 
bid  adieu  to  Portfmourh.  We  came  to  our  quarters  at  Gofport 
about  three  in  the  afternoon  ;  and  ordering  our  baggage  to  be 
put  up,  and  our  horfes  to  be  got  ready,  we  left  Gofport,  direding 
our  courfe  to  Farnham,  a  pretty  large  town,  where  the  arm  of 
the  fea  ends  that  runs  up  between  Portfmouth  and  Gofport.  From 
Portfea-down,  where  is  the  fineft  riding  imaginable,  we  had  a 
charming  profped:  of  the  harbour  and  fea  on  one  fide,  and  a  fine 
woody  country  on  the  other :  we  paffed  through  Havant,  a 
fmall  market  town,  and  from  thence  in  the  evening  reached 
Chichetler,  where  we  lay  this  night. 

-■  The  24th  in  the  morning,  we  took  a  hafty  view  of  this  place,  chichcdcr. 
Chichefter  *  is  a  very  ancient  city,  and  a  bilhop's  fee,  in  Suffex :  it 
is  watered  on  three  fides  with  the  river,  which  empties  itfelf 
about  ten  miles  from  hence  into  the  fea.  It  is  encompalTed  with 
good  walls,  in  which  are  four  gates,  that  lead  to  the  four  principal 
ftreets,  which  look  to  the  four  quarters  of  the  world,  and  run 
acrofs  in  the  middle,  where  the  market  is  kept.  This  place  is 
adorned  with  a  beautiful  piazza,  of  an  oiflangular  form  :  over 
that  arch,  which  fronts  the  Eaft-ftreet,  ftands  a  bull  of  Charles  T. 
in  brafs.  It  is  built  of  ftone,  and  fupported  with  Gothic  pillars 
after  the  Gothic  gulfo.  Robert  Read,  bifiiop  of  this  fee,  was  the 
founder.  There  are  feveral  neat  houfes,  and  five  parifii  churches, 
befides  the  cathedral,  which  is  a  very  regular  fi:rudf  ure,  not  large, 
beautiful  though  plain,  and  in  good  repair.  It  has  a  high  ftone 
fpire  in  the  middle,  and  is,  like  other  ancient  churches,  built  in 
form  of  a  crofs ;   the  choir  is  decently   painted   and   gilded  ;   on 

*  An  accurate  Plan  of  this  City,  with  the  fubiirbs  and  liberty  thereof,  was  engraven  by  Will 
Gardner,  1769  ;  alfo  a  Map  of  this  City,  with  aneall  view  of  the  Market-Crofs  and  the  fouth-well 
profpect  of  the  Cathedral,  is  engraven  by  T.  Yeakell  of  Goodwood.  A  view  of  the  Crofs  was 
engraven  by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  1743. 

7  each  ' 


39 


40 


MR.     S.    GALE'S     TOUR     THROUGH 


each  fule  of  the  altar  is  a  handfome  monument  of  white  marble 
to  the  memory  of  two  of  the  late  bifliops  of  this  church: 
that  on  the  north  fide  is  a  pyramid,  ftanding  upon  a  large  pe- 
deftal,  the  infcription  upon  a  fvvelling  torus  for  bifliop  Carleton  ; 
that  on  the  fouth  fide  an  urn  upon  a  high  pedeftal  for  bifliop 
King;.  The  fouth  part  of  the  crofs  nave  of  the  church  is 
adorned  with  the  hiltory  of  the  foundation,  and  the  heads  of 
kings  of  England,  and  of  all  the  bifliops  as  well  of  Selfey  as  of 
Chichefter,  from  whence  the  fee  was  tranilated.  This  painting 
was  done  at  the  charge  of  billiop  Shirburne.  On  the  fouth-weft 
fide  of  the  church  is  the  bifhop's  palace,  and  the  college  for  the 
dean  and  prebendaries ;  on  the  north  fide  Hands  a  large  fquare 
tower  of  ftone,  in  which  are  the  bells,  &c. 

Having  feen  Chichefter,  we  proceeded  this  morning,  and 
rctwoith.  about  noon  arrived  at  Petworth,  famous  for  a  feat  belonging  to 
the  duke  of  Somerfet,  where  his  grace  gave  king  Charles  III. 
of  Spain  a  noble  reception  and  entertainment.  The  houfe  at  a 
diftance  appears  very  magnificent;  but  the  nearer  v/e  approach, 
its  bcavity  rather  declines.  It  is  built  of  ftone.  The  figure  of  it 
is  oblong.  The  grand  front,  which  looks  towards  the  garden,  is 
320  odd  feet  in  length  :  it  has  a  proje6fion  in  the  middle,  and  a 
pavilion  at  each  end.  The  windows  are  placed  very  regular,  but 
fo  i^lain  as  to  want  an  ornamental  moulding;  nor  is  the  front  de- 
corated with  a  column  or  pilafter,  neither  is  there  an  attic  or  ba- 
luftrade  to  hide  the  rifing  of  the  roof,  all  which  are  great  defedls 
in  fo  grand  a  building.  The  cornice  is  very  ordinary  ;  and  upon 
that  part  of  it  which  runs  over  one  of  the  pavilions,  fome  ftatues 
are  placed,  but  without  pedeftals,  and  fo  crouded,  that  nothing 
can  be  more  ridicvdous  :  nothing  ever  gave  me  a  more  natural 
idea  of  a  company  of  lunatics  in  the  higheft  frenzy  running  to 
thrown  themfelves  headlong  from  the  top  of  a  precipice.  And, 
to  complete  the  ill  gufto,  under  thefe  is  painted  a  ftcetch  piece  of 
frefco  upon  the  wall,  which  what  it  has  to  do  there  I  know  not, 

unlefs 


SEVERAL    PARTS    OF    ENGLAND.  41 

iinlefs  it  be  to  add  a  various  deformity,  and  complete  the  ill 
gufto  ;   for  never  certainly  were  ftatuary,  painting,   and  archi- 
tedlure  fo  burlefqued  as  here.     The  other  front  is  wholly  irre- 
gular,  and  filled  with  a  confnfion  of  windows,  fquare,  oblong, 
round,  elliptical,    &:c.     The    houfe   within   is   half  untenable, 
having  a  prodigious  number  of  dark  back  rooms  for  fervants, 
with  almoft  a  neceffary  ftair-cafe  to  each,  befides  the  two  grand 
ftair-cafes   of  ftate,  one   of  which   is   defigned   to   be   painted. 
What  a  wonderful  genius  muft  our  architedt  have,  to  contrive 
all  this  convenience  and  fymmetry !   The  chapel,  which  is  part 
Gothic,    and   part   a-la-Romain^    ftands  fomewhere    about    the 
houfe;   and,  I  think,  the  library  is  over  it.     There  is  a  clew  of 
thread  defigned  to  guide  thofe  that  go  thither,   the  way   being 
fomewhat  difficult,  and  the  paflage  dark  and  intricate;  fo  that 
when  you  are  once  got  thither,  you  need'  not  fear  being  dif- 
turbed.     The   window  at  the  end  of  the  room  is  none  of  the 
leaft ;  but  is  of  fuch  a  figure,    as  mathematicians  have  not  yet 
defined.    There  is  nothing  in  the  houfe  worth  feeing,  but  rooms 
which  look  to  the  garden,  and  are  placed  in  enfilade :  the  lirlt 
we  entered  to,  which  is  in  the  middle  of  the  reft,  is  the  grand 
hall ;  on  each  fide  of  the  door  you  enter  at,  is  a  nich  with  a 
ftatue  in  it;    it  is  paved  with  black  and  white  marble,  and  the 
cieling  is  lofty ;  the  wainfcot  is  well-wrought,   and  very  neat : 
in   the  great   pannels  are  fome  good   pieces  of  painting  upon 
cloth;   at  one  end  of  the  hall,  Socinus  and  Bellarmine  ;   at  the 
other,    Luther,  Molinos,   and   Calvin  :    here  are  alfo  two  neat 
chimney-pieces  of  marble.     Through  the  hall  to  the  right-hand 
is  a  very  noble  apartment,   adorned  with  exquiflte  carved-v/ork 
in  wood,   by  the  hand  of  the   famous  Gibbons..    We  faw  here 
the  pictures  of  the  duke  and  dutchefs,  with  others  of  the  family. 
In  the  room  to  the  left  are  feveral  large  pidures,   fet  in  great 
j)annels,  of  fome  of  our  moft  celebrated  beauties,  which  were 

G  prefented 


42  MR.    S.    GALE'STOURTHROUGH 

prefented  by  the  ladies  themlelves  to  the  dutchefs.  All  the 
reft  of  the  rooms  on  this  floor  are  very  nobly  furniflied,  as 
are  thofe  over  them;  Tome  with  filk  hangings,  rich  tapeftry, 
beds  of  filk  damafk,  and  crimfon  velvet,  large  looking-glalTes^ 
ibme  in  pannels,  others  in  frames,  tables,  and  ftands  of  plate^, 
marble,  wood,  japanned  and  inlaid,  and  other  coftly  movea- 
bles. The  gardens  belonging  to  the  houfe  are  in  no  good 
order,  and  meanly  laid  out.  Indeed  the  avenue  to  the  houfe 
is  fine,  through  a  fliady  park,  which  leads  to  a  great  court- 
yard. We  were  informed,  before  we  faw  it,  that  this  was  one 
of  the  fineft  palaces  in  England;  but  it  fell  much  beneath  our 
expectation.  Having  glutted  our  curiofity  with  this  mafs  of 
buildings,  we  mounted  our  horfes,  and  in  the  .evening  arrived 
at  Guilford,  where  we  lay  this  night. 

Gciiford.  'phe  25th,  we  took  a  hafty  view  of  Guilford.     It  is   plea^ 

fantly  fituated  upon  a  hill,  at  the  bottom  of  which  runs  the 
river  Wey :  the  ruins  of  an  old  caftle  remain  near  the  river.. 
The  houfes  are  well  built,  of  handfome  brick ;  there  is  alfo  a. 
large  hofpital,  founded  by  Abbot  archbilliop  of  Canterbury.  It 
has  a  neat  market,  is  a  place  of  good  trade,  and  the  capital  town, 
of  Surry.  I  paid  my  very  good  friend,  Mr.  L — b,  avifit;  he 
entertained  us  with  a  fiih  dinner,  which  he  had  taken  this 
morning  in  a  friend's  pond.  We  fpent  this  afternoon  in  his 
good  company;  and  in  the  evening,  crofling  the  Thames  at 
Kingfton,  we  came  to  Hampton  Court,  and  lay  there. 

Hampton-  Next  moming,   being  the  26th,  we  went  to.  fee  the  palace^, 

which  is  finely  feated  on  the  Thames,  and  was  built  by  cardinal 
Wolfey.  It  confifts  of  three  courts:  the  two  firit  are  irregular, 
after  the  Gothic  manner ;  the  fecond  has  on  the  north  fide  a 
great  hall,  the  walls  of  which  are  adorned  and  iupported  with 
large  buttrelTes,  and  has  a  great  afcent  of  fteps  up  to  it;  on  the 
ibijth  is  a  handfome  portico,  with  double  Ionic  pillars^   which 

has 


S  E  V  E  R  A  L    P  A  R  T  S    O  F    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.  43 

has   communication  with  the  old    and  new  buildings.      From 
the  middle  of  thisj  there  is  a  paffage  to  the  third  court,  over  the 
entrance  of  which  there  is  an  admirable  piece  of  fculpture  in 
marble,  reprefenting  the  late  king  William  and  queen  Mary  on 
a  throne,   patronizing  and    encouraging   the   arts   and   fciences, 
in  balTo-relievo.     The  paffage  leads  to  the  north  portico  of  the 
court,   which   was   entirely   built    by   king    William,    after  Sir 
Chriitopher  Wren's   dcfign.      It    is   fquare  within,    and   has  on 
each  fide  an  arched  cloiiter  of  ftonci    The  fuperftru<Slure,  which 
is  brick,  is  three  ftories  high  above  the  cloifter  on  three  fides ; 
the  weft  fide  has  but  one  ftory,  with  a  baluftrade  and  urns  upon 
it.     The  windows  are  very  regular,  being  fafhed,   and  all  the 
mouldings  of  free-ftone.      On  the  fouth  fide,  anfwering  to  the 
twelve  oppofite  circular   windows,  are   the  Twelve  Labours  of 
Hercules  in  frefco,  painted  by  a  bold  hand.   The  eaft  fide,  which 
looks   to  the  fountain-garden,   has  twenty-three  windows :   the 
projedtion  in  the  middle  is  faced  with  ftone,  and  is  adorned  with 
four  three-quarter  columns  of  the  Corinthian  order,   fupporting 
the  pediment,  in  the  centre  of  which  is  the  Vidlory  of  Hercu- 
les over  Envy,  in  baffo  relievo.     On  the  fouth  fide  are  twenty- 
five  windows  in  front :    the  projection  in  the  middle  is  faced 
with   ftone,    and   has   four   three-quarter    Corinthian    columns, 
aiid  above   the  cornice  a  baluftrade,  with   four   caft  flatues   of 
Fame,  Hercules,  Mars,  and  Vidory,   placed  upon  pedeftals,  cor- 
refponding  to  the  columns.     All  the  apartments  within  are  no 
lefs  beautiful  than  the  ftrvidlure  without,  whether  we  confider 
regularity,  convenience,    pleafant  fituation,    the  loftinefs  of  the 
rooms,  the  magnificent  furniture,  and,    above  all,  the  paintings. 
There  are  twelve  ftair-cafes  that  lead  to  them,    two  of  which 
are  very  fpacious   and  grand;,  that   at   the  right-hand  on   the 
fouth-weft   angle  leading  to  th-e  late  king's  apartments   is  dot  e 
by  Signor  Verrio,  and  efteemed  a  finiflied  piece.     On  the  plat- 

G   2  fond 


44 


MR.    S.^'G  AXE'S    TOUR    THROUGH 

fond   or  deling  is  a   Banquet  of  the  Gods :   in  the  firft  great 
pannel  on  the  left  hand,  is  the  Table  of  the  Gods,  fet  off  witli 
rich  furniture  and  variety  of  flowers  and  fruits;  in  the  fecond, 
the  Twelve  Caefars,  introduced  by  Romulus,  with  Alexander,  &c. 
In  the  third.  Mercury,  defcending  to  did: ate  to  Julian  the  apoftate 
writing.      In  the  angles  of  the  iiair-cafe    and  in  the  leffer  pan- 
nels    are  painted  trophies  of  war.      Thefe  three  pannels  com- 
pofe  three  fides  of  the  ftair-cafe  :   the  fourth  is  taken  up  with 
the   window.     The  cieling  feems  to  be  fupported  with  Corin- 
thian  pilafters,  fluted:  the   Ihades    are   fo  mafterly  done,    that 
they  deceive  the  eyes  with  an  apparent  projedlion;   Verrio  fecit 
is  fo  well  painted  in  one  of  the  plinths,  that  a  new  infpedion 
muft  convince  you  that  it  is  not  cut  in  ftone.     Over  the  door 
leading   to    the   guard-chamber   is    an  Italian  buft.      Here   the 
arms   are  ranged  in  the  moft  exa6l  order,    in  various   figures, 
and  kept  very  clean.      The  king's  apartments  take  up  one  part 
of  the  fouth  fide,   which   is   double,  and  looks  into  the  privy- 
garden  ;  they  are  nobly  furnifhed  with  beds  of  ftate,  fine  hang- 
ings,   looking-glafifes,    china,  &c. ;    the  king   has    at   his   bed- 
chamber-window a  little  aviary.      From  hence  we  pafs  to  the 
north-wefl  angle  of'-the  court,  where  is  the  other  grand  ftair-cafe, 
not   yet  painted,  and  leading  to  the  queen's  apartments :    the 
-other  part,   which  makes  one  fide  of  the  fquare  within,  is  the 
Cartoon-gallery,   where  we  faw  thofe  feven  incomparable  pieces 
done   by  the  great  Raphael ;    they  are  fome  hiftorical  ads  of 
our  Saviour  and  the  apoilles :  five  of  them  take  up  the  whole 
length  of  the  gallery  on  one   fide,   on  the  other  fide  are  the 
windows,  and  there  is  one  at  each  end :  the  firft  is  the  death  of 
Ananias  and  Sapphira;    2d,  St.  Paul's  converting  Sergius  Paulus, 
with  Elymas  ftruck  blind;  3d,  the  lame  man  healed  by  Peter  and 
John;  4th,  two  difciples  fiiliing,  and  Chrift  walking  on  the  fea.; 
5th,  .Paul   and  Barnabas  at  Lyflra,  and   the    people    going  to 

the 


SEVERAL    PARTS    OF    ENGLAND. 

-the  facrifice;  6th,  St.  Paul  preaching  at  Athens;  7th,  Chrifl^s 
charge  to  St.  Peter.  Some  critics  find  fault  with  the  pidture 
of  the  difciples  fifliing,  in  which  they  fay  the  boat  is  too  lit- 
tle, and  not  at  all  proportionable  to  the  two  perfons  fitting 
in  it.  How  juft  this  cenfure  is  I  fliall  not  pretend  to  deter- 
mine. Raphael  had  certainly  a  bold  defign,  and  underftood  Na- 
ture perfe(Slly.  He  had  the  greateft  name  of  any  painter  in 
Italy,  was  rich  in  his  inventions,  and  his  manner  of  difpofing 
them  very  delicate.  His  defigns  were  very  corre6l :  to  the 
juftnefs,  grandeur,  and  elegance  of  the  antique,  he  added  the 
fimplicity  of  nature.  He  was  mailer  of  a  particular  grace,  with 
■which  all  his  works  are  fet  off,  and  in  his  lateft  pieces  came 
up  to  the  true  charadler  of  nature. 

The  encomium  we   have  of  him  in  his  epitaph  by  Cardinal 
Bembo  is  admirable,   but  juft; 

Ilk  hie  ejl  Raphael-,   timnit  quo  /of pile  vinci 
Rerum  magna  parens  ^  moriente  mori. 


45 


The  gallery  is  very  finely  wainfcotted:  between  e^ery  pic- 
ture are  placed  two  pilafters  of  the  Corinthian  order,  fluted,  to 
which  thofe  below  the  window  anfwer ;  the  entablature  is 
very  neat,  and  the  whole  extremely  regular  and  grand.  The 
queen  generally  holds  her  council  here. 

From  hence  we  pafs  to  the  north-weft  angle  of  the  courty 
where  is  the  other  grand  ftair-cafe,  not  yet  painted,  and  leading 
to  the  late  queen's  apartments,  which  take  up  the  north  fide 
of  the  fquare  which  is  fi.ngle,  and  part  of  the  eaft.  In  the 
finifhed  part  of  the  eaft  fide  there  is  another  noble  gallery, 
adorned  with  feveral  large  pieces  of  painting,  done  upon  cloth, 
in  Vv'ater-colours,  reprefenting  a  Triumph  of  Julius  Coefar. 
The  room  of  ftate  in  the  middle  of  the  front  towards  the  gar- 
den is   painted  by  Signor  Vcrrio.     On  the  platfondj  the  prefent 

gueen 


46-  M  R.    S.    G  A  L  E '  S    T  O  U  R    T  H  R  O  U  G  If 

queen   is    reprefented   by  Ailroea   in   the  heavens   crowned  by 
Neptune  and  Ceres,  the  other  deities  attending:  on  that  fide  the- 
room   as  you   enter  is  painted  the  fea  and   the  marine   deities- 
waiting  about  Neptune's  chariot,   empty,  he  being  afcended,   as- 
before,   to   crown  the  queen:   on   the  oppofite   fide   ilands   his- 
royal  highnefs  prince  George  of  Denmark,  as  lord  high  admiral, 
with  the  royal  fleet  behind  him  ;   and  on  that  fide  over  againll 
the  window  fits  the  queen,  upon  a  high  throne,  with  the  four 
continents  paying  homage  to  her.       Tliis,  I  believe,    was  the 
laft  work  of  Signor  Verrio,  having  now  loft  his  fight,  but  has 
a  penfion  from  the  queen.      From   hence  we  defcended  into, 
the  garden-fountain.      At  our  firft  entrance  through  thofe  cu- 
rious iron  gates,   we  faw  the  four  great  urns  of  white  marble,, 
exquifitely  carved,  and  adorned  with  bafs  reliefs :   the  firft,  on 
the  right  hand,  has  on  it  a  Triumph  of  Bacchus;   that  on  the-- 
left,  Neptune  and  Thetis  ent-ertaining  Venus  with  afea-triumph; 
the  fecond  on  the  left  hand,   Meleager  hunting,  and  killed  by 
the  boar,  three  young  Satyrs  fupport  this  urn   between   them 
with    their  ilioulders  ;    on   the  top  of  it  is    an    eagle,    with  a 
tortoife  in  her  talents,   a  very  bold  work:   the  fecond  on  the 
right  has  the  Judgment  of  Paris,  with  two  other  fabulous  hif- 
tories,  which  have  flipt  my  memory.      A  beautiful  Venus  ap- 
pears between  each  ftory  in  alto-relievo.    Thefe  four  vafes  were 
made  by  two  great  mafters  :    thofe  on   the  right-hand  by  Ti- 
bald  a  German ;   thole  on  the   left  by  Pierce,   an  Englifhman, 
to   which    the    preference   is    adjudged   by  the  greateft  artifts. 
The  garden  is  divided  into  four  parterres,   in  each  of  which  is 
a  fountain,   and  in  the  centre  one  longer  than  the  reft.      Here 
is  a  fine  vifta  to  the  long  canal  in  the  park,  with  feveral  walks 
of  trees   planted   on  both    fides.      Pafling   from   hence   to  the- 
fouth  front  we  enter  the  Privy-garden;  it  has  on  each  fide  a 
high   terrace-walk   defcending    with  a  neat  green    {lopQy    one 
2  of 


SEVERAL    PARTS   OF    ENGLAND.  47 

of  them  is  covered  over  with  a  Iliad y  arbour.  It  is  divided  into  - 
five  parterres,  each  having  an  Italian  ftatue  of  white  marble 
in  the  middle.  There  is  a  fountain.  The  end  of  the  gar- 
den, which  is  femicircular,  is  enclofed  with  a  well- wrought 
baluftrade  of  iron.  From  hence  there  runs  a  terrace-walk 
about  half  a  mile  in  length,  which  leads  to  a  fine  bowling- 
green  cut  into  an  eilipfis :  at  the  end  of  the  walk,  on  either 
lide  are  fome  neat  apartments  for  the  queen,  and  oppofite  to 
them  others  for  fervants  and  the  green-keeper;  .and  from  the 
green  you  have  .a  vifta  to  a  little  park  planted  with  trees  re- 
gularly and  flocked  with  deer.  The  green-houfe  is  very  fpa- 
Gious,  and  takes  up  the  lower  part  of  the  fbuth  front,  in  which 
between  the  window  are  placed  fome  bulls,  and  four  antique 
llatues.  On  the  right  of  the  privy-garden  is  the  magazine, 
about  the  walls  of  which  an  aviary  was  xlefigned,,  and  a.  ban- 
quetting-houfe  toward  the  Thames.  A  little  farther  is  that 
which  they  call  the  Green -hoy-garden,  which  has  a  particular 
green-houie  to  it,  with  floves  for  the  winter.  Leaving  the  privy- 
garden,  and  palling  through  the  garden  of  fountains,  we  fa\V 
on  the  norlh  fide  of  the  new  palace  the  green  labyrinth,  affor- 
ding a  pleafant  variety  of  intricate  walks.  Having  thus  gra- 
tified our  curiofity  with  taking  a  tranfient  viev/  of  this  royal  and 
beautiful  edifice,  Viatorio  and  I  retired  to  our  inn  to  dinner, 
extremely  pleafed  with  many  charming  objects  in  gardening, 
fculpture,  painting,   and  archite6lure. 

After  dinner  we  rode  leifurely  on  to  Kenfmgton ;  vv^here  we  took  Kenfington. 
a  tranfient  view  of  the  palace.  The  building  is  large,  but  very  ir- 
regular. The  late  king  William  purchafed  this  houfe  of  the  earl 
of  Nottingham,  fince  which  it  has  been  confiderably  augmented 
by  feveral  new  additions  both  by  him.  and  her  prefent  majefly. 
There  are  fome  good  pieces  of  painting  in  the  queen's  gallery,  par- 
ticularly a  night-piece;  the  prince's  gallery  is  very  neat,  and  hung 

with 


48  MR.    S.    GALE'S    TOUR,    &c. 

%vith  ciimfoii  velvet  and  filk,  after  the  Italian  manner  :  but  that 
which  makes  this  palace  lb  agreeable  is  the  pleafant  fituation, 
in  a  good  air,  at  the  end  of  a  fine  park,  and  its  curious  gardens, 
which  are  very  well  kept,  and  to  v/hich  there  has  lately  been  laid 
thirty  acres  of  ground  more,  adjoining  to  the  prince's  lodgings,, 
which,  when  brought  to  perfedtion,  will  appear  very  magnificent. 

The  evening  now  began  to  approach,  and  we  had  no  little 
defire  to  finilh  our  delegable  tour  happily:  fo  we  mounted, 
again,  and,  in  a  very  little  time  the  good  Providence  of  Heaven, 
conduced  us  to  the  great  metropolis,  which  we  entered  about 
eight  o'clock. 

Viatorio  continued  in  London  tlrat  night  and  the  whole  of 
the  next  day;  and  on  the  morning  of  the  28th,  fet  out  for 
Cambridge.  In  his  way  through  Enfield,  he  paid  a  vifit  to- 
Dr.  Uvedale,  faw  his  gardens,  and  a  pretty  piece  of  fortifi- 
' cation,  a  regular  hexagon  in  wood,  with  outworks,  made  by  a'. 
French  mafter  in  the  Dodtor's  family.  From  Enfield  he  rode, 
to  Puckridge,  where  he  halted  again,  and  arrived  at  Cambridge.- 
in  very  good  time  that  evening. 


C  O  R  R  E- 


C    49*    ] 


Mr.  S.  Gale's  Account  of  fame  Antiquities  at  Glaftonbiiry,  and  in 
the  Cathedrals  o/Salifbury,  Wells,  ^//^  Winchcfter,  1711. 


GLASTONBURY, 

The  kitchen  of  the  abbey  is  entire,  a  large  o<5langular  building, 
covered  with  a  cupola,  in  the  centre  of  which  is  a  lanthern  ;  in  four 
of  the  fides  are  great  chimnies,  in  the  other  four  the  windows  and 
doors.  At  a  little  diftance  is  the  abbot's  houfe,  in  which  feveral 
rooms  are  Itill  entire. 

The  great  church  of  the  abbey  is  in  ruins.  There  remain  yet 
landing  one  fide-wall  of  the  Weil:  nave  of  the  church,  one  arch 
of  the  crofs  northwards,  and  about  three  arches  of  the  South 
crofs,  and  two  pillars  that  fupported  the  vail:  fide  of  the  great 
tower  towards  the  choir.  Both  the  fide- walls  of  the  choir  re- 
main, containing  eight  windows  in  each,  and  about  three  feet  in 
heighth  of  the  Eart  wall  is  yet  to  be  {tew  above  the  rubhifli. 
Weltward  of  the  great  church  Itands  the  chapel  of  St.  Jofeph  of 
Arimathea,  which  is  itill  entire,  excepting  the  roof,  and  one  great 
arch,  which  feparated  the  chapel  from  the  ipacious  entrance  to  t, 
which  is  broken  down,  as  is  the  pavement  quite  into  the  vault  un- 
derneath. It  is  an  oblong  Iquare,  very  curioufly  wrought  and 
.pointed  after  the  Gothic  manner,  and  had  at  each  angle  a  lofty 
pyramid,  and  a  llaircafe  in  each,  one  of  which  is  thrown  down  as 
far  as  the  roof  of  the  chapel. 

{Reliq^Galean.  Part  I.]  *  H  A  little 


»Ao  M  R.     S.     CALEBS     A  C  C  O  U  N  T     O  F 

A  little  to  the  North- Vfcrt  of  this  chapel  the  Holy  Thorn  ftili 
floiirilhes. 

All  the  South  area  of  the  church  difcovers  vait  foundations, 
and  heaps  of  ruins,  where,  1  fuppofe,  the  refe<51:tjry,  dormitory,, 
O-nd  the  grofs  of  the  monaftery  ftood.  The  whole  extent  of  the 
ahhey  is  furrounded  with  a  very  high  and  ft rong  wall  of  ftone,  in 
which  is  a  very  fpacious  gate  leading  hetween  the  abbey-church, 
aud  monallery  ■■•'.. 

W  E  L  L.s   Cathedral. 

A  very  great  piece  of  Gothic  architedure..  The  Wefl  front  is- 
handfomely  fet  off  with  ilatuary  of  oiu"  Saviour  and  the  apoftles, 
and  nine  orders  of  the  angels,  of  the  bifliops  of  the  church,  and 
feveral  of  the  Saxon  kings.  The  great  Weft  window  of  painted 
glafs,  amongft  other  figures,  has  that  of  kinglna  the  founder, given 
not  long  fnice  by  bifliop  Creighton,  who  hes  under  a  fine  monu- 
ment of  marble,  reprefenting  his  effigies  in  a  cumbent  pofture,  in 
the  North  crofs,  In  the  fide  ailes  by  the  choir  are  the  effigies  of 
feven  of  the  abbots  of  Glaftonbury,,  who  were  removed  thence,, 
and  placed  here>.upon  the  diffolution  of  the  abbey.  They  are  ha- 
bited in  their  copes,  mitred,  and  their  crofiers  in  their  hands. 
Only  one  of  them  has  an  infcription,  which  is  berwoldus. 

There  are  alfo.  fome  monuments   of  the  bifliops  in  other  parts 
of  the  church._ 

•  *  In  a  letter  to  Mr.  Hearne,  June  25,  1722,  now  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  Mr. 
Gale  tells  him,  "  All  our  antiquarians  are  in  great  hopes  of  a  view  of  the  prefent 
"  ruin?,  which  are  in  themfeives  large  and  venerable.  I  could  wifla  the  price  of 
*^  your  book  had  been  greater,  rather  than  to  have  wanted  them.  One  of  the 
.*'  MonadiGon  cuts  is  fo  extremely  fmall,  that  nothing  can  be  conceived  from  it.  If 
"  you  could  procure  a  good  drawing,  I  would  engage  to  pay  the  engraving  iny- 
"  felf."  The  book  here  referred  to  is  "  The  Hiftory  and  Antiquities  of  Ghit 
'<  tonbury,  Oxford,  1722,"  publifhed  by  fubfcriptioa  of  1/.  the  large  paper,  and 
10s.  the  fmall,  but  without  anj[  view  of  thefe  ruin^. 

S-  A  L  I  S  B  U,  R  Y. 


S  A  L  I  S  B  U  11  Y      AND     WINCHESTER.  51  • 

Salisbury    Cathedral. 

In  our  Lady's  chapel  is  the  tomb  of  bifliop  Ofmiind,  a  flat 
blue  marble,  MXG  ;  alio  the  tombs  of  Montacute  earl  of  Salifbury, 
and  William  Longfword,  bafe  fon  of  Henry  II.  by  Rofamond,  with 
both  their  effigies  lying  in  armour.  In  the  North  lide-ivile  of  the 
nave  are  the  tombs  of  a  Knight  Templar,  and  the  Epifcopus  Pue- 
rorum  ;   all  brought  from  the  ruins  of  the  cliurch  of  Old  Sarum. 

On  the  North  fide  of  the  high  altar,  Richard  Power,  bhliopj 
founder  of  the  prefent  church,  lies  interred  in  pontificalibm. 

In  the  South  crols,  a  fine  monument  of  bifliop  Ward. 

In  the  South  aile  of  the  nave,  an  elegant  tomb  of  judge  Hyde. 

In  the  choir,  before  the  high  altar,  the  memorials  of  bifliop 
Wy  vil,  bifliop  Gheft,  bifliop  Jewell.  Againft  the  Eaft  wall  of  the 
South  aile,  a  magnificent  tomb  of  the  duke  of  Somerfet.  In  tlie 
North  aile,  againll  the  Eafl:  wall,  a  curious  monument  of  the  lord 
•Gorges. 

Behind  the  high  altar,   John  Blythe,  bifliop,    in  pontifical! bus. 

The  chapter-houfe  is  an  ocStagon  building,  the  roof  fupport- 
■ed  by  a  finail  column  in  the  middle. 

WINCHESTER. 

The  cathedral  is  a  large  and  magnificent  fl:ru<fture  ;  the  Weft 
part  built  by  W.  Wickham,  in  which  he  lies  interred  under  a 
Itately  tomb  reprefenting  his  effigies  in  pontijicalibus^  with  this 
infcription  upon  the  verge  of  the  monument : 

Wilelmus  di<9:us  Wickham,  Sec. 

printed  in  Godwin  de  Pr'jeful.  fol.  230. 

Next  is  bifliop  Eddington,  on  the  North  fide  of  the  high  altar, 
towards  the  flde-aile. 

*  H  2  Oil 


*52  ^5  R.     ?.     GALE'S     ACCOUNT    OF,  i,. 

On  two  ether  monuments  : 

Q_ui  jacec  liic  ret;ni  fceptriim  tulit  Ilardeca  nutus 
Emmie  ac  Cwnictonis  gnatus  et  iple  fuit. 
Obiit  A'U'ni  i  i  i  i. 

Obiit  A*  Doni.  1261. 
Corpus  Ethclmaii  cujns  cor  mine  rcnet  iflud 
S.ixum  Pariliis  monc  datur  tumuln. 

The  bull  of  this  billiop,  fomewhat  defaced,  is  ftill  feen  under.. 

On  each  iide  theahar,  on  the  walls,  are  placed  lix  chells,  in 
\vhich  are  the  bones  of  feveral  Saxon  kings.  Before  the  high 
altar,  on  the  infide  of  the  choir,  is  the  tomb  of  William  Ruftis. 

On  the  South  fide  of  the  altar, 

Imus  ed  cor  Nicholaiolim  Wiuton' epifcop',  cujus  corpus  eft  apud  Waverky.- 
Ne3:t  this, 

Intus  ell  corpus  Pilchard  Wilhelmi  Conquefloris  filii  h  Beornia;  Duels. 
Next  to  this  a  grand  monument  of  bifliop  Fox. 

Behind  the  high  altar  were  the  effigies  of  the  underwritten  : 

Kyngulphus  Rex,  Sane'  Bi'rinus,  epif  Kinewald,  Rex  Egbertus,  R.Adulphiis 
H.  Alured.  R.  filii  ejus.  S'ca  Maria  &  D.  Jefus,  Edredus  Rex,  Edganis  R. 
Emma  Reg.  Alcvinus  epilcopus,,  Ethel.  Rex,  S.  Adwardiis  R.  f.  ejus. 
Cuutus  Rex,    Hardicanutus  R.filius  ejus. 

Corpora  fanctorum  funt  hie  in  pace  fepulta. 
Ex  mcritis  quorum  lulgeiu  miracula.niulta. 

On  the  North  fide  of  the  high  altar,  Stephen  Gardner,  under  a 
large  monument. 

Oa  the  North  fide,  William  Wainfleet. 

On  the  South  fide,  cardinal  Beaufort.  Wefi:  of  this  St.  Swithii>. 
Under  a  large  fiat  fione  at  his  feet  king  Lucius. 

At  the  ead  of  the  South  aile,  bifliop  Langton. 

At  the  end  of  the  North  aile,.  the  lord  treafurer  VVefton,  in  a 
Gumbent  pofture,  in  brafs,   behind  three  butts  in  marble. 

In  the  North  crofs, 

Will'  de  Bafyng,  Prior  Ecclefia?.. 


A      JOURNEY      TO      ST.      A  L  B  A  N  S.  53* 


An  Account  of  a  Journey  made  at  Eafter^    1720.      In  a  Letter  to 
Z)/-.  William  Stukeley.     5/ Mr.  S.  Gale. 

Rycn  fanfc  Travaille. 
(Fiom  an  o'd  f  rab  at  ih.-  Eafl  end  of  the  North  aile  in  St..  Michael't  church  at  Canterburv.) 

SIR, 

I  fliould  not  venture  to  interrupt  your  more  nfeful  enquiries 
after  n'arure,  and  your  other  phyfical  Itudies,  with  To  long  a  letterj 
bat  that  I  know  you  love  fonietimes  to  divert  yourfelf  with  ac- 
counts of  this  kind,  which  may  any  ways  tend  to  iUuftrate  our 
country  ;  and  that  I  ho^^e  you  wdll  excufe  the  hafte  of  the  follow- 
ing journey  with  the  ufual  good  nature  af  a  friend. 

April  24,  1720,  fet  out  from  London  about  two  in  the  after- 
noon, and  paffing  by  Sopewell  priory,  came  to  the  great  abbey 
church  of  St.  Alban,  fovmded  firll:  by  king  OfFa,  anno  Chr.  794,. 
and  afterw^ards  rebuilt  by  abbot  Paul,  A.  D.  1077,  out  of  the 
ruins  of  old  Verulamium,  part  of  the  walls  of  which,  of  immeiife 
thicknefs,  is  ftill  to  be  feen  about  a  mile  diftant,  and  oppofite 
to  the  new  town  of  St.  Alban. 

In  the  abbey  are  feveral  ancient  monuments,  particularly  in. 
the  South  wall  of  the  fide  aile  of  the  nave,  that  of  two  eremites  l 


Vir  Doinini  verus  jacct  hie  H'ereinita  Rogerus 
Et  fub  eoclarus  meritis  Hercmiia  S'gans. 


fe 


a 


54  M  ?v.     S.     GALE'S     ACCOUNT     OF 


In  the  North  fide  aile  by  the  chcnr,  over  an  arch,  fronting  the 
Eait  end,  is  a  rude  pi6lure  of  king  Offa,  luting  robed  in  his 
ilu'onc,   and  vmder  his  feet  the  following  : 

Quem  male  depiclum  &  refidcntcm  cernitis  alte 
Subliir.em  in  folio  Mercius  OfFa  fuit. 

In  ihe  choir  are  the  tombs  of  abbot  Frederick  in  the  time  of  the 
Conqucft,  his  effigies  being  finely  enlayed  in  brafs  in  his  abbatial 
habit,  upon  a  large  blewiili  ilone,  before  the  altar  ;  on  each  fide 
of  which  we  fee  tlie  fiately  monuments  of  abbot  Whethamited  and 
Ramridge.  But  tbis  abbey  having  been  fo  largely  and  well  de- 
icribed  by  my  learned  friend  Browne  Willis,  efq.  of  Whaddon 
Hall,  in  the  county  of  Bucks,  I  need  lay  no  more,  but  refer  to 
his  Hiltory  of  the  Mitred  Parliamentary  Abbots,  printed  at  Lon- 
don,  anno  i  7  19 '-••'. 

Leaving  St.  Alban's,  came  into  the  great  Roman  road  called 
Watling  Street,  which,  at  three  miles  end,  leads  us  to  Redburn, 
the  ancient  Durodrhis.  There  are  no  ruiiis  of  antiquity  to  be 
feen  in  the  church,  which  is  about  half  a  mile  from  the  town, 
and  a  neat  Gothic  pile,   built  anno 

A  raifed  monument  in  the  South  fide  aile  in  memory  of  Sir 
Richard  Rede,  and  Anne  his  wife.  At  the  head  of  the  tomb, 
againft  the  wall,  is  a  crucifix  in  brafs,  and  on  each  fide  of  it 
feveral  of  the  family   reprefented  praying. 

■^-  Memorandum  of  Mr.  S.  Gale,  from  an  ancient  Regifler  of  Sr.  Alban's*. 

"  Uc  igirur  quod  preteritorum  commiferat  negligentia  fuppleat  pia  prudentia 
"  futurorum,  et  prefens  Monalleiium  a  tali  ingratltudine  hacftenus  a  nobis  viveniibus 
♦'  illibatum  confervetur,  Monumenta  &  loca  Sepulchrorum  nobis  cognita  folo  etiam 
•'  pavimcnto  ■&  marmoreis  lapidibus  cooperta  in  fubfequL-ntibus  du.si  plenius  adno- 
"  tarida.  Qiiorum  laudes  ec  beneiicia  in  iibro  benefa6>oruhi  iuper  magnum  Altarc 
"  Monaftetii  quotidie  inter  Millarum  folennia  repofito  plenius  confcribuntur  &  an- 
"  notantur,  ut  pro  eorum  expiatione  peccatorumDomino  jugitcr  facn  Alaris  viftima 
"  immoktur,  €t  piai  recoidadonis-^aSidu  a  celebrant! bOs  puria  n;entibus  com- 
"  mendentur."  .^  yir-'f'' 

♦  Et  d'e  fimili  Iibro  apud  Monafteriiim  Sanfti  Albani  cgrcgii  Britlannrum  Pmtomartvri"..  Codcx  antiquus 
manulcriptus  de  monuineiitis  et  fcpulchris  ecclefia;  S.  Albani,  pcuts  huraaniliimum  viium  Johaunera  War- 
hurton  Richmoadi*  Faxialis  clariliime  loijuituii  p.  u 

15th, 


DUNSTABLE     AND      B  I.  E  C  H  J.  Y. 


55'- 


15th.      We  came  now  to  Dunftablc,  in  the  Antonine  Itinerary 

Magiovintum^  a  long  lireet  ot'hoiilcs,  tolerably  well  built  ;  thence 

to  Fenny  Stratford,  which  town  belongs  folely  to  Browne  Willis, 

efq.  who  hath  a  charter  granted  him  by  king  James  I.  tor  holding 

a  weekly  market  there.      Three  miles  hence  we  came  to  Blechly, 

where  Mr.  Willis  hath  built  a  very  agreeable  houfe,  of  an  oblong 

form,  four  llories  high,  a  flat  roof,  and  leaded:   the  infide  is  very 

curioully  wainfcoted,  and  finely  carved.      It  is  built  of  brick,  but 

not  yet  quite  finilhed.      The  expence  is  computed  at  600/.      Mr. 

Willis  received  us  very  courteoully.      He  fLiewed  us  the  librarv, 

which,    though  large,    conlilted    chiefty  of  the   writers    of  the 

Hiil:ory  and  Anticpiities  of  Great  Britain,  and  leveral  valiuible  coi- 

ledions  of  his  own  in  MS.   that  way. 

Near  this  feat  (lands  the  parilh  church,  which  is  a  neat  pile  of 
Gothic  archite<fture,  built  of  ftone,  with,  a  fquare  tower  at  the  Well 
end,  fet  off  with  four  pinnacles  84fect  high.     All  the  whole  fabric 
was  repaired  and  beautified  anno  mdccv  ;    it   being  then  all  new- 
paved,  and  embelliflied  with  a  new  pulpit,  pews,  a  fine  chancel,  fe- 
parated  by  a  curious  flvreen,    adorned  with  Corinthian  columns- 
fupporting  a  pedeftal,  a  new  altar-piece  let  off  with  pilaiiers  fup- 
porting  the   royal  arms,  all  of  wainfcot  exquifitely   well  carved. 
The  roof  of  the  chancel  is  finely  painted  with  the  twelve  apoiUes. 
In  the  North  aile  at  the  Eail:  end  is  a  Ibrt  of  chapel,   in  whiclv. 
hang  all  the  arms  of  the  lords  of  this  manor  from.  William  Gif- 
ford  in  the  time  of  the  Conqueft  to  this  time,  Mr.  Willis  bein^>- 
the  prefent  poireHbr.      On  the  North  fide  the  altar  is  an  ancient 
marble  monument,   the   efhgies  lying  at  length  upon  an  altars- 
tomb;   the  infcription  is  niiodern  on  the  verge^ 

•   Edm.  Grav,  Baron  Gray  de  Wilton, 
obiit  Maii  O''  1511. 

All    about    the    church  are  fentcnces  of  Scripture  written  in 
golden  letters;   the  arches  are  all  painted  in  a.  red  marble  colour,, 
5  and: 


'5'5  MR.      S.     G  A  L  E  'S      ACCOUNT      OF 

and  all  the  windows  have  blue  curtains  painted  over  them  on  the 
walls.  I  can  affirm  it  to  be  one  of  the  molt  beautiful  and  com- 
l)leat  parifli  churches  in  England.  The  whole  was  done  at  the 
charge  of  Browne  Willi-,  efq.  who  likewiie  gave  the  eight  bells. 

Here  alio  1  met  Mr.  Bowles,  keeper  of  the  Bodleian  library, 
Oxford. 

The  15th,  leaving  Whaddon,  we  paflcd  through  Stony  Strat- 
ford, a  large  old  to.vn  on  the  military  way,  Towceller,  Greeii 
Norton,  Mcadford,  Prefton,  by  Southam.  town-end,  and  fo  to 
W'arw  ick,  being  a  very  bad,  deep,  and  mirey  road,  where  we  ar- 
rived about  nine  at  night,  after  having  been  twice  overturned  by 
reafon  of  the  dark  night,  ])ut  without  any  liarm,  Di^o  gratias.. 

Earter-day,  17th.  At  ^Var\^  ick  we  went  to  hear  divine  fer- 
vice  at  St.  Mary's  church,  which  was  performed  with  great  de- 
cency, being  accompanied  with  a  line  nev/  and  excellent  orgcin, 
erected  in  the  year  17  19,  at  the  ex[)ence  of  700  /.  the  excellent 
?>h\  Thomas  Dean  being  the  organill,  and  an  extraordinary  judge 
and  good  compofer  of  mufic.  The  church  itfelf  is  a  magnificcjit 
ttruffure.  The  tower  is  fquare,  very  high,  and  let  off  with  pin- 
nacles ;  the  body  of  the  church,  with  the  fide  alles,  which  are  all 
of  an  equal  height,  having  been  not  long  fince  all  burned,  are 
now  rvrbuilt,  after  the  Gothic  manner,  but  very  elegant.  There 
are  only  a  fevv  of  the  ancient  monuments  left,  the  relt  being  de- 
f^roved  bv  the  lire.  The  late  queen  Anne  c^ave  1000/.  to  the  fa- 
brick;  the  rell  was  raifed  by  briefs  and  contributions  of  the  gentry. 
The  chancel  efcaped  with  the  lofs  of  the  old  choir,  ot  wood  only, 
which  is  now  alio  fupplied  with  a  new  one.  The  chapter-houfe 
on  the  North  lide  was  likewiie  fpared,  in  which  there  is  now 
a  large  tomb,  fupported  by  pillars  of  black  marble,  which  takes 
up  the  whole  area,  for  the  family  of  the  lord  Brook.  On  the 
South,  fide  of  the  chancel  Hands  the  line  chapel  of  Beauchamp  earl 
of  Warwick,  which  alio  hai)pily  was  preferved  from  the  flames, 

•  in 


A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  1  E  S     AT      W  A  R,^  I  C  K.  57* 

in  the  middle  of  which  remains  the  noble  monument  of  Richard 
Beauehamp  earl  of  Warwick.  He  is  reprefented  lying  at  length 
in  armour,  with  his  helmet  and  creft  under  his  head,  and  at  his 
feet  a  bear  and  griffin,  his  fupporters,  all  of  brafs,  gilded.  The 
effigies  is  placed  on  an  altar-tomb,  the  fides  and  the  ends  of 
which  being  marble  are  carved  into  fmall  niches,  in  which  are 
placed  fmall  ftatues  of  many  of  the  family  in  brafs,  under  each 
their  coats  of  arms  in  colours  finely  enamelled. 

At  the  door  of  this  chapel,  as  you  enter  from  the  body  of  the 
church,  is  the  effigies  of  one  of  the  Beauchamps  in  brafs,  faved 
out  of  the  ruins  of  the  old  church,  and  placed  againft  the  wall, 
with  a  large  infcription  under  it.  In  the  area  of  the  chancel 
is  a  large  tomb  of  another  earl  of  Warwick  and  his  lady. 

All  thefe  are  well  defcribed  by  Sir  William  Dugdale,  in  his  An- 
tiquities of  Warwickfliire. 

The  whole  church  on  the  outfide  is  furrounded  with  a  neat ' 
baluftrade,  adorned  at  equal  diftances  with  urns,   which  have  a 
good  efFe6t. 

Over  the  great  arch  of  the  Weft  front  of  the  tower  this  : 

Ex  toto  reedificatum  An°  MCCCXCIIIl<', 

Conflagracone  flupenda  non  aris  non 
focis  parcente  dirutum  V^  Sept.  MDCXCIIII? 

On  the  South  fide, 

Novum  hoc  pletate  publica  inchoatum 

et  provedum,  regia  abfolutum  eft 
Sub  Ixtis  Annae  aufpiciis  A"  memorabili 
MDCCIHI. 
On  the  North  fide, 

Teemplum  B.  Marice  collcgiatum  primitus 

A  Rog.  de  Novo  Burgo,  com'  War.  temp.  Steph.  R. 

Inftauratum,  poftta  a  Tho.  de  Bcllo  campo 

C.  War. 

[Reliq^  Galean.  Part  I.]  *I  At 


*5S  MR.     S.    G  A  L  E '  S     ACCOUNT      OF 

At  the  Eaft  end  of  the  church  ftand  the  deanery  and  the  col- 
legiate houfes,  which  belonged  to  this  {lately  church  before  the 
dilTokition. 

The  moft  remarkable  things  in  the  town  are, 

The  ancient  caiUe,  one  fide  of  which  is  v/ailied  by-  the  Avon. 
It  is  encompaffed  by  a  deep  ditch  and  double  walls,  the  innermoft 
of  which  is  fortified  with  feveral  towers,  round  and  multangular. 
You  enter  over  a  Hone  bridge  through  two  fl:rong  gates  into  the 
caftle  area.  On  the  fide  towards  thfe  river  are  all  the  lodgings, 
which  are  now  the  refidence  of  the  lord  Brook.  They  confift 
chiefly  of  fix  large  rooms  of  ftate,  which  open  upon  a  line,  fo 
that  you  have  a  large  view  through  the  whole  length  of  the 
callle.  They  are  very  well  finiflied  with  marble  chimney- 
pieces,  having  handfome  furniture,  fuch  as  fine  hangings,  biftory 
paintingG,  and  fome  family  pieces  by  good  hands.  One  of  the 
rooms  is  entirely  wainfcotted  with  cedar,  and  well  carved.  There 
is  alfo  an  ancient  chapel  adjoining  to  the  lodgings.  At  the  end 
of  the  area  is  a  very  high  mount;  at  the  foot  of  which,  on  the 
other  fide,  are  very  nent  and  fpacious  gardens,  which  overlook 
the  river  and  the  adjacent  country.  In  the  four  principal  flreets 
of  the  town,  which  are  all  new  rebuilt  fince  the  great  fire  here, 
1694,  many  of  the  houfes  are  fet  off  with  pilafters  of  fi:one 
of  the  Corinthian  order,  which  fupport  the  entablatures; 
the  windows  are  adorned  with  handfome  mouldings,  and 
feveral  of  the  doors  with  columns  and  pediments  of  different 
orders,  the  flreets  being  generally  regular  and  broad,  efpecially 
the  High-flreet,  and  the  houfe  of  Mr.  Leigh  is  to  be  admired  for 
its  beautiful  froqt  of  flone.  The  county-houfe,  which  is  a  large 
ftrudlure  of  ftone,  the  front  of  which  contains  the  great  windows, 
befides  a  large  triangular  pediment  over  the  entrance,  the  whole 
fet  off  with  columns  and  pilaftcrs  of  the  Doric  order,  with  its  en- 
tablature.    Here  the  affairs  of  jufiice  are  adminillered. 

The 


LADY     BOWYER'S      PICTURES. 


59' 


The  priory  is  on  the  North-eaft  fide  of  the  town,  finely  feated 
on  the  river ;  it  is  a  large  building  of  fione.  You  enter  a  large 
old  court,  about  the  fides  of  which  are  feveral  fmall  doors,  which 
lead  to  the  different  apartments  of  the  religious.  The  prior's 
houfe  is  very  large,  and  the  rooms  magnificent,  the  old  hall  efpe- 
cially,  the  laft  reparations  of  which  feem  to  have  been  made,  as 
appears  by  a  date  under  a  fmall  window  over  the  great  fkreen, 
anno  i  566;  and  the  great  parlour,  in  the  bow  window  of  which 
are  the  arms  of  England  and  Wales,  and  feveral  coats  of  the 
Puckcrings,  to  whom  this  houfe  did  formerly  belong.  It  came 
from  them  to  the  lady  Bowyer,  the  prefent  polTeflbr,  by  whofe 
obliging  courtefy  I  obtained  the  following  catalogue  of  the  fine 
pidtures  in  her  gallery  of  the  priory,  feveral  of  which  are  done 
by  good  hands,  and  forne  by  Vandyke : 


King  Edward  VL  a  fulHength. 

Henry  IVth's  queen. 

Queen  Anne  I.  of  Scotland. 

Queen  of  Bohemia» 

Henry  VIII.  a  boy. 

King  of  Bohemia. 

King  James  I.  of  Scotland. 

King  Charles  I.  whole  length* 

King  Henry  IV*  of  France. 

Arabrofe  Dudley,  earl  of  Warwick. 

Jacobus  Rex  Sector'  AET.  VI. 

RobeVt  Dudley,  earl  of  Leicefter. 

Old  earl  Pembroke,  lord  chamberlain. 

Cecilia  countefs  of  Bedford. 

Lord  Grandifon  and'  lady. 

Old  Sir  Thomas  Puckering. 

Sir  Harry  Puckering  and  lady. 


Cecil  lord  Burleigh. 

Sir  Tho.  More,  3  qrs.  fine  prefervation. 

Lord  Capell. 

Villars  duke  of  Bucks. 

Old  duke  Hamilton. 

Lady  Suffolk. 

William  prince  of  Orange. 

Earl  of  Northampton. 

Guftavus  Adolphus. 

Lord  Hunfdon  in  queen  Elizabeth's  time. 

Lord  Hatton. 

Mary  de  Medicis. 

Sir  John  Morley  and  lady. 

A  Florentine  prince  and  lady. 

Some  Scripture  hiflory  pieces. 

A  pope. 

Two  cardinals. 


«I  2 


In 


H6  MR.     S.    G  A  L  E  '  S     A  C  C  O  U  N  T     O         'f 

In  the  little  flone  gallery, 

^        The  heads  and  full-lengths   of  feveral  popes  and  cardinals,  of  learned  men 
of  all   nations,  but  chiefly  Italians,   warriors,  emperors,   both  Chriftians 
and  Turks,  brought  Irom  Italy  by  one  of  the  Puckevings,   who  travelled 
to  Venice. 
A  head  of  Henry  V. 

In  the  priory  hall, 

The  lord  Newton,  by  Vandyke, 
Two  Italian  ladies,  whole  length. 
^  bulto  of  Charles  I.  in  flone. 

Leaving  Warwick  the  1 9th,  at  four  miles  dillance  I  viewed,  the 
great  and  lofty  ruins  of  Kenil  worth- caftle,  and  tradls  of  large  ruins 
all  about  it.  Thence  we  came  in  the  evening  to  Coventry,  a 
very  old  and  ill-built  city.  The  moll  remarkable  building  is 
St.  Michael's  church,  a  parochial  one,  of  a  jirodigious  breadth, 
and  about  240  feet  long.  There  is  a  large  fquare  tower,  with 
a  fpire,  all  of  Hone.  Alfo  Trinity-church  adjoining  in  the 
fame  church-yard,  a  great  ftrutflure,  but  much  decayed,  being 
built  with  a  reddhli  and  coarfe  fort  of  lione  frequent  about  this 
town.  We  faw  alfo  the  great  middle  tower  of  the  ruined  church 
of  the  Grey  Friars,  Handing  by  itfelf,  like  a  lodge  in  the  middle  of 
a  garden  of  cucumbers;  and  the  market-crofs,  a  fine  Gothic 
building,  adorned  with  the  effigies  of  fome  of  our  ancient  kings. 

aoth,  paffing  hy  Sir  Clement  Fifher's  and  lord  Digby*s  feats, 
the  firfl:  a  fquare  building  of  brick  a-la-jnoderuy  the  latter  an  old 
timber- houfe,  we  came  in  the  evening  to  Litchfield. 

2 1  ft,  I  took  a  view  of  the  cathedral,  a  fmall  neat  Gothic  ftruc- 
ture,  adorned  with  three  pyramids  of  ftone,  upon  fquare  towers, 
two  at  the  great  entrance,  the  third  and  biggeft  in  the  middle; 
the  outfide  front  fet  off  with  imagery  in  niches,  reprefenting  an- 
cient kings  on  either  fide,  and  bifliop  Cedd,  a  Saxon,  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  great  door  of  the  nave;  and  in  the  pediment  above  all, 
king    Charles  II.   in   his  robes,  crowned  ;  done,  T   fujjpofe,  by 

bifiiop 


A  N  T  I  Q.  U  I  T  I  E  S     AT    LICHFIELD.        61  * 

bifliop  Hackett,  who  repaired  the  whole  fabrick  and  the  choir, 
after  the  devaftation  of  the  civil  wars,  which  much  impaired  the 
beauty  of  this  church.  The  ftalls  and  altar-piece  are  very  neat ; 
the  canopy  over  the  bilhop's  throne  is  a  great  black  eagle,  with 
the  wings  of  gold  fpread  over.  The  altar-piece  is  of  the  Corin- 
thian order,  not  unlike  that  of  the  parilli  church  of  St.  Auguitine 
in  London,  by  St.  Paul's ;  the  choir  and  fteps  to  the  altar  are  of 
black  and  white  marble.  Within  are  but  few  monuments,  molt 
of  the  bifhops  having  been  removed  to  other  fees.  There  is  one 
of  bifliop  Hackett,  laying  in  his  pontifical  habit  on  the  South  fide 
the  altar,  and  in  the  wall  of  the  aile  oppofite  in  an  arch,  the 
tomb  of  Langton,  primus  ecclejia  inJlauyator\  and  in  feveral 
parts  of  the  church  are  other  cumbent  figures,  but  defaced  and 
unknown. 

The  epifcopal  palace  and  deanery  are  neat  buildings.  While 
we  were  at  the  fervice,  Mr.  Walmfley  was  eledled  by  the  chapter 
dean  of  Litchfield,  which  was  declared  before  the  altar  to  the 
congregation  by  one  of  their  body,  the  reft  attending,  being  only 
three  more,  being  preceded  by  the  vergers  in  proceffion  from 
the  chapter-houfe.  The  city  is  large,  but  thinly  peopled,  having 
no  foreign  trade.  There  are  two  or  three  parifli  churches,  one 
of  which  is  now  rebuilding  very  curioufly  of  brick  and  Hone,  and 
is  advanced  to  the  roof.  There  is  a  convenient  market- }ilace,  and 
feveral  handfome  conduits,  built  of  ftonc.  The  city  is  divided  by 
a  great  pool  of  water,  which  lies  on  the  South  fide  the  cathedral, 
and  hath  two  ftone  bridges  over  it  at  either  end,  w^hich  are  in 
good  repair,  and  well  paved.  I  faw  at  -a  book  feller's  ••'•-•  here  an  old 
MS.  vellum,  containing  the' lives  and  a-fts  of  Ibme  of  the  arch- 
bilhops  of  Cantexbury,  St.  Auguitine,  Odo,  Thomas  Bccket, 
Dunftan,  and  Elphcegus,  written  in  a  good  hand,  I  believe,  about 
300  years  ago,  w'hich  MS.  I  bought.  Being  detained  here  by 
the  continual  rain,  which  occafioncd  the  greateft  floods  in  thcfc 
*  Father  to  Dr.  Samuel  Johnfon.     Edit. 

parts 


«6^  MR    S.    GALE'S    A  C  C  O  U  N  T    O  F 

parts  that  have  been  for  twenty  years,  1  drew  the  ground- plot  of 
the  church  of  Lichfield,  which  I  have  fent  to  Mr.  Willis  this 
evening. 

The  2  2d,  I  left  this  place,  and  came  that  night  to  Birming- 
ham, a  town  in  Warwickfliire,  known  all  over  England  for  its 
great  trade  in  the  iron  and  fleel  manufa6tory.  It  is  all  new-built 
of  brick,  and  there  are  feveral  i:)rivate  houfes  of  a  good  defign. 
The  moit  remarkable  buildings  are,  the  free-fchool,  founded  by 
king  Edward  VI.  It  is  now  rebuilt,  being  a  handfome  pile,  with 
two  wings  of  building,  fet  off  with  pilallers:  in  the  middle  of 
the  front  is  eredled  a  neat  fquare  tower,  and  in  it  a  nich,  with  the 
effiffies  of  the  founder,  and  his  name  cut  underneath  in  fair  white 
Itone. 

The  fquare,  which  is  very  regular,  the  houfes  being  of  an  equal 
heighth,  and  entrances  anfwer  cxacSlly  from  four  flreets;  the  area 
is  formed  into  grafs-plots  and  gravel-walks,  planted  with  trees. 

The  New  Church  is  an  oblong  building,  fpacious  and  light; 
the  walls  of  it  are  embelliflied  with  rullic  work,  and  fet  off 
■with  pilaflers  of  the  Doric  order,  with  a  proper  entablature  :  the 
h-a.A  end,  or  abcefs,  terminates  in  a  femicircle.  The  tower,  which 
is  to  be  a  fort  of  dome,  is  not  yet  built.  The  whole  is  of  a  good 
tafte,  and  defigned  by  Mr.  Archer*  The  market  here  is  well  fre- 
quented, and  the  town  very  rich  and  populous.  There  is  another 
church,  ancient,  but  well  repaired,  having  a  high  fpire  of  ftone, 
but  Handing  in  the  lower  part  of  the  towUi 

The  23d,  I  repaired  through  Coventry,  obferving,  as  I  came 
out  of  the  city-gate  leading  to  London,  on  the  left  of  the  road, 
the  ancient  houfe  of  the  White  Friars,  inhabited,  and  in  good  re- 
pair, alfb  the  old  gate- houfe  leading  to  it,  built  of  ftone,  and  a  cu- 
rious piece  of  Gothic  architedlure  entire. 

I  lay  this  night  at  an  obfcure  place  called  Frog-hall. 

The 


A  N  T  I  C^U  I  T  I  E  S     AT    NORTHAMPTON.  63* 

The  24th,  I  paffed  by  Holmby,  where  king  Charles  I.  formerly 
refidecl.  The  houfc  is  all  in  ruins,  and  hath  a  melancholy 
afped.  It  belongs  now  to  the  dntchefs  of  Marlborough,  as  1  was 
told.  A  little  below  is  Althorp,  a  fine  feat  of  the  earl  of  Sunder- 
land: it  is  well  wooded,  hath  fine  gardens,  and  my  lord  is  liill 
improving  it.  About  five  miles  hence  I  came  to  Northampton  in 
the  evening. 

On  the  morrow,  being  the  25th,  I  viewed  this  town,  which  is 
finely  fituate  upon  a  hill,  at  the  bottom  of  v/hich  is  a  fine  river, 
over  which  we  paiTed  upon  a  long  bridge  of  itone.  The  town  is 
extremely  well-built,  chiefly  of  fione;  the  houfes  are  very  ftately, 
many  of  them  fronted  with  pilafters  of  divers  orders,  and  orna- 
mented with,  feftoons  and  beautiful  portals,  of  a  neat  fymmetry. 
All  Saints  church  is  all  new-built,  of  a  regular  archite6ture  ;  at  the 
front  is  a  noble  portico  of  eight  columns  of  the  lonick  order,  fup- 
portingthe  entablature,  upon  the  middle  of  which  is  placed  a  fta- 
tue  of  king  Charles  II,  a  great  benefacftor  to  this  church,  who 
gave  it  a  thoufand  tons  of  timber,  and  remitted  feven  years  tax  of 
chimney  money  colledted  in  this  town  for  the  repair  thereof,  as 
appea^-s  by  the  infcription  in  the  frize  of  the  portico. 

On  the  North  fide  of  the  middle  door  is  the  followinir : 

Hereunder  lyeth  John  Bailes,  born  in  this  towne.  He  was  above  126  year? 
old,  and  had  his  hearing,  fight,  and  memory  to  the  LiR.  He  lived  in 
three  centuries,    and  was  buryed  the  14th  April,    1706. 

The  inlide  of  the  body  of  the  church  is  finely  pewed,  and  hath 
a  fine  Ikreen  of  wainfcot,  which  feparates  the  chancel.  The 
roof,  which  is  curioufly  adorned  with  fret-work,  is  fupported  by 
four  columns  of  the  Corinthian  order,  from  whence  in  the  mid- 
dle there  fprings  a  neat  dome,  covered  on  the  outfide  with  lead ; 
upon  the  dome  there  is  a  fmall  lantern  with  windows,  the  f  im- 
mit  of  which  is  beautified  with  a  ball  and  crofs,  gilded. 

4  The 


*64  MR.      S.     G  A  L  E'S      ACCOUNT      OF 

The  Seflions-houfe,  near  the  church,  is  a  ftately  edifice,  con- 
filling  of  along  front  towards  the  Itreet,  in  which  are  three  ob- 
long windows,  of  a  liandfonie  manner.  It  is  terminated  at  each 
end  with  a  magnificent  portal,  adorned  with  Corinthian  columns; 
over  which  is  placed  a  circular  pediment,  and  above  all  a  baluf- 
trade,  with  urns  and  other  ornaments,  which  have  a  very  good 
efFe<ft.  Nor  is  the  Square  inferior  to  many  of  the  bell  in  Eng- 
land, for  largenefs  or  elegancy  of  building.  It  is  here  the 
market  is  kept,  to  which  there  is  always  a  great  concourfe.  There 
are  three  ancient  churches,  beiides  the  laft  defcribed;  and  on  the 
North  Welt  lide  of  the  town,  fome  ruins  of  the  caille,  a  mount, 
with  a  deep  dry  ditch  and  wall  about  it,  and  fome  of  the  great 
gate  yet  Handing  ;  the  river  runs  at  the  foot  of  it.  A  little  out 
of  the  town,  on  the  fide  of  the  road  that  leads  to  London,  flands 
a  very  ancient  crofs,  to  the  pedeflal  of  which  you  afcend  by  eight 
fleps ;  it  is  finely  carved,  and  in  the  four  niches  are  placed  four 
flatues  of  queen  Eleanor,  and  under  them  the  arms  of  England, 
Portugal,  and  Caftile.  On  the  South  Weft  fide  is  affixed  a  mar- 
ble table,  with  a  Latin  infcription  in  memory  of  the  battle  of 
Blenheim,  at  which  time  this  antiquity  was  entirely  repaired ;  and 
at  the  top,  in  the  place  of  the  old  one  demoliflied,  a  new'  crofs 
is  fixed  of  this  form  ^,  which  is  the  only  one  in  England  now 
remaining  perfect,  that  I  know  of. 

The  24th  1  lefc  Northampton,  and  dined  at  Newport  Pagnel 
in  Bucks,  an  old  town,  feated  on  a  pleafant  river;  it  is  noted  for 
its  manufadloiy  of  lace  ;  it  hath  alfo  a  very  large  and  ancient,  I 
had  almoll  faid,  ruinous  parifli  church,  with  a  fquare  tower,  but 
no  remarkable  monuments  in  it.  I  fee  here  a  very  old  font,  with 
a  covering  of  wood,  carved  and  gilded,  not  unlike  the  fpire  of  a 
Gothic  lleeple.  In  the  afternoon,  paffing  by  Woburn,  I  beheld 
the  fine  feat  of  the  abbey,  now  the  young  duke  of  Bedford's,  be- 
ing quite  altered  and  rebuilt  by  this  family,     I  lay  this  night  at 

DunftaplCj 


JOURNEY     FROM     DUNSTABLE.  65* 

Diinftablc,  the  old  Magiovuiium  of  the  Romans,  and  pafling  by 
Verulam  and  St.  Alban's,  with  which  you  are  fo  well  acquainted 
that  no  plan  of  it  can  be  more  exa£t  than  what  you  have  obliged 
the  literati  with,  I  arrived,  after  a  very  agreeable  journey,  at  Lon- 
don ;  and  have  nothing  further  to  trouble  you  with,  but  to  alTure 
you,  that  I  am  always^  Sir, 

Your  moft  humble  fervant, 

S.    GALE. 


Mr.  R.  GaleV  Accotmt  of  his  'Tour  into  Scotland*,  1739. 


DEAR     BROTHERj  Scruton.  Aug.  .7, 

Laft  Sunday  morning  we  got  fafe  and  found  from  the  Northern 
regions,  without  either  bonny-creeper  or  yuke  upon  us.  We 
had  a  moft  pleafant  journey,  and  fplendid  entertainment  at  Edin- 
burgh from  feveral  perfons  of  diftinclion ;  and  I  muft  do  the  na- 
tion fo  much  juftice  as  to  declare,  nothing  can  be  more  polite  than 
their  gentry,  and  nothing  more  rude  and  miferable  than  their 
common  people,  who  feem  to  be  a  complete  compofition  of  ill- 
manners,  floth,  beggary,  and  naftinefs.  We  entered  the  ancient 
kingdom  by  Berwick,  and  travelled  through  a  fine  country  quite 
to  Edinburgh ;  wdieire  we  redded  in  great  affluence,  faw  all  the 
curiofities  of  the  place,  vifited  Leith,  the  duke  of  Buccleugh's  at 
Dalkeith,  and  the  lord  juftice  Clerk's  at  Burnfton,  about  three 
miles  out  of  the  town.  I  went  then  to  Mavis  Bank,  a  moft  de- 
lightful feat  of  baron  Clerk  :  the  houfe  built  by  himfelf  in  the 
true  Palladio  tafte,  and  exceeded  by  few  that  I  have  feen  either 

^  See  Mr.  R.  Gale's  letter  to  Mr.  Johnfoii  on  this  journey,  p.  323. 

[RELici:  Galean.  Part  L]  *K  for 


^66  M  R.    R.      GALE'S      A  C  C  O  U  N  T      OF 

for  fitnation,  wood,  or  water.  Dr.  Knight  was  detained  at  Edin- 
burgh by  the  iUnefs  of  his  fon,  who  had  a  pleuretic  diforder  upon 
him,  which  confined  him  molt  of  the  time  vre  were  there  ;  but, 
'by  bleeding,  three  times,  was  cured.  However,  the  do6tor  dined 
with. us  one  day  at  Mavis  Bank,  from  whence  we  returned  to 
Edinburgh,  and,  after  two  days  Hay,  went  to  another  feat  of  the 
baron's,  called  Pennycuik,  eight  or  nine  miles  from  the  town 
weflward.  This  is  a  larger  houfe  than  the  other,  in  the  antique 
tafte,  and  has  its  beauties  in  all  the  particulars  of  fituation  as  well 
as  the  other.  This  being  upon  the  road  to  Carlifle,  and  the  ba- 
ron offering  us  his  company  thither,  determined  us  to  enter  Eng- 
land that  way.  We  had  an  opportunity  of  lying  at  Moffat 
Waters,  that  have  the  fame  wholefome  fcent  as  thofe  at  Harrow- 
gate,  though  not  fo  flrong,  and  are  the  Tunbridge  of  Scotland. 
There  we  were  met  by  a  fon  of  the  baron's,  who  is  married  and 
fettled  in  that  country,  and  two  other  gentlemen,  who  accompa- 
nied us  within  five  miles  of  Carlifle,  fo  that  we  travelled  in  a 
troop  of  fourteen  or  fifteen  horfe,  through  a  mountainous  defart 
country,  fine  roads,  and  very  bad  entertainment,  except  bread  and 
wine,  which  are  excellent  in  the  pooreif  places  of  reception.  We 
dined,  as  we  thought,  at  a  place  called  Ecclefacchyn''-'^  fixteen  miles 
from  Carlifle,  in  a  wretched  hoft-houfe;  fome  of  us  got  ftools, 
others  fat  upon  the  bedfide  at  table;  but  Dr.  Knight  fpying  a 
black  gown  and  cufliion  upon  the  bed-tefter,  it  came  out  to  be  an 
epifcopal  church,  and  the  two  gentlemen  with  us  part  of  the  con- 
gregation. A  little  before  we  got  to  this  holy  place  we  viewed 
the  famous  Roman  camps  at  Burnework,  and  after  dinner  the 
veftigia  of  the  city  and  temple  of  Middleby,  of  which  you  have 
an  account  in  Mr.  Gordon's  "  Iter  Boreale,"  and  Horfley's  "Bri- 
tannia Romana."    We  faw  another  place  upon  the  road,    about 

*  The  little  church. 

feven 


A      T  OUR      I  N    i   O      S  C  O  1   L  A  N  D.  6f' 

fcven  miles  from  Peiuiytuik,  very  remarkable  for  fourteen  en- 
trenchments, one  above  another,  called  to  this  day  Romana,  with 
a  great  camp jurt  by  them;  but  what  is  the  moft  remarkable  is, 
that  the  gentleman  who  owns  thefe  works,  and  lives  among  them, 
has  written  a  hiltory  of  the  country,  and  never  mentions  one  word 
of  the  matter,  though  under  his  eye  every  day  of  his  life. 

Somebody  that  had  not  fo  much  reafon  to  fpeak  fo  well  of  the 
country  as  we  had,  or  whofe  converfation  lay  with  the  inferior  peo- 
ple, had  left  the  following  poetry  in  a  window  at  Bel  fort,  the  laft 
town  before  you  come  to  Berwick  : 

Cain,  in  difgrace  with  heaven,  retired  to  Nod, 

A  place,  undoubledly,  as  far  from  God 

As  Cain  could  wifh ;  which  makes  fome  think  he  went 

As  far  as  Scotland,  ere  he  pitched  his  tent ; 

And  there  a  city  built  of  ancient  fame, 

Which  he  from  Eden,  Edinburgh  did  name. 

So  much  for  Scotland.  A  little  news  from  you  of  old  England 
would  be  very  acceptable,  in  the  prefent  polture  of  affairs.  The 
box,  with  the  cloaths  and  books,  came  very  fafe,  under  the  feal  of 
original  fin  tied  to  the  outlide  of  it,  which,  I  fiippofe,  came  too 
late  to  go  under  cover.  Dr.  Knight  left  me  laft  Tuefday  morn- 
ing for  Bluntfiiam,  being  engaged  to  preach  three  times  next 
Sunday.     I  am,  dear  brother, 

Your  moft  affectionate  brother, 

R.  Gale. 


K  2  Pan 


*68  MR    R.    GALE'S    ACCOUNT    OF 


Part  of  a  Tour  in  Derby fliire,  by  Mr.  R.  Gale. 


The  wondeii"ul  prodigies  of  the  earth,  which  we  have  Lately 
viewed  in  the  Peak,  equally  gave  us  occalion  of  honour  and  ad- 
miration. Nothing  can  be  finer  or  more  admirable  than  that 
famous  pillar  which  the  queen  of  Scots  gave  a  name  to  when 
Ihe  was  in  this  cavern;  it  being  caJled  the  Queen  of  Scots  pil- 
lar, becaufe  that  unfortunate  princefs,  when  llie  came  to  fee 
thefe  countries,  Hopped  at  it,  and  went  no  further.  The  pillar 
is  naturally  of  the  Corinthian  order,  and  is  fo  curioufly  wreathed, 
that  it  would  be  difficult  for  an  artill  ever  to  imitate  it.  When 
a  man  furveys  the  prodigious  arches,  when  he  hears  the  impe- 
tuous waters  roaring  as  they  roll  through  the  rocks,  and  when 
he  views  the  amazing  precipices  which  he  is  obHged  to  pafs, 
furely  nothing  can  be  more  terrible  or  fliocking.  A  perpetual 
darknefs  reigns  in  this  difmal  region,  fo  that  every  one  of  us  was 
obliged  to  take  a  guide  with  a  candle.  We  went  as  far  as  we 
could,  and  at  the  further  end  we  difcharged  our  piftols,  whofe 
vail  loud  report  was  many  times  repeated  through  the  vaulted 
roofs  by  officious  Echo.  And  as  we  came  away,  we  left  a  can- 
dle on  a  rock  in  a  place  called  the  Needle's  Eye,  about  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  high  from  the  Queen  of  Scots  Pillar,  which  at  a  diftance 
appeared  like  a  bright  ftar.  When  we  had  got  out  of  this  dif- 
mal hole,  abundance  of  poor  w^omen,  who  attended  on  purpofe, 
gave  us  fome  water  and  herbs  to  wafli  our  hands  with,  which 
indeed  we  had  great  need  for.  There  is  nothing  elfe  worth 
noting  at  Buxton,  except  the  abundance  of  lead  mines  about  it ; 
fo  we  went  to  the  W^ells  again,  and  lay  there  all  night,  after 
having  fpent  the  evening  with  all  the  pleafure  and  fatisfadlion  we 

could 


A      TOUR      IN       DERBYSHIRE.  6j* 

could  expert  or  defiie  in  fuch  agreeable  company.  Wednefday 
morning,  \Tith  great  regret  and  unwillingnefs,  we  left  Buxton 
Wells,  and  parted  from  the  fair  Gloriana,  who  promifed  to  pray 
for  our  happy  journey,  and  went  to  fee  another  w  onder  of  the 
Peak,  called  Elden  Mole,  which  is  a  prodigious  bottomlefs  pit, 
with  a  difmal  large  mouth,  30  feet  long  and  18  broad.  1  he 
poor  people  brought  us  ftones  to  throw  down,  which  we  could 
hear  about  a  minute  as  they  were  falling  ;  but  Mr.  Cotton,  who 
let  down  700  yards  of  packthread  into  it,  tells  us,  that  it  is  un- 
fathomable, fo  that  the  noife  of  the  ftones  was  drowned  in  the 
bottomlefs  deep.  A  gentleman  benighted  near  this  place  en- 
quired at  a  neighbouring  houfe  for  a  guide  ;  two  fellows,  pre- 
tending to  diredt  him,  led  him  to  the  mouth  of  this  hole,  and 
defired  him  to  alight,  telling  him  it  was  fafer  walking  a  Itep  or 
two  through  a  llippery  way  ;  wdiich  he  complying  with,  they 
threw  him  into  the  hole,  for  the  bafe  lucre  of  his  horfe  and 
portmantua. 

From  hence  we  went  to  fee  another  wonder,  called  Mam  Tor, 
which  is  a  vaft  high  mountain  reaching  to  the  very  clouds,  and 
it  is  fo  great  a  precipice,  that  in  iformy  weather  ftones  and  dirt 
fall  from  it  fo  very  faft,  that  it  hath  made  another  large  conll- 
derable  hill  underneath  it  by  its  ruins.  From  viewing  this  vaft 
mountain,  we  went  to  Caftleton,  through  the  moft  frightful 
ways  I  ever  faw,  almoft  impaflable. 

Caft-leton  eight  miles.     Expences  i/.  Sj".  6d. 

We  arrived  at  Caftleton  about  two,  having  pafled  through  a 
ftony  lane  between  two  amazing  rocks,  which  hung  over  our 
heads,  and  feemed  to  us  impaflable.  Yet  our  guides,  to  increafe 
our  admiration,  told  us  that  a  fellow  who  had  ifolen  away  his  miftrefs, 
and  was  clofely  purfued  by  her  friends,  finding  no  other  w  ay  was 
left,  rode  up  one  pafs,  which  we  thought  impoflibleto  be  afcended, 
with  her  behind  him,  and,  according  to  his  defert  for  fo  bjld  a 

prco.f 


*]o  I\I  R.     R.     GALE'S     ACCOUNT     OF 

priiof  of  his  paffion,  carried  her  off.  We  rcfted  ourfclves  at 
Cultkton  a  linle,  and  then  went  into  that  unipeakable  wonder 
called  the  Devil's  a — ,  ^\  hich  is  out  of  my  power  to  deicribe  with 
jiiftice.  In.  the  entrance  or  mouth  there  is  a  Httle  village,  Hacks 
of  hay,  barns,  and  liables,  all  covered  over  by  the  mountains.  We 
went  through,  and  at  length  came  to  a  great  water,  which  we 
were  obliged  to  pafs  over  in  a  tub  made  for  that  purpofe,  wherein 
we  lay  hands  and  feet  together,  and  two  men  with  a  great  deal  of 
difficulty  guided  us  through;  for  their  heads  touched  the  rocks, 
and  they  were  almoit  up  to  their  Ihoulders  in  water.  Thus  we 
ferried  over  this  infernal  lake,  which  may  be  the  fpace  of  teii 
yards,  where  we  landed  again.  And  then  we  walked  for  about 
the  fpace  of  fifteen  yards  or  more  on  the  fands,  our  Charontic 
ferry-men  going  with  us,  and  carrying  the  prepofterous  boat  on 
their  Ihoulders,  that  we  might  crofs  over  the  next  water,  which 
we  did  with  fome  horror,  and  landed  fafely,  as  I  thought,  in  the 
other  world,  where,  on  the  rocks,  we  all  engraved  our  names. 
Here  wo.  w'cre  in  a  Hate  of  imaginary  purgatory,  and  therefore 
we  waflied  away  all  the  relicks  of  our  cares  in  the  woild  above 
us  with  the  bet>  ne6lar  and  ambrofia  we  could  get  to  carry  with 
lis  in  this  Elylian  piogrefs.  Then  we  walked  on  for  above  a 
quarter  of  a  mile,  as  we  could  guefs,  when  a  river  that  runs 
with  a  rapid  ftream,  and  furprizes  the  curious  ftranger  with  a  ter- 
rible noife,  bounds  this  kingdom  of  Erebus,  ai:d  flopped  our  fur- 
ther travel.  W^e  now  refolved  to  go  as  far  as  any  man  ever  did; 
\o  we  mounted  on  the  flioulders  of  our  guides,  and  rode  into  the 
middle,  where  w^e  fired  our  piflols,  which  gave  a  prodigious  re- 
port. But  although  it  thundered  and  lightened  mofl  of  the  time 
we  were  in  this  difmal  place,  we  knew  nothing  of  it  till  w£  came 
out.  After  we  had  fpent  two  or  three  hours  in  this  furvey,  we 
returned  by  a  different  way,  over  mountains,  if  I  may  fo  call  them, 
of  ftone  ;  and  when  we  were  got  upon  a  very  fteep  and  dangerous 

precipice, 


A     TOUR     IN      D  E  R  B  Y  S  H  I  II  E.  -t* 

precipice,  our  guides  at  the  bottom  put  a  candle  li^^htcil,  whitli 
everv  one  was  to  throw  at,  and  he  who  hit  it  firll  dov,  n  \\\is  to 
have  the  honour,  wliich  Mv.  Sloman  gained  by  performing  th'e 
exploit.  There  are  many  caverns  in  the  rocks,  v.iiich,  as  we 
went  through,  the  people  with  us  called  by  fevcral  names,  aivd 
at  laft,  with  a  great  deal  of  labour,  we  got  out  again,  palling  over 
the  fame  waters  I  before  mentioned  in  our  ferryboat,  and  ib  with 
joy  I  left  the  land  of  darknefs,  There  is  nothing  elfe  worthy  ob- 
fervation  at  Caftleton,  except  the  caiile,  which  being  built  upon 
a  high  mountain  over  the  Devil's  a — ,  we  had  much  fatigue  to 
climb.  It  could  never  be  very  ftrong,  but  now  indeed  is  only  a 
heap  of  ruins; 'and  feems  to  remain  as  it  were  a  monument  to 
fliew  pofterity  from  whence  the  town  derived  its  name.  On  one 
lidc  towards  this  town  we  had  from  this  caftle  a  pleafant  profpedt 
of  a  fine  valley,  and  paftures  furrounded  with  many  black  moun- 
tainous rocks ;  and  on  the  other  fide  prodigious  precipice?,  and 
mountains  joining  only  by  narrow  paffes,  which,  though  to  us 
they  appeared  dangerous,  is  the  common  road  for  the  neigh- 
bouring people.  Our  guide  acquainted  us  with  a  furprizing  ftory 
of  the  ftrange  deliverance  of  a  poor  fervant  fent  by  his  maimer  to 
condud;  fome  friends  through  one  of  thefe  paffes.  They  in  re- 
quital gave  him  a  great  quantity  of  ftrong  drink,  which  difordered 
him  to  that  degree,  that  as  he  returned  he  miffed  the  pale,  and 
fell  from  the  top  of  the  ftcep  mountain  into  the  valley  under  it, 
and  yet  did  himfelf  no  damage,  except  receiving  a  llight  wound  in. 
his  head,  and  his  horfe  was  not  fo  much  as  hurt.  He  lay  there 
till  he  got  fober,  and  then  was  forced  to  walk  home,  his  horfe 
having  made  the  beft  of  his  way  before  him. 

At  length,  being  well  tired  with  walking  up  and  down,  wc 
returned  to  our  inn,  and  there  enjoyed  ourfelves  all  night  with 
the  beft  entertainment  this  little  poor  ftony  town  couid  aftbrd. 
Expences  i  /.  i  o  j.  6  d. 

Chats- 


^i    '         U  R.    R.    G  A  L  E  '  S     A  C  C  O  U  N  T    0  !• 


Chats  wo  p*TH. 

The  next  day,  being  the  8th  of  Auguftj  we  left  Gaftleton,  and 
went  down  to  Chatfworth,  where  we  faw  the  noble  palace  of  the 
duke  of  Devonfliire,  another  furprizing  wonder  of  the  Peak, 
which  contains  about  60  acres  of  ground  in  the  houfe  and  gar- 
dens, and  is  fituated  on  a  rifing  rock  above  the  river  Darwent, 
which  runs  in  a  valley  between  two  mountains,  fo  that  it  can 
have  no  avenue;  and  it  is  in  the  moft  barren  country  imaginablCj 
ib  that  I  may  not  improperly  call  it  a  Paridife  in  the  defarts  of 
Arabia.  The  beft  view  of  the  houfe  is  on  a  bridge  which  is  over 
a  fmall  canal  before  the  houfe,  juft  above  the  river,  but  fupplied 
from  a  fpring  in  the  part  which  I  fliall  mention  by  and  by.  As 
we  entered  the  court  before  the  palace  we  made  our  remarks 
upon  the  fine  cart- iron  gate,  on  each  fide  of  which  runs  a  redi- 
linear  baluftrade  before  all  the  front  of  the  palace,  and  the  noble 
pedeftals  which  fupport  the  iron-work  at  both  ends,  whereon  are 
carved  the  trophies  of  war,  with  the  cypher  W .  R.  on  every  ftandard, 
and  on  the  top  of  each  pedeftal  lyes  a  beautiful  modern  fphynx. 
When  we  had  entered  the  gates  in  the  court  before  the  Weft  front, 
we  walked  on  till  we  afcended,  by  a  fine  voh'ere,  a  grand  terrace, 
faced  with  Tufcan  pilalters.  In  the  niches  are  bufts  of  ificle 
deities,  if  one  may  fo  call  them,  or  water-gods,  and  the  renflC' 
mens  of  the  pilailers  have-  froft-work.  The  houfe  is  built  in 
figure  of  an  oblong  fquare,  cloiftered  within  on  the  North  and 
South  fule ;  and  in  the  middle  of  the  fquares  is  a  noble  baibn,  ot 
u  mixed  ligure,  with  an  Italian  Arion  fitting  on  a  dolphin,  and  a 
jet(Tcau  plays  water  into  the  bafon  through  each  noftrii  of  the 
dolphin.  The  Weft  front  of  the  palace  contains  hine  windows, 
whofe  lafiies  are  finely  gilt  on  the  outfide*  Over  every  window- 
4  is 


A      TOUR      IN      D  "E  R  B  y  S  II  I  R  E.  7S'«^ 

is  caj'ved  the  Aag's  horiis,  part  of  the  tltike's  arms,   ami  between 
every  window  are  Ionic  pilaltcrs,    with   four  three-quarter  Ionic 
cohirans  fupporting  a  fronton  with  my  lord's  arms;   and  on  the 
South  iide  there  are  twelve  windows,  whofe  failles  are  alfo  gilt  on 
the  outlide,  and  only  four  Ionic  pilallers,  there  being  one  at  each 
eiid;  and  in  the  freize  on  the  South  fide   is  my  lord's  motto,  Ca- 
■vendo  tutus.      We  firft  entered  into  a  fpacious  hall,   paved  with 
excellent  marble,  with  as  curious  marble  over  the  chiraney-pi'ece. 
In  the  front  to  tlie  door  we  obferved  the  facrifice  to  Janus,  fb  na- 
turally done  that  it  perfedly  furprize-d  us;  and  on  each  fide  of 
the  facrifice  a  reprefentation  of  a  Roman   battle,   one  of  which 
was  that  of  A6lium,  fo  livelily  exprefled  that  it  moved  us  with 
horror;   on  the    left  fide    is  the  tragedy  of  Caefar  killed  in    the 
fenate-houfe,   w'here  that  barbarous  murder  appears  to  the  very 
3ife,   and  moves  the  generous  fpe<ft:ator  to  the  abhorrence  of  fo 
bloody  and  treacherous  a  fait.      The  other  part  of  the  hall  is  fet 
-off  with   frefco.       On   the  roof  or  plafond    we  faw  painted  a 
felHon  of  the  gods,  and  every  jialhon  is  fo  extremely  well  ex- 
prefled  that  it  raifed  the  iitmolt  admiration.       We  afcended  a 
noble  voliere  of  marble,  with  iron   balufters,   which  confifts  of 
eighteen  tteps  on  each  fide  of  an  arch  ;  and  we  obferved  there  are 
placed  in  feveral  niches  curious  marble  urns,   whofe  flames  are 
gilt.      Under  the  llair-cafe  we  palTed  through  a  finq  alcove,   and 
feveral  other  rooms,  to  a  neat  bathing-place,  which  is  lined  with 
excellent  marble;   but  when  we  came  back,  and  re-afcended  thefe 
voliere  flairs,  we    went  through  a  large  dining-room  to  the  fa- 
mous long  gallery,  which  is  reputed  to  be  one  of  the  beft  finiOied 
pieces  in  the  world.      Here,  in  feveral  pannels,  are  painted  the 
flories  of  Paflor  Fido  to  admiration,   and  the  fcenes  are  fo  livelily 
reprefented,  that  one  would  almoft  think  every  figure  was  a(fling 
its  part  in  tjiat  famous  play.     This  gallery  is  adorned  with  Ionic 
pilallers,   and  there  are  gilt  flower- pots  between  them,   and  the 
[ReliQ;  Galean.  Pait  I.]  *L  capitals 


#74  MR.      R.     G  A  L  E  '  3      A  C  C  O  U  N  T      OF 

capitals  and  bales  are  gilt,  and  the  fliafrs  are  of  a  porphyry  colour. 
On  the  mantle-piece,  in  a  iquare  pannel,  feveral  curious  figures 
in  bajfo  relievo ;  and  on  each  fide  the  chimney  is  a  nich,  with  an 
ItaUan   buft  in  it.      Next  to  the  gallery  is   a  noble  perfpedtive 
room.      We  were  afterwards  led  into  a  noble  ftaircafe  of  marble, 
leading  to  feveral  fine  apartments,   which  are  adorned  with  va- 
rious paintings.      In  one,   the  triumph  of  the  moon,  with  all  her 
attendants,  and  round  it  the  twelve  figns  of  the  Zodiac.      In  ano- 
ther is  the  ftory  of  Phaeton,   extremely  well  done  by  Shurroon  *, 
and  nothing  certainly  can  exceed  the  defer iption  of  the  painter. 
It  reprefents  to  us  Phoebus,  as  it  were  with  a  great  deal  of  regret, 
giving  to  his  ralli  fon  the  command  of  the  chariot  of  the  fijn.      It 
leems  to  tell  us  with  what  wonderful  concern  he  gave  his  fatal 
inil;rui5fions  to   the  attentive  youth.      Then  we    lee  the  horfes 
foaming  and   biting  their  bitts,     mad».to  proceed  on  their  ac- 
cuftomed  journey,  and  poor  Phaeton  (o  eager  to  take  bis  father's 
rays,  that  he  feems  infenfible  of  his  approaching  ruin.      In  the 
ftaircafe  1  mentioned  before,  we  faw  the  triumphs  of  Europe  over 
the  other  parts  of  the  world,  with  the  reprefentation  of  Ceres  at- 
tending her,   and  with  many  other  proper  emblems;   and  at  the 
uppermoft  landing-place  of  this  ftaircafe,  we  faw  two  of  the  fineft 
marble  doorcafes  in  the  world,  which   led  into  each  fide  of  the 
houle.      There  is  in  one  room  a  fine  piece  of  painting,  defcribing 
the  feveral  Virtues  and  Vices.      In  feveral  rooms  are  noble  pieces 
of  tapeftry,  of  gold,  lilver,  and  filk,  done  at  Bruifels  by  Vander- 
bufli.      One  reprefents  the  ftory  of  Jupiter  and   Leda,  where  the 
deceitful  god  is  turned  into  an  imaginary  fwan  to  enjoy  her.      In 
another  ApoUo,  and  the  fifters,    and  their  mother  Niobe  weeping 

*  Louis  CI.K'ron  car.ie  to  England  on  account  of  his  religion  1695,  and  was  em- 
ploj'ed  at  tlie  duke  of  Montague's  at  Boiighton,  at  Burleigh,  and  at  Chaifworth, 
where  he  pointed  rhclidcs  of  the  galleiy  ;  a  very  poor  performance.  He  had  be- 
fore fallen  into  difilleem  when  he  painted  at  Montague-houfe,  wlicre  he  was  much 
furpalTed  by  BaptiO,  lloitireau,  and  La  Folle.    Waxpole,  Anecd.  of  Paint.  III.  iji. 

into 


A      TOUR      IN      D  V.  R  13  Y  S  II  I  U  r.  75* 

into  ftone  ;  by  them  Juj)iter  and  Ganymede;   in  anoiher  the  Rape 
of  the  Sabine  women  ;   ami  in  another  their  reconciUation.    There 
is  a  very  neat  chapel,  paved  with  curious  marble,  and  lined  with 
cedar.      The  duke's  f'^nllery  is  fupported  by  four  piharsoftiie  Co- 
rinthian order,  the  capitals  and  bafes  being  white,  and  the  fliafts 
black,   and  the  nich  in  the  middle,  where  my  lord  fits,  is  adorned 
with  a  great  deal  of  Watfon's  carved  work.      There  is  a  glorious 
altar  of  marble,  fupported   by  two  black  columns  on  white  pe- 
deftals,  which  altar  is  afcended  to  by  three  Heps.      There  is  a  dove 
between  two  large  figures  of  Jullice  and  Mercy,  and,  there  is  a 
fine  painting  over  that,  reprefenting   our  Saviour's  appearing  to 
St.  Thomas.     In  the  court  of  the  altar  are  marble  cherubs,  and 
round  the  chapel  are  painted  the  leveral  miracles  of  our  Saviour. 
Befsdes  all  thefe  mentioned  here,  there   are  incredible  quantities 
of  fine  paintings  by  Sharroon,  Vcrrio,  Laguerre,  and  others,  v^hich 
our  time  would  not  permit  us  to  be  over  particular  in  taking  an 
account  of.      Mofl:  of  the  marble  is  dug  out  of  neighbouring 
quarries,  and  many  fliafts  of  pillars  are  of  one  entire  piece.      The 
carving  is  done  by  one  Watfon  of  Derbyfiiire,   and  we  were  told 
that  three  rooms  coil  in  carving  1500/.      There  are  a  world  of 
fine  feftoons,  flower-pieces,  and  trophies,  and  the  fculptures  are 
almoft  inimitable.      We  faw  Ibme  furniture;  but  as  vet  the  houfe 
is  not  quite  finiflied.   Here  is  to  be  a  colonade  on  the  North  fide  to 
anfvver  that  on  the  South,  and  a  femicircular  piece  of  building  for 
the  kitchens  and  outhoufes.     The  rich  beds  arc  not  let  up;  but 
when  we  had  infinitely  fatisfied  our  curiofities  within  doors,  and 
w^ere   entertained  by   the  duke's  command,    we  went  into  the 
gardens,  which  filled  our  eyes  with  frefli  objedls  of  delight  and 
admiration;  and   they  are  the  more  wonderful    becaufe  they  are 
cut  out  of  a  barren  rock.      That  part  of  the  garden  that  rifes 
above  the  Eafl  fide  of  the  palace   has  terraces  to  the  cafcade, 
which  I   Ihall  mention  by  and  by.     There  is  a  large  grotto,  in 

''■  L  2  ^vhich 


*76      MR.      R.       GALE'S      ACCOUNT     OF 

which  are  feveral  fountains  continually  playing.  There  is  a 
\\illow--tree  in  the  center  of  a  vvildernefs,  which  fpouts  out  of 
every  branch  and  every  leaf;  and  there  are  feveral  bafons,  with 
a  jet  d'eau  humouring  the  tree,  and  the  whole  wildernefs  is 
guarded  with  fatyrs.  Another  fountain  is  a  duck,  which  fpouts 
out  of  its  month.  There  is  aUo  a  charming  long  arbour  near  the 
'wildernefs.  There  is  likewife  a  fir- wildernefs,  with  three  ba- 
ifons,  and  figures  in  each,  in  which  is  a  gravel  walk  through. 
From  this  we  entered  a  parterre  dejiatues,  which  reaches  from= 
the  grand  etang  to  the  fir- wildernefs.  .  There  is  alfo  a  garden 
by  the  ftables,  which  has  got  a  good  etang^  with  a  green-houfe  at 
the  end,  and  a  bafon  in  the  midll'.  In  Xhe,  parlsrre  dejisurs,  cor- 
refponding  to  the  South  front,  is  a  bafon  with  a  groupe,  being 
Neptune  in  the  midfl  of  four  fea-hoifes,  wonderfully  line,  with- 
the  water  fpouting  out  of  their  mouths  and  noftrils,  and  between- 
the  legs  of  each  ^jet  d'eau  playing.  At  the  end  of  the  parterre 
defi'eurs  is  a  handfome  baluftrade,  whkh  parts  it  from-  the  grand- 
canal,  at  the  head  of  which  are  two  Italian  iVatues.  From  this  we 
went  into  the  bowling-green  on  the  South  Ikle,  where  is  a  noble 
fummer-houfe,  open,  and  fupported  by  four  Doric  pillars. 
There  are  feveral  niches  in  it  with  ftatvies^  and  the  plafond  is- 
handfomcly  painted.  In  the  center  of  the  garden  beneath  is  an 
oval  bafon,  with  a  fountain  reprefcnting  the  court  of  Neptune  ;; 
and  to  thefe  add  a  noble  canal,  with  walks  on  each  fide,  where,. 
as  from  heaven,  one  may  iiirvey  the  diliant  horrors  of  the  king- 
dom of  Erebus  in  the  dilhial  country  round  about  us.  But,  1 
believe,  what  will  be  mod  admirable,  when  finifned,  is  the  noble 
cafcade,  which  the  duke  is  now  making.  The  ciitern  is  on  the 
top  of  a  very  high  rocky  mountain,  and  the  defcents  from  the 
top  confill  of  24  falls,  each  24  feet  fquare;  and  in  every  other 
f:;ll  there  are  five  breaks,  and  at  the  bottom  ..... 

Here  the  MS.  ends  i?nperf&o//y. 

Mr, 


A  N  T  I  Q_U  I  T  I  E  S      A  T    K  I  N  G  S  B  U  R  Y.        if 


iVi/".  S.  Gale's  Ol{fervaiio?ts  onYJmg^hwvj.,  Middlefex* 


St.  George's  Day, 

1751. 

The  latter  end  of  laft  fLimmer  being  obliged  to  pay  a  vifit  to  a 
fmall  village,  called  i^/>^y/;^/;v,  in  the  county  of  Middlelex,  and- 
the  hundred  of  Goar,  about  eight  miles  North  Weft  from  Lon- 
don, and  between  Harrow  on  the  Hill  and  the  great  Roman 
road  (fince  named  Watling-ftreet)  that  leads  from  L.ondmium 
to  Sulloniaca^  and  fo  on  to  Verulam'mm^  from  which  Via  Mili- 
taris  it  is  about  one  mile  Weftward,  at  its  neareft  diftance  ;  as 
the  name  of  Kingfbury  had  fomething  of  antiquity  in  it,  my 
curiofity  excited  me  to  make  fome  farther  enquiry  into  it.  I 
mult  therefore  obierve,  that  the  term  Bury  amongfk  our  Saxon 
writers  fometimes  fignities  a  burgh  or  town,  fometimes  a  Villa^ 
■Regia,  a  ])alace,  royal  refidence,  or  rural  retreat  and  pleafure 
houfe  of  fome  Roman  general,  and  in  procefs  of  time  inhabited 
b,y  , our, Saxon  kings  and  i)rinces.  Thus  the  li\.o\r\-3in  Filla  Fauf- 
tina^  called  Bederickfwortb  by  the  Saxons,  is  at  prefentthe  famous 
St.  Edmund's  Bury  in  Suffolk.  We  have  alfo  another  K.ingfbury 
juft  without  the  town  of  St.  Alban's  Northward,,  a  Filla  Regia, 
the  royal  manor  and  refidence  of  Offa,  king,  of  Meircia,  founder 
of  St.  Albans,  anno  7 '''■-.  And  by  anotiier  ancient  writer  it  is 
called  OJcC  Municipiutit  Regale,  a  grand  Roman  ap}>ellative,-  no- 
lefs  than  a  towii.  enjoj^ing  all  the  privileges  granted  by  that 
gieat  people  f.  i^ujt  ,i»;hich  of  our  Saxcni  kings  refided  at 
this  villa  in  MitldlefeK  I  am  writing  of,  is,  I  think,,  dif- 
iicult  to  determine,  for  want  of  authentic  evidence,  unlefa 
probably    it    might  be    king  Ethelward,    who  gave  the   neigh- 

_;'••*  ^^ee  Willis's  Min-ed  Abbics,  vol.  I.  p.  iS. 

^\  'ii^t  LeUndiCclUdanea^tomAW.    164,  /^r  flearne.    Oson» 

I  bouring 


^•7-8  MR.    S.     GALE'S    ACCOUNT    OF 

bouring  manor  of  Ilampflead  to  Weilminfter  Al)bey,  anno  Do- 
n^ini  986  *  ;  yet  it  is  highly  probable  that  there  was  here  a  Villa 
Rc'inaim^  it  being  a  moft  delightful  lituation,  upon  a  great  rifing 
eminence,  furrounded  with  woods,  and  walhed  by  the  little  river 
Brenta,  the  name  of  a  famous  river  near  Padua.  1  am  further 
confirmed  in  this  opinion,  by  obferving  in  a  clofe,  on  the  North 
fide  of  Kingsbury  caemitery,  the  veftiges  of  ruins  of  buildings, 
which  have  been  dug  up,   and  carried  elfewhere. 

Upon  the  decline  of  the  Roman  empire  in  Britain  under  Ho- 

norius,  the  Saxons,   after  they  got  poffeifion  of  the  illand,  gene- 

•rally  made  choice  of  the  cities,   villas,   and  other  buildings,  which 

ihad  been  fo  elegantly  erected  by  their  Roman  predeceffors  ;   the 

-firfV  for  ilrength,   the  others  for  diverfion  and  rural  pleafures,  of 

which  the  ftupendous  walls,   the  teffelated  pavemcnte,   the  hy- 

pocaulfs,   their  theatres,  baths,   and  military  ways,   are  flill  the 

fubfiihng  proofs.      Adjacent  to  thefe  ruins,   where  I  conjetfture 

the   fite  of  Kingsbury,   the  Villa  Regia,  to  have  been,  I  was  to 

^iew  the  church  and  caemitery,  both  which  are  included  in  the 

area  of  a  Roman  camp,   which  is  of  an  oblong  figure,   defended 

by  double  ramparts,  with  a  ditch  between  them.     The  length  of 

the  outer  rampart  is  two  hundred  and  ten  feet,  the  breadth  one 

liiu;idred  and  eighty  nine,  the  ditch  nine.     The  entrenciiments 

by  all-devouring  Time  are  much  depreflTed  and  trod  down.    The 

Southern  ramparts  are  quite  levelled  to  mend  the  roads,  and  a 

rail  fet  up  in  their  ftead  to  fecure  that  fide  of  the  church  yard; 

thofe  at  the  Well:  end  are  now  fcarcely  vifible. 

This  camp  is  railed  upon  the  higheft  ground  in  this  part  of  the 
country,  from  whence  I  imagine  it  to  have  been  one  of  the 
Cajlra  Exploraiorum  of  the  Romans,  raifed  to  fecvire  themfelves 
in  their  various  marches  againll  any  fudden  incurlion  of  their 
enemies,  and  where  they  ftayed  perhaps  but  one  or  two  nights. 

*  Widmore's  Hiflory  of  Weftminfter  Abbey,  p.  9. 

With 


A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I E  S       AT     K  I  N  G  S  B  U  R  T.        7.;  » 

With  regard  to  thofe  canips,  the  great  and  learned  Monf.  Ber- 
gier,  in  his  "  Hiftoire  des  Grands  Chemins,"  hb.  IV.  cap.  6. 
fe£t.  3.  gives  us  a  very  clear  and  diftindt  iiluilration  :  "  Pour  les 
"  lieux  lefquels  dansl'Itineraire  font  iurnomez  du  nom  de  Cq/lra^ 
*'  c'eftoient  places  que  les  Romains  fortifioient  eux  mefmes  des 
*'  ramparts  8c  des  fofles,  pour  s'y  loger  en  affurance  contre  les 
*'  fubites  incurfions  des  ennemis.  De  ces  camps  les  uns  fe  fai- 
*'  foient  pour  y  demeurer  un  nuitoudeux,et  les  autres  pour  y  faire 
*'  un  long  fejour.  Les  premiers  eftoient  denomez  du  nom  general 
"  de  ,  Cajlra^  Sc  quelquefois  de  Manfio  ;  comme  qui  diroit  un 
«'  gifte." 

From  hence  we  have  a  good  light  into  the  origin  and  ufe  of 
many  other  Roman  camps  found  in  various  parts  of  Britain, 
though  not  always  fituated  upon   or  near  the  great  Ronian  roads. 

As  to  the  antiquity  of  this  camp  in  particular,  I  am  firmly  of 
opinion,  it  was  one  of  tl>ofe  thrown  up  by  Julius  Cecfar-^-,  after  his 
famous  paflage  over  ■U^'e.rThg.mes  at  Gowey  Stakes  t,  in  his  hafty 
purfuit  and  m^Tch  after  king  Caffibelane  and  the  Bri'.ifh  army, 
who  tied  precipitately  to  the  Qppidum  CaJJivelauni^  a  fituation 
very  much  agreeing  with  Gsefar's  defcription  of  a  Britiili  town,  a 
place  encompalTed  with  woods  and  fens, :  I  prefume,  the  prefent 
Callio  Bury  in  Hertfordlhire.  The  camp  at  Kingfbury  is  about 
half  way  from  Slieppcrton  (a  village  on  tlie  North  bank  of  the 
Thames,  near  which  Ctefiir  mull  have  landed,  and  behind 
\vhich  town  are  the  remains  of  a  large  C^^yrz/w  of  that  general's), 
and  the  CaJJliJelaum  Oppkium,   though  not  in,,  a  direft  line,   but 

*  Dr.  Stukelcj'  was  ,of  tbe  lame  opinion  :  that  itwas  C^far's  fccond  camp  (ane  at 
Tlounflow  being  the  firfi) '.ifcer  palling  the  Thames.  He  defcribes  it  as  "  now  tlie 
":  church-yavd,vifib!e  enough,  its  tifuatiou  hit)h,  and  near  the  river  Brent:  the 
"  church  Ihmds  in  the  middle  'of  it,  built  of  Roman  bricks  irom  Verulam."  Itin.  II. 
p.  2.     1  he  church  has,  been  rebuilt. 

■f  See  Mr.  S.  G.tle's  leuer-'to  Dr.  Ehicarel,  on  Cowey  Srakcs,  in  the  Re!iquir  Ga- 
leanse,  p.  197.     See  alio  p.  474. 

fuch 


"-v8vo  MR.     S.     GALE'S     ACCOUNT      OF 

fiich  as' the  woods,  mbraiTeSj  and  wildnefs  of  the  country  at  that 
time,  obliged  him. to  take  as  the  moft  lafe  and  expeditious.  For 
the  great  Roman  military  way,  or  Watling  Street,  leading  from 
■l^ondinium  to  Fendcimium,  was  not  then  in  being,  but  has  been 
the  work  of  fome  fuccecding  emperors,  after  their  government 
and  police  became  more  fettled  aiul  eltablilhed  in  Britain,  proba- 
bly in  the  reign  of  Claudius  or  Vefpalian,  under  the  diredtion  of 
Julius  Agricola,  his  lieutenant  or  governor,  who  had  refided  here 
-many  years,  whofe  whole  defign  was  chiefly  to  civilize  the  bar- 
barous people,  cultivate  the  country,  and  introduce  the  art  of 
building  in  general. 

But,  that  I  may  not  trefpafs  too  much  upon  your  time  and  pa- 
tience, 1  fliall  only  add  a  few  obfervations  upon  the  church  of 
Kingfbury,  as  it  may  tend  fvtrther  to  illuftrate  the  fabje6l  I  am 
Avriting  about.  It  is  a  neat  and  ancient  fabric  *,  the  foundations  of 
which  at  the  Eaft  end,  and  the  walls  for  a  confiderable  height 
where  the  plaiftering  is  decayed,  I  found  to  be  built  of  Roman 
bricks,  feveral  of  which  as  they  lay  in  the  walls  1  meafured,  and 
iound  of  the  fubfequent  dimenllons: 

Inches. 
1 6^  long. 
ji}  broad. 
1^-  thick. 

One  need  not,  I  think,  be  much  at  a  lofs  to  account  for 
the  Roman  materials  with  which  our  Chrillian  temple  was 
ere6tedj  fince  the  ruins  of  the  Villa  Regia  fo  near  at  hand  could 
readily  fupply  all  the  demands  of  the  firft  architeft. 

At  the  entrance  into  the  church,  at  the  North-Weft  corner, 
there  is  a  very  antique  font,  the  form  and  cavity  of  which  very 
much  refemble  the  fragment  of  a  rough  unpoliflied  rock,  vaftly 

*  There  is  a  reprefentatlon  of  it  in  Chatelain's  "  Fifty  Views  round  London." 

injure^ 


ANTIQUITIES      AT     KINGSBURY.         8i«^ 

injured  by  age,  rudis  indigejlaque  moles.  The  figure  has  been  an 
odtagon,  but  its  angles  are  fcarcely  vifible,  and  there  are  feveral 
great  cracks  in  its  fides,  fo  that  the  baptifi:nal  water  is  held  in  a 
leaden  refervoir  circular  within  the  cavity.  The  breadth  of  the 
church  at  the  Weft  front  is  27  feet. 

The  only  remaining  fepulchral  monument  of  the  remotell 
3era  here  is  a  large  blue  Hone  in  the  nave,  with  the  effigies  of  a 
man  and  his  two  wives,  one  on  each  fide  of  him ;  under  them 
their  eighteen  children,  and  the  following  infcription,  all  in  brafs 
plates ; 

Pray  for  the  foules  of  John  Sherrard, 

And  Ann  and  Mathild  his  wifes,  which 

Johndeceafed  15  April,  the  year  of 

our  Lord  M°V"XX°  on  whofe  foules 

Jefu  have  mercy. 

The  dean  and  chapter  of  St.  Paul's  are  the  patrons  of  the  liv- 
ing.    I  am,  with  very  great  refpedl.  Sir, 

Your  very  humble  fervant, 

S.  Gale. 


[Reliq.  Galean.  Parti.]  *  M  Mr, 


■Hz  MR.    S.    GALE'S     ACCOUNT     OF 


ATr.  S.  Gale's  j^ccount  of  Barden,  Tunbridge,  ^c. 


At  Barden,  near  Tunbridge  Wells,  Kent,  is  a  furnace  for  melt- 
ing iron  ore,  whicb  is  found  in  great  quantities  in  this  part  of 
the  county,  and  refembles  very  much  fine  tiles  when  burned  to 
a  vvhitifli  colour  and  broken  in  pieces,  having  in  them  fome  veins 
of  iron  of  a  rufty  mixture.  The  furnace  is  built  of  ftone,  in 
form  of  a  chimney.  The  ore  and  charcoal,  with  which  the  fire 
is  made,  are  poured  out  of  b.ilkets  in  at  the  to[)  of  the  chimney, 
to  which  they  afcend  by  a  fcaffold.  The  ore  being  melted  runs 
out  at  the  bottom  of  the  furnace  into  beds  of  land,  laid  in  grooves, 
and  when  taken  thence  is  called  yozy^  iroji.   . 

This  Ibwe  iron  is  afterwards  carried  to  another  fire  of  charcoal, 
where  it  is  melted  into  different  pieces  or  lumps.  Thefe  lumps 
are  again  taken  and  heated  red  hot-  at  a  forge,  whofe  hammer  is 
lifted  up  by  four  cogs  of  a  wheel,  turned  by  a  current  of  water 
to  what  force  they  pleafe.  They  are  beat  out  into  bars  of  what 
thicknefs  or  length  is  thought  convenient.  The  whole  machine, 
as  to  the  labouring  part  of  blowing  the  bellows,  and  hammering 
out  the  bars,  is  all  performed  by  two  wheels,  the  one  overfliot,  the 
other  underlliot,  to  which  the  water  is  conveyed  from  a  large 
pond  or  head  of  water  through  troughs  that  are  opened  or  fliut 
by  fmall  fluices  pulled  up  and  down  by  a  fmall  cord  within  the 
forge  by  the  labourer;  the  whole  work  being  M'ith  the  greateft 
expedition  performed  by  a  man  and  a  boy,  as  far  as  relates  to 
the  working  of  the  iron. 

The  Wells  at  Tunbridge,  w^hich  confift  of  two  bafons,  are  in- 
cluded in  a  triangular  area,  paved  with  fquared  ftone,  arid  encom- 
paffed  with  the  walls,  in  one  of  which  is  the  entrance  by  a  dcfcfeht 

under 


TUNBRIDGE     AND     P  E  N  S  H  U  R  S  T.        -.Si" 

under  a  large  flone  arch,  adorned  with  pyramids ;  and  over  the 
kej'-ftone  was  a  coat  of  arms  of  the  ancient  lord  of  the  manor,  but 
now  taken  away  by  Mr.  Conyers,  the  jDd'efent.  The  old  date  above 
the  arms  ftill  remams,  1666,  at  which  time,  1  prefiime,  the  whole 
ftru6ture  was  eredled.  The  waters  are  impregnated  with  a  ftrong 
chalybeat  tindure,  which  is  moil:  perceived  by  wafliing  the 
hands  in  it. 


At  Penfliurft,  a  feat  of  the  earl  of  Leicefter,  in  Kent,  in  the 
picfture-gallery  are,  1727, 

An  ancient  picture  of  Mary  queen  of  Scots,  a  full  length. 
A  three-quarters  piece  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney. 

In  the  little  clofet, 

Several  minatures  of  the  Hillyards. 

A  very  ancient  head  of  William  Warham,  archbifliop  of  Can- 
terbury. 

A  fine  head  of  Sir  Bryan  Tuke,  3et.  57. 

Drol^  et  avant. 
Another  of  his  lady,  as  believed,  and  both  of  Holbein, 


'••'■  M  2  Curious 


^84  MR.    S.    GALE'S    DESCRIPTION    OF 


Curious  Memoranda   relative    to  English  and  Foreign 
Antiquities,  by  Mr.  S.  Gale. 


Super  effigiem  Lutheri  : 

Nos  D.  G.  Johannes  Willielmus  dux  Saxonin?,  landgravlus  Duringis  marcfiio 
Mifni.T,  banc  Lutheri  effigiem,  non  cultusj  fed  memorice  gratia  pofuimus, 
A.  D.  MDLXXI. 

Peftis  cram  vivus,  moriens  ero  mors  tua,  Papa. 

In  margine  tabula, 

Martinus  Lutherus,  theologi?E  doftor,  conflanteretiam  in  ipfo  mortis  articulo 
tefUficans  veram  et  neceflariam  ecclefije  do(f^rinam  effe  quam  docuiffetj  et  ani- 
ipara  fuam  Deo  in  fide  domini  noftri  Jefu  Chriili  commendans. 

Supra  caput  Lutheri, 

Ex  hac  mortal!  vita  evocatus  eft  anno  ast.  fua5  LIII.  cum  ecclefiam  Dei  i" 
hoc  oppido  aniios  amplius  XXX.  pie  et  feliciter  rexiffet ;  corpus  vero  ejuS 
hie  fepukum. 

Ex  utraque  parte    capitis,    fcutum    exhibens   rofam   crucein 
Chhiti  includentem.  V  I  V I  T. 

EffaicE  Lll.     ^am  fpeclofi  pedes  evangelizantium  pacem  I 

Hasc  erat  effigies  operofe  fafta  Luthero 

Poflet  ut  ad  cineres  ejus  habere  locum. 
Paffa  fuere  tamen  non  illuc  tempora  poni  j 

Tunc  pure  concuITis  anxia  rebus  eranr. 
Inclytus  hac  Saxo  Guliehnus  in  ade  locari 

Juffit,  et  huic  urbi  tale  dicavit  opus. 
Non  ut  vana  fides  aliquo  celebretur  ab  ufu,. 

S  gna  fed  admoneant  hujus  ut  ifta  tiri 
Aufijice  Teutonicis  quofraus  innotuit  oris 

Qua  Chrifli  populos  impia  Roma  premit.^ 

(Qui 


ENGLISH    AND  FOREIGN    ANTIQ^U  ITI  ES.        85' 

Qui  tu lit  auguflos  Latii  feptemvir  honores 

Imperii  magnis  Jan-Fredericus  aris, 
ElTet  ut  hsc  lanftaj  doftrins  ftrcnua  cuftos,  ' 

Condidit  ad  Salaj  puichra  fluenta  fcholam, 
[  Quae  tumidos  dod:o  coniiinderet  ore  fophiflas, 

Ncc  fineret  falfis  dogmata  vera  premi. 
Sed  quia  mox  letas  mundi  trahit  aigra  ruinara 

Pullulat  errorum  nunc  numerofa  leges. 
Chride,  tui  nobis  ergo  decus  affere  verbi 

Ut  fint  qui  vera  te  pietate  colant. 
H.Olitisf. 

Ko>u  Torguate,  genus,  non  te  faaindia,  non  te 

Rejlituet  pktas.  Hor.  4  Carm.  vii.  22. 


A  fine  piece  of  alto  releivo,  being  4  feet  5  inches  in  breadth, 
and  3  feet  7  inches  in  height,  in  white  marble,  reprefentino-  the 
tent  of  Darius,  in  which  the  figures  of  Alexander,  Parmenio,  and 
Sifigambis  are  very  bold,  the  guards,  flaves,  and  attendants  under 
the  tent  being  well  grouped.  On  the  border,  in  the  inlide  of  the 
tent,  is  cut  the  following  infcription, 

CHRISTOPHERVS    VEIRENIES   TRITENSIS   FECIT   AQVIS. 

There  was  a  date,  but  was  cut  out.  It  feemed  to  be  1575.  This 
w\is  brought  over,  with  feveral  cabinets  inlaid  with  brafs,  marble 
bufts,  and  medallions  of  the  Roman  emperors,  which  fculptures 
were  colleded  in  France  by  Mr.  Hubert,  and  the  tent  fold  to  my 
lord  Cobham  for  75/.  i  2  j-^ 


An  infcription  upon  the  die  of  a  pedeflal  in  the  pidure  of  my 
lord  Inchiquin,  drawn  by  Mr.  Highniore,  anno  1729; 

Prcchonorabilis  Gulielmus  comes 

et  baro  de  Inchiquin  et 

bare  de  Barren  in  com.  Glare 

in  regno  Hibernis  et 

AnnquiiTimas  Soc.  Latomorum  acceptorum 

A°  M''  5727°  archimagifter. 

Glier  Ciowper,  Ar®  iplius  ea  occafione,, 

Locumenti  memoriae  ergo. 

D.  D. 

Over 


^S6         M  il.     S.     G  A  ],  E  '  S    DESCRIPTION    OF 

Over  the  Weft  door  of  tke  church  at  GrantchefteriieariCum- 
l)ridge,  hy  Venerable  Bede,  Hift.  EccJ.  called  "  Civitatula  vetus." 
are  two  cfcutcheons  carved  in  ftone  :  i .  Arms  of  the  fee  of 
Ely.      2.    Or,  a  chevron  fable  between  3  croffes  fitche  of  the  fame. 

Thefe  arms  are  likev-afe  dcpided  m  the  firft  window  cyi  the 
right  hand,  as  you  enter  PeterhcDufe-hall.^ 


IMemoriie  lucrum 
Magiftri  Roberti  Gale, 
Chrifli  evangelii  prseconis  egregil, 
ui  doflrina    vocaii  Sc    confona  vita 
■verbum  Dei  fidiffime  expreffit  ; 
qui  mnndura  in  Doininuin  fie  rcTpexit 
ut  qoein  pip  Domino  eFat  defpecturus  ; 
tjui  inter  poftremi  hujus  &  pelTinii  aevi 
peccata  pius,  morbida  fanus,  mutabilia  conftans, 
diverlillima  idem  pro  virili  peimanllt  ; 
qui  po(iqnam-per.,ti;igiDt<iannos  • 
PrcBnobili  ChridiariiE  Dc\'«iiice  comitiffc 
in  facris  doraefticis  adminiftraflet 
D.  O.  M.  in  ccEleflibus  minifl:ra.tui;us  abiit 
Jun.  2^,  A.  D.   1659. 
^tat.  fuje  65. 
Moerens  pofuit.reli6ta  ted  fecutura 
ConjuK  Sarah  Gale. 

'  I  ad  Tim.  iv.    12. 

Ejlo  exemplar  fidelium  infermone,  in  converfatione,h.c. 

Ore  files,  virtute  doces,  tuaquenfque  docebit 
Vivere  vita,  fides  credere,  inorfgue  niori. 

In  the  great  church  at  Calais,  A.  D.  1725,  I  faw  on  the  left 
hand  as  you  enter  at  the  great  Weft  door,  a  large  pidlure  hung  up 
againft  the  wall,  reprefenting  the  laft  judgement,  giving  a  view  of 
heaven,  purgatory,  and  hell,  very  grofs  and  -ill  performed,  as  are 
all  the  paintings  in  this  chur(;ii,,,  At  jthe  u|>per  end  of  the  nave, 
on  the  right  hand,  on  the  top  of  the  fupporter  of  the  defk  to  a 
feat  or  pew,  is  carved  out  in  the  wood  a  terrible  figure  of  a  roan, 
halfway  to  his  navel,  burning  in  the  flames  of  purgatory,  painted 
in  proper  colours,  with  this  label  coming  otit  of  his  mouth  : 

Mtfereniini  mei  faltem  amici. 
5  The 


ENGLISH     AND     FOREIGN     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S.         87* 

The  Jefuits  church  at  Namurc  in  Flanders  is  an  exquifite  piece 
of  architedure.  Theoutlkle  is  built  of  a  beautiful  Hone,  adorned 
with  one  fingle  order  after  the  Ionic.  The  infidc  is  all  cafed 
over  with  marble  in  great  pannels,  which  are  fet  oft" with  columns 
of  red  marble,  whofe  bales  and  capitals  are  of  black  marble:  the 
roof  is  an  arch  of  ftone,  finely  carved  and  painted. 


In  the  abbey  church  of  St.  Bertin  at  St.  Omer's,  I  obfervcd,  the 
back  of  the  high  altar  was  overlaid  with  plates  of  gold,  of  cm- 
bofled  work,  reprefenting  Chriftupon  the  crofs,  with  fix  apoftles 
on  each  fide,  in  their  proper  habits,  finely  adorned  with  j^recious 
ftones,  and  the  edges  of  their  veftments  fet  with  pearls  from  the 
top  to  the  bottom,  and  behind  the  altar  the  faint  lies  in  a  Ihrine 
of  wrought  filver.  The  convent  belongs  to  the  BenedidfineSj  and 
the  facriftan  told  us  there  were  about  900  MSS.  in  the  library 
written  by  the  monks.  The  revenue  of- this  houfe  is  twelve  thou- 
fand  pounds  a  year  fterling  ;  and  when  I  was  there,  an  atchieve- 
ment  hung  over  the  abbey  gate  for  the  deceafed  abbot,  the  late 
cardinal  Dubois,  who  received  half  the  income.  In  their  veftry 
wefaw  feveral  rich  coverings  for  the  front  of  the  altar,  of  velvet, 
damafk,  fattin,  &c.  embroidered  with  gold  and  filver,  ofdifferenc 
colours,  fuirable  to  the  feilivals  obferved  in  the  Roman  church. 

Anno  1729,  in  levelling  the  great  road  from  the  Elcurial  to 
the  palace  of  St.  Ildefonib,  near  Madrid,  in  Spain,  and  in  de- 
niolifhingthe  ruins  of  an  ancient  building,  there  were  difcovered 
212  .Pvoman  imperial  and  cohfular  coins,  amongft  which  were 
two  Othos  in  copper. 

At  Wilton-houfe,  the  feat  of  the  earl  of  Pembroke,  built  by 
Inigo  Jones,  amongft  the  other  curionties  (fuch  as  one  of  the 
fineft  collection  of  pidltires  in  England,  there  being  one  of  every 
capital  mafter,  and  above  fixty  Greek  and  Roman  marble  buftoes, 

betides 


*as         M  11    S.    GALE'S     DESCRIPTION     OF 

befides  leveral  ftatues)  there  is  a  private  room  (v  hich  is  feldom 
lliewii  to  {hangers,  my  lord  having  the  key  himfeil;  in  vvhich  are 
preierved  a  great  quanlity  of  Ipoils  taken  from  the  Frencli  at  the 
battle  of  St.  Quintin,  confiiting  of  feveral  fuits  of  armour  for  men 
and  horfe,  lances,  fpurs,  faddles,  Sec.  all  gloriouUy  gained  by 
one  of  his  lordfliip's  anceliors,  and  placed  in  a  regular  order  in 
ihis  armoury,  in  perpetual  honour  of  fo  great  an  atchievement. 
A  friend  of  mine  faw  them  here  in  1728. 


Anno  Domini  1730,  I  faw  in  the  hall  of  the  King's  houfe, 
where  the  governor  of  Greenwich  tiofpital  relides,  at  the  foot  of 
Greenwich  Park,  the  famous  pi(5fure  of  Sir  Thomas  More  ,  •  d 
his  family,  painted  by  Hans  Holbein,  in  which  are  about  thu-- 
teen  tigures  as  big  as  the  life.  This  picture  belonged  to  the  fa- 
mily of  the  Ropers,  one  of  whom  married  a  daughter  of  Sir  Tho- 
mas More •-•=•,  by  whom,  it  is  thought,  this  piece  came  to  the 
Bopers. 

The  following  infcription,  written  upon  a  copper-plate,  was 
laid  in  the  foundation  of  the  new  cafed  fteeple  of  the  church  at 
Greenwich,  in  the  South  Eaft  corner,  1730;  communicated  to 
me  by  Mr.  Trubfliaw,  one  of  the  builders,   and  a  Free  Mafon  : 

Thisfteeple  was  cafed,  and  raifed  70  feet  higher,  anno  1730,  to  make  it  uni- 
form, and  of  a  piece  with  the  church,  which  was  rebuilt  171.},  and  both  at 
the  publick  expence,  purfuant  to  an  aft  of  parliaraer.t  made  17 10,  for  build- 
ing 50  new  churches  in  and  about  tlie  cities  of  London  and  Weltminller. 

Spermaceti  is  either  the  brain,  or  found  near  the  brain,  of  the 
whale  ;  and  what  W2  call  ambergrife  is  the  Iperm  of  the  whale, 
and  found  in  the  loins  of  that  fifli,  as  I  am  informed  by  capt. 
Atkyns,  of  Bofton  in  New  England,  who  has  by  diffedfion  m  ie 
this  obfervation. 

f  There  is  a  long  account  of  Mrs.  Roper,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Plore,    in 
the  "  Lives  of  Learned  Ladies." 

A  very 


ENGLISH    AND    I'ORKIGN    AN  Tlq^UlTIES.        89* 

A  very  fine  Madona  belonging  to  Sir  Robert  Throckmorton, 
lately  brouglit  from  Italy,  being  a  curious  piece  of  Mofaic,  inlaid 
upon  a  fort  of  terrace,  in  fmall  fquares  about  the  fourth  part  of 
a  die,  the  whole  carnation,  eyes,  and  drapery,  being  a>  finely 
reprefented  as  if  painted  in  colours  on  canvas ;  the  beft  perform- 
ance of  this  nature  which  I  ever  faw. 


This  prefent  year  1731,  I  faw  a  fine  compolition  like  white 
marble,  invented  by  a  Frenchman  at  Paris,  about  the  bignefs  of 
half  a  flieet  of  paper,  upon  which  an  imprefiion  from  a  copper- 
plate was  taken,  exhibiting  the  equeflrian  Itatue  of  Lewis  XIV. 
and  all  the  great  men  and  literati  pafling  by,  fo  exadly  refembling 
a  print  on  paper,  that  it  could  fcarcely  be  diitinguilhed  but  from 
the  materials;  a  work,  I  think,  of  more  curiofity  than  ufe. 


Mr.  Robert  Thoroton,  of  Lincoln fliire,  has  a  fine  large  coin, 
broader  than  a  crown  piece,  of  James  VL  king  of  Scotland.  On 
one  fide  a  hand  with  a  drawn  fword,  the  point  of  it  terminating 
in  the  crown,  with  this  infcription  round  it : 

PRO  ME  :    SI  MEREOR  IN   ME. 

On  the  reverfe  the  arms,   and  the  king  on  horfeback  : 

lACOBVS   D.  G.  SCOTORVM  REX,     1 557* 

I  prefume  this  menacing  motto  might  be  George  Buchanan's 
dcfign  during  this  king's  minority,   and  while  under  the  regency. 


Defigned  to  be  written  under  the  pidlure  of  Sir  H.  Parfons, 
lord  mayor  of  London,  painted  in  a  green  huntiwg  coat,  A.  D, 

1730- 

Behold  the  City's  Chief,  from  Paris  come  ! 
French  lace  and  buttons  were  his  cargo  home. 
The  fcarlet  gown  is  turn'd  to  frock  of  green, 
High  Church  and  Bedlam  clofe  the  merry  fcenc. 

[Reliq.  Galean.  Parti.]  '=•=-  N  Dimenfons 


^gey  DIMENSIONS    OF    ST.    PETER'S,    &c. 


Ditnenftons  of  St.  Peter's  at  Rome. 


Length  of  the  church  within. 

Length  without,  with  the  porch. 

Breadth  within  the  cliurch. 

Breadth  without. 

Height  under  the  hahiftrades. 

Height  to  the  vault. 

Height  with  the  vault. 

Breadth  of  the  church. 

Diameter  of  the  cupola. 

Height  of  it  to  the  image  of  God  the  Father. 

Height  without,  with  pyramids,  hall,  and  crofs. 

Height  of  its  lantherns  or  fide  cupolas. 


Obelijk  at  Rome. 

Inches. 

78^   Long. 

92   Square  at  the  lower  end. 

92  At  the  other  end. 
I2j   Pedeftal  fquare. 
197    Crofs  at  top,  high. 
no     The  whole  high. 


Englifli 
feet. 

Itnlian 
feer. 

844 

617 

858 

774 

610 

446 

670 

480 

212 

155 

220 

161 

27s 

201 

no 

80^ 

196 

143 

601 

439 

652 

447 

I26i 

99 

Mr. 


C   '9^   3 


Mr.  S.  Gale  /<?  (pry)bably  Dr.  Stukeley.) 

DEAR   SIR, 

I  received  your  laft  agreeable  letter  with  the  pleafant  profpedt 
of  your  nunnery,  which  now  appears  with  a  primitive  fimplicity 
and  folitude.  The  views  of  fuch  places  often  excite  in  me  a  de- 
fire  of  retirement;  but  when  that  happy  time  will  come,  remains 
a  fecret  in  the  book  hid  from  mortal  eyes.  I  prefume  thefe  re- 
maining edifices  were  only  fome  granges  belonging  to  the  dif- 
folved  or  demolillied  houle.  This  morning  I  called  at  Mr.  Noel's, 
who  was  gone  out,  but  I  left  not  only  my  Cotovicus,  but  like- 
wife  father  Bernadin's  (for  both  whom  I  have  a  fingular  refpeit) 
at  his  lodgings.  If  I  was  not  fully  perfuaded  they  were  in  good 
hands,  I  fliould  hardly  have  ventured  them  fo  far,  therefore  doubt 
not  but  to  fee  them  again  next  Chrirtmas.  The  Society  laft 
Thurfday  night  were  much  pleafed  with  your  view,  at  which  were 
prefent  Mr.  Martin  and  Sir  Prafutagus.  All  here  fend  their  re- 
fpeds ;  which  be  pleafed  to  accept  from, 

Sir, 

Your  moft  obliged  humble  fervant, 


S,  Gali. 


*  N  a  Mr. 


[    *9*    3 


Bijhop  Fleetwood   to   Mr.  R.    Gale. 


ElyHoufe,oa.i9,, 
a  1  ">  1716. 

I  am  faftened  to  my  bed  by  fomething  like  the  gout,  which  has 
feized  on  my  left  knee,  or  otherwife  I  would  myfelf  have  brought 
the  paper  that  comes  with  this  letter,  and  have  afked  your  favour 
and  affiftance  in  the  thing  defired.  The  young  man  concerned 
is  the  fon  of  a  very  honeft  man,  and  I  believe  well  qualified  for 
the  favour  which  he  feeks.  If  it  be  eafy  to  you,  and  reafonable 
in  itfelf,  that  he  fliould  obtain  it,  1  hope  you  will  favour  me 
herein,  and  let  it  be  by  your  means,  for  I  know  nobody  elfe  to 
whom  I  may  apply,  or  by  wligm  I  would  rather  be  obhged. 

lam,  Sir, 

Your  afFe(Slionate  friend  and  humble  fervant, 


W.  Ely. 


Bijhop 


C     93*     3 


B\/hop    Gastrell   1q   Mr.   R.    Gal  e. 


SIR, 


Cluift  Cliurch,  Oxon, 
June  14,  1721. 


Since  my  return  to  Oxford,'  I  have  coniulted  with  my  old  re- 
gifter,  and  have  from  thence  tranfcribed  a  fliort  account  of  what 
I  find  relating  to  the  archdeaconry  of  Richmond.  If  any  part  of 
it  be  thought  neceflary  to  be  added  to  what  is  intended  concern- 
ing the  Honour  of  Richmond j  it  will  be  proper  to  employ  fome 
perfon  here  fkilled  in  old  hands  and  abbreviations  to  take  an 
exadl  copy  of  it,  which  he  fliall  have  free  leave  to  do.  -  Be  pleafed 
to  communicate  the  inclofed,  with  my  fervices,  to  Mr.  Gale.  I 
fet  out  for  Chefter  the  beginning  of  next  week,  and  therefore 
defire  a  line  from  you  before  I  go. 

1  am  your  humble  fervant,  . 


Fran.  Cestrens. 


N.  B.  What  I  have  tranfcribed  entirely  without  an  Jk:c.  I  be- 
lieve is  pretty  exad:,  if  it  can  be  eafily  read. 


Mi\ 


C    *?4     ] 
Mr,   Willis    lo  Air.    S.    G  a  l  e. 

Whaudoii-H.ill,  Aug.  33,  17J9, 
DEAR    SIRj  'near  Feiiny  Stratford,  Bucks. 

I  trouble  you  with  three  or  four  lines  about  Suffex,  to  pniy  you 
to  entreat  the  eentlemaii  of  the  board,  who  is  a  native  of  Suifex, 
being  born  at  Framfield,  who  was  pleafed  to  tell  me,  if  I  put  down 
the  i)laces  I  wanted,  he    would  ;  endeavour  to   procure  them  for 
me  in  Sullex  ■•'■'-.   I  am  exceedingly  imperfect  in  that  county,  and  fo 
any  improvements  would  help,   if  he  could  get  but  half  a  fcore 
in  the  whole  of  thofe  dedications  I  want.      When  we  dined  at  the 
Swan  together,  he  feemed  to  give  me  great  hopes  and  encourage- 
ment.  1  have  written  down  the  places  on  the  other  fide  ;  the  gentle- 
man's name  is  out  of  my  memory  at  this  inftant,  but  I  doubt  not 
you  know  who  he  is,  as  he  is  of  your  board.    I  congratulate  you  on 
Dr.  Stukeley 's  getting  the  living  of  Somerby,  co.  Lincoln.      I  have 
the  happinefs  of  hearing  from  your  good  brother  from  Scruton. 
He  and  Dr.  Knight  have  had  a  pleafant  journey  to  Edinburgh, 
and  are  returned  well  t.     I  hope  to  fee  the  docStor  here  next  week. 
I  heard  on  Sunday  from  the  bifliop  of  Gloucefler.      I  fuppofe  my 
coufin  Henfon  is  not  yet  returned ;  my  bell  refpedls  heartily  at- 
tend him  and  all  friends,   particularly  the  gentleman  I  give  this 
trouble  to,  which  I  deferred  fo  long,  in  hopes  of  hearing  from  fe- 
veral  reverend  gentlemen  of  SuiTex  I    wrote  to;   but  they  being 
filent,  I  take  the  liberty  to  trouble  you,  w^hi:h  I  pray,  dear  Sir,  ex- 
cufe,  and  be  pleafed  to  favour  me  with  a  line  in  anfwer.     I  hope 
the  gentleman  will,  by  Michaelmas  at  fartheft,  give  me  fome  in- 
telligence.     If  I  had  got  Devonfliire  done,  1  need  not  give  farther 
trouble  ;   who  am,  Sir, 

Your  moft  afTured  friend,  and  fervant  to  command, 

Browne  Willis. 

'  This  probably  relates  to  Mr.  Willis's  Nctitia  Parliamentaria. 
-i~  See  before,  p.  65'*. 

Bi/JjOp 


[     9i*     3 


Mr.  Arthur  Bedford  to  Dr.  Z.  Grey. 


t?  T^f7     Cio  Hoxtoii,  near  I.niidon, 

tiEV.  SIR,  j^jI^.  ,_  ,.^^_ 

Yefterday  I  received  a  letter  from  Mr.  Allen,  minifter  of  Ket- 
tering in  Northamptonfliire,  in  which  he  deiired  me  to  write  to 
you  concerning  his  "  Archoeologia  Univerfalis,"  or  Univerfal 
Hiftory,  which  he  hath  prepared  for  the  prefs.  I  have  read  it 
over,  and  found  in  it  a  more  folid  learning  and  better  judgement 
than  I  expected.  He  defigns  it  as  an  abridgement  and  improve- 
ment of  Dr.  Prideaux.  He  hath  really  taken  a  great  deal  of  pains 
in  this  affair,  and  hath  given  us  a  fliort  account  of  the  27  years 
of  the  Peloponnefian  war,  which  the  Do(5lor  omitted.  He  hath 
interfperfed  many  very  good  obfervations,  to  vindicate  the  juftice, 
power,  wifdom,  goodnefs,  providence,  and  truth  of  God,  in  the 
government  of  the  world,  and  the  honour  of  our  dear  Redeemer, 
&c.  After  all,  I  fear  that  he  will  not  have  intereft  enough  to  get 
it  printed,  which  I  have  often  told  him,  but  nothing  will  convince 
him.  I  fliould  advife  him,  if  he  Avould  be  adviled,  to  leave  off 
at  the  birth  of  our  Saviour,  and  not  carry  it  down  to  the  deftruc- 
tion  of  the  Roman  empire,  anno  476,  becavife  it  will  very  much 
inhance  the  price,  and  to  leave  out  St.  Barnabas's  Epittles,  and 
Hermas's  Paftor,  which  he  hath  tranllatcd  whollv,  and  deli  ens 
to  print  with  them,'  though  they  are  fo  foreign  to  his  title.  Both 
thefe  authors  are  certainly  fpurious.  Barnabas's  arguments 
are  too  poor  and  low  to  prove  what  he  intends,  and  Hermas  feems 
to  be  but  an  enthufiafl,  like  the  fecond  book  of  Efdras,  and 
we  have  too  much  of  that  fort  already.  Thefe  books  will  greatly 
betray  his  want  of  judgement  to  the  world,  and  ruin  the  im- 
4  predion 


*9S  MR.    BEDFOUD    TO    D  R,    Z.    OnEV, 

pre0ion  of  the  reft;  and  this  I  have  often  told  himj  but  cannot 
convince  him.  I  have  mentioned  my  fentiments ;  but  the  reft 
of  the  book  I  look  upon  to  be  a  valuable  performance,  and  am 

Your  affedionate  and  humble  brother  and  fervant, 

Arthur  Bedford. 


BIBLIOTHECA 


TOPOGRAPHICA 


B      R      I     T      A      N      N      I      C      A» 


N°  IL  Part  IL 


CONTAINING 

R  E  L  I  Si^U  I  M    G  J  L  E  A  N  JE; 

O     R 

MISCELLANEOUS       PIECES 

By  the  late  learned  Brothers  ROGER  and  SAMUEL  GALE. 

CONTAINING 

Their  Correspondence  with  their  learned  Contemporaries. 
*^"*    To  the   Third   Part    will   be   prefixed,    an  Account  of 
the   Literary   Society   at  Spalding. 


LONDON, 

printed    by    AND    FOR    J.    NICHOLS, 

PRINTER    TO    THE    SOCIETY     OF    ANT  ICiU  AR  I  E  S  : 

AND  SOLD  BY  ALL  THE  BOOKSELLERS  IN  GREAT-BRITAIN  AND  IRELAND. 

MDCCLXXXI. 

[Price  Five  Shillings.] 


MONG  the  varions  Labours  of  Lit(?rary  Men,  there  have 
ahviiys  heen  certain  Fragments  whofe  Size  could  not  fecurc 
them  a  general  Exemption  from  the  Wreck  of  Time,  which 
thejr  intriniic  Aierit  entitled  them  to  furvive;  but,  having  been 
gathered  np  by  the  Curious,  or  thrown  into  Mifcellaneous  Col- 
lections by  Bookfellers,  they  have  been  recalled  into  Exiftencc, 
and  by  uniting  together  have  defended  themfelves  from  Ob- 
livion. Original  Pieces  have  been  called  in  to  their  Aid,  and 
formed  a  Phalanx  that  might  withftand  every  Attack  from  the 
Critic  to  the  Cheefemonger,  and  contributed  to  the  Ornament 
as  well  as  Value  of  Libraries. 

With  a  fimilar  view  it  is  here  intended  to  prefent  the  Pub- 
lick  with  fome  valuable  Articles  of  British  Topography, 
from  printed  Books  and  MSS.  One  Part  of  this  Collection  will 
conlilf  of  Republications  of  fcarce  and  curious  Tracts  ;  another 
of  fuch  MS.  Papers  as  the  Editors  are  akeady  polieffed  of,  or 
may  receive  from  their  Friends. 

It  is  therefore  propofed  to  publifli  a  Number  occafionally, 
not  confined  to  the  fame  Price  or  Quantity  of  Sheets,  nor  always 
adorned  with  Cuts ;  but  paged  in  fuch  a  Manner,  that  the  ge- 
neral Articles,  or  thofe  belonging  to  the  refpedive  Counties, 
may  form  a  feparate  Succeffion,  if  there  fliould  be  enough  pub- 
liflied,  to  bind  in  fuitable  Claffes ;  and  each  Tradt  will  be  com- 
pleted in  a  fingle  Number. 

Into  this  Collecflion  all  Communications  conllftcnt  with  the 
Plan  will  be  received  with  Thanks.  And  as  no  Correfpondent 
will  be  denied  the  Privilege  of  controverting  the  Opinions  of 
another,  fo  none  will  be  denied  Admittance  without  a  fair  and 
impartial  Beafon. 


[     49     ] 

For  the  follQ\ving  Additions  and  Correv^ions  in  the  ^fcmoirsof 
the  Gales,  the  Editor  is  obliged  to  Henry  Gale,  Efq.  the  pre- 
fent  Reprefentative  of  the  Family. 

P.  V.  Hijlorict  Britannk^e  Scriptores,  &:c.]  This  is  called  by  Dr. 
Gale  tYiQ  firjl  volume;  and  that  which  contains  the  Quinqiie  Scrip- 
tores,  though  publiflied  fome- years  before  the  prefent,  is  called  trie 
fecond,  as  the  authors  ai-e  of  a  more  modern  date.  It  has  no  con- 
nexion, as  Monf.  Frefnoy  and  others  have  imagined,  with  the  vo- 
lume of  Englifli  writers  compiled  by  Mr.  William  Fulman,  under 
the  patronage  of  Bifliop  Fell,  in  1 684. 

Ibid,  note,  1.  10,  r^^fl' Antoninus  Liberahs. 

P.  vii.  1.  9,  for  grandfon  Roger,  r6^(3^  grandfon  Henry. 

P.  ix.  The  little  bronze  of  Lucretia  is  now  in  the  pofTeflion  of 
H.  Gale,  Efq. 

P.  X.  The  Letters  here  mentioned  to  have  been  given  to  jMr. 
Allan  were  only  lent  to  that  gentleman,  and  are  ftill  the  propert)-- 
of  Mr.  H.  Gale. 

P.  xi.  I'be paragropb^X.^^ — c),Pjould be  corrected  thus:  He  mar- 
ried Henrietta,  daughter  of  Henry  Raper,  Efq.  of  Cowling,  who 
died  1720,  by  whom  he  had  Roger  Henry,  born  17 10,  admitted 
Fellow-commoner  of  Sidney  college,  who  married  Catharine 
daughter  of  Chriftopher  Crowe,  Efq.  of  Kipling,  and  had  ifllte, 
Catharine,  born  1 741, died  1744;  Roger,  born  1743,  died  1751 ; 
Henry,  born  1744,  now  hving  at  Scruton;  Harriet,  born  1745; 
Samuel,  born  1746,  admitted  at  Trinity  college,  1769,  Fellow- 
commoner  of  Ben'et  1770,  promoted  to  the  rev5tory  of  Evering- 
ham,  in  the  Eaft  Riding  of  the  county  of  York,  1774;  Catharine, 
born  1752;   Chriftopher,  born  1756. 

In  the  Pedigree,  Robert,  or  Francis,  of  Akeham  Grange,  deler 
Robert  or. 

*'  H   2  Pedigree^ 


C    so    1 

Pedigree,  dele  died  in  Spain,  f.  p. 
Ibid,  for  Mefnill,  read  Meyaell. 
Ibid.  Barbara  Pepys  died  in  1689. 
P.  17, 1.  2 1, /or  lord  mayor,  r^^^mayor^ 
P.  25, 1.  a 6,  read  AxweMxis  Ambrofius. 

The  following  pi(5liires,  belonging  to  perfons  mentioned  in  tMs 
publication,  are  Itill  remaining  at  Scxutoni 

Dean  Gale,  by  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller,  in  1689. 
Roger  Gale,  by  Vanderbank,  in  1722^ 
Samuel  Gale,  by  Wliood^ 


*;i.*  Since  the  publication  of  the  former  part  of  this  Number,  the  Editors  Have 
been  favonrcd  with  fo  many  valuable  Letters  of  the  Gales,  Maurice  Johnson, 
Dr.  StukeleYj  &c.  &:c.  that  a  Third  Part  is  preparing  for  the  publick.  Much 
information  alio  having  been  received  relative  tothe  Gentlemen's  Society  at  Spald- 
ing, it  is  thought  advtfeable  to  poftpone  the  publication  of  their  Memoirs  till  the 
apjiearance  of  that  Number ;  which  will  contain  likewife  the  Correi^ions  and  Addi- 
tions which  Mr.  R.  Gale  had  prepared  for  a  new  edition  of  his  "  Regiftrum  Ho- 
"  noris  de  Riclimond;"  and  a  View  of  the  Church  and  Parfonage-houfe  at  ScRUTo^t 

i^  The  "iiloiies  of  Aberdeen,  Hinckley,  Croydon,  and  St.  Katharine's 
Hofpital  by  the  Tower,  will  very  foou  be  publiQied;,  and  many  other  Articles  are 
getting  for  ward,  7 


[     49     ] 
CORRESPONDENCE 

O    F 
CONTEMPORARY      ANTI  QJU  ARIES 
WITH      MR.      R.      GALE; 

AND 

MINUTES    OF    THE    SPALDING   SOCIETY. 

I. 

Part  of  a  Letter  from  E.  Cony,  Efq;  to  Roger  Gale,  Efq; 
giving  an  account  of  fome  Roman  Antiquities  found  near 
Walpole  in  Marfliland  in  Cambridgefhire,  Nov.  8,  1727. 

I  AM  now  at  the  place  above,  which  gives  name   and  t  tie  to 
lord  Walpole.    It  lies  near  the  lea,   and  was   fenced  from  it 
-l)y  the  Romans  with  a  ftrong  bank.    We  have  footfteps  of  their 
feeing  there,  by  many  tumuli  over   the  country  ;   but  I  do  not 
know  of  any  coins  that  have  been  found  nearer  than  March  in 
the  Ille  of  Ely,   about  twelve   miles  diftant,   at  which  place  I 
know   of  one   who   fome   years   fince  dug  up   a   large   pot   of 
copper,  but   they    are    all   gone.     I  have  a  tenant  who   lives 
under  the  bank,  and,  upon  digging  in  his  garden,  about  three  feet 
under  ground,  he   found  many  Roman  bricks,  and  an  aquedudt 
made  with  earthen  pipes;   we  took  up  about   26,  moft  whole, 
though  not  without  difficulty,  they  being   almoft  as  tender  as 
the  earth  itfelf. 

Sir  Andrew  Fountain  tells  me  they  are  truly  Roman,  and 
made  of  the  fame  earth  as  the  urns,  and  turned,  which  was 
the  cuftom  of  thofe  days.  I  think  them  fine  of  the  kind;  which 
has  induced   me  to  fend  one  of  them  to  the  curious  Mr.  Gale, 

H  which 


50  '  MR.  CONEY  AND  DR.  STUKELEY  TO  MR.  R.  GALE:. 

which  you  will  find  at  Dr.  MafTey's,  to  whom  I  feiit  four  lafli' 
Saturday.  He  has  orders  to  dehver  or  fend  you  one  of  them, 
.the  reft  are  for  lord  Colerane,  Mr.  Ellis,  and  himfelf.  I  have 
alfo  fent  one  of  them  to  Dr..  Stukeley,  and  Mr.  Johnfon  of 
Spalding,  whofe  thoughts  of  them  I  have  delired,  and  hope 
you  will  oblige  me  with  yours,    8cc.  E.  Cony., 

Thefe  pipes  were  made  of  paiiili  red  earth,  which  grew 
hard  again  upon  their  being  expofed  fome  time  to  the  air ;  the 
length  of  them  was  2,0  inches,  the  bov/  3|  inches,  the  thick- 
nefs  of  their  fides  ^  an  inch,,  one  of  the  ends  much  fmaller: 
than  the  other,  fo  as  to  be  iuferted  into  tl\e  wider  end  of  the 
pipe  it  followed.  R,  G.. 

Letter  fi-om  Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  Rj  Gale,  about  Mr.  Pack's  en^ 
deavouring  to  bring  a  Roman  road  through  Stamford- 
Grantham, 

S  I  R,  Jan.  31,  1727-8. 

My  neighbour  Mr.  Peck  fent  me  his  book  of  Stanford  a^ 
•while  ago,  though  I  have  not  feen  him.  I  juft  read  over  his 
account  of  the  Roman  antiquities  there,  M'hich  I  thought  very 
little  fatisfadlory.  He  feems  defirous  of  making  a  vicinal  Ro- 
man road  go  through  his  town,  without  the  leaft  ground  or 
probability;  and  indeed  the  reafon  is  very  eafy  why  the  Romans 
did  not  make  a  town  upon  that  river,  but  at  Brig-Cafterton, 
two  miles  further,  becaufe  it  makes  a  better  ftage  upon  the 
road,  being  the  mid-way  between  Durobrivis,  Chefterton  by 
Caftor,  and  Caufennis,  Great  Paunton,  each  10  miles,  from 
Durobrivis  to  Huntington,  Durocinents  is  10  miles  ;  and  with- 
out doubt  they  would  have  divided  the  fpace  between  Cau- 
fennis and  Lindum,  10  milesj  into  two  equal  parts  too,  but 
that  there  was  no  water  to  be  met  with,  except  at  Ancafter. 

They 


DH.    STUKELEY    to    MR.     II.     GALE.  51 

They  find  coins  very  frequently  at  Hunnington,  not  far  from 
the  Cartrum  Cohortis  of  Ancailer  ;  feveral  were  brought  to  me 
the  other  day,   nothing  among  them  remarkable. 

From  the  words  Ilunningtori  and  Ancafter,  I  gucfs  the  boggy 
valley  and  rivulet  there  was  called  Onna,  and  that  perhaps  was 
the  Pvoman  name  of  Ancafler,  though  forgot  both  in  Antoninus 
and  Ravennas  ;  but  I  am  almoft  antiquated  to  thefe  fort  of 
ftudies ;  I  fliall  never  enjoy  fo  agreeably  the  pleafure  of  a, con- 
templative life  as  when  I  write  to  you,  who  am  moil;  cor- 
dially yours,  &:c,  Wm.  Stukeley. 

III. 

Part  of  a  letter  from  Mautiice  Johnson,  Efq;  to  Mr.  R.  Gale, 
giving  an  account  of  the  Antiquary  Society  at  Spalding, 
and  of  Dr.   Stukeley,  September,  1729. 

I  doubt  not  but  you  have  fcen  oiu'  worthy  friend  the  DocSlor 
an  pontificalibus.  lie  favoured  me  a  few  days  ago  with  fome 
lines  before  he  went  up  for  holy  orders  ;  and  I  had  Ibon  after 
a  poftfcript  in  a  letter  from  our  friend  Browne  Willis,  giving  as 
punctual  an  account  of  the  day  when,  the  place  where,  and 
the  perfon  by  whom  he  was  ordained,  as  if  he  had  been  a 
mitred  prelate,  and  had  received  fome  facred  inveftiture  per 
■anmilum  et  baculum.  I  fuppoie,  at  leaft  I  hope,  fome  defirable 
finecure,  if  not  the  call,  may  prove  the  reward,  quod  pofitd 
lacernd  togatus  incedif. 

As  we  have  the  honour  of  your  being  a  member  of  our 
Society,  I  have  a  riglit  to  acquaint  you,  Sir,  that  we  go  on  glo- 
rioully,  making  our  regulations  llridler  as  to  our  regular  and 
relldent  members,  and  yet  not  only  increafmg  the  number,  but 


bettering  our  oeconomy. 


H   2  We 


<2  MR.    JOHNSON'SACCOUNT 

We  have  lately  had  from  an  ingenious  member  Dr.  Bolton;^. 
a  doctor  of  phylick  at  Bolton,  a  pretty  prefent  of  a  colledtion 
of  fpecimens  of  Aklgrave,  Albert  Durer,  and  other  anticnt 
engravers,  made  by  him  in  Holland  ;  and  fince  I  had  lall  the 
pleafiire  of  feeing  you,  we  have  admitted  two  dodlors  of  divinity, 
one  of  them  head  of  Queen's  in  Oxon,  two  feamen,  one  lawyer^ 
two  furgeons,  a  captain,  and  five  other  gentlemen.  Now  we 
can  carry  on  a  fort  of  epiftolary  correfpondence  with  fbme  fellow- 
member  in  moft  parts  of  the  world ;  but  I  fnall  confine  myfelf 
to  a  few,  and  leave  the  new  to  my  brother.  Of  thofe  from  whom 
I  hope  to  hear  when  their  leifure  permits,  there  is  no  gentle- 
man who  honours  me  with  his  friendlliip  can  give  truer  pleafure 
than  yourfelf  to,  dear  Sir,   yours,  &c.  Mau:rice  Johnsonu 

I  entreat  you,  if  you  have  any  memoirs  relating  to  the  works 
of  the  Romans,   Saxons,  or    Danes,  in  draining    our  fens,  that 
you  will    communicate  them    to  me — Whence  were  the  Vafa 
Myrrhina,    fo  much  efteemed  by  the  Romans,,  as  appears  from- 
Juvenal  •'■•,  fo  calkd  in  your  opinion  ? 

IV. 

Letter  from  Maurice  Johnson  Efq;  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  concerning 
a  curious  fmall  bufto  of  a  woman,  found  at  York;  and  de- 
fcribing  the  body  of  a  Venus,  found  at  Spalding  in  Lincoln-* 
fliire ;  and  a  plan  of  that  place  taken  by  Mr.  Grundy. 

SIR,  J^'y  ^^'  ^7"- 

Gratitude  demands  it  from  me  to  acknowledge  your  kind  in- 
vitation of  me  to  your  houfe,  and  of  your  fo  readily  accom- 
modating me  with  your  fine  antique  Brigantian  copper  bufto, 
of  which  I  procured  an  exxellent  caft  in  the  fame  metal,  by  the 
beft  hand  in  London  ;   and  my  friend  and  kinfman  Mr.  Lynn 


*  Sat.  V).  *5S.  vii.  133. 


has 


OF    THE    SPALDING     SOCIETY. 

has  another  taken  from  mine,   of  which   treafures  we  are  fond, 
for,  like  the  Lacedemonians,  let  my  home  be  never  {o  homely, 
I  conceive  it  beft  worth  cultivating  ;  'tis  more  than  enough    for 
my  leifure  and  enquiries  ;   and  Britain,   through  its  various  ages, 
affords  as  much  as  I  can  widi,   though   fewell  inrtances  in  the 
fculptile   way,   or  arts  of  defigning   in  general.      To  draw   from 
you,   Sir,    who   muft   have   confiderably  jufter    thoughts   about 
that  mo//e  fpirans   bronzo  than    we-    can   pretend   to,   I    cannot 
forbear  telling  you,.  I  conceited  (as  you  told  me,   I-  think,  that 
it  was   found  among    fome   ruins   near  Boutham-barr   at  York) 
it  to  be  intended  for  Cartifmandona  by  the  artift  ;   but  from  the 
melancholy  air  of  the  countenance,   having  a  little  farther  con- 
iidered   it,   I  am  now  inclined  to  think  it  her  contemporary,  the 
unfortunate  wife  of  the  brave  Caratac,  when   imder  the  diftrefs 
of  the  Roman  captivity,   and    doomed  to  adorn  the  triumph   of 
Claudius,   or  rather  of  Oftorius,   whole  name,   1  think,  Tacitus 
gives  us    not,  but  fays,  her  hufoand's  noble  manly  carriage,  and 
oration  at  the  imperial  tribunal,  gained  him,  her,  and  his  brothers, 
their  liberty  *.      Methinks   this  face   feems   to  be  taken    when 
that  great  man's  wife   was   kneeling  before  the  throne  of  their 
imperious  Conqueror,    and  to  have  all  that  grandeur  in    mifery 
as    might    move   Agrippmam  Jlgnis  Romanis  prcefideiitem^   and 
all  that  grand  gufto  of  the  Grecian  fculptors  who  then  flburiflied 
in  moft  parts  of  the  weftern  world,    efpecially  at  Rome  (wherer 
probably  this  was  made)  and  had   there  done   many   admirable 

*  It  is  impoflible  to  fay,  who  this  fine  bufto  reprefents.  Abbot  Starbini  called  it  Berenice; 
fi-om  its  beautiful  hair  and  head-drefs;  others,  from  the  paflion  expreft  in  the  face,  would  have 
it  to  be  Liicretia.  R.  Gale. — This  buft  was  found  in  digging  a  cellar  in  the  manor  or  ruins  of 
St.  Mary's  abbey,  York,  about  1716,  and  given  to  Roger  Gale,  efq;  who- fuppofed  it  Lucretia, 
there  being  no  gcddefs  in  all  the  Roman  theology  toafcribe  it  to.  It  was  drawn  and  engraven  by 
that  very  ingenious  artift  Mr.  Vertue,  F.  A.  S.  and  the  plate  given  by  Mr.  Gale  to  Mr.  Drake's 
Hift.  of  York,  which  fee  p.  65.  It  may  have  been  the  ornament  of  a  llandard,like  that  bronze 
buft  found  in  rebuilding  the  great  bridge  at  Cambridge,  which  Dr.  Stukeley  fancied  to  reprefent 
Oriiin^,  the  wife  of  Caraufms,  and  which  is  now  in  the  hands  of  the  rev.  Dr.  Lort. 

works. 


Si 


^^  MR.    JOHNSON'SACCOUNT 

works,  and  {o  continued  to  do  down  to  tlie  end  of  the  An- 
tonine  family.  Horace,  who  fliews  himfelf  a  connoiffeur  fuf- 
ficient  whenever  he  but  occafionally  hints  at  the  arts  of  de- 
figning,   tells   us, 

Gnecia  capta  ferum  viclorem  cepity  et  artes 

Intiilit  agrejli  Latw — 
fo  long  before  as  his  and  Auguftus's  time,  who  marmoream 
reliqiiit  Romam^  as  he  himfelf  did  teftify,  and  I  cannot  per- 
ceive but  the  heads  on  his  and  his  fuccefiors'  coins  to  Nero, 
when  they  commonJy  fix  the  rtandard  for  -elegancy  in  re 
metaliicd,  are  as  bold  and  Juft  as  alter;  but  the  reverfes  have 
rarely  fo  many  figures  on  them,  and  I  believe  their  medaglions 
are  rarer  ;  yet  fome  of  the  few  brafs  family  pieces  which  I  have 
feen  in  my  lord  Colerane^s  colledlion,  the  Agrippina  in  brafs 
with  Neptune  on  the  reverfe,  the  Auguftus  of  the  fame  fize  with 
an  eagle  on  the  reverfe,  in  my  own  few'  fpecimens  of  fuch  re- 
mains of  antiquity,  and  civitatibiis  Afu2  reflitutis  there  alfo,  a  com- 
pliment to  Tiberius,  which  Mr.  Secretary  Addifon  under  Naples 
takes  fo  much  notice  of  as  to  give  a  print  of  it,  are  proofs, 
in  my  judgment,  fufHcient  to  fix  the  flandard  of  the  grand 
guito  i}i  re  metaliicd  higher  than  Nero,  and  why  we  may 
admit  this  molt  elegant  builo  of  the  age  as  I  imagine  it.  In 
Nero's  age,  they  became  more  drcfcj  affe(5ted  neatnefs,  and 
a  finenefs  that  will  not  be  found  fo, agreeable  as  the  fimple 
grandeur  that  appears  from  the  conclufipn  of  the  Punic  wars  to 
Nero's  time.  There  was  fome  adulation ;  but  nothing  like 
what  I  have  ^cqk^  of  hini,  in  a  reverfe  of  a  mezzo-l)ronzo,  a 
complex  figure  of  that  prince,  both  as  i;he  God  Phoebus  and  the 
Fidler  Nero,  as  he  appeared  on  the  fiage,  when  the  poet  fays. 
It  was  a  happy  piece  of  prudence  in  his  competitors,  brothers 
of  the  itring,  to  play  io^  that  he  might  have  the  preference 
and  the  prize, 

I  can- 


OF     THE     SPALDING     SOCIETY. 

r  cannot  boaft  of  the  exquifite   beauty  of  the  workmanfhip; 
l)ut  (confidcring  it  is  cut  out  of  a  courfe  .wragg-ftonc,  ct  ex  quo- 
libet  faxo  non  fiat  Venus  nitidijjima)  \\c  have  lately  had  re|.olited 
in    our    Muleum    of    the   Antiquarian    Society  (which   has    the 
greatcll   honour   for  you,    Sir)    an  alto-relievo  trunk    from   the 
neck  to  the  navel,   with  one  arm  left   of  Venus,  the  old  titular 
patronefs    of  this    place,    in  a   fort   of  recumbent  pofture.      It 
was  lately  found  buried  very  di:i.-'r>^  under  the  foundation  of  a  Hack 
of  chimneys  of   our   Society-houfe,   v.'hicli  were  pinned  up  and 
repaired,    the     foundation    having    given,  way..     Perhaps    there 
might  have  been  long  agane  a  temple  confecrated  to  her  in  that 
very    place,    afterwards    demolilhed,  .and    thereon    a  ChriiHan 
church    erected,    as    is    not    uncommon  ;   for  the    old    conven- 
tual   church  flood    thereabouts,    and  facing  the  high  bridge,  I 
believe,    extended  lb   far    as  to  cover    the  ground   our  Society- 
lioufe    now     ftands    upon.      This,   however,    is    the    moft    re- 
markable fculpture  I  have  ever  ^Qcn  found  in  thefe  parts ;  and  ap- 
pearing   never   to    have   been   cloathed,    and  being   in   fuch   a 
pofture,   makes   me  conclude,   is  no   remains  of  any    Chriftian 
monument,    or   fcripture   hiftory.      The   Saxon  PYiga,    of  both 
fexes,   lay  fome,  was    reprefented  fitting,   the   body  naked,   but 
mufcled  more  like  a  man,  with  fliort  hair ;   this  has  long  locks, 
large  brealfs,   and  tender  mufcling. 

Mr.  Grundy,  an  accurate  land  furveyor  •■■,  teacher  of  the  ma- 
thematics, and  member  of  our  Society,  who  has  furveyed  this 
large  lordlliip  lately  for  the  duke  of  Buccleugh,  lord  .of  this 
manor,  having  drawn  the  plan  of  this  town,  as  a  donation  to 
our  Mvifeum,  propofes  to  add  the  perfpedive  views  of  the  pub- 
lick  buildings  as  decorations  at  the  lides  of  it;  and  for  one,, 
feeing  we  have  no  other  authority  that  I  know  of,  the  form 
of  our  old  conventual  church  (taken  down  and  fold  by  Charles 

*  Mr.  T-  Grundy  was  much  employed  in  draining  nnd  in  improving  the  navigations  in  Chelhire 
aad.Lancaihire,     See  Brit,  Top,  1.  260.566*.  530,  5^1, 

Brandon 


55 


5& 


MR.    JOHNSON'S     ACCOUNT 

Brandon  duke  of  Suffolk,  to  whom  Henry  VIII.  gave  all  the 
buildings  and  perfonals),  I  propofe  he  lliall  give  a  drawing  of 
an  old  vellum  map  ••■,  I  have,  made  before  the  diirolution  ;  which 
is  of  the  better  authority,  becaufe  Croyland  abbey-church, 
therein  alfo  depi6ted,  is  not  unlike  the  remains  of  it,  or  what 
from  the  remains  we  may  well  judge  it  to  have  been.  To 
this  his  plan  1  have  fubjoined  a  fhort  hiftorical  account  t  of  the 
town  at  his  requeft,  and  the  inlfance  of  our  Society,  whom  I 
labour  to  ferve  all  I  can,  and  truly  my  labour  is  not  in  vain,  for 
I  have  the  pleafure  of  good  company  there  once  a  week  for  my 
pains  ;  and  what's  to  me  the  moft  valuable  confideration,  my 
fons  may  have,  as  ray  eldeft  has  for  fome  time  paft  had,  the 
advantage  of  an  early  introdudion  into  the  converfation  of  fober, 
learned,  and  ingenious  men,  and  of  well-knowing  fuch  of  their 
neighbours  whofe  acquaintance  will  be  heft  worth  cultivating; 
feeing  what  new  things  come  out  in  literature  at  a  light  expence, 
and  exerting  themfelves  without  that  immoderate  awe  and  re- 
ftraint  which  grave  faces  of  unknown  perfonages  put  upon 
youths,  when  they  might  fpeak  to  the  purpofe.  I  entreat  you, 
good  Sir,  to  believe  me,  Sec.  yours,  Maur.  Johnson. 

P.  S.  Breval  objferveSjin  his  Remarks  on  feveral  Parts  of  Europe, 
that  the  Celtic  coins  of  princes  of  the  Sequani  aie  much  the  heft 
work ;  that  many  of  them  have  a  Greek-like  charader ;  and  I  think 
all  agree  with  our  great  Camden  J,  that  Caligulabuilt  the  Arx  Britan- 
nica  in  Dutch  Holland ;  from  whence,  and  the  Burgh  Callle  at  Ley- 
den,  according  to  Brevafs  judgement  U,  a  work  of  that  age,  and  not 
Hengift's,  it  may  feem  there  were  Roman  artificers,  architedls 
at  leaft,  early  in  thcfe  parts  of  the  world :  and  the  other  arts 
of  deilgning,  which  Sir  Harry  Wotton  fays  are  fubfervient  to 
that,  ufually  attend  upon  it ;  fculpture  and  painting  being  of 
chief  ufe  to  adorn  building. 

•*  Qnare  if  that  railed  tlie  Abbot's  old  map.     See  Erit.   Top   I.  537. 

f  See  an  extraft  fiom  this  account  in  Itin,  Cur.  p.  18.     Sc-e  alfo  Brit.  Top.  I.  p8,  ^36. 

r   P.  27.  |l  Remarks,  vol.  I.  f.  23. 

s  V. 


OF     THE    SPALDING     SOCIETY. 

V. 

Extracts  from  the  Minutes  of  the  Antiquary  Society  at  Spalding, 
in  Lincohilhire,  in  a  letter  from  Maurice  Johnson,  Efq.  to 
Mr.  R.  Gale,   Auguft  25,  1  735. 

That  I  may  fomewhat  account  for  our  proceedings,  and  fliew 
you  it  might  be  in  fome  meafure  worth  while  to  bellow  fo  much 
pains  upon  us,  give  me  leave  to  fend  you  a  brief  extradl  of  our 
late  minutes*. 

1735.  June  5.  The  reverend  the  Prefident  in  the  chair.  The 
Hate  of  the  Mufeum  confidered,  and  that  of  the  library.  Some 
orders  made  for  the  better  regulating  and  augmenting  them. 

A  drawing  and  an  account  of  a  large  Bivalve,  with  a  fmall  in- 
cifure,  the  colour  white,  prefented  to  the  Mufeum  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Ray,  a  member. 

A  drawing  and  an  account  of  a  large  Mufliroom  Coral,  or  Brain- 
ftone,  by  Mr.  Beauprc  Bell,  a  member. 

A  letter  from  Mr.  Bogdanit,  a  member,  concerning  Fluxions, 
in  anfwertoMr.  Lyn|,  another  member. 

An  account  by  the  iirll  Secretary  of  Grimeflhorpe  Hall,  a  feat  of 
his  grace  the  Juke  of  Ancafter  in  this  county,  the  architecture, 
tlie  tapellry,  pi<5tures,  and  j^late  there. 

A  prefent,  from  a  lady,  of  a  filken  fpool  artificially  inclofed  in 
a  phial. 

Mr.  John  Muller,  a  Lorrainer,  and  eminent  mathematician, 
elected,  and  admitted  an  honorary  member  by  ballot. 

Several  tranfadtions  in  MS.  of  a  Philofophical  Society  at 
Dublin,  1707,  read,  and  prefented  to  Dr.  Green,  Secretary  of  this 
Society. 

*  The  former  part  of  this  letter  concerns  the  Corbridge  Silver  plate  ;  on  which  fee  another, 
dated  May  3,  1735,  with  the  traalactions  of  the  Spalding  Society,  in  Air.  Hutchinfon's  View  of 
Northumbeiland  L  150. 

f  Mr.  Bogdani  was  F.  R.  &  A.  SS.  and  had  a  confiderable  office  in  the  Office  of  Orclnai;ce  at 
the  Tower.     He  died,  at  Hitchin  in  Hertfordfliire,  in  November  1771. 

I  George  Lyn,  efq.  of  Southwick,  in  the  county  of  Northampton,  who  give  an  account  of  aa 
Aurora  borealis  fcen  there,  Fh.  Tr.  N^  348  ;  and,  v/ith  the  affiftance  of  his  Ion  and  Mr.  Bogdani, 
drew  )lie  tefTelated  Pavement  found,  1736,  at  Cotterftock  in  the  fame  county,  engra\ed  by  Vcrtue 
for  the  Society  of  Anti-^piarics  1737.     JM.r.  Lyn  was  related  to  Mr.  Johnlbn. 

I  June 


5X 


5$  M  R.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N '  S    M  I  N  U  T  E  S 

Jimei2.  The  Prefident  and  fix  other  regular  members  pre- 
fent. 

Several  fpecimens  of  curious  fhells,  prefented  by  the  Prefident 
and  others,  repofited  in  the  new  drawers. 

A  curious  llieath  for  a  knife  and  fork  very  long,  and  embroi- 
dered with  bands  of  all  colours  more  tejelato  feu  mujivo,  fliewn  by 
Mr.  Ray. 

Part  of  a  letter  from  Mr.  Beaupre  Bell  to  the  Secretary,  fliewing 
fome  hydroftatical  e:5q5eriments  on  Roman  medals,  to  diflinguifii 
cafts. 

N.  B.  The  fame  method  had  been  tried  by  John  Chickley,Efq^. 

June  19.  Prefident  and  nine  other  regular  members  prefent. 

The  Society's  coadjutor  and  gardener  produced  a  prodigious 
large  rofe,  raifed  in  their  garden. — Rofa  iacarnata  Ravi,  fol.  30. 
L.  I.  c.  4. 

A  white  mole,  taken  by  a  member  at  Cowbitt,  in  his  garden  in 
this  pariili,  prefented  to  the  Mufeum ;  a  fpot  of  black  hairs  round 
each  eye,  and  a  black  tail. 

The  cafe  of  Frances  Wood,  or  Hood,  whofe  feet  parted  from 
her  legs,  and  came  off  in  the  fmall-pox,  and  flie  recovered  with- 
out help  of  any  medicine  or  chirurgeon,  at  Saltford  near  Bath, 
in  the  month  of  March,  1723. 

Dr.  Grew's  Mufeum  adapted  to  our  Mufeum  by  the  Secretary. 

June  26.   Prefident  and  eight  other  regular  members. 

An  impreHion  from  a  Perfian  or  Armenian  intaglio  ftamped 
on  paper,  which  Mr.  Alexander  Gordon*  gave  the  Secretary,  with 
his  deicription  and  draught  of  the  fame,  and  fome  conjedlures 
thereupon. 

An  account  of  fome  fine  painted  glafs,  and  the  blazon  of  the 
arms  of  Lincoln  College  in  Oxford,  drawn  and  written  by  Mr. 
Falkner  of  that  college,  a  member  of  this  Society. 

ALatin  Epiftolary  Poem,  MS.+  "  B.  Loveling  Gilberto  fuo." 

*  Secretary  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  in  London. 

■\  Mr.  Loveling  and  Mr. Gilbert  were  both  of  them  Commoners  of  Trinity  College,  Oxon,  and 
jntiimce  friends. 

A  ftoney 


OFTHESPALDINGSOCIETY.  59 

A  ftoney  incnifiation,  and  talk,  found  at  Shotover-hill. 

Mr.  Stagg,  Coadjutor,  prefented  the  Mufeum  A\ith  a  Murcx- 
Acukatus  Permagnus — See  Grew's  Catal.  p.  126,  upon  which 
occafion  the  Secretary  gave  feme  account  of  the  purple  dye,  and 
how  extracted  from  that  fifli,  and  alfo  of  the  Buccina,  whereof 
we  have  various  fine  fpecimens. 

July  3.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Waiter  Johnfon,  LL.  B.  m  the  chair, 
and  ten  other  members  (all  regular)  prefeut. 

Mr.  Falkner,  a  member,  prefented  a  plan  of  the  Phyfic 
Gardens,  Gates,  and  new  defcription  of  the  buildings  for  the  Pro- 
felfi^r's  houfe  and  library  at  Oxford. 

Dr.  Green,  Secretary,  and  Mr.  Cox,  Operator,  undertook,  at  the 
inftance  of  the  Society,  to  collect  and  prepare  a  Hortus  Siccus  for 
the  Mufeum,  and  to  fet  about  it  forthwith,  to  be  placed  over  the 
fpecimens  of  the  Materia  Medica,  and  to  be  ranged  in  a  neft  of 
drawers  already  prepared. 

Mr.  B.  Bell,  a  member,  prefented  a  collection  of  monumental 
Infcriptions,  MS.  in  the  church  of  Walllngham-parva,  in  the 
county  of  Norfolk. 

At  the  Ducking  on  Thurfday  laft,  were  taken  up  174  dozen 
of  malards  or  drakes  moulting,  and  on  Monday  46  dozen  and  a 
half,  in  all  2646  birds. 

Dr.  Green,  a  Secretary  of  this  Society,  read  a  diflertation  upon 
the  Ofteocolla,  and  compared  a  fpecimen  of  it  with  that  we  took 
for  an  incruftation,  prefented  byMr.  Palmer,  and  found  at  Shotover- 
hill. 

July  10.  The  Prefident  in  the  chair,  ten  other  regular  mem- 
bers. 

A  prefent  to  the  Mufeum  of  the  legs  and  feet  of  the  larger 
Loon  or  Diving-bird,  -■Uv'/oo-ksT^i;  of  Ariftotle,  with  a  defcription 
thereof,  whence  Oars  were  invented  by  a  Platcean. 

*  See  Pennant's  Britifli  Zoology  11.  4T 9 — 422,  410. 

I   2  Mr. 


Co  M  P.     J  O  II  N  S  O  N  '  S     M  I  N  U  T  E  S 

Mr.  Button,  a  member,  fliewed  the  Society  live  Roman  coins; 
one  in  great  brafs  ofexquiiite  work,  the  Apotheolis  of  Antoninus 
Pius;  another  of  him  with  a  radiated  crown  ;  3.  Nero;  4.  Vef- 
pafian;   5.  Titus. 

Dr.  Green,  Secretary,  brought  an  unufual  Hypericum,  which 
grows  plentifully  upon  the  banks  of  an  old  moat  round  the  pre- 
cin6ls  of  this  priory,  alfo  the  Nympha^a.  See  Ray's  account  of  it. 
It  feems  to  have  been  the  Lotus  of  the  Nile. 

The  other  Secretary  read  a  diflertation  on  Text,  Textum, 
Textus,  Grammatical,  Canonical,  Claffical,  and  Legal,  Sec.  from 
a  manufcript  of  his  own. 

July  17.   The  Secretary,  Mr.  Johnfon,  communicated  part  of  a 
letter  to  him  from  his  fon,  a  member,    in  London,    giving  an  ac- 
count in  French  of  a  moft  magnificent  Ciifern*,  made  in  Jermain. 
flreet  (by  Mr.  Jernegan)  for  Mr.  Meynil,  of  moft  exquifite  work- 
manfliip,  valued  at  8000I. 

Alfo  of  another  letter  to  him  from  Mr.  Bell;  a  member,  with  an 
infcription  found  at  Taloire  concerning  an  Horologe,  with  that 
gentleman's  learned  differtation  thereon,  and  fome  obfervations 
(obiter)  of  the  faid  Secretary's  touching  the  fame,  and  the  Sciathe- 
ricon,  Clepfydra,  and  Clepfamiddion  of  the  ancients. 

As  that  gentleman  has  fince  fliewed  me  Ibme  thoughts  of  yours. 
Sir,  on  this  fubjedl,  and  the  fame  infcription,  it  may  not  be  unac- 
ceptable to  remind  you  of  two  or  three  obfervations  of  my  owa 
inferted  occafionally  in  our  minutes  at  this  place.  ''dco7.oy^ov, 
^xio^ripiy.ov,  vel  Solarium  Pliny  &  Junius.  TyJo^risov,  v,  Plutarch, 
in  Marcello,  8c  Diog.  Laertium,  Athen.  lib.  iv.  'D.^ovo{,{£7ov  Alex- 
and.  Aphrodif.  Problem,  lib.  xix.  95.  Of  thefe  there  are  very  an- 
cient inftances,  as  in  Scripture  of  the  Dial  of  Ahaz,  that  in  the- 
Gampus  Martins,   and  Pliny's  at  his  villa. 

KAsij^uJ'^a  per  quod  aqua  fenfim  diftillat.  Ariftophanes  in  ... , 

*  This  is  the  Ciftern  of  which  a  LotCeiy  was  afterwards  made^ 

Hence 


OFTHESPALDINGSOCIETY.  6i 

Hence  :\\fo  KXe-^^vrf^iov,  feu  parva  Clepfvdra,  apiul  Philoftrat. 
in  Vita  Adriani  Sophiftee.  'T^^oaxonicv  apud  Synef.  Epid.  15. 
KXs^a'x;xi'^iov,  Juiiii,  a  T^jdixiMov  arena  leu  arenula.  Alex.  Aphrod. 
Prob.  1.1.  I . 

Now,  Sir,  it  fliouldfccm  from  the  words  of  Varro,  (DeReRudica 
III.  c.  5.)  thatinthe  Aviary  at  his  country  feat  near  Gafinum,  his  Ho- 
rologium  was  clockwork  or  an  automaton,  according  to  his  defcrip- 
tionof  its  demonftratingthe  hours  by  the  moving  of  the  figure  of  a 
itar  to  them  round  the  infide  olthe  tholus  or  cupola;  and  Caftel's 
tranilation,  figure  and  explanation  in  his  book  of  Villas,  to  which 
I  fee  you  are  a  fubfcriber,  (fee  p.  7  o.  7  i .  7  2.)  and  which  our  Society- 
received  as  the  bountiful   donation   of  our   worthy  and  learned 
member,  Mr.  Samuel  Wefley-'-,  jun.  A.M.  and  formerly  nQier  of 
Weftminfier,  now  head-rnafter  of  Tiverton  Ichool  in  Devonmire. 
Whether  the  Signa  might  not  fignify  Bells,  and  they  be  a  fort 
of  chimes,  which  the  Servus  had  charge  of,  I  doubt,  and  fubmit 
this  citation  to  your  confideration.      ^dificium,  a  clock-houfe  or 
tower.      "  Perduravit  ignis  in  turre  ecclefioe  monafterii  de  Burch 
(Medefliamfted,  nunc  Peterbm'gh)  novem  diebus,  8c  omnia  figna 
eonfratfta  funt."     Hift,  vet.  de  Petriburgo,  fol.  17.  citat.  in  J.  Le- 
landi  Coiled:,  v.  I.  part  I.   p.  15.      This  was  fpoken,  as  I  think, 
on  the  general  invafion  and  conflagration  made  by  the  Danes  in 
thefe  parts,  when  they  deftroyed  all  the  antiquities  here. 

Mr,  Bogdani,  a  member,  aflifled  the  Secretary  in  placing  all  their 
imprelTions,  Sec.  in  proper  order  in  the  drawers;  and  prefented 
the  Mufeum  with  many  curious  impreffions  of  antiques,  and  alfo 
with  a  fine  Lapis  Lazuli  Hone,  and  of  Lambert  blew,  both  found. 
in  Sufiex,  much  ufed  in  painting,  and  a  large  plate  of  Mufcovy  ' 
glafs,  or  talk. 

Tlie  Prefident  communicated  the  following  receipt,  which  1 
prefent  you  with ;  he  had  it  from  Mr.  Norman  Cany,  who  made 

*  Brother  to  the  Methodjlh  ;   and  avitlior  of  *  Vohnne  of  Poems,  \n  which  are  fome  Tales  very 
well  told. 

^  the 


6x  M  R.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N  '  S    M  I  N  U  T  E  S 

the  fine  bed  of  feathers,  fold  for  fome  thoufand   pounds    to  the 
king  of  Pruffia. 

Take  of  gum  arable  jtb,  melt  in  water  one  quart;  white  rofin 
the  bignefs  of  a  walnut,  beat  to  powder  the  fineft  flower  of 
wheat  ytb.  mix  them  gradually  in  another  quart  of  water, 
boil  them  gently  at  leaf!  half  an  hour,  llir  them  conftantly 
till  they  are  almoft  cold,  ftrain  the  whole  through  a  piece 
of  crape  well  waihed,  fo  that  the  black  is  taken  out,  and  pour 
it  into  china  faucers.      It  will  keep  40  years.      When  you 
would  ufe  it,  break  a  bit  as  you  want  it,  and  diffolve  it  in 
warm  water.      It  preferves  againft  moths  and  other  infecfls. 
July  2,4.   The  rev.  the  Prefident  and  ten  other  members. 
A  paper  manufcript  was  read,  intituled,  "  A  projetSt  touching  a 
"  petition  to  Q.  Elizabeth,  for  eredting  her  library  and  new  aca- 
"  demy  of  Antiquaries." 

Mr.  Spelman's,  Sec.  accounts  of  the  fame,  colledled  by  the  Se- 
cretary, and  the  original  draughts  of  the  rules  of  the  prefent  An- 
tiquarian Society. 

July  31.  The  rev.  the  Prefident,  nine  regular  and  two  hono- 
rary members  prefent. 

The  Secretary  prefented  a  call  of  the  medal  of  Gregory  XIII. 
on  the  m.aflacre  of  Paris,  with  fome  account  of  the  original 
medal  whence  this  was  taken,  in  the  cabinet  of  Dr.  Middleton 
MaiTey*,  a  member  of  the  Society,  and  of  the  fadt. 

Read  fome  farther  account  of  the  iilver  table  found  near  Cor- 
bridge,  from  the  London  Evening  Poft,  N"  1199!. 

Aug.  7.  The  Prefident,  fix  regular,  two  honorary  members 
prefent. 

Mr.  B.  Bell,  a  member,  fliewed  the  focicty  two  Roman  fibula?, 
lately  dug  up  near  Reculver  in  Kent.   (See  plate  III.  fig.  1,2,3.) 

*  Richiiid  Middleton  Knfley,  M.  U.  was  eleded  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
1718,  to  whom  he  afted  as  Secretary  during  the  abfence  of  Dr.'Stukeley  1725,  1726.  He  was  alio 
F.  R.  S.     Ke  died  at  Rofthcrne  inChefiiire,  March  27,  1743. 

t  The  account  of  it  in  the  NcwcalUe  newfpn.per  is  primed  by  lilr.  Hutchinfon,  in  liis  View  of 
NorthiuubcrLuid,  I.  146. 

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OF    THE    SPALDING    SOCIETY.  63 

Ilealfocommunicatedthe  following  verfes,  wrote  by  Mr.  Titlev, 
when  at  Wellminfter  fchool  ^ : 

Sit  mibi  vhenti  clecus  et  fentienti 
Virgiiii  in  tumulum  divini  pramia  vat  is, 
Extendit  viridem  laurea  den/a  co77iam. 
^lid  tibi  defuntio  valet  bctc  f  falicior  olim 
Sub  patula  fagi  tsgmine  vivus  erat. 

The  rev.  Mr.  Ray,  a  member,  fliewed  the  Society  fome  piecjes 
of  very  thick  itained  glafs,  whicli  was  dng  up  in  a  garden,  whereon 
pa  rt  of  the  conventual  church  of  Spalding  ftood. 

Mr.  Bogdani  drew  in  the  minute-book  two  Parabolic  Specula, 
and  thereto  added  an  explanation,  fhewing  how  by  means  thereof 
Archimedes  might  in  probability  fire  the  Roman  fliipping  at  the 
liege  of  Syracufe.  A  very  curious  folution  of  that  well-attelled 
but  much  doubted  performance. 

Auguft  1 4.  The  Prefident,  ten  regular,  and  one  honorary 
member  prefent. 

Mr.  Johnfon,  Secretary,  read  a  dilTertation  of  his  own,  upon 
the  invention  and  improvement  of  glafs.  Shewed  the  Society 
part  of  a  ribbed  glafs  urn  found  in  a  fepulchre  at  Port  Mahon, 
given  him  by  the  honourable  Mr.  Bertie  |,  a  memberofthe  Society. 
It  feems  by  the  fragments  to  have  been  of  the  fliape  repre- 
fented  in  plate  III.  fig.  4.  It  is  of  all  the  colours  in  the  rainbow, 
like  the  moft  beautiful  oriental  pearl  ;  but  much  dirt  flicking 
to  it,  and  broken  into  a  thoufand  pieces  when  he  firft  had  it. 

The  diirertation  took  notice  of  glafs  cups,  bowls,  the  toreumata 
of  the  ancients.  iEgypt  firft  famous  for  them,  then  Venice,  now 
England. — Of  windovv^- glafs,  painting  or  ftaining  it,  and  the  three 
gradations  of  improvements  made  therein,  and  examples  to  be 
ken  in  the  ancient  buildings  of  Spalding  and  its  neighbourhood. 

*  Mr.  Titley  was  of  Trinity  Hr.l!,  Cambridge,  ind  envoy  to  th?  l^ing  of  Denmark.  His  ceL- 
brated  Imitation  of  Horace,  Book  III.  Ode  i.  and  the  anlwer  which  Dr.  Bentlcy  honoured  him  « ith, 
are  printed  in  Gent.  Ma;^.  1740,  p.  61D. — Ho  is  r.g;iin  mentioned,  by  Mr.  Johnfon,  in  p.  66. 

X   I'eregiinc  Bertie,  F.  A.  S.  i;;i8, 

Firil:, 


^4  MR.    JOHNSON'S    MINUTES 

Firft,  fimple  in  regular  figures,  fquare,  lozengevvife,  round,  S:c. 
placed  in  pieces  of  difii-renc  colours  only,  without  any  other 
draught  ordedgn  having  ever  been  in  the  glafs,  or  intended;  as 
a  tranfparent  piece  of  Opus  teilellatum,  or  Mofaic,  as  in  the  eaft 
window  of  the  free  grammar-fchool,  , transferred,  no  doubt,  from 
the  much  ancienter  priory  at  the  diflblution,  and  in  fome  windows 
in  the  cathedrals  of  Lincoln  and  Ely. 

The  fecond  fort  was  when,  without  a  proper  tint,  the  drawings 
were  with  black,  or  Sanguis  Draconis,  or  an.y  colour,  as  in  thofe 
of  the  priory,  exhibited  at  the  laft  meeting  of  the  Society  by 
Mr.  Ray.      So  fome  flill  at  Lincoln,  Moulton,  and  Pinchbeck. 

The  third,  laft,  and  beft  fort,  when  the  colours  were  pro- 
perly Ihaded  with  fimilar  tints,  as  in  fome  glafs  in  the  Secretary's 
poiTeflion,  fome  in  Gedney  church,  the  beft  at  Oxford,  Fairford, 
Cambridge,  &c. 

The  Secretary  alfo  fliewed  an  oblong,  fquare  piece  of  glafs, 
of  a  very-  thick  fine  deep  Azure  or  Ultramarine  colour,  having 
the  letters  [fee  plate  IIL  fig.  5.]  annealed  in  gold  or  burnt  on. 
This  is  all  there  was,  though  it  has  been  broken,  and  by  the  fecre- 
tary  fet  together  again ;  there  are  no  marks  on  the  backfide. 

I  read  it  ETHELREDVS  REX  APVD  TEMPLVM,  and  hum- 
bly conceive  it  to  have  been  part  of  a  ihrine  or  reliquary  for  fome 
remains  of  that  royal  monk  king  Etheldred,whofehiftory  you  have 
in  the  Saxon  Chronicle  fub  ann.  656,  and  who,  on  his  queen 
Ofritha's  being  killed  by  the  Danes,  in  a  fit  of  defpair  and  devotion, 
became  a  monk  and  abbot  of  Bardeney,  in  his  own  kingdom  and 
this  county,  A.  D.  704.  But  as  for  the  chara6ters,  and  being  in 
real  gold,  very  antient,  and  the  like  never  feen  before  by  me,  I 
conclude  it  was  made  in  the  reign  of  his  brother  and  fucceflTor  in 
ihe  realm,  perhaps  not  very  long  after  his  death,  which  happened 
A.  D.  7165  and  entreat  the  favour  of  your  thoughts  upon  it. 

Communicated  by  George  Lyn,  fen.  of  Southwick,  near 
Oundle,  in   Northampton fliire,    a   member,    an   addition  to   his 

former 


O  F    T  n  E     S  P  A  L  D  I  M  G     S  O  C  I  E  T  Y.  65 

former  Tables  of  Meteorological  Obfervations,  anfwerlrig  Dr. 
Jurin's,  a  member's,  requeft  and  propolals  from  April  1733,  when 
■we  had  them  lall,  accurately  drawn  up  in  feveral  columns  to  this 
time. 

Read  a  curious  account  of  the  flrudure  of  the  human  heart,  as 
communicated  i^y  a  learned  phyllcian  ■•',  attended  with  proper 
draughts  illuftrating  the  fame. 

The  Secretary  acquainted  the  Society,  t]iat,  with  the  affiilance  of 
the  Treafurer,  Mr.  Bogdani-f,  Bell,  and  Falkner,  he  had  put  all  the 
plans,  prints,  and  drawings  belonging  to  the  Society  in  proper 
order  into  their  porto  folios. 

Auguit  21.  Read  your  laft,  giving  {o  full  and  fat isfa6\ory  ac- 
count of  the  Gorbridge  Iilver  table,  aiid  took  notice  to  the  Society 
of  the  feal  with  which  you  had  imprefled  the  cover, 

but  who  was  he  J  ? 

Alfo  read  a  letter  from  my  fon  to  me,  with  the  legends  on  the 
infide  and  outiide  of  an  old  ring,  fent  by  one  Mr.  Sprufton  of 
Cambridge  to  Mr.  George  Vertue,  a  member;  that  on  the  outiide 
[plate  III  fig.  6.]  feems  to  have  been  a  prayer  or  invocation  to 
St.  Guthlakc,  though  J  believe  not  cither  of  them  originally 
truly  cut,  or  not  exacSlly  copied.  The  infide  [fig.  7.]  feems  to 
be  a  charm.  And  what  v^as  much  better,  tvvo  drawings  in  In- 
xiian  ink  neatly  done  by  him  (as  thejudg€S  then  prefent  were  pleafed 
to  fay)  of  two  fphinxes  in  Dr.  Mead's  colledion,  copied  Irom  Mr. 
■Gordon's,  one  veiled  like  a  matron,  the  other  with  her  hair  braided, 
and  neatly  fet  with  a  backward  coeffeure,  like  a  i)retty  young  lafs. 

We  read  two  dilTertations,  one  about   ambergrife,  another  on 
■fafcination   by  the   e}^,   which   I  rather  believe  effe^led  by  the 

^  Al^-xnnda-  Sciiait,  ?.l.  D.  F.  R.  S, 

•j-  V/il!Iani  Eogdaiii,  Efq,  (ice  p.  77)  \v,is  a  good  fcholar,  and  an  excellent  dr.muhtfmaii. 
He  was  r.ppointed  Secretary  to  the  Ordnsnce-office  at  the  death  of  Mr.  Bufli,  and  enjoj-ed  it  till 
)iis  death  in  1,771 ;  but  lived  qiiite  retired  on  his  eftate  at  Hitchiii  tor  near  twenty  years  before 
iii'i  deceafe. 

J  Tiie  owner  of  the  fcal  uiight  have  been  a  native  of  Driffield,  in  Glouccfier  or  York  lliires. 

K  venom 


66  MR.    JOHNSON'S    MINUTES 

venom  of  the  rattle- fnake,  fpir  out  of  his  mouth  upon  the  objecfl, 
though  at  fome  diltance,  whereby  it  fickens;  having  heard  an  in- 
ftance  of  a  gentlem'an  who  killed  himfeif  only  by  rubbing  fome 
venom  fo  fpit  on  his  boot  with  his  finger  on  the  back  of  his  hand. 
Alio  two  copies  of  Latin  verfes,  communicated  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Ray,  MS. — "  An  Natura  intendat  Monllruni? — Negatur," — 
"  An  idem  Temper  agat  idem? — Affirmatur." — This  lafl,  defcrib- 
ing  the  life  of  a  foxhunter,  by  Mr.  Titley"''\ 

They  were  alfo  pleafed  to  take  in  good  part  my   introducing 
that  beautiful  thought  in  the  fecond  line  of  the  Miraculum  Coenae, 
Ex  bydriis^  hofpes,  vinum  diffundite,  dixit'. 
Lymph  a  piidica  Deum  vidit  et  erubint. 
So  the  tw^o  firft  lines  of  this  Epigram  upon   "   Subtilia  Vencnij" 
fet  me  as  a  tafli  by  B.  Bell,  who  made  the  lart : 

Auribus  exceptiSy  diibitas  ftibtile  Venenum 

Senfu  omni  hiimano  corpore  pq^ffe  bibi. 
Ipfe  venenatos  oculis  fitientibus  ignes 

Nempe  bibo ;  teftis Jemper  amanda  Chloe. 
My  Brother  Secretary  communicated  part  of  a  large  quantity  of 
feeming  fat  earth,  very  white,  found  in  a  moor,  two  yards  under 
ground  near  Perith,  in  Cumberland,  which  being  melted 
anfwTred  all  the  appearances  of  deer's  fuet  and  boar's  fat,  and  is 
by  him  thought  to  have  been  the  fat  of  fome  fuch  animals,  long 
fince  there  interred  or  fallen. 

I  fhall  make  no  apologies  for  this  long  endeavour  to  fend  you 
Ibmething;  but  am  Your  molf  humble  fervant, 

Augl"ftt%3;.  Maurice  Johnson. 

*  Mr»  Titley  was  educated  at  Trinitv  college^  Cambridge,  in  which  be  for  mnnj- years  held  the 
lay  feUowlhip  founded  for  a  civilian.  He  was  appointed  Ei.v  ly  to  the  Court  of  Denmark,  in  which 
flation  he  died.  He  bequeathed  a  fiim  of  money  to  the  Univerfity  of  Cambridge,  part  of  whicli; 
was  to  be  applied  to  their  public  buildings.  This  fum  in  1768,  when  Sir  James  JN'larriot  Mailer 
of  Triaity  hall  was  Vicc-thancellor,  was  voted  to  ertvT:  a  Miiiic  room,  of  which  a  plan  was  en-, 
^r.ived  to  follicit  a  further  aidftom  contributions,  but  failed  of  fuccefs,. ' 


OF    THE     SPALDING    SOCIETY. 

vr. 

Letter  from  Maurice  Johnson,  Efq;  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  about 
a  fcutcheon  of  arms  at  the  vicarage- houfe  in  Bofton,  in  Lin- 
colnfliire. 

SIR,  M.y^,.y7. 

It  is  fo  long  fince  I  had  the  pleafure  of  feeing  or  hearing 
from  you,  that  I  cannot  longer  forbear  taking  leave  to  renew 
our  correfpondence  this  way,  not  knowing  when  we  may  meet, 
for  I  think  not  of  being  in  town  till  Michaelmas  term.  As  I 
know  not  yet  if  you  are  gone  out  of  it  ;  efpecially  as  you  may 
there  be  better  able  to  refolve  us  ;  I  thither  direcft  this  to  you : 
for,  among  other  curious  things  communicated  to  our  Society, 
a  drawing  of  this  coat  of  arms,  [plate  III.  fig.  ii.J  carved  on 
an  oaken  door  and  pannel  over  a  chimney  in  the  vicarage-houfe, 
in  the  church-yard  of  Bofton  (the  red  lines  fupplying,  from  that 
better  preferved  within,  what  had  been  worn  or  defaced  on  the 
door),  was  brought  uc  many  years  ago,  and  now  again  lately ;  and 
the  learned  Mr.  Rigby  the  vicar,  and  other  curious  gentlemen 
there,  would  willingly  know  to  whom  they  belonged. 

Our  friend  Dr.  Stukeley,  in  his  Itinerary,  page  29,  thus  de- 
fcribes  it :  "  In  the  parfonage-houfe  is  a  fcutcheon,  with  a  paftoral 
ft  affbehind  it,  bearing  a  feffe  charged  with  a  fifli  and  two  annulets 
between  three  plates,  each  charged  with  a  crofs  fitchee  ;"  but  he 
attributes  it  to  no  certain  perlbn,  and  omits  the  mitre,  which  is 
plain  on  both,  and  the  motto,  and  two  J's,  which  arc  on  the 
carving  within  doors. 

Iceland's  Colleiftanea,  Fuller,  and  the  other  few  fuch  books 
as  1  could  have  here  to  coniult,  would  not  reiblve  this  doubt  ; 
but  not  long  fince,  as  I  was  accidentally  reading  in  Prynne's 
edition  of  Sir  Robert  Cotton's  Collection  of  Records  in  the 
7'ower,  p.  907.  amongft  the  tranfactions  in  parliament  at  VVeft- 
minfter,  22  Ed.  IV.  A.  D.  1483.  5.  19.  I  met  with  what  may 
help  to-dilcover  and  afcertain  it. 

K  2  Thomas 


^7 


68  •  MR.     JOHNSON"     TO     MR.     R.     GALE. 

Thomas  Eourchier,  the  cardinal  and  archbifliop  of  Canter- 
bury, ami  ocheF  the  king's  feoirees  in  triiil:  of  certain  hereditn- 
ments-  of  the  Duchy  of  Luncaitcr,  do  rcleafc  to  the  abbot  of 
St.-  Mary's  in  York  80  marks  yearly,  parcel  of  200  rnarks^ 
which  the  faid  abbot  yearly  paid  to  the  Duchy  of  Lancaftery 
for  the  manor  of  Whitguift,  Sec.  In  confideration  v/hereof  the 
faid  abbot,  Thomas  Bothe,  gave  to  the  king  the  advowlbn  and 
parfonage-houfe  of  Bolfon  in  Lincolnfliire  ;  the  ^^■hich  faicl 
parfonage  the  king  approj^iiated  to  the  prior  of  St.  John's 
of  JerufoJem  (then  Sir  John  VVeiton)  in  fucceiiion;  for  the 
which  the  faid  prior  gave  to  the  ufe  of  the  king  in  fee  certain 
lands  called  Beanmond's  Lees,  enclofeil  with  pale,  in  Leicefter^ 
all  which  grants  are  confirmed  by  authority  of  parliament^  14S3:. 

Nov/  1  prefume  the  two  I's,  one  on  each  lide  of  the  ei- 
eutcheon,  may   'a'^mis  Johannis  JeriiJalo^nhanL 

From  the  time  of  this  exchange,  the  following  lord  priors,, 
ftyled  commonly  in  thcfe  days  Lords  of  St.  John,  occur  in  our 
friend  Mr..  Willis's  catalogue  (Append.  Lei.  Coll.  p.  251.)?  o^^^^ 
of  whofe  arms  or  device  thefe  probably  were  : 

1477-.  Sir  John  Wefton,  in  whofe  priorate  this  exchange 
was  made  or  coniirm.ed. 

1491.  Sir  John  Kendall,  who  occurs  an  adlive  and  firft  com- 
mhiioner  of  fewers  in  our  records  in  feme  great  traafadtions  in 
this  country. 

150 1.  Sir  Thomas  Docwray,  v^ho  built  the  elegant  cam- 
panile iit  St.  John's  near  Smithfield,  demolilhed  by  the  duke  of 
Somerfet. 

15  19.  Sir  William  Wefton,  who  continued  prior  till  the  dif- 
folution.  May  7,   1540. 

Sii-  William  Dugdale,  in  the  fecond  volum.e  of  his  Monafticon 
Anglicanum,  p.  531?  gives  fome  account  of  the  Knights  Templars 
thcrcy  but  thai  vv'as  the  chapel  on  the  bridge  ;   Dr.  Stukeley,  Itin. 


M  R.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N    T  O    M  R.     R.     G  A  L  E.  6^ 

p.  2  3,  of  their  having  lands  in  Skirbeck,  which  parifli  encompafles 
the  borough  of  Bollon,  except  on  the  fen  fide  one  ^^ay,  and 
wherein  they  had  a  confiderable  eltate. 

As  I  apprehend  from  the  ])a{rage  in  parhament,  tlie  manner 
of  biiiUUng,  and  theJe  carvings,  wliich  I  have  heretofore  and 
not  long  fmce  ieen,  this  device  or  arms  were  put  up  by  or  in 
honour  of  one  of  the  faid  priors,  probably  with  fome  fanciful 
mixture  or  augmentation  to  the  paternal  or  family  bearing.  You 
will  oblige  me  in  determining  which  of  them ;  perhaps,  on  Ihew- 
ing  them  to  our  friends  Mr.  New,  Mr.  Anftis,  or  fome  of  the 
Ileraldical  Members  of  the  Antiquarian  Society,  they  may  be 
refolved.  At  your  leifure  be  pleafed  to  favour  me  with  an 
anfv.er.  Yours,  M.  Johnson. 

The  Coat  armour  of  the  four  Lords  Priors  of  St.  John's,  in  the 
preceding  page,  are  very  well  known,  and  none  of  them  bore 
the  arms  at  the  vicarage-houfe  at  Bofton ;  to  which  I  may 
add,  that  the  mitre  and  paftoral  flaff  fliew  they  belonged  to 
fome  bilhop  or  mitred  abbey  ;  but  as  none  of  our  bifliopricks 
ever  had  fuch  arms,  nor  any  of  our  mitred  abbeys,  as  appears 
by  what  is  extant  of  them,  I  am  apt  to  think,  they  belonged 
to  the  mitred  abbey  of  Eardney,  not  many  miles  diftant  from 
Bolion.  Fuller,  in  his  Church-hiftory,  tells  us,  he  could  not  dif- 
cover  what  v.ere  the  arm.s  of  Cirencerter  and  Bardney,  and  has 
therefore  left  blank  fcutcheons  for  them,  in  his  table  of  arms 
belonging  to  the  miitred  abbeys  ;  and  as  thefe  arms  at  Bofton, 
by  the  mitre  and  paftoral  ftaiF,  muft  have  belonged  to  a  mitred 
abbev  where  can  we  look  for  it  more  rationallv  than  at  the 
very  next  of  them  to  Bofton,  whofe  lord  abbot  was  probably 
fuch  a  benefactor  to  the  building  of  the  vicarage-houfe,  that  he 
might  deferve  very  well  to  have  his  arms  more  than  once  placed: 
uponii?  R.  Gale.. 


^c,  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    M  R,    B.    G  A  I.  E. 

The  infcription  [plate  III.  fig.  12.]  is  in  the  wall  of  the  weft 
end  of  St.  Mary's  church  at  Lincoln,  on  the  left-hand  of  the  door. 

The  firft  fix  lines  are  of  later  writing  than  thofe  that  follow, 
and  feem  to  relate  to  the  dedication  of  the  church.  The  latter 
may  he  read  as  follows : 

DIS    MANIBVS   SACRVM 
NOMINI    SA.CRI 
BRUSCI    FILII    CIVIS 
SENONI    ET    CARISS 
VMAE    CONIVGIS 
EIVS    FL.   QVINTILE.'-^- 

The  infcription  [fig.  13.]  was  found  in  the  ruins  of  the  old 
town-houfe  at  Lincoln,  by  workmen  digging  for  fand,  eight  feet 
deep;  no  other  letters  are  vifible  upon  it  at  prefent;  but  there 
have  been  five  lines  formerly  infcribcd. 

Maurice  Johnson. 

*  The  firft  part  of  this  Infcription,  which  is  plainly  Chridian  and  pofterior  to  the  other,  was 
engraved  by  Dr.  Stukeley,  Itin.  II.  pi.  Ixiv.  and  copied  in  Britifl^  Topography  I.  520*  The  Dorter 
engraved  the  other,  Itin. I.  p.  86,  and  reads  it  fomev.'hat  differently,  making  the  S  at  the  end  of  the 
firft  line  part  of  MANIBVS,  and  mifreading  CARISSUNAE  &  EIVS  ET.  The  Infcription  here 
given,  fig.  1  3,  feems  to  be  mentioned  by  him  Itin.  I.  p.  85.  as  foimd  in  a  pit  in  the  fame  part  of  the 
city,  on  which  was  only  to  be  read  D  M  and  VIX.  ANN.  XXX.  with  carvings  of  palm  trees  aad 
other  thiniis. 


vir. 


M  R.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N    T  O    S  I  R    J.     C  L  E  R  K.  71 

VII. 

Letter  from  Maurice  Johnson,  Efq;  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  of  a  brafs- 
feul  found  ill  an  luii,  with  fomc  coins  of  Gallicnus,  at  Har- 
laxton  in  Lincolnfliire,  with  Sir  John  Clerk's  obfervations 
upon  it,  burning  of  tlie  dead,  and  Britifii  language,  obclilks, 
and  circular  ftones.  t 

January  ii, 

1741-2. 

I  entreat  your  thoughts  v\"hat  feal,  and  for  what  ufe,  was 
one  found  lately  in  this  county,  of  brafs,  as  broad  as  a  half- 
crown,  weight  an  ounce,  with  a  handle  of  the  fame  metal,  all 
of  a  piece,  taken  out  of  an  urn  with  fome  burnt  bones  and  coins 
cf  Gallienus,  &c.  at  Harlaxton  ••'•'•  in  this  county.  Round  it  were 
the  letters  in  fig.  14+  ;   and  within  thofe  in  fig.  15. 

The  fubftance  of  my  anfvver  was,  that  as  to  the  finding  of  this 
feal  in  an  urn,   with  the  coins  of  Gallienus,   8^c.   I  fuppofe  there 
had  been  fome  impofture,  either  by  putting  it  into  the  urn   when 
it  was  lately  difcovered,  or  by  fending  a  falfe  relation  of  the  fa6t : 
that  the  firlHnfcription  plainly  denotes  Sigillurn  Comitates  Canta- 
brigice ;   the  laft  I  took  to  be  the  Sheriff's  name,   but  could   not 
make  it  out.      Mr.  Johnfon  fent  the  fame  account  and  requefl  to 
Sir  John  Clerk,   which  occafioned  what  follows ; 
"  S I  R, 
What  you  write  of  the  Vifcontal  Seal,   found  in  an  urn  with 
burnt  bones,  furprifes  me  much,   and  the  more  that  you  make 
no  obfervations  on  the  manner  of  its  being  found  there.      It  feems 
that  fuch  difcoveries  are  common  in  your  country,   and  that  in 
fuch  urns  brafs  inftruments,   with  Saxon  words  and  charaders^ 
are  frequently  foimd.      1  thought  this  had  been  very  rare,  though 
I  have  many  reafons  to  believe,  that  the  Saxons,  even  after  their 
fettling  in  England,  continued  the  German  cuftom  of  burning 
the  dead,  till  they  were  totally  converted  to  Chriftianity. 

*  Camden  fyieaks  of  a  golden  lielmet  found  at  this  placCv 
•j-  To  be  read  Sigiilum  Thome  Cantcbry^g^ 

You 


72  SIR    J.     CLERK    TO    MR.    JOHNSON. 

You  are  pleafed  to  make  fome  obfervations  upon  the  infcrip- 
tion  round  the  Seal,  v.  hich  are  exceeding  right ;  but  the  only  one 
I  fliall  make  is,  that  the  Seal  ailually  belonged  to  the  perfon 
whofe  bones  were  found  in  the  urn.^  ;  for  fo  I  muft  believe,  till 
freQier  evidence  Ihall  acquaint  me,  that  it  has  been  put  there  by 
p.ccident,  long  after  the  adies  were  depofited  in  the  urn. 

I  need  not  inform  you,  that  the  cuftom  of  burning  the  dead 
took  i)lace  almoil:  all  over  Europe  about  iXJ  or  1800  years  ago. 
The  Germans,  as  well  as  the  Romans,  the  Danes,  Swedes,  Gauls, 
Britons,  and  all  the  other  neighbouring  nations,  followed  this 
culiom,  till,  upon  the  introduclion  of  the  Chriftian  religion,  it 
was  then,  and  not  till  then,  that  they  thought  it  inconliitent  to 
deface  thofe  bodies  with  fire,  which,  for  any  thing  they  knew, 
might  the  next  moment  be  called  upon  to  appear  before  the  tri- 
.bunal  of  God  at  the  laft  day. 

And,  as  the  cuftom  of  burning  the  dead  took  place  among  the 
above-mentioned  nations,  fo  the  ceremonies  of  it  v.ere  very  near 
uniform  ;  particularly  it  is  certain,  that  the  utenfils  of  all  arts 
pra<fl:iied  by  the  deceafed  were  thrown  into  the  fire  with  the  bodies, 
or  depolited  near,  or  in  the  urns.  I  need  not  inlift  upon  parti- 
culars, but  deiire  you  to  call  'to  mind  what  Homer  fays  was  done 
at  the  burning  of  the  body  of  Patroclus,  Iliad  xxiii.  and  what 
Virgil  tells  you  at  the  burning  of  the  body  of  Mifenus,  yEneid 
m..  3,14..  23s. 

—  Congejla  cremantur 
^hurea  dona^  dapes^  fujo  crateres  olivo. — 
^t  plus  j^neas  ingenii  mole  fepulchrum 
Intponit,  fuaque  arma  vim,  re?numque,  tttba7nqtie. 
Juft  the  fame  things  were  pra6tiled  in  Britain,   as  I  have  had  oc- 
calion  to  obferve  from,  feveral  urns  found  in  this  country. 

As  J  liave  tol  1  you,  that  1  am  fudiciently  fatisfied  that  the 
Saxons  did,   for  fome  time,   continue  the  pradlice  of  burning  the 

*  This  cannot  be,   for  the  cuftom  of  burning  thc.d>;adwas  abrogated  fome   hundred  years 
beiure  thefe  *i.als  were  in  Jie. 

3  dead 


SIR    J.     CLERK-    TO     MR.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N. 

dead  after  their  fettlement  here,  fo  I  think  it  was  eafy  to  con- 
tinue a  practice  which  they  had  found  univcrfally  received  here  ; 
for,  by  the  bye,  I  mult  obferve,  were  it  doubtful,  that  the 
Saxons  were  not  fuch  ftrangers  in  Britain  as  the  generality  of  our 
hiftorians  believe,  Ihice  they  had  made  us  many  vifits,  and  the 
language  of  the  Britons,  according  to  Cx'far  and  Tacitus,  differed 
very  little  from  the  German,  and  was  originally  the  fame,  name- 
ly, the  Celtic.  This  language  was  about  17  or  1800  years 
ago  fpoken  uniformly  by  five  nations,  the  Germans,  lUyrians, 
Gauls,  Spaniards,  and  Britons ;  they  had  very  near  the  fiime 
chara(fters,  fo  that  what  moft  of  our  writers  call  Saxon  charailers 
are  truly  old  Britifli  chara6ters,  and  thofe  which  were  ufed  in  the 
language  fpoken  from  the  South  parts  of  Britain  to  the  Murray 
frith  in  Scotland  ;  that  very  language,  with  gradual  alterations 
and  mixtures,  which  we  fpeak  at  this  day. 

I  know  that  a  Welfliman  will  laugh  at  this  do6trine  ;  for  the 
people  of  Wales  commonly  believe,  that,  upon  the  invafions  of 
the  Romans  and  Saxons,  moft  of  the  true  Britons  retired  into 
their  country  with  their  language,  which  continues  among  them 
at  this  time  ;  but  this  I  can  demonftrate  to  be  a  miftake,  for  the 
language  fpoken  in  Wales  and  the  Highlands  in  Scotland  came 
from  h-eland,  and  has  no  affinity  with  the-  old  Celtic,  of  which 
I  could  give  you  hundreds  of  proofs  from  the  antient  remains  of 
the  Celtic :  in  the  mean  time,  I  will  not  fay  but  that  the  Irifli 
language  may  be  as  old,  and  poffibly  older,  than  the  Celtic, 
but  fure  I  am  the  latter  was  quite  different  from  the  former. 

What  you  wrote  to  me  about  the  Vifcontal  Seal  led "  me  to 
this  digreffion  ;  and  I  only  return  to  make  this  obfervation  upon 
it,  that  the  letter  G,  twice  repeated  in  the  word  Cantabrigg,  is 
the  very  fame  I  have  on  a  pedeftal  of  a  ftatue  of  Mercury,  found 
in  this  country,  and  from  which  I  infer,  that  it  was  the  letter 
G  which  was  commonly  ufed  by  the  Britons,  and  fometimes  af- 
fumed  here  by  the  Romans. 

L  As 


74 


SIR    J.    CLERK    TO    MR.    JOHNSON. 

As  to  the  coins  of  Gallienus,  found  likewife  with  the  feal,  I 
have  nothing  to  obferve,  except  that  it  was  common  to  depofite 
money  among  the  allies  of  the  dead,  or  to  place  fome  near  them 
in  heaps  of  ftones,  fand,  or  rubbilh,  ufually  raifed"  above  thefe 
allies.  Great  quantities  of  money  have  been  found  in  moft  places 
of  Europe  hid  in  this  way,  and  a  good  deal  both  in  England  and 
Scotland. 

I  fliall  now  proceed  to  make  a  few  remarks  on  the  obelifks  and 
circular  pofition  of  ftones  you  mention.  I  have  fee n  fome  of  the 
jfirft  you  mention  in  Cumberland,  particularly  that  at  Beaucaftle, 
defcribed  in  the  new  edition  of  Camden.  We  have  many  fuch  in 
this  country,  fome  are  very  antient,  with  the  oldeft  kind  of 
Runic  characters  upon  them,  and  fome  more  modern;  all  of 
them,  I  think,  have  fome  refemblance  of  croffes  upon  them, 
which  intimate  them  to  be  Chriftian  monuments  ;  but  I  never 
cared  to  look  at  them,  being  a  reproach  to  the  artificers  of  thofe 
times,  that  in  their  defigns  they  could  deviate  fo  much  from  na- 
ture, which  they  had  every  moment  before  their  eyes:  fuch 
clumfy  monuments  as  thefe,  I  am  fure,  can  never  communicate 
to  us  any  inftru6tion. 

As  to  the  circular  ftones,  we  have  fome  of  them  in  almoft  every 
county  here,  from  15  or  20  feet  diameter  to  300  and  upwards, 
the  firft  dimenfions  are  the  moil  common.  None  of  thefe  come 
■up  to  the  grandeur  of  Stonehenge,  the  ftones  being  feldom  above 
five  or  fix  feet  high,  but  all  of  them  are  imitations  of  the  fame 
thing,  and,  no  doubt,  have  ferved  for  places  of  worfhip>  or  for 
burial,  as  I  have  feveral  times  obferved  from  urns,  ftone  coffins, 
and  burnt  bofies  found  in  them.  J.  Clerk." 


viir. 


M  R.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N    T  O    M  11.    R.    G  A  L  E.  75 

VIII. 

Mr.  Johnson's  letter  to  Mr.  Gale,  of  a  prefent  of  foffils  and 
a  book  from  Norway  to  the  Society  at  Spalding  —  three 
golden  orbs  found  in  Sconeland — an  enquiry  about  the  bones 
and  antiquities  found  in  the  Mount  at  York  1742 — the  coin  of 
Caraufius  with  Neptune  on  the  reverfe ;  and  Dr.  Gcncbrier's 
Hirtory  of  that  emjieror. 

Dear  Sir,  ,  spaid:ng. 

»  July  30,  i74i- 

Itisfo  long  fince  I  had  the  honour  of  a  letter  from  you,  that 
you  mull  pardon  my  writing  to  you  again,  as  I  much  willi  to  be 
affured  of  your  enjoying  health,  and  have  fomething  very  un- 
common to  communicate,  which  may  not  have  occurred  to  you, 
and  yet  may  pleafe  you,  for  whom  I  have  the  greateft  efteem,  and 
our  Society  the  jufteit  regard.  Know  then,  my  very  good  friend, 
that  laft  Thurfday  we  received  from  Richard  NorclifFe,  an  in- 
genious merchant  at  Fredericfhauld  in  Norway,  and  beneficent 
correfpondent  member  of  our  Society,  for  its  Mufeum,  fpecimens 
of  all  the  minerals  and  metals  of  that  country,  with  great  variety 
of  foffil  fifli-fliells,  all  white  pe<5lens,  pedunculae,  cockles,  mufcles, 
&c.  but  none  petrified.  Of  all  thefe,  there  found  in  vaft  quan- 
tities fub  terramy  they  make  lime.  With  them,  that  worthy 
gentleman  was  pleafed  to  honor  us  with  a  prefent  in  itfelf  curious, 
"An  hiftory  of  Greenland*"  in  quarto,  printed  lafl  year  at  Copen- 
hagen, dedicated  to  the  prince  of  Denmark,  by  the  Rev.  Hans 
Egede,  late  miflionary,  and  now  fuperintendant  there  for  his 
Danifli  majefly  ;  rendered  more  ufeful  by  a  new  map  of  that 
country,  and  particularly  of  the  coafts,  creeks,  bays,  and  har- 
bours; with  copper-plates  of  the  birds,  bealts,  fiilies,  amphi- 
bious animals,  plants,  flowers,  and  a  very  full  account  of  the  va- 
rious kinds  of  whales,    particularly  the  Norhool  or  fea-unicorn, 

*  This  was  tranflated  into  Englifti,  and  publiflied  under  the  title  of  "  A  defcription  of  Green* 
land,  &.C.  with  a  map  and  plates.    Lond,  1 745,"  Svo. 

L  3  .  whence 


^6  M  R.     J  O  H  N  S  O  N    T  O     M  R.    R.    G  A  L  E. 

whence  I  believe  all  called  the  horns  of  that  imagined  quadru- 
ped (except  what  has  been  turned  out  of  elephants  teeth  for  im- 
pofition  fake)  are  produced,  the  rhinoceros's  being  black.  But 
the  book  is  rendered  much  more  valuable  and  intelligible  by  a 
manufcript  tranflation  of  the  whole,  with  an  index  by  himfelf,  on 
interleaving,  very  neatly  written,  for  the  ufe  and  amulement  of 
our  Society. 

Nor  has  our  induftrious  and  learned  brother-member's  good- 
will refted  here,  for  he  has  added  likewife  fuch  a  like  fpecimen 
of  fliells  from  the  coaft  of  Sweden,  and  with  them  fent  a  very  cu- 
rious and  elegant  Latin  treatife  "  De  Orblbus  tribus  aureis  in  Scania 
erutis  e  terra,'"  with  the  lord  governor  Magnus  Durell's  letter  with 
them  to  the  king,  dated  Nov.  17,  1674,  from  Chriftianftadt,  with 
the  icons  thereof,  all  three  much  alike,  but,  as  moi\  bullas  or 
neck-jewels,  only  wrought  on  one  fide,  exprefling, 

"  I .  Caput  regium  juvenile,  crinibus  nitidijfmie  co7'iiplicatis  et  re- 
iortis,  villa  latijimd,  et  gemma  fa,  fafciis  etiam  pendentibiis  a 
tergo. — Majejiatis  Regies. 

2.  Urus  procumbens,  cornubus  margaritis  ornatis,  collo  cindliird 
gemma t a,  dorfali  etiam  gemmato.     Fortitudinis  Heroica. 

3.  Circumcirca  ferpentes  bince  maxima,  variegate?,  et  maciiUs 
pidcberrime  diJiinSIis,  faucibus  invicem  ri^iantibus,  longifque 
dentibus  armntis  totum  ambiunt.  Sapientite  fymbola. 

"  rudi  plane  opere,  lit  ijlius  aureo-  bulla  in  Hickefii  '^befauro  a  Wan- 
"  leio  delineate  in  epijiola  ad  ep  if  cop.  AIenevenfem'^,fo.  8.  tab.  1 1. 
"  N.  via.  et  fol.  xx\  cum  charaB.  Runic  is  (ut  ilk  conjeBuram  deditj 
*'  ignotis.  Sed  in  bis  nulla  liter  a.  Holmia,  '^vo.  imprejum  opus 
"1675,  compojitmn  per  Job.  Scbefferumjur.  profeJTor,  ^c.  Up- 
*'7^j//Vp;"  a  very  entertaining  piece,  and  from  the  purencfs  of  the 
gold,  and  manner  of  workmanfliip,  the  learned  Profeffor  thinks 
they  were  made  el fe where.     You'd  oblige  us  with  your  thoughts 

*  Acl;im  Ottlev  vvasnot  liiflmp  of  St.  D:ivid's  till  7  years  after  the  publication  of  Hickes'  book, 
the  preface  of  uhiciiis  addieUed  tohiiii  as  aicluieacoa  of  iihrcvvlbury  and  prebendary  of  llcieford. 

of 


M  R    J  O  H  N  S  O  N    T  O    M  R.    R.     G  A  L  E.  77 

of  them,  and  that  in  Dean  Hickes's  Thefaiiriis,  piibliflied  fince 
thcfe  in  1705,  but  as  there  not  mentioned,  I  fuppofe  he  might 
never  have  feen  this  treatile. 

The  Northern  people  interred  their  ornaments  with  their  de- 
ceafed ;  fo  the  old  Franks,  and  he  cites  p.  1 4.  Fiohnodini  hijloriam 
Gothici  cap.  2.  "  Non  ejl  bonum  abire  nudum  ad  Odlnum^''  I  rup]:)ofe 
he  means  Odin's-hall  in  Heaven  ;  of  which  their  Odin,  Hickes 
and  Sheringham  make  mention. 

I  requeit  the  favour  of  you  to  fend  me  fome  account  of  the 
late  difcoveries  near  Micklegate  in  York,  that  may  be  depended 
upon,  and  a  f ketch  of  the  utenfils  or  ornaments  there  found,  if 
fuch  has  come  to  your  hands;  alfo  of  your  Caraufius  Neptunus 
which  I  underftood  from  Dr.  Kennedy  you  had,  and  which  you 
are  lately  enriched  with,  or  it  efcaped  my  obfervation  when  I  had 
the  indul;i:ence  of  vie  win  p;  vour  cabinet. 

■  What  think  you  of  Genebrier's  performance?  Dr.  Kennedy 
lent  it  to  me  for  an  hour  ;  he  difapproves  great  part  of  it;  but  I 
remember  Mr.  Kemp  was  a  defigner  and  a  medalift,  but  not  a 
mailer  of  languages,  much  lefs  much  verfed  in  hiftory,  or  the 
laws,  ulages,  habits,  charaffters,  or  even  the  lapidary  language,  or 
medallic  Ityle,  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  with  which  I  am  not 
intimate,  but  ever  pleafed  with  information  ;  with  none  more  than 
from  you  ;  being,  Sir,  8cc.  Maurice  Johnson,  jun. 

IX. 

Mr.  Gale's  anfvver  to  the  preceding  letter;   Auguft  9,  1742. 

I  am  much  obliged  to  you  that  my  long  lilence  has  not  given 
you  occalion  to  break  off  our  correfpondence,  the  interval  of 
which  has  been  wholly  owing  to  the  want  of  matter  and  enter- 
tainment, and  no  other  caufe.  I  congratulate  the  worthy  Society 
upon  the  valuable  prefent  received  from  Mr.  Norcliffe,   and  wifh 

them 


y8  M  R.     R.     G  A  L  E    T  O    M  R.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N. 

them  many  fuch :  it  is  fomething  itrange,  that  among  the  lub- 
terraneous  foffils,  no  petrifactions  were  found;  this  muft  be  at- 
tributed to  the  nature  of  the  earth  wherein  they  were  interred, 
not  impregnated  wdth  juices  or  matter  proper  for  that  purpofe. 

The  Hifl:ory  of  Greenland  muft  be  very  curious  ;  I  fuppofe  it 
was  wrote  in  the  DaniQi  language,  not  much  underftood  among 
\is ;  as  Mr.  NorclifFe  has  been  at  the  pains  of  tranllating  it  into 
Englifli,  and  of  adding  an  index  to  it,  it  looks  as  if  he  had  de- 
figned  it  for  the  prefs ;  and  if  your  Society  would  get  it  printed, 
they  would  not  only  do  honour  to  him,  but  highly  oblige  the 
curious  world.  1  hope  I  lliall  Ibme  time  or  other  partake  of  that 
pleafure ;  why  may  not  you  gratify  us  with  it,  when  you  come 
to  town  next  term?  If  I  am  then  there,  I  will  give  all  affiftancc  to 
it  in  my  po^^  er. 

It  would  be  a  great  prefumption  in  me  to  pretend  to  fend  you 
my  thoughts  uj^on  the  three  golden  orbs  dug  up  in  Scania  almoft 
70  years  ago,  having  never  feen  SchefFer's  book  upon  them. 
He  was  a  very  learned  man,  and  well  verfed  in  the  Northern  an- 
tiquities, fo  that  I  cannot  but  think  he  muft  in  his  treatife  upon 
thefe  orbs  or  bullas  have  entirely  exhaufted  his  fubjedf.  To  me 
they  appear  from  the  infcriptions  and  figures  to  have  been  regal 
ornaments,  buried  with  fome  prince,  if  fuch  infcriptions  are  upon 
them,  which  I  don't  know  how  to  reconcile  with  your  quotation 
from  that  author. — Sed  in  bis  nulla  litera^  except  the  words  Ma~ 
jejlatis  Regid',  8«:c.  are  a  fliort  comment  of  your  ow^n  or  Scheffer's 
upon  their  refpedive  fymbols.  The  head  upon  the  firft  feems 
to  be  much  in  the  tafte  of  the  bas  empire,  and  perhaps  was  made, 
as  all  the  reft,  at  Rome,Conftantinople,  or  in  Gaul;  and  SchefFer  is 
of  opinion  they  were  not  caft  in  the  country  where  found,  but  of 
foreign  fabrick. 

The  beft  account  I  can  fend  you  of  the  antiquities  lately  difco- 
vered  at  York  is  publiflied  in  the  York  Gourant  of  the  29'^'  of  June 

laft 


M  R.     R.     GALE     TO     MR.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N.  79 

laft  by  Mr.  Drake,  and  I  believe  may  be  depended  upon,  being 
drawn  up  by  him  on  the  place  ;  but  none  of  them,  nor  fo  much 
as  a  fls.etch  of  them,  have  I  ever  feen.  By  the  coin  of  Nerva,the 
lamps,  &CC.  I  conceive  it  was  originally  a  Roman  burying-place; 
but  the  bones  lying  eight  feet  thick  above,  without  any  earth  ui- 
termixt,  makes  it  appear  as  if  they  were  the  reliques  of  fome 
great  flaughter,  heaped  up  together  promiicuoufly  all  at  the 
fame  time.  Their  being  all  of  adult  perfons,  except  a  very  few 
fkeletons,  would  perfuade  us  they  were  a  colledfion  after  fome 
bloody  battle:  but  I  have  a  fancy,  which  1  don't  know  how  it 
will  be  approved,  that  the  carcaffes  of  the  Jews  which  were 
maffacred  here  in  the  reign  of  Richard  I.  to  a  vaif  number,  might 
here  find  a  commune  fepidchrum.  It  was  abfolutely  necelTary  to 
bury  them  fomewhere,  even  to  prevent  infedlion;  the  cheapeft  and 
eafiefl:  way  was  to  throw  them  together  in  one  and  the  fame  pit; 
and  how  could  they  fhew  their  deteftation  more  of  this  wretched 
people,  than  by  interring  them  thus  in  the  place  of  an  old  heathen 
fepulchre  ?  If  it  is  afked,  how  comes  it  to  jiafs  that  fo  few  bones 
of  young  perfons  were  found  among  them  ?  I  anfwer,  becaufe  it 
was  ufual,  when  the  zeal  of  the  priefts  and  populace  had  fpurred 
them  on  to  murder  this  odious  nation  (which  was  very  fre- 
quently) to  fpare  the  children  and  baptize  them. 

I  had  not  the  Caraulius  you  mention  till  about  two  years  ago;  it 
is  an  unique  and  very  curious  ;  it  relates  particularly  to  his  naval 
power  and  fuccefs  at  fea  againft  the  emperors  Dioclefian  and  Max- 
imilian ;   on  one  fide  it  bears 

Caput  Caraufii  laureatum,  humeris  paludatis^  imp.  caravsivs 
p.  F.  AVG.  On  the  reverfe — Neptunus  in  rupe  fedens,  dextra 
anchored  innititur^  finijlrd  hajlajn  puram  tenem  ereSiam, 
coNSERVAT.  AVG.  ConfervatoT  AugujU. 

It  is  of  copper,  and  the  largeft  fize  of  that  emperor's  coin. 

7  1  think 


So  M  R.     R.     G  A  L  K    TO    AI R.    JOHNSON. 

I  think  Dr.  Genebrier's  performance  to  be  good  in  the  main, 
though  he  fometimes  advances  things  which  I  think  his  proofs 
do  not  fiipport.  The  whole  is  wrote  with  a  true  French  air  and 
fpirit:  he  frequently  miftakes  the  chorography  of  Britain,  the 
names  of  places,  and  their  fituation. 

Since  I  w' rote  to  you  lalt,  I  have  read  over  the  Hiftory  of  the 
Heavens  by  the  abbe  Pluche,  and  thank  you.  for  the  recommenda- 
tion of  it  to  me.  I  cannot  tell  whether  I  read  this  book  over  with 
more  pleafure  or  improvement;  or  which  I  admire  moft,  his  great 
Ikill  in  the  eaftern  and  other  languages  and  cuftoms,  his  eafy 
and  unftrained  derivations  and  etymologies,  or  his  juft  reafoning 
and  true  philofophy,  ^particularly  in  the  lecond  part,  and  the  unde- 
niable conclufions  he  forms  from  all  his  premiffes.  Asfoon  as  I 
have  a  little  more  leiiure  than  at  prefent,  I  purpofe  to  myfelf  a 
double  pleafure  in  reading  over  the  work  of  this  great  abbe  once 
more,  for  decies  repetitaplacebit. 

I  have  herewith  fent  you  a  defcription  of  a  beautiful  ruin^-' 
near  Kelfo  upon  the  borders  of  Scotland,  lately  communicated  to, 
me  by  Mr.  Francis  Drake  of  York,  which  as  it  is  little  known  to 
us,  and  perhaps  may  be  demoliflied  before  any  farther  notice  is 
taken  of  it,  may  be  acceptable  to  the  Society,  and  preferved  in 
their  records  from  entire  oblivion.     I  am,  dear  Sir, 

Your's,  &:c.  R.    Gale. 

I  always  took  Dr.  King's  fkill  in  medals  to  be  more  that  of  a 
trader,  than  of  a  fcholar. 

•  Mailros  abbey.  This  letter  of  Mr.  Drake's  is  printed  in  Mr.  Hutchinfon's  View  of  Northum- 
berland, 1776,  vol.  I.  p.  282. 


X. 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    R.     GALE.  ^i 

X. 

Letter  from  Maurice  Johnson,  Efq.  to  Mr.  Gale,  of  the  New 
Apartments  of  the  SPALDiNGSociETy.-—Infcnptions  at  Worms, 
and  works  now  carrying  on  by  fome  member  of  that  Society. 

C     T     T5  SpaUlIng, 

^    ■••    ^^y  Sept.  iS,  .745. 

Next  to  making  my  grateful  acknowledgements,  and  return- 
ing you  the  thanks  of  the  gentlemen  your  brethren  of  the  .So- 
ciety here  for  your  laft  literary  communication,  and  our  joint 
congratulations  on  your  recovery  from  fo  many  and  great  perils  ; 
I  am  to  notify  to  you,  Sir,  as  a  moft  worthy  member  who  has  ho- 
noured us  with  your  prefence  when  we  made  fliift  with  a  fmall 
fingle  room  for  convenience  meerly,  and  but  of  indifferent  accefs, 
that  at  the  inftance  of  their  Treafurer,  and  joint  requeft  of  all  here 
refiding,   I  have  had  the  pleafure  of  accommodating  thofe  wor- 
thy gentlemen  with  a  porch  ov  entrance  p/u/quam  X  pedis,  wherein 
we  have  repofited  our  carved  ftones,  a  fragment  of  -Venus   (the 
antient  tutelar  patronefs  of  Spalding,  Spalrelyn^eji,  or  *A(p^o^£aacx,y 
Salambona,  unde  for/an  Salinas,    dug  up  under  the  foundations 
of  the  conventual  church  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  where  it  was  bu- 
ried  when   her  Pagan   temple  was  demoliflied,  and  that  lady, 
as  ufual,   took  her   place.     It  cannot  have   been    a   Chriftian 
idol,  and,  being  in  a  rifing  pofture,   muft  probably  have  been 
as   orta   ?nari. — A   man's    head,  with  fine   long   neatly  curled 
hair,  probably  Ivo  de  Taillebois,  earl   of  Anjou,  William   the 
Firfl's  nephew,   lord  of  this  place,    who  much  refided  and  died 
at  his  caille  here,   with  fome  fingular  ornaments  of  fculpture 
lately  dug  up  within  the  fcite  of  his  faid  caille  in  the  road  to 
York,  and  given  me  by  the  gentleman  whofe  workmen  difcovered 
them,  but  the  head  is  miferably  defaced.     A  pair  of  great  gates, 

*  All  this  about  Veaus  is  gratis  diffutn, 

M  fronting 


&z  M  R.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N     T  O    M  R.    R.    G  A  L  E. 

fronting  the  London  road,  leads  through  a  court  yard  (their  gar- 
den) of  40  yards  by  25,  to  this  porch  ;   thence  into  a  hall  of   16 
feet  6  inches  by   1 8   feet,   well  paved,   hung  with   maps,  plans, 
charts,  &c.  leading  through  a  pair  of  folding-doors  into  a  much 
larger  and  loftier  room,  though  the  firft  be  above  10  feet  high. 
The  hall  is  the  orcheftra  or  concert-room,   furniflied  ^vith  a  prefs 
facing  the  door,  well  ftored  with  a  good  coUedlion  of  mulic  of  all 
mailers  in  requeft,  and  fome  of  the  antientSj  or  not  now  living, 
as  Blov/'s,  Purcell's,  Baffano's,  Corelli's  works,  &c.  an  excellent 
harpfichord,  baflbon,  bafs-viol,  violins,  8cc.      This  leads  you  into 
the  iaro-er  room  exadly  in  the  middle,  and  fo  as  when  the  doors 
unfold  to  make  them  appear  as  one ;  and  that  lets  you  into  the  Mufe- 
um  with  four  book-cafes,  two  deeper  for  charts,  plants,  and  prints, 
and  two  on  them,  in  one  of  which  is  our  Hortus  Siccus,  and  our 
Materia  Medica  in  the  other,  all  in  drawers ;  to  which  may  be  added 
in  proper  partitions  and  fubdivifions   what  medals,   coins,  fmall 
pieces  of  carving,  turning,  or  other  curious  works  of  art  we  have, 
with  room  abundant  for  the  reception  of  more.     The  like  pro- 
vifion   for   gems,  minerals,   metals,   foffils,  petrifactions,  Ihells, 
and  infers.      This  our  Mufeum  is   2.2  feet  8  inches  and  a  half 
clear  within,  by  1 8  feet  wide,   and  1 1  feet   2  inches  and  a  half 
high   within  the  copartments,   the  cieling  being  divided  by  cor- 
nice work-beams  into  fix  equal  platfonds;   at  the  other  end  of 
this  room  are  a  fervant's  room  and  a  cellar  proper  to  the  Society, 
which  lead  into  a  large  adjoining  building,  for  a  coadjutor,  or  ope- 
rator to  the  Society's  officers,  its  Prefident,  &:g. 

I  had  the  fatisfaftion  of  hearing  from  my  fon,  in  his  majefty's 
and  country's  fervice,  from  the  camp  at  Worms,  27th  of  Auguft, 
attended  with  a  good  account  of  their  healths,  and  drawings  of 
two  equeftrian  monuments  taken  by  him,  from  the  marbles  againft 
the  cathedral  there,  both  fepukhral,  with  the  infcriptions  repre- 
fented  in  plate  III.  fig.  8j  9. 

This 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.     R.    GAL  E.  83 

This  fculpturc  feems  good,  and  of  early  time,  though  I  have 
no  Gruter  to  conlult.  They  are  both  in  niches,  and  equcftrinn, 
perhaps  alto  rehevo,  with  enemies  under  their  horfes.  The 
cornet  is  armed  with  a  lliarp-pointed  fword  on  his  right  thigh, 
a  Contus  or  very  ftrong  Pilum  in  his  right,  and  the  Signuni 
in  his  left  hand  at  top  of  a  long  fpear,  as  in  plate  III.  fig.  i  o.  The 
trooper  has  a  like  fword  and  fpear  in  his  right,  and  a  hroad  fliield 
on  his  left  arm;  both  their  horfes  are  elegantly  trapped,  and  rear- 
ing on  their  hind  legs,  and  they  and  their  riders  feem  to  be  in 
adfion. 

My  fon  fent  me  alfo  a  fketchof  aftrangeGothic  ftatue  of  the  Vir- 
gin Mary,  crowned,  and  riding  aflride  upon  a  monfter,  headed  with 
Ezekiel's  four  Evangelical  types,  mentioned  by  Miffon  (Letter 
VIII.)  as  a  reprefentation  of  the  Gofpel  triumphant,  and  feveral 
other  llrangc  hieroglyphical  fculptures there, much  like  Egyptian; 
all  the  more  acceptable,  as  we  have,  except  what  I  cited  from 
Miffon,  no  account  of  them  from  Lafcels',  Harris's,  Breval's,  or 
Wright's  voyages,  as  I  can  find. — We  wifli  this  may  afford  you 
fome  amufement,  as  it  furniflied  us  with,  but  more  efpecially, 
dear  Sir,  Your's,  &;c.  Maurice  Johnson. 

P.  S.  Our  Society's  members  make  fome  ferviceable  figure  in 
orbe  Uterario  ;  and  either  as  fuch,  we  are  partial  to  Dr.  Taylor's 
lUuftration  of  the  Marmor  Sandvicenfe,  and  Dr.  Long's  Firft  Part 
of  his  Aftronomy,  or  they  are  judicious  performances.  We  hope 
well  from  thofe  in  hand  by  other  brethren  and  fellow  members. 
An  Hiftorico-Chronological  Lift,  or  rather  Lifts,  of  all  the  Sheriffs 
of  every  county  in  England  and  Wales,  from  the  Conqueft  to  this 
year,  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Robert  Smith,  A.  M.  redlor  of  Woodfon, 
near  Peterborough,  with  their  arms  *.  An  Hiftory  of  the  Church 
and  Dignitaries  of  the  Cathedral  of  Lincoln,    by   Mr.  Thomas 

*  Mr.  Smith  died   1761,  beforehe  had  completed  his  work.     See  Hutchins'  Dorfet,  Introd. 
p.  Ixi.  notez,  and  Brit.  Topog.  I.  193. 

M  2  Simpfon, 


84  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    R.    GALE, 

Simpfon,  Clerk  of  the  Fabrick ^•■••,  and  Finch's  NOMOTEXNIA-^,or 
the  firft  Inflitute  of  our  Laws  adapted  to  the  time,  with  a  fourth 
book  not  before  pubhflied,  and  compared  carefully  with  the 
French  in  folio,  and  two  former  Englifli  editions,  and  the  MS.  pre- 
fented  by  him  to  King  James  the  Firft,  in  my  hands,  with  notice 
of  all  the  alterations  by  ftatutes,  and  references  to  Reports  by  years 
as  before.     Adieu. 

XI. 

Part  of  a  letter  from  Maurice  Johnson,  Efq.   on  a  Roman 
Infcription  communicated  to  the  Spalding  Society. 

January  14, 
'743-4- 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Ray,  from  his  friend  the  Rev.  Mr.  Samuel  Pegge, 
of  Godmerfham,  the  2  2d  of  laft  month  communicated  to  our 
Society  this  infcription  on  a  marble  of  his  own : 

Q;   PACVVIVS    STEPTVS:|: 
C.  IVLIO  ISOCHRYSOll 
COGNATO   SVO 
LOCVM  DONAVIT   OB 
MERITIS 

Such  kind  of  names  being  impofed  on  flaves,  he  fuppofes  thele 
manumitted  by  maftcrs  of  the  Pacuvian  and  Julian  families,  and 
to  have  taken  their  Nomina  from  them,  placed  between  their 
Prcenomina  and  Agnomina.  1  prefume  this  was  a  licence  to  be 
interred  in  the  grantor's  burial-ground,  ob  meritis  he  takes 
to  be  a  fign  of  its  being  of  the  later  empire.  I  fancy  the  govern- 
ment of  prcepofitions  was  ever  pretty  much  at  pleafure  of  the 
Lapidaries  at  all  times.  Maurice  Johnson. 

*  Mr.  Siinpfon's  large  colleftions  are  in  the  hands  of  his  fon,  prebendary  and  minor  caaon  of  Lia- 
coln,  &:c.  who  oftercd  thtm  to  the  late  Bifliop  (jreen.  His  lordfliip  declined  accepting  them,  and 
aftenvaids  prompted  Mr.  Pegge  topurfue  thefubjedl,  in  which  he  has  made  fome  j)rogreis. 

{  Qi  it  Finch's  "  Defcription  of  the  common  laws  of  England,"  publiflied  in  1759,  8vo, 

*  Cor.onatu^.  I)  Auro  contra  non  earns. 

Xll. 


M  R.    R.    GALE    TO    MR.    J  O  II  N  S  O  N.  85 

XII. 
Anfwer,  by  Roger  Gale,  Efq. 

January  47, 
«74j-4- 

The  infcription  from  Mr.  Pegge,  I  fuppofe,  was  not  found  at 
that  place  ;    the  matter  of  it  feems  to  belong  to  Rome,    or  the 
neighbourhood  of  it.      The  perfons  mentioned  in  it  were  rather 
Liberti  than  flaves  of  the  Pacuvian  and  Julian  familes  ;    for  flaves 
had  no  property,  therefore  could  not  convey  locum  fepulturiT  one 
to  another. — There  is  in  Gruter's  Infcriptions  p.  dcccclxxxx.   3. 
a  monument  eredled  by   c.   n.   pompeivs.   pompeiae   cm.   mag. 
FiUae  LiBertus  isochrysvs,  and    another    in  p.   dcccclxxxxix. 
8.    to    c.    VEHiLLio    Caii  Liberto  isochryso;   fome    proof   of 
your  Ifochryius  being  a  Libertus  ;   and  as  the  name  is  commenda- 
tory, perhaps  it  was  given  in  approbation  of  their  good  fervices. 
Permit  me  to  obferve  upon  the    words  ob   meritis,  that   the 
names  Pacuvius   and  Julius  feem  rather  to  tafte  of  the  Higher 
than  the  Lower  Empire.      Whoever  willconfult  the  Infcriptions 
publiihed  by   (^ruter  and  others,    will  find   many  foloecifms  in 
the  pureft  times;    and  no  wonder,   if  you  do  but  eonfider  the 
many  blunders,   both  in  grammar  and  orthography,    that  occur 
upon  monuments  erected  by  ourfelves  at  this  day,  and  their  com- 
mon ftone-cutters  had  no  more  learning  or  care  in  their  bufinefs 
than  ours  have  at  prefent,  R.,  Gale. 


XIII. 


86  MR.    PEGGE'S    EXPLANATION    OF 

XIII. 
Mr,  Pegge's  Explanation  of  the  preceding  Infcription. 

This  marble,  which  is  no  bigger  than  the  fize  of  the  plate-'', 
I  purchafed  out  of  the  coUeftion  of  the  late  John  Godfrey,  Efq;-f-  of 
Norton  Covnt,  in  the  county  of  Kent,  of  whom  mention  is  fo  often 
made  in  Dr.  Harris's  Hiftory  of  that  county.  It  came  from  Italy, 
and  I  prefume  was  prefixed  to  an  urn  in  fome  columbarium,  there 
being  the  marks  of  the  pins,  on  the  dexter  corner  at  top,  and  the 
Unifter  corner  at  bottom,  w^iereby  it  was  fix'd. 

The  infcription  runs,  "  Q.  Pacuvius  Steptus  C.  Julio  Ifochryfo 
<'  fuo  locum  donavit  ob  meritis,"  the  purport  of  which  is,  "  that 
Quintus  Pacuvius  Steptus  allowed  a  place  in  his  family  fepulchre 
to  his  brother-in-law  Caius  Julius  Ifochryfus,  in  confideration  of 
his  extraordinary  merits." 

If  one  may  judge  from  the  form  of  the  letters,  this  infcription, 
cannot  be  very  old;  and  the  fame  I  think,  may  be  rationally  in- 
ferred from  the  words  ob  meritis,  where  the  ablative  cafe  being 
nfed  for  the  accufative,  it  makes  a  conftru6lion  favouring  too  much 
of  the  barbarity  of  the  lower  empire.  However,  we  muft  not  lay- 
too  much  ftrefs  upon  this  argument,  fince  P.  Montfaucon  informs 
us  that  "  falfe  Latin  is  very  common  in.  infcriptions|."  And 
it  is  certain  that  we  have  the  like  flrudure  on  one  of  our 
Northern  marbles  ||. 

*  Which  maybe  feen  in  Gent.  Mag.  1754,  p.  109;  that  copy  being  too  incorrea  to  be  ufed 

IicrCa 

f  Mr.  Godfrey  was  a  man  of  learning,  and  fond  of  antiquities,  of  which  (as  well  as  of  coins  and 
medals)  he  had  a  good  colkaion.  He  had  alfo  a  fine  library,  which  was  bought  by  Mr.  T.  Olborn  ; 
who  fold  it  again,  unpacked,  to  Philip  Carteret  Webb,  Elq;  under  whofe  article,  in  the  "  Anec- 
"  dotes  of  Mr.  Bowyer,"  will  be  given  a  farther  account  of  Mr.  Godfrey,  who  died  about  the 

year  1741. 

+  Antiq.  Tom.  vii.  p.  508. 

\i  Se   iJ( ,  Gale's  Commentary  on  the  Itinerary,  p.  9. 

The 


A    ROMAN    INSCRIPTION. 

The  next  thing  to  be  remarked  is,  that  tho'  it  be  impofliblc  to 
know  who  this  Q.  Pacuvius  Steptus  and  this  C.  Jiihus  Ifochryfus 
were,  yet  foniething  niay  be  learned  with  certainty  concerninf 
their  country  and  condition  of  Hfe.  Steptus  and  Ifochryfus  are 
no  Roman  names,  but  Greek  ones;  the  firft  being  an  adje6tive 
derived  from  <r£<pu,  corofio,  and  lignifying  y^r/o  redimitus-,  as  the 
other  is  the  Greek  word  Icoyoxjaor^  which  fignifies  auro  par,  or 
auro  contra  non  cams,  and  this  name  may  be  feen  in  Fabricius's 
Bibhoth.  Gr.  torn.  xiii.  p.  304.  From  hence  therefore  one  has 
reafon  to  imagine  that  thefe  men  were  both  of  them  Greeks  by 
defcent,  and  of  the  order  of  Liberti.  The  Greek  flaves  at  Rome 
during  the  time  of  their  flavery  had  only  one  name,  which  was 
generally,  if  it  were  not  the  Gentile  name  of  their  country  (as 
Davus,  Geta,  Syrus,  &c.)  fome  word  of  a  favourite  found  and  good 
import,  as  iyamQ,  cvyiviiao^,  inuTriJoc,  and  fo  here  Steptus  and  Ifo- 
chryfus. See  Fabricius  Biblioth.  Gr.  tom.  iii.  p.  1 58.  When  after- 
wards for  their  good  behaviour,  or  through  the  benignity  of  their 
mafters,  thefe  flaves  became  freed  men,  they  took  the  names  of 
their  refpedive  mafters,  with  the  addition  of  their  own ;  in  which 
cafe  Steptus,  the  flave  of  Q.  Pacuvius,  would  be  called  Q.  Pacu- 
vius Steptus  ;  and  Ifochryfus,  the  manumitted  flave  of  C.  Julius, 
C.  Julius  Ifochryfus;  juft  as  we  have  C.  Julius  Hyginus,  the  freed- 
man  of  Aviguftus  Caefar  ;  and  Flavius  Jofephiis,  the  noble  Jcwifli 
hiftorian,  manumitted  by  the  emperor  Flavius  Vefpafian.  Thefe 
freedmen,  or' manumitted  flaves,  were  ftiled  liberti,  and  were 
oftentimes  in  great  favour  with  their  mailers ;  and  when  their 
mafters  were  great  men,  they  became  themfelves  very  powerful 
and  very  wealthy,  of  which  there  are  a  hundreri  inftances  upon 
record.  It  is  obfervable  in  this  cafe,  that  the  mafter's  name  was 
always  prefixed  to  their  own;  but  Salmafius,  in  his  notes  upon 
Achilles  Tatius,  p.  538,  taking  Achilles  for  one  of  thefe  Liberti, 
fuppofes  the  mafter's  name  to  be  there  placed  after  his  own,   his 

words 


87 


33  MR.    PEGGE'S    EXPLANATION    OF 

words  are ;  "  apparet  ex  his  duobus  nominibus  Libertum  fuilTe 
"  hunc  Achillem.  Achillet;  enim  vocabatur  proprio  nomine,  et 
*  "  cum  domini  cognomine,  quod  adoptavit  fervitute  emilRis, 
"  Achilles  Tatius."  See  alio  his  preface  to  that  author.  But  I 
cannot  think  Achilles  was  a  freedman,  and  for  this  very  reafon ; 
becaufe  then  it  would  be  Tatius  Achilles,  as  Flavius  Jofephus 
above.  Therefore  I  rather  believe  Tatius  was  his  father's  name, 
agreeable  to  that  other  opinion,  which  was  the  after- thought  of 
the  fame  Salmafnis  in  his  preface  ;  "  Sed  potell  fieri,  iit  Tatius 
"  cognominatus  fuerit  de  patris  nomine,  qui  Tatius  appellaretur. 
*'  Sic'Hp'l^et'^ArltKo;,  Rhetor  celeberrimus,  qui  Attici  filius.  Sic 
"  Apollonius  Molon,  qui  Molonis.  Ita  ergo,  'Aj^iAAsuc  T/'of, 
"  id  eft,  ^Ay^iXXev;  Tocjia^  Achilles  Tatio  natus  ;"  to  which  I  add 
"'AyjXXsvc'Ezoiip^xc  from  Salmafius's  notes,  p.  538.  But  to  return ; 
whenever  the  Liberti  are  exprelTed  on  marbles,  it  is  generally  faid 
by  whom  they  were  made  free,  or,  in  other  words,  whofe  f reed- 
men  they  were;  for  the  flyle  ran  thus  T.  Julius  Ang.  L.  Glycon, 
which  is  to  be  decyphered,  Titus  Julius  Augufti  Libertus  Glycon  ; 
and  our  Steptus,  were  he  a  freedman,  would  confequently  be  de- 
fcribed  Q.  Pacuvius  Q.  L.  Steptus,  that  is,  Quintus  Pacuvius  Quinti 
Libertus  Steptus ;  and  fo  as  to  Ifochryfus;  and  this  is  the  ufual 
method  of  the  marbles,  on  which  the  manumitted  flave  is  gene- 
rally, if  not  always,  dilpofed  to  record  his  gratitude  for  the  invalu- 
able blefling  of  his  freedom.  From  hence  then  I  infer  that 
Steptus  and  Ifochryfus  could  not  be  Liberti,  but  muft  rather  have 
been  Libertini,  which  was  the  name  of  the  children  of  the  Liberti, 
that  is,  of  thofe  ^\  ho  were  born  of  fuch  fathers  as  had  before  ob- 
tained the  privilege  of  a  manumiflion. 

It  feems  Q.  Pacuvius  Steptus  had  procured  a  family  burying- 
place,  of  which  kind  of  fepulchres  there  are  innumerable  exam- 
ples in  the  antient  infcriptions  ftill  remaining*.     It  is  as  common 

*  See  the  Oxford  Marbles,  N''  Ixv.  and  clxxviii.     Montfaucon,  paffiiTi,  &c. 

I  for 


A    ROMAN    INSCRIPTION.  89 

for  the  owner  of  a  dormitory  to  allot  a  place  in  it  to  his  friends. 
Palling  therefore  thefe  common  and  known  fa6lsj  all  I  fliall  note 
is,  firft,  that  the  Julian  family,  which  gave  Ifochryfus's  father  his 
freedom,  confifted  of  many  other  branches  befides  the  Cxfarean, 
and  that  in  fome  of  its  branches  it  was  of  a  very  long  continu- 
ance :  of  this  I  have  obferved  very  many  inftances.  Secondly,  that 
whereas  I  have  tranflated  the  word  cognatus  by  brother-in-law^  I 
think  myfelf  fufficiently  juflified  in  that,  by  the  authority  of  Fa- 
bretti  and  Montfaucon;  "  the  words  cognatus  and  cognata  are 
"  proved  by  Fabretti,  fays  Montfaucon,  from  the  authority  of  fe- 
**  veral  inferiptions,  to  fignify  fometimes  brother  and  fjier-in-law 
*'  in  antient  monuments.  This  alfo  aj^pears  farther  from  the  di- 
**  aledt  of  certain  provinces  in  France,  w^here  the  words  cuignat 
"  and  cuJgnade  are  at  this  day  ufed  for  brother  and  lifter  in  law*." 
To  which  I  may  add  that  cognato  and  cognata  in  the  modern 
Italian  fignify  the  fame.  And  this  affords  us  another  reafon, 
along  with  that  given  in  the  infcription  fo  exprefly  {ob  meritis) 
for  Steptus's  admitting  Ifochryfus  to  a  fliare  in  his  vault, 

*  Mojitf.  tom.v.  p,  68. 


N  XIV. 


JO  MR.    JOHNSONTG    DR.    STUKELEY. 

XIV. 
Letter  from  Maurice  Johnson,  Jan.  to  Dr.  Stukeley. 

Dear  Doctor,  oa.bt\t''7.9. 

It  is  fo  long  fince  I  enjoyed  your  good  company,  and  you  are 
fo  mvich  in  my  thoughts,  that  I  prefume  you  will  excufe  an  old 
friend's  enquiring  this  way  of  your  ft  ate  of  health,  and  progrefs 
in  the  pra6tice  of  your  profeffion ;  for,  believe  me.  Sir,  you  have 
friends  no  where  more  earneftly  wifliing  you  felicity  and  fuccefs 
than  in  your  ow  n  country,  to  which  you  muft  give  me  leave  to 
fay,  you  are  an  ornament:  and  amongft  your  countrymen  let  me 
beg  you  will  be  affured  no  one  can  be  rejoiced  more  in  your 
profperity  than  I  do.  But  your  gains  are  our  lofs,  that  your 
affiftance  when  we  want  health,  and  yoar  good  company  for  its 
prefervation,  are  too  remote  ;  this  epidemic  diftemper  has 
rambled  and  raged  Co  throughout  our  parts  of  England  from 
Borough  Bridge  to  your  metropolis.  'Tis  true  indeed  from  all 
we  can  hear,  that  the  malady  has  not  been  attended  with  fuch 
fatal  confequences  in  our  Fenny  Trails  as  in  wdiat  we  vulgarly 
call  the  High  Countries.  Perhaps,  Do<ftor,  your  Epidaurean 
Serpent,  fprung  from  the  (limy  mud  of  fuch  a  level,  protects  us  as 
a  good  genius;  however,  the  like  of  this  illnefs  has  not  ever 
been  known  here,  and  as  it  is  from  an  infeded  air,  the  curious 
^enquirers  of  your  humble  cell  at  Spalding  would  hold  themfelves 
much  obliged  by  an  hiftorical  account  from  you  of  any  fuch  uni- 
verfal  contagious  fever  in  England  before  this  time,  which  we 
doubt  not  but  the  hiftory  of  phyfic  and  dil^empers  may  have 
furnillied  you  with,  for  other  phyficians  tell  us  not  of  one  inftance 
of  a  general  yet  not  fatal  fever  in  fo  large  a  tra6t  of  country.  With 
God's  bleiling,  and  the  care  and  learning  of  your  good  friend  and  mine 

Dr. 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    DR.    STUKELEY.  5>i 

Dr.  Nutton,whofe  judgment  I  believe  very  found,  and  who  particu- 
larly defires  me  to  remember  him  to  you,  I  fee  my  only  fon  fprightly 
and  ad:ive  again,  who  was  the  moil  feverely  handled  of  all  our 
numerous  family,  out  of  which,  being   21    in  number,  all,  fave 
ray  fpoufe  and  brother,  who  are  very  much  yours.     He  was,  Sir, 
feized  with  it  as  other  people,   but  the  fever  grew  fo  fierce  by 
degrees,  and  lafted  fo  long,  as  to  throw  him  into  the  moft  violent 
convulfions  I  ever  did  fee,  which  when  the  Docftor  had  carried  off, 
the  poor  rogue   feemed   lifelefs,    and   without  the   leaft  motion, 
having,  as  his  fond  relations  perhaps  alone  thought,  not  fo  much 
as  the  power  to  breathe  left.      It  has  twice  handled  me  feverely, 
one  fit  of  a  fever  for  two  days  and  a  night  without  remiffion,  and 
a  fecond  for  34  hours ;  but  I  thank  God,  I  am  well  again  ;   and  it 
did  interfere  with  my  bufinefs,  which  I  find  will  increafe  upon  a 
young  man  if  he  perfeveres,  and  I  truft  we  may  both  live  to  do 
more  than  bear  the  charges  of  liberal  educations.     I  fliould  be 
glad  to  hear  you  had  taken  to  you  a  female  to  your  mind,  for 
the  continuance  of  your  family,  and  queftion  not  but  your  fuc- 
ceflbrs  will  have  reafon  to  efteem  you  as  much  as  any  of  your 
progenitors,  though  fome  of  them  (as  I  have  remarked  according 
to  your  commands)  good  and  great  men,  of  confiderable  intereft 
and  abilities  in  their  country.    I  fliall  ever  be  moft  ready  to  ferve 
you  in  any  thing,  and  the  inftance  I  give  you  in  this  particular, 
by  the  little  extrafts   from  divers  authors,  only  ferves  to  evince 
by  my  diligence,  my  perpetually  bearing  you  in  mind  when  any 
thing  occurs,  that  i^.,  what  you  defire  to  preferve.    Thefe,  as  I  be- 
Keve  them  properly  and  peculiarly  to  relate  to  you,  will  I  hope  be 
acceptable  to  yourfelf ;  and  I  wifh  1  could  any  way  contribute  to 
the  entertainment  of  my  good  friends  at  the  Mitre,  whofe  healths 
we  drink  every  Wednefday  night  duly.     It  is  not  the  affectation 
of  being  other  wife  fully   employed,   which  prevents   my    en- 

N   2  deavouring 


92 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    DR.    STUKELEY. 

deavouring  it;  but  the  little  abilities  I  have  for  communicating 
any  thing  not  before  obferved  by  and  well  known  to  moft  of  you, 
and  the  few  opportunities  1  have  of  feeing  here  any  thing  but 
wliat  is  in  print  and  within  every  man's  purchafe,  deter  my  at- 
tempting it,  left  I  lliould  only  prove  my  ignorance,  by  making  a 
common  objed",  and  what  lb  w"ell-read  men  meet  with  every  day, 
a  matter  of  wonder;  but  as  a  friend  who  will  look  with  the  fa- 
vourableft  eyes  on  my  performance,  I  dare  venture  to  tell  you 
thoughts  which  I  dare  not  fpeak  out  in  company  even  the  moft 
candid.  All  our  friends  here  are  pretty  well;  your  godfather 
and  Jofliua,  who  is  yet  unmarried,  prefent  their  fervices  to  you. 
I  don't  need  to  tell  you  I  wifli  I  had  been  at  home  when  you  was 
in  the  country,  that  I  might  have  had  the  fatisfa6tion  of  endea- 
vouring to  araufe  you  agreeably  a  while,  w  hich  I  almoft  defpair 
of  doing  by  any  thing  I  can  communicate  from  hence  concerning 
the  learned  world.  Hovv^ever,  what  I  am  told  I  will  tell  you,  and 
though  it  be  no  more  than  what  you  knew  before,  yet  I  fhall 
only  then  do  as  they  who  greet  us  with  its  being  a  very  fickly 
time,  cold  weather,  8cc. — The  Univerfity  of  Cambridge  is  upon 
ereding  a  theatre,  and  have  for  that  purpofe  lately  turned  feveral 
tenants  out  of  houfes  which  they  fome  time  lince  purchafed,  to 
build  it  upon  the  ground  where  they  ftand,  and  refclve,  as  1  am 
told,  to  chufe  the  fame  vice-chancellor  again,  and  he  to  accept 
it,  and  to  cite  Dr.  Bentley  as  mafter  of  Trinity,  to  {hew  reafons 
why  he  will  not  confent  that  an  inftrument  they  call  the  Program- 
ma  fliould  not  be  fixed  upon  the  public  fchools,  and  other  fuch 
places.     Our  friend  Sparke-of  Peterborough  has  lately  put  into 

*  Jofeph  SpaiTie,  regifler  of  Peterborough  cathedral,  publiflied  in  folio,  1738,  a  good  edition  of 
fome  of  our  monkifli  hiflorians,  viz.  "  Chronicon  Johannis  abbatis  de  Burgo,"  and  Hugh  White's 
Hiftory  of  Peterborough,  both  from  the  Cotton  Library ;  Robert  Svvapham's  hiflory  of  this  church 
from  a  MS.  in  its  library;  another  by  Walter  Whittlefey,  a  rhvming  French  Chronicle"  from 
the  Cotton  Library,  and  Stephanides' life  of  Thomas  Becket,  from  a  MS.  in  this  library  collated 
with  one  in  his  own.    He  intended  a  fecond  volume,  to  cotain  Whittlefey's  life  of  Hereward  abbot 

good 


RI  R.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N    TO    DR.     S  T  U  K  E  L  E  Y.  yj 

good  order  and  a  new  method  the  carl*  of  Cardigan's  hbrary  at 
Dean  in  Northamptonfliire,  in  a  noble  hirge  room  which  that  lord 
has  alTigned  for  that  purpofe,  and  fitted  up  accordingly.  Mr. 
Young,  now  LL.D.  who  wrote  the  poem  on  the  Laft  Day  and 
Bufuis,  is  taken  into  the  earl  of  Exeter's  family  as  tutor  to  his 
Lordlliip's  eldelt  ion  Lord  Burleigh  t,  and  is  going  to  travel  with 
him.  Your  townfwoman  and  my  pretty  neighbour  Sally  Hibbins 
has  written  a  very  diverting  comedy  fince  flic  has  been  in, 
Shropthire.  I  muit  not  forget  to  let  you  know  how  our  little  So- 
ciety goes  on,  which  is  very  well.  We  meet  conftantly,  but  arc 
likely  to  lofe  one  of  our  members,  Mr.  Atkinlbn.  who  through  a 
complication  of  dillempers  is  brought  fo  low  that  I  fear  we  fliall 
lofe  him  very  foon.  Your  own  parilli  Holbeach  affords  one 
remarkable  article  in  the  parochial  charge,  where  the  lail  year 
the  churchwardens  paid  4I.  6s.  for  the  defh'udtion  of  the  urchins 
or  hedgehogs,  at  but  one  fmgle  penny  a  piece,  and  the  prefent 
officers  have  paid  above  30I.  on  the  fame  account  already:  the 
vafl  flocks  of  cattle  in  this  noble  parifli  and  fome  coney  burroughs,, 
have  drawn  thofe  creatures  from  all  parts  hither,  as  one  would 
think]:.  You  know  that  ingenious  old  gentleman  your  townfman 
Mr.  Rands  is  dead  there,  the  remaining  part  of  whole  collecftion 
of  prints  devolve  upon  me  by  purchafe,  and  I  wifli  he  had  not 
fo  far  indulged  the  ignorant  as  to  have,  let  them  cull  out  fome  of 

of  Peterborough,  and  had  aflually  engraved  the  arms  of  the  knights  whofe  fiefs  u-cre  inllituted 
y  abbot  Thorold  ;  but  died  1740.  His  dedication  of  the  firll  volume  to  Dr.  Mead  is  dated  from 
the  library  of  'phn  Bvidg€s,ft'i(\.  who  furnilhed  him  with  tranfcripts  of  the  Cottonian  MS.  and  died 
the  year  after  him.  The  Society  of  Antiquaries  engraved,  1720,  a  feal  of  Peterborough  minfter  in- 
Wv,  SpaAc's  pofleffion. 

*  George  BrudeneU,  who  died  1732,  and  whofe  fon  George  is  the  prefent  duke  of  Montague. 

•j-  It  does  not  appear  whether  Dr.  Young  aftaally  travelled  with  thisyo-jng  nobleman.  But  it  is  cer- 
tain that,  in  a  difpute  with  ths  dnke  of  Wharton's  creditors  in  the  court  of  Chancery,  Young  fwore 
that  "  he  quitted  the  Exeter  family,  and  re fu fed  an  annuity  of  lool.  which  had  been  offered  hircu 
"  for  life,  if  he  would  continue  tutor  to  lord  Burleigh,  upon  the  prelTing  folicitations  of  the  Duke 
"  of  Wharton,  and  his  Grace's  aflurances  of  providing  for  him  in  a  much  more  ample  manner." 
See  2  Atkins's  Reports,  p.  136.  Styles  verlus  The  Attorney  General,  March  18,  i  740, 

%  See  a  vindication  of  the  hedgehog,  Gent.  Mag.  vol,  XLIX.  p.  395. 

them. 


94  r.I  R    J  O  fl  N  S  O  N    T  O    D  R.     S  T  I'  K  E  L  E  Y. 

them.  I  dcfire  you  will  fend  me  word,  good  Mr.  Secretary*,  how 
the  impreffion  of  the  Regiftrum  Honoris  de  Richmond  goes  ont, 
and  to  fet  down  Edward  Horfeman  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Efquire,  for 
a  fubfcriber  for  one  copy,  and  let  Mr.  Treafurer  know  I  am  much 
his  humble  fervant,  and  will  anfwer  the  fubfcription  for  that 
gentleman  to  him  when  next  I  have  the  pleafure  to  fee  you  all. 
I  have  not  yet  been  able  to  gain  any  thing  worthy  the  prefs  re- 
lating to  that  book,  which  I  yet  hope  to  do,  and  will  endeavour; 
the  whole  and  large  Soke  of  Kirkton,  in  our  fens,  being  parcel 
of  that  Honour,  and  now  the  polTeffion  of  the  Earl  of  Exeter, 
Lord  thereof,  and  my  father  Stew^ard  of  the  Courts  of  that  Soke. 
1  have  not  yet  procured  what  I  wrote  for,  a  MS.  of  that  Earl's,  re- 
lating, as  I  hope  to  find,  to  that  diftri6t  or  jurifdidtion;  but  more 
of  this  hereafter.  I  beg  of  you,  when  next  you  fee  Mr.  Norroy, 
our  learned  Prefident,  to  prefent  my  moft  humble  fervice  to  him, 
and  defire  him  to  tell  you  the  meaning  of  thefe  words  not  un- 
frcquent  in  Domefday,  title  Lincolnfliire,  T'aUla.,  &;  Berezv,  which 
laft  is  by  Ingulphus  rendered  Manerium,  but  delire  him  to 
tell  you  what  fort  of  manor  he  takes  it  to  be,  and,  if  I  fliall 
not  be  too  troublefome  to  him,  I  would  beg  of  him  to  tell  me 
whofe  coat  of  arms  is,  Az.  on  a  chief  Argent,  3  (I  don't 
know  what  they  are  except  Buckles)  Az.']:  and  this  bearing- 
enquire  about  alfo  ;  Jacob's  ftaff  Or  between  a  Chevron  Or. 
charged  with  5  Mullets  Az.  and  for  the  Crell  to  this  coat, 
an  horfe's  head,  erafed  Gules,  bridled  Az.  or  rather  a  blue 
ribband  tied  round  his  neckjl.  My  humble  fervice  alfo  to 
Mr.    Hare    and  to    Mr.  Holmes,    and    tell    him  1  beg  of  him 

*  To  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  from  its  revival  in  1717-18,  till  he  retired  into  the  conntryi 
17:5. 

f  SceBrit.  Topog.II.  444.0. 

I  1'korovugood. 

jl  Ev'ingion  of  liafted  and    Spalding,    Lincolnfh,  C.  23.  f.  12.  b.      A  patent    by    Camden,- 

to 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    B  O  W  Y  E  R. 

to  let  me  have  copies  of  the  inquifition,  and  alfo  of  the  claim  at 
the  coronation  of  king  Richard  the  Second,  made  out  for  me 
againft  I  come  to  town,  where  I  long  to  be  for  the  fake  of  con- 
verflng  with  you,  Sir,  and  the  good  company  at  the  Pvlitrc. 
I  hope  Mr.  Hill  goes  on  with  his  Hereford*;  but  he  either  has  not 
finiflied  the  pocmt  he  read  part  of  to  us,  or  forgot  his  prom.ife  of 
fending  me  a  copy  of  it.  Pray  how  does  Mr,  Baxter's  Grammar 
go  on?  If  you  have  any  where  met  with  any  thing  relating  to 
my  anceftors  in  your  turning  over  your  old  books  or  papers,  I 
beg  you  in  return  to  fend  it  me  with  an  anfwer  to  my  queries,  &c. 
in  your  own  good  time;  and  am,  widiing  you  very  much  joy  of 
all  your  honours  and  long  health,  dear  Sir,  your  fincere  ready 
friend,  and  humble  fervant,  Maurice  Johnson,  jun. 

P.  S.  I  had  almoft  forgotten  another  coat  of  arms  which  I  beg- 
you  to  afk  of  Mr.  Le  Neve  or  Mr.  Hare,  as  of  the  others,  whofe 
name  it  belongs  to.  Gules,  3  Unifier  wings  Or,  between  a  fcile 
Argent,  in  the  middle  of  which  is  a  Lion  Or,  in  a  round  f[)ot 
Gules ;  two  Wings  above  the  fefle  and  one  below  it.  I  believe  I 
fliould  fay  a  feife  charged  with  fuch  a  thing,  but  he  will  pardon 
my  want  of  proper  terms,  and  teach  me  better  from  your  anfwer  |,  . 

*  Mr.  James  Hill,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  piiblillied  propofals  for  a  Hiftory  of  the  city  of  Here- 
ford, 1717,  in  two  parts,  and  one  volume,  the  plan  of  which  may  be  feen  in  Rawlinfon's  Engli(h  To- 
pographer,  p.  71.  It  was  to  have  been  followed  by  another  volume,  treating  of  the  county.  His 
death  1727  probably  rendered  the  defign  abortive.  He  (liewed  the  Antiquary  Society,  1718,  a  vaft 
colleftion  of  drawings,  views,  inlcriptions,  places,  and  obfervations  in  MS.  the  fruits  of  his  travels 
in  the  Weft  of  England  that  fummer,  well  worthy  of  his  judgment  and  fkill  in  antiquity,  for  his 
diligence  and  accuracy  in  which  he  had  their  deferved  thanks.  (Minutes  by  Dr.  Stukeley.)  His 
collections,  which  were  made  by  him  before  17 15,  were  in  the  hands  of  Rlr.  R.  Gale  1729.  See  a 
particular  account  of  them,  Brit,  Topog.  vol.  I.  p.  418*, 

f  Mr.  Ifaac  Taylor  of  Rofs  has  a  beautiful  foliloquy  by  Mr.  Hill,  on  hearing  a  parent  corredl:  bis 
child  with  curfes.    Erit.  Topog.  ubi  lupra. 

I  Other  coats  drawn  in  this  letter,  and  explained  by  Le  Neve,  are  Quarterly  O,  S;G.  a  border 
vaire,  nebule,  or  wavy.  Richurd  i'it-z.  Joim,  (Vincent,  N°  164.  376.  fol.  115.  a.)  Sa,  1  barrs  Arg.  ia 
chief  3  plates.  Adam  Fitz  John,  (Vincent,  N"  155.  fol.  13.  a.)  Ermine  on  3  chevron,  Az.  3  bczunts.' 
Johnjan  of  Bajlon,  (Vincent,  N^  183.  fol.  92. b.) 

7  X\\ 


9S 


96  M  R.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N    T  O    M  R.    B  O  W  Y  E  R. 

XV. 
Letter  from  Maurice  Johnson  Efq.  to  Mr.  W.  Bowyer. 

Dear  Sir,  Spalding,  ult.  Jun.  1744. 

THE  copy  of  Dr.  Wotton's  Welfli  Laws  of  Howel  Dha,  your 
donation  to  the  public  library  of  our  Society,  I  lately  received,  and 
carried  in  to  thofe  Gentlemen  at  their  naeeting,  who  are  much 
obliged  to  you  for  that  ufeful  and  valuable  prefent.  Our  friend 
the  Reverend  Mr.  Prebend  William  Clarke  might  have  much 
enlarged  his  preface,  and,  I  conceive,  not  improperly,  if  as  an  in- 
troduction to  thofe  he  had  prefixed  what  I  promifed  the  Do6lor* 
in  London,  and  fent  Mr.  Clarke  notice  I  had  made  my  clerk 
tranfcribe,  from  my  common-place  book,  a  colle6tion  in  Latin, 
from  Cysfar,  Tacitus,  Dio,  XiphiHn,  &c.  fupplied  from  fragments 
picked  up  by  Scaliger,  Camden,  Selden,  Hales,  &;c.  of  all  the 
^'  Leges  &Conciones  Britannorum&Saxonorum  tranfmarinorum," 
and  have  his  thanks  for,  in  a  letter  dated  from  Buxted,  Jan.  16, 
1 7 1 3  ;  and  were  accordingly  by  me  I  find  carried  up  to  Lon- 
don for  him,  but  judged  too  ancient  for  his  purpofe.  I  was 
however  a  fubfcriber,  had  the  book  when  publiHied,  and  ftill 
have  it  in  Chart.  Mag.  and  elleem  it  much.  Some  time  after  the 
receipt  of  yours,  I  fent  our  friend  Mr.  R.  Gale  the  account  you 
fent  me  in  it  of  the  coin  of  Caligula  found  at  Chichefier,  which 
you  had  from  our  faid  friend  the  learned  Prebendary  ;  and  he, 
in  anfwer,  fays,  it  is  a  confirmation  of  the  antiquities  of  that 
city,  and  of  the  infcription  there  found  in  April,  1723,  of  King 
Cogidubnus,  whereon  his  DifTertations  are  publifhed  in  the  Philo- 
ibphical  Tranfadionst,  and  Dr.  Stukeley's  Itin.  Curiof.|  and  the  in- 
fcription itfelf  by    Mr.   Clarke    in    his    preface    to    tlie   Wellh 

*  Dr.  William  Wotton.  f  ^°-  379'  X  I-  iSS. 

Laws. 


M  R.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N    T  O    M  R.    B  O  W  Y  E  R.  97 

Laws.  I  want  a  coin  of  that  emperor  with  his  head  on  it  in  large 
brafs  in  my  colle6lion  ;   and  if  you  fee  our  friend,  and  he  has 
not  difpofed   of  it,  fliould  he,  with  my  fervice  to   him,  much 
obhged  to  him  for  it  towards  compleating  my  feries.      I  have 
too  much  other  bufmefs  to  hunt  after  coins  for  that  purpofe  ; 
but  when  a  ftudent,  having  feveral  good  parcels  from  relations 
and  friends,  have  an  ample  collection,  and  applied  them  to  the 
ufe  of  exhibiting  them  chronologically  at  our   Society's  meetings 
to  the  company,  with  fome  little  difcourfe  on  them  from  Calli- 
velaun  and  his  contemporary  Julius  Caefar,  in  the  way  of  Britifli 
hiftory,  bringing  in  the  Romans  only  as    they  fill  up  fpace  of 
time ;  and  more  fully  when,  like  Julius,  Claudius,  Nero,  Veipafian, 
Hadrian,  Antoninus,  Severus,  Caracalla,  Geta,8cc.they  had  perfon- 
ally  or  by  great  pr3efe(51:s  very  confiderable  dealings  here.     Thefe 
have  well  helped  on  a  pinch  to  fupj^ort   and  enliven  our  chat ; 
and  laft   month   I  got  to  about  anno  Domini  253,  where    the 
Upper  Empire  ends,   and  which  is  good  work ;    and  Ihall  next 
on  like  occafion,  when  the  company  of  correfpondents  at   any 
time  fails  to  furnilli,   begin    with  thofe   of  the  Lower  Empire, 
fcil.    Valerian    and  his  fon  Gallienus,  in  whofe   unhappy  reign 
the    empire    was     diftrafted,     and    XXX  Tyrants     ufurped    in 
one   or   other  of  its  provinces ;    from  fome  of  which  there  is 
now   and    then   fomething  to   be   learned.      Indeed  there    is  a 
middle  fta-te,    both  as  to  government  and  workmanfliip,    reck- 
oned from  the  end  of  the  Antonines  to  Valerian.     There  was  no 
triumphal  appellation  the  Roman  emperors  were  more  fond  (and 
fome  vainly  proud)   of  than  britannicus.      But  1  think  none 
of  them  but  Claudius,  Hadrian,   Antoninus  Pius,  and  Severus, 
could  be  juftly  faid  to  affume  it;     though  perhaps  Albinus  and 
Geta,   with  Caraufius,  and  fome  few  of  the  Gonrtantine  family 
after  him,  might  merit  it.      On  coins  of  Geta,  neither  Spanheim, 
Paterol,  Occo,  nor  any  other  medalift,  rightly  accounts  for  both 

O  L.   SEPT. 


98  M  R.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N    T  O    M  R.    B  O  W  Y  E  R. 

L.  sr.PT.  and  p.  sept,  being  prefixed  to  Geta,  which  they 
make  the  fame  man,  fon  of  Severus.  On  coins  with  the  former 
infcription  he  has  a  beard;  thefe  with  the  other  reprefent  him 
as  a  youth. 

My  Brother  Secretary  -  is  gone  to  York,  and  thence  to  go  beyond ; 
•  and  1  to  Durham,  to  vifit  a  worthy  antient  member,  and  one  of 
our  firlf  founders  in  17  lo,  who  is  his  uncle  t,  and  reilor  of  Red- 
Marfliall,  in  the  diocefe  of,  and  not  far  from,  Durham  ;  when  I 
prefume  he  will  bring  us  fomething  curious  for  us  in  draught 
(for  he  draws  neatly),  or  in  writing.  We  charged  him  to  en- 
quire for  and  vifit  the  Society  at  Doncafter,  through  which  he 
may  in  his  ready  road  both  pafs  and  repafs  ;  and  if  he  can't  in 
either  hit  the  day  of  their  Company's  meeting,  at  leaft  to  vifit 
the  Prefident  or  Secretary,  and  fettle  a  correfpondence  by  invit- 
ing them  to  become  members  of  our,  and  accepting  fome  of 
us  into  their,  fraternity.  The  Secretary  of  the  Gentlemens* 
Society  at  Peterborough,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Timothy  Neve,  being  our 
Treafurer  and  their  Founder,  when,  as  council  to  that  dean  and 
chapter,  I  lately  prefented  my  duty  there,  carried  into  their  li- 
brary two  valuable  MS.  Chartularies  on  velum  in  8vo.  one 
written  by  Frcre  Pitchley,  and  therein  a  note  at  the  end  by 
Dr.  White,  fometime  Lord  Bifliop  of  Peterborough,  concerning^ 
his  recovering  it,  and  intending  to  reftore  it ;  the  other  by 
Frere  Achurch,  and  therein  a  note  at  the  beginning  by  Mr. 
Jo.  Sparke,  late  regifter  of  that  chapter,  of  the  author's  age  and 
contents  ;  and  another  of  Dr.  White  Kennet,  late  alfo  Lord  Bilhop 
there,  but  when  dean  of  that  chapter,  of  hk  having  recovered 
it  by  means  of  the  late  Rev.  Mr.  Francis  Peck,  and  intending 
to  reftore  it,  which  this  worthy  gentleman  has  very  generoufly 
done  by  both.    In  one  is  an  original  Saxon  charter  in  large  cha- 

*  Q.  Dr.  Green.  Stukeley's  Carauf.  I.  265. 

■\  Mr.  John  Rand,  who  was  re(5lor  of  Red  Maiihnll,  1705, 

racfters, 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    BOWYER. 

raders,  Normanno-Saxon,  of  the  grant  by  king  Edward  the 
Confeflbr,  and  his  queen  ^^ifa,  of  Fifkerton,  to  the  church  of 
St.  Peter,  which  in  part  they  ftill  enjoy,  and  fliews  the  verfe  on 
her  ought  to  be  read,  not  Edith  am,  but 

SICUT  SPINA  ROSAM,  genuit  GODWINUS  EGITHAM  : 

This   grant  is   on    thick   velhim,   very   compleat,   with   the  at- 
teftation    of    many    witneffes     both     ecclefiallical    and   laymen, 
with    variety    of    crofTes,    which   have  been    gilt,    before  their 
names,    and  two    before    the    faid  queen's ;     all  which   are    of 
the   fame  hand  with,    and    written    by    the  fcribe  who    wrote 
the   grant    and   confirmation  ;     it  is    fewed   in    at  the    top     to 
the  other   leaves  of   the    Chartulary  in   a  place  where  Fifker- 
ton is  mentioned,    as  in  Mon.   Angl.  I.  fol,    68.    30.   and  Hugo 
Candidus  in  Hift.  Petrib.  ed.  Sparke,  fol.  25.  and  42.  Walt.  Why- 
tlefeye,  ib.  p.  208  in  Extenta  Maneriorum,  &c.  to  p.  211.      But 
I  find  not  the  whole  any  where  printed.     It  lliould  feem  from 
fol.  42,  fupra  laudat.  that  a  pious  lady,   Leviva  of  London,  had 
bellowed   it  on  that  houfe,   and   the   crown   feized  it  on  fome 
pretext,    and   this    queen  redeemed   it   for   xx  marks   of   gold, 
which  flie   dedit  Regi  pro  villa  Fijkertune  pro  Deo  &'  S'co  Petro^ 
c,     I  am  Sir,  with  all  our  fervices. 

Your  moft  obedient  humble  fervant, 

Maurice  Johnson. 


5* 


O  2  XVI 


ICO  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    DR.    STUKELEY. 

XVI. 

Letter  from  Maurice  Johnson,  Efq.  to  Dr.  Stukeley. 

Dir  AR      "^IR  .  Spalding, 

UEAR     SIK,  June  21,  1750. 

Give  me  leave  to  lliew  you  how  good  a  tafle  fome  folks  had 
here  fo  early  as  in  king  Henry  the  Third's  time,  about  T230, 
in  the  priorate  of  Simon  Haughton,  furnamed  the  Munificent,  and 
firft  perpetual  prior  of  this  our  priory  of  Spalding,  which  liberal 
lord  I  believe  cauied  their  conventual  feal  to  be  made,  wh«reof  I 
here  fend  you  a  fketch  from  an  impreffion  of  both  the  lides,  as  per- 
fe(fl  as  it  remains  to  a  leafe  granted  by  a  fucceflbr  of  his  lordfhip's^ 
Richard  EUfyn  Palmer,  our  lalt  prior,  2"^  of  January,  29  H.  VIIL 
1538,  to  RaufF  White,  then  of  this  place,  yeoman,  in  my  pof- 
feffion,  which,  confidering  the  age,  is  not  bad  work :  the  N  in  Spald- 
ing corretTt  thus,  tl  for  N,  the  A  75".   [See  plate  IV.  fig.  i.] 

On  the  forefide  the  B.  V.  Mary,  who  here,  as  in  many  other 
places,  was  introdviced  to  be  tutelar  of  this  place  initead  of  Venus, 
whofe  name  it  originally  bore,  as  fome  fea-coaft  towns  in  Greece 
did  'A(f'PoSi(7£0i,  in  the  moft  amiable  attitude  of  a  mother  as  giving 
fuck  to  the  infant  Jefus.  I  prefume  the  entire  reading  on  this 
fide  might  be  S.  Piioris  ^  Capitiili  Beata  Maricz  Virginis,  and  thus 
continued  on  the  other  fide  or  counter  feal,  Et  Saji£ii  Nicbolai, 
Spalding,  where  St.  Nicholas,  the  bifhop  to  whom  the  abbey  of 
Aungere  was  dedicated,  (and  who  had  it  when  this  cell  was  taken 
from  that  of  St.  Guthlake  at  Croyland,  and  fubjedted  thereto  by 
Ivo  Tailbois,  earl  of  Anjou,  nephew  of  William  I.)  is  reprefented 
in  pontijicalibus  and  pof\ure  of  benediiStion,  being  joined  with  th© 
B.  V.  as  co-tutelar  Saint,  a  pradlice  formerly  not  unfrequent 
in  the  Romifli  church,  abounding  much  in  faints  and  holidays. 
This  deed  concludes  thus,  "  In  witnefs,  &c.  the  faid  Prior  and 
Convent  put  to  their  common  feal  in  their  Chapter houfe  at  Spald- 
ing, 


Fit';.-/'-""' 


¥ig.4-/'-"3- 


Tiil'.ll'.p  wp 
Fig.5y'^v  Y\%A.pn6. 


.  IMPPDD 
iTvobV^ 

AVCC 


fefcte^-^ 


Fig.g.^^zv. 


^hry  de  Jiothnne/d 
Kg",  x^pi-i^. 

nJh. /ifSuii/i  irJ"''         Bin. 


FitcIfuffAflj,v. 


Fig- 14 /'.'y^- 


. 

' 

•^^ 

E  l-L  /  A/  VJ" 

becosp/io 
Vino  e 

e/ii. 

SvpiKiOR 

vsiu  r*i 

■ 

/fail,/ 


3 


^— ^^     Fig.^9./'^^V^- —      \ 


Fig.2o./'.7S4- 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    DR.     STUKELEY.  ioi 

/>/,    to  one   part,   and  the  faid'  LefTee  his  feal  to  the  other  part. 
It  is  marked  on  the  turning  up  thro'  which  the  label  that  the  fcal 

is  appended  to  is  drawn  in  the  middle,  Thomas  Cecil  of 

and  Anthony  Lyme.      Thofe  were,  I  fuppofe,  the  then  officcis 
of  the  King's  Court  of  Augmentation  of  his  Revenues  from   tiic 
diflblved  houfes  of  fupcrftition  ariling,  who  were  to  infpedt  and 
regifter  all  demifes  made  by  the  religious,  that  his  majelly  miglit 
know  what  lands  were  let  out  upon  leafe,   where  they  lay,    to 
whom  demifed,  for  what  term  of  years,  under  what  referved  rents 
payable  when,  and  other  covenants  before  this,  and  another  con- 
ventual leafe,  the  feal  whereof  is  appendant  but  lels  perfetft.      I 
had  with  our  old  friend  Saunderfon*  fome  years  fince  fearched  the 
Augmentation-office,  Weftminiler,  to  procure  light  of  and  draw 
out  this  feal,  but  found  there  only  a  very  fmall  part  of  but  one 
left:    it  is,  therefore,  I  afllire  you,  the  more  valuable,  and  Ibems 
extraordinary  that  in  fo  fhort  a  fpace  as  212  years,  of  the  many 
hundred  a6ls  that  mull:  have  paffed  under  this  public  feal,  as  leaies, 
grants   of  offices,  and    corrodies,   and   augmentations   of  them, 
prefentations   to  benefices,     manumiffions   of    villans, .  licences 
to  niefs  to  marry,  difpenfations   of    various  kinds,  petitions    to 
kings   and  parliaments,    appeals  to  popes,   inflruments  of  affo- 
ciating  into  the  fraternitie  to  lay-lords,  ladies,   and   other  liberal 
and  pious  benefa<5lors,  no  more  than  this  fliould  have  occurred 
to  my  diligent  and   inquifitive  fearch  of  300  years  tranfacSlions. 
In  many  adts  the  lord  prior's  own  feal  was  fufficient ;  of  fuch  I 
have  never  fo  much  as  met  with  one  of  any  of  our  lord   prior's, 
or  any  impreffion  of  one.     Such  as  1  have  you  fee  and  are  welcome 
to. 

The  errors  of  my  amanuenfis  I  have  corrected.  As  to  the 
forms  of  the  letters,  which  are  thofe  of  the  firft  Norman  times, 
Romano-Saxon,   a  fort  of  mixed   charaders   of  the  Roman  and 

*  Ufher  of  the  court  of  Chancery,  clerk  of  the  Rolls;  died  1741.     See  more  of  him  in  the 
"  Anecdotes  of  Mr.  Bowyer,"  p  74. 

4  Saxon, 


102  M  R.    JOHNSON     TO     D  R.     S  T  U  K  E  L  E  Y. 

Saxon,  as  in  Domefday  capitals  and  other  MSS-  we  meet  with  them 
thus;  the  P,  B,  and  T,  here  are  Roman,  the  reft  Saxon  :  as  in  a 
Latincopy  of  St.  Paul's  Epiftle  I  have,  written  as  in  Edward  the  Con- 
fcilbr'stime  on  vellum,  with  thepleaof  Pinnendun  between  the  earl 
of  Kent  and  the  archbiihop  of  Canterbury  and  the  bhliop  of  Rochef- 
ter,  with  the  confirmation  of  the  fentence  of  the  bifliop  of  Cou- 
tance  and  the  whole  county-court  of  Kent  by  William  I.  and  Henry  I. 
therein  written,  wiiereof  fee  Eadmerus,  and  Camden,  Spelman, 
and  Selden's  Commentary.  This  is  a  very  eminent  and  moll:  valu- 
able record,  and  formerly  belonged  to  Chrift  Church,  Canterbury. 
You  have  much  obliged  me,  my  good  friend,  with  your  Hiftory 
of  the  hiftitution  of  the  Egyptian  Society*,  London,  for  which  ac- 
cept mine  with  the  Society's  thanks.  What  pity  it  is  it  fliould  have 
been  difcontinued,  from  whence  we  might  have  hoped  fuch  rare 
erudition  as  yourexpolltion  of  the  Siftrum,  which  I  approve  asjuft, 
but  could  never  have  conceived  the  true  meaning  and  ufe  of. 
Whilft  vagrant  gypfies  pefter  all  countries  in  plenty,  I  am  forry  the 
capital  of  the  kingdom  fliould  not  be  able  to  keep  up  a  meeting 
of  fuch  noble  and  learned  travellers,  which  might  have  been  of 
benefit  to  thole  who  have  not  means  or  opportunities,  as  the 
antient  Greek  philofopher,   of  going  to  and  fetching  knowledge 

*  "  Dec,  II,  1741,  an  Egj'ptian  Society  was  begun,  under  the  Prefidentfliip  of  Lord  Sandwich. 
Thcpiirpofeof  it  was  to  inquire  into  Egyptian  Antiquities ;  Lord  Sandwich  was  met  by  Dr.  Po- 
cocke.  Dr.  Peny,Capt.  Norden  the  Danifii  gentleman,  all  having  been  in  Egypt:  they  nominated 
Mr.  Martin  Folkes,  Mr.  Charles  Stanhope,  Dr.  Stukeley,  Dr.  Milles,  Mr.  Dampier',  Mr.  Mitch- 
ell'' affociates,and\vith  them  founders  of  the  Society.  The  Dukes  of  Montagu  and  Richmond, Lord 
Stanhope,  Mr.  Dayrolles-,  and  forae  others,  were  nominated  candidates.  A  Siftrum  was  laid  before 
thePrefidentas  the/;y%-wot  his  office.  Atoneofthefe  meetings,  Jan.  22, 1742,  the  Duke  of  Monta- 
gu was  pleafed  to  a(k  me  the  purport  of  that  fo  celebrated  inftrument.  I  fpoke  of  it  to  the  fatisfac- 
tion  of  thole  prefent,  but  particularly  of  the  Duke,  and  he  rcqueftcd  mc  afterwards  togive  it  him  in 
wilting."  Stukeley's  Hiilory  of  Caraufius,  Ded.  p.  vi.  vii.  where  fee  the  Doftor's  Illuftration  of 
the  Siftrum,  p.vii—xviii.  which  he  explains  to  be  the  indrament  wherewith  Abraham  dreve  th<  bird 
J)  oni  his  /acrijiu-.  Gen .  xv.  1 1 .  and  thence  applied  by  the  Egyptians  as  a  facrifical  inftrument. 

^  Q.._the  late  mafter  of  Eton  fchool. 

^  Q^thc  late  refulent  at  Berlin. 

f  Solomon  D»yrolles,  Ef^.  the  friend  and  correfpondent  of  Lord  Chcfterfield. 

thence ; 


MR.    JOHNSON     TO     DR.     STUKELEY. 

thence;   a  more  rational  caufe  of  taking  fiich  a  voyage  than   any 
pilgrimage,  or  even  a  crufado.    When  you  fee  here  what  good  iifc 
we  make  of  your  excellent  Memoirs  of  another  learned  Society,  I 
hope  and  trulf,  Sir,  you  will  indulge  us  farther  with  the.  remaiYis 
relating  to  that,  and  thofe  of  this  Egyptian  too.    1  have  an  Orus, 
or  Egyptian  god  of  plenty,  without  head  or  feet,   but  with  tlie 
ananas  and  abundant  other  fruits  in  his  lap,    a  dog  between    liis 
legs,   and  a   Banana  or  Mufa  leaf  fpread  behind  him  ;   being  of. 
Una  cotta  he  ferved  an  honeft   tar  as    a  tobacco -ftopper  from 
Alexandria  hither.      I  have  alfo   in   an  haematites  an  intaglia  oft 
Cakodoemon  Typhon,    wherewith   I   imprefs  the  wax  that  joins 
this  paper,  a  double-taii'd  Python-;   thefe  may  be  J  uifly  thought 
Genii  boni  Csf  mali  to  mankind;   the  terrible,  and  the  agreeable. 
The  horrid   face  and  flagellum  of  this  monfter  threaten  deftrnc- 
tion,  and  he  feems  compounded  of  many  mifchiefs. 

We  had  at  our  laft  meeting  the  refult  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Robert  Smith' 
of  Woodfton's  vifiting  lately  more  than  60  churches  in  and  about 
Lincoln,  many  correcflions  and  critical  hiftorico-heraldical  remarks 
relating  to  the  lifts,  arms,  feats,  and  families  of  thofe  higheft  peace- 
officers  the  high  flieriffs  of  this  county :   he  prom.ifes  me  a  vifit, 
and  purpofes  to  infpedl  thofe  of  Kefteven  and  our  Hollands.      I 
believe  and  truft,  for  the  credit  of  our  county,  that  his  lift  of  ours 
will  be  as  ample,  compleat,  ufeful,  and  entertaining  as  any,  and 
far  exceed  the  beft  of  the  Fafti  Confulares.      A  beautiful  plant  of 
a  Lichnoides  fore   rubente  in    full  blow,     with  another  of    the 
Citifies    vents    Virgilii  Jiore    luleo,   I  made  my  gardener  (as  fre- 
quently I  have  done)  carry  thither  in  their  pots  to  Ihew  the  com- 
pany. 1  wifli,  by  the  bye,  you  would  put  my  lord  (as  you  call  him) 
on  being  beneficent  to  our  Society.     You  or  I  fliould  long  ere  this 
have  defired  to  become  a  member  of  fo  good  an  inftitution,   and 

*  This  fcal  is  engrnveci  in  plate  IV.  fig,  2,. . 

flicwn 


104  M  R.    J  0  H  N  S  O  N    T  O    D  R.    S  T  U  K  E  L  E  Y. 

fliewn  our  good  will,  and  befriend  this  thing  fo  far  as  to  afk  him 
to  let  you  or  me  propole  his  becoming  a  member. 

I  am  lorry,  Sir,  you  are  Hke  to  take  fo  long  a  journey  JqIus^  bGt 
anuft  inlift  on  your  accepting  the  beft  accommodation  I  can  make 
you  here,  and  tliat  my  houfe  may  be  your  home  for  what  time 
you  can  fpare  me,  but  mult  allot  me  more  of  it  than  you  talk  of;  be 
lure  be  here  on  a  Thurfday,  to  favour  our  Society  with  your  com- 
pany; wefhould  meet  at  four,  and  may  ftay  till  ten;  but  our  r^^^- 
ings  znd  ^jew  begin  at  midway  about  eight  o'clock,  or  fomewhat 
fooner. 

I  have  indexed  all  our  minutes,  and  am  upon  our  DilTer- 
tations,  EfTays,  and  other  valuable  papers ;  having  alfo  index- 
ed all  the  MSS.  of  my  own  compofing  or  collecSting,  chiefly  of 
law  and  hiftory,  very  full  as  to  this  place,  much  about  Bofton, 
Stamford,  Hitchin,  Croyland,  Peterborough,  and  fome  other  towns 
and  places  where  my  bufinefs  has  lain,  as  counfel,  recorder,  or 
fteward  of  the  Soke  or  Manor;  who  am,  I  thank  God,  much 
better,  and,  with  all  my  family's  compliments  to  you  and  yours, 
dear  Sir,  your  afFe61:ionate  friend  and  obedient  fervant, 

Maurice  Johnson* 


XVII. 


MR.    PLACE    TO    MR.     R.    GALE.  J05 

■      XVII. 

Letter  from  the  Rev.  Mr.  Conyers  Place  (concerning  fcvernl  an- 
tiquities in  and  abont  Dorchefter)  to  Roger  Gale,  Efq. 

Dorcliefter, 
July   23,  1709. 

Our  town  of  Dorchefter  has  been,  I  am  fenfible,  heretofore  a 
place  of  note,  and  feveral  remains  do  yet  teftify  it.  There  is  at 
the  Weft  end  of  it  a  m  all  yet  ftanding,  of  an  odd,  and  feemingly 
awkward  building,  and  though  the  ftones  at  firft  appear  as  thrown 
together  almoft  by  chance,  yet  by  better  confidering  them  you 
will  find  them  methodical;  what  is  left  fhews  it  to  have  been  both 
high  and  thick,  and  every  way  ftrong, 

Without  its  wall,  the  town  has  ftill  left,  almoft  quite  round, 
double  fortifications  or  valla,  which  they  call  the  wall,  as,  accord- 
ing to  the  idiom  of  this  country,  they  call  all  running  banks  and 
ftecps  of  ground;  which  we  in  our  fields  about  Well  in  York- 
fliire  call  Reins. — There  is  on  the  North  fide  of  the  town  agroimd 
called  The  Caftle,  which  I  find  is  not  taken  notice  of  by  Camden ; 
filver  coins  have  been  feveral  times  found  there  in  digging  of 
gardens  pretty  deep  in  the  ground,  and  the  Opus  TeflTellatum,  or 
floors  made  up  of  little  fqiiares  like  dice.  Medals  are  alfo  found 
both  in  the  gardens  and  fields  adjacent;  the  moft  frequent  are 
thofe  of  the  Antonines,  Severus,  Gallienus,  Tetricus,  Probus,  and 
Dioclefian ;  Tetricus,  and  others  lefs  frequently ;  the  Conftantines 
are  the  ufualleft*. 

As  for  the  name  Durnovaria,  it  is  undoubtedly  from  the  fmall 
river  that  it  ftands  upon,  and  that  runs  under  it  North  fide,  whofe 
triic  name  is  not  Froom,  as  generally  called,  (which  feems  to  be  a 
general  name  for  water)  but  the  Vare,  which  I  gather  hence :  firft, 
the  place  where  it  rifes,  as  Camden  has  obferved,  is  called  Evar- 
fkott,  i.  e  Evarefliott,  about  three  miles  belov/,  which  place  is  a 
village  that  ftands  upon  it  named  Froom  Varet;   five  miles  lower 

*  See  Hutchins's  Ilift.  of  Dorlct,  I,  381. — 383.  -j-  lb,  371. 

P  than 


IGO 


M  R.    PLACE    TO    M  R.     R.     GALE. 

than  our  Durnovaria,  and  where  it  runs  into  the  fea  Vare  or  Ware- 
ham.  At  the  above  faid  Froom  Vare,  another  ftream  of  the  hke 
bignefs  joins  the  Fare,  fo  that  the  vihage  is  called  doubtfully  Dun 
Frome,  for  Danis  the  name  of  the  other  ftream,  or  Vare  Froom, 
which  makes  me  think,  that  Dorchefter's  name  was  not  Dunova- 
ria,  as  ftanding  upon  the  river  made  up  of  the  Dun  and  the  Vare, 
and  Camden  remarks  that  Ptolemy  called  it  Dunium  as  well  as 
Durnium. 

As  to  what  you  defire  in  relation  to  the  Ways,  though  Bvirton 
talks  of  Military  Ways  in  the  plural,    appearing  about  it,  yet  I 
know  of  but  one,  unlefs  we  reckon  the  fame  met   with   on    the 
other  end  of  the  town  going  forward,  to  be  another  way.      It  is  a 
raifed  caufeway  coming  diredlly  from  the  Weft;   when  you  are 
gone  from  Dorchefter  about  a  mile  from  it,  you  fee  to  the  South 
a  little  [way]  off" Maiden  Caftle,  mentioned  in  Camden,  the  moft 
intire  and  prodigious  work,  I  believe  in  England  of  that  kind,  and 
palling  for  a  Roman  ftationary  camp;   though,  I  ovv'n,  (comparing 
it  together  with  a  gentleman  of  the  Royal  Society,    that  came 
down  to  view  it)  feveral  objedlions  from  its  form  arofe  againft  its 
being  Roman:   according  to  the  account  of  thofe  camps  in  Sir 
Henry  Saville  upon  Tacitus,  if  fo  conftant,  as  is  fuppofed  to  that 
method  folely,  when  they  had  room  and  leifure*. 

It  is  furrounded  with  two  prodigious  ditches,  to  which  all  I 
everfaw  be  fide  are  trifles;  and  at  the  entrance,  their  number  is 
encreafed  by  feveral  others,  and  the  way  cunningly  blinded  by 
diverfions. 

About  the  like  diftance  to  the  North  of  the  way,  is  a  piece  of 
ground  called  Pomeroy  (Pomserium,  as  I  fuppofe)  which  has  in  it 
alfo  a  large  fquare,  inclofed  with  a  high  bank,  but  without  any 
ditch  within  or  without;  but  inftead  of  the  ditch  on  the  outfide, 
there  is  a  raifed  area  about  ten  yards  broad,  which  fliews  its  delign 
could  not  be  military  t. 

*  Hutchins  I.  467,  where  a  plan  of  it  is   engraved, 
■\  lb.  575,  wlicre  ice  a  plan  of  it. 

On 


MR.     PLACE    TO     I\I  R.     R.    GALE. 

On  the  South  fide,  about  a  furlong  from  Dorcheftcr,  is  a  place 
called  Maumbury,  being  about  an  acre  inclofed  with  a  high  bank, 
which  is  a  very  pretty  and  entire  amphitheatre*. 

The  way,  as  1  faid,  runs  dire6lly  weftward  ten  miles,  to  a  place 
called  Egerton-hilif ;  which  is  fuch  another  ftation  as  Maiden  caftle, 
only  not  quite  fo  confiderable:  I  wonder  that  it  is  not  mentioned 
in  Antoninus,  between  Durnovaria  and  Maridunum,  the  way 
running  to  it.  Its  name  fhews  it  a  Roman  Nation,  for  Egger  is 
undoubtedly  Agger,  and  the  antiquity  of  the  name  is  thought  to 
be  fo  great  in  this  country,  that  it  is  proverbial,  when  they  would 
exprefs  what  has  been  a  long  time,  to  fay,  "  It  is  as  old  as  Egger- 
ton." — There  are  alfo  feveral  works  of  the  like  kind  eailward, 
between  Dorchefter  and  Winbourn  the  next  ftation  in  the  Itine- 
rary, but  whether  upon  the  way  or  not  I  cannot  tell. 

Stretton  is  a  fmall  village  about  two  miles  from  Dorchefter,  and 
about  a  mile  North  of  the  military  way,  but  I  never  either  heard 
of  or  obferved  any  foot-fteps  of  a  Stratum  there  ;  belides  the  way 
over  againft  it  is  fo  vilible,  that  it  deifroys  the  fufpicion  of  its  hav- 
ing gone  through  it|:. 

There  is  a  place  a  mile  to  the  North  of  Stretton  called  Foffeton, 
but  neither  there  are  there  any  marks  or  probability  of  a  way.  ~ 

The  way  from  Dorchefter  weftward  is  called  the  Fofle-way, 
though  in  the  fpace  of  twenty  years  I  never  heard  it  called  by 
that  name,  and  I  enquired  of  feveral  aged  perfons  of  the  poorer 
fort,  who  likewife  knew  nothing  of  its  being  fo  called:  yet  one 
Mr.  Cooper,  a  perfon  of  years  (an  attorney)  who  has  had  occalioii 
to  acquaint  himfelf  with  the  country,  aflures  me,  that  it  is  both 
called  fo,  and  that  he  has  heard  it  called  fo  a  thoufand  times  || ;  fo 
I  enquired  no  farther,  for  you  may  depend  on  his  authority. 

From  Salifbury  to  Winbourn,  being  a  moft  open  country,  the 
way  is  all  notorious  and  very  vifible,  and  returning  laft  night  from 
the  borders  of  Dorfetftiire  on  that  fide,  (fmce  I  wrote  the  forego- 
ing part  of  this  letter)  I  informed  myfelf  as  follows  : 

*  Hutchins  I.  572,  where  it  is  engraved.  -j-  lb.  20S.  607.  where  is  a  plan  of  it. 

J  lb.  465.  II  Fordjhn  or  Foff'urdjhn  ia  Cliarmiafter.  lb.  455. 

P  2  Firft:, 


107 


loS 


MR.    PLACE    TO    MR.    R.    GALE. 

Firit,  I  enquired  at  Crichill,  about  twelve  miles  from  Salifbury, 
whether  any  raifed  bank  or  caufeway  ran  through  or  by  this 
parifli?  They  told  me  there  was  a  great  way  or  bank  run  through 
their  grounds,  and  which  came  from  Salifbury  and  went  to  Bad- 
bury,  a  ftation  mentioned  by  Camden  near  Winbourn,  which  is 
about  four  miles  from  thence.  I  alked  by  what  name  they  called 
it  thereabouts,  and  find  it  goes  by  the  name  of  the  Ditch  (Foffe) 
though  there  is  nothing  like  a  ditch  :  I  enquired  farther,  if  it  were 
of  earth  or  paved  with  ftones,  and  find  it  is  always  paved  with 
fi:ones,and  gives  them  on  that  fcore  great  trouble  when  they  would 
turn  their  pafture  ground  to  arable  *. 

About  five  miles  thence  again,  I  enquired  at  a  place  called 
Crawford,  where  on  the  top  of  an  hill  I  faw  an  intrenchment 
which  they  call  The  Gaftlet  (though  there  is  no  appearance  of 
there  ever  having  been  a  building  there),  whether  fuch  a  bank 
did  not  alfo  run  through  their  fields,  which  I  perceived  it  mufi:, 
by  its  pointing  from  Badbury.  They  told  me  they  had  a  very 
plain  one  which  was  called  Aggleton-road,  though  nothing  like  a 
road,  nor  any  fuch  place  as  Aggleton;  what  they  knew  of  iit  was, 
that  it  came  from  Salifbviry  and  ran  into  the  Weft.  Now  this 
Aggleton  is  undovibtedly  Aggerton  or  Eggerton  before-mentioned, 
for  it  is  often  fo  called  by  the  Way  that  runs  to  Eggerton;  or  at 
leaft  it  is  Via  aggerata.  If  it  would  be  a  fatisfaclion  to  you,  I 
can  myfelf,  I  know,  without  much  pains,  ocularly  trace  it  from 
Sarum  hither,  and  give  you  an  exad;  account  of  it,  both  as  to  the 
name  it  bears,  and  every  Vill  through  or  by  which  it  paflTes;  who 
am,  Sir,  your  friend  and  hvimble  fervant,  Conyers  Place. 

P.  S.  In  the  midway  between  Crawford  and  this  place  is  ano- 
ther Cafi;rum'j:,  which  I  fujipofe  the  Way  paflTes  to  or  by  Winboum, 
[and]  is  fixteen  miles  hence,  though  reckoned  only  eight  in  the 
Itinerary. 

*   See  Hutchins'  Pref.  xiiU  xiv.  f  lb.  II.  190. 

J  Qusie  IVeodbury-hilliW.  Bere  Regis.  lb.  I,  39.. 

XVIII. 


MR.    R.    GALE     TO     MR.     PLACE.  109 

XVIIL 
Letter  from  Roger  Gale,  Elq.  to  the  Rev.  Conyers  Place. 

C      T     75  ScrOtoii, 

^     '■     ^   )  September   5,  !■]»(). 

Having  been  perfuaded  by  fome  friends  to  publifli  a  Commen- 
tary my  father  had  begun  upon  Antoninus's  Itinerary  thro'  Britain, 
but  had  not  entirely  finillied,  it  put  me  neceifarily  upon  examin- 
ing, as  I  review'd  his  work,  tlie  old  Roman  ways  in  our  kingdom; 
I  took  fome  pains  in  it,  and,  by  what  I  obferved,  I  believe  can  give 
the  beft,  if  not  a  perfect,  account  of  the  four  principal  great  Greets 
our  hiilorians  make  fo  much  mention  of,  and  in  relation  to 
"whofe  feveral  courfes  we  are  much  in  the  dark.  One  of  the 
main  rubs  I  met  with  is  to  be  certain  of  the  courfe  of  the  be- 
ginning of  the  Fofle  way,  which  they  all  tell  us  began  atTotneffe 
in  Devonflrire,  or  Cornwall  as  they  fay  by  miftake.  As  far  as 
Bath,  I  have  traced  it  entirely,  but  there  am  forced  to  make  a  flop, 
meeting  with  the  name  of  it  no  where  more  foutherly  except  at 
Dorchefter.  hi  Somerfetlliire  I  find  two  towns  lying  pretty 
much  in  a  line  to  Dorchefter  :  one  is  called  F^ofcote,  which  plainly 
retains  the  name,  but  the  other  almoft  puts  it  beyond  all  doubt, 
being  named  Stratton  in  the  Vorfwey,  which  can  be  nothing  but 
the  Street  town  in  the  Fofszvay,  and  you  fliall  hardly  find  a  Stratton 
or  Stretton  in  England,  unlefs  upon  an  old  Roman  way :  there- 
fore, as  you  have  another  Stretton  a  little  north- weft  of  Dorchefter, 
1  was  induced  to  think  that  the  Foffe  way  might  have  come  to  it 
through  that  town,  and  then  turning  weftward  have  gone  to 
Seaton  and  Exeter;  Durnovaria  and  Muridunum  withlfcaDunmo- 
niorum  being  fo  placed  by  Antoninus,  who  keeps  his  ftations  very 
much  upon  thefe  roads;  neither  will  the  crookednefs  of  the  turn 
be  any  objedion,  for  thefe  four  ftreets  are  far  from  obierving 
ftreight  lines  in  their  courfes,  as  fome  have  imagined,  but  will 
appear  q^uite  otherwife  upon  infpe<ftion.      I  am  fenlible  there  is 

another 


no  KIR.    R.    G  ALE    TO    MR.  ■  P  LACE. 

uiother  town  about  a  mile  fouth-weft  of  Glaftonbury  called 
Street,  to  which  alio  the  line  from  Stretton  in  the  Vorfwey,  ac- 
cording to  the  maps,  may  point,  and  lead  thro'  Exeter  to  Totneffe; 
and  I  mull  own  this  gives  me  fome  doubt  of  the  FoiTe  w^ay's  going 
-from  Bath  to  Dorchefter,  but  unlefs  it  did,  I  cannot  fee  how  that 
old  way  going  weftward  from  it  fliouldbe  entitled  to  that  name.  All 
the  accounts  I  have  yet  met  with  of  Somerfetfliire  are  wholly  lllent 
about  any  old  ways  in  that  county. 

Your  conjecture  of  the  name  Durnovaria's  being  taken   from 
the  river  Vare,  upon  which  Dorchefter  ftands,  carries  a  great  pro- 
bability with  it,  as  do  alfo  your  arguments  that  the  name  of  Frome 
was  formerly  Vare.      But  I  cannot  find  that  Frome  was   ever  a 
general  name  for  Water  amongft  our  anceftors.    Dour  was  without 
controverfy,  for,  belldes  that  fignification  which  the  word  Divr 
retains  to  this  day  among  the  Welfli,  we  have  the  names  of  fe- 
veral  old  towns  left  us  in  Antoninus  and  Ptolemy  beginning  with, 
this  word,  as  Durobrivae,  which  feems  to  intimate  a  bridge  over  a 
water  ;    Briva  Ifarce    in   another  journey  of  Antoninus  is  Aquce. 
rapida^  from  the  Britilh  Dzvrbriyf,  and  to  come  yet  nearer,  Duroco- 
rinium  is  Cirencefter  upon  the  water  Churn\   and  Durnovaria  may 
be  after  the  fame  rule  the  water  Vare^  which  no  w^ays  contradi6l 
your  conjecture  ;  nor  will  I  oppofe  it,  only  obferve  that  we  never 
meet  with  Varia  in  the  termination  of  any  of  our  towns'  names 
but  it  feems  to  fignify  a  paflage  or  ferry  over  a  water  there,    as 
Varis    is  Bodvary   in   Flintfliire;    Petuaria   Jldby  about   7   miles 
from  York ;   Vindevaria   ^teejfs  Ferry  in  Scotland  ;  at  all  which 
places  to  this  day  is  a  TrajeCtus,  and  fo  Durnovaria  might  import 
no  more  than  t\\Q  pajfage  over  the  water  there.      I  fliall  only  add, 
that  I  cannot  find  in  any  map  or    the  Villare  Anglicanum  fuch 
a  place  as  Frome  Vare,  unlefs  Frome  Vauchurch  be  mifpelled  for 
Frome  Vare  church  '•'•. 

*  Mr.  Baxter  makes  Frau  or  Fiome  fynonymous  with  Var^    See  Hutchins's  Dorfet,  I,  509. 

You 


MR.     R.    GALE    TO     MR.     T  L  A  C  E.  m 

You  feem  to  fufped:  Maiden  Caftle  not  to  have  been  a  Roman 
work  from  its  form..  I  don't  doubt  but  your  judgment  from   tlie 
form  of  it  may  be  true,  though  the  additions  in  the  lalt  edition  to 
Camden  tell  us  it  was  a  fujnmer  Jlation.,    and  that  fucb  as  have 
curioujly  viezved  the  place  have  like-wife  traced  out  the  particular  iifes 
of  each  part ^  ^c.'^      The  Romans  did  not  alwa}fi  obferve  to  make 
their  camps  fquare,  as  Vegetius  tells  us  in  his  firft  book,  cap.  23, 
Inte'rdum  Romanorum  cq/lra  fuiffe  quadrata^  inter dum  trigona,  in- 
terdum  femirotunda^  prout   loci   qualitas   et   necefitas  poflulabat\ 
and  we  havefeveral  camps  in  England,  undoubtedly  Roman  from 
their  coins  found  there,    of  a  round  form,  fome  with  a  double 
vallum,  as  Yanefbury  in  Wiltlhire,   and   others  with  a  triple,  as 
Camalet  in  Somerfetfliire,    and,  what  I  believe   you  have  often 
viewed,   Hogmagog  in  Cambridgefliire,  which,  though  generally 
believed  to  have  been  Danidi,  is  certainly  Roman,  for  I  myfelf  have 
fome  coins  of  Valentinian  and  Valens  dug  up  there  in   the  year 
1685.      Perhaps  when  the  Roman  difcipline  was  ftri6tly  kept  up 
under  their  Commonwealth  and  firft  Emperors,  they  might  ftill 
obferve  the  exacStnefs  we  read  of  in  fetting  out  their  camps;   but 
when  that  relaxed  in  the  Bas  Empire,  and  their  armies  were  com- 
pofed  of  feveral  barbarous  nations,  negligence  crept  in  upon  them, 
and  they  grew  remifs  in  their  encampments,  as  well  as  in  other 
parts  of  the  military    fcience    and  where  an    army    confifted    for 
the  greateft  part  of  forces  not  Roman,  they  might  eafily  fall  into 
that  method  of  fortifying  their  camps,   which  was  moft  ufual  to 
the  country  where  thofe  troops  were  chiefly  levied. 

The  reafon  why  the  intrenchments  at  Eggerton  Hill  are  not 
mentioned  in  Antoninus  may  be  becaufe  it  v/as  only  a  fummer' 
camp,  and  no  fixed  town  or  ftation,  he  feeming  only  to  take  no- 
tice of  fuch;  fo  Badbury  is  omitted  between  Sorbiodunum  and 
Vindocladia,  and  he  no  where  takes  notice  of  any  camp,  except 
fome  town  was  adjoining, 
j^^  I  am,  Sir,  your  moll  obliged  friend  and  humble  fervant, 

R.  Gale.. 

*  See  Hutchins,  I.  467, 

7  XiX. 


u.:  DR.    STUKELEY    TO    MR.    R.    GALE.  ■ 

XIX. 

Account  of  Camulodunura,    Saffron  Walden,  in  a  letter  from 
Dr.  Stukeley  to  Roger  Gale,  Efq. 

Great  Stukeley, 
July  12,  1719. 

After  a  terrible  fatigue  of  hot  weather,  difputations,  Sec.  I  am 
got  to  a  filent  retreat.  When  the  hurry  of  my  degree  was  over,  I 
went  to  Saffron  Waldron  to  hunt  for  antiquities :  it  is  the  moll 
beautiful  fituation  I  ever  beheld.  A  narrow  tongue  of  land  flioots 
itfelf  out  like  a  promontory,  encompafTed  with  a  valley  in  the  form 
of  an  horfeflioe,  and  that  enclofed  by  diftant  and  delightful  hills. 
On  the  bottom  of  the  tongue  Hand  the  ruins  of  a  caftle,  on  the 
tip  or  extremity  of  it  the  church,  like  St.  Mary's  at  Cambridge. 
RoLind  the  church,  upon  the  fide  of  the  hill  and  in  the  valley,  is  the 
town,  built  fo,  that  the  bottom  of  the  church  is  as  high  as  the 
town,  and  feen  above  the  tops  of  the  houfes.  I  could  willingly 
enough  fancy  this  the  Camulodunum,  perhaps  Camwlo-Camwal- 
lodun,  from  whence  very  eafily  Waldon,  or  from  Camulus,  the  fa- 
mous god  of  the  Celts,  who  might  have  a  Temple  where  now 
ftands  the  Church,  and  where  the  Temple  of  Claudius  might  have 
flood,  upon  certainly  one  of  the  moft  noble  and  majeftic  lituations 
in  the  world,  wiiich,  without  much  fortification,  might  have  en- 
abled the  Romans  to  have  held  out  two  days  againft  the  enraged 
Britains  under  Boadicea.  Nor  does  it  diffuade  my  aflent,  that  there 
were  no  Roman  antiquities  found  thereabouts,  becaufe  they  were 
fettled  at  this  colony  but  a  fliort  time,  nor  any  figns  of  walls  and 
ditches,  and  that  is  exprefsly  mentioned  by  Tacitus. 

Might  not  the  name  have  fome  relation  to  the  river  Cam,  on 
which  it  Hands,  as  the  Camboritum  down  lower,  and  the  modern 
Cambridge?  feeing  it  is  written  in  Ptolemy  Camulodum,  if  I  re- 
member right.    Nothing  flaggers  my  belief  but  Tacitus's  faying  it 

was 


DR.    STUKELEY    TO    MR.    R.    GALE.  113 

was  upon  the  fea,  apparitions  having  been  feen  in  the  neighbour- 
ing 3eftuary,  which  is  apphcable  to  no  place  lb  well  as  Maiden : 
however,  betwixt  it  and  Audley  Inn  Park  arc  two  lides  of  a  fquare 
camp  at  right  angles,  called  Paigle  Dikes. 

The  adjoining  town  of  Newport  feems  to  have  been  an  old 
place,  and  there  are  ruins  vilible  in  the  midft  of  it  by  the  crofs,  of 
what  I  cannot  tell. 

Littlebury  and  Wendon  hard  by  have  perhaps  antiquity  to 
boaft  of. 

The  next  towns  down  the  river  are  Cheilerfords  where  has 
been  a  royal  manlion,  the  remains  of  it  to  be  feen;  and  the  great 
Icknild-ftreet  here  croffes  the  river  at  Chefterford  Magna. 

J  had  the  pleafure  to  walk  round  an  old  Roman  city  there, 
upon  the  walls,  which  are  ftill  vilible  above  ground ;  the  London 
road  goes  fifty  yards  upon  them,  and  the  Crown  inn  ftands  upon 
their  foundation.  Thither  I  fummoned  Ibme  of  the  country 
people,  and,  over  a  pot  and  a  pipe,  filhed  out  what  I  could  from 
their  difcourfe,  as  we  fat  furveying  the  corn  growing  upon  the 
fpot.  It  contains  about  fifty  acres  within  the  walls,  exactly  fucli 
a  figure  as  Silcheller,  [fee  plate  IV.  fig.  3.]  ftanding  North-Eaft 
and  South -Weft,  as  Vitruvius  direds.  I  faw  the  wall  to  the  founda- 
tion; they  are  pulling  it  up  with  much  labour  to  mend  their  high- 
ways, though  materials  might  be  had  at  eafier  charge  as  near,  for 
which  I  heartily  anathematized  them.  Valt  quantities  of  Roman 
coins  of  all  forts  I  found  there,  and  one  Saxon  of  king  Edward ; 
as  alfo  many  Roman  pavements  within  the  wall :  a  woman  at  an 
alehoufe  there  has  a  whole  room  paved  with  them ;  but  the  moft 
charming  fight  that  can  be  imagined  is  the  perfedl  veftigia  of  a 
temple,  as  eafily  difcernible  in  the  corn  as  upon  paper.  [Sec 
plate  IV.  fig.  4.]      .  <  [  - 

The  cell  or  naos  was  five  yards  broad  within,  and  thirteen  long. 
The  people  fay,  let  the  year  come  as  it  will,  this  place  is  ever  vifi- 

Q  ble, 


,  ,4  DR.     S  T  U  K  E  L  E  Y    TO    MR.    R.     GALE. 

blc,  and  that  it  has  been  fo  ever  fince  the  memory  of  man,  and 
fancy  the  fairies  dancing  there  caufes  the  appearance.  I  leave  it  to 
your  difcerning  penetration  to  find  out  the  name  of  this  city;  they 
call  it  now  Burroughfield,  and  the  money  found  Burrough-money. 
They  told  me,  among  other  difcourfe, that  at  Plefliden*  near  Dun- 
mow,  fuch  money  was  found;  that  at  Bartlow  hills,  beyond 
Linton,  were  bones  found ;  that  at  Hadftock,  not  far  from  thence, 
a  Danifli  king  was  taken,  and  his  Ikin  by  an  infinity  of  nails 
faftened  upon  the  church-door,  fome  thereof  flill  remaining. 

Juft  by  this  city  are  Ickleton  and  Streethall;  the  great  road  runs 
between  them  by  the  walls  of  the  city.  I  likewife  obferved,  this 
Icknild  or  Icknall-llreet  parts  the  counties  of  Eflex,  Hertford,  and 
Cambridge  all  the  way,  and  at  Royfton,  or  Roy-croffe,  is  crolTed  by 
the  Erming-ftreet. 

There  is  another  Roman  road  which  runs  from  Ickleton  towards 
Newmarket;  it  is  the  London  road  almoft  as  far  as  Hogm  agog-hills, 
upon  an  eminence  a  little  beyond  which  it  is  crolTed  by  the  ditch 
called  Fleames-dike,  where  is  a  fquare  fort,  in  the  middle  of  which 
are  the  ruins  of  k building;  it  is  little,  and  I  fuppofe  it  to  have 
been  a  Caftrum  Exploratorum  or  guard-houfe,  to  fecure  the  roads. 
See  Plate  IV.  fig.  5. 

A  little  eaftward  of  Wandlebury  or  Hogmagog-hills  is  very 
plainly  to  be  feen  the  Roman  way  that  went  to  Grantchefler;  there 
are  two  barrows  clofe  by  it ;  it  is  an  elevated  ridge  for  two  hundred 
miles  together,  is  beautiful,  and  goes  on  in  a  flreight  line  to  the 
river,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  above  Cambridge,  the  other  courfe 
of  it  runs  towards  Colchefter. 

At  Trumpington  they  have  found  vaft  numbers  of  Roman 
vefTels ;  there  are  abundance  of  barrows  about  thofe  hills.  Cer- 
tainly in  thefe  parts  is  a  vaft  harveft  of  antiquity  to  be  gathered  by 
a  diligent  enquirer. 

*  PMiey. 

The 


DR.     STUKELEY    TO    MR.    R.     GALE.  115 

The  Univerfity  of  Cambridge  has  bought  the  ground,  whcreoa 
to  eredt  their  new  building;  the  Hbrary  is  finiflicd,  but  will  not 
hold  half  the  books,  which  amount  to  thirty-thoufand  volumes; 
they  are  fitting  up  the  Sophs  fchools  for  phyfic  and  law  exercifes. 
They  have  now  repaired  Caius  College  chapel,  and  I  had  a  light 
of  the  old  gentleman  in  his  coffin, 

I  have  learnt  here,  that  at  Sandy  near  Tcmsford  is  a  very  re- 
markable Roman  camp,  and  vaft  quantities  of  Roman  coin  and 
antiquities  are  dug  up  there  :  the  fame  at  Somerfliam  near  St. 
Ives,  at  Godmanchefter,  and  here  at  Great  Stukeley,  that  Roman 
coins  have  been  found,  they  ftanding  upon  the  Ermingftreet.  I 
am,  Sir,  Your  moft  humble  fervant, 

William  Stukeley. 


t±  XX. 

An  account  of  Richburrough  ruins,   near  Sandwich  in  Kent, 
by  Dr.  Stukeley,  Sept.  22,  17  16. 

The  remains  of  Richburroiigh',  (the  Roman  Rhitupae  or  Rutu- 
piae,  feeltin.Cur.I.  pi.  97.)  ftand  upon  the  point  of  a  hill  or  pro- 
montory a  mile  North  from  Sandwich,  overlooking  a  great  flatt  to 
the  Eaft,  which  feems,  by  the  banks  of  beech  ftill  fhewing  them- 
felves  in  feveral  places,  to  have  been  formerly  covered  by  the  fea. 
The  Eaft  fide  of  this  hill  isfo  high  and  perpendicular  from  the  flat 
at  the  bottom,  that  fhips  with  the  greateft  burthen  may  have  lain 
with  their  fides  clofe  to  it,  and  it  appears  to  have  been  left  open 
for  a  port  or  key,  there  being  no  figns  of  any  wall  there,  though 
thofe  on  the  other  three  fides  are  ftill  pretty  entire,  confidering 
the  years  they  have  ftood*.  It  is  not  improbable  that  the  fea 
forfook  this  place,  and  left  the  flat  below  it  dry,  at  the  fame  time 

'•'    '•  *  See  Additions  to  Harris's  Hid.  of  Kent,  p.  36. 

Q  a  that 


,,6  ACCOUNT    OF     RICHBURROUGH     RUINS. 

that  it  left  the  Godwin  Sands,  by  breaking  in   upon  Zealand,    at 
^         the  latter  end  of  William  Rufus,  or  the  beginning  of  Henry  the 
t^^v^        I'lfth's,  reign  *. 

The  North  wall  is  560  feet  in  length,  the  Weft  484,  and  the 

South  540  ;   they  are  all  built  of  flint  within,  faced  on  both  fides 

with  fniall  fquared  white  ftones,    and  laid  through  at  every  three 

feet  four  inches  with  two  courfes  of  Roman  bricks,  fixteen  inches 

each  in  length;   the  remains  of  thefe  walls  are  about  ten  feet  high 

within,  but  their  broken  tops  fliew  them  to  have  been  ftill  higher, 

though  it  is  now  impoffible  to  fay  how  much.      The  North  wall 

on  the  outfide  is  above  twice  as  high  as  it  is  within,  or  the  other 

two,  having  bqen  carried  up  from  the  very  bottom  of  the  hill;  it 

appears  alfo  to  have  been  fomething  longer  than  at  prefent,    by 

fome  pieces  of  it  fallen  down  at  its  Eaft  end.      The  three  walls 

are  twelve  feet  thick,  cemented  with  a  mortar  now  as  hard  as  the 

flint  itfelf,  and  in  that  on  the  North  fide  is  an  entrance  about  the 

middle,  that  lets  you  not  dire<5lly  into  the  place,  but  fir  ft  brings 

you  to  the  Eaft  fide  of  it,  as  in  plate  IV.  fig.  6. 

In  the  middle  of  the  fquare  are  the  ruins  of  fome  old  walls 
full  of  bufhes  and  briars,  which  look  as  if  there  was  a  defcent 
under  ground  among  them ;  and  about  a  furlong  to  the  South  in 
a  ploughed  field,  is  a  large  circular  work  with  a  hollow  in  the 
middle;  the  eaftern  and  weftern  banks  rifing  higher  than  the 
northern  and  fouthern,  appear  [fig.  7]  from  the  place;  it  may 
perhaps  have  been  an  amphitheatre,  and  the  different  heights  of 
the  banks  have  been  occafioned  by  the  unequal  fall,  or  carrying 
away  of  the  ruins  when  it  was  demolifhed. 

As  for  the  ruins  in  the  middle  of  the  fquare,  Mr,  Somnert 
would  have  them  to  be  the  remains  of  an  old  chapel,  Dr.  |Batte- 

*  See  Somner's  Roman  Ports,  &c.  p.  20,  &c. 
■}■  Somner's  Roman  Ports,  p.  6. 
J  Batteley's  Antiq.  Rutup.  p.  18. 

ley 


MR.    R.    GALE    TO    DR.     STUKELEY.  u; 

ley  of  the  Praetorium,  which  latter  feems  to  me  moft  probable, 
they  feeming  to  be  of  the  fame  antiquity  as  the  out-walls.  It 
might  have  been  perhaps  one  of  thofe  Speculas  mentioned  bv 
Gildas,  to  overlook  the  fea,  and  give  warning  of  the  approach  of 
foreigners  when  they  came  to  invade  the  coaft,  Mr.  Somner  fup- 
pofing  this  whole  caftle  to  have  been  ere6ted  for  that  pnrpofe. 

Mr.  Camden  feems  to  be  entirely  right  as  to  the  town  or  city's 
lying  juft  without  thefe  ruinous  walls.  \V.  S. 

XXI. 
Mr.  R.  Gale  to  Dr.  Stukeley,  in  anfwer  to  No.  XIX. 

July   14,  1719. 

I  was  extremely  rejoiced  at  the  fight  of  yours,  &c.      I  once 
made  a  fally  from  Cambridge  when  1  was  a  ftudent  there,   to  the 
fame  purpofe  as  you  have  lately ;   but  muft  own  my  difcoveries  to 
have  fallen  far  fhort  of  yours,  except  in  one  point,  which  I  find 
you  have  the  misfortune  to  have  mifled,  and  that  is  a  place  now 
called  by  the  country  people  Starbury-hill ;  it  lies  juft  above  the 
London  road  as  you  go  by  Audley-Inn,  and  upon  it  are  the  vi- 
iible  remains  of  a  fquare  work,  where  the  author  of  Sir  Thomas 
Smith's*-  life  tells  us  Roman  money  has  been  found,  particularly  a 
golden  coin  of  Claudius,   which  is  alfo  confirmed  by   Hollinf- 
hedt,  who  mentions  likewife  the  finding  of  a  great  antique  filver 
cup  there.      The  pleafantnefs  of  the  country  agreeing  fo  well  with 
Tacitus*s  defcription   of  the   fituation   of   Camalodunum,   dum 
amcenitati  potius  quam  ujui  conjulitur,    the  due  diftance  of  it  from 
Canonium,  which  I  take  to  be  Canfield,  according  to  Antoninus, 
and  its  lying  upon  the  dire6l  road  to  Villa  Fauftini,  St.  Edmund's- 
bury,  and  but  a  little  diftance  from  the  croflingof  two  Roman  wavs, 
have  fully  perfuaded  me,  that  Camalodunum  muft  have  been  in 

*  p.  130.  t  p.  J18. 

the 


1 18  M  R.    R.    G  A  L  E    T  O    D  R.     S  T  U  K  E  L  E  Y. 

the  neighbourhood  of  Walden.  Where  to  fix  it  exaclly  I  will 
not  pretend,  but  do  not  think  it  flood  juft  where  the  prefent  town 
of  Walden  ftands,  becaufe  1  never  heard  of  any  antiquities  dif- 
covercd  on  that  fpot.  It  fecms  to  me  from  the  words  of  Galgacus 
in  Tacitus,  and  the  defcription  he  gives  of  this  colony  in  the  xiv''^ 
book  of  his  Annals,  as  if  it  had  been  an  open  town,  and  defended 
only  by  forts  and  caftles  in  the  neighbourhood.  His  words  are, 
Nee  arduum  videbatur  exjcindere  coloniam  nulUs  munimentis  fep- 
tam\  and  Galgacus  tells  his  army,  Fcemind duce  exurere  Coloniam, 
expugnare  cajlra  potuere:  and  Tacitus  again,  in  his  Life  of  Agri- 
cola  more  exprefsly  fays,  Sumfere  uni'verji  bellum^ac  fparfos  per 
cqftella  milites  conJeSiati^  expugnatis  pra/idiis  ipfam  coloniam  inva- 
fere  \  and  the  colony  itfelf  made  no  refiftance;  but  what  was 
from  the  foldiers  who  retired  into  the  temple,  and  defended  that 
for  two  days.  All  which,  I  think,  make  it  evident,  that  the  co- 
lony itfelf  was  unwalled,  and  the  country  round  about  full  of 
caftles  and  forts  for  its  defence,  fuch  as  Sterbury,  Littlebury,  Great 
and  Little  Chefterford  (two  Caftrums  to  defend  the  paffage  over 
the  river),  Shady  Camps  and  Caftle  Camps,  the  five  latter  of  which 
lay  all  towards  the  Iceni,  and  muft  be  forced  before  they  could 
come  at  the  colony  fomevvhere  near  Walden.  As  for  the  name, 
I  believe  you  are  much  in  the  right,  M'hen  you  would  derive  it 
from  the  river  Cam,  one  branch  of  which,  rifing  not  far  from 
Newport,  runs  almoft  clofe  by  Walden,  and  fo  to  the  two  Chefter- 
fords.  I  have  been  long  of  the  fame  opinion,  and  had  formed 
th^  name  from  the  Britifh  words  Cam  Gwlad  dun,  which  being 
Romanized  will  very  aptly  produce  Gamalodunum,  and  denote 
Civitas  Region  is  vel  P  r  ovine  ia  Ca7nenfi5.  You  need  not,  in  my 
mind,  be  ftaggered  much  at  Tacitus's  faying  apparitions  were  feen 
in  the  neighbouring  aeftuary,  fince  his  words  are,  vifamque  fpe- 
ciem  in  MJiuario,  where  there  is  nothing  to  import  neighbouring. 
Lipfius  upon  this  paffage  quotes  a  Florentine  MS.  that  has  in 
2,  ajluario 


MR.    R.     GALE    TO     DR.     S  T  U  K  E  L  E  Y. 

tejluario^  'Tamefce  fubverfcz  colonist y  the  plain  reading  of  which 
words  can  be  no  other  than  vifainque  jpeciem  in  ajiuario  I'amefa 
fubverfc?  colonm :  but  Dio  Caflius  puts  the  matter  out  of  dilpute, 
whofe  words  are,  Quix  t£  t/vs;  h  tw  Toc[M(7X  vtotxixo!)  'eipv^ooi  iu^iyjo, 
fo  that  this  prodigy  appeared  in  the  river  Thames,  and  confe- 
quently  could  relate  to  the  fubvcrfion  of  Maiden  no  more  than  to 
that  of  Walden,  foretelling  rather  the  deftrudion  of  London  litu- 
ated  on  that  river. 

It  is  hard  to  conceive,  how  there  fhould  be  another  city  or  town 
fo  near  Camalodunum  as  the  ruins  you  mention  near  Chefterford. 
I  very  well  remember  them,  and  have  often  turned  my  thoughts 
to  confider  what  they  might  be,  but  could  never  devile  any  Ro- 
man name  or  ftation  that  would  agree  with  them.  To  tell  you 
what  feems  moft  probable  to  me,  is,  that  the  firft  Camalodunum 
being  deftroyed  by  Boadicea,  another  rofe  out  of  its  aflies,  being 
removed  a  little  lower  down  the  river,  perhaps  for  the  greater  con- 
venience of  water  and  defence;  and  that  thefe  walls  they  are 
now  taking  fo  much  pains  to  demolifli  for  repairing  the  high- 
ways, are  the  relicks  of  it. 

That  there  was  a  new  Camalodunum,  is  evident  from  an  infcrip- 
tion  in  Gruter;   it  does  not  indeed  carry  any  date  upon  it,  but  the 
ftyle  and  fome  particulars  in  it  plainly  evince  it  to  have  been  cut 
much  later  than  the  reign  of  Nero.      Camden   indeed  calls    this 
place  Icaldune,  and  in  the  neighbovirhood  is  a  town   ftill  called 
Ickleton,   but  neither  that  nor  the  name  of  Buroughfield  will  lead 
us  to  its  ancient  denomination.      It  is  alfo  plain  from  the  Itinerary 
of  Antoninus,  that  Camalodunum  was  in  being  when   that  was 
compofed,  which  was  certainly  long  after  Nero's  time.      It  is  ge- 
nerally fuppofed,  that  Barklow-hills  are  Danilh,  but  they  may  be 
as  well  Roman  for  any  thing  that  appears  more  than  the  tradition 
of  the  country.     Two  of  them  were  formerly  opened,  and  fome 
cherts  of  ftone  with  bones  in  them  taken  up ;  that  the  Romans 
fometimes  buried  ibj  is  beyond  all  denial. 

I  am 


119 


i:o  Mil.    n.     GALE    TO    MR.     S.     GALE. 

I  am  afraid  you  did  not  wait  upon  Mr.  Thomfon  of  Trumping- 
ton,  who  has  a  great  many  vafes,  fome  of  metal  curioufly  caft, 
and  others  of  feveral  forts  of  earth,  all  found  in  his  neighbour- 
hood, between  his  town  of  refidence  and  Cambridge;  my  Lord 
Harley  offered  him  30I.  for  them,  but  was  refufed. 

I  believe  Sandy,  which  I  have  feen  wrote  Salnedy,  near  Tems- 
ford,  was  Ptolemy's  Salence.,  Sec.  I  am  your  moft  humble  fer- 
vant,  R.  Gale. 

XXII. 

Account  of  Ariconium^  Kenchefter,   near   Hereford,   in  a  letter 
from  Mr.  R.  Gale,   to  his  brother  Mr.  S.  Gale. 

Dear  Brother,  s^int."";. 

During  my  Hay  at  Hereford,  I  made  a  vifit  to  the  ruins  of  Ari- 
conium,  three  miles  North-Weft  from  that  city,  feated  on  a  gentle 
rife  in  a  dry  pleafant  country ;  the  foil  fandy,  tho'  all  the  reft  of 
the  country  is  a  ftiff*clay.  Nothing  of  the  walls  is  now  left,  ex- 
cept the  banks  they  ftood  on,  which  are  ftill  entire,  and  inclofe  an 
oval  of  50  or  60  ^cres,  fome  of  which  to  the  Weftward  is  corn- 
fields, and  to  the  Eaft  covered  with  wood  or  hops.  In  thefe 
banks  are  four  openings  which  they  call  the  four  gates,  and  per- 
haps were  fo ;  two  of  them  are  on  the  Weft,  and  two  on  the  North 
fide  of  the  place.  There  is  but  one  piece  of  building  remaining, 
which  feems  to  have  been  a  wall  with  a  nich  in  it,  of  Roman 
brick  and  ftone.  Juft  by  it  was  a  hole  which  I  took  for  the  mouth 
of  a  well,  but  was  aftured  by  Colonel  Dantfy  (a  neighbouring 
gentleman  that  was  with  me)  that  it  led  into  a  large  vault,  which 
he  had  formerly  been  in,  but  is  now  ftopt  up.  Several  urns,  as 
he  told  me,  were  taken  out  of  it  when  it  was  firft  opened,  of  which 
he  fhewed  me  fome  fragments  at  his  houfe,  with  bones,  and  a 
cement  found  in  them  as  hard  as  marble,  which  I  fuppofe  was 

to 


MR.     R.     GALE    TO     MR.    S.     GALE.  izt 

to  clofe  them  up,  tlio'  the  country  will  have  it  to  be  human  flefli, 
hardened  to  that  confiftence.    I  have  brought  fome  of  it  away,  as 
alio  fome  fmall  fquares  of  a  teffellated  pavement  lying  between 
the  nich  in  the  old  wall  and  the  entrance  of  the  vault.      I  alfo  had 
fome  coins  found  there  from  the  Colonel;   the  oldeft  he  had  were 
of  Caracalla  and   Alexander  Sevcrus.     There  are   two  Roman 
ways  Hill  vifibly   meeting  at  this   old  town;  one  comes  dircvflly 
North  from  Tillington  and  Creden-hill  about  a  mile  and  a  half 
diilant,  upon  the  top  of  which  is  a  large  ftrong  oblong  entrencli- 
ment,   which  tradition  will  have  to  have  been  the  camp  of  the 
beliegers  that  deftroyed  Ariconium;  but  I  rather  take  it  for  the 
Caftrum  ^ftivum  of  the  Roman  garrifon,  which  is  confirmed  by 
the  ways  leading  dire6lly  to  it.     The  remains  of  the  other  ancient 
way  are  very  plain  to  be  {gqii  in  the  road  to  Hereford;   and  at  a 
httle  dirtance  on  the  North  from  it  lies  a  town  called  Stretton,  thro' 
which  I  fuppofe  it  ran,  as  well  from  the  name,  as  that  it  is  not 
to  be  difcovered  between  that  place  and  Hereford.      Within  the 
area  of  the  old  city  they  continually  plow  up  human  bones;   and 
In  a  heap  of  rubbilh  which  they  fliewed  me  was  found  a  great 
quantity  of  burnt  wheat  *.    When  it  was  firll  dug  up,  I  fuppofe 
it  was  fome  granary  deftroyed  by  fire ;  and  thefe  two  circumflances 
make  it  very  probable  that  the  city  was  vuinQdJIamma  ferroque, 
and  the  people  faying  it  was  confumed  by  wildfire  from  Creden- 
hill  camp  is  a  confirmation  of  it,  tho'  others  have  a  tradition  it 
was  overthrown  by  an  earthquake,  and  others  that  it  was  deferted 
for  want  of  water.      You  fee  by  this  how  hiftorians  may  differ,  all 
thefe  accounts  being  given  me  within  the  narrow  compafs  of  the 
modern  A riconium,  vulgarly  called  Kenchefter,  a  village  confifting 
of  {even  or  eight  houfes.      There  does  indeed  feem  to  be  a  great 
fcarcity  of  water  at  the  place,  the  only  fupply  it  has  being  a  fmall 
brook  running  at  the  foot  of  the  little  hill  the  old  banks  ftand 

*  I  have  fince  had  fome  of  this  ivheat  given  me  by  Col,  Dantfy. 

R  upon, 


122  M  R.    R.     G  A  L  E     T  O    M  R.     S.     G  A  L  E. 

upon,  at  half  a  quarter  of  a  mile's  diftance,  and  that  has' now  been 
dry  theic  fix  weeks.  I  cannot  therefore  allow  of  Mr.  Baxter's'' 
derivation  of  the  name  Ariconium  from  the  Britilli  words  Arkon 
fit,  quod  ejl  fiiper principe  aqua,  unlefs  you  can  think  fuch  a  pitiful 
ditch  as  this  I  have  defcribed  to  you  deferves  to  be  called  Aqua 
Princeps.  I  wifli  I  could  fay  of  a  great  many  other  of  his  ety- 
mologies that  cojtveniunt  7'ebus  nomina  Jape  fuh\  for  upon  turning 
over  his  Gloffary  I  find  an  infinite  number  of  whimfical  derivations 
of  names  taken  from  the  fites  of  towns,  but  no  ways  agreeing 
with  them,  as  here  at  Ariconium ;  beiides  a  multitude  of  other 
llrange  fancies  neither  juflified  by  proof  or  probable  conje6ture; 
fuch  is  that  where  he  will  have  Londinium  dellroyed  by  Boadicea 
to  have  been  Lincoln,  which  never  was  called  Londinium  in  any 
author;  and  beiides,  that  heroine's  march  feems  to  have  lain  di- 
reiSlly  another  way,  by  her  taking  Verolamium  immediately  after 
Londinium.  Cornelius  Tacitus  tells  us,  at  that  very  time  London 
was  copid  negotiatormn  et  coinmeatu  maxime  celebre,  which  Lin- 
coln, by  its  inland  lituation  and  fmall  river,  could  never  pretend 
to.  His  fole  argument  for  Lincoln's  being  Londinium,  is  that  the 
Trinovantes,  whofe  capital  the  prefent  London  was,  were  allies 
and  confederates  with  the  Iceni;  and  can  there  be  a  better  reafon 
for  their  attacking  Londinium  in  conjuncSlion,  than  to  drive  out 
the  Romans  who  had  feized  it,  and  fo  ref^ore  it  to  the  Trinovantes 
its  ancient  proprietors? 

But  to  return  to  Ariconium ;  I  was  informed  the  greateft  num- 
ber of  coins  was  found  on  the  declivity  of  the  hill,  between  the 
old  banks  and  the  brook  to  the  Northward,  fo  that  the  town  was 
in  all  probability  on  that  fide,  and  three  of  the  gates  in  the  walls 
opening  that  way  argues  the  fame;  fo  the  works  whofe  re- 
mains we  Hill  view  might  be  only  thofe  of  a  caftle  or  fort  to 
protecft  the  inhabitants  of  the  town,  and  keep  the  country  in  awe, 

*  Vide  Baxter's  Gloffary  in  Ariconium, 


MR.    R.    GALE    TO    DR.    HAR  WOOD.  123 

to  which  it  had  but  one  gate.  I  have  no  more  to  add,  but  that 
being  fincc  at  my  Lord  Coningfby's  at  Hampton-Court,  who  is 
lord  of  the  manor  of  Kentchefter,  he  flicwed  me  a  little  room  there 
paved  with  Roman  tiles  fix  inches  fquare,  the  colour  red,  that  were 
brought  from  the  Ariconium  ruins,  in  defcribing  of  which,  the 
fcantinefs  of  of  my  paper  will  lliew  you  I  have  been  twice  as  long 
as  I  intended,  but  I  could  not  give  over  when  my  hand  was  in, 
without  acquainting  you  with  all  that  had  come  to  the  knowledge 
of  Your  molt  affedtionate  brother, 

R.  Gale. 
XXIII. 

The  Walls,  a  Camp  near  Bridgnorth  in  Shropfliire,  in  a  letter 
from  Mr,  R.  Gale  to  Dr.  Harwood*,  at  his  houfe  in  Alder- 
manbury. 

Bridgnorth, 
Cyp  September  17,  1719. 

I  could  not  forbear  one  poft  to  return  you  thanks  for  the  plea- 
fure  you  have  given  in  direiSling  me  to  the  ftrangcft  ancient 
works  I  ever  faw,  and  fo  much  the  flranger,  that  nobody  as  I 
know  of  has  ever  given  the  leaft  hint  or  intimation  of  them  ;  and 
indeed  I  could  meet  with  no  one  in  this  country  that  had  ever 
heard  of  the  place,  till  I  came  upon  the  very  fpot,  which  I  attri- 
bute to  its  lying  in  fuch  a  retired  corner,  and  out  of  all  roads.  I 
found  it  as  you  have  told  me,  about  four  miles  Eaft  of  Bridge- 
north  in  the  parifli  of  VVorvill,  clofe  by  a  little  village  called 
Chefterton,  that  joins  it  on  the  North  fide.  It  is  called  T'he 
Walls  there;  though  I  met  with  two  or  three  people  in  that  town 
who  knew  nothing  of  it  when  I  enquired  for  it  by  that  name. 
The  form  of  it  is  neareft  to  a  fquare.     There  have  been  four 

*  John  HarwoodjLL.  D.  educated  at  Queen's  College,  Cambridge,  was  an  advocate  in  Doiftors 
Commons,  Commiflary  of  tlie  Dean  and  Chapter  of  St.  Paul's,  and  F.  R.  and  A.  SS.  See  two 
letters  to  him  fromT.Lyfter  and  Mr.  Baxter,  about  the  Roman  hypocaull  at  V/roxeter,  Phil. 
Tranf.  N"  306. 

R  a  gates 


124  ^^  ^-    ^-    <^  ^  ^'  "E    TO    D  R.     II  A  R  W  O  O  D. 

gates  or  entrances  into  it;  one  from  Chefterton,  in  the  middle  of 
the  North  front,  a  fecond  in  the  middle  of  the  Weft  front,  a  third 
in  the  South-Eaft,  and  a  fourth  in  the  North-Eaft  corneF*      The 
odd  polltion  of  the  two  laft  at  the  corners  has  been  for  taking  the 
advantage  of  declivities  of  the    rock  ;   that    in    the   Soiith-Eait 
carrying  you  over  a  little  hill  by  an  eafy  defcent  into  the  country 
on  that  fide,  the  whole  face  of  which  is  every  where  a  precipice  of 
50  or  60  yards  perpendicular  height,  as  is  alfo  the  Eaft  fide,   ex- 
cept at  the  forementioned  pafTage,  which  leads  down  to  therivvdet 
running  below.  There  is  befidesthefeafloping  way  cut  througlithe 
bank,   and  down  the  rock  in  the  middle  of  the  South  face  to  the 
water,  which  furrounds  part  of  the  Weft,   all  the  South  and  Eaft> 
with  part  of  the  North  fides  of  the  camp,rendering  it  prodigious 
ftrong,  and  with  the  precipice  it  ftands  on  inacceffible  there.      On 
the  Weft  fide,  where  it  wants  water,  and  where  the  bank  is  no- 
thing near  fo  fteep  and  high  as  on  the  South  and  Eaft,  it  has  been 
double  fortified,  having  a  deep  trench  cut  out  of  the  folid  rock 
betwixt  two  rampiers,  which  would  be  thought  very  great  works 
were  it  not  for  thofe  on  theother  fides.      To  the  North  it  has 
now  only  one  fingle  bank  or  rampire,  much  about  the  height  of 
the  innermoft  of  thofe  on  the  Weft;   perhaps  it  might  have  been 
double  too,  but  now  levelled  to  make  room  for  the  yards  of  the 
adjoining  farms  at  Chefterton.      I  had  the  good  fortune  to  meet 
within  this  camp  an  old  gentleman,  the  prefent  commander  of  it; 
he  told  me  it  contained  twenty-four  acres  within  the  walls,  and 
was  as  fure  it  was  Roman  as  if  he  had  had  a  commifiGion  from  one 
of  the  Csefars  to  fortify  it ;   though  he  owned  he  had  never  feen 
or  heard  of  any  coins  or  antiquities  relating  to  them  or  any  other 
people  found  there.      However,    I  am  of  his  opinion,    that  it  is 
Roman  ;  but  a  camp,  and  no  town,  fince  not  the  leaft  ruins  of  any 
buildings  were  ever  found  there,  and  the  walls  themfelves  feem 
only  to  have  been  banks  eaft  up  from  the  foil  of  the  place.     The 

name 


MR.     R.     GALE     TO    D  R.    H  A  R  W  O  O  D.  i>5 

name  of  the  adjacent  Chefterton,  the  fquare  figure,  and  the  gi-eat 
care  taken  to  fecnre  the  water,  are  all  arguments  of  its  belonging  to 
that  nation;   and  it  might  have  been  the  ^fti\(a  of  their garrifonii 
lying  at  Uriconium   and  Pennocrucium,   neither  of  them  being 
above  a  day's  march  from  it.      The  rivulet  which  runs  below  it 
is  there  called  Stratford,  and  confequently  implies  a  ftrect  to  have 
led    over  it  to  this  camp,   which,  I  fuppofe,     came  up  to  the 
paffage  or  gate  into  it  at  the  South-Eaft  angle,  where  the  declivity 
before-mentioned  carries  you  down  to  the  M'atcr,  and  over  againft. 
which  a  hollow  way,  a  little  to  the  right  hand,  but  now  overgrown 
with  grafs,  leads  you  up  between  two  hills  into  the  country.      If 
it  had  not  been  a  camp  deligned  and  continued  for  niany  years- 
fervice,  the  makers  of  it  would  never  have  been  at  the  expence 
and  pains  of  throwing  up  fuch  prodigious  v/orks,  nor  have  had 
time  to  perfeift  them ;   I  mean  on  the  Weft  and  North  fides,  the 
Eaft  andSouth  being  chiefly  formed  and  fortified  by  nature,  nor  to 
have  cut  the  way  down  to  the  rivulet,  a  work  not  efFecfted  without  im- 
menfe  labour  and  difficulty.   All  that  flicks  with  me  is,  that  notwith- 
ftanding  the  long  plowing,  hedging,  and  ditching  in  it,  it  being 
now  all  parcelled  into  fmall  fields,  there  have  no  Roman  antiqui- 
ties of  any  fort  ever  been  turned  up  within  its  circumference  or 
neighbourhood,   though  that  people,  wherever  they  came,    left 
large  memorials  behind  them  of  their  refidence. 

You  will  pardon  the  length  and  trouble  of  this,  fince  it  was^ 
principally  written  to  fliew  what  a  regard  I  have  to  any  thing  I'e- 
commended  by  you.  It  will  yet  be  above  a  fortnight  before  I 
fee  London,  and  by  that  time  a  great  many  things  and  circum- . 
ftances  which  are  now  frefli  in  my  memory  might  give  me  the 
flip,  and  I  am  fure  you  would  demand  a  particular  account  of  it, 
when  I  told  you  I  had  been  there.  I  am,  Sir,  your  moft  humble 
fervant,  R,  Gale^ 

xxiy. 


iz6  MR.    ELLA    TO    DR.     S  T  U  K  E  L  E  Y. 

XXIV. 

Account  of  Agclocuniy  or  Littlebury,   in  Lincolnfliire,  in  a  letter 
from  Mr.  Ella  ""  to  Dr.  Stukeley. 
Sir,  April  3,  .7.3. 

The  honour  of  yours  I  received  tlie  other  day,  and  am  not  a 
little  pleafed  with  the  hopes  of  feeing  our  accounts  of  the  Roman 
antiquities  in  Britain  further  improved  by  proper  draughts  of  the 
places  of  their  ftations  and  remains,  and  what  recent  obfervations 
may  be  added  to  thofe  of  the  great  Camden  and  Gale,  and  to  have 
this  work  fall  into  fo  able  a  hand;  and  I  could  wifli  it  was  in  my 
power  to  contribute  any  thing  of  moment  to  fo  entertaining  a  piece 
of  learning;  but,  though  my  inclinations  have  always  leaned 
llrongly  that  way,  yet  the  circumilances  of  my  life  and  my  affairs 
would  never  allow  me  liberty  of  fatisfying  my  curiofity. 

This  ftation  indeed  oi Agelocum^  \\i-3M^\i&^w  in  the  neir,-i 
bourhood  of  thefe  eight  or  nine  years,  and  the  defire  of  procur- 
ing fome  of  the  Roman  coins  has  fometimes  led  me  thither ;  and 
this  place  has  afforded  no  fmall  quantities  of  them  about  40  or 
50  years  ago,  when  the  prefent  inclofures  between  the  town  and 
the  bridge  were  tilled;  and  coins  are  frequently  found  at  this 
time,  but  moft  of  them  inconfiderable  pieces  of  the  Lower  Empire, 
and  generally  fo  covered  with  ruft  as  to  be  of  little  ufe  for  the 
cabinet,  for  I  have  never  heard  of  any  Thecoe  Nummariae  being 
met  with,  where  one  might  hope  to  have  found  them  better  pre- 
fcrved.  Now  and  then  appears  a  coin  of  the  Upper  Empire,  and 
the  larger  lize,  as  Nerol,  Vefpafian,  Trajan,  Hadrian,  and  I  have 
a  very  fair  medalion  of  Trajan's  1|  found  here,  flruck  upon  that 
emperor's  building  the  famous  mole  at  Ancona  in  Italy,  of  which 

*  Vicar  of  Rampton,  near  Littlebury. 

f  See  Stiikeley's  Itin.  Cur.  L  p.  88.  where  pi.  Ixxxvii.  is  a  plan  of  this  ftation. 
i  Mr.  R.  Gale  gave  Dr.  Stukeley  a  coin  of  Domitian  of  the  large  copper  found  here. 
II  1  gave  the  piece  to  Mr.  Thorefby  of  Leeds.     See  it  and  the  others  dcfcribed  in  Stukeley 's  Itin, 
ubi  fup. 

^  it 


MR.     E  LL  A     TO     D  R.     ST  UKE  L  E  Y.  127 

it  carries  the  e6lypc  on  itsreverfe.  Another  of  Hadrian's,  whh. 
Britannia  upon  the  reverfe,  fitting  with  a  lliield  at  her  foot,  a  fpear 
in  her  left  hand,  and  a  laurel  in  her  right;  it  is  the  coin  N"  323, 
in  Tiiorefby's  Ducatus  Leodienfis.  Thefe  two  are  the  moft  valu- 
able coins  that  have  fallen  into  my  hands.  Otliers  I  have  feen,  of 
Vefpalian,  Domitian,  Marcus  Aurelius,  &c.  and  great  numbers  of 
Conftantine,  Conilanlius,  Crifpus,  the  Tetrici,  Caraufius,  and 
Alle6tus,  of  rhe  liiiall  copper.  There  are  found,  but  very  rarely, 
Roman  fignets  of  agate  and  cornelian  :  one  of  the  faireft  and 
largeil:  I  ever  faw  was  found  at  this  place  ;  I  thought  it  fo  valu- 
able as  to  beiiow  the  fetting  upon  it,  but  the  workman  did  it  fo 
flightly  that  to  my  great  regret  it  dropt  out  I  know  not  when,. and 
was  loft.  The  engraving  was  well  performed,  and  the  polifli, 
though  it  muft  have  lain  1300  years  at  leaft  in  the  foil,  much  ex- 
ceeded any  thing  1  have  feen  of  Englifh  workmanftiip.  Frag- 
ments of  the  fineft  coral  coloured  urns*  are  frequently  difco- 
Ycred,  and  fome  with  curious  work  in  baffb-relievo  upon  them, 
and  the  workman's  name  generally-impreffed  with  extant  letters 
at  the  infide  of  the  bottom.  I  have  in  my  hands  the  fragments  of 
fome  urns  and  veiTels,  and  one  which  is  the  largeft  part  of  a 
Roman  Difcus,  or  facrificing  platter ;  another  which  feems  to  be  a 
cover  ;  but  I  never  had  the  good  fortune  to  meet  with  any  urn  or 
veffel  entire,  nor  heard  of  any,  except  one  of  a  fingular  make 
with  an  emperor's  head  embolfed  upon  it,  the  fame  Vvith  that 
which  Dr.  Gale  has  given  us  the  figure  of,  found  at  Yorkt. 
The  urns  or  veffel s  are  moft  of  them  of  this  coral  colour, 
and  but  few  of  the  coarfe  grey  fort  which  are  met  with  in 
other  places;  tho'  we  might  have  expected  great  numbers  of 
this  coarfe  fort,   this  ftation  being  within  a  few  miles  of  one  of 

*  In  1701,  as  T  was  ferrying  over  the  Trent  at  Littlebury  into  Nottinghamniire,  I  obferved  .'a 
the  oppolite  bank  v/aflied  away  by  the  water  one  of  thefe  coralline  urns ;  ]  pulled  it  oat,  but  it  was 
broken  in  pieces  ;  as  it  flood  it  had  bones  in  it,  and  the  coin  of  Domitian  before -mentioned, 

f  Gale's  It.  Anton,  p.  23. 


i:8  MR.     ELLA    TO    DR.    STUKELEY. 

the  moft  noted  potteries  in   this  illand,  Santon  near  Brigg,  in 
Lincohilliire,  where  thele  were  made.   (Phil.  Coll.  N.  4.  p.  88.) 
Tefleraic    work,    luch   as   is    frequently    difcovered  in   Roman 
ftations,  as  at  Ifurium  in  particular,   I  have  met  with  none,  nor  is 
there  any  traditionary  account  of  any  fuch  among  the  inhabitants. 
Infcriptions  I  have  feen  none,  for  thofe  on  the  two  Roman  altars 
which  were  found  here  in  1 7  1 8,  and  now  placed  on  each  fide  the 
fteps  as  you  afcend  to  the  inn  from  the  ferry,  are  not  vifible :  I 
do  not   doubt  but  you  made  fome  remarks  upon  them.      The 
one  appears  to  be  a  facrificing  altar,  from  the  Difcus  on  the  top ; 
the  mouldings  are  all  entire  and  clean  as  if  new  cut,  yet  no  infcrip- 
tion  in  the  field,  tho'  it  is  very  fmooth  and  plain.      I  was  in  great 
hopes  when  I  firft  heard  of  their  being  difcovered,  to  have  met 
with  fomething  inflru<Slive  from  them,  but  found  myfelf  difap- 
pointed,   and  could  not  forbear  exclaiming  againft  the  malicious 
hand  that  cut  and  poliflied  out  the  infcription ;   for  I  cannot  but 
think  it  was  erafed  upon  fome  revolution  of  the  Roman  affairs  in  this 
part  of  Britain,  becaufe  the  plain  where  the  infcription  was  is  very 
fmooth,  and  there  are  ftill  thefe  letters  very  legible — lis.  aram. 
DD.    The  other  I  take  to  be  monumental.    They  were  found  both 
together  in  digging  a  fand-pit ;   the  ftone  is  of  that  courfe  gritt 
which  Dr.  Lifter  has  obferved  to  be  made  ufe  of  for  all  the  Ro- 
man altars  he  had  met  with.      Thefe,  and  other  remains  of  the 
Romans,  are  fufficient  evidence  of  its  being  a  confiderable  ftation 
of  theirs,  and  made  ufe  of  as  a  ferry,  to  convey  their  forces  to  their 
Northern  garrifons  at  Danum,  Legeolium,  Calcaria,  8cc.  probably 
as  early  as  the  time  of  Nero,    if  his  coins  which  are  found  here 
can  be  any  evidence,   and  continued   fo  down  as  low  as  Gratian 
without  interruption;   fori  have  feen  here  a  great  many  Imperial  " 
coins  between  Nero  and  Gratian  ;   and  if  we  do  not  allow  the 
meeting  with  Nero's  coins  to  be  a  fufficient  proof  of  its  being  a 

Roman 


MR.    ELLA    TO    DR.    STUKELEY. 

Roman  ftation  at  that  time,  yet  what  Mr.  Gale  has  told  us  of  his 
finding  an  urn-   here  with  a  coin  of  Domitian  inclofed  (1701) 
will  prove  it  to  have  been  in  the  Roman  hands  at  that  time,  and  a 
ftation  not  above  27  years  after  Nero's  time;   for,  I  think,  it  is  the 
opinion  of  the  antiquaries,  that  where  a  coin  is  found  inclofed  in 
an  urn  with  the  allies,  it  is  of  the  emperor  reigning  at  the  death 
of  the  perfon,   as   feveral  urns  found  in  Spittle-fields,  London, 
A.  D.    1576,  had  each  a  coin  of  the  emperor  then  in  being  in- 
clofed with  the  allies :   however,    we   mull:  allow  it  as  old  as  the 
Antonines;   the  nvimber  of  urns  will  juftify  us  in  this  opinion, 
fince  urn-burial  was  laid  afide  and  prohibited  in  the  time  of  An- 
toninus Philofophus,  and  I  cannot  but  look  upon  the  former  evi- 
dence of  coins  to  be  fufficient  to  raife  its  antiquity  confiderably 
higher,  and  near  the  time  of  Nero;   but   thefe  confiderations  I 
leave  to  perfons  more  verfed  in  the  itudy  of  antiquity  than  my- 
felf ;    I  only  take  the  liberty  of  conjedture,  which  I  obferve  m.oft 
authors  make  ufe  of  upon  the  fame  fubjecft.      The  Romans  feem 
to  have  had  a  fummer  camp  on  the  hill  upon  the  Eaft  fide  of  the 
river,  as  Dr.  Gale  obferves,  Anton.  Itin.  p.  96.  and  I  have  had 
accounts  of  their  coins  being  frequently  found  there,   tho'  time 
and  tilling  the  foil  has  deftroyed  all  the  remains  of  fuch  a  camp; 
yet  the  commodioufnefs  of  fj  advanced  a  fituation  for  their  ex- 
plorations, would  be  an  inducement  to  believe  they  could  not  well 
negledl  that  advantage.      It  is  a  notion  flill  among  the  inhabitants, 
that  the  town  of  the   Romans  extended   farther  Eaft  than    the 
prefent  does,  and  poiTefled  fome  part  of  the  channel  of  the  river; 
and  their  coins  are  often  found  upon  the  very  edge  of  the  river, 
after  its  loweft  retreat  in  drieft  feafons,  upon  the  withdrawing  of 
the  tide. 

I  have  here  given  you  the  legends  or  infcrrptions  of  what  coins 
I  have  at  prefent  in  my  hands,  found  at  this  place ;  as  to  the  lio- 

*  Comment,  in  Anton,  Itin,  p,  36. 

S  nour 


127 


rjo  M  R.    E  L  L  A    T  O    D  R.    S  T  U  K  E  L  E  Y. 

nour  you  defign  to  do  me  by  infcribing  the  plate  you  intend  to  en- 
grave of  this  town,  if  you  pleafe,  it  will  not  be  difagreeable. 
Arms  I  have  none.  This  performance  of  yours  will  be  very  ac- 
ceptable to  the  curious  antiquary,  who  has  a  mind  to  entertain 
himfelf  with  furveying  Roman  ftations,  and  would  be  of  fmgular 
life  in  the  perufal  of  Dr.  Gale's  Comment  upon  Antoninus.  I 
am,  Sir,  with  the  greateft  refpe<51:,  your  molt  humble  fervant, 

William  Ella, 
Vicar  of  Rampton,  com.  Nottinghamiae. 

1.  IMP.  CAESAR  .VESPATiAxN.  AVG.  COS.  III.  Rcverfe,  All  eagle 
il:anding  upon  a  globe :  a  conlecration  medal  of  the  middle 
copper. 

2.  IMP.    CAES.   NERVAE.   TRAIANO.    AVG.^GERMAN.  DAC.  PM.  TRP. 

cos.  V.  P.      Reverfe,  The  Mole  of  Aneona,  spqr.  optimo  prin- 
cipi.   Large  copper. 

3.  imp.    CAES.  NER.  TRAIANO.  OPTIMO.  AVG.  GERM.  D.       ReVCrfc,. 

Fortune  fitting  with  a  Cornucopia  in  one  hand,  and  a  rudder  in 
the  other. — senatvs  popvlvsqve  romanvs.    Exergue,  fort. 

RED.   S.  C. 

4.  IMP.  CAES.  &c.  as  No.  1.  Reverfe,  An  image  fitting  upon 
armour,  a  fpear  in  its  left  hand,  and  Vidoriola  in  its  right 
hand.      spqr.  the  two  laft  of  the  large  copper. 

5.  IMP.  CAES.  traianvs  HA.  Rcvcrfe,  Britannia  fitting  with  a 
fhield  at  her  left  foot,  a  fpear  in  her  left  hand,  and  right  foot 
upon  a  rock.     Exergue,  Britannia,  s.  c. 

6.  AVRELivs  CAESAR  AVG.  Revcrfc,  COS.  II.  This  is  of  mixed 
metal  refembling  filver. 

7.  diva  faystina.     Reverfe,  pietas. 

8.  The  fame.     Reverfe,  vesta. 

9.  gallienvs  avg.     Reverfe,  lovi  statori. 

10,  imp. 


MR.    ELLA    TO    DR.    STUKELEY.  ,31 

10.  IMP,    PIVESV    TETRICVS    CAES.        RcVCrfe,     SPES.   AVG.        Tc- 

tricus  fenior. 

11.  IMP.  TETR.ICUS  AUG.  Revcrfc,  Fi  DES  MILITIA/.  Tctrlcus, 
fenior. 

12.  IMP.  C.  VICTORINVS   P.  F.   AVG.       RCVerfe,  SALVS  AVG. 

13.  IMP.  CARAVSIVS.  PF.   AVG.        Rcverfe,   MARS  VICTOR. 

14.  IMP.  ALLECTvs  p.  F.  AVG.  Revcric,  Navis  Pretoria  vir- 
Tvs  AVG.      Exergue,  Q.  4. 

15.  CONSTANTINVS   AUG.        RcVCrfe,    SOLI    INVICTO   COMITI. 

16.  The  fame.     Reverfe,  alemannia  devicta. 

17.  CONSTANTINVS  ivN.  NOB.  CAES.  Rcverfe,  The  front  of  a 
caftle,  PROViDENTiAE  CAEss.  On  the  Exergue,  s.  t.  p.  Sig- 
nata  Treviris  Pecunia. 

18.  The  fame.  Reverfe,  A  Roman  kiUing  an  enemy,  felix 
temp,  reparatio. 

19.  Five  more,  the  fame.  Reverfe,  A  foldier,  two  enfigns; 
fometimes  one  enfign,  and  fometimes  the  pearl  diadem  betwixt 
the  two  enfigns,  gloria  exercitvs. 

20.  More  of  this  emperor  when  called  avgvstvs, 

21.  Another. — Reverfe,  beata  tranqvillitas,  an  altar  in- 
fcribed  votis  xx. 

2  2.   Another  of  Conftantine  the  Great,  with  the  fame  reverfe. 

23.  Another,  with  a  Corona  Civica,  and  in  it,  vot.  xx. 

24.  CRispvs  NOB.  CAES.  Reverfc,  aLabarum  infcribed  vot.  xx. 
with  two  captives  on  the  ground. 

25.  Several  coins  ftruck  about  Conftantine's  time,  with  a  juvenile 
head  having  a  helmet  on,  and  infcribed  vrbs  roinia,  with  Ro- 
mulus and  Remus,  and  the  wolf. 

26.  Others  of  the  fame  age,  with  a  juvenile  head,  and  round  it 
coNSTANTiNOPOLis,  with  a  wiiiged  Geniuson  the  reverfe,  hav- 
ing a  fpear  in  one  hand,  and  a  fliield  refting  at  its  foot  in  the 
other. 

Sa  XXV. 


132 


M  R.    R  O  B I  N  S  O  N    T  O    M  R.    R.    G  A  L  E= 

XXV. 

Letter  from  Thomas  Robinson,  Efq.  of  Pickering  in  Yorkiliire, 
to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  concering  Wade's  Caufeway,  and  other  Anti- 
quities. 

_  oft.  ic,  1724-. 

SlR, 

1  hope  the  criticifing  on  the  learned  Dodlor's  way  of  writing  wilt 
be  foon  over.  It  is  agreeable  news,  that  he  has  made  fo  good  a 
progrefs  North  of  Trent,  and  defigns  alfo  a  review.  We  build 
upon  many  vifits  of  yours  into  thefe  parts,  country  ones  too  in  our 
phrafe,  when  we  fhall  not  lofe  you  fo  foon,  and  then  the  Antonine 
roads  to  have  new  honours  done  them. 

I  have  applied  to  my  friend,  and  it  is  owned  that  the  road  from- 
York  to  Sinus  Dunusdoesnot  lead  to  any  Antonine  flation ;  but,  as 
your  curiofity  continues,  the  following  hints  perhaps  may  not  be 
too  tedious. 

The  moft  diftinguifliable  of  Mr.  Warburton's  military  roads, 
here  thatl  have  met  with,  is  now  commonly  called  Wade's  Caufe- 
way; and,  the  tradition  is,  that  Duke  Wada  of  whom  the  Britannia 
is  not  filent,  was  the  ereitor;  but  this  feems  not  to  need  a  con- 
futation. I  was  furprifed  when  I  firft  met  wuth  it,  dirtant  about 
two  miles  from  any  town  or  dwelling,  of  the  common  ftone  of  the 
country,  fit  enough  for  the  purpofe,  in  a  black,  fpringy,  rotten 
moor,  which  continues  about  fix  miles  to  near  the  Sinus. 

The  difpofition  of  the  ftone  is  to  the  beft  advantage  imaginable 
in  it.  In  view  of  it  are  many  Tumuli,  probably  the  burying 
places  of  the  great,  in  the  following  ages.  One  in  view  is  called 
Blackay-topping,  on  this  More  commonly  of  that  praenomen, 
which,  according  to  the  learned  Dodor's  defcription  in  his  Itin. 
Curiof.  p.  128,  may  well  be  called  King's-barrow  here. 

Among 


MR.    ROBINSON     TO    MR.    R.    GALE. 

Among  many  traces  of  camps  near  this  remain,  very  many  for 
the  compafs  of  ground,  one  is  near  to  its  entrance  of  the  More 
from  York,  called  Cauthorn-Burroughs,  not  unlike  the  camp  at 
Ardoch,  under  the  title  Thule  in  Camden's  Britannia.  Witiiin 
a  few  miles,  upon  the  edge  of  this  More,  are  two  tracks  of  trenches 
which  may  be  well  titled  vait,  as  p.  155  of  the  Dodor's  Itincrar) . 
Thefe  camos  are  near  one  to  another  too,  and  a  third  alfo  not  above 
two  miles  diilant  ftrangely  large.  We  have  indeed  no  name  of 
caftle  near  them,  but  as  they  are  in  the  finell  fcite  of  our  fneep- 
walks  next  Blakay-More,  mere  Dorfetlliire  Downs  next  their 
Blackmore  Foreft  ;  the  Dodor's  quotation  fuits  them  not  ill, 

Hinc  aura  dukes ^  bine  fuavis  Jpiritus  agri. 
Thefe  are  about  the  like  diftance  from  the  fea  too  as  the  other, 
have  no  names  but  that  of  Dykes  heard  of,  and  chiefly  lie  about 
Swainton  in  this  hundred. 

But  now,  though  the  found  of  Caftle  is  not  heard  of  near  here, 
nearer  to  the  Caufeway's  remain  is  a  Caltlegarth,  fcited  fufficiently 
well  for  (trength  at  Cropton  near  Cauthorn,  named  before.  It  and 
its  large  Barrows  are  mentioned  in  the  Foreft  Iters  of  Pickering, 
but  when  its  erecflion  was  is  not  found,  though  thoie  of  others- 
which  are  of  note  at  prefent,  between  the  Yorklhire  coafts  and  its 
city  are  known,  unlefs  that  of  Pickering,  lying  in  the  midway  from 
York  to  Whitby,  and  about  four  miles  from  this  Caufeway's  re- 
mains: only  another  Caftlegarth,  about  nine  miles  from  the  re- 
main in  the  fame  road,  has  its  ruins  left  from  the  foil  and  name 
of  it,  of  which  Camden's  vouchers  in  the  Cotton  library  make 
mention  before  the  Conqueit.  However,  near  this  Blakay  More  we 
have  remains  of  Roman  gates  and  walls,  according  to  the  Docftor,. 
p.  78. 

A  little  within  Blakay  More,  about  three  miles  from  the  Caufe- 
way's remain,  are  two  ftones  about  feven  yards  diftant  from  each. 
other,  of  about  ao  feet  high,  and  half  the  breadth  each  uay,  which 
muft  have  been  fetched  fome  miles,  and  are  of  the  gritty  mill-flone 

fort; 


n 


134  MR.     ROBINS  ON     TO     iM  R.    R.     GALE, 

fort;  they  muft  have  come  through  wet  rotten  roads,  but  they 
have  a  Ibtter  name  than  thole  you  note  near  Bvirrowbridge,  and 
between  Cunetio  and  Spinae  in  the  Itinerary,  viz,  the  Bride-ftones; 
the  rationale  is  recommehded  to  yourfelf. 

If  you  would  pleafe  to  have  any  of  thefe  points  explained,  your 
commands  would  be  the  higheft  pleafure,  &:c. 

Thomas  Robinson. 

Whitby  had  a  Pharos  according  to  Bede,  and  Camden  gueffes 
the  like  at  Flamborough,  nor  is  it  correiled  in  the  new  edition. 

Praetorium,  according  to  the  Do6tor,  p.  ii8,  muft  probably 
have  been  another;  the  Burgh  of  Scarburgh  was  granted  in 
Henry  the  Second's  reign  by  him. 

,  XXXVI. 

'  Tombs  and  arms  in  West  Tanfield  church,  Yorkfliire. 

On  an  ancient  tomb*  on  the  North  fide.  i.  3  annulets  or 
roundels.  1.  Marmion\  fee  Plate  IV.  fig.  8.  '^.GreyofRotherfeld. 
fig.  9.      4.  Defpenfer.   fig.  10. 

On  another  in  the  fame  place,  a  knight  in  armour  crofs-legged; 
and  two  more  ancient  tombs  on  the  fame  fide,  without  arms  or  in- 
fcription. 

In  the  fame  aifle,  a  fine  alabafter  tomb  •with  the  efEgies  of  a 
large  man  in  armour  t,  and  a  woman  lying  by  him  upon  it,  with 
iron-w  ork  over  it ;  no  arms  or  infcription  :  all  thefe  belonging  to 
the  family  of  the  Marmions. 

In  the  South  window,  Marmion^  fig.  1 1.  and  St.  ^intin^  fig.  1 2. 

In  another  South  window,  a  man  kneeling  in  a  furcoat,  with 
the  arms  of  Marmion^  and  over  his  head, 

Prie  p\  Johan  Marmyon  chivar. 

*  This  was  probably  the  tomb  of  John  Grey  of  Rotherfield,  who  married  the  heirefs  of  Jilar- 
mioii. 

-j-  Probably  John  lord  Marminn,  who  built  the  caftle  of  Tanfield  in  the  reign  of  Edward  II. 
orof  his  fon  John  lord  Maroiion,  whofe  widow  Maud,  daughter  of  the  lord  Furnival,  founded  a 
chantry  in  this  church. 

A  In 


M  R.    N.     SALMON     TO    M  R.    R.    GAL  E.  135 

In  one  of  the  chancel  windows,  Fitzbugb,  fig.  13. 

On  a  brafs  plate  on  an  ancient  grave-ftone  in  the  chancel  ; 

Dum  vixit  ReBor  de  "Tanjkld  nomine  T'bomas 

Sutton^  en  jacet  bic,  Graduatus  et  ille  Magifler 

jlrtibus,  ac  etiam  Canoyiicus  bicque  IVeJlcbeJhr^ 

Sic  Norton  ViSior^  fundite  vota  pro  me. 

R.   G. 

XXVIL 

Letter  from  Mr.  N.  Salmon  to  Mr.  R..  Gale,  relating  to  the  fixing: 
of  feveral  Roman  Stations  in  Hertfordlhire. 
Sir,  Ap,ii>7,  .7^5- 

I  mult  afk  pardon  for  the  freedom  I  take  of  giving  you  this 
trouble,  not  having  the  honour  of  an  acquaintance  to  introduce 
rae. 

I  have  been  for  fome  time  colle(5lmg  the  antiquities  and  curi- 
ofities  of  Hertfordfliire,  in  which  Mr.  Willis  has  been  fo  kind  as 
tofurnifli  me  with  fome  materials;  if  any  other.  Sir,  have  fallen 
in  your  way  befides  thofe  in  Antonine's  Itinerary,  I  would  beg  the 
favour  of  your  infi:ru6lions.  One  or  two  conjedures  I  beg  leave 
to  propofe  to  you. 

Camden  having  a  mind  to  make  Afiiwell  Magiovintum^  put  me- 
upon  trying  if  I  could  make  it  a  ftation  by  another  intermediate 
ftation  from  hadiorodum^  and  keep  pretty  near  to  the  number  of 
miles.  Sandy  then  will  be  19  fmall  miles  (according  to  the  belt 
of  my  remembrance)  the  computation  being  made  from  Stoney- 
Stratford.  And  if  Sandy  may  be  allowed,  to  be  Magiov.intum, 
thence  to  Afiiwell  will  be  but  8,  if  we  could  make  Afiiwell  Diiro- 
cobrivcE\  but  if  for  a  plain  road  we  go  firit  to  Baldock,  and  then 
turn  into  the  Icknal-way,  it  will  be  i  2  fmall  miles;  whether  that 
be  ufual,  you  are  the  beft  judge. 

The 


iq6  MR.    N.    SALMON     TO    MR.    R.    GALE. 


o 


The  etymology  from  the  Britifli  Dour  and  Cyfre^  Concurrence, 
agrees  well  with  the  many  fprings  that  buril  out  of  a  rock  here  in 
great  plenty,  and  foon  join;  there  is  alfo  a ftone  quarry  here,  from 
which  moft  of  the  churches  in  the  county  feem  to  have  been 
built;  can  the  other  part  of  the  compound  with  Duro  fignify  any 
fuch  thing?  Hence  then  would  be  inftead  of  xii  miles  to  Veru- 
1am  XXI,  if  fuch  a  fault  were  in  the  tranfcribers. 

But  I  am  rather  apt  to  believe,  if  I  may  indulge  my  guefles, 
which  I  am  far  from  infifting  on  without  better  authority.  Ma- 
giovintum  may  be  Sandy  in  Bedfordfliire,  and  Durocobriva.  Dun- 
Itable.  Sandy  was  a  large  camp  and  conliderable  place,  and 
coins  and  urns  are  daily  found  there.  So  from  Sandy  to  Dunfta- 
ble,  according  to  the  befl  of  my  remembrance,  would  be  1 5 
Roman  miles,  and  then  to  Verulam  \^.  This  would  fave  Anto- 
ninus's  sxjpo'nYjf  ^nd  Dour  ^qtm,  and  Cy/r^,  Concurrence,  will  an- 
fwer  at  Dunftable,  to  the  confluence  of  waters  from  the  hills, 
which  fall  into  four  great  ponds  in  the  town,  and  ferve  the  inha- 
bitants, who,  according  to  Camden,  have  no  fprings. 

Hartford  feems  to  be  derived  from  a  hart  in  the  ford,  accord- 
ing to  their  arms;  there  are  no  red  banks  near  it  any  more  than 
at  Redborn. 

The  above  Afliwell  is  a  fmall  inconfiderable  place  in  compa- 
rifon  of  Sandy,  not  containing,  as  I  remember,  above  7  acres  of 
ground,  and  was  therefore  probably  but  a  camp  of  the  Explora- 
tores :  fuch  another  there  is  with  banks  about  it  like  the  laft, 
about  four  or  five  miles  from  thence  upon  Ickenild-way,  upon 
Wilbery-hills  near  Ickleford,  through  the  middle  of  which  camp 
Jckenild- way  goes.  In  both  thefe  Roman  coins  are  found,  though 
but  few  in  that  of  Wilbery.  Whence  they  have  the  name  of 
Eery  I  do  not  know,  but  the  country  people  call  the  other  Alhwell 
Arbery  banks, 

Camden 


MR.    R.    GALE    TO    MR.     SALMON.  137 

Camden  calls  Sandy  Camp,  or  Chefterfield,  Salena^  and  would 
fpell  ir  Salndy  ;    but  this  is  a  way  of  writing  it  I  never  heard  of. 

I  prefume,  Sir,  upon  your  great  humanity  to  pardon  this,  and 
tofet  me  right  in  the  affair  ;    and  am,  Sir,  your  moft  humble  fcr 
vant,  Nat.   Salmon. 


XXVllL 
Mr.  R.  Gale's  anfwer  to  the  preceding  letter. 

Sir,  ^'^'''  '-'■'  ■'- 

I  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  yours,  dated  the  17th,  in  due 
time;  but  having  had  fome  bufinefs  extraordinary  upon  my  hand-; 
all  the  week,  I  could  not  poflibly  give  an  anfwer  to  it  till  this 
poll,  which  I  hope  you  will  therefore  excufc  for  the  delay  it  ha:> 
made. 

I  am  very  glad  Vv'e  are  like  to  have  fbme  farther  improve- 
ments in  the  Hiftory  of  Hertfordlliire,  and  heartily  wifli  it  was  iii 
my  power  to  promote  it  more  than  I  find  myfelf  in  a  capacity  of 
doing,  having  no  materials  or  colleiftions  by  me  for  that  purpofe, 
nor  time  to  follow  thole  ftudies  fo  much  as  my  inclinations  prompt 
me  to.  I  fliall  only  therefore  do  my  endeavour  to  anfwer  the 
contents  of  yours  as  well  as  I  am  able  ;  and  if  my  opinion  proves 
the  fame,  in  regard  to  the  places  you  mentioned,  as  formerly,  you 
will  pardon  my  ftill  differing  from  your  conjecture,  lince  every 
body  has  a  right  to  think  as  he  pleafes  in  thefe  amufcments. 

I  fliall  in  the  firft  j^lace  obferve  to  you,  that  the  Second  Iter  of 
Antoninus  keeps  clofe  to  the  Watling-flreet,  all  along  from  Can- 
terbury to  Weft  Chefter,  except  where  it  makes  one  Diverticulum 
to  take  in  Durocobriva^  which  I  fuppofe  to  be  Hertford,  and  which 
is  going  but  a  fmall  ll:ep  out  of  the  way,  and  returning  imme- 
diately again  into  it  at  Verulam ;  whereas  the  going  off  from   it 

T  at 


13S  MR.    R.    GALE    TO    MR.    SALMON. 

at  Laclorodum  (which  in  truth  is  Old  Stratford,  a  mile  to  the  Weft 
of  Stony  Stratford)  firft  to  Sandy,  and  then  to  AQiwell,  would  be 
a  leaving  of  that  ftreet  for  24  miles  together,   and  feems  contrary 
to  the  intent  of  that  journey.     If  M'e  place  Bemiavemia  at  Caftle- 
dykes  or  Heyford,  either  of  them  a  mile  on  this  fide  Weedon,  and 
at  both  of  which  feveral  Roman  remains  have  been  difcovered,  the 
diftances  w-ill  be  as  follows,  viz.  i'co'cvi  Bennavenna\o  ha^orodum 
(Old  Stratford)    xii  miles;    thence   to  Magiovinium  (Dunllable) 
XVI  milesy  as  they  are  numbered  in  the  Sixth  Iter,  and  confirmed 
again  in  the  Eighth,  in  which  though  Lathrodum  is  omitted,  the 
numbers  betwixt  Benfievonna  ov  Bernevantum,  and  Magiovinium, 
are  xxviii.      Thence  to  Durocol^riva  (Flertford)  xviii,  which  in- 
deed exceed  the  number  in  the  Itinerary;   but  all  the  reft  agree 
very  well,  as  will  alfo  the  number  xii  betw^een  Hertford  and  Ve- 
rulam  ;   to  which  I  may  add,  that  the  number  xii  will  not  fit  any 
Roman  tow^n  that  we  know  of  next  from  Dun ftable,  except  Ve- 
rulam,  but  all  the  world  know^  v^^here  that  place  ftood,  and  the 
Itinerary  gives  us  Durocobrivce  no  lefs  than  three  times  between 
that  and  Magiovinium.     If  you  make  Aftiwell  to  he  DwocobriviVy 
and  Sandy  Magiovinium,  the  intermediate  numbers  will  by  no 
means  agree  Mith  Antoninus ;   befi-des  which,   the  diftance  from 
Aftiwell  {Dicrocohriva)  to  Verolamirim  will  be   at  leaft  xxi  Ro- 
man miles,  for  by  fach  I  all  along  reckon.      No  doubt  the  num- 
bers in  the  itinerary  are  frequently  corrupted;    but  I  think  we 
iliould  keep  clofely  to  them  every  where,  where  there  does  not  ap- 
pear a  manifeft  reafon  for  departing  from  them,  fince  we  cannot 
be  certain  where  they  are  truly  and  where  they  are  falfely  tran- 
fcribed,  and  no  conjedures  ftiould  be  admitted  for  altering  them, 
tinlefs  fupported  by  good  arguments. 

But,  Sir,  as  you  think  Sandy  has  a  better  title  to  the  name  of 
Magioviniwn  tlian  Dunftable,  I  will  come  now  to  that,  and  obferve 

that 


MR.     R.     GALE    TO     MR,     SALMON.  rj? 

that  the  diftance  from  LaBorodum  (Old  Stratford) is  xx  miles toSan- 
<ly,  four  more  than  are  allowed  by  the  Itinerary;  a-iid  from  Sandy  to 
Dunflable,  as  you  rightly  reckon,  fifteen,  fo  that  the  dilhince  will 
not  corrcfpond  with  Antonine's  on  one  fide  or  the  other.  Befidcs, 
if  Sandy  was  Magiov/niwn,  where  fliall  we  look  for  SalencV,  which 
Ptolemy  makes  one  of  the  two  cities  of  the  Catieuchiani,  Veralaai 
being  the  other?  Sandy  without  doubt  retains  much  oi  Sakuct  ; 
and  all  other  names  of  towns  among  thefe  people  feem  pretty 
well  fixed,  except  the  old  name  of  Afiiw^ll,  which  is  a  fmall  in- 
confiderable  place,  as  you  juflily  remark,  and  rather  a  camp  of  the 
Expioratores  than  a  city. 

As  for  the  name  Magiovinhwi^  it  is  natural  and  eafy  to  derive  it 
from  the  Eritifii  Maesgzi^m^  or,  as  Mr.  Baxter  has  it,  in  the  plural 
Magion  uinion,  Cajnpi  Candidi,  than  which  nothing  can  come 
nearerer  to  Magioviniimi^  nor  agree  better  with  the  fituation  of 
the  place  as  to  the  chalky  foil  about  it,  which  cannot  be  faid  if 
•we  place  it  at  Sandy. 

The  etymology  of  Durocobriva  I  really  take  to  come  from  the 
Britilli  Dw^ion  Cyfred,  aquarum  concurfus,  and  leave  it  to  your 
judgement  if  it  is  not  more  probable  that  a  towai  fliould  be  called 
from  the  conflux  of  feveral  rivers,  as  at  Hertford,  than  from  the 
wafli  of  the  neighbouring  hills  into  fome  ponds,  as  at  Dunflable  ? 
Bede's  Hertford,  however,  'if  we  read  it,  as  we  very  w^ell  may, 
Jjpucpojit),  may  be  interpreted  Rubrum  Vadum;  but  as  his  Royal 
Paraphraft  has  tranflated  it  J?eoprj:op&,  it  is  plain,  that  even  fo  early 
as  his  days,  it  was  to  be  underftood  Vadum  Cervinum,  and  fo  I 
give  it  up,  only  taking  notice,  that  this  towai's  having  a  hart  for 
its  coat  of  arms  is  but  a  flender  argument  for  the  antiquity  of  the 
name  of  Hartford,  this  being  no  more  than  a  rebus  taken  from  its 
modern  appellation  many  hundred  years  after  it  had  got  the  name 
of  ]3eopt:po])t>, 

T   2  There 


I40  M  R.     R.     G  A  L  E     T O    M R.     S  A  L  M  ON. 

There  is  no  word  in  the  Britilli  language  fignifying  a  rock,  a 
ftone,  or  a  quarry,  that  can  have  any  analogy  with  the  latter  part 
of  Durocobriva^  a  rock  being  called  in  it  Craig,  Chgivyir,  a  ftone, 
Maeriy  Carreg,  Llecken,  Llechvaen:,  a  quarry,  Ckddiwig,  Clodd 
yi3r^<?rr/^  from  any  of  which,  I  believe  it  will  be  impoffible  for 
the  hardieft  etymologift  to  form  the  leaft  found  of  Cobrivt:^. 

The  termination  of  the  names  of  places  in  Bery  is  either  from 
the  Saxon  Bepj,  a  hill ;  or  Bupij,  a  city  or  walled  town ;  which  is 
the  fame  as  Burgus  or  borough,  and  they  are  often  confounded 
one  with  the  other.  Bery  lignifies  alfo  a  manor,  in  which  fenfe  I 
know  no  county  that  ufes  it  fo  frequently  as  Hertfordflure;  but 
at  Wilbery  I  take  it  to  fignify  a  hill,  though  the  place  is  called 
Wilbery  Hills,  fucli  tautologies  being  not  unufual,  by  reafon  of 
the  country  people's  not  underftanding  the  import  of  the  old 
word,  of  which  I  could  give  you  many  examples,  but  fear  I  have- 
been  too  long  already. 

It  will  be  a  great  pleafure  to  me  if  thefe  hafty  remarks  that  I 
have  put  together  may  give  you  any  fatisfailion ;  I  hear.tily  wilh 
you  all  fuccefs  in  your  undertaking;  and  am,  Sir,  your  molt 
humble  fervant,  R.  Gale. 

The  skIpq-kyi   from  Old  Stratford  to  Sandy  will  be  little  leis  than. 
from  Dunftable  to  Hertford. 


XXIX. 


D  R.     S  T  U  K  E  L  E  Y     T  O    M  R.    il.     G  A  L  E. 

XXIX. 

Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  l\.  Gale,  about  Roman  Stations,  and  other 
Antiquities,  in  Lincolnfliirc,  and  Sir  liaac  Newton's  Chrono- 
logy. 

Dear  Sir,  M»rch  .4.  .7=7. 

Next  week,  1  fuppofe,  you  will  have  at  the  Royal  Society  my 
account  of  a  curious  Roman  pavement  lately  difcovcred  at  Denton, 
near  us.  I  fent  it,  and  part  of  it  drawn  m  colours,  to  Dr.  Rutty. 
We  hear  of  a  oreat  number  of  them  that  have  been  found  at  and 
about  Paunton  Magna,  \Yhich  I  fuppofe  to  be  Caufenytis  of  Anto-- 
ninus;  and  the  dillances  between  it  and  Lindum^  it  and  Durohri- 
v^,  evince,  the  Hermen  way  ail-along  accompanying,  Durobrk'O, 
ought  to  be  fixed  at  the  water  fide  of  the  river  Avon,  Anton,  or 
Nen,  where  is  a  great  remnant  of  a  City-'-  that  has  had  a  very  large 
ditch  about  it,  and  perhaps  a  wall,  and  where  the  Kermen-ftreet 
pafles  the  river.  This  I  take  to  have  originally  iprung  from  one 
of  the  forts  built  along  the  river  to  the  heads  of  it  and  the  Severn, 
as  Tacitus  informs  us,  by  Oilorius.  Dr.  Moreton,  in  his  Nor- 
thamptonfliire,  feems  to  write  well  on  that  fnbjecl.  Cailor,  tlie 
Roman  caftle,  was  not  Durobrivce^  being  a  mile  from  the  river.. 
If  Onna,  as  a  boggy  valley,  will  not  anfwer  for  Hunnington  and 
Ancaftert  fo  well  as  for  fraxinus,  we  need  be  under  no  concern, 
for  Ancafter  ftands  in  a  valley  abounding  with  ailies,  and  the 
whole  country  under  the  edges  of  the  heath  does  the  fame. 

Mr.  Conduit  has  fent  me  Sir  Ifaac  Newton's  Chronology,  I  do 
not  admire  his  contradfing  the  fpaces  of  time;  he  has  purfued 
that  fancy  too  far.  I  am  fatisfied  he  has  made  feveral  names  of 
different  perfons  one,  who  really  lived  many  ages  afunder.      He 

•*  Chefterton  near  Caftor. 

-|-  I  had   given   the  Dodor  my  opinion,  that  thefe  names  were  derived  from  Onnen.  Fraxinus,  . 
and  that  Onm  never  denoted  a  low  watery  place,  as  I  could  find,     R.  G. 

haiS 


M  Ps..    S  T  U  ^:  E  I.  E  Y    T  O    U  R.    R.    GALE. 

lias  come  pretty  near  my  ground-plot  of  the  Temple  of  Solomon, 
])ut  he  gives  lis  no  uprights.  lie  runs  into  the  common  error  of 
niaking  Seluc  and  Sefoftris  one  perfon,  with  Marfham,  and  many 
others:  the confequence  of  which  is,  that  the  .^.gyptians borrowed 
luxhite^lure  from  the  Jews,  when  i  am  fatisfied  all  architecture 
.was  originally  invented  by  the  ^Egyptians;  and  I  can  deduce  all 
the  members. and  particulars  of  it  from  their  facred  delineations, 
and  Vitruvius  himfelf  was  as  far  to  feek  in  the  origin  of  the  Co- 
rinthian capital,  and  other  matters  of  that  fort,  as  a  Campbell  or 
Gibbs  would  be.  I  judge  the  late  Bifliop  of  P'eterborough  (Cum- 
berland), in  his  two  pollhumous  pieces,  has  gone  further  in  reftor- 
ing  ancient  chronology. 

Well-thorp,  where  Sir  Ifaac  Newton  was  born,  is  a  hamlet  of 
Colrterworth.  Sir  Ifaac's  anceftors  are  buried  in  Colfterworth 
church.  "We  have  got  the  finelt  original  pidlure*'  of  Sir  Ifaac 
by  Knellcr,  at  Mr.  Newton  Smith's,  his  nephew,  at  Barrowby,  a 
mile  from  us.      I  am,   yours,  &c. 

"William  Stukeley, 

XXX. 

Mr.  RicHAP.D  Goodman  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  concerning  fome  Roman 
infcriptions  dug  up  near  Greatabridge  in  Yorkfliire. 

Sir,  Aug..7,.:.7. 

The  hurry  I  have  been  in  fince  I  came  home  has  prevented  me 
from  fending  you  hitherto  the  iaclofed.  The  figure  At  was  found 
in  a  very  lonely  fituation,  about  500  yards  beyond  Rookby  Eaft- 
ward.  The  buildings  Hood  on  the  South  fide  of  the  river  Tees, 
and  feem  to  me  to  have  been  a  Sacellum ;  there  is  yet  vifible  a 
foundation  of  a  fmall  oblong  flruilure,  another  that  lies  betwixt 
it  and  the  river,  and  is  for  the  fake  of  the  flones,  and  by  the  ra- 

*  Piirchafcd  in  1780  by  the  Duke  of  Rutland, 
.f  Engraved  in  plate  IV,  fig.  15. 

pidity 


MR.     GOODMAN    TO     MR.     R.    GALE.  143 

pidity  of  the  water  alraoft  quite  gone.  It  was  in  the  ruins  and 
the  liver's  courfe  this  W'as  found.  To  me  it  feems  to  have  heen 
an  altar  fully  fmilhed,  but  for  fome  reafons  lince  to  have  been  cut 
away,  fo  that  now  the  body  of  it  only  remains.  The  upper  part 
of  the  infcription  from  the  crofs  line  has  been  cut  off,  yet  fome 
part  of  the  letters  are  vifible,  but  fo  faint  that  I  could  not  draw 
them.  It  is  now  in  my  Lord  Carlifle's  old  hall  or  farm-houfe, 
the  eftate  in  which  it  was  found. 

The  river  Greata  parts  this  eftate  andRookby;  on  the  North' 
fide  of  both  Tees  and  Greata  join ;  and  on  the  Weft  fide  of  Rook- 
by  the  Roman  ftreet  very  near  makes  a  right  angle,  the  only  one 
I  have  feen  betwixt  Stamford  and  Netherby.  The  feveral  walls 
and  buildings  here  have  taken  up  the  Roman  town,  and  fome 
faint  remains  of  it  appear  only  now  and  then,  but  I  am  apt  to  be- 
lieve it  has  been  very  large. 

The  figure  B  [fig.  16.]  was  found  under-ground,  about  20 
yards  from  the  ilrcet,  and  in  or  very  near  the  South  rampart  of 
the  old  town,  near  the  V\'efl:  corner. 

The  figure  G  [fig.  17.]  was  found  near  the  middle  of  the 
town;  the  lines  and  letters  are  as  exadlly  drawn  as  I  could  do  them, 
and  have  their  feveral  turns  at  top  and  bottom.  I  drev*-  them 
twice  over;  left  I  fliould  miftake  any  of  them.  I  beg  at  your 
leifure  that  you  would  be  pleafed  to  fend  me  fome  account  of 
them. 

The  river  of  Kirk  Santon,  and  the  ground  loft  by  the  fimd,  is 
in  the  parifii  of  Milium,  an  eftate  long  in  the  family  of  the  Hud- 
dleftones,  in  the  South-Weft  part  of  the  county  of  Cumberland, 
Mr.  Senhoufe  of  Netherhall  tells  me,  the  river  lies  upoh  a  level, 
fo  that  the  water  has  no  force  in  its  defcent,  and  is  eafily  fropped, 
and  that  it  was  very  true  there  \yas  fo  much  ground  loft  as  fet 
forth  in  the  brief -'■. 

Near 

*  By  a  brief  obtained  in  the  yctr  1685,  it  nppear?,  that,  in  the  year  i663,  a  certain  river,  called 
Kirk-Santon  water,  was  fiopt  from  running  in  its  ar.cicnt   channel  by  the  violent  and  frcqvient 

blowing 


144  MR.     R.     GALE     TO     MR.     GOODMAN. 

Near  Brampton  at  the  Catfleads  on  the  Roman  wall,  there  have 
been  lately  found  fome  ftones-,  with  figures  and  letters  on  them, 
the  draught  of  which  I  Ihall  fend  you  in  the  beft  manner  I  can. 
Mr.  Gordon  will  give  you  an  account  where  the  Catfteads  fland, 
which  I  take  to  be  only  a  corruption  of  Gaftle-fteads.  Be  pleafed 
to  give  my  refpeils  to  Mr.  Gordon  ;  and  when  you  have  time  fa- 
vour me  with  a  line,  and  believe  mc  to  be,  yours,  &;c. 

Richard  Goodman. 

XXXII. 
Mr.  Gale's  anfwer  to  the  preceding  letter. 

e  London, 

^^'^)  •  Aviguft  25,   1717, 

I  look  upon  myfeif  as  much  indebted  to  you  for  the  favour  of 
your  laft,  and  the  pains  you  have  taken  to  procure  me  the  Infcrip- 
tions  that  came  in  it.  I  had  the  firft  fent  me  a  little  while  ago 
from  a  neighbouring  clergyman ;  but  as  it  came  from  one  not 
much  ufed  to  thefe  things,  his  copy  wms  really  more  imperfedt 
than  the  writing  upon  the  ftone;   what  is  left  of  that  is  to  be  read. 


ELLIN  vs   Ellinus  ;  the  latter  end  of  a  name,  as  Marcellinus. 

iiE.cos.PRO    Beneficiarius  Confulis  Pro 

VINCI   vincioe,    perhaps  l.  m.  or  p,  Lydi^s,  M?sfice,  Pannonise. 

svPERioR   Superioris. 

v.s.L.L.M.   Votum  Solvit  Lubens  Loetus  Merito. 

The  fecond,    marked  B,   feems  to  have  been  a  piece  of  a  co- 

blowing  of  fand  from  the  fea-coaft,    and  had    thereby  overflowed  300  acres  of  land  belonging  to 
the  townfiiips  and  villages  of  Kirk  Santon,  Haverigge,  Langthwaites,   Layrigges,  Southfield,   and 
Heftholme  ;   and  alfo  that  the  lands  blouii  from  the  lea-coafthad  covered  600  acres  more  of  other 
trood  lands  belonging  to  the  faid  towns  and  villages,  ib  that  they  had  been  loft  for  15  years. 
*  Mr.  Goodman  afterwards  fent  thefe  drawings  to  Mr.  Gale. 

5  lumn, 


M  R.    R.    G  A  L  E    T  O    M  R.    G  O  O  D  M  A  N-  145 

lumn,  as  you  have  reprefcnted  it,  and  the  letters  to  be  read  as  fol- 
lows ; 

IMP.  DD  ImiDeratoribus  Dominis. 
N  N.  GALLO  Noftris  Gallo 
E.  voLV  Et  Volu 
siANO  fiano. 
AVCG.    AugLiftis. 
The  third,    marked  C,    I  had  feen  a  great  many  years  ago, 
and  the  bifliop  of  London  has  publiflied  it  in  his  laft  edition  of 
Camden's  Britannia  twice  over,  as  two  diftindt  infcriptions,  both 
very  faulty.     A  copy  that  I  have  of  it  is  a  little  more  exprefs 
than  yours  is  in  the  letters,  but  agrees  perfectly  well  with  it,  as 
you  will  fee  underneath : 

DEAE  NYMPELA  Deas  Nymphx  Ela- 

NEIAE  BRICA+ET  ncise  Brica  et 

ianvaria:fil  Januaria  filia 

LiBENTES  EX  Vo  Libeutes  ex  vo- 

To  soLVERVNT  to  folverunt. 

There  is  no  manner  of  difficulty  in  finding  out  the  fenfe  of  this, 
except  what  may  arife  from  the  word  Elaneiae,  which  I  take  to  be 
the  name  of  fome  local  deity  or  goddefs  worfhiped  in  thefe  parts, 
and  was  perhaps  no  other  than  the  ancient  name  of  the  river* 
that  runs  under  Greatabridge.  An  inftance  of  the  like  nature  we 
have  in  Camden's  Well  riding  of  Yorkfhire,  where  we  have  an 
altar  verbeiae  sacrvm,  which  was  nothing  elfe  than  the  river 
Wharf,  upon  whofe  banks  it  was  found.  I  return  you  many 
thanks  for  your  account  of  Kirk  Stanton,  as  I  fhall  do  for  the  fi- 
gures and  letters  you  inform  me  were  lately  found  at  the  Cafteads 
near  Brampton,  Sec.     I  am.  Sir,  &:c.  R.  Gale. 

*  Lune,  orLaune, 

U  XXXII. 


146  SIR    J.    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

XXXIL 

Part  of  a  letter  from  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  concerning  an 
ancient  Head  of  Brafs,  found  at  Batli,  1727. 

Edinburgh, 
Auguft  I,   1728. 

I  return  you  many  thanks  for  the  draught  you  fent  me.  I 
take  it  to  be  the  head  of  a  man,  and  not  of  a  woman,  for  the 
Nafus  Quadratus,  a  beauty  in  men  much  commended,  and  fol- 
lowed by  ftatuaries,  efpecially  the  Grecian,  is  here  very  remark- 
able. The  forehead  is  like  wife  too  fliort  for  a  female  deity,  where 
the  PerfeBiJfimum  Nature  was  always  obferved.  I  take  it  there«- 
fore  to  be  the  head  of  a  court  favourite  or  officer  among  the  Ro- 
mans in  Britain ;  for  heads,  buftos,  and  flatues,  were  fo  common, 
that  every  family  polTelTed  fome  hundreds  of  them  both  in  metal 
and  ftone.  J.  Clerk* 

XXXIII. 
Mr.  Maurice  Johnson  to  Mr.  R.  Gale. 

Spalding, 
April  23,   1729. 

I  hope  the  Antiquarian  Society  have  determined  upon  engrav- 
ing the  Bath-head  of  Apollo*,  which  I  cannot  but  imagine  is  part 
of  the  very  image  of  that  deity,  reprefented  upon  that  coin  of 
Conftantine  fo  very  frequently  found  in  England,  naked,  et  ra- 
diato  capite,  with  this  infer iption,  soli  invicto  comiti. 

Maurice  Johnson. 

The  Infcription  under  the  Bath  head,  engraved  by  Mr.  VertuCj  at 
the  expence  of  the  Antiquarian  Society. 

Caput  hoc  ex  are  i?iauratum^  antiquo  opere  fummoque  artificio  coH' 
flatum^  urhis  inter  ruder  a  multis  jamfaculh  excija  Jepiiltwn^  Aquis 
SoLis in  agro  Somerfetenfixvifuhfolo ped. effbJjumA, D.  ciodccxxvii. 
Mternitati  confecravit  Soc.  Antiquar,  Londinenjis^  R.  G. 

*  See  Letter  XXXII. 

XXXIV. 


MR.    BELLTODR.    GREY. 

XXXIV. 

Mr.  Beaupre  Bell  to  Dr.  Z.  Grey. 

VjOOU  oik,  December  19,   1728. 

I  intended  to  have  fent  you  the  old  piece  of  alchimy  I  men- 
tioned before  I  went  out  of  town,  but  did  not  remember  it  till  it 
was  too  late.  I  have  now  given  Mr.  Betfon  the  writing-mafter  di- 
reilions  to  fend  it  with  Bilhop  Atterbury's  fpeech*  when  Lord  Har- 
ley  took  the  degree  of  Mafter  of  Arts ;  and  a  letter  which  gives 
fome  account  of  our  Univerfity  when  King  William  was  proclaimed 
there.  When  Mr.  Hearne's  book  comes  out,  I  beg  the  favour  of 
you  to  pay  good  Mr.  Barker  for  my  copy,  and  fubfcribe  for  the 
next  for  me.  I  will  order  you  your  money  at  Cambridge,  or  re- 
turn it  myfelf  with  thanks  when  I  come,  as  you  think  belt.  My 
Itay  in  the  country  will  be  about  a  month  or  five  weeks ;  if  you 
receive  the  Black  book  foon,  I  fhall  be  glad  to  run  it  over  while  I 
am  here  and  have  leifure :  if  you  pleafe  to  fend  it  to  Mr.  Betfon, 
oppofite  to  Sidney  college,  he  will  convey  it  to  me.  I  beg  pardon 
for  all  this  trouble,  and  defire  you  to  believe  me,  your  very 
obliged  humble  fervant,  Beaupre  Bell, 

XXXV. 

Part  of  a  letter  from  Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  Gale, 
about  Grantham  church  and  Somerby. 

Grantham, 
April  22,  172}. 

Occafionally  I  coUedl  the  remains  of  Grantham  antiquities.  I 
wifh  you  could  without  trouble  or  charge  fend  me  what  Domef- 
day-book  fays  of  it,  or  of  our  neighbouring  parts ;  and  if  you 
would  afk  Mr.  Willis  what  he  knows  of  our  patron  Saint  Wul- 

*  Printed  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  1737,  p.  S45« 

U  2  fran, 


H7 


,48  DR.    STUKELEY    TO    MR.    R.    GALE. 

fran,  who,  with  St.  Symphorian  and  Ebryth  martyrs,  he  buried  in 
our  church,  1  know  he  would  be  pleafed,  finding  I  take  notice  of 
things  in  his  way.  When  my  head  is  antiquity  turned,  I  am 
forced  to  think  of  thofe  matters  near  home,  becaufe  I  can  never 
hope  for  perfe6tingmy  Colledlionsof  the  Druid  Antiquities  without 
being  at  London,  by  reafon  of  innumerable  quotations  of  authors 
I  can  come  to  no  where  elfe.  I  am  fadly  at  a  lofs  for  want  of 
books  in  our  Englifh  or  Saxon  affairs,  for  I  have  no  other  author 
of  that  fort  but  your  Honor  Richmundioe,  or  Jo.  Sparke's  Collec- 
tion of  Peterborough  writers. 

Ycfterday  I  went  to  Somerby,  where  I  had  never  been  before. 
It  is  a  very  pleafant  place  upon  the  edge  of  our  heath ;  there  is  an 
old  crofs-legged  knight's  monument  in  the  chancel,  faid  to  be  of 
the  family  of  Somerby,  one,  I  fuppofe,  that  had  formerly  been  a 
fanterring. 

In  the  North  window  of  this  church  is  this  coat  armour.  [See 
plate  IV.  fig.  14.]  Quaere,  whofe*?  There  is  an  old  brafs  of  the 
family  of  the  Bawds,  who  lived  long  in  this  town. 

I  often  think  with  fome  concern  on  what  Seneca  fays.  That 
.  bufineis  is  a  great  devourer  of  time  ;  buiinefs  feems  to  belong  only 
to  thofe  who  have  no  capacity  of  fpending  their  time  better.  I 
find  it  true  here,  to  my  great  regret ;  and  what  is  worfe,  our  pay 
is  fo  very  bad,  that  we  confume  our  time  for  nought.  I  really 
believe,  it  is  impolTible  for  a  phyfician  here  to  get  above  lool. 
a  year,  with  his  utmoft  diligence,  &c.     I  am,  yours, 

William  Stukeley, 

*  Qi  Eitlier  Bawd,  or  Treklngham  ? 


XXXVL 


MR.     SALMON     TO    MR.     BELL. 

XXXVI. 
Mr.  N.  Salmon  to  Mr.  Beaupre  Bell. 

C  I  jj  Stortfoid, 

^'■^>  May  17,   .719, 

I  had  the  favour  of  your  Remarks  from  Dr.  Grey,  and  fliall  be 
glad  to  enter  farther  upon  the  fubjedt. 

Some  of  the  coins  I  mentioned  from  Camden's  plates  are  of 
Britifh  princes  contemporary  with  Casfar ;  and  therefore,  if  his 
authority  be  good,  thefe  could  have  no  impreffed  money,  or  we 
mull  imagine  they  had  it  almoft  as  foon  as  he. 

The  tenth  of  the  firft  plate  is  attributed  to  Comius  Attrebatenlis, 
whom  Cagfar  fent  hither  from  Gaul,  and  1  don't  find  he  was  a 
prince  in  Britain. 

The  fifteenth  is  thought  to  mean  Dummacus,  a  prince  of  the 
Andes,  mentioned  by  Caefar. 

The  nineteenth  is  of  Cailibelan,  general  againft  Ca2far. 

Even  Cynobeline  muft  have  been  contemporary  with  Caefar,  or 
within  a  very  little  of  being  fo,  if  he  was  depofed  by  Caffibelan, 
and  lived  in  Auguftus'  court.  He  is  reckoned  to  have  governed. 
the  Trinobantes  in  the  lime  of  Auguftus.  We  have  no  account 
of  the  nation's  being  enriched  under  this  emperor,  that  they  lliould 
have  more  gold  and  filver  than  before.  * 

I  confefs  it  a  miftake,  to  alTert  none  of  thefe  coins  under  the  de- 
nomination of  Brithli  were  brafs ;  there  were  a  few  luch,  but  not 
a  tenth  part. 

If  Cynobeline  carried  home  the  firft  of  thefe  coins,  thofe 
princes  I  mentioned  above  could  have  none.  It  is  hard  to  believe 
he  lliould  take  up  a  faftiion  fo  young  in  the  world,  or  that  Au- 
guftus lliould  countenance  it. 

If,  Sir,  you  will  do  me  the  honour  to  read  over  thofe  pamphlets 
I  have  publiflied  by  the  title  of  a  Survey  of  England,   1  ihall  be 

obliged:. 


149 


MR.    BELL    TO    MR.    SALMON. 

obliged  to  you  for  your  obfervations,  that  I  may  corre6l  in  the  fu- 
ture any  thing  erroneous. 

They  are  in  the  Univerfity  Ubrary;  I  deUvered  them  to  Mr. 
Hadderton,  or  they  are  fold  at  Mr.  Thurlbourn's.  I  am,  Sir,  your 
moft  obedient  fervant,  N.   Salmon. 


XXXVII. 

iSIr.  Beaupre  Bell's  anfwer  to  the  preceding  letter. 

Worthy  Sir,  mI";'C.'S' 

I  was  not  a  little  furprized  to  find  that  Dr.  Grey  had  fent  you 
thofe  obfervations  which  1  intended  only  for  his  perufal,  and  my 
own  information.  Your  piece,  which  he  was  fo  kind  to  com- 
municate, was  fo  fliort  a  time  in  my  hands,  that  I  could  barely 
read  it  once  over,  and  the  objections  which  I  made  to  it  were  fuch 
as  offered  themfelves  without  confulting  any  one  author  what- 
ever on  the  occafion. 

Upon  the  unexpeded  receipt  of  your  letter,  I  run  over  what 
few  books  my  own  ftudy  affords  upon  the  fubje(5t;  and  muft  con- 
fefs  that  I  do  not  find  any  reafon  to  retradl  what  I  have  offered  as 
probable,  viz.  Tdai  the  Britons  had  Imprefs'd  Money.  I  would  not 
be  thought  to  affert,  as  you  feem  to  think  I  do,  that  all  the  coins 
exhibited  in  Camden  are  Britifh:  I  own  I  am  apt  to  believe,  that 
many  of  them  are  afiigned  to  the  Britons  with  more  zeal  for  the 
honour  of  our  country  than  truth.  I  fliall  inflance  in  the  three 
very  coins  you  mention  of  princes  contemporary  with  Caefar; 
which,  if  really  fo,  will  deftroy  my  fuppofition,  that  Cunobeline 
was  thefirji  Briton  who /truck  a  coin  in  this  ijland. 

The  tenth  of  the  firft  plate  is  afcribed  to  Comius  king  of  Arras, 
a  man  of  much  intereft  and  authority  in  Britain,  and  therefore 

fent 


MR.    BELL    TO    MR.    N.    SALMON. 

fent  thither  by  Casfar  to  perliiade  the  inhabitants  to  come  into  an 
alliance  with  the  Romans.  This  is  fuppofed  to  be  of  Com'ius,  from 
the  infcription  com.  but  without  good  reafon,  fince,  as  Mr.  Walker 
obferves,  it  is  on  fome  coins  wrote  comm.  Befides,  fliould  we 
allow  this  to  be  his,  no  argument  can  be  brought  againft  what  I 
have  propofed,  unlefs  it  can  be  made  appear  that  he  was  king  of 
fome  part  of  Britain,  which  neither  Casfar,  nor  any  other  elfe 
that  J  know  of,  fays. 

The  fame  anfwer  may  be  given  to  the  fifteenth. 
The  nineteenth  is  fuppofed  to  be  of  Gaffivellaunus ;  with  how 
little  fhew  of  reafon  I  need  not  add,  fince  the  very  letters  of  the 
infcription,  and  the  pofition  of  them  is  allowed  lo  be  uncertain. 

Thefe  are  the  only  three  coins  fuppofed  to  be  of  Britifli 
princes  before  Cunobeline.  Two  of  them  are  raanifeftly  not  Britifli^ 
and  it  does  not  appear  that  the  third  is  of  Cailivellaun. 

The  argument  which  you  deduce  from  the  improbability  of 
Auguftus's  indulging  Cunobeline  in  fuch  a  pra6lice,  will  be  of  lefs 
weight  when  we  remember  that  Britain  was  not  a  province  in  Au- 
guftus's time,  and  that  the  coining  of  money  was  a  privilege 
granted  by  the  emperors  even  to  fome  provinces. 

To  the  obje6lion  which  you  renew,  that  the  Britons  had  no 
gold  or  filver,  I  anfwer,  that  they  had  none  indeed  from  their  own 
mines  (nor  brafs  neither,  which  in  your  Diftertation  you  aflert  they 
had),  but  that  it  is  highly  probable  that  they  did  import  it.  The 
brafs  rings  or  plates  made  ufe  of  in  exchange,  both  before  and 
in  Ccefar's  time,  were  not  the  produ6t  of  this  illand,  but  imported 
from  other  parts.  Utuntur,  fays  CDefar,  aut  are  aut  annuHi 
ferrets  ad  certum  pondus  examinatis^  pro  nummo\  and  a  line  or 
two  after,  Mre  utuntur  importato.  L.  V.  c.  lo.  If  they  imported 
brafs^  as  it  is  plain  they  did,  there  is  nothing  improbable  in  fup- 
pofing  that  Cuiiobeline,  when  he  had  iQQ.Yi  the  gold  and  filver  coins 


ii» 


152  MR.    BELL    TO    MR.    SALMON: 

of  the  Romans,   might  import  both  thefe  metals  for  the  fame 
];)urpofe. 

The  novelty  of  ftriking  a  coin  af  Rome  with  the  emperor's 
head  upon  it,  might,  as  I  obferved,  be  one  reafon  among  others 
for  Cunobeline's  imitation.  When  you  call  it  a  fajhion  young  in 
the  worlds  your  pen  flipp'd  :  it  is  certain  that  the  Greeks  placed  the 
heads  of  their  princes  on  coins,  even  before  the  foundation  of 
Eome. 

You  fee.  Sir,  I  have  made  ufe  of  the  liberty  you  are  pleafed  to 
allow  me,  in  diffenting  freely  from  your  opinion.  I  wifli  what  I 
have  laid  may  furnilh  you  with  any  frelh  hint,  or  give  you  an 
opportunity  of  correcting  an  error  in,  good  Sir,  your  moft  obe- 
dient fervant,  Beaupre  Bell. 

Arguments  made  ufe  of  by  Dr.  Salmon,  to  prove  that  the  coins 
exhibited  in  Camden's  Britannia  are  not  of  our  Britifh  kings 
as  is  commonly  fuppofed,  but  brought  over  by  the  Goths,  &;c. 

1.  Caefar  affirms,  that  the  money  ufed  by  the  Britons  confifted  of 
iron  and  brafs  rings  only,  which  pafTed  according  to  their 
weight. 

2.  The  infcriptions  are  in  Latin  letters,  whereas  the  Britons  had 
no  letters  at  all. 

3.  The  names  are  not  according  to  Britifli  but  Roman  fpelling ; 
taking  it  for  granted,  that  the  Welfh  language  is  the  fame 
with  the  Britifli. 

4.  The  Roman  Hiftory  does  not  reprefent  Cunobeline  any  ways 
more  confiderable  than  the  other  Britifli  princes ;  yet  a  greater 
number  of  coins  are  attributed  to  him  than  to  any  other  Britifli 
prince  whatever. 

5.  The  coins  infcribed  cvno  8c  cvnobeline  have  many  different 
faces,  therefore  cannot  be  fuppofed  to  reprefent  one  and  the 
fame  perfon. 

4  6.  The 


M  R.    B  E  L  L-    T  O    M  R.    S  A  L  M  O  N.  153 

6.  The  coins  are  all  of  gold  and  filver,  which  metals  the  Britons 
had  not;   nor  are  there  any  of  brafs,  which  metal  they  had. 

7.  The  reverfes  of  fome  of  thefe  coins  are  after  the  Greek  tafte. 

None  of  thefe  arguments  feem  to  me  conclufive. 

I.  Ccefar's  authority  makes  neither  for  nor  againft  the  queftion, 
flnce  no  coin  is  pretended  to  have  been  ftruck  in  tliis  illand  till 
fome  years  after  he  wrote. 

The  firft  we  meet  with  is  of  Cunobeline,  who,  having  himfclf 
relided  fome  time  at  Rome,  may  well  be  fuppofedto  have  brought 
home  with  him  fome  of  the  Roman  arts  and  manners,  fince  the 
Romans  themfelves  did  not  difdain  to  imitate  the  inventions  of 
the  uncivilized  Britons.  The  Britifli  chariots  for  example  (the 
fame  probably  that  is  exhibited  on  the  coin  that  the  doctor  ex- 
cepts againlt)  were  at  that  time  made  ufe  of  at  Rome,  and  among 
others  by  a  man  of  no  lefs  figure  than  Maecenas*. 

Julius  was  the  firft  Roman  that  dared  place  his  own  head  on  a 
coin;  nor  did  he  do  it  till  he  had  got  the  Didatorfliip  made  per- 
petual :  fo  that  this  cuftom  had  not  long  prevailed  at  Rome  when 
Cunobeline  was  there ;  and  it  being  efteemed  the  greateft  mark 
of  fupreme  power,  why  may  we  not  fuppofe  our  Briton  ambitious 
enough  to  imitate  the  emperor  in  whofe  court  he  was,  in  a 
pra<flice  new  even  at  Rome,  and  entirely  unknown  in  his  own 
country,  which  would  be  an  aflertion  of  his  royalty,  and  carry 
down  his  name  to  pofterity  with  honour? — A  confirmation  of 
this  conjedlure  is  the  elegance  of  fome  of  his  coins,  no  ways  in- 
ferior to  thofe  of  Auguftus  himfelf,  and  which,  by  the  juftnefs  of 
the  figures,  and  ftrength  of  the  relievo,  appear  manifeftly  to  be  of 
Roman  workmanfiiip,  and  that  too  when  arts  were  in  their  great- 
eft  perfeiflion.  This  will  at  once  obviate  the  2d,  3d,  4th,  and 
7th  arguments.      Nor  will  the  want  of  gold  and  filver  from  their 

*  Sge  PropertiuSjL.  II.  El.  i. 

X  own 


154  ^^^'    BELL    TO    MR.    SALMON: 

own  mines  be  an  objedtion  of  any  force,  when  we  remember 
that  the  Britons  were  now  acquainted  with  thofe  countries  that 
had,  and  might  eafily  procvire  it,  at  leaft  enough  for  coins,  by 
exchange  of  thofe  pearls  which  their  own  feas  produced. 

6.  Tliat  there  are  no  coins  fuppofed  to  be  of  our  Britifh  kings  of 
brafs,  I  take  to  be  a  miitake. 

5.  The  fifth  cannot  be  anfwered  without  a  fight  of  the  coins 
themfelves. 

After  CunobeHne's  time,  the  Romans  and  Britons  were  perpe- 
tually at  war,  till  the  whole  iiland  was  at  length  reduced  into  the 
form  of  a  province:  during  all  this  time  the  Britons  had  neither 
intereft  to  procure,  or  encouragement  to  tempt  over  Roman  arti- 
ficers; which  feems  to  be  the  caufe  why  the  coins  of  our  Britifli 
princes  after  Cunobeline  are  fuch  rude  performances,  they  being 
only  imitated  by  the  Britons,  after  what  they  had  feen  performed 
for  Cunobeline  by  Roman  hands. 

Beaupre    Bell» 

I  forgot  to  mention  that  all  the  coins  which  I  have  feen  of  Cu- 
nobeline  are  exactly  of  the  fame  fize  with  the  Roman  Denarius^ 


xxxvm. 


DR.    MORTIMER    TO    DR.    WALLER.  155 

XXXVIII. 

Dr.  Cromwell  Mortimer  to  Dr.  Waller. 

gjj^  July  i8,  171,. 

I  am  almofl  afliamed  to  write  to  you  on  this  fubjecfl,  your  cu- 
rious leaden  bone,  which  has  been  the  wonder  of  all  I  have  fliewn 
it  to.     I  am  forry  you  gave  yourfelf  the  trouble  of  fending  the 
carrier  to  me;   I  fliall  keep  it  as  choice  as  old  gold,  and  return  it 
again  to  you  whenever  you  order  it;  but  by  feveral  accidents  on 
other  bones  which  I  endeavoured  to  fill  with  lead,  and  hoped  flill 
of  doing  it  better  every  time,   I  deferred  fliewing  yours  and  my 
imitations  of  it  to  the  Royal  Society  till  their  laft  meeting,  and 
then  Sir  Hans  Sloane  being  taken  unluckily  ill,  and  I  being  obliged 
to  be  with  him,  I  could  not  carry  it  that  day,  and  did  not  care  to 
truft  it  in  any  body's  hands,  fo  have  not  yet  fliewn  it  them,  we 
having  adjourned  to  0£lober  next:  fo  I  fliould  be  glad  if  you 
would  let  me  keep  it  yet  fome  time  ;  nay  Sir  Hans  and  fome  of  our 
anatomifts  wifli  you  would  fend  the  head  to  town,   and  let  them 
cut  into  the  OfTa  Bregmatis,  to  fee  whether  the  lead  is  between 
the  tables  of  the  fkull,  which  I  think  it  is.      I  have  been  hindered 
in  this  affair  by  removing  from  Hanover-fquare  to  Bloomfbury- 
fquare,  to  be  near  Sir  Hans  Sloane,   for  on  Dr.    Scheuchzer's 
death,  who  lived  in  the  houfe  with  him,  he  defired  my  coming 
into  his  neighbourhood,  and  fo  I  have  the  pleafure  of  being  at 
Sir  Hans'  at  all  leifure  hours  in  the  day,  continually  entertained 
with  new  curiolities  in  his  prodigious  colle6lion,  and  having  the 
opportunity  of  the  ufe  of  his  library,  as  well  as  his  ingenious  and 
learned  converfation.    I  muft  congratulate  you  and  the  Univerlity 
on  Dr.  Woodward's  legacy,  and  am  glad  you  bought  the  remainder 

X  2  of 


156  LEAD    INCORPORATED    IN    BONES. 

of  his  colle6tion.  I  hope  this  may  lay  the  foundation  for  en- 
quiries into  natural  knowledge  join'dwith  experiments  and  obfer- 
vations,  and  that  fuch  ftudies  may  be  more  cultivated  daily. 

We  hope  from  ProfelTor  Boerhaave's  having  retired  from  the 
fatigue  to  reading  lecStures,  that  he  will  have  leifure  to  commu- 
nicate to  the  world  many  curious  things;  his  Chemiftry  is  in  the 
prefs,  juft  finilhed,  under  his  own  dire(5lions,  at  Leyden^  in  Latin 
and  in  Englilh. 

I  have  never  heard  from  Mr.  Half  head.  Pray  my  fervice  to  all 
friends,  and  believe  me  to  be  your  obliged  humble  fervant, 

Crom.  Mortimer. 

A  very  ancient  calendar,  which  together  with  the  curiofities  of 
the  bones  mentioned  in  Weever's  Funeral  Monuments,  p.  30. 
were  given  to  the  library  of  St.  John's  college  in  Cambridge, 
by  Edmund  Waller,  M.  D.  and  Senior  Fellow  of  the  faid  col- 
lege, 1745- 

Ancient  Funeral  Monuments  in  Britain,  and  the  Ifles  adjacent, 
by  Weever.   Fol.  Lond.    1631. 

Chap.  6.  p.  30.  Of  the  care  and  coft  anciently  ufed  in  the 
preferving  whole  and  entire  the  bodies  of  the  dead. 

"  In  the  North  ifle  of  the  parifh  church  of  Newport-Pagnell  in 
Buckinghamfliire,  in  the  year  1619,  was  found  the  body  of  a 
man  whole  and  perfect,  laid  down,  or  rather  leaning  down  North 
and  South:  all  the  concavous  parts  of  his  body,  and  the  hollow- 
nefs  of  every  bone,  as  well  ribbs  as  other,  were  filled  up  with 
folid  lead.  The  fkull  with  the  lead  in  it  doth  weigh  thirty 
pounds  and  fix  ounces;  which,  with  the  neck-bone,  and  feme 
other  bones  (in  like  manner  full  of  lead),  are  referved,  and  kept 
in  a  little  cheft  in  the  faid  church,  near  to  the  place  where  the 

corps 


LEAD    INCORPORATED    IN     BONES.  157 

corps  were  found,  there  to  be  (liewn  to  ftrangers  as  reliqu2s  of 
admiration.  The  reft  of  all  the  parts  of  his  body  are  taken  away 
by  gentlemen  near  livers,  or  fuch  as  take  delight  in  antiquities. 
This  I  law." 

This  Mr.  Weever,  a  perfon  of  veracity,  afferts  he  faw. 

The  Ikull  is  now  in  the  poiTeffion  of  Dr.  Waller  at  Cambridge, 
to  whom  likewife  belongs  the  upper  part  of  the  os  humeri  here 
lliewn,  which  are  all  the  remains  I  can  learn  are  in  being  of  this- 
furprizing  curiofity.  The  account  Dr.  Waller  gives  me  of  thefe 
things  coming  into  his  hands,  with  an  undoubted  teftimony  that- 
this  before  you  is  the  fame  as  Weever  faw,  is  in  thefe  words, 
which  are  in  a  letter  dated  Sept.  la,  1728,  which  he  did  me  the 
honour  to  write,  and  with  it  fent  me  this  os  burner i^  in  order  to- 
fatisfy  the  curious  here  in  town,  by  ocular  demonftration  of 
what  otherwife  would  feem  incredible  and  impoflible. 

As  to  the  curitafity  of  the  bone  (fays  the  Dodlor),  lean  give  no- 
farther  or  better  account  of  it  than  you  will  find  in  Weever's  Fu- 
neral Monuments,  p.  30,  to  which  I  refer  you,  or  any  curious  in- 
quirer; and  I  can  affirm  this  (bone)  I  have  fent  y oil  to  be  the 
fame,  knowing  from  a  child  all  the  hands  it  has  paffed  through, 
and  do  remember  an  ancient  relation  of  mine,  who  was  a  young 
fchool-boy,  when  they  were  digged  up.  An  apothecary  of  the  faid 
town,  who  firft  took  them  out  of  church  to  fecure  them  from 
])eing  all  taken  away,  had  the  greateft  part  of  the  fkull  in  his 
cuftody,  and  in  my  remembrance  difpofed  of  many  of  the  fmall 
bones;  and  fome  of  the  larger  were  fold  to  a  plumber,  who  only 
preferved  what  I  have,  and  of  whom  I  purchafed  them.  I  fliali 
be  glad  to  hear  a  reafonable  folution  of  the  matter. 

This  bone  has  retained  its  natural  fliape,  having  air  the  pro- 
tuberances and  furrows  for  the   infertions   of  the   mufcles,  and 
the  cartilage  pretty  entire  on  the  head  of  the  bone,  which  if  cut-^ 
through  difcovers  the  bony  partitions  of  the  .,..,,.>....« 

fabftances 


i^S  LEAD    INCORPORATED     IN    BONES. 

fubftances  the .   .    .  is ;   fo  that  the  lead  does  not  cut 

l,ike  one  fohd  piece  of  fluxed  metal,  but  feems  to  have  filled  each 
cell  Icparately,  and  thus  all  the  fpongy  cellular  part  of  the 
bone  is  filled,  but  as  the  bone  becomes  more  folid,  and  towards 
the  middle  as  it  is  compadt,  the  lead  has  not  penetrated,  having 
only  ilUed  the  cavity  where  the  marrow  was  lodged,  as  appears 
from  the  lubftance  of  the  bone  being  broke  away  about  the 
middle,  between  the  flioulder  and  the  elbow,  and  the  metal  not 
being  bigger  than  that  cavity  ufually  is,    and  growing  gradually 

bigger  towards  the where  the  bone  being  porous  it 

received  the  lead,  and  could  not  be  fliivered  by  a  hammer,  as 
what  was  not  ftrengthened  by  the  metal  could,  tho'  it  might  be 
bruifed,  as  is  here  to  be  feen.  The  greatell  difficulty  is  to  con- 
je6lure  how  the  lead  could  be  fo  intimately  carried  into  the  mi- 
nuteft  recelTes  of  the  bone.  Some  have  imagined,  that  the  body 
might  have  laid  for  feveral  ages  in  a  bed  or  vein  of  lead  ore,  and 
that  fo  the  particles  of  the  lead  might  inilnuate  themfelves  into 
the  hollow  cells  of  the  bones,  and  fo  in  time  become  folid  and 
iixt  there,  as  the  ftony  ones  do  into  lliells  and  vegetables,  but  this 
coidd  never  be  the  cafe  here,  for  there  never  were  known  any 
lead  mines  near  the  church  where  this  body  lay;  befides,  this 
lead  is  dui5i;ile,  and  in  all  afpe6ls  like  the  common  fort  that  hath 
been  fluxed  from  the  ore,  whereas  this  metal  is  never  or  feldom 
found  du6lile,  till  it  hath  undergone  a  melting. 

Others  fuppofe  the  corps  muft  have  been  buried  in  a  leaden, 
ccffen,  and  that  the  light'ning  may  have  melted  the  lead,  and 
made  it  penetrate  the  bones:  but  this  fcarce  feems  likely,  when 
the  corps  was  covered  with  earth,  and  w^as  buried  within  the 
church,  and  not  in  the  church-yard,  where  it  would  have  been 
more  expofed ;  but  allowing  this  to  be  the  caufe,  furely  lumps 
of  melted  lead  would  have  been  found  near  the  corps,  and  even 
4  fome 


LEAD    INCORPORATED    IN     BONES.  159 

fome  part  of  it  encompaffed  by  the  metal  adhering  to  the  ontfidc 
of  the  bones,  which  would  have  been  fo  remarkable  a  circum- 
ftance  that  Wecver  muft  have  heard  of  it,   and  taken  notice  of  it: 
neither  do  I  conceive  how  lead  in  a  ftate  of  fulion  from  light'ning 
could  remain  in  the  cavities  of  the  body,    for  the  cavity  of  the 
fkuU  is  ftill  full  of  lead,  and  none  feems  to  have  run  out  by  the 
great  hole  thro'  which  the  Medulla  Spinalis  paffcs,   but  fcems  to 
have  been  filled  when  the  fkull  ftood  on  the  vertex;    and  how 
could  hot  lead  remain  in  the  cavities  of  the  thorax,    and  abdo- 
men, as  Mr.  Weever  fays  it  was  found,  but  muft  burft  them  and 
run  out  again  ?   or,  if  you  fuppofe  this  to  have  happened  when  the 
integuments  and  flefli  were  perfectly  dry,   then  they  would  not 
have  had  ftrength  enough  to  fupport  the  weight  of  it,  but  would 
have  mouldered  and  fallen  to  pieces :   indeed  the  thorax  and  ab- 
domen being  filled  is  what  ftumbles  me  moftly,  for  how  could 
the  ribs  and  vertebrae  be  filled,  when  the  membranes  and  mufcles 
were  adhering  to  them  ?    I  fliould  rather  believe,  that  upon  fee- 
ing the  fkull  full,  Mr.  Weever  might  more  eafily  give  credit  to 
the  perfons  who  fiiewed  him  this  curiolity,    and  who  perhaps,  to 
magnify  the  matter,  might  fay  all  the  cavities  were  filled  full;  for 
it  is  certain,  Mr.  Weever  did  not  fee  the  body  entire,  he  having 
only  feen  the  ikull  with  the  neck  bones,  and  fome  few  others. 

In  my  own  opinion,  I  imagine  the  bones  were  firft  feparated  and 
cleaned  of  all  mufcles,  membranes,  Scc.  then  carefully  dryed,  fo 
that  no  moifture  or  oil  remained;  then  they  muft  have  been  kept 
immerfed  in  lead  oar,  or  liquefyed  by  fome  cold  menftruum, 
which  could  carry  the  particles  of  lead  along  with  it  into  the  ut- 
moft  recefles  of  the  bones,  in  the  fame  manner  as  water  would 
fait  into  a  fpong,  the  folution  muft  have  been  infpifiated,  or 
perhaps  the  menftruum  if  volatile  fors't  of  by  gentle  heat,  and 
fo  the  lead  left,  and  this  reiterated  till  all  the  pores  were  filled, 

foi^ 


i6j  lead   incorporated  in  bones. 

for  the  very  ribbs  and  vertebrce  which  have  no  cavities  like  the 
humerus  and  other  fuch  bones,  were  perfedlly  full,  as  is  the  fub- 
ftanceof  the  fkull  between  the  tables,  and  that  no  great  heat  has 
been  ufcd  appears  from  the  remains  of  the  cartilage  upon  the  head 
of  the  humerus,  which  as  well  as  the  fkull  looks  outwardly  like 
common  bones,  which  have  been  a  long  time  buried.  What  fuch 
mcnftruums  are,  and  how  made,  I  confefs  I  know  not,  and  fo  fliall 
leave  the  imitation  of  this  wonder  (if  I  may  fo  call  a  thing  that 
many  learned  men  have  declared  they  can't  dream  how  it  can  be 
performed),  I  Ihall  leave  it,  I  fay,  to  the  difquilition  of  perfons 
better  flviird  in  Chymillry  than  I  am.  I  fliall  only  add  an  eafy 
experiment  I  have  made  myfelf,  but  which  fell  far  fliort  of  the 
original  bone.  I  took  the  upper  part  of  the  humerus,  covered  it 
with  a  ftrong  lute,  and  let  it  dry  in  the  fliade  for  three  months, 
then  I  placed  it  in  a  wind  furnace,  furrounded  it  with  charcoal, 
and  laid  fome  other  pieces  of  bones  among  the  coals ;  then  light- 
ed them,  and  at  laft  made  as  flrong  a  fire  as  the  furnace  would 
make,  which  was  built  for  melting  gold  and  brafs :  when  I  faw 
the  bones  in  the  fire  were  burnt  white  and  almoft  mouldering, 
I  poured  melted  lead  into  the  hok  where  the  marrow  is  contained, 
of  the  OS  humeri,  that  was  covered  with  the  lute,  and  fo  filled  it 
full  of  lead,  then  I  let  the  furnace  and  all  cool  together,  and 
breaking  off  the  lute  found  the  bone  very  black  in  fome  parts,  the 
cartilage  deftroyed,  but  the  cells  pretty  well  filled  with  lead:  but 
that  ribbs  or  fuch  bones  could  be  fo  filled  I  do  not  believe." 

Tranfcribed  literally  with  the  inaccuracies  and  omiflions  from 
the  copy,  confifting  of  eight  pages  in  fmall  quarto,  kept  along 
with  the  bone,  Auguft  29,  1758,  by  George  Alhby,  Fellow  of  St. 
John's  college. 

This  winter,  1 761-2,  the  fkull  has  been  fawn  thro'  tranfverfely, 
I  don't  know  with  what  view  or  by  whofe  orders.     Feb.  1762. 

G.  A. 
Barrow, 


LEAD    INCORPORATED    IN    BONES.  i6i 

Who  the  writer  of  the  preceding  letter  is,  to  whom  Dr. 
Waller  fent  the  fmall  bone,  Sec.  doth  not  appear.  I  can 
anfwer  for  the  exadtnefs  of  the  tranfcript,  which  is  the 
more  material,  as  I  faw  at  Cambridge  laft  week,  in  company 
with  Meffieurs  Gough  and  J.  C.  Brooke,  that  the  original 
was  torn  all  to  pieces,  and  very  little  of  it  left.  I  very  well 
remember  the  original  fmall  bone,  but  that  hath  been  milling 
thefe  feveral  years.  The  bone  mentioned  to  have  been  done  in 
imitation  ftill  remains,  but  is  very  little  like  the  original,  being 
honey-combed,  and  having  the  appearance  of  a  burnt  bone  in  its 
fhining  black  colour;  and  that  the  lead  and  bone  are  not  fo  in- 
timately united  as  to  form  one  body,  which  is  true  in  the  original, 
in  which  one  plainly  fees  the  colour,  8cc.  of  the  bone  and  lead  ; 
juft  as  in  the  beft  fpecimens  of  petrified  wood,  fliell,  or  bone, 
one  diftinguiflies  the  appearances  of  the  wood,  Sec.  and  ftone, 
tho'  fo  intimately  united  and  blended.  How  any  one  could  think 
that  lightening,  &c.  could  occafion  the  bones  of  an  whole  ikele- 
ton  to  be  thus  leaded,  without  a  lingle  knob  of  lead  any  where  to 
be  feen  (if  we  may  judge  of  the  whole  from  the  ikull  and  one 
fmall  bone)  is  more  than  I  can  comprehend :  1  believe  no  pe- 
trifadions  are  fo  exquifitely  and  exadlly  executed.  Corpfes  do 
not  ufually  lye  N.  and  S.  See  Bourne  and  Brand's  Popular 
Antiquities.  The  expreflion  of  the  bones  being  filled  with  folid 
lead  may  miilead,  for  the  lead  is  not  confined  to  the  tubular  ca- 
vities, but  incorporated  with  the  mofl  folid  bones,  as  the  fcull,  nor 
doth  the  cavity  of  it  feem  filled  with  folid  or  pure  lead,  but  as  if 
intimately  mixed  with  the  brains  or  fome  other  fubilance :  the 
colour  not  being  that  of  lead,  but  rather  a  reddifh  brown. 

The  preceding  account  feems  to  have  been  read  before  fome 
Society,  probably  the  Royal.  Weever  feems  to  defcribe  it,  as 
if  had  been  a  folid  leaden  ftatue,    including  an  human   Ikele- 

Y  ton» 


j62  dr.   hunter  to  dr.   grey. 

ton,  and  of  that  fhape :  whereas  there  is  little  reafon  to  doubt, 
but  that  it  had  the  appearance  to  fuperficial  obferversof  a  leaden 
ikeleton.  The  writing  from  which  this  was  taken  feems  to  have 
been  copied  by  feme  illiterate  perfon,  who  left  blanks  for  the 
terms  of  ftience. 

Barrow,  SufFollc, 
May  15,  1777. 

XXXIX. 
Dr.  Hunter  ^•'-  to  Dr.  Grey. 

r^^^-r^  Ctt.  Durham, 

Good  Sir,  Apni  .6,  n^o. 

Your  excellent  examination  of  Dan.  Neal's  Hiftory  of  the  Pu- 
ritans has  fully  engaged  me   to    contribute  my  bell  endeavours 
to  iiifle  that  calumny  call  upon  our  admirable  conllitution,  by 
clearing  up  two  particulars  in  Neal's  Short  Account  of  our  Dur- 
ham Saint,  1  mean  Peter  Smart :   the  firft  in  faying  he  was  impri- 
foned  four  months  by  the  High  Commillion  at  York,  before  ar- 
ticles were  exhibited  againft  himt,  and  five  more  before  a  procSlor 
was  allowed  him,  as  in  a  fecond  edition  of  Neal.      The  Regifter 
of  the  Commiffion  which  fat  at  Durham  all  king  Charles's  reign 
to  1640,  being  in  my  cuftody,  1  hope  by  the  extrads  of  the  pro- 
ceedings to  fpecify  the  day  Smart  took  the  oath  of  Commiffioner, 
and  the  days  too  he  appeared  therein  ;   and  after  that,  to  fliew  the 
lingular  candor  of  the  court  in  permitting  him  to  live  free  and  at 
liberty;   they  only  taking  his   recognizance  to  appear  upon  three 
or  four  days  warning  left  at  his  prebendal  houfe. 

Secondly,   to  remove  his  invidious  inlinuation,  fliall  from  his 
own  letters  in  my  cuftody  fhew  him  brought  to  light  to  profe- 

■*  A  phyfician  of  eninence  at  Durham;  of  whom  a  particular  account  is  given  in  Britifli 
TopvJgraphy,  vol.  I.  p.  330. 

■]  Smart  wan  impriibned  July  17,  1628,  and  articles  were  exhibited  againft  liim  in  the  Higli 
CoramifTion  at  Durham,  Nov.  3,  1628,  See  Dr.  Hunter's  lUuftration, "  p,  55.  A  prod  or  was 
granted  him,  Dec.  11.  Grey's  MS.  note  in  his  copy  of  Neal's  Hiftory  of  tlie  Puritans,  II.  209. 

4  cute 


MR.    SNELL    TO    MR.    R.    GALE. 

cute  the  learned  Dr.  Coiiii  in  Parliament,  and  that  he  was  alive 
in  September  and  OcStober  1 648. 

Such  forgery  as  appears  in  this  cafe  very  well  defervcs  to  be 
detected. 

As  we  have  a  prefs  in  Durham,  as  foon  as  paper  proper  can  be 
got,  I  fancy  to  print  it  here  more  convenient  than  to  have  it  done 
at  London*.  Christopher  Hunter. 


XL. 

Letter  from  Mr.  Snell,  with  an  account  of  feveral  Roman  De- 
narii, found  in  a  pot,  near  March,  in  the  Ifle  of  Ely. 

CiT>  January  i6, 

"^^'  .730-.. 

The  occalion  of  this  is  one  received  from  Dr.  Knight,  dated  the 
I  ith  intl:.  He  lies  out  of  our  poft-road,  fo  that  I  could  not  re- 
turn my  anfwer  to  him  before  he  fets  out  for  London.  He  tells 
me  you  are  fo  curious  as  to  enquire  about  the  Roman  money 
found  lately  here  in  my  pariQi:  it  was,  I  believe,  when  together 
in  the  urn  it  was  found  in,  a  very  valuable  collecftion  of  the  De- 
narii Romanit.  I  have  endeavoured  to  colle£l  the  infcriptions 
of  all  I  could  borrow  from  my  neighbours,  and  have  perufed 
above  100  of  them,  befides  my  own;  and,  if  I  may  credit  the 
authors,  I  reckon  there  may  be  about  60  more  fent  to  feveral 
places  out  of  the  parilh.  One  Mr.  Collier  J  of  London,  who 
lately  purchafed  a  good  eftate  here,  has,  I  am  told,  received  near 
twenty  of  them  as  a  prefent.      I  lliall  be  obliged  to  him,  or  any 

*  It  was  printed  by  J.  Rofs  at  Durham,  1736,  8vo.  under  the  tide  of  "  An  Illuftration  of  Mr. 
D.  Neal's  Hiftorv  of  the  Puritans,  in  the  article  of  P^;ter  Smart,  A.  M,  from  original  papers,  with 
remarks." 

I  They  were  all  of  the  emperors,  from  Vefpafian  to  Antoninus  Pius,  both  inclufive. 

;  Mr,  Collier  had  but  fix,  and  thole  I  law.     R.  G. 

Y   2  other 


i6i 


1^4 


MR.    SNELL    TO    MR.    R.    GALE. 

other  gentleman,  who  will  pleafe  to  communicate  to  me  the  in- 
fcriptions  I  have  not  feen,  and  I  promife  in  return  to  fend  him 
twice  as  many  of  thofe  I  have  taken.  I  cannot  learn  the  truth, 
and  perhaps  it  may  be  impoflible  to  come  at  it,  how  many  there 
were  in  the  pot.  They  have  told  lb  many  lies  to  me,  that  I  can- 
not believe  any  thing  they  fay.  I  bought  a  little  piece  of  brafs, 
which  they  told  me  was  the  only  one  of  that  fort  among  them, 
but  I  am  now  perfuaded  it  was  a  ftratagem  to  help  a  poor 
M  oman  to  more  for  it  than  it  was  worth.  It  is,  as  I  read  it, 
though  much  defaced,  a  marivs  of  a  far  different  date  from  any 
of  the  others  which  I  have  feen.  Of  all  the  colle6lion,  which  I 
have  pernfed  with  my  beft  eyes,  I  do  not  find  any  two  of  them 
alike;  and,  I  am  perfuaded,  if  there  had  been  a  thoufand  of  them, 
there  would  have  been  fome  very  different.  This  is  a  problem, 
therefore  I  defire  the  opinion  of  your  ingenious  Society  to  folve 
it ;  for  indeed  to  me  it  feems  furprizing.  I  enclofed  two  of  the 
moft  curious  ones  in  my  eye,  in  a  letter  to  a  relation  of  mine  in 
London.  I  have  fince  fome  fufpicion,  becaufe  I  have  heard  no- 
thing of  them,  that  they  may  be  ftolen;  but  I  know,  if  fo,  1  {ha.ll 
find  out  the  thief,  for  1  dare  fay  there  are  not  two  others  in  Eng- 
land every  way  like  them;   the  infcriptions  were  thefe,  viz. 

I AVG. 

iiiviR  R.  p.  c.      tria  Signa  Rom.  in  medio  Aquila. 
LEG.  viii. 
2.  HADRIANVS  AVG.  COS.  III.  P.  F.  Hadriaui  Caput. 

FORTVNAE  REDvci.  Fottuna  dcxtram  porrigcus  Impcratori. 
1  have  thirteen,  which  I  diftinguifli  by  the  name  of  Tri- 
umvirati,  a  word  perhaps  of  my  own  coining,  but  I  do  not  know 
any  other  to  call  them  by.  I  fliall  feal  this  with  the  flamp  of  Pyra 
Romana,  which  in  my  judgement  does  more  lively  reprefent  that 
!)onefire,  than  the  moft  elegant  defcription  of  a  fine  author  I  have 
in  a  whole  page  of  Greek. 

There 


CAPT.    POWNALL    ON    ANCIENT    SEPULCHRES. 

There  were  three  urns  of  burnt  bones  near  the  pot  of  money; 
I  have  two  of  them,  and  fome  potflicrtls  of  another  with  the 
contents. 

Sir,  you  will  excufe  me,  but  I  am  forry  your  her  Britann.  An- 
tonini  takes  no  notice-  of  Marcice  Vadum,  inEnglilh  Marchford, 
and  this  town,  I  find  in  old  writings  I  have  by  me,  was  fo  called 
three  or  four  hundred  years  ago. 

If  your  friend  Dr.  Stukeley  would  do  me  the  favour  of  a  vifit, 
I  could  fhew  him  fome  antiquities  here  which  he  never  dreamed 
on.  I  am,  tho'  unknown,  with  all  refpe^l,  Sir,  your  moil  hum- 
ble fervant,  Vyner   Snell. 


XLI. 
Capt.  PowN all's  account  of  fome  ancient  Sepulchres  found  near 

Lincoln,  June,  1731. 

Sir, 
On  Friday  the  14th  of  May,  fome  labourers  digging  for  ftone 
at  a  quarry,  in  a  field  about  half  a  mile  Eaft  from  our  cathedral, 
difcovered  an  ancient  Sepulchre:  what  firft  appeared,  were  two 
ftones,  about  a  foot  and  a  half  or  two  feet  beneath  the  furface  of 
the  earth,  laid  one  at  the  end  of  the  other,  about  four  feet  broad 
and  five  long  a  piece.  Thefe  two  covered  the  Sepulchre,  which 
was  made  of  four  fiones  fet  edge-WMys;  the  length  of  the  two 
fide-ftones  being  nine  feet  two  inches,  the  depth  three  feet  one 
inch,  the  width  of  the  end  ftones  the  fame.  Thefe  ftones  are 
rough,  as  if  they  had  been  raifed  out  of  fome  neighbouring 
quarries,  and  are  placed  together  in  the  earth  without  any  mortar, 
the  ends  of  the  tomb  pointing  N.  and  by  W.  and  S.  and  by  E.  as 

*  How  could  it  take  notice  of  this  place,  known  then  for  nothing,   nor  does  Antoninus  come 
near  it?  R.  G. 

near 


i(>S 


i66  CAPT.    POWNALL    ON    ANCIENT    SEPULCHRES. 

near  as  I  can  guefs.  In  the  North  end  of  it  lay  a  fcull  of  a  com- 
mon fize,  but  extraordinary  thicknefs,  the  teeth  all  gone,  fome 
pieces  of  the  thigh-bones,  the  reft  all  confumed :  there  was  a  hole 
in  the  back  fide  of  the  fcull,  but  feemed  to  be  broken  by  work- 
men's throwing  it  about.  There  lay  fcattered  in  the  Sepulchre 
many  iron  nails,  or  fpikes,  quite  rotten  with  ruft;  fome  I  meafured 
liill  fix  inches  long,  and  as  thick  as  my  little  finger;  at  the  end 
they  are  broken,  which  argues  them  to  have  been  much  longer 
than  they  are  now,  and  the  corpfe  to  have  been  cafed  in  fome  fort 
of  a  cheft  of  extraordinary  ftrength  and  thicknefs,  of  which,  how- 
ever, there  were  no  remains,  but  fome  fmall  matter  fticking  to  the 
heads  of  the  nails.  About  the  middle  of  the  Sepulchre,  but 
towards  the  Weft  fide  of  it,  lay  an  urn,  amongft  the  nails  and 
mould  earth,  of  a  fine  red  clay,  broken  to  pieces,  without  any  in- 
fcription  or  emboflfement,  fave  a  little  fort  of  a  fcroU  that  run 
round  it.  I  meafured  it  juft  five  inches  deep;  it  might  have 
held  about  a  quart. 

Near  a  yard  South  from  this  Seimlchre,  at  the  feet,  and  about 
the  fame  depth  under  the  furface,  lay  an  heap  of  afiies,  black,  and 
of  aftrong  fmell. 

The  next  day  they  found  another  Sepulchre  of  the  fame  form, 
and  pointing  to  the  fame  quarters  of  the  Heavens,  but  the  cover 
of  one  ftone  entire,  and  the  infide  of  the  Eaft  fide  ftone  hewn 
fmooth  ;  it  was  not  fo  long  as  the  other,  nor  any  thing  found  in 
it  but  a  piece  of  fcull,  and  fome  bits  of  bones. 

Abundance  of  bones  are  dug  up  in  feveral  parts  of  the  hill, 
that  feemingly  have  been  thrown  in  confufedly,  as  if  it  had  been 
in  the  field  of  battle,  and  in  this  quarry  was  found  the  Brafs  Ar- 
milla,  mentioned  by  Dr.  Stukeley,  Itinerarium  Curiofum,  p.  86. 


XLIL 


DR.    KNIGHT    TO    DR.     GREY.  167 

XLII. 

Dr.  S.  Knight  to  Dr.  Z.  Grey. 

Tif  \  T>    Cttj  Bluntfnam  near  St.  Ives, 

i-»i<,AK    DIK,  March  24,  i7j3. 

I  have  read  over  Mr.  Neal's  Review  of  the  Anfwer  to  his  firfl 
vohime,  which  appears  more  plaufible  than  I  expeiled  from  him, 
and,    may  I  add,   is  without   that  rancour  which  he  feemed   to 
fhew  in  the  work  itfelf;  I  therefore  do  not  wonder  at  its  being 
acceptable  to  moft  readers,  though  I  think  it  is  very  eafy  to  dif- 
cover  his  trippings,  and  if  I  had  your  anfwer  I  could  eafily  point 
them  out:  however,  I  cannot  but  be  of  Mr.  N.'s  opmion  as  to 
our   Articles.    The  compilers   of    them   were   certainly    Calvi- 
nifts,  and  the  feeming  latitude  in  fome  of  them  is  more  owing  to 
chance,  rather  than  any  defign  in  them  to  favour  thofe  of  a  con- 
trary opinion ;   till  about  the  time  of  Archbifliop  Laud  the  clergy 
were  univerfally  fo.      I  had  once  occafion  to  confult  all  our  au- 
thors of  any  eminence  within  a   large  fpace  of  time  till  about 
1620,  and  did  not  meet  but  with  very  few  that  had  not  been 
thoroughly  tinged  with  very  narrow  notions  relating  to  predeiti- 
nation,  free-will,  Sec.      I  find  amongft  the  Anabaptiils,  for  a  long 
feries,  there  were  fome  who  oppofed  Calviniftical  dodrines  beyond 
any  other  fedl  whatever,  and  they  itill  continue  fo  to  do.     The 
late  ingenious  Dr.  Gale  was  paftor  of  a  congregation  in  London, 
where  they  have  always  been  great  fticklers  for  the  Remonftrant 
principles ;   as  far  as  I  have  obferved,   the  Prefbyterians  are  pretty 
lax  as  to  the  Quinquarticular  points,  but  the  Independents  other- 
wife;   nay,  Neal  himfelf  is  not  reckoned  a  Calvinilf,  at  leail  not  a 
ftri6t  one,  by  his  own  people;   but,  however,  what  he  advances 
upon  this  head  is  plaufible,  and  to  his  purpofe.      As  to  the  ilri^fl 
opinion  of  the  three  orders,  I  believe  many  of  the  Reformers 
amongft  ourfelves  did    (as  Mr.  N.  obferves),  fpeak  very  doubt- 
fully of  them,  and  feem  to  confound  the  two  firft  of  Bifbop  and 

Prefbjtcr 


i63  DR.    KNIGHT    TO    DR.    GREY. 

Pre/by fer  together :  fome  of  his  quotations  feem  to  favour  much 
this  opinion.     Till  Laud's  time  we  have  little  of  the  Jus  Divinum. 
Bilhop  Stillingfleet's  Irenicum  carries  this  argument  very  far,  and 
looks  upon  the  particular  forms  of  church  government  not  to  be 
fixed  in  icripture,  but  left  ad  libitum^)  and  to  be  determined  by  the 
wifdom  of  the  church,  as  fliould  be  found  moft  fuitable  to  the 
circumtlances  of  it  ;   he   retracted  this  opinion  afterwards,    but 
never  anfwered  thoroughly  his  own  arguments.      I  only  mention 
this  to  ihew,  that  the  current  opinion  of  the  century  after  the  Re- 
formation was  pretty  uniform  as  to  the  point  of  epifcopacy ;   but; 
llnce,  there  have  been  better  arguments  produced  thaYi  were  be- 
fore thought  of.      I  made  a  vifit  to  old  father  Strype,  when  in 
town  lart ;  he  is  turned  of  ninety,  yet  very  brhk,  and  with  only  a 
decay  of  fight  and  memory ;   he  would  fain  have  induced  me  to 
undertake  Archbilhop  Bancroft's  life*,  but  I  have  no  llomach  to 
it,  having  no  great  opinion  of  him  on  more  accounts  than  one. 
He  had  a  greater  inveteracy  againft  the  Puritans  than  any  of  his 
predecelTors.      Mr.  Strype  told  me.  that  he  had  great  materials 
towards  the  life  of  the  old  Lord  Burghley  and  Mr.  Fox  the  mar- 
tyrologift,  which  he  wiflied  he  could  have  finiilied,  but  moft  of 
his  papers  are  in  chara6lers;   his  grandibn  is  learning  to  decypher 
them.      I  ihall  tire  you  with  my  fcribble,  fo  fliall  only  add,  that 
if  the  court  be  any  where  but  at  Richmond  I  fliall  have  theplea- 
fnre  of  meeting  you  the  1 5th  of  June.  There  are  three  Sundays  in 
the  part  affigned  me  and  my  colleague;   I  fuppofe  we  muft  take 
care  of  them ;  the  fifth  Sunday  was  ufed  to  be  fupplied  by  one 
who  was  no  chaplain,  but  now  I  fuppofe  it  is  otherwife.      I  am, 
with  humble  fervice  to  your  lady,  dear  Sir,  your  obedient  fervant, 

Samuel  Kp>jight. 
I  fuppofe  the  chaplains  did  not  go  in  the  proceilion  at  the  wedding. 

*  Dr.  Knight  drew   up  a  Life  of  Bifliop  ?a:rick,  which  he  lent  Mr,  Whiflon   in  1734.     See 
V  hillcn'E  Memoirr,  vol.  L   p.  2.     They  are  ftill  exiiliiig,   we    are  infoiir.cd,   in  the  hands  of  his 

XLllI, 


MR.     BELL     TO     MR.     R.     GALE.  169 

XLIIL 

Letter  from  Beaupre  Bell,  Efq.  to  Mr.  Gale,  Avith  aa  ancient 
Painting  of  Chaucer,  and  concerning  fomc  Antiquities  found 
in  the  Fens  in  Cambhdgefliire,  d,nd  a  Medal  of  Carauiius. 

CrTj  Bcaiiprchail,  Norfolk, 

^^^'  Jh".  .4,  .733-4. 

What  little  colledion  of  Antiquities  I  have  lye  in  my  cham- 
bers at  Cambridge,  and  I  will  write  to  a  friend  there  to  fearch  out 
a  medal  of  Caraufius*,  which  is  extremely  at  your  fervice,  and 
wifli  you  had  pleafed  to  mention  fome  more,  that  the  requeft 
might  have  been  of  fome  bulk,  as  there  will  be  danger  of  lofing 
fo  fmall  a  piece  in  the  carriage.  I  beg  leave  to  fend  with  it  a 
carton  of  Chaucer,  pafted  on  a  pannel  of  wainfcot,  of  fome  anti- 
quity, and  pretty  well  i^referved.  1  had  once  a  defign  of  publifli- 
ing  that  author,  and  colledting  w^hat  memoirs  1  could  ;  but  have 
laid  it  afide,  and  fliall  be  glad  to  affift  any  gentleman  with  the 
collcvStions  of  what  manufcripts  I  have  made. 

There  is  no  doubt,  as  you  obferve,  that  the  Romans  inhabited 
the  fenny  parts  of  Cambridgelhire  very  early;  the  ftupendous 
banks  flill  remaining  fhew  them  to  have  firil  undertaken  the 
draining,  and  their  coins  frequently  found  in  the  Great  Level 
tell  us,  they  remained  here  at  leaft  till  Gratian's  time;  for,  befides 
thefe  found  at  March  t,  multitudes  have  been  dug  up  in  other 
places  not  far  diftant,  as  at  Elme,  part  of  which  fell  into  my  hands, 
of  which  I  enclofe  a  catalogue:}::  and  at  Welney,  whence  I  had 
moft  of  my  Caraufuis's,  particularly  that  which  you  are  fo  kind 
as  to  accept.      Many  other  monuments  alfo  of  them  have  been 

*  The  fame  as  expreffed  in  Haym's  Teforo  Britan.  Plate  XXVH.  6.  and  p.  286. 

+  of  which  fee  before,  p.  163. 

X  Nothing'curious  among  them.  They  were  of  Gallienus  Salonina,  Vidorinus  fen.  Claudius 
Gothicus.  Tetricus  fen.  and  jun.  all  of  the  third  brafs ;  Dioclefian,  Conilantinus  M.  of  the  fecond 
brafs  J  Valentinian  and  Gratian  of  the  third  brafs. 

Z  difcovered, 


lyo  MR.     BELL    TO    MR.    R.     GALE. 

difcovered,  as  an  altar  at  Elme  21  inches  high,  but  no  ways  re- 
markable, and  the  pipes  of  aqua2ducls  at  Wifbich  and  Walpole. 

The  urns  which  contained  the  coins  at  Welney  lay  within 
reach  of  the  plow-fliare,  and  demonftrate  that  the  furface  of  the 
country  in  thofe  parts,  which  have  not  been  fubjedt  to  overflow- 
ing, remains  in  the  fame  Hate  it  was  1500  years  ago,  and  confe- 
quently  that  the  turf  or  moor  does  not  vegetate. 

The  Roman  remains  all  round  us  induce  me  to  think,  that  this 
town  of  Well  is  of  Roman  original  alfo,  which  I  conje(5lure  from 
the  name,  having,  I  confefs,  met  with  notliing  here  that  feems 
to  have  belonged  to  that  people,  unlefs  the  inftrument  in  plate  IV. 
fig.  18.  It  is  of  brafs,  and  the  part  a  paiTes  through  b,  and 
is  fattened  with  a  nutt,  but  of  what  ufe  it  has  been  I  cannot  con- 
jedlure. 

Mentioning  this  town,  you  may  not  be  difpleafed  to  fee  a  fhort 
account  of  it,  which  I  have  juft  drawn  up  for  Mr.  Blomefield,  who 
is  writing  a  Hiftoryof  Norfolk,  which  when  you  have  done  with 
pray  feal,  and  fend  to  the  poft.  I  am  much  better  furnilhed  with 
materials  for  Cambridgefliire;  and  if  there  is  any  town  in  that 
coimty,  or  the  I  fie  of  Ely,  that  you  would  gladly  fee  fome  notices 
of,  I  believe  I  can  furnifli  you,  and  am,  yours, 

Beaupre  Bell,  Jun. 
P.  S.  You  may  not  perhaps  have  feen  Mr.  Blomefield's  Pro- 
pofids,  therefore  inclofe  them,  and  defire  to  receive  them  at  leifure 
by  the  poft:  he  is  a. laborious  man,  and  among  other  afliftance 
has  the  ufe  of  Mr.  P.  Le  Neve's  papers,  who  fpent  many  years  in 
collefting  materials  for  a  Hiftory  of  Norfolk. 


XLIV. 


MR.    CHARLES    GRAY    TO    DR.    GREY.  171 

XLIV. 
Charles  Gray,  Efq.  (late  member  for  Colchefter)  to  Dr.  Z.Grey. 

DlTAP   Sir  Colcheftcr, 

JJi-AK  »1K,  January  29,  1735. 

I  wifli  it  was  in  my  power  to  convince  you    (in  a  better  manner 
than  by  the  fmall  prefent  that  now  waits  upon  you)   how  truly 
fenfible  I  am  of  the  honour  you  did  me  at  Cambridge.      This 
httle  deed,  I  muft  own,  I  have  long  looked  upon  as  a  curiofity,  as 
well  for  the  particularity  of  its  contents,   as  for  its  fairnefs  and 
antiquity.      I  have  not  yet  met  with  any  circumftances  whereby 
to  determine  the  exa6t  age  of  it;  but,  by  the  chara6ter,  I  take  it  to 
be  about  the  time  of  Richard  the  Firft.     The  lands  might   pro- 
bably lie  in  Effex,  as  the  deed  was  found  among  the  writings  of 
the  Effex  eftates  of  the  De  Veres  earls  of  Oxford.     The  name  of 
the  principal  party  being  exadlly  the  fame  as  yours,   and  the  arms 
of  the  family  fo  fair  upon  the  feal,  I  imagined  it  to  be  as  valuable 
to  you  as  to  any  body,  and  therefore  it  is  now  very  much  at  your 
fervice.  The  chriftian  name  of ....  de  Vilicis,  and  the  furname  of 
William  .  .  .  . ,  the  next  witnefs  but  one  to  him,  I  am  not  antiqua- 
rian enough  to  make  out;   but  beg  the  favour  of  you  to  tell  them 
me,  that  I  may  infert  them  in  the  copy  of  the  deed  which  is  by 
me.      The  MSS.  now  before  you  are  of  a  much  nobler  kind,  as 
being  of  more  general  ufe;  and  it  is  great  pity  but  that,  while  they 
are  in  fo  able  hands,   fuch  of  them  Ihould  be  methodized  and 
tranfcribed  as  might  ferve  for  a  Supplement  to  Rymer's  Foedera, 
and  for  the  lUuftration  of  our  Englilh  Hiflory. 

The  private  hiftory  of  families  relating  to  their  pedigree  and 
defcent,  I  think  (with  you),  has  alfo  its  ufes;  efpecially  in  the 
difcovery  of  inheritances,  that  might  otherwife  be  loft.  The  va- 
nity attending  it   is  indeed  very  often  ridiculous  enough;   but 

Z  2  when 


172 


MR.    CHARLES    GRAY    TO    DR.    GREY. 

when  a  man  has  the  good  fenfe  not  to  value  himfelf  upon  it,  and 
the  good  luck  to  be  valued  for  it  by  others,  there  is  then  no  harm 
in  it  that  way. 

Rapin  has  mentioned  fomewhere,  that  thofe  of  our  name  came 
from  Gray,  a  town  in  the  Franche  Comte,  and  had  probably  ho- 
nours and  lands  given  them  by  the  Conqueror,  or  his  immediate 
fucceflbrs,  among  other  Normans  and  Frenchmen,  who  made  the 
poiTeffions  of  the  former  inhabitants  their  prey.  It  is  a  w^onder 
people  fhould  plume  themfelves  on  their  defcent  from  thefe  fol- 
diers  of  fortune,  whofe  poffefFions  at  home  cannot  be  fuppofed 
ccnfiderable,  and  whofe  firft  acquifitions  here  were  little  better 
than  plunder. 

It  is  certain,  however,  th at feveral  noble  families  of  our  name  ap- 
peared very  early,  and  that  they  have  continued  pretty  prolific, 
there  being  great  numbers  of  them  all  over  the  kingdom,  both  in 
high  and  low  life.  Hitherto  I  have  been  negligent  enough  in 
my  enquiries  about  thefe  matters,  and  have  not  examined  whether 
my  own  defcent  be  from  thofe  heroes  De  Gray  in  France,  or  any 
humbler  ftrain.  I  only  know,  that  my  great-grandfather  lived  at 
or  near  Wellingborough  in  Nortbftmptonfhire,  and  had  feveral 
fons :  the  eldeft  of  them  (from  whom  I  am  defcended)  married  a 
daughter  of  Sir  E.  Peyton's  brother  of  Warwickfliire,  by  which  alli- 
ance I  am  now  become  the  neareft  related  to  that  good  family.  Any 
thing  farther  of  my  Wellingborough  friends  I  have  not  heard, 
but  poffibly  among  your  own  family  or  fome  of  your  name- 
fakes  you  may  have  found  fome  notices  of  them ;  and  if  it  fhould 
fo  happen  that  they  fliould  fliew  me  a  relation  of  the  worthy 
gentleman  to  whom  I  am  writing,  I  am  fure  that  would  give  me 
a  fenfible  pleafure :  but  whether  that  be  fo  or  not,  I  fliall  always 
be,  with  great  affection  and  refpedl,dear  Sir,  your  obedient  humble 
fervant,  Charles  Gray. 

Be  fo  good  to  prefent  my  hum.ble  fervices  to  Mr.  Baker,  and  the 
reft  of  our  friends,  XLV. 


MR.    BLACKWELL    TO    MR.    R.    GALE.  173 

XLV. 

Letter  from  Mr.  Thomas  Blackwell*,  Greek  Profeflbr  at  Aber- 
deen, to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  with  Remarks  upon  Cambridge,  Dr. 
Bentley,  &c. 

Cip  Grantham, 

'^^'^J  Oftoberz,  .73;. 

I  had  certainly  writ  to  you  from  Cambridge,  which  I  left  only 
laft  Tuefday,  but  being  refolved  to  pay  a  vifit  to  your  fon  and  Dr. 
Stukeley  at  Stanford,  I  delayed  that  pleafure  till  now;  when  I 
called  at  Peterfliill,  I  had  the  mortification  to  find  they  were  gone 
fomewhere  near  by  into  the  country.  You  will  now  allow  me  to 
difcharge  a  little  of  a  very  full  heart,  and  make  this  tell  yon,  that 
a  train  of  favours  beftowed  in  the  molt  obliging  manner,  have 
impreffed  me  with  the  trueft  gratitude  to  you,  and  that  an  oppor- 
tunity to  fhew  it  would  be  amongft  the  greateft  pleafures  of  my 
life.  The  effects  of  your  friendlliip  attended  me  very  fenfibly 
at  Cambridge,  which,  without  your  letter,  would  have  proved  as 
infipid  a  place,  as  Dr.  Middleton  made  it  entertaining.  He  kept 
my  friend,  a  Profeflbr  of  Glafgow,  and  myfelf,  to  dine  with  him 
and  fup,  in  that  eafy  familiar  manner  as  fliewed  our  welcome,  and 
treated  us  with  all  the  humanity  which  a  polite  ingenious  man 
could  do  to  thofe  recommended  by  you.  He  conducted  us  every 
where  himfelf,  made  us  look  over  all  his  curiofities,  contrived 
every  thing  for  our  convenience,  and  fent  us  away  with  a  great 
opinion  of  his  worth  and  underftanding.  I  can  write  nothing 
new  to  one  fo  well  acquainted  with  thefe  parts  as  you  muft  cer-- 
tainly  be;  but  as  the  obfervations  of  a  novice  ferve  to  divert  per— 
fons  of  more  experience,  I  will  fend  you  a  few  of  mine  upon 
C  ambridgefliire . 

*  The  celebrated  authorof  the  *'  Life  of  Homer,  i735,""8vo.  "Letters  on  M)-thology,  1748," 
8vo.  and  "  Court  of  Auguftiis,  17531"  3  vol,  410.  and  of  a  comment  on  a  Greek  iufcription, 
Archxol.  I.  333> 

The 


174  ^^R-     BLACKWELL    TO    MR.    R.    GALE. 

The  firft  thing  that  Itruck  me  was,  to  find  a  country,  not  over 
flocked  with  fuel,  fo  bare  and  ill-planted ;  then  cultivated  grounds 
lying  at  {o  great  a  diftance  from  any  human  habitation,  that  it 
muft  be  a  great  part  of  the  fatigue  to  bring  cattle  and  inltruments 
to  labour  them. 

The  town  of  Cambridge  looks  but  mean,  the  little  trade  it 
might  drive,  being,  I  fu^jpofe,  hampered  with  licences  to  be 
bought  of  the  Univerfity.  The  buildings  of  the  colleges  are  very 
fine,  and  have  been  coltly.  The  Senate-houfe,  both  within  and 
without,  is  one  of  the  nobleil  rooms  I  ever  faw.  The  King's- 
chapel  is  amazing,  not  fo  much  for  the  greatnefs  of  the  work 
(though  truly  great),  as  for  a  lightnefs  and  elegance  beyond  any 
Gothic  if  rupture  in  my  knowledge.  One  fliould  think  the  carv- 
ing was  but  newly  done,  it  looks  fo  frefli;  and  if  it  was  not  for  the 
moll  impertinent  mufic-gallery  which  cuts  it  in  two,  and  deflroys 
the  unity  of  the  delign,  it  might  perhaps  have  as  magnificent  an 
afpedl  as  any  old  building  in  Europe.  But,  after  all,  what  pleafed 
me  moft  at  Cambridge  of  this  kind  was,  the  fuite  of  colleges, 
King's,  St.  John's,  Trinity,  and  Clare-hall,  which  iland  upon  the 
river,  and  form  a  kind  of  a  faqade  of  a  moft  fumptuous  appear- 
ance, and,  with  their  gardens,  and  walks,  and  bridges,  mix  the 
rural  beauty  with  the  grandeur  and  Ifatelinefs  of  a  town.  Had 
this  facjade  been  uniform,  and  the  ground  on  both  fides  the  river 
been  truly  laid  out,  it  might  have  been  one  of  the  fineft  things  to 
be  feen  in  any  country ;  but  this  would  require  a  harmony  in  the 
black-gowns  not  very  common.  The  more  I  fee  of  the  Uni- 
verfity conllitution,  with  its  objedls,  I  am  the  more  perfuaded  of 
the  hazard  of  their  colleges  degenerating  into  convents,  and  of 
the  neceiTity  of  a  lay  government,  and  the  gymnaflic  exercifes, 
to  anfwer  the  good  ends  of  bringing  learned  men  into  a  college. 
It  is  certain,   real  learning  has  received  the  greateft  advantages 

from 


M R.     B  L  A  C  K  W  E  L  L     TO    M R.    R.    GALE.  i^s 

from  independent  gentlemen  in  free  countries.  Trinity  college 
library  is  a  noble  apartment,  and  richly  furnilhed :  that  part  of 
the  public  library  given  by  the  late  king  is  a  prclent  worthy  of  a 
great  prince.  I'he  keepers  fliewed  me  a  MS.  of  an  anonymous 
Greek  Lexicon,  but  know  nothing  of  Photius:  the  longer  1  think 
of  yours,  I  am  the  more  convinced  of  its  being  a  valuable  book. 

Dr.  Mead  having  been  fo  good  as  to  write  to  his  friend  Dr. 
Bentley,  that  I  intended  to  vifit  Cambridge,  the  old  gentleman, 
who  never  ftirs  abroad,  fent  for  us,  and  did  us,  I  am  told,  unufual 
honours.  We  fpent  fome  hours  with  him,  had  a  deal  of  con- 
verfation  about  himfelf,  and  fome  about  Manilius  and  Homer. 
He  fpoke  very  freely  ;  fo  I  found  his  emendations  of  the  latter 
folely  to  relate  the  quantity  of  the  verfc,  and  fupplying  the  lineSj, 
where  the  C^fura  cuts  off  a  vowel,  which  the  ancient  critics 
called  Miiach  or  Aafa^ov,  as  it  was  in  the  end  or  middle  of  the 
verfe.  This  he  does  by  inferting,  or,  as  he  fays,  by  reftoring  the 
Eolic  Digamma  F,  whicii  ferves  as  a  double  confonant,  and  which 
he  pronounces  like  our  W*;  thus,  dvTtc  ^£  b^^Kx.  Tsvyz  xuveacriVj 
he  reads,  dvT^c  §s  Yex6^iot  Tsvyj  zvvecraiv,  and  pronounces  autous 
de  Wheloria,  &c.  So  o(v(^^  Fo/y©-,  Wo'moSy  Wine,^ — '?f,  F/'fj  /^^/J", 
which  has  likevi'ife  the  found  of  the  Latin  Vis  ;  fo  they  faid,  ac- 
cording  to  him,  JVirgilius,  IVarro^  OwidiuSy  Wabl  Yet,  if  you 
pleafe  to  look  into  the  firft  or  fecond  Book  of  Dionyiius  Halicar- 
naffjeus's  Antiquities,  you  will  find  the  Digamma  explained  by  a 
$  in  Greek,  and  a  V  in  Latin,  and  the  other  Greeks  faid  indiffer- 
ently B/fyiAt©"  and  OuV^nAi©-,  Bxop'2v  and  Ovoco^uv.  But  the 
Do6tor  fays,  he,  and  Ariftarchus,  and  Demetrius  were  all  dunces, 
who  knew  nothing  of  the  Digamma,  which  he  himfelf  reftored 
the  ufe  of,  after  it  had  been  loit  2000  years.  If  this  grammatical 
chat  proves  any  diverfion  to  you  at  an  unemployed  hour,   I  fliall 

^   "  The  firft  io6  lines  of  the  firft  Book  of  the  Ilintl,  nearly  as  written  in  Homer's  Time  nnd 
"  Country,"  were  publiftied  by  Dr.  Salter  in  i  776,  Svo, 

think 


iy6  MR.    BELL    TO    MR.    R.    GALE. 

think  my  pains  happily  beftowed  in  writing  it,  and  in  any  ca<e  bs 
pleafed  to  accept  of  it  as  a  fmall  token  of  my  attachment  and  re- 
gard, who  am,  Sir,  your  moft  obUged  and  faithful  humble  fer- 
vant,  T.  Blackwell; 


XLVI. 
Beaupre  Bell,  Efq.  to  Dr.  Stukeley. 

T-\  C  t  T.  Beaupr£-hall, 

JJEAR  alRj  March  3,  1736. 

Having  given  the  newfman  diredions  not  to  bring  me  any 
parcel  while  there  was  danger  from  the  wet  weather,  did  not  re- 
ceive Seguin  till  Sunday  laft,  and  take  the  firfl:  return  of  the  poft 
both  to  acknowledge  that  favour,  and  the  pleafure  you  gave  me 
in  perufing  the  flieets  of  your  Palceographia  Sacra.  I  am  not 
much  acquainted  with  thefe abftrufe  parts  of  learning;  the  ftudy 
of  the  fcriptures  appears  to  me  more  difficult  than  any  other,  and 
the  applications  of  prophane  authors  in  the  manner  you  have 
begun  is  by  no  means  the  eafieft  part  of  it.  You  know  no  doubt 
that  Bochart,  L.  i.  c.  i8.  has  Ibme  thoughts  on  the  fame  fub- 
je6t  with  yours,  and  that  Defprez,  who  publiflied  Horace  in  ufum 
Delph.  in  his  comment  on  the  ode  you  have  undertaken,  applies 
theftories  of  Bacchus  to  the  true  hiftory  of  Moles  and  Noah,  which 
Dr.  Stillingflcet  alfo  does  in  his  Origines  Sacree.  There  are  two 
literal  errata  of  your  MS.  't3T  m  n»  in  the  fecond  note  for  'D"i  mn^ 
and  in  the  Ode,  1.  iS.feperatis  foryi^^r^s-Z/j,  which  I  would  not  men- 
tion, but  that,  unlefs  you  overlooked  the  prcfs  yourfelf,  they  may 
eafily  efcape  the  corre<Stor.  The  Rabbinical  commentators,  who 
afcribed  the  overthrow  of  Mofes  in  the  Red  Sea,  &c.  to  the  angel 
of  the  covenant,  are  fufficient  for  you  to  attribute  thofe  miracles 
1  to 


MR.    BELL    TO.    MR.    R.    GALE. 

to  the  Redeemer  of  the  world ;  byt  though  I  know  you  have  au- 
thority (Barrow,  v.  II.  Serm.  12.)    perhaps  a  note  would  not  be 
amifs,  to  fay  why  you  addrelTed  the  hymn  to  him  under  the  name 
Jehovah,  which  is  more  ufually  and  indeed  emphatically  applied 
to  God  the  Father,  as  the  word  itfelf  imports  by  the  eternity  ex- 
prefTed  in  it.      I  believe  alfo  your  own  opinion  would  be  well  re- 
ceived concerning  the  Song  of  Mofes,  Exod.  xv.  with  regard  to 
the  metre:  I  read  it  fome  years  ago,  but  could  not  difcover  either 
quantity  or  meafnre,  and  at  that  time  was  pretty  converfant  with 
the  Hebrew  tongue,   though  at  prefent  am  very  deficient  in  it ; 
wherefore  Cyntbius  aurem  vellit.     Part  of  the  names  of  Bacchus 
are  preferved  in  the  following  fragment,  the  verfion  at  leaft  of 
which  is  attributed  to  Aufonius  : 

A/fuTrJa  /^ej/  Oa^iQ  cfccj  Murwy  h  ^xvxKYiSt 

Myobarbum  Liberi  patris,  figno  marmoreo  in  villa  noilra  omnium 
Deorum  argumenta  habentis. 

Ogygia  me  Bacchum  vocat, 

Ofirin^^gyptus  putat, 

Myftae  Pharnacen  nominant 

Dionyfon  Indi  exiftimant, 

Roman  a  facra  Liberum, 

Arabica  gens  Adoneum, 

Lucaniacus  Panthecum. 
Adonis  is  manifeftly  i"iN  and  I6  probably  n». 
I  fliall  expedt  the  printed  copy  with  impatience;  and  as  you 
have  marked  this  N*^  I,  I  hope  it  will  be  followed  with  fome 
other  differtations.  I  remember  your  mention  of  me  on  the  an- 
cient coin  of  Claudius,  and  think  I  have  one  on  the  fubjedt.  Pray 
favour  me  with  a  flight  Iketch  of  the  figures,  that  if  mine  proves 

A  a  to 


»77 


178  MR.    BELL    TO    DR.    STUKELEY. 

to  be  the  medal  I  take  it  to  be,  I  may  enumerate  it.      Believe  me, 
dear  Sir,  yovir  much  obliged  humble  fervant, 

Beaupre  Bell,  Juii, 
May  not  the  vine  ufed  in  facrifices  have  fome  myftical  relation 
-    to  the  royal  pontiff  deftined  Jacrifice^  and  the  goat  be  taken  from  the 
fcnpe  goats? 


XLVII. 
Beaupre  Bell,  Efq.  to  Dr.  Stukeley. 

■nr4R    «;iR  Beaupre  Hall, 

I  fent  you  fome  time  ago  the  volume  of  Fabricii  Bibliotheca 
Graeca  which  has  his  Differtation  on  the  Crofs  faid  to  have  ap- 
peared to  Conftantine;  which,  being  a  library -book,  and  called 
for,  I  requeft  you  to  return  as  foon  as  you  can  fpare  it. 

You  receive  with  this  the  pafte  I  promifed  of  Hercules  combat- 
ing the  lion,  or  Sampfon  ;  with  fome  copies  from  gems  relating 
to  Bacchus  and  Hercules;  alfo  a  few  from  Greek,  and  one  Sama- 
ritan coin.  If  thefe  are  agreeable,  you  may  command  fome  others, 
which  I  have  not  at  prefent  leifure  to  caft. 

A  friend  of  mine  has  a  Tetradrachm  with  Bacchus  as  in  Dr. 
Kennedy's;  on  thereverfeHPAKAEOT2  SOTHPOI,  in  the  Exergue 
©ASIQN.  If  it  will  be  of  any  fervice,  believe  I  can  procure  a 
coj)y. 

When  I  came  to  examine  my  own  coins,  I  found  I  neither  had 
myfelf  nor  had  fent  one  of  AUedlus  to  Dr.  K.  infcribed  ?.  f.  i. 
AVG.  as  on  that  I  defired  you  to  accept;  wherefore  told  the 
Doctor  1  believed  you  would  readily  part  with  it  to  him :  but  he 
ftands  upon  the   pundlilio  of  not  having  an  obligation  to   two 

perfons 


DR.    HUNTER,  TO    DR.    GREY.  k;9 

perfons  for  the  fame  piece,  and  feems  notwithftaiuling  to  be  de- 
firous  of  it.  If  you  are  willing  to  let  him  have  it,  he  fliall  not 
be  obliged  to  both,  and  you  may  either  fend  it  yourfelf,  or  tranfmit 
it  to  me  for  him. 

As  you  defired  to  fee  that  volume  of  Hearne  wherein  is  an  ac- 
count of  Pythagoras's  Schools,  I  fend  it  herewith  ;  which,  being 
my  own,  you  may  ufe  as  long  as  you  think,  proper.  I  am,  with 
due  regard  to  your  lady,  Sir,  your  moft  "ibliged  humble  fervant, 

B.  Bell,  Junior. 


XLVIIJ. 
Dr.  Hunter  to  Dr.  Grey. 

Good     Sir,  November  29/ 1735. 

At  laft  my  papers  relating  to  our  Prebendary  Smart  were  pub- 
lifhed  laft  week ;  want  of  good  paper  and  new  types  were  a  ftop  in 
the  beginning.  I  beg  pardon  for  not  performing  my  promife  of 
fending  you  the  flieets  as  printed  off,  which  you  being  in  the 
country  I  attempted  not;  the  letters  being  to  come  thither  by  Lon- 
don, I  apprehended  the  poft-office  would  have  made  free  with  the 
franked  covers.    I  wifh  the  book  may  atone  for  my  fault. 

On  Saturday  laft  three  books  dire<5led  to  you,  to  be  left  at  the 
poft-houfe,  Caxton,  were  delivered  to  William  Bucktrout;   pleafe 
to  accept  one,  the  other  two  I  beg  you  will  fend  to  good  Mr 
Baker,  one  for  himfelf,  the  other  to  the  beloved  library  at  St, 
John's. 

It  was  my  own  fault  thefe  did  not  come  by  the  hands   of  Dr. 
Mangey*,  who  will  be  at   Cambridge  next  week,  who  ofi'ered 

*  Of  whom,  fee  the  "  Anecdotes  of  Mr.  Bowyer,"  p.  164. 

A  a  a  kindly 


i^o  DR.    HUNTER    TO    DR.    GREY. 

kindly  to  convey  them,  but  took  horfe  three  days  fooner  than  I 
expe(fted. 

This  unknown  hitherto  whim  of  pubhliiing  has  renewed  a 
former  thought  I  had  entertained,  of  trying  a  new  edition  of  one 
of  our  old  Bifhop's  well-known  works,  1  mean  Richardi  de  Bury 
Philobiblon,  which  undoubtedly  contributed  very  much  to  the 
reilitution  of  learning  in  the  dark  times  he  lived  m,  viz.  1436, 
and  was  publiflied  at  Spire  in  Germany,  anno  1483,  which  edi- 
tion I  have  never  feen. 

In  01  .  Epifcopal  library  I  have  a  MS.  in  8vo.  and  have  collated 
it  with  the  Oxford  edition  by  James.  As  foon  as  I  have  my  Lord 
Bifhop's  licence  fhall  begin  to  print  it,  and  fend  out  propofals, 
under  the  introduction  as  below, 

I  beg  you  prefent  my  humble  fervice  to  Mr.  Baker,  and  repute 
me.  Sir,  your  moft  humble  fervant, 

Christopher  Hunter. 

Hand  i?iacceptmn  munus  oblatnri  fwnus  Philologia  Studiojis  nova 
et  emaculata  editione  defiderati  hijque  diebiis  rarius  obvii  operis  Ri- 
eardi  de  Bury^  quadringentts  abbinc  annis  Dunelmenjis,  Epifcopi  de 
Amove  Librorum  ^  Injlitutione  Bibliotheca^  PbilobibJon  tnmcupati: 
Cui  accedet  Corollarium  ineditorum  facrorum  ^  civilium  ipfius  erii- 
dititijftmi  Au^oris  ex  Archivis  Cancellarice  reverendi[p.  Epifcopi 
Dune/m.  ut  et  Cartulariis,  Regiflrifque  reverend.  ^  honor atijf.  Viro- 
rum  Decani  ^  Capituli  Eccleji^e  Cathedralis  Dunehn,  alujque  MSS, 
perantiquis. 


XLIX. 


MR.    BELL    TO    MR.     R.     G  A.  L  E.  ,8] 


XLIX. 

Letter  from  Beaupae  Bell,  Efq.  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  of  two  Brafs 
Figures  [fee  Plate  IV.  fig.  19.]  found  near  London. 

Cin  Bi.-c!forc!-fircct,  Covcnt-Giirdcn, 

''^'^>  February  27,  173^. 

I  fliould  be  extremely  ungrateful,  if  I  did  not  rejoice  at  every 
opportunity  to  give  you  pleafure  ;  and  as  foon  as  I  return  to  the 
country  will  further  the  Otacilia  to  you,  which,  though  no  du- 
plicate, is  moft  heartily  at  yonr  fervice :   my  illnefs  has  hitherto 
prevented  my  fending  after  many  curiofities,  but  1  accidentally 
met  with  one,  which  is  a  couple  of  figures  in  brafs,  lately  found 
near  London,  a  fketch  of  which  you  receive  herewith,  and  the 
rather,  becaufe  I  could  not  defcribe  them  under  a  great  many 
words,  and  am  ignorant  of  the  ftory.     They  feem  to  have  had 
lilver  eyes,    though  now  out  of  the  fockets.      If  any  thing  occurs 
worthy  notice,  Ihall  take  the  liberty  of  writing;  and  am,  with  the 
greatefi;  refpedt,  dear  Sir,  your  moft  obliged  and  obedient  humble 
lervant,  Beaupre  Bell. 

L. 
Dr.  Hunter  to  Dr.  Grey. 

( : 

Good  Sir,  November^  .2,  ,738, 

I  return  moft  fincere  thanks  for  your  kind  prefent,  the  be- 
loved anfwer  to  Neale,  and  have  been  unfortunately  never  at 
Newcaftle,  whereby  I  am  deprived  from  waiting  upon  lawyer 
Grey. 

The  unknown  and  negledted  antiquities  of  this  church  and 
county  give  me  the  moft  diverting  pleafure,  having  the  happinefs 

to 


DR.    HUNTER    TO    DR.    GREY. 

to  be  admitted,  as  well  by  my  lord  bifliop  as  by  the  dean  and 
chapter,  to  learch  into  all  their  records. 

'1  wilh  the  inclofed  may  be  new  to  you:  thofe  lifts  we  have 
not  herewith,  the  copies  of  Cromwell's  foundation,  which  en- 
courages me  to  fend  them,  though  it  is  to  be  admired  if  they  have 
clcaped  good  Mr.  Baker's  fearches.  I  beg  you  will  prefent  him 
my  moft  humble  fervice. 

I  have  prevailed  with  the  chai)ter  to  take  your  three  volumes 
into  their  library.  Dr.  Sharp  does  the  fame  for  himfelf ;  the 
third  I  iliall  take,  and  as  others  fall  in  my  way  will  not  fail  to  fe- 
cure  them  for  you. 

Dr.  Sharp's  intimate  correfpondence  with  lawyer  Grey  Avill 
readily  contribute  to  notify  the  number  of  volumes  wanted  here. 

As  to  my  intended  edition  of  Richard  de  Bury,  my  lord  bifhop 
has  fo  julily  thought  the  prefent  age  unworthy  of,  if  not  gene- 
rally bent  againft  fuch  early  works,  as  promoted  the  reftoration  of 
literature;  I  own  at  that  time  men  of  eftates  and  courtiers  could 
convey  their  eftates,  offices,  and  favours  without  fubfcribing  their 
names,  by  the  impreflion  of  their  feals. 

The  difappointment  in  publifliing  my  volumes  of  Sir  Robert 
Bowes  and  Mr.  John  Bowes's  Letters*  during  their  fervice  to 
Queen  Elizabeth  in  Scotland,  appears  indeed  to  be  a  plot  of  fome 
of  the  nobility  of  that  nation,  unwilling  to  have  the  behaviour  of 
their  anceftors  to  Queen  Elizabeth  known,  which  my  lord  biftiop 
knows  now  very  well,  though  he  was  prevailed  with  to  difluade 
me,  but  at  prefent  is  very  delirous  they  flrould  be  publiflied.  I 
am,  good  Sir,  your  alTured  humble  fervant, 

Christopher  Hunter, 

*  Durham,  March  14.  We  hear,  That  there  will  (hortly  be  publifhed,  Tropofals  for  printing 
by  fubfcription,  on  a  new  type,  arc!  Dutch  paper,  in  folio,  ''  The  Letters  from  Sir  Robert  Bowes 
tf  Streatlilam  Cartle,  i-n  the  county  ■ot  Durham,  (an  honourable  anceftor  of  George  Boues,  Efq. 
at  prefent  Reprefentative  in  Parliament  lor  this  county),  Anibaflador  from  Qiiccn  Elizabeth  to 
King  James  (he  6th  of  Scotla-nd,  to  the  then  prime  Alinitter  of  State :  whereby  feverat  of  the 
tranfadjons  of  that  memorable  reign  are  fet  in  a  true  light,  and  the  fecret  fprings  of  adlon  laidopen." 

LI. 


DFL     STITKELEY    TO    MR.    n.    GALE.  183 

LI. 

Dr.  Stukeley's  Account  of  feveral  Roman  Antiquities,  difcovcrcd 
in  the  Road  near  Chelterton  in  Huntingdonihire,  in  a  letter  to 
Mr.  R.  Gale. 

May  i:,   1739. 

I  fliould  be  heartily  glad  to  fee  you  here,  and  would  meet  you 
at  Newark  whenever  you  would  appoint;   and  in  order  to  tempt 
you,  befide  the  Welden  pavement,  the  city  oi Durobrivd'^  Ghefter- 
ton,  will  afford  you  great  diverfion.      At  this  time,  they  are  car- 
rying on  the  turnpike  road  from  Kets  Gabin  to  Wansford  bridge, 
which  will  be  finiflied  this  fummer.      All  along  the  fide  of  the 
city,  which  I  fliewed  to  you  and  Dr.  Knight,  where  the  road  now 
goes,  was  the  burying-ground  of  the. place.      They  plow  along 
the  road  with  a  plow  drawn  by  fixteen  horfes;   when  the  earth  is 
thus  loofened,  they  have  200  pair  of  hands  to  caft  it  into  a  bank 
to  be  covered  with  gravel;   by  this  plowing  and  digging  they  daily 
find  innumerable  urns  and  coins,  &c.      They  have  dug  up  feveral 
ftone  cofhns  of  one  iione,  well  c\Tt,   covered  over  with    another 
handfome  flone ;   thefe  coffins   arfe  of  equal  breadth  throughout. 
They  dug  up  a  leaden  coffin.    All  had  fkeletons  in  them;   in  one 
a  coin  of  Antoninus  Pius,  another  had  the  fkeleton  of  a  woman  and 
a  child  in  the  womb,  injitu.      Another  had  two  pretty  little  un 
in  the  coffin,   one  on  each  lide,  v^hich  I  liave  got.      The   urns 
found  plentifully  are  of  a  different  clay  and  fiiape:    coins  of  all 
ages  from  firft  to  lafl  of  the  Roman  times.      I  have  got  feveral; 
a  filvcr  Nerva,  Reverfe,  libertas  pvblica;   I  took  up  a  fmall 
Valentinian,   brafi^,   Reverie,    victoria;   a  confecration-piece  of 
Conflantine  M.  going  tp  heaven  in  a  coach  and  four-i^.     Another 
cf  the  fame  emperor,  Reverfe,  pop.  roman.   Obverfe,   A  garland, 
within  it  a  flar  and  consh;   Quintillus,  and  feveral  others. 

*  T>.  N.  c  jxsTANTiNvs  P.   T.  AVG.  Rev.  Imp,  injqu.idrigis  dextr.ini  porrigit  mm  uni  in  aere 
pendenti.    Conlh  Clirift.  Tab.  5.  Occo  469. 

Likewife 


ijg^  MR.    S.    GALE    TO    DR.    STUKELEY. 

Likewife  on  the  dry  gravelly  hill  on  this  fide,  by  Stibbington- 
hedges,  they  crofs  another  burying  ground;  it  is  by  the  river 
fide:  I  often  ride  there,  and  find  great  diverfion.  We  fee  the 
Uftrina  or  burying-places,  where  the  earth  is  very  black  ;  and  bits 
of  charcoal  and  innumerable  fragments  of  urns;  the  ground  is 
ftrewed  over  with  them,  and  bones,  and  ftones  that  covered  them, 
for  a  mile  together.  We  traverfed  the  city  itfelf;  at  the  South 
gate,  diggiiig  fome  time  fince  to  let  the  water  out  of  one  ditch 
into  the  other,  they  found  the  foundations  of  the  gate  of  hewn 
ftone,  and  many  thick  iron  bars, '  tea  feet  long,  pointed  at  one 
end,  which,  I  fuppofe,  were  a  Portcullis.  The  Hermen-ftreet 
runs  quite  through  the  city,  and  crolfed  the  river  Nyne,  on  the 
bridge  of  wood  built  on  piers  of  flone,  and  fome  of  the  timbers 
were  taken  up  in  making  the  new  navigation,  and  ufed  in  that 
work.     I  am,  dear  Sir,  yours,  William  Stukeley. 


LII. 

Account  of  a  Stone  Bottle,  found  at  the  head  of  a  Stone  Coffin  at 
Lincoln.   In  a  letter  from  Mr.  Platt  to  Mr.  R.  Gale. 

Lincoln, 
June  i8,  1739. 

There  are  found  fevcral  ftone  coffins  in  and  about  this  town ; 
at  the  head  of  one  was  an  earthern  bottle,  which  I  have  in  my 
'cuflody ;  it  contains  about  three  half  pints,  made  of  an  oker- 
coloured  earth,  not  glazed,  neither  do  I  think  it  ever  burnt  like 
our  bottles  or  pots  made  by  potters.  I  have  fent  you  a  rude 
draught  of  it  (fee  plate  IV.  fig.  20.)  and  if  you  pleafe  will  fend 
you  the  bottle.  You  can  tell  whether  the  Romans  made  ufe 
of  them  in  their  burials.  I  fhall  be  glad  to  know  for  what 
purpofe.  There  are  feveral  urns  found  alfo  with  bones  in  them, 
but  no  coins.     I  am,  &c.  Joshua  Platt. 

I  LIII. 


W  R.    S.     G  A  L  E    T  O    D  R.     S  T  U  K  E  L  E  V.  ^8,5 

LIII. 
Letter  from  S.  Gale  Ei'q.  to  Dr.   Stukeley. 

•pir-M)      QtV)  Bedford  Row, 

After  my  thanks  for  your  kft  kind  epiillc,  this  is  to  acquaint 
you  that  I  was  greatly  rejoiced  to  hear  that  my  Irfter  had  found 
her  ParanhernaUa  again.    I  faid    that   flie  had  hid  them  herfelf, 
but  could  not  remember  where;   but  your  friend  Peck  has  been 
robbed  indeed,   in  his  flight  to  Melton  Mowbray,  and  loft  all  his 
cole.      I  communicated  that  part  of  your  letter  about  the  urn  at 
Durobrivis  to  the  Antiquaries,   who  would  be  glad  of  a  drawing 
of  it  to  place  in  their  archives.     Your  Stonehenge  is  well  received, 
and  Mr,  Viceprefident  Folkes  told  me  he  had  made  a  fine  model  of 
it  in  mahogany  fince  he  had  read  your  book  ;  and  it  is  agreed,  if 
you  can  maintain  the  truth  of  your  menfurations,  the  whole  muft 
be  owned   a   demonftration.      At  length,    the  mighty  critic  has 
fallied  out  to  attack   Mr.  Wife's  White  Horfe,   under  the  title  of 
"The  Impertinence  and  Impofture  of  Modern   Antiquaries  dif- 
"  played,"  printed  by  Ofborne,  Paternofter-Row,  the  author  Phi- 
lalethes  Rufticus*.      I  am  this   inftant  going  to    diffed:   him   at 
Hampftead.      I  thank  you  for  your  kind  invitation  to  Stamford  ; 
but  my  time  will  not  permit  me  to  take  that  tour,   efpecially  be- 
fore your  expedition  to  the  North.    Mr.  Roger  defigns  fliortly  for 
the  lame  place.      Town  I    was    concerned  to  find  you  gone  to 
your  inn  the  Sunday  evening  before  you  left  London.      I  came 
from   Hampftead,  and  was  at  home  by  feven,  according  as  I  left 
word,  but  the  weather  being  very  wet  ami  cold,  1  chofe  to  de- 
cline difturbing  you  at  your  quarters,  which  I  hope  you  will  ex- 
cufe.      1  fliall  not  fail  to  talk  with  your  friend  Dyer  about   the 
affair  you  hinted  to  me  at  a  proper  opportunity;   fo,  wifliing  you 
and  my  filler  a  profperous  journey  to  Scruton,    I  am,    dear  Sir, 
Your  afFedionate  brother,  and  very  hupable  feryant,         S.  Gale. 

*   See  Bri',  Top,  I,  177,  and  the  Anectlotes  of  Mr,  Bo'vycr,  p.  112. 

B  b  LIV. 


iS6  DR.    STUKE  LE  Y    TO    MR.    R.    G  ALE. 

LIV. 

Obfervations  made  by  Dr.  Stukeley  in  Yorkfliire.     In  a  letter 

to  Mr.  R.  Gale. 

July  13,  1740- 

I  parted  with  you  at  Godmundham  with  much  concern;  after 
I  overcame  my  grief,  I  puflied  for  Driffield,  and  arrived  there  by 
eight  at  night.  The  church  there  is  very  ancient :  in  it  a  baffe- 
relievo  of  Paulinas.  Next  morning  I  walked  in  pilgrimage  to 
viiit  my  patron's  tomb  at  Little  Driffield  ;  it  is  in  the  quire  about 
knee  high,  feemingly  of  that  antiquity,  but  I  fufpe6t  they  have 
laid  a  new  blue  ftone  over  it.  Here  repofes  the  great  king  Alk- 
frid,  who  lived  in  our  caftle  (at  Stanford),  and  built  the  church 
formerly  before  my  door,  and,  I  believe,  founded  the  Univerfity 
there.  However,  he  brought  Chriflianity  into  the  kingdom  of 
Mercia,  and  gave  his  chaplain  Wilfrid  the  ground  on  which  he 
founded  our  St.  Leonard's. 

Beverley  church  is  an  extraordinaryrbeauty,  nothing  inferior  to 
York  minfter,  but  fomewhat  lefs.  I  viewed  with  pleafure  the 
North  gable  end,  which  they  raifed  to  its  perpendicular,  from 
which  it  had  ffipped  three  feet;   an  aftoniffiiiig  attempt--.  :,  , 

I  had  an  extravagant  pleafure  in  viewing  my  Britiffi  temple  on 
the  Lincolnfliire  bank  of  the  Humberit.  It  is  the  moft  confiderable 
antiquity  in  the  world.  If  Britain  was  inhabited  before  the  Flood, 
this  might  then  be  here  ;  there  is  fome  fufpicion  of  it.  I  found  i^ 
out  in  June  1724,  but  did  not  rightly  underftand  it  till  lafl 
Chriftmas,  when  my  thoughts  were  upon  publifhing  Stonehenge. 

*  The  editor  of  thefe  letters  has  frequently  heard  from  the  late  Mr.  Samuel  Buck,  who  died 
Augiifi  17,  1779,  aged83,  the  following  :inecdote  relative  to  this  Bold  undertaking.  Being  at  Be- 
ver'ey  at  the  tin. e  they  were  fcrewing  up  the  gable,  he  obferved  one  of  the  icrews  had  given  way  ; 
and  tho' his  filcnce  might  have  been  attended  with  the  moll  fatal  confeqi'ences,  Mr.  Thornton^ 
thciiigenioiis  contriver  of  the  machinery,  received  his  information  with  m.j'.ifeft  dlfguft^ — as  if  of. 
fended  at  the  accidenral  failure  ot^  bis  fkiil.  A  reprefentation  of  the  ^ble,  with  tUe  machinery 
drawn  by.  Kdward  Geldart,  was  engraved  by  P.  Fourdriaier,  1739. 

f'  -Engraved  and  defcribed  at  the  end  of  "  Abuiy." 

2  My 


DR.     STUKELEY     TO     MR.     R.     g'a  L  K. 

My  lord  Burlington  was  at  Lincoln^  he  called  upon  Mr.  Simfon, 
and  law  the  Roman  Hypocault.  He  declared  the  front  of  the 
minfterthe  fined  in  Europe,  and  that  the  cathedral  in  general  ex- 
ceeded that  of  York.  I  was  once  of  that  opinion,  but  the  effedl 
produced  either  by  York  or  Beverley  very  much  exceeds  Lin- 
coln; and  though  the  latter  has  a  greater  profulion  of  carved 
work  and  ornamenting,  yet  the  general  pro])ortion  of  York  is 
much  grander,  and  well  adjr;{ted,  and  the  whitenefs  of  the  ftone 
renders  it  incomparably  more  beautiful ;  the  like  is  to  be  faid  of 
Beverley.  I  took  notice  of  the  Roman  gate  at  Lincoln,  the 
Northern  one,  much  preferable  to  Micklegate,  and  thofe  at  York. 

William  Stukeley. 

LV. 

Letter  from  Maurice  Johnson,  Efq.  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  of  Urns 
found  at  Elmham  in  Norfolk,  and  Swords  of  brafs  found  at 
Amblefide  in  Weftmorland. 

December  aS,  1741. 

I  thank  you,  good  Sir,  for  the  infcription  of  the  altar  found  at 
Boulneffe ;  as  do  our  Society,  with  their  regards  to  you. 

This  Mufeum  has  been  enriched  lately  with  a  fmall  emboffed 
and  figured  urn,  with  burnt  bones  and  afhes  therein,  of  ferae 
young  peribn  of  diftincftion,  fent  us  by  a  Member  from  Elmham 
in  Norfolk,  whence  we  had  a  large  but  ordinary  one  before. 

My  friend  Mr.  Bertie,  who  has  an  eftate  in  Weftmorland,  and 
is  a  member  of  our  Society  here,  fent  an  account  of  two  broad 
fwords,  afpear  point,  a  ftaff  bottom,  with  a  celt  or  chiiTel,  all  of  fine 
tough  brafs,  found  in  a  bundle  together  at  Amblefide  laft  fummer, 
which  he  takes  to  be  Roman,  but  I  conceive  to  be  all  Britifii; 
chiefly,  becaufe  I  believe  the  Romans  had  the  ufe  of  iron  long 
before  their  firft  defcent  into  this  ifland,    and  had  difufed  that 

B  b  2  other 


iS8  DR.     KNIGHT    TO    DR.    GREY. 

other  metal  for  fuch  fort  of  arms ;  and  likewife,  bccaufe  I  be- 
lieve the  Tribunes'  fwords,  or  Perizonia,  were  the  only  broad 
fwords  ufed  by  the  Roman  foldiery;  the  reft  being  all  Mucrones, 
ftrong,  ftifi;  fliarp-pointed,  ftabbing,  or  thrufting  fwords.  1  re- 
member fome  fuch  line  as 

Prior  Mris  erat  quam  Ferri  cognitus  ufus^ 
and  that  the  Brazen  preceded  the  Iron  Age;  but  when  the  Ro- 
mans had  the  general  ufe  of  the  latter  metal  I  know  not,  though 
1  conceive  from  the  marbles  and  other  defigns  of  theirs  left  us, 
that  the  fwords  I  have,  which  were  dug  up  between  Stamford  and 
us,  and  are  fliort,  ftifF,  ftabbing  weapons  of  good  fteel,  are  Ro- 
man, and  belonged  either  to  the  forces  quartered  here  under 
Loilius  Urbicu?,  or  D.  Catus,  who  both  left  their  names  to 
bridges,  channels,  and  places  where  they  built  forts  in  thefe 
parts.  M.Johnson. 


LVI. 
Dr.   S.  Knight  to  Dr.  Z.  Grey. 

(,  February  21,  1 741. 

Having  an  opportunity  of  a  frank  cover  from  the  bifliop  of 
St.  Afaph,  I  had  a  mind  to  give  you  a  line  of  the  prefent  lituation 
of  affairs.  I  never  knew  fuch  a  general  harmony  and  coalition 
of  parties  in  my  time  as  at  prefent.  I  had  the  honour  yefter- 
day  to  preach  before  his  majefty,the  prince  and  princefs  of  Wales,, 
and  the  reft  of  the  royal  family,  at  St.  James's  chapel,  the  firft 
time;  there  was  a  numerous  court.  Mr.  Pulteney  (who  has  had 
the  greateft  ftiare  in  this  happy  union)  was  there;  the  Duke  of 
Argyle,  Mr.  Sandys,  Lord  Carteret,  were  all  with  Lord  Wilming- 
ton.    Very  fteady  raeafures  aie  refolved  upon  in  relation  to  the 

Queen 


DR.    K  N  I  G  II  T     TO    DR.    G  II  E  Y.  189 

Qiiecn  of  Hungary.  The  Duke  of  Argyle  fets  out  on  Thurfday 
for  HoUau'l,  to  bring  the  Dutch  to  reafon,  and  to  engage  them  to 
break  off  their  attachment  to  PYance.  We  have  frefli  and  good 
news  from  Bavaria,  that  the  Queen  has  great  fuccefs  againft  the 
new  Emperor,  and  has  regained  her  lofs  in  Bohemia.  1  faw  the 
now  Earl  of  Orford  introduced  into  the  Houfe  of  Lords  ;  he  looks 
much  deje<fted.  Poor  Dr.  Twells  died  on  Friday,  and  left  a  large 
family  very  deftitute*.  That  day  Dr.  Stebbing  gave  the  Society 
for  propagating  the  Gofpel  in  Foreign  parts  a  good  fermon.  Dean 
Pearce's  Clerum  is  wrote  againft  very  fharply.  The  BiQiop  of  St, 
David's  goes  to  Exeter;  Dr.  Ilutton  fuceeeds  him.  I  am,  in 
hafte,  Sir,  your  very  humble  fervant,  Samuel  Knight. 

*  Matthew  Twells,  D.  D.  i-cftor  of  St.  Matthew's,  Friday-flreet,  and  St.  Peter's,  Cheapfuie, 
prebendary  of  St.l'aul's,  and  one  of  the  le£liirers  of  St.  Dunftan's  in  the  Weft.  He  publifhed  by 
Aibfcription  in  1740,  "  The  Theological  Works  of  Dr.  Pococke,"  in  two  volumes,  folio ;  of 
which,  in  a  letter  to  Dr.  Grey,  he  defcribes  the  expence  to  have  been  at  lead  ^Bol.  and  tlie  nnm- 
berof  fublcribers  who  were  likely  to  take  tip  their  books  to  be  300  at  two  guine:!s  each  ;  "  fo 
"  that  the  reward  of  the  Editor,"  to  ufc  his  own.  words,  "  for  writing  the  life,  compilino- in- 
"  dexes,  collating  and  correfting  the  errata  of  the  old  edition,  which  (with  follicitino- for  fub- 
*'  fcriptions,  travelling  to  London,  Oxford,  &c.)  have  more  or  lefs  employed  his  time  and 
"  exercifed  his  patience  for  five  years  laft  paft,  will  be  but  50I."  He  did  not  longfurvive  the  pub- 
lication of  this  work,  dying  February  19,  1741-2.  A  letter  from  his  fon  to  Dr.  Grey  will  flii\/ 
the  fituation  in  which  his  family  were  left  by  this  event  :  "  The  hopes  that  you  are  pleafed  to 
"  exprefs.  that  my  father  died  in  tolerable  good  circumltances,  proceeded,  1  fuppofe,  rather  from 
*'a  good-uill  to  him  and  us  his  poor  remains,  than  from  any  calculation  of  his  income.  1  liave 
"  hiro  for  an  example  of  virtue  and  labour,  not  of  fortune.  He  had  no  more  than  one  hundred 
"  pounds  a  year  to  fupport  five  children  with,  till  within  five  years  of  his  death.  And  when  it 
*!^  pJeafed  God  to  remove  him  to  Town,  the  expences  of  his  removal,  his  Firft  Fruits  above  fifty 
•'  pounds,  his  repairing  the  reftory-houfe,  which  had  not  been  inlnbited  for  fifty  vears  by  a  redor 
"  to  the  amount  of  near  an  hundred  pounds,  and  the  expences  of  my  brother's  education  and 
"  death  in  tne  Uuiverfity,  were  a  fore  drain  for  his  advantages.  But  notwirhllanding  all  this,  I 
"  begyou  to  affure  Mr.  Rutherforth  (of  whofe  care  and  tendernef;  to  my  brother  I  am  very  fenii- 
"  ble)  that  he  fliall  be  paid  to  a  farthing,  when  we  have  coUcfted  my  father's  dues,  whofe  credits 
"  I  am  ceri.:iH  will  difcharge  his  debts,  and  no  farther.  We  are  left  indeed  to  the  wide  world 
"  without  any  patrimony,  but  with  the  bleffing  of  God  derived  to  us  by  a  pious  father,  unlets 
•'  prevented  by  our  demerits.  By  the  advice  of  our  friends,  1  have  publilfied  prcpofals  for  nrint- 
"  ing,  by  fuhi'cription,  my  father's  Boyle's,  and  Lady  Moyer's  Sermons,  and  wait  for  your  per- 
'*  miffion  to  fend  you  down  fome  fign'd  receipts."  T.vcnty-four  of  his  Sermons  at  Mr.  Boyle's 
Leisures,  eight  rit  Lady  Moyer's,  and  thiee  oecafional  Sermons,  v.ere  pubiiflied  in  two  volumes, 
8vo.  1743. 

Dr.. 


ipo 


DR.    KNIGHT    TO    DR.    GREY. 

Dr.  Mangey's  Philo-Judaeus  is  come  out  ia  t%to  volumes;  it 'is 
dedicated  to  the  Archbiihop  of  Canterbury.  Eifliop  Tanner's  fon 
is  to  marry  his  Grace's  daughter;  he  is  to  have  Archdeacon  Geri- 
fon's  Uving  in  town,  a  prebend  of  Canterbury,  &:c.  Alured  Clark 
had  been  Bifliop  of  St.  David's  in  two  days,  if  this  change  had  not 
happened;  but  I  think  him  now  nearer  death  than  a  Biflioprick.-' 


LVII. 
Dr.  S.  Knight  to  Dr.  Z.  Grey. 

_.  „  Sarum, 

Dear  biR,  May  12, 1741. 

Having  finiflied  my  vifitation  in  Berkfliire,  I  am  got  here  in 
order  to  preach  my  turn  at  the  cathedral  on  Sunday,  and  to,  look 
over  the  fcripts  and  charts  in  the  Chapter-houfe,  which  (though 
very  confiderable)  yet  lie  very  much  negledled :  I  hope  to  find  out 
many  things  not  yet  taken  notice  of,  relating  to  the  ancient  ftate 
of  this  church.  I  gave  the  lift  of  Convocational  pieces  to  the 
chancellor  of  Peterborough ;  he  thanks  you  for  it,  and  will  bor- 
row fome  of  them  when  he  fixes  to  writing.  Nothing  was  done 
to  any  purpofe  at  our  lail  meeting  in  Convocation.  There  were 
fome  good  fpeeches  on  both  fides,  but  the  reading  of  the  paper 
delivered  to  the  Houfe  by  Dr.  Reynolds  was  put  off  till  the  19th 
inltant.  I  hope  to  be  there  at  the  time:  if  nothing  is  done  then, 
I  think  I  fhall  never  again  put  myfelf  to  any  trouble  of  the  fame 
kind.  I  am  forry  I  could  not  be  at  the  Feaft  of  the  Sons  of  the 
Clergy  laft  Thurfday ;  but  more  forry  that  the  colle<5lion  was 
fo  fmall.  The  collection  for  the  Society  for  Propagation  of  the 
Gofpel,  Sec.  goes  on  very  fuccefsfully :   it  is  believed  it  will  amount 

in 


MR.    KNIGHT    TO     M  K.     R.     GALE. 

rn  the  whole,  through  Enghind,  to  8000I.  The  Bifhop  of  St. 
Afoph's  Sermon  on  the  Feait-day  is  in  the  prefs ;  if  out  before  I 
leave  the  town,  I  fhall  have  one  for  you  as  a  prefent  from  the 
bifliop  ;  he  is  the  firif  bhhop  that  ever  preached  on  that  occafion. 
Dr.  Wilkins  is  ready  to  put  to  the  prefs  Biihop  Tanner's  Bqflon  de 
vlrisillujlribiis  Anglict''^\  he  brings  it  down  to  King  James  the  Firft: 
the  Literary  Society  have  engaged  in  the  printing  of  his  Notitia 
Monaftica\^  in  two  volumes,  folio.  I  hope  the  fenior  pro6lor, 
Mr.  Beaby,  fent  the  Archdeacon  of  Lincoln's  letter  to  the  prolo- 
cutor;  be  pleafed  to  fend  it  to  my  fon  with  the  enclofed.  I 
am,  with  humble  fervice  to  your  lady  and  Mrs.  Mofs,  dear  Sir,, 
your  aifedtionate  humble  fervant, 

S.  Knight. 

LViir. 

Letter  from  the  Rev.  Mr.  Knight  of  Harwood,  to  Mr.  R.  Gale, 
concerning  fome  Roman  coins,  found  at  Eccup,  near  Leeds. 

Harwood, 

Oiflober  II,  1742. 

The  Roman  coins  found  this  fpring  near  Eccup,  and  on  the 
fuppofed  fite  of  Btirgodunum,  were  contained  in  a  pot,  that  was 
accidentally  broken  by  a  paring  fpade,  and  fcattered  in  the  cir- 
cumjacent foil,  and  there  found  in  feveral  parcels  to  the  number  of 
500,  which  were  put  into  the  hands  of  Mrs.  Arthington,  mother 
of  the  prefent  lord  of  that  foil,  who  was  pleafed  to  favour  me  with 
a  permiffion  of  taking  from  thence  what  I. found  for  my  purpofe, 
after  I  had  cleaned  them. 

Thefe  were  all  of  the  fmall  copper,  and.coniifted  of  the  coins 
of  the  following  emperors  :Valerianus  fen.  whereof  there  was  only 
one,  the  Reverfe  apollini  conservat.  not  very  fair  ;  Gallienus, 
Salonina  his  emprefs,  of.  whom  alfo  there  was  no  more  than  one, 

*  He   means   "  Bibliotheca  Britonnico-  Hibernlca.,"  printed  by  the  Literary  Society,   1748,   of 
which  Boftoii's  Caialogue  of  writers  makei  a  very  fmall  part  of  the  preface, 
•J-  It  was  piHftted  by  thai  ooeiety  in  one  volume,  1744,  folio, 

whofa 


191 


192  M'R.     KNIGHT    TO    U  R.    R.    G  A  L  E. 

whofe  Reverfe  was  the  figure  of  Pudicitia,  the  legend  was  moil:iy 
defaced;  Polthumus  fen.  a  fingle  one  of  Laelianvis,  with  Vic- 
toria Aug.  which  being  fomewhat  diiierentin  figure  from  one  I 
had  before,  I  took  myfelf;.\'itlorinus  fen.  and  one  of  his  fon,  as 
I  fuppofe,  from  tlie  name  of  pi  before  victorinvs,  with  Salus 
Aug.  on  the  Reverfe.  which  name  of  pi  other  coins  of  his  father 
.are-  without,  that  have  the  Reverfe.  Thofe  of  Tetricus  fen. 
and  jun.  whofe  coins  moil  abounded  here,  and  next  to  theirs  thofe 
of  Vi6torinus  fen.  With  thefe  were  fome  of  Claudius  Gothicus, 
and  two  or  three  of  his  brother  Quintillus,  which  I  referved  for 
my  own  ufe. 

Thefe  coins  throw  fome  light  on  the  Roman  ftation  of  Bur- 
oodu?7um,  where  none  have  been  found  before,   that  I  have  had 
any  knowledge  of,  except  a  filver  one  of  Trajan,   and  another  of 
large  brafs  of  the  fame  emperor,  very  much  defaced,  that  fell  into 
my  hands  fome  years  ago:   for   as   to   the  filver  coins  found  at 
Cookridge  in  Mr.  Thorefby's  time,  though  they  feem  to  confirm 
the  Roman  vicinal  way,   yet  they  are  not  fo  authentic  an  evidence 
for  the  ftation  of  Biirgodunum^  from  which  Cookridge  is  at  leaft. 
a  mile  diftant,    as  the  fmall  coins  before  mentioned;   from  the 
loweft    of    which    it    aj^pears,     that    the    Roman    Biirgodunum 
flourifhed  confiderably  longer    (viz.  about    80  years)    than  Mr. 
Thorefby  imagined  ;   for  he  afligns  the  reign  of  Severus  for  the 
lateft  date  thereof,  from  the  remarks  he  makes  on  the  form  of 
the  letter  A5  found  on'  a  funeral  monument  near  that  place;    and 
it  is  farther  pbfervable   from  the  coins  of  Trajan  aforefaid,   that 
the  antiquity  of  that  ftation  rifes  at  leaft  as  high  as  that  emperor's 
reign;   and  if  the  filver  coin   of   Vitellius  found  at  Cookridge, 
and  mentioned  by  Thorefby,  be  allowed;  any  authority  in  behalf 
of  its  antiquity,  it  riles  yet  higher. 

*  v.  Bandar,  T.  i.  p.  332,   where  he  places  thefe  coins  witli  n  to  Viftorinus  fen,    I  have  cne 
cf  Viftorinus  fen,  with  the  Reverfe  j  Mrs  avg,  but  without  the  pi.     R.  G, 


DH.    RAWLINS  ON    TQ    MR.    R.    GALE. 

The  reft  of  the  coins  found  near  that  ftation,  except  fome  few 
which  I  picked  out  fqr  my  own  ufe,  were  returned  to  Mrs.  Ar- 
thington,  and  if  my  honoured  friend  Mr.  Gale  defires  a  lift  of  the 
reverfes  of  fuch  coins  as  continue  ftill  in  her  hands,  I  will  draw  up 
one  for  him ;  and  if  afterward  he  fliall  like  to  have  any  of  them, 
I  will  endeavour  to  procure  them  for  him,  and  do  not  doubt  to  do 
It;;''  ■  lam,  &c. 


LIX. 

Part  of  a  letter  from  Dr.  Rawlinson  to  Mr.  R.  Gale,  concern- 
ing a  MS.  Regifter,  formerly  belonging  to  St.  Leonard's,  alias 
St.  Peter's  Hofpital,  in  the  city  of  York. 

April  7,  1744. 

I  have  lately  purchafed  a  manufcript  folio,  Liber  qui  dicitur 
San£li  Leonardi  alias  SanBi  Petri  Hojpitalis.  This  is  a  very  fair 
old  regifter  and  large,  of  many  deeds  relating  to  that  religious 
foundation  in  York,  all  written  in  Latin  upon  velom,  with  the  ini- 
tials illuminated,  and  titles  in  red  ink.  By  thefe  deeds  of  dona- 
tion, leafe,  &c.  from  Henry  the  Third's  time  to  king  Richard  the 
Second  and  lower,  it  appears,  that  hofpital  had  very  numerous 
and  extenfive  poflellions  throughout  the  Eaft  and  Weft  ridings  of 
yorkfliire.  There  is  an  ufeful  index  let  in  at  the  beginning, 
containing  all  the  places  mentioned  in  the  faid  deeds;  but  this  is 
written  upon  paper,  and  in  a  more  modern  hand.  Some  vile 
hand  has  for  fome  vile  end  cut  out  feveral  leaves. 

R.  Rawlinson. 


'93 


C  c  LX. 


i94  EARL    OF    SUFFOLK    TO    DR.    WILLIAMS. 

LX. 

Henry  Howard  Earl  of  Suffolk  to  Dr.  Williams. 

„  Charleton  near  Malmltury,  in  Wiltflilre^ 

iilRj  Aiigull  30,  1746. 

Your  letter  found  me  not  long  arrived  at  this  place;  I  can  have 
nothing  more  to  fay  in  anfwer  to  it,  than  to  aflure  you,  the  pa- 
tronage of  Magdalen  college  is  not  in  me,  though  a  defcendent 
and  grandfon  of  the  firft  Earl  of  Suffolk,  and  the  Lord  Chan- 
cellor Audley. 

A  friend  of  mine  at  my  requeft  informed  me,  that,  by  the 
flatutes  of  the  college,  the  founder  referves  to  himfelf,  during  his 
own  life,  the  difpofal  of  the  headfliip  and  the  vifltation  of  the 
college;  afterwards  the  patrons  or  vifitors,  (in  the  words  of  the 
ftatute)  are  "  ejus  haredes  Domini  Manerii  de  Walden^'' 

You  fee  I  am  excluded  by  the  condition  annexed :  the  entailed 
eftate  fettled  upon  my  great-grandfather  was  cut  off  by  James 
Earl  of  Suffolk;  and  after  the  death  of  his  brothers  and  their 
ifTue,  was  fettled  on  his  heirs-general,  under  whom  Lord  Hervey 
and  Lady  Portfmouth  claims,  who  are  the  right  heirs  of  James. 
Before  the  death  of  the  father  of  the  late  Earl  of  Suffolk,  there 
were  fome  very  unfair  pradices,  v\'ritings  concealed,  &c.  fo  that 
imlefs  fome  difcoveries  are  made  in  the  fuit  now  depending  be- 
tween the  heirs-general  and  Lord  Effingham,  I  Ihall  have  no  ex- 
pe6\ation  of  being  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Walden,  without  which 
it  will  not  be  in  my  power  to  ferve  you  in  the  headlhip. 

I  caimot  make  the  leaft  queftion  of  your  inculcating  in  that  and 
every  other  flation  of  life  fuch  precepts  of  virtue  and  morality, 
as  wiU  be  received  and  approved  by  all  good  men. 

Hoc  opiis^  hocjludium^  parvi  proper  emus  tS  atnpli, 
Si  patrice  vohimus^  fi  nobis  vivere  cart. 

1  am,  Sir,  your  molt  humble  fervant, 

Suffolk. 
LXL 


MR.    S.    GALE    TO    D  R.    D  U  C  A  R  E  L. 

■^     -^  i    -'■  J-<A.1«  .    ' , 

Mr.  S.  Gale  to  Andrew  Gol.tee  Ducarel,  LL.I^.. 

Dear  Sir,     ,  ^''^^  ''•  ''^''- 

The  little  tour  Mr.  PWmer  and  I  took  the  other  day  would 
have  been  much  more  agreeable,  could  we  have  obtained  the 
•jpleafure  of  your  company;  for  want  of  that,  \  fend  you  a  few 
notes  I  made  in  our  two  days  journey. 

'    Auguft  9,    1748,   vifited  Sion-houfe,   formerly    a  Carthuflan 
monaftery,  of  which  the  out-houfes,   and  an  old  gateway  built 
of  brick  leading  to  the  back-yard,  feem  to  be  all  the  remains. 
•     The  prefent  ftru6ture  con  lifts  of  a  large  fquare  bviilding  of 
ftone,  with  a  fquare  tower  ;  at  each  angle  the  whole  is  crowned 
with  a  battlement  like  our  antient  caftles.    There  is  a  fpacious 
court  in  the  inward  area;  the  apartments  in  general   are  lofty, 
aiid  well-proportioned  within  ;  and  the  grand  gallery  is  180  feet 
long  ;   one  fide  of  it  is  adorned  with  landfkips  and  family  pic- 
tures, the  other   with   the  fpacious   windows.     In    one   of  the 
ground    rooms   there   is    a  large  and    particular  furvey  of  the 
hundred  of  Thistleworth,  in  com.  Mid.   delineated  by  Mofes 
Glover,  herald  and  archite6t,  embelliihed  with  the  arms  of  the 
Somerfet    family,   all   finely   emblazoned.     In   the  map   all  th& 
great   towns,    villages,  feats,  and  palaces,  are  elevated  and    de- 
pi'dled   in   proper  colours,   interfperfed    with    many  curious  hif- 
torical  remarks    in    well-defigned  compartments  ;   the   whole  is 
done  upon  paper '•'•.     We  faw  here  alfo  a  good  head  of  Algernon 
earl  of  Northumberland,  fometime  lord  high  admiral  of  England. 
The  fame  afternoon  we  arrived  at  Shepperton,  a  famous  filh- 
ing    village  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Thames,   from  whence 

*  See  a  partioiLir  accoura  of  fhis'cunous  map,  by  the  late  'Uifljop  Lyttelton  ;  Biitiih  Topogra- 
phy I.  5^6.  560.  ■'  '  ■'■ 

C  c  2  after 


'9fi 


W^  MR.    Si    GALE-    TO    DR.     D  U  C  A  R  E  L. 

after  dinner  we  went  down  the  river,  to  fee   the  famous   place 
called   Cowey  Stakes,    on  the  fouth   lide  of  the  Thames,    near 
Walton,  where  Julius  Caefar  forded  over  the  Thames,  it  being 
the   narroweft  part,    and  which    the    Britons   had   fecured  by 
driving  a  great  number  of  ftakes  (being  young  oaks)  deep  into 
the  bed  of  the  river,  to  oppofe  his  paffiige  over ;   but  he  by  this 
great  conduct  furmounted  all  difficulties,   and,  upon  entering  the 
river,  the  poor  terrified  Britons  on  the  northern  fhore  fled  with 
the    greatelt  precipitation  up    into  the  country.     From    henc-e 
we  went  a  little  lower,  to   view  the  new  bridge  now  building 
crofs  the  river  from  Walton,  containing  five  arches  of  brick  over 
the  fliallows   next  the   fouth,  fliore,    and  the   fione    piers    are 
erecting   for  the  three   arches  of  the  fame  materials   over  the 
•  main    flream.      W€   returned    back,   after    the    moft    agreeable 
voyage,    to  Shepperton,   where  we   were   entertained    at  fupper 
with    a  difli  of  Thames  eels  flewed  in  the  mofl  elegant  tafte.    ,  ) 
The  next    morning  we  ferried  over    from    Shepperton?  and 
pafling  through   Oatlands  and  Weybridge,   at   about  two  miles 
diltance  to  the  fouth-eaft,  we  afcended  a  lofty  mountain,  having 
a  large  plain  on  the   top,   and  now  called  St.  George's  Hill*,  ^t 
the  fouth-eaft  part  of  the   plain,   from  whence  there  is  a  vafl 
and  fteep  declivity  into  the  country.     We  obferved  the  flrong 
and  deep  entrenchments  thrown  up  here  by  Julius  Caefar.   They 
form  an  oblong  of  double  ramparts  of  earth  and  gravel,  and  a 
double  fofs  about  a  mile  in  length,   and  half  that  in  breadth. 
The  banks  in  fome  parts  of  the  encampment  are  yet  very  high, 
and  entire ;  but,  alas  !  they  have  lately  dug  down  all  the  inward 
rampart  of  the  fouth  fide  for  gravel  to  mend  the  adjacent  roads. 
The  fituation  is  fo  elevated  and  extenfive,  that  it  commands  a 

•  One  of  the  laft  produi^ions  of  the  celebrated  Stephen  Duck  was  a  Poem  caMed  "  Cafar's 
*-'  Camp,  or  St.  Gcor^e^s  Hill"  printed  in  4to,  1755,  dcfcribing  the  fcencs  which  prefent  them- 
fclves  fiom  this  eminence. 

.4  view 


M  R.  ^S.  /GALE    T  O    D  R.    D  U  C  A  R  E  L.  1 97 

view  over  the  country  for  many  miles  round,  a  place  very  proper 
to  obferve  the  motions  of  the  Britons,  as  well  as  to  protedt  his 
army  from  any  incuriions  before  their  march  down  to  the  Ford 
at  Cowey  Stakies  over  the  Thames. 

This,  Sir,  is  the  prefent  Itate  of  this  noble  monument  of 
Roman  antiquity  in  our  ifland,  and  fo  near  our  great  metropolis, 
and  it  is  now  called  by  the  country  people  Gamp  Clofe. 

From  Caefar's  camp  we  defcended  to  Cobham,  and  thence  rode 
to  Claremont,  a  feat  of  the  duke  of  Newcastle,  an  expenfive 
edifice  built  of  brick*  ;  but  chiefly  remarkable  for  its  fine 
-wood-walks,  mounts,  groves,  and  verdant  theatres,  about  two 
miles  in  extent,   a  paradife  in  a  barren  defart.  S.  Gale. 

'P.'^S.  An  old  waterman  of  72  years,  living  at  Shepperton, 
told  me,  he  had  often  feen  the  Gowey  Stakes  when  the  river 
■was  low,  and  that  there  are  about  twenty  of  them  ftill  left-f. 


/  Lxiir. 

Letter  from  Dr.  Stukeley  concerning  Ifurium,    and  the  Leem- 

in^  Lane  in  Yorkfliire. 

April  9,  t.757. 

I  lately  received  a  drawing  of  a  pretty  Mofaic  pavement,  found 
fome  time  fince  at  AldborouQ;h  in  Yorkfliire.  This  was  a  famous 
Roman  city  called  I/urmm,  fituated  on  the  confluence  of  the 
rivers  Swale,  Ure,  and  Oufe.  Hither  came  the  corn-boats,  for 
maintenance  of  the  Proetentura's  by  water,  as  far  as  from  Cam- 

•  Taken  down  and  rebuilt  on  another  fpot  by  the  late  Lord  Clive  juft  before  his  death, 
•f-  See  Mr.  Gale's  DLirertation  on  Cifar's  paflage  on  the  Thames,  drawn  up  1734,  Archaeol,  I. 
ia<.  189.  Mr.  Barringtoii  has  ihevvn,  that  Cowey  Stakes  were  placed  in  a  direftion /Wrfl//Wto 
CJ^far's  paflage,  and  confequently  could  not  oppofc  his  march  (Arch,  IL  145.)  ;  and  Dr.  Owen 
inclines  to  believe  that  Cxfar  never  cjoffed  the  Thames  at  all,  but  that  his  'Thames  was  the  Med. 
way,  ^Ib,  163,) 

bridge^ 


xpS  DR.    STUKE  LEY'S    ACCOUNT 

bridge,  being  about  250  miles r  for  which  purpofe_our  Carfdike 
in  Lincolnfliire  was  madCj  which  being  fcoured,  repaired,  and 
lengthened  by  CaranTiiis,"his  ilamis  wa&  affixed. to  it. 

IJurium  was  the  metropolis  of  ^  thfe  Brigantes  ■  in  Britifli  timeSj 
before  York  was  built ;  therefore  calleid  IJurium  Brigantum,  or 
fometimes  by  way  of  eminence,  Brigantium.  .\  vifited  this  place 
.  with  y\x,  Roger  Gale  irt  1740  ;  faw,  and  drew  out  another  Mofaic 
pavement  there.  The  Romaii;  city  was  an  oblong  fquare,  walled 
and  ditched  about;  it confifted  chiefly  of  granaries  to  lay  up  the 
torn  out  of  the  fleet  of  boats  ;  hence  it  was  carried  in  waggons 
along  the  great  Roman  road  called  Leeming-lane,  direcStly  North- 
ward to  the  Praetenturas.  ;    •  ,  ii 

Here  was  in  Britifli  times  the  great  panegyre  of  the  Druids, 
the  Midfummer-meeting  of  all  the  country  round,  to  cekbr^te 
the  great  quarterly  facrifice,  accompanied  with  fports,  games, 
races,  and  all  kind  of  exercifes,  with  univerfal  feftivity. 

This  was  like  the  Panathenea,  the  Olympian,  Ifthmian,  Ne- 
mcan  meetings  and  games  among  the  Grecians. 

The  place  where  all  this  was  performed  is  a  little  to  the  Weft, 
at  Burro Lighbndge,  where  on  a  plain  meadow  by  the  river  ixt 
the  famous  and  iKipendous  obelilks  of  the  Druids,  which  were  as 
the  77z^/'^  of  the  races  :  the  remembrance  hereof  is  tranfmitted  in 
the  prefent  great  fair  held  at  Burroughbridge  on  St.  Barnal^as's 
day:'?'  >  n  f-f^v  .         ;.  .-....;■. 

-infinite  are  the  number  of  coins  daily  found  at  Aklbqrough, 
efpecially  of  Carauiius,  Alleftus,  and  Conilantinc, the-.  Great^ 
whereof  a  good  many  have  been  fent  me.  -  Thele  fame  coins  aije 
frequently  found  on  the  whole  length  of  the  Carfdyke,  and  at  all 
places  near  it,  confequent  to  the  ufe  made  of  it  by  thefe.empfer'ors 
in.  conveying  the  coin  to  the  Prcetenturas.  '  No  lefs  than  four  of 
Conftantine  with  the  title  of  Maximus  came  hence  to  my 
hands,  ■  'I^ake 


OF    I  S  U  R  I  U  M, 

I  take  Leeming-lane  to  have  had  its  laft  repair  from  the 
emprefs  Helena,  while  flie  remained  in  Britain  as  her  fon's  fub- 
ftitute ;  therefore  I  apprehend  it  took  her  name  Via  Helena^  now- 
corrupted  into  Lemin-lane. 

Lane  is  an  Englifli  word  for  a  track,  a  path,  a  narrow  lane, 
hut  by  no  means  applicable  to  fo  great  and  broad  a  ftreet  as  this 
is,  being  the  Hermen-ftreet,  which  went  Northward  as  far  as 
Invernefs.  The  Romans  generally  pronounced  them  in  the  ac- 
cufative  helenianam.  Now  if  we  throw  off  the  afpirate  he, 
the  remainder  aptly  enoiogh  among  the  vulgar  became  Leeming- 
kriei-'-' 

Our  Mofaic  pavement  here  is  now  lixteen  feet  and  a  half  long, 
and  thirteen  and  three-quarters  broad;  there  is  a  room  of  enter- 
tainment built  over  it.  How  commendable  would  be  our  boafled 
tafte  did  we  imitate  this  Roman  elegance!  W.  Stukeley. 


199 


All 


200  MR.    R.    GALE'S    HISTORICAL    ACCOUNT 

An  Hiftorical  Account  bf -the  Borough  of  Northallerton,  m 
the  North  Riding  of  the  County  of  York. 

By  Roger  Gale,  Efq.  Uui)3iqi-jTto-j 

The  firft  mention  I  find  of  Northallerton  is  in- Domefday- 
Eook,  which  was  compofed between  the  14th  and  26th  of  William 
the  Conqueror,  tho'  Simeon  Dunelmenfis-'-,  who  lived  in  the  year 
1 1 64,  Ipeaks  of  it  in  the  third  year  of  that  king's  reign,  when  he 
lent  an  army  to  Durham  to  punifli  the  murderers  of  Robert 
Cumin,  whom  he  had  created  Earl  of  Northumberland,  and^w^jS 
flain  there  by  the  people  of  the  place  and  country.  --:-n 

In  the  former  it  is  wrote  Alluertiiney    and  ftyled  Terra  Regis, 
being  then  in  the  king's  own  demefne;   and  Alverton  in  the  latter, 
as  well  as  in  all  our  antient  hiftorians  and  records  that  mentioned 
it.      This  gives  us  reafon  to  believe,  that  it  took  its  name  from 
the  great  king  Alfred^  and  was  originally  called  Aluredtune^   and 
afterwards  foftened  into  Alvertun  and  Allertoji.      It  is  highly  pro- 
bable that  it  role  out  of  the  aflies  of  an  old  Roman  ftation,  whofe 
name  we  have  loft,  there  being  ftill  in  the  parifli,  and  not  half  a 
mile  diftant,  a  hamlet  at  this  day  called  Romanby^   through  which 
runs  an  old  Roman  way  from  Thirfk  to  Cattarick,  where  it  joins 
the  -great  Ermin-ftreet;  and  the  great  banks  and  intrenchments  yet 
remaining  between  the  two  towns  are  thought  by  the  judicious 
to  have  been  Roman  works. 

In  the  year  769,  Beornredus  or  Earnredus,  a  tyrant  in  Nor- 
thumberland, burnt  down  Catterick,  the  Roman  Catera^onium, 
but  fix  miles  diftant  from  Northallerton,  which  latter  therefore 
might  very  well  be  deftroyed  by  him  at  the  fame  time,  and  con- 
tinued to  lie  wafte  till  after  the  death  of  tlie  two  Danifli  kings 

»  p.  J82. 
I  Inguar 


OF     NORTH  ALLERTON.  201 

Inguar  and  Hiibba,  A.  D.  883,  when  king  Alfred  caufed  the  de- 
folate  part  of  Northumberland  (as  all  the  country  between  the 
number  and  the  Tweed  was  then  called)  to  be  reinhabited. 

No  fooner  had  this  wife  and  good  king  any  refpite  from  his 
wars,  than  he  began  to  repair  the  lofTes  fuftained  from  the  enemy, 
by  raifing  up  towns  demolilhed  and  caftles  cut  of  their  ruins,  and 
ereding  new  ones  where  necelTary  for  the  defence  of  his  territo- 
ries, or  convenient  for  the  habitations  of  his  fubjecfls.  Among 
others  Alvretune,  now  called  OfFerton  in  Derbylhire,  is  believed 
to  have  been  one ;  but  fince  no  antient  author  gives  us  their  names 
it  is  merely  conjedlure,  and  then  why  will  not  the  fame  conjec- 
ture hold  as  good  for  Northallerton  that  ftill  retains  more  of  its 
name?  And  though  he  firlt  beftowed  the  kingdom  of  Northum- 
berland upon  Guthrun  the  Dane  at  his  baptifra,  as  well  as  that 
of  the  Eait-Angles,  and  afterwards  upon  one  Cuthred,  a  young 
man  redeemed  from  captivity  to  be  placed  upon  a  throne,  they 
were  only  feudatories  to  him ;  and  when  the  latter  died,  he  re- 
united both  thefe  kingdoms  to  his  other  dominions. 

This  town  before  the  Conqueil:  was  held  by  Si  ward  earl  of  Nor- 
thumberland, with  the  fliire  belonging  to  it,  and  was  in  all  proba- 
bility deftroyed  again,  when  the  Conqueror,  enraged  by  the  rebel- 
lion againft  him  in  thefe  parts,  laid  wafte  all  the  country  between. 
York  and  Durham,  in  the  third  year  of  his  reign,  for  we  find  at  the 
end  of  the  account  of  it  in  Domefday-Book  m  waiV  eft.  It  feems 
however  to  have  been  foon  re-edified,  for  William  Rufus*  gave 
the  manor  of  Alvertim  to  the  church  of  Durham ;  and  that  bifliop 
holds  it  to  this  day  with  ecclefiaftical  jurifdidtion  over  all  the  fhire, 
and  keeps  a  court-leet  and  court-baron  there  after  Eafter  and 
Michaelmas  every  year,  the  latter  of  which  has  a  great  num- 
ber of  copyholders  depending  upon  it,  who  pay  but  a  certain  mo- 
derate fine  on  every  alienation. 

*  Rcgiftr.  Hon.  Rich.  Append,  p.  175.  No.  125. 

D  d  The 


202  MR.    R.    GALE'S    HISTORICAL    ACCOUNT 

The  next  mention  we  find  of  Northallerton  is  occafioned  in 
all  ourhirtorians  by  the  famous  battle  of  the  Standard,  in  the  third 
year  of  king  Stephen,  A.  D.  1138,  and  fought  near  this  town; 
wherein  David  king  of  Scotland  was  entirely  routed  by  the  inha- 
bitants of  Yorkfhire,  with  fome  affiftance  from  the  counties  of 
Nottingham  and  Derby,  and  people  of  thefe  parts,  under  the 
command  of  Thurftan  archbiPnop  of  York,  Ralph  bifhop  of  Ork- 
ney, William  earl  of  Albemarle,  and  other  nobles;  but  the  arch- 
bilhops  was  not  in  the  field,  falling  fick,  and  flaying  behind  at 
Thurlk:  above  10,000  Scots  were  killed  or  taken  prifoners,  with 
little  lofs  to  the  Englifli.  The  fcene  of  this  adion  was  on  a  plain 
about  two  miles  north,  between  Gowton  and  Northallerton  ■-•• ;  and 
the  holes  where  the  Scots  were  buried  are  ftill  vifible,  and  called 
the  Scots  Pits. 

By  an  inquifitiont  taken  7  Edw.  III.  it  was  found  that  the  Ho- 
mines de  Northallerton  were  Libert  et  libera  conditionis^  only 
paying  40  marks  yearly  to  the  bifiiop  of  Durham,  who  had  alfo 
the  royalties  of  the  manor  then  allowed  him;  and  it  thereby  ap- 
pears the  town  had  then  two  prapoftti  vilLe,  that  fat  in  court  with 
the  bifiiop's  fteward  or  bailiff,  to  hear  and  determine  what  dif- 
putes  might  arife  among  the  inhabitants;  but  when  they  loft  ihef'e 
offi<:ers,  or  the  bilhop  his  annual  rent,  is  unknown;  for  neither  of 
them  are  nO^w  in  being.  The  burgage  houfes,  however,  feem  to 
have- continued' always  in  the  crown,  from  their  eleding  members 
of  parliament;  and  moff  of  them  pay  a  fmall  fee-farm  rent  to 
this  day. 

There  was  a  large  Soc  belonging  to  this  manor;  for  not  only 

*  Mr.  dale  feems  to  have  mnde  a  flight  millake  in  the  MS.  when  he  fays,  that  the  plain,  where 
the  Battle  of  the  Standnrd  was  fought,  is  about  two  miles  from  Northallerton;  whei-eas,  if  the 
rriiif)  of  the  county  of  Richmond  and  Allertonfliire  in  the  Regilirum  and  the  fcale  of  miles  on  it 
are  to  be  depended  on,  it  is  full  five  miles  dillant.     Perhaps   the   engraver  is  in  fault ;  as  is  moft 

likely. 

f  Vide  Reg.  Hon.  Richmond,  Append,  p.  173.  No.  123. 

the 


OF    NORTHALLERTON. 

the  whole  diftrid:  now  called  AUertonfliire  appertained  to  it,  which 
at  prefent  is  bounded  by  the  little  river  Wilke  on  the  Weft,  but 
all  the  reft.of  that  country  from  the  laid  rivulet  to  the  river  Swale 
was  included  in  it,  till  William  the  Conqueror  added  it  to  the  earl- 
dom of  Richmond;   and  it  now  makes  part  of    Gilling  Eail  wa- 
pontake;   and  feveral  other  towns  that  are  laid  to  it  in  Doraefday 
Book  lie  at  prefent  in  the  wapontake  of  Burdforth,  and  fo  muft 
have  been  taken  from  it.      The  town  was  a  third  time  deftroyed 
by  the  Scots  in  the  1 2th  of  Edward  II.  when  they  made  an  inroad 
to  the  very  gates  of  York,  as  appears  by  a  mandate  of  that  king's, 
direded  the  year  following  to  the  collectors  of  the  taxes,  to  exempt 
it  and  feveral  others  from  payment  thereof,  in  confideration  that 
they  had  been  ruined  by  thofe  his  enemies  and  rebels*. 

The  caftle  was  built  near  the  town  on  the  Weil  lide  by  Bilhop 
Galfridus  R.ufus  in  the  time  of  Henry  I.  but  much  nearer  to   it 
than  the  old  Roman  Caftrum.      This  Bifliop  gave  it  to  a  nephew 
of  his  who  had  married  a  neice  of  the  Earl  of  Albemarle's,  as  God- 
win t  fays;  but  the  continuator  of  Simeon  Dunelmenlis  tells  exactly 
the  fame  ftory  of  William  Cumin,  Chancellor  of  Scotland,    who 
had  made  himfelf  mafter  of  the  Biflioprick,    upon  the  death  of 
the  Billiop,  A.  D.  1 1 40,  the  fifth  of  king  Stephen  ;   and,  in  thofe 
troublefome  times,  detained  it  by  force  for  three  years,  when  he 
gave  it  up  to  the  new  Bifliop  by  compofition.      Hugh  Pudfey  the 
Bifliop  either  rebuilt  or  fortified  it  {firmavii)  in  1173+;  but  Henry 
II.  made  him  demolifli  it  again  within  four  years  after,  though  he 
offered  a  great  fum  to  redeem  it.    I  believe  it  was  never  rebuilt, 
tho'  Leland||   from  ScalcC  Chronicon  fays,  one  Gotfelyn  Daivel 
fortified  the  manor  of  Allerton  in  the  time  of  Edward  II.  which 

*  Rymer's  Feed.  V-  III.  p.  8oi. 

t  De  Pra;fiil.  Angl. 

%  Lei.  Itin.  V.  VIII,  p.  2,  43.  Hugo  de  Piiteaco  feeit  oppidurn  apud  Alverton. 

11  Colled,  p.  540. 

D  d  2  Gotfelya 


203 


204  M 11.     R.    GALE'S     HISTORICAL    ACCOUNT 

Gotfelyn  Daivel  was  a  partifan  of  Thomas  earl  of  Lancall:er,  and 
afterwards  executed  for  robbery. 

Whether  by  the  word  Manor  the  Cafi-le  is  to  be  underftood,  or 
only  a  Manor-houfe,  or  the  Town  itfelf,  I  fliall  not  take  upon  mc 
to  determine,  though  I  believe  the  latter  is  intended  by  it :  a  good 
piece  of  the  gate-houfe    was    {landing    about  years   ago,  but 

now  there  is  not  a  ilone  left,  fevcral  houfes  in  the  town  having 
been  built  and  repaired  out  of  thefe  ruins. 

1  find  but  one  religious  houfe  here,  which  was  of  Carmelites  ; 
the  fcite  thereof  was  on  the  Eaft  fide  of  the  town,  on  the  bank  of 
the  little  brook  called  Sunbcck,  and  flill  retains  the  name  of  the 
Freerage;  nothing  remains  of  it  but  fome  obfcure  foundations  of 
the  out-walls  that  encompaffed  it.  It  was  founded  by  Thomas 
Hatfield  bilhop  of  Durham,  who  died  in  1381,  after  he  had  fat 
in  that  fee  almoft  fix  years.  Being  of  a  mendicant  order,  it  had 
110  pofiefiions  befides  the  houfe  and  gardens,  which  now  belong 
to  Robert  Raikes  Fulthorpe,  Efq.  and  lie  on  the  back  fide  of  his 
houfe.  Walter  Hellaw,  prior  of  this  convent,  who  was  provincial 
of  the  Carmelites  in  England,  died  and  was  buried  here,  A.  D. 
1  367  ;   fo  perhaps  was  the  firft  prior. 

About  the  middle  of  the  town  in  the  Eaft  row,  flands  a  brick 
Maifon  Dieu  J^uilding  Called  Maifon  Dieu,  an  hofpital  founded  by  Richard  de 
Moore,  a  draper  in  Northallerton,  about  the  year  1476,  for 
thirteen  poor  people  men  or  women,  though  now  it  only  main- 
tains four.  There  were  many  lands  and  houfes  formerly  be- 
longing to  it,  now  loft;  at  prefent  it  only  enjoys  two  fields,  called 
Maifon  Dieu  and  Caftlehill  Clofes,  the  rents  of  which  are  divided 
among  the  poor  of  the  hofpital,  and  may  now  amount  to  about. . . 
...  a  year.  Some  have  faid  it  was  founded  by  one  Sir  James  Strange- 
way  s ;  but  this  Sir  James  and  his  fon  were  only  truftees  to  fee  the  hofpi- 
tal kept  in  good  repair,  and  the  penfions  duly  paid  to  the  poor.  The 
pcrfons  herein  to  be  maintained  were  obliged  by  the  founder  every 
6  morning 


C  F    N  0  R  T  M  A  L  L  E  Pv  T  O  N.  20; 

morning  and  evening  atfix  o'clock  precifcly  to  repeat  fifteen Pater- 
Nofters,  as  many  Ave  Maria's,  and  the  three  Creeds  in  honour  of 
our  Lord's  PafTion,  as  alfo  to  pray  for  the  foul  of  Pvichard  de  Moore 
the  founder,  Michael  de  Langbain,  and  others  their  benefadtors; 
they  had  at  firlt  allowed  them  twenty  fliillings  a  year  to  buy  fea- 
coals,  and  were  to  find  r^vo  beds  for  dertitute  and  diilrefied  tra- 
vellers one  night;  and  in  the  20th  of  Henry  Vlll.  this  allowance 
was  increafed  to  il.  6s.  6d,  The  earl  of  Cariille  at  prefent 
nominates  the  poor  perfons  to  be  received  into  this  hofpital,  as  a 
defcendant  of  Leonard,  fon  to  the  lord  Dacres  of  Gililand,  who 
married  the  heirefs  of  the  StranQ;ewavs  familv. 

This  account  w^as  had  from  Mr.  Charles  Neal,  then  vicar  of 
Northallerton,  who  extradted  as  much  as  relates  to  the  foundation 
of  this  hofpital,  and  its  endowment,  from  an  original  deed*,  at 
that  time  in  the  pofTeffion  of  Mr.  James  WalTe  of  Romanby  ;  but 
l^oth  of  them  being  now  dead^  I  am  ignorant  where  it  is  prefent 
lod-^ed. 

There  was  another  hofiiital  at  the  South  end  of  the  town,  de-s;- James's 
dicated  to  St.  James,  nowcalled  the  Spittle, and  belonging  with  the 
eftate  of  it  to  Chrilt  Church  college,  Oxford.  It  was  founded  by 
the  before-mentioned  bifliop  Pudfey.  The  churches  of  Thornton 
in  the  Street  and  North  Ottrington  were  appropriated  to  it;  it 
was  alfo  endowed  with  the  town  of  Ellerbeck  and  the  mill,  half  a 
plough  land  at  Romanby,  and  eight  oxgangs  of  land  at  Ottring- 
ton t,  all  towns  in  the  neighbourhood  thereof;  and  when  fup- 
prelTed,  it  v/as  valued  at  5  61.  a  year. 

There  was  a  grammar  and  finging-fchool  here  in  1327  +,  whea 
the  prior  of  Durham  prefented  John  Podefay  to  be  mailer  of  it. 
Tliere  is  now  a  grammar-fchool,  to  which  that  dean  and  chapter 

■*   Q^  If  not  a  copy  pi-eferved  in  their  church-book. 

•f  Ryiiier's  Fcedcra,  v.  T.  j).  358.      Regill.  Hon    de  Rich.  p.  iio. 

j  Regill.  Hoi),  lie  Rich.  p.  i;6. — Thi  fchool  was  biult  anew  in  1776. 

nominate 


2o6  MR.     R.    GALE'S     I-l  I  S  T  O  R  I  C  A  L     ACCOUNT 

nominate  a  mafter,  and  is   therefore  probably  the  fame.       The 
falary  is  but  61.  6s.  8d.  per  ann.  with  an  houfe  and  a  fmall   clofe, 
worth  about  50s.  a  year  more;   the  houfe  is  an  ancient  borough- 
houfe,  and  gives  the  mafter  a  right  to  vote  for  members  of  par- 
liament for  the  borough.      Biiliop  Cofins  founded  fome  fcholar- 
fliips  at  Peterhoufe  in  Cambridge  of  lol.  a  year  each,  and  gave 
:fuch  fcholars    as  Ihould  be   educated  in   this  fchool  a  right   to 
them  next  and  immediately  after  the  fcholars  of  Durham  fchool. 
Though  the  fchool  has  been  in  no  great  reputation  of  late  years, 
the  iix  following  eminent  men  were  all  bred  up  in  it  while  Mr, 
Smelt-  was  mafter  thereof: 
Dr.  William Pallifer,  archbilhopof  Cafliel  in  Ireland,  born  at  Kirby 

Wifke. 
Dr.  George  Hickes,  dean  of  Worcefter,  born  at  the  fame  place. 
Dr.  John  Ratcliffe,  the  famous  phyfician. 
Mr.   John    Kettlewell,  born  at  Brompton,  in  the  parifli  of  Al- 

lerton. 
Mr.  Thomas  Rymer,  editor  of  the  Fcedera,  &c. 
Dr.  Thomas  Burnet,  matter  of  the  Charterhoufe  in  London. 
The  Church.       The  cliurch,  dedicated  to  All  Saints,  is  a  large  handfome  edifice, 
built  in  the  form  of  a  crofs,  the  Weftern  end  or  nave  confitting  of 
three  ailes ;   the  whole  covered  with  lead.      It  ftands  in  a  fpacious 
church-yard,  with  a  wide  area  about  it,  a  good  diftance  from  the 
houfes  on  every  fide,  more  than  halfway  up  the  flreet  from  the 
South  end,  and  was  probably  re-edified  foon  after  its  deftru6lion 
by  the  Scots  in  the  time  of  Edward   the  Second.     Moft  of  our 
churches  here  feen\  to  be  about  the  fame  date. 

The  fteeple  is  a  fquare  tower  rifing  from  the  middle  of  the 

*  Dr.  Hickes,  in  his  Life  of  Mr.  Kettlewell,   calls  the  mafter  of  Northallerton  fchool  Thomas 
Smelt. 

church, 


OF    NORTHALLERTON. 

church,  with  four  pinnacles  upon  it,  has  five  bells,   and  a  good 
clock  therein,  given  by  their  members  of  parliament,  i  7  14. 

There  are  a  tew  modern  monuments  of  the  dead  in  the  church; 
none  of  them  remarkable  for  any  thing  extraordinary.  The 
oldeft  is  a' railed  tomb  of  free- ftone  at  the  Weft  end  of  the  North 
aile,  with  this  epitaph  cut  round  the  edges : 

Hie  jacet  in  hoc  tiimulo  Marcus  Metcalfe  filius  Metcalfe 

de  Bedale,.  frater  qiioque  et  hares  Nicolai  Metcalfe  armigeri^ 
unius  ex  fex  Cleric  or  um  eximia  Curia.  Cancellaria  defun^li. 
flui  quideni  Marcus  Vicar ius  fuit  buius  Ecclejia  omnium  Sanc- 
torum de  Northallerton^  incumbens  ibidem  xxxii  annos.      Fix  if 
LIF.    ann.     tandem  fepultus    xxiv  menjis    Mail  aiuio    Dni 
MDXCIIL. 
There  was  formerly  a  chantery  here,  the  prieft  of  which  was  chantery. 
appointed  by  the  biihops   of  Durham,    therefore   likely    to    be 
founded  by  one  of  them,  though. at  prefent  unknown.      It  was 
dedicated   to   St.    Lawrence,    and    valued   at    the   fuppreffion    at 
4I.  3s.  4d.  per  ann.      The  founder  was  perhaps  bithop  Booth. 

The  vicarage,  which  is  worth  a  year,  is  in  the  gift  ofvkaiage. 

the  dean  and  chapter  of  Durham.  The  impropriator  is  Mr. 
George  Preflick  of  in  Cleveland,  whofe  elder  brother 

William  purchafed  it  of  the  earl  of  Aylefbury,-  in  whofe  family  it 
had  been  long  vefted.  He  fold  it  to  Mrs.  Rayn  ot  AUerton,  and 
flie  or  her  executors  fold  it  to  Mr.  George  Preflick.  it  is  held  ©f 
the  Crown. 

There  are  three  chapels  of  eafe  in  this  parifh,   viz.  Brompton,ch3pci3of 
Dighton,  andWorfal;    and  formerly  there   were  two  more,  one     '" 
at  Romanby,  the  other  at  Lafynby,  but  both  now  difufed :   the  re- 
mains of  the  latter  are  tvu"ned  into  a  ftable  or  barn,  but  no  marks 
of  the  former  are  left  at  Romanby. 

hi  the  year   1298,    2  6  Edward   I.    this  borough  fent  mem-Reprefenta- 
bers   to   parliament,    which,  \ypjre   J<fthp,  le    Clerk  and  Stepheigi 

Manfell; 


207 


zo8  MR.    R.     GALE'S    HISTORICAL    ACCOUNT 

Manfell  ;  but  none  afterwards  till  the  year  1640,  when,  by  order 
of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  December  it,  it  was  reftored,  and 
admitted  to  its  ancient  privilege  of  fending  members  to  parlia- 
ment, as  are  the  words  of  the  order  ;  and  the  two  firft  ele6ted 
were, 

Sir  Henry  Cholmley,  Knt. 

Thomas  Hebblethwaite,  Efq. 
I  2  Charles  II.       George  Smithfon,  Efq. 

James  Danby,  Efq. 
13.  Sir  Gilbert  Gerrard,   Knt. 

Roger  Talbot,  Efq. 

29.  Sir  Gilbert  Gerrard,  Bart. 

Sir  Henry  Calverly,  Knt. 

30.  The  fame. 

31.  The  fame. 

James  II.  Sir  David  Foulis,  Bart. 

William  8c  Mary.  Sir  Henry  Marwood,  Bart. 

William  Robinfon,  Efq. 

Thomas  Lafcells,  Efq. 
2.  Sir  William  Robinfon,  Bart. 

Thomas  Lafcells,   Efq. 
7.  Sir  William  Huftler,  Knt. 

Thomas  Lafcells,  Efq. 
10.  Sir  WiUiam  Huftler,  Knt. 

Ralph  Milbanke,  Efq. 
I  a.  Sir  William  Huftler,    Knt. 

Daniel  Lafcells,  Efq. 
13.  Sir  William  Huftler,   Knt. 

Robert  Dormer,  Efc^. 
I  Anne,  Robert  Dormer,  Efq. 

John  Aiflaby,  Efq. 
4.  Sir  William  Huftler,   Knt. 

Robert 


BOROUGH    OF    NORTHALLERTON.  «09 

Robert  Dormer,  Efq. — In  his  room,  cholen 

alfo  for  the  county  of  Bucks, 
Roger  Gale,  Efq. 
7.  Sir  William  Huftler,  Knt. 

Roger  Gale,   Efq.  , 
9.  Roger  Gale,  Efq. 

Robert  Raikes,   Efq. 
Henry  Peirfe,  Efq. 
Leonard  Smelt,  Efq. 
I  Geo.  Cholmley  Turner,  Efq. 

Leonard  Smelt,  Efq. 
2.  Leonard  Smelt,  Efq. 

Henry  Peirfe,  Efq. 
The  right  of  ele(5lion  is  in  the  owners  of  the  burgage-houfes,RigKt  ot 
which  are*  truly  in  number  but  194  and  a  half,  and  are  diftin- 
guifhed   from   other   houfes  in   the  town  by  their  having  had 
right  of  common  on  the  North  Moor,  as  appears  by  tl^  deed  of 
partition  of  that  Moor  ilill  extant;   and  if  any  of  the  burgage- 
houfes  had  not  fome  parcel  of  ground  formerly   part   of  that 
common  before  it  was  divided  and  inclofed,  it   is  becaufe  the 
owners  have  fince  fold  their  fliare.      The  houfes  that  now  claim 
votes  are  increafed  indeed  to  about  204;  and  as  it  is  not  well  known 
which  of  them  have  crept  clandeftinely  into  this  privilege,  they 
are  likely  to  retain  it,  but  the  number  is  now  fo  fettled,  that  it 
will  not  be  poffible  for  the  future   to   admit  any  more  of  thofe 
ufurpations.     The  bhhop  of  Durham's  bailiff  is  the  returning 
officer. 

The  prefent  town,  which  may  have  been  called  Northallerton,The  Towa. 
in  diftin(5lion  from  another  filled  AUerton  Maulyverer,  from  an 
ancient  family  of  that  name  refiding  there  many  generations, 

*  A.  D.  1739, 

E  e  but 


Markets  and 
fails. 


2to  MR.    GALE'S    HISTORICAL    ACCOUNT 

but  now  extind,  confifts  of  one  wide  ftreet  above  half  a  mile  in 
length,  but,  as  it  is  not  every  where  of  the  fame  breadth,  I  can 
only  fay  it  is  very  open  and  fpacious  from  one  end  to  the  other, 
and  as  it  is  now  almoft  new  paved,  and  will  be  fo  in  a  little  time 
from  fide  to  fide,  and  feveral  good  houfes  of  ftone  and  brick 
eredled  in  it,  that  it  will  be  much  more  beavitiful  and  commodious 
than  formerly.  About  one-third  of  its  length  from  the  South 
end  Hands  the  Tolbooth,  where  the  July  feffions  of  the  North 
Riding  and  the  Billiop's  Court  are  held.  A  little  farther  ftands  the 
Crofs,  ere6ted  upon  four  afcents  of  ftone,  the  fame  as  itfelf :  and 
then  ftill  farther  on  the  Shambles  all  belonging  to  the  bifliop  of 
Durham,  who  leafes  them  out  with  the  tolls  at  the  referved  rent 
of  81.  per  annum,  befides  the  fine  on  renewal.  Their  annual 
value  is  about  per  annum. 

On  Wednefday  in  every  week  is  a  very  plentiful  market  for 
corn  and  all  other  provifions;  and  from  Chriftma§  to  St.  George's 
day,  a  fortnight-day,  as  it  is  called,  every  Wednefday,  on  which  is 
a  great  market  for  all  forts  of  live  cattle.  It  has,  befides  thefe, 
four  annual  fairs,  to  which  there  is  great  refort,  viz.  on  Candlemas 
day,  St.  George's,  St.  Bartholomew's,  and  St.  Matthew's  day,  for 
all  manner  of  cattle  and  horfes.  Leland  fays,  it's  fairs  were 
granted  by  king  John  to  Philippus  Pidtavienfis,  billiop  of  Durham, 
A.  D.  1200,  which  mull  be  underll:ood  of  thofe  on  Candlemas 
and  Batholomew  days,  the  only  fairs  in  being  when  he  lived;  for 
that  upon  St.  George's  day,  to  commence  upon  the  eve,  and  conti- 
nue the  day  after  the  feftival,  with  a  fortnight  day  every  other 
Wednefday  till  Lammas,  for  buying  and  felling  all  manner  of 
cattle,  was  granted  to  Cuthbert  Tvmftall,  bifliop  of  Durham,  by 
Philip  and  Mary;  and  that  on  St.  Matthew's  day,  for  the  like  time 
and  purpofe,  with  a  fortnight  day  from  Lammas  till  Chriftmas,. 
by  James  the  Firft,  to  William  James,  then  bifliop  of  Durham*, 

*  Colleft,  vol.  I.  p,  293, 

as 


OF    NORtHALLERIrON.  an 

as  appears  by  his  charter,  of  which  they  have  an  attefted  copy. 
As  the  fortnight  day  is  now  only  ufed-  from  Chriftmas  to  St. 
George's  day,  it  is  probable  the  town  enjoys  that  in  confequencc  of 
king  John's  grant,  when  he  gave  them  the  two  firft  fairs,  and 
that  by  the  new  grants  of  Philip  and  Mary,  and  that  of  James  the 
Firft,  they  attempted  to  continue  them  throughout  the  year,  tho' 
without  fuccefs.'''^ "'■'-'"'' '^^  •  • 

It  is  no  corpbratibh,^  neither  is  there  any  particular  manufac- 
ture carried  on  here :  it  is  a  great  thorough-fare  to  the  North, 
with  good  inns  for  the  accommodation  of  travellers.  There  is  a 
fmall  brook  runs  through  it  a  little  beyond  the  fhambles,  and  over 
it  two  ftone  bridges  for  foot  paffengers  and  horfes,  which  is  Sun- 
beck  aforementioned. 

In  the  year  1736,  by  authority  of  parliament,  for  regiftering 
of  deeds  for  the  North  riding,  a  handfome  houfe  and  office  was 
built  here. 


Letter  from  Mr.  John  Todd,  mafter  of  the  Free-fcliool  at  AUer- 
ton,  concerning  the  endowment  of  it,  to  Roger  Gale,  but 
miflaid  when  the  account  of  Northallerton  was  written  by  him. 

Ctt}  Nortliallerton, 

^^•^y  Marcli4,  .715-16. 

Upon  receipt  of  your  letter,  being  wholly  myfelf  in  the  dark, 
as  to  the  time  when,  or  who  was  the  founder  of  our  fchool,  I  made 
immediate  application  to  one  Mr.  Luke  Smelt,  recSlor  of  Welbury, 
fon  of  my  predecelTor  and  mafter,  who  promifed  the  firft  oppor- 
tunity to  infpedt  his  father's  papers,  and  give  me  an  account  if  he 
had  any  thing  relating  thereto;  but  after  all  this  delay,  for  which 
I  humbly  crave  pardon,  he  has  met  with  nothing  but  a  copy  of 
Elliold's  will.     He  thinks,  if  no  account  be  met  with  among  the 

E  e   2  king's 


2ia  :MR.    TODD    TO    MR.    R.    GALE. 

king's  records,  Durham  offers  the  faixeft.  I  have  formerly  en- 
quired of  Mr.  Thomas  Lafells,  Mr.  George  Metcalfe,  and  William 
Harrifon,  long  before  their  deceafe,  but  never  could  obtain  any 
certain  information  of  them,  or  any  other.  James  Whitton  in- 
deed of  Bedale,  about  two  years  ago,  told  me,  that  they  had  found 
the  fchools  of  Northallerton,  Bedale,  and  Malton,  were  all  upon 
one  and  the  fame  bottom*.  But  as  to  its  endowment,  there  is 
the  houfe  and  garth,  with  one  common  right  lying  upon  the  North 
Moor;  5I.  is.  8d.  falary  from  the  crown,  paid  by  the  king's  col- 
lectors, out  of  which  they  annually  dedu(5l  5s.  for  poundage, 
as.  6d.  for  debenture  money,  as  they  pleafe  to  phrafe  it,  and  Sd.^ 
for  the  acquittance.  One  James  Coates,  a  grocer,  informs  me, 
that  the  borough  houfes,  paying  king's  rent,  were  formerly 
chargeable  with  the  faid  falary,  as  he  had  frequently  feen  expreft 
in  their  receipts ;  and  the  lands  of  John  Efhold  are  by  will  charged 
with  twenty  fhillings  a  year,  for  teaching  four  poor  boys. 

I  faw  a  flieetof  paper  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Hallywell  (collecStor 
of  Excife)  faid  to  have  been  Mr.  Wheatley's,  lately  in  commiffion 
to  infpe6t  hawkers  and  pedlars  licences,  wherein  he  had  fet  down 
the  fiilary  paid  by  the  king  fix  pounds  and  upwards;  but  never 
had  the  happinefs,  though  I  greatly  defired  it,  to  fpeak  with  him, 
in  order  to  know  how  he  came  by  that  information,  as  alfo  of  the 
endowments  of  feveral  other  fchools  and  benefices  in  that  paper; 
but,  left  I  fliould  be  too  troublefome  in  recounting  thefe  uncer- 
tainties, I  fhall  not  add  more,  but  beg  leave  to  fubfcribe  myfelf, 
Sir,  Sec.  John  Todd. 

•  /.  t.  All  refounded  by  queen  EHzabeth, 


The 


CONSTITUTION     OF    SCARBOROUGH.  3,3 


The  Gonftitution  and  Ufage  of  the  Borough  of  Scarborough,  as 
fet  forth  at  the  Affizes  held  at  York,  March  19,  173^. 

Scarborough  is  an  ancient  borough  by  prefcription,  and  a 
corporation  confifling  of  two  baiUfFs,  two  coroners,  four  chamber- 
lains, and  thirty- fix  capital  burgcffes,  in  all  forty-four,  who  are 
the  Community,  and  commonly  called  the  Common-houfe,  or 
Common-council-men  of  the  borough,  of  whom  the  major  part, 
and  not  lefs  than  twenty-three,  are  required  to  be  prefent  at  the 
doing  any  corporate  a(ft. 

This  body,  or  community,  is  yearly  on  St.  Jerom's  day,  being 
the  day  next  after  Michaelmas  day,  diflblved,    and  re-ele6ted  or 
made  up  again  in  the  following  manner,  viz.  The  forty-four  or 
major  part  of  them,  whereof  the  bailiffs  are  to  be  two,  meet  with- 
out any  fummons  on  that  day  in  the  Town-hall;  and  the  bailiffs, 
after  a  ffiort  fpeech,  fignifying  the   expiration  of  their  year  of 
office,   and    recommending  to   the  aflTembly  the  choice  of  new 
officers,  put  off"  their  gowns,   which  is  looked  upon  as  a  religna- 
tion  and  determination  of  the  offices  of  the  whole  community, 
till  re-chofen ;  in  order  whcrcunto,  the  late  bailiffs  and  reft  of  the 
community,  or  the  major  part  of  them,  and  not  lefs  than  twenty- 
three,  proceed  firft  to  the  eleiftion  of  new  coroners,  which  are  al- 
ways two  of  themfelves  then  prefent ;  and  the  two  perfons  who 
appear  to  have  the  moft  votes  are  immediately  declared,  and  take 
the  oath  of  coroners  before  the  laid  aflTembly,  and  being  fo  fworn, 
they  each  of  them  take  up  or  nominate  two  others  of  the  perfons 
fo  aflTembled,  which  four  fo  nominated  by  the  coroners  are  called 
uptacks  and  eletStors,  and  take  the  ufual  oaths  as  fuch  j  and  then 
the  uptacks  each  of  them  nominate  other  two  of  the  perfons  fo 
affembled  to  be  joined  to  them,  which  make  up  the  twelve  electors ;. 

and 


CONSTITUTION    OF    SCARBOROUGH. 

and  thefe  laft  eight,  having  alfo  taken  the  ufual  oath  of  elecflors, 
they  Nvith  the  other  four  iiptacks  or  electors,  making  in  all  twelve 
eleclors,  ftay  together  in  the  town-hall,  from  whence  all  the  reft 
depart,  and  leave  the  faid  eledlors  locked  up  in  the  hall,  till  with 
one  affent  they  choole  two  bailiffs,  four  chamberlains,  a  town- 
clerk,  gaoler,  and  warrener,  and  prefent  fuch  their  choice  or  ver- 
di\5l  thereof  to  the  new-chofen  coroners  in  the  faid  hall:  where- 
upon the  new-chofen  bailiffs  are  inimediately  fworn,  and  admitted 
into  the  office  of  bailiffs. 

Some  few  days  after,  when  the  bailiffs  think  it  a  convenient' 
time,  the  community  aflemble,  and  make  up  the  houfe,  as  they 
call  it,  which  is  done  in  this  manner: 

The  bailiffs  chufe  each  of  them  three  perfons  of  the  fecond> 
and  other  three  of  the  laft  twelve  of  the  preceding  year,  which 
twelve  fo  chofen  by  the  bailiffs  go  together,  and  make  up  the 
bench,  or  firft  twelve  for  that  current  year;  and  then  thefe  firft 
twelve  or  bench  make  up  the  fecond  and  third  twelves  of  the 
fame  year:  which  three  twelves  or  benches,  being  the  thirty-fix 
capital  burgeffes,  being  added  to  the  faid  two  bailiffs,  two  coroners, 
and  four  chamberlains,  make  up  or  compofe  the  faid  body  of 
forty-four.  And  if  it  happens  that  any  of  thefe  forty-four  die, 
or  be,  by  any  mal-pradtice,  deemed  unworthy  members  of  the 
community,  they  are  by  the  faid  firft  twelve  at  making  up  the  ' 
houfe  left  out,  and  other  new  members  chofen  to  fupply  their 
vacancies. 


A  defcrip- 


MR.    R.     GALE'S     DESCRIPTION     OF    SCR  U  TON.  215 


A  defcription  of  Scruton,  tranfcribed  from  the  margin  of  a 
■copy  of  Regijirum  Honoris  de  Richmond^  in  the  hand-writing 
of  Mr.  R.  Gale,  now  in  the  pofTeffion  of  John  Watfon  Reed, 
Efq.  of  Lincohi's  Inn. 

SCRUTON  is  a  village  fituated  about  half  a  mile  from  the  Weft- 
em  banks  of  the  river  Swaie,  in  the  North  riding  of  Yorkfhire,  and 
about  a  mile  North  from  the  point  where  a  brook  or  beck  that 
comes  from  Bedale,  and  fo  to  Leeming,  falls  into  it,  which  has 
no  proper  name  that  I  could  ever  difcover,  but  takes  its  denomi- 
nation from  feveral  towns  as  it  paffes  through  them,  being  at 
Crakehall  called  Crakehall  Beck,  at  Bedale  Bedale  Beck,  at  Leem- 
ing Leeming  Beck,  at  Grimefcar  Mill  Grimefcar  Beck,  juft  at  its 
confluence  with  Swale;  Beck  in  this  country  language  importing 
a  brook  or  rivulet. 

I  could  never  find  this  town  of  Scruton,  though  a  redVory  and  n 
manor,' remarked  in  any  of  our  maps,  except  in  the  great  one  of 
the  county  of  York,  publiQied  by  Mr.  Warburton,  and  that  of  the 
diocefe  of  Chefter,  in  both  of  which  it  is  rightly  placed.  In 
Ibme  of  the  other  maps  you  will  find  Moreton  ftanding  juft  where 
Scruton  fhould  be  feated,  but  erroneoufly  ;  Moreton  being  a  ham- 
let that  lies  on  the  Eaft  fide  of  Swale,  and  in  the  parifli  of  An- 
derby  Steeple.  If  you  will  correct  the  word  Moreton,  by  turn- 
ing it  into  Scruton,  where  you  find  it  in  thofe  charts,  as  I  have  done,. 
the  miftake  will  be  rectified. 

In  Domefday-book  ■•■  it  is  called  Scurvetone  and  Scurutufi.  Cnut 
and  'Tor/in  held  two  manors  in  it,  and  Geruaife^icot  homo  Co- 
mitis  Alani  held  it  then  in  demefne.  It  feems  to  have  recovered 
itfelf  foon  from  the  great  devaftation,  made  all  over  this  country 
from  York  to  Durham,  by  William  the  Conqueror,  in  the  third 

*  p.  310.  b, 

4^  year 


2i6  MR.    R.    GALE'S    DESCRIPTION 

year  of  his  reign,  for  that  it  is  not  faid  at  the  end  of  this  furvey 
that  modo  vajlum  cjl^  though  that  remark  is  entered  upon  moft  of 
the  towns  hereabout. 

Whence  it  took  its  name  I  cannot  determine :  about  a  mile  and 
a  half  Weftward  runs  a  fmall  flow  water  ftill  called  the  Scurf  \  but 
as  no  part  of  it  touches  this  parifli  of  Scruton,  I  can  hardly  think 
that  it  had  its  name  from  fo  remote  a  fource.  I  muft  own  I  have 
feme  reaibn  to  believe,  that  our  anceftors  in  thefe  parts  called  all 
fuch  little  waters  Scurfs :  if  fo,  we  have  fufficient  ground  for  giv- 
ing the  name  oi  Scuruetun  to  this  place,  there  being  no  lefs  than 
'  three  fuch  fmall  ftreams  running  through  it. 

Picot  above  named  was  in  all  probability  a  Breton,  and  a  fol- 
lower of  earl  Alan,  who  had  the  honor  of  Richmond  beftowed 
upon  him  for  his  good  fer vices  by  the  Conqueror,  the  rear  of 
whofe  army  he  commanded  in  the  great  and  decifive  battle  of 
Haftings.  He  had  in  Scruton^  as  appears  by  later  inquifitions, 
two  knights  fees  and  a  half,  befides  other  lands  at  Thirtoft  and 
Magneby  within  the  faid  honor*.  Soon  after  the  Conqueftwefind 
all  his  hands  in  the  poffeflion  of  Picot  Lafcellest.  And  feveral  of 
them  bearing  the  name  of  Picot,  as  appears  from  ancient  charters, 

•  Charta  Pigotide  Scurveton  de  terra  in  eadem  S.  Maris  Ebor.  coticejpi. 
Ex  Regijlro  Cccnobxi  in  Mujeo  Harleyano. 
»  Iloilie  PICOTUS  filins  Ranulphi  f^enatoris  de  Scurveton  omnibus  videntibus  &  audientibiis  literas  has, 

IbQruJcroJt.      p,ancis&  Anglis,falutem.  Sciatismedediffe  Deo  &  S.Maria:  in  purametperpct\iaiii  Elemofinam,fuper 
altare  in  Ecclefia  S.  Mari<e  Eboium,   quandam  teiram  in  •  Fornefcroft,  folutam  quietam  ab  omni 
terreno  fcrvitio,    habentem   viginti   perticatas  longitudinis   &   decern  latitudinis:  nominatim  ad 
t  Foite  enieiidum  f  ad  miffanim  celebrationem  in  eadem  Ecclefia.     Ciyod  ft  forte  ego  vel  hreredes 

mei  prsdictam  terram  prinominatne  Ecclefia;  warrantizare  non  poterimus,  eidem  Ecclefincdabimus 
excambi\im.  Hanc  aiitem  donationem  feciprrcfata;  Abbatiae  pro  falute  anima;  me«,  &  pro  fahite 
animarum  patris  &  matris  meae,  &  omnium  parentum  &  amicorum  meonim.  Hiis  teftibus  : 
Gojictiina  Cnpella'io,  Galfrido  Piccario,  Roberto  filio  LUfisy  Thurgifio  de  Cdlarioy  Ketello  Myfoto 
Senefcallo  de  /Idehurnay  Radulfo,  filio  Sywardi,  Thoma  fratre  ejus,  Rogero  nepote  Sacrifts,  Gal- 
fyido  Pudiiirigs,  Riidtilfo  hvnrignvo  de  Scurvetoi,  Willielmi  de  Lafcelles,  Roberto  nepote  Sywardi^ 
Gilhe'to  nepote  Saciirtse,  &  nuihis  aliis. 
f  Temp.  Hen.  II.  v.  Rcgift.  Hon.  de  Richmond,  p.  230. 

it 


•unum. 


OF     SCRUTON.  ••  t,y 

it  inclines  me  to  conclude  that  ancient  family^  whicli  rtlll  conti- 
nues in  this  country,  though  much  docked  in  their  eftate,  to 
have  been  delccndants  from  this  Picot.  I  find  they  have  ibme- 
times  wrote  themlelves  De  Sigillo,  as  fealdriciis  de  Sigillo,  in  the 
time  of  Henry  III.  (v.  Regifi:.  Hon.  de  Richmond.)  and  perhaps 
Robertus  de  Sigillo,  Billiop  of  London  in  1140,  may  have  been 
one  of  them:  and  there  is  a  tradition  ftill  in  the  family  that  one 
of  their  anceftors  was  keeper  of  the  feal  to  William  Rufus,  and 
that  thence  they  had  their  furnamc.  Am'tcia  de  Lafcelles  ob- 
tained a  grant  of  free  warren  here  in  the  s'yth  of  Henry  II F. 

It  appears  by  Kirby's  Inqueft  taken  the  i  5th  of  Edward  I.  that 
Roger  Lafcelles  was  then  poireffed  of  Scrnton,  but  in  the  i  3th  of 
Edward  II.  it  had  changed  its  lord;  Andrew  de  Merkingfield  then 
'Obtaining  that  king's  mandate  to  the  colle^fors  of  the  taxes  to  be 
exciifed,  with  his  men  of  the  town  of  Scruton,  from  paying  an 
eighteenth  of  their  eftates,  "as  being  diiabled  by  the  burning  and 
plundering  they  had  fuffered  from  the  Scotts*. 

■  In  WiQ'MerkingJjelds  it  continued  x.\\\  J'bomas  Merkingfield  for- 
feited it  with  the  appurtenances  for  high  treafon  in  the  i  ith  of 
'queen  Eli'zabeth,  being  one  of' the'' rebels  under  the  earls  of  Weft- 
mofland  and  Northumberland,  and  executed  for  the  fame. 

The  queen  in  the  fourteenth  year  granted  it 'by  patent  to  Sn 
'Thomas  Bowes y\v\\o  within  three  years  after  conveyed  the  manor 
and  the  appurtenances,  by  which  I  underrtand  the  domain  lands, 
and  adyowfon  of  the  recftory,  with  fome  free  rents,  to  Thomas 
Danby,  Efq.  and  my  father  purchaled  it  in  the  year  1688,  of 
Sir  Abjlrupus  Danby,  then  owner  of  it,  together  with  the  ad- 
vowfon.  But  the  earl  of  Carlifl'e  having  laid  claim  to  both,  and 
prefented  to  the  reiftory  in  the  yearT6'65,  and  the  diipute  being 
comprorjiifecf  with  the  lady  Danby  then  in  poflTeffion  of  the  eftate, 

♦  Rymer's  Focd.T.IJI,  p.  8oj2. 

F  f  i  he 


ns.  MR.     R.     GALE'S     DESCRIPTION 

he  fold  the  perpetual  advowfon  afterwards  to  Charles  TanGi:ed  of 
Arden,  Efq.  of  whom  my  father  purchafed  the  firif  turn,  and  I 
after  his  deceafe  the  whole  of  if,  and  fo  put  an  end  to  the  contefl:, 
and  have  prefented  ty/ice  to  it  without  any  oppofition.  The  earl 
had  not  fuch  good  fuccefs  in  his  pretenfions  to  the  manor,  for 
having  filed  his  bill  againft  my  father  for  it  in  Chancery,  his 
claim  was  judged  frivolous,  and  he  was  ordered  to  pay  cofts;  and 
had  the  Danbys  tried  their  title  to  the  advowfcn  with  his  lord- 
fhip,  it  is  probable  he  could  have  made  nothing  of  it;  both  of 
them  being  upon  the  f;mie  bottom,  viz.  as  defcending  from  Sir 
James  Strangeways  to  him,  (v.ho  never  was  polTeired  of  either  of 
them),  by  Leonard  lord  Dacres,  who  married  one  of  Sir  James's 
daughters.  .^^,,  ,,  f^.,^_ 

The  church  dedicated  to  St.  Radegund  is,  a  good  ftone  building, 
confiding  of  three  ifles  and  a  chancel,  all  covered  ,\vith  lead. 
There  is  only  one  fcucheon  of  painted  glafs  left  in  the  windows, 
which  is  of  the  Piercys,  Or,  a  Vum  rampant  Azure.  It  ilpod  in  the 
Ealf  window  of  the  South  ille,  but  was  removed  laft  year  for,  fe- 
curity  into  the  fame  window  of  the  North  iile,  where  was  for- 
merly a  chantry  dedicated  to  the  Virgin  Mary,  founded  by  WilHam 
de  Scruton,  A.  D,  1335,  iith  of  Edward  III.  and  feparated 
from  the  reit  of  the  church  by  a  handfome  partition  of  wainfcott 
ftill  remaining.  In  the  North  corner  of  it  lies  a  black,  liiarble 
upon  the  ground,  and  under  that  a  ftone  coiTm  with  bones  \n  it, 
perhaps  qf  the  founder;  but  as  the  brafs,  which  carried  the  in- 
icription  round  the  verge  of  the  marble,  is  torn,  off  and  loft,  there 
can  be  no  certainty  whom  it  belongs  to:  there  appears  alfo  to 
have  been  the  heads  of  a  man  and  a  woman  on  the  ftone  in  brafs; 
and  there  are  feveral  more  fiat  Hones  in  the  church  and  chancel, 
but  no  letters  on  them,  except  on  that  which  lies  under  the  com- 
munion table  for  Mr.  Watkinfon  the  rector,  who  was  buried  there 
in  1665. 

»  •       This 


OF     SC  RUT  ON.  ei9 

,  .'.'.      •-..^./■■.  -'■    • 
^Th'is  diaper' bV chanter y,  which  is  .wider  than  the  other  part  of 
the  North  ifle,  is -all  of  the  fame  materials  and  architcaure  as  the 
Tdft -of  the  church,    by  whidh  they  appear  to  have  been  built  at 
the  fame  time,  under  Edward  III.  a  few  years  after  it  had  been 
"burnt  by  the  Scots,  as  mentioned  before.      The  chantry   at  the 
(liflplution  un(J,cr  Henry  VIII.  was  valued  at  3I.  6s.  8d.  per  ann. 
The  two  heads  of  women  in  painted  glafs  there,    were  put  in 
by:, me,:  when  ,t>e  Percy  arms  were  removed  into  it.  , 

Theprqfent  town  contains  about  forty  houfes,  befides  feven 
"more  in  the  outparts.  It  has  a  pretty  green  before  the  church, 
planted  round  with  trees.  It  is  fituated  four  miles  from  North- 
allerton, and  three  from  Bedale,  both  good  market  towns.  The 
extent  of  the  pariHi  is  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  Eaft  to  Weft, 
and  much  the  fame  from  North  to  South;  in  Domefday  book  it 
is  faid  to  be  din:iid.  Leuc.  long,  et  dimid.  Leuc.  lat. 


F-'-l'  -N     I    :S.- 

^-1  i:  hi:::  /■■■■Jj,'-  vt'.uif  ;!  i'-' 


...11 

>;(.i 

/rjil 

;ib^ 

J.U 

ii  . 

!'.■.'■<: 

rli. 

'■?:•■'  !''H 


LrJi'Iy  puhUped  hy  j.  Nichols,   "Price  Five  Shtllwgs,  fcwed^ 
BIBLIOTHECA     TOPOGRAPHrCA     ERITANNICA,     N"  I. 

CO      N   •  I?'     A     1     K      I      N      G  ;,^ 

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C      22X       ] 


An  Historical  Discourse  \ipon  the  Ducal  Family  of  Biitany, 
Earls  of  Richmond.  By  Roger  Gale,  Efq.  Being  the  fub- 
ftaiice  of  his  Preface  to  the  "Regillrum  Honoris  de  Richmond." 

Among  the  many  adventurers  that  accompanied  William  duke 
of  Normandy  in  his  expedition  into  England  •'■,  were  no  lefs  than 
five  Ions  of  Eudo,  earl  of  Biitany  ;  Alan^  iurnamed  the  red^ 
Alan  the  blacky  and  Stephen^  all  fucceffiveJy  earls  of  Richmond, 
Brian-,  who  had  lands  given  him  in  Cornwall,  and  Ridald,  who 
had  Middleham  and  feveral  honours  beftowed  on  him  by  his  bro- 
ther Alan  in  Richmondfliire.  Bcfides  thefe,  Me  meet  with  two 
other  perfons  of  large  poffeffions  in  that  country,  Bardolf  and 
Bodin,  the  firft  ftyled  in  conjun6lion  with  Ribald,  Frater  Alani 
Comitisy  and  the  latter  Frater  Bardul/j\  in  all  probability  baftard 
brethren  of  the  other  five,  no  mention  being  any  where  made 
of  them  as  legitimate  children  of  Eudo. 

The  Armoric  hiftorians  tell  us  of  another  fpurious  fon  that 
he  had,  called  Deriandus,  but  it  does  not  ap2:>ear  that  he  ever 
came  into  England,  no  more  than  Geffrey,  the  eldefi:  of  his  fons 
born  in  lawful  matrimony,   and  furnamed  BotereL 

The  miftakes  about  Alan  the  firft  earl  of  Richmond 
have  been  infinite  ;  the  generality  of  ovir  hiftorians  fancy  him 
the  fame  man  as  Alan  Fergant  duke  of  Britanny,  and  therefore 
give  him  that  name,  though  I  cannot  find  it  ever  belonged  to 
him,  except  by  hi?  being  confounded  with  the  true  owner  of  it. 
He  is  as  falfely  called  by  them  nephew,  and  fon  in  law  to  William 
Ityled  the  Conqueror,  as  having  married  one  of  his  daughters; 
errors  thefe  as  great  as  the  former. 

His  being  miftaken  for  Alan  Fergant  is  evidently  due  to  theii' 
"liaving  the  fame  name  of  Alan ;   their  l)eing  contemporary,   and 

*  See  Preface  to  Gale's  "  Regiftrum  Honoris  de  Richmond." 

Part  IIL  [G  gj  both 


222         MR.     GALE'S    HISTORICAL    DISCOURSE 

both  of  the  ducal  family  of  Britany  :  but  to  fet  this  matter  in  a- 
clear  light,  it  will  be  neceflary  to  go  back  as  far  as  Geffrey  duke 
of  Britany,  v/ho  dying  in  the  year  1008,  left  by  his  wife  Avicia,,. 
fifter  of  Richard  duke  of  Normandy,  two  fons,  Alan  and  Eudo, 
who  lived  together  very  amicably  till  the  death  of  their  mother, 
which  happened  not  till  the  year  1034.  Eudo  then  being  dif- 
fatisfied  with  his  fliare  of  the  country,  and  unv^illing  to  fubmit 
to  his  brother  as  his  fovereign,  took  vip  arms  againft  him  ;  but 
being  routed  in  a  battle  at  Lehon,  was  glad  to  accept  of  an  ac- 
commodation made  up  by  their  relations,  whereby,  though  the 
terms  of  it  are  unknown,  Eudo  feems  to  have  enjoyed  his  part 
independant  of  Alan  for  life,  and  to  have  ilyled  himfelf  Comes- 
Britannice  as  well  as  his  brother^  w^io  furvived  this  treaty  but 
five  years. 

Eudo  upon  the  deeeafe  of  his  brother  feized  the  perfon  of  his 
Ton  Conan,  then  but  three  months  old,  and  kept  him  in  his 
hands  about  feven  years,  when  he  was  conftrained  by  the  no- 
bility to  releafe  him,  who  foon  after  acknowledged  the  young 
prince  for  their  fovereign;  but  being  no  more  than  eight  years 
old,  Eudo  ftill  retained  the  government  of  him  and  the  whole 
country  as  his  guardian,  fometimes  ftyling  himfelf  earl,  and 
fometimes  duke  of  Britany,  as  Lobineau  affirms,  though  the 
title  does  not  appear  in  any  of  the  charters  that  he  gives  us. 

This  Conan  the  fecond  left  no  legitimate  fon  ;  therefore  Hoel- 
earl  of  Nantes,  who  had  married  Avicia,  his  only  fifter,  was  de- 
clared duke  upon  his  death,  which  happened  at  the  latter  end 
'of  the  year  1066,  in  her  right ;  and  flie  dying  fix  years  after, 
left  him  five  children,  the  eldeft  of  W'hich,  Alan  furnamed  Fer- 
gant,  fucceeded  him  as  duke  of  Britany  in  the  year  1084.  Eudo 
died  1077,  and  was  fucceeded  as  earl  of  Penthievre  by  his  eldeft 
fon  Geffrey  Boterel,  who  likewife  called  himfelf  Comes  Britan- 
noriim,  though  he  was  never  acknowledged  by  any  other  than 

the 


ON     THE     DUCAL     FAMILY     OF     RICHMOND.         223 

the  firft  title  in  Britany.      All  the  reft  of  Eudo's  fons  were  well 
provided  for  in  England. 

From  what  has  been  premifed,  it  is  very  evident  that  Alan 
Tergant  duke  of  Britany,  and  Alan  Rujus  the  firft  earl  of  Rich- 
mond, were  perfons  entirely  diftinfl ;  neither  can  1  find  that 
this  Alan  earl  of  Richmond  ever  ftyled  himfelf  earl  of  Britany,  or 
duke  thereof  in  any  authentic  record,  though  ours  and  the  Bre- 
ton hiftorians  fay  the  whole  family  took  that  title.  The  fame 
may  be  laid  of  Alan  the  blacky  who  fucceeded  him  in  the  earl- 
dom of  Richmond ;  for  though  Sir  William  Dugdale  affirms 
that  he  wrote  himfelf  Comes  BritannicZ  et  Anglur^  thefe  words 
can  imply  no  more  than  that  he  \\'as  both  a  Britifli  and  an  Eng- 
lifti  earl  :  but  to  put  the  matter  out  of  difpute,  it  is  paft  contra- 
di(5tion  that  Sir  William  has  miftaken  his  man,  in  attributing 
thofe  grants  to  him,  which  were  made  by  his  nephew  Alan,  the 
fon  of  Stephen  earl  of  Richmond,  to  his  burgefles  of  that  town, 
as  is  exprefly  mentioned  in  the  latter  of  them,  hi  farther  con- 
firmation hereof,  we  are  told  by  the  regirter  of  Byland  abby, 
that  the  abby  of  Fors  in  Richmondfliire  was  founded  by  Akarius, 
the  fon  of  the  abovementioned  Bardolph  in  the  time  of  king- 
Stephen.  Now  as  Alan  the  fecond  earl  of  Richmond  died,  as  will 
hereafter  appear,  at  the  beginning  of  William  Rufus's  reign,  it 
can  be  no  other  than  Alan  the  third,  who  was  alfo  called  Niger, 
that  confirmed  the  grants  of  Akarius  to  that  abby  ;  and  he  indeed 
as  fon  to  Stephen  earl  of  Richmond,  and  hufband  to  Bertha,  fole 
daughter  and  heirefs  of  Gonan  the  third  duke  of  Britany,  had 
an  undoubted  right  to  both  of  thefe  titles,  and  the  dominions 
that  belonged  to  them. 

To  this  I  may  add,  that  Alan  the  donor  of  thofe  charters  is 
twice  mentioned  in  the  Monafticon  Anglicanum  to  have  had  a 
fon  named  Conan,  who  fucceeded  him  in  both  his  titles  and  ter- 
^-itories,-  whereas  Alan  the  fecond  deceafed  without  ifllie.      It  may 

G  g    2  be 


224         MR.    gale's    historical    DISCOURSE 

be  objected  indeed,  that  the  firft  charter  I  have  mentioned  for 
this  pnrpofe  may  be  of  Alan  the  fecond  for  any  thing  that  ap- 
pears in  it  to  the  contrary,  as  well  as  of  Alan  the  third  ;  but  it  is 
to  be  obferved,  that  one  of  the  witneffes-  that  figns  it  is  Akarius^ 
the  founder  of  Fors  abbey,  and  another  of  them  Scollandus,  who 
lived  at  the  time  of  that  foundation. 

Having  thus  fufficientl^y,  as  I  think,  diftinguifhed  all  the  fe- 
vera!  Alans  that  had  any  relation  to  the  earldom  of  Richmond,  I 
fliould  not  have  proceeded  any  farther  in  fettling  that  point,  had 
not  D'Argentre  in  his  Hiftory  of  Britany  given  an  account  fo  po- 
fitive  to  the  contrary  of  what  I  have  afTerted,  that  it  might  be 
thought  to  overthrow  every  thing  I  hav«  faid,  fliould  I  pafs  him 
by  without  fome  notice  taken  of  his  errors.  He  tells  us,  "  that 
William  duke  of  Normandy,  before  his  expedition  into  England, 
defired  an  aid  of  foldiers  from  Hoel  duke  of  Britany,  his  brother 
in  law,  who  complied  with  his  requeft,  and  fent  them  under 
command  of  his  fon  Alan  Fergant ;  that  Alan  arrived  in  England 
with  duke  William,  and  commanded  the  rear  of  his  army  at  the 
battle  of  Flaftings ;  that,  in  acknowledgement  of  his  good.ferr- 
vices,  the  duke  gave  this  Alan,  who  was  his  nephew,  the 
county  of  Richmond,  at  the  fiege  of  York;  after  which  Alan 
returned  into  Britany  with  the  greateft  part  of  his  followers, 
leaving  here  only  the  pooreft,  and  fuch  foldiers  of  fortune  as 
had  no  great  encouragement  to  go  home  again." 

A  little  reflection  will  demonftrate  this  fine  flory  to  be  a  chain 
of  blunders  from  one  end  to  the  other  ;  for  Hoel  was  not  duke 
of  Britany  when  William  undertook  this  voyage  to  England,  Co- 
nan  the  fecond  being  then  living,  and  in  pofTefTion  of  that  duke- 
dom for  fome  months  after  the  landing  of  the  Normans  at  Pe- 
venfey,  which  was  on  the  8th  of  September,  to66,  and  Conan's 
death  not  till  the  1 1  th  of  December  following,  and  the  battle  of 
Haftings  had,  by  the  death  of  Harokl  king  of  England,  put  an 

end 


ON    THE    DUCAL    FAMILY    OF    RICHMOND.        2:5 

end  to  the  difpute  for  that  crown  on  the  intermediate  fourth  of 
October,  before  Hoel  came  to  the  dukedom  of  Britany.  As  for 
Hoel's  being  brother  in  law  to  William,  he  rieither  married  Wil- 
liam's filler,  nor  William  his ;  the  wife  of  the  former  being- 
Mathilda,  daughter  to  the  real  earl  of  Flanders,  and  the  wife  of 
the  latter  Avicia,  daughter  to  Alan  the  third  earl  of  Britany,  and 
by  confequence  his  fon  Alan  Fergant  no  way  nephew  to  William, 
nor  was  there  ever  any  intermarriage  of  Hoel's  and  William's  pa- 
rents, to  make  out  this  relation  of  brother  in  law  between  them 
that  way.  Of  the  fame  piece  is  it  that  after  Alan  was  created  earl 
of  Richmond  he  returned  into  his  own  country,  leaving  none  in 
England  but  the  refufe  of  his  followers  :  he  did  indeed  frequently 
go  backwards  and  forwards  between  England  and  Britany  during 
the  refidue  of  his  life,  but  never  made  Britany  his  home;  his 
eftates  and  honour  lay  in  England,  there  he  fixed  himfelf,  his  bro- 
thers, and  the  moft  eminent  of  his  followers,  as  is  apparent  from 
Doomlday  book,  and  there  in  all  probability  he  died  and  was  buried. 
The  name  Fergant  has  much  perplexed  our  antiquaries,  fome 
thinking  it  fignihed  Rufus,  thefe  Alans  being  generally  called 
Fergant  or  Rufus  at  the  fame  time.  Lobineau,  in  his  GlolTary, 
fays,  it  was  "  Sobriquet  explique  par  quelques  auteurs  par  le  terme 
de  Moindre,  ou  de  plus  jeun  :"  D'Argentre  confirms  this  when  he 
calls  him  Alain  Fergent  ou  le  Moindre^  but  why  he  fliould  be 
called  the  lejfer  or  the  younger  is  unknown  to  me.  The  derivation 
I  had  of  this  name  from  the  Rev,  Dr.  Wotton  feems  more  ra- 
tional, who  thinks  it  is  formed  from  the  word  Bergam  •••  or  Ffer- 

*  Letter  from  the  Rev.  Mr.  Moses  Williams,  vicar  of  Burg-Walter  [Bridgewater]  in  Somer- 

fetfliire,  to  Mr.  Gale. 

"  As  I  was  fome  time  ago  collating  an  ancient  Welili  copy  of  Caratlog  of  Llnngarvon's  lliftory 
of  the  Princes  of  Wales  with  Dr.  Pcvell's  Englifli  verfion-,  1  foiintl  there  a  word  \vhich  is  no 
Diftionary.  Llawgan  ox  Llaivgcitt  a  furname,  q.  d.  Bt'cvimanu^,  in  the  Englidi  co^y  Cow  tmaii!, 
]n  the  Irifli  Gan,  Gaiit,  Gen  or  Gent  is  brcvis.  What  I  infer  from  hence  is,  that  Alan  Fcrgcnt  in 
your  Honour  of  Richmond  is  thejaort-leggedoyliuiic.  Ec  pleafcd  to  oxiife  me,  and  believe  mi: 
Sir,  your  moft  humble  lervant, 

Burghir'altci,  July  21,   I733'  Mosr;  Williams." 

ga;?/. 


225         MR.     GALE'S    HISTORICAL     DISCOURSE 

o-am,  which  in  the  old  Aremoric  fignifies  bandy  legged^  as  it 
does  alfo  in  the  Welch  ;  it  being  no  unufual  thing  at  that  time 
to  give  the  greatell  men  nick-names  from  any  accidental  de- 
formity they  were  diflinguiflied  by. 

It  has  been  a  received  tradition,  that  William  the  firft  conferred  the 
earldom  of  Richmond  upon  Alan  the  red  by  the  following  charter. 

"  Ego  Willelmus  cognomine  Baitardus,  Rex  Anglix,  do  et 
"  concedo  tibi  Nepoti  raeo  Alano  Britannia;  Comiti,  et  h^redibus 
"  tuis  imperpetuum,  omnes  villas  et  terras  quie  nuper  fuerunt 
"  Comitis  Edwyni  in  Eborafchira,  cum  feodis  militum,  et  ecclefiis, 
"  et  aliis  libertatibus  et  confuetudinibus,  ita  libere  et  horifice  licut 
"  idem  Edwvnus  ea  tenuit.   Dat.  in  obfidione  coram  civitate  Ebor." 

This  fuppofed  charter  has  mifled  all  our  hiftorians,  though 
\ipon  the  firlt  view  it  difcovers  undeniable  marks  of  falfehood. 
The  fubftance  of  it,  however,  is  true  ;  it  being  certain  that  this 
Alan  was  invefted  with  all  the  lands  of  earl  Edwyn  in  Yorklhire  ; 
and  thofe  which  he  obtained  in  Norfolk,  Suffolk,  and  other  coun- 
ties, were  all  of  them  belonging  to  the  fame  earl,  or  earl  Algar, 
his  father  ;  and  his  poffeffions  were  fo  large  in  the  latter,  that  he 
fometimes  ftyled  MwcStM  Comes  Orientalium  Anglorum. 

The  grant,  perhaps,  might  be  made  him,  as  it  fets  forth,  in 
obfidione  Eboraci,  which  was  about  three  years  after  the  Norman 
invafion,  though  it  is  more  probable  that  it  was  not  given  him 
till  the  fifth  of  William  the  Firll,  when  Edwyn,  meditating  a  new 
rebellion,  was  killed  by  his  own  followers  in  his  way  to  Scot- 
land, he  having  fubmitted  to,  and  made  his  peace  with,  the  king 
foon  after  the  battle  of  Halfings.  It  is  not  therefore  unlikely 
that  he  kept  his  eflate  till,  by  his  reiterated  rebellions,  he  pro- 
voked the  king  to  deprive  him  of  it,  and  beftow  it  iipon  earl 
Alan.  But  that  he  gave  Alan  his  daughter  Conitantia,  as  Ibme 
have  afferted,  is  as  untrue  as  that  he  was  his  uncle  ;  Conftantia 
3  having 


ON    THE    DUCAL     FAMILY    OF    RICHMOND.         2:7 

having  been  married  to  Alan  Fcrgant,  the  fon  of  Iloel,   A.  D. 
1087.      This  error  is  eafily  accounted  for,   by  their  confounding 
the  two  in  this  as  in  other  particulars  ;   and  as  the  earl  of  Rich- 
mond has  no  other  wife  mentioned  any  where  elfe,  it  is  not  un- 
reafonable  to  conclude  that  he  was  never  married,   and  that  he 
died  without  iffue,   as  both   ours  and  the  Breton   writers    agree. 
The  Saxon  annals,  I  muft  confefs,   do  mention  one  Brien,  fon 
of  earl  Alan  Fergant ;   and  there  was  foon  after  our  Alan's  time, 
a  peribn  of  great  note  called  Brien  Fitz  Conte^   about  whofe  pa- 
rentage we  are  entirely  in  the  dark  ;   we  might  therefore  very 
well  conclude  with  a  learned  antiquary,   that  he  was  a  natural  fon 
of  this  earl  Alan's  by  Lucia  de  Baladon,  had  he  not  alfo  been  ex- 
prefsly  called  in  the  "  Hiftoria  Fundationis  Ccenobii  Bergavenfis" 
Brienthis  filius  Cojnhis  delnfula,  which  was  a  title  our  earl  Alan  never 
enjoyed  ;   and  the  mother  of  this  Brien  is  in  the  fame  place  like- 
wife  lliled  Co7nitiJfa  de  Infula,  fo  that  it  was  highly  probable  Hie 
was  the  legal  wife  of  fome  Gomte  de  Liflc,   though  it  is  not  now 
known  who  he  was.      Neither  can  that  Brien,   for  the  redemp- 
tion of  whofe  foul  Alan  the   third  earl  of  Richmond  gave  x' 
fingulis  annis  de  feria  de  Merdrefom^    be  this  Brien  Fitz  Conte, 
jfince  Alan  the  third  there  mentioned  calls  him  his    uncle,   and 
confequently  he  muft  have  been  Brien,  fon  of  Eudo,  earl  of  Bri- 
tany,   which  Brien  was  brother  to  the  two  firft  Alans  and  Stephen, 
all  earls  of  Richmond,   the  latter  of  which  was  the  father  of  Alan 
the  third.      He  came  with  his  brothers  into  England,   and  having 
done  king  William  lignal  fervice,  particularly  in  defeating  two 
fons  of  Harold  that  came  with  an  army  from  Ireland  to  revenge 
their  father's  death,   and  drive  out  the  Normans,   had  fevcral  lands 
given  him  here  ;   but  marrying  the  heirefs  of  Chateau  Brient  in 
his  own  country,  retired  thither,  and  laid  the  foundation  of  a 
noble  family  that  flourilhed  there  for  many  ages.      It  is  highly 
probable  he  then  relinquiflied  his  eftate  in  England  to  his  brother 

Stephen, 


228      MR.     GALE'S    HISTORICAL    DISCOURSE 

Stephen,  which  by  that  means  devolving  upon  his  nephew  Alan 
the  third,  he  might  very  well  fay,  De  cujus  bar  edit  ate  t  err  am 
Cornubia  pojfideo.  It  is  to  be  obferved  farther,  that  this  deed 
bears  date  A.  D.  1 140  ;  and  that  Brian  Fitz  Conte  being  at  Brif- 
tol  in  1 141  was  witnefs  to  a  deed  of  lands  given  to  the  priory 
of  Lantony,  and  perhaps  at  the  fame  time  gave  fome  lands  in 
Cornwall  to  that  church  himfelf,  lb  that  if  this  Brien  and  Brien 
Fitz  Conte  were  the  fame  perfon,  Alan  muft  have  made  this  be- 
nefaction for  the  foul  of  his  uncle  out  of  the  lands  he  inherited 
from  him  before  his  uncle  was  dead. 

The  genealogical  account  of  the  earls  before  the  Regifter  of  the 
Honour  of  Richmond,  buries  Alan  Rufus  at  St.  Edmund's  Bury, 
as  does  Lobineau  upon  the  authority  of  that,  and  Sir  William 
Dugdale  inters  both  him  and  his  brother  Alan  Niger  at  the  fame 
place,  quoting  his  Monafticon  Anglicanum  to  prove  the  firfb,  and 
Leland  for  the  latter.  They  may  indeed  both  lie  there  ;  but  who- 
ever will  give  himfelf  the  trouble  to  compare  the  two  pafTages  cited 
by  him,  will  find  them  both  to  be  taken  from  the  fame  author, 
to  confift  of  the  fame  words,  and  to  relate  to  one  an-d  the  fame 
man,  fo  that  they  only  prove  one  of  thefe  Alan's  to  have  been 
there  entombed,  which,  M'ith  the  moft  certainty,  appears  to 
have  been  Niger  the  fecond  brother. 

The  annals  of  Margan  place  the  death  of  Alan  Rufus,  A.  D. 
1089,  which  agrees  very  well  with  the  account  given  of  him  in 
the  Hiftory  of  the  foundation  of  St.  Mary's  Abbey  at  York.  An 
ancient  chronicle  formerly  belonging  to  the  abbey  at  St.  Edmund's 
Bury,  but  now  in  the  library  of  the  Right  Hon.  the  earl  of  Ox- 
ford ;  and  another  in  the  Cottonian  Repofitory,  informs  us,  that 
anno  1093,  Alanus  Comes  Britann'ue  obiit  \  hie  jacet  ^d  ejlium 
(lujlrale  SaiiBi  Edmundi^  which  was  in  the  fifth  or  fixth  year  of 
William  the  fecond,  and  fallifies  what  was  faid  of  earl  Stejihen's 
perfuading  that  king  to  hold  a  parliament  at  Yoik,   A.  D.  IG89, 

in 


ON    THE   DUCAL   FAMILY    OF    RICHMOND.         a^ 

in  the  fccond  year  of  his  reign,  and  of  his  then  enlarging  and  rc- 
founding  that  abbey;  but  if,  inflead  of  Stephen,  we  ru])pof(^  this 
was  done  by  Alan  Niger,  it  will  appear  to  have  been  no  more  than., 
a  miftakc  of  the  author  between  the  names  of  the  two  brothers. 

I  fliould  have  fiiid  no  more  of  thefe  two  Alans,   had   not  the 
incident  of  their  bearing  the  fame  name  made  it  a  little  dubious  at 
firft  whether  they  were  not  the  fame  perfon.      hiftances  of  this 
are    fo  unfrequent,   that  a  better  proof  cannot   be   produced  of 
their  being  two  diftincSt  perlons,  than  a  deed  in  Father  Lobineau, 
wherein  they  are  both  mentioned,   with  their  brothers,   Geffrey, 
Robert,   and  Brien,  that  were  legitimate,   and  Deriandus  with  a 
lifter  of  his,  that  were  only  natural  children  of  their  father  Eudo. 
The  like  difhnd:  mention  is  made  of  them  in  the  Monarticon  An- 
glicanum.      In  the  above-mentioned  deed  of  Lobineau,   Brien  is 
made  predeceffor  to  the  Alans  by  a  miftake,  he  being  certainly 
younger  brother  to  them  both,  except  the  words  Brieniius  Comes ^n-^ 
glica  terra  are  intended  only  to  relate  to  Cornwall,  which  probably 
he  might  relinquifli  to  his  brothers,  as  has  been  before  obferved. 
Having,  as  I   think,  fo  perfe61:ly  cleared  the  difficulties  and 
confufions  in  the  defcent  and  family  of  the  two  firft  earls  of  Rich- 
mond, little  remains  to  be  faid  of  the  third,  Stephen,  their  bro- 
ther and  fuccelfor,   except  that  he  feems  to  have  fpent  moft  of  his 
time  in  Britany.     He  was  neverthelefs  a  good  benefadtor  to  feveral , 
monaft:eries  in  England,   as  to  that  of  St.  Edmund's  Bury,   that  of 
Swineflied   in  Lincolnfliire,     Swavefey   in  Cambridgefliire,    but 
moft  eminently  to  that  of  St.  Mary's  in  York,   where  his  obfe- 
quies  were  celebrated  annually  on  the   20th  of  April,  his  heart 
having  been   there  depofited  at  his  death.      If  he  was  but  20 
years  old  at  the  Norman  invafion,  he  muft  have  been  about  90 
when  he  died,   which  was  not  till  the  year  11 37   or  11 38,   but 
he  might  not  perhaps  come  with  the  reft  of  his  brethren  into 
England,  but  follow  their  good  fortune  fome  time  after,   and  fo 
be  a  little  younger. 

Part  III.  [H  h]  -  The 


*3- 


MR.    GALE'S    mSTORICAL    DISCOURSE 


The  Genealogical  Hiftory  of  the  earls  of  Richmond    in  the 
Monadicon  Anglicanum,  and  before  the  Regifter  of .  the.  Honour: 
pf  Richmond^   bury  him  in  the  monai^ery  of  Begar>   a.  houfe  of 
Ciliertians  founded  by  him  in  Britany,.  as  does  Lobineau  from 
the  fume  authority,  thovigh  he  lays  him  afterwards  in  the  cathe- 
dral of  St.  Bnene,   as  docs  likewife  Du  Paz  near,  the  body  of  his- 
rither.      He  had  fevcral  fons,   tlie  eldeft  of  whichj,  named  Geffry^. 
died  before  him^   but  he  had  the  pleafure  to  fee  his  fecond  foil 
Alan  married  to  Bertha,  fole  daughter  and  heirefs  of  Conan  the. 
third  duke  of  Britany,   and  confequently  the  profpect  of  uniting 
the  entire  dukedom  of  Britany   and  the  earldom  of  Richmond, 
in  his  own    family,   which-  was   accordingly  accomplilhed  upon 
ConaQ  the  third's  death,    A.  D.  ii4.3',  when  Conan, .  fon  of  this 
Alan   and   Bertha,   fucceeded    his  grandfath-er   in  the  dutchy  of, 
Britany,  having  been  two  years  before  in  poffeirion  of  his  father's 
eftate,    who  died  Sept.  5,    it  46.      It  was  this  that  gave  Conan  the 
third  an   opportunity    of  ftyling  himfelf  Comes  Ricdmujjdue, .  as 
tutor  and  guardian  to  his  grandfon,   fov.  he  could  have  no  other 
right  to  that  title,   as  I.obineau  has  obferved,  though  in  his  col- 
lection  of  proofs  to  his  hiftory  he  gives   you   one  deed  dated 
1 145,   wherein  this  Conan  calls  himfelf  Comes  Richmundice.  ;   but 
as  it  is  placed  after  another  deedclated.  1 146,   it  appears  to  be  aa 
error  of  the  printer. 

As  for  Alan  the  third,  he  was  alfo  called  Alanus  Niger^  which 
appellation  no  doubt  was  the  frequent  caufe  of  his  being  confound- 
ed with  Alan  the  fecond,  his  uncle,  who  had  the  fame  name,  as 
has  been  before  obferved.  He  fpent  the  greateft  part  of  his  latter 
days  in  England,  and  was  a  faithful  adherent  to  king  Stephen,. 
by  whom  he  had  the  government  of  the  county  of  Cornwall  com- 
mitted to  his  care,  from  whence  he  fometimcs  called  himfejt' 
Comes  CorfiubicP,  as  well  as  BritannicE  et  Rkhemimtis.  He. 
had  the  good  fortune  to  efcape  at  the  defeat  which  king  Stephen, 
received  at  Lincoln,  but  was  foon  afterwards  furprized  at  a  con- 
ference, 


ON    THE    DUCAL   FAMILY    OF    RICHMOND.     231 

ference,  and  taken  prifoner  by  R.anulph  earl  of  Chcfter,  who 
treated  him  with  great  leverity,  and  forced  him  to  give  up  the 
government  of  Cornwall  before  he  could  regain  his  liberty. 
During  his  confinement  he  was  vifited  by  a  monk  of  Savigny  in 
Normandy,  named  Petrus  de  Quinciaco,  who  pradlifed  phydck, 
and  took  great  care  of  him.  hi  gratitude  for  the  kindneflei  he  re- 
ceived from  this  monk,  whom  he  acknowledged  to  be  the  pre- 
ferver  of  his  life,  he  not  only  bellowed  Engleby  on  the  church  of 
Savigny,  but  in  favour  of  him  he  confirmed  all  the  grants  of 
Akarius,  the  fon  of  Bardolf,  to  the  monailery  of  Fors  in  Rich- 
mondfhire,  and  was  fuch  a  benefactor  to  it  himfelf,  that  he  may 
very  well  be  regarded  as  a  fecond  founder  of  it,  fince,  by  his  libe- 
ralities to  it,  his  encouragement  to  enrich  it,  and  the  large  privi- 
leges he  endowed  it  with,  he  preferved  it  from  finking  into  ruin 
while  it  was  yet  in  its  cradle.  He  was  in  England  in  1 145,  and 
dying  the  year  following  in  Britany,  was  interred  there  in  the 
monaftery  of  Begar. 

Gonan  the  fourth,  his  fon  and  fucceflbr  in  Britany  and  Rich- 
mond, built  the  great  gate-houfe  or  tower,  ftill  remaining  at  the 
entrance  into  the  caftle  of  Richmond.  He  was  a  good  friend  to 
the  abbey  of  Fors,  which  he  tranflated  to  Jervaux  as  a  more  com- 
modious lituation,  as  he  was  alfo  to  St.  Mary's  at  York,  by  con- 
firming all  the  grants  of  his  predeceffors  to  it.  The  abbey  of 
Kirkftall  in  Lincolnlhire,  Denny  in  Cambridgefliire,  and  St. 
Martin's  near  Richmond,  were  all  partakers  of  his  charity,  befides 
the  nunnery  founded  by  him  at  Rowney  in  Hertfordlhire. 

He  was  but  a  weak  prince  in  his  temix)ral  affairs,  and  fuch  a 
dependant  upon  Henry  II.  king  of  England,  that  in  1166,  he 
contraded  his  daughter  Coniiance  to  Geffrey,  that  king's  fecond 
fon,  when  fhe  was  not  five,  and  he  but  eight  years  old  ;  and  in 
confideration  of  that  marriage,  though  it  could  not  be  confum- 
mated  for  feveral  years,  gave  up  the  fovereignty  of  Britany,  and 
aded  only  as  lieutenant  to  Henry,  referving  to  himfelf  no  more 

H  h   2  of 


J23i         MR.    GALE'S    HISTORICAL    DISCOURSE 

of  his  dominions  than  the  coi^nties  of  Guingamp  and  Richmond, 
which  defcended  to  him  from  his  grandfather  Stephen,  Henry- 
taking  to  himfelf,  in  right  of  his  fon  Geffrey,  all  that  was  hrough 
into  the  family  by  Bertha,  grandmother  to  Conrtance.  Conan 
died  the  25th  of  June,  iiyt,  and  was  buried  at  Begar,  where- 
tipon  the  honor  and  county  of  Richmondj  which  had  been  en- 
joyed by  his  predeceffors  for  one  hundred  years,  was  retained 
lor  fome  time  in  the  king's  hands;  for  we  find  in  1172  that 
**  Randulfus  de  Glanville  reddidit  compotum  de  vi.  /.  viii.  j-.  Sz 
"  iid,  de  veteri  firma  anni  praeteriti  de  honore  Comitis  Conani," 
which  was  for  the  year  in  which  Conan  died.  He  was  ftill  in 
the  pofTefhon  of  it  in  1 1  73,  1 175,  and  1 1 83.  Geffrey  however 
had  feizin  given  him  of  the  duchy  of  Britany  during  Conan's 
life,  as  appears  by  his  doing  homage  for  it  in  T169  to  his  elder 
brother  Henry  as  duke  of  Normandy,  by  his  father's  command, 
though  his  marriage  was  not  confummated  wath  Conlfance  till 
11S2. 

As  I  am  not  writing  a  hiifory  of  the  dukes  of  Britanny,  it 
would  be  impertinent  to  fay  any  more  of  this  Geffrey,  than  that, 
having  fpent  the  Ihort  term  of  his  life  in  continual  broils  with  his 
father  king  Henry,  who  had  lb  well  provided  for  him ;  he  died 
at  Paris  the  19th  day  of  Auguft  11  86,  whither  his  rebellious 
temper  had  carried  him,  to  flir  up  the  French  king  to  take  up 
arms  againft  him.  His  untimely  death  overtook  him  by  a  fall 
from  his  horfe  at  a  tournament,  vt'here  he  was  lb  much  bruifed 
by  that  and  the  trampling  of  others  upon  him  when  down,  that 
the  fkill  of  the  ablefl  could  not  fave  his  life. 

He  left  by  Conflance  a  daughter  called  Eleanor,  who,  being  in 
king  Henry'b  hands  at  his  death,  and  falling  afterwards  into  thofe 
of  his  fuccelTors,  Richard  the  Firft  and  John,  lived  many  years 
a  prifoner  in  Corfe-Calfle,  Gloucefter,  and  Brirtol,  where  Ihe 
died  in  ]24r.  The  duchefs  of  Britany  was  alfo  delivered  of  a 
1  poll:humous 


ON  THE  DUCAL  FAMILY  OF  RICHMOND.   2^3 

pofthumous  foil  on  Eafter  Sunday,   March  the   28th,  after  the 
duke's  death,   to  the  great  joy  of  the  whole  country,   though  the 
-fequel  of  this  unfortunate  prince's  hfe  proved  of  httle  advantage 
to  them.      The  duchefs  was  foon  after  ohhged,   by  Henry  the 
iecond,   to  marry  Ranulph  Blundevil,   earl  of  Chefter,   who  u  as 
fo  difagreeable  to  the  Bretons,  that  immediately  after  that  king's 
death,   which  happened  in  1 189,   they  drove  him  out,  and  made 
him  glad  to  take  refuge  in  England,  his  lofs  being  neither  regrettecjl 
by  Conftance,  nor  his  pretentions  fupported  by  Richard  the  Firft, 
.whofe  delign  was  for  getting  the  guardianfliip  of  the  young  duke 
into  his  hands,,  and  by  confequence  the  government  of  the  ducliy  ; 
though  others    alledge   the  earl  of  Chefter  forlbok  the  duchefs, 
from  a  jealoufy  he  entertained  of  her  being   too   familiar  with 
the  king's  brother  John,,  which,   all  things  confidered,  does  not 
appear  very  probable. 

I  know  very  well  that  D'Argentre  does  make  this  marriage  be- 
tween Ranulph  and  Conftance  to  have  been  effected  by  Richard 
the  Firft,  and  not  before  the  year  11961;  but  Lobineau,  an  au- 
thor of  much  greater  accuracy,  fays,  it  was  done  by  Henry  the 
Second,  and  what  he  relates  of  this  aftair  is  confirmed  by  the 
Chronicle  of  Wefliam,  which  tells  us,  that  in  n88  (the  year 
before  Henry's  death)  he  gave  to  this  earl  in  marriage  *'  Conftan- 
tiam  cum  tota  Britannia,  et  Comitatu  Richmondi?s,"  and  therq^r 
upon  he  ftyled  him  **  Dux  Britannia),  Comes  Ceftriae,  et  Rich-- 
mondisei/h'i  r- 

During  tlie  abfence  of  Richard  the  Firft  in  the  Holy  Land,  and 
his  imprifonment  in  Germany,  Britany  enjoyed  fome  repofe  under 
the  admihiftratibn  ©fr-Conftanqe  ;  but  two  years  after  his  return, 
Atthur  being  /ackoovykdged  , duke  in  a  general  affembly  of  the-, 
nobility  at  Rei1nes,-frefii  troubles  broke  out,  and  Richard  to  fe- 
cure  the  government  to  hin^elf,  perluaded  Ranulph  to  furprize 
and  feize  the  duchefs  his  wife,  which  he  effec^ted,  though  it 
proved  to  little  purpofe';-  for  Arthur  being  carried,, off  in);Q  France, 

an 


*34        MR.    GALE'S    HISTORICAL    DISCOURSE 

an  agreement  was  made  the  year  following,  by  which  the  ducheft 
regained  her  liberty,  and  ailed  again  as  fovereign  of  the  coun- 
try :  Arthur  likewife,  a  little  before  Richard's  death,  which  hap- 
pened on  April  6,  1199,  had  left  the  French  king,  and  was 
reconciled  to  his  uncle;  notwithftanding  which,  the  king  by  his 
laft  will  declared  his  brother  John  heir  to  his  dominions,  though 
Arthur  had  the  right  of  primogeniture,  being  fon  to  Geffrey, 
elder  brother  to  John. 

As  to  the  county  of  Richmond,  during  the  reign  of  Richard 
the  Firft,  we  find  it  was  in  his  hands  foon  after  his  return  from 
his  captivity  in  Auilria,  which  was  in  the  year  1194-,  fo  that  it 
appears  to  have  been  furrendered  by  or  taken  from  the  earl  of 
Cheller,  when  he  was  parted  from  his  wife  the  countefs  thereof, 
and  never  to  have  been  reflored  to  her,  or  her  fon  Arthur,  upon 
their  reconciliation  with  the  king;  but,  on  the  contrary,  he 
feems  to  have  retained  it  as  long  as  he  lived,  by  his  appointing 
Roger  de  St.  Edmundo  to  be  archdeacon  of  Richmond,  in  the 
tenth  and  laft  year  of  his  reign. 

King  John  never  left  harralling  the  unfortunate  Arthur,  who 
was  fometimes  prote6led,  and  fometimes  abandoned  by  Philip 
the  Thii-d  of  France,  as  it  fuited  his  intereft,  till  in  the  year 
1202  he  was  furprized  by  him  at  the  fiege  of  Mirabeau  in 
Poidlou,  after  which  we  hear  nothing  more  of  him  than  his 
being  removed  as  a  prifoner  from  one  caftle  to  another,  till  he 
met  with  his  death  in  April  1203,  which  there  is  too  much  rea- 
fon  to  fufpedl  was  accomplilhed  by  the  command  of  his  inhuman 
unclcj  if  not  perpetrated  by  his  hand. 

As  his  mother  Conrtance  had  been  married  to  the  earl  of 
Chefter  contrary  to  her  inclinations,  (he  was  eafily  perfuaded  to 
part  with  him,  and  make  room  for  another  hufband.  Con- 
fanguinity  in  the  third  and  fourth  degree  was  pretended  be- 
tween them,  and  fhe  defired  no  better  excufe  for  marrying  Guy 
de  Thouars,  a  nobleman  of  Britany  that  had  engaged  in  her  party 

agaipil 


ON    THE    DUCAL    FAMILY    OF    RICHMOND.        235 

againft  king  John.  Ranulph  was  as  indifferent  for  the  duchefs 
as  fhe  could  be  for  him,  when  he  could  not  pofTefs  the  duchy 
as  well  as  her  perfon  ;  therefore,  calling  this  new  marrriage  of 
hers  an  open  adultery,  and  indeed  it  was  little  better,  he  pro- 
cured a  divorce,  and  married  another  lady,  called  by  fome  Con- 
flantia,  by  others  Clementina,  daughter  of  Ralph  de  Fougeres^ 
and  fo  quitted  all  pretenfions  to  the  title  of  duke  of  Britany  and 
earl  of  Richmond. 

The  duchefs  had  the  happinefs  to  I^ave  this  world  in  Auguft 
or  September,  1201,  and  fo  had  not  the  affliction  of  lamenting 
the  untimely  end  of  her  Ion  Arthur,  which  was  fo  far  from  ef- 
tablifliing  king  John's  intereft  in  Britany,  that  it  was  the  intire 
ruin  of  all  his  affairs  in  France.  The  nobility  affembling  them- 
felves  at  Vannes,  complained  to  the  French  king,  as  their  fu- 
preme  lord,  of  the  murther  committed  by  king  John  upon  his 
nephew  their  dakc,  and  implored  him  to  revenge  fo  heinous  a 
crime.  At  the  fame  time,  it  is  probable,  they  conferred  the 
government  of  their  country  upon  Guy  de  Touars,  father  by  the 
late  duchefs  Conifance  to  two  daughters,  Alice  and  Catherine, 
the  eldefl  of  which  they  looked  upon  as  duchefs,  after  the  de* 
ceafe  of  her  half  brother  Arthur,  and  during  the  imprifonment 
of  Eleanor  his  filler  in  England,  from  which  Ihe  was  never  re- 
leafed  ;  for  we  find  him  immediately  after  acSting  as  agent,  and' 
himCelf  Comes  Britanniie. 

Philip  was  extremely  rejoiced  at  the  opportunity,  and  having- 
fummoned  king  John  as  his  vaffal  to  anfwer  what  was  laid  to 
his  charge,  declared  him  guilty  of  contumacy  upon  his  neglect- 
ing to  appear  before  him  ;  and,  by  the  affillance  of  the  Bretons, 
and  his  fupine  remifsnefs,  not  only  deprived  him  of  Britany, 
but  in  a  little  time  took  from-  him  all  his  dominions  in  Normandy 
and  Aquitaine. 

It 


;   "go  'Y.         ■    •.     '--•■■ 

2:6  MR.     GALE'S    HISTORICAL     DISCOURSE 


-:> 


It  cannot  be  imagined  but  that  king  John,  who  would  wil- 
lingly have  deprived  his  nephew  of  the  duchy  of  Britany,  kept 
fait  hold  pf  the  county  of  Richmond,:  the  pofl'eilion  of  which  he 
received  from  his  brother  Richard  at  his  death.  lahis  fecond, 
year,  Alan  FitzRoald  gave  him  300  marks,  and  three  paifjeys,. 
for  the  cuftody  of  Richmond  callle.  In  his  third  year  v.e  find 
him  difpoling  of  that  archdeaconry  ;  in  his  eighth  he  conlliiuted 
Hugh  Neville,  governor  of  the  catllc,  and  in^.all.' probability  he 
never  parted  with  it,  till  in  his  17th  year  he  invited  Peter  Mau- 
clerk  into  England,  with  a  promife  to  reftore  it  to  him,  for  his 
afliftance  againlf  the  Englifli  barons,  then  in  arms  fur  defence 
of  their  liberties. 

Guy  de  Touars,  as  guardian  to  his  daughter,  was  regent  of 
Britany  for  feveral  years,  till  the  French  king  gave  her  in  mar-' 
riage  to  Peter  de  Dreux  or  Mauclerk  in  the  year  1212,  who  there- 
upon did  homage  to  him  for  the  duchy,  though  the  nuptial  ce- 
remony w'as  for  fome  time  deferi-ed,  flie  being  then  but  twelve 
years  old.  After  this,  Guy,  who  was  a  man  of  no  great  fpirit 
or  ambition,  retired  and  lived  privately  with  his  lecond  wife  Eu- 
Itatia  de  Chemillc,  till  the  13th  of  April,  1213,  -vhen  he  de- 
parted this  life,  and  was  buried,  as  it  is  faid,  by  ihe  duchefs 
Conftance,  in  the  abbey  of  Villeneuve   founded  by  her. 

By  this  match,  the  king  of  France  fancied -he,  lliould  eftablifli 
his  fuperiority  over  the  Bretons  indifputably  for  the  lime  to  come; 
for,  befides  the  hard  conditions  he  impofed  upon  Peter,  and  the 
fecurity  he  exadled  both  from  his  father  and  elder  brother 
for  the  due  performance  of  them,  this  new  duke  was  nearly  al- 
lied to  him,  being  of  the  blood -royal  of.  France,  ,dcfcended  from 
Robert  earl  of  Dreux,  fecond  (on  of  Lewis  the  the  Sixth,  in  a  di- 
rect line.  He  was  indeed  ibme  time  firm  to  the  French  interefl; 
but  being  an  ambitious  piince,  jealous  of  his  own  authority,  and 
always  having  an  eye  to  his  own  advantage,  he  kept  in  under- 
hand. 


ON    THE    DUCAL    FAMILY    OF    RICHMOND.        237 

hand,  both  with  king  John  at  the  latter  end  of  his,   and  Henry 
the  Third  at   tlie  beginning  of  his  reign,  fo  that  till  the  nth 
year  of  the  latter,  A.  D.  1227,  he  enjoyed  the  honour  of  Rich- 
mond, except  fome  lands  he  had  quitted  claim  to  on  the  fouth 
iide  of  Humber*.      Such  friends  were  this  king  and  duke  in 
1225,  that  Henry  fwore  to  marry  his  daughter  Joland,  to  afhft 
him  to  the  utmoft  of  his  power  for  recovering  his  rights,  never 
to  make  peace  with  any  of  the  duke's  enemies  without  his  con- 
fent  ;   that  he    would  undertake  his  brother,   the  earl  of  Corn- 
wall,  fhould  come  into  the  fame   agreement;   that  in  cafe  the 
king  of  France  fliould  deprive  the  duke  of  his  ell:ate  in   France, 
he  lliould  have  the  entire  Honour  of  Richmond  in  lieu  thereof, 
whoever  was   then  in  pofTeflion  of  it  ;   that  if  he  married   his 
daughter,   he  would  be  folely  governed  by  him  in  all  things,   with 
other  advantageous  t  additions,   all  which  neverthelefs   came  to 
nothing ;   for  Peter,   being  about  two  years  after  deferted  by  the 
reft  of  his  confederates,  was  forced  to  iubmit  to  the  French  king 
Lewis  VIII.  upon  very  diflionorable  terms,   and  among  the  reft  a 
promife  to  marry  his  daughter,   that  was  defigned  for  the  king  of 
England,   to  the  earl  of  Anjou,   Lewis's  brother,   as  foon  as  Ihe 
fliould  be  14  years  old;   and  in  confequence  of  this  treaty,  flie 
was  immediately  fent  into  France,   whereupon  king  Henry  feized 
the  Honour  of  Richmond  into  his  hands^   and  beftowed  the  lands 
of  it  upon  his  brother  Richard,  earl  of  Cornwall  j. 

In  1229  Peter  came  into  England,  and  made  a  new  agree- 
ment §  with  the  king,  and  had  the  county  of  Richmond  ||  reftored 
to  him,   at  which  the  French  king  being  difpleafed,   fummoned 

*  Rymer's  Fccdera,  T.  I.  p.  289.  f  Lobin.  I.  p.  221,  222. 

t  Diigd.  Bar.  T.  I.  p.  762.  §  Lobin.  T.  I.  p.  335. 

II  Rymer's  Feed.  T.  I.  p.  33:;.     An.  1229,  menfe  GAohris,  appHcuit  Comes  Britannia:  in  An-- 
gli-Am  apiid  Fortihiue,  et  I'erit  homaginm  de  Britannia;   R.  Henrico  III',  et  idem  Rex  reltituit  ci 
Comitatum  Richmondia:,  ct  idem  Conies  reverfns  in  Britanniaii),  graviffimr.m  guerram  movi  Regi  # 
Francis.     Regifl:.  de  Swafham,  penes  Petr.  Lc  Neve,  Arm.  Norray, 

Part  III.  [I   i]  him 


2-8      MR.    GALE'S    HISTORICAL    DISCOURSE 


'J 


him  to  appear  at  Melun,  and  upon  his  neglect  or  refufal  to  obey 
him,  declared  all  his  dominions  forfeited  that  he  poffefled  in 
Anjou,  befiegcd  his  tmvn  and  caftle  of  Belefme  that  he  had  given 
him,  in  the  depth  of  winter,  and  took  them  before  the  king  of 
England  eould  arrive  to  his  afliftance,  which  was  not  till'the  April 
following.  After  this,  he  was  pronounced  by  Lewis  to  have  for- 
feited his  duchy  of  Britany,  and  the  greateft  part  of  his  nobility- 
renounced  their  allegiance  tahim.  But  great  divifions  arifing  in 
the  French  army,  that  king  was  obliged  to  retire  out  of  Britany,, 
the  king  of  England  alfo  returned  home,  leaving  the  condudl  of 
his  affairs,  and  the  fuccours  fent  to  the  duke,  to  the  earl  of  Chef- 
ter,  who  furprized  the  ammunition  and  baggage  of  the  French 
army,  and  fo  brought  Lewis  to  accept  of  a  truce  for  three  years* 

No  fooner  was  it  concluded,  than  Peter  returned  into  England, 
where  he  was  looked  upon  as  the  king's  greateft  favourite  and 
fole  governor,  having  full  poffeflion  of  the  lands  given  him  be- 
longing to  the  Honour  of  Richmond,  as  he  had  the  title  of  earl^. 
thereof  fome  time  before*. 

The  truce  being  expired,  Lewis  IX.  attacked  the  duke  with  3 
mighty  army,  and  reduced  him  to  promife  that  he  would  fur- 
render  all  Britany  to  him,  with  all  his  forces,  except  the  king  of 
England  came  in  perfon  to  his  relief  before  All  Saints  day  ;   and, 
as  a  caution  for  the  due  performance  of  this. agreement,   received? 
from  him  immediately  three  of  his  firong  places  t.     Peter  here- 
upon comes  into  England  to  folicit  the  king's  afliftance,  but  meet- 
ing with  a  cool  reception,   was  obliged  to  return  and  fubmit  him-- 
felf  entirely  to  the  French  king,  who  fpoiled  feveral  of  his  towns- 
and  territories,  and  made  him  give  what  fatisfadtion  he  pleafed  to 
the  complaints  of  his  barons  againft  him,   and  in  the  year  1237, 
beftowed  his  duchy  upon  his  eideft  fon,   John,  who  then  came 
©f  age,  and  did  homage  for  it  at  Paris  ]:. 

*  Dagd,  Bar,  T.  I:  p.  49,..  ■}•  LoLin.  T.  I.  p.  832.  J  lb.  p.  237. 

Peter 


ON    THE    DUCAL    FAMILY    OF    RICHMOND.         239 

Peter  after  that  only  called  himfelf  Peter  de  Braine  Chevalier. 
He  was  fent  by  the  Pope  as  chief  of  the  Croifade  defigned  for  the 
Holy  Land  in  1239,  returning  in  two  years  time,  his  reftlefs 
difpofition  would  not  fuffer  him  to  enjoy  any'T-epofe ;  for  upon 
the  concluiion  of  a  peace  between  England  and  France  in  1243, 
for  five  years,  he  betook  himfelf  to  pirating  upon  the  feas,  till 
Lewis  IX,  made  him  come  in,  and  reftore  all  the  plunder  he  had 
taken  from  the  Engliili.  Engaging  himfelf  again  in  the  Croi- 
fade that  was  led  by  Lewis  into  Egypt,  he  was  wounded  and  taken 
prifoner  at  the  battle  of  Maflbura,  releafed  foon  after  with  that 
king,  and  dying  in  his  voyage  homewards,  was  interred  with  his 
anceftors  in  the  church  of  St.  Ived  at  Briane*. 

Our  heraldic  writers  have  not  only  devifed  coat  armour  for 
the  immediate  predeceffors  of  Peter  de  Dreux  in  the  duchy  of  Bri- 
tany  and  county  of  Richmond,  but  have  even  beftowed  it  upon 
the  firft  earls  of  the  latter,  fome  giving  to  Alan  Rufus  the  er- 
mines of  Britany,  others  the  chequered  fliield  of  Dreux  with  a 
canton  ermine,  which  was  the  bearing  of  this  Feter,  and  the  firft 
that  was  borne  by  any  earl  of  Richmond  t. 

The  abfurdity  of  allotting  arms  to  them  fo  early  is  very  grofs, 
fince  it  is  agreed  now  on  all  hands  that  the  ufe  of  armorial  bear- 
ings, as  diftindlions  of  families,  was  not  in  being  till  the  fecond 
Croifade,  which  was  begun  in  the  year  1147.  The  great  feals 
of  our  kings  fhew  no  arms  till  the  reign  of  Richard  the  firft,  S^i 
prinio  Leonem^  feu  potius  duos  Leones  ere5tos^  fefe  coram  afpicienteSy 
et  pofiea  ires  Leones  gradient es  geJIavitX. 

It  is  therefore  utterly  improbable,  that  fubje<5ls  fliould  take 
coats  of  arms  when  their  princes  did  not ;  fo  that  if  we  meet  with 
any  inllgnia  before  that  time,   they  are  only  to  be  regarded  as 

•  Lobin.  T.  I.  p.  247.  ijj,  \   See  Vincent  upon  Brook,  p.  57. 

X  Vide  Spelm.inni  Alpilogiam,  p.  45,  &;c. 

I  i   a  devices 


240         MR.    GALE'S    HISTORICAL    DISCOURSE 

devices  taken   by  the  bearers,  or   rather  fome    modern  fancies 
falfely  fatliered  upon  them. 

Neither  were  coats  of  arms  fixed  or  hereditary  in  families  im- 
mediately after  the  commencement  of  this  fafhion,  for  fometimes 
they  were  changed  by  the  fame  perfon,  as  we  fee  by  thofe  of 
Richard  the  firft,  and  fometimes  varied  by  their  defcendants,  as 
we  may  conclude  by  the  feals  of  the  Quincys,  earls  of  Winchelter; 
for  Roger  Quincy,  who  died  in  the  24th  of  Henry  III.  quitted 
the  arms  of  his  father,  according  to  the  cuft om  of  the  time  *, 
and  inftead  of  a  feffe  with  a  label  of  feven  points  in  chief,  bore 
Gules,  feven  Mafcles,  Or,  and  alterations  in  the  arms  of  the  earls 
of  Chefter  were  made  then  in  almoil:  every  defcent  ;  the  like  in- 
ftances  might  alfo  be  given  in  feveral  other  families  of  the  ancient 
nobility. 

Seals  began  to  be  common  about  the  end  of  the  twelfth  cen- 
tury ;   but  many  of  them,   even   at  that  time,   only  exhibit  the 
figure  of  a  knight  completely  armed,   without  any  device  upon 
his  lliield,   as  you  may  fee  by  that  of  Conan  IV.   and  Geffrey  the 
fon  of  king  Henry  III.   both  dukes  of  Britany  and  earls  of  Rich- 
mond t,  the  firfl  of  which  fucceeded  to  thefe  honours  A.  D.  1 1 7  i , 
and  the   other  ten  years  after,   in    right  of  his  wife  Conitance, 
daughter  of  the  former,   which  is  the  date  of  the  deed  to  which 
file  feal  is  annexed |.      There  is  indeed  in   the  Cotton  Library  a 
modern  delineation  of  fome  fragments  of  an  ancient  feal,   there 
laid  to  be  Stephani  Ducis  Britanniae,   reprefenting  a  knight  wath  a 
Ihield  and  coat  powdered  with  fleurs  de  lis§,   which  may  feem  to. 
contradidt  what  I  have  afTerted  againft  the  bearing  of  arms  by  any 
of  the  earls  of  Richmond  or  dukes  of  Britany  before  Peter  de 
Dreux;  but  as  it  is  not  faid  whence  this  feal  was  copied  ||,   nor 

*  SeeBilTa-i  notas  in  Afpilogiam  Spelmanni,  p.  105  ;   and  Camden's  Brit,  in  Hantfliire,  p.  122, 
edit.  Lend.   1695. 

t   See  N°  3,  4,  and  5,  of  the  Seals  following  the  Preface  to  Regiftrum  Hon,  de  Richmond. 

+  Lobin.  T.  II-  p.  315. 

§   Jul.  C.  VII.     Sec  alfo  N^  II.  among  the  Seals  before  Reg.  Hon.  Rich. 

W  Ibid.  Sell,  K^I.  JI.  &.C. 

3k  any- 


ON    THE    DUCAL    FAMILY    OF    RICHMOND.        241 

any  deed  to  which  it  was  pendant,  produced,  all  conclufions 
againft  what  I  have  faid  on  the  former  head  can  have  but  little 
weight,  and  granting  it  genviine,  it  rather  ^akes  for  us  tlrau 
againil  vis,  fince  none  of  his  predeceffors  or  fucceflbrs  are  ever 
depit5led  in  that  habit,  and  confequently  if  he  took  thofe  arms, 
they  were  borne  only  by  himfelf,  but  by  none  of  them. 

In  fliort,   not  one  of  thofe  dukes  or  earls  bore  coat  armour,   till 
Peter  de  Dreux  brought  the  arms   of  his  family  with  him  into 
Britany,   which   were    Checque,   Argent,   and  Azure,   to    which 
he  added  a  Canton  Ermine,   to  diftinguifh  them  from  the  arms  of 
his  elder  brother,   as  appears  by  a  feal  of  his  to  a  deed  dated  i  2  1 3, 
before   he  was  adtually   married  to   the  heirefs  of  Britany,   and 
whereon  he  only  ftyles  himfelf  "  Filius  Roberti  Comitis  de  Dreux 
*'^  et  de  Braine*."      They  mutl  therefore  be  very  mvich  miftaken, 
who  fancy  that  he  quartered  the  arms  of  Britany  in  a  canton  er- 
mine,  upon  his  marriage  with  the  duchefs,   lince  he  had  taken 
that  dirtin<5tion  before,   and  the  ermine  was  never  borne  by  itfelf 
by  any  of  the  dukes  of  Britany,   till  the  time  of  his  great  grand- 
fbn  John  the  third,   as   Ihall  be  obferved  when   I  come  to  him. 
In  the  Regiller  of  the  Honour  of  Richmond,   you  may  fee  a  feal 
of  this  Peter's,   and  another  of  his  duchefs,   aad  thereby  that  Ihe 
gave  no  other  arms  than  thofe  of  her  hufbandt. 

From  what  has  been  faid,  it  is  evident,  that  all  the  coat  ar- 
mours in  the  frontifpiece  of  the  Honour  of  Richmond  are  ima- 
ginary, if  appropriated  to  any  perfon  living  w  hen  the  grant  of 
that  honour  was  made  to  earl  Alan  by  William  the  firft.  Thofe 
that  are  borne  there  by  the  king's  attendants  belong  indeed  to  the 
progeny  of  forae  of  the  greateft  men  that  came  m  ith  him  into 
England,  as  the  earls  of  Warren  and  Albemarle,  Lacy  earl  of 
Lincoln,  and  Newburgh  earl  of  Warwick,  8ic.  as  do  thofe  at 
the  top  of  the  firft  page  of  that  book  to  the  pofterity  of  thofe, 

*  Lobin.  T.  I.  p.  197,  t  See  Seals,  K^  VI.  VH. 

which 


24i         MR.    GALE'S    HISTORICAL    DISCOURSE 

which  earl  Alan  had  made  partakers  of  the  king's  munificence 
to  him,  or  thole  that  claimed  eftates  under  them,  all  whofe 
names  are  found  i^^that  regifter,  as  holding  lands  under  the  earls 
of  Richmond. 

It  is  now  time  to  return  to  John  the  Firft,  who,  upon  his  fa- 
ther's refignation  or  deprivation,  in  1237,  as  was  faid  before, 
became  duke  of  Britany,  and  ilyled  himfelf  *  likewife  "  Comes 
RichmondiiE,"  though  it  is  highly  probable  the  eftate  and  lands  be- 
longing to  it  were  feized  upon  by  the  king  of  England,  when 
Peter  made  his  laft  fubmiliion  to  the  king  of  France,  for  though 
w^e  have  no  exprefs  account  of  it,  yet  as  the  young  duke  had 
done  homage  to  the  crown  of  France,  and  was  intirely  in  that 
intereft,  it  is  not  be  imagined  that  he  was  permitted  to  enjoy  his 
Englifli  territories,  which  he  confirmed  by  their  being  beftowed 
in  1 241,  upon  Peter  of  Savoy,  uncle  to  the  queen  of  England, 
and  a  great  favourite  of  the  king's  i.  And  when  the  duke  of 
Britany  demanded  reftitution  thereof  in  1 243,  all  the  anfwer  he 
could  get  was,  that  he  fliould  fhew  what  advantage  fuch  reftitu- 
tion w^ould  be  to  the  realm  of  England  X  ?  Upon  a  treaty  two 
years  after,  for  the  recovery  of  this  county  to  him,  he  could  only 
procure  a  grant  of  2000  marks  per  annum  in  lieu  of  it  ||,  either 
becaufe  the  king  would  not  take  it  away  from  Peter  de  Savoye, 
or  that  he  was  refolved  to  obferve  the  regulation  he  made  a  little 
before,  of  confifcating  all  the  lands  held  in  England  by  the 
French,  Normans,  and  Bretons,  in  confequence  of  an  edicfk  of 
the  fame  nature  made  by  Lewis  the  Ninth,  by  which,  fuch  of 
his  fubjeds  as  were  owners  of  lands  in  France,  Normandy,  or 
Britany,  were  obliged,  if  they  had  any  in  England,  to  quit  the  one 
or  the  other  §. 

*  Lobin.  T.  II.  p.  33;.  i   =5  Hen.  HI.  Dugd.  Bar.  T.I.  p.  49.  J  Lobin.  T.  I.  p.  247- 

'I  See  Append.  Rig.  Hun.  Rich.  X"  xxxvir.  §  Lobin.  T.  I.  p.  247. 

Be 


ON   THE   DUCAL   FAMILY   OF   RICHMOND. 


243 


Be  that  as  it  will,   Peter   of  Savoy  held  the  honour  of  Rich- 
mond*,  the  honour  of  the  eagle  in  Suflex,   and  a  great  many 
eftates  in  ElTex  and  elfewhere  in  England,   for  feveral  years  after; 
and  among  other  favours,   had  the  manor  of^ldborough,   Rich- 
mondfliire,  bought  in  for  him  by  the  king  t.      This  manor  had 
been  held  of  that  honour  by  a  family  which  had  been  conflables 
thereof  ever  fmce  the  grant  to  Alan  Rufus  p,  for  we  find  that 
"  Alanus  filius  Alani  fil.  Roaldi,"  that  fold  it,    held  thofe  lands 
which  were  given  him  by  earl  Alan  to  Emfant  Mufard  in  Doomf- 
day  bookjl,   and  therefore  was,   in  all    probability,   a  defcendant 
from  him,   and  Emfant   the   firrt  conftable.      But  that  Peter  of 
Savoy  never  took  the  title  of  "Comes  Richmondiae,"  though  Dug- 
dale  fays  he  did  in  the  fiftieth  year  of  Henry  the  Third,  is  plain 
from  the  very  deed  he  quotes  for  his  allegation  §,   where  no  fucli 
title  appears,   as  it  is  from  all  others  relating  to  him  any  where 
extant,   as  alfo  from  his  coins  ■•^■••••,.  and  his  lafi:  will  and  teftament, 
dated  in  the  fifty-third  of  Henry  the  Third,,  wherein  he  only  calls 
himfelf  "  Petrus  Comes  Sabaudiae,"  though  he  makes  the  follow- 
ing bequefts   to  his  niece,  the  queen  of  England,  and  had  he 
been  then  earl  of  Richmond,  could  not  well  have  avoided  naming 
himfelf  fo  tt ;    "  Item  cariflimae  D'nce  noftras  Alienorae  Reginie 
"  Anglice  damns  et   legamus    Comitatum  Richmondienfem,  ita 
"  tamen  quod  ipfa  folvat  et  fatisfaciet  integraliter  de  omnibus  de- 
*'  bitis  quibus  tenemur  Mameto  Spinx  et  ejus  fociis,.  civibus  et 
*'  mercatoribus  Florentinis.      In  Anglia  vero  facimus  Executores 
**  noftros  carilhmam  D.  nofiram  illulhxm  Reginam  Anglian,  et 
*'  D'nm  Richardum  de  Charron  miiitem  per  ordinationem  hujuf- 
*'  modi  exequendara." 

*  Append.  Hon.   Rich.  N°  viii.  and  l.  -f-  Diigd.  Bar.  T,  I.  p.  49.  t  Append.  Reg. 

Hon.   Rich.  N"  xxxviii.  xxxix.  |1  See  Doomlday  book,  and  Kirby's  Inqiieft  in  the  Regil>. 

Hon.  Rich.  p.  37.  §  Dugd.  Baron,  T.  1.    p.  50.  and  N9  ixi,  in  Append,  to  RejjiiV. 

**  Guichenon's  Hifieirc  dc  la  maifon  de  Savoye,  T.  p.  141.  and  545.. 

To 


244-         ^IR-    GALE'S    HISTORICAL     DISCOURSE 

To  this  will  are  we  beholden  for  the  exa6t  and  moft  accurate* 
inquifition  of  this  honour,  begun  in  the  eighth  year  of  Edward 
the  Firft,  A.  D.  13 16,  which  gives  us  a  more  particular  account 
of  its  extent  and  v»lue  than  any  where  elfe  is  to  be  found  ;  and 
it  is  the  more  to  be  efteemed,  becaufe  it  is  not  confined  to  that  part 
of  it  only  in  Yorkfliire,  but  comprehends  whatever  belonged  to 
it  in  the  whole  kingdom  of  England  t. 

In  the  year  1259,  a  treaty  was  fet  on  foot  for  a  marriage  be- 
tween John  eldeft  fon  of  the  duke  of  Britany,  and  Beatrix  daugh- 
ter of  king  Henry  the  Third,  in  which  the  duke  very  much 
preifed  the  reftitution  of  the  county  of  Richmond,  but  the  king 
would  do  nothing  in  it  without  the  confent  of  Peter  of  Savoy  J; 
at  laft  it  was  agreed,  that  the  king  fliould  allow^  his  fon  in  law 
1200^.  fterling,  and  give  him  a  free  gift  of  200  marks  more 
per  annum  for  the  value  of  it  \\.  Soon  after  it  was  granted  to 
the  executors  of  Peter  for  the  term  of  feven  years  after  his  death  §, 
as  alfo  a  power  to  him  of  bequeathing  it  to  whom  he  thought 
fit  at  his  death,  the  duke  of  Britany  having  renounced  all  claim 
to  it  for  himfelf  and  his  heirs  in  perpetuum  ■-••-•■",  in  conlideration 
of  the  territory  of  Agenois  made  over  to  him  in  Ueu  thereof,  or 
an  equivalent  in  money  t-f. 

The  duke,  however,  being  uneafy  that  the  honor  of  Rich- 
mond, which  had  been  fo  long  in  his  family,  fliould  be  alienated 
from  it,  and  which  he  expected  fliould  have  been  given  him 
again  upon  thefe  nuptials,  importuned  the  king  fo  much,  that 
at  laft  he  obtained  his  defires,  the  honour  and  rape  of  Haftings 
in  Suflex  being  given  to  Peter  in  exchange  for  it||,  and  the  county 
of  Agenois  returned  to  the  king  by  the  duke  of  Britany  ||||,  fo 
that  by  feveral  write,   bearing  date   in   May    and   June,    1266, 

*  Append.  Regift.  Hon.  dc  Rich.  N"  viii.  \  K°  xi.in,  xliv.  i  N"?  xi,v,  xlvi. 

II  N«  XLvni.  §  N'=  xLix,  **  N°  I..  ft  ^?  '■!•  $+  ^"  i-'-^-  ^^-  J-^'* 

II  j  N^LXIII. 

Guichard 


ON     THE    DUCAL     FAMILY     OF     RICHMOND.        245 

Ouichard  de  Charron,  who  had  the  cuflody  of  the  county  of 
Richmond,  with  the  caftle  and  honour  thereof,  was  commanded 
to  deUver  up  the  firrt  and  the  laft  to  Ralph  de  Morteyn  for  the  ufe 
of  the  duke,  though  the  caftle  was  detained  till  the  20th  of  June, 
1268*,  the  duke  not  having  done  his  homage  till  about  that 
time.  To  fatisfy  the  queen  for  what  pretenfions  Ihe  might  have  ' 
upon  them,  by  virtue  of  her  uncle's  teftament,  the  1200  marks 
paid  by  the  French  king  to  the  duke  of  Britany,  by  agreement 
with  the  king  of  England,  were  afligned  to  her  for  life  t,  and 
ibon  after  800  marks  more  were  fettled  u^Jon  her,  payable  out  of 
feveral  of  the  king's  manors  |. 

-  Having  thus  regained  the  honour  of  Richmond,  he  imme- 
diately created  his  eldeft  fon,  John,  earl  thereof  ||;  and  hence  it 
is  that  the  "  genealogia  Comitum  Richmondiae"  before  the  Re- 
giftrum  tells  us,  that  John  the  firft  "  nunquam  fuit  Comes 
Richmondiae."  It  was  alfo  John  the  fon,  and  not  the  father,  as 
Dugdale  has  miftaken  them  §,  that  obtained  licence  of  going  into 
the  Holy  Land,  and  of  borrowing  2000  marks  upon  fome  of 
his  lands  in  Richmondlliire,  towards  defraying  his  expences  in 
that  voyage,  as  Dugdale  might  have  {een  by  the  deed  itfelf, 
wherein  the  king  names  him  "  Johannes  de  Britannia  (not  Dux 
Britanniae)  et  dile61:us  filius  nofter  -*. 

We  cannot  but  obferve  here  the  ftrange  miftakes  and  confu- 
(ion  introduced  by  that  eminent  antiquary  into  his  account  of 
this  family  ft;  for  he  not  only  blends  and  jumbles  the  two  firft 
Johns,  dukes  of  Britany  fucceffively,  into  one  and  the  fame  perfon, 
attributing  feveral  paffages  of  the  fon's  life  to  the  father,  among 
others,  even  marrying  him  to  Beatrix,  his  fon's  wife,  but  at  lall 
he  entirely  drops  the  fon,  though  he  was  no  lefs  than  eight  years 
duke  of  Britany,  after  John  the  firft's  death  ;   and  makes  Arthur 

*N^64.  +NO66.  }N°67.  II  Lobineau,  T.  I.  p.  :6o.  §  Baron.  T.  I.  p..  51. 

**  Append. .Reg.  N"^  65.  -j  t   Baron.  T.  I.  p.  51 . 

[K  k]  (who 


24.6         MR.     GALE'3     HISTORICAL     DISCOURSE 

(who  was  John  the  Second's  Ton),  eldeft  fon  and  heir  to  John 
the  Firft  ;  and,  not  content  with  this,  he  lays  feveral  tranfactions 
Ijelonging  to  duke  John  the  fecond  to  his  fecond  fon,  cahed 
alfo  John,  who  was  never  duke  of  Britany,  only  earl  of  Rich- 
mond ;  for  a  more  diftinil  view  of  which,  you  may  confult  the 
genealogical  tahle  printed  before  the  Regiftrum  Honoris  de  Rich- 
mond, wherein  theirs  and  feveral  other  defcents  are  fet  in  a  truer 
light  than  was  before  performed. 

As  for  John  the  Firft,  after  the  reftitution  of  Richmond  to  his 
family,  he  was  a  liberal  benefactor  to  the  abbey  of  Jorvaulx  in 
that  county -'-,  and  dying  the  eighth  of  October  13  Edward  I. 
A.  D.  1286,  was  fucceeded  as  duke  of  Britany  by  his  fon  John, 
earl  of  Richmond,  who  had  confirmed  to  the  burgelfes  of  Rich- 
mond in  1268,  as  foon  as  he  was  in  poiTeflion  of  the  honour,  all 
their  markets,  fairs,  tolls,  and  other  privileges,  being  then  at 
Jorvaulx  abbey -j-,  and  in  the  year  1275,  covenanted  with  the 
canons  of  Ea;alefton  to  find  fix  of"  their  number  to  celebrate  divine 
fervice  for  ever  in  his  caftle  of  Richmond,  as  is  evident  from  the 
deed  itfelf  I,  wherein  he  is  only  ftyled  "  Johannes  de  Brit.  Com. 
Richmondi'ce  Filius  Ducis  Britannix,"  though  this  agreement  is 
by  Dugdale  attributed  to  the  father  \\,  and  the  abbey  of  Egglef- 
ton  placed  by  him  in  the  biflioprick  of  Durham  inllead  of  the 
county  of  Richmond  §.  In  1279,  he  obtained  licence  to  hold 
a  fair  for  four  days,  at  Holyrood-tide  at  Richmond  ^%  and  de- 
figning  a  voyage  to  Jerufalera,  procured  himfelf  to  be  excufed 
for  five  years  from  attending  the  king  pcrfonally  in  his  wars,  as 
he  was  obliged  to  do  by  the  tenure  of  his  county  of  Richmond  H. 
It  is  probable  that  he  went  upon  an  expedition,  though  neither 
Lobineau,  nor  any  other  hillorian,  mentions  it ;  lince  the  queen 

*  Mon.  Ang,  T.  I.  p.  SSo.  f  Append.  Regift.  N'*  cxxi  and  clxv.  {  Regif!.  p.  95-. 

II  Baron,  p.  51.  §  Baron,  p.  51.  and  Mon,  Angl,  T.  11.  p.  196.  ^**  Append.  Reg.  N"  69. 

-t  J  Append,  Reg.  N°  71. 

dowager 


ON    THE    DUCAL    FAMILY    OF    RICHMOND.      247 

dowager  u fed  her  interceffioii  with  the  king  in  1281,  two  years 
after  the  obtaining  that  licence,  that  Nicholas  Stapihon  miglit 
take  care  of  his  affairs  in  England  during  his  abfcace  in  a  ftrange 
country  ••'••. 

In  the  year  1287,  he  confirmed  the  foundation  of  a  chantry 
at  Houghton  in   Norfolk,   eredled  a  little  while  before  by  Mary 
de  Neville,   widow  of  Robert,   lord   of  Middleham,   being  then 
duke  of  Britany  t.      Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  in  1294, 
between  Edward  the  Firlt  and  Philip  the  Fair  of  France,  he  took 
part  with  the  king  of  England,   and  was  general   of  his  forces, 
till    in  1296   he  fell  off  to  Philip,   who  created   him  a  peer  of 
France.      Upon  this  defeiStion,   his  county  of  Richmond  ieems  to 
have  been  feized  into  the  king's  hands,   and  not  to  have  been 
reftored  to  him  till  the  peace  was   concluded  between  the     .0 
kings  Xf   a  little  before  his  death,   which  furprifed  him  Nove.iA 
ber  the  14th  1 334,  by  the  fall  of  an  old  wall  at  Lyons  ||,   loaded 
with  a  greater  number  of  fpeftators  than  it  could  bear,   at   the 
coronation  of  pope  Clement  V.  whofe  horfe  he  had  the  honour 
and  misfortune  to  lead  by  the  bridle  at  that  ceremony  §.      He  was 
of  a  generous  and  hberal  temper,  a  benign  prince  to  his  Englifii 
tenants,   as  well  as  to  his  fubjefts  in  Britany,  remembering  the 
religious  and  poor  among  the  former,   as  well   as   the   latter  in 
his   lall:  will  and  tcftament  ■-'■■■•-•■ ;   and  was  particularly  a  great  be- 
nefaflor  to  the  Francifcan  or  Grey  Friars  at  London,  where  his 
duchefs,  daughter  to  Henry  III.  who  deceafed  at  the  beginning 
of  the  year  1275  tt,   was  interred  J;};. 

In  the  dukedom  of  Britany  he  was  fucceeded  by  his  deleft  fon, 
Arthur,  who,  as  the  "  Genealogia  Com  Riclim."  rightly  ob- 
ferves,  was  never  earl   of  Richmond,    for    he    prefentted    this 

«  Append.  X°  72.  f  Append.  N<^  75.  +  Append.  N9  S3.  1|  Append.  N°  fiy. 

§  Lobincaii,  T.  1.  p.  :oi.  "'*  Append.  Reg.  N"  8;.        tf  He  was  not  then  dukeot  Britunv. 

i:  \adit.  R-.ij.  x°.  14.. 

R  k   2  county 


248         MR.     GALE'S     HISTORICAL     DISCOURSE 

county  to  his  brother  John*,  and  it  was  conferred  like  wife  upon 
him  by  Edward  the  Firft,  and  all  the  lands  in  England  that  had 
come  into  that  king's  hands  by  the  death  of  the  late  duke  t,  but 
the  charter  takes  no  notice  of  Arthur's  donation.  Edward  the 
Second  releafed  to  him  all  his  father's  goods  and  chattels  that  had 
been  diftrained  for  the  debts  due  fi'om  him  to  the  crow-n]:,  and 
commanded  all  his  tenants,  as  the  king  his  father  had  done,  to 
pay  him  homage,  and  do  him  their  accuftomed  fervices|l,  gTant- 
inc  him  belides  feveral  markets  and  fairs  in  his  towns  and  manors. 

Edward  the  Firil:,  in  the  33d  year  of  his  reign,  A.  D.  1305, 
before  he  gave  him  the  county  of  Richmond,  had  eonftituted  him 
his  lieutenant  and  cuftos  of  the  kingdom  of  Scotland,  for  in  that 
patent  he  only  calls  him  Dileciu7n  Nepote?fi,  et  fidelem  nojlrum  Jo- 
banne7n  de  Britannia  juniorem^^  but  in  the  enfuing  year  he  was 
ibmmoncd  to  the  parliament  held  at  Garlille  by  the  name  of  Jc-- 
hannes  de  Brit.  Conies  RichmondicE'^^' . 

In  the  firft  of  Edward  il,  A.  D.  1307,  he  was  again  appointed 
lieutenant  and  cuftos  of  Scotland,  and  this  perhaps  with  the  Itout 
refiftance  he  made  when  he  was  furprized  by  Robert  Bruce  at 
Biland  abbey,  whereby  he  gave  the  king  an  opportunity  to  make 
his  efcape,  was  the  reafon  that  Bruce  determined  never  to  give 
him  his  liberty  again.  He  was  mollilied  at  laft,  as  it  feems,  by 
the  interpofition  of  the  Pope,  who  concerned  himfelf  in  that 
affair  •f-f',  or  rather  by  a  great  fum  of  money,  towards  the  difcharge 
whereof  the  king  defired  the  afliflance  of  parliament  in  the  17th 
year  of  his  reign,  but  not  obtaining  it,  had  recourfe  for  it,  by 
hii  letters  hortatory,  to  the  earl's  tenants  4;;!;,  fo  that  after  about  two 
years  imprifonment  he  was  enlarged  again. 

This  misfortune  at  Biland  abbey  befell  him  in  the  latter  end  of 
the  year  i3-2  2||l|,   though  Walfingham  places  it  in  1319.      The 

•^  l.obin  T.I.  p  39.  t  Append.  Reg.  N"  xciv.  J  Ib.N^xcv.  1|  lb.  xcvi.  xcviir. 
\  Append.  Reg.  N"  Lxxxiv.  **  Clauf.  34.  Edw.  1.  in  dorfo.  m.  3.  c.  \%  Append.  Reg.  No  ex. 
Xi   Walfingh.fiib  an.  1324.  Append.  Reg.  >i,°  cxiii.,  ||||  ForduniScotiChron.  ad  ann.  1322, 

Them,  dc  la  Moor. 

March 


ON     THE     DUCAL     FAMILY     OF     RICHMOND.         249 

March  preceding,  the  king  had  rewarded  his  good  fervices  with 
the  gift  of  ieveral  lands  in  the  hiflioprick  of  Durham,  Yoiklhirc, 
and  Lincohifliire,  forfeited  l)y  the  treafons  and  rebelhons  of  Roj^er 
dc  Chfford,  John  de  Mouhray,  and  Roger  Damory*.  Towards 
his  redemption,  he  gave  himj  in  the  time  of  his  captivity,  the 
curtody  of  all  the  lands  of  John  Northwood,  then  in  his  hands, 
the  heir  of  thefaid  John  Northwood  being  a  minor,  and  in  ward 
to  the  kingt.  But  this  was  not  the  only  time  he  was  taken 
prifoner  by  the  Scots,  the  fame  calamity  had  fallen  upon  him 
before  at  the  fatal  battle  of  Bannockburne  in  1214;  and  of  fo 
great  a  reputation  was  he  then,  that  the  queen  of  Scotland  and 
bifliop  of  Glafgow  were  exchanged  againil  him  |. 

We  hear  no  more  of  him  after  his  fecond  redemption  from  Ins 
captivity  till  1325,  when  he  was  embaffador  at  Paris  from  Eng- 
land, to  which  he  Teems  to  have  had  no  great  inclination  of  re- 
turning ;  either  that  he  thought  himfelf  neglevfled  by  the  king  in 
his  iraprifonment,  the  letter  from  the  Pope  to  the  king  giving 
ftrong  grounds  of  fufpicion  that  he  had  taken  little  care  to  relieve 
him  when  that  was  wrote,  or  that  he  had  conceived  a  difpleafure 
of  the  ill  government  there,  and  gone  into  the  party  of  the  queen 
and  prince  of  Wales,  with  whom  he  had  contraded  to  exchange 
his  county  of  Richmond  for  the  annual  fum  of  10,000  livres 
Tournois,  to  be  fecured  to  him  upon  the  revenues  of  the  city  of 
Bourdeaux,  and  other  places  in  Aquitaine,  till  he  fliould  have 
lands  alhgned  him  of  that  value  in  France  || ;  but  this  agreement 
never  took  place. 

This  his  unwillingnefs  to  return  into  England  is  evident 
from  a  writ  to  the  Iheriff  of  Suffex  to  attach  him  for  his  difobe- 
dience  in  not  attending  the  king,  as  he  had  commanded  him§; 
he  feized  alfo  his  county  of  Richmond,  and  gave  the  fame  reaibns 
to  the  pope  for  his  depriving  him  of  it,   when  he  interceded  for 

*  Append.  Reg  N°  cv.  f  lb.  cxir.  +  Fordiini  ScotiChion.  an.  1314.  Append.  Reg., 

N'i'cxii.  II  Append.  Reg.  ISJ«  CXI V.         4  lb.  N«' oxr. 

him., 


450  MR.     GALE'S    HISTORICAL    DISCOURSE 

him*.  From  all  which  it  is  apparent,  how  groundlefs  a  calum- 
ny it  was,  that  about  this  time,  by  the  king's  procurement,  he 
was  to  have  murdered  the  queen  and  prince -j- ;  if  he  was  fubje6l 
to  any  blame,  it  was  for  being  too  much  in  their  intereft  againft 
the  king.  We  are  told  by  Sir  William  Dugdale+,  that  he  ob- 
tained a  licence  in  the  firft  year  of  Edward  111.  to  grant  the  earl- 
dom of  Richmond  to  his  brother  Arthur,  duke  of  Britany,  which 
is  a  mofl  notorious  blunder,  fince  the  deed  §  itfelf  bears  date  in 
the  4th  of  Edw^ard  II.   and  Arthur  died  the  year  following. 

But  to  return,  the  earl  indeed  feems  to  have  been  reilored  to  the 
enjoyment  of  his  Honour  of  Richmond  by  Edward  II.  but  it  was 
Dot  till  the  power  of  denying  it  to  him  any  longer  was  taken  out  of 
that  king's  hands,  and  his  great  feal  lodged  in  the  hands  of  the  earl's 
friends,  the  queen  and  the  prince  ||,  who  had  made  the  unfortunate 
king  refign  it  to  them  fome  few  days  before  the  firft  of  the  writs  for 
the  reftitution  of  that  honour  to  the  earl,  dated  December  25 '••'•^ 
There  is  a  fecond  writ  for  the  fame  purpofe  on  the  i  2th  of  Janu- 
ary following -j-i?  fo  that  the  election  of  the  prince  to  the  throne  on 
the  2otliof  the  fame  was  not  a  month  after  the  firft  of  thole 
writs,  and  but  eight  days  before  the  fecond  :  it  is  undeniable, 
therefore,  from  whom  the  earl  obtained  this  favour,  though  he 
was  not  in  full  poiTeffion  of  it  till  two  years  after  ]:|:.  From  that 
time  he  enjoyed  it  quietly,  till  in  the  feventh  of  Edward  HI.  (not 
the  fifth,  as  Dugdale  fays§§),  he  procured  leave  to  part  with  it 
to  his  niece,  the  counteis  of  Pembroke,  for  1800I.  fteihng,  to 
be  paid  him  annually  by  her  for  his  life,  referving  however  to 
himfelf  the  title  of  earl,  as  alio  all  the  woods  and  patronages  of 
liis  churches  and  religious  houfes||||.  He  retired  foon  after  into 
Britany,  died  there  January  17,  and  was  buried  in  the  Cordeliers 
church  at  Nantz. 

'  Append.  Rev,  N°  cxiv.  f  W.ilinig..  Hi.l.  fub  nn.  1325.  t  D'lgd.Bar.  T.  I.  p.  :,2. 

§   Append.  Keg-  N°  xcsx.     i|  T)  rj-c'i's  Hill.  Eiig.  v.  III.  p.  1,11.      **  Append.  Reg.  N"  cxi.n;. 
ft  Ibid.  N°  ci^-u.  It  Ibid.  N°  cxix.  §"§  Dv.gd.  Eai\.ii.  T.  1  p.  52—133, 

).'il  Aj)pend,  Reg.  N''  cxxviii- 

John 


ON    THE    DUCAL     FAMILY    OF     RICILMON^D.         251 

John  the  Third,  fon  of  his  elder  brother,  duke  Arthur,  then 
duke  ot  Britany,  having  done  homage  to  the  king,  was  adnuttcd 
the  fourth  of  January  following  into  the  poffeffion  of  the  county 
Of  Richmond,  and  all  tl^e  revenues  belonging  to  it*".  Lobineau 
tells  us,  from  Froillard  t,  th:Lt  the  king  took  it  from  him 
again,  as  from  one  intircly  in  the  French  intcrcil:,  to  befrow  it 
upon  Robert  c^rl  of  Artois,  v/ho  had  retired  into  England,  and 
faggejied  to  Edward  the  ^fhird  his  right  to  the  crown  of  France, 
preferable  to  that  of  Philip  de  V'aK;is  X.  AH  this  however  is 
much  to  be  (]uefti(_)ued,  iince  there  is  no  record  of  any  fuch 
deprivation  or  donation  in  the  Tower  of  London,  and  lince  it  is 
plain  that  duke  John  was  in  the  poirelTion  of  the  honour  of  Rich- 
mond, not  only  in  the  year  1338  ||,  when  the  king  began  the 
war  with  France,  but  that  he  rtyled  himfelf  "  Comes  Rich- 
iTQundisE,"  1339  §,  and  enjoyed  it  with  all  its  revenues  at  his  death, 
onthelaft  of  April,  1341  •'■•*.  So  that  it  is  probable,  he  held  it 
without  any  interruption  as  long  as  he  lived. 

It  was  tliis  duke  that  quitted  the  arms  of  Dreux  in  the  year 
I  31  8,  and  took  the  ermine  alone  for  the  future,  which  he  and 
his  predeceflbrs  bore  only  in  a  canton  before  that  time,  as  Lobi- 
neau affirms  tt,  though  in  the  draught  he  gives  us  of  his  grand- 
father John  the  Second's  monument  in  the  Carmelite's  church  at 
Ploermel,  the  whole  fliield  there  feems  to  be  ermine,  without 
the  leaft  fign  of  the  chequers,  of  which  the  arms  of  Dreux  was 
compoled+l;  but,  as  he  appeals  to  the  undeniable  authority  of 
the  ducal  feals  ||||;  and,  as  this  tomb  might  not  be  ereiled  till  the 
time  of  John  the  Third,  or  may  have  been  fince  unlkilfuUy 
beautified  or  repaired,  it  will  be  hard  to  contradiif  him. 

*  Append.  N°  cxxrx.  cxxx.   cxxxr.  -f  Froiflard,  V.  I.  cnp.  xxvir.  J  Lobin.  T.  I. 

p.  308.  II  Append.  Reg.  N"  cxxxiv.  §  Lobiii.  T.  II.  p.  374  and  479.  **  Append.  Reg. 

K°  cxxxv.         -j-f  Lobin.  T.  I,  p.  3C2,         JJ  Ibid,  p.  291.         |i||  See  Seal,  N?  x.  in  Reg. 

This 


■2^2 


MR.     GALE'S    HISTORICAL     DISCOURSE 


This  duke  dying  without  iffue,  John  earl  of  Montfort,  fon 
to  Arthur  duke  of  Britany,  by  his  fccond  wife  Joland,  countefs 
of  Montfort,  widow  of  Alexander  the  Third,  king  of  Scotland, 
and  conJequently  his  half  brother,  claimed  both  Britany  and 
Richmond,  as  the  next  in  blood*:  However,  Charles  of  Blois, 
who  had  married  Joan,  daughter  of  Guy  earl  of  Penthievre,  fe- 
cond  fon  to  Arthur,  by  Alice  de  Limoges  his  firft  wife,  and 
brother  by  the  whole  blood  to  the  laft  duke,  difputed  the  pre- 
tenfions  of  the  earl  of  Montfort,  and  the  conteft  being  referred 
to  the  arbitration  of  the  French  king,  was  decided  in  favour  of 
Charles,  and  the  duchy  of  Britany  adjudged  to  him.  John  had 
better  fnccefs  in  England,  where  he  obtained  the  county  and 
honour  of  Richmond  from  Edward  the  Third,  to  be  holden  by 
him  till  he  fliould  recover  his  county  of  Montfort,  of  which  the 
French  king  had  difpofieffed  him  for  his  adherence  to  the  king 
of  England  j-.  It  feems  iieverthelefs,  that  the  king  had  a  long- 
ing mind  to  the  honour  of  Richmond  himfelf ;  for  foon  after  I 
find  an  agreement  between  him  and  this  John  earl  of  Montfort, 
dated  February  the  20th  1341,  the  former  being  but  of  the 
24th  of  September  preceding,  whereby  it  was  ftipulated,  that  he 
ihould  hold  Richmond  only  till  the  king  could  provide  him  with 
lands  of  an  equal  value  in  France|. 

John  had  the  misfortune  to  be  taken  prifoner  the  fame  year  in 
Nantes,  which  he  was  obliged  to  furrender,  with  himfelf,  to  the 
French ;  and  whether  it  w-as  that  Edward  defpaired  of  fetting 
him  at  liberty,  or  thought  it  not  worth  while  to  fupport  his 
quarrel  after  this  unlucky  blow,  he  bellowed  the  county  of  Rich- 
mond ujwn  his  fourth  fon,  John  of  Gaunt,  then  not  three  years 
old,  and  declared  him  earl  thereof  "  per  cindturam  gladii,"  the 
2oth  of  September,  in  the  16th  year  of  his  reign  i|,  1342; 
fo  that  this  earl  of  Montfort  had  very  little  fruition  of  his  eil:ate 


•  As  alfo  by  his  laft  will  and  fcllai^ienf,  I.obin,   p.  311. 
J  Ibid.  N"  cxxxvii,         II  /Vpper.d.  Reg.  N^  cxxxv  1 11, 


•}  Append.  Reg.  >.'''  cxxxvi. 

and 


ON     THE     DUCAL     FAMILY    OF     RICHMOND.         253 

and  dignity.  He  died  in  1345,  leaving  Edward  IIL  guardian 
to  his  infant  fon,  having  a  little  before  his  death  efcapcd  from 
his  keepers  in  the  habit  of  a  merchant,  that  \yas  brought  in  to 
him  by  fome  beggars*;  after  which  he  was  in  England,  pro- 
cured fome  affiftance  there,  returned  into  Britany,  and  befieged 
Quimper  without  fuccefs  ;  though  Sir  William  Dugdale  f  makes 
him  a  prifoner  at  Paris  in  the  48th  of  Edward  the  Third,  which 
was  in  the  year  1374,  and  to  die  foon  after;  attributing  to  him 
in  the  mean  time  feveral  tranfa6tions  that  belong  to  his  fon. 

In  the  lyth  of  his  reign,  king  Edward  confirmed  his  former 
grant  to  his  fon  John  of  Gaunt,  and  not  content  with  that,  in  the 
34th  had  it  confirmed  to  him  once  more  by  parliament  |,  and 
procured  a  releafe  of  all  claim  to  it  from  John  IV.  duke  of  Bri- 
tany II,  having  made  it  one  of  the  conditions  of  peace  concluded 
between  him  and  the  French  king  at  Bretigny  a  little  before, 
that  the  duke  fliould  be  reflored  to  the  poireffion  of  the  county  of 
Montfort,  and  all  his  inheritance  in  the  duchy  of  Britany ;  in 
confideration  whereof,  it  is  probable,  he  gave  up  his  pretenfions 
to  the  county  of  Richmond,  according  to  the  agreement  made 
with  his  father  §. 

The  kings  of  England  and  France  not  being  able  to  put  an 
end  to  the  great  conteft  for  the  duchy  of  Britany  between  John 
the  Fourth  and  Charles  of  Blois,  it  was  at  iaft  decided  by  a  bloody 
battle  at  Auray,  wherein  Charles  loft  his  life  upon  the  fpot. 
The  French  king,  fearmg  John  fhould  do  homage  for  the  duchy 
of  Britany  to  the  king  of  England,  by  whofe  affiftance  he  had 
recovered  it  ■•-••■,  propofed  a  treaty,  which  the  duke,  with  the 
confent  of  the  king  of  England  accepted,  and  which  terminated 
in  putting  him  into  full  pofleffion  of  the  duchy,  and  the  French 
king  acknowledging  him  duke  thereof  tt. 


*  Append,  Reg.  cxxxviii. 

tLo'oin»T.  I.  p,  337. 

X  Dugd.  Bar.  T.  p.  $:. 

II  Append.  Reg.  N'  cxxxix. 

§  Ibid.  N°  cxL. 

**  Append.  Reg.  N'  cxxxvi. 

•^fLcbin.  T.I.  p.  377. 

U- 

Part  III. 

[Ll] 

In 

254         MR.     GALE'S     HISTORICAL     DISCOURSE 

In  1369  the  French  broke  the  peace  concluded  at  Bretigny ; 
this  pnt  the  duke  vmder  great  difficulties  how  to  carry  himlelf 
between  the  two  kings.  He  owed  his  duchy  to  the  Englhli,  and 
had  been  twice  married  into  that  royal  family,  his  firft  coulbrt 
having  been  Mary,  the  fourth  daughter  of  Edward  III.  and  his 
iecond  Joan,  daughter  of  the  princefs  of  Wales,  by  her  firfl  huf- 
band  Thomas  Holland,  earl  of  Kent.  Thefe  confiderations 
made  him  a  well-wiiher  to  them,  and  to  favour  their  intereft 
underhand  without  coming  to  an  open  rupture  with  the  French ; 
fo  that  in  July  1 372,  when  by  a  treaty  with  the  king  of  England 
he  had  procured  the  reftitution  of  the  county  of  Richmond,  John 
of  Gaunt,  then  king  of  Caftile  and  duke  of  Lancafter,  having 
refigned  it  to  that  intent,  and  in  confideration  of  other  lands 
given  him  for  it*,  at  the  fame  time  he  carried  on  a  treaty  with 
the  French  king,  and  gave  him  new  aliurances  of  his  fidelity  t. 
However  it  was  but  the  November  following  that  he  entered  into 
clofer  engagements  with  the  king  of  England  J,  which  at  laft 
coft  him  his  duchy  of  Britany,  obliged  him  to  retire  in  1374, 
with  his  duchefs  into  England,  and  to  live  there  upon  the 
revenues  of  his  Richmond  eftate  ||,  the  nobility  of  Britany  hav- 
ing been  debauched  from  their  allegiance  by  the  bribes  of  the 
French  king. 

Edward  the  Third  made  frequent  attempts  to  reinflate  him  in 
his  dominions,  Ibmetimcs  by  fuccours  given  him,  and  fometimes 
by  treaty  ;  but  never  could  eflcd:  it ;  fo  that,  departing  this  life 
the  23d  of  June,  1377?  he  was  forced  to  leave  the  profecution 
of  the  duke's  reftoration  to  his  grandfon,   Richard  the  fecond. 

In  the  firft  year  of  his  reign,  that  king  granted  the  duke  the 
return  of  of  all  writs  in  his  county  of  Richmond,  and  excufed 
him   and  his  tenants  from  paying  thol  and  pontage,  and  other 

*  Append.  Reg.  N*?  cxLir,  cxi.ni,  &c.  f  Lobin.  T.  I,  p.  40;.         J  Lobin.  p.  405.  and 

T,  li.  583.  II  Lobin.  T.  1.  p.  410,  411. 

duties^ 


ON     THE     DUCAL     FAMILY     OF    RICHMOND.         255 

duties,  throughout  the  whole  kmgdom  ■■■•■;  and  retained  him  to 
ferve  in  a  naval  expedition  under  Thomas  of  Woodftock,  duke 
of  Gloucefter,  his  uncle,  with  200  men  at  arms,  and  as  ma.iy 
archers  -f.  This  armament  was  defigned  againft  a  SpaniQa 
fleet  then  lying  at  Slufe  in  Flanders,  but  that  of  England  being 
difperfed  by  a  tempeft,  the  attempt  came  to  nothing.  The  duke 
continued  after  this  for  fome  time  with  the  earl  of  Flanders,  but 
returned  the  next  year  into  England,  having  only  the  town  of 
Brefl:  left  him  of  all  his  dominions  in  Britany,  and  that  blocked 
up  by  the  French,  who  had  proceeded  even  to  declare  his  duchy 
confifcated,   and  united  to  the  crown  of  France. 

This  ufage  of  the  duke  had  the  effect  to  make  his  fubjedts 
return  to  their  obedience,  and  recal  their  exiled  prince, 
rather  than  become  flaves  to  France.  He  was  fent  back  from 
England  with  a  Itrong  fupply  under  the  command  of  the  braveil 
and  moll  experienced  captains  of  thofe  times;  fo  that  in  a  few  years 
he  brought  Charles  the  Sixth  to  propofe  a  treaty  to  him,  which 
was  ratified  the  J5th  of  January,  1381,  and  upon  the  duke's 
making  his  fubmiHion  and  doing  homage  to  him,  he  was  once 
more  put  into  poflellion  of  the  duchy  of  Britany  and  county  of 
Montfort  ]:. 

So  unhappy  is  the  fituation  of  a  weak  prince,  when  it  places 
him  between  two  others,  that  are  each  of  them  too  ftrong  for 
him,  and  an  equal  match  one  for  the  other,  that  he  niufc  ever 
be  dependant  on  one  of  them,  and  undergo  the  other's  refent- 
ment.  This  was  always  the  cafe  of  the  dukes  of  Britany  betwixt 
the  kings  of  England  and  France,  the  former  of  which  was  now 
fo  exafperated  at  this  treaty,  by  which,  the  duke  had  obliged 
himfelf  to  fend  home  all  the  Englifli  he  had  brought  with  him, 
though  the  importunities  of  his  fubjedls,  and  their  averfion  to 

*  Addit.  in  Regift.N°  xvi.  Lobin,  T.  I.  p.  418.  f  Append,  N?  cxlix,  clcli. 

+  Lobin.  T.I.  p,  -537,  438. 

L  1   a  thofe 


2;:6         MR.    GALE'S    HISTORICAL    DISCOURSE 


■J 


thofe  auxiliaries  made  it  impoffible,  as  the  peace  with  France  made 
it  unneceffary  to  keep  them  any  longer,  that  he  detained  the 
duchefs  his  fifter  in  England,  and  gave  her  the  honour  of  Rich- 
mond as  long  as  flie  would  continue  there  *.  He  permitted  her 
neverthelefs  to  return  to  her  hulband  in  1383,  granting  her 
the  f  profits  thereof  till  the  Michaelmas  following  as  an  aid  to 
pay  her  debts. 

Two  years  after,  in  the  8th  of  this  king's  reign,  Richmond 
was  by  adt  of  parliament  declared  to  be  confifcated  for  the  duke's 
adherence  to  the  French  king ;  though,  for  certain  reafons, 
the  a6t  was  not  inrolled  till  the  14th  |,  and  was  granted  by  king 
Richard  to  Anne  his  queen  for  her  life(|.  The  king,  in  the 
mean  time,  had  been  fo  far  reconciled  to  the  duke,  that  he  had 
reftored  it  to  him  by  a  new  grant,  dated  the  firft  of  March  in  the 
tenth  year  of  his  reign,  A.  D.  1387  §.  He  gave  him  alfo** 
another  grant  of  it,  the  20th  of  November,  two  years  after,  al- 
moft  verbatim  the  fame  as  the  former  ;  fo  that  it  appears  as  if 
the  king  had  feized  it  again,  or  at  leaft  put  a  (top  to  the  queen's 
furrender  of  Richmond  to  the  duke  between  the  time  of  making  tt 
him  thefe  two  grants. 

In  the  year  1391,  the  duke  fent  a  folemn  embaffy  to  demand 
and  accept  the  county,  town,  and  caftle  of  Richmond  from  the 
king;  and  having  a  fecond  fon  born  Auguft  25,  1393,  he 
named  him  Arthur,  and  gave  him  the  title  of  earl  of  Richmond. 
Notwithitanding  all  this,  in  the  2 lit  of  his  reign,  the  king 
granted  the  county,  town,  caltle,  and  honour  of  Richmond  to 
Joanna,  the  duke's  filter,  wife  of  Ralph  Baffet  of  Drayton,  in 
all  probability  with  the  duke's  confent,  who  had  had  no  new 
difference  with  the  king  fince  the  laft  reftitution,  and  is  Ityled  by 
him  in  that  very  deed  "  Frater  cariflimus  ]:J." 

*  Append.  Reg-  N?  cm.  f  Ibid.  N°  cliii.  J  Append.  Reg.  N9  cdvii.  1|  Ibid. 

N°  cLiv.  §  Rot.  Cart,  aniii  lo  Rich.  II.  in  Turr.  Lond.  **  Append.  Reg.  N°  clvi. 

i^  Ibid.  N^CLViii.  it  Append.  Reg.  N'  clix. 

Richard 


ON     THE     DUCAL     FAMILY    OF     RICHMOND.         257 

Richard  II.   being  depofed,  his  fucceffor   Henry  IV.  beftowcd 
the  county  and  honour  of  Richmond  in  tlie  firlt  year  of  his  reign 
upon  Ralph  Neville*,   earl  of  VVeftmorland,   for  the  term  of  his 
life,   but  without  giving  him  the  title  thereof  t.      John  the  fourth 
duke   of  Britany   died  Nov.  i,   in  the  fame  year,   and  was  fuc- 
ceeded  in  his  dukedom  by  John  V.      I  cannot  find  he  w^as  ever  in 
pofTellion  of  the  honour  or  earldom  of  Richmond,   though  Henry 
IV X-    once   gave  him  fuch  hopes  of  it,   that  he  fent  over  Arnel 
de  Chateaugiron,  his  chamberlain,   to  do  homage  for  it§.      On 
the  contrary,   it  appears  to  have  been  in  the  poffeffion  of  the  earl 
of  Weftmorland  the  vei^y  next  year||,   and  even   at  his  death, 
which  happened  not   till  the  fourth   of  Henry  VI.   who  imme- 
diately thereupon  commanded  his  efchaetor  to  give  livery  of  it  to 
his  uncle,   John  duke  of  Bedford,  that  had  obtained  the  reverlion 
of  it  from  his  brother  Henry  V**".      After  this,  the  title  and  reve- 
nues of  the  earl  of  Richmond  were  never  reftored  to  the  ducal 
family  of  Britany  ;   though  Arthur,   fecond  fon  of  John  IV.  con- 
tinued to  ftyle  himfelf  earl  of  Richmond  as  long  as  he  lived,   as 
did  alfo  all  the  fucceeding  dukes  of  Britany  in  their  charters  and 
upon  their  feals,   till  Anne,  the  daughter  and  heirefs  of  Francis 
II.   marrying  Charles  VII.  king  of  France,  united  that  duchy  to 
the  French  crown,   after  which  the  title  of  earl  of  Richmond  was 
no  more  alTumed  by  any  foreigner. 

Thus  I  have  deduced  this  hiftorical  account  of  the  earls  of 
Richmond,  from  the  firil  to  the  laft  of  the  ducal  family  of  Bri- 
tany that  enjoyed  that  honour,  with  as  much  brevity  as  the  nature 
of  the  fubjed:  would  admit  ;  and,  at  the  fame  time,  give  me 
leave  to  fet  forth  the  ftate  of  the  county  in  the  many  revolutions 
it  underwent,  the  feveral  feizures  of  it  into  the  kings  of  Eng- 
land's hands,  and  the  recoveries  of  it  by  the  dukes  of  Britanv, 

*  Append.  Reg.  N^  clx.  f  Dugd.  Baron.  T.  I.  p.  298.  and  Append,  to  Reg.  N°  clxiii. 

&  addit.  N^  XVIII.  J   loHen.  IV.    1409.  §  Append.  Reg.  N°  clxi. 


II  Reg.  p.  78.  **  Append.  Reg.  N*  clxii 


the 


148      MR.     GAL£'s    historical    DISCOURSE 


'3 


the  tranfitions  of  it  from  one  family  to  another,  as  alfo  to  redify 
the  infinite  miftakes  of  Sir  Wilham  Dngdale  and  others,  in  rela- 
tion to  the  fucceffions  of  thofe  dukes  and  earls,  as  will  plainly 
appear  by  the  genealogical  table  prefixed  before  the  Regiftrum 
Honoris  de  Richmond  ;  and  nothing  more  remains  to  be  faid  upon 
this  matter,  except  the  niaking  of  fome  eftimate  of  what  the 
yearly  valile  of  this  honour  might  amount  to,  which  in  fome 
meafure  may  appear  by  the  feveral  accounts  of  it  rendered  into 
the  Exchequer,  the  Inquifitio  pojl  mortem  of  Peter  de  Savoy-, 
and  the  eftimations  of  it  in  feveral  reigns. 

But  as  to  the  accounts  rendered  into  the  Exchequer,  thofe 
W'C  have  feem  only  to  be  part  of  the  profits  t,  we  Ihall  there- 
fore pafs  them  by,  and  come  firft  to  the  allowance  given  for  it  in 
the  thirty-ninth  of  Henry  III.  A.  D.  1245,  to  Johannes  de  Bri- 
tannia, which  was  but  1 200I.  fterling  per  annum,  the  200 
marks  mentioned  as  in  addition  to  that  fum,  being  the  king's  free 
giffj.  This  feems  to  bean  under-rate  indeed,  lor  but  35  years 
after,  in  the  eighth  of  Edward  I.  A.  D.  1280,  we  find  the  value 
of  it  to  be  much  higher,  it  amounting  to 

In  Nottinghamfliire \       „ 

^  I  1 2  8      1 5        4 

Lincoln 1464      17        8| 


Hertford 86  11  io| 

SufTex 51  8  6^ 

Norfolk 80  o  o 

Cambridge 371  4  o 

York *      .  658  13  10 


4 


2843         I         34 

which  fum  fo  much  exceeds  the  former,   that,  at  firft  fight,   it 
would  perfuadc  us,  that  the   1200I.   had  been  allowed,  not  for 

*  Append.  P.eg.  N^  VIII.  t  See  the  Prefaces  to  Reg.  %  Append.  N'' xxxvii. 

the 


ON    THE   DUCAL   FAMILY    OF    RICHMOND.  iS9 

the  value  of  the  whole  honour,  but  only  for  the  county  of  Rich- 
mond lying  in  Yorkfliire,  the  grants  themfclves  fpecifying  it\v;\s 
pro  ex  lent  a  et  valor  e  comiiatus  fnon  /jomrisj  Rjcttimmdicz  '•■■" ;  but  us 
1200I.  per  annum  was  alnioft  double  the  value  of  that  part  of  it 
in  the  Inquilition  taken  but  35  years  after  the  firti,  and  but  20 
after  a  fubfequent  grant  of  the  fame  fum,  it  muil  be  without 
doubt  the  eiUmate  of  the  intire  honour,  which  w^s  then  very 
uncertain  and  unknown,  as  appears  by  the  laft  of  thofe  grants  t, 
and  continued  fo  till  the  above-mentioned  Inquilition  feems  to 
have  exa<51;ly  fettled  it.  How  cgmes  it  then,  that  when  John 
the  fon  of  John  II.  duke  of  Britany,  made  it  over  to  the  countefs 
of  Pembroke,  JMary  de  St.  Paul,  he  referved  to  himfelf  no  more 
than  1800I.  per  annum  o\it  of  the  income  thereof,  befules  the 
woods  and  the  ecclefiaiiical  advowfons  belonging  tp  iti,  ^'2> 
years  after  this  Inquihtion  was  taken  ?  The  reafon  of  this  great 
difproportion  between  the  afore-mentioned  valuation  and  this  re- 
ferved rent  is  evidently  from  the  neceflary  charges  and  burthens 
the  honour  was  liable  to,  which  were  to  be  borne  by  the  occupier  ; 
there  being  no  allowance  for  any  reprifals  mentioned  in  the  deed, 
but  on  the  contrary  an  exprefs  covenant  for  the  counteiVs  dif- 
c\i2Xg\r\g  omnia  fervitia  et  debit  a  inde  confuetaf  belides  which  the 
woods  miift  be  alfo  looked  upon  as  of  conliderable  value,  not  to 
mention  the  advowfons  of  the  religious  honfcs  and  churches,  and 
the  title  of  earl,  which  he  retained  Hill  to  himfelf:  neither  can  it 
be  fuppofed  that  the  countefs,  or  any  body  elfe,  would  fubjecl 
themfelves  to  the  payment  of  fuch  a  rent-charge,  without  a  con- 
iiderable  advantage  from  the  reit  of  the  eftate. 

The  real  value  of  money  w^as  at  leaft  fix  times  higher  then 
than  it  is  at  prefent ;  if,  therefore,  ,we  would  make  a  comparative 
eflimate  of  the  value  of  this  honour  as  it  was  when  the  Inqnifition 
was  taken,   with  the  prefent  value  of  money,   we  may  come  at  it 


Append,  N*?  xxxvii. 

t  Ibid.  N*-:"  XLViii. 

%   Ibid.  NPcxxvni.  A.  D.   1583. 

4 

pretty 

a^o         MR.    GALE'S    HISTORICAL     DISCOURSE. 

pretty  nearly,  by   multiplying  the  fum  total  colle(9:ed  from  that 
by  the  number  6,   and  it  will  ftand  thus, 
Ancient  value    2843      i      3i 

6 


Prefent  value  17058      7      9 
And  by  multiplying  the  rent  referved  by  the  earl  when  he  parted 
with  the  eftate  in  1 333,  the  fame  w^ay,  the  value  of  money  con- 
tinuing ftill  much  the  fame,  it  will  produce  for 

Ancient  value    1800      o      o 

6 


Prefent  value  10800  o  o 
A  noble  appanage  for  a  younger  fon  of  a  duke  of  Britany,  or 
additional  income  to  his  own  revenue  ;  and  that  might  be  the 
reafon  they  were  fo  unwilling  to  part  with  it,  particularly  John 
II.  who  might  know  the  value  of  it  to  be  a  great  deal  more  than 
1200I.  per  annum  allowed  him  for  it  by  Henry  III.  from  the  ac- 
counts that  might  be  of  the  produce  of  it  to  his  ancellors  in 
Britany. 


ADDITIONS 


[    26:     ] 


Additions  and  Corrections  to  the  "  Regiftrum  Honoris  de 
"  Richmond,"  tranfcribed  from  the  Margin  of  Mr.  R.  Gali^'s 
Copy,  as  correfied  for  a  new  Edition,  now  in  the  PofTefTion 
of  John  Watfon  Reed,  Efq;  of  Lincoln's  Inn. 

Prxf.  p.  V.  1.  4.  Bergam  vel  Ffeigam  Areinoricis  et  Cambro-britannis  Valgus,  quod  agnomen 
a  varis  cruribus  Alano  impofitum  videatur.     V.  Bibl.  Literar.  Tom.  VI.  p,  15. 
r.  vi.  1.  2.  V.  Maddoxii  Baron.  Angl.  p.  159,  160. 
L.  9.  dedmh'l  decern  folidos. 

Jn  Marghte,  I.    iVl.  An.  T.  11.  p.  71.  1.  12.     V.  infra,  1.  98. 

P.  vii.  1.  6.  Alaniis  Comes  Britannix  obiit  ann.  log^,  et  hie  jacet  ad  hoftinm  nuftrale  S" 
Edmundi.  Ex  libr.  Abb.  de  Chattiis  in  Bibl.  Cotton.  V.  Weever's  Fun.  Mon.  p.  7 '9.  -  0(f>:vo 
kal.  Maii  obiit  Ailuimis  Comes,  fundator  Ramefieniis  monafterii,  &;c.  et  AiKvinus  Niger,  frater 
ejus,  qui  dedit  Cranfelde,  &c.  Ex  libello  de  Anniverfariis  in  Eccl.  Ramefienfi  obfervatis.  i\lon. 
Ang.  torn.  I,  p.  239.  34. 

P.  xvi.  1.  6.  Rex  [Riehardus]  infiliens  infedit  fellje  aureis  fcintillis  multicoloribus  finopide  inter- 
lucentibus,  parte  iiihilominus  pofleriore  binis  aureis  fele  refpicientibus  hirriendo  leunculis,  fingu- 
iorum  uno  jiedc  anterionim  verftis  alterum  tanqunm  ad  laccrandiim  porrefto  :  Galfr.  de  Vinef:iiir, 
lib.  ii.  cap.  36.     Is  erat  tenor  cartse  noflrx  in  primo  figillo  iioftro,  quod  quia   aliquando  perditum 
erat,  et  dum  capti  fuimus  in  AlemanniA  in  aliena  poteftate  conflitutum,  mutatura  eft  j  ut  a  pri- 
ore  difcreparet  ne  Falfariis  locus  eflet.  V.  Spelmanni  Afpilog.  p.  45, 
L.  8.  lege,  Leones  gradientes,  aut  Leopardos  j)otius,  geftavit. 
P.  xxii.  1.  ii.j  Lege  33°, 
Ij.  1 1.  Proiegem'\  Locum  fuum  tenentem. 
I..  29.  lege  I3I4' 

L.  31.  Redditos  pro  comit.  Herefordiae  fcribit  Rlonachus  Malmfbur.  in  vita  Ed.  IV.  ab  Hear- 
nio  edit.  1729,  p.  i  iij. 

P.  xxiii.  1.  ult.  Veniam  banc  prius  ab  Ed.  II.  impetraverat,  deinde  ab  Ed.  III.  an.  regni  fui 
v'',  prout  apparet  in  N"  IV.  Collect.  MSS.  in  calce  hujus  libri.  Cliarta  7°  Ed.  III.  data  non 
ell  iiifi  confiraiatio  iUius  ab  Ed.  II.  concelfe, 

P.  xxiv.  1.  4.  In  vivis  certe  fuit  A.  D.  1333:    eo  enim  anno  Honorem  Richm.  locavit  comU 
tifla:  Pembrochirs,  ficut  a  charta  fuA,  N.  CXXVIII.  in  append,  manitellum  eft. 
P.  xxviii.  1.  17.  lege  villam  caftellumque. 
P.  xxxii.  1.  14.  pretii  folvendt']  reprifarum. 
P.  xxxiv.  1.  10.  Sam.  Gaftrell. 

In  Tab.  Genealog.  Johannes  de  Britannia  ob.  1330. 
Ibid.  Brianus  til.  Alani=:Anna,  fil.  J.  Baliol  reg.  Scotis. 
P.  I.  1.  20.  i6°]  obiit  iv°.  pofl  fratrcm  anno, 
L.  26,  1164]  /.  113S.  V.  Prsfat.  p.  viii. 
P.  5.  1.  3.  /£;5-t' Fleetham. 

P.  21.  Randulfus  de   Glanvill  non  reddit  compotum  Honoris  Comitis  Conani,    quia  nondum 

potuit  fcire   numerum  militum  ejufdem  Honoris.     Rot.   18  Henr.  II.   rot.  10.  6.  V.  Macdox's 

Hift.  p.  440.  col.  I.  b.  et  Baron.  Angl.  p.  121-, — Comitiffa  Britannix  debet  cc  et  quater  xx  marcaK 

de  Icutagio  niilituni,  fcilicet  de  c  et  xi  niilitibus  quos  Tomas  de  Bure  quondam  Senelcallus  Co- 

Part  m.  [M  m]  mitiiHs 


£62  ADDITIONS     avd     C  O  R  R  E  C  T  I  O  N  S 

rnitilTs;  recognuvit  pcrtlnere  ad  Honorem  Com'uis   de   Dritannia  in  AngliA.     Y.  Maddox's  lillK 
Excheq.  p.  44.4,  col.  2.  i.  ct  Baron.  Angl.  p.  122.  ex  Mag.  Rot.  i  Johan.  Rnt.  4. 
P.  22.  I.  13.  .-^tkucoulcH^  Atley  hill  jiixta  Coiiton. 

P.  29.  1.  34.  Ro/'i-rt/is  Coirjhil'Ie]  Supra  jinrtam  auftralem  facelli  tantiim  non  diruti  de  Tliirii- 
toft  A.  D.  1740,  infignia  genlilltia  dc  Conftablc. 
P.  43.  1.  27.  tenet  9  acras  terra;. 

P.  47.  1.  73.   Huddel'well  habetiir  nihilominus  in  fine  Inquifitioni;,  iit  fupra. 
P.  64.  1    17.  fccundi]  Sic  in  MS.    Sod  reftius  primi  erit.    Aiienora  enira  Ed.  11.  mater  n-.ultos 
annos  obicrat  anteqiiam  filius  regnum  capeffiverat. 
F.  65.  1    19.  Ice  Burton  in  Bifliopfdalc. 
P.  84.  1.  17.  fffi.']  ieoiati. 
P.  92.  1.  4.  V.  Append,  p.  115.  N"  XLI, 
Append,  p.  3.  1.  42.  hodic  penes  Comitem  Fitzwillyams. 

P.  64.  Arch  ini]  Archidiaconi — Idem  v  c.  de  >.xs.  quos  Archidiaconiis  de  Ricbem.  folvit  Ar- 
chiepilcopo  annnatim  de  Archidiaconatu  fuo.  In  Thefauro  liberaverunt,  et  quieti  funt.  Mad- 
dox  Baron.  Angl.  p.  87.  c.  i. 

P.  70.  1.  29.  dfcimis.^  Duas  marc3s  pro  deciniis  omnium  terrarum  grangix  d:  Belloniorvte 
[i.  e.  Beamond].     V.  Mon.  Angl.  torn.  I.  p.  709.  n.  33. 

P.  78.  1.  27.   Godefridus  de  Lucy  Archidiac.     Richmundis,  rcgnante  Hear.  IJ.  A.  D.  118-, 
Benedift.  Abb.  ex  edit.  Hearniana  Ox.  p.  433. 
L.  30,   Benediftus  Abbas,  p.  562. 
L.  31.  Sigillifer  Regis,  pollea  Epifc.  Elyenf. 

P.  fg.  1.  23.  Ab  Ed.  I"^.  ad  Papam   legatiis    fohannes    de   Glaunton  Archid'aconii;  Rich-iionJ. 
V.  Lelandi  Colleft.  I'om.  I.  part.  2,  p.  538.  where,  by  the  preceding  matters,  he  feercs  to  have 
had  this  dignity  about  the  year  1292,  cr  3. 
L.  40.  tt  ad  Epifcopatum  Lincolnienfem. 

P.  Ri.  1.  4.   Filius  naturalis  WoHeii  Cardinalis.     Y.  Wood's  Fafti  Oxon.  p.  40. 
P.  82.  1.  2.  ^bbalhia  Suncl^  JgathaJ^  Ordinis  P  rx  mon  lira  ten  fis. 

Ex  Libro  vifiiationum  vulgo  vocato  Compendium  Compcrtorum  per  D'nm  Leigh  et  Leyton, 
hodie  in  Scaccario  Wcftmonalt,  fervnto. 

St.  Agatha. 
Will,  H  irrifon, 
Johan.  Ripon, 
Rob.  Pajnent, 
Johan.  Ilichmond, 
]M  chacl  Clcrkfon, 
Georgius  PuHey  cum  una  conjugata,  et  altera  foluta  incontinens. 
J'lmdator  D'ns  Scioop. 
Redditos  anniuis  cc  li. 
P.  85.  1.  I.  Pr!-ratus  de  ,'Warniv]  Ordinis  Benedi>.T:. 

Chriftabella  Cowper  Prioriffa. 
E  Libr'  Penf '  in  Curia  Augmentac'. 

Penfions  and  annuities  li::iittd  and  affigned.  by  John  Uvcdale  and  Leonard  Bcckwitb,  Commif- 

fioners  autl.orifed   by  virtue   of  the  King's  Highnefs's  Conuniirion  under   his    privy  ieal,  to  the 

Priorefs  and  Nuns  of  the  late  Priory  of  Marryl^,   in  the  coiinty  of  York,   at   the  iurrender  and 

diflblution  of  tiie  iame  Prioiy,  the  ijth  day  of  September,  in   the  311!  year  of  the  resign  of  our 

Sovereign  Lord  Henry  the  Eighth-,  as  followeth  :  -s.    d. 

firll  to  ehriftabell  Covvper,.,ia-te  Priorefs  there  ico     o 

Item,  to-l),i!iic  M^irgarctt  Lovechild,  late  nun  there,  40     o 

luern,  to  Damejoliane  Norrisj  late  nun  there,  53     4 

Ite.ra,  to  Dame  Marjorye  Conyars,  late  nun  there,  C6     8 

Ittm,  to' Dame  Elizabeth  Dahcn,  40    o 

liem,  to  Dame  Elcnor  Maxwell,  40    o 

Itein, 


>Sodomitx  per  voluntariam  poUutionera. 


J. 

d. 

40 

0 

lO 

0 

26 

8 

:o 

0 

--6 

8 

j6 

8 

20 

0 

IN     GALE'S     HONOR     OF     11  I  C  M  M  O  N  D.  263 


Ifem,  to  Tla.T.e  Johnne  Bnrningham, 
Jtcm,  to  D:iir.;  Joh.iiie  Marton, 
Item,  to  Danic  Cirace  Rothcrforde, 
Item,  to  Dame  Elizabeth  Cloce, 
Item,  to  Dauu'  EHzabetli  Rohiiit'oi), 
Itear,  to  Dame  Anne  Ledeman, 
Iiem,  to  Dan:e  Eii;:.;lieth  Sinj^lcton, 

Fiat  Penl'  predict'  Rcligiof  "j  Jo.  Uvf.dat.p, 

per  nos,  j  Lkon.  Beckvvitii. 

P.  87. 1.  I.  Dccanatiis  dc  CaUiyk.l  Ordinis  Cillcrcienris. 
P.  91.  Prioratns  de  ElUrton.^  Ordinis  Ciftercienris. 

'  E  libro  prediclo  Scaccaiii. 
Cecilia  Swale  pcperit  ex  fokito, 

Fundatores,  Will.  Afeibjv  VVtil.  Thorefl)y,,'Raduiplius  Spencer. 
Reditus  anil'  >iv  11. 

P.  92.  /Ibbaihla  de  E-^gl!iflot;.'\  Canonicorum  Nigrorum. 
Coliea-.  R.  Dodiworth,  in  Kibl.  Bodl.  131.  f.  182.  b. 

Eilerton  Morual'. 
Fiindatores,  Will.  Afelby,  Will,  Thorefoy,  Radulphus  Spencer. 

[This  lesms  to  be  a  rciftake ;  thefe  being  the  founders  of  Eilerton,  as  in  the  former  page. 
R.  Gale.] 

Ibid.  f.  iSj.  b. 
The  monaftery  of  Egglefton  upon  Tecfw^ter,  of 'the  order  of  Priemonflratenfes,  of  the  firft 
foundation  of  MafterRalph  iVIulton  and  Alys  his  wife  ;    Gilbert,  Phliij),  and  Matilda  de  la  H-iye  *, 
and  it  was  founded  in  King  Stephen's  time  :  now  Lord  Dacres  is  the  founder.      [Q;_  An  non  ex 
Lelando.'— R.G.] 

P.  93.  Jhbathia  de  Coverham,]  Canonicorum  Nigrorum,  ant  Pnmonflratenfium.  V.  Men. 
Angl.  tom.  11.  p.  64S., 

Ex  libro  prcedicl. 
Chriftoferus  Rookfty  Abb'  yehementer  fufpectus  incontinentix. 
Will'  Fountains,  -^ 

Adam  Milham,  f' P^r  voluntariam  pollutionem  Sodomite. 

Edvv.  St  ralion,  J 

Habetur  cingalum  Mariae  Neville,  parturientibus  ut  creditur  conducens. 
Fundaror  D'ns  Rex.     Reditus  ann'  cxxxx  li. 

P.  gj.  Hfpitah,  Sec]  Randuiphus  de  Glanvili  r.  c.  &c.  in  eleemofyna  conflituta,  in  firmis 
Hofpitalis  de  Richmunt  x  s.  pro  v  lummis  frumenti,  et  monialibus  de  Richemont  iiii  s,  5;c. 
Maddox's  Hill   of  the  Exclieq.  p.  440. 

P.  106.  1.8.  Fomcfcroft'  \io&\^  thorns fcr oft. 
P.  107.  N°  XXVllI.   Mag.  Rot.  9  Joh.  Rot.  7.  a. 

Roaldus  f.li\is  Alani  debet  tc  marcas  et_iiii  palefiidos  pro  quictantia  amerciament!,   eo  quod 
jurare  noluit  pro  XIII'.  et  pro  habendo  Cailro  de  Richemunt  iinde  diffeifitus  fuit  eadem  occa- 
llone,.et  pro  habendis   Uteris  Regis    patentibus  de  jufticiando   milites  qui  ciiftodiarn   dcbent   ad 
caftrum   de  Richemunt,  ad  cutlodias  illas  facisndas.     Maddox's  Hift.  uf  the  Excheq.  p.  346, 
P.  163.  1.  ult.   Grenham\  Grcenhou.     Maddox's  Hift.  of  the  Excheq.  p.  42S.  col.  2. 
P.  175.  1.  iS.   le^e  cepit  ant  levavit. 
P.  18-2.,  N-  CXXXIII.     Efc.  A.  9  E.  III.  1335. 
P.  193.  1.  32.  lege  Carre,  cuftocie  privati  figilli,  Sec. 

P.  198.  1.  13.  l€?e  ubicumque  et  in  quibui'cumque  comitatibus  eiedeni  tern  et  ten.  esi.ltint 
in  quibufcumque,  ic. 

L,  17.  Nitlliis  Fir'}  NuUus  Vicecomes. 

*  Reftiljs  de  la  Lega.    V.  Mon.  Angl.  tom.  II.  p.  195. 


264        ADDITIONS     AND     CORRECTIONS 

L.  23.  /iJd,  GuiJone  Comite  de  Bryen  Camerario  noftro,  Ricafdo  Lefcrop  Senefcallo  holjpiti] 
noftri,  et  ulrrs. 

L.  25.   Per  breve  de  Privato  Sigello. 
P.  igg.  !.  24.   Anno  regni  noftri  Iccundo, 
p.  219.  I.  ig.  mtindacioiicl  invadiacione. 

P.  225.  1.  25.  Conquejior.  '  Anglintti  fibi  noti  per  oonqiieftum  fed  ab  Edvvardo  delegattim 
"Willielmus  vendicavit.  V.  Mon.  Angl.  torn.  I.  p.  311.  b.  lo.  313.  b.  60.  torn.  IL  p.  889  & 
900.      Vid.  etiam  p.  23.  b.  1.  41;, 

P.  226.  1.  3.  Anno  regni  Gulielrr.i  quinto  comites  Edwinus  et  Morcharus,  quod  Rex  eos  in 
cuftodia  ponere  voluit,  latentcr  e  curia  ejus  fiigeriint,  et  aiiquamdiu  contra  eum  rebeliavenmt. 
Sed  cnin  eis  parum  AiccflHiVet,  Edwinus  Malcolmum  regem  adieas,  a  fuis  in  itinere  percuffus 
ccciditur.     AUV.  Beverlac.  Annal.  lib.  IX.  p.  131. 

P.  227.  1.  30.  Pod  rebellium  fubverfionem  fafla  eft  diligens  Inquifitio  qui  fuerunt  qui  contra 
rcgem  in  bello  dimicantes,  &c.     V.  App.  p.  5.' — Pofleffiones  et  coni'uetudines  regis  et  principum 
fuorum  folum  defcript*.     V.  Append.  N°  IV.  Vid.  Weever's  Funeral  Monuments,  p.  496. 
L.  ult.  compa^maturn]  compadum. 
P.  230.  1.  16.  Lege  quod  novani,  &c. 

L.  23.  Picotum  Lafcelles.]  Rogerus  de  Lqcell,  filius  Robert!  de  Lacell,  conceflit  Rogero  de 
Lacell  avunculo  luo  terras  in  Aflcerig,  quas  habuit  Picotus  de  Lacell  avunculus  fuus,  et  pater 
Rogeri.     Placit.  apud  Ebor.  ann.  30  Henr.  III. 

Lacel!=^ 


Robertus.  Rogerus.  Picotus, 


r 


Rogerus,  vix.  31  Hen.  III. 
P.  232.  In  the  pedigree,  iven  with  Johannes  Ask,  add^ 
2.  Thomas.  3.  Richard, 

, ' 

I 
William.  John.  Richard.  Ralph.  Henry.  Nicholas. 

^fler  the  laji  line  add,   1.  Ricardus  Afk,  arm.      2.  Francifcus. 

P.  233.  1.  32.  Rhyve!.]  Rhyfeta,  et  Rhufclu,hd\\\m  gerere,  RbyfeWer,  bellator. 

P.  236.  I.  31.  Lege,  dempto  tantum  Fortune,  &c. 

P.  237.  J\iratores  dicunt,  quod  paftura  eft  in  Warlawhy  et  non  in  Romaneby,  et  Warkuby 
in  Richmond.  Wappentak.  et  Romaneby  in  Allerton  :  et  qu:edam  aqua  vocata  Wefk  leparat 
wappentachia  et  libertates  pafturarum  ;  ita  quod  nuUi  ij)ioruni  qui  funt  in  Romaneby  commu- 
nicant cum  W'arlaweby,  ncc  e  contra.  Alfd.  coram  VVill'o  de  Ebor.  &c,  28  Henr.  III. 
Rot.  21.  D. 

P.  240.  1.  penult.     £fg-^N°VlII. 

P.  241.  1.  40.  xixorcm,\  matrcm.  . 

P.  242.  1.  15.  nomen  uxoris  fuit  Anna,  filia  J.  Baliol  Regis  Scotis. 

L.  20.  Vid.  Tab.  Genealog.  II.  it  ubi  geftamen  hoc  h-A-x  de  Boliby  de  Langnefthorp  afligna- 
tur,  nifi  quod  in  campo  rubro  depingantur  fine  cantherio  flores  tres  aurei ;  forlan  itaque 
erravit  Dugdalius,  qui  infignia  hsc  ut  intextu  depiiSa  retulit.  [Langitejihcrp  pagus  hodie  ia 
parnchiii  de  Bedale  Langthorp  nomination  :   redivis  La?igtho>-n.^ 

P  246.  1.  28.  Apud  VVallos  maritagium  fili^  cjufdeml'emper  fuitvaloris  atque  heriotum  patris. 
Vid.  Praifat.  in  Leges  Hoeli  Dlia,  Lond.  1730. 

P.  247.  I  21.  In  pedigree,  read  Eliiabeiha  fil.  Radulphi  D'ui  Scrope,  &c, ;  and  inflead  of  the 
two   lait  articles  of  fVyvill,  infcrt  as  follows  : 

7  Robert 


IN    GALE'S    HONOUR    OF    RICHMOND. 


265 


Robert  Wyvill  of  Ripon,— y-Joan  daughter  and  htircfs  of  John  Pigotti  ofCUthcram. 


Robert,— J— Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Korton,  knt. 
Marmadukt— ]--Agnes. 


_yv- 


I.  Chiiftopher,—— -Margaret,  daughter     2.  William, 
of  Francis  Scrnp, 
brother  of  Henry- 
lord  Scrop  of  Mar- 
(ham. 
^/\ 


n 


3.  Sampfon,— p-Faith,  tijughter     Agnes^William  A^ew, 

of  Nicholas  Sir-     DorothyrrAVilliam  DodCworth. 
liiigton  of  Locy;=Thoma5  MiJJleton,   of 

Hackfont.  Stodlcy, 

Mary=: Ecaumont. 


I.  Sir  Marmaduke  WyviU,  bart.—j— Magdalen,  daughter  of  Sir 
I    Chriftopher  Danby,  bart. 


.y^. 


z.  Chriftopher. 

3.  Robert. =rEli2.  Layton. 

4.  Richard. 


Elizabeth- 
Dorothy, 


I.  Chriflopher,  ob.— |— J.iiie,  daughter  of  Sir  Rob.         2.  Marmadukc. 
vita  patris.  j    Scapeiton,  of  Miton,  knt. 

. yv , 


3.  Francis,  reftor  of 
Spcnnyihorn. 


Sir  MarmadukCj^p daughter  and 

knt.  and  bare.        I    coheir  to  Sir  William 
I    Gafcoign,  of  Sedbury. 

A 


2.  Edmund. 


3.  William. 


J.  Sir  Chriftopher,— T—Urful»,  daughter  to 
Conyers  lord  Darcy. 


J.  William. 

3.  Marmaduke. 

4.  John. 
^.  Robert. 

*.  Henry,  M.  D. 


->^_ 


Elizabeth. 


Six  daughters,  five  of  whom  lived 
to  be  married. 


1.  Mary, ^Arthur  Beckwith, 

2.  Janc,=Robert  Wyld. 

3.  irabell,=  James  Darcy. 

4.  Grace, ^George  Wirham- 

5.  Olive, zz-George  Meynill. 

6.  Elizabeth, =SirW:lliam  Daltoa. 

7.  Anne,=Thomas  Dalton. 
8-  Dorothy. 


t.  Sir  Williaro,^^Anne,  daugh.     2.  Fraiicis,=7=Anne,  daugh.    3.  Chriftophet=p i.  Dorothy,=Chr.Tancred,efq. 

of  Jam.  Brook,                         1    of  Sir  Will.  dean  of           j                 2.  Baib-ira. 

cfq.  lord-mayor                        |    Cayley,  Ripon.             |                 3.  Urfula,;=Slr  John  Thomfon, 

of  Loudon.  /  y  of    Crawley,    Eed- 

I  fordlhire. 

1.  UrluU,=; Childen,efq.  j.  Chriftopher. 

ofCarhoufe.  2.  William. 

2.  Barbara. 

3.  Frances. 


-A- 


I.  Sir  Marmaduke,=f=Henriettta- Maria, 

I    daughter  of  Sir 
Thomas  Yarborough, 
/\ 


2.  Darcy. 


3.  John. 


I.  Sir  Marmaduke. 


2.  Thomas,  ob.  f.  p. 


3.  Chriftopher. 


Part  III. 


N  n 


P.  -'4^. 


266      AUDITIONS    to    G  A  L  E  '  s    RICHMOND. 

p.  248. 1..30.  /«/.]  Ita  diftum  ab  acclamatione  lo  et  lu  feftum  hoc  vult  Sperlingiua  in  Differt. 
di-  nomine  et  feflo  luel,  p.  16. 

Ibid.  1.  32.  mediant  hyrmcm']  ineunte  Febniario,  quemadraodum  Gula  Augufti  ineunte  Aii- 
gufto,  quo  pafto  annum  dimidiahant.     Gwy  Britannis,  Feftum. 

P.  252.  1.  27.  Caftrum  aliquod  caput  Honoris  Iblet,  non  urbs  aut  oppidum  efle.  V.  Madoxii 
Ilift.  Baron.  Angl.  p.  16,  17,  18. 

In  this  page  Mr.  Gale  has  delineated  what  he  calls  "  Cochleare  Argenteum  vina  cum  numif- 
"  matibus  Romauis  ad  clivum  arcis  Richmondianx  effoflum  7°  Martii,  A.  D.  1720."  (See  Plate 
VI.  fig.  15.) 

P.  253.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  Council  of  the  Borough  of  Richmond  in 
Yorkfliire,  in  the  Tou'n-hall  of  the  faid  Borough,  November  26,  1725,  the  freedom  of  the  Cor- 
poration was  unanimouily  beftowed  on  Francis  NichoHon,  efq.  Captain  General  and  Governor  of 
South  Cariilina,  to  whom  the  view  of  Richmond  is  dedicated. 

P.  261.  1.  g.  read,  Tuguriola  ;  and  after  Shales,  add,  Shalings.  Ita  vocant  Cumbri  paftorum 
mapalia  in  quibus  inter  pecora  fua  ab  Aprili  ad  Auguftum  fingtilis  annis  aiftivant  in  vaftis  fuis, 

p.  265.  1.  I.  forte  The  Eajlon, 

P.  267.  1.  21.  Alkclda'X  Q^an  non  fit  eadem  quce  S''  Kilda  apud  Scotos  ? 

L.  27.  flaW,  Lapis  tamen  fepulchralis  hodie  (1736)  ad  altare  reficiendum  amovetur,  et  vitra 
jam  confrafta  funt,  et  deperdita. 

P.  282.  Cella  S.  Martini. '\  Ordinis  Benediaini. 

Ex  Libro  Vifitationum  Monaft.  vulgo  vocato  Compendium  compertonim  per  D'"  Leyton  et 
Leigh,  hodie  in  Thefaur.  Weltm.  feivato. 

St.  Martin's  juxta  Richmond. 

Johannes  Matthew  Prior,  |         ,^^,,^,^,i^^,  poUutionem  Sodomitoe. 

Ricli.  Horkefey,  J  '  ^ 

Johannes  Matthew  Prior  cum  foeminis  folutus. 
Fundator  D's  Rex, 
Redditus  ann.  XLiii  li. 

Ibid.  I,  antep.  lege  4I.  4d. In  Not.  43I.  15s.  8d. 

p.  284.  Cowton  Long.     Dedicated  to  St.  Mary,  or  St.  Cuthbert. 

r.  285.  Marjk  V.  Patron  John  Hutton,  Efq, 

Y.  286;  Stanivix  V,  Patron Wharton,  Efq. 

]bid.  Dighton.     Dedicated  to  All  Saints ;  patronefs  Lady  Wolftenholm. 

Ibid.  Leek,  F.     Patrons,    R.  Talbot  and Knightley,  Efqrs.  who  prefent  alternately. 

Ibid.  North  V.     Dedicated  to  St.  Leonard. 

Ibid.  Rungton  IVefi  R,  Dedicated  to  St.  James. 
'    Ibid.  Thornton  in  Via  F.  Patrons,  Corpus  Chrifti  College,  Oxford. 


11  E  L 


[   "I    ] 


RELIQVIJE       GALEAN^E. 


PART         III. 


LXIV. 

» 

James  Garden,  S.  T.  P.  at  Aberdeen,  to  John  Aubrev,  Efq. 
concerning  Stone  Monuments  in  Scotland.  [Referred  to  in 
Bilhop  Gibfon's  edition  of  Camden's  Britannia,  printed  1695*.] 


A 


Aberdeen, 
J»ne  15,  169!. 

GREEABLE  to  Lord  Yefler  and  Sir  Robert  Murray's  relation, 
there  are  found  in  the  North  of  Scotland  tall,  big,  unpoliflied 
ftones,  fet  up  an  end,  placed  circularly,  but  not  contiguous.  The 
obfcurer  fort,  which  are  the  more  numerous,  have  but  one  circle 
of  ftones,  (landing  at  equal  diftances;  others,  towards  the  South  or 
South-Eaft,  have  a  large  broad  ftone  {landing  on  edge,  which  fills 
all  betNvixt  two  of  thofe  ftones  on  end,  and  is  called  by  the  vulgar 
The  Altar  Stone  t.  A  third  fort  moft  remarkable,  befides  all 
other  before  mentioned,  have  another  circle  of  fmaller  ftones  ftand- 
ing  within  the  circle  of  great  ones.     The  area  of  all  the  three  forts 

*  Pages  618.  636,  637.     Edit.  1772.  Vol.11,  p.  35;  in  Pembrokefhire. 
f  This  dcfcriiKion  bears  a  great  refcmblance  of  Stonehenge.    R.  G. 

G  g  is 


%iz  DR.    GARDEN    TO    MR.    AUBREY. 

is  commonly  filled  with  flones  of  different  fizes,  confufedly  heaped 
together.      The  two  largeft  and  moft  remarkable  of  thefe  monu- 
ments are  to  be  feen  at  Auchincorthie  in  the  Ihire  of  Mernis,  five 
miles  from  Aberdeen.      One  of  them  hath  two  circles  of  ftones, 
whereof  the  exterior  coniirts  of  13  great  flones   (befides  two  that 
are  fallen,    and  the  broad  ftone  towards  the  South)  above  three 
yards  high  above  ground,  a^id  feven  or  eight  paces  diftant  from 
one  another,  the  diameter  being  24  large  paces;   the  interior  circle 
is  diftant  three  paces  from  the  other,  the  Itones  thereof  are  three 
feet  above  ground.     Towards  the  Eafl  a6  paces  from  this  monu- 
ment there  is  a  big  ftone,  faft  in  and  level  with  the  ground,  in 
Avhich  there  is  a  cavity,  partly  natural,  partly  made,  that  will  hold 
a  Scotch  gallon  of  water*,    deligned  perhaps  for  wafliing   the 
heathen  holy  things.      The   other  monument,  larger  than  this, 
and  diftant  a  bowlhot  from  it,  confifts  of  three  circles  having  the 
fame  common  center.      The  ftones  of  the  greateft  circle  are,  about 
three  yards,  thofe  of  the  two  lefTer  three  feet,  high  above  ground  ; 
the  innermoft  circle  three  paces  diameter,  and  the  ftones  clofe  to- 
gether.     One  of  the  flones  of  the  greateft  circle  on  the  Weft  of 
the  monument  hath  a  cavity  on  the  top  of  it,  confiderably  lower 
on  one  fide,  which  will  hold  an  Englifh  pint,  and  feems  defigned 
for  a  lamp.      Another  ftone  of  the  lame  circle  on  the  Eaft  fide 
hath  upon  the  top  of  it  (which  is  but  narrow,  and  longer  oae 
way  than  another)  a  cavity  of  three  fingers  deep,  in  the  midft  of 
whofe  bottom  is  cut  oat  a  trough,  one  inch  deep  and  two  broad 
(with  another  of  the  fame  depth  and  breadth  eroding  it),  that  runs 
along  with  the  whole  length  of  the  cavity  and  down  the  fide  of  the 
ftone  a  good  way,  fb  that  what  is  poured  down  into  the  cavity  pre- 
fently  runs  down  the  fide  of  it  by  this  trough.      Upon  this  ftone 
probably  they  poured  their  Ubmnina. 

*  "VideCamden,  Eiiitii695,  £»  6i8j 

4  The 


DR.    GARDEN    TO    1\I  U.    AUBREY.  225 

The  general  tradition  concerning  thefe  monuments  is,  that  they 
were  places  of  worfliip  in  heathen  times.  They  call  them  here 
Standing  Stones^  and  the  highlanders  in  their  Irifli  Cacr.,  wliich 
fignifies  a  throne,  an  oracle,  or  place  of  addrefs.  The  people  Itill 
pay  them  an  awful  refpetSl. 

Some  of  them  are  called  chapels :  in  the  fliire  of  Aberdeen  and 
parifli  of  Ellon,  there  is  a  place  called  Forhcl,  i.  e.  The  blelled 
Chapel.  A  third  monument,  in  the  parifli  of  Peter  Culter,  five 
miles  from  Aberdeen,  is  called  7he  old  Cbapel ;  and  from  a 
fourth  near  it  a  place  is  called  Chapel Dena^  in  the  fhire  of  Banff 
and  parifli  of  Gamrie. 

Others  are  called  Temples.  In  the  parifli  of  Strath arven,  14 
miles  from  Aberdeen,  there  is  a  place  called  "fempletown,  from 
two  or  three  of  thefe  monuments  near  it;  and  the  two  above  de- 
fcribed  are  called  Law/iones.  They  fay  the  Pagan  priefts  dwelt 
in  Autchincorthie,  and  there  are  yet  {qqw  foundations  of  an  old 
lioufe  faid  to  have  been  their  Teind  Barn. 

One  of  thefe  monimients  in  the  fliire  of  BamfFe  and  parifli  of 
AbercheirdeUj  is  called  Cairnedewin^  corrupted  poflibly  Cairn^ 
drewin^  and  fo  relating  to  the  Druids. 

There  is  a  parcel  of  land  fix  miles  from  Aberdeen  called  Caini" 
draid  lane  or  Cairndratd  landy  perhaps  formerly  part  of  the  re- 
venue belonging  to  the  Druids. 

Some  perfons  now  living  faw  aflies  of  fome  burnt  matter  digged 
out  of  the  bottom  of  a  little  circle  (fet  about  with  ftones  flanding 
clofe  together)  in  the  center  of  fome  of  thefe  monuments,  near  the 
church  of  Keig  in  the  fliire  of  Aberdeen. 

*ij*  This  letter  is  printed  more  at  large  in  Afchaologia  I.  jia. 


Gg  1  LXV. 


224  W  R.     R,     GALE    TO    DR.    S  T  U  K  E  L  E  Y. 


LXV. 

Mr.  R,  Gale's   account  of  Rollrich   Hones,  in  a  letter  to 

Dr.  Stukeley. 

Auguft  J9,  I7r9, 

Laft  Saturday  morning  I  had  the  fatisfadlion  to  fee  thefe  ftones, 
which  are  but  a  molehill  to  a  mountain  if  compared  to  thofe  we 
faw  at  Stonehenge  and  Abury,  as  1  doubt  not  you  will  agree,  on 
my  giving  you  the  beft  defcription  I  can  of  them,  as  alfo  that  they 
have  been  entirely  of  another  nature  and  delign.  They  are 
pitched  upon  the  top  of  a  hill,  about  half  a  mile  South-Eaft  of  a 
village  called  Long  Compton,  juft  within  a  hedge  that  now  parts 
a  ploughed  field  from  the  heath,  and  no  doubt  when  thefe  ftones 
were  eredled  there  it  was  all  heath.  They  compofe  a  ring  not 
exadly  circular  ;  the  diameter  of  it  from  North  to  South  being  35 
yards,  and  from  Eaft  to  Weft  but  33.  The  ftones  are  of  very  un- 
equal dimenfions  both  in  height  and  thicknefs,  few  exceeding 
four  feet  in  height,  and  fome  reaching  fcarce  two :  the  breadth 
various,  nor  can  I  tell  the  original  number,  fome  being  thrown 
down  and  broken,  and  others  carried  away;  but  there  are  yet  2a 
ftanding,  and  fome  of  them  pitched  fo  clofe  together  edge  by  edge, 
that  it  is  evident  they  were  intended  to  form  a  clofe  wall:  the 
thicknefs  of  them  is  not  above  1 4  or  1 5  inches  at  moft.  Where 
the  entrance  of  it  was  is  hard  to  fay  pofitively,  there  being  at  pre- 
fent  many  fmooth  gaps  in  the  ring,  but  as  there  is  a  large  one 
diredly  North-Eaft  in  a  line  with  the  King  as  they  call  it,  I  am 
perfuaded  it  was  in  that  place.  This  king  is  a  great  ftone,  which 
the  country  fancies  to  reprefenta  man  on  horfe  back  ftanding,  84 
yards  North-Eaft  from  the  circle,  eight  feet  high,  feven  broad  in 
the  broadeft  part,  and  about  i  a  inches  thick,  and  has,  as  appears 

by 


MR.    R.    GALE    TO    DR.    S  T  U  K  E  L  E  Y.  225 

by  the  grit  of  the  flone,  been  taken  out  of  a  quarry,  as  well  as 
thofe  attendants  he  has  in  the  circle  within  one  hundred  yards  of 
his  majefty;  which  obfervation  of  mine  much  difpleafed  my  land- 
lord, who  came  from  Chippen  Norton  to  ihcw  me  this  petrified 
court,  as  it  is  believed  to  be  by  the  whole  country,  and  he  that 
dares  to  contradift  this  creed  is  looked  upon  as  a  moft  audacious 
freethinker.  Juft  in  the  North  point  of  the  circle  is  ailb  fiand- 
ing  one  ftone  much  longer  than  the  Eaft,  being  feven  feet  high, 
and  five  and  a  half  broad.  I  could  obferve  no  trench  running 
round  it,  which,  if  there  ever  had  been  one,  mufl:  ftill  have  fliewn 
itfelf  on  the  heath,  nor  any  marks  of  an  avenue  leading  to  it  as  at 
Stonehenge  and  Abury,  nor  any  barrows  or  tumuli  within  view 
of  it,  only  a  bank  about  ten  yards  to  the  North  of  the  ring  about 
twenty  yards  long,  feven  broad,  flat  but  uneven  on  the  top,  as 
if  formed  out  of  the  rubbifli  of  the  neighbouring  quarry.  In  all 
probability  it  is  as  ancient  as  the  king  himfelf,  caft  up  at  the  time 
of  his  erection ;  the  country  tradition  joining  them  together  in 
this  common  rhyme, 

If  Long  Compton  thou  canft  fee. 

King  of  England  thou  fhalt  be. 
You  cannot  fee  Long  Compton  where  this  king  ftands ;  but  if 
you  ftep  but  a  yard  to  the  North  of  him  it  difcovers  itfelf  over  the 
top  of  this  bank,  which  before  intercepted  the  view  of  ir. 


LXVL, 


2^3  SIR    J  0*H  N    C  L  E  II  K    TO    MR.    GAL  E. 


LXVI. 

Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  on  brafs  arms,  Linum  Aibejiinumy 
and  other  antiquities  in  Scotland. 

April  7,  i7io. 

Laft  week  I  received  your  letter  of  the  24th  of  March,  and  re- 
turn you  my  acknowledgements  for  fo  valuable  a  favour.      Being 
in  a  little  hurry  at  the  time,  I  only  took  notice  of  two  things  in  re- 
lation to  the  publifliing  my  letters  by  Mr.  Gordon*.     I  hope  you 
have  received  mine,  and  that  I  need  not  trouble  you  any  more 
about  thofe  particulars,  except  that  my  former  letters  (as  this  like- 
wife  is)  were  in  fo  poor  a  drefs  that  they  deferved  nobody's  confl- 
deration.     The  firft  which  was  addreiTed  to  you  came  from  an 
02:)inion  Mr.  Gordon  had  poffeffed  me  with,  that  your  goodnefs 
find  benevolence  towards  all  your  friends  would  make  you  over- 
look all  their  faults  and  weakneiTes  when  their  intention  hap- 
pened to  be  either  to  pleafe  or  divert  you ;  from  this  opinion,  which 
I  am  Hill  fond  to  entertain,  I  fliall  beg  leave  to  fay  a  few  things  in 
relation  to  fome  particulars  in  your  letter. 

As  to  your  opinion  that  the  Romans  never  made  ufe  of  brafs 
arms,  1  humbly  conceive  it  is  too  general.  I  fliall  readily  agree 
with  you  that  about  the  time  of  the  Antonines,  and  efpecially  after 
the  reign  of  Septimius  Severvis  the  legionary  foldiers  made  ufe  of  no 
arms  but  what  were  of  iron,  becaufe,  as  you  very  well  obferve, 
they  knew  very  well  how  preferable  iron  was  to  brafs,  to  negle6t 
it  in  their  warlike  inftitutions.  I  know  that  other  learned  men, 
particularly  Turnebus  and  Fabrettit,  have  afferted  the  fame  thing, 

*  At  the  end  of  his  "  Itineraijrium  Septentrionae,"  p,  169 — 184,  without  mentioning  the  names 
af  the  writers. 
.  t  De  Cc'l.  Trij.  p.  i86. 

and 


SIR    JOHN     CLERK    TO     MR.    GALE.  227 

and  that  the  Greek  poets  have  often  ufed  the  word  Xo(.7.y.oQ  for  Zi- 
^Yi^oQ :  but  I  cannot  agree  to  their  reafons.  This  known  palfage 
of  Hefiod, 

Tqlq  ^\v  ysCKHZoa.  [xvj  Tiv/Zdy  yjx?.xsoi  $s  t£  01x01, 

MfAcf:  ^  ax  saxs.  ai^ri^oi; 
proves  fufiiciently  that  brafs  arras  were  ufed  before  iron,  and  that 
the  two  metals  were  never  confounded,  Paufanias  in  his  Laconicis 
aflerts  the  fame  thing,  and  gives  feveral  inftances  to  prove  that  the 
arms  of  the  ancient  heroes  were  of  brafs.  I  could  fill  up  a  flieet 
with  quotations  from  the  Greek  poets  to  this  purpofe;  but  at  this 
time  lliall  only  mention  a  very  remarkable  pafTage  from  Homer, 
where,  after  he  has  ftretched  his  invention  to  the  utmoll  in  arming 
Acliilles,  he  fa^ys,  Lib.  xix. 

AfA<pi  J'a^'  u^ioiaiv  ^oi}\{jo  ^i^og  OL^yv^orfKov 

X0C?\.X£0i' — 

Here  the  formidable  brafs  fword  hanging  from  the  fhoulders  was 
the  hero's  chief  ornament.  It  is  no  lefs  evident  from  the  ancients 
that  their  G^/e^,  T/joraces,  Lancea,  Securis,  Enfes,  Pelta,  Clypei, 
Itubce,  Coryjua,  ^  Navis  rojirata  were  flrengthened  with  brafs. 
This  verfe  in  Virgil, 

^ratcsque  micant  pellce,  micat  aureus  enfis, 
proves  the  ancient  ufe  of  brafs  fwords;  but  what  goes  beyond  all 
i&  the  vati  number  of  fuch  fort  of  arms  found  in  Italy  itfelf,  and 
preferved. ia.the  cabinets  of  virtuofi  there;  but  admitting' that  the 
legionary  foldiers  in  the  Roman  armies  did  not  make  ufe  of  brafs 
arras,  yet  this  will  not  prove  the  Roman  auxiliaries  followed  the 
fame  cuftora.  On  the  contrary  it  would  feem  even  in  the  days  of 
Tacitus  that  iron  was  little  known  to  the  Germans,  for  in  his  book 
de  moribus  Gerrnanoruin  he  fays,  ''  Ne  f err  mil  quidem  Juperejl 
^ Jlcut  ex  genere  telorum  coUigitur''''^'' \    and  Fabretti  himfelf  ac- 

*  Yet  within  two  lines  aft^r  Tacitus  tells  us,  that  the  Gennaiis    "    Haftas  vel  ipforum  vocabulo 
*'  Frameas  gerutit  augufto  ts'  bre'ui  ferro,    fed  ita  acvi  &  ad  ufum  habili,   ut  eodem  tclo  vel  coniinri  • 
**  vtl  eminus  pugnent,''    R.  G. 

knowlcdees- 


i:8  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

knowledges  that  the  Lufitani  made  life  of  brafs  npoii  their  fpear 
j)oints,  according  to  the  account  Strabo  has  given;  but  as  to  the 
points  of  fpears,  there  is  no  need  of  quotations  from  ancient  au- 
thors ;  for  the  Germans  have  in  aU  ages  made  fuch  of  brafs,  and 
even  many  of  them  to  this  day.  In  fliort,  I  beheve  you  and  1 
may  agree  in  this,  that  brafs  arms  were  feldom  nfed  by  the  Romans 
after  Trajan's  time,  but  that  before  it  both  this  people  and  their 
auxilaries  made  frequent  ufe  of  fuch.  I  fliall  only  add,  that  if  your 
opinion  were  univerfally  to  take  place,  it  would  prove  too  much, 
viz.  that  there  are  no  Roman  arms,  at  leaft  fwords  or  points  of 
fpears,  extant  in  the  world;  for  if  they  had  been  all  of  iron,  they 
had  been  many  ages  ago  confumed  by  ruft.  The  Romans,  no 
doubt,  preferred  iron  arms  to  brafs,  for  their  edge  and  hardnefs; 
yet  they  underftood  likewife  to  temper  brafs  to  the  fame  confidence, 
and  particularly  valued  the  eternity  of  it,  if  I  may  fo  fpeak  of  this; 
metal ;  hence  it  is  that  Horace  fays  poetically, 

Exegi  monumentiwt  are  perenmm»  '■ 

As  to  the  Linum  Jsbe/iinumf  I  know  very  well  what  Pliny  has 
faidof  it.  Lib.  xvii.  c.  i.  and  that  Elianus  Cardanus,  Scaliger,  A. 
Kircher,  Aldrovandus,  and  feveral  others,  have  faid  the  fame :  but 
I  humbly  conceive  they  have  taken  up  this  notion  without  further 
enquiry.  That  there  is  fuch  a  linum,  and  even  napkins  made  of 
it  is  certain,  and  that  it  will  refift  moderate  heat ;  but  there  is 
very  little  evidence  that  it  ever  fliould  endure  the  flames  of  a  rogus. 
For  the  fame  father  Kircher  obferves*,  that  the  Martyr  St.  George 
being  hid  or  wrapt  in  it,  the  fire  confumed  it,  but  preferved  the 
body  of  the  faint ;  and  this  he  afcribes  to  a  miracle.  Stranga  force 
of  creckility  I  for  this  efFe(5lually  deftroys  his  notion  about  the  in- 
combuftible  nature  of  this  linum.  If  I  remember  right,  Aldro- 
vandus, Lib.  viii.  de  metall.  fpeaking  of  the  Asbejlos,,  tells  the  fame 

*  Lib.  viii.  §  3. 

flory; 


S  I  11     T  O  H  N     CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 


229 


ftory;  Co  that,  if  we  are  pcrfuaded  of  the  credulity  of  Pliny  ia 
an  liundred  inrtances,  and  the  fuperllition  of  thefe  two  lall:  men- 
tioned, we  fliall  have  but  a  weak  foundation  to  eftablifli  the  ufe 
of  this  Umtm  in  the  ancient  funerals.  I  cannot  in  the  mean  time 
doubt  of  its  property  to  refill  humidity,  and  fometimes  it  might  be 
ufed  for  wrapping  up  the  allies  of  the  dead;  and  I  do  believe  Pliny 
and  others  before  him  took  their  grounds  from  this  to  afcribe  a 
greater  Ihare  of  durability  to  it  than  it  naturally  had. 

You  are  pleafed  to  alk  me  a  queftion  why  might  not  the  North- 
ern nations  bring  this  cuftom  of  burying  the  dead  from  the  Eafb, 
as  well-as  receive  it  afterwards  from  the  Greeks.  Pollibly  they 
might  do  io  ;  but  it  is  more  probable  they  learnt  it  from  the  Ger- 
mans their  neighbours,  or  perhaps  from  the  Gauls,  and  both  thefe 
from  the  Greeks,  in  the  manner  I  have  narrated  in  my  former 
letters*. 

I  thank  you  kindly  for  the  infcriptions  t  you  have  communicat- 
ed to  me.  I  agree  wdth  you  perfedly  in  the  reading,  but  the  letter  / 
would  take  it  rather  for  an  infcription  of  a  cohort  Delmataruni 
than  Hifpanoru}}2',  the  Dalmatians  and  other  people  borderino-  on 
Greece  fpoke  a  dialedt  of  Greek,  and  ufed  the  alphabet  of  that  lan- 
guage, whence  came  a  mixture  of  Greek  and  Latin  letters.  I  had 
occafion  to  obferve  much  the  fame  thing  in  other  infcriptions, 
and  have  been  of  opinion,  that  irom  federal  made  by  the  auxili- 
ary troops  the  intire  alphabet  might  be  found  out.  This  opinion 
of  mine  took  its  rife  from  an  infcription  in  this  country  of  a 
Cohors  Batavorum^  where  there  are  letters  that  have  no  refem- 
blance  to  thofe  ufed  by  the  Greeks  or  Romans.  They  appear  to  me 
to  be  Gothic  or  Pvunic];,  which,  as  I  hinted  in  one  of  my  former 
letters,  were  of  very  great  antiquity,  and  the  fame  probably  which 
the  ancient  Germans  ufed  in  the  time  of  the  Romans. 

•■*  Gordon's  Itin.  Sept.  p.  81.  f  lb.  183, 

X  lb.  1^8. 

H  h  That 


£3o  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.     GALE. 

That  part  of  your  infcription  Legio  Decima  Fratenjis  is  by  you 
very  well  underftood,  but,  by  the  bye,  puts  me  in  mind  of  the 
Legio  Ferrata^  fo  called  becaiife  all  the  fokliers  in  it  were  armed 
with  weapons  of  iron  '•■,  and  I  take  it  to  diftinguifli  them  from  other 
legions  where  the  foldicrs  were  armed  moftly  with  brafs.  This 
is  a  fort  of  evidence  that  even  in  thole  days,  as  I  faid  before,  fome 
fokliers  made  ufe  of  arms  of  brafs +  , 

I  fhall  now  ftop  at  giving  you  any  farther  trouble,  after  having 
added  a  few  things  about  the  etymology  of  our  capital  Edenbrough. 
Your  derivation  of  its  name  from  the  ancient  Britifli  word  j4de?i  and 
Eden  is  indeed  agreeable  to  Camden's  opinion,  but  our  Highland 
antiquarians  call  the  city  Du}i  Eden^  and  fay  that  Edean  fignifies 
defence.  Dun  Eden  then  is  the  hill  of  defenceX.  All  we  can  do 
in  fuch  etymology  is  but  guefs-work;  but  it  is  probable  that  this 
place  did  not  take  its  name  from  Jla  a  wing  of  horfe;  for  many 
other  places  in  Britain  are  as  much  intitled  to  this  name,  or  rather 
more;  becaufe  the  high  and  rocky  fituation  made  it  an  improper 
place  for  horfe;  nor  do  I  think  it  is  more  intitled  than  other  places 
to  the  name  of  the  zvinged  camp  from  the  Greek  zf]£^u)iACijo(,  asCam- 
iikewife  fancies,  becaufe  no  fuch  lingularities  appear ||.  My 
former  conjedlure  proceeded  only  from  the  infcription  on  the 
altar  found  at  Gramond,  four  miles  from  this  place;  but  I  am 
very  far  from  laying  more  weight  on  it  than  it  -^vill  bear.  No 
notions  of  mine  fhall  be  dogmatic  in  oppolition  to  yours. 

As  to  your  former  infcription  from  Hexharn,  it  is  evident 
the  artificer  has  been  very  unfuccefsfui,  and  that  his  chefil  has 
Hammered  into-  more  fyllables  than  were  neceifary  in  the  word 

*  Gratis  duTum.     R .  Gv 

f  This  would  prove  too  miu;h,  viz.  thr^t  all  the  other  legions  except  ths  ffrrata  wore  arms  oi 
brafs. 

\  Edean  a  receptable.     V.  Lluyd's  Iiifh  Englifh  Diftionary,. 
II  V.  Gordon's  Itin.  Sept.  p.  i8o, 
\  lb.. p.  n6.  1 7  J.  i3o,. 

CorionO'- 


SIR    JOHN    C  L  E  R  K    TO    M  R.    GALE.  231 

Corionotataruni'.  I  humbly  think  it  ought  to  have  been  Coriata- 
RUM,  and  that  the  people  of  Corchefter  were  called  Coriatc-c^  us  the 
Spartans  of  old  were  called  Spartiatt^f  I.noip1inJ(x.(f  much  ufed  by 
Herodotus. 


LXVIL 

Another  Utter  from  Sir  Joikv  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  on  tiie  fame 

fubje6t» 

Edcnburgh, 
Apul  1 5,  1726. 

I  received  this  moment  the  honour  of  youi'S  of  the  9th  inllant, 
and  at  the  fame  time  one  from  Mr.  Gordon,  wherein  he  tells  me, 
that  he  had  laid  afide  all  thoughts  of  inferting  our  letters  in  his  ap- 
pendix, and  that  he  was  only  to  take  the  fubllance  of  them  in  his 
own  way :   this  piece  of  news  pleafes  me  extremely,  and  I  hope 
you  will  keep  him  to  his  word.     Two  polls  ago  I  did  myfelf  the 
honour  to  write  to  you,  and  among  other  things  took  fome  notice 
of  the  Amiantus,  without  feeing  occalion  to  change  my  former 
opinion.      The  laft  paragraph  of  Billiop  Hadrian's  letter  to  Fa- 
ther Monfaucon  did  not  efcape   me  even  at  my  writing  my  fe- 
cond  letter  to  you  ;   yet  I  afTerted,  the  good  bifliop  had  not  made  a 
due  experiment,  that  the  cloth  he  faw  was  incombuflible.      I  have 
feen  many  experiments  made  of  the  Liiium  JsheJl'DUim^  I  know 
very  well  that  it  will  refift  a  flow  heat,  but  this  will  not  i)rove  that 
it  will  refift  a  ftrong  one  and  be  incombuftible,  as  the  bifliop  fan- 
cied: I  can  affure  you  from  very  good  grounds,  that  it  cannot  ftand 
a  ftrong  fire,  and  far  lefs  the  one  of  a  Roman  rogus^      You  will  be 
pleafed  to  confider,  that  even  that  letter  labours  under  a  very  great 
defed;,  which  is,  that  the  whole  cineres  of  a  human  body  were  not 

II  k  a  found 


232  MR.     R,     GALE    TO    SIR    JOHN    C  L  E  P.  K. 

found  in  the  cloth,  as  they  mufthave  been  if  it  really  had  been  iifed 
in  the  manner  the  bifhop  apprehends.  In  the  next  place,  from  the 
carving  of  the  Sarcophagus,  he  afferts  its  antiquity  to  be  about  the 
time  of  Conftantine ;  and  yet  you  know  that  in  the  days  of  Pliny 
fuch  cloth  was  extremely  rare;  nor  do  we  find  that  any  cineres  of 
the  Roman  emperors  have  been  preferved  in  fuch ;  on  the  contrary,, 
there  are  great  prefumptions  that  it  was  not  ufed  on  the  occafion  t. 
but  thefe  obfervations  are  not  worth  your  trouble.  I  am,  Sir^. 
yours,  &c.  John  Glerk^ 


LXVIIT.. 

Mr.  R.  Gale's  anfwer  to  Sir  John  Clerk,  on  Brafs  and  Iron  ArmSj, 

Liniim  Asbejlmufiiy  &:c.. 

April  :6,  1726. 

That  I  might  give  you  as  little  trouble  as  poffible,  I  deferred: 
my  thanks  for  yours  of  the  7th  inftant,  till  I  fliould  receive  your 
anfwer  to  my  lall:;  ?-nd  then  I  took  a  few  days  more  till  I  might 
lee  Mr.  Gordon's  book  out  of  pre  is,  which  I  got  lafl  night;  I  won- 
der he  Ihould  tell  you.  that  he  ha^d  laid  afide  all  thoughts  of  pub- 
lifliing  our  letters  in  his  appendix,  and  that  he  would  only  take 
the  fubftance  of  them  in  his  own  way  :  he  has  not  indeed  inferted 
them  intire,  but  the  abftracl  is  exaflly  in  the  words  they  were 
written,  the  form  of  a  letter  obferved,  and  only  fome  palTages  not 
relating  to  the  fubje<5t  curtailed.  I  little  thought  that  mine  would 
ever  appear  in  print  when  I  wrote  them  ;  but  after  he  had  aiTured 
me  that  you  had  given  him  leave  to  grace  his  book  with  yours,  I 
could  not  well  refufe  him  mine,  fuch  as  they  are,  fince  that  would 
have  been  to  have  rendered  yours  in  fome  meafure  imperfeft,  and 
fcveral  paffages  in  them  obfcurc. 

Fungo}'! 


MR.    R.    GALE    TO    SIR.    JOHN     CLERK.        z 


jo 


Fun  "-or  vice  coin  aciitum 
Reddere  qiidi  ferrum  valet  expers  ipfa  fecandi. 
As  the  letters  he  has  publiilied  carry  no  names,  it  is  n(jt  every  body 
that  will  know  their  authors. 

The  paffage  in  your  firft  letter  about  Eumencs  is  jirctty  well 
redtified,  by  mentioning  in  general  terms  the  interment  of  the 
Greeks  killed  at  Thermopylae,  and  their  commanders  names;  but  he 
has  ftill  unfortunately  left  in  it  the  circumltance  of  burning  the 
bodies  with  the  doors  and  windows  of  the  neighbouring  houfes, 
tho'  I  informed  him  of  the  flip,  and  he  had  promifed  me  it  fliould 
be  altered;  I.  believe  the  printers  have  been  to  blame  in  it,  as  he 
alledges  they  are  certainly  the  moft  negligent  intradlable  fort  of 
men  that  one  can  deal  with  ;  it  ftands  however  in  fuch  a  light  at 
prefent  that  every  body  will  not  obferve  it.  You  \\'\\\  allow  that 
I  can  form  but  a  very  fliort  judgement  from  a  very  tranfitory  view 
of  one  evening  upon  the  book;  but  fo  far  I  may  go  as  to  tell  you 
it  has  the  appearance  of  a  beautiful  work  performed  with  a  great 
deal  of  induftry,  tho'  not  without  its  miftakes,  which  indeed  are 
Icarcely  to  be  avoided  in  a  treatifc  of  that  nature;  and  fome  may 
think  thofe  I  take  to  be  fo  are  not  miftakes. 

If  you  pleafe  to  review  mine  of  March  24,  you  will  fee  that  I 
do  not  affirm  the  Romans  never  m-ade  ufe  of  brafs  arms  ;  but  that 
the  Roman  authors  never  mention  the  ufe  of  tliem.  among  thein, 
and  that  they  knew  ho\V  much  iron  was  preferable  for  all  pur- 
pofes  before  they  fet  foot  in  this  iiland,  infomijch  that  it  is  ftrange 
to  me  how  any  body  can  imagine  that  tlie  btazen  w^eapons  found 
fo  frequently  here  did  belong  to  them.  It  cannot  be  doubted  that 
in  the  earliefh  times  of  their  kingdom  and  commonwealth  the 
ufe  and  manufactory  of  iron  could  not  be  fo  well  known  and  un- 
derftood  by  them  as  afterwards,  and  brafs  being  "more  traiflable 
was  the  metal  moll:  in  vogue,  as  it  was  among  the  ancient  Greeks, 
which,  yours  and  a  hundred  other  quotations  that  may  be  made  do 

fully 


234  M  R.    G  A  L  E      T  O     S  I  R    J  O  H  N    C  L  E  R  K. 

fully  demonllrate;  but  I  muft  beg  leave  to  fay,  that  all  of  them  to- 
gether do  not  prove  that  it  was  generally  in  ufe  with  the  Roman 
fokliery  fo  late  as  their  firii:  invalion  of  Britain;  for,  if  we  allow- 
that  Virgil  fpoke  literally  true  and  without  poetical  licenfe  when 
he  fays 

Aerataque  micant  pelta^  7nicat  areus  enjis, 
it  can  amount  to  no  more  than  that  the  inhabitants  of  Italy  iifed 
brazen  arms  when  vEneas  landed  there,  and  nobody  difputes  their 
iile  at  that   time.      The  Roman   auxiliaries  moft  certainly    ufed 
brazen  weapons  if  levied  in  a  country  where  brafs  was  in  ufe; 
and  hence  indeed  we  may  account  for  fuch  being  found  fometimes 
in  our  tumuli  *.      What  Tacitus  means  when  he  fiys  of  the  Ger- 
mans, iicc  ferrum  quidem  fuperejl^  ficut  ex  genere  telortuii  coliigitur, 
wants  a  little. explanation,  lince  he  tells  us  almoft  in  the  next  line, 
that  Frameas  gerunt  angiijlo  et  brevi  ferro  fed  acri  et  ad  ujum  ha- 
bili)  ^c. ;  and  from  Gaefart  we  are  informed,  that  the  Britains  had 
the  ufe  of  iron  tho'  it  was  not  very  plentifully  found  in  this  iiland, 
and  it  is  not  improbable  they  had  then  the  art  of  forging  it,  becaufe, 
as  he  fays  it  was  produced  here,  but  brafs  imported.    That  the  de* 
fenfive  armour  of  the  Romans,  their  Cajjides,  Scuta^  lances,  8cc.  were 
of  brafs,  cannot  be  denied;   the  reafonof  which  may  be,  that  it  is 
much  more  fufible  then  iron,  and  confequently  fitter  for  all  forts 
of  call  work,  as  helmets,  fnields,  breall-plates,   and  the  roftra  of 
Ihips :  it  is  even  a  queftion  whether  they  knew  how  to  run  iron 
or  not.  h"on  was  much  properer  for  all  malleable  work,  as  fwords, 
and  fpear  heads,  and  therefore  I  believe  the  Leg'w  Ferrata  had  its 
name  rather  from  being  covered  with  iron  armour  than  armed  with 

*  Molrnyc  (Travels  II.  Tab.  xxxiv.  3.)  gives  us  the  figure  of  a  brafs  fword  exac'lly  like  thofe 
/ound  in  Britain,  and  genenilly  affirmed  to  be  Roman.  P.  239  he  fays  it  was  found  in  the  old  tombs 
at  Brau/al/hccd,  where  the  battle  was  fought,  A.  D.  395.  (p.  237)  by  which  it  appears  tliey  were 
Danifli  and  (iotliic,  the  Romans  having  never  been  in  Swedehind, 

t  Ji.  C.  V.  10. 

3  iron 


MR.    GALE    TO    SIR    JOHN     CLERK.  235 

iron  weapons,  and  will  not  conclude  too  much  if  we  fuppofe  this 
legion  was  the  only  legion  that  entirely  ufed  iron  weapons.  Brafs 
indeed  was  not  fo  liable  to  ruft  and  corruption;  but  the  preicnt 
lervice  and  convenience  of  oiFenfive  arms  was  certainly  more  re- 
garded than  their  future  duration,  for  the  Roman  pilsiim  was  To 
contrived  that  it  iliould  never  be  ufed  a  fecond  time. 

What  I  have  find  upon  this  fubjeit,  I  think,  will  reconcile  our 
amicable  difpute  ;  and  I  hope  we  fliall  never  have  any  that  is  not 
perfedlly  lo.  Before  I  wholly  leave  it,  permit  me  to  go  back  once- 
more  to  your  firft  letter. 

I  am  inclined  to  think  the  inftrument  like  the  head  of  a  fpear 
found  in  the  firft  barrow  you  mention*  was  a  facrificing  knife  as 
well  for  the  reafon  you  gave,  as  that  Secefpitam,  fays  Fejlus,  alii 
fecurim^  alii  dolabrain  aineam,  alii  ciiltellum  putanti,  the  latter 
of  which  I  take  yours  to  be,  for  the  Cultellus  may  have  been 
cereus  as  well  as  the  Dolabra.  Brafs  was  always  looked  upon  as  a 
facred  metal ;  and  that  it  was  particularly  ufed  in  facrifices  appears 
from  Monfaucon,  T.  ii.  c.  6.  The  other  inftrument  1  caunot 
doubt  was  a  Stylus,  from  your  defcription  of  it  and  its  cafe  and 
no  Extifpicium,  becaufe  w^e  are  expreflly  told  that  the  Extafcrrco- 
cultro  riniabantiirX. 

We  are  entirely  agreed  upon  the  Liiium  Asbeflinum\  onlv  I 
would  take  notice,  as  a  farther  confirmation  of  your  and  my  {it.w- 
timents,  that  Pliny  does  not  in  the  leaft  intimate  that  the  Romans 
were  burnt  in  it ;  his  expreffion  Regum  inde  jiinebres  tunica,  Sec 
fixing  the  xSo,  of  it  to  the  burning  of  the  kings  of  the  country 
where  it  was  found. 

Your  conje6lure  about  the  lliape  of  the  letter  L  jL  in  the  laft 
fiifcription  I  fent  you  is  wonderfully  ingenious;  and  I  fiiould  moft 


*  Gordon's  Itin.  p.  171. 

•»-  Rofini  Ant.  Rom.  HI.  32. 

\  Buleiiger.de  Sortibus  I.  6.     DuChoul  de  religione  Rom.  p.. 262,. 


ueadily 


236  S  I  11    JOHN     CLERK    TO     MR.    G  A  L  E, 

readily  acknowledge  that  it  might  been  taken  from  the  Dalmatian 
alphabet,  and  of  near  affinity  to  the  Greek;  but  that  is  found  alfo 
in  the  other  infcription  I  fent  you  of  Calpurnius  Agricola,  where 
"there  is  no  mention  of  Dalmatia ;  and  v/hat  is  more,  I  have, 
fmce  I  wrote  to  you,  accidentally  met  with  a  copy  of  the  Elen- 
borough  infcription,  where  the  tranfcriber  has  plainly  Ihewn  the 
letters  in  queftion  to  have  been  H  I  S  P.  As  1  am  fure  he  had 
never  heard  of  my  conjecture,  nor  I  feen  his  copy,  I  cannot  but 
think  hi^  writing  them  fo  is  wholly  owing  to  his  greater  fiigacity 
and  accuracy  in  reading  the  infcription,  then  that  of  the  firft 
copy  ill. 

I  thought  the  caftle  of  Edenborough  rather  owed  its  name  of 
Cajirmn  Alatum  to  a  figurative  expreffion  of  its  lofty  fituation, 
then  to  any  thing  of  horfe  quartered  there,  for  which  purpofe  I 
am  well  apprized  how  vmfit  it  is ;  and  that  the  'nf}Y]pu:[Aocja  of  Cam- 
den are  all  imaginary :  therefore  1  acknowledge  your  conjecflures 
for  placing  this  Cqflriim  Alatum  at  Cramond  to  be  very  ftrong, 
tho'  not  decifive;  for  Cramond  being  at  fo  fmall  a  diftance  from 
Edenborough,  why  might  not  fome  commander  of  the  I'ungri 
quartered  at  Edenborough  have  a  country  retirement  at  Cramond, 
and  ereit  this  altar*  to  the  goddefles  of  the  town  and  country,  and 
fo  Cojlnmi  Alatum  IHII  continue  at  Edenborough,  the  infcription 
including  both,  and  diftinguifliing  them?  I  wiHi  the  three  lall:  lines 
had  efcaped  a  little  more  perfe6t  then  they  are  reprefented  by  Mr. 
Gordon ;  but  I  take  this  to  be  more  the  fault  of  devouring  time 
^han  his. 

*  See  this  altar  In  Gordon's  Itin,  Sept,  ii6. 


LXIX. 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    R.    GALE.  2^7 


LXIX. 

Sir  John  Clerk's  anfwer  to  the  preceding  letter. 


Pennycuick, 
June  2,   i7ii. 


I  had  acknowledged  your  favour  of  the  26th  of  April,  but  de- 
layed giving  myfelf  that  pleafure  till  I  fliould  fee  Mr.  Gordon's 
book.   I  have  now  feen  it ;   and  becaufe  the  laft  part  concerns  me 
moll:,  I  cannot  help  regretting  to  you  that  Mr.  Gordon  has  not  at 
all  anfwered  my  expedlations  and  the  promife  he  made  me.     I 
was  in  hopes  he  only  would  have  made  ufe  of  the  contents  of  my 
letters  as  his  own,  but  in  place  of  this  I  find  them  not  only  in- 
ferted  at  length,  but  in  a  moft  incorrecSt  way.      I  forelaw  that  this 
would  happen,  amongft  other  inconveniences,  fo  prefTed  him  over 
and  over  again  not  to  meddle  with  them.      I  cannot  now  help  what 
is  done,  but  have  caufed  the  errata  to  be  printed  after  the  appendix 
in  as  many  copies  as  are  to  be  fold  here ;   I  likewife  ordered  the 
printer  to  fend  them  to  Mr.  Gordon,  that  they  might  likewife  be 
inferted  in  other  copies.     No  new  thing  has  been  added,  except 
where  I  fpeak  of  the  I'lnum  asbe/iinum^   I  fay  it  could  not  refift  the 
force  of  the  vehement  fire.     The  bifhop  of  Hadria's  letter  obliged 
me  to  this  caution,  tho'  not  very  neceffary,  for  by  the  very  way 
that  the  honeft  bilhop  tells  his  ftory  it  appears  that  the  cloth  he 
faw  had  never  been  in  a  roguSy  otherwife  all  the  cineres  had  been 
collected,  and  not  a  part  of  them.      If  he  had  made  a  trial,  as  he 
fays,  of  its  combuftible  quality,  it  was  only  in  an  Italian  fire,  and 
not  on  a  heap  of  wood  expofed  to  the  wind,  and  fufficient  to  melt 
iron  itfelf.     I  fliall  only  add,  by  the  bye,  that  all  he  proves  is  that 

I  i  this 


233  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    R.    GALE. 

this  cloth  could  refill  humidity,  and  after  a  decent  manner  in  a 
tomb  or  an  vu"n  preferve  the  c'meres  of  the  dead. 

To  return  to  Mr.  Gordon  ;  tho'  he  had  done  me  a  great  kindnefs 
not  to  put  me  fo  much  in  his  records,  yet  I  am  obliged  to  forgive 
him,  for  1  dare  fay  he  had  my  credit  no  lefs  in  view  than  his  own. 
As  to  the  errata,  I  muil  impute  them  to  my  own  bad  hand  and 
way  of  writing,  with  which  I  doubt  you  are  fcarcely  acquainted  as 
yet.  As  to  the  reft  of  Mr.  Gordon's  book,  it  is  really  a  book  above 
my  expedlation,  and  might  have  pleafed  every  body  had  he  been 
lefs  precipitate  in  publiihing  it.  I  was  not  wanting  in  giving 
him  Horace's  advice. 

—  Nomimque  prematur  in  annum : 
Membranis  intus  pofitis  delere  licehit 
^od  non  edideris,  nejcit  vox  inijja  reverti. 
But  poffibly  he  has  done  better,  if  he  has  acquired  by  it  new  and 
able  friends  to  get  him  put  in  a  new  way  of  living.  I  cannot  omit 
making  fome  apology  for  him  in  relation  to  what  he  fays  of  the 
fpeech  of  Galgacus,  p.  1 36.  I  once  endeavoured  to  perfuade  him 
that  it  was  only  a  fi6lion  of  Tacitus  conformable  to  a  liberty 
among  hiftorians,  and  that  there  was  no  reafoning  from  any  thing 
contained  in  it  to  the  advantage  either  of  Galgacus  or  his  Cale- 
donians: but  Mr.  Gordon's  high  refpe6t  for  his  country  hath  car- 
ried him  too  far,  and  made  him  omit  a  fort  of  laudable  fault. 
There  are  other  inftances  of  this  infirmity  in  p.  [37  ;  but  his 
bufinefs  as  an  antiquarian  will  atone  for  all :  the  beft  that  could 
have  been  faid  for  the  Caledonians  was,  that  though  they  had 
been  conquered,  yet  the  Romans  could  not  retain  their  conquefts. 
1  am,  I  confefs,  of  the  opinion  of  forae  learned  men,  that  it  is  a 
reprop.ch  to  a  nation  to  have  refifted  the  humanity  which  the  Ro- 
mans laboured  to  introduce.  As  to  the  reft  of  Mr.  Gordon's  book, 
Vbi  plura  nitent — non  ego  paucis  offendar  macuUs. 

I  re- 


1'^ 

o 

J' 

< 

_1 

-     i 

^ 

> 

J 

o 
a, 

Q 

< 

,''f 

*-'     >■ 

L" 

S  I  R  ^  J  O  H  N    G  L  E  R  K    TO    MR.    R.     GALE. 


?39 


I  return  you  many  thanks  for  the  account  you  fent  me  of  the  So- 
ciety *.  1  wifli  it  were  ftill  under  a  greater  encouragement ;  a  little 
of  the  Royal  bounty  and  favour  would  be  of  fingular  ufe  to  it, 
but  it  will  be  hard  perfuading  a  true  courtier  that  there  is  any 
thing  in  the  fludy  of  antiquities  above  other  trifling  fludies ;  and 
yet  it  may  be  demonftrated  that  nothing  will  tend  more  to  promote 
true  Britifli  fpirits  in  the  love  of  this  country,  liberty,  and  glory. 
One  mull:  be  of  a  very  abjedt  frame  of  foul  who  cannot  receive 
any  impreffions  of  this  kind  from  the  fentiments  or  valiant  adtions 
of  the  Greeks  and  Romans.  We  fee  what  ufe  the  learned  bifliop 
of  Cambray  made  of  his  knowledge  of  the  ancients  to  form  the 
mind  of  a  prince.  What  are  the  heroes  of  antiquity  but  fo  many 
models  by  which  we  may  fquare  our  lives  and  a6tions  ? 

I  am  pleafed  to  find  by  yours  that  you  do  not  altogether  difap- 
prove  of  my  notion  as  to  the  ancient  alphabets.  I  cannot  indeed 
infill  on  the  letter  ^  in  your  defcriptions  as  being  of  a  Greek 
original ;  but  nothing  is  more  certain  than  that  the  Roman  auxi- 
liaries did  fometimes  ufe  their  own  letters.  I  got  lately  a  piece  of 
a  ftone  with  thefe  letters  CO]?,  BAT;  which,  no  doubt,  is  Cohors 
Batavoriim :  there  are  other  letters  upon  it,  but  not  to  be  read. 
The  flone  has  been  at  firfi:  a  fquare,  and  above  two  inches  thick. 
The  piece  I  have  is  about  eight  inches  long  and  of  this  fliape  [See 
plate  VI.  fig.  I.].  The  J?  and  L  are  remarkable,  being  plainly 
Gothic.  To  return  to  your  letter  L,  you  have  very  good  reafon  to 
think  it  was  ufed  about  the  time  of  Marcus  Avirelius;  however,  I 
may  fafely  pronounce  it  never  was  a  true  Roman  letter,  for  no  in- 
fcription  at  Rome  ever  contained  it.  All  the  ancient  manufcripts 
abroad,  I  mean  thofe  known  before  the  5th  and  6th  century, 
have  the  letter  L  uniformly  written,    as  you  will  obferve  from 

*  Of  Antiq.uaries;  priated  in  the  Preface  or  Memoirs  of  the  Gales,  p.  xiv.  xv.  note. 

I  I  2  Mabilhn 


240  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    R.    GALE. 

Mibillon  de  re  diplomatic d\  wherefore  we  muft,  as  I  fay,  recur 
to  letters  ufed  among  the  auxiliary  troops.  Thefe  have  been 
colleded  by  feveral  writers,  and  the  fame  Mabillon  (p.  347)  has 
given  us  the  old  Gothic  alphabet,  where  the  letter  L  is  plainly 
the  fame  with  yours  in  the  infcription  you  lent  me,  and  it  is  not 
improbable  that  they  took  it  from  the  fame  letter  amongft  the 
Greeks  inverted. 

Since  I  am  upon  this  fubjedV,  I  mufl  acquaint  you  that  there  is  here 

a  clergyman  well  fkilled  in  the  Irilh  or  Highland  language,  who  is 

writing  a  book  to  fhew  that  the  Latin  is  for  the  moft  part  derived 

from  this  language.      However  ridiculous  this  may  feem  at  firft 

fight,  yet  the  clergyman  feems  not  to  want  fome  reafons  for  his 

opinion.      He  proves  in  the  firft  place  that  the  Irifli  language  is 

the  old  Celtic;   that  this  was   the  language  of  the  Gauls;  that 

this  people  fubfifted  in  Italy  long  before  the  Romans,  who  were 

compofed  at  firft  of  feveral  nations,  among  the  reft  of  Gauls,  who 

introduced  many  of  their  words  into  Latin.     I  am  afraid  this 

work  will  be  of  no  edification ;  but  the  poor  man  is  juft  now  fweat- 

ing  upon  it,  and  daily  making  new  difcoveries  for  the  honour  of 

the  ancient  Caledonians. 

I  had  a  letter  from  Dr.  Stukeley  fome  weeks  ago,  written  in  his 
way  with  a  good  deal  of  humour;  he  feems  to  be  ravifhcd  with 
the  profpedl  he  has  of  a  rural  life.  I  beg  leave  to  trouble  you 
with  the  inclofed  to  him.  1  have  left  it  open  for  your  perufal, 
but  in  cafe  this  may  difpleafe  the  do6lor,  you  may  be  fo  kind  as 
to  feal  it  up  before  it  be  fent.  I  am  uncertain  where  to  write 
to  him. 

I  am  always,  with  the  greateft  refpe6t,  dear  Sir,  your  moft 
obedient  fervant,  John  Clerk. 

LXX. 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  241 


LXX. 

Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  with  an  account  of  an  ancient 
Boat  or  Canoe  found  in  the  banks  of  the  river  Caron  in  Scot- 
land. 

Edcnburgh, 
gj^  Juiic  II,  171$. 

Being  returned  to  this  place,  1  could  not  omit  to  acknowledge 
the  civilities  I  received  from  you  in  London :  pleafe  to  accept  the 
teftimony  of  my  gratitude,  and  be  fo  kind  as  to  allow  me  the  con- 
tinuation of  your  friendfhip  and  correfpondence  as  formerly. 

I  flayed  a  day  with  Dr.  Stukeley  at  Grantham.  I  had  not  feea 
him  before ;  you  will  ealily  believe  I  was  furprized  at  his  figure; 
he  had  been  at  work  in  his  garden,  and  never  rural  god  appeared 
fo  rough  and  dirty.  We  foon  grew  acquainted,  and  I  muft  own 
his  company  was  very  entertaining.  It  is  a  pity  he  does  not  meet 
with  fome  public  encouragement ;  he  would  make  an  excellent 
geographer. 

Since  I  am  giving  you  this  trouble,  I  fliall  acquaint  you  with  a, 
very  ancient  curiofity  found  about  eight  miles  from  this  place. 
The  walhings  of  the  river  Caron  difcovered  a  boat,  1 3  or  1 4  feet 
under-ground;  it  is  36  feet  in  length,  and  4^-  in  breadth,  all  of 
one  piece  of  oak.     There  were  feveral  fcrata  above  it,  fuch  as 
loam,  clay,  fliells,  mofs,  fand,  and  gravel;  thefe  ftrata  demon- 
ftrate  it  to  have  been  an  antediluvian  boat.      The  tree  of  which 
it  was  made  was,  no  doubt,  very  big,  but  ftill  no  bigger  than  one 
which  is  yet  alive  not  far  from  that  place  which  is  about   1 2  or 
13  feet  in  diameter;   and  we  have  a  pretty  good  document  from 
an  old  author  who  wrote  the  life  of  Sir  William  Wallace,  a  Scotch 
captain  in  the  time  of  Edward  the  Firft,  that  it  was  an  old  decayed 
tree  at  that  time.  Some 


24i  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    R.    G  ALE. 

Some  fancy  that  this  boat  is  Roman,  becaufe  it  was  found  not 
far  from  Arthur's  Oven,  or  T'emplum  'termini,  but  there  feems  to 
me  no  great  probabiHty  of  this. 

Pleafe  to  give  my  fervice  to  your  brother  and  Mr.  LethieulUer. 
If  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Dr.  Mead,  or  Dr.  Woodward,  want  an  account 
of  this  boat,  let  me  give  you  the  trouble  of  remembering  me  to 
them.     I  am  always,  dear  Sir,  yours,  %z.z. 

John  Clerk. 


Copy  of  the  Newcaftle  News-paper. 

Edinburgh,  May  25.  We  have  an  account  from  Airth,  18 
miles  Weft  of  this  city,  near  to  the  influx  of  the  river  Carron,  of 
a  very  rare  piece  of  antiquity  found  in  the  South  bank  of  the 
Forth,  viz.  a  canoe  of  36  feet  long,  4  feet  broad  in  the  middle,  4 
feet  4  inches  deep,  4  inches  thick  in  the  fides,  all  of  one  piece  of 
folid  oak,  fliarp  at  the  ftem,  and  fquare  at  her  ftern.  The  [river 
wafliing  away  the  banks  difcovered  a  part  of  her;  flie  was  ordered 
to  be  dug  up  by  Mr.  Graham,  judge  admiral,  and  proprietor  of 
the  place.  What  was  difcovered  of  her  was  found  to  be  above 
fifteen  feet  under-ground.  It  is  remarkable,  that  flie  is  finely 
poliflied,  being  perfe6lly  fmooth  on  the  outfide  and  the  infide, 
the  wood  of  an  extraordinary  hardnefs,  and  not  one  knot  in  the 
whole. 


LXXI. 


MR.    GALE    TO    SIR    JOHN    CLERK.  245 


LXXL 

Mr.  Gale's  anfwer  to  Sir  John  Clerk's  letter  concerning  Gordon's 
Itinerary,  Latin  and  Highland  Languages,  ]>rafs  VelTels  and 
Chiliels  found  at  Alnwick  in  Northumberland. 

London, 
June  24,  172G. 

Though  there  is  nobody  more  ambitious  of  maintaining  a  cor- 
refpondence  with  Sir  John  Clerk  than  myfelf,  yet  I  cannot  but 
confels  no  one  has  lefs  reaibn  to  complain   that  the  returns  you- 
make  are  too  flow,  fince  I  am  convinced  they  are  as  frequent  as 
the  weighty  affairs  you  are  engaged  in  will  permit,  and  that  I- 
cannot  help  being  as  tardy  myfelf;  the  nature  of  my  employment 
requiring  a  continual  attendance  without  vacation  or  abfence  from; 
it,  except  when  we  are  now  and  then  favoured  with  a  holiday, 
which  is  all  the  time  I  have  to  enjoy  my  friends  and  my  fludies  ;, 
and  were  it  not  for  the  very  fame  reafons  you  give  Mr.  Stukeley 
why  you  cannot  enjoy  and  indulge  yourfelf  in  that  otiiim  honejliim 
we  all  fo  much  defire,  Ifliould  long  ago,  as  I  believe,  have  retired 
from  the  noife  and  hurry  of  this  town,  as  he  has  done  now  the  fe-- 
cond  time;    and  I  fancy  have  continued  in  it  with  a  ftronger  re- 
folution  than  I  expert  to  find  he  will  do.     He  never  favoured  me 
with  a  fight  of  his  tranflation  of  Sappho's  ode,  therefore  I  can  fay 
nothing  to   it;   butj  by  comparing  the   original  with   the  fliort 
critique  that  you  fent  him  upon  his  vcrfion  of  it,  your  obfervations 
feem  to  be  extremely  juft.     He  was  retreated  to  his  cell  at  Grant- 
ham before  the  receipt  of  yours  for  him  ;  fo  I  fent  it  after  him  by 
the  firflr  pod. 

By  what  Mr.  Gordon  had  faid  to  me,  I  concluded  he  had  your 
free  leave  to  publifli  your  letters,  otherwife  fiiould  by  no  means  have 
parted  with  them  to  him,  much  lefs  have  fuffered  my  crude  and 

hafty 


444-  MR.    GALE    TO    SIR    JOHN    CLERK. 

hafly  anfwers  to  have  attended  them  into  the  world,  had  not  the 
15rinting  of  yours  indifpenfably  required  it.     The  errors  you  com- 
plain of  muft  be  wholly  imputed  to  the  ftupidity  and  perverfenefs 
of  the  printers.    I  corre6ted  the  fheets  myfelf  with  all  the  care  I 
could ;   and  finding,  when  the  book  was  finifl'ied,  moft  of  their 
faults  ftill  left,  I  perfuaded  Mr.  Gordon  to  ttop  the  publication  of 
it  for  a  week,  whilil  thofe  flieets  might  be  once  more  corrected  and 
reprinted,  which  he  did;  but  then  returning  from  the  prefs  with 
fome  of  the  old  errata  fet  right  and  new  ones  added  in  their  room, 
ftop  them  again  he  could  not,  having  engaged  a  fecond  time  in  the 
publick  prints  to  deliver  them  at  a  certain  day  to  his  fubfcribers ; 
which  promife  having  broke,  upon  pretence  the  map  was  not 
ready  (though  the  delay  in  reality  was  only  to  reprint  the  afore- 
mentioned fheets),  he  thought  he  could  by  no  means  excufe  ano- 
ther  non-performance   of  his    engagements.     I  offered  him  to 
perufe  every  Iheet  of  the  whole  book  as  it  came  out  of  the  prefs, 
for  which  he  feemed  very  thankful,  but  never  fent  me  one  except 
thofe  of  the  Appendix  containing  our  letters.     I  wifli  it  was  not 
his,  being  perfuaded  that  he  was  perfectly  right  in  all  his  notions 
which  occafioned  it,  though  you  fee  as  well  as  myfelf  that  he  is 
not  clear  of  miftakes;   to  which  I  mult  add,    an  impatience  of 
getting  the  work  abroad  upon  the  profpeft  of  getting  a  little  money 
by  it,  his  circumftances,  as  I  believe,  requiring  and  prompting  him 
to  it.      I  hope  alfo  that  it  has  been  a  recommendation  to  him  to 
fome  of  our  great  men  here,  who,  as  he  tells  me,  have  given  him 
fome  reafon  to  expedt  they  will  do  fomething  for  him.      He  may 
urge  in  his  defence  that  ftrong  plea  of  Resangufadomi  for  his  hafty 
publication,  as  he  may  that  other  of  Vincit  amor  Patria^  where 
his  zeal  for  the  honour  of  his  country  has  fometimes  caufed  him 
to  enforce  his  arguments  too  far.      I  cannot  think  it  not  a  fcandal 
for  any  nation  to  have  been  conquered  by  the  Romans,  but  a  great 
misfortune  not  to  have  fubmitted  to  their  arms,   lince  the  con- 

quefts 


MR.    GALE    TO    SIR    JOHN    CLERK. 


245 


quefts  were  fo  far  from  enflaving  tbofe  they  vanquiflied,  that  they 
tended  only  to  the  civihzing  and  improving  their  manners,  reduc- 
ing them  under  the  Roman  laws  and  government  from  their  wild 
and  favage  way  of  life,  intruding  them  in  arts  and  fciences,  and 
looking  upon  them  as  fellow  citizens  and  freemen  of  Rome,  the 
common  mother  of  all  that  had  the  happinefs  to  fall  under  her 
fubjedtion,  and  every  nation  that  was  fubdued  by  her  might  truly 
fay  (lie  was 

F^rlix  adverJiSf  et  forte  opprejjafecundd. 
I  have  nothing  more  to  add  in  relation  to  your  obfervation  of 
the  Roman  alphabets  being  mixed  with  the  letters  ufed  by  their 
auxiliaries,  fubmitting  intirely  to  the  juftnefs  of  that  curious  dif- 
covery.     The  intent  of  your  old  clergyman  is  not  lb  monllrous  in 
my  mind  as  may  firlt  fight  appear  to  a  great  many,  not  that  I 
Uiink.  the  Latin  is  diredly  derived  from  the  old  Highland  lan- 
guage, though  it  may  be  of  fome  kin  to  it.      I  believe  nobody 
queftions   the  Highland  language's   being  a    dialeit  of  the   old 
Britifli,  as  that  was  of  the  Celtick.      We  have  authors  that  find  a 
great  many  words  in  the  Britifli  to  be  very  near  the  fame  in  the 
Hebrew  or  Phoenician  ;  others  difcover  them  in  the  Greek  and  the 
Latin,   and  are  prefently  for  deriving  them  from   that  language 
which  they  fancy  is  moft  for  the  honour  of  their  countrv,  or  they 
chance  to  have  mort  Ikill  in.      The   Welfii  have  that  opinion  of 
the  antiquity  of  their  language,  that  fome  of  them  will  have  it  to 
hQ  the  mother  tongue  of  the  univerfe  and  Ipoken  by  Adam  and 
Eve  in  Paradife;   for  which  they  have  as  much  to  fay  as  Goropius 
Becanus  has  in  behalf  of  his  High  Dutch.      There  are  indeetl  le- 
veral  words  common  in  a  great  many  languages;    the  belt  wav  of 
accounting  for  thefe  agreements  is,  in  my  mind,  that  rhey   liave 
been  retained  and  preferved  from  fome  one   primitive  lai;)guage 
generally  fpoke  before  the  migrations  of  the  feveral   neo  'k.  now 
fpread  over  the  faceof the  whole  earth:   and  it  is  probable,  that. 

K  k  th- 


246  MR.    GALE    TO    SIR    JOHN    CLERK. 

the  colony  which  came  out  of  the  Eaft  into  Europe  fpoke  all  the 
fame  tongue  at  their  fetting  forward  and  firft  arrival,  it  is  no 
wonder  that  fo  many  original  words  are  ftill  to  be  found  in  the 
various  dialedls  proceeding  from  that  primitive  language,  whatever 
it  was,  nearly  agreeing  in  found  and  lignification;  and  as  there  is 
no  denying,  by  the  fmall  fcraps  we  can  flill  pick  up  of  the  old 
Celtick,  that  it  was  the  language  fpoke  through  France,  Italy, 
Britain,  &c.  we  mulf  allow  it  to  have  had  a  great  opportunity  of 
intrudinp-  itfelf  into  the  Latin,  if  it  was  not  the  ";eneral  mother  of 
it.  The  Romans  were  certainly  a  great  medley  of  feveral  diflincSt 
people  at  their  feveral  coalefcence  under  Romulus ;  their  language, 
which  feems  to  have  proceeded  more  from  the  .^-Eolick  Greek, 
would  of  confequence  take  in  abundance  of  new  wor.ls  from  the 
new  comers  to  Rome:  commerce  and  intercourfe  with  other  na- 
tions would  in  procefs  of  time  produce  more.  So  it  muft  have 
lieen  in  tlie  old  Britilli,  in  which,  I  think,  it  is  eafy  to  difcern  what 
words  bearing  a  refemblance  of  the  Latin  they  have  had  from 
the  original  language  they  brought  together  into  Europe,  and 
what  words  they  accjuired  afterwards  from  their  fabje6tion  and 
livingfo  many  years  as  they  uid  in  common  here  with  the  Romans, 
v.liich  are  thofe  chiefly  relating  to  arts  and  improvements,  and  a 
better  v/ay  of  life  under  their  kind  and  inftruilive  conquerors; 
but  the  Irilli  or  Highland  language  muft  have  kept  itfelf  freer  froni 
foreign  additions. 

I  ho[)e  this  gentleman's  book  Mill  make  its  way  to  fome  of  our 
bookfellers  at  London ;  for  though  it  fliould  not  produce  great 
matter  of  edification  it  may  ]HX)ve  to  be  of  fome  amufement, 
and  mull  be  very  bad  indeed  if  nothing  can  learned  from  its 
contents. 

1  had  lately  an  account  from  Alnwick  of  fome  brafs  v/eapons 
found  there  by  a  mafon,  as  he  was  clearing  the  earth  from  a  rock 
about  a  mile  North-Weft  from  that  place,  within  tlic  old  park,  to 

get 


MR.    GALE    TO    SIR    JOHN     CLERK.  247 

get  up  fomc  ftonc.  After  having  dug  about  half  a  yard  deep  in 
the  ground,  he  came  to  20  fword  blades  and  16  fpear  heads,  lyifig 
dole  to  the  top  of  the  rock,  without  any  other  cafe  or  cover  than 
the  foil.  The  Avords  were  exadlly  of  the  fame  Ihape  as  thofe  in 
the  51ft  plate  of  Mr.  Gordon's  book,  N'  2.  3.;  and  17  or  18  in- 
ches long.  Some  of  the  fpears  refembled  N"  4  and  5  in  the  fame, 
but  others  were  broader  and  cut  through,  as  in  plate  V.  hg.  i  •^', 
Digging  about  a  foot  lower  in  the  hill-fide,  he  found  42  brafs 
wedges  or  chizzels,  with  a  ring  near  their  thicker  end,  of  which 
I  doubt  not  you  have  feen  many,  and  fo  need  not  give  any  dclcrip- 
tion  of  them,  but  that  they  are  not  unlike  N"  4  in  Mr.  Gordon's 
50th  plate  f.  How  and  for  what  they  were  ufed  I  will  not  take 
upon  me  to  determine  abfolutcly;  but  by  their  edges,  which  are 
much  broken  and  battered,  they  feem  to  have  been  employed  as 
chizzels  for  cutting  flone.  1  believe  they  put  a  modern  ftaff  in 
the  hollow  end  of  them,  and  fo  drove  them  with  a  mallet  |,  If 
the  foftnefs  of  the  metal,  and  confequently  its  unfitnels  for  fuch 
work  is  objedted,  I  anfwer,  that  when  they  had  not  a  harder,  ne- 
ceflity  would  compel  them  to  ufe  fuch  as  they  had  ;  befides,  moll 
fort  of  ftones  are  foft  of  when  they  lie  bedded  in  and  at  their  firft 
coming  out  of  the  quarry,  that  they  might  make  a  very  good  fliift 
to  cut  it  and  cleave  it  with  their  tools  while  it  was  under  thofe  eafy 
circumftances;  to  which  I  may  add,  that  thefe  brafs  chizzels  are  of 
a  much  harder  temper  than  we  know  how  to  give  that  metal,  as 
are  alfo  their  fwords,  which  are  made  of  it,  and  other  weapons. 

The   fiiaft  when  not  employed  might  be  drawn  out  of  the 
chizels,  and  by  running  a  firing  through  the  ring  on  their  fides 

*   Engiavcd  alfo  in  Arcliaol,  V.  viii.  fig,  35,  16.    Edit. 

•j-  Celts:  engraved  in  fame  ))late,  fig.  4.  Edit. 
'     J  See  Lawrence's  Syllcm  of  Agriculture  and  Gardening,  p.  192.  where  he  mentions  fomc  of  thcfe 
found  in  the  finall  joints  and  crevices  of  the  ftone  in  a  cjuarry  near  Billiop-Weremouth,  which  is  no 
ue;ik  couiirmation  of  niv  conjecture. 

Others  v.ere  found  in  a  quarr)-  in  IMontgomervfliire.     See  Camden's  Britannia  ia  the  additions  to 
CacriKiivon'fliire. 

K  k  2  feveral 


248  MR.    GALE    TO     SIR    JOHN    CLERK. 

fevcral  of  them  might  be  tied  together,  and  conveniently  carried  by 
the  workman  at  his  girdle  or  otherwiic,  and  one  fliaft  lerve  them 
all. 

About  eight  years  ago  near  a  biifhel  of  thefe  were  found  at 
Cave,  upon  the  banks  of  the  Humber  in  Yorkfliire,  under  a  little 
tumulus  by  the  highway  fide;  and,  what  is  very  remarkable, 
every  one  of  them  was  inclofed  in  a  matrix  of  the  fame  metal,  or 
cafe,  fitting  it  lb  exaftly  that  it  feemed  to  be  caft  in  it  ■••■ ;  a'.id  fo  frelli 
and  whole  were  the  edges  of  them  all  as  if  they  had  never  been 

A  little  above  the  place  where  the  fwords  and  fpcars  were  buried 
at  Alnwick,  was  deeply  and  rudely  cut  in  the  rock  11 15,  but  I 
cannot  think  thefe  figures  had  any  relation  to  what  was  found 
])elow.  I  have  had  the  good  fortune  to  get  a  fN\'ord  and  fpear, 
and  three  chizzels,  for  a  crown-piece  t.  The  reit  were  feized  by 
the  duke  of  Somerfet's  fteward,  upon  pretence  of  lecuring  them 
for  his  grace,  but  were  never  lent  to  him. 

So  many  of  thefe  brafs  chizels  have  been  found  in  this  ifland, 
and  fo  few  any  where  elfe,  and  thofe  only  in  France,  that  they 
fccm  almoft  to  have  been  the  peculiar  tools  of  the  Britains;  their 
near  alliance  and  intercourfe  with  the  Gauls  eafily  accounting  why 
thev  have  been  fometimes  difcovered  in  the  ancient  feat  of  the 
latter. 

The  fwords  and  fpear  heads  aforementioned  being  found  fo  near 
thcle  chizzels,  and  of  the  very  fame  metal,  is  an  argument  that 
ihcv  belonged  to  the  fame  people,  which  I  cannot  think  to  have 
been  l"!omans,who,  as  I  formerly  ventured  to  give  you  my  opinion, 
icem  to  have  left  off  the  rife  of  brafs  in  their  weapons  before  their 
arrival  in  this  illand.  The  word  ferrum  much  earlier  than  that 
inne  denoted  in  their  authors  all  manner  of  military  weapdns,  and 

*  Sec  fucli  ill  Arch^ol.  V.  pi.  vii. 

•f  'i't!t  Iwui  d  and  fpear-hend  and  two  of  the  chizzels,  I  prefcnted  to  my  Lord  Hertford. 

was 


MR.    GALE    TO     SIR    JOHN     C  L  E  R  K.  1^9 

was  a  general  name  for  them,  M'hich,  I  think,  is  fome  additiohal 
ftrength  to  my  former  arguments  upon  that  lubjc<51;  but  it  i.s 
high  time  to  aflure  you  that  1  am,  Avith  the  greatell  rcfpc6t  and 
fincerity,  dear  Sir,   your  moft  obedient  liumblc  iervant, 

1\.  Gale. 


LXXH. 
Sir  John  Clerk's  anfwer  to  the  lall  letter, 

Edenburgh, 

Tho'  I  had  the  honour  about  fix  weeks  ago  to  receive  yours  of 
tlie  24th  of  June,  yet  by  fome  accidents  and  the  ordinary  bufinefs 
of  the  court  of  Exchequer  here,  I  have  had  no  opportunity  to  ac- 
knowledge it.  I  return  you  thanks  for  the  account  you  fent  me 
of  the  antiquities  found  at  Alnwick;  their  number  furprized  me 
much:  fome  of  the  fame  kind  have  been  found  here  in  cairns. 
Nothing  in  antiquity  is  more  myfterious  than  the  ufe  of  thofe  in- 
llruments  of  brafs,  which  refemble  fmall  hatchets  or  chizzels.  I 
incline  to  think  them  warlike  inftruments,  as  we  generally  take 
the  ftone  hatchets  to  be.  I  have  three  or  four  of  both  kinds. 
When  they  came  firll  into  my  hands,  I  fet  about  reading  fuch 
accounts  as  had  been  given  them,  and  found  that  one  Mr.  Hearne 
had  taken  a  good  deal  of  j^ains  to  prove  they  were  Roman.  His 
dilfertation  is  printed  in  Motte's  Collecftion  of  the  Tranfa6lions  of 
the  Royal  Society,  Vol.  II.  part  II.  p.  470.;  but  I  cannot  be  of  that 
gentleman's  opinion.  The  Romans  underifood  better  the  expe- 
ditious ways  of  doing  things  than  to  make  ufe  of  fuch  flight  and 
brittle  tools.  We  mull;  then  afcribe  them  to  the  ancient  Britains, 
7  who 


250  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO     MR.    GALE. 

^vho  iifed  inftruments  of  brafs  before  iron  came  to  take  place. 
What  makes  me  judge  they  were  not  chizzels  is,  that  the  Britains 
made  very  httle  ufeof  hewn  ftone*,  and  for  that  reafon  Httle  or 
nothing  of  their  ftone  monuments  does  remain.  It  is  indeed  pro- 
bable they  made  ufe  them  for  repairing  their  highways,  for  all 
luch  inflruments  found  here  were  in  Cairns t,  lituated  in  thofe 
ways;  and  thofe  in  my  poiTeffion  have  induced  me  to  think  that 
our  great  highways  in  Britain  were  not  Roman  but  Britilh;}:.  I 
am  glad  you  have  got  t^ne  of  the  fwords;  I  wifli  I  knew  how  to 
get  one  of  the  fame  kind  from  the  duke  of  Somerfet, 

Mr,  Gordon  is  expelled  here,  with  his  head  full  of  a  project  to 
make  a  communication  between  Clyde  and  Forth  by  a  canal;  when 
J  fee  it  is  probable  he  will  be  lefs  fond  of  it,  for  his  proje(5l  has 
been  thought  of  a  good  many  years  ago,  but  it  has  been  judged 
the  profits  would  not  anfwer  the  charge.  Pardon  this  trouble, 
and  believe  that  I  am  always,  Sir,  your  moft  obedient  humble 
lervant,  John  Clerk. 

*  The  ftones  at  Stonehenge  are  hewn. 

■f   Cairns  nre  burying-places,  nnd  therefore  are  ufiially  fituated  near  highways;  fo  that  fia-Ting 
tools  near  highways  is  merely  accidental. 

I  Q^  How  then  wtrc  they  warhke  inllruments? 


LXXIII. 


MR.     G  A  L;E    to    S  I II    JOHN     C  L  K  R  K.  251 


LXXIII. 
Mr.  R.  Gale's  anfwer  to  the  lail  letter  on  Brafb  Chizzels,  Sec. 

I  ondon, 

I  was  much  rejoiced  at  the  receipt  of  yonrs  lafi  night,  and  tho' 
I  have  Httle  or  nothing  to  make  in  return  of  it,  yet  being  to  leave 
this  place  for  about  three  weeks,  I  could  not  prevail  on  myfelf,  tho' 
in  a  great  hurry,  to  let  it  lye  fo  long  without  fome  fort  of  anfwer. 

I  lately  made  a  ten  days  excuriion  to  wait  upon  my  Lord  Fern- 
broke  at  Wilton,  where  I  found  a  large  addition  of  Ifatues,  bulls, 
and  baffe  relievos  to  what  I  had  i'cen  there  two  years  ago,  and 
his  whole  collecftion  is  without  doubt  not  to  be  paralleled  on  this 
fide  the  Alps. 

In  my  return  I  made  a  trip  to  Marlborough,  where  I  fpent  a  day 
M'ith  Lord  Hertford  and  Lord  Winchelfea;  the  former  alTured  me 
that  he  has  made  all  the  enquiry  he  could  after  the  brafs  inlh-u- 
ments  and  weapons  found  at  Alnwick,  and  pretended  to  have  been 
fent  to  his  father  the  duke  of  Somerfet,  bu  this  grace  had  never 
fo  much  as  heard  of  them;  fo  that,  in  all  probabilitv,  thole  care- 
ful fervants  of  his  that  were  fo  folicitous  to  fecure  them  for  their 
mailer,  ufed  his  name  only  to  procure  them  for  themfelves,  and 
have  fold  them,  and  fquandered  them  away  into  unknown  hands, 
I  mult  own  I  am  more  at  a  lofs  as  to  the  ufe  of  thefe  brafs  chiz- 
zels we  fo  often  find  in  this  ifland,  than  in  moll  other  things;  but 
have  this  comfort  in  my  ignorance,  that  it  has  not  been  pollible  to 
clear  it  up  from  any  thing  1  have  met  with  upon  that  fubjeil.  Mr, 
Hearne,  who  has  wrote  ex  prof  ;l/o  upon  it,  is  not  at  all  fatisfadory 
to  me.    He  is  a  writer,  of  flrong  imagin:ition  in  all  his  writings, 

.    and 


sji  MR.    GALE      TO    SIR    JOHN    CLERK. 

and  much  too  pofitive  in  all  his  afTertions,  drawing  very  flrong 
conclufions  from  weak  pr^miles.  I  don't  know  if  it  is  the  Abridge- 
men  you  have  of  his  Difcourfe  on  this  fubjecSt  by  Motte,  but  in  tiie 
original  publiihed  by  himfelf  in  one  of  his  volumes  of  Leland's 
Itinerary  *',  he  tells  you,  "  That  the  foldiers  upon  the  Columna 
*'  Trajana  are  reprefented  polifliing  the  ftones  for  the  Roman 
*'  camns  in  the  Dacian  wars  w'ith  fuch  forts  of  chizzels  made  of 
"  brafs."  How  he  could  difcover  thefe  chizzels  were  made  of 
brafs,  from  the  prints  he  had  feen  of  that  column,  or  even  from 
the  column  itfelf,  had  he  feen  that,  which  I  am  fure  he  never  did, 
is  not  very  perfpicuous.  I  have  carefully  viewed  the  prints  myfelf, 
and  cannot  find  any  ring  belongs  to  them  he  refers  to  there,  which 
I  look  upon  to  be  an  effential  and  charaderiflic  diftindtion. 

My  Lord  Winchelfea  tells  me  that  one  of  thefe  inlh'uments 
was  lately  found  at  Rome;  but,  as  the  proverb  fays,  one  fwallow 
makes  no  fummer,  fo  that  one  of  thefe  tools  having  been  found 
there  after  fo  many  ages  is  no  ftrong  proof  that  they  were  ufed 
by  the  Romans  for  polilhing  ftone,  or  any  other  purpofe;  but 
may  fcem  rather  to  have  been  brought  to  that  place  by  fome 
of  the  people  that  had  no  better,  or  by  fome  Roman  that  had  been 
in  thefe  parts,  as  a  curiofity.  I  ftill  therefore  conclude  them  to 
have  been  Britifli,  and  though  I  will  not  polltivcly  determine  them 
to  have  been  ufcd  for  the  cutting  and  cleaving  of  ftone  w  hen  it 
was  foft,  yet  I  mutl:  fixy  that  nothing  appears  to  me  more  probable 
at  prefent.  1  wijfh  you  had  been  lb  kind  as  to  have  informed  me 
to  what  ends  you  lupjwle  they  ferved  in  making  their  highways; 
what  were  they  to  cut?  what  office  were  they  to.  perform?  That 
thefe  highways  were  works  in  a  great  meafurc  of  the  Britains,  I 
think  is  highly  probable,  but  it  muit  have  been  after  they  were 
fubject  to  and  under  the  direction  of  the  Romans. 

*  III  i  letter  to  Mr.  Thorcfty  printed  at  the  end  of  Leland's  Itin.  1. 

I  told 


MR.     GALE     TO     SIR     JOHN     CLERK.  253 

I  told  Mr.  Gordon  my  thoughts  of  his  project  to  cut  through 
the  Northern  ilthmus  very  freely.      I  could  not  fee  what  manner 
of  commerce  could  be  fo  promoted  by  this  newpaffage,   as  to  re- 
pay the  immenfe  expence  it  would  require  to  perfcd  it ;   at  the 
fame  time  the  public  is  fo  poor  here,   and  fo  many  neceliary  de- 
mands upon  it,   that  I  am  lure  it  will  be  impoffible  to  obtain  the 
leaft  fum  for  fuch  experiments,   and  I  believe  your  treafury  in 
Scotland  is  not  much  richer  :   he  has,   however,   communicated  it 
to  fome  great  men.      My  lord  Iflay  treated  it,  as  I  hear,  with  great. 
contempt ;   and  if  Sir  Robert  Walpole  gave  it  a  more  favourable 
reception,   it   proceeded   from  the  recommendation  of  Secretary 
Johnfon,   and  from  his  ufual  affability  and  defire  to  difmifs  every 
body  that  applies  to  him  as  well  pleafed  as  he  can.      I  am,   Sir, 
your  moll  humble  fervant,  ^  R.  *Gale. 


LXXIII*. 

Sir  J.  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,   concerning  Dr.  Woodward  and  his 
fliield,   Roman  Sword,  Fibulae,"  Sec. 

April  19,   ^-29/ 

I  w^as  forry  to  hear'of  Dr.  Woodward's  death.  He  was  a  droll 
fort  of  a  philofopher,  but  one  who  had  been  at  much  pains  and 
expence  to  promote  natural  knowledge.  I  wifli  I  had  known 
when  his  foflils  were  to  be  fold  t.  Some  of  them  were  very 
curious  ;  though  indeed  he  himfelf  was  the  greatelt  curiolity  of 
the  whole  collection.  As  for  his  C/ypeus  votivus^  I  wilh  the 
gentleman  joy  who  paid  100  guineas  for  it.      Never  was  there 

t  He  gave  all  his  Englifli  foflils  to  the  Univerfity  of  Cambridge,  and  the  UnivcrfKy  aftenvards 
purchafed  all  the  foreign  for  loocl. 

K  k  5        .  any 


254  MR.     GALE    TO     SIR    JOHN     CLERK. 

nny  thing  more  abfurd  in  my  opinion  than  to  fancy  it  Roman  : 
for  as  it  is  of  iron  it  could  never  have  lalled  the  fourth  part  of 
the  time  ;  for  by  the  fculpture,  if  genuine,  it  had  been  as  an- 
tient  as  the  time  of  Hadrian.  I  never  faw  any  thing  of  iron 
which  was  Roman  except  great  hinges  of  doors  and  the  like,  which 
had  loft  half  of  their  fubftance  by  ruft. 

I  thank  you  kindly  for  the  defcription  you  fent  nie  of  the  Ro- 
man pavement  *.     It  well  deferves  to  be  printed  off  in  a  copper 

*  The  pavement  found  in  Littlecot  park  in  Wiltfhire,  belonging  to  Mr.  Popham,  near  Kim- 
gerford,  Berks,  of  which  the  following  account  is  here  given  juft  as  we  find  it  among  Mr. 
Gale's  letttrs. 

*'  My  Lor  d, 

I  niofl  humbly  beg  leave  to  acquaint  your  lordfhip  of  a  noble  Roman  pavement  now  laid  open 
in  Ltttlecc'tt  park.  1  fiad  it  to  be  a  very  fingnlar  piece.  I  have  not  yet  cleared  off  the  old  earth 
to  the  outfides.  I  giiefs  the  entrance  ro  be  at  the  well  end,  wheie  is  a  large  figure  about  five 
fcet  radius,  fomething  reprefcnting,  a  fcollop  fliell  with  an  antick  head  for  the  centre.  Next  to 
this  is  a  large  fquare  above  tweUe  feet  on  a  fide,  bordered  with  plaited  wreath-work,  within 
which  is  a  circleas  large  as  the  fquare  will  contain.  On  the  centre  of  this  circle  is  a  fmall  circle 
about  four  feet  in  diameter.  The  large  circle  is  quartered  down  to  the  periphery  of  this  fmall 
circle  ;  thefe  quarters  and  both  the  circles  are  encomp.ifled  with  the  fame  plaited  wreath-work. 
The  quarters  of  the  large  circles  are  filled  up  with  different  figures.  In  the  firft  quarter  is  a  man 
riding  on  a  leopard,  in  the  next  a  woman  riding  on  a  bull,  in  the  third  is  a  woman  riding  on  a 
goat,  and  in  the  fourth  one  riding  on  a  hind.  In  the  fmall  circle  in  the  middle  is  reprefented 
one  playing  on  tlie  harp.  The  next  partition  to  the  aforefaid  great  fquare  is  a  piece  of  plaited 
work,  about  two  feet  and  a  half  wide,  reprefenting  the  matting  which  reaches  quite  acrofs  the. 
floor.  Next  to  this  is  another  partition  about  a  yard  wide,  wherein  are  reprefented  two  leopards 
pawing  at  each  other,  with  a  branch  hanging  between  them.  Next  to  this  is  another  large  par- 
tition encompafl'td  with  plaited  wreath  work,  and  a  fort  of  double  chain  work,  much  like  the 
border  of  the  pavement  found  at  Stunsfield  near  Woodftock,  and  this  partition  is  quartered  with 
the  like  double  chain  work,  and  the  quarter  encompafied  with  plaited  wreath  work.  In  thefe 
quarters  is  a  large  figure  fomething  liV.e  large  roles ;  the  corners  are  filled  uj)  with  triangles,  and 
diamonds  and  fmall  chequered  fquares.  This  partition  is  about  ten  feet  wide  and  twelve  feet  long. 
Next  to  this  is  a  fm.Jl  border  of  triangular  work,  after  this  another  partition  about  two  feet  wide, 
bordered  with  plaited  wreath-work  ;  this  partition,  as  do  all  the  others,  runs  acrofs  the  floor, 
and  is  about  twelve  feet  long,  and  has  in  the  middle  a  large  bowl  with  two  handles,  reprefented 
to  be  finely  cnamL-lled,  and  full  of  a  deep  red  liquor;  on  each  fide  of  the  bowl  is  a  nflty  not 
unlike  a  dogfiOi,  gaping  and  pawing  with  his  two  feet  at  the  bowl,  and  waving  his  tail.  Behind 
thefe  is  a  fnark  fill),  gaping  and  waving  his  tail.  The  next  and  laft  partition  is  a  fine  cheqtier 
of  brown  and  red  dice,  as  are  likeAvife  the  borders  on  both  lides  of  the  floor,  except  tlte  border 
over  agamft  the  large  circle,  which  confifcs  of  circles  interwoven  within  each  other.  The  whole 
pavement  is  about  forty  feet  long,  and  above  twenty  feet  wide.  I  am  preparing  to  delineate  the 
work,   but  the  weather  is  lo  cold  that  I  can  hardly  ufe  my  cornpafTes." 

This  pavement  drawn  by  Mr.  William  George  was  engravrd  by  Mr.  Vertue,  and  illuflrated 
with  a  copious  explanation  by  Profeffor  Ward.  It  has  fiace  been  negleded^  and  is  now  totally 
dcftroycd,     Ea)iT. 

7  plate, 


MR.    GALE     T  0_    SIR    JOHN    CLERK.  255 

plate,  and  to  have  a  room  built  over  it.  I  obfcrvcd  with  plea-^ 
fure  the  dimenfions  much  ufed  by  the  Romans,  viz,  two  Aiunres, 
and  no  doubt  the  height  of  the  room  was  equal  at  leaft  to  the 
breadth. 

I  believe  I  told  you  in  my  laft  that  I  have  got  two  fwords  of 
brafs  of  a  curious  form.  They  may  poffibly  be  Roman,  for  they 
were  found  near  a  Praetorium  that  was  fquare.  They  have  had 
wooden  handles,    and  are  very  fliarp  and  heavy  i. 

I  have  likewife  got  a  very  curious  inftrument  of  that  kind 
which  Montfaucon  and  other  writers  have  commonly  defcribed 
for  Roman  fibulae,  but  what  I  take  to  be  the  true  Roman  rtylus. 
It  is  ftudded  with  filver,  and  the  broad  part  at  the  end  of  it  for 
deleting  what  ufed  to  be  written  on  the  Pugillares  is  very  rem.ark- 
able,  being  a  kind  of  Opus  tejjelatum,  made  up  of  red  and  white 
ftones,  very  minute,  and  perfe6lly  intire.  This  is  a  rude  fketch 
of  it.  J.  Clerk. 


LXXIV*. 

Part  of  a  Letter  from  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  relating  to 
Brunfwick-hill,  Middleby,  and  fubterraneous  Oaks  in  Scot- 
land. 

Sept.  10,   1729. 

I  have  the  favour  of  yours  of  the laft  paft,  and  am  ex- 
tremely forry  to  find  you  have  been  ill  of  a  fever.  I  pray  God 
to  continue  yoiu"  health,  which  is  not  only  valuable  to  all  your 

+  Qjiere,  if  like  thofcin  Gordon's  ^iftplate,  213,  from  Mr.  Widdrow's  collcftion,  which  by  the 
inc  very  much  refetiibles  the  firil  in  Archaeologia  III.  p.  355.  pi.  XlX. 

K  k  6  friends, 


7s6  SIR    JOHN     CLERK    TO     MR.    GALE. 

friends,  but  to  all  lovers  of  learning.  The  method  you  are  fol- 
lowing for  confirming  your  health  will  have  no  doubt  its  efFe<5t, 
for  nothing  will  contribute  more  to  it  tlian  exercife,  and  as  Celfus 
fays,  Mutatio  loci  et  aeris.  When  you  are  in  Yorkfliire,  and  {o 
near  Scotland,  may  you  not  think  of  making  us  a  vifit  ?  I  fliall 
not  only  make  you  moil  welcome  at  my  houfe,  but  as  eafy  as  at 
home,  if  being  mafter  of  it  can  make  you  fo.  I  live  only  about 
fifty  miles  from  Hexham.  You  may  come  to  Jedburgh  the  firft 
night,  and  to  my  home  (Pennycuick)  or  to  Edenborough  the 
fecond.  If  you  come  to  the  lait,  it  is  only  getting  a  boy  to  find 
me,  and  I  fliall  wait  upon  you  a  few  hours  after.  Your  vifit  will 
make  me  extremely  happy. 

As  for  what  you  are  pleafed  to  write  to  me  about  my  feal,  you 
are  in  the  right  of  it,  for  the  annuhis  w^as  more  common  than 
xhe  Jigilium  :  as  for  the  antiquity  of  the  enamel,  it  is  a  French 
notion  that  they  were  the  inventors  of  that  art,  but  without  any 
ground. 

I  am  juft  returned  from  a  fmall  eftate  of  mine  that  lies  within 
28  miles  of  Carlifle,  and  had  the  pleafure  to  obferve  feveral 
things,  an  account  of  which  I  hope  will  not  be  unacceptable  to 
you.  The  firil  place  I  went  to  fee  was  a  high  hill  with  two  Ro- 
man camps  on  it,  called  by  the  people  of  Anandale  Brunfzwrk, 
I  had  feen  this  place  before,  but  was  refolved  to  confider  it  more 
particularly.  I  took  it  to  be  the  Cajior  Exploratonmi,  from  whence 
the  fecond  iter  of  Antoninus  begins.  The  hill  is  of  this  fliape, 
and  may  be  feen  twenty  miles  on  the  fouth  fide  of  Carlifie,  and 
thirty  or  forty  on  the  north  fide  of  Solway  Frith.  The  fquare 
A  and  B  svere  the  two  Roman  camps,  which  I  need  not  defcribe, 
being  to  be  feen  in  Mr.  Gordon's  book,  ]>.  16.  Thefe  camps 
lie  on  the  fide  of  the  hill,  and  not  at  the  top  of  it,  though  even 
there  we  find  fome  military  marks.  They  lie  about  twelve  miles 
from  Carliile,  as  they  are  ftated  in  the  Itinerarium,   &c.     The 

great 


SIR     JOHN     C  L  K  R  K     TO     U  U.    G  A  L  E.  25  j  - 

great  highway  of  the  Romans  between  the  Valkim  Hadiiani  and 
Scotch  Vallum  Antonini  Pii  runs  by  the  weft  fide  of  the  hill ;  for 
I  traced  it  diftini^ly.  Near  this  hill  is  a  very  remarkable  Roman 
ftation,  called  by  Mr.  Gordon,  p.  18,  the  camp  of  Midiilcby. 
This  is  the  moft  remarkable  ftation  I  ever  faw  ;  for  befides  what 
is  defcribed  by  Mr.  Gordon,  there  is  a  fortified  little  city  adjoin- 
ing to  it,  and  all  the  houles  have  been  ex  Icipide  quadyalo,  I  ob  - 
ferved  the  foundations  of  many  houfes,  and  took  notice  that  there 
are  above  fifty  little  houfes  in  this  neighbourhood  built  of  ftones 
taken  from  it.  There  are  feveral  ftones  of  different  figures, 
and  for  various  ufes ;  particularly  aquedudfs:  there  is  one  with 
thefe  words  upon  it  conb-  I  obferved  here  the  true  Roman  mor- 
tar or  cement,  and  doubt  not  but  I  ihall  get  the  country  people 
to  dig  up  fome  of  the  ruins,  where  it  is  probable  that  teffellated 
pavements  will  be  found,  for  it  is  evident  that  this  has  not  been 
atranfitory  camp,  but  a  fixt  ftation  for  many  years.  Forgive  me, 
notwithftanding  the  authority  of  Camden  and  many  learned  men, 
to  call  this  the  Blatiim  Bulgium  mentioned  in  the  fame  iter,  and 
joined  with  the  Cajlra  Exploratorunij  though  at  a  mile  diftancc,  for 
the  reafons  following. 

I.  The  place  is  called  by  the  common  people  the  Byrennes^ 
which  bears  as  great  an  affinity  to  Blatum  Bulgium  as  Bouhiefs, 
and  I  may  join  to  this  the  hill  called  Brunjwork. 

1.  The  diitance  from  Carliffe  being  twelve  miles  makes  much 
for  this  conjeifure; 

2.  The  joining  of  the  Caftra  Exploratorum  and  Blatum  Bul- 
gium together  in  the  Itinerarium  feems  to  import  they  were 
near  each  other. 

4.  Blatum  Bulgium  was  not  per  lineam  'val/l,  or  it  had  been 
in  the  Notitia  Imperii. 

5.  The  Caftra  Exploratorum  muft  have  been  on  the  north  fide  of 
the  vallum,  and  placed  on  a  very  confpicuousfituation,  which  is  the 

K  k  7  cale 


*234  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

cafe  here.      For  Brunfwork  hill  may  be  fecii   from  many   hills 
above  the  Vallum  Adriani  or  Severi. 

6.  It  is  more  probable  that  the  Iter  began  at  this  hill  than 
at  Boulnefs,  where  at  this  day  there  is  fcarce  any  remarkable 
thing  to  be  feen. 

This  camp  of  Middleby  appears,  as  I  have  faid,  to  have  been 
a  ftation  of  long  continuance,  otherwife  fo  many  works  ex  lapide 
quadrato  had  never  been  made  there. 

Thefe  reafons  put  together,  though  they  are  not  demonftra- 
tive,  make  exceedingly  for  my  conje6lure,  and  nothing  ftands 
fo  much  in  my  way  as  the  authority  of  your  father  in  the  book 
publiflied  by  you.  But  this  oppofition  you  will  forgive.  I  fpoke 
a  little  of  this  to  Mr.  Horfley,  but  what  opinion  he  has  of  it  fmce 
he  has  been  told  I  cannot  tell.  I  might  add  that  Roman  coins  of 
all  hands  have  been  found  here,  particularly  a  curious  piece  of 
gold  mentioned  by  Mr.  Gordon,  and  which  I  prefented  to  my 
lord  Pembroke. 

I  have  now  been  too  tedious  to  you,  therefore  I  fliall  only 
mention  another  curiolity  in  the  fame  country.  This  is  at  a 
mofs  near  Moffat,  called  the  Mofs  of  Dnmicrief.  There  lies  un- 
der the  furface  an  incredible  number  of  large  oaks,  which  never 
could  have  grown  in  the  place.  I  obferved  the  like  in  a  mols  in 
the  north  of  Scotland,  from  which  circumftance  one  cannot  but 
think  they  were  brought  thither  by  the  deluge  ;  and  as  all  mofles 
are  plainly  of  rotten  wood,  fo  may  we  believe  that  they  were 
only  large  floats  of  timber  toft  together  by  the  waters,  and  left 
at  certain  places  as  the  flood  abated ;  io  far  I  could  pleafe  Dr. 
Woodward,   if  he  was  alive. 

I  will  mention  one  circumftance  more  to  you  with  relation  to 
thefe  mofles,  which  is  that  in  one  of  them  belonging  to  my- 
felf,  and  about  a  mile  from  where  I  live  there  are  feveral  quanti- 
ties of  nutfhells  found  whole  and  entire  after  great  rains,   though 

there 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO     MR.     G  A  I.  E,  255* 

there  is  not  the  leaft  veftige  of  wood  or  hazel  bulhcs  to  be  found 
m  the  neighbourhood.  This  proceeds  no  doubt  from  the  fame 
caiife  ;  for  all  things  whatfoevcr  preferve  their  fhape  and  con- 
fillence  wonderfully  in  raofs. 

Pleafe  to  give  my  hunible  refpects  to  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  whofe 
kind  remembrance  of  me  is  molf  acceptable. 

Your  account  of  Dr.  Stukeley  furprizes  me ;  there  is  irlore 
contrivance  in  it  than  I  thought.  A  benefice  may  be  in  view, 
and  the  Do(51:or's  trade  go  on  however,   though  in  a  charitable  way. 

I  muft  now  end  my  letter  with  my  paper,  but  cannot  ceafe 
from  being  ever,   dear  Sir,   yours,   8cc. 

John  Clerk. 


LXXV*. 

A  fecond  Letter  from  Sir  John  Clerk,  concerning  Dr.  Wood- 
ward's Shield^  the  fituation  of  Blatum  Bidgiuvi^  with  fome 
Obfervations  upon  Painting  on  Walls  and  Laths. 

Q,„  Edenborough, 

^^^>  Dec.  12,  ,729. 

I  had  the  honour  of  yours  laft  week,  and  though  I  have  very 
little  to  trouble  you  with,  yet  I  could  not  delay  making  my  ac- 
knowledgment to  you  for  the  honour  you  procured  me  to  be 
elected  a  member  of  the  Royal  Society  ;  I  fliall  prove  but  a  very 
ufelefs  brother,  yet  fliall  be  glad  at  all  times  to  receive  their  com-- 
Hiands,  and  fliew  what  value  I  put  on  fo  diftinguifliing  a  mark  of 
their  favour.  I  wifli  you  would  miake  my  compliments  to  the 
Prefident  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  and  let  me  know  what  will  be  expeded 
of  me. 

I  thank 
K  k  8 


*2^6  SIR     JOHN     CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

I  thank  you  for  the  critical  .-htrertation  you  fen t  me;  it  con- 
tains abundance  of  learning,  yet  1  fancy  the  plaineft  conitruilion 
of  all  has  been  overlooked,  that  is,  that  the  fliield  is  of  iron,  and 
not  of  brafs.  1  may  be  miftaken  in  this  opinion,  but  I  took  it 
to  be  of  iron,  and  was  on  the  point  of  making  this  obiervation 
to  Dr.  Woodward,  when  you  and  I  were  to  fee  his  curioiities. 
If  it  was  of  iron,  it  could  not  be  genuine;  for  there  is  no  piece 
of  Roman  antiquity  in  that  metal  which  is  not  fo  much  corroded 
with  ruft  as  that  all  the  finer  parts  are  quite  defaced.  I  would 
he  glad  to  know  from  you  if  my  obfervation  of  its  being  made  of 
iron  was  right*. 

As  for  my  Blatum  Bulgiuniy  I  acknowledge  it  to  be  but  guefs- 
work,  and  has  its  foundation  limply  on  a  negative  proof  that  it  is 
not  mentioned  in  the  Notitia  Imperii  to  be  ad  Uneam  valli.  In 
the  Itinerarium  it  would  feem  that  by  the  names  as  they  are 
placed,  the  Cajlra  Exploratorum  and  Blatum  Bulgium  were  near 
to  one  another ;  but  by  the  number  of  miles  one  would  think 
that  there  were  12  miles  between  the  firft  and  laft,  and  another 
1 2  between  it  and  hugubaUhnn.  If  this  be  the  cafe,  we  muft 
look  out  for  another  ftation  to  be  the  Cajlra  Exploratorum,  and  yet 
I  can  find  none  io  proper  as  Brunfwork.  Mr.  Horfley  feems  to 
be  of  my  opinion  as  to  Middleby  being  Blatum  Bulgium,  but  lays 
that  a  place  called  Netherby  was  the  Cajlra  Exploratorum.  This 
gentleman,  I  find,  is  a  good  way  advanced  in  his  infcriptions, 
fo  that  I  Iliall  be  glad  to  know  your  opinion  of  them. 

Forgive  me,  before  I  end  this  letter,  to  give  a  philofophical  ob- 
fervation, and  fubmit  my  fentiments  to  you.  About  10  days 
ago,  when  the  barometer  fell  under  the  line  of  much  rain,  I 
went  to  a  houfe  of  mine  which  is  built  on  a  very  dry  and  warm 
foil ;  here  I  was  furprized  to  fee  a  ftaircafe  I  had  made  in  a  very 
difmal  plight.     This  piece  of  work  is  done  for  the  mofl  part  in , 

*  It  was  made  of  iron.     R.  G. 

ftucco 


SIR     JOHN     CLERK     TO     MR.     GALE,  257 

flvicco  or  plaifter,  and  is  all  painted  in  oil,  and  fomc  of  it  on 
laths,  where  the  regularity  of  the  ilair-c.ife  required  it.  I  ha(i 
obicrved  that  iome  of  the  painting"  M^as  much  funk  before  and 
fpoiled  in  forae  places,  but  could  not  well  underftand  the  reafon 
of  it  till  then;  yet  I  found  the  dampnefs  of  the  day  had  covered 
the  plaifter  that  was  on  the  folid  walls  to  fuch  a  degree,  that  I 
could  have  waflied  my  hands  upon  it.  Here  the  painting  was 
much  fpoiled,  but  on  the  plaiifered  laths  it  was  perfedlly  frelli 
and  found  ;  I  thought  at  firft  that  this  moifture  might  have  come 
through  the  wall';,  driven  by  the  force  of  the  wind  ;  but  then  I 
obferved  that  fome  glaffes  on  the  flaircafe  were  juft  in  the  fame 
condition ;  hence  I  concluded  that  plaifter  and  painting  on  the 
folid  wall  became  of  the  nature  of  glafs,  but  that  the  plaifter  on 
the  laths  was  more  porous  and  fucked  up  the  moifture,  and  for 
the  future  I  refolved  never  to  make  ufe  of  any  plaifter  but  upon 
laths,  for  in  that  way  I  faw  plainly  that  any  kind  of  painting  will 
exceed  the  lath  as  long  as  if  done  upon  w^ood.  As  this  I  ho])e 
will  prove  an  ufeful  obfervation  in  this  country,  fo  I  believe  it 
may  be  the  fame  to  fome  of  your  country  people,  for  I  am  fa- 
tisfied  the  houfe  I  have  mentioned  ftands  as  dry  and  warm  as  any 
on  this  fide  Trent ;  but  no  doubt  what  I  have  mentioned  has 
been  obferved  by  yourfelf  and  others.  Forgive  me  for  troubling  v 
you  with  this  trifle,  and  believe  me  to  be  always,  with  the  greatelt 
efteem  and  affedfion,   yours,  Sec.  J.  Clerk. 

LXXIV. 

Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,   concerning  an  ancient  Seal  fct  in  a: 
focket  of  gold  enamelled,,  and  Obfervations  on  his  Coal- works. 

Edenburgh)  July  17,  i7-9' 

I  have  the  favour  of  yours  fi^nce  my  laft,  and  muft  give  over 
making  excufes  to  you  for  not  acknowledging  it  in  due  time.  I 
receive  no  letter  fo  acceptable  to  me,  but  am  often  not  fo  much 
mafter  of  my  time  as  I  could  wilh.     The  endeavours  you  have 

L I  fhevra 


258  SlPv    JOHN     CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE., 

Ihcwn  to  get  me  made  a  fellow  of  the  Royal  Society,  put  me  under 
tlie  greatell  obligations  to  you  ;  hut  I  am  afraid,  if  you  be  fuccefs- 
ful,   the  world  will  think  me  a  very  unworthy  member. 

I  return  you  many  thanks  for  tranfmitting  to  me  the  prints  of 
the  Antiquarian  Society.  I  think  there  is  no  great  matter  in  that 
of  the  ancient  monaftery* ;  but  the  military  farce  of  Henry  the 
Eighth  t  is  very  curious. 

i  fend  you  here  inclofed  for  your  opinion  the  impreffion  of  a 
feal,  which  is  no  doubt  ancient,  being  found  aifually  in  the 
rubbiili  of  our  l^allum^  at  a  place  called  Caerin  ;  but  that  which 
may  render  it  fufpecfled  is  a  fort  of  enamelling  on  the  gold  focket 
in  which  it  is  fixed.  Enamelling  is  commonly  thought  a  rao^ 
dern  invention,  but  this  feal  demonlfrates  the  contrary,  if  altpge- 
ther  ancient,  and  the  Romans  had  an  Opus  Encaiiflum^  which,  if 
it  was  not  enamelling,  I  know  not  what  it  was  ;  befides,  in  one 
of  my  Jiyli  or  fibulce,  there  is  the  very  fame  thing  in  blue  and 
white  mineral  colours,  incorporated  and  fixed  by  the  fire.  Here  is 
a  fketch  of  my  feal.  [Plate  VL  fig.  2.]  The  foliages  are  much 
the  fame  thing  as  the  feal  here,  a  little  clumfy  and  indifl:in6f, 
but  no  ways  defaced :  the  white  is  likewife  touched  with  a  little 
red  ;   the  head,   as  you  fee  by  the  impreffion,  is  but  ordinary. 

Since  I  am  to  be  a  brother  with  you  in  the  Philofophic  Society,, 
allow  me  to  trouble  you  with  a  natural  piece  of  curiofity,  which  I 
lately  difcovered  in  my  grounds.  I  have  fourteen  coal-veins,  moft 
of  them  above  four  feet  thick,  and  fome  of  them  eight  or  nine  ; 
they  have  been  in  working  above  a  hundred  years,  but  as  my 
colliers  were  going  on  with  their  work,  they  were  flopped  all  of  a 
fudden  by  a  vein  of  clay  three  feet  thick,  which  cut  off  all  the 
coal-veins  obliquely,  and  threw  them  eighty  fathoms  to  the  North- 
ward. Fig.  3  reprefents  the  coal-veins  running  parallel  to  one 
another,  and  thi-own  off  by  the  bed  of  clay  a  b  to  c,  which  is  80 
fathoms  to  the  Northward.     I  know  fomething  of  this  has  been 

*   Holm  in  Norfolk,  f  Tournament  at  his  marrjage  with  Queen  Elizabeth. 

already 


SIR    JOHN     CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 


'59 


already  obferved  in  the  Philofophical  TranfacSlions  of  the  Royal 
Society,  but  nothing  fo  remarkable.  Here  is  another  odd  turn  in 
the  lame  veins.  Fig.  4,  ^  is  a  feam  of  coal  or  vein  which  finks 
with  the  furface,  and  afcends  on  the  other  fide  from  e  to  /:  thefe, 
I  fancy,  are  ftrong  indications  of  fome  terrible  convulfions  of  our 
globe,  which  we  may  fuppofe  to  have  happened  at  the  deluge,  as 
Dr.  Woodward  and  others  have  defcribed  it ;  or  might  have  been 
occafioned  by  one  of  Mr.  Whifton"s  comets,  on  Sir  Ifaac  Newton's 
principles.  If  fuch  like  obfervations  be  agreable  to  you,  I  fliall 
not  fail  to  trouble  you  fometimes  with  them.  I  am,  with  the 
greateft  efteem,  John  Clerk. 


LXXV. 

Part  of  a  letter  from  Mr.  Horsley  relating  to  Mr.  Salmon. 

February  J  I,  1729-0. 

Sir, 

lam  much  obliged  to  you  for  yours  of  the  12th  inllant;  I 
have  not  yet  difcovered  any  thing  with  relation  to  the  cairn  at 
Otterburn.  If  I  do,  I  fiiall  be  fure  to  communicate  it  to  you;  nor 
have  I  yet  feen  Mr.  Salmon's  laft  treatife  relating  to  the  North.  I 
faw  him  much  at  a  lofs,  and  found  it  out  of  my  power  to  retrieve 
him  according  to  the  fcheme  in  which  he  was  embarked,  and 
which,  I  fuppofe,  he  thought  himfelf  obliged  to  go  through,  &c. 


L  1   z  LXXVI. 


a6o  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 


Lxxvr. 


Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  on  the  'T^so(pooiXi  flight  of  Wild- 
Fowl,  and  a  Gteek  and  Latin  Infcription  found  at  Lanchefter, 
in  the  bifhoprick  of  Durham. 


Edenburgh, 
April  13,  1730. 


Sir, 


I  received  yours  of  the  1 7th  of  January,  for  which  I  thought 
myfelf  extremely  obliged  to  you  ;  but  for  want  of  materials  to  en- 
tertain you,  I  delayed  making  you  a  return  from  one  week  to 
another  till  I  am  now  afliamed;  but  I  hope  you  will  have  the 
goodnefs  to  excufe  me,  and  believe  me  that  I  always  retained  that 
honour  and  regard  for  you  that  becomes  me.  The  true  barrennefs 
of  fubjedl  continues  with  me  ;  yet  now,  fince  I  could  no  longer 
delay  writing  tayou,  I  Ihall  communicate  what  has  occurred  fmcc 
my  laft  writing  to  you. 

Some  of  my  family  have  been  in  very  great  danger  from  the 
rabies  canina-^  an  old  woman  and  a  child  have  been  bit  to  the 
effufion  of  a  great  deal  of  blood,  but  no  other  ill  confequence  has 
happened.  I  had  two  dogs  very  furious  in  this  diftemper,  one 
about  a  month  after  the  other,  which  gave  me  occafion  to  make 
fome  experiments  upon  them.  The  ordinary  medicines  were 
tried  to  no  purpofe :  I  kept  them  up  in  a  room  till  they  died,  which 
was  regularly  on  the  third  day ;  they  were  furious  the  two  firft 
days,  and  knew  nobody,  but  bit  and  gnawed  every  thing  that  was 
jHit  in  to  them  by  a  window  ;  they  would  eat  no  fort  of  meat,  but 
drank  very  plentifully  of  water;  one  of  them  bit  a  cat,  which 
turned  worfe  than  either *of  them.     On  the  third  the  fwellings 

fell 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  261 

fell   away  from  their  heads  and  mouths,   and   they  turned  per- 
feiflly  calm,  but  refufed  to  eat.      The  obfervations  I  made  on  them 
were  thefe :   that  this  kind  of  madnefs  in  men  is  accompanied  with 
a  horror  at  the  fight  of  water,  v^^o(poSix,  yet  there  is  no  fuch  thing 
in  dogs.      The  madnefs  comes  not  on  of  a  fudden,  but  takes  time, 
ih  that  fbmetimes  it  is  the  fpace  of  a  month  or  a  year  before  it 
works.      The  animals  I  fpeak  of  fell  ill  at  the  diflance  of  about  a 
month  after  they  were  bit  by  one  another.     I  perceive,  Dr.  Boer- 
have  thinks  it  may  lurk  in  the  blood  20  years.      Another  obfer- 
vation  is,  that  old  people  and  children  may  be  bit  in  the  middle  of 
winter  without  any  ill  confequence  at  all,  for  1  have  known  this 
to  happen  before. 

We  have  had  a  very  fevere  winter,  and  I  had  fufficient  prog- 
noftick  of  this,  which  I  know  not  if  you  have  obferved  in  England. 
We  have  among  other  tranfient  fowls  in  this  country  the-  wood- 
cocks and  wild  geefe,  which  generally  come  here  about  the  middle 
of06lober;   thefe  made  us  a  vifit  three  weeks  fooner,  which  to 
me  was  a  plain  indication  that  their  native  country  Was  frozen  up 
and  covered  with  fnow  by  the  middle  of  September.     I  am  fully 
perfuaded,  that  the  want  of  food  is  the  true  caufe  why  thefe  fowls 
leave  their  own   countries,    and.  overfpread  Germany,   Holland, 
France,  and  Italy,  at  the  fame  time  they  come  into  Britain  and 
Ireland.     The  country  where  they  are  bred  muft  be  of  vaft  extent 
that  furniflies  us  with  fuch  prodigious  numbers.      As  I   was   a 
fportfman  in  my  younger  days,  I  had  occaflon  to  obferve  the  time 
of  their  coming  into  the  countries  I,  have  mentioned,  and  from 
feveral  obfervations  know  that  they  come  from  the  Eaft;  and  con- 
fequently  are  bred  in  the  woods  of  Mufcovy  and  Tartary.     Here 
it  may  deferve  the  confideration  of  a  philofopher  to  find  out  how 
they  make  this  journey  over  the  German  ocean  to  us ;  for  I  know 
likewife  at  their  firft  coming  in  they  are  as  fat  as  ever,  and  feem  to 
have  indigefted   meat  in  their  ftomachs..     How  are  they  to  fly 

over; 


i6z  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO     MR.    GALE. 

over  a  fea  of  above  150  leagues,  when  it  is  evident  they  can 
fcarcely  fly  above  four  or  five  in  an  liour,  and  that  in  a  day  they 
may  be  chafed  till  they  are  weary  and  taken?  My  notion  of  their 
flight  is  a  little  new,  for  any  thing  I  know,  and  yet  I  believe  it  to 
be  true,  which  is,  they  raife  themfelves  to  a  great  height,  fo  that 
the  weight  of  their  bodies  is  diminiflied,  and  that  they  perform 
their  journey  Weftward  only  by  waiting  the  diurnal  rotation  of 
our  globe.  By  this  hypothefis,  I  fuppofe,  they  make  a  journey 
over  one  quarter  of  the  globe  in  fix  hours,  and  from  the  woods  of 
Mufcovy  to  us  in  three  or  four  hours.  That  this  is  really  the 
cafe,  I  apprehend  is  demonftrable  from  this,  that  if  they  rife 
and  fly  Weftward  for  that  time  the  globe  will  turn  towards  them, 
for  either  this  muft  happen,  or  they  will  be  carried  Eaftward  with 
the  atmofphere.  I  leave  this  hint  to  your  confideration,  tho' 
it  never  will  be  applicable  to  any  ufeful  purpofe;  but  a  philofo- 
pher  feldom  thinks  any  thing  in  nature  too  trifling  for  his  en- 
quiries. 

I  believe  by  this  time  you  will  have  feen  Mr.  Horfley,  who  is 
gone  for  London.  Before  he  went  off"  he  fent  me  the  copy  of  a 
Greek  and  Latin  infcription  found  at  Lanchefter  in  the  biflioprick 
of  Durham  ;  both  were  on  one  ftone,  but  imperfeft.  The  Greek 
infcription  was  this: 

T02 

$AAON 

..)...  CL...TIANO 

MAP  i.  e.  y^iXix^x^^', 

The  Latin  one  in  my  opinion  explains  the  Greek,  and  is 
PIO.T.FL.TITIANVS.V.S.L.M. 

He  defircd  to  know  my  opinion  about  the  firft  word  pig,  where- 
fore I  fent  him  three  or  four  conjedtures,  and,  amongft  the  reit, 

*  See  Horfley's  Brit,  Romana,  p.  293, 294. 

that 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO     MR.    G  A  L  F.  263 

that  it  might  be  read  aescvlapio.  I  ^yould  be  glad  to  know  how 
my  lord  Pembroke  holds  out,  how  my  lord  Hertford  does,  and  if 
you  ilill  meet  at  the  Antiquarian  Society.  I  wifh  you  and  your 
family  much  happinefs,  and  am,  dear  Sir,  yours,  Sec. 

John  Clerk. 


LXXVII. 

Obfervations  upon  the  Flight  and  Paflage  of  Fowls,  which  come 
into  Britain  at  certain  feafons  of  the  year,  in  a  letter  from  Sir 
John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale. 

January  30,  1 730-1. 

There  are  many  traniient  fowls  which  come  into  Britain  at 
certain  leafons,  and  return  into  the  country  from  whence  they 
came.  Some  of  thefe  come  only  for  food,  as  the  wild  geefe  and 
woodcocks  in  winter;  and  fome  to  neft  in  fummer,  as  thofe  water- 
fowl which  go  by  the  name  of  Soland  geefe,  and  neft  in  the  ifle  of 
BafTe,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  and  other  places  in  Scot- 
land. The  fwallows  and  cuckows  are  likewife  of  this  kind,  and 
fome  fmall  birds  which  difappear  in  winter ;  but  thefe  fowls  and 
birds  come  likewife  for  food,  the  geefe  for  herrings,  the  fwallows 
for  flies. 

The  vi}\\d  geefe  come  into  Britain  in  Odlober  and  November, 
and  are  always  obferved  to  come  from  the  Eaft  *.  The  woodcocks 
come  not  only  at  that  time  hither,  but  to  moft  parts  of  Euroj^e, 
particularly  France,  Spain,  Italy,  and  Germany,  where  they  are  in 
great  numbers,  and  likewife  into  Ireland.     The  feafon  of  their  re- 

■*  See  Gent.  Mag.  OiS.  1748,  p.  445. 

turn 


28+  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.     GALE. 

turn  is  March,  all  of  them  go  off  at  that  time,  except  a  few  flck  and 
wounded,  which  have  been  known  to  neft  in  thefe  parts. 

Both  the  wild  geefe  and  the  woodcocks,  by  reafon  of  their  great 
numbers,  muft  be  fuppofed  to  come  from  very  large  countries  in  a 
Northern  climate,  which  after  the  month  of  Odlober  is  covered 
with  ice  and  fnow.  Nature  has  provided  the  woodcocks  \vith  long 
bills  to  fuck  up  their  meat  in  marihy  places ;  the  wild  geefe  live 
much  in  the  fame  way  ;  but  when  fuch  grounds  as  are  proper  for 
tlieir  nourilhment  are  frozen  up  and  covered  with  fnow,  it  is 
evident  thefe  fowls  muft  defert  them,  and  retire  to  fuch  places 
where  they  can  heft  feed  during  the  winter  feafon. 

How  they  perform  their  long  flights  and  paffages  on  the  con- 
tinent, is  no  manner  of  difficulty  ;  but  how  they  come  over  the 
German  ocean  into  the  Northern  parts  of  Britain,  will  deferve  fome 
confideration  by  thofe  who  are  curious  of  enquiry  into  all  parts  of 
Nature.  The  difficulty  of  their  paiTage  will  be  greater,  if  we 
confider,  in  the  firft  place,  that  it  cannot  be  lefs  than  600  miles; 
next,  that  in  their  ordinary  way  of  flying  they  can  be  wearied  and 
taken  if  chaced  for  fome  hours  without  any  reft  or  refpite  ;  and, 
in  the  laft  place,  that  in  their  nfual  way  of  flying,  when  not  chafed, 
they  cannot  well  exceed  1 5  miles  an  hour,  and  it  is  even  doubted, 
if  they  can  in  their  ordinary  way  fly  even  fo  far  without  reft. 

I  am  therefore  inclined  to  believe,  that  thefe  fowls  come  from 
the  Northern  part  of  Mufcovy  and  Tartary;  and  that  they  per- 
form their  paflage  over  the  German  ocean,  partly  by  raifing  them- 
felves  very  high  in  the  air,  where,  in  their  flight  Weftward,  they 
meet  with  lefs  refiftance  from  the  atmofphere,  and  partly  by  the 
affiftance  of  the  diurnal  rotation  of  the  earth,  for  by  this  means 
only  they  may  make  a  fourth  part  of  the  globe,  or  5500  in  the 
fpace  of  fix  hours ;  thus  their  journey  may  be  performed  meerly 
by  hovering  in  the  air;  but  if  they  fly  with  any  fwiftnefs,  they 
«iay  difpatch  it  in  much  lefs  time. 

4  That 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  26$ 

That  this  is  prohably  the  cafe,  will  appear  from  the  following 
confulerations.  L  That  the  woodcocks  efpecially  are  known  to 
fly  very  high,  and  at  their  firft  coming  into  thefe  parts  are  leea 
as  it  were  to  drop  from  the  clouds.  Likewiie  it  has  been  feen 
many  times,  that  when  they  are  eagerly  purfucd  by  a  hawk, 
they  will  take  their  flight  dire(5tly  upwards,  and  at  lafl  difuppear, 
of  which  I  have  been  more  tlian  once  an  eye-witnefs.  Likewife 
all  other  tranfient  fow^ls,  as  the  cranes  in  Holland,  and  the  fwai- 
lows  every  where  in  Britain,  accuftoni  themfclves  to  fly,  for  fe- 
veral  days,  very  high,   before  they  leave  their  habitations  here. 

II.  That  the  world  turning  eaftward  on  its  axis  cannot  but 
very  much  accelerate  their  motion  wertvvard,  if  they  can  be  fup- 
■pofed  to  raife  themfelves  beyond  the  greatefl  force  of  the  atmof- 
phere  ;  I  fay,  the  greateft  force  of  it,  becaufe  it  cannot  be  fup- 
pofed  that  fowls'raife  themfelves  entirely  beyond  it :  only  where 
it  is  very  thin,  and  its  power  diminillied,  the  refiftance  will  pro- 
portionably  be  lefs. 

IH.  Becaufe  all  bodies  diminifli  in  their  w^eight  in  proportion 
to  their  diftances  from  the  center  of  gravity  ;  and  the  fame  may 
be  faid  of  the  power  of  attrailion. 

IV.  Becaufe  there  is  lefs  difficulty  in  this  fuppofed  way  of 
fowls  palling  over  great  tracts  of  ground  from  eaft  to  weft,  than 
that  they  can  fly  over  600  miles  of  fea  wdthout  meat  or  reft  ;  and 
it  may  be  added,  that  when  they  come  here,  they  have  meat  in 
their  ftomachs,  and  are  as  fat  as  at  any  time  afterwards. 
To  this  hypothefis  thefe  objeflions  may  be  made  : 

1 .  How  can  a  fowl  breathe  when  at  fo  great  a  height  in  the 
air,  fmce  men  have  obferved  fome  difficulty  in  their  refpiration 
on  the  tops  of  very  high  mountains  ? 

2.  How  can  any  fowl  reffft  the  atmofphere  which  turns  eaft- 
ward with  the  world  above  900  miles  an  hour  ?  t 

^i  m  3.   What 


a66  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

3.  What  need  is  there  to  explain  the  pafTage  of  any  fowl  con- 
trary to  what  is  known  of  the  quails,  which  often  come  from 
Africa  into  Italy  ;  where  a  long  tra6t  or  fea  is  to  be  paffed  from 
fouth  to  north,  and  confequently  no  aflirtance  can_.be  given  from 
the  diurnal  rotation  of  the  globe  ? 

4.  If  fuch  fowls  as  are  above-mentioned  make  their  pafTage  by 
the  affiftance  of  that  diurnal  rotation,  then  they  muft  raife  them- 
lelves  above  the  clouds  which  conftitute  a  part  of  the  atmofphere, 
and  are  carried  about  \vith  the  world  ? 

To  the  firft  I  anfwcr,  that  in  all  probability  thefe  fowls  find  no 
great  difficulty  in  their  refj)iration,  llnce  experience  tells  us,  that 
they  can  fly  {o  high  as  to  be  quite  beyond  our  fight.  Experience 
likewife  tells  us,  that  they  cannot  fly  beyond  our  fight,  unlefs 
their  height  be  at  leaft  twice  or  thrice  more  than  that  of  the 
hiirheil:  mountain  in  Britain.      We  are  alfo  a  little  in  the  dark  as 

o 

to  the  llrudure  of  their  lungs,  and  how  far  their  refpiration  may 
be  affifted  by  thofe  mulcles,  which  in  their  flight  give  motion  to 
their  wings;  and  next  it  may  be  a  queftion,  whether  or  not  the 
moifture  of  the  clouds  may  not  as  much  aflift  their  refpiration,  as 
if  they  were  near  to  their  marfhy  habitations  ? 

To  the  fecond  objedlion  I  anfwer,  as  above,  that  the  atmof- 
phere being  much  rarefied,  the  refiiiance  muft  be  lefs,  and  con^ 
fequently  the  motion  in  flying  ftronger  and  fwifter. 

To  the  third  I  anfwer,  there  is  no  need  of  fuppofing  thefe 
fowls  raife  themfelves  above  the  clouds,  becaufe  thefe,  confifting 
of  vaft  expanded  bodies,  muft  fwim  as  the  atmofphere  carries 
them,  except  in  winds  contrary  to  the  diurnal  rotation  ;  for  in 
this  cafe  they  are  carried  weftward.  This  impulfe  we  fee  at 
times  very  fmall,  and  therefore  it  lays  under  a  convi6lion,  that 
there  is  no  great  force  neceflary  to  tranfport  a  body  high  in  the 
air  contrary  to  the  motion  of  the  atmofphere. 

As 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  267 

As  to  the  fourth  objedlion,   though  quails  in  their  pafTage  are 
not  properly  aflifled  by  the  diurnal  rotation,  yet  they  raife  them- 
felves  very  high,   and  in  fonie  fenfe  may  be  faid  to  have  that  afr. 
fiftance,   as  we  fee  a  boat  may  be  carried  down  a  flream,    and  by 
that  means,  with  very  little  help,  reach  the  other  fide  of  the  river; 
but  as  to  the  paflage  of  quails  from  Africa  to  Italy,   we  have  not 
yet  been  told  what  afTiftance  they  may  have  of  retrefliing  them- 
felves  on  the  iflands  of  Sicily,  Malta,  or  others  in  the  Mediteranean. 
As  to  fwallows,   wdiatever  has  been  faid  as  to  their  being  found 
in  holes   during   the  winter,   and  fometimes  under  water,   I  am 
convinced  from  many  obfervations,  that  as  flies  are  their  prey,  fo 
when  our  fummer  puts  an  end  to  thefe  flies,  the  fwallows  mult 
remove   to  warmer  countries ;   and  though  it  may  be  true  that 
they  have  been  found  in  holes.   Sec,  yet  I  am  convinced,  tbat  if 
they  had  continued  in  thefe  circumflances  for  any  time  longer, 
they  had  never  returned  to  life. 

As  to  the  return  of  thefe  fowls  to  the  place  whence  they  came, 
if  they  are  really  aflifted  by  the  diurnal  rotation,  their  paflage 
muft  be  ft  ill  weft  ward  till  they  are  at  their  journey's  end. 


LXXVUI. 

Remarks  on  a  Paper  intitled  Obfervations  on  the  Flight  and  Paflage 
of  Fowls  which  come  into  Britain  at  certain  Seafons,  by  Mr. 
John  Machin,  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Society. 

The  defign  of  the  difcourfe  is  to  folve  certain  difliculties  w  hich 
arife  from  confidering  the  vaft  progrefs  which,  in  the  author's  ac- 
count, is  made  in  a  very  fliort  time  by  birds  of  palfage  in  their 
annual  tranfmigrations  from  country  to  country.      His  opinion 

M  m   2  is 


268     M  R.    M  A  C  H I N     ON    THE    FLIGHT     OF     BIRDS. 

is,  that  wild  geefe,  and  other  fowl,  which  vifit  this  ifland  and 
the  neighbouring  countries  at  certain  ieafons  of  the  year,  do  come 
diredly  from  the  northern  parts  of  Mufcovy  and  Tartary  %  and 
muft  confequently  make  a  pafTage  of  near  600  miles  at  one 
ftretch,  over  the  German  ocean,  there  being  no  place  for  them 
to  alight  either  for  rell  or  food ;  notwithftanding  which,,  he  ob- 
ferves,  they  difcover  no  figns  at  their  firft  arrival  of  being  wafted 
with  the  fatigue  of  this  extraordinary  flight,  but  on  the  contrary 
are  as  fat  then  as  ever  aftei wards,  and  are  found  with  food  re- 
maining in  their  ftomachs.  As  to  the  places  from  whence  thefe 
]>irds  come  to  us,  he  judges  of  it  by  comparing  many  circum- 
Itances  :  he  concludes  it  muft  be  a  very  large  country,  becaufe 
of  the  great  multitude  of  fowl  which  is  furnilhed  from  it  every 
feafon.  That  it  is  a  country  to  the  eaftward  appears,  from  that 
they  are  always  obferved  to  come  from  that  quarter  ;  and  that  it 
is  a  northern  climate,  he  collects  from  confidering  the  circum- 
ftances  of  the  times  in  which  they  are  obferved  to  come  to,,  and  go 
oft"  from,  this  ifland  ;  for  as  they  arrive  in  Odober  or  November 
before  the  hard  frofts,  and  leave  the  ifland  when  the  marftiy 
grounds  where  they  gather  food  begin  to  be  thawed  and  uncover- 
ed with  fnow  in  the  countries  whence  they  came,  it  is  a  plain  in- 
dication their  progrefs  is  made  from  a  colder  towards  a  warmer 
climate,  and  their  return  ta  it  when  they  can  there  find  food 
again.  Wherefore,  fince  the  northern  parts  of  Mufcovy  and  Tar- 
tary are  the  countries,  as  he  judges,  wherein  unite  all  thele  cir- 
cumi^ances,  and  which  m.iift  therefore,  as  he  concludes,  be  the 
countries  whence  they  come  direcftly  to  us,  hereupon  rifes  a  great 
dilpute,  to  explain  how  it  is  that  thefe  birds  which  at  other  times, 
even  when  purfued,  cannot  fly  fafter  than  after  the  rate  of  i  5 
iniles  an  hour,  fliall  yet  be  able  to  perform  fo  long  a  pafl'age  as 

*  See  Remarks  on  Birds  of  Paffage  in  Geat.  Mag.  for  OiTlober,  1748. 

this 


MR.     MA  CHIN    ON    THE    FLIGHT     OF     BIRDS.     269 

this  is,  in  ib  fhort  a  time,  as,  by  the  pUght  in  which  they  arc 
found  when  they  firitcome  hither,  it  manifcftiy  appears  they  do 
it  in  ? 

For  the  fokition  of  this  diflicuky,  the  author  lays  down  the 
following  hypothefis.  The  birds  of  i")airuge,  when  upon  their 
deligned  tranfmigration  to  another  country,  mount  perpendicu- 
larly to  a  confiderable  height  in  the  air,  and  thereby  gain  three 
advantages  in  facilitating  their  pafTage  :  firll:,  by  removing  farther 
from  the  center  of  the  earth,  they  grow  lighter ;.  fecondly,  hy 
arriving  into  the  regions  of  the  atmofphere  where  the  air  is  more 
rarified,  they  meet  with  lefs  refillance  in  their  flight  ;  thirdly 
and  principally,,  by  being  freed  from  the  refiftance  of  the  atmof- 
phere, they  are  no.  longer  under  the  imprefTion  of  its  motion,  and 
confecjuently  not  being  carried  round  with  the  earth  in  its  diurnal 
rotation,  they  are  left  at  liberty,  fo  that,  by  only  hovering  in  the 
fame  place,  they  mull  be  brought  over  different  countries  well- 
ward,  as  the  earth  turns  upon  its  axis  to  the  eail,  and  thus  per- 
form a  paffage  almoft  as  fall  one  way,  as  the  globe  itfelf  tin-ns 
the  contrary  way,  that  is,  after  the  rate  of  900  miles  an  hour 
under  the  equinoxial,  and  after  the  rate  of  between  5  and  600 
miles  an  hour  in  our  latitude. 

Now,  without  entering  into  an  examination  of  the  truth  of 
the  fadl,  whether  fuch  extraordinary  paflage  is  adlually  made  or 
not,  and  withcnit  enquiring  where  thofe  limits  of  the  atmofphere 
are,  in  which  it  is  impoflible  for  a  bird  to  live  either  for  v/ant  of  air 
a  due  heat  to  preferve  it  from  chilling  or  freezing,  or  of  a  due 
quantity  for  refpiration  ;  I  fliall  confine  myfelf  to  the  bare  con- 
fideration  of  the  hypothefis,  in  order  to  difcover  how  far  it  may 
condvice  to  afford  the  advantages  which  are  to  be  obtained  by  it. 

Firll,  the  advantage  to  be  gained  in  leflening  the  weight  is  al. 
together  inconfiderable  ;  for  theg  ravity  of  bodies  increafes  in  a 
duplicate  proportion  of  the  diftance  from  the  center  of  the  earth, 

fo 


£7o    N^  I^.    M  A  C  H  I  N    O  N   T  H  E  F  L  I  G  H  T    OF    BIRDS, 

fo  that  in  a  few  miles  diftance  from  the  furfaceof  the  diminution 
of  the  weight,  it  is  but  a  very  fmall  part  of  the  whole  :   for  in- 
itance,   at  ten  miles  diftance,  which  is  the  four  hundredth  part  qf 
the   femi-diameter,    it    diminilhes  but  the   200th  part   of  the 
^vhole  ;   at  20  miles  diftance,  which  is  the  200th  part  of  the  fe- 
nn-diameter,  the  diminution  of  the  weight  is  no  more  than  the 
1 00th  part  of  the  whole  ;   at  forty  miles  diftance,  waich  is  the 
1 00th   part  of  the  femi-diameter,  the  diminution  of  weight  is 
about  the  50th  part  of  the  whole  ;  hut  at  this   diftance  of  40^ 
miles,  the  atmofphere  in  a  manner  ceafes,  the  air  not  being  dif- 
coverable  by  any  refle6lion  of  light,  or  any  other  fenfible  appear- 
ances :   and,  according  to  the  rule  of  the  rarification  of  the  air, 
if  it  holds  on  to  that  diftance,  the  air  ought  to  be  4000  times  more 
rariiied  there  than  it  is  about  a  mile  or  two  from  the  furface  of 
the  earth  :  for  the  rarification  is  double  in   3^  miles  height,  and 
■quadruple^  in  every  {even  miles,   and  fo  on.      From  which  it  ap- 
pears, that  a  bird  cannot   poftibly  gain  the  advantage  of  loling 
more  than  the  50th  part  of  its  weight,  although  it  Ihould  rife  to 
the  top  of  the  atmofphere. 

As  to  the  fecond  advantage  propofed  by  their  flying  into  thefe 
upper  regions,  where  the  refiftance    of  the  air  is  leflened  ;  this, 
when  confidered,  will  prove  to  be  a  difadvantage  :   for  an  abate- 
ment in  the  refiftance  of  the  air  is  in  eftecfl  an  abatement  of  force 
in  flying  ;    but,  if  it  fliould  be  granted  that  it  is  an  advantage, 
yet  it  is  one  that  cannot  be  obtained  in  that  part    of  the  atmof- 
phere where  the  author  fuppofes  the  flight  to  be  made,  viz.  un- 
tlerneath  the  clouds.      For  the  air  beneath  the  clouds  follows   a 
ditFerent  rule  of  rarefaction  from  that  which  is  above  the  clouds. 
Tlie  denfity  of  the  air  depends  upon  two  caufes.    It  is  condenfed 
bv  the  weight  of  the  incumbent  atmofphere,   and  is  rarefied  by 
the  reflecfted   heat  of  the  earth,    by  which  means  it   becomes 
not  denfcft  near  the  earth,   but  it  grows  denfer  and  dcnfer  in  its, 
7  '  progrefs 


MR.  MACHIN    ON    THE    FLIGHT    OF    BIRDS.     271 

progrefs  upward,  as  the  refleded  heat  ccafcs,  and  comes  at  laft 
to  its  limit  of  greatefl  denfity,  which,  I  fuppole,  may  be  in,  or 
near  the  place  where  the  vapours  or  clouds  arc  laifed  to  by  its 
heat:  birds  do,  in  all  probability,  find  an  advantage  in  flying 
high  ;  but  it  is  not  from  the  abatement,  but  from  the  increafe  of 
the  refiftance,  for  the  air  being  denier  and  more  buoyant,  it  af- 
fords a  ftronger  fpring  to  the  wings  in  flying. 

The  laft  and  principal  point,  and  that  alone  which  is  intended 
to  contain    a  folution  of  the  difficulty,    in  fliewing  after  what 
manner  thefe  birds  do  perform  fo  great  a  paflage  in  fo  Ihort  a 
time,  namely,  by   being  freed  from   the  diurnal  motion  of  the 
earth   as  fooii  as  they   are  freed  from  the  refiftance  of  the    air, 
is  indeed  nothing  more  than    a   meer  opinion,    not   warranted 
by  any  authority^  nor  in  any  manner  to  be  reconciled  with  the 
ertablilhed    doftrines,   or   known  experiments    of  motion ;     for 
bodies   move    along   with   the   earth  as   parts  with   the    whole, 
Avhethcr   there  be  any    atmofphere    or  not.      The  atmofjjhere 
may  by  degrees  communicate  its  motion  to  bodies  floating  in 
it;   but  e^ery  body  moving  wirh  the  earth  will  continue  in  the 
fame  motion  aftci   it  is  loofened  from  it,   without   the  afliftance 
of  an   aimf)fphere,   unlefs  that  motion  be  other  wife  altered  or 
deftroyed.      Thus  a  body  will  fall  in  a    receiver   in  vacuo   per- 
pendicularly, in  the  fame  manner  as   it  docs   in  the  open  air; 
thus  when  a  lx)dy  falls  from  the  top  of  a  maft  in  a  fliip  under 
fail  to  the  bottom,  juft  as  if  the  fliip  was  at  reft,   fuch  body  is 
carried  along  with  the  fliip  not  with  the  air,  but  by  the  con- 
tinuance of  that  motion  which  it  had  with  the  fliip  before  it 
was  loofened   from  it.      In  the  fame  manner,  if  the  body  fall 
from  the  top  of  an  edifice,  it  will  fall  to  the  bottom  by  going 
along   with  the  earth   in   its   annual  motion,   after  the  rate  of 
icoo    miles  in  a  minute,    and  its   diurnal    motion,    afrer  the 
rate  of  fome  hundred  of  miles  in  an  hour;    not  becaufe  thefe 

motions 


272    MR.    MACHIN    ON    THE    FLIGHT    OF    BIRDS. 

motions  are  communicated  to  it  by  the  atmofphere,  but  becaufe 
they  were  ia  the  body  before  it  fell,  and  continue  in  it  while 
it   was   falling. 

However,  that  it  may  more  fully  appear,  whether  any 
motion,  and  what,  may  be  derived  to  a  body  on  the  earth  in  re- 
fped  of  other  bodies  by  means  of  the  earth's  motions,  1  fliall  add 
a  word  or  two  concerning  each  of  thefe  with  this  view. 

'J "he  annucd  motion  of  the  earth  is  a  real  tranllation  of  the 
whole  from  place  to  j^lace,  and  confequently  aftedts  every  part  of 
it  alike,  and  every  thing  belonging  to  it,  whether  loofe  or  fixed, 
fo  that  all  bodies  continuing  in  the  fame  fituation,  are  in  the 
fame  condition  with  refpeft  to  each  other  as  if  the  earth  were  at 
rett,  nor  is  there  any  way  by  tranllating  a  body  from  one  place 
to  another,  to  communicate  any  new  motion  to  it  by  means  of 
•this  motionv  The  diurnal  motion  not  being  a  tranflation  of  the 
whole,  but  a  rotation  upon  its  axis,  it  affects  bodies  differently 
according  to  their  different  fituations  on  the  earth  or  in  the  at- 
nx)i'phere  ;  fo  that  a  body  being  tranflated  from  one  place  to 
another,  may  gain  or  loie  of  its  motion  by  this  motion  of  the 
earth,  although  not  in  that  degree  as  this  author  fuppofes,  nor 
in  that  manner.  I  fliall  jull:  mention  an  inftance  or  two  by  the 
way,   leaving  it  as  a  meer  matter  of  computation. 

In  a  perpendicular  flight  to  the  height  of  about  lo  miles  a 
bird  may  gain  fome  motion  to  the  weft  of  about  two  or  three 
miles  in  an  hour,  hi  a  flight  directly  north  or  fouth  (fuppofing 
the  atmofphere  does  not  imprefs  its  own  motion  by  degrees),  a 
cc  nfiderable  motion  may  be  gained  to  the  eaft  or  weft. 

If  the  flight  be  near  the  polar  parts,  and  continue  24  hours, 
the  motion  gained  eaft  or  weft,  according  as  the  flight  is  towards 
or  from  the  pole,  will  amount  to  fix  times  as  much  as  the  acflual 
flight.  If  it  continue  but  12  hours,  it  will  be  but  three  times 
as  much  as  the  bird's  own  flight,  and  fo  in  proportion.  Other 
inftanccs  might  be  given,  but  thefe  are  the  moft  considerable. 

LXXIX. 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO     MR.    G  A  J.  E.  273 


LXXIX. 

Obfervations  on  the  Remarks  made  by  Mr.  Machin,  in  relation 
to  the  Traniit  ot"  Fowls,  contained  in  a  pajicr  fent  to  IvOuer 
Gale,  Efq.   by  Sir  John  Clerk. 

Mr.  Machin  has,  with  a  good  deal  of  knowledge  in  all  parts 
of  natural  philofophy,  made  thefe  remarks  ;  but  the  author  of 
the  paper  in  relation  to  the  tranfit  of  fowls  from  one  country  to  ' 
another  prefumes  that,  from  what  is  here  fubjoined,  it  will 
appear,  the  objedlions  made  to  the  tranlit  aforefaid,  by  the  help 
of  the  diurnal  motion  of  the  earth,  are  not  fo  well  founded  as 
entirely  to  overturn  fuch  an  hypothefis. 

It  is  granted  that,   by  the    principles  of  natural   philofophy 
which    now  generally  obtain,   there   have   been    feveral  things 
advanced  in  this  hypothefis,   which  cannot  be  received  ;   but  the 
author  prefumes  to  think,   that  there  are  many  received  notions 
of  philofophy  which  will  ftili    admit  of    fubfcantial  ob]edions 
againft  them.     We  fee,  for  inlfance,  in  fome  things,  that  daily  ex- 
periences and  difcoveries   do  contradi6t  all  philofophical  reafon- 
ings.      Water  has  been  thought  the  only  element  in  which  filhes 
can  live  and  breathe  ;  and  yet  we  find  by  experience  that  fome 
fiflies,   as  carps,  eels,   and  others,  will  not  only  live  out  of  water, 
but  even  grow  fat,  by  being  kept  in  wet  hay  or  ftraw,   and  fed 
with  food  they  have  not  been  accuftomed  to  :   we  fee,   that  fome 
fowls  will  be  frozen  to  death  by  cold,  whereas  others  can  endure 
all  kinds  of  ftorms,   and  fit  on   fnow  and  ice  without  the  leaft 
danger.      Thefe  things  1  only  mention  as  more  immediately  re- 
lating to  what  is  here  fubjoined  for  fu^jporting  my  hypothefis.  ■ 

N  n  I  fliall, 


Z74  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

I  fliall,  in  the  next  place,  fairly  flate  the  obje6lions  made  by 
the  learned  Mr.  Machin,  and  give  fuch  anfwers  as  may  in  ibme 
meafure  illuftratc  what  I  advanced  in  my  former  papers. 

1.  Mr.  Machin  fays,  that  the  tranfit  by  the  diurnal  motion  of 
the  earth  is  a  mere  opinion,  and  contradidtory  to  the  received 
principles  of  philofophy,  for  that  tlie  atmofphere  conftitutes  a 
l^art  of  the  earth,  and  accompanies  it  both  in  its  annual  and  di- 
urnal motion,  I  anfwer,  that,  though  this  be  true  in  general, 
yet  there  may  be  a  part  of  the  atmofphere  which  for  rarety  ap- 
proaches near  to  pure  tether,  and  does  not  follow  the  earth  with 
the  fame  rapidity  as  thofe  parts  which  are  moft  denfe.  Some 
of  thefe  fine  parts  may  fly  off,  or  lye  behind,  according  to 
the  notion  of  Sir  Ifaac  Newton,  as  of  the  tails  of  comets,  when 
they  chance  to  fall  within  the  fpheres  of  activity  of  planets.  If 
this  be  the  cafe,  that  the  upper  parts  of  the  atmofphere  may  fly 
off  or  mix  in  xther,  it  will  follow,  that  there  can  be  little  re- 
liilance  to  a  body  tending  againft  them ;  fo  that  the  whole  dif- 
ficulty will  then  be,  whether  a  fowl  can  fly  where  there  is  little 
or  no  fpring  of  air,   and  if  it  can  breathe  in  fuch  a  fituation. 

To  illuftrate  the  more  what  I  have  advanced  here,,  let  us 
fappofe  an  aromatical  body  fet  in  a  circular  motion,  for  inftance, 
a  nutmeg  ;  the  effluvia  near  its  body  may  circulate  with  it,  but 
thofe  at  a  diftance  will  no  ways  be  afte6led  by  its  motion.  Further 
we  may  obferve,  that  the  diurnal  rotation  of  the  earth  eaftwards 
does  not  always  affe6t  the  clouds ;  for  fometimes  in  a  ferene  day, 
and  when  there  is  little  or  no  wind  in  the  upper  regions,  fome 
clouds  will  take  a  flow  courfe  weftward  :  no  doubt,  this  proceeds 
from  eafterly  winds;  but  then  it  proves,  that  even  foft  and  fmall 
Vvincls  will  prevail  againft  the  diurnal  rotation  in  thofe  regions 
where  the  air  is  very  rare.  If  we  fay,  that  fuch  clouds  only 
hover  above  us,  and  the  rotation  of  the  earth  eaftward  makes 
them  feem   to   go  weftward,   it   proves  fufficiently  what  I  have 

,_  .       advanced 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    (J  A  L  E.  275 

advanced  in  the  tranfic  of  fowls,  (viz.)  that  if  they  only  hover 
above,  and  much  more  if  they  make  any  endeavours  \vcftward, 
they  will  be  uffifted  by  the  diurnal  rotation  :  if  it  be  faid,  there 
is  no  more  in  a  cloud's  going  weft,  than  in  a  (liip's  failing  Vvcft, 
J  anfwer,  that  if  a  fliip  was  fuch  bulk  as  not  to  be  alfcdlcd  with 
eafterly  winds,  {he  would  remain  to  follow^  the  direction  of  the 
feas  :  novi^,  if  a  fmall  wind  can  carry  a  body  weftward,  where 
the  denfity  and  refillance  of  the  air  is  great,  a  much  Icfs  force 
will  do,  where  the  vifible  diftance  is  fmall  from  the  rarity  of  the 
air. 

A  fecond  objecTtion  againft  fome  part  of  my  reafoning,  as  to  the 
weight  of  fowls  diminiflied,  is,  that  this  diminifhed  weight  would 
be  fo  fmall,  that  it  would  give  them  very  little  advantage  in  their 
flight.      I  anfwer,   that  if  it  be  true  that  the  weight  is  only  di- 
miniflied in   a   duplicatiJ  proportion  of  their  diilance,   yet   ftill 
there  is  an  advantage  ;   and  befides  it  is  to  be  obferved,  that  the 
higher  they  rife,  the  more  the  incumbent  weight  of  the  atmof- 
phere  is  taken  off.     This  dimunition  of  weight  has  been  ob- 
ferved by  Mr.  Derham,  by  the  help  of  the  barometer,  even  in 
the  gradual  afcent  of  the  Monument  in  London.      It  is  the  fame 
thing  in  the  air,  ceteris  paril/usy  as  it  is  in  the  water,   as  to  mo- 
tion and  weight ;   for  the  deeper  a  Ihip  is  loaden,  and  the  more 
water  flie  draws  to  fwdm  in,  the  flower  will  flie  move. 

Objedion  3.  That  fowls,  at  the  height  they  are  fuppofed  to 
fly  by  my  notions  of  their  tranfits,  will  be  frozen  to  death,  by 
reafon  of  the  cold  in  the  upper  regions  of  the  air. — I  anfwer, 
that  there  is  no  difficulty  in  fu])pofing  that  fome  fowls  are  of  that 
conftitution  as  to  be  able  to  refill:  any  kind  of  cold;  of  this  kind 
it  is  certain  that  wild  geefe  and  woodcocks  are,  whereas  many 
others,  as  partridges  and  pheafants,  have  been  found  benumbed 
with  cold,  and  even  frozen  to  death  in  fome  places;  but  there 
is   not   fo  much   cold  near  the  clouds,   though  probably  moun- 

N  n   2  tains 


276  SIR     JOHN     CLERK    TO     M  R.     GALE. 

tains  of  ice  and  fnow,  as  fome  may  imagine,  for  fnch  often  re- 
fie6t  great  heats;  thus  we  fee,  that  burning  concaves  will  melt 
gold,  and  convert  rtones  into  glafs,  though  their  fubftance  be 
cold  iron,  or  fome  other  fuch  metal.  Concave  clouds  of  ice 
and  fnow  may  have  the  fame  effeiSts,  and  warm  at  a  diftance  the 
oppolite  parts  of  the  atmofphere;  nor  is  there  any  neceffity  that 
even  fuch  clouds  fliould  be  hard  and  folid,  for  Dr.  Boerhaave, 
in  fome  parts  of  his  beok  of  Chemiftry,  takes  notice,  that  in 
Germany  fome  of  thofe  burning  concaves  are  made  of  wood 
gilded,  and  fome  of  ftraw.  The  fame  Boerhaave  takes  notice 
tike  wife,  that  in  Bohemia  there  is  a  mountain  called  Pico  de 
Thudc,  which  retains  the  fnow  only  about  the  middle  of  it; 
but  the  top,  being  above  the  clouds,  is  ferene  and  without  fnow; 
hence,  I  obferve,  it  is  difficult  to  tell  what  degrees  of  heat  and 
eoid  are  near  the  clouds ;  I  rather  fuppofe,  that  the  heat  in- 
creafes  above  the  clouds  in  proportion  to  the  diftance  from  the 
I'un's  body  ;  for  if  it  were  othervvifcy  the  tails  of  comets,  as  Sir 
i-faac  Newton  imagines,  would  not  furnifh  fo  much  moifture  as 
to  repair  defeils  in  the  planets  ;  their  vapours  would  be  frozen 
and  probably  adhere  more,  unlefs  they  fell  within  the  atmof- 
phere of  planets,   which  wanted  fuch  reparations. 

As  to  the  objedlion  againft  the  tranfit,  by  reafon  of  a  diffi- 
culty in  rcfpiration,  that  which  I  have  obfervedin  the  beginning 
of  this  paper,  as  to  fillies  living  without  their  proper  element, 
may  be  an  anfwer  ;  for  why  may  not  a  woodcock  or  wild  goofe. 
live  a?  well  in  a  thin  air,  for  a  few  hours  efpecially,  as  in  a  thick, 
in. which  it  is  fuppofed  their  tranfit  from  different  countries 
may  be  performed  ? 

As  to  the  want  of  a  due  fpring  of  air,  which  Mr.  Machin  takes 
notice  of  at  great  heights,  no  doubt,  if  we  will  canfine  ourfelves 
to  the  received  notions  and  opinions  which  at  prefent  i^revail,  this 
may  be  a  great  difficulty;   but,  if  we  can  fuppofe  that  fowls  at 

a  height 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  277 

a  height  can  fwim  in  the  air,  like  a  cloud,  \\  ithout  any  motion  at 
all,  then  the  difficulty  will  be  Icfs.  I  believe,  there  is  nobody 
who  has  lived  in  mountainous  countries,  but  hath  often  fcen 
the  eagles  fly  at  great  heights  with  their  wings  expanded,  for 
miles  together,  without  any  fenfible  motion  ;  which  proves  be- 
yond any  poflibility  of  contradidtion,  that  fowls  at  great  heights 
need  not  labour  much  in  their  tranfmigrations ;  and  I  conclude, 
if,  at  fuch  heights,  they  can  tend  weftward,  they  may  poffibly 
be  affifted  by  the  diurnal  rotation  of  the  globe,  where  the  den- 
fity  of  the  atmofphere,  from  the  effluvia  of  the  earth  and  the 
incumbent  weight,    is  diminiflied. 


LXXX.. 

Letter  from  Sir  John  Clerk,  relating  to  his  Diflertation  "  DeStyHs 
Veterum,"  his  Hypothefis  of  the  Tranfmigration  of  Fow  Is,  and 
a  piece  of  Gold  found  in  the  Nortii  of  Scotl^an  d,    1731. 

C  r  -R  rcnn\  cuick, 

"^^  ^y  >'   ■  March  31,  17J,. 

I  beg  leave  to  introduce  my  fon  to  the  honour  and  happinefs  of 
your  acquaintance.  Yours  of  the  2d  of  this  inflant  has  given 
rae  a  frefli.  proof  of  your  friendfliip,  and  lays  mc  under  tlie 
gfeateft  obligations.  I  find  you  have  made  my  httle  perfonnancc 
acceptable  to  your  two  learned  focieties,  and  have  taken  the  troii- 
ble  to  make  an  abftracft  of  it  in  Englifli;  thefe  are  favours  wlucli 
I  can  never  forget,  though  it  wifl  never  be  in  my  power  to  re- 
quite them.  There  are  a  few  things  which  I  fliould  have  men- 
tioned in  that  dificrtation,   if  I   had  underflood  them;   pleafe  to: 

a-llow 


273  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

allow  me  to  lay  them  before  you  for  your  opinion,  when  bufinefs 
will  give  you  leifure  to  think  of  them.  I  tind  in  the  7th  Satire 
of  Juvenal,  ver.  23. 

Ctocea  menihrana  tahslla. ; 
That  which  gives  me  difficulty  in  it  is,  a  notion  of  fome  com- 
mentators that  it  relates  to  the  cover  of  a  dedication.  I  confefs, 
I  have  no  fuch  opinion,  but  take  the  words  in  a  very  fimple 
fenfc,  and  to  mean  no  more  than  a  neat  covering  to  the  work  ; 
ibr  this  may  be  one  of  the  pri-cfidla^  which  the  poet  mentions  in 
order  to  fet  off  a  bad  performance. 

What  do  you  think  of  the  catagraphos  thynos  in  Catullus  ? 
What  does  Horace  mean  by   thefe  words,  in  his   3d  Satire, 
J.ib.  2? 

■immeritufque  laborat 
Iratis  paries  7iatus  Diis  atque  Poetiu 
Some  of  the  commentators  fancy,  that  the  ancients  ufed  to  write 
their  inventions  on  a  whitened  wall,  and  this  wall,  it  feems,  was 
to  be  beat,  becaufe  Damafippus  could  produce  nothing.  1  know 
not  but  this  may  be  the  fenfe  of  it;  yet,  methinks,  the  commen- 
tators fliould  have  faid  more,  {viz,^  that  this  might  have  been  a 
paries facer^  in  the  fenfe  Horace  takes  it  in  the  5th  Ode,  Lib.  i. 

Me  tabula  facer 

Votivd  paries  indie  at  iivida, 
Stifpendijfe  potenti 
Vejlimenta  maris  Deo. 
In  that  Differtation,   I  fliould  perhaps  have  noted,  that  Attains 
M'as  faid  by  fome  to  have  been  the  inventor  of  parchment,  but 
this  did  not  feem  to  have  had  any  other  foundation  than  that  he 
was  a  very  rich  king. 

I  hope  you  received  the  laft  *  paper  I  fent  you,  in  relation  to  the 
obfeivations  the  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Society  was  pleafed  to  make 

*  See  Obfervatlons  by  Sir  John  Clerk  on  Mr.  Machin's  Remarks,  p.  273. 

on 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    U  R.     GALE.  279 

on  the  firft  I  fent.  It  was  not  worth  his  while  to  feek  any  reputa- 
tion, by  anfwering  a  paper  I  never  intended  for  the  pubHc  view, 
but  merely  to  divert  you  by  a  kind  of  Arabian  or  Perfian  tale  ;  he 
will  forgive  me  if  I  wrong  him,  but  in  one  of  the  newfpapers 
two  or  three  months  ago,  I  obferved  a  paragraph  to  this  pur- 
port ;  "  that  the  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Society  had  prefented  an 
anfwer  of  his  to  a  paper  fent  by  a  foreigner  •■•,  and  defired  it  might 
be  recorded  ;  however,  that  it  was  refufed."  I  wiPa  it  was  not 
this  foreigner ;  but  his  paper  was  fo  dreffcd  up,  that,  from  the 
beginning,  I  fufpedied  he  had  a  defign  to  make  it  part  of  his  phi- 
lofophical  lucubrations ;  no  doubt,  I  am  in  mighty  contempt 
with  him  for  contradidling  fo  many  received  principles. 

I  thank  you  heartily  for  the  Perith  hifcription  you  fent  me: 
though  your  conje^flures  were  not  the  Ne  plus  ultra  of  every 
thing  relating  to  antiquity,  I  fliould  very  much  appro\  e  of  them, 
as  to  this  infcription. 

The  fiime  juft  opinion  I  have  of  you,  makes  me  defire  to 
have  your  fentiments  on  this  piece  of  antiquity  inclofed.  The 
account  I  give  you  of  it  is  exadlly  right,  only  I  cannot  be  pofitive 
if  it  was  found  in  an  urn  or  cavern.  I  was  told  it  was  an  urn,- 
but  have  fent  to  the  north,  to  be  better  informed  about  it ;  nor 
doubt  but  it  is  very  ancient,  yet  I  cannot  believe  it  is  Roman. 

I  thank  you  for  your  civilities  to  my  brother  about  three  years 
ago,  molt  kindly  :  he,  I  believe,  will  wait  upon  you  m  ith  my 
fcn,  being  to  ftay  in  England  two  or  rliree  weeks.  Polliblv  my 
fon  may  defire  to  fee  the  old  earl  of  Pembroke,  and  perhaps  mv 
lord  Hertford  :  I  am  unwilling  to  give  a  good  friend  any  trouble, 
yet,   I  believe,  you  muft  introduce  him.      I  {tx-xt  the  old  earl  one 

*  This  is  all  a  miftaVe,  for  neither  was  Sir  John  Clerk's  papers  read  before  ihe  Ro\al  So- 
ciety, nor  Mr.  Machin's  Obfervations  ;  the  paper  iVoai  the  foreigner,  here  fufpefit- d,  v>aj  ouite 
another  thing.     R.  G. 

of. 


2So  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

of  my  DiiTertations,  with  a  letter;  but  have  not  heard  from  him. 
I  am,  by  the  greatcit  ties  of  friendlhip  and  afiecTtion,  dear  Sir, 
Yours,   Sec.  John  Clerk. 

The  figure  of  an  antique  piece  of  gold,  found  in  the  north  of 
Scotland,  A.  D.  173 1,  mentioned  in  the  preceding  letter. 
See  Plate  VL  fig.  5. 

This  piece  of  antiquity  ^■-  was  found  in  an  urn,  and  is  of  the 
c)io.il  fiiape  and  bignefs  as  it  is  here  reprefented.  Whether  it  is 
Roman,  or  Danifn,  or  Piclifli,  is  very  doubtful,  and  it  will  be 
difhcult  to  guefs  at  the  ufe  for  which  it  was  intended. 

The  parts  A.  B.  are  hollow  like  little  cups  or  fockets,  and  the 
fides  very  thin;  there  is  a  fmall  circle  within  the  verge,  which 
has  had  a  red  fubftance  adhering  to  it  like  cement,  as  if  it  had 
ferved  to  fix  fome  kind  of  body  within  the  fockets.  The  part 
C.  is  folid,  and  the  v.- hole  piece  may  be  of  the  weight  of  7  or  8 
guineas,   and  the  gold  is  thought  to  be  of  the  fineft  kind. 


LXXXL 

Letter  from  Sir  John  Clerk,  concerning  the  DilTertation  de 
Stylis  Veterura,  Confecranei,  Flight  of  Wild  Fowl,  and 
llattle  Snakes. 

Edenburgli, 
March  1731-2. 

I  troubled  you  with  a  letter  fome  days  ago,  which  I  fuppofe 
Colonel  Horfley  has  delivered  to  you,  together  with  three  copies, 
of  a  fliort  DilTertation  of  mine  "  De  ftylis  Veterum."    I  had  no  time 

*  See  hereafter  a  Letter  from  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,   May    4,    173s.    and   Archxclogia, 
vol.  Jl.  p.  40. 

2  then 


SIR    JO  FIN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  2S1 

then  to  make  obfervatjons  on  the  Secretary's  Remarks  on  my 
paper  concerning  the  tranfit  of  fowls,  but  the  Exchequer  affairs 
being  over,  1.  have  fent  you  what  occurred  to  me  for  ilhirtrating 
or  fuj)porting  my  hypothefis.  1  beUeve  indeed  that  I  have  ad- 
vanced more  than  I  can  maintain,  ami  yet  I  am  not  convinced  oi 
the  abfolute  impoffibility  of  the  thing.  It  is  unfafliionablc,  I 
acknowledge,  to  contradi(St  the  prefent  received  princij)les  in  i')hi- 
lofophy,  and  therefore  I  am  obliged  to  you  that  you  concealed 
my  name  when  you  gave  my^  paper  to  that  gentleman. 

I  thank  you  for  the  infcription  you  fent  me,  though  it  was 
the  very  fame  I  vvas  to  fend  you,  having  received  it  fome  weeks 
before  from  Mr.  Horfley  *.  I  agree  with  you  in  your  reading, 
though  Mr.  Horfley  feems  to  Hick  to  his  :  the  word  is  certainly 
confecraneis.  It  is  to  be  found,  not  only  in  the  place  you  men- 
tion in  Capitolinus,  but  in  Tertullian,  and  likewife  in  fome  law 
in  Juftinian's  Codex,  though  I  cannot  fall  jufl  upon  the  place-. 
It  is  a  late  word,  but  emphatic,  and  differs  from  conjecratoribus. 
^'j/XjUlV/j?  is  that  which  in  Greek  comes  neareft  to  it,  as  I  fuppofe. 

As  to  our  Rattle  Snake,  it  poifoned  in  the  fame  way  as  yours, 
and  by  degrees  the  poifoning  went  off.  I  fuppofe,  if  it  had  lived 
till  this  time,  it  had  never  recovered  this  quality,  becaufe  in 
Britain,  neither  our  fun  nor  our  earth  will  furnifli  fuch  ma- 
lignant juices  as  it  feems  thefe  creatures  fuck  up  in  America; 
our  vipers  or  adders  have  indeed  a  poifonous  quality,  but  feldom 
dangerous.  I  believe,  the  hemlock,  and  other  forts  of  venom- 
ous plants,   are  likewife  not  fo  dangerous  as  in  other  parts. 

I  am  delighted  with  the  accounts  you  have  fent  me  of  the 
new  difcovered  antiquities,  four  miles  fouth  of  Canterbury,  and 
will  be  glad  to  know  more  of  them  at  leifure. 

As  to  the  queftion  you  afk  me,  if  ever  I  met  with  any  Danifli 
urns  of  glafs,  1  cannot  pofitively  anfwer  it ;  but  I  have  one  glafs 

*  Northumb.  xciv.  p,  243. 

O  o  of 


zEz  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.     GALE. 

of  this  form,  which  I  believe  is  Danifli  :  it  is  of  a  bkieifh  colour, 
and  fcarcely  tranfparent ;  it  includes  a  cretaceous  fubftance,  but 
few  or  no  fmall  bones.      1  am^  with  great  affedlion, 

Yours,  8cc.   J.  Clerk. 


LXXXIL 

Maurice  Johnson,  Efq.  to  Mr.  Gale,  concerning  the  tranflation 
of  the  Marquis  MafFei's  "  Complete  Hiftory  of  Ancient  Am- 
phitheatres" into  Englifh  from  the  Italian  by  Mr.  Alexander 
Gordon. 


Sir, 


Spalding,  BartholomeSv, 

1730. 


Your  agreeable  donation  to  our  library  ■'■•,  of  Mr.  Gordon's 
Tranflation  of  the  Marquis  MafFei's  Hiftory  of  Amphitheatres, 
foon  came  to  hand  after  yours  of  the  nth  inllant ;  and  lalt  Thurf- 
day  I  had  the  pleafure  of  communicating  the  very  obliging  con- 
tents of  this,  and  producing  that  at  our  Society.  Their  hearty 
thanks  I  am,  and,  as  commanded,  do  here,,  with  my  own,  return 
you,  having  juft  had  time  to  perufe  it  before,  for  it  was  delivered 
me  on  Wednefday  noon,  fo  that  I  could,  as  I  did  by  way  of  fum- 
raary,  acquaint  our  gentlemen  with  the  contents  of  that  learned 
labour;  and  fliewed  them  how  the  draughts  of  the  medals,  co- 
lumns, cornices,  architraves,  and  frizes,  uprights  and  fed:ions, 
with  the  three  feveral  curious  infcriptions,  were  fubfervient  to  il- 
luftrate  that  work,  having  before  Liplius's  Treatife  in  our  fchool- 

*  Antiquarian  Society  at  Spalding. 

library, 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    GALE,  283 

library.  But  tho'  I  did  not  there  fay  fo,  yet  to  you  my  friend,  as 
I  would  to  any  other  fingle  member  of  that  learned  Society  (as 
you  arc  fo  good  as  to  term  them)  I  may  put  my  query,  whether 
(altho'  perhaps  the  Marquis  may  himfelf  have  proved  there  weic 
more  real  ftone  amphitheatres  in  Italy  than  he  is  willing  to  allosv) 
thofe  other  there  and  in  the  provinces,  whether  built  in  wood 
like  the  firil:  in  time,  or  excavated  out  of  the  ground,  as  that*  cele- 
brated by  our  friend  Dr.  Stukeley,  or  it  brick,  if  any  fuch  there 
were,  might  nor.  ferve  us  poor  Tramontanes  to  all  the  fame  pur- 
pofes  (the  naumacbid:  only  excepted)  as  the  ftone  ones? 

From  what  notion  I  had  of  amphitheatres  before  I  read  the 
Doctor's  account,  I  really  thought  there  might  have  been  feveral, 
and  he  fatisfied  me  we  had  fuch  things  in  this  iiland,  at  leaft  in  Eng- 
land. But  1  doubt  not  of  what  the  Italian  nobleman  advances, 
that  Colofiean  amphitheatres  were  rare.  Let  us  give  him  up  that 
point  for  the  honour  of  the  Veronefe,  whofe  citizens'  great  piety  I 
am  infinitely  delighted  with  in  being  willing,  without  a  brief  on 
the  Dogado,  to  keep  the  work  of  fome  quondam  lord  of  the  uni- 
verfe  in  repair,  and  even  in  ufe  for  manly  exercifes,  of  which  I 
find  the  illuftrious  author  about  i6  years  ago  (then  tarn  Marit 
quam  Mercurio)  made  a  part. 

I  believe  with  you.  Sir,  fome  part  of  the  original  or  author's 
meaning  may  not  be  herein  fo  well  underftood  ;  but  the  book  is  a 
valuable  book,  and  accordingly,  as  coming  from  you,  Sir,  (who, 
by  honouring  us  with  your  prefence,  have  farther  ingratiated  than 
Fame  could,  which  had  reported  well  of  you)  is  received  and 
efteemed.  It  is  the  proper  office  of  a  prefident  to  make  the  com- 
pliments of  a  Society ;  I  am  to  return  you  thanks,  and  can  only  do 
it  in  my  own,  that  is,  a  plain  way. 

Now,  Sir,  as  to  amphitheatres,  Hildebrand's  Compendium  An- 
tiq.  Rom.  expreilly  fays,  Amphitheatrwn  circulari  et  ovali,   ut 

*  Near  Doncafkr. 

O  o  2  Jheatrum 


fr 


284  MR.    J  O  {I  N  S  O  N     to    RI  R.    GALE. 


T-."^ 


'Theairum  hemicycli  forma,  conJlru£lum  erat^  ^c.  p.  21.  Bafii 
Kennet  -  fays,  this  was  built  in  the  fliape  of  a  femicircle,  the 
other  generally  oval,  fo  as  to  make  the  fame  figure  as  if  two 
theatres  lliould  be  joined  together ;  and  Godwin,,  in  his  Ar- 
chDeologia,  p.  19,  fays  the  fame,  and  that  the  amphitheatres  dif- 
fered from  the  theatre  only  as  the  full  moon  doth  from  the 
half,  or  a  compleat  rundle  from  the  femicircle;  it  refembled  an 
egg. — Thefe  authors  do  not  take  upon  them  to  recount  the  am- 
phitheatres, or  fay  whether  they  owed  their  original  to  the 
Hetrufcans  or  Greece  ;  but  Charles  Stevens,  in  his  Hiitorical 
Dictionary,  col.  195,  196,  having  given  the  fame  defcription  of 
them  as  in  Hildebrand,  but  in  thefe  words,  Amphitbeatrum,  locus 
Athenis  fpediaculorum  gratia  forma  rotunda,  et  veluti  ex  duobus 
conflans  theatris,  imde  nomen  amphitheatri  impojitum ;  tbeatrum 
aiitem  hemicycli  fpecie  cofiJlru6lu7n  erat  dno  to  Q£(xc[xoci,  quod  ejl  idea 
appellatimty — adds  immediately — Co}tfuctudo  ejus  a  Gracis  fumpta 
ejlj  'riam  cum  agrorum  cultores  fefiatis  diebusfacra  diverfs  numini- 
bus  per  agros  cekbrarent^  Athenienfes  hoc  inurbanum  fpeSIaculum 
tranjlulerunt,  theatrum  Gneco  vocabulo  appellai^tes,  quod  eo  con- 
veniens turba  e  longinquo  fine  ullo  impediment 0  fpe^aret.  Hune- 
jnorem  pojlea  Roinanif  ut  pleraque  alia,  in  urbem  tranjiulerunt, — 
and  cites  Sipontinus  Martialis  —  omnis  Ccvfareo  cedat  labor 
amphitheatro.  Hinc  ludi  amphitheatrales  qui  in  ampbitheatro 
fiebant ;  Italis  hodie  Colifeo.  Fabricius  Chemnicenjis,  in  his  Roma, 
cap.  xii.  p.  129.  confounds  them  under  the  title  or  word  T'hea- 
irum :  but  cap.  xiv.  p.  146.  de  Porticibus,  mentions  Porticus 
Amphitheatri  called  fo  ab  ampbitheatro  loco  adjun£lo  ;  and  p,  157, 
he  fays,  Porticus  amphitheatri  triplex ;  in  exteriore  parte  adit  us 
nunc  cernuntur  y.yiY.\\\.  in  media  xxxvi.  m  intima  lxxii. 

He  fays,  Strabo  mentions  three  theatres  and  one  amphitheatre 
in  Campo  Martio.  I  find  no  mention  of  either  theatres  or  am- 
phitheatres in  the  Bifhop  of  Oxford's  Archcvologia  Graca  ;  but,  in 

*  Rom.  Antiq^.  p.  +3. 

the 


MR.     JOHNSON    TO     MR.     GALE.  285 

the  2d  Chapter  of  B.  ii.  of  Roufe's  Arcbaiologia  Attica^  I  find,  they 
had  theatres  of  wood,  called  uaixy  afterwards  of  ftone  ;  but  he  men- 
tions no  time,  nor  any  thing  elfe  of  an  amphitheatre,  though 
both  thofe  learned  authors  treat  of  manly  exercifes  at  the  Grecian 
Games.  Perhaps  then  the  Grecians,  if  they  really  ufed  amphi- 
theatres, borrowed  them  from  the  Romans,  and  they  from  the 
Hetrurians,  as  the  Marquis  aflerts,  who  has  been  very  diligent, 
elaborate,  and  fearched  this  fubjed:  to  the  bottom,  which,  he 
fays,  is  more  than  Sarayna,  Lipfius,  or  Montfaucon,  have  done. 
One  paflage  towards  the  beginning  makes  me  think  the  Micro 
'Torto,  of  which  Lord  Coleraine  has  a  painting,  was  before  Au- 
rehan  repaired  Rome,  and  turned  it  into  a  fort  of  a  fortified  wall, 
part  of  an  amphitheatre,  and  of  brick  too :  and  why  they,  as  well 
as  theatres,  might  not  be  built  of  brick,   I  cannot  fee. 

You  will  be  fatisfied,  though  I  could  not  wait  upon  you  in 
town,  that  1  have  a  good  will  ever  to  converfe  with  you.  Our 
Society  is  augmented  lately  by  the  admiffion  of  Mr.  Pegge,  an 
ingenious  member  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  I  think,  a 
fellow,  and  ftudious  of  antiquities ;  a  merchant,  and  a  furgeon 
of  this  town  ;  and  we  have  every  week  full  meetings.  Our  li- 
brary increafes,  fo  that  w'e  are  about  making  two  larger  clalTes 
for   our  books,   Sec.      I    am,   dear  Sir, 

Your  moft  obliged  and  obedient  fervant, 

Maur.  Johnson. 

P.  S.  Pray  favour  me  with  an  anfwer,  at  yom-  beft  leifure, 
efpecially  as  to  the  Muro  T'orto. 

Q.  I.  Why  has  the  Victoria,  on  the  reverfe  of  Conftantine  the 
Great's  coin  of  VICTORIA  SARMAT.  a  fcorpion  in  one  hand, 
and  a  palm  branch  in  the  other  ? 

II.   What  tapeftry-weaver  is  this  mark  orplagiaof  ?   [plate  vi. 

fig.  6.]  Where,  and  when  did  he  live  r   It  is  on  the  verge  or  falvage 

5  of 


286  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    GALE. 

of  a  fine  fett  of  Mofes's  Miracles  at  the  rock  in  Horeb,  the  manna 
faower,  battle  in  Rephidim,  Sec.  at  a  gentleman's  feat  in  this 
lordiliip. 

III.  May  not  all  the  exergues  of  the  later  empire,  after  Ca- 
raufius's  time  at  leall,  which  have  thefe  letters,  PLC.  PLCN. 
LCN.  SLCN.  SLC.  be  properly  read,  Perciijfum  or  Signatiwi 
Lindi  Coloni^t^  and  the  PLN.  SLN.  LN.  be  read  Londiniy  as  I 
think  I  have  been  the  firft  conje6turer  *  ? 

IV.  Had  the  Egyptians  ever  a  patriarchal  form  of  government, 
and  the  power  of  adopting? 

Is  there  fuch  a  book  in  i>rint  as  ^^ercetafius's  Hijloria  Atiglicaf 
and  is  he  not  the  fame  author  with  White,  who  writes  himfelf 
Bafingltock,   by  Mr.  Selden  called  Comes  Palati?ms  ^ 

You  will  favour  me,  by  giving  me  your  fentiments,  in  as  few 
words  as  you  pleaie,  not  to  make  my  impertinences  a  plague  to 
you.  The  three  firft  queries  will  oblige  our  fociety  to  have  an- 
fwered  by  a  member  of  whofe  learning  and  judgment  we  have 
a  jull  efteem.  The  latter  fell  in  the  way  of  my  ftudies. 
The  laft  was  anfwered,  as  follows,  by  Dr.  Tanner. 

"  In  the  prefent  fliattered  ftate  of  my  memory,  I  cannot  recol- 
le<5t  ever  to  have  heard,  or  met  with,  ^ercetani  Hijloria  Anglica^ 
or  that  ever  the  fanciful  Richard  Whitus  Bafingftochius  took  that 
name.  There  were  one  or  two  of  the  Quercetani  phyficians  of 
note  in  the  laft  century,  and,  I  think,  there  was  another,  Andreas 
Quercetanus,  who  writ  fomething  hiftorical,  by  way  of  fupple- 
ment  to  Marrier's  Bibliotheca  Cluniacenfis  ;  but  any  account  of  our 
Engliih  Hiftory  or  perfons  tome  in  there  only  accidentally,  and, 
1  think,  that  work  could  not  with  any  propriety  be  intitled  Hijioria 
AngUca  :  but,  after  all,  if  there  be  fuch  a  book  quoted  as  ter- 
cet ani  Hijioria  AngUca^  why  may  it  not  be  Andr,  du  Chejne's  HiJ- 
toire  Generale  d^Angleterre^   &c,  for,  if  I  miftake  not,  Cbejne  or 

•  He  ij  not  the  firft  coDJe£lufer. 

Che7ii 


M  R.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N    T  O    M  U.    G  A  L  E.  287 

Chene  in  French  is  fiuercusy  from  whence  it  will  not  be  difficult  to 
coin  '^ercetanus. 

The  Andr.  Quercetanus  living  at  Paris  (who  added  the  improve- 
ments to  Marrier)  about  the  fame  time  with  Andr.  du  Chefne  the 
hiftoriographer.      Query,  If  not  the  fame  perfon  :" 


LXXXIir. 

Another  Letter  from  Mr.  Johnson  concerning  Amphitheatres, 
&c.  and  an  account  of  a  rich  Pearl  prefented  to  the  Queen 
of  Spain,   valued  at  36,000  pieces  of  Eight. 

Oftober  lo,  1730. 

The  favour  of  yours  of  the  2  3d  ult.  I  communicated  to  our 
fociety,  who  return  you  many  thanks  for   the  notice   you   are 
pleafed  to  take  of  them,  and  concur  with  you,   for  the  honour 
of  (')ld  England,  in    apprehending  our   amphitheatres  at  Dor- 
chefter,    Sylchefter,    and    Richborough,    might   be   once  much 
more  fumptuous  and  ferviceable  for   the  defign,   by  being  envi- 
roned with  a  portico,   and  covered  with  hedges  of  woodwork, 
long  iince  loft  through  the  injuries    of  time  ;   and  though,  on 
reading  Maffei,   and  looking  over  Breval's  drawings,  one  may,  as 
to  thefe  edifices,  fay,   with  the  epigrammatift  of  the  Flavian  Go- 
loffieum,    omnis  cedat  labors   yet,   comparing  the  fize  and  cir- 
cimiftances  of  thofe  civitates  or  communities  with   the  populus 
Romanus^  and  this  little  other  world  with  the  Olxufj-evy;,  I  cannot 
but  think  them  inftances  of  the  great  fpirit  of  our  anceftors  ;  and 
taking  it  for  granted,  what  the  Marquis  has   much  laboured  to 
prove,  that  the  amphitheatre  is  properly  a  Roman  and  not  a  Ger- 
man building  in  its  invention,   as  I  do  not  know  any  author  who 
pretends  to  afcertain  the  time  of  effofle  amphitheatres,  if  a  Fen- 

mara 


283  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    GALE. 

man  may  be  alloAved  to  call  them  fo,  utiy  mighr  they  not  be  as 
early  at  leaft  as  any,  being  now  readily  fo  made  by  a  number  of 
hands,  and  the  diredlion  of  an  architeft  or  deligner  ?  Undoubted- 
ly, for  draining  and  fortifying,  delving  was  ufed  very  early  in 
every  nation;  and  we  may  modeftly  prefume  the  Britons  knew 
and  pradlifed  many  long  before,  and  befide  what  Cififar  has  been 
pleafed  to  record  of  them,  in  his  inconfiilent  tale  ;  whatever,  at 
lead,  the  maritime  Gaiils  and  Belgians  were  mailers  of,  they  pro- 
bably imported,  and  perliaps  much  more  from  farther  diitant 
countries ;  and  though  the  leveral  monarchies  in  their  metropo- 
lifes  refpeclively,  as  they  became  rerum  dvmini,  took  in  and  ad- 
vanced arts  and  fciences,  yet  I  humbly  conceive  feveral  inferior 
nations,  who  perhaps  never  made  a  part  even  of  the  Roman 
\Vorld,  or  were  but  lately  reduced  into  the  form,  or  rather  called 
by  the  imperious  Romans,  provinces,  had  a  tafte  for  arts,  and 
fome  very  confiderable  works  before  the  conqueil  of  Greece. 

In  a  defcription  of  Italy,  printed  in  quarto  by  a  learned  Eng- 
lifli  traveller  in  1561,  who  was  a  Proteftant,  the  title-page  is 
wanting,  and  I  wifli  I  knew  the  author  ;  the  book  was  Gabriel 
Harvey's,  fometime  poet  laureat  to  queen  Elizabeth,  and  has 
many  judicious  comments  in  MS.  of  his  hand-writing,  very  neat. 
In  p.  37.  b.  the  author  relating  Pope  Paul  the  third's  proceffion 
on  Chriftmas-day,  1547,  which  was  the  lad:  year  of  Henry 
VIII.  fays,  he  beheld  it,  and  fo  of  the  ancient  monuments  in 
Rome  and  throughtout  Italy.  Speaking  of  the  Amphitheatrum, 
he  fays,  it  was  then  called  Colifceo,  that  it  was  above  300  yards 
in  compafs,  and  there  might  fit  100,000  perfons  in  it  at  their 
eafe :  he  adds,  p.  31,  there  is  alfo  another  amphitheatre  yet  to 
be  feen,  edified  by  Statilius  Taurus  ;  but  it  is  fo  decayed,  that  it 
fcarcely  deferveth  to  be  fpoken  of.  He  enumerates  the  theatres 
of  Pompey,  Marcellus,  and  Corn.  Balbus  ;  but  adds,  of  which 
there  remaineth  fo  little  memory  at  this  day,  that  almoft  no  man 
can  teii  where  they  Itood, 

Oyfelius 


M  R.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N    T  O    M  R.    G  A  L  E.  289 

Oyfelius  gives  us  the  revcrfe  of  a  sam,^rtia  devicta  of  Con- 
ftantius  Magnus  ;  but  draws  and  calls  that  a  trophy,  Avhich  to  me 
leems  a  fcorpion*,  which  had  been  perhaps  a  fymbol  of  a  warmer 
climate.  Perhaps  Scorpio  was  predominant  when  that  conquelt 
was  obtained,  or  the  conqueror  might  be  born  under  the  in- 
fluence of  that  fign  ;  or  it  might  be  the  Mint-mafter's  name,  and 
fo  a  rebus  ;  or  perhaps  I  fee  one  thing  for  another,  which  fome- 
times  will  happen  to  people  that  will  pore  on  what  they  have  not 
leifure  to  look  into  thoroughly.  However,  for  the  credit  of  my 
country,  I  am  glad,  that  you,  dear  Sir,  on  whofe  judgment  I 
rely,  approve  my  conjedlures  of  plc.  in  the  exergue  for  Per- 
cujfum  Lindi  Colonia^  and  have  fince  obferved  in  others  of  the 
Conftantine  family,  and  about  their  time,  the  fame  ;  and  alfo 
SLC  Signatiim  ibid. 

I  am  forry  fo  very  w^orthy  and  learned  a  man  as  Dr.  Tanner 
Ihould  have  been  fo  much  indifpofed  ;  and  that  under  fo  ill  a  flate 
of  health,  unrecovered,  he  fliould  give  himfelf  the  trouble  of  io 
large  an  account  of  Du  Chefne,  who  I  really  believe  to  be  the 
Quercetan  hiftorian  intended  by  the  reference ;  and  in  looking 
into  Bp.  Nicolfon's  Englifli  Hiftorical  Library,  folio  edition,  p. 
1.76.  he  refers  to  fome  account  of  the  Norman  reigns,  pub- 
lilhed  by  him  in  folio,  at  Paris,  1619;  but  I  never  faw  that 
book.  I  am  very  much  obliged,  good  Sir,  both  to  you  and  him, 
for  this  information  ;  and  entreat  you  to  add  to  the  favour  you 
have  done  me,  when  you  next  write  to  or  fee  the  chancellor,  to 
prefent  my  moft  humble  fervice  and  hearty  thanks  to  him.  I 
never  have  occafion  to  think  of  that  great  man,  but  I  wilh  we 
had  his  fo  long  promifed  Notitia  Mo7ia/lica.  I  did  myfclf  the  ho- 
nour fome  years  fince  of  fending  a  full  account  to  him  of  w  hat  I 
and  my  forefathers  had  faved  from  defrauding  pyes  and  gold- 
beaters, and  whatever  I  knew  of  in  other  perfons  hands,  relating 
to  the  thick-fown  religious  houfes,  &c.  in  thefe  parts ;  which  he 
was  pleafed  to  accept  as  intended,   and  to  acknowledge  by  a  letter, 

*  Occo,  p.  468,  calls  it  Trophainri,  as  it  alfo  feems  to  be  on  a  medal  of  mine. 

P   p  to 


■?go  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.     GALE. 

A  member  of  our  fociety  has,  I  believe,  been  CEdipus  to  the 
tapellry-makcr ;  for,  when  I  fliewed  them  here,  Capt.  PiUiod, 
who  draws,  defigns,  and  pamts  very  prettily,  told  me,  he  believed 
it  might  be  the  plagia  of  one  of  the  family  of  Vos  of  Bruffels  ; 
for  when  he  was  at  that  place  in  171 6,  there  was  fome  of  that 
name  then  very  eminent  for  that  fort  of  work,  and  fuch  arls 
abroad  run  in  the  blood  long. 

The  other  day  I  had  a  letter  from  my  kinfman,  Mr.  Johnfon, 
prefident  of  the  Alliento,  as  the  Spaniards  fly le  him,  at  Panama, 
who  tells  me  her  majefty  of  Spain  had  conferred  one  of  the  beft 
governments  in  Peru  on  a  gentleman  who  had  had  the  good  pro- 
vidential gift  of  a  pearl  from  a  negro  man  (fometime  his  flave,  but 
enfranchifed),  out  of  gratitude  for  his  good  ufage  of  him,  when 
the  poor  gentleman  was  reduced  to  want.  The  gentleman  carried 
it  over,  and  prelented  it  to  the  queen  himfelf,  and  it  was  valued 
in  Old  Spain  at  36000  jjieces  of  eight.  This,  I  think,  may  ex- 
ceed any  on  the  Venetian  Ducal  Heme,  and  perhaps  vie  with  Cle- 
opatra's, or  that  v/hich  the  great  Grefliam  drank  queen  Elizabeth's 
health  in.  His  letter  is  dated  the  13th  of  July  laif.  He  tells  me 
there  are  but  60  days  allowed  for  holding  the  fair  at  Porto  Bello, 
and  30  millions  of  pieces  of  eight  are  expected  to  be  brought 
thither  in  fpecie  from  Peru,  a  vail  treafure  to  be  laid  up  in  fo  Ihort 
a  time.     I  am,   dear  Sir,   Sec,  Maurice  Johnson. 

LXXXIV. 
Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.   Blomfield. 

Dear  Sir, 

With  my  thanks  for  the  pleafure  of  yours,  I  fend  you  a  far- 
rago of  hints,  which  may  poiTibly  be  of  fome  ufe  in  your  pre- 
fent  defign.  I  wifli  I  could  have  added  any  thing  relating  to 
Cottenham ;  but  what  few  papers  I  have  relate  only  to  the 
'draining  their  fens,  which  does  not,  I  think,  come  within  your 
7  fcheme. 


MR.    BELL    TO    MR.    GALE.  291 

fclieme.  What  monumental  infcriptions  I  have  are  from  Land- 
beach,  Milton,  Qvii,  Botterham,  Haddenham,  Wilbcrham, 
Cherry  Hinton,  the  two  SofFhams,  Upwell,  and  Outwell,  any 
which  you  may  command.  There  were  about  a  dozen  in  Girtoii 
church  before  the  Reformation ;  but  I  have  loft  or  miflaid  the 
tranfcript.  When  I  meet  with  any  thing  that  I  think  will  be  of 
the  leaft  fervice,  it  fliall  be  communicated  with  the  greateft  plea- 
fure,    by  your  obedient  humble  fervant,  Beaupre  Bell. 

I  had  almoft  forget  to  tell  you,  that  Mr.  Parkins,  re6lor  of 
Oxburgh,  in  the  county  of  Norfolk,  formerly  of  Caius 
College,  is  preparing  an  Hiftory  of  the  Deanry  of  Fincham. 

LXXXV. 

Mr.  Goodman  to  Mr.  Gale,   concerning  a  Stone  Hammer-head. 

Crr>  Carlille, 

>  January  4,   1730-r. 

A  few  days  fince  I  faw  a  very  odd  ftone,  of  an  extreme  hard 
blue  fubftance,  but  had  neither  pencil  nor  paper  to  take  a  cut  of 
it.  It  is  about  nine  inches  long,  and  about  four  in  breadth,  much 
in  the  lliape  of  a  fmith's  hammer ;  I  defign  to  get  it,  if  poflible, 
for  you.  I  fancy,  it  may  have  been  an  inftrument  made  ufe  of 
by  the  Britons  in  making  their  arrows  of  flint,  one  of  which  I 
gave  you,  and  you  told  me  was  made  for  the  head  of  a  dart. 
I  am,   Sec.  R.   Goodman. 

The  exa(St  fliape  and   dimenlions  of  the  dart  or  arrow-head 
abovementioned  may  be  feen  in  plate  VI.  fig.  7. 


LXXXVI. 

Mr.  John  Horsley  to  Mr.  Gale. 

C,D  Morpeth, 

^^^i  JutlL-    .2,     1731. 

I  have  heard  again  from  Old  Penrith,  and  now  find  the  doubt- 
ful letter  to  beaG;  but  it  is  only  lingle,  and  n6t  the  leaft  evi- 
dence of  any  more  letters  between  it  and  the  following  D. 

P  p   2  I  hinted 


=  92  MR.    II  ORS  LEY    TO    MR.     GALE. 

I  hinted  to  you  in  my  laft,  that  fomething  had  occurred  to  me 
with  relpedt  to  the  nature  of  fridion,  which  I  intended  to  com- 
municate to  you.  I  had  no  time  to  enlarge  or  repeat  my  experi- 
ments, and  therefore  am  obliged  to  give  you  a  fliort  account  of  an 
experiment  or  two  made  fome  years  ago,  and  with  no  particular 
view  to  the  nature  of  fridtion. 

My  defign  w'as  to  confirm  and  illuftrate  the  feveral  propofitions 
relating  to  the  defcent  of  heavy  bodies.  In  order  to  this,  I  con- 
trived andvifed  a  fimple  inftrument,  the  il:iape  whereof  is  repre- 
fented  in  the  following  figure,  and  the  proportion  of  the  feveral 
parts  expreffed  by  the  numbers  annexed. 


This  experiment  is  performed  by  letting  two  equal  ivory  balls  begin 
their  motion  in  a  groove,  down  the  two  h  ypothenufes,  or  any  propor- 
tionable parts  of  them,  in  the  fame  moment;  for,  this  being  done, 
they  reach  and  rap  againft  the  obitacle  (marked  a)  in  the  fame  in- 
flant.  This  inftrument  v/as  made  of  common  fir,  and  framed  by 
a  country  workman,  fo  that  I  had  fufficient  reafon  to  fufpedl  the 
friction  would  be  very  confiderable,  and  that  it  would  not  be  equal 
and  uniform  in  every  part  of  the  groove  :  for  this  reafon,  I  look- 
ed upon  the  fuccefs  of  the  experiment  as  very  doubtful  and  pre- 
carious, which  yet,  upon  repeated  trials,  anfwered  with  an  exadt- 
ncfs  that  furprized  me.  If  the  balls  were  each  let  go  from  divi- 
fions  fo  near  the  bottoms  of  the  inclined  planes,  that  the  force 
acquired  by  the  defcent  was  fcarce  fufficient  to  conquer  the  fritStion 
in  the  horizontal  plane,  fo  as  to  bring  them  up  to  the  obftacle, 
yet,  in  this  cafe,  the  motion  in  both  balls  ceafed  nearly  in  the  fame 

inftant ; 


MR.     HORSLEY    TO    MR.    GALE.  293 

inllant ;  from  hence  it  is  evident  that,  in  this  cafe,  the  renftance 
and  lofs  of  motion  ariHng  from  the  fridion  is  proiwrtionable  to 
the  velocity  with  which,  and  the  fpacethrougli  which,  the  bodies 
move.  Corporis^  cui  refijliticry  in  ratione  velocitatis^  rnotus  ex  re- 
Jiftentia  amifflcs  ejl^  ut  fpatium  movendo  confecium  •'•■. 

I  ordered  three  inchned  planes  to  be  made  by  the  fame  hand, 
and  of  the  fame  materials,  as  the  former  inftrument.  The  firil 
was  four  feet  in  length,  the  fecond  eight,  and  the  third  twelve, 
each  having  a  proper  groove  for  a  ball  to  defcend  in  :  then,  hold- 
ing a  pendulum  which  fvvung  feconds  in  one  hand,  and  a  ball  in 
the  other,  let  both  go  exa6lly  together,  each  inclined  plane  having 
juft  a  foot  elevation.  I  found  that  the  balls,  on  feveral  trials,  rap- 
ped againit  the  obflacle  at  tlic  bottom  of  the  firil  plane  in  the 
fpace  of  three  vibrations,  the  fecond  in  fix,  and  the  third  in  nine, 
fo  that  the  ratio  of  the  times  of  defcent  was  as  the  lengths  of  the 
planes,  and  fo  ferved  the  purpofe  1  then  propofed  and  intended. 
At  the  fame  time,  it  is  evident,  that  if  there  had  been  no  fridlion, 
the  ball  fliould  have  defcended  in  each  in  two-thirds  of  the  time 
mentioned  juft  before,  and  confequently  the  retardation  occafioned 
by  the  friction  is  in  thcfe  feveral  planes  juft  as  the  fpace.  The 
former  experiment  fhows  that  the  fame  ratio  obtains  in  the  hori- 
zontal plane  as  well  as  on  the  inclined. 

If  feveral  experiments  of  this  nature  were  accurately  perform- 
ed on  inftruments  contiived  and  made  with  more  nicety,  and 
with  balls  or  other  bodies  of  different  magnitudes  and  denfities  ;  I 
am  perfuaded,  fome  ufeful  light  might  be  derived  from  hence,  to 
Ihew  the  proportion  and  nature  of  fricSlion  in  all  fach  cafes  as 
thefe :  but  my  time  and  circumftances  will  not  at  prefent  allow  me 
to  purfue  the  enquiry.      I  am  yours,  Sec. 

J.  HORSLEY. 

*  Newton's  Principia,  Lib.  II.  prop.  i. 

LXXXVII. 


494  MR.    WISE    TO    MR.    GALE, 

LXXXVir. 

Mr.  Wise  to  Mr.  Gale. 

q  Trill.  Coll.  Oxford, 

^IR>  Sept.  3,  173.. 

I  beg  leave  once  more  to  give  you  the  trouble  of  a  query  upon 
an  odd  coin  that  was  lately  put  into  my  hands,  and  which,  I  be- 
lieve, will  afford  mattet  of  fpeculation  to  the  learned.  It  is  an 
ancient  Greek  coin,  perhaps  feventeen  or  eighteen  hundred  years 
old,  as  near  as  I  can  gueis  from  the  fabrick  of  it. 

The  letters  were  not  fo  fair  as  could  be  wifhed ;  but  I  can  read 
it  no  otherwife  (and  I  have  viewed  it  in  all  lights)  than  BA2IAEI12 
XOSriAOPOT,  a  name  that,  I  believe,  is  not  to  be  met  with  in 
any  author,  Greek  or  Latin.  1  once  imagined  it  might  be  the 
Perlian  word  Cbofroes,  which  is  fometimes  wrote  Chofdroes,  made 
Greek,  and,  I  believe,  a  king  of  that  name  is  found  as  high  as 
Trajan's  time.  The  monogram  of  Paros,  or  any  other  place, 
or  the  coat-armour,  as  it  feems,  on  the  reverfe,  give  me  no  man- 
ner of  light  into  the  affair. 

I  wiQi  you  could  recoUeft,  whether  you  had  ever  feen  any  fuch 
coin  in  any  cabinet,  or  whether  any  author  has  given  one  like  it  ? 
for  I  would,  if  poffible,  get  fome  fatisfadion  in  the  point.  In  the 
mean  time,  1  beg  that  you  would  not  communicate  a  copy  of  this 
draught  to  any  one  ;  for,  befide  that  it  is  very  rudely  done,  I  am 
wiUing  that  it  fliould  firft  be  made  public  in  my  own  book, 
which  is  now  in  the  prefs. 

My  fituation  in  this  place,  under  a  perpetual  hurry  of  bufi- 
nefs  of  different  forts,  and  at  fuch  a  diflancc  from  the  learned  in 
this  ftudy  (for  here  is  no  one  perfon  that  can  give  me  the  leaft  af- 

liltance 


M  R,     W  I  S  E    T  O    M  R.    G  A  L  E.  295 

illlance  in  any  difficulty,  renders  my  work  extremely  troublcfome, 
and  makes  me  frequently  wilh  that  fortune  would  throw  fome  of 
the  curious  this  way  to  Oxford,  that  I  rniglit  enjoy  their  conver- 
fation,  if  but  for  one  day  :  I  am  fure  I  can  defire  none  more  be- 
neficial than  yours,  or  that  would  be  more  communicative  ;  and 
I  am  not  without  hopes ;  that  your  bufinefs  may  call  you  this  way 
next  fummer.  Nothing  fliould  be  wanting  in  me  to  make  the  jour- 
ney agreeable  to  you;  and,  among  other  things,  I  could  entertain 
you  with  the  fite  of  an  old  Roman  town,  and  that,  I  believe,  no 
inconllderable  one,  not  yet  taken  notice  of  by  Camden,  Plott,  or 
any  one  elfe,  which  perhaps  may  help  to  clear  up  fome  of  the 
ftations,  it  being  about  1 6  miles  from  this  place,  and  1 5  from 
Warwick,  1  have  feen  feveral  pieces  of  lilver  and  brafs  coins 
found  there,  of  different  emperors,  from  Trajan  down  to  Theo- 
dolius.  After  begging  pardon  for  the  trouble  of  this,  I  am,  good 
Sir,  yours,  &c  Franc.  Wise, 


LXXXVIIL 

Sir  John   Clerk    to    Mr.    Gale,    concerning    Mr.    Gordon's 
.-    Appendix  to  his  Itinerarium  Septentrionale. 

Edcnbo  rough, 
March  13,   1732. 

I  had  the  favour  of  yours  of  the  nth  of  January,  but  could  not 
get  fo  much  time  as  to  thank  you  for  it,  fuch  was  the  hurry  of  fome 
affairs  in  which  I  am  concerned,  and  on  the  like  occafions  you 
have  been  fo  good  as  to  excufe  me.  I  never  faw  Mr.  Gordon's 
Supplement  till  within  thefe  eight  days:  he  had  done  well  either 
not  to  have  printed  at  all,  or  done  it  with  lefs  precipitation.      His 

difpute 


io6  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

difpute  with  Dr.  Hunter  ■-•  is  amazing,  for  both  what  he  and  the 
Dodlor  fays,  about  the  time  of  eredling  the  BafiUca,  may  be 
true.  I  was  out  of  all  patience,  when  I  found  him  making  re- 
marks on  fome  of  your  obfervations,  which,  I  beheve,  were  never 
printed ;  but,  it  feems,  he  is  one  of  thofe  that  would  rather 
lofe  their  friend  than  their  jeft,  and  a  Httle  more  learning  would 
make  him  a  compleat  modern  critic.  I  have  been  forry  often  to 
obferve  fuch  weakneffes ;  but  I  was  fo  much  obliged  to  him  for 
the  happinefs  he  introduced  me  to  of  your  acquaintance,  that  I 
could  overlook  many  faults  in  him.  I  beg  it  of  you  not  to  dif- 
countenance  him  altogether,  but  continue  to  give  him  your  good 
advice,  though  he  may  be  very  little  capable  of  benefiting  by 
it.  I  have  troubled  you  with  the  inclofed  to  him,  which  I 
beg  you  would  allow  a  fervant  to  carry  him.  I  fee  he  has  helped 
off  fome  of  his  errata  in  the  Itinerarium,  but  has  taken  no  notice 
of  fome  ridiculous  things  he  made  me  fay ;  wherefore  I  have  fent 
him  a  few  corrections,  if  there  be  place  for  them  in  his  Latin 
edition. 

1  had  a  letter  lately  from  Abraham  Gronovius  at  Leyden, 
wherein  he  approved  of  our  opinions  about  the  Dea  Brigantia  ; 
you  know  he  is  an  hereditary  antiquarian.  I  hope  this  will 
find  you  and  all  your  family  well,  there  being  nothing  more 
heartily  wifhed  for  by,  dear  Sir, 

Yours,  &:c. 

J.  Clerk. 


*  Phylician  at  Durham.     See  p.  162, 


LXXXIX 


^  I  R    JOHN    CLERK    TO    M  R.    G  A  L  E.  297 


LXXXIX. 

Sir  John   Clerk    to    Mr.    Gale,    concerning   fonie   Pieces    of 
Gold  found  in  a  Lake  in  Galloway. 

Edenburgh, 
May  4,  iTii. 

In  your  laft  you  were  pleaied  to  give  me  an  account  oi'  a  cu- 
rious ftatue  found  in  the  welt  of  England  •'•■.  I  begin  to  think 
that  there  are  treafures  of  all  kinds  in  Britain,  for  lately  in  a  loch 
or  lake,  in  Galloway,  over  againft  the  Ifle  of  Man,  there  have 
been  found  three  very  curious  pieces  of  gold,  being  part  of  the. 
Aurum  Votivum^  which  it  feems  ufed  to  be  thrown  into  that 
lake.  I  have  not  feen  any  of  them,  but  may  fee  them  when  I 
will.  Oneofthefe  pieces  is  a  bracelet  of  gold,  confifting  of  two 
circles,  very  artificially  folding  or  twilling  into  one  another. 
This  is  in  the  hands  of  the  countefs  of  Stair,  to  whofe  hufband 
the  lake  belongs.  See  pi.  VI.  fig.  8.  The  other  two  pieces  are 
exaflly  of  the  kind  I  fent  you  a  drawing  of  fome  months  ago  t, 
and  of  this  form.      See  fig.  5.  % 

Each  of  thefe  pieces  are  about  the  weight  of  eight  or  ten 
guineas,  and  no  doubt  are  all  three  ornaments.  I  have  {qqw 
this  lake,  which  is  indeed  vaftly  delightful,  there  being  an  ifland 
with  an  orchard  in  the  middle  of  it,  and  the  water  full  of  very 
large  trouts.  The  earl  of  Stair  took  a  conceit  to  drain  off  three 
or  four  feet  of  it,  for  gaining  about  one  thoufand  acres  of  mea- 
dow ground,  fo  that  thefe  gimcracks  happened  to  be  found 
amongft  the  mud.     I  am,   8cc. 

J.  Clerk, 

•  At  Ciiencefter. 

t  See  letter  March  31,  1731,   p.  280, 

X  Several  of  thefe  found  in  Ireland  are  defcrlbed  and  engraved  in  Arcbiol.  IT.  p.  40.  p!.  III. 
It  appears  that  this  which  we  have  engraved,  found  in  v^  urn,  was  exhibited  to  the  Society  of 
^Antiquaries  at  London  in  1731,  by  Mr.  Lethieullier. 

Q  q  XC. 


^98        '     SIR    JOHN    C  I,  E  R  }■:    TO    MR.    GAL  K, 


xc. 

Sir  John   Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  about  the  extra6t  of  his  Diiler- 
tation  "  De  Stylis  Veterum,"  the  Earl   of  Pembroke's  Statues, 


and  fome  Bracelets  of  gold  found  in  Scotland. 


Edenburgh, 
Augult  5,   1731. 


I  had  the  favour  of  yours  of  the  20th  of  June,  and  am  much 
obliged  to  you  for  the  papers  and  prints  you  fent  mc  by  the 
carrier,  and  particularly  for  the  abifracft  of  my  Diflertation  Ds 
Slylis  Veterum  -.  1  was  afiiamed  you  Ihould  have  been  put  to  any 
trouble  about  that  trifle;  but,  I  confefs,  fince  I  was  to  have  an 
interpreter,  I  could  not  poflibly  have  fallen  into  better  hands  than 
yours,  Sic.  I  am  no  lefs  obliged  to  you  for  the  prints  of  my 
Lord  Pembroke's  colleilion  of  Statues  ;  the  outlines  are  done 
well  enough,  but  tlic  whole  collection  of  antiquities  deferve 
better  treatment. 

I  have  lately  feen  the  colledlion  of  the  king  of  Pruffia's  antiqui- 
ties, in  3  volumes  folio,  done  in  a  fcientific  way,  which  is  vaiUy 
improving  and  diverting  ;  but  I  do  not  think  they  deferve  fo  welt 
of  the  public  as  my  Lord  Pembroke's,  if  any  good  hand  would 
undertake  them.  I  wifli  you  would  do  it,  and  I  think  you  might 
get  afliilance  from  your  friends  as  much  as  you  could  defire:  for 
infiance,  fcveral  things  may  occur  to  me,  upon  fome  of  thefe 
ftatues,   which   might  be  tranlmitted  to  you  as   memorandums. 

*  Read  before  the  E.oyal  Society.    See  Phil.  Tranf.  N°.  420. 

Thiir'/day,  March  4,   1731,  was   a   meeting  of  the  Royal  Society,  when   Roger  Gale,  Efq ; 

_rea(t   a  learned  tiifcoiirfe  concerning  the  Pnpyri:s  nnd  Stylus  of  the  ancients,  cxtrarted  in  Englidi 

from  a  largsr  DiU'ertation  in  Latin,  coinpofed   by  Sir  John  Clerk,  Baron   of  the  Excheqiter  in 

Scotland,- and    at  the  fanie  tinic  he  prefenttd  them  with  the  original,    which  was  printed  in  410. 

that  year. 

I  dare 


SIR     JOHN     C  L  i:  R  K     TO     I\I  K.     G  A  J .  E.  -299 

I  dare  fay,   the  book  would  lull,  and  do  honour  to  yourlclf  and 
country,   if  in  Latin. 

Since  my  lail  to  you,  I  have  feen  two  other  bracelets,  and  a 
large  ring,  found  on  the  draining  of  a  lake,  or  j^art  of  it.      There 
are  no  letters  or  infcription,   and  the  make  is  very  clumfy.      Each 
bracelet  is  in  weight  fix  or  feven  guineas,   and  their  lliapc  thus, 
plate  VI.  fig.  8 -of  two  pieces  of  gold  twifted.  The  ring  is  large,  and 
about  a  guinea  in  weight.      It  feems  our  ancestors  have  had  more 
gold  than  filver,   and  indeed  there  are  feveral  places  in  Scotland 
where  there  has  been  much  digging  for  gold.      I  have  had  the 
curiofity  to  confider  the  nature  of  them,   and  always  found  them 
juft  the  fame  with  thole  the  emperor  has  on  the  borders  of  Hun- 
gary, at   two   places,   Nitria  and    Prefburg.      Thofe,  like   ours, 
conlift  of  a  vein  or   ftratum  of  fand  and  gravel,  which  being 
brought  up  fome  fathoms  from  below  groimd,  and  waflied,  pro- 
duce the  gold  in  very  fmall  particles.      The  difference  only  be- 
tween their    llrata  and  o\irs  is,  that  ours  are  poor,  theirs  rich. 
Gold  may  be  got  here  juft  as  formerly,  and  in  the  fame  plenty; 
but  the  difference  lies  in  this,  that  our  people  who  gather  it  now, 
cannot  for  their  hearts  make  above  two-pence  a  day  ;  whereas, 
in  former  times,   particles  of  gold  to  the  value  of  two-pence  went 
a  great  way  in  life  ;   for  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago, 
one  could  better  live  on  a  penny  a  day,  than  now  on  fix- pence. 
I  fhall  be  glad  to  hear  from  you  at  your  convenience,  and  am 
ever,  Sir, 

Your  moft  faithful  humble  fervant, 

J.  Clerk. 


Q  q   2  XCI. 


3Q0  SIR    JOHN    CLERK     TO    MR.    GAL  E. 


XCI. 

Sir  John  Clerk,  to  Mr.  Gale,  concerning  the  Earl  of  Pembroke** 
Drawings  of  his  Statvies,  and  a  Medal  of  Fauftina  the 
younger. 

C  Sept.  J 1, 

^Jr>J  I7J2. 

I  had  the  laft  poft  the  favour  of  yours,  with  one  inclofed  from 
ray  Lord  Pembroke  ;  likewife  the  draught  of  a  copper  coin  found 
at  Perith,  for  which  I  return  you  my  grateful  acknowledgements. 

I  was  much  diverted  to  fee  my  Lord  Pembroke's  direilion  to 
mc.  To  chief  Baron  Clerk  ;  his  letter  and  manner  of  writing  con- 
vinced me  that  the  feveral  accounts  at  the  foot  of  each  figure  in 
his  Book  of  Statues  are  truly  his  own.  It  feems  he  has  there  fet 
down  his  notion  of  each  piece,  and  has  obliged  the  etcher  or  en- 
graver to  make  it,  as  he  wrote  it,  part  of  the  copper- plate.  I  was 
furprized  at  firft,  to  find  fome  things  aflerted  as  dogmatically  in 
this  book,  and  in  fuch  a  manner  as  did  not  become  the  jjublifher  ; 
but  now  the  matter  i-s  explained. 

Your  coin  "-■•  is  exceeding  curious  ;  1  never  law  any  fuch  be- 
fore, tho'  I  believe  it  to  be  antique.  My  notion  about  it  is,  that 
it  has  been  ftruck,  or  rather  caft,  in  Britain.  The  head  of  Fauf- 
tina and  epigraphe  is  from  another  coin  of  the  fame  fize.  She  af- 
feded  to  be  called 7?//^  JlugujU  P/V,  in  feveral  infcriptions,  chiefly 
beeaufe  it  carried  an  infinuation  that  the  empire  was  hers  more 
than  her  hufoand's.  As  to  the  revcrfe,  it  is  very  fmgular,  s.  p. 
Q^  p«..  OPTIMO  PRINC,  as  applied  to  a  woman,  but  otherwife  it  is 
very  common.  You  will  find^it  on  feveral  coins^  but  on  none  of 
this  fize,  except  on  one  of  Licinius. 

»   PiatJ  VI.  fig.  9. 

Poffibly 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  ^oi 

PofTibly  it  may  be  a  farcafm  upon  an  imperious  woman,  and 
perhaps  only  a  kindly  blunder,  the  head  being  intended  as  a  com- 
pliment to  her,  and  the  reverfe  to  Marcus  Aurelius  *.  The  figure 
is  a  woman,  with  a  jjiodius  cumfpicis  t  in  her  right-hand  to  de- 
note plenty  ;  in  her  left  is  a  horfe's  head,  which  properly  has 
been  an  ornament  above  the  roftrum  of  a  fliip  :  fuch  kind  of  de- 
corations were  common,  and  hence,  if  I  miftake  not,  Virgil,  lib.  X. 
209.  fays, 

Hunc  vebit  irmnajiis  Triton,  et  coerula  concha. 
The  Spaniards  about  Cadiz,  in  ancient  times,  ufed  to  call  fome- 
fort  of  fliips  that  they  made  ufe  of,  Equi^  and  fuch,  it  is  probable, 
carried  the  figure  of  an  horfe  on  their  prow  :  and,  if  this  was  faifl, 
your  coin  might  have  been  of  Spanifli  original,  tho'  1  am  willing 
rather  to  think  it  Britilh  \.  But  I  take  my  leave,  and  am,  dear 
Sir,  your  moft  faithful  humble  fervant,  J.  Clerk- 


•  Occo,  p.  191.  208.  gives  feveral  coins  of  M.  Aurelius  with  a  head  of  Faiiftina  on  the  re- 
verie. It  is  not  extraordinary  Uierefore  to  find"  his  titles  on  the  reverfe  of  coins  ftruck  in  her 
honor,     edit. 

t  Or  relicks  of  a  cornucopia,  for  it   i&not  very  plain. The  cornucopia  as  not  unfreqent  on 

the  coins  of  Fauilina.     edit, 

X  ThJ6  ;r.ed&l  is  but  of  the  fecond  copper,  the'  drawn  here  as  of  the  firft. 


XCII. 


MR.  ■  B  E  L  L    T  O     M  II.    C  A  L  E. 


XCII. 
Extract  of  a  Letter  from  Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  Gale. 

Bcaupre-lialt, 
yov.    13;  1755, 

1  lliMl  i:i  a  little  time  convey  to  yon  cafts  from  a  bafs-relievo, 
fuppofed  to  be  Anna  BuUen,  found  fome  years  ago  in  Glouceller- 
fhire,  now  in  the  hands  of  our  friend  Maurice  Johnfon.  The 
letters  A.  R.  appear  on  the  trunk  of  the  right  flioulder,  and  be- 
fore her  is  a  head  in  the  manner  of  that  of  Mercury  before  Virgil, 
■which  I  cannot  explain. 

The  Obfidional  Ninepence  of  Newark. 

A  brafs  feal  found  at  Notley-abbey,  near  Tame  in  Bucks,  with 
this  legend,  INVOLVENS.  XRM.  PANNIS.  MEMOR.  ESTO.  10- 
HANNIS.  The  original  much  broken,  and  the  laft  word  quite 
gone  ;  but  I  believe,  for  rhyme's  fake,  muft  be  fupplied. 

The  leal  of  Gay  wood  Hofpital  near  Lynn.      Modern. 

From  Dr.  Stukeley's  Paduan  of  Vefpafian  roma  resvrges. 

A  lilver  coin  of  Rhefcyporis,  and  feveral  copies  from  antique 
gems,  which  I  hope  will  be  acceptable,  from 

Yours,  8cc.  B.  Bell. 


xcin. 


MR.    BELL     TO    M  R.     GALE. 


XGIH. 


3<^3 


JMr.     Bell,     to    Mr.    Gale,     about   his    "  Tabulae    Auoruftif."' 
and  mixture  of  Lead  in  brafs  Imperial  Coins. 


Sir, 


December  6,  1736, 


My  preface  is  now  tranfcribed,  and  I  fliall  convey  it  to  you  by 
the  carrier :  you  will  find  it,  I  fear,  too  prolix,  though  I  have 
reduced  it  into  as  narrow  a  compafs  as  I  am  able,  and  only  juft 
hinted  at  the  hydroftatick  experiments  without  giving  the  pro- 
cefs  ;  wherefore,  I  think,  it  Vvould  not  be  amafs  to  draw  up  a 
letter  to  you  on  that  fubjedt  for  the  perufal  of  the  Societv,  ef- 
pecially  as  it  has  been  my  fortune  to  meet  with  lead  in  the  com- 
pofition  of  brafs  coins  many  years  before  the  time  of  Severus,  bv 
whom  Savot  fuppofes  it  firft  ufed.  You  Ihall  recive  an  example 
of  this  in  a  coin  of  Marcus  Aurelius,  which  being  placed  in  a 
very  moderate  heat,  even  before  the  brafs  ignited,  a  large  quan- 
tity of  lead  oozed  through  its  pores,   and  ll:ill  part  of  it  adheres. 

The  piece  is  not  yet  fo  obliterated,  but  that  you  may  make 
out  the  reverfe  to  be  primi  decenales  cos.  hi.  s.  c.  in 
laiired-  I  am,  Sec.   Beaupre  Bell,   Junr. 


XCIV. 

Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  Gale  on  the  fame  SubjevTt. 

Dcctmber  1 1,   j-jo. 

You  will  find  among  the  inclofed  papers,  not  only  the  Difier- 
tation  upon  your  •••  curious  medal,  but  my  whole  Preface,  which, 

*  Qf  Fauilina  Jr.n,  beforcmen:ioned.     See  the  letter  from  Sir  John  Clerk,  p.  300. 

I  hope, 


304  MR.    BELL    T  O'   M  R.     G  A  LE. 

1  hoiTe,  you  ^vill  pleafe  to  read  over  %\  ith  your  ufual  candor  to 
the  author,  and  inform  him  of  any  particulars,  that  are  not  juft, 
or  not  exprefled  with  fuflicient  clearnefs.  I  thought,  when  I  tran- 
icribed  it,  that  it  was  tolerably  compleat,  but  doubt  not  that 
feveral  obje(ftions  will  arife  to  you,  fince  fome  have  occurred  to 
niyfelf  in  giving  it  a  flight  perufal,  which  I  beg  leave  to  mention 
for  information. 

Page  3.  I  fay,  that  the  gold  and  filver  coins  of  the  Republic 
>vith  thofe  of  the  firft  emperors,  are  of  a  very  fine  alloy,  in 
which  I  follow  Savot,  yet  have  doubts  that  the  rule  is  not  uni- 
verfal ;  having  feen  fome,  particularly  one  of  Nero,  that  feemed 
to  be  of  a  bafe  metal,  yet  without  any  marks  of  modern  forgery. 
Is  his  falvo  of  their  being  counterfeits  of  the  time  fuflicient,  or 
fliould  I  not  add  plerumque,   or  fomewhat  to  that  efleit  ? 

Though  my  book  begins  only  at  the  ruin  of  the  common- 
wealth, after  which  the  monies  cannot  be  eafily  reduced  to  th^ 
parts  of  the  As,  would  it  not  be  proper  to  infert  (p.  4.)  fome  fliort 
account  of  the  As,  'and  its  divifions  ?  If  you  think  it  neceflary, 
I  will  read  over  Arbuthnot's  piece  on  Weights,  which  has  lain 
very  quiet  on  my  table  fome  months,  though,  if  I  fliould  find 
as  many  blunders  in  his  calculations  as  in  the  firft  few  chapters 
1  have  examined,  it  fliall  be  the  laft  time  I  will  ever  difturb  him. 

Though  the  medal  I  cite  of  Gallienus  (p.  6.)  alacritati, 
has  fome  appearance  of  irony,  yet  it  is  not  manifeftly  of  that 
kind,  and  might  have  been  ftruck  in  his  younger  years ;  for 
Euriopins  fays,     Imperium  prhnurn  feliciter  gejfit, 

I  have  a  quarto  volume  of  antique  gems  prettily  defigned 
four  years  ago  at  Paris,  wherein  are  feveral  of  Mars  and  Venus, 
in  the  fame  attitude  with  Fauftina's  coin,  veneri  victrici  ;  I 
have  not  thought  it  worth  while  to  refer  to  this  author  ;  but  as 
you  poflibly  have  not  feen  the  book,  I  fliall  tranfcribe  his  judg- 
ment 


M  R.    B  E  L  L    T  O    M  R.    G  A  L  E.  305 

•ment  on  them ;  "  Nous  avons  une  medaile  prejque  Jonblahle  a  cette 
^^  pierre :  elk  reprejente  fur  les  revers  Marc  Aurele  et  Faujlhie  \ 
■*'  autour  eft  cette  legende  veneri  victrici  ;  on  vent  que  ce  foit 
**  Faujlhie  Jous  la  fgure  de  Venus-,  qui  retient  Mars  fous  celle  de 
*'  Marc  Aurele  pret  a  partir  pour  la  guerre,  fluelquesuns  lui  ont 
"  'voulu  donner  une  interpretation  fatirtqucj  et  Videe  des  amours  de 
*'  Faujiine  et  du  gladiateur  en  etoit  le  fondement :  mais  il  y  a  nuUe 
*'  apparence  que  le  fenat,  d'ailleurs  fijage^  eut  fonge  a  donner  cette 
•*'  mortijication  a  un  prince  qui  avoit  pour  lui  le  cocur  de  tout  le 
"*'  niondeP 

Addifon  has  much  the  fume  remark  ia  liis  Travels  in  the  lile 
of  Caprea.  I  ara^  &C. 

Beaupre  Bell,  Jun. 


xcv. 

Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  Gale,  on  Conftantine's  Vifion  of  the  Crofs,  and 

a  Coin  of  Eugenius. 

It  is  with  great  pleafure  I  find  what  1  faid  of  Conftantine  the 
-Great  agrees  fo  well  with  what  you  read  at  the  Antiquarian  So- 
ciety. It  is  not  the  only  paffage  in  the  courfe  of  my  *  Hiftory, 
wherein  I  diffent  from  the  generality,  and  hope  not  with  lefs 
reafon.  The  ftory  of  the  Crofs  does  not  heartily  pleafe  me;  if  de- 
figned  a  miracle  to  convert  the  emperor  from  paganifm,  how 
came  it  to  be  feen  by  no  one  but  himfelf  t?  If  he  w'as  really  con- 

*  Preface  to  his  Book  of  Medals,    or  Tabula:  Angujlis,   not  yet  printed. 

•|  The  tcclefiartical  Hiftorians  iay,  it  was  feen  by  his  whole  army  ;  if  fo,  how  came  it,  that 
nobody  fpoke  of  this  apparition  but  himfelf  ?  The  evidence  of  two  or  three  of  his  foldiers  would 
luve  been  a  much  iironger  proof  of  it  than  his  oath.     R,  G.^ 

R  r  verted 


5o6  MR.    BELL    TO    MR.    GALE. 

verted,  why  did  he  defer  baptifm  ?  If  Eufebius  had  not  fufpefted 
the  ti-vith  of  this  account,  what  neceffity  for  an  oath  to  extort 
his  hehef  ?  This  rather  makes  me  doubt,  than  convinces  me 
that  he  faw  it.  Was  not  the  word  of  that  great  emperor  lufficient 
to  gain  credit  in  a  cafe,  which,  for  the  honour  of  rehgion, 
Eufebius  muft  heartily  wiili  to  be  true  ?  Fabricius,  inftead  of 
mending  the  matter,  has  maiTed  it;  for,  while  he  endeavours  to 
lliew  the  certainty  of  the  fad:,  by  accounting  for  it  as  a  natural 
pheenomenon  in  a  folar  halo,  he  deftroys  its  efficacy  as  a  miracle. 
As  for  its  appearance  on  Conftantine's  own  coins,  nothing  can 
be  inferred  thence  to  prove  its  appearance  in  the  heavens.  The 
emperor,  we  will  fuppofe,  for  political  reafons,  defircs  to  be 
thought  a  convert,  and  convinced  of  the  truth  of  the  Chriftian 
religion  by  fupernatural  means  :  and  what  readier  way  to  pro- 
pagate this  belief,  than  ftriking  money  upon  the  occafion,  which, 
like  fo  many  advertifements,  would  be  immediately  fpread 
through  the  v/hole  army  *. — I  have,  however,:  only  hinted  at 
the  thing  in  my  Tabulce  Auguftas,  left  I  fliould  be  thought  to  go 
out  of  my  way  for  no-  other  caufe  but  to  fcout  a  miracle,  which 
has  obtained  credit  1300  years;  and  for  this  reafon,  1  have 
erafed  what  I  wrote  concerning  the  fabulous  account  of  Ju- 
lian's throwing  his  blood  into  the  air,  crying  out,-  NENIKHSA^ 
TA^IAAIE,  which,  I  think,  I  fent  you  a  copy  of  Ibme  time 
ago  t. 

I  return  you  my  hearty  thanks  for  the  impreflion  from  your 
Eugenius,  whofe  coinSy  though  rare,  1  have  feen  both  gold  and 
filver.  It  is  not  any  medal  of  him,  but  of  Arbogaftes,  who. 
raifcd  him  to  the  empire,  that  I  queftion  Mr.  Horlley's  hav- 
ir.g  met  with  at  Newcaftle  ;  no  fuch  piece  having  ever  been  heard 
of   before.      I    am  apt  to   think  Mr.  Horfley  trufted  to  his  me- 

*   The    XP  npf'n  Confluiuine's  coin  dua  not  appear  till  the  hitter  enJ  of  his  reign, 
-)■   1  never  received  it.     R.  G. 

mory 


MR.    BELL    TO    MR.    GALE. 


J07 


mory  when  he  wrote  that  paffage,  and  having  feen  an  Eugenius 

or  fome  other  contemporary   prince,  by  miftake  attributed  to 

Arbogaftes ;  other  wife  he  would  furely  have  given  fome  defcrip- 

tion  of  tlie  coin,  if  not  a  print ;  for,  befides  the   ornament  fo 

flngular  a  head  would  have  been   to  his  book,   it  would  be  of 

good  hiftorical  ufe,  and  have  jiroved  that  he  aifumed  the  purple, 

counter  to  the  teftimony  of  all  authors,  who  unanimoully  agree 

that  he  did  not ;   and  Philoftorgius  gives  this  reaibn  for  it,  though' 

not  a  very  good  one — h^)  to  Tsvos  dvroi/   ^xmUvav   dns'/oXvaSy 

Bx^^a^o;  yx^  7]V  wjih  0  (pvad^ivog^      I  am,   with  due  thanks,  &c. 

Eeaupre  Bell,  Jun. 


.     XCVI. 

Account  of  an  Infcription  at  Barhill,  near  Kilfyth,   in  Scotland, 
from  the  Daily  Gazetteer,  Sept.  7,  1736. 

About  three  years  ago,  Mr.  Rob,  minifler  at  Kilfyth,  found  in 
the  wall  of  a  country-houfe  hard  by  the  Roman  fort  on  Bar-hill 
near  Kilfyth,  a  Roman  altar,  which  had  been  dug  out  of  the  ruins 
of  the  famous  w^all  built  there  in  the  reign  of  Antoninus  Pius, 
with  the  following  infcription  upon  the  front  *: 

DEO     MARTI 
CAMILLVS     C 

The  reft  of  the  infcription  is  not  legible.  Upon  one  fide  of  the 
altar  is  a  facrificing  knife,  and  upon  the  oppofite  a  patella  with- 
out a  handle,  which  contradicts  an  obfervation  of  Mr.  Horfley's, 
in  his  Roman  Antiquities  in  Britain,  p.  191.  that  tlie  Roman  al- 

*  See  Plate  VL  fig.  10. 

R  r  a  tars 


3o8  INSCRIPTION    AT    BARHILL. 

tars  found  here  have  the  patellas  cut  upon  them  with  a  handle; 
The  place  for  the  focus  is  pretty  evident  upon  the  top,  and  it  hatlv 
not  an  unhandfome  corona.  Mr.  Rob  gave  thisaltar  to  the  Uni- 
verfity  at  Glafgow,  where  it  is  preferved  with  other  monuments^ 
of  that  kind.  He  conjedlures  that  Camillus,  a  centurion,  com- 
manded the  garrifon  upon  Barhill.  The  ftone  is  the  more  valu-- 
able  and  curious,  that,  for  aught  appears,  it  is  the  firft  of  the  kind-' 
lo  Mars  in  Scotland. 


XGVir; 

Part  of  a  Lcttter  from  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  with  aii'^ 
Account  of  the  Altar  and  Infcription  found  at  Kilfyth. 

May  9,  1737^ 

Fig.  10.  pi.  VI.  is  a'rude  draught  of  a  Roman  altar,  fent  to  the 
univerfity  of  Glafgow,  by  Mr.  James  Robb,.  minifter  of  Kylfyth,. 
not  far  from  which  it  was  found.      It  is  much  more  gaflied  ancL 
broken,  both  upon  the  top  and  fides,  than  is   here  reprefented. 
The  place  at  N  is  hollow  for  the  fire  ;   that  at  M  is  raifed  a  little  , 
more  than  the  tenth  of  an  inch  above  the  face  of  the  fide  upon 
which  it  is  cut,  and  is  exadly  circular ;   there  appears  nothing 
like  a  handle  to  it  now^,  but  the  face  upon  which  it  is,  as  well  as 
its  own  fnrface,iecms  to  be  fo  much  impaired,  that,  if  there  was 
a  handle  to  it,  the   figure  of  it    may  have  been  worn  out  by 
length  of  time.  ■  The  letters  are,  as  near  as  I  could  make  them, 
of.the  fliape  of  thofe  upon  the  flone,  and  are  very  faint  and  flial- 
lo\v,  in  refpeit  of  thofe  upon  other  ftones  found  in  the  Roman 

wall 


SIRJOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 


305 


wall  here.  Upon  the  fide  oppolite  to  that  upon  which  is  M, 
there  is  a  little  railed  piece  of  the  lliape  of  P.  This  is  all  I  can 
obferve  about  it. 

John  Clerk. 


The  Dimenfions  are 
12  Inches  F — G- 


^\ 


G- 
O- 

H- 
K- 


K 


Diameter  of  the  circle  M  4  inches  |. 


I  Inches 

I 


lof 


XCVIII. 

Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  Gale,  on  a  Greek  Medal,  and  an  Account 
of  his  intended  "  Palasographia  Sacra." 

Stamford, 
Way   9,    1737. 

When  I  was  coming  out  of  town,  I  got  of  my  friend  Mr. 
Prude,  an  apothecary,  the  following  coin  by  exchange*.  We  firft 
had  a  true  notion  of  it  from  the  learned  Liebe,  who  publiflied 
the  "  Gotha  Nummaria."  He  rightly  interprets  the  legend  to  be 
TTAI2iaN,  and  to  belong  to  a  city  called  Tylis,  imder  Mount" 
Haemus  in  Thrace.  The  head  is  of  the  goddefs  Cotys,  much 
worlhiped  by  the  ladies  of  that  country,  who  ran  about  naked, 
drunk  and  frantick,  in  the  night-time,  with  torches,  in  the  cele- 
bration of  her  religious  rites  ;  and  upon  the  reverfe  is  one  of  thele 


*  See  plate  VI.  fig.  u. 


matl 


no  DR.    STUKELEY    TO    MR.    GALE. 

riadgiii^  reprefented.      She  hpld§;a:ma{k..ia  her: right  hand,  and, 
a  tympanum J«  her  left.     ,f:h.e  m.afks  th^^^  Mied  to  hang  upon:, 
trees  in  honour  of  Bacchus,  for  in  rsaUty  thefe  were  in  the  Mce- 
nacjes,  Edonidae,  Thyae,  Sec.  priefteiies  of  that  god.     I  have  wrote 
upon   this   coin,    and  deflgn    it   for  the  clofe  of  N°  11.  of  my 
"  Palaeographia  Sacra." 

In  the  progrefs  of  that  work,  one  of  my  views  is  an  attempt  to 
recover  the  faces  or  refemblances  of  many  great  perfonages  in  an- 
tiquity mentioned  in  the  Scriptures.  If  novelty  will  pleafe,  I  need 
not  fear  of  fuccefs  :  but  it  will  not  appear  fo  ftrange  a  matter  as  it 
feems  at  firft  fight,  when  we  have  once  afcertained  the  real  per- 
fons  charaderized  by  the  heathen  gods  and  demi-gods.  The  uni- 
formity of  the  faces  drawn  in  each  in  all  the  fculptures  of  anti- 
quity gives  much  reafon  to  think  they  are  copies  from  one  true 
origiiial,  and  that  it  is  we  endeavour  to  find  out. 

I  fliall  give  a  full  account  of  the  heathen  gods  and  demi-gods, 
who  mean  really  the  perfons  of  Mofes  and  Jofliua,  the  two  gene- 
rals of  Bacchus  and  Jehovah  ;  and  from  innumerable  fculptures  in 
antiquity  we  may  juftly  prefume  the  heroic  refemblances  of  thefe 
two  are  to  be  found.  The  coin  before  us,  I  fuppofc,  reprefents 
Mirian,  the  lifter  of  Mofes,  the  Thracian  Cotys.  I  give  many 
reafons  for  the  name  of  Cotys  to  be  of  Hebrew  original.  She  is 
the  goddefs  of  the  Mxnades,  the  Bacchje,  Sec.  who  lead  the  wo- 
men, as 'Bacchus  the  men. 

W.  Stukeley.. 


XCVIII. 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    GALE.  311 


XCIX. 

Mr.  Maurice  Johnson  to  Mr.  Gale,  about  a  coin  of  Geta,  and 
the  letters  PLC  on  the  exergue  of  fome  coins. 

A'Jtr.   ji, 

«737. 

I  cannot  conceive  your  Geta  with  a  beard  could  be  defigned 
for,  or  ought  to  be  placed  as,  Publius  Septimius  Geta,  fon  of  Seve- 
rus,  but  rather  (let  the  firll:  letter  be  as  it  will,  perhaps  through 
the  workman's  ignorance  or  flip,  P  for  L.  Lucius)  to  be  placed  be- 
fore Severus,  being,  as  I  apprehend,  made  in  honour  of  Lucius 
Septimius  Geta,  that  prince's  grandfather,  and  father  of  Severus, 
who,  in  honour  of  him,  caufed  them  to  be  coined  or  made,  as 
Nero  did  for  his  father  Ahenobarbus,  and  others  for  theirs. 

Lucius  Septimius  Geta  by  Fulvia  Pia  at  Leptis  in  Africa  had 
Lucius  Sept.  Severus  Pertinax,  Imp.  who,  by  Julia  Domna,  had 
BafTianus,  called  Marc.  Aur.  Caracalla,  and  Publius  Septim. 
Geta. 

Bafiianus  Caracalla  was  affociatcd  into  the  em^^ire,  and  reigned 
after  his  father 

Publius  Septimius  Geta  Ca:far,  naturd decorns,  lived  22  years 
and  9  months  ;  reigned  with  his  brother  i  year  and  22  days. 

Of  this  Geta  Aurelius  Victor  fays--,  *'  Cui  nomen  paterno  ab  avo 
erat."  Eutropius  fays  of  their  father  SeVerus,  "  Filios  duosfuccef- 
*'  fores  reliquit,  Baflianum  et  Getam,  fed  Baffiano  Antonini  nomen 
*'  a  fenatu  voluit — imponi,  itaqvie  f1i6tu's  eft  M.  A.  Baffianus,  patri- 
*'  (^uefuccefTit :  nam  Geta  hoftis  publicum;  judicatus  confeftim  pcriit." 
Calliodorus,  fpeaking  of  the  death  oFSfeverus,  takes  notice  of  Getn, 
;,  addt;. 


311  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    GALE. 

but  adds  "  Cui  fucceffit  Antoninus  Caracalia  Severi  filius :  *'  as  docs 
alfo  Jornandes. 

This  Geta,  the  fon  of  Severns,  is  called  Publius  Septimius  Geta 
Antoninus  in  the  Auguftan  marble  (Occo,  p,  240.)  on  his  father's, 
brother's,  and  his  repairing  the  highways  and  bridges  :  his  bro- 
ther Caracalia  for  murthering  him  was  farcaftically  called  Geticus. 

Now  from  all  accounts  of  Geta,  fon  of  Severus,  he  appears  to  me 
to  have  been  a  handfome  young. man,  tho'of  fevere  manners,  and 
not  to  have  lived  above  23  years,  and  he  is  fo  reprefented  in  all 
the  coins  and  medals  I  have  fecn  of  him,  and  in  a  gem  infcribed 
ePCtC  EBORA.  In  the  medals  he  is  fometimes  ftyled  BRIT. 
from  attending  his  father  and  brother  into  Britain,  A.  D.  209,  and 
affirting  them  in  the  reduction  of  that  province,  which  had  too  far 
efjx)ufed  the  intereft  of  Clodius  Albinus,  their  beloved  com- 
mander. There  is  this  reniark  made  by  Occo,  p.  .2<z6,  who  calls 
him  p.  SEPTIM.  GETA,  "  Obfervaudum  in  nummis  et  Lucii  et 
Publii  prcenomen  extare  ut  in  fequenti  nummo  arg.  i^.-septimivs 
GETA  CAES.  Rcv.  FELiciTAS  TEMPORVM,  ai>d -cn  3.  Greek onc,  A. 
enri.  tetas,  Rev.  mhtpoho.  kaicapiac.  exH.  r.  i.  e.  anno  ter- 
tio  :  the  reft  have  all  pvblivs  prefixed  by  Porn,  in  one  he  is 
ftyled  IMP.  CAES.  and  in  another,  nonAIOC.  cenri  TETAS. 
avtokpa  at  length  :  fo  that  1  certainly  conceive  thefe  coins 
could  not  all  be  made  in  memory  of  one  and  the  fame  perfon, 
but  muft  be  in  honour  of  the  grandfather  and  grandfon. 

In  a  Denarius  of  pure  filver  in  my  coUedtion,  on  one  fide  is 
his  bufto,  with  a  very  youthful  face,  and  handfome  countenance, 
having  no  laurel  or  crown, P. sept.  GETA.CAES.roNT.Rev.ayoung 
man  ftanding,  holding  a  patera  in  his  right  hand,  and  a  thuribu- 
lum  in  his  left,  as  that  inftrument  is  commonly  called,  tho' per- 
haps it  might  be  rather  fome  enfign  of  his  office,  as  ufed  in  build- 
ing or  making  roads,  this  coin  confirming  the  Auguftan  marble  : 
the  legend  is  virtvs  avgg.    In  Raphalengius's  "  Imagines  Impe- 

ratorum," 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    GALE.  313 

ratorum,*'  there  is  an  elderly  face  with  a  fliort  beard,  not  at  all  like 
mine,  and  a  laurel  round  the  head,  with  this  infcription,  p.  sept. 
GETA.  Pivs.  AVG.  BRIT.  foHicwhat  in  the  features  of  the  face  like 
that  given  by  Du  Choul,  which  has  nobilitas  for  the  reverfe;  but 
that  has  no  beard,  neither  does  it  carry  an  air  of  fo  advanced  an 
age. 

Sir  Robert  Cotton  from  his  colledion  has  given  ns  in  Speed  a 
denarius  of  Geta,  with  an  old  countenance,  largely  bearded  and  lau- 
relled, p.  SEPT.  GETA.  PIVS.  AVG.  BRIT.  Rev.  Victoria  alata  tenens 
palmam  et  coronam  lauream  victoria  brit.  This  bears  a  great 
refemblance  to  that  of  yours  in  the  middle  '^  brafs  ;  but,  fuppofiui^- 
thefe  made  for  Geta,  the  fon  of  Septimus  Severus  at  York  (as  the 
aforefaid  gem  feems  to  Sir  Richard  Ellis  to  have  been)  after  that 
conqueft,  and  as  late  as  A.  D.  2 1 1,  he  was  not  then  24  years  old. 

I  have  read  that  part  of  your  letter  relating  to  your  obfervation 
of  p.L.c.  upon  the  reverfe  of  fome  of  the  medals  of  Caraufius,  and 
other  emperors  in  the  exergue,  to  our  fociety,  which  they  approve 
of,  and  are  fatisfied  thofe  charadlers  denote  PercuJJum  Lindi  Colo- 
nia,  doing  honour  to  our  ancient  county  town,  and  that  great 
prince  might  as  well  have  been  ftyled  Neptunius,  as  his  rivals  were 
Jovius  and  Herculius. 

I  here  alfo  fend  you  an  epigram  upon  a  young  woman  that 
was  born  without  a  tongue,  yet  could  fpeak  very  plain.  It  was 
communicated  by  Conful  Ryder,  who  faw  and  heard  her,  and  was 
compofed  by  the  Conde  de  Cazeda,  a  Portugueze  general,  and 
member  of  the  Royal  Academy  at  Lifbon. 

Non  mirum  elinguis  mulier  quod  verba  loquatur, 
Mirum  eft  cum  lingua  11  muher  taceat. 

I  am,  8cc.  M.  Johnson. 

*  Mine  is  in  the  large  brafs  ;  the  head  and  infcription  about  it  fecm  to  be  the  fame  as  this,  but 
the  Rev.  is  tort.  red.  Is:c,  as  will  be  obferved.     R.  G. 

§  s  AH 


314  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    GALE. 

All  that  has   been   faid   above,  makes  no  manner   of  proof 
that  the  bearded  head  of  Geta  belongs  to  Lvicins  Septimius  Geta 
the  grandfather.     The  infcription  on  my  medal  is  p.  septimivs 
GETA   Pivs   AVG.   BRiTANicvs.       Caput  Imperatoris   lanreatum, 
mento  denfe  barbnto.   Rev,  fort.  red.  t.  r.  p.  hi.  cos  ii.*   pp. 
vS.  c.  Fortuna  fedens  m  fella  luper  rotara,  dext.  temonem  finitf. 
cornucopiam  tenet. — Lucius  the  grandfather  never  was  emperor, 
therefore  could  not  be  ftyled  avgustus  ;  never  made  any  con- 
queft  in  Britain,    therefore   could  not  be    called    britannicus; 
he  never  had  the  Tribunitial  Power,  nor  was  Conful,  therefore 
can  have  no  claim  to  thofe  honour?,   all  which  his  grandfon  en- 
joyed.     It  is    true,  we  find  iipon  feveral  coins  of  the  latter  l. 
for  p.  SEPT.  G.      Mezzobarba  has  five  fuch,  four  of  which  carry 
mofl  evident  marks  that  they  cannot  be  affigned  to   any  other 
than  the  grandfon,  he  being  called  on  two  of  them  severi  avg. 
Pii  Filius,    on  another  pontifex,   on  the  fourth  princ.  ivven- 
TVTis  cos.  which  the  grandfather  never  was.   The  fifth  is  in  my 
own  colledfion  in  filver,  with  this  infcription  about  the  youngefl 
head  1  ever  faw  of  Geta,   l.   septimivs.  geta.  caes.   Reverfe, 
felicitas  tempor.     Figura  ftans,    dext.  caduceum,  fin.  cornu- 
copiam.  There  are  medals  of  Offavius  Auguftus,  exhibiting  Caput 
Augufti  barbatum  I ;   which  reprefentation   of  that  then  young 
emperor  is  fuppofed  to  have  had  its  rife  from  fuffering  his  beard 
to  grow  in  honour  of,   and  as  part  of  mourning  for,  his  father 
Julius.    Why  may   not  the  fame   reafon  be  afligned  for  Geta's 
doing  the  fame  thing  in  regard  to  his  father  Severus  ?     The  date 
ot  my  medal  of  him  before  mentioned,  fhows  it  was  ftruck  vi^hen 
Geta  was  the  fecond  time  conful,   A.  D.  211,  the  firft  year  after 
his  father's  death.  R.  Gale. 


*  a.  D,  211.  -f  Mezzobaib.  p.  23. 

c. 


DR.     STUKELEY    TO     M\\.     GALE.  y^ 


C. 

Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  Gale,  concerning  the  fecond  Part  of  his 
Paloeographia  Sacra,  and  the  famous  Tabula  Ifiaca ;  Dr. 
Mead's  Piece  of  Painting  from  the  Sepolchro  de  Nafoni,  and 
a  Piece  of  Mofaic  from  Auguftus's  Baths  on  the  Palatine-hill. 

Dear  Sir,  i„f'""^°"''« 

'  July  30,  1738. 

I  want  to  fee  you  of  all  things.  I  have  wrote  this  fummer  a 
Difcourfe  on  theMyfteries  of  the  Ancients,  and  vvould  willingly 
communicate  it  to  you,  as  a  fecond  number  to  my  Palaeographia 
Sacra.  My  friend  Warburton-has  fliewn  us  Virgil's  defcent  into 
Hell  as  an  imitation  of  the  myfteries.  I  carry  it  much  farther 
than  he  has  done,  and  fhew  that  the  famous  Table  of  Ifis  is  a 
magnificent  pi6lure  thereof,  which  I  explain  largely,  and,  I  be- 
lieve, to  the  fatisfafLion  of  the  learned.  1  take  the  Table,  and 
cut  it  into  pieces,  and  fliew  it  to  be  an  ^^gyptian  temple,  wherein 
they  initiated  into  the  myfteries :  that  it  is  a  temple  in  imitation 
of  Solomon's,  and  made  much  in  the  fame  proportions,  confift- 
ing  of  a  porch,  fanSlum^  and  -Si  fan&um  fariBorwn.  I  difcourfe 
of  the  Dii  Cabiri,  Samothracian  rites,  &c.  and  fliew,  in  a  new 
method,  their  origin  and  meaning,  and  that  they  are  the  very 
firft  feeds  of  idolatry,  as  my  predecefibr  bifhop  Cumberland 
fuggefts,  and  the  firft  derivation  from  the  moft  ancient,  true 
patriarchal  religion.  I  fhall  engrave  the  Table  afrelli,  in  pieces, 
according  to  the  model,  fo  that  whoever  pleafes  may  pafle  them 
^  as  to  make  a  temple.  I  give  a  plate  iikewife  of  the  temple 
entire.  Mr.  Watts  accommodates  me  with  his  plate  in  Hum- 
phreys's tranflation  of  Montfaucon.      I  have  alfo  made  a  mag- 

S  s-  2  nificent 


3i6  DR.    STUKELEY    TO    MR.    GALE. 

nificent  drawing  in  perfpedlive  of  that  temple,  but  it  is  rather 
too  big  for  engraving. 

Poor  Maittaire  is  now  at  Belvoir  with  the  Duke.  I  think,  the 
critic  is  in  a  dechning  ftate  of  healtli.  I  vifited  Meadus,  he  has 
got  a  piece  of  painting  from  the  Sepokhro  de  Nafoni  *  near  Rome ; 
he  fancies  it  a  chib  of  Angiiftns,  Maecenas,  Agrippa,  Virgil,  and 
a  parcel  of  the  like  good  company  :  he  has  alfo  got  a  piece  of 
mofaic,  made  of  bits  of  marble  from  Auguftvis's  palace  on  the 
Palatine-hill.  1  found  the  man,  as  ufual,  befet  with  a  parcel 
of  fycophants,  puffs,  and  what  not  ?  but  your  ftreet  I  could  not 
bear  to  pafs.      Vale^  vir  amicijjime ;  et  ama  tui  amantijjlmum. 

William  Stukeley. 


CI. 

Mr.  Johnson  to  Mr.  Gale,  on  a  Sermon  preached  in  Oxford, 
1 642,  and  fever al  Britifli  Antiquities. 

London, 
November  u,  1738. 

Yefterday  fe'nnight  I  faw  your  brother  (our  worthy  treafurer) 
well  at  the  Antiquarian  Society,  but  he  was  not  there  laft  night, 
when  from  Dr.  Rawlinfou  w^e  were  fliewn  at  fermon,  printed  at 
Oxford  all  in  red  letters,  and  preached  by  one  Jofias  How,  B.  D. 
I  think  in  1642,  whereof  mention  is  made  by  Ant.  Wood; 
but  thirty  of  them  were  printed.      Alfo  an  %  arrow-head  in  heart- 

*  This  was  not  found  in  the  Sepolchro  di  Nafoni,  but  in  the  Orti  Farnefiani.  See  Turnbull's 
r.flay  upon  Painting,   p.  172. 

f  This  ftrinon  was  preached  before  the  king  at  Chrift  Church  in  1644,  the  text  Pfalm  iv  7. 
printtd,  as  it  is  faid,  in  red  letters.     Ath.  Ox.  Fafli  II.  56. 

X  Thefe  flint  arrow-heads  have  been  found  all  over  Europe,  as  well  as  in  the  Eaft  and  Weft- 
Indies;  fo  that  the  ufe  of  them  feems  to  have  been  univerfal  in  old  times.    See  p.  319. 

form. 


MR.     JOHNSON     TO     MR.     GALE.  317 

form,  from  the  Eaft-Indies,  made  of  flint  fliarpened,  and  faid  to 
be  very  ancient.  I  think  in  the  mvifcum  at  Oxford  I  was  fliewn 
fome  parts  of  civil  and  miUtary  inilruments  of  the  hke  materials, 
faid  to  have  been  made  and  ufed  by  the  ancient  Britons,  before 
they  knew  how  to  melt  metals.  I  have  a  large  brafs  ring,  fuch 
as  are  faid  to  have  hung  round  their  waills  in  leathern  thongs 
for  ornaments,  which  is  formed  of  two  concave  pieces  pinned 
together,  either  before  they  knew  fodering,  or  becaufe  it  miQ;lit 
not  be  thought  on  to  fix  them  otherwife  together.  With  this 
a  ring  very  thick,  and  much  too  fmall  for  any  woman's  finder 
was  dug  up,  as  Captain  Pownall  afliired  me  (from  whom  I  had 
them)  made  of  flint  vitrified,  and  ftained  yellow  with  the  juice 
of  fome  berry,  as  it  feems,  being  of  a  pale  lemon  colour.  Thefc 
rings,  they  fay,  were  in  like  manner  the  ornaments  of  the 
Britifli  ladies  before  the  Romans  taught  them  to  drefs.  They 
were  very  uncouth  for  fuch  a  purpofe  ;  but  fome  of  our  country- 
men would  perfuade,  that  our  noble  anceftors,  the  AvJox^Qov^s  of 
thefe  ifles,  knew  nothing  but  what  they  had  from  the  Romans, 
in  arms  or  arts  ;  whereas,  the  remainder  of  their  coins  in  each 
of  the  three  metals,  their  buildings,  armour,  and  accounts  of 
the  very  invaders  the  Romans  and  firfl  fettlers  of  this  place,  prove 
the  contrary,  fhew  them  to  be  a  nation  both  trading  to  fea,  and 
traded  to;  and  I  conceive  it  eafy  to  prove,  they  had  both  arts, 
architedture  efpecially,  both  civil  and  military,  in  as  good  per- 
fedlion  as  their  neighbours,  as  alfo  to  have  been  as  well  fkilled 
in  arms.  Thefe  things  require  much  time  to  prove  them  to  fome 
people,  and  more  faith  than  for  want  of  reading  they  will  allow^; 
but  you  know  the  aflertion  to  be  fuch.      I  am,  yours.  Sic. 

Maurice  Johnson. 


Cii, 


DR.    S  T  U  K  E  L  E  Y     TO    MR.    GALE. 


CII. 

Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  Gale,  concerning  fome  antient  Paintings 
in  the  Poffeflion  of  Dr.  Mead,  Gronovins's  Colledion  of 
Medals,  &c. 

London, 
June  25,   1739. 

Dr.  Mead  has  got  fome  huge  paintings  of  the  antique,  as  big 
as  Hfe  ;  they  were  taken  up  in  the  old  buildings  at  Rome.  Ra- 
phael ftudied  from  them,  and  touched  them  up  too,  as  it  feems 
to  me.  They  are  fo  frefh,  the  figures  fo  round,  and  colours  fo 
lively,  that,  if  they  be  genuine,  we  may  conclude  the  antients 
were  great  mafters  in  that  art. 

A  colledion  of  antient  coins  is  coming  over  to  be  fold,  made 
by  the  great  Gronovius.      His  fon  defigns  to  fix  in  England. 

I  have  got  my  eighteen  plates  of  the  temple  of  Ifis  finiflied, 
and  in  winter  fhall  come  to  town  to  finiili  Stonehenge. 

W.  Stukeley. 


cm. 


Mr.  Johnson  to   Mr.  Gale,  on  Flint  Arrows  and  Spear-heads, 
and  an  antient  Fixture  of  Rofamond  Clifford. 

Spalding, 

July  14,   1739. 

I  had  the  pleafure,   when  laft  in  London,  of  communicating 

to  the  Antiquarian  Society  your  thoughts,  fent  me  in  November 

4  laft. 


M  R.     JOHNSON     TO    MR.    G  A  LE.  y.^ 

laft,   touching  the  flint  arrow-heads  there   produced   from   the 
Eaii-hidiep,    when   Mr.    Dillenius,    a    Swedilh   gcntlemaa   then 
prelent  (the  23d  of  that  nionth),  faid,   the  antient  Vandals  paid 
adoration  to  the  flint,   aiui  placed   the  images  of  their  Gods,   tlie 
Sun,  Moon,  Thor,  and  Woden,  thereon  ;   and  the  more  northern 
nations  buried  their  dead  both  with  Hints  and  fteel ;   that  this  ve- 
neration aroie  from  their' conceiving  the  power  of  the  fun  vir- 
tually lodged  in  the  filix.       On   communicating    thefe  obferva- 
tions  and  yours  to  our  fociety  here,    Dr.  Green,   my  brother  Se- 
cretary,  fiys,   from  Shelvocke's  account  of  the  Clalifornians,   that 
their  bow-ftrings  are  made  of  deersfinews,and  their  arrows  are  two 
thirds  of  an  hollow  cane,  with  a  heavy  wood  head,   and  a  piece  of 
agate  of  thefe  forms,  [pi.  VI.  fig.  i  2.]  and  that  Captain  Dampier, 
in  his  voyage,   fays,   "  Nor  are  the  wild  hidians  lefs  ingenious  ; 
thofe  of  Patagonia  head  their  arrows  with  flint  cut  or  ground." 
So  that  theie  kind  of  weapons  are  of  modern  as  well  as  antient 
ufe,   and  that  too  in  both  the  hidies  •'.■.; 

Mr.  Neve  of  Peterborough  has  a  hrafs  ring,  which  lias  been 
enamelled,  and  is  twilled  or  wreathed  round  large  enough  to  go 
about  my  wrift ;  with  a  loop  at  one,  and  a  button  at  the  other 
end  of  it,  which  it  laps  over  with  its  fpungincfs  :  it  was  found 
in  plowing  up  the  road  near  Chellerton,  and  feems  defigned 
to  hang  a  bulla  on  fome  young  Roman. 

I  have  not  long  fince  got  a  picture  of  a  very  fair  young  .lady, 
with  long  golden  locks,  in  fuch  fort  of  a  dreis  as  we  fee  in  the 
moft  antient  tapeitry,  with  an  alabafter  pot  in  one  hand,  and  a 
forrowful  countenance,  which  feems  to  have  been  defigned  very 
long  ago  for  Rofamond  Chffbrd.  It  was  called  the.  Lady  Little- 
bury's,  a  great  family  formerly  in  thofe  parts;  and,  I  prefumc, 
might  have  been  in  her  pofleflion  ;  it  is  cut,  frame  and  all  (which 
is  gilded)  out  of  one  piece  of  oak,   and  allowed  by  all  who  have 

**  See  one  before  defcribed,  p.  291,  pi.  VI.  fig.  7. 

fecn 


ozo  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

feeii  it  to  be  very  old  ;  it  is  drawn  to  the  waift,  but  in  a  fmall 
proportion,  about  twelve  inches  in  the  fliape,  as  in  Plate  VI.  fig. 
1  3.  the  head-drefs  and  attire  are  very  uncommon.     I  am,  Sec. 

M.  Johnson. 


CIV. 

Memorandums  in  travelling  from  Edenborough  to  Glafgow,   fent 
by  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale. 

Auguft  7,   I7J9. 

From  Edenborough  fet  out  about  feven  or  eight  in  the  morning, 
and  go  dire6lly  to  Queen's-ferry,  which  is  feven  miles.  This 
place  is  called  ReginaeTraje£lus,  being  on  the  fea-fide,  andcommo- 
dious  for  our  paffage  to  our  old  Queen's-ferry  from  Drumferling, 
where  there  is  a  royal  palace,  to  Edenborough.  It  is  at  this  day 
the  chief  paffage  to  Perth  and  the  Highlands.  The  ifland  in  the 
middle  of  the  Frith  is  remarkable,  being  within  cannot  fhot  from 
both  fides :  it  is  called  Inchgarire.  From  the  Queen's-ferry, 
about  three  miles  by  lea,  go  to  Hopton-houfe.  This  is  a  houfe 
worth  looking  at  on  the  outfide,  but  little  above  half  of  it  is 
finiflied.  You  may  give  yourfelf  no  farther  trouble  in  feeing 
any  thing  here  but  the  fine  terrace  above  the  fea,  which  is  in- 
deed very  beautiful.  From  it  you  have  a  view  of  all  the  Frith 
from  Stirling  to  the  Ille  of  May.  From  Hopton-houfe  you  may 
go  either  to  Borrow ftonefle,  a  large  fea-port  town,  or  to  Lithgow, 
but  this  lafl  may  be  two  miles  out  of  the  way.  On  the  weft  fide 
of  Hopton,  by  the  fea,  is  the  caftle  of  Abercorn,  called  by  an- 
tient  writers  Abercurnith,    and  here  began  the  Roman  wall  of 

Antoninus 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  jii 

Antoninus  Pius,  which  reaches  to  the  weft  feas,  at  lead  to  the 
Frith  of  Clyde  near  tlie  caftle  of  Dunbarton.      Dine,  if  you  can 
reach  it,  at  Falkirk,  which  is  eighteen  miles  from  Edenborough, 
and  fix  from  Stirling  :   on  the  fouth  fide  of  this  town,  you  will 
fee  the  Roman  vallum.      About  two  miles  north  weft  from  Fal- 
kirk, upon  the  fide  of  the  river  Carron,    you  will  fee  Arthur's 
Oven,    or   the   Tempi um  Termini,    as  fome  think   it;    nobody 
doubts  of  its  being  Roman,   though  a  very  plain  piece  of  work. 
On  the  way  to  Stirling,  in  the  forewood,  at  fome  diftance  from  the 
road,   you  may  fee  the  remains  of  an  old  oak,  yet  alive,  which, 
as  we  have  certain  documents,  was  a  decayed  tree  300  years  ago; 
it  is  commonly  called  Sir  William  Wallace's  tree,  and  was  in  di- 
ameter, when  I  faw  it  firft,  thirty-five  years  ago,  about  fourteen 
feet ;   but  this  you  may  take  on  truft,  for  you  would  have  diffi- 
culty to  come  at  it.     Lye  all  night  at  Stirling,  and   next  morn- 
ing you  may  look  at  the  caftle,  which   has  fome  fingularities 
about  it,   and  fome  very  good  rooms  ;   from  thence  take  the  way 
to  Glafgow,   and  on  the  fouth  fide  of  Kilfyth,  at  half  a   mile 
diftance,  you  will  fee  the  Roman  vallum  ftretching  weftward  : 
you  pafs  it  about  two  miles  weft  of  Kilfyth,  at   a  village  called 
KirtkintoUoch  now,  but,  if  I  remember  right,   by  antient  writers 
Kirpentiller.      Here  is  a  Roman  prsetorium,   but  much  defaced, 
the  village  being  built  out   of  it.     At   Glafgow,  fee    the  great 
church,   and  the  church  under  ground,   which  is  a  part  of  it, 
called  the  Baronie  Kirk.    The  bifliop's  houfe  you  will  fee  in  a 
very  bad  itate  :   the  college  is  a  tolerable  building,  of  two  courts  ; 
the  library  is  but  indifferent,  but  you  may  call  for  one  of  Mr. 
Zachariah  Boyd's   MSS.  where  you  will   fee  a  ferious  burlefque 
upon  the  Bible,  which  to  print,  the  college  had  a  large  fum  of 
money  left  them,  but  thought  it  more  for  the  honour  of  the 
author  not  to  pay  any  obedience  to  his  will.     In  the  college,   you 
will  fee  a  good  many  Roman  ftones  and  infcriptions,  from  the 

T  t  Vallum 


322  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

Vallum  Antonini.  The  town  will  not  difpleafe  you,  and  the 
bridge  and  river  deferve  to  be  feen.  The  people  are  tolerably 
indultrious  and  rich,  and  diligent  in  moi^  manufactures,  parti- 
cularly the  linen.  Their  falmons  and  herrings  are  good,  and 
their  wines  are  tolerable,  particularly  the  Canary  and  Malvafie, 

From  Glafgow  go  to  Hamilton,  at  feven  or  eight  miles  dif- 
tance.  You  will,  I  believe,  pafs  Clyde  at  the  famous  Bothvvell- 
bridge,  lye  at  Hamilton  all  night.  The  Duke's  houfe  has  no 
great  matters  within,  except  a  few  good  pidtvires  in  the  gallery, 
particularly  one  by  Rubens,  reprefenting  Daniel  in  the  den  of 
lions.  The  gardens  are  very  agreeable,  and  the  duke's  dog- 
houfe  is  among  the  beft  of  the  place.  The  park  of  Hamilton  is 
very  noble. 

From  Hamilton  fet  out  next  morning  for  Moffat. — Stop  not 
till  you  come  to  a  fingle  houfe  or  inn  on  the  lid e  of  the  Clyde, 
called  EUenand:  Willifon,  the  landlord  of  the  houfe,  will  wait 
upon  you  for  fix  or  feven  miles  after  dinner,  till  I  meet  with 
you  at  the  head  of  the  Clyde,  about  five  or  fix  in  the  afternoon, 
at  a  place  called  Erick-ftane,  five  miles  from  Moffat.  The 
mountain  where  this  is,  is  remarkable  for  being  the  fource  of 
three  rivers,  Tweed,  Clyde,  and  Anan.  Before  you  come  to 
Ellenand  foot,  you  will  fee  where  in  old  time  both  gold  and 
filver  mines  were  wrought  in  the  Moor  of  Crawford. 


CV. 


MR.    GALE    TO    MR.    JOHNSON.  323 


CV. 

Mr.  Gale  to  Mr.  Johnson,  with  feme  particulars  of  a  Journey 

into  Scotland. 

Scruton, 
Auguft  1 8,   I7J9. 

•  I  had  Dr.  Knight  and  his  fon's  company  with  me  to  Edenborough. 
We  went  through  the  biflioprick  of  Durham  and  Northumber- 
land into  Scotland,  and  travelled  through  a  very  fine  country  after 
the  firft  four  miles  beyond  Berwick.  The  city  is  very  Well  built, 
for  the  moft  part  with  lofty  ftone  houfes ;  but  the  ftreets,  befides 
their  dirtinefs,  being  much  uphill  and  downhill,  are  very  trouble- 
fome  to  walk :  nothing  can  exceed  them  in  naftinefs,  but  their 
churches  and  houfes  within  doors ;  and  a  great  face  of  poverty  and 
pride  reigns  through  the  whole,  though  we  were  not  much  ac- 
quainted with  the  worft  part  of  it,  having  been  moft  elegantly  en- 
tertained all  the  while  we  were  there,  by  perfons  of  diftin(5tion, 
with  the  utmoft  generofity  and  politenefs. 

Their  univerfity,  or  rather  college,  is  but  a  poor  thing,  mean  as 
any  of  the  halls  at  Oxford  ;  the  principal  has  a  tolerable  houfe, 
the  reft  of  the  lodgings  look  as  if  they  were  deferred  both  by  ftu- 
dents  and  profeftbrs,  who  take  up  their  quarters  for  the  moft  part 
in  the  town.  The  library  is  large,  and  contains  a  good  colledlion  ; 
above  it  is  a  room  for  curiolities  ;  among  the  natural  is  George 
Buchanan's  fknll,  as  they  fay,  remarkable  for  its  thinnefs,  in  fome 
parts  almoft  diaphanous ;  there  is  another  attending  it,  notable 
as  much  for  its  denfity,  being,  as  appears  by  feveral  holes  drilled 
through  it,  near  half  an  inch  thick.  The  Advocate's  library,  how- 
ever, is  much  better,  being  more  numerous  in  books,  chofen  with 
great  judgment ;  I  faw  but  pne  ancient  manulcript  in  it,  which 

T  t  2  was 


324  MR.    GALE    TO    MR.    JOHNSON. 

was  Martial's  Epigrams,   600  years  old  or -more.      It  has  alfo  a  nu- 
merous colledioii  of  Roman  coins,   particularly  confular. 

We  were  twice  at  Mavis-bank,   four  miles  to  the  fouth  of  Eden- 
borough,  built  by  Sir  John  Clerk,   in  a  true  Palladio  tafte,  one  of 
the  moft  elegant  I  ever  faw,  for  fituation,  wood,  and  water,  though 
the  houfe  is  but  fmall.      We  went  four  miles  farther  to  another 
feat  of  Sir  John's,  that  is  called  Pennycuick  (Mom  Cuculijy  built 
in  the  ancient  ftyle,   but  not  without  its  natural  beauties,  particu- 
larly a  vaft  pond  or  lake,  with  two  iflands  in  it,   and  full  of  fifh. 
In  the  way  to  it,  we  faw  Roflin-chapel,   a  moft  noble  Gothic  ftruc- 
ture,  exceeded   by  few ;   founded,   as  appears  by  an  infcription 
cut  the  whole  length  of  it  over  the  windows,  by  William  Sinclair, 
earl  of  Orkney  and  Zeeland,  A.  D.  1453.     It  has  laid  open  to  the 
weather  ever  fince  the  Reformation,   but  has  withftood  all  its  ef- 
fecSts,  by  the  goodnefs  of  the  materials,  and  excellency  of  its  work, 
to  a  miracle  ;   however,  the  rain  now  penetrating  through  its  roof, 
which  is  vaulted  w^ith  ftone,   would  in  a  few  years  have  diflblved 
it  entirely,   had  not  that  true  lover  of  antiquities  and  all  the  li- 
beral arts,.  Sir  John  Clerk,  perfuaded  the  prefent  Lord  Sinclair  to 
put  it  into  compleat  repair.     The  workmen  have  been  upon  it 
all  this  fummer  ;   and  as  Sir  John  has  the  whole  dircdion  of  it,  in 
a  year  more  it  will  not  be  only  fecured  from  ruin,  but  be  made  as 
beautiful  and  ftately  as  moft  of  that  fort  of  edifices  in  the  king- 
dom,  though  it  is  likely  to  be  ufed  only  as  a  burying-place  for 
that  noble  family,  of  whom  there  is  only  one  tomb  now  in  it, 
and  that  in  the  fame  wretched  condition  as  t±ie  reft  of  the  fabric, 
which  brings  to  my  mind  the  forlorn  ftate  of  Holyrood-houfe- 
chapel,  in  the  palace  of  Edenborough,   a  moft  magnificent  build- 
ing, having  been  the  eaft  end  of  the  abbey-church,  the  burying 
place  of  their  kings  and  nobility,  but  now  much  like  a  dog-ken- 
nel,  the  tombs  laid  open  or  deftroyed,  the  whole  full  of  dirt  and 
rubbilh. 

From 


MR.    GALE    TO    M  R."    J  O  H  N  S  O  N.  325 

From  Pennycuickwehad  a  long  day's  journey  to  MofFat-waters, 
a  ftinking  fulphureous  fpaw,    but  not  fo  ftrong  to  the  node,    or 
fait  to  the  palate,  as  that  at  Harrowgate  near  Knarefbrough,   and 
is  much  reforted  to  in  fummer.      As  a  phyfician  told  me,  it  was 
but  a  flow  alterative,   reqxiiring  a  long  courfe  of  drinking  it   to 
have  efFedt.      Our  journey  lay  through  a  mountainous  country, 
thinly    peopled,    and   poor  accommodations,    except    at   Moftar, 
where  we  lay  and  fupped  well  enough.      About  nine  or  ten  miles 
to  the  weft  of  Pennycuick,  we  faw  no  lefs  than  14  intrenchments, 
one  above  another,  upon  the  fide  of  a  hill  on  our  left  hand,  not 
lefs  than  half  a  mile  in  length,    and  a  large  camp  on  another  hill 
at  the  farther  end  of  them.      Behind  them  is  a  little  town  called 
Romana  to  this  day,  I  fuppofe  from  the  Roman  caftra  there.     It 
was  probably  an  encampment  of  Julius  Agricola,  when  he  in- 
vaded Scotland.      A  gentleman  who  lives  there  has  wrote  an  hif- 
torical  account  of  the  country,  but  has^not  one  word  of  the  mighty 
work  that  prefents  itfelf  every  day  to  his  view. 

The  next  day  brought  us  to  Carlifle:  juft  before  we  came  to  a 
place  poor  enough,  called  Ecciefacchyn*,  where  we  dined  ;  we 
went  a  little  out  of  our  way  to  the  left,  to  view  the  two  famous 
camps  at  Burnfwork,  fo  called,  I  believe,  from  the  Bourn  or 
Spring,  which  rifes  in  the  fouthermoft.  The  high-hill  betwixt 
them,  from  whence  you  have  a  profpe6t  20  miles  round,  makes 
me  think  with  the  Baron,  that  here  were  the  Caftra  Explorato- 
rum.  About  three  miles  from  thefe  camps  we  came  to  Middleby,. 
the  ruins  of  a  Roman  town,  where  the  Baron  got  three  fine  altars, 
and  the  Brigantia  mentioned  in  Mr.  Horfley's  Britannia  Romana. 

From  Carlifle  we  travelled  along  a  Roman  road  till  within  a  few 
miles  of  this  place,  firft  to  Perith,  then  to  Appleby  in  Weftm.ore- 
land,  where  we  faw  feveral  Roman  infcriptions,  placed  and  pre- 

*  The  Little  Church,  in  Britifh. 

ferved 


326  MR.    GALE    TO    MR.    JOHNSON. 

ferved  in  the  walls  about  the  Free-fchool ;  but  as  they  have  all 
been  publifhed  by  Camden,  Gibfon,  and  Horfley,  it  was  needlefs 
to  tranfcribe  any  of  them  de  novo. 

This  road  runs  from  Appleby  over  the  Saxetum  of  Stainmore, 
a  moft  difmal  country,   rocky,  mountainous,  and  defert  for  about 
ten  miles,  except  one  houfe  called  the  Spittle,  now  a  forry  inn : 
about  a  mile  before   you  come   to  Appleby,   appear  the  veftigia 
of  a  fmall  camp,    at  prefent  named  Maiden  Caftle.     I  fuppofe, 
it  was  deligned  at  firft  for  no  more  than  a  fpecula,   and  for  a 
fmall  detachment  from  fome  of  the  next  garrifons  to  guard  the 
paflage,   the  road  running  diredtly  through  it.      We  have  in  Bri- 
tain feveral  Maiden  Caftles,  Maiden  Bowers,  Maiden  Ways,  all 
reliques  of  antiquity,  but  why  fo  named  I  could  never  devife  : 
liad  this  title  only  been  given  to  caftles,   I  fliould  have  taken  it 
only  for  a  gafconade,   for  a  cajlrum  inexpugnatum  ;  but  this  will 
not  reconcile  it  to  bowers  and  ways.     In  Welfh,  they  are  called 
Caer  ForwyUy  See.  which  is   Caftrum  Virginum,  or  Virgineum. 
I  am,  Sec, 

R.  Gale. 


CVl. 

Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  giving  an  Account  of  his  Jour- 
ney to  Whitehaven,  of  the  Coal-works  there,  Antiquities  at 
Boulnefs,  and  the  Pids  Wall,  &:c. 

Pennycuick, 
Auguft  19,  1739. 

I  Ihall  now  give  you  an  account,  but  fliort,  of  my  travels 
after  we  parted  at  Carlille.  The  miles  are  very  long,  fifteen  of 
them  took  up  five  hours  on  a  ftrong  trot.      What  I  obferved  by 

the 


SIPv    JOHN     CLERK    TQ    MR.    GALE.  327 

the  way,  was  in  the  firft  place  1000  acres  covered  with  whins 
and  brackins,  all  good  foil,  and  fufficient  to  give  bread  to  ten 
colonies  as  great  as  that  in  Georgia.  In  the  next  place,  a  pro- 
digious bad  road  for  three  or  four  miles  before  we  came  to 
Whitehaven.  I  ftaid  all  Saturday  in  this  town,  and  faw  every 
thing  that  deferved  to  be  ieen  :  the  greateft  curiofity  was  Sir 
James  Lowther  himfelf,  See.  Whenever  his  death  happens, 
it  will  be  much  felt  by  the  people  of  this  place;  for  when  his 
money  comes  to  be  divided,  the  coal  will  be  fct  in  farm,  and 
confequently  brought  to  the  vergQ  of  ruin, 

Amongft  the  extra.ordinary  works  of  this  place,  I  could  not 
but  admire  thofe  on  the  fea  coafl  to  the  weftward.  The  fink 
goes  down  perpendicularly  eighty  fathom  below  the  fea,^  and  many 
underneath  it.  Sir  James's  riches  in  part  Iwim  over  his  head, 
for  fliips  pafs  daily  above  the  ground  where  his  colliers  work. 
The  coals  are  drawn  up  by  an  engine,  worked  by  two  horfes, 
wliich  go  a  full  trot  every  eight  hours,  and  three  changes  are 
employed  in  a  day  and  a  night.  The  quantity  drawn  up  is  about 
20  corfs  in  an  hour  ;  each  corf  conlifts  of  an  oblong  fquare  thirty- 
two  inches  long,  eighteen  broad,  and  twenty-two  deep,  which 
cofts  feven-pence  halfpenny.  Thus  I  find  the  great  quantity  of 
coal  brought  up  in  a  year  (Sundays  excepted)  amount  to  the 
real  value  of  4000I.  il:erling.  Out  of  this  fum  Sir  James  has 
the  colliers  to  pay,  and  all  the  expences  of  the  work,  which 
made  me  pofitively  fure  that  he  could  not  clear  above  5  or  600I. 
of  free  money  yearly  from  this  coal  work.  It  is  true  he  has 
others,  but  nothing  near  fo  great  and  rich  as  this  is.  He  draws 
water  from  his  feams  by  a  fire  engine,  with  four  pumps  and 
four  lifts ;  one  of  the  pumps  goes  down  eighty  fathoms,  which 
bring  up  the  water  to  a  ciifern  at  fixty  fathoms  deep ;  from 
thence  another  pump  raifes  it  to  a  ciftern  of  forty  fathoms  deep 
from  the  furface  or  top  of  the  link.  A  third  pump  brings  it  up 
4  to 


328  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

to  twenty,  and  a  fourth  quite  up  to  the  level  of  the  fea  at  high 
water.  The  ciflern  which  gives  life  to  this  motion  is  of  brafs, 
forty-two  inches  in  diameter,   fixt  on  a  border  of  about  eleven  feet 

diameter. 

The  coal,  when  brought  up  to  the  level  of  the  fea,  is  put 
into  Ihips,  and  conveyed  into  the  cavity  of  a  hill,  whence  it 
is  drawn  up  by  a  fecond  engine  ;  there  it  is  put  on  great  carts 
with  low  wheels,  which  gently  roll  down  to  the  harbour  on 
boards  of  oak.  The  method  of  putting  it  on  fliipboard  is  no 
lefs  curious,  but  I  believe  you  have  feen  it.  The  ftrata  of  coal 
are  five  or  fix  in  number  ;  the  greateft  is  about  fix  feet  in  thick- 
nefs,  and  fometimes  {even  or  eight;  the  next  is  about  five  feet 
one  inch,  and  another  about  two  feet  thick. 

The  quantity  yet  left  to  work  is  in  my  opinion  no  great 
matter,  though  they  talk  of  them  under  the  fea ;  for  a  few  years 
will  exhaull:  it,  and  if  the  roof  gives  way  in  any  one  place,  the 
coal  will  not  only  be  drowned  in  a  moment,  but  above  two  hunr 
dred  people  will  lofe  their  lives.  Though  the  coal  of  Newcaftl'e 
be  much  exhaufl:ed  near  the  fea,  the  ftrata  continues  all  the  way 
to  Corbridge  and  Hexham  :  it  is  quite  otherwife  at  Whitehaven, 
for  the  ftrata  are  almoft  fpent  to  the  length  of  Workington,  at 
leaft  no  great  field  of  coal  do  remain ;  it  is  certain,  however, 
that  fome  feams  ftretch  toward  Newcaftle,  and  are  the  fame, 
thourrh  broken  and  interrupted,  fometimes  lying  flat,  fometimes 
on  edffe,  fometimes  three  or  four  feet  thick,  fometimes  fcarce 
an  inch,  all  which  alterations  I  have  fufficiently  obferved  here 
in  Scotland. 

The  copperas  work  at  Whitehaven  is  a  curiofity  that  deferves 
to  be  feen.  The  copperas  is  made  by  boiling  the  water  into  a  fait 
which  comes  from  the  brafiy  particles  of  Sir  James's  coals  ;  thefe 
particles  or  lumps  are  gathered  from  the  reft  of  the  coal  when 

brought 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  329 

brought  above  ground,   and  fell  at  the  fame  price ;   to  this  they 
add  pieces  of  rufty  iron  without  any  other  ingredient. 

This  is  the  fum  of  what  I  obferved  at  Whitehaven  ;  and  I 
muft  not  forget  that  1  faw  with  great  delight  the  Roman  altar  in 
Sir  James's  houfe,  of  which  Camden  takes  notice*. 

In  my  way  to  Boulnefle,  or  Boneffe  as  the  country  people  call 
it,  I  might  have  feen  the  antiquities  of  Nether-hall  t;  but  it 
being  about  dinner-time  I  chofe  to  go  on. 

On  Sunday  we  went  along  the  fea  fide  to  Alington,  and  fo 
came  to  Boulnefle,  where  I  was  obliged  to  ftay,  becaufe  of  the 
tide,  till  next  morning  about  eleven.  Here  the  Roman  wall 
began  or  ended.  Camden  thinks  it  went  a  little  further  into 
the  fea,  which  is  very  probable  if  the  Frith  at  low  water  was  as 
paifable  then  as  it  is  now  ;  but  I  have  rcafon  to  believe  that  in 
the  Roman  times  the  fea  ran  higher  by  feveral  feet  than  at 
prefent.  This  is  manifeft  on  the  coait  of  Italy,  and  even  in. 
Scotland,  for  at  a  place  called  Cramond  a  little  above  Leith 
there  was  a  Roman  harbour,  where  now  the  fea  fcarce  waflies. 

The  flation  at  Boulnefle  has  been  a  large  fquare,  all  fortified 
with  ditches  faced  with  fquare  ftones ;  few  ruins  except  an  old 
fquare  vault  remaining.  The  wall  of  Severus  is  very  confpicu- 
ous  here  for  a  mile  or  two,  though  fometimes  levelled  to  the 
ground.  Nothing  remains  but  the  middle  of  the  body,  and 
indeed  this  appears  in  fome  places,  where  I  meafured  it  eight, 
nine,  and  ten  feet  high,  the  outs  and  inns  have  been  of  fquared 
ftones.  A  thoufand  cart  loads  remain,  and  the  quantity  is 
vifible  in  all  the  houfes  and  inclofures  thereabouts.  Nothing  is 
to  be  feen  half  a  mile  from  this  wall  but  fmall  inclofvu^es  of  two 
or  three  acres,  fenced  with  thefe  ftones.  I  obferved  that  the  in- 
clofure  of  the  wall  is  built  irregular  for  the  moft  part,  and  fome- 

*  voLANTi  VIVAS.  f  Mr.  Senhoufe'3. 

U  u  times 


y.o  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

times  this  way.  [Plate  VJI.  fig.  i.]  The  cement  is  a  mixture  of 
lime  and  fmall  gravel,  with  fome  fhells  beat  together,  and  poured 
in  with  water  from  the  top  till  the  interfaces  were  filled  up. 
This  way  has  been  imitated  by  myfelf  and  fome  modern  builders 
with  good  effeft,  and  never  fails  to  make  ftrong  work.  By 
the  bye,  I  wifli  all  builders  of  houfes  defigned  to  be  warm  and 
laft  for  ages  to  follow  this  method,  after  the  ftones  are  regu- 
larly laid  with  mortar  in  the  ordinary  way  ;  no  vacuity  or  entry 
from  air  w^ill  then  remain. 

This  ftation  of  Boulneffe  w'as  by  Camden  and  others  thought 
to  be  the  Blatum  Bulgium  of  the  Roman  Britons,  but  ISlr.  Horfley 
will  have  it  called  'funnocellum,  and  that  at  Middleby,  which 
you  faw,  is  his  Blatwn  Bulgium,  and  Boulneffe  :  the  additional 
fyllable  J7ejfe  *  being  an  old  Britifli  word  to  .  fignify  a  point  or 
prominence  near  tbe  fed :  fb  we  have  in  Scotland  InverneJJe,  Bu^ 
c/janeje,   and  many  others  t.  '- 

I  find  that  Mr.  Horfley  has  not  had  an  opportunity  to  fee  an 
altar  which  is  here  built  up  in  a  new  chapel  belonging  to  one 
'fquire  Lawfon,  with  the  following  infcription,  which  I  caufed 
the  fchoolmafter  of  the  place,  a  young  man,  to  ftand  on  a  ladder 
about  fixt-een  feet  from  the  ground,  and  to  copy  as  well  as  he 
could.     I  examined  it  afterwards  myfelf,  and  found  no  miftake* 

I.    o.    M. 

PRO    SALVTE 

D.D.    N.N.    GALLI 

ET  VOLVSIANI 

AVGG.    SVLPICIVS 

SECVNDINVS. 

VS.    TRIE.     CO 

R.    POSVIT. 

*  T^ejp,    nafiis. 

■\  Alfo  in  England,  Pe^perneffi,  JVlntertonntJpj  &c, 

4  The 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    G  A  L  Bt-         331 

The  reading  I  take  to  be  thus  ; 
Jovi  Optimo  maximo 
^  pro  falute 

Dominorum  nojlrorum  Galli 
et  Volufiani, 
Augujlorum  Sulpicius 
Secundinus 
us  I'ridunus  Co 
hortis  pojiiit. 
Mr.  Horfley  takes  notice  of  a  pillar  found  in  that  neighbour- 
hood, near  Gretabridge  ^•',  with  an  infcription  to  thefe  two  em- 
perors, which  he  fays  is  the   only  one  in  Britain.   See  his  book, 
.p.  305  :  but. here  you  fee  another,  or  I  read  it  wrong.     There 
^re  above  the  word  secvndi.nvvs   (I  fuppofe  for  secvndinvs) 
five  points,  which  pofitively  were  made  to  fignify  what  office 
or  family  this  man  was  of,  for  they  are  by  no  means  accidental. 

Some  days  before  I  came  to  this  place,  there  was  another 
ftone  found  about  ten  inches  fquare,  of  this  figure  [Plate  VII. 
fig;  ?.]  with  this  famous  infcription.  The  reading  of  this  is 
agreeable  to  other  infcriptions  of  the  lixth  legion. 

Legiofexta  viSlrix  piajidelis  (or  felix)  fecit, 
Thefe  were  the  honourable  titles  of  this  legion;  and  the  ftone 
being  of  no  great  weight,  I  gave  my  landlord  a  fhilling  for  it, 
who  had  it  on  his  dyke,   and  carried  it  away  with  me. 

But  before  I  leave  this  place,  I  cannot  omit  to  tell  you  one 
remark,  which  my  landlord  (being  a  malbn  by  trade)  affured  me 
of,  and  that  is,  that  there  is  no  one  ftone  t  within  iix  miles  of 
the   place,  of  which  Severus's   wall  is   built,   being  of  reddifli 

*  Now  at  sir  Thomas  Robinfon's  at  Rookby. 

•)■  This  mud  be  underftoo_d  of  the  wall  about  Boulnefle,  for  where  it  takes  its  courfe  in  feveral 
other  parts,  there  U  ftone  enough,  as  at  Brompton,  where  it  was  taken  from  the  rocky  iides  of 
the  river.' 

y  u  2  lime, 


33»  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

lime,  and  of  a  Very  fine  grit ;  it  required  millions  of  cart  loads 
to  have  made  {o  ftupenduous  a  work,  and  therefore  I  believe 
they  had  it  from  the  Caledonian  fide  of  the  water,  where  all  the 
country  for  fome  miles  abounds  with  it,  and  likewife  affords 
great  quantities  of  lime  flones. 

After  all,  I  cannot  but  take  notice  of  two  things  with  rcQ-ard 
to  this  wall,  that  have  given  me  great  matter  of  Ipeculation  ;  the 
firft  is  why  it  was  made  at  all,  for  it  could  never  be  a  proper 
defence,,  and  perhaps  at  BoulnefTe  lefs  than  at  any  other  place, 
lince  our  Barbarian  forefathers  on  the  north  fide  could  pafs  over 
even'at'^owvvater,  or,  if  the  fca  was  then  higher  or  deeper  than 
it  is  now,  could  make  their  attacks  from  the  N.  E.  by  land.  The 
fecond  is,  why  the  Scotch  hiitorians,  vain  enough  by  nature,  have 
not  taken  more  pains  to  defcribe  this  wall,  a  performance  which 
did  their  anceftors  more  honour  than  all  the  trifling  flones  put 
together,  which  they  have  tranfmitted  to  us.  It  is  true,  the 
Romans  walled  out  Humanity  from  us ;  but  it  is  as  certain  they 
thought  the  Caledonians  a  very  formidable  people,  when  they 
at  fo  much  labour  and  coft  built  this  wall,  as  before  they  had 
made  a  Vallum'  between  Forth  and  Clyde. 

If  you  pleafe  to  follow  me  now  over  to  Scotland,  I  mufl  ac- 
quaint you  that  1  found  Solway  Frith  an  excellent  pafTage  at 
low  water,  and  no  finking  fand  near  it.  The  whole  breadth  of 
it  is  about  two  miles,  and  at  low  water  is  quite  dry,  except  about 
the  middle,  where  the  rivers  Eden  and  EJ^e  form  a  channel  about 
two  hundred  ells  in  breadth,  not  above  twelve  or  fixteen  inches 
deep. 

j]nnai2d  lies  at  two  miles  diflance  from  the  north  fliore,  and 
is  but  a  little  village  of  about  a  hundred  houfes,  though  a  royal 
borough.  Twelve  miles  from  this  place  is  Dumfries,  where  I 
llaid  a  day.  It  is  a  very  fine  town,  well  built  on  the  river  Nitb^ 
and  has  a  deal  of  rich  inclofed  ground  about  it.     It  is  in  bulk 

about 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  333 

about  the  bignefs  of  Whitehaven,   and  is  Hkewifc  a  place  of  trade 
and  induftry. 

P'rom  hence  we  came  in  four  or  five  hours  to  a  place  called 
Drumcriefj   which  is  near  Moffat,   belonging  to  that  fon  of  mine 
that  waited  on  you  to  Carlifle.      Here,   in  a  moiTe  of  fmall  extent, 
I  believe  forty  or  fifty  fathom  at  lealf  above  the  level  of  the  fea, 
I  faw  the  finefl  oak  my  eyes  ever  beheld.      It  lay  fix  feet  under 
the  furface,   flraight,   and  above  feventy  feet  hi  length,   all  frefli 
from  the   root  to  the  top,    though  it  no  doubt  had- lain  there 
fifteen  hundred  years  ;  near  to  it  were  a  great  many  other  oaks, 
and  above,   near  the  furface,   a  whole  wood  of  birch  trees,  which 
have  grown  up  after  the  cataftrophe  of  the  oaks.      The  main 
queflion  here  is,  what  power  overturned  thefe  firit  and  laff,  for 
the  roots  are  as  eonfpicuous  as  the  bodies  and  branches.     If  this 
came  about  by  a  wind,  there  has  been  more  of  it  here  than  hap- 
pened on  the  1 3th  of  January  laft,   which  was  the  greateft  ever 
known ;   or  if  it  happened  by  the  general  deluge,   there  muft 
have  been  greater  defolation  over  the  world  than  many  give  faith 
to.     This  is  certain,  in  the  mean  time,   from  the  appearance  of 
all  our  ftrata,   and  particularly  coal  and  limeftones,  that  our  world 
fomehow  or  other  has  fuffered  a  great  concuffion. 

I  have  been  led  into  this  long  letter  by  fancying  myfelf  in 
converfation  with  you,  and  now  being  av/ake,  I  find  myfelf  dif- 
appointed  :  however,  if  you  think  what  relates  to  the  infcrip- 
tions  and  the  wall  will  be  agreeable  to  our  Antiquarian  friends 
in  London,  you  may  pleafe  to  make  what  ufe  of  it  you  think 
proper.     My  family  give  their  kind  refpedls  to  you.     I  am,   &c. 

J.  Clerk. 


CVII, 


334  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 


CVIL 

Sir  John   Clerk    to   Mr.  Gale,  on  Eclipfes  of  the  Sun  and 
Moon,   and  Queries  relating  to  Goal-works. 

December  S,  1739. 

I  have  feen  the  Tranfa6lions  of  the  Royal  Society  for  January, 
February,  March,  and  April,  1738,  and  amongft  them  a  lett^ 
of  mine  to  you  about  the  eclipfe  of  the  fun  :  I  am  glad  to  find 
fo  well  of  it,  it  having  never  been  intended  for  that  learned 
Society. 

On  the  fecond  of  January  next  you  will  fee  a  fine  eclipfe  of 
the  moon  :  the  penumbra  begins  at  feven  in  the  evening,  2  min, 
55".  The  beginning  of  the  eclipfe  is  at  8  h.  15  min.  19": 
the  middle  at  10  h.  12  min.  56''.  End  of  total  darknefs  1 1  h. 
5  min.  15'".  End  of  eclipfe  12  h,  10  min.  33'':  the  penum- 
bra ends  I  h.  2  min.  si"'  Quantity  of  the  eclipfe  21  digits,  6 
jnin.  23''.  The  above  hours,  minutes,  and  feconds,  will,  I 
judge,   anfwer  your  fituation,  with  no  great  variation. 

I  being  a  coal-mafter  of  near  forty  years  experience,  our  Phi- 
lofophical  Society  experts  a  differtation  from  me  on  coal,  with 
the  beft  methods  of  carrying  up  levels,  fetting  down  finks,  con- 
veying air,  rectifying  damps  and  bad  air,  with  other  fuch  things 
as  are  obferved  about  coal.  This  1  am  preparing,  but  may  be 
helped  by  you  in  the  following  particulars  ; 

1.  As  to  the  antiquity  of  digging  coals  about  Newcaftle  ? 

2.  What  counties  in  England  do  moll  abound  in  it  ? 

3.  If  you  think  the  ftrata  of  coal  near  as  ancient  as  the  world  ? 
or  if  the  ftrata  of  foft  earth  by  length  of  time  imbibed  a  ful- 
phureous,  bituminous,  combuftible  quality  ? 

4.  If 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  335 

4.  If  thefe  ftrata  are  confined  to  certain  latitudes  of  our  globe? 

5.  If  it  is  not  coal,  which  the  Chinefe  miiTionaries  mentipn  as 
the  common  fuel  in  China  ? 

6.  If  there  are  any  places  near  London  under  difcouragements 
about  working  coal,  for  the  benefit  of  the  Newcaftle  trade  in 
coal  ? 

7.  Is  there  any  a6t  or  ordinance  of  parliament  in  England 
about  working  coal  in  Henry  the  Fifth's  days? 

You  will  fee  that  Dr.  Stukeley,  in  his  Itinerary,  fays,  that  the 
ftrata  of  coal  lye  eaft  and  weft  from  fea  to  fea :  fo  far  indeed  I 
believe,  that  the  ftrata  of  coal  at  Whitehaven  are  the  fame  with 
thofe  at  Newcaftle,  See.     With  my  very  be  ft  refpedts,  I  am,  8.:c. 

J.  Clerk. 


CVIII. 
Mr.  Gale's  anfwer  to  Sir  John  Clerk,  relating  to  Coal. 

Scruton, 
Feb.  i6,    1739-40. 

I  am  very  much  rejoiced  to  hear  v/e  may  expe6l  fomething 
from  you  about  coal  and  coal-works,  and  hope  I  fliall  have  the 
pleafure  of  feeing  it  when  finiflied  ;  for,  I  fuppofe,  it  will  be  p\ib- 
liflied  by  your  Philofophical  Society.  It  is  a  fubjedt  fcarcely  yet 
touched,  though  fo  neceffary  to  be  underftood  :  I  know  of  no 
author  that  has  exprefsly  handled  it.  Dr.  Plott,  indeed,  in  his 
Hiftory  of  StafFordftiire,  and  Mr.  Robin fon,  in  his  Natural  Hif- 
tory  of  Weftmoreland  and  Cumberland,  have  fomething  of  it, 
but  fuperficial,  with  poor  reafoning  in  their  philofophy.  The 
beft  account  that  I  have  met  with  of  this  matter  is  given  by  Mr. 
Strachey,  in  the  Philofophical  Tranfadtions,  N°  360  and  391. 

I  muft 


'336  MR.    GALE    TO    SIR    JOHN    CLERK. 

I  mufl  confefs  myfelf  very  unfit  to  return  an  anfwer  to  your 
queries,  having  never  employed  my  thoughts  that  way,  nor  con- 
fidered  the  fubje6t,  but  as  I  accidentally  met  with  it  in  other 
reading ;  however,  I  will  venture  to  give  the  beft  reply  I  can, 
your  requefts  being  always  commands  to  me. 

I.  As  to  the  antiquity  of  working  coals  at  Newcaftle,  the  in- 
teftine  wars  among  the  Britons  and  Saxons,  and  afterwards  of 
the  Saxons  among  themfelves,  which  was  almoft  continual,  be- 
fides  the  invafion  of  the  Danes,  and  the  wars  with  Scotland,  for 
three  or  four  reigns  after  the  Norman  conqueft,  during  which 
time  this  country,  as  may  be  faid,  was  always  under  fire  and 
fword,  together  with  its  never  being  mentioned  in  hiAory,  makes 
me  think  it  was  not  fallowed  till  about  the  time  of  Henry  III. 
The  firft  mention  of  coal-working  there,  is  in  a  Hiftory  of  the 
Town  of  Newcaftle,  publiflied  in  the  year  1736,  where  it  is 
faid,  that  they  had  a  grant  from  Henry  III,  to  dig  coals  in 
Caftle-field  and  the  Frith,  dated  in  the  23d  year  of  his  reign, 
December  i,  I739.  Car  bo  Marinus  is  alfo  mentioned  by 
Matthew  Paris,  A.  D.  1295,  but  the  coal  may  have  been  much 
earlier  in  other  parts  of  this  kingdom ;  a  flint  axe  having 
been  found  in  fome  veins  of  coal  expofed  to  fight  in  a  rock 
called  Craig-y-park  in  Monmouthfliire,  which,  as  they  laid  open 
to  the  day,  might  be  very  well  difcovered  and  worked  by  the 
people  that  ufed  fuch  tooJs,  the  ancient  Britons,  as  I  fuppofe. 

2.  The  counties  in  England  producing  coal  are  Cumberland, 
Wcftmoreland,  Northumberland,  Durham,  Yorkfliire  (moi^ly 
in  the  Weft-Riding),  Lancafliire,  Chelhire,  Derbyfiiire,  Not- 
tinghamfliire,  Leicefterfliire,  Staffordfliire,  Shropfliire,  Wor- 
cefterfliire,  Gloucefterlhire,  Somerfetfhire,  North  Wales,  and 
South  Wales. 

3.  As  the  ftrata  of  coal  lye  generally  bedded  between  two  other 
ftrata  of  ftojiie,  and  rife  and  dip  in  parallel  lines  with  them,  they 

feem 


MR.     G  A  LE    TO     SIR    JOHN     C  L  E  11  K.  sj? 

fecm  to  mc  co^eval  to  the  texture  of  our  globe,  and  to  have 
undergone  the  fame  convuKions  that  it  has  luffered ;  it  being- 
hard  to  conceive  how  foft  earth  included  /between  two  l\ich 
foUd  boches  Ihould  imbibe  a  fulphurous  and  bituminous  matter 
from  or  through  them.  There  is,  indeed,  inch  a  I'ulphurous 
matter  found  in  coal-pits  ;  but  to  me  it  appears  much  more  rea- 
fonable  to  think,  it  was  (liut  up  at  tlie  fune  time  with  other  fub- 
ftances  that  enter  into  the  com[X)fition  of  coal. 

4.  The  ftrata  of  coal  feem  to  lye  within  a  very  narrow  comj)ars 
on  the  globe.  I  have  met  with  an  obfervation  *,  that  if  a  line  be 
drawn  from  the  mouth  of  the  Severn  to  Newcaftle,  and  fo  round 
the  earth,  that  all  coal  will  be  found  within  a  very  fmall  dif- 
tance  of  it  on  one  fide  or  other.  The  coal  found  in  Europe,  at 
leaft  the  fartheit  diftant  eaftward,  is,  I  believe,  about  Liege, 
and  weftward  in  the  mountains  of  Kilkenny  in  Ireland,  both 
within  250  miles  of  it:  but,  I  think,  there  was  no  occafion  to 
ilretch  this  line  round  the  world  ;  for  all  the  coal  we  know  of  is 
contained  within  the  latitudes  of  our  own  ifland,  except  what  I 
remember  to  have  heard  affirmed  fome  years  ago  t  in  the  houfe 
of  commons,  upon  the  debate  about  the  bill  of  commerce  with 
France,  fliould  prove  me  miftaken,  by  which  the  ille  of  Cape 
Breton  was  given  up  to  that  crown,  and  faid  to  abound  with  ex- 
cellent coal  I;  but,  as  I  could  never  fince  meet  with  a  confirma- 
tion of  the  aflertion,   I  much  queftion  the  truth  of  it. 

I  cannot  fay  any  thing  as  to  coal  being  the  common  fuel  in 
China,  not  having  the  Miffionaries'  Letters  by  me,  or  read  that 
book.  . 

There  is  a  tradition  at  London,  that  Blackheath  above  Green- 
wich is  full  of  coal,   but  not  permitted  to  be  wrought,   for  the 

*  SirRobert  Atkyns's  Hidory  of  Gloucefterfliire,  p.  30;  but  f.ilfc. 
t   713- 

i  Sir  Hans  Sloane  fays,  in  his  Voyage   to  Jamaica,  that  there   is  a  kind  of  fine  coal  in  Bar- 
bados  ;   and  in  his  retuiii,  that  they  took  a  French  ihip  bound  to  Canada  for  coals. 

X  X  encourage- 


338  "MR.    GALE    TO     SIR    JOHN    CLERK. 

"encoiiragement  of  navigation  and  the  Newcafile  trade;  which  I 
dare  fay  is  falfe.  This  I  am  fure  of,  that  there  is  no  law  againft 
it  ;  and  though  the  heath  belongs  to  the  crown,  and  no  king 
ever  gave  leave  to  dig  it,  yet  it  is  rtrange  that  none  of  the 
'neiiihbourinp-  land-owners  fhonld  ever  be  iiliured,  bv  the  vaft 
profits  it  would  bring  them,  to  fenrch  for  coal,  and  work  it  there 
when  found  in  their  ou-n  efLates,  'which  they  could  not  be  de- 
l)arrcd  from  but  by  aift  of  parliament ;  which  would  be  fuch  a 
deprivation  of  property  as,  1  believe,  no  hOufe  of  commons  would 
■confent  to.  ^ 

'  1  fuppofe  the  ait  of  Henry  the  Fifth  you  hint  at  is  that  in 
his  ninth  year,  for  two-pence  a  chaldron  of  coals  to  be  paid  by 
fuch  as  are  hot  enfranchifed,  and  for  the  meafvirement  of  keels. 
The  autlior  of  the'  Newcaftle  Hiftory  foys,  fhat,  in' the  firft  ef 
Edward  ni's  Statutes,  mention  is' riiade  (s'^  CdrBonibjis- 'MtiritifniSy 
W'hich,  I  fuppofe,  is  Newcaftle  coal  ;  but  'l  'cannot  find  it  in 
any  of  our  llatute-books,  though  I  ht{\^' the* 'firft  that  ever  was 
printed.     I  am,    &c. 


Sir  John  Cleric  to  Mr.  Gale,  about  his  DifTertation  upon  Coal 

and  Coal- works. 

■     "Sir,  '  Edeuborough, 

'  rcb.  1 6,  1740. 

I  received  the  favour  of  yours  about  coal,  which  was  very  ufe- 
ful  to  me  in  feveral  particulars  ;  and  I  had  thanked  yon  for  it 
before  this  time,  .if  it  had -not  been  the  throng  of  the  court  of 

Exchequer,, 


SIR    JO  H  N\,.C  %  li  R  K    T  O    M-R.    GAL  l^  333 

lixchequcr,  which  always  interrupts  the  plcafure  of  correfpond- 
ing  with  my  friends.^  Several  hints. of  yours  made  me  enquire 
more  accurately  into  things  ;  and  I  found,  that  Sir  Robert  At- 
kyns's  afTertion  of  coal  being  to  be  feen  round  the  world,  by  a 
line  from  the  mouth  of  the  Severn  to  NewcalHe,  is  mentioned 
in  the  fourth  Iter  of .  your  friend  Dr.  Stukeley,  and  th^t  the  Ih  arn 
of  coal  are  found  anjd;  wrcught  iii.the  bilhoprick  of  Liege,  and 
that  they  pafs  v^eltward  by  Great-Britain  and  Ireland. — As  to 
the  coal  in  China,  the  abihacSt  we  have  of  the  Miirionaries'  Let-. 
ters,  vol.  Jl.;  p.i.:  22,  takes  notice,  that  no  country  in  the,v/orld 
abounds  more  with  coal ;  but,  I  fuppole  the)';  mean  o^ily  xlie  north 
of  China,  fo  that  indeed  coal  does  fee m  to  be  the  produdion  of 
a  northern  climate,  from  perhaps  the  46th  to  the  5  6th  degree  of 
latitude  ;.  fo  far  has  Nature  provided  againft  cold.  I  haye  fmce 
heard  of  coal  in  the  north  yf  Amiei;^ca,,,but  ha,ve,nf,ver  feen  any,, 
printed  account  of  it,  r  .-  f       ," 

As  I  happen  to  have  about  40  years  experience  in  coal  affairs, 
the  gentlemen  of  our  Philofophical  Society  w^ere  preflinp-  for  ray 
paper,  which  I  gave  in  lail  meetiiig,  and  had  the  half  of  it  read  ; 
the  other  half  was  refer ved  to  apother  meeting.  It  conlifted  of 
about  twelve  fheets,  for  the  fubjedt. would  not  bear  lefs  room, 
there  being  many, curious  phoenomena  arifing  from  it,  I  have 
treated  it  under  various  heads,  of  which  the  following  are  the 
chief:. 

Concerning  the  nature  of  coal,  and  its  original,   with,  an.  ac- . 
count  of  the.  antiquity  of  its  ufe  in  Britain. 

Concerning  the  ftrata  of  coal,  with  all  its  interruptions  by 
dykes  and  rij.iges';  and  of  the  probable^  natural  caufe  of  tliefe  in- 
tqrruptioii^i  ■•  _:,,  ^  ,.. 

Of  the  beft  methods  of  difcovering  coal. 

Of  coal-levels,  pits,  or  fuiks. 

X  X    2  Of 


34a  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

Ofwikl-fire  and  damps  in  coal-works. 

Of  the  beft  engines  for  drawing-ofF  water,  or  for  communi- 
cating air. 

Of  the  beft  engines  for  drawing-up  coaL 

Thefe  are  not  the  precife  words,  nor  all  the  heads  :  but  I  give 
ydii  the  fnm  of  them  ;  and  fome  time  or  other,  with  a  good  hand, 
1  iliall  fend  you  a  copy  of  them.  My  difcourfe  on  engines  and 
their  feveral  powers  has  this  at  leaft  remarkable  in  it,  that  it  has 
been  carefully  examined  and  approved  of  by  Mr.  MacLaurin,  our 
profeflbr  of  mathematicks.  I  have  treated  of  them  in  the  beft  and 
fliorteft  way  I  could  think  of.  This  is  all  I  need  trouble  you  witli 
about  my  paper. 

This  winter  we  have  had  here;  a  moft  remarkable  froft  from 
the  23d  of  December  ;  which  i^ill  continues,  excepting  that  the 
fu-n  makes  about  mid- day  a  kind  of  thaw  for  about  three  hours. 
The  Dutch  thermometer,  of  all  others  the  moft  exadf,  was  down 
at  eight  degrees  on  the  r6th  of  January,  and  no  degree  of  froft 
\n  Holland  was  ever  known  lower  than  fix.  In  Sweden^  I  find, 
the  mercury  defcends  to  four  ;  but  if  you  have  not  a  thermometer 
of  the  fame  kind,  it  will  be  hard  to  judge  of  the  intenfity  of 
our  froil :  I  believe,  it  will  be  much  the  fame  with  you.  All  the 
rivers  and  mills  were  frozen  up  till  within  thefe  two  weeks,  and 
the  poor  reduced  to  great  ftreights.  We  never  had,  in  the 
mean  time,  above  ten  inches  or  a  foot  of  fiiow,  and  in  fome 
places  there  was  no.  fnow  at  all :  here,  about  Edenborough,  it  has 
been  gone  ten  days  fince.  Our  birds  are  moftly  dead,  particu- 
larly the  inhabitants  of  ■•'■'  Mavis  bank,  no  thrufh  having  been 
ieen  thefe  four  weeks,  except  fome  dozens  of  dead  ones.  The 
woodcocks,  of  which  we  have  plenty,   did,  by  a  natural  inftintSt, 

*  sir  J.  Clerk's  feat,  four  miles  fouth  of.  Edenborough. 

leave 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR    GALE,  3  }i 

leave  this  country  the  firil  week  of  the  froft,   and  are  retired,   I 
fuppofe,   to  the  fouth-weft  coafts  of -Britain. 

As  to  the  edipfe,   it  was,   to  my  great  dilappointment,   alto-. 
gether  obfcured  by  clouds,  or  a  thick,  fog,   lb  that  nobody  here 
can  pretend  to  have  made  the  leaft  obfervation  about  it.      Believe 
rae  to  be  always,   8<:c. 

J.  Clerk. 


CXI. 

Mr.  Gale  to  Mr.  Johnson,  onafcarce  Coin  of  Conftantine  the- 

Great. 

Scruton, 
Feb.  29,   1739-40. 

,  I  have  met  with  nothing  curious  fince  I  laft  wrote  to  you,  ex- 
cept a  coin  in  the  middle  brafs  of  Conftantine  the  Great,  the  de- 
fcription  of  which,   and  the  legend  on  each  fide,  are  as  follows  : 

coNSTANTiNVS  P.  F.  AVG.  Caput  Conftantini  M.  laureatum  ad 
pectus  cum  lorica. 

ADVENTVS  AVG.  N. — Conftautinus  eques  laureatus  et  palu- 
datus  a  finiftris  dextrorfum  procedens,  locva  manu  elata  et  ex- 
panla,  fpiculum  dextra  geftat.  Hoftis  ante  equum  revincftus 
manibus  proflernitur,  a  finiftra  in  area  aummi  ftella,  in  ima 
parte  pln. 

This  coin,  fays  Banduri,  bears  *'  Epigraphen  novam,  nummus 
rariffimus,  et  defideratur  in  Collecftione  Mediobarbi;"  he  might 
have  added  "  in  Colle6tione  etiam  Cangii  Fam.  Byzant."  and  every 
where  elfe,  except  in  the  cabinet  of  Monf.  Foucault.. 

The 


342  MR.    GALE     TO     MR.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N. 

The  rarity  of  it  arifes  from  the  letter  n  after  avg.  on  the  reverfc,^ 
which  is  to  be  read  Avigufti  Noftri  ;  for  both  Mezzabarba  and. 
Du  Cange  ha^^e  a  medal  like  this,  though  with  a  difrerent  head, 
and  without  the  n  abovementioned.  The  former  fays,  it  was 
coined  upon  Conftantine's  return  from  illyricum  to  Rome,  A.  D. 
319.  I  think  not,  but  rather  upon  his  return  from  York  to 
London  foon  after  his  father's  death  ;  my  reafons  for  it  are,  firft, 
the  letters  pln  on  the  exergue  or  bottom  of  the  reverfe,  for 
Pecunia  Londinenjis,  or  FerciiJJa  Londini^  which  city  was  too 
remote  to  be  much  concerned  at  his  return  from  Illyricum  to 
Rome.  And  here  let  me  oblerve  to  you,  that  the  French 
medallifts,  whenever  they  meet  with  thefe  letters  pln,  will  read 
them  Percuffa  Lugduni^  \ery  \yrongfully  ;  but,  as  I  fuppoie,  for 
the  honour  of  their  country.  The  letters  avg.  n.  ftrongly  con- 
firm my  conjecture. — Conlfantine  was  declared  Auguftus  by^  his 
father  Conftantius  Chlorus  on  his  death-bed  at  York,  and  im- 
mediately acknowledged  and  proclaimed  fo  by  the  Roman  army 
there  ;  but  he  was  not  admitted  to  that  fupreme  dignity  by  Ga- 
lerius  and  his  colleagues  till  fome  time  after ;  and  that  with 
great  relu«5lance,  having  only  allowed  him  the  inferior  title  of 
C-aefar  till  they  durft  not  any  longer  refufe  him  the  other. 

Britain,  no  doubt,  moft  joyfully  received  him  as  her  em- 
peror and  Auguftus  immediately  ;  and  therefore,  upon  his  re- 
turn to  London,  that  city  not  only  gave  him  the  title  of  Au- 
guftus, but  ftyled  him  Auguftus  Nofter,  claiming  a  property  in 
him,  as  having  been  promoted  to  the  higheft  command  within 
this  ifland,  and  aflerting  he  fliould  be  their  Auguftus,  though 
the  reft  of  the  Roman  empire  fliould  not  fubmit  to  his  authority. 

I  have  fent  you  this  brief  account  of  this  curious  medal,  which 
is  very  well  preferved,  and  efteemed  fo  by  Banduri,  who  has 
VvTOtc  the  fiilleft  and  beft  of  any  author  upon  the  medals  of  the 
Lower  Empire ;   yet  feeras  only  to  have  let  a  value  upon  it   for 

its 


MR.     GALE     TO     SIR     JOHN     CLERK.  343 

its  Icarcenefs,  having  taken  no  notice  of  the  letter  on  the  reverie, 
which  infinitely  railes  its  value.      lam,   &c. 

R.   Gal£. 


cxir. 

Sir  John  Clerk   to  Mr.  Gale,   about  a  Coin  of  Otho,  and  an 
Infcription  found  near  the  Roman  Wall  in  Scotland. 

Edcnborougli, 
July  J 6,   1740. 

Your  difcovery  of  a  Roman  town  near  Northallerton  *  will,  1 
hope,  be  fome  time  or  other  as  agreeable  to  me  as  it  was  to  Dr. 
Stukeley  ;  lor  old  age,  I  hope,  does  not  tread  fo  faffc  upon  our 
heels  as  to  make  us  defpair  of  meeting  together  again. 

What  I  have  to  acquaint  you  with  in  matter  of  antiquity  isy 
firfl,  thatan'  tho,  amongft  other  coins,  was  found  here  t,  and 
fent  to  me.  I  compared  it  with  a  Paduan  copy  I  have,  and  found 
it  plainly  to  be  an  original.  The  letters  are  roundifli  and  de- 
cayed, and  iland  at  greater  diilances  than  on  the  Paduan.  On 
one  fide  is  the  head  of  Otho,  with  thefe  words,  imp.  otho. 
CAESAR.  AVG.  Tiu.  POT.  On  the  Other  fide  is  the  emperor  taking 
a  foldier  by  the  hand  over  an  altar,  and  two  other  foldiers  ftand- 
by,  with  thefe  words,   secvritas.  p.  r.  and  under  the  altar  s.  c. 

*  See  page  200.  f  Edenborough.. 

3.  I  krfow 


3H  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.     GALE. 

I  kaow  this  medal  is  reckoned  rare  ;  but,  at  the  fame  time,  I 
know  that  the  coin  of  Otho  in  great  -  bronze,  with  a  corona 
civica  on  the  reverfe,  is  the  moif  valuable  ;  yet  it  is  very  cer- 
tain that  none  of  his  coins  were  done  in  his  days. 

The  next  curiofity  I  muft  acquaint  you  of,  is  a  ftone  five  feet 
long,  found  near  our  Roman  wall,  with  an  Infcription  t.  See 
plate  VL  fig.  14. 

I  have  not  fent  you  a  very  nice  drawing  for  want  of  time ; 
and  the  perfon  who  took  it,  I  believe,  has  not  copied  right  about 
the  end,   and  the  number  of  paces  is  defaced. 

,J.  Clerk. 


CXIIL 

Mr,  Johnson  to  Mr.  Gale,  concerning  a  copper  Coin  of  Otho, 
and  Mr.  Bell's  Coins  and  Tabulae  Auguftae. 

Spalding, 
April  3>   '741- 

Mr.  Collins,  when  he  was  here  laft,  favoured  me  with  his 
company,  and  gave  me  the  pleafure  of  being  afTured  you  were 
well  when  he  laft  heard  of  you.  That  gentleman  fliewed  me 
a  copper  Otho,   formed,  as  I  verily  believed,  out  of  a  middle  brafs 

*  The  middle  hronze  is  of  moft  value.     R.  G. 

f  The  engraving  in  iiorflcy's  Brit.  Rom,  differs   ranch  from  this.     See    an  account  thereof, 
p.  196, 

of 


MR.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N  -  T  O    MR.    GALE.  34^ 

of  NERO,  with  SECVRITAS  Oil  thS  rcv^crfe,  valued  at  forty  pounds*-; 
arid  one  Mr.  Houghton,  of  St.  Edmund's,- in  thefe  parts  of  ItPoI- 
land,  finee  then  lliewed  me  a  Padu:^n  in  great  brals,  Rev.  an 
Adlocut'iQ  Militum,  a  good  deal  worn,  'b\it  pretended  to  be  found 
in  an  old  ruinous  grange  called  Monkfdoles,  amongll:  fome  large 
fquared  ftones,  and  valued  by  him  iit  as  much  money."  You  fee, 
Sirj  how  curiofity  in  themedallick  wayis  ftrangely  alive  amongft 
people  who  fee  and  know  as  little  of  this  fort  of  money  us  any  in 
England. 

The  former  of  thefe  belongs  to  poor  Charles  Little  of  Bofton, 
an  illiterate  coffee-houfe-keeper,  who  has  begged  and  bought  up 
as  ftrange  a  farrago  of  a  colledtion  as  ever  was  beheld.  The  latter, 
I  am  perfuaded,  was  pawned  by  fome  traveller,  and  is  gone  to 
fee  if  Mr.  Beaupre  Bell,  or  Mr.  Snell  rector  of  Doddington  in 
the  Ifle  of  Ely,  will  give  any  good  price  for  it. 

I  believe  coufm  Bell  knows  better ;  he  has  lately  purchafed  a 
colledtion  of  about  500  Greek  and  Roman  coins,  brought  from 
abroad  by  the  late  Mr.  Hanfon,  lecTturer  of  Wifbech,  a  great 
traveller,  and  poffefled  alfo  of  many  natural  curioiities,  which  he 
picked  up  in  the  Eaft  Indies,  and  moft  parts  of  Europe  and  Alia, 
belides  a  large  colledlion  of  portraits  on  copper- plates. 

Mr.  BelH  has  been  fo  ill  as  to  be  prevented  going  to  Cambridge, 
where  he  was  before  Chriftmas,  and  propofed  to  have  returned 
ere  this,  to  have  finillied  the  printing  of  his  1'abulce  Augujlt^\ 
and,  I  find,  there  is  fome  doubt  whether  he  will  live  to  fee  it  out, 
he  is  fo  very  much  declined  in  his  health,  and  complains  of  the 
miftakes  and  negligence  of  Kirkhall  the  engraver,  who,  being 
at  London,  and  not  purfuing  his  draughts  and  directions,  puts 
him  to  great  difficulties  to  rectify  his   errors  at  fo  great  a  dif- 

*  This  medal  of  Otho  was  alfo  fent  to  me  ;  the  head  upon  it  was  alfo  a  Nero's,  though  the 
legend  about  was  of  Otho;  the  reverfe  of  it  had  been  purpofely  battered,  and  fo  defaced,  that 
nothing  could  be  made  of  the  figures  or  letters  upon  it.  All  connoifleurs  that  faw  it  were  of  the 
fame  mind. 

t  Mr.  Bell  died  upon  the  road  to  Bath  in  the  Auguft  following, 

Y  y  tance, 


346  MR.    JOHNSaN    TO    MR.    GALE. 

tance,  in  fo  nice  works  as  the  outlines  of  portraits  from  coins, 
and  the  legends  round  them,  a  work  only  fit  for  an  ^neas  Vico, 
or  fuch  an  engraver.  I  could  have  wilhed,  as  Mr.  Bell  draws  ac- 
curately himfelf,  that  he  would  rather  have  etched  them  with  his 
own  hand,  than  trufted  the  doing  them  to  any  one  not  a  fcholar 
and  well  acquainted  with  the  features  of  the  princes  to  be  repre- 
fented.  What  wretched  ideas  do  far  the  greater  part  of  the  at- 
tempts of  this  kind  give  us  of  the  greateft  men  !  I  think  none 
meaner,  or  lefs  like,  than  thofe  done  any  where  in  Tom  Hearne's 
Prefaces,  &c.  and  in  Batteley's  Antiquitates  Rutupinae,  by  Burghers 
of  Oxford,  who  ufed  to  engrave  their  almanacks,  although  that 
inan,  I  am  told,  had  the  infpedion  and  good  directions  of  Dr. 
Aldrich^  a  very  great  connoiffeur. 

M.  Johnson,  junioro. 


SXIV.. 

Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  Gale,  of  the  Diflribution  of  Sir  Godfrey 
Copley's  Medals  by  the  Royal  Society,  and  the  Egyptian  So- 
ciety at  London,   with  an  account  of  the  Siflrum. 

Februaiyg,  1741-2^ 

Laft  Thurfday  v^^e  diftributed  five  golden  medals,  coined  from 
Sir  Godfrey  Copley's  legacy  of  five  pounds  per  annum  to  be 
given  to  the  perfon  that  lliall  perform  the  beft  experiment  for  the 
year  before  the.  Royal  Society.  It  had  not  been  difpofed  of  for 
the  five  laft  years,  but  was  now  given  to  Dr.  Stephen  Hales,  Dr. 
Alexander  Stuart,  Dr.  Theophilus  Defaguliers,  and  to  a  gen- 
tleman who-  gave   us  an  account  of  chickens  and   hogs  bones 

bedng 


DR.    STUKELEY    TO    MR.    GALE,  347 

being  tinctured  with  a  deep  fcarlet  by  eating  of  madder;  and  to 
another,  who  invented  a  method  of  driving  piles,  as  now  prac- 
tiled  at  Weflminfter- bridge. 

We  have  eredted  an  Egyptian  Society  at  '^  Lebeck's-head  in 
Chandos-flreet.  My  Lord  Sandwich  is  prefident,  feveral  gentle- 
men who  have  been  in  .Egypt  are  members,  othei's  PhiIo-^gyp~ 
tians  :  the  duke  of  Montagu,  Richmond,  and  Mr.  Martin  Folk.es, 
are  of  the  number.  The  prefident  has  a  7;/?rz/w,  to  call  filence, 
laid  before  him.  Difcourfing  of  the  fiftrum,  no  fatisfadlory  ac- 
count could  be  given  of  it  ;  the  duke  of  Montagu  alked  my 
©pinion.  I  rofe,  and  gave"  a  long  detail  of  my  fentiments  concern- 
ing this  famous  inil:rument,  and  declared  the  ufe  of  it  from  the 
beginning  of  the  world. 

At  the  firft  inrtitution  of  facrifices,  mankind  waited  for  a  de- 
icent  of  fire  from  heaven  to  confume  the  facrifices,  as  a  fign  of 
God's  acceptance.  For  this  fignal  they  flayed  a  long  time,  and 
were  obliged  to  watch,  and  drive  off  the  birds  of  prey,  that  came 
to  deftroy  the  flefli  of  the  offerings,  as  Abraham  did,  Genefis  xv. 
2.  This  they  did  with  a  crotalus,  rattle,  or  fiftrum,  which  the 
-Egyptians,  for  this  reafon,  made  an  amuletick,  averrunca- 
tive  or  prophylaitic  fymbol.  The  rattling  of  it  at  the  myfteries 
was  equivalent  to  the  calling  out  exacy  smc  £«■£,  ^z^y\koi — The 
company  was  highly  pleafed  with  this  account,  and  I  have  iince 
wrote  it  out  at  large.     I  am,  yours,   &c. 

*  See  above,  p,  loz. 


Y  y  a  CXV. 


348  SIR'  JOHN    C  L  E  R  KL    TO    MR.    GALE, 


CXV. 

Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  relating  to  the  GoddefTes  Brigantia: 
and  Britannia,  a  Roman  Arch  difcovered  at  Edenborough,  with 
an  Urn  and  Coin  of  Fauftina,  and  Spots  in  the  Body  of  the  Sun. 

S.  „  Pennycuick, 

^  ^9  March  5,  1741- 1. 

I  received  the  favour  of  yours  two  weeks  ago,  but  being  to  go 
into  the  weft  country,  I  could  not  thank  you  till  now  for  it.  I 
am  extremely  obliged  to  you  for  the  faintfliip  of  my  Brigantia ; 
your  conjecture  about  the  letter  S  can  meet  with  no  objedlion, 
llnce  it  happened  to  be  fo  well  explained  on  the  pedeflal  lately 
found  at  York.  I  own  to  you,  I  always  thought  it  ftrange,  that 
the  Romans  fhould  make  a  ftatue  facred  to  the  deity  it  reprefents ; 
but  this  inconfiftency  I  was  willing  to  attribute  to  the  barbarity  of 
the  times.  A  church,  altar,  or  temple,  may  be  confecrated  to  a 
deity,  or  a  faint,  but  not  a  ftatue.  We  may  now  fee  how  the 
Roman  Catholicks  came  by  the  word  SanSla^  fince  their  religious 
people  had  a  better  title  to  it  than  any  Pagan  goddefs. 

Juit  about  the  fame  time  that  your  ftru6ture  at  York  was  pulled 
down,  we  had  one  at  Edenborougli  which  met  with  the  fame 
fate  ;  it  was  an  old  arch  that  nobody  ever  imagined  to  be  Roman, 
and  yet  it  feems  it  was,  by  an  urjji  difcovered  in  it,  with  a  good 
many  filver  coins,  all  of  them  common,  except  one  of  Fauftina 
Minor,  which  I  had  not.  It  reprefents  her  buft  on  one  fide,  and 
on  the  reverfe,  a  leSIiJlernium^  with  this  infcription,    saecvli 

FELICITAS. 

I  have  feen,  and  I  believe  I  have,  one  of  brafs,  with  two  children 

ftanding  at  this  lady's  feet ;  and  I  have  feen  likewife  one  with 

5  four 


SIR    JOHN    C  L  E  U  K    TO    MR.     GALE.  349 

four  children,  and  another  with  fix  ;  for  as  flie  was  a  very  fruit- 
ful lady,  the  fenate  ordered  them  to  be  ftruck  for  her,  without 
troubling  themfelves  whether  the  honeft  philofopher  was  father 
of  the  children  or  not.  All  thefe  three  coins  in  brafs  bear  the 
S.  G.  but  not  the  filver,   as  indeed  none  in  that  metal  do. 

We  have  very  fad  weather  here,    for  at  this  moment  it  fnows  ; 
and  yeilerday,  being  Sunday  the    4th  iniiant,  there  fell  near  a 
foot  thick  of  fnow,  but  it  was   gone  before    night.     The  cold 
weather  we  have  had  for  almoft  a  year  tempts  me  to  a  thought  a 
little  uncommon,  which  neverthelefs  may  be  true,  namely,  that 
there  is  lefs  heat  in  the  fun's  body  at  one  time  than  another.     I 
have  difcovered  by  a  telefcope  vaft  fpaces  in  the  fun's  body,  larger 
than  our  world,  of  different  fhapes,  fome  triangular,  fome  quad- 
rangular, which,  being  very  dark,  demonilrated,   as  I  apprehend, 
that  they  were  void  of  flame,  and  confequently  contained  lefs  heat 
than  other  parts  of  this  great  luminary.     I  obferved  diftind;ly, 
that  the  figures  of  thefe  fpots  varied,   and  that  the  variation  was 
not  owing  to  the  fun's  motion  round  its   own  axis,  for  that,   on 
a  due  revolution,  the  fame  fpots  appeared,   and  made  no  variation 
till  after  feveral  of  thefe  rotations.      The  firfl  that  I  obferved   was 
on  the  annular  eclipfe,   as  it  came  on,   and  went  off.      I  wrote  it 
to  you  •*,   and  found  it  inferted  in  the  Philofophical  Tranfadtions 
for  that  quarter  of  the  year;   but  as  this  is  only  guefs-work,  I  wifli 
it  could  be  tried  by  a  concave  fpeculum,  and  other  inflruments, 
if  there  were  any  decree  of  heat  that  depended  on  the  maculae  of 
the  fun's  body  :   all  philofophers  have  obferved  them ;   but,  as  far 
as  I  know,  never  thought  of  making  right  experiments  of  what 
influence  they  had  on  the  heat  of  the  fun.     lam,   Sec. 

J.  Clerk, 

*  Seep.  334. 

CXVT. 


353  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

CXVI. 

Sir  John  Clerk:  to  Mr.  Gale,  on  a  Comet. 

Pcnnycuick, 
ALiich  11,   J 741 -5. 

By  this  time  you  have  feen  the  Comet ;  I  have  feen  it  every  day 
following  that  on  which  I  wrote  to  you  laft  [Feb.  23].  You  may  be 
lure  I  had  mentioned  it  to  you,  if  I  had  obferved  it  fooner.  It 
gave  me  great  joy,  as  having  been  in  defpair  ever  to  fee  one ; 
however,  the  light  of  the  moon,  and  the  dulkinefs  of  the  fky, 
hindered  me  frequently  from  feeing  it ;  only,  as  I  had  made  my- 
felf  acquainted  with  its  path  fince  it  moved  out  of  the  wings  of 
Cygnus,   I  feldom  was  at  a  loft  to  find  it  with  the  naked  eye. 

Lal1:  night  about  ten,  T  had  a  very  diftincft  view  of  it,  and 
fliewed  it  to  all  thi«  familv  :  I  will  defcribe  the  fif^ure  it  made  with 
Urfa-major  and  Urfa-minor  with  the  degrees,  fo  that  you  cannot 
mils  to  fee  it  in  its  path  towards  the  (lioulders  of  Auriga,  with 
iMc  naked  eye,   to    which  the   figure  it  makes  is  generally  this, 


■.xnd  fometimes  iliews  its  tail,  like  a  ray  of  light  upwards.      I  faw 
irs  rail  laft  night  about  thx-ee  or  four  degrees  in  length,  jufl  at  ten. 


U,ffi\-mi.nor,      o    -14  ^ 


A 


^  E 

U.ra-major.  -y- 

A  the 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  35 : 

A  the  polar  flar,  1 6  degrees  from  the  flars  B  G  on  the  neck 
of  Urfa-minor,  and  thefe  ftars  B  C  are  about  four  degrees  from 
one  another. 

D  the  comet,  about  feven  degrees  from  the  polar  ftar,  and 
forms  a  point  of  an  ifofceles  triangle  from  the  faid  flar  A,  with  a 
fmall  ftar  E  of  the  fifth  magnitude,  about  four  degrees  well,  and 
under  the  flar  A. 

By  thefe  rules,  and  comparing  diflances  with  the  naked  eye, 
you  cannot  but  find  out  the  comet,  which  by  the  time  this  comes 
to  your  hand  may  be  12  degrees,  or  perhaps  15,  from  the  polar 
ftar  weftward,  directly  towards  Auriga,  on  whole  flioulders  are 
two  ftars  ;  that  on  the  left  is  of  the  firft  magnitude,  and  called 
Capella,  that  on  the  right  flioulder  is  of  the  third  or  fourth. 

Its  motion  was  at  firfl  about  five  degrees  in  24  hours  ;  but  as 
it  becomes  higher,  its  apparent  motion  is  much  lefs,  I  doubt  not 
above  two  degrees.  Its  tail,  even  according  to  Sir  Ifaac  Newton's 
notions,  diffufes  vapours  through  the  planetary  world,  and  con- 
fequently  mull:  affect  mankind  in  fome  degree  or  other.  I  defy 
any  hiftorian  to  fhew  us  fo  many  alterations  as  have  been  in  the 
affairs  of  Europe  fince  its  firft  coming  into  our  latitude.  I  know 
not  what  difeafes  of  the  body  it  may  bring  along  with  it,  but  it  is 
pretty  odd,  that  about  two  weeks  ago  all  our  forces  fell  ill  of  the 
eold  in  the  fpace  of  24  hours  both  at  Edenborough  and  in  the 
country. 

Pleafe  to  fend  me  word  if  you  have  feen  this  phaenomenon.  I 
queftion  not  but  all  the  aftronomers  in  Europe  are  bufy  about  it. 
At  what  diftance  it  pafTed  the  Sun,  will  be  a  curious  enquiry.  I 
believe  it  will  be  found  to  have  pafied  it,  at  leaft,  at  as  great  a 
diftance  as  Mercury  or  Venus  ;  how  then  comes  it  by  fo  long  a  tail 
of  vapours,  unlefs  it  be  compofed  of  other  metal  than  thefe  two 
planets,,  who  emit  no  tails  ? 

Dr... 


352  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

Dr.  Knight  fent  me  from  London  the  earl  of  Oxford's*  cata- 
logue  of  rarities,  and  a  very  valuable  colledion  it  is.  I  am,  dear 
Sir,  yours,   &:c. 

John  Clerk. 


CXVII. 

Another  Letter  from  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  on  the  Comet, 
the  Statues  of  Nehalennia,  fome  Infcriptions,   &c. 

April  8,   1742. 

I  received  yours  of  the  firft  inflant,  and  am  glad  you  faw  the 
comet ;  it  was  juft  as  you  have  reprefented  it,  and,  I  fuppofe,  is 
now  gone.  I  conveyed  it  with  my  obfervations  16  degrees  weft 
of  the  polar  ftar,  I  mean  as  the  il:ar  ftood  about  10  or  1 1  at  night. 
I  judge,  by  the  calculations  Drs.  Halley  and  Gregory  taught  me, 
that  it  paffed  the  perihelion  about  the  1 2th  or  15th  of  February, 
■  at  a  vaft  diftance  from  the  Sun's  body,  for  its  tail  was  not  very  lu- 
minous, and  fcarcely  above  fix  degrees  in  length,  when  it  was 
firft  feen  here,  near  the  Lucida  Lyra.  The  path  of  it  has  been 
exactly  oblerved  by  Mr.  Mac  Laurin,  our  mathematician  at  Eden- 
borough  ;  but  I  have  endeavoured  to  perfuade  him,  that  though 
in  a  ftated  time  it  might  return,  yet  it  was  in  vain  for  our  aftro- 
loo-ers  ever  to  expedt  its  return  by  the  fame  path  among  the  fixed 
ftars ;  for  as  the  Moon  makes  1 9  years  to  go  through  all  her  mo- 
tions, and  to  return  by  the  fame  place,  fo  a  comet  with  its  pro- 
digious excentricity  may  have  ftated  and  certain  returns,  but  fome 

*  At  this  ftle  Mr.  Martin  Folkes  gave  13  guineas  for  a  fliilling  of  Henry  VIL  and  fix  guineas 
for  a  groat.  Lord  Pembroke  60  guineas  for  a  golden  Alleftus.  A  penny  of  Henry  I.  was  fold 
for  il.  19s.  Abrafs  Venus  Genitrix,  eight  inches  long,  couchanton  a  black  fionepedeftal,84l.  R.  G. 

of 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  353 

of  them  not  in  19000  years,  though  their  returns  vithin  our  ob- 
fervations  may  be  periods  of  60,  72,  80,  or  500  years,  as  Mr. 
Whiiton  fays  about  that  of  1680  and  1681. 

Thefe  rtatues  and  infcriptions  were  fent  to  me  by  Mr.  Yare,   mi- 
nifter  in  tiie  diffenting  church  at  Camphirc;  moll  of  the  ftatues  and 
altars  were  of  flone,  but  Ibme  of  them  of  ifiicco,  of  which  he  fent 
me  a  piece.   I  fuppofe  the  Creta,  which  was  fold  by  the  negotiator 
Cr^/^/v'z^j' under- mentioned,  w*as  ufed  for  this  purpofe ;  it  is  extreme- 
ly white,   but  hard  like  ftone.      I  am  to  WTite  to  him  to  fend  me 
fome  of  them,   which  lay  at  prefent  in  an  old  church  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood.   The  drawings  he  fent  me  are  not  very  corredl  ^-j  a 
I  have  not  made  any  alteration  t.   You  may  obferve  the  good  honed 
goddefs   Nehalennia  is   dreft  in  a  fliort  cloak,  like  fome  of  our 
women  going  to  travel  in  a  ftage-coach.     My  correfpondent  tells 
me,  that  fhe  is  the  fame  way  drefTed  on  all  her  ftones,  and  that 
file  never  wants  a  little  dog,  or  a  bafket  of  fruit :  they  were  dif- 
covered  about  90  years  ago,  and  fo  long  my  correfpondent  fays 
they  have  lain  in  the  old  church,  without  any  curious  eye  to  take 
care  of  them,  fo  that  the  difcovery,  as  he  fays,  is  as  new  as  ever. 
Nehalennia  feems  to  be  derived  from  the  Greek  Nea  SsTijjvjj,  the 
New  Moon,  or  the  goddefs  Luna  %* 

*  The  figures  here  alluded  to  being  engraved  and  defcribed  in  Keyfler's  "  Antiquitates  Septen- 
trionales,"  p.  239,  245,  we  have  not  copied  Sir  John's  drawings.  The  Infcriptions  have  alio  ap- 
peared in  the  fame  work,  No.  i,  p.  248,  No.  2,  p.  243,  No.  4,  p.  246.  Alfo  in  Reinefius,  p.  iqo, 
192,  and  the  four  laft  are  beautifully  engraved  at  the  end  of  Vreedius'  "  Hiftoria  Comitum  Flan- 
drix,  Bruges  1650,"  fol.  p.  2,  No.  12,  i,  21,  20,  where  No.  2  has  a  figure  of  the  goddefs. 

-j-  One  of  them  has  under  it  massom  salvs.  q^  b.  deae  n.  and  at  the  feet  of  the  goddefs  a  dog 
and  a  rudder :  the  other  deae 

NEHALENNIAE 

M.    TARINVS 

E.    PRIMVS    EX   VOTO 

SVSCEPTO. 

On  each  fide  of  the  goddefs  a  balket  of  flowers. 

%  Keyfler  rejects  all  derivations  from  any  language  but  the  Celtic,  by  which  he  explains  ^- 
haletmia  thtnymfb  of  the  iK'aters,  ib.  263.  The  number  of  infcriptions  to  her  found  together  at  Dom- 
burg  in  Zealand,  1647,  feems  to  confirm  Spon's  opinion  (Mifc.  Erud.  Ant.  p.  1 11)  that  flie  was  a 
local  deity. 

Z  z  The 


354  MR.    GALETOSIRJOHNCLERK. 

The  following  alfo  I  received  from  him : 

^  .  a       -   .  3  On  thepedeftalof 

a  fiatue  of  Jupiter. 

DEAE  NEHALENIAE       NEHALENNIAE  lOM 

lANVARIVS  L.  IVSTVS   SALTO  ET  TEXTOVISIVS 

AMBACTHIVS   PRO         L.  SECVNI>INVS  MODE  FACTI  V.S.L.Mo 

SE   ET   SVIS  RATVS  FRATRES  V.S.L.M. 

4  5 

DEAE  NEHALENNIAE  DIIS  DEAB-VSQ, 

pB  MERGES  RECTE  CONER,  PRAESIDIBVS- 

VATAS.  M.    SECVND.  SILVA.  PROVINCIARVM 

NVS   NEGOTOR  CRETARIVS-  CONCORDIAE  TE 

BRITANICIANVS  V.S.L.M.  FORTVNAE 

CONSILIORVM. 

Negotor  in  the  above  infcription  is  negotiator ;,  Cretarius  is  a 
trade  then  drove  in  chalk  or  clay,  or  what  we  call  fuller's  earth. 

Britanicianus  is  not  a  common  word.  The  laft  infcription  is 
alfo  remarkable.     I  am,  Sec.  J.  Clerk. 

cxviir. 

Mr.  Gale  to  Sir  John. Clerk.  • 

Sfruton, 
April  17,  1742. 

I  have  often  looked  again,  for  the  comet  fmce  I  had  the  fight 
of  it,  and  fuppofe  it  has  now  finiflied  its  tranfit  through  our  la-ti- 
tudCy.  or  at  leaft  is  fo  remote  from  us  as  not  to  be  difcerned  by  the 
naked  eye.  Though  you  and  I  fliall  fcarcely  live  to  fee  the  return" 
of  this,  we  may  chance  to  be  entertained  with  the  view:,  of  others,, 
their  acceffion  to  our  orb  feeming  to  be  pretty  regular,  though 
our  aftronomers  cannot  ye6  calculate  the. appearance  of  them;  yet' 
fome  have  traced  them  backwards,  and  confequently  have  ven-? 
tured' to  foretell  when  we  may  expert  them  again,  as  you  may 
fee  in.Whiflon's*  Theory  of  the  Earth  ;,  and  others  may  defcend, 
that  have  never  lliewn  themfelves  before. 


*  Ed.  1737,  p.  137. 


AmoDfT 


MR.    GALE    TO    SIR    JOHN    CLERK,  iS5 

Among  all  the  difafters  brought  upon  us  by  the  influence  of 
the  laft,  none  afFcdls  me  more  than  the  bad  health  of  Lady  Clerk, 
which  deprives  me  of  the  pleafure  of  your  long-expe6ted  com- 
pany this  month.  But  we  mull;  fubmit  to  the  ftars ;  and,  I  hope, 
more  propitious  phcenomena  will  then  prellde  over  us,  notwith- 
llanding  the  tlire  conjundlion  of  Saturn  and  Jupiter  in  Leo  next 
Auguft. 

I  am  very  much  obliged  to  you  for  the  Zeland  infcription  ; 
but  your  correfpondent  was  a  little  miftaken,  \yhen  he  in- 
formed you  that  they  have  lain  90  years  in  an  old  church,  with- 
out any  curious  eye  to  take  notice  of  them,  fo  that  the  difcovery 
is  as  new  as  ever :  perhajDS  no  infcriptions  that  time  has  left  us 
have  been  more  reprinted  and  commented  upon.  Nine  of  them 
were  difcovered  in  the  year  1647,  and  were  foon  after  publilhed 
by  Oliverius  Vredius,  in  his  Antiquitates  F/andrice  \  and  Boxhor- 
nius  in  Dutch  ;  next  by  Reinelius,  in  his  Syjitagma-,  and  then 
by  Spon,  in  his  Mijcellan.  erud.  Antiquitatis^  who  made  them 
up  ten.  After  that,  you  have  an  account  of  them  in  Alingius's 
Notitia  BataviiC  Antiqut^.^  but  none  of  the  infcriptions  inferted, 
becaufe  it  may  be  fuppofed  they  had  fo  often  been  already  pub- 
lilhed. That  of  Negottor  Cretarius,  or  rather  negottor  ^jre- 
TARivs  (for  fo  it  is  upon  the  ftone)  was  taken  notice  of  in  my  fa- 
ther's Comment  upon  Antoninus^'s  Itinerary,  a.  D.  1709,  p.  43. 
Then  comes  Mr.  Keyfler,  who  has  been  very  copious,  and  given 
feveral  draughts  of  them,  but,  not  having  the  book  by  me,  I  can- 
not be  particular.  Laft  of  all  comes  a  Benedidline  of  the  congre- 
gation of  St.  Maur,  and  in  his  Religion  de  Gaulois  tiree  de  plus 
rares  fources  deVAntiquite^  printed  at  Paris,  1727,  p.  78,  he  gives 
you  a  defcription  of  no  lefs  than  1 7  of  thefe  monuments,  with- 
out any  infcriptions,  except  upon  three,  whofe  figures  he  has  en- 
graved ;  one  of  which  is  that  of  the  goddels  in  her  fliort  cloak,  a 
dog  at  her  right  foot,  at  her  left  den  upon  the  prow  of  a  IViip,  and 

X  z  7,  underneath 


-«i 


356  MR.    GALE    TO    SIR    JOHN     CLERK. 

imderneath  her  the  letters  massom  saevs  q^  b.  That  which  I 
received  from  you  has  salvs.  He  tells  you  he  will  not  fubjecSt 
himfelf  to  explain  any  of  his  infcriptions,  fmce  they  give  no  light 
to  the  matter.  All  thefe  authors  concur  in  making  Nehallennia 
the  New  Moon,  and  have  attempted  feveral  derivations  of  the 
name,  particularly  the  Benedictine,  who  has  twilled  and  turned  it 
feveral  ways,  to  make  it  fpeak  his  mind  ;  but  the  fimpleft  and, 
moft  probable,  in  my  opinion,  is  that  of  Altingius,  as  being 
formed  from  the  old  German  language*  nie  hel,  novum  lu?nen, 
Mia  2£A3^v>2,   very  near  the  fame,  both  in  found  and  lignification. 

I  muft  confefs,  the  ftatue  ere6led  to  Nehalennia  by  m.  tarinvs  • 
PRiMvs  is  not  taken  notice  of  by  any  of  thefe  authors,  no  more 
than  that  of  ianvarivs  ambacthivs,  fo  thefe  are  likely  to  be 
new,  as  well  as  that  i.  o.  l.  textov'. — That  of  diis  deabvs  q. 
PRAESID.  Sec.  is  in  Spon,  with  a  line  betwixt  the  4th  and  5th  of 
yoursy  but  fo  much  defaced,  that  only  the  letters  ::";;.■:;;.> a  •::■":;• 
can  be  read  in  it;  yet  the  fenfe  in  yours  feems  compleat.  The 
Hercules  found  with  them  is  Hercules  Magufanus,  and  com- 
mented upon  by  Keyfler  and  the  Benedidtine. 

The  latter  of  thefe  has  fliewn,  in  a  fecond  work  of  his,   pub- 
liflied  A.  Di    1739  ■•■5  ^^^'^^  the  lliort  cloak  of  Nehalennia  was  the 
nfual  wear  of  the  Gaulifli  women,  and  not  the  Gaulilh  Sagumy 
in  oppofition  to  one  Deflandes,  who  fays  it  was  ;  in  which  he  iS' 
certainly  right,  the  Sagum  being  a  long  garment.      Yet  he  will 
not  allow  Deflandes's  image  that  wears  it  to  be  of  a  man  or  girl ;: 
fo  bhnd  is  the  fpirit  of  contradidlion. 

This  whole  book,  indeed,  which  he  entitles  Explication  de  divers  - 
Monumens  Jinguliers  qui  ont  rapport  a  la  Religion  des  plus  anciens- 
peupleSj  feems  to  be  chiefly  compofed  for  abufing  others,  parti- 
cularly the  Marquis  Scipio  MafFei,  for  prefuming  to  be  concerned 
in  printing  a  new  edition  of  St,  Jerom's  works  at  Verona,  which 
would  be  more  compleat  than  that  publiflred  at  Paris  by  the  Be^ 
nedidines, — "fania  Junt  animis  coeleftibus  ine, 

*  P.  ^97. 

I  clare 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR    GALE.  357 

I  dare  fay  I  have  tired  you  fufficiently  with  reading  this  long 
fcroll  ;  therefore  fliall  not  add  one  word  more,  but  that  I  am,, 
dear  Sir,  yours,  Sec,  R.  Galk. 


CXIX. 
Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  being  an  Account  of  his  Journey 
to    Dalguife   in    the  Highlands,    with   a    Defcription  of  the 
Country  and  its  hihabitants. 

Dalguife, 
May  17,   1742. 

I  had  the  favour  of  yours  at  Pennycuic  in  due  time,  but  de- 
layed writing  to  you  till  I  came  herct  I  thank  you  for  your 
obfervations  on  the  goddefs  Nehalennia.  I  knew  it  was  a  kind 
of  a  Greek  name  for  the  New  Moon,  but  thought  that  the  cu- 
rious Hollanders  would  have  taken  more  care  of  Itatues,  than  to- 
let  them  lye  for  ninety  years  in  the  corner  of  a  country  chapel. 
I  believe  I  told' you,  that  fome  of  tliofe  ftatues  were  of  ftone, 
and  fome  of  ftucco  ;  fome  of  this  was  fent  home,  -  and  was  very 
M'hite  and  hard. 

I  am  here,   attending  my  wife  at  the  goat-whey  till  the  firft 
of  June.      It  is  perhaps  the  molt  beautiful  place  in  the  world, . 
as  you  will  find  by  the  defcription  I  fhall  afterwards  give  of  it. 

We  left  Edenborough  on  the   1 3th  inftant,   and  in  two  days 
got  here.      As  our  way  lay  by  a  large  village  called  Kinroffcj 
and  the  town  of  Perth,  I  found  fomething  diverting  in  confider- 
ing  them  both.      The  firft  is  famous  for  a  houl'e  built  by  a  pri- - 
vate  perfor.,  one  Sir  William  Bruce,   whofe  grandfon,   Sir  John- 
Bruce,  is   one  of  our  mem.bers   of  parliament.       This   houfe,  • 
beyond  difpute,  is  one  of  the  fineft  in  Britain ;  the  length  of 
the  body  of  it  is  about  150  feet,    and   the  breadth    50,   all   of 
free-ltone,   and  well  contrived  within.      The  office- houfes  will 
be  atleaft  300-  feet.     It  fronts  a  loth  of.  aboiit  five  or  fix  miles 

round, . 


-58  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

round,  in  the  middle  of  which  is  a  caftle,  witha  garden,  wherein 
Mary  queen  of  Scots  was  kept  a  prifoner  by  her  own  people, ' 
Moreton  and  others*.  Nothing  can  be  imagined  more  beautiful 
than  this  loch  and  caftle  from  the  centre  of  the  houfe  :  the 
incloiures  and  plantations  belonging  to  it  are  proportionable, 
and  laid  out  with  a  fine  tafte,  "both  of  beauty  and  magnificence. 

Perth  is  famous  for  the  feat  of  the  rebellion  under  my  lord 
Marr  in  1715-  It  is  a  fine  place,  but  not  fo  big  as  Durham. 
It  has  no  fortifications,  except  an  old  citadel,  raifed  by  Cromwell, 
and  demoliflied  fooliihly  by  king  Charles  the  Second. 

From  about  fourteen  miles  lyes  this  place,  the  entrance  of 
the  old  Caledonia,  and  the  people  juft  the  very  fame  as  they 
are  defcribed  by  Tacitus,  in  Agricola's  fpeech  at  the  Grampian 
Hills.  If  they  be  not  the  "  Fugaciffimi  omnium  Britannorum," 
they  are  at  leaft  the  nimbleft,  being  ufed,  like  goats,  to  climb 
inaccefiible  mountains'.  Their  habits,  fwords,  and  targets,  are 
the  fame  as  defcribed  hy  that  author ;  but  1  am  fure  there 
never  were,  till  late,  chariots  in  their  country,  Thefe  rauft 
have  belonged  to  the  Pids,  who  lived  in  the  north  parts  of 
Great-Britain  along  the  coafts,  for  both  the  Scots  and  Pi(5ls  joined 
againft  the  Roman  power ;  thus  it  feems  that  even  at  that 
time  the  people  of  this  country  abhorred  the  name  of  llavery 
and  arbitrary  power,  fo  that  you  fee  the  reoiile  of  England  have 
got  very  faithful  and  conftant  allies  of  us  ngainfi:  minifterial  in- 
iiuence.  Lord  help  Sir  Robert,  and  all  prime  minifters  that  fall 
in  our  way  ! 

We  are  litviated  here  upon  the  fouth  fide  of  the  river  Tay, 
the  antienr  Taus,  as  fome  think,  though  others  apply  this  name 
to  the  river  Tweed.  This  river  afibrds  moft  charming  views  on 
every  fide,  high  rocks  and  mountains,  covered  with  oak  woods, 

*  A  view  of  the  infidc  of  this  caftle,  by   A.  Riircininn,  rrprefcnting  the  Queen  figning  the 
papers  by  which  fl.e  refigned  the  crowp,  was  exhibited  at  the  Royal  Acaicmy  178^. 

and 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO     MR.    GALE.  359 

;nd  innumerable  cafcades.  In  one  place,  a  large  water  runs 
into  it  under  a  natural  bridge,  formed  by  a  large  ll:one  falling 
from  a  mountain,  and  lying  acrofs :  it  is  perfedlly  romantie. 
F'our  miles  under  wbere  we  ftay  is  the  fine  cathedral,  and 
biQiop's  feat  of  Dankell,  but  much  decayed.  This  place  Ihcws 
itfclf  to  have  been  the  choice  of  the  clergy  ;  for,  though  it  be 
the  entrance  into  the  Highlands,  it  is  vaitly  warm,  which  you 
may  guefs  at,  when  I  tell  you  the  inhabitants  have  already  green 
peafe,   and  will  have  ripe  ftrawberries  this  week'. 

The  river  Tay  is  amongftthe  largcft  in  Britain,  and  fo  abouml- 
ing  with  falmon,  that  few  care  to  eat  of  them  ;  but  as  they  are 
large  and  excellent  in  their  kind,  many  are- fent  abroad  in  barrels, 
and  many  to  London  and  Edenborough. 

The  country,  as  I  have  hinted  already-,  is-very  mountainous; 
bur  on  all  fides  of  the  laver  there  are  very  large  and  fertile  plains, 
fo  that  the  Highlanders  are  far  from  living  on  mountains,  but 
have  all  their  habitations,  on  the  fides  of  rivers,  not  much  higher 
fi"om  the  level  of  the  fea,  than  Oxford  or  Cambridge. 

L  was  yefterday  at  a  country  church  to  fee  the  people,  where 
there  were  four  or  five  hundred  men  and  won'ien.  The  gentle- 
men and  half-gentlefolks  are  large  and  tall  in  itature,  and,. as  Taci- 
tus fays  of  them,  magni  art  us  Gerinanicum  orig'mem  demonnrarct : 
but  the  common  people  refen^ble  much, their  black  cattle  whicii 
come  into  England-^,  low  in  ftature,  but,.:^rong-built.  All  of 
them  vv-ear  party-coloured  garments,  jacketSj  breeches,  and  hofc, 
with  blue  bonnets,  juft  as  you  fee  them  come  into  England. 
Since  they  were  difarmed  in  17 17  or  1718,  they  wear  no  arms, 
and  To  lofe  their  manly  look- and  courage,'  The  miniiter  preached 
two  fcrmons,  one  in  the -Highland  attd  one  the  Lowland  laneuarfi, 
and'vei7  well ;  the  people  were  very  attentive. 

This  place  is  called  Dalguife,  where  we  drink  goat- whev,-,  not 
goat- milk,  and  my  wife  finds  ■benefit:. by  it  already ».    ,T'he  goa^ 

t<:edi 


560  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 

feed  on  the  rocks,  where  they  find  great  quantities  of  wild  gar"-* 
lick,  wild  thyme,  and  th^e  Capilli  Veneris-;  fo  that  tlieir  milk 
is  the  very  quintefience  of  medicinal  herbs,  but  too  heavy  for 
the  ftomach,  if  not  reduced  to  whey. 

The  people  fpeak  both  languages,  but  moftly  tlie  Highland, 
which  is  a  dialedl  of  the  Irifh,  .as  that  of  Wales  and  Cornwall, 
but,  as  I  wrote  to  Mr.  Johnfon,  -none  of  them  have  the  leafl: 
pretence  to  be  tho, -Lingua  .Britannica,  as  Mr.  Lhuyd  and  Davies 
would  have  the  Welfh.  Jt  is  certain  that  all  the  Pids  fpoke 
the  Saxon,  as  did  likewife  three-fourths  of  all  the  Engiifli,  fome 
centuries  before  the  invailons  by  the  laft  race  of  Saxons  in  the 
fifth  century,  as,  I  hope,  I  fliall  have  an.occafion  to  demonftrate 
to  you. 

There  are  here  no  Roman  camps  or  forts;  the  reafon  is 
evident,  for  the  paffes  are  fo  ftraight,  that  a  few  men  with 
ftones  from  the  heights  can  deflroy  an  army :  and  now  with 
my  paper  I  end,  and  am  ever.  Sir,  yours?  See. 

J.  Clerk. 


cxx. 

Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  with  a  farther  Account  of  the 
Highlanders  and  their  Language. 

Edenborough, 
June  17,  1740. 

This,  with  my  kind  refpedls  to  you  and  your  family,  acknow- 
ledges the  receipt  of  yours  two  pofts  ago.  I  am  glad  the  account 
I  fentyou  of  the  Highlands  was  any  way  agreeable  to  you.  I  am 
fo  great  a  flranger  to  this  part  of  Scotland,  that  I  confefs  feveral 
things  furprized  me.    I  thought  that  the  people  for  the  molt  part 

lived 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  361 

lived  on  wild  mountains ;  but  found  this  quite  other  wife,  which 
you  will  eafily  guefs  at,  when  I  tell  you,  that  the  river  Tay, 
one  of  the  largeft  in  Britain,  has  but  a  fmall  defcent  of  about 
eleven  miles  when  the  tide  meets  it,  and  that  it  runs  deep  and 
flow  all  the  way,  except  in  one  place,  about  two  yards  high  ; 
fo  that  I  am  pofitively  fure  that  Oxford  has  a  higher  fituation 
than  the  inhabited  place  of  the  duke  of  Athol's  country  ;  and  I 
take  Dunkeld,  which  was  of  old  called  Duni-Caledonia,  to  be 
no  higher  above  the  level  of  the  fea  than  Cambridge,  as  I  told 
you  in  my  laft. 

As  for  other  things,  I  confefs,  I  wrote  to  you  with  the  air  of 
a  traveller,  but  you  may  be  very  well  aflured  of  all  the  accounts 
I  fend  you  :  I  forgot  to  tell  you  one  very  odd  circumftance  in 
the  agriculture  of  the  Highlanders,  to  Ihew  you  how  far  bad 
habits-will  prevail.  They  plow  uniformly  v/ith  fourhorfes  a- 
brealt ;  one  man  holds  the  plow,  and  he  who  leads  the  horfes 
goes  backwards  the  whole  day.  All  precepts  and  examples  to 
the  contrary  are  loft  on  them,  though  the  duke  of  Athol  has 
feveral  managers  from  Yorkfliire  and  the  biflioprick  of  Durham. 

Their  habits  are  another  inftance  of  their  tenacioufnefs ;  for 
they  would  no  more  make  alterations  in  their  drefs  than  the 
Spaniards.  I  faid  therefore,  on  very  good  grounds,  that  the 
Highlanders  are  juft  the  fame  people  which  Agricola  left  them  ; 
fo  that,  on  my  return  here,  I  was  tempted  to  read  the  fpeech 
which  Tacitus  puts  in  his  mouth,  and  found  it  a  very  juft  pidture 
of  the  Caledonians. 

I  am  more  and  more  convinced  ftill.  that  the  people  who  in- 
habit the  Lowlands  of  Scotland  fpoke  the  Saxon  language,  the 
mother  of  that  very  language  which  the  people  of  England  and 
we  fpeak  at  this  day. 

My  reafons  for  fo  thinking  will,  I  believe,  convince  you  I  am 
in  the  right,   and  that  the  Wellh,  Irifli,   and  Highland  language 

A  a  a  was 


3^2  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    G  A  L  E^ 

was  not  fpoken  anciently  in  Britain,  with  more  extenfion  than 
at  this  day,  which,  I  beheve,  may  be  about  one  to  five.  I  have 
drawn  up  my  reafons  in  writing  of  five  or  fix  Iheets,  and  am  to 
depofit  with  our  Society  for  encouraging  Learning,  and  after- 
wards a  copy  fhall  be  fent  to  you.  In  that  1  fliew,  by  feveral 
authorities,  what  was  the  language  of  the  greateft  part  of  the 
Britains  afore  the  time  of  the  Roman?,  and  that  no  variations 
have  been  made  but  in  mere  dialect.  I  fhew,  that  the  Saxon 
language  was  what  the  Pi6ls  fpoke,  and  all  thofe  which  in- 
habited the  coafts  of  England  ;  and  that  the  generallity  of  the 
words  we  ufe  at  this  day  are  the  very  fame  which  take  place 
in  Germany,  with  no  other  alterations  than  we  find  between 
the  dialect  of  the  Hollanders  and  the  generality  of  the  German 
nations.  Laftly,  I  know  the  true  ancient  Scots  Saxon  language 
continues  in   the   Orkneys   to  this  day.      I  am  ever,   dear  Sir, 

Yours,  &c.     J.  Clerk. 


xixxt. 

To  my  good  friend  Roger  Gale,  Efq. 

An  Enquiry  into  the  ancient  Languages  of  Great  Britain  ;  being 
the  copy  of  a  paper  intended  for  the  Philofophical  Society  act 
Edinburgh,  by  Sir  John  Clerk-,    1.742. 

As  1  liave  thought  it  no  improper  amufement  to  enquire  a  little 
into  the  language  of  our  forefathers  in  Great  Britain,  I  have 
thrown  together  fome  thoughts,  which  1  humbly  fubmit  to  this 
learned  Society. 

Our  ancient  writers,  with  the  concurrence  of  fome  of  our  mo- 
derns, feem  already  to  have  determined  the  queftion,  what  thefe 

languages 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  363 

languages  were  about  the  time  of  the  Roman  empire  in  Britain  ; 
but,  as  their  opinions  ftand  entirely  upon  a  few  traditions  and 
monkifh  authorities,  ^mull  be  pardoned  to  have  no  greater  re- 
gard for  them  tlian  they  deferve. 

It  was,  and  has  been  for  many  centuries,  the  conftant  opinion 
that  the  language  we  now  fpeak  in  all  the  centrical  parts  of  Eng- 
land and  Scotland,  and  all  along  the  fouth-eaft,  eaft,  and  northern 
coarts  of  Great  Britain,  is  what  was  introduced  by  the  Saxons,  or 
German  nations,  who  took  pofleffion  of  thefe  countries  between 
the  years  440  and  450,  and  that,  upon  the  fe verities  exercifed  by 
thefe  invaders,  moft  of  the  native  Britains  fled  into  Wales,  where 
they  *  hitroduced  that  language,  which  continues  there  to  this 
day.  This  is  the  opinion  of  the  learned  Davies  and  Lhuyd,  who 
confidered  the  Welch  language  as  the  Lingua  Britannica,  the  an- 
cient and  univerfal  language  of  Great  Britain.  Buchanan  and 
Camden  feem  to  be  of  the  fame  mind  :  but  thefe  great  names  can 
never  fupport  things  that  have  never  been  well  confidered  ;  and 
therefore  I  think  myfelf  at  liberty  to  fliew,  as  far  as  the  nature  of 
the  thing  can  allow,  that  the  language  now  fpoken  by  more  than 
three  fourths  of  the  inhabitants  of  this  illand  is  the  fame,  or  at 
ieaft  is  the  true  offspring  of  the  ancient  Britifh  language  which 
took  place  when  Julius  Csefar  firft  invaded  this  ifland. 

In  the  mean  time,  I  do  acknowledge  that,  upon  the  rapacious 
feverities  of  the  laft  race  of  Saxons  who  invaded  Enoland  in  the 
5th  century,  many  of  the  Britains  fled  into  Wales  ;  but,  as  thofe 
could  not  be  the  twentieth  part  of  the  people,  who  are  faid  by  Coe- 
far  to  be  "  infinita  hominum  multitudo,"  fo  it  is  impoffible  they 
could  fo  entirely  carry  off  with  them  the  Britilh  language  as  to 
bring  about  a  total  change  of  it.  No  doubt,  feveral  hundred 
thoufands  mud  have  remained,  a  number  vailly  exceeding  the 

*  If  thofe  fugitives  introduced  their  language  into  Wales,  what  was  there  fpoken  before  their 
ariivil  ?  This  counuy  cannot  be  fuppofed  to  have  till  then  been  uninhabited, 

A  a  a  c.  Saxon 


3^4  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    M  R..    GAL  E. 

Saxon  invaders,  and  confequently  muft  .have  prefcrved  tlieir  an* 
cient  language,  except  in  fo  far  as  by  time  the  dialect  might  be 
altered. 

As  for  thofe  \vho  fled  into  Wales,  they  might  indeed  have  in- 
troduced many  of  thofe  v/ords  we  find  in  Mr.  Lhuyd's  Etymolo- 
.  gicon  :  but  it  is  certain  there  was  in  Wales  at  that  time  a  very 
..  antient  language,  the  parent  of  what  the  people  in  that  country 
do  now  generally  fpeak,  and  which,  I  believe,  they  received  from^ 
their  neighbours  in  Ireland,  or  Aremorica  in  France ;  and  it  is  very 
probable  tha^  this  language  might  affume  the  name  of  Celtique, 
as  indeed  moft  of  the  nations  in  JEqrope  went  fome  time  under  the 
name  of  Geltpe,  ..as  will  afterwards  more  fully  appear. 

Now,  in  order  to  make  this  enquiry  the  more  regular  and  con-- 
vincing,  I  fliall  proceed  by  th<3  following  fteps. 

Full,  I  fliall  fliew  from  the  heft  authorities  which  antiquity 
can  .produce,  that  the  German  nations  were  the  firil  who  peopled 
far  the  greateft  part  of  this  iiland,  particularly  all  the  fouth,  ibuth- 
ea,ft,  north-eail,  and  northern  parts  of  Great-Britain,  and  there- 
fore, even  before  the  invafion  of  the  laft  race  of  Saxons  in  the 
fifth  century,  that  our  Britifli  coafts  oppofite  the  continent  of 
Germany  and  Gallia  were  called  the  Liiora  Saxonica. 

2.  I  fhail  fhew  what  was  generally  the  language  of  the  people- 
who  inhabited  thefe  coafts,  and  for  what  reafon  it  may  be  thought 
to  have  been  the  German  language. 

3.  I  iliall  defcribe  who  the  ancient  Celtae  wxre,  and  how  far 
fome  of  them  were  underftood  to  be  the  Galli,  and  how  thofe 
Gaili  v/ere  diilinguilhed  among  themfelves, 

4.  I  Ihall  lliew  the  great  antiquity  of  the  German  language, 
and  that  it  was  univerfiUy  believed  by  the  far  greateft  part  of 
the  Celtique  nations. 

5.  I  ftiall  Hiew  how,  in  all  ages  of  the  world,  itwasacom- 
icon  thing  for  the  people  even  of  one  nation  to  have  different 

languages. 


EI  R.    J  O.H.N    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  365 

'langTisges,  •  and  tdaat  this  w-afe  the  cafe  ip.  Britain  at  the  time 
-when  tke  Romans, iiivadod it.  >  ■  :-  , 

6.  Ifliall  give  the  reafons  thatj  in  ail  probability,  induced 
the  Welili  vvriterg  to  believe  that  their  laiiguage  \yas.tbe  an.cient 
LtJtgua  Britannicaj  the  general  and  vmiverial  language  of  Great- 
Britain. 

"•7V  I  fhall  -flievv  .by  what  means  very  confiderable  alterations 
'have  crept  into  the  prefent  general  language  of  Great-Britain; 
'"but  that  it;ftall  remains  the  child  and  tr,ue  offspring  of  the.  an- 
'cieht  German  oj^  Saxon  language,  which  took  place  here,  in 
'the  time  of  the  Romans,  tlie  fame  Lingua  T'beutifcii  or  Teutonica^ 
'which  has  fpreaditfelf  all  over  the  north-weft  parts  of  Europe. 

To  begin  the  firfl  hcadl  mentioned,  (viz.)  that  the  German 
nations  were  the  firfl:  who  peopled  far  the  greateft:  part  of  this 
ifland,  particularly  all  the  ifouth,   fouth-eaft,   north-eail,   and   all 
the  northern  parts  of  it ;  1  fliall   adduce  the  authority  of  Julius 
Ctefar,  who,  in  his  iiftli  book  of  Commentaries  de  Bello  Gallico, 
hath  thefe  words,   "  Britanniae  pars  interior  ab  iis  incolitur  quos 
*'  natos  in  infulii  ipfa.  memoria  .proditum  dicunt ;   maritima  pars 
"ab  iis  nominibus  civitatum  appeljantur,    quibus  orti  ex  civitati- 
**'  bus  eo  pervenerunt,    et    bello  illati  ibi    remanferunt,    ntque 
*'  agros  colere  ccei)erunt,"     Here  v.e  may  obferve,  that  Ciefar 
-fpeaks  of  thefe  inhabitants  as  coming  from  Belgium,    by  which 
'name  all  the  inferior  parts  of  Germany  between  the   Rhine  and 
The  Seine  were  called.      Thofe.  inhabitants  were,    in  all  proba- 
bility,  fettled  in  Britain  long  before  his  time,   fince  he  obferves, 
they  had  cultivated   lands,   built  houfes,   &:c.      And  this  is  ftill 
the  more'  evident,   as  in  the  time  of  Claudius,  but  a  few  years 
afterwards,   Tacitus   takes  notice,   that    the    city  of  London  was 
a  great  emporium,   or  place  of  trade,   which,   in  all  i)robability, 
was  with  the  native  Britons,   who  inhabited  the  mountains  and 
centrical   places   at  coniiderable   diftances  from  the  coafts  and 

navigable 


^6S  SIR  JOHN  CLERK  TO  MR.  GALE. 

navigable  rivers.  Thofe  mnft  have  been  but  few,  who,  by 
their  way  of  Hving,  had  no  occafion  for  trade,  or  any  intercourse 
with  their  neighbours  ;  and  as  this  increafed,  their  language 
would  naturally  fall  in  v/ith  that  of  the  moft  powerful  part  of  the 
ifland. 

The  next  authority  I  fliall  i:>roduce  is  that  of  Tacitus  in  Vita 
Agricolx,  where,   fpeaking  of  the  Caledonians,  he  fays,  *'  Ru- 
*'  tilce  Caledoniam  habitantium  comae,  magni  artus,  Germanicam 
"  originem  demonftrant,  fermo  baud  multo  diverfus ;"  by  which 
words  he   plainly  intimates,    that  even  the  Caledonians,    who 
inhabited   the    north  parts   of   Britain,   countries  removed  above 
300   miles  from    that  part  of  Britain  known  to  Coefar,    were 
efteemed  to  be  of  German  origin,  and  that  their  language  was^ 
not  much  different  from   the  German.     It  is  true,  that  Tacitus 
himfelf  was  *  never  in  Britain,   and  that  he  does  not  write  from 
his  own  proper  knowledge  ;   but,    being  fon-in-law  to  Agricola 
the  Roman  general  there,  he  could  not  be  mifmformed  ;  more 
cfijedally  becaufe  that,    among  the  auxiliary  troops,  there  were 
whole  cohorts  of  the  Batavi  and  Tungri,  of  whom  remain  fome 
Roman  inicriptions  t,   from  that  time  down  even  to  our   days. 
Thofe  Batuvi  and  Tungi  are  acknowledged  by  Tacitus  himfelf  to 
have  been  Germans,   and  confequently  they  muft  have  known 
their  mother-tongue,   and  the  fmall  difference  that  was  between 
it  and  the  language  fpoken  by  thofe  Caledonians  that  went  under 
the  name  of  Pi6ls,   and  inhabited  the  low  countries  and   north- 
eaft   coafts  of  Scotland  :   fuch   they    mult  certainly   have  been, 
becaufe  they   ufed  chariots  in  their  wars,  as  they  did  near  the 
Grampian  Mount,   where   their    memorable  battle  with  the  Ro- 
mans was  fought  ;   furely  they  could  not  have  been  of  the  High- 

*  This  is  not  altogether  certain.     See  his  Life  of  Agricola,  chap.  24.     R.  G. 
t  No  doubt  but  the  Tiingri  and  Batavi  were  in  Aj;ricol:i's  army  ;  but  it  is  net  fo  clear  that  we 
have  iufcriptions  left  by  them  here  at  that  time.     R.  G. 

land 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TOMR.    GALE.  367 

land  countries,  M^here  the  "  prifci  Scoti"  lived,  for  till  of  late  they 
had  few  chariot  roads  among  them ;  yet  I  cannot  but  agree  with 
nil  our  hiftorians,  that  at  that  battle,  and  other  occafions  after- 
wards, both  the  nations  of  the  Scots  and  Pidts  joined  againft  the 
Roman  powen 

A  third  authority  I  fliall  mention  is  from  Ptolemy,  who,  in  his 
Geography  of  Britain,  places  the  people  Belgae  in  the  fouth  parts 
of  England,  to  wit,  in  Somerfetfhire,  Hamplhirc,  and  Wiltihirc, 
and  afcribes  to  them  chiefly  two  cities,  'Tlxix  ds^[/.x  and  Ovevjoc, 
the  firit  thought  to  be  now  called  Aquee  Calidas  or  Wells  ■••,  and 
the  lalt  Venta  Belgarum,  or  Wincheiler  ;  what  thefe  Belgx  were, 
fhall  be  afterwards  explained. 

A  fourth  authority  is  from  that  ancient  treatife  called  Notitia 
Imperii,  pubiiflied  by  P^ncirolius ;  this  treatife,  no  doubt,  was 
written  long  before  tiie  invafion  of  the  laft  Saxons,  in  the  fifth 
century  ;  -and  it  appears  by  it,  that  the  Lutus  Saxonicum  was  par- 
ticularly taken  care  of  by  the  Romans,  under  the  authority  of  a 
magiftrate,  who  was  called  Comes  Lit  tor  is  Saxonici :  we  have 
there  an  account  of  feveraV  offices  y}v/^  difpofitione  Comitis  Littoris 
Saxonici  in  Britannia  ;  and  fo  are  not  left  to  doubt  but  thefe  Lit- 
tor-a  were  inhabited  by  a  race  of  people  from  Germany,  whom 
the  Romans  efteemed  as  a  very  coniiderable  part  of  the  inhabitants 
of  Great  Britain, 

A  fifth  authority  may  be  taken  from  Nennii  Hiftoria  Brito- 
num,  cap..  2.  "  In  Britannia  prius  habitabant  quatuor  gentes, 
*'  Scoti,  Pidi,  atque  Saxones  et  Britones  ;"  and  fo  far  he  muft  be  in 
the  rightj  -becaufe  the  remains  of  thefe  four  nations  inhabit  Bri- 
tain to  this  day;  for  the  Scoti,  properly  fpeaking,  were  the 
Highlanders,  whom  Buchanan  calls  the  Scoti  prifci ;  the  Piv^li 
are  thofe  which  inhabit  the  low  countries  of  Scotland,  and  whofe 
predecefTors,  in  the  ninth  century,  fell  under  the  dominion  of 

*  Rather  Bath.     R.  G. 

7  the 


36S  -SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    O  A  L-E«  3 

the  Scoti.  The  Saxons  are  thofe  both  in  England  and  Seotlanci', 
who  inhabit  the  old  Britifli  Littora  Saxonica  above-mentioned, 
and  the  Britones  are  the  Wellli,  who,  nO  doubt,  are  among  the 
moll  ancient  inhabitants  of  Great  Britain,  yet  who  have  no  more 
title  to  call  themfelves  the  Britones  mi:'  i^oyjivy  than  the  inha- 
bitants of  the  Highlands  of  Scotland.  Sometimes  indeed  there  has 
been  a  dillindion  ufed  between  the  Britones  and  Britannia  the 
firfl:  included  only  the  ancient  inhabitants  of  England  and  Wales, 
thofe  who  lived  generally  in  inacceffible  mountains,  and  were 
the  property  of  the  people  of  Aremorica  in  France,  where  as  the 
laft  included  all  the  people  of  Great  Britain  without  diftindlion  ; 
but,  generally  fpeaking,  both  thefe  words  have  been  ufed  to  fig- 
nify  one  and  the  fame  i:>eople. 

A  fixth  authority  I  take  from  the  Anonymus  Ravennas.  who 
begins  his  account  of  Britain  in  thefe  words,  "  In  Oceano  Occi-' 
*'  dentali  efl:  infula  quae  dicitur  Britannia,  tibi  olim  gens  Saxonum 
"  veniens  ab  antiqua  Saxonica,  cum  principe  fuo  nomine  Ancis* 
**  in  ea  habitare  videtur.'"  Some  think  this  author  lived  in  the 
time  of  the  latter  Saxons ;  but  I  fhould  rather  believe  that  he 
lived  in  the  time  of  the  Romans,  fot  he  has  mentioned  fome  of 
their  cities  and  ftations,  and  makes  ufe  of  the  word  o//;;^  to  fig-^ 
nify  a  time  long  paft  t  :  it  is  indeed  fometimes  ufed  to  fignify  a 
time  lately  paft  ;  but  this  does  not  feem  to  be  the  fenfe  of  the  au- 
thor, becauie  of  the  laft  words  **  cum  principe  fuo  Ancis'  in'^a 
*'  habitare  videtur."  -    i-  •  r 

A  feventh  authority   may  be  taken  from  the  poet  Claudian, 
where  he  fays  in  Paneg.  de  4°  Honorii  Confulatu,   ver.  31. 

"  Maduerunt  Saxone  fufo  ' 

'' Orcades,  incaluit  Pi»5torum  fangine  Thule." 

'!('rr;o3  .    ;,,ii-ni  Ay.^ 

*   Aiiichis,  rci^. 

+  It  the  Anonymous  Ravennas,  by  Ancis,  means  H^ngi ft,  the  Srixon  prince  that  firlHettled  in 
Britain  after  the  Romans  had  left  it,  he  might  have  lived  after  the  time  of  the  latter  arrival  of  the 
Saxons  ;  and  his  mentioning  Roman  cities  and  llatiuns  is  not  the  ieall  proof  of  his  living  in  the 
Roman  times.    R.  G. 

Here 


SIR     JOHN     C  L  E  1\  K     T  0     I\I  R .     C,  A  L  E.  ^6g 

Here  it  is'evident,  that  Claiulian  called  thofc  Saxons  who 'inlia- 
bited  the  Orkneys  *,  and  indeed  from  that  time  the  people  therc- 
•of  fpeak  ti  Gothick  language,  derived  from  the  old  Saxon  or  Ger- 
man, as  do  all  the  Danes,  Swedes,  snd  Norwegians,  to  this  day  ■; 
yea,  even  the  ancient  Runic,  fomctimes  called  the  Linp^iia  IjJan- 
dica^  .is  coniidered  by  the  learned  Dr.  Hickes,  in  his  Thefaurus 
Linguarum  Septentrionalium,  as  flic  progeny  of  the  German 
lan;^uaG;e. 

Thus  I  have  flife^vil  what  t\\Q,  Liiora  Saxonlca  were,  which  leads 
me  to  the  lecond  head  I  mentione<!,  namely,  to  lliew  more  par-- 
ticularly  what  was  the  language  of  thofe  who  inhabited .  thefe 
coalls. 

I  think,  from  what  has  been  obferved  before,  that  we  can  be 
under  no  difficulty  to  believe  that  the^^all  fpoke  the  Saxon  lan- 
guage, Suevian,  Teutonick,  or  German,  though  perhaps  in  dif- 
ferent dialfivfts,  as  they  clb  ill.  feveral  countries  of  Germany  iifelf 
at  this  day. 

That  the  Caledonians,   or  greateft  part  of  them,  fpoke  a  lan- 
guage not  much  different  from  the  German,  has  already  been 
proved  from  Tacitus ;   and  the  fame  author,  fpeaking  of  the  Suevi 
and  Aeftyit,  who  inhabited  the  German  coalts  overagainft  the 
Litora  Saxonlca^  f^ys>  quibus  iriius  habiti-ifque  Suevorumy   lingua 
Britannicde  proprior^  therefore  it  cannot  be  doubted  but  that  thofe 
Avho  came  diredtly  from  Germany,   Saxony,   Belgium,  or  GalHa 
Belgica,   fpoke  their  own  language  ;   and  confequently  that  in  the 
times  of  the  Romans,  the  Saxon,   Suevian,  or  German  language 
was  fpoken  by  the  generality  of  the  people  of  Great  Britain  :  it  is 
poffible  likewife,  that  as  from  the  Suevi  the  Britons  had  much  of 
their  language,  fo  they  may  claim  to  the  honour  given  to  thofe 

*  The  Orkneys  were  long  fubjeded  to   the  Norwegians,  from  whom  they  might  have  their 
language.    R.  G. 

f  Populi  Pruffis,  et  Livoni«,  Suevi,  Pomerani'B,  et  provinciarum  fiiiitimanim,     R.  G. 

B  b  b  people 


370  S  I  R    j  O  H  iV    C  L  E  II  K    T  O    MR.    GAL  E. 

people  among  the  Germans,  which  is  obferved  by  Ciefar,  de  Belh 
Gaiiico,  lib.  iii.  qulbus  ne  dii  qiiidem  pares  ejje  pojfunt  hnmortales. . 

The  third  thing  I  mentioned  was  to  delcribe  what  the  ancient 
Celta?  were,  and  how  far  fome  of  them  were  underflood  to  be  the 
Galli,  and  how  thofe  GaUi  were  underftood  to  be  diftinguiflied 
among  themfelves. 

All  the  ancient  hiliorians  and  geographers,  particularly  Hero- 
dotus, Diodorus  Siculus,  Strabo,  Pomponius  Mela,  and  others 
more  modern,  feem  to  favour  the  opinion  of  Cluverius  as  to  the 
extent  of  the  Celtic  nations ;  but,  of  all  others,  I  think,  the  an^ 
cient  Gauls  feem  to  be  the  people  v/ho  went  moft  under  that  name. 
Strabo  diftinguilhes  the  Galli  into  three  nations,  the  Celtic,  the 
Aquitani,  and  Belgce,  and  fays,,  that  in  their  language  they  dif- 
fered very  little,.  atXk  hmg  [xix^ov  woc^oiXXocriovJixc  tolIq  yKuTJoiic'  but 
whether  or  not  all  thofe  three  nations,  as  Cluverius  alTerts,  fpoke 
the  Germ.an  language,  T  am  much  in  doubt ;  however,  as  to  the 
Eelgie,  I  make  no  quelfion  but  they  had  a  language  among  them, 
as  much  German  as  they  generally  have  to-this  day.  Thofe  were 
probably  the  Galli, ,  who,  in  the  time  of  Julius  Caefar,  had  pofTef- 
iion  of  the  coaft  of  Britain,  which  went  under  the  name  oC 
Litora  Saxonica\ 

As  to. the  Celtic  Gauls,  and  thofe  of  Aquitain^   I  rather. incline 
to  think  that,    notwithftanding  Strabo's  authority,   they  fpoke  a 
different  language  from  the  Belgce,  and  that  fome  of  thofe  took. 
pofTeffion  of  Ireland,   Wales,    and,  the  Highlands   of  Scotland;, 
but,   if  otherwife  they  fpoke  the  German  language,.,  as  CUiverius. 
would.have  them,  then  it  would  follovv^  with  more  flrength  of  ar- 
gument,  that  the  ancient  univerfal  language  of  Britain  was  the. 
German  ;   however,  1  do  not  pretend  to  carry  the  point  fo  high, 
but  will  readily  acknowledge,  that  a  different  language,   viz.   that 
of  Ireland,   Cornwall,  Wales,   and  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  took 
place  anciently  in  Britjiin,  though,  I  believe,. it  extended  itlelf 

very 


SIR     JOHN    C  L  E  R  Iv    TO    M  R.    G  A  L  E.  3- 1 

very  little  farther  at  that  time  than  it  does  at  this  day,  and  confe- 
quently  had  no  pretence  to  be  called  the  Lingua  Britannica. 

In  the  mean  time  it  may  be  neceffary  to  Ihew,  in  a  few  in- 
fiances,  the  affinity  that  was  between  tlie  Gallic  and  German  lan- 
guages under  the  Roman  empire,  fo  that  from  thence  we  may 
Mdth  fome  certainty  conclude,  whether  or  not  it  had  any  relation 
to  that  which  is  fpoken  in  Germany,  or  by  us  in  Britain  at  this 
day. 

Firft  then  I  fliall  begin  with  the  word  Soldurios^'-,  mentioned 
by  Julius  Caifar,  lib.  iii.  de  Bello  Gallico,   "  Alia  ex  parte  oppidi 
"  Adcantuanus  cum  dc  devotis  quos  illi  Soklurios,  appellant,  &c." 
Solduriif  no  doubt,  comes  from  the  prefent  German  x^^ord  Soldateti^ 
which  fignifies  Soldiers,     and    poffibly    Cx^far   wrote    SoldarioSy 
which  would  have  brought  it  nearer  the  word  Soldaten.     We  keep 
the  word  Soldiers  in  our  dialedl:,   and  the  French  fay  Soldat ;   but, 
it  is  evident,   Ccefar  could   not  well  Latinize  the  Gterman  woixl 
otherwife  than  he  did.      Another  word  of  German  origin  ufed  by 
the  Germanic   Galli  was  that  of  Ambacti,   which    is    likewile 
mentioned  by  Casfar,   lib.  vi.  de  Bello  Gallico,   "  Ut  quifque  am- 
*-^  pliffimus  eft,  plurimos  circum  fe  AmbaBos,  clientefque  habet." 
Ambac  or   Ambacht,  in  the  German  or  Low  Dutch,   fignifies  a 
trade  or  occupation,   transferred  afterwards  to  fignify  the  employ- 
ment of  a  fervant,  more  particularly  faithful  and  entruited  in  his 
mailer's  t   affairs,   and  from  thence  probably  comes  the  French 
w^ord  AmbaJJadour,   Ambajfade,  with    thofe   Britifli  words  of  the 
fame  fignification,  AmbaJJador  and  Embajfy ;   the  word  Ambacbts- 
beer,  in  Low  Dutch,  fignifies  the  lord  of  a  manor. 

Brach^e  is  likewife  a  Gallo-German  word,  and  in  former  times 
there  was  a  part  of  Gallia  called  Braccata,  and  another  called  To- 
gata',  the  inhabitants  of  the  one  wore  breeches,  and  of  the  other 

*  V.  Menagii  Grig.  Galli  in  verbo  Soldat.     R.  G. 

-j-  As  the  word,  in  the  ancient  languages,  fignifies  a  faithful  fervant,  the  prefent  fignification 
of  a  trade  in  the  Low  Dutch  muft  have  been  taken  from  that,  and  not  r  c»«//c?.    R.  G. 

B  b  b   2  gowns, 


372  S  I  R    J  O  H  N    C  L  E  R  K    T  O    M  R.    G- A  L  E. 

gowns,  who  were  likewife  called  the  Galli  C'ljalpini,  and  by  Livy 
the  Se7ni-Germani.  The  word  Bracba  comes,  as  Cluverius  very 
properly  derives  it,  from  the  German  M'ord  Broek  or  Brnyck. 
Quintilian,  lib.  i.  cap.  9,  takes  notice  that  Rbeda  is  a  Gallic 
word  to  fignify  a  chaife  or  wheel-machine  for  travelling  in.  It 
was  certainly  derived  from  the  German  word  Ryden,  equitare^  or 
■oehi^  to  ride  or  be  carried  on  a  journey,  and  Reyfen,  to  travel, 
but,  I  think,  rather  from  Ryden. 

The  word  Carrus  is  likewife  of  German  origin,  and  frequently 
iifed  by  Csfar  for  a  cart  or  wheel-carriage  of  common  life.  It 
was  introduced  into  the  Latin  language  by  the  Galli  Cifalpinij 
and  the  word  Carruca,  as  a  great  many  other  German  v/ords.  The 
old  German  word  was  Karre,  and,  with  a  fmall  variation  of  a 
dialedt,   we  call  it  CfS'r/',  and  fometimes  C<^rr,  to  this  day. 

Marga  is  a  word  ufed  by  Pliny,  Hift.  Nat.  hb.  xvii.  1.  16,  to 
ilgnify  Mark,  or,  as  the  Germans  call  it,  Margeli.  His  words 
are,  "  ell  ratio  quam  Britannia  et  Gallia  invenere  alendi  terram, 
"  quod  genus  vocant  Margam^''  Marga  comes  likewife  from 
another  German  word  Margy  Medulla j  which  fignifies  Marrozv  ; 
for  what  marrow  is  to  the  bones,  they  thought  marie  was  to  the 
earth. 

Becco,  among  the  Gauls,  fignified  the  neb  of  a  fowl,  and 
therefore  we  have  thefe  words  in  Suetonius,  in  vit.  Vitell.  cap.  i  8. 
"  Antonio  primo,  Tolofae  nato,  cognomen  in  pueritia  Becco  fu- 
"  erat,  id  valet  gallinacei  rojlrum^''  Becco  retains  rtill  the  fame 
fenfe  in  the  Italian ;  and  in  Flanders  and  Holland  they  Hill  keep 
the  word  Bec^  and  in  England  Beak  ;  and,  if  I  miftake  not,  the 
Wellli  have  borrowed  from  it  their  word  P/f,  which  denotes 
Rojlrum. 

All  the  above-mentioned  words  have  been  noticed  by  others  ; 
but  I  fliall  add  two  or  three  more,  the  derivations  of  which  may 
probably  be  thought  as  M^ell  founded  as  thofc  mentioned. 

Suetonius, 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO     M  R.    r  A  L  E.  373 

Suetonius,  in  vit.  Jul.  Ccef.  c.  24.  takes  notice  of  a  legion, 
which  Coefar  had  raifed  amongft  the  Trp.nialpini,  under  the  name 
of  Alauda  ;  the  words  are,  "  Qua  tiducia  ad  legiones  quas  a 
"  Repub.  acceperat  alias  privato  fumptu  addidit,  unam  etiara  ex 
**  Tranfalpinis  fcriptam,  vocabulo  quoque  Gallico,  Alauda  enim 
"  appellabatur."  Cicero  takes  notice  of  the  fame  legion,  Epirt. 
8.  ad.  Attic.  L.  16.  "  Antonius  cum  legione  Alaudarum  ad 
iirbem  pervenit."  He  does  not  call  it  Alau-da  in  the  fingular 
number,  but  ufes  a  Latinized  plural,  from  which  I  conjecture 
that  the  word  was  A/Ie-Ouden,  a  word  Itill  ufed  in  Flanders  and 
Holland,  to  fignify  all  old  experienced  men,  as  if  the  legion  had 
been  com pofed  of  old  veteran  foldiers,  who  had  been  in  the  mi- 
litary fervice  before.  I  know  that  Salmaiius,  Cafaubon,  and 
Pitifcus,  derive  the  word  from  the  bird  Alauda^  which  fignifies 
a  Lark,  becaufe  i)offibly,  fay  they,  this  legion  wore  crefted  caps, 
or  helmets,  in  refemblance  of  this  bird ;  but  I  believe  that  Caefar 
would  not  have  given  {o  foft  a  name  to  a  German  or  Gallic  le- 
gion ;  for,  if  he  had  chofe  to  call  it  after  the  German  name  of  a 
Lark,  he  muft  have  called  it  Lercke,  or  a  word  that  in  found  has 
110  relation  to  the  nam«  it  bore  *. 

Another  word,  which  I  take  to  be  both  German  and  Englifli  to 
this  day,  is  what  is  mentioned  by  Tacitus  de  Morib.  Germ.  c.  40. 
"  Nee  quidquam  notabile  in  fingulis  nifi  quod  in  commune  Hcr- 
*'  tha77i  colunt,  id  ell  terram  matrem."  The  Germans,  he  fays, 
generally  worfliipped  the  Earth  as  a  goddefs,  under  the  nam.e  of 
Hertha  ;  the  old  German  word  to  fignify  the  earth  was  Erde, 
and  we  in  Scotland  retain  a  word  ftill  nearer  it,  when  v,e  call  the 
earth  the  l^erd.  The  Belgic  Gauls,  no  doubt,  introduced  this 
word  into  Britain  long  before  the  lail  race  of  the  Saxons  of  the 
nth  century  :  when  we  fee,  in  the  time  of  Tacitus,  that  Hertha 

*  All  this  about -^/av<&  is  taken  from  Goropius  Becanus.     See  Iiis  8th  book  of  Hierogliphicks 
de  Alauda.     R.  G, 

was 


374  S  I  R     J  O  H  N     CLERK    TO    MR.     GALE. 

vv-as  the  Latinized  name  for  Erde^  and,  if  we  take  out  the  t-wo 
///  ill  Hertbay  there  will  remain  Eria,  which  was  the  bringing 
it  as  near  the  German  name  as  it  could  well  be. 

A  third  word  which  I  notice  is  Sparus,  from  Virgil,  Lib.x, 
"  Agreftefque  manus  armat  Sparus/' 
and  the  fame  word  is  ufed  by  Sallullin  Bello  Catiliaiario,  c.  56.  and 
l)y  Gicero  in  Orat.  pro  Milone.  It  was  acknowledged  by  Feftus 
and  others  as  a  Gallic  or  German  word  to  lignify  Jaculum,  and 
the  name  of  it  is  retained  to  this  day,  for,  in  the  German  lan- 
guage, it  is  called  Sparre  or  Sperre^  and  by  us,  in  Engli  ill -Saxon, 
Spear. 

The  words  Balteus  and  Framea  have  been  mentioned  by 
theClaffics,  the  firft  by  Virgil,  yEneid  xii.  942. 
•" — Infelix  humero  cum  apparuit  ingens. 
"  Balteus." 
The  laft  by  Tacitus  de  Morib.  Germanorum,  c.'6.  Both  of  them  are 
acknowledged  to  be  of  German  or  Gallic  original.      We  retain 
the  word  Belt  in  the  fame  fignification  with  Balteus.      The  old 
Scots  of  the  PifliQi  race  called  it  a  Bend^  which  is  ftill  nearer  the 
Saxon  word  a  5^;^^.     This  likewife  feems  to  fortify  my  opinion 
very  much,  that  the  German   and   Gallic  languages  were  very 
near  the  fame,  in  regard  there  is  not  one  word  I  know  of  men- 
tioned by  any  Roman  author  as   a  Gallic  word,  which  does  not 
evidently  remain  German  to  this  day.      But,    further  to  fliew  the 
relation  that  was  between  the  Latin  and  German,   I  fliall,   for  a 
fl")ecimen,    fubjoin    fome   words   in    all    thefe    three  languages, 
which  may  ferve  to  prove  that  they  are  derived  from  one  another, 
fo  that  the  only  remaining  queftion  wall  be,   how  to  determine, 
in  point   of  antiquity  amongft  them.      The  German  word  *  Art 
is  in  Latin  Ars,  and  in  Englilli  Art.     The  German  Auge  is   in 
Latin  Oculus :    the  German  word  Bart   is   in  Latin  Barba^  in 

*  I  do  not  find  Art  in  the  German  for  An^  the  prefent  word  is  Kunft,    R.  G. 

2  Englilh 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO     MR.     GALE.  375 

Englifh  the  Beard '^  the  German  Vaterh  in  Latin  Pater,  in  Greek 
lioLiYiS,  in  Englifli  Father  ;  the  German  Muter  is  in  Latin  Mater, 
in  Greek  Mj^t^^,  and  in  EngUfli  Mother ;  the  German  Kamin  is  in 
Latin  Caminus,  in  Greek  Ka//i)o$;  the  German  Kapitcl  is  in  Latin 
Caput,  in  Greek  Kf^aA>5 ;  the  German  word  Cenfur  is  in  Latin 
Cenfura,  in  Enghfli  Cenfur e\  the  German  Centner  is  in  Latin 
Centenarius  \  the  German  C^//^  is  in  Latin  Ceila;  the  German 
Circkel  is  in  Latin  Cir cuius,  in  Greek  Ku^A©" ;  the  German  Clafs 
is  in  Latin  Clajfts  ;  the  German  Kroone  is  in  Latin  Corona ;  the 
German  Engel  is  in  Latin  An^elus,  in  the  Greek  '''A5/rf?>(^,  in 
Enghfli  AngeL  But  it  would  fill  a  vohime  to  enumerate  all  the 
■words  of  this  fort ;  and  therefore  1  pafs  them  with  this  obferva- 
tion  only,  that  whatever  words  were  understood  by  the  Romans 
to  be  Gallic  or  German,  were  likewife  underliood  to.  be  Celtic ; 
and  the  reafon  was,  becauie  they  had  not  fuch  a  perfect  know- 
ledge of  their  neighbours  as  to  be  able  to  judge  of  their  lan- 
guages. They  accounted  all  but  the  Greeks  Barbari,  efpecially 
the  nations  that  inhabited  the  countries  on  the  north  fide  of  the 
Alps ;  though  it  may  appear  more  than  probable,  as  1  have  be- 
fore obferved,  that  the  Celti-Galli  fpoke  a  ditTerent  language  from 
the  Belgic  and  the.  Germans ;  the  two  laft  nations  were  certainly 
beft  known  to  the  Romans,  and  on  that  account  feveral  of  their 
words  were  introduced  into  the  Latin  la,nguage.  It  is  allowed  by 
all,  that  the  Romans  fettled  firft  among  the  Gauls,  or  near  them ; 
therefore  it  is  probable,  .  that  in  the  infancy  of  the  Republic 
many  of  thcfe  Gallic  or  German  words  became  necellary  for 
them 

But  to  return  to  diftincrions  ufed  among  Gauk,  there  were 
Afiatic  Galli  as  w^ell  as  European,  fo  that  in  ancient  times  it 
would  feem  that  the  general  word  ■■•  Galli  was  in  oppofition    to 

*  Gallus,  in  the  German  langu.ige,  denotes  Peregrlims,  qui  aliam  a  Germanis  lingiiam  hibet, — 
iinc  Galluc—v.  A'i//<:/;«/.vin  verbo  Wale.    R.  G.- 

the 


?rC>  SIR     JOHN     CLE  R-K     T  O     M  R.     G  A  I.  E. 

the  Scythce,  who  were  faid  to  have  inhabited  all  the  northerfi 
parts  of  Europe  and  Afla. 

,~The  fourth  head  I  propofed  in  this  enquiry,  was  to  fliew  the 
•great  antiquity  of  the  German  language^  and  that  it  was  generally- 
received  by  the  far  greateft  part  of  the  Celtic  iiations.      I  have 
already  made  appear  what  this  language  was  about  the  firll  age 
of  Chriil:ianity,  and  while  the  Roman  power  prevailed  in  Britain; 
bat,  in    order  tO'  prove  that  the  fame  was  the  language  of  the 
Britanni  long  before   that   time,  I  mult  refer  to  Ciuverius   de 
xVntiqna  Gcrmania,  and  refi;  its  antiquity  upon  the  prefumption 
•  that  fmce  it  was  a  fettled   and  eftablilhed  langua8;e  about   the 
aforefaid  time,  it  w^as   like  wife  iuch  many  years  before.     The 
author  abovementioned  makes  the  Celtae  to  have  been  the  in- 
habitants   of  thefe  five  countries,  Illyricvim,  Germania,    Gallia, 
Hifpania,   and    Britannica,   and  endeavours    to   prove  that   they 
all  fjioke  the  lame  language,  which  he  makes  the  Germanic, 
and  that  they   differed  amongft  themfelves   only  in  diale6ts,   as 
is  the  cafe  amongft  the  Teutonic  nations  at  this  day.      Bodinus, 
a  French  author,  differs  fo  much  from  Ciuverius,  as   that  he 
makes  the  language  of  the  Celtae  to  have  been  the  Gallic ;  but, 
as  I  apprehend,  both  thefe  authorities  have  been  carried  a  little 
too  far  by  a  partiality  for  their  own  country,  and  it  is  more  than 
probable,   that  there  was  a  material  difference  between  the  Ger- 
man and  Gallo-Celtic   language,   as  we  find  it  at  prefent,   with 
fuch  alterations  as  time,   neighbourhood,    and  commerce,    have 
introduced. 

Languages  may  be  faid  to  differ  from  one  another  entirely, 
when  the  general  idiom,  grammatical  conftrudion,  or  compofi- 
tionofthe  words  and  phrafes,  are  different;  whereas  languages 
differ  only  in  dialedl  by  the  alteration  of  letters,  as,  for  inftance, 
T  for  D,  V  for  F,  and  the  like,  as  in  the  cafe  of  a  multitude  of 
words  that  are  both  German  and  Engl  iff  i.     There  are  words 

arifin^ 


MR.    GALE    TO    SIR    JOHN    CLERK.  377 

arirmg  from  nature  itfelf,  and  are  common  to  many  languages, 
as  pappa  and  r/iojiuna,  with  words  that  imitate  the  voices  and 
founds  of  animals,  but  where  the  names  of  near  relations  are 
quite  different.  The  words  I  condefcend  on  are  father^  mother, 
JoHy  daughter,  Ji/ler,  and  brother ;  in  the  old  and  prefent  High 
German  language,  they  are,  vater,  mutter,  John,  tochter,  bruder, 
fchwejler ;  and  in  the  Belgic  and  Low  Dutch,  from  whence  we 
had  them,  they  come  much  nearer,  viz.  vader^  morder,  zoon, 
dochter,  broader^  zujler ;  but  very  different  are  thofe  w^ords  in 
"WelflT,  according  to  Lhuyd's  Comparative  Vocabulary,  tod,  mam, 
mab,  merx,  braud,  xuaer,  from  w^hence  w'e  may  fafely  conclude, 
that  not  only  the  Englifli  and  the  German  are  the  fame,  but  like- 
wife  all  the  northern  languages  of  Europe,  except  the  Irifli  or 
Welfli,  which  we  call  the  Gallo -Celtic  language,  fpoken  in  dif- 
ferent dialects  by  fome  of  the  inhabitants  of  Normandy  in  France, 
Bifcay  in  Spain,  in  the  kingdom  of  Ireland,  in  Cornw^all,  and 
Wales  in  England,  and  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  and  except 
the  Sclavonic,  which  is  fpoken  in  Poland,  Pvuffia,  and  Hungary, 
in  various  dialects. 

Thus  the  antiquity  of  the  German  languages  does  appear, 
and  the  near  relation  it  has  to  ours  in  Britain  at  all  times.  As  to 
the  relation  which  all  the  Teutonic  have  to  one  another,  I  muft 
refer  to  that  prodigy  of  human  -induftry,  the  "  Thefaurus  Sep- 
tentrionalium,"  by  Dr.  Hickes,  aforementioned. 

And  as  the  ancient  German  language  took-in  moft  parts  of 
Europe,  fo  did  their  religious  worfliip  and  funeral  ceremonies, 
for  moft  of  all  the  European  inhabitants  worfliipped  local  deities, 
and  eredled  altars  to  them;  moft  of  them  burnt  the  bodies  of 
thofe  dead  who  were  efteemed  above  the  vulgar,  and  their  allies 
were  put  into  urns,  fome  of  gold,  fome  of  lilver,  and  fome  of 
brafs,  clay,  and  glafs,  of  all  which  a  good  number  may  be  feen 
in  the  cabinets  of  the  curious.  Thefe  funeral  rites  were  exaftly 
conformable  to  thofe  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans.   They  took  plac6 

C  c  c  all 


373  SIR     JOHN     CLERK    TO     MR.     GALE. 

all  over  Britain,  though,  1  believe,  not  in  Ireland  ;  and  it  appears 
from  Olaus  Magnus,  that  they  became  common  amongfl:  the  an- 
cient Danes,  Swedes,  and  Norwegians,  All  thefe  culloms  con- 
tinued till  the  introduction  of  Chhllianity,  and  the  belief  of  a  re- 
furrection  ;  for  Chriftians  thought  it  abfurd  to  defiroy  by  fire  thole 
bodies  which  every  moment  were  to  be  called  on  at  the  lall  day. 

I  am  now  to  Iliew,  under  the  fifth  head,  that,  in  all  ages-  it  was 
a  common  thing  for  the  people  of  the  fame  nation  to  have  different- 
languages,  and  that  was  the  cafe  in  Britain  when  the  Romans, 
firft  invaded  it. 

By  different  languages,  I  do  not  underftand  fuch  as  are  abfo- 
lutely  different ;  for  1  do  not  believe  that  there  are  two  neigh- 
bouring  nations  in  the  world  that  have  not  borrowed  from  on& 
another.  To  begin  with  ancient  Italy  ;  no  doubt  but  the  Greek 
in  the  fouthcrn  parts  thereof,  the  Latin  in  the  middle,  and  the. 
Gallic  on  the  north  fide  next  the  Alps,  took  place  at  one  and  the 
fame  time  :  in  Gallia,  the  Greek  at  Marleilles  (where  there  w^as  a, 
Grecian  colony),  the  Celtic,  Aremoric,  and  Gallo-Belgic,  were. 
in  ufe.  In  Germany,  there  might  be  different  dialeds,  but 
the  language  was  probably  the  fame  ;  and  which  was  owing,  no 
doubt,  to  the  reafons  which  Tacitus  gives,  de  Mor.  Germ.. 
"  Eorum  opinionibus  accedo,  qui  Germani:^  populos  nuliis  alia- 
*'  rum  gentium  connubiis  infeclos  propriam  et  linceram,  et  tan- 
"  turn  fui  fimilem  gentem  extitiife  arbitrantur." 

In  Britain  we  have  no  reafon  to  doubt  but  that  at  the  fame 
time,  befides  the  Latin,  which  the  Romans  introduced,  two  dif- 
ferent languages  were  fpoken,  that  is  to  fay,  the  Gallo-Celtic 
in  Wales,  Cornwall,  and  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  and  the 
Saxon,  Suevian,  or  Belgic,   by  the  refl  of  the  ifland. 

Bede  obferves,  that  about  his  time,  in  the  eighth  or  ninth 
century,  God  was  worfhiped  by  the  inhabitants  of  Britain  in 
five  different  languages ;  his  words  are,  "  Quinque  Unguis  unam 
*'  eandemque  fummce  veritatis  fcientiam  fcrutari  et  confiteri  Bri- 

"  tanniam 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO     MR.    GALE.  379 

<<  tanniam*;"  and  from  thefe  Buchanan,  in  lib.  ii,  Hiftor.  en- 
deavours to  prove,  that  the  languages  of  the  PitSti  and  Britanni 
were  different ;  the  words  following  in  Bede,  where  he  reckons 
up  the  five  languages,  being  Anglorum^  Scotorum,  Pi&orum^ 
Britonum,  et  Latimrum ;  but,  I  think,  we  may  with  greater 
certainty  fall  in  with  the  opi-nion  he  has  given  in  his  firfl  book, 
that  fome  of  the  five  languages  mentioned  by  Bede  were  but  dif- 
ferent dialeds  of  the  fame  tongue  ;  and  of  this  kind,  I  doubt  not, 
the  languages  of  the  Angli  and  Pi6li,  and  thofe  of  the  Britones  and 
Scoti,    were. 

It  is  obferved  likewife  by  Buchanan,  that  the  inhabitants  of 
the  Orkneys  Ipoke  the  fame  old  Saxon  or  Gothic  language  ; 
therefore  it  cannot  be  doubted  but  that  thofe  who  inhabited  the 
■coafls  of  the  Fretnm  Piflorum  fpoke  the  fame  ;  and  confequently 
this  was  the  tru€  and  genuine  language  of  the  Pid:s,  that  people 
who  inhabited  the  coalts  of  Scotland  oppofite  to  Denmark  and  the 
northern  parts  of  Germany. 

The  authority  of  Ammianus  Marcellinus,  who  divided  the  peo- 
ple of  North  Britain  into  the  Pi6ti,  Saxones,  Scoti,  and  Attacotti,  I 
take  to  be  of  no  confequence  in  a  ftranger,  for  he  rjiight  as  well 
have  named  other  nations,  as  part  of  the  Brigantes,  who  were 
in  pofTeflion  of  Anandale  ;  the  Novantes,  Damnii,  and  others, 
who,  according  to  Ptolomy,  were  the  inhabitants  of  the  northern 
parts  of  this  illand  ;  but  he  chofe  a  part  for  the  whole,  and  fays, 
they  were  very  troublelbme  to  the  Britons,  vexaveriint  Britamios. 
Under  this  general  name,  no  doubt,  he  comprehended  all  the 
Britanni,  who  lived  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  Roman  wall  built  by 
Antoninus  Pius  between  the  rivers  Forth  and  Clyde,  and  on  the 
north  of  the  wall  built  by  Hadrian  or  Severus,  between  Solway 

*  Thefe  words  are  not  exadly  fo  in  Bede,  but  to  the  fame  purpofe.  R.  G.  Bede's  words  are, 
*'  Hsc  (fc.  Britannia)  in  prefenti,  jiixta  numerum  libroruin  quibus  lex  divina  fcripta  eft,  quin- 
qiie  gentium  Unguis  unam  eamdcmque  fummae  veritatis  &  verx  fublimitatis  fcienciam  fcrutatur 
&  confitetur,  Anglorum  videlicit,  Brittonum,  Scottorum,  Pidorum  &  Latinorum,  qus  rnedita- 
tione  fcripturarum  cseteris  omnibus  eft  tada  communis."     Hifl,  Ec.  I.  i. 

C  c  c   2  Frith 


38o  S  I  R    J  O  H  N    C  L  E  R  K    T  O    M  11.    G  A  L  E. 

Frith  and  the  river  Tyne.  However,  even  this  citation  frmyi: 
Am.  MarceUinns  furniilies  an  argument,  that  amongit  the  Pi'i^i^ 
about  the  third  and  fourth  centuries,  there  hved  people  on  the 
north  fides  of  the  Roman  walls,  that  were  called  Saxones,  a  peo- 
ple diiferent  from  the  latter  Saxones,  who  invaded  England  in  the 
fifth  century. 

I  Ihall  now  confider,  in  the  fixth  place,  the  reafons  that  in- 
duced the  Welili  writers  to  believe  that  their  language  was  the 
old  Lingua  Britannica.  Their  chief  reafon,  as  I  take  it,  was  the 
authority  of  the  monkifli  writers  in  the  fixth,  feventh,  and  eighth 
centuries,  as  Gildas,  Nennius,  AiTerius,  Bede,  and  others.  All 
thefe  found  in  their  times  a  new  race  of  Saxons  in  poffeflion  of  the 
principal  parts  of  England,  and  that  a  people  lived  in  the  inaccef- 
fible  mountains  of  Wales,  whom  they  took  to  be  the  ancient  Bri- 
tanni,  driven  by  the  Saxons  from  their  native  country.  So  far^ 
indeed,  it  may  be  allowed,  that  thefe  people  in  Wales  were,  as  to 
their  antiquity,  a  kind  of  Indigemc,  but  tliey  had  no  more  title 
to  he  called  the  Britannia  than  Buchanan's  Scoti  Prifci^  who  inha- 
bited the  wild  mountains  of  the  Highlands  in  Scotland.  If  thefe 
writers  had  confidered  the  matter  impartially,  and  with  a  fmali 
fiiare  of  attention,  they  might  have  difeovered  that  a  few  Britons 
taking  flielter  in  Wales  could  never  have  introduced  with  them 
a  new  language,  and  far  lefs  have  extinguifiied  that  of  their  own 
country;  for,  without  quefiion,  though  100,000  Britons  had 
left  their  own  country,  two  or  three  millions  remained  ftill  under 
the  conquerors  from  Saxony,  who  were  more  than  fufficient  to 
preferve  their  own  language  from  any  innovation  but  what 
length  of  time  might  bring  into  it. 

We  have  all  the  reafon  in  the  world  to  believe  that  the  Nor- 
mans were  as  powerful  and  numerous  as  the  latter  Saxons  in  the 
fifth  century.  We  all  know  the  infinite  pahis  they  took  to  change 
the  language  of  England  into  that  of  the  Norman  French  ;  how 

all 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.     GALE,  3B1 

all  the  young  people  of  England  were  bred  up  in  that  language, 
and  how  it  was  introduced  into  the  law  of  England,  where  it 
continued  in  great  vogue  till  it  was  lately  jiulged  by  the  legifla- 
turc  as  antiquated  jargon  fit  to  be  exploded  :  yet  all  thefe  en- 
deavours  of  the  Conqueror  had  no  manner  of  effect  to  change 
the  Englilli  language.  Many  Norman  or  French  words  were 
indeed  received  into  it ;  yet  it  is  flill  evident,  by  length  of  time, 
that  the  peoj)le  of  England  differ  only  in  dialedt  from  the  lan- 
guage of  their  forefathers,  or  the  true  ancient  Saxon,  which  at 
•prefent  is  only  found  iii  the  Orkneys. 

Thofe  ancient  writers,  who  fancied  that  the  ancient  Britijli 
language  was  only  to  be  found  in  Wales,  never  reHeiled  on  the 
general  language  of  Scotland  ;  for,  if  they  had,  they  might  have 
difcovered  that  thofe  Scots  who  inhabited  more  than  three  parts 
of  the  whole  comntry  never  could  have  got  their  language  from 
the  Englifli,  with  whom  they  were  always  at  war,  and  therefore 
it  muff  have  been  the  language  of  the  country  long  i^efore  the 
invalion  of  the  lalt  race  of  Saxons.      But  a  liraihtude  of  lanpuaf^e 

O         c") 

in  England  and  Scotland  was,  no  doubt,  the  occafion  of  the  in- 
novations we  find  in  it*  I  have  before  fliewn  that  it  was  tlie 
language  of  the  Pi61;s,  which  is  the  only  way  to  account  for  its 
having  been  the  ancient  language  of  the  Scots  kings  and  their 
parliament,  as  far  back  as  any  of  their  records,  or  any  of  our 
ancient  writers,  can  carry  us:  for,  without  quelfion,  the  Pic"ts 
who  fubdued  the  Scots  were  by  far  the  majority  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Scotland,  and  continued  their  language  juit 
as  the  South  Britons  did,  after  being  fubdued  by  the  Romans, 
Saxons,  Danes,  and  Normans.  Neither  the  imaginary  exten- 
lion  of  the  kingdom  of  Northumberland,  nor  the  marriage  of 
Margaret,  daughter  of  Edward  Atheling,  fon  of  Edmund 
Ironfide,  to  Malcolm  ICenmore,  king  of  Scotland,  nor  the  inroads 
of  Edward  I.  of  the  Norman  race,  had  any  manner  of  concern 

in 


332  SIR    JOHN     CLERK    TO    MR.    G'ALE. 

ill  the  introdii6lion  of  the  Scotch  Saxon  language.  We  muft 
carry  it  much  higher,  or  contradi6t  all  that  antiquity  can  pro- 
duce for  its  origin.  1  he  very  name  of  the  capital  city  of  Scot- 
land, Edenborough,  is  German ;  as  all  other  names  are,  where 
we  find  the  word  burgh  or  burg^  berg^  doun^  which  Buchanan  has 
taken  notice  of,   and  many  fuch  like,  as  Gallic  words. 

But  to  return  to  the  language  of  Wales  ;  it  appears  from  Mr, 
IJiuyd's  Comparative  Etymology,  that  fome  of  the  words  are 
borrowed  from  the  Saxon,  which  could  no  otherwife  happen 
than  from  the  neighbourhood  of  thofe  who  fpoke  the  Saxon  lan- 
guage ;  yet  ftill  we  find  a  fufficiency  of  words  to  fliew  that  it  was, 
as  it  ihll  is,   a  quite  different  language. 

The  laft  thing  propofed  was,  to  Ihew  by  what  means  very 
confiderable  alterations  have  been  introduced  into  the  language 
of  Great-Britain.  We  may  alfo  fee,  from  a  great  multitude  of 
Saxon  writings,  and  Englifh  monuments,  and  monaffical  records, 
publifhed  by  Dr.  Hickes,  what  the  Englifli  Saxon  was  about  the 
8th,  9th,  loth,  and  fubfequent  centuries  ;  but  we  are  left  only 
to  guefs  at  what  it  was  in  the  5th  century,  when  the  lafl  race  of 
Saxons  invaded  England.  I  make  no  doubt  but  then  the  Romans 
left  feveral  Latin  words  amongfl  *  us,  for  it  is  impofTible  to  con- 
ceive how  they  could  have  lived  400  years  in  Britain  without  in- 
troducing fome  of  their  words  into  our  language  after  them ; 
there  can  be  no  doubt  but  the  Saxons  formed  a  kind  of  new  di- 
alect amongft  us,  which  came  afterwards  to  receive  fome  altera- 
tions from  the  Danes  and  Normans  ;  more  from  an  increafe  of 
trade  and  navigation,  and  a  greater  intercourfe  with  our  neigh- 
bours along  the  coafls  of  Germany  and  the  Low  Countries.  But 
the  farther  we  go  back  into  the  Englifli,  or  rather  perhaps,  the 
old  low  Scottifli  language,  the  lefs  corrupt  will  the  old  and  ge- 

*  Almoft  all  the  technical  words  in  Welfl;  are  from  the  Latin.     R.  G. 

nuine 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  383 

niiine  Saxon,  the  language  of  our  forefathers,  appear.      We  in 
Scotland  have,  no  doubt,   fince  the   union  of  the  crowns,   been 
endeavouring  to  polifli  our  language,   at  kail:  to  make  it  more 
conformable  to  that  of  our  neighbours  in  England  ;   but,  if  any 
body  will   take  the  trouble  to  read   Blind    Harry's   Life  of  Sir 
-William  Wallace,  or  Bilhop  Gavin*  Douglas's  Virgil,  they  will 
difcover  many  words  thAt  have  not  been  changed  for  the  better, 
and  fome  that  have  a  great  deai  more  beauty  and  energy  in  them 
than  thofe  we  find  in  our  prefent  poetry  *.      But,  to  dip  no  far- 
ther into   this    matter  than  merely  the  found  and   gratification 
of  our  ears,   it  is  impoffible  for  me  to  difcern  more  beautv  in 
this  ioY  disj   in  the  for  die,  or  in  that  for  dat ;  nor.  yn.  the  following 
words  fatbeVy  mother,  brother,  Jljler,  earth,  much,  znd/uch,  for 
vader,  mooder,   brooder,  zujler,  erde,  mickle,   &c.  but  it  would  be 
irk  fome  to  carry  the  comparifon  farther.     Cuftom,   as  in  matters 
of  drefs,  gives   a  beauty  to  words,  yet  fuch  as   cannot  be  fup- 
ix)rted  by  the  bell:  reafons. 

Thus  1  have  fiiewn,   as  far  as  the  nature  of  the  thing  can  ad- 
mit of,   that  though  the  language  which  Mr.  Lhuyd  treats  of  as 
the  Lingua  Britannica  may  be,   and,   no  doubt,   was  one  of  the 
aiicient  languages  of  Great  Britain  ;   and  though  the  language  of 
the  inhabitants  of  the  Highlands  of  Scotland  may  have  the  fame 
claim;  yet  this  Gailo-Celtic  language  has  no  pretence  to  be  called 
the  ancient  Britifli  language,   for  that  more  than  three-fourths  of 
the  inhabitants  of  this  ifland  fpoke  anciently  the  Saxon  or   old 
German  tongue,   the  genuine  parent  of  what  the  people  of  Great 
Britain,   by  the  fame  proportion,   fpeak  at  this  day.      However,   I 
pretend  not  to  carry  even  the  antiquity  of  this  language  much  be- 
yond the  time  of  Julius  Caefar ;   for  if  any  body  pleafes  to  think 

*  The  fame  may  be   faid  of  the   northern  and  foiithern  dinlefts  now  ufed  in  England  ;    all  the 
odd  iiniifual  words  in  the  former  being  oblolete  Saxon  and  Danifh,  but  generally  more  exureifive 


than  thofe  that  have  fucceeded,  or  are  loft  in  fouthern.     R.  G. 


that 


3^4     SIR  JOHN  CLERK  TO  MR.  GALE. 

that  in  more  remote  ages  the  people  of  Great  Britain  fpoke  uni- 
formly either  the  Irilli,  Wehli,  or  any  other  fort  than  the  old 
Saxon,   I  will  not  offer  any  tiling  to  the  contrary. 

John  Clerk. 


cxxn. 

Dr.  Stukeley  to  Mr.  Gale,  with  a  defcription  of  the  Polypus 
Worm,  and  Sir  Hans  Sloane's  intention  of  fettling  his  Mufeum 
on  the  Publick. 

C  Y  „  Gloucefter  Street, 

^  ^  ^>  April  14,   1743. 

I  thank  you  for  your  laft  kind  letter'- ;  my  lord  Chancellor  and 
fome  more  have  read  it,  and  were  well  pleafed.  I  fliewed  him  what 
you  wrote  concerning  my  account  of  his  neighbour  roisia.  He 
was  not  content  till  he  had  read  the  whole  letter.  He  enquired 
very  kindly  after  you,  as  many  more  do,  and  fay,  if  you  would 
come  up  to  town,   that  you  would  be  reinftated  -f*. 

Mr.  Folkes  has  had  fome  of  the  polypus  fent  him  from  Holland. 
We  find  all  true  which  has  been  faid  of  them  as  far  as  we  have, 
yet  tried ;  but  this  cold  feafon  does  not  favour  our  experiments, 
efpecially  the  multiplication  by  cutting.  Our  Royal  Society  fub- 
fifts  upon  the  polypus;  they  have  lately  found  this  creature  in 
Hackney- marfhes  ;   I  doubt  not  of  their  being  all  over  England. 

Here  is  the  appearance  of  it,  [plate  VII.  fig.  3.]  fomething 
bigger  than  life. 

iv  Is  the  animal  in  a  flate  of  digeftion,  having  eaten  a  worm 
as  big  as  itfelf.     Their  contradlion  and  dilatation  is  wonderful, 

*  This  letter  ivas  nbout  the  Polypus,  with  obfervations  on  the  Tape  or  Joint-worm,  and  Swam-  , 
merdam's  Ephemera.     It  was  wrote  off-hand,  and  I  kept  no  copy  of  it.     R.  G.  , 

t  In  the  coromiffion  of  the  cuftoms. 

both 


DR.    S  T  U  K  E  L  E  Y    TO    MR.    GALE.  385 

both  of  their  bodies  and  of  their  arms  or  horns,  as  I  take  them 
to  be,  Hke  the  horns  of  fnails,  or  the  elephant's  probofcis. 

2.  Is  one  polypus  growing  out  of  another  :  1  faw  the  daugh- 
ter and  mother  quarrel  for  a  worm.  The  daughter  overcame. 
At  three  we  cut  the  mother  crols,  and  the  interior  part  eat  a 
worm  immediately  after. 

Yefterday  I  viiited  Sir  Hans  Sloane  ;  he  read  your  letter  like- 
wife  with  great  pleafure.  His  great  houfe  at  Chelfea  is  full 
throughout ;  every  clofet  and  chimney  has  books,  rarities,  Sec, 
He  defigns  to  fettle  6 col.  per  ann.  ground-rents,  with  the 
houfe,  library,  &c,  on  the  public,  provided  they  pay  his  ex- 
ecutors 30,0001.      I  am,    &c. 

W.  Stukeley. 


CXXIII. 

Sir  John  Clerk   to   Mr.   Gale,  on  the   demolifliing  Arthur's 
Oon,  near  Falkirk,  by  Sir  Michael  Bruce. 

Crn  Edenborough, 

•^■^^>  June  22,  1743. 

i  believe  you  may  have  heard  of  a  heavy  fhock  that  the  an- 
tiquarians in  the  country  have  received  by  one  Sir  Michael  Bruce, 
proprietor  of  the  grounds  about  Arthur's  Oon  ;  for  he  has  pulled 
it  down,  and  made  ufe  of  all  the  ftones  for  a  mill-dam,  and  yet 
without  any  intention  of  preferving  his  fame  to  pofterity,  as  the 
deftroyer  of  the  temple  of  Diana  had.  No  other  motive  had  this 
Gothic  knight,  but  to  procure  as  many  ftones  as  he  could  have 
purchafed  in  his  own  quarries  for  five  fliillings.  There  was  no 
cement  in  the  work,  fo  he  found  it  eafy  to  pull  down  and  carry 

D  d  d  off 


38€  SI-'R    JOHN    CCE-RK    TO-    MR'.i    GAJ-LE. 

off  the  ftones  :  we  all  ciirfe-  hiitl- with-  ^y^U,-  book,  and  candle:; 
but  there  is  no  remedy  excejlt  what- w-6"brtve'fron'C fome  accurate 
defcriptions  given  of  it-given--byf-©^'St\Vk;^ey'aJid'-atheK.>-  ■  I.am, 
•fee.  .  ■;;  -f"^"      .r-]-o-;-:,  -v::  "••"■-  J  .-Ji  JEttERH; 


GXXLV. 
P&tff'  of  anodier  Letter:  on. the  fame  fiibjei6t. 

Pennycuick, , 
Auguft.  5,   I7-4T- 

I  think  it  wovild  be  much  to  the  purpofe,  if  the  Antiquarian 
Society  in  London  would  order  a  fine  print  to  be  made  of  Ar- 
thur's Oon,  demolifhed  lately  here  by  Sir  Michael  Bruce  of 
Stonehoufe  near  Falkirk-  ;  for  thus  a  Goth's  memory  rnay  be  pre- 
ferved,  as  well  as  the  figure  of  that-  ancient  fabric.  I  am  told, 
that  fome  gentlemen  offered  to  afiift  him,  if  he  would  repair  it; 
and  \vMfeii[-  it'  vvas-  p'ttllttfg  dOw-iT,  they  offered  to  redeem  ir,  and 
give  him  the'-i?llS  of  tlJieir  qUafries  foi;  his  mill-dam,  but  to  no 
purpofe.-  In  pulling  theie  flones  afunder,  it  appeared  there 
ha'rf  rt'ev'er  been  any  cement  between  them,  though  there  is 
lime-lk)ne  and-Goah  in  abundance,  very  near  it.  Another  thing 
very  remarkaWe  is,  that  each  Hone  had  a  hole  in  it,  which  ap- 
Ifeared  to  have  been  made  for  the  better  raifing  them  to  a  height, 
by  a»  kind  of  fjorceps  of  iron^..  and  bringing,  them  fq  much  the 
eafier  to  theirr  fever-al  beds  and  courfes.  Fir  ft,,  it  was  given  aut 
that- a  tcrapeft-had  deitroyed  this  fabric,,  but  in  a  week  or  two 
tk€  very  f&UHdation.-ftones  were  raifed  ;  and  thus,  ended,  as  far  as 
Loan  conj^^^farc,   thebeii  and  moft  entire. old  building  in  Britain. 

J.  Clerk. 

*  1  propofid  ii  by  letter  to  the  Sotitty.    R.  G. 

cxxv. 


D'R.    ST  U^K<E  L'ET    T  O  .M  R.    G  A  L  E.  3^7 


cxxv. 

Dr.  Stukeley  to'Mr.  Gale,  on  the  fame  and  other  fiibje6ts. 

CyTj  Stamford, 

^-    '^J  Sept.  24,  1745. 

Mr.  Gale,  parfon  of  Linton,  in  Craven,  was  here  the  other 
day.  I  have  a  MS.  before  me,  relating  to  your  family,  and 
many  other  matters,  ferious  and  comical,  accompanied  with 
drawings.  He  fpeaks  of  your  father's  illnefs  and  death.  I  find 
there.  Mary  Gale,  that  married  to  one  of  my  anceflors  ;  her  bro- 
ther married  a  lifter  of  the  ancient  family  of  the  Thorolds  of 
Hough. by  Grantham,  from  vyhence  probably  the  acquaintance 
began. 

I  have  got  a  vaft  drawing  and  admeafurement,  from  Mr. 
Routh  ofCarlifle,  of  the  ftones  at  Shap  in  Cumberland,  which 
I  dellred  from. him.  They  give  me  fo  much  fatisfa6lion,  that 
verily  I  Ihall  call  on  you  next  year  to  take  another  religious  pil- 
grimage with  me  thither.  I  find  it  to  be,  what  I  always  fup- 
pofed,  another  huge  ferpentine  ternple,  like  that  of  Abury. 
The  meafure  of  what  are  left  extends  a  mile  and  a  half;  but, 
without  doubt,  a  great  deal  of  it  has 'been  deraolillied  by  the 
town,   abbey,   and  every  thing  elfe  thereabouts. 

The  demolition  of  Arthur's  Oon  is  a  moft  grievous  thing  to 
think  on.  I  would  propofe,  in  order  to  make  his  name  execra- 
ble to  alLpofterity,  that  he  IhouM  have ^aur iron  collar  put  about 
his  neck,  like  .a  yoke;  at  each  extremity, a  fione  of  Arthur's 
Oon  to  be.fufpended  by  the  lewis  in  ;the  hole  of  them  ;  thus 
accoutred,  -let -him  wander  .-on -.t-he  ibanks   of  Sty^,  perpetually 

D  d.d,.2  agitated 


388  DR.    S  T  U  K  E  L  E  Y    TO    MR.    GALE. 

agitated  by  angry  demons  with  oxgoads*' ;  *'  Sir  Michael  Bruce," 
wrote  on  his  back  in  large  letters  of  burning  phofphorus. 

The  coin  found  by  the  workmen  in  my  yard,  was  a  fmall 
copper  one  of  Conftantinus  Magnus;  Rev.  votis  xx.  on  a  fliield 
fupported  by  two  Genii:  it  is  very  fair,  lay  feven  or  eight  feet 
deep,  by  an  urn  or  two  inclofed  in  hewn  ftones. 

We  have  lately  found  out  a  new  water  at  Holt  by  Uppingham, 
which,  Dr.  Short  fays,  is  preferable  to  Scarborough.  It  is  of 
the  true  acidulae  of  the  ancients,  being  acid,  and  aluminous 
very  ftrongly.     I  am,  Slc.  W.  Stukeley. 


CXXVI. 

Part  of  a  Letter  from  Mr.  Gale  to  Dr.  Richard  Rawlinson,  re- 
lating to  a  Jewifli  vefTel  of  brafs,  and  the  original  Foundation 
Deed  of  Croxden  Abbey  in  StafFordfliire,  both  in  the  Doctor's 
poffefiion. 

Scruton, 
Oft.  13,   1743- 

I  will  not  pretend  to  be  Rabbi  fufficient  to  aflign  the  ufe  of 
your  Jewifli  three-legged  pot,  nor  to  interpret  the  letters  upon 
it.  They  will  be  beft  explained  by  fome  Cohen  of  the  Syna- 
gogue at  London  ;  and  it  will  be  no  hard  matter  to  confult  fome 
of  them,  if  you  have  not  already  done  it.  I  Ihould  be  glad  to 
hear  the  expofition  when  obtained  t. 

I  find  no  great  difficulty  in  the  curious  foundation  deed  ;|;  of 
Croxdon  Abbey,  except  in  two  words,  the  one  at  the  latter  end 

*  See  this  drawing  engraved  in  the  Antiquarian  Repertory.  Vol.  III.  p.  73. 

f  Dr.  Rawllnfon  engraved,  1742,  a  bell-inetal  pot  with  a  Hebrew  infcription  round  it,  found  in 
a  brook  in  oufl'olk  feventy  years  before,  and  by  him  boughc  out  of  Lord  Oxford's  Colledtion, 
and  left  to  the  Bodleian  library.  This  pot,  with  the  infcription  explained  by  Gagnier,  was  en- 
graved in  Anglia  Judaica,  by  Dr.  Tovey,  who  thinks  it  a  veflel  to  contain  records,  like  the 
earthen  one  Jerein.  xxxi.  14.  and  the  brais  ones  called  ep^iyoi  in  Arillophanes,  Schul.  Ed.  Kuft. 
p.  327.     Editor. 

J  This  deed  is  printed  in  the  Monafl,  Angl.  III.  p.  40. 

4  of 


MR.     GALE    TO    DR.     R  A  W  L  I  N  S  O  N.  359 

of  the  fixth  line,  which,  by  the  ^Ariting  of  ity7/',  fcems  to  be 
Jitus  *" ;  but  then  I  can  make  no  fenfe  of  it,  except  the  fcribe 
means  no  more  than  proper  places  referved  by  the  founder  for 
making  fifli-ponds  and  refervoirs.  The  other  is  ?-efoIlo  -f,  in  the 
nineteenth.  I  cannot  devife  what  language  it  mull  be  referred 
to,  fince  it  is  fome  word  barbaroully  latinized.  Yet  I  take  it  to 
mean  the  fame  thing  as  Servoria  in  the  feventh  line,  or  Servatoria, 
as  it  is  fometimes  wrote,  pens  or  places  kept  full  of  water  for 
feeding  of  filh-ponds  ;  for  fuch  the  Vivaria  here  mentioned  de- 
note ;  or  perhaps  it  may  be  intended  for  rivulo^  a  fmall  itream 
ufed  for  the  fame  purpofe.     1  am,  Sir,   &:c. 

R.  Gale. 


CXXVII. 
Mr.   Johnson  to  Mr.  Gale. 


Spalding, 
Maich  17,   1743-4, 


As  you  are  pleafed,  good  Sir,  to  exprefs  fo  great  friendfliip 
towards  me  and  my  family,  to  declare  fo  much  approbation  of 
my  inftitution,  and  the  condudt  of  it,  which  I  have  at  times  fub- 
mitted  to  your  confideration,  and  feem  to  be  pleafed  with  what 
I  am  able  to  communicate  to  you  in  a  literary  way,  I  am  em- 
boldened more  frequently  to  converfe  thus  with  you,  and  return 
you  mine  and  our  Society's  hearty  thanks,  the  more  due,  in  how 
much  I  am  fenfible  the  poor  notices  I  can  fend  you.  Sir,  can  add 
nothing  to  your  vaft  ftore  of  knowledge  ;  and  that  your  kind  ac' 
ceptance  flows  from  your  univerfal  benevolence  to  all  mankind, 

*  "  Excepto  quod  retimii  inihict  ha;redlbus  jneisjitum  vivarii,"  as  it  follows  after  in  this  dqed. 
•j-  "  jR^yo/Ziirf  dicuntur  ftagna  quorum  aqu-E   aggere  &i   obftaculo  retents  eiundiint   ruuntquo 
per  prata  viciniora."     Du  Cange,  in  voc.     Edit. 

your 


390  M  R.    JOHNSON    TO    M  R.    G  AX  E. 

your  ardour  for  encouraging  any  tendency  to  promote  arts  and 
fciences,  and  your  promptitude  to  patronize  thofe  who,  like  me, 
earneftly  covet  to  be  in  your  efteem,  as  you  yourfelf  muft  highly 
be  in  that  of  all  who  have  the  honour  of  knowing  and  converfing 
with  you, 

We  had  lately,  at  our  meeting  here,  the  fecretary  of  the 
Gentlemens'  Society  at  Peterborovigh  (who  was  long  fchool-maller 
here,  andtreafurer  of  ours,  and  thence  their  founder).  That 
gentleman  acquainted  us,  he  had  prevailed  on -the  Lord.Bifliop 
to  beftow  on  them  the  ufe  of  the  old  Saxon  Gate  Chamber  in  the 
Minfter-yard,  leading  to  his  palace,  for  their  meeting ;  but  has 
not  yet  been  able  to  prevail  on  that  prelate  to  countenance  them 
with  his  company  ;  they  have  made  an  ordinance  that,  in  cafe 
their  Society  drop,  and  their  meetings  are  but  very  thin,  that  all 
their  books  and  fupellex  fliall  be  then  lodged  in  the  library  of 
the  Dean  and  chapter.  Dr.  Thomas,  their  dean,  and  now  our 
diocoefan,  is  their  prefident.  We  had  done  the  like,  for  beftow- 
ing  ours  in  the  veliry  of  our  parifh  church,  and  in  our  free  gram- 
mar fchool,  on  fuch  contingency,  which,  with  God's  bleffing,  I 
fliall  (if  he  fpare  my  life)  endeavour  may  not  happen  (though 
realms  and  all  communities  have  their  periods)  of  ages  to  come. 

Our  meetings  are  continued  conftant  on  every  Thurfday  even- 
ing, and  as  well  frequented  as  I  find  it  poflible  to  make  the 
place  bear,  for  the  number  of  people  here  or  hereabouts,  who 
can  be  induced  to  attend  a  thing  of  that  nature,  where  neither 
politicks,  in  which  every  man  thinks  himfelf  nife,  can  have 
part,  nor  any  fort  of  gaming  goes  forward,  which  moft  young 
men  efteem  as  their  beloved  evening's  recreation.  But,  under 
God,  1  depend  chiefly  on  the  ftrength  of  my  own  children,  and 
my  near  relations,  whom  I  have  taken  care  to  train  up  to  a 
liking  of  it  from  their  infancy,  and,  I  truft,  will  keep  it  up  when 
I  fliall  leave  them. 

We 


M  R.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N    T  O     M  R.     G  A  L  E.  39; 

We  had  laft  Thurfday  a  letter  from  Mr.  W.  Bowyer  the  Printer, 
a  member,  who  wrot»,   that  his  friend  Mr.  Clarke,   a  prebendary 
of  Chicheiter,  (likevvife  a  moib  learned  and  worthy  member)  had 
acquainted  him,  there  had.  lately  been  found  in  that  city  a  Uoman 
coin,   reprcfenting  Nero   and  Drufus,    fons  of  Gerraanicus,    on 
hoi'feback',  and  on  the  reverfe^   c.  cabs.  divi.  avg.   eron.  a.vg. 
p.  M;  TR.  p.  III.  p.  p.      In.  the  middle    s.  c,  (which  I  find   in 
Otco's  Caligula  a.u.c.  791,  V.  4.0.  p.  69),  which,  fays  he,  though 
the  very  fame.which  Patin  on  Suetonius,  Mediobarbus,   &c,  havq 
given  us  before,  yet  brings  one  advantage  to  the  place  wher.e  it 
was  found,   as  it  is  a  coaiirmation  of  the  antiqiiity  of  the  Chi- 
ch-efter  infcrij)tion,   which,    you.  know,   is    a  little  conteited   in 
Htarfeley,   and  proves  the  early  intercourfe  of  the  Romans   with 
the   Regni,  eontrai-y  to-  the   opinion  which  billio.p  Stillingfleet; 
conceived,  for  want- of  fuch  remains. 

That  ingenious  gentleman,  Mr.  Bowyer,  in  a  P.  S.  to  his  let-i 
ter,  informs  us,  he  is  printing  Mr.  Folkes's  Tables  of  our  filver 
Coin-s  from  the  Conqaeft,  about  five  flieets,  1  prefume,  at  the; 
expence  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  ;  and  believe  it  will  be  the 
nioft  accurate  account  extant. 

On  the  firfl:  initant  Mr.   Kinfon,    a  member,   brought  a  broad^ 
thin,   pure  copper  medal,   having  the  arms  of  Zeeland  in  an  oval 
fliield,   with  a  coronet   over   it,    1589,   non.   nobis,    domine, 
NON".   NOBIS.       Reverie,    feveral    fliips  as    in  a  fea-fight,    sed. 
NOMINE.  Tvo.  DA.    GLORiAM.   the  workmaniliip  good,   and  the 
piece  well  preferved,   and  probably  then  made  on  occafion  of  the 
affiftance  that  province  gave  us  the  year  before,  when,  on  the  de- 
feat of  the  Spanilh  Armada,  and  their  retiring  from  our  coatf,  the 
great    gallions,    St.    Philip   and   St.    Matthew  (hereon   intended 
amongrt  other  fliips  to  be  reprefented),  were  taken  and  brought 
into  Zeeland  by  Mynheer  Van  Dees,   vice-admiral  of  the  Dutch, 
as  fee  Grymefton's  Hiftory  of  the  Netherlands,  under  Aug.  1588. 

fo. 


59Z  MR.    JOHNSONTOMR.    GALE. 

fo.  8805  881  ;  and  Camden's  An.  Reg.  Angl.  fub  Reg.  Eliz.  fo. 
492.  pugna  quarta.  Perhaps  the  caftle,  being  the  arms  of  Caftile, 
the  kingdom  of  Spain,  Pr.  kingdom  or  province,  is  put  to  de- 
note it  made  of  Spanilh  copper  taken  out  of  the  faid  prizes,  as 
ufual  and  proper  enough  in  fuch  cafes. 

Your  brother.  Dr.  Stukeley,  is  well,  and,  like  a  worthy  mem- 
ber, favoured  us  with  a  drawing  and  defcription  of  his  plan  of 
the  path  of  the  comet,  truer  to  our  obfervation  than  Mr.  Whif- 
ton's,  a  copy  of  what  he  lent  the  earl  of  Gainfborough  being  like- 
wife  lent  us. 

We  hear  Admiral  Davers  is  ordered  to  relieve  Sir  Ghaloner 
Ogle,  with  whom  we  expedl  Capt.  Renton  may  return  from 
America,  and  with  him  my  fon  Martin,  who  has  been  his  man, 
and  on  board  him  ever  fince  he  had  a  fliip  in  his  majefty's  fervice  ; 
but  bravely  writes  me  word,  he  neither  expedls  nor  defires  to  re- 
turn, if  we  have  (as  they  expert  there)  war  with  France ;  but 
hopes  to  have  fome  fmall  fliare  in  making  that  perfidious  nation 
pay  for  the  injuries  they  have  treacheroufly  done  us,  in  aid  of 
our  enemies  the  Spaniards  in  thofe  remote  parts  of  the  world. 

I  muft  add  a  notice  to  you,  who  are  univerfally  learned,  may 
not  be  perhaps  unacceptable  ;  it  is,  however,  entirely  new  here, 
even  to  our  butchers,  from  one  of  whom  Dr.  Green  (my  fellow 
fecretary)  had  brought  laft  meeting  to  our  mufeum,  a  wool- 
ball,  of  a  deep  dark  brown  colour,  like  a  globe,  but  compreffed 
on  all  fides,  or  rather  a  cube  as  rounded  off  at  angles  and  corners, 
of  half  the  fize  of  the  hair  balls  commonly  cut  out  of  the  fl:omachs 
of  oxen  and  cows,  as  this  was  out  of  a  Iheep's  ftomach,  that  is, 
about  the  common  fize  of  a  handball,  and  fome  part  of  the  fur- 
face  as  it  were  glazed  or  japanned  and  fhining ;  it  is  extremely 
lighter  than  even  the  hair  balls  in  proportion  to  its  fize. 

You  fee,   Sir,   how  covetous  I  am  of  continuing  my  converfe 
with  you  to  xhtfcripttis  et  in  tergo : — on  difcourfe  of  plays,  ob- 

ferving 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    GALE.  31;^ 

ferving  that  the  inftrument  iifcd  thereat  generally  gives  the 
denomination  to  the  game  ;  and  on  recolledling  all  I  could  of 
the  ball -plays  ufed  by  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  and  confulting 
Bullinger  de  Lndis  Vet.  Roufe,  Godwyn,  and  Kennett,  find 
nothing  of  Cricket  there,  a  very  favourite  game  with  our  young 
gentlemen,  I  conceive  it  a  Saxon  game,  called  from  Cpicce,  a 
crooked  club,  as  the  batt  is  wherewith  they  ftrike  the  ball  ;  as 
Billiards  I  take  to  be  a  Norman  paftime,  from  the  Billart,  a  ftick 
fo  called,  with  which  they  do  the  like  thereat.  I  am,  with 
much  affedlion,  dear  Sir, 

Your  moll  obliged  friend  and  obedient  fervant, 

M»  Johnson,  Jun. 


CXXVIII. 
Mr.  Gale  to  Mr.  Johnson,  in  anfwer. 

June  It,  1744. 

Looking  over  fome  papers  yefterday,  I  was  flared  in  the  face 
by  a  letter  of  yours  bearing  date  the  17th  of  March.  I  fiiould 
have  blulhed  at  being  fo  negligent  in  acknowledging  the  favour, 
had  I  not  too  good,  or  rather  too  bad,  a  caufe  for  my  long  ab- 
fence.  Some  vexations  that  came  upon  me  before  Chriflmas,  a 
domeflic  grief  that  came  upon  our  whole  family  at  the  begin- 
ning of  April,  and  a  violent  fever  that  feized  me  at  the  end  of 
that  month,  and  held  me  ten  days,  would  not  let  me  apply  my- 
felf  to  any  buflnefs ;  reading  was  naufeous  to  me,  and  I  abo- 
minated pen  and  and  ink,  and  indeed  am  not  yet  quite  recon- 
ciled to  it  ;  however,  I  can  no  longer  refrain  from  writing  to 
you  in  the  befl  manner  I  can. 

£  e  e  I  mufl 


394  MR.    GALE    TO    MR.    JOHNSON. 

I  muft  beg  of  you  to  be  more  fparing  of  your  compliments, 
for  I  do  not  merit  fuch  eulogiums  as  you  are  pleafed  to  beftow 
upon  me  ;  neither  am  I  good  at  returning  them,  nor  do  you,  I 
Avell  know,  demand  things  of  that  nature  from  me.  I  can  only 
give  you  the  plain  thoughts  of  a  fincere  mind,  and  willing  to  ob- 
lige my  friends  in  every  thing  that  lies  in  my  power,  without 
gilding  or  throwing  dirt. 

I  think  both  the  Spalding  and  Peterborough  Society  have  done 
wifely  in  having  an  eye  to  their  diffblution  (which,  I  hope  never- 
thelefs  may  be  very  remote),  and  endeavouring  to  preferve,  as 
they  have  done,  their  Supcllex  Liter  aria,  when  they  themfelves 
fliall  be  no  more.  It  will  be,  at  leaft,  a  glorious  monument  of 
tlieir  public  fpirit  and  learning,  and  the  record  of  a  noble  attempt, 
which  other  wife  poiterity  would  fcarcely  credit,  or,  at  belf, 
frame  to  itfelf  a  very  imperfe(5t  idea  of  it.  Many  a  community 
have  been  founded  upon  a  much  firmer  bafis,  which,  in  a  few 
years,  if  not  entirely  buried  in  oblivion,  has  been  fo  loft  that 
the  inftitution  and  performances  of  it  have  been  funk  to  the 
world.  I  wifli  fome  fuch  care  was  taken  by  the  Antiquarian  So- 
ciety at  London  ;  they  talk  indeed  of  getting  a  charter  to  incor- 
porate them;  they  have  loft  much  by  not  being  capable  of  taking 
any  thing,  particularly  a  legacy  from  Major  Edwards  of  6  or 
700].  which  he  defigned  them,  had  it  been  polTible ;  a  noble 
benefacflion,  and  a  great  affiftance  would  it  have  been  to  their 
eftabliihment. 

I  am  much  obliged  to  you  for  the  coin  of  Caligula  found  at 
Chichefter  ;  it  is  no  fmall  argument  for  the  antiquity  of  that 
place ;  fliews  it  was  foon  inhabited  by  the  Romans,  though  we 
are  not  fo  learned  as  to  know  their  name  for  it. 

As  the  antiquity  of  that  Infcription  has  been  controverted  by 
Mr.  Profeffor   Ward   of  Grefliam  College,  in  his  letter  on  that 

fubjed; 


MR.     GALE    TO    MR.    JOHNSON. 


595 


fubje6l  to  Mr.  llorfcley*,  for  want  of  better  matter  to  entertain 
you  with,  and  having  never  done  it  before,  I  wiil  here  take  the 
liberty  of  giving  you  a  few  more  effays  of  proving  that  it  mit'^ht 
well  claim  the  time  1  have  afligned  it.  That  ingenious  gentle- 
man, for  whofe  learned  opinions  I  have  the  greatcft  regard,  iays, 
that  there  are  two  things  that  appear  doubtful  to  him  in  my  read- 
ing of  that  infcription ;  that  is,  the  name  of  Claudius,  together  with 
the  title  of  Legatus  Augufti,  there  faid  to  be  given  to  ki-ig  Cogi- 
dabnus.  The  name  Claudius  that  he  is  fuppofed  to  have  taken 
upon  his  being  Romanized,  and  adopted  into  the  Claudian  family, 
he  thinks  is  not  a  compliment  iliitable  for  a  foreign  prince  ;  nor 
does  he  apprehend  how  it  could  be  confidently  made  him,  for  a 
Roman  citizen  could  not  be  free  of  any  other  ftate  at  the  fame 
time. 

I  haye  no  where  faid  Cogidubnus  was  adopted  into  the  Clau- 
dian family,  nor  do  I  imagine  he  ever  was.  By  being  Romanized, 
I  mean  no  more  than  that  he  had  fubmitted  to  the  Romans,  and 
was  a  friend  to  them.  That  he  was  free  of  that  city,  was  never  in 
my  thoughts  ;  his  taking  the  name  of  Tiberius  Claudius  was  only 
in  gratitude  to  that  emperor,  his  benefacftor,  and  doing  honour  to 
him,  who  had  beftowed  a  fmall  kingdom  upon  him,  when  he 
might  have  deprived  him  of  his  liberty  ;  and  the  compliment  v;as 
not  made  from  the  emjDeror  to  king  Cogidubnus,  but  from  the 
king  to  the  emperor  t. 

Many  inftances  might  be  given  of  this  pradlice.  The  firft  I  fliall' 
produce  is  from  the  Marquis  Scipio  Maffiei's  Antiquitates  Galli^e 
Sele6lie,  p.  105  ;  where,  from  a  medal,  he  gives  you  thefe  words, 
TIBEPIOC  lOTAlOC  BAGIAETG  PHCKOTnOPiC,  circa  caput 
regis  diadematum.  Here  you  fee  a  foreign  prince,  a  little  before 
the  time  of  our  Cogidubnus,  thought  it  was  no  difgrace  to  afliime 
the  emperor's  name,  nor  does  it  appear  that  he  was  any  more 

*  P.  337.  . 

f  Thofe  kings  that  ftyled  themfelves  **X(i5u/<aoi  were  allies,  not  fubjefts,  of  the  Roman  empire. 

E  e  e   2  than 


396  MR.    GALETOMR.    JOHNSON. 

than  a  friend  and  ally,  and  not  adopted  into  the  imperial  family. 
In  the  fame  learned  author,  p.  13,  you  have  a  medal  of  A.  AN- 
TaNIOT  TAPKQNAIMOTT  BASIAEQS  king  of  the  Upper  Cilicia, 
Hill  earlier,  who  took  the  name  of  his  bcnefaclor  ANTHNIOS, 
in  honour  of  Anthony,  in  whole  caufe  he  died  fighting,  and  is 
called  by  CIcqto  fdelijfitrius  focius,  amicijjimiifqiie  Fopuli  Rmnaiii, 
In  p.  16  of  MafFaei's  Epiftles  before  cited  is  an  infcription,  m 
qua  Rex  alter  appareat  gent  Hit  io  fibi  nomine,  ac  Romano  prcenomine 
adfcito. 

M.    IVLIVS.   REGIS.  DONNI.  F.  COTTIVS 
PRAEFECTVS.   CIVITATVM.   QUAE.    SVBSCRIPTAE  SVNT,     SiC.  * 

Here  we  have  a  prince  with  a  Roman  name  prefixed  to  his  own, 
and  made  praefeit  or  governor  of  feveral  people  there  mentioned, 
as  was  his  father  king  Donnus  before  him.  A  prcefec^l:  of  a  few 
cities  was  much  inferior  in  dignity  to  a  Legatus  Augujii,  the  em- 
peror's lieutenant  :  yet  we  fee  a  prince  here  content  with  that 
title.  Juli^  gentis  nomen  in  obfequium  Aiigufli  Cottium  fibi 
adfciviffe  ingens  nos  fornix  docet  quern  ipfe  et  fimul  qua  fub  eo 
erant  civitates  extruere.  Amm.  Marcellinus  call  this  Cottius  a 
king,  though  Dion  Caffius  fays,  a  fon  or  grandfon  of  his  had 
that  title  firft  conferred  upon  him  by  the  emperor  Claudius. 

I  will  add  two  more  coins  with  this  compliment  upon  them, 
by  which,  and  what  has  been  faid,  you  will  fee  it  was  continued 
many  years,  even  from  the  time  of  Auguftus  to  the  reign  of 
Gordian,  and  was  a  mark  of  gratitude  to  the  emperors,  that  they 
acknowledged  them  for  their  patrons  and  benefadors.  In  Span- 
hcim  de  uju  et  prajl.  num.  T.  I.  p.  535  and  537,  is  a  medal 
with  Severus's  head  on  one  fide,  on  the  other  that  of  Abgarus  t, 

*  Leg.  Aiiij.  et  Comiti  Claudii  Ccpfaris  in  Britann.     Gruter,  p.  ccccliii.  i. 
l.e.^ato  ia  Provinci.i,   Anglii.     lb.  cccliv.  i. 

•f  Abgarus  in  regnum  fmiin  a  Sevcroreftitus  Septimii  aut  Severi  nomen  clientelse  ergo  ufurpare 
cocpit.     Wife,  p.  15, 

4  king 


MR.    GALE     TO    MR.     JOHNSON.  397 

king  of  EdefTa,  with  BACAAIA-SEO  ABrAPOS.  Rex  Lucius  /Elius 
Septimius  Abgarus,  where  he  taices  the  names  of  two  cliiFerent 
emperors,  Lucius  /Elius  and  Septimius,  as  Sevcru?  was  called ; 
to  both  whom  he  might  have  had  obligations. 

The  fecond  Ihcwsahead  witha  tiara,  and  ABFAPOC  BAClAETC, 
and  the  reverfc  Gordiau  with  a  globe  in  his  left-hand,  and  Ab- 
garus touching  his  tiara  with  his  right,  ATT.  rOPAlANOS  AB- 
TAPOC  BACIAETC,  which  needs  no  comment  from  what  1  have 
already  faid  ;  but,  for  further  fatisfatStion,  you  may,  if  you  pleafe, 
confult  Monf.  Spanlieim  as  above,  and  Mr.  Wife's  Epiftle  ad  Jo- 
annem  MafTon  de  Nummo  Abgari  Regis. 

As  for  his  fubmitting  to  the  Title  of  Legatus  Augujii,   as  did 
M.  Julius  Cottius  to  that  of  PrafeBus  Civitatum   qua.  fubfcrlptcB 
funt,   I  think  there  can  be  no  great  objedion  to  it ;   for  though 
Mr.  Ward  fuppofes  Cogidubnus  to  be  a  fovereign  prince,  he  mult 
only  have  held  that  power  by  the  courtefy  and  conceffion  of  the 
Romans,  to  whom  it  is  very  likely  he  was  tributary.      Nor  do  I 
fee,  that   the  words  in  Tacitus,   ^iicdam  Civitates  Cogiduno  Regi 
donaio",  do  abfolutely  determine  him  to  have  been  a  fovereign,  as 
Mr.    Ward  fays  is  evident.      He  might  indeed  have  been  a  fo- 
vereign ;   but,  having  been  diverted  of  his  dominions  by  the  Pio- 
mans,  or  fubmitted    through    fear  to  their  vi6torious  arms,    he 
might  accept  of  the  title  and  office  of  Legatus  Augujli,   and  be 
glad  to  make  the  Romans  his  friends,   upon  fucii  fpecious  though 
fervile  terms,   rather  than   lofe  their  favour,   and   the  territory 
they  had  allotted  him,  exempted  perhaps  from  the  jurifdi^tion 
of  the  other   Legatus  Aug.   who  feems   to   have  been  Oirorius 
Scapula,  if  Cogidubnus  had  this  kingdom  and  title  from  Claudius, 
then  commanding  in  Britain  ;   for  as  the  Legati  Aug.  were  thofe, 
qui  Ccefaribus  Jubditas   regebant  provincias,    the  extent  of  their 
jxjwer  dependetl  upon  the  will  of  the  emperor.      Or  why  might 
he  not  be  one  of  thofe  honorary  legates  among  the  Romans  al- 
lowed 


3o8  MR.    GALE    TO    MR.    JOHNSON. 


:> 


lowed  by  Mr.  Ward  without  power  ?  I  rather  think  he  n^iight 
have  had  that  title  conferred  upon  him  to  give  him  authority  and 
power  over  the  Romans  as  well  as  the  Britains  that  lived  in  his 
province  ;  for,  as  a  Britifh  king,  he  could  have  no  command  over 
the  former.  At  the  fame  time  the  emperor  gave  him  to  under- 
ttand  that  he  was  ftill  dependent  and  fubje(5t  to  him. 

Mr.  Ward's  Cogidubnus  (grandfon  to   him  mentioned   in  the 
infcription)    has   no   foundation    in   hiftory  ;    our    Cogidubnus, 
famous  for  his  ftridl  fidelity  to  the  Romans,   might  be  remem-- 
bered  very  well  by  Tacitus,   who  was  born   at  the  lattter  end  of 
Claudius,  or  the  beginning  of  Nero's  reign. 

The  complex  charatflers  in  this  infcription  are  very  few, 
the  letter  fine  and  large,  feeming  truly  of  the  time  to  which  I 
have  affigned  it.  As  to  the  fcruple  abovit  the  expreffion  in  Bri- 
tannica,  Gruter  in  p.  cccliii.  i.  has  to  me  cleared  it  up,  in 
a  noble  infcription,  where  plavtvs  is  faid  to  have  been  lega- 

TVS    AVG.    et    COMES    CLAVDII    CAESARIS'  IN     BRITANNIA.        YoU 

have  another  alfo,  but  of  a  much  later  date  in  p.  cccxliv.  2.  with 

LEGATO  JN   ACHAIA. 


CXXIX. 

Mr.  Johnson  to  Mr.   (afterwards  Dr.)  Birch*. 
Rfv    Sir  Spaiding, 

You  fo  well  know  my  earneftnefs  for  promoting  knowledge, 
and  in  particular  my  endeavours  that  way  here,  that  I  promife 

*  This  and  the  five  following  Letters  are  tranfcribed  from  the  originals  in  the  Bfitifli  Mufeum. 

myfelf 


MR.    JOHNSON     T  O     M  11.     BIRCH.  399 

myfelf  you  will  be  fo  good  to  accept,  as  intended,  your  being  by 
our  Society  of  this  place,  at  my  inllance,  invited  to  become  a 
member  thereof,  which  I  have  the  honour  to  acquaint  you  with. 
It  has  been  a  cuftom  thus  to  fupply  the  lofs  of  worthy  members ; 
and  if  you  are  pleafed  to  notify  to  me  your  acceptance,  I  fliall 
efteem  it  a  favour,  and  it  will  giv^e  a  pleafure  to  ovu'  company, 
though  I  cannot  propofe  it  fliould  hereby  add  any  thing  to  you, 
fave  perhaps  a  fatisfadion  in  having  thereby  contributed  to  ani- 
mate us  in  purfuingour  defigti  as  formed  above  30  years  ago  at 
the  encouragement  of  Sir  Richard  Steele,  and  honoured  with  the 
approbation  of  the  Royal  Society,  and  the  three  laft  prefidents. 
Sir  Ifaac  Newton,  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  and  Mr.  Folkes,  deigning  to 
become  members;  and  with  that  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
and  many  noble  and  worthy  members  of  them  both.  We  have 
no  rule  needful  to  be  known  to  a  member  not  here  refident,  but 
that  we  never  meddle  with  politicks  ;  unlefs  you  be  pleafed  to  add, 
to  the  favour  of  becoming  a  member,  any  book  you  can  fpare, 
to  infert  your  name  in,  and  depolit  in  our  public  lending  library, 
which,  by  our  own  contributions,  with  the  addition  ofluch  be- 
nefa61:ions,  we  have  rendered  iifeful,  and  take  good  care  of. 
This  is  all  we  ever  expert  from  a  member  not  here  relident,  ex- 
cept the  much  greater  advantage  of  a  liberty  of  correfponding 
with  him  in  a  literary  way  occafionally,  and  the  pleafure  of  fee- 
ing him  here  if  he  at  any  time  come  into  thefe  parts,  a  remote 
corner  of  the  country,  and  but  a  fmall  town  for  fuch  an  entcr- 
prife.  However,  we  do  as  well  as  we  can,  and  meet  conftantly  ; 
and  fure  it  is  much  better  once  a  v/eek  to  enjoy  the  company  of 
half  a  dozen  or  half  a  fcore  gentlemen,  where  we  never  fail  of 
fomething  or  orher  worth  the  notice  at  lead  of  fome  of  the  com- 
pany, than  not  fo  to  do  becaufe  we  cannot  come  up  to  the  attain- 
ments of  inftitutes  in  more  populous  places.  The  more  members 
we  have  of  gentlemen  of  abilities  and  a  communicative  fpirit,  the 

better 


4CO  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    M^.    BIRCH. 

better  chance  we  muft  have  of  letters  from  them,  as  they  may- 
have  leifure  to  favour  us.      And  it  was  Sir  Ifaac  Newton's  advice 
to  us  (when  he  was  pleafed  to  enquire  of  me  our  defign  and  me- 
thod of  conducing  it)   to  be  fure  to  obtain  as  many  members  who 
would   favour   us   v.ith    correfpondence    as   we   poflibly   could. 
Though  I  cannot  boaft  v,ith  any  reafon  of  the  llrength  of  my 
interell:  in  the  literary  world,  yet  I  may  juftly  fay,   I  have,   as  far 
as  I  thought  I  might  prefume,   tried  the  utmoft  to  purfue  that 
great  man's  good  advice,   and  frequently  with  fuccefs  beyond  ex- 
peftation,  by  one  gentleman  introducing  another,  with  whom  be- 
fore we  had  no  acquaintance  or  pretence  to  hope  from,  whereby 
our  numbers  have  been  conliderably  augmented.      Give  me  leave, 
Sir,  to  add,   we  have  had  the  fatisfa6lion  to  be  the  author  of  other 
fuch  focieties  in  other  places,  and  upon  our  rules  ;   and  that  Sir 
Ifaac  Newton  declared,  on  reading  them,   he  wiflied  there  was 
fuch  a  fociety  in  every  town  that  could  fupport   it.     You  will 
pardon  me  this  method  of  addrefs*,  not  knowing  where  to  fend 
to  you,   and   being    unwilling  longer  to  defer  acqviainting  you 
herewith.      I  fome  time  lince  gave  Dr.  Mortimer,  who  is  a  worthy 
member  of  our  fociety  here,   at  his  inflance,   a  full  account  of  its 
rife  and  progrefs,   and  hoped  he  would  ere  this  have  made  fuch 
ufe  of  that  information  as  the  learned  world  (to  which  it  would 
be  an  honour  to  us  to  be  better  known)  might  truly  have  been 
made  acquainted  with  our  endeavours  after  the  bell  manner  of 
introducing  us  to  it  in  the  good  company  of  other  focieties  ;   for 
which  purpofe  I  alfo  took  fome  pains  to  give  him  all  the  informa- 
tion I  could  about  the  Society  of  Antiquaries   (all  the  members 
whereof  I  hope  are  well);   to  which  worthy  gentlemen,   as  like- 
wife  to  the  Royal  Society,   for  the  kind  notice  they  have  been 
pleafed  to  take  of  us  for  fome  years,  we  are  greatly  obliged,  and 

*  The  letter  was  direfted  to  Dr.  Birch,  to  be  left  at  Mr,  Hawkftet's,  the  Royal  Society's  Houfe, 
in  Crane  Court,  Fleet  Street. 

more 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    BIRCH.  401 

more  particularly  to  their  honourable  prefidents  and  worthy  fccre- 
taries.  We  have  the  honour  of  having  fome  members  foreigners, 
and  feveral  of  our  countrymen  refiding  in  foreign  parts,  from 
whom  we  now  and  then  have  the  pleafure  of  letters.  But  by 
reafon  of  our  diftance  from  the  General  Poll  Office,  our  method 
of  carrying  on  a  foreign  correfpondence  is  attended  with  fome  dif- 
ficulties, which  at  London  is  ealier.  I  heartily  wifli  you  health 
and  profperity,  and  am,  Rev.  Sir,  your  moft  obedient  humble 
fervant,  Maurice  Johnson,  jun. 


cxxx. 

Mr.  Johnson  to  Mr.  Birch. 

PWV    ^IR  Spalding, 

K.EV.  a  IK,  jl^j.^^  ^     ,^^ 

Your  very  obliging  letter  of  the  24th  I  received  in  due  time, 
and  on  Thurfday  communicated  to  the  company  of  our  fociety 
here,   thofe  gentlemen  exprefled  much  pleafure  in  ;   and  I  am 
particularly  to  thank  you  for  the  hopes  and  aflurances  you  give 
me  of  favouring  and  becoming  a  correfponding  member,   as  oc- 
cafion  may  be  ;   for  to  have  found  fomething  weekly  to  entertain 
them  for  fo  many  years,   has  not  been  the  lead  difficulty  of  my 
undertaking,  even  with  all  the  good  affiftance  of  correfpondents, 
and  the  aid  of  Dr.  Green,  our  other  fecretary,   who,   for  matters 
in  Phyfick,   Anatomy,  Botany,  Chemiftry,  and  all  natural  know- 
ledge and  mathematical  ftudies,  his  proper  fphere,  is  my  affiftant, 
and  correfponds  chiefly  with  Dr.  Mortimer.      But  although  the 
Dodlor  and  Mr.  Michael  Cox,  a  chirurgeon  apothecary,  our  ope- 
rator, are  very  conftant,  and  with  fome  few  others  Iteady  mem- 

Fff  >.  bers. 


402  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    BIRCH. 

bers,  'tis  fcarcely  conceivable  how  difficult  it  is  to  keep  up  fuch 
an  inil:itution  in  a  market  town  and  corner  of  the  country  with 
any  dignity  above  the  footing  of  a  tavern  meeting  or  weekly 
club;  for  without  a  pot  and  a  pipe  it  could  not  be,  zn<\fome  ale, 
fome  bijiory,  is  the  old  faying  even  at  Oxford  ;  but  we  mix  and 
moderate  them  for  four  or  five  hours  every  Thurfday  evening  as 
well  as  we  may.  By  admitting  of  every  thing  but  jpoliticks,  by  thd 
aid  of  Ihort  pieces  of  poetry,  and  now  and  then  an  oration,  we 
amuie  ourfelves  innocently,  if  v/e  don't  improve  by  them.  It  is 
ftrange,  but  true,  that  though  feveral  of  our  members  were  from 
manhood  elected  and  have  continued  to  frequent  our  meetings, 
very  few  of  them  have  been,  or  can  be,  induced  to  give  us  their 
own  thoughts  on  any  fubjed:,  either  in  the  way  of  their  own  pro- 
feffion,  or  their  more  relax  ftudies.  Could  they  be  induced  to 
that,  we  need  never  want  fhort  effays  and  differtations  in  all  parts 
of  literature ;  and,  to  encourage  them,  I  have  ventured,  and  fre- 
quently do  prefume,  to  endeavour  to  inform  them  by  my  own 
obfervations  on  what  occurs  to  me  in  my  own  ftudies,  and  to 
gain  knowledge  of  them  in  what  I  don't  rightly  apprehend,  or 
where  I  find  caufe  of  doubt.  The  more  one  can  apply  fuch  meet- 
ings to  thefe  ufes,  of  the  greater  fervices  they  would  be  ;  not  that 
they  Ihould  be  applied  to  the  explaining  every  riddle,  or  anfwer- 
ing  all  the  queftions  that  might  be  injudiciouily  propofed. 

But  you,  Sir,  in  focieties  well  llored  and  frequented  by  mem- 
bers of  greateft  abilities  and  attainment,  muft  have  obferved 
how  few  there  are  who  would  give  themfelves  any  trouble  to  pro- 
mote them,  any  other  way  than  by  their  converfation  perhaps 
when  there,  and  paying  their  common  contributions  towards  de- 
fraying" the  expences.  This  indeed  is  as  much  as  may  be  ex- 
pe6ted  from  people  of  quality,  who  have  great  affairs  of  the  pub- 
lick  and  their  own  to  attend  ;  but  I  fhould  hope  more  from  pri- 
vate perfons,  efpecially  as  it  cannot  be  imagined  they  fliould  do, 

what 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.     BIRCH.  403 

what  thofe  can,  enrich  fuch  inftitutions  by  their  munificence, 
for  which  ours  is  greatly  beholden  to  our  patron  his  Grace  the 
Duke  of  Buccleugh,  the  Right  Hon.  the  Lord  Colerane,  William 
Ambler,    efq.    Sir  Edward   Bellamy,    James   Bolton,    efq.    and 
Vaughan   Bonner,  General  Hunter,    Dr.  Mufgrave,   Dr.  Heigh- 
ington,  George  Lynn,  efq.   Sir  Richard  Manningham,  Mr.  Grun- 
dy, Mr.  Richard  Noclyff,  John  Harries,  efq.   Mr.  Edward  Pinck, 
Robert  Vyner,  efq.  the  late  Earl  of  Oxford,   Sir  Richard  Ellyes, 
bart.  Edward  Walpole  of  Dunftan,   efq.  James  Weft,  efq.    Our 
moft  conftant  correfpondents  are  at  this  time  Mr.  Secretary  Ames, 
William    Bogdani,    efq.  Rev.   Mr.  Andrew  Byng  at  Frederick- 
fliall,  in  Norway,  the  Hon.  Sir  John  Clerk  at  Edenborough,  M. 
Folkes,  efq.   F.  R.  S.   &:c.  Roger  Gale,    efq.  Mr.  John  Grundy 
jun.   Dr.  Heighington,   Gapt.  Johnfon,  Mr.  J.  Johnfon,  of  St, 
John's  College,  Cambridge,    George   Lynn,   efq.    Dr.   Thomas 
Manningham,   Dr.   Mortimer,    S.  R.  S.    the  Rev.    Mr.    Timothy 
Neve,  fecretary  G.  G.  at  Peterborough,  Rev.  Mr.  Samuel  Pegge, 
Rev.  Thomas  Rutherforth,    of  St.   John's  College,    Cambridge, 
Rev.  Mr.  Robert  Smith,  Dr.  Stukeley,  Mr.  Thomas  Sympfon  of 
Lincoln,  John  Swynfen,   efq.   and  Mr.  G.  Vertue.     I  am,  Sir, 
your  moft  obliged  and  obedient  fervant, 

M.  Johnson,  junior. 


CXXXL 
Mr.  Johnson  to  Mr.  Birch. 

Rev.  Sir, 


Spalding, 
June  JO,  1744. 


Our  fociety  here  (to  which  at  the  laft  Thurfday's  meeting  I  had 
the  pleafure  of  communicating  ydur  laft  learned  letter)  return 
you  thanks  for  the  fame,  and  for  your  kind  and  generous  in- 

F  f  f  2  tended 


404  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    BIRCH. 

tended  donation  of  the  late  Lord  Bifnop  Tanner's  "  Notitia  Alo- 
''  naftica,"  lately  publiflied  ;  a  ufeful  and  valuable  book,  with 
which  our  library  has  been  augmented  by  the  bounty  of  a  worthy- 
member,   William  Draper,  efq. 

I  have  perhaps  too  frequently,   and  it  may  be  too  freely  too, 
exprefled  my  difapprobation  of  adjournment  by  learned  focieties^ 
as  of  London  :   could  not  the  year  through  furnilh  Philofophers 
and  Antiquaries  fufficient  (as  fure  it  might)  to  carry  on  their  bu- 
linefs  of  receiving,  reading,   and  returning  fuitable   anfvvers  to 
what  their  correfpondents  might  communicate,   without  recefs  ? 
and  I  apprehend  our   Society  of  Antiquaries  abolilhed  that  idle 
cuftom  when  they  made  a  regulation,  that  when  five  members 
lliould  be  met  at  their  fociety  houfe  and  place,   if  neither  Prefi- 
dent  nor  Vice-prefident  were  prefent,  the  fenior  member  fhould 
take  the  chair  for  the  evening,  that  bulinefs  might  go  on ;   we 
do  fo  here  and  at  Peterborough  fociety  (our  daughter)   the  year 
through.      The  loth  of  laft  month  I  had  the  honour  to  read  to 
the  company,  at  a  meeting  of  our  fociety,   an  abftradt  I   with 
much  pleafure  drew  up,  of  a  quarto  book,  intituled  ''  An  Eflay  on 
*-'  the  Nature  and  Obligations   of  Virtue."     When  I  carried  in 
that  ufeful,  ingenious,   and  learned  piece,   as  a  prefent  from  the 
author,  one  of  our  worthy  members,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Thomas  Ru- 
therford,  B.  D.   Fellow   of  St.  John's  College,   Cambridge,  and 
R.  S.   wherein  the  noble  author  of  the  Charad:erifl:icks,   and  all 
other   authors  ancient  and  modern,   are,    as  to  their  notions  and 
dojimata^  duly,   candidly,   and  in  a  gentleman-like  manner,  con- 
fideredj   and  fully,   to   my  fatisfadlion,   as  belt  anfwered   as  be- 
comes a  Chriftian  divine.      If  you  have  not  yet  read  that  amiable 
work,   I  muft  (notwithltanding  as  we  have  been  told  fome,  whom 
he  unfwers  in  his  xith  and  laft  chapters,  do  not  fo  much  approve 
it)  not  forbear  recommending  ijt  to  your  perufal ;   and  this  I  caa 
with  the  better  grace,   as  ray  brother   fecretary,  Dr.  Green,   an 

old 


,MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    BIRCH.  405 

old  acquaintance  and  contemporary  of  the  author's,   and  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Neve,  late  our  treafarer,   fince  fouritkr  and  fecretary  of  the 
Gentlemen's  Society  at  Peterborough,   have,  with  Tome  other  of 
our  members,  given  it  the  fame'  recommendations,   upon  their 
perufals.      At  page    194,    195,    203,  &c.   cap.  viii.  and  ix.   I 
conceive  the  author  (you  mention)  of  the  late  Treatife  on  Hap- 
piriefs   may  find  his  uncle's  admired  fyftem  fairly  ftated,  and  as 
fully  anfwered.      I  fliall  have  great  pleafure  if,   by  the  j>erufal  of 
Mr.  Sharp's  method  and  fcheme,  I  may,  with  my  fon's  alliftance 
(who  is  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,   under  Rabbi  Leoni, . 
perfecting  himfelf  in  the   lacred  tongue),   make  myfelf  Ibme- 
what  more  knowing  in  'that,   and  thereby  in  other  Oriental  lan- 
guages, which  is  a  fort  of  learning  that  lies  more  out  of  the  way 
of  a  lawyer,  than  of  the  other  learned  profeffions  ;  but  without 
fome  knowledge  whereof,   a  man  muft  be  without  the  means  of 
entering  into  the  primordia  rerum. 

On  the  I  2th  inftant  Mr.  R.  Gale,  a  learned  and  worthy  mem-> 
ber,  favoured  me  with  a  letter  dated  from  Scruton,  which  I  com- 
municated the  2 1  ft,,  farther  illuftrating  the  Chichefter  infcription, 
and  afcertaining  it  toT^e  of  the  age.  Sec.  as  in  his  Differtation  in 
thePhilofophical  Tranfailions,  and  Dr.  Stukeley's  Itinerary,  with 
many  proofs  from  marbles  and  me.dals,  and  Marquis  Scipio  Maf-- 
fei'^  Antiqu.  Infer.  Seledae,  Ep.  .22,  p.  13  and  16  ;  and  Spanh. 
de  uf.  &  prseft.  nurriifmat.  fol.  "535,  537;"'' and  .Mr.  Wife's 
Epilt.  ad  Joan.  Mallbn,  de  primo  ]fc.  Abgari  of  the  'Socii  Reges 
and  others,  almolt  mecrly  titular  fovereigns,  taking  their  pa- 
trons  the  Roman  emperors,  or  their  family  names,  as  Prceno- 
mina,  to  which  I  add  Spanheim  fupra  laud.  Dif.  S,  fol.  49  2.  522; 
and  Dr.  Occo's  Impp.  Numif.  folio  fed.  pagina  75.  As  to  king 
Cogidubnus  being  Legatus  Aug.  Mr.  Gale  refers  to  infcriptions 
in  Maffei  fupra  1 6,  wliere  king  Cbttius  glories  in  a  title  far  in- 
ferior, i.  e.  PRAEFEcTvs  civiTATVM.  As  to  the  phrafe  Legat, 
4  Aug, 


4o6  MR.     JOHNSON    TO    MR.    BIRCH. 

Aug.  in  Brit,  fee  examples  in  Gruter  p.  ccccliii.  i.  T.  Plautius 
Legatus  Aug.  Sc  Comes  Claudii  Caefaris  in  Britannia,  and  you 
have  another,  hut  of  much  later  time,  Gruter  p.  ccccxlviv.  2. 
LEGATO  IN  PROviKCiA  ACHAIA.  *  Some  doubt  mentioned  in  Mr. 
Horfley's  Brit.  Roman,  p.  337.  gave  occafion  to  this  elucidation, 
together  with  an  account  I  tranfmitted  him  of  a  coin  of  Caligula 
ftnmd  at  Chichefter,  which  I  had  from  Mr.  William  Bowyer,  a 
worthy  and  learned  member,  on  the  third  of  March  laft,  com- 
municated here  to  our  focietyon  the  8th,  as  he  received  it  from  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Prebendary  William  Clarke,  another  worthy  member 
alfo  of  our  fociety  ;  and  it  is  a  further  confirmation  of  the  great 
antiquity  of  that  city,  and  of  the  feveral  infcriptions  there  found 
in  April  1723. 

cxxxir. 

Mr.  Johnson  to  Mr.  Birch. 

■R  IT  V      <;  T  n  .,       Spalding, 

XXJiV.     O  1  ft,  November  10,   1744, 

An  acknowledgment  of  our  receipt  of  the  honour  of  your  lafl 
letter  I  made,  and  hope  you  received  from  our  friend  Dr. 
Mortimer  fome  time  fince,  about  the  middle  of  laft  month, 
%vhen  my  Brother  Secretary  took  occafion,  and  I  in  his,  of  com- 
municating to  the  Royal  and  Antiquarian  Societies  what 
had  occurred  here  fince  our  late  commvinications.  But  "that  was 
not  to  be  neglectful  of  fo  great  a  favour  as  yours.  Sir,  I  am 
now  more  copioufly  to  return  an  anfwer  to,  and  thank  you  for, 
in  the  name  and  by  command  of  the  fociety  of  Gentlemen  here, 
as  well  as  on  my  own  account,  who  from  your  letter  received  and 
gave  them  very  great  pleafure,  fraught  with  various  notices  of 
moft  ufeful  and  polite  erudition,  and  fo  generous  and  liberal  an 

*  Sec  Mr.  Gale's  letter,  p.  393. 

offer, 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    BIRCH.  407 

offer,  which  is  no  way  to  be  returned  as  gentlemen  ought,  but  by 
an  entire  fvibmifTion  to  your  own  pleafure,  being  what  ought  to 
proceed,  like  all  gracious  gifts,   ex  mero  motu  \   but  as  to  that,  I. 
may  take  the  liberty  to  hint  to  you,   that  any  thing  in  the  claffical 
way   we  have  not,  or  any  other  whereof  you  may  have  dupli- 
cates, or  can   without  inconvenience  to  yourfelf  Ipare  us,  will 
be  well  accepted.      But  for  thefe  favours  from  a  gentleman  of 
moft  importance  to  the  moft  learned,   ^lid  retribuamus  f    The 
giving  you,   good  Sir,   the  moft  pleafing  contemplations  of  pro- 
moting our  love  of  learning  and  thirft   of  knowledge,    and   (if 
that  haply  be)  perhaps  taking  an   unexpedled  occafion  of  even. 
advancing,  it  in  you,   by  fome  poor  piece,   though  but  of  minute 
value,  Teafonabiy  and  happily  thrown  into  your  ftore.     As,  with 
the  Greeks,  I  think  it  a  necelTary  part  of  a  liberal  education,   I; 
have  ever  taught  all  my  children  to  draw,   at  the  fame  time  I 
taught  them  to  write  ;   of  this,   in  their  letters  from  diftant  parts 
of  the  world,  I  have  reaped  the  pleafing  fruits,  in  fhort  defcrip- 
tions   of  animals,   buildings,  inflruments,  &c.  fuller  illuftrated 
by   being   attended  with   an  eye  draught  or  pen  fketch  of  the 
thing  mentioned  ;  and  it  gives  them  fo  much  judgement  at  leaft, 
as  not  to  let  an  opportunity  of  obtaining  for  a  fmall  price  a  va- 
luable piece  of  ingenuity   in  any  of  the  arts  of  defigning  flip, 
them.      My   eldeft  fon,   who   is  a   captain  in  his  Majefty's  firft 
regiment  of  guards,   gave  us  a  plealing  inftance  of  this  at  our 
meeting  the  1 8th  of  laft  month,   when  he  Ihewed  the  company 
fix  very  neat  and  curious  half  fheet  defigns  of  that  great  Flemifli 
mafter  H.  Golzius  of  Muhlbreh,   drawn  in  blue  ink  (this  Henry 
Golzius  the  painter,   was,   I  believe,   the  fon  of  that  eminent  an- 
tiquary and  fculptor,  Hubert  of  Venlo)  which  he  accidentally  pro- 
cured at  Bruffels,   when  lately  there  in  his  Majefly's  Tervices ;   viz« 
I.  Perfeverance,  with  a  Ihail  on  her  flioulder,  Fejtina  Lente. 

1.  Feftivity, 


438  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    BIRCH. 

2.  Feflivity,  a  jolly  fellow  hugging  fome  viands  and  his  bot- 
tle. Thefe  are  academy  figures,  the  latter  like  the  Chinefe 
happy  man. 

3.  Righteoufnefs  and  Peace  embracing  each  other. 

4.  The  cutting  and  getting  in  of  harveft  in  groups, 

5.  Bacchus  and  Pomona  beftowing  their  bleflings. 

6.  The  Holy  Family,  with  the  adorations  and  offerings  of  the 
Magi. 

He  prefented  our  mufeum  with  a  circular  plate  of  white  metal, 
two  inches  diameter  and  |  thick,  having  on  one  fide  a  planetary, 
on  the  other  an  alchemyftical  fcheme  in  fix  compartments,  and 
the  places  of  the  four  elements  in  the  midft. 

The  Thurfday  following  he  entertained  us  with  four  more 
drawings  in  different  manners  and  materials,  done  by  the  fame 
great  hand. 

1.  The  Samaritan  woman  with  her  pitcher  at  the  well,  in  blue 
ink. 

2.  St.  Peter  proftrate,  and  weeping  bitterly,  the  cock  crowing, 
in  red  chalk. 

3.  Bellona  unflieathing  her  fword,   in  black  chalk. 

4.  A  middle-aged  man  holding  a  roll  infcribed  in  Hebrew, 
after  Spranger's  bold  manner,   drawn  in  arms,  with  a  pen. 

Alfo  of  the  fame  mafter,  his  Diligentia,  an  etching  ;  and  a 
proof  plate,  the  lower  part  of  the  Holy  Family,  and  Shepherds, 
(mentioned  with  applaufe  by  Mr.  Evelyn  in  his  Calcographia) 
unfiniflied,   but  moft  elegantly  engraved,  with  his  name,    161 5, 

That  evening  a  gentleman  lately  come  thence  gave  us  a  de- 
fcription  of  Naples,  and  the  remains  of  Puzzuoli,  Baiae,  and  Cumae. 
And  on  the  firft  inftant  I  amufed  the  company  with  fhewing 
them  Villamarca's  pidlures  of  thofe  places  in  his  Ager  Puteolanus, 
edit.  1652.  And  from  a  letter  of  Mr.  William  Simpfon's,  a  proc- 
tor at  Lincoln,   and  member,  acquainted   them  that  Mr.  Browne 

Willis 


M  R.    J  O  H  N  S  O  N    TO    MR.    BIRCH.  409 

Willis  is  about  to  give  us  a  third  volume  of  his  Notitia  Parlia- 
mentaria,  a  'work  much  wiflied  to  be  continued,  and  that  he 
were   better  affifted  therein. 

Mr.  Butter,  a  member,  lliewed  us  a  coin  of  Commodus  in  the 
large  brafs,  which  (as  fome  of  Tetricus  and  Caraufius)  was  lately 
plowed  up  hereabout.  The  other  day,  at  our  laft  meeting,  we  had 
the  impreffion  of  the  head  of  Apollo  laurelled,  the  hair  fet  high 
and  in  trefles,  the  features  like  that  at  the  Belvidere  ;  with  a  branch 
of  laiirel  before  the  neck ;  cut  in  a  fardonyx  by  fome  great  Gre- 
cian fculptor,  and  brought  from  Sophia  in  Bulgaria  by  Mr. 
Palmantier  the  owner  of  it.  And  my  brother  fecretary  Dr.  Green 
lliewed  us  a  profile  bufto  medallion- wife  in  white  wax  vermilli- 
oned,  low  relief,  three  inches  diameter,  of  queen  Mary  confort  of 
William  III.  elegantly  made  in  Holland  by  a  Dutch  artift,  in  the 
flow^er  of  her  youth  :  no  reprefentation  of  flefli  can  have  more  of 
the  morbidezzay  or  materials  contributing  to  the  exprellion  of  a 
tender  fweetnefs.  I  fliewed  them  a  MS.  of  enquiries  into  con- 
vent or  abbey  lands,  written  by  my  great  grandfather,  who  was 
one  of  queen  Elizabeth's  commiffioners,  and  noted  in  the  margin 
by  lord  treafurer  Burleigh.  I  am,  with  due  regard  to  our  friends 
at  the  Mitre,  Reverend  Sir, 

Your  much  obliged  and  moft  obedient  fervant, 

M. Johnson. 


CXXXIII. 

Mr.  Johnson  to  Mr.  Birch,   Sec.  R.  S.  and  Dir.  A.  S.  Londoon. 
Dear  Sir,  r  k^''"!'^'"^' 

'  Feb.  18,  1751. 

Permit  me  to  take  occafion,  from  our  notice  in  the  news-paper, 
of  congratulating  you,   and  our  fociety  here,  of  your  becoming 

Ggg  the 


410  MR..    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    BIRCH. 

the  fixth  member  of  it,   who  have  had  the  honour  to  be  a  fecre- 
tary  of  the  principal  of  all  literary  inftitutions,  the  Royal  Society, 
London,  our  honoured  patronels  and  great  exemplar,   and,  for 
many  years  paft,   encourager.     Our  pretences  to  entitle  this  our 
little  cell   to    ib  great   favours,  were  with   Sir  Ifaac  being    our 
countryman,   and  with  the  late  prefident  of  the  College  of  Phy- 
ficians  Dr.  Jurin    (having  been  my  brother's  and  my  tutor)  welL 
knowing  and  known  to  our  members  here  ;  thefe  examples,   and 
fome  of  our  acquaintance  with  them,  induced  the  reft.      But  we 
muft  ever  with  gratitude,^  good  Sir,  acknowledge  not  only  the 
obliging  manner  of  accepting  the  invitation  made  you  of  becom- 
ing a   member,  but  the  very  ingenious  and   ufeful  books  you 
generoufly  beftovved  on  our  library,  w'herein  you  are  infcribed  as- 
beneficently  fuch.  Though  letters  of  correfpondence  more  properly 
are  the  province  of  the  fecTCtary,  which  I  endeavoured  to  fupply 
here  for  upwards  of  thirty  years  ;  yet  thofe  of  doing  the  honours. 
of  this  inftitution  were  originally  thereby  referved  to  their  pre- 
fident.     As  fuch,   and  as  my  friend,   you  will  give  me  leave  to^ 
willi  you  joy  and  profperity.      I  defer  your  receiving  this  longer 
than  by  the  poft  it  might  have  reached  your  hands,  that  my  Ibu 
Walter  Johnfon,  our  treafurer  here,  and  a  brother  member  of  our 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  London,  may  there  have  the  fatisfadion 
of  delivering-  it  to  you,  or  at  the  Royal  Society,  to  which   by 
means  of  the  before  mentioned  great  men,  I  had  ever  the  plea- 
fure,   when  in  town,   of  a  free  accefs,   as  I  truft  and  hope  (when 
he  requefts  it)  you  will  be  lb  good  as-grant  him  the  like  favour.  - 
The  getting  young  men  introduced  into  improving  company, 
and  inducing  them  to  feck  out  and  keep  fuch,  having  been  by 
me  ever  thought  as   advantageous  to  them  (efpecially  in  the  cafe 
of  my  own  fons  and  near  kinfmen)   as  rendering  them  from  the 
firft  capable  of  fuch  improvements,    which  muft  enable   them 
in  their  refpeilive  ftations  to  ferve  their  king,   their  country^ 
and  their  families   w'ith  credit,  keep  up  the  dignity  of  gentle- 
men 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    BIRCH.  411 

men  in  every  part  of  life,  rendering  affiduity  and  abilities  agree- 
able, and  adorning  integrity  itfelf.  It  was  with  this  view,  by 
the  encouragement  of  Mr.  Secretary  Additbn,  Captain  Steele, 
and  others  of  Button's  club,  I  dared  to  found,  and  have  iince 
fupported,  our  -fociety  here,  and  feek  to  fecure  the  benefits  of 
it  to  my  children  and  grandchildren*  Much  to  people  at  a 
diftance  hence  cannot  be  expeded  ;  but  to  us  and  our  neigh- 
bours our  library  is  daily  iifeful,  and  our  muleum  is  frequently 
enriched' with  -fofiils,  a  fafhionable  ftudy ;  our  gardens  with 
vegetables,  not  before  attended  to  becaufe  not  underftood ; 
and  we  have  frequently  drawings,  and  fometimes  models,  brought 
us  of  machines  and  engines  of  ufe  in  draining  and  agriculture^ 
and  now  and  then  animals  not  till  of  late  regarded. 
.  As  an  ornament  to  my  canal,  1  have,  wing-fliot  this  winter, 
(prefented  me  by  a  fon-in  law^,  Mr.  Wallin,  a  member  of  our 
fociety)  a  beautiful  diver,  a  w^ater  fowl  of  thefizeofan  half  bird 
or  teal,  the  head 'having  a  large  tuft,  which,  with  the  breaft, 
neck,  back,  and  belly,  are  as  \vhite  as  fnow,  very  fprightly  eyes, 
and  round  them,  and  towards  the  back  of  the  head  as  from  them, 
broad  ftripes  of  jett  1:)lack  feathers,  as  the  longeft  feathers  of  his 
tuft,  and  a  ftripe  on  his  back  above  his  wings  are,  the  beak  fome- 
Avhat  narrower,  but  like  a  duck's,  and  with  the  wings,  tail,  legs, 
and  feet  of  a  lead  colour.  It  lives,  as  my  gardener  tells  me, 
on  worms  ;  it  gets  out  of  the  walks  by  night,  and  is  ever  catch- 
ing flies  by  day  us  it  fwims  about.  It  walks,  as  Penguins,  Loons, 
and  all  the  Pegujkelis  tribe  (as  Ariilotle  calls  them),  upright  and 
but  ill,  the  thighs  joining  to  the  rump  ;  but  then  by  that  means 
it  fwims  incomparably,  and  dives  dextroufly,  and  for  its  diver- 
fion  will  frequently  fwim  underneath  water  ten  or  a  dozen 
yards  at  a  time  :  he  is  a  bold  bird,  and,  as  a  fowler  told  me, 
called  th.t  fea-nymph,  and  the  drake  of  his  kind  ;  his  upper  beak 
hooks  a  very  little  over  his  under,   and  is  very  fharp  and  ftrong, 

G  g  g  a  and 


412  IVin.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    BIRCH. 

and  I  flioukl  rather  have  kept  him  in  other  water  than  with  good 
carp  and  tench,  but  that  my  neighbour  the  fowler  (who  is  aha 
a  fiflierman)  aflured  me  he  is  harmlefs  as  to  fifli,  of  any  fize  at 
leaft  ;  and  he  is  not  in  a  breeding  pond. 

We  have  had  prefented  to  our  mufeum  the  other  day,  by  Mr. 
Calamy  Ives  (apothecary  of  Wifbeach,  and  a  member)  a  fpeci- 
men  of  a  fliell  of  a  fmooth  Echinus  Pentaphyroides,  and  another 
rough  one  full  of  fpines  all  over,-  taken  up  by  him  on  the  banks 
of  our  river  Welland  :  of  this  latter  I  have  a  large  one  taken 
by  my  fon,  who  has  the  honour  of  delivering  you  this,  out  of  a 
fkate  fifh  in  my  kitchen,  whereon  the  tubercles  ftand  as  thick  as 
the  fliell  will  admit.  Our-  fecretary,  Dr.  Green,  fliewed  us  at 
our  laft  meeting,  a  very  large  galeat  echinite,  hollow,  and  formed 
of  a  flint  or  pebble  ftone,  with  a  crack  or  chafm  on  one  fide  of  it, 
wherein  we  could  diifcem  a  fparry  matter  within,  or  fort  of  chryf- 
tallization  ;  fuch  I  have,  fliot  from  and  adhering  to  a  flinty 
nautilites  of  the  fluviatile  or  flat  kind,  which  I  Ihewed  the  com- 
pany ;  the  formation  of  the  fmall  bones  or  cartilages  of  the 
echinias  (of  which  I  have  a  fpecimen  of  one  with  them  within  the 
flielf,  but  loofe  and  capable  of  being  fliaked  to. the  foramen  fo^s 
to  fee  them)  are  very  curious,  and  anfwer  to  the  form  of  the 
iifli,  in  a  much  lefs  proportion. 

We  had,  not  long  iince,  an  hiflory  of  the  cafe  and  cure  of  a 
violent  fever  performed  and  fent  us  by  Dr.  Cornwall  Tathwell^ 
a  member,  with  many  curious  and  judicious  obfervations  on  the 
ufe  and  effeft  of  the  barkj  and  fahne  and  acid  medicines ;  and 
a  Iketch  with  fome  account  of  an  antient  wooden  church  or 
chapel,  built  of  flocks  of  trees,  at  Greenftead  near  Ongar,  Eflex, 
for,  or  wherein  they  made,  a  refti^ng  (as  it  is  faid)  of  thecorpfe  of 
St.  Edward  the  king,  in  its  way  to  Bury  St.  Edmunds.  How  ? 
good  Mr.  Director,  if  from  Thetford,  where  he  fell  in  battle  hy  the 
pagan  Danes,,  did  then  Greenftead  lye  in  the  way  to  Bury  ?  Our 
^^'  firft 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR,    BIRCH.  413 

firft  parifli  church  in  this  place  on  our  converfion  was  a  Hke  ftruc- 
ture,  and  being  dedicated  to  the  Blefled  Virgin  Mary,  was  called 
St.  Mary  Stockys  ;  but  our  Saxon  ancertors  were  craftier  than  our 
Britifli  had  been  (who  were  yet  as  good  Chriftians),  for  the  Saxons 
turned  out  Venus  our  old  tutelar  Pagan  deity,  and  devoted  her 
temple  to  the  Blefled  Virgin,  as  the  rotunda  of  Agrippa,  the 
fnater  deorum^  was  ferved  at  R.ome. 

With  the  compliments  of  our  Spalding  Gentlemen's  Society, 
they  hope  the  rule  made  long  lince  in  their  favour  by  the  prefident 
and  council  of  the  Royal  Society,  for  their  having  the  Philofo- 
phical  Tranfadfions,  as  they  have  hitherto  lince  had,  will  be 
continued  to  them  by  you,  Sir,  if  publiflier,  they  doubt  not,  as 
you  are  one  of  us  ;  nor  do  I  doubt  if  by  your  brother  fecretary, 
Mr.  Daval,  to  whom  my  humble  fervices,  and  make  our  invita- 
tions to  that  worthy  gentleman  to  become  a  member  accepted  by 
him.  Believe  me  to  be,  dear  Sir,  your  much  obliged  and  obe- 
dient fervaot, 

M»  Johnson. 

CXXXIV. 

Mr.  Johnson  to  Dr.  Birch» 

DEAR  Sir,  ^'^^l,,,. 

Thoueh  it  is  now  a  twelvemonth  fmce  I  was  honoured  with 
your  correfpondence,  being,  I  find,  of  the  like  date  I  acknow- 
ledged, I  thankfully,  as  well  on  our  Society's  account  as  my 
own,  in  one  through  our  ell:eemed  friend  Mr.  Shelvocke's  hand, 
May  9,  1752,,  and  withal  tranlmitted  you  the  Rev.  Mr.  Benjamin  , 
Ray's  (an  eye-witnefs)  account  of  a  large  moving  water  fpout  out 
of  Deeping  Fenns,  read  at  one  of  our  meetings  a  little  before,  and 
the  moft  remarkable  phaenomenon  communicated  to  us,  as  before 

noticed 


414  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    DR.    BIRCH. 

noticed  by  us  to  fome  member  or  other  of  the  Royal  Society,  fince 
Sir  Ifaac  Newton's  time,  when  through  Dr.  Jurin  we  were  en- 
roura8;ed  by  thole  great  men  to  become  correfpondents  with  that 
ilhiftrious  body.  1  now,  Sir,  take  the  occafion  of  congratulating 
you  upon  an  occafion  of  honour  *  you  have  juftly  merited,  and  of 
tranfmitting  you  a  copy  of  a  letter  laid  before  us  at  laif  meeting, 
dated  the  9th  inft ant,  from  Redmarfnall,  near  Stockton  upon  Tees, 
in  the  Biflioprick  of  Durham,  being  an  account  by  Mr.  George 
Johnfon,  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  and  a  member  who  hap- 
pened to  be  within  a  little  way  of  Yarm,  in  the  North  Riding  of 
Yorkfliire,  when  it  happened,  of  the  late  dreadful  inundation 
there.  We  have  had  prodigious  floods  about  us  to  the  great  lofs 
of  the  publick.  I  fancy  you  may  have  feen  an  account  of  Yarm  ; 
but,  as  it  was  fo  very  uncommon,  I  will  give  a  particular  detail  of  it. 
The  fituation  of  Yarm  is  exceflive  low,  furrounded  with 
mountains  on  every  fide.  A  vaft  quantity  of  Ihow  had  lain  on' 
the  hills  on  the  weft  fide,  which  being  fucceeded  by  as  great  a 
downfall  of  rain,  the  whole  mafs  of  water  came  down  upon  the 
town  in  the  night,  fweeping  with  it  herds  of  cattle,  hay-ftacks, 
farm-houfes,  and  many  other  things  in  its  paflage  ;  it  drowned 
almoft  entirely  the  village  of  Nefliam,  having  deftroyed  every 
houfe  in  the  town  except  one,  to  which  all  the  people  reforted, 
and  by  good  luck  faved  their  Uves,  though  with  the  lofs  of  all 
their  cattle  and  ftacks  of  hay  and  corn.  About  one  in  the  morn- 
ing it  came  into  Yarm,  throwing  down  all  the  garden  and  orchard 
walls  that  obftrudled  its  paffage,  and  forcing  its  way  through  the 
windows  of  the  houfes  in  the  middle  of  the  ftreet,  which  the  peo- 
ple who  were  aware  of  it  readily  encouraged,  left  otherwife  the 
whole  houfe  might  fall  ;   thofe  who  perceived  it  coming,   imme- 

•'■  The  Doiftoi's  degree.     In  Janunry  i;;;,,  Mr.  Birch  was  created  D.  D.  by  the  Marifchal  Col- 
lege of  Aberdeen  ;  and  that  year  the  lame  hoiiuur  was  roiit'erred  on  him  by  Abp.  Heri-iiig. 

djately 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    DR.    BIRCH.  415 

diatcly  got  boats,  and'  took  the  people  whofe  hoiilcs  were  low  out 
of  their  windows,  and  waked  all  the  town.  The  alarm  ])refently 
made  them  fenfible  of  their  danger,  and  fome  had  the  good  for- 
tune to  fave  their  horfes  (who  would  otherwife  have  been 
drowned' in  the  ftables)  by  bringing  them  up  ftairs  into  their  houfes. 
The  flood  continued  rifing  till  eleven  o'clock  next  morning,  at 
which  time  the  water  was  five  feet  and  a  half  deep  in  the  lower 
apartments.  The  people  got  up  into  their  iippermoft  rooms, 
where  they  had  the  melancholy  profpedl  of  a  perfedt  fea  in  the 
ftreets,  horfes,  cows,  flieep,  hogs,  and  all  manner  of  houfliold 
goods  floating.  There  was  one  thing,  rather  comical  than  other- 
wife,  happened  in  the  midii  of  this  doleful  fpecftacle;  a.fow  big 
Math  young  had  fwam  till  her  ftrength  was  quite  exhaufted,  a 
wheelbarrow  was  carried  by  the  torrent  out  of  fomcbody's  yard, 
which  the  fow  being  pretty  near,  laid  her  nofe  and  her  fore  feet 
in,  and  fuffered  herfelf  to  be  carried  by  the  flood  till  flie  got  fafe 
to  land.  About  this  time  there  was  a  great  cry  for  provifions  ; 
they  got  fome  from  the  neighbouring  villages  that  htid  not  fuf- 
fered, but  not  near  fufficient.  They  found  the  flood  abated  very 
fall:,  aiid  in  fix  hours  it  was  entirely  gone.  I  went  to  fee  the 
town^the  next  day  ;  the  people  of  all  ranks  were  bufied  in  clean- 
ing their  houfes  and  airing  them.  The  poor  people  who  had  but' 
one  room  below  fi:airs  were  entirely  ruined,  and  thofe  who  had 
fliops  and  granaries  were  much  damaged.  They  made  a  hand- 
fome  colleilion  round  about  for  the  poor,  bvit  the  lofsr  of  the  mer- 
chants is  coiriputed  at  3000I.  One  great  happinefs  is,  110  one 
loft  their  lives. 

We  fo  much  encourage  curiofity  here,  as  to  have  few  fiiews 
of  any  fort  that  come  within  the  Wad  in  their  tours  fcape,  and 
have  had  within  this  week  paft  thofe  great  contrafts  the  Warwick- 
fliire  giant,  feven  feet  three  inches  high,  and  the  Norfolk  dwarf, 
but  thirty-eight  inches,  aged  tv,'enty-four;  Mother  Midnight's 
3  farces, 


4i6  MR.    JOHNSON     TO    DR.    BIRCH. 

farces,  two  equilibrators  and  ch'ien  Jcavant  exliibited  here.  We 
have  done  more  than  I  have  any  where  read  or  Ijeard  of  towards 
an  A.  B.  C.  ylrtium  ^  Scietitiarium,  particularly  in  the  ArchaiJ- 
mus  Graphlcus  way,  and  the  Plag'm  Sculptorian,  Pidiorum^  Sec. 
and  are  now  on  the  marks  and  notes  of  figns,  weights,  and  meafures, 
which  being  much  in  his  way  as  to  the  phyfical  part  at  leaft,  our 
fecretary  has  undertaken,  and  has  been  favoured  with  fome  by 
Dr.  Cornwall  Tathwell,  a  learned  member ;  if  you  have  any  in 
your  colledtion  not  in  print,  of  any  fort,  fliall  be  obliged  to  you 
for  them,  or  to  my  old  friend  Mr.  Daval,  with  my  compliments  : 
I  beg  you  will  notify  our  Society's  to  him,  and  their  being  am- 
bitious of  the  honour  of  enrolling  him  a  member,  as  all  his 
predcceffors  in  the  honourable  office  of  your  brother  fecre- 
taries  have  been  from  our  foundation,  being  chiefly  emulous  of  fol' 
lowing,  though pajilfus  non  aquis^  your  unparalleled  inftitution,  and 
have  this  return  of  the  new  year  had  a  noble  fupply  of  new  mem- 
bers, five  regvilar  and  refident,  and  half  a  fcore  or  more  cor- 
refpondents,  or  honorary,  if  we  may  be  allowed  fo  to  ftyle  ;  fome 
of  each  univerfity,  and  fome  of  London,  two  foreigners,  of 
which  fort  we  had  before  about  a  dozen,  and  fometimes  hear 
from  them,  which  Mr.  Profeflbr  Ward  your  fucceffor  in  the 
diredion  of  the  A.  S.  L.  is  (perhaps  it  may  be)  too  mvich  taken  up 
to  permit  me  from  him  :  however,  my  fervice  to  him  and  all  our 
other  acquaintance.     I  am,  dear  Dodor, 

Your  very  much  obliged  and  moft  obedient  fervant, 

M.    JOHXSOX. 


CXXXV. 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    NEVE.  417 


CXXXV. 

Mr.  Johnson   to   Mr.   Timothy    Neve*,     Fellow    of   Corpus 

Chrifti  College,  Oxford. 

Dear  Countryman,  MaS.'ms-^. 

As  that  has  given  you  the  claim  and  right,  and  your  merit 
fuccefs  and  the  enjoyment  of  a  fellowfliip,  as  I  am  informed,  in 
your  college,  I  heartily  wifli  you  joy  thereof,  and  fo  does  fhe  to 
whom  yet  you  would  not  owe  any  part  of  education  to  qualify 
you  for  the  fame.  But  by  your  birth  here  we  lay  fome  claim 
to  you,  and  at  the  fame  time  I  congratulate  you  on  this  accefs  of 
good  fortune,  invite  you  to  become  a  member  of  our  Gentle- 
mens  Society  here,  whereof  your  father,  my  old  friend,  was 
long  our  worthy  treafurer ;  that  I  may  have  fo  good  a  cor- 
refpondent  in  the  imiverfity  of  Oxford,  and  which  fliall  be  no  ex- 
pence  to  you  farther  than  giving  us  any  book  to  write  your  name 
in  as  one  of  our  fellow  members,  and  leave  that  to  yourfelf. 
Thus  much  I  think,  we  have  fair  pretenfions  to  hope  and  expedt 
from  you. 

That  great  ornament  of  our  country  and  glory  of  this  nation, 
Sir  Ifaac  Newton,  who  was  pleafed  to  be  a  member  of  our  So- 
ciety, advifed  me  to  keep  up  a  correfpondence  as  much  as  might 
be,  as  what  beft  infpirits  all  fuch  inftitutes,  and  our  lituation 
and  lize  cannot  promife  much  ;  yet  it  affords  what  has  been  ac- 
ceptable to,  and  well  accepted  by,  both  the  Royal  and  Antiquarian 
Societies  of  London,  and  I  hope  may  be  fo  to  you  at  Oxford.      At 

*  This  and  the  five  following  letters  arc  printed  from  the  originals,  which  have  been  kindly 
communicated  by  an  anonymous  conefpondent. 

H  h  h  Cambridge 


wjis  MR.   Johnson   to   mr.   Neve. 

Cambridge  we  have,   as  it  is  nearer,   feveral  correfpondent  mem- 
bers ;  the  Dean  of  Rochefter,   and  Dr.  Newcombe  mailer  of  St. 
John's  college,  Dr.  Riitherford,    Dr.  Taylor  now  chancellor  of 
our  diocefe,   Dr.  Roger  Long  mafter  of  Pembroke-hall,   Mr.  Rig- 
d^n   Ffellow  of  St.  John's,   and  Dfk  Philip  Williams  now  redor 
of  Stanton  in  Norfolk,   and  my  fon  John,   who  was  his  and  Dr. 
Rutherford's  pupil,   now  in  deacons  orders,   and  curate  of  Ramfey 
in   Huntingdonlhire,    but  fiill  of  the  fame    college ;     and  from 
whom,  while  there,  we  had  many  excellent  copies  of  Latin  verfes 
and  other  curious  performances  of  the  members  of  that  univer- 
fity  communicated,   as  we  fliould,  Sir,  be  glad  to  receive  any  of, 
any  kind  from  you  now  and  then  occaiionally,   not  to  make  it 
any  inconveniency  to  you,  which  a  letter  once    a    quarter   or  fo 
cannot  (we  hope)  be;  for  remember,  though  you  was  removed  to 
Peterborough  hence  when  young,  this,   Sir,  is  your  native  place, 
this  Society  the  mother  of  that,   and  this  Hill  holds  undivided, 
and  by  the  acceffion  of  yourfelf  now  propofed,  my  fons,   and 
fome  other  young  gentlemen,   it  will  flourifli   more,   having   al- 
ready Ifood  thirty-five  years  fince  its  inftitution,   and  founded  an 
ufeful,  public   lending  library  ;   got  together  a  pretty  collection 
both  of  natural  and  artificial  curiolities  ;  preferved  and  reduced  to 
order  abundance  of  valuable  diflertations,   drawings,   plans,   and 
valuable  papers,    fome  of  which  have  been  i)ublilhed  in    their 
Tranfadlions  by  the    Royal  Society   at   London,  and   others  en- 
tered in  their  regiiters,  and  in  the  regifiiries  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  there.      As  our  rules  are  the  fame  with  thofe  of  Pe- 
terborough,  which  was    founded  on  them,   I  prefume.   Sir,  you 
are  fo  well  acquainted  with   them  as  to  know  we  deal  in  all  arts 
and  fciences,   and  exclude  nothing  from  our  converfation  but  po- 
liticks,  which  would  throw  us  all   into  confufion  and   difcord. 
Our  treaties  of  theology,  bibles,  commentators,  fathers,  and  more 
naodern  divines,  eccleliaftical  hi.ftory,  canon  law,  and  ethics,  arfe 

contained 


M  II.    f  O  H  N  S  O  N    TO    M  R.    N  E  V  E.  419 

contained  and  kept  under  lock  and  key,  in  five  large  clalTes,  and 
one  lefs  in  the  church  veftry,  to  be  ready  for  the  ufe  of  the 
clergy.  Our  claffic  authors,  lexicons,  didlionaries,  grammari- 
ans, in  one  other  large  clafs,  and  one  lefs  in  the  free  grammar 
fchool  for  the  mailer's  more  immediate  ufe.  Thofe  in  law,  hif- 
tory,  antiquities,  Sec.  in  two  large,  and  thofe  in  phyfic,  natural 
philofophy,  botany,  furgery,  chemiftry,  8£c.  in  two  more  large, 
thofe  in  muficin  one  large  clafs  in  our  mufeum  ;  where  our  col- 
lecStion  of  natural  and  artificial  curiofities  are  depofited  too  in  five 
cafes,  all  under  locks,  but  ready  of  accefs  to  any  one  who  would 
ufe  them,  and  Ihall  be  fo  to  you  when  you'll  pleafe  to  do  us  the 
favour  of  your  company  here  ;  ^yho  am.  Sir, 

Your  humble  fervant, 

Maurice  Johnson,  Jun. 


CXXXVI. 
Mr.  Johnson  to  Mr.  Neve. 

DfAR   Sir  Spalding, 

Your  very  ingenious  and  obliging  letter  of  the  1 9th  of  May  I 
received  in  due  time,  and  at  our  meeting  next  after,  on  the  27  th 
communicated  the  contents  to  the  good  company  then  prefent, 
to  whom  I  read  the  Dean's  «■  intended  dedication  to  his  Grace  the 
Lord  Archbifliop  Sancroft ;  than  which  I  never  read  purer  Latin, 
and  for  which.  Sir,  thofe  gentlemen  (whom  it  much  pleafed)  and 
I  return  you  our  thanks,  and  am  by  their  order  to  inform  you 
farther,  that  at  the  fame  time  Dr.  Green,  who  is  my  brother 
feeretary,  and  I,  with  the  aflent  figned  of  Mr.  Rowland,  who 
was  that  evening  in  the  chair  as  vice  prefident,  and  Mr.  Cox  our 

*  Dr.  Hickes  dean  of  Worcefter.     Seep.  4-21. 

H  h  h  2  operator 


420  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    NEVE. 

operator,  propofed  you,  with  Dr.  Focock  my  acquaintance,   Mr. 
Mufcatt  mafter  of  Boilon  Ichool,   Mr.  Zachariah  Brooke,   and  Dr. 
Ilutchinfon,   Fellow  of  St.  Johns's  College,  Cambridge,   and  fome 
other  worthy  gentlemen,   friends  and   acquaintance   of  one   or 
other  of  our  company,   to  be  eledfed  members,   and  according 
to  rules  put  up  again  on  the  3d  of  April  at  our  next  meeting, 
and  all  eleded  by  ballot  and  admitted  on  the  10th,  of  which  I 
wifli  you  and  our  Society  joy  ;    not  doubting,  from  your  inherent 
afFe6tion  to  this   your  native  place,  your  great  candour  towards 
me,  and  the  opportunities  the  Bodleian  and  other  repofitories  may 
furnii"h  you  with,  befides  the  frequent  ingenious  productions  of 
Oxford,  but  you  will  enliven  our  converfe,   and  enrich  our  col- 
lecSlion,  by  a  kind  and  as  frequent   correfpondence  as  may  fuit 
your  conveniency.      The  Aflimolean  abounds  in  many  curious 
papers.      We  are  never  at  a  lofs  to  fend  fomething  worthy  to  a 
learned  friend  from  our  minutes,  of  which  we  are  gotten  into 
the  46th  folio,  numbered  but  on  one  fide,  of  a  fourth  volume  in 
folio,   of  the  Minutes  of  our  A6ts  and  Obfervations,   illuftrated 
with  drawings  and  diflertations,   befides   as  many  difcourfes  and 
eflays  on  all  fubje6ts  as  when  bound  up  will  make  as  many  more 
volumes.      Into  thefe  1  have  caufed  our  regilter  to  infert  by  way 
of  extraft,   but  pretty  fully,   all  in  the  minutes  of  Peterborough 
Society  from  its   foundation,  ib   long  as  your   good    father,   its 
worthy  founder,   was  the   diligent   and   able  fecretary  thereof; 
and  all  the  firft  volumes  of  thofe  of  Stamford  Societas  j^neanafenjis^ 
which  your  father  and  Dr.  Stukeiey,   the  founder  and  fecretary 
of  the  latter,   my  gDod  old  friends,  accommodated  me  with,  as  a 
member  of  both  Societies,  and  parent  of  this  and  thence  of  them, 
who  had  our   rules   and  orders  to  begin  them  upon,    as  many 
other  places  have  had,  whereof  the   fecretary  of  the  Royal  So- 
ciety   *   is    preparing   to    publifh    an    account,    as    they    have 

*  Dr,  Morthnej.     See  the  introdmflion  to  this  volume. 

abroad. 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO     MR.     NEVE.  421 

abrofid,  for  through   Italy  and  Germany  there   is  fcarce  a  town 
of  any  confequencc  high  enough  to  carry  on  any  commerce  but 
is  ennobled  with  a  literary  inlUtute,   and  promotes  knowledge  in 
its  neighbourhood,   and  is  enabled  to  give  a  good  hiitory  of  its 
own  antient  and  modern  Hate,   which  is  a  iatisfailion  to  the  in- 
genious,   and   furnithes    them   with    frequent   opportunities    of 
gaining  and  giving  knowledge,   and  of  improving  and  fliewing 
their  parts  and    application   to   the  Belles  Lettres.      Such  infti- 
tutes  in  England  have  been  fo  rare,  that  ours  here  began  but  in 
1709-10,   and  fixed  our  rules  in  17  12,  whicli  it  has  been  up- 
Jaeld  by  ever  lince,.  is  the  oldeft  we  know  of  out  of  London  and 
the  univerfities  ;   and  we,  being  men  of  private  fortunes,   but  a 
few  of  us,   no  great  neighbourhood,  no  public  library  but  a  few 
old  books  mouldering  over  the  churcli  porch,   had  many  diffi- 
culties to   ftruggle  with,   which  in  time,  by  a  brave  unwearied 
perfeverance  and  diligence,  we  have  quite  fubdued,   and  are  very 
well  accommodated,  and  for  our  numbers  and  abilities  even  much 
better  than  either  the  Royal  or  the  Antiquarian  Societies  in  Lon- 
don,  as  I  Ihall  be  glad  to  have  the  pleafure  to  fliew  you,   Sir, 
whenever  you  will  favour  me  with  your  good  company.     When 
you  are  in  this  fide  of  the  country,   come  and  fpend  fome  time 
with  me,   to  whom  you  fliall   be  heartily  welcome  at  all  times ; 
and  as  an  inducement  to  you,   my  fons,   who  are  always  fome  or 
other  with  me,   are  fober,   bookidi    men.      My  third  fon  John, 
who  has  been  and  fiill  is   curate  of  Ramfey,   w  ill,   I  believe,  ere 
long,   have   that  of  Kirton  in    our  parts,   which    is    better  and 
much  nearer  me;   and  I  think,   as  Dr.  Rutherford  his  tutor  told 
me  of  him,  he  applies  too  hard  to  ftudy.   As  I  was  owner  of  Dr. 
Hickes's  Thefaurus  Linguarum  Septentrionalium,    your  kind  pre- 
fent  of  that  great  man's  intended  addrefs  to  his  admirable  patron 
the  Lord   Archbilhop  Sancroft  was  the  more  acceptable.      Many 
excellent  things  for  pretended  prudential  reafons  have  been  fo 

fupprefied, 


422  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    NEVE. 

fuppreffed,  and  fome  finally  loft.      Mr.  Thomas   Hearne  of  Ed- 
mund Hall  in  your  univerlity  retrieved  fome,   and  gave  us  a  fine 
addrefs  in  pure  Latin  from  Dr.  Ralph  Bathurft  of  Trinity  College, 
dated  November  26,    1654,   to   Dr.   Gerard    Langbain,   provoft 
of  Qu<^cn's  in  your  univerlity,   on   the  Monafticon   Anglicanum, 
in  an  appendix  to  Leland's  Colledtanea ;   and  I  have  amongfl  my 
papers  an   addrefs    in   Latin  MS.  but  extremely  like  print,   from 
Mr.  Edmund  Smith,  long  w^ell  known  in  Oxford  by  the  title  of 
Captain  Ragg^   which  is  very  humorous,   and  I  know  not  if  it 
has  ever  been  printed,  diretfted,  "  Domino  Johanni  Urry,  S."  who 
I  prefume  was  Mr.  Urry  of  Chrift  Church,  editor  of  Chaucer's 
w^orks,  or  rather  from  whofe  tranfcripts  and   collatings   it  was 
publilhed  after  his  death  in  1721.      This  piece  is  without  date, 
but  entitled   "  De  Ode  in  Pocockium,"   and  is  a  fort  of  Gallimau- 
fry, or  Macaronic,  like  Rabelais  and  Tom  Brown's  whims :   but 
why  he  calls  '<  Urry  Halberdarie  ^'  ampliflime ;"  or  fays  to  him 
"  judicii  tui  acumen  fubveritus  magis  quam  bipennis  ;"  or  "  quo- 
"  modo  v^Ztna   Pocockio   fit  vald6    fimilis,"    or  concludes   with 
"  Cito  ad  Batavos  proficifcor,   lauro  ab  illis  donandus,   prius  vero 
"  Pembrochienfes  voco  ad   certamen  poeticum  ;"  I  am  at  a  lofs 
to  know,   or  whether  there  was  any  ode  on  Dr.  Pocockt,    which 
if  there  was,  I  fancy  it  muft  be  written  by  Bidiop  Galtrell,   and 
fhould  be  glad  to  know,    and  if  not  too  long  fliauld  be  glad  to 
have  a  copy  of  it,  though  by  this  odd  fellow  flammed,   having 
a  great  and  juft  efteem   for  his  memory,    and  an  intimacy  and 
love  for  his  namefake  my  fellow  companion  at  the  Mitre.      When 
lalt  I  faw  your  father,  about  fiK  weeks  agone,  he  was  vv'ell,  and 

*   See  the  note  in  p.  414. 

f  The  ode  on  Pocock  was  written  by  Smith  himfelf,  and  is  printed  in  hiswoivks.  "  At  Oxford,  fays 
Dr.  Johnion,  "  as  we  all  know,  much  will  be  forgiven  to  literary  merit  ;  and  of  that  he  had  given 
fufficient  evidence  by  his  excellent  ode  on  the  great  orientalift.  Dr.  Pocock,  who  died  in  i6()t, 
and  whofe  praife  muft  have  been  written  by  Smith  when  he  had  been  but  two  years  in  the  univerfity. 
This  ode,  which  clofed  the  fecond  volume  of  the  Aiufa  Angl'icayia,  though  perhaps  fome  objec- 
tions may  be  made  to  its  l,ntinity,  is  by  far  the  beft  Lyric  compofition  in  that  coUefHon  j  nor  do 
I  know  where  to  find  it  ecj^ualled  among  the  modern  writers."     Edit. 

did 


MR.     JOHNSON     TO    MR.     NEVE,  423 

did  me  the  favour  to  call  on  me  in  his  way  to  Wefton.  All  our 
fociety  dcfirc  their  compliments^  more  particularly  he  who  is 
with  refpedt,  dear  Sir,   Your  affedionate  Iriend  and  lervant, 

Maurice  Johxson,   Junr. 

GXXXVII.  .  .- 

*r)' 
Mr.  Johnson  to  Mr.  NfevE. 

I^^AR  Sir,  jufrr."f;6. 

Yours  of  the  25th  ult.  we  return  you  thanks  for,  and  I  here 
fend  you  the  letter  I  hefore  mentioned,  occafioned  hy  an  ode  oii 
Dr.  Pocock,  as  it  fhould  feem  written  by  Dr.  Gaflrell  ;  but  find- 
ing none  fuch  by  him,  or  any  other  perfon,  wifli  to  have  it  ex- 
plained ;  it  is  written  in  imitation  of  print,  but  whether  it  ever 
was  printed,  or  in  what  book,  we  know  not.  As  it  is  very  hu- 
morous in  good  language,  it  may  give  you  pleafure  : 

"  D°  Johanni  Urry,  S. 
De  Ode  in  Pocockium. 
Opusculum  hoc,  Halberdarie  ampliffime,  in  lucem  proferre  hac- 
tenus  dirtuli,  judicii  tui  acumen  fubveritus  magis  quara  bipennis. 
Tandem  aliquando  Oden  hanc  ad  te  mitto,  fublimem,  teneram, 
biflelem,  fuavem,  qualem  demum  divinus  (fi  Mufis  vacaret)  fcrip- 
iiffet  Gai^rellus  :- ade6  fcilicet  fublimem  ut  inter  legend um  dor* 
mire,  adeo  flebilem  ut  ridere  velis.  Cujus  elegantiam  ut  me- 
lius infpicias,  verfuum  ordinem  et  materiem  brevitcr  referam. 

Primus  verfus,  de  duobus  praeliis  decantatis.  Secuiidus  8c 
teitius,  de  Lotharingio,  cuniculis  fubterraneis,  faxis,  ponto, 
hoftibus,  &c  Afia.  Quartus  &c  quintu^,  de  catenis,  fudibus, 
uncis,  draconibus,  tigribus  &  crocodilis.  Sextus,  feptimus, 
o6lavus  Sc  nonus  de  Gomorrha,  de  Babylone,  Babele,  & 
quodam  domi  fuae  peregrino.  Decimus,  aliquid  de  quo- 
4  dam 


4H  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    NEVE. 

dam  PococKio.  Undecimus  &  decimus  fecundus,  de  Syriii, 
Solyma.  Decimus  tertius  et  quartus,  de  Hofea,  et  quercu,  et 
de  juvene  qviodam  vald^  fene.  Decimus  quiiitus  8c  fextus,  de 
iFtna,  et  quomodo  ^tna  Pocockio  fit  vald^  {imilis.  Decimus 
feprimus  &  odlavus,  de  tuba,  aftro,  umbra,  flammis,  rotis. 
}^ococKio  non  ncgle6lo.  Csetera,  de  Chriftianis,  Otlomanno, 
Babyloniis,  Arabibus,  et  graviflima  agrorum  melancholia,  de 
Coefare  Flavio,  Neftore,  et  miferando  juvenis  cujufdam  floren- 
tijnmi  fato,   anno  getatis  fuce  centefimo  praemature  abrepti. 

Quas  omnia  cum  accurate  expenderis  neceffe  eft  ut  Oden  hanc 
meam  admiranda  plane  varietate  conftare  fatearis.  Cito  ad  Ba- 
tavos  proficifcor,  lauro  ab  illis  donandus  ;  prius  vero  Pembro- 
chienfes  voco  ad  certamen  poeticum.  Vale,  llluftriffima  tua 
deofculor  crura.  Edmund.  Smith.'* 

We  cannot  make  out  the  meanuig  of  this,  but  fancy  from 
fome  Chrift  Church  man  converfant  in  poetry  and  the  tranfac- 
tionsof  that  time,  perhaps  about  15  or  20  years  ago,  though  it 
has  not  any  date  ;  you,  Sir,  might  therefore  mention  it  to 
them,  and  if  you  now  can  Ihall  be  obliged  to  you.  Why 
Ualberdarie'^"  to  Mr.  Urry  ;  nothing  in  the  Ihort  account  of  him 
before  his  edition  of  Chaucer,  as  it  is  called,  though  printed 
after  his  death,   explains  who  publiihed  that  edition. 

We  are  much  obliged  to  you,  Sir,  for  the  kind  prefent  you 
propofed  for  our  publick  library,  of  Dr.  Batteley's  "  Opera  Poft- 
"  huma,"  which  for  the  purity  of  the  ftyle,  and  ingenuity  of  the 
author,  I  much  admire  ;  and  as  it  is  not  among  their  books, 
will  be  very  acceptable.  As  to  the  Antiquities  of  Colchefter  +,  I 
know  not  any  thing  of  that  work,  nor  who  is  the  author  of  it. 

*  The  "  LuciicToiis  An;ilyfis,"  fiift  printed  in  The  Student,  I.  387,  and  fince  tranfcribed  by 
J)r.  tohnfon  in  his  Lite  of  Sniicli,  was  originally  addrefled  to  Mr.  Urry,  who  had  enlifted  himlelt" 
in  the  third  regiment  raifed  in  the  time  of  the  Monmouth  rebellion.  This  exphiiiis  the  expref- 
fiim  Halhcrdarie  ampiijfime.      Epit. 

t  By  Mr.  Morant. 

Among  ft 


M  R.     JOHNSON    TO     M  R.    N  E  V  E.  4^5 

Amongft  the  numerous  propofals  for  publifliing  fent  us,  on 
fcarch  1  find  none  fuch,  and  on  enquiry  of  the  company  at  our 
meeting  could  not  find  that  any  one  had  heard  of  it.  Doubtlefs 
Colchefter  is  very  antient,  and  may  furnifli  much  hillorical 
matter,  which,  if  treated  as  elegantly  and  judicioully  as  Dr. 
Batteley  has  Richborough  and  Reculver,  muft  be  very  ufeful  and 
entertaining.  I  requeil  you,  Sir,  to  make  my  fervices  accept- 
able to  Dr.  Charles  Lyttelton  :  that  learned,  ingenious,  and 
worthy  gentleman  does  us  great  honour  in  permitting  us  to  num- 
ber him  amongft  our  members,  as  approving  of  our  inftitution 
and  endeavours,  whereby  we  Ihew  our  love  to  learning  at  leaft. 

By  letters  laft  poft  from  my  fon  in  London,  he  acquaints  me 
Mr.  Vertue  has,  under  the  dii-e6lion  of  Mi\  Folkes,  begun  three 
or  four  plates  of  ourEnglilli  coins,  perfuant  to  the  agreement  of 
our  Antiquarian  Society,  for  illuftrating  his  tables  lately  pid^lifli- 
ed,  and  fent  me  a  fpecimen,  with  the  method  lately  invented  by 
Mr.  Vertue,  ^^'hich  I  communicated  from  him  to  our  laft  Thurf- 
day  meeting,  of  accurately  taking  off  imprefiions  of  our  coins  in 
a  cleanly  and  ready  maimer,  which  is  thus  :  "  Fold  the  coin  be- 
"  tween  a  piece  of  leaf  lilver  or  filver  foil  as  it  is  commonly  called, 
"  then  fold  it  again  within  fome  thick  foft  paper  once  or  twice, 
*'  and  once  again  within  fome  ftrong  white  paper,  laying  it 
"  down  on  a  table  and  keeping  the  coin  fteady  with  your  left 
*'  hand,  taking  any  thing  that  is  hard  and  fmooth,  and  rubbing 
"  it  hard  till  fuch  time  as  the  imprefiion  appears  through  the 
"  paper  very  plain,  then  turning  the  paper  and  coin  therein  all 
"  at  once,  and  rubbing  it  in  like  manner  on  the  other  fide,  and 
"  you  will  find  the  imprefiions  of  both  the  head  and  reverfe  very 
"  plain  on  the  filver  foil  when  you  unlap  the  papers  :"  as  we 
did  when  we  tried  this  experiment  here  from  thefe  direflions  on 
a  fiege  piece  of  filver  they  defired,  and  we  took  fo  and  fent  thera 
up^  after  which  he  may  draw  and  engrave  the  piece.     This  is  a 

I  i  i  very 


4*6  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    NEVE* 

very  ufeful  method  where  a  man  cannot  draw  and  yet  would  wil- 
lingly have  the  defign,  and  indeed  it  muft  needs  be  more  exacSl 
than  any  man  can  by  the  eye  draw  it  from  the  original.  The 
captain  is  a  good  draughtfman,  and  has  from  Flanders,  when 
there,  fent  us  feveral  drawings,  fome  of  coins.  Though  this. 
Sir,  be  a  mechanical  way,  yet,  as  it  was  approved  by  the 
Antiquarian  Society  when  there  communicated,  I  thought  it 
worth  fending  you,  becaufe  a  few  lines  in  drawing  faves  many 
words  in  writing,  and  gives  a  more  ready  and  lively  idea.  I  in- 
ftru6led  my  children  in  it  at  the  fame  time  I  taught  them  to 
write,  and  if  by  genius  or  application  they  fketch  but  with  a 
pen  fo  as  to  convey  an  idea  of  what  they  intend,  it  is  ufeful, 
without  aiming  at  a  finilhed  piece,  which  demands  great  accu- 
racy and  judgment,  and  is  not  neceffary  but  to  a  profefTed  mafler : 
it  was  fo  flightly,  but  agreeably,  my  late  friends  Dr.  MalTey  of 
Wifbech,  and  Mr.  Falkner  of  Lincoln  College,  drew  ;  and  fo  my 
friend  Dr.  Stukeley  of  Stamford  draws  with  a  pen,  without  fhad- 
ing,  unlefs  with  a  little  Indian  ink  or  foot  wafli,  by  whom,  be- 
ing a  member,  we  have  been  favoured  with  his  minutes  of 
their  Society  there,  wherein  are,  amongft  many  very  curious  acfls 
and  obfervations,  many  remarks  he  made,  in  a  journey  he  took 
to  vifit  Mr.  Gale  of  Scruton,  his  lady's  brother,  on  many  parts  of 
Lincolnfliire,  Nottinghamlhire,  and  Yorkfhire,  which  with  his 
good  leave  I  lay  together  and  extra6l,  but  pretty  fully  and  occa- 
Honally  communicated  at  our  meetings,  much  being  difcovered 
Iince  Camden's  time,  and  many  of  thefe  not  noticed  in  the  addi- 
tions to  his  Britannia,  or  in  the  Atlas  or  other  authors,  and  fome 
of  thofe  in  Yorkfliire  which  have  efcaped  the  mention  of  Dr. 
Heneage  Deering,  Archdeacon  of  Rippon,  in  his  "  Reliquiae 
*'  Eboracenfes,"  a  quarto  poem  printed  at  York  in  1743.  Give 
mc  leave  to  fend  you  here  an  epigram  from  the  fecond  volume 
of  the  Dodor's  Minutes,  p.  596,   made  by  his  brother  Gale  on 

Robia 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    NEVE.  427 

-Robin  Hood's  well,  a  fine  fpring  on   the  road,  ornamented  by 
Sir  John  Vanbrugh : 

*'  Nympha  fui  quondam  latronibus  hofpita  fylvge 

**  Heu  nimium  fociis  nota,  Robine,   tuis. 
"  Me  pudet  innocuos  latices  fudiffe  fceleftis, 

**  Jamque  viatori  pocula  tuta  fero, 
*'  En  pietatis  honos !   Comes  hanc  mihi  Carliolenlis 
"  ^dem  facravit  qua  bibis,   hofpes,   aquas. 

"  Roger  Gale." 
We  hear,  but  not  from  the  Doflor  himfelf,  that  he  is  prepar- 
ing a  defence  of  his   "  Ongines  Royllonianae,"    againft  an  an- 
fwer  to,  or  remarks  thereon,  publiflied  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Charles 
Parkin,  re6tor  of  Oxburgh  in  Norfolk,  in   1744,  ^^^  year  after 
the  Dodtor  printed  it.     The  difpute  is,    whether  a  vault  difcover- 
ed  at  Royfton  in  Cambridgelhire  in   1742   was  the  Maufoleuni 
of  a  lady  named   Roifia,   who  the  Dod:or  contends  caufed  it  to 
be  built  or  made,   and  various  images  therein  rudely   carved  to 
be  cut  in  memory  of  our  princes  and  fome  nobles  of  her  family  5 
or  an  oratory,  and  they  the  images  of  Popifli  faints  only,  as  his 
antagonift  would  have  them.      This  feems  a  dry  fubjedt,   which 
the  Dokflor  has  embelliflied  with  much  hiftorical  learning,   and 
fome  ftrokes  of  imagination  ;  the  redlor  has  here  and  there  been 
arch  upon  them.      A  controverfy  of  this  kind  arofe  not  many 
years  fince,  occafioned  by  what  an  eminent  antiquary  of  your 
univerfity  wrote  about  the  Vale  of  Red  Horfe  ;  and  now  the  wags 
fay,  a  chalk  pit  has  raifed  as  great  contention;   for  fome  will  have 
this  grotto  to  be  nothing  elfe,  which,  though  I  have  not  feen  it,  I 
cannot  believe  ;  but  we  muft  give  men  leave  to  be  merry,  and,  if 
they  make  good  jokes,  laugh  with  them. 

Bifliop  Tanner  I  had  many  years  the  honour  to  be  known  to, 
and  had  fome  correfpondence  with  him  by  letters,  and  was  forry 
when  I  heard  fome  of  his  curious  MS.  collections  intended  for 

I i  i   2  your 


428  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    NEVE. 

your  Bodleian  Library  fufFered  by  water  on  the  way,  which  may 
be  a  miftake,  for  1  think  Mr.  John  Tanner,  precentor  of  St.  Afaph, 
in  his  edition  of  the  Bilhop's  "  Notitia  Monaftica,'*  makes  no 
mention  of  it,  but  refers  to  thofe  MSS.  as  all  in  the  Bodleian  Li- 
brary at  the  conclufion  of  his  preface. 

My  coulin  Walter  Johnfon,  rector  of  Red  Merfhall,  in  the 
diocefe  of  Durham,  with  his  lady,  fon,  and  daughter,  are  with  us 
on  a  vifit  in  their  way ;  llie  paid  a  vifit  to  our  kinfman  Mr.  Lynn 
at  Southwick,  and  there  and  at  AUwalton  too,  where  he  went 
with  Mr.  Lynn  to  wait  on  them,  lately  faw  my  Lord  Bifhop  of 
Lincoln,  and  your  good  father,  my  old  friend,  well,  with  all 
his  family,  which  is  the  laft  I  heard  ot  him,  fave  that  he  was  to 
go  this  commencement  to  Cambridge,  at  his  Lordfhip's  infliga- 
tion,  to  take  his  degree  of  do(51:or  in  divinity ;  but  what  truth 
there  is  in  that  report  I  know  not,  or  that  he  is  to  be  Arch- 
deacon of  Huntingdon.  I  heartily  wilh  him  well,  and  think  him 
deferving  of  any  honours  and  preferments,  as  I  do  you,  dear  Sir, 
being  his  and  your  very  affedionate  friend  and  obliged  humble 
fervant,  M.  Johnson,  Jun, 


CXXXVIII. 
Mr.  Johnson  to  Mr.  Neve. 

■L-'iiAK  OIK,  Feb.  ii,   1746-7. 

Laft  Thurfday  your  good  father  favoured  us  with  your  very 
entertaining  and  ufeful  donation,  Dr.  Batteley's  '*  Opera  Pofthuma," 
which,  with  your  name  as  our  benefadlor  and  brother  member 
inferted,  was  (after  having  been  perufed  by  me,  and  then  view- 
ed by  the  company)  rep6fited  in  the  proper  clafs  in  our  library 
of  the  mufeum;  and,  as  ordered,  I  return  you  thanks.  I  ani  like- 
wife 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.     NEVE.  429 

wife  to  thank  you,  Sir,  for  fuch  part  of  time  as  you  was  fo  good 
to  fpend  with  me  here,  where  you  fliall  ever  be  heartily  welcome, 
and  to  requeft  you  to  acquaint  Dr.  Lyttelton  he  was  according  to 
our  rules  propofed  September  1 8,  and  elected  upon  ballot  Oc- 
tober the  2d  laft,  of  which  I  wifh  rayfelf  joy  in  being  of  two  So- 
cieties with  him.  Probably  Dr.  Bertie  may  not  be  returned  from 
term,  where  I  fuppofe  he  has  been  up,  and  which  ends  not  till 
to-morrow.  Ye  are  our  compliment  at  Oxford  :  at  Cambridge,  as 
nearer  and  more  related  to  our  fchool,  we  have  more  members, 
about  27  of  the  prefent  lift  of  the  R.  S.  and  about  as  many  of  the 
Antiquarian.  Our  friend  Dr.  Stukeley,  an  ancient  member,  and 
beneficed  at  Stamford,  has  lately  obliged  us  with  two  difcourfes 
on  the  remains  of  Croyland  Abbey,  and  an  explanation  of  the 
five  fculptures  in  compartments  of  the  miracles  of  St.  Guthlake, 
and  the  ftatues  of  the  kings  and  queens,  William  the  Conqueror, 
Henry  I.  and  his  mother,  Ethelbald,  Witlaf,  kings  of  Mercia, 
Kenulf,  Guthlak,  Turketyl,  Ingulf,  and  Joffryd  abbats,  St« 
Waldeve  earl  of  Northumberland,  and  Lanfrank  lord  archbilliop 
of  Canterbury,  a  great  friend  to  that  convent ;  attended  with 
very  curious  and  accurate  drawings  done  by  him  in  Indian  ink, 
and  in  a  large  fcale,  the  more  ufeful  as  that  all  prints  extant  of  it 
are  fo  fmall  that   nothing  can  be  made  of  thofe  figures. 

We  fhall  be  further  much  obliged  to  you,  good  Sir,  for  an  expla- 
nation of  thefe  characters  *,  which  are  the  title  or  lettering  as  our 
bookbinders  commonly  call  it,  of  that  beautiful  Eaftern  MS.  in 
folio  given  us  by  Dr.  Heighington,  which  I  had  the  pleafure  to 
ihew  you,  on  the  cover ;  and  thefe  are  the  uppermoft  line  of 
what  we  Weftern  fcribes  call  the  laft  leaf +.  As  near  as  I  can 
draw  them  thefe  characSlers  are  thus  in  black  and  red  I,  which 
red  I  fuppofe  are  the  accents,  the  book  being  fo  marked  through- 

*  Engraved  in  plate  VII.  fig.  4.  t  See  thefe  in  the  fame  plate,  fig.  5. 

J  So  wrkten^n  the  original  letter.    The  accents  are  fiilKciently  diftinguifhed  in  the  place. 

out» 


430  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    NEVE. 

out,  very  fair,  and  well  preferved,  but  to  me  unintelligible.  It 
is  a  folio  on  paper,  written  on  both  iides,  and  feems  antient,  the 
paper  much  refembling  fleek  ikin  or  thin  vellum,  and  taken 
for  fuch,  till  now,  by  clofe  obiervation  and  this  mark  in  it,  I  find 
it  to  be  certainly  paper.  On  the  leaves  before  and  at  the  end  thefe 
marks  (fee  plate  VII.  fig.  6,  7.)  it  has  been  well  bound  in  the  beft 
red  morocco  leather,  and  the  cover  adorned  with  ftamps  of 
flowers  and  foliage  work  on  much  thinner  leather,  enlayed  and 
gilded ;  but,  having  been  much  ufed,  is  almoft  out  of  the  binding- 
It  is  filly  not  to  have  a  name  of  a  book  in  the  catalogue,  fiU 
lier  to  fay  with  the  monk  non  potejl  legi,  and  I  think  worfi:  of  all 
to  give  a  wrong  name  to  it,  which  perhaps  may  have  been  done; 
therefore,  Sir,  ,as  you  may  have  it  in  your  power,  be  fo  good  to 
inform  us  in  this  matter,  and  what  from  thefe  circumfl:ances  and 
the  elegant  illuminations  in  knot  work  before  and  at  the  end  of  it 
in  all  colours,  but  no  gold  or  filver  ufed,  may  be  the  age  of  it  as 
nearly  as  may  be  conjectured.  Our  brother  members  all  join  in 
cornpliraents  with,  dear  Sir,  your  affedlionatc  friend  and  humble 
feryant,  M.  Johnson,  Jun. 

•p.  S.  Pray  let  me  know  if  the  life  of  St.  Guthlake,  written  in 
good  Latin  Hexameter  by  Felix  a  monk  of  Croyland,  be  in  print, 
and  by.  whom  and  when  publiflied  ;  or  if  not,  if  a  MS.  of  it  be 
in  the  Bodleian  Library  ? 


CXXXIX. 


MR.    JOHNSaN    TO    MR.    NEVE.  431 


CXXXIX. 

Mr.  Johnson  to  Mr.  Neve. 
•    Dear  Sir,  mJ^^%^. 

I  pray  make  my  fervices  acceptable  to  Mr.  Dean  of  Exeter,  to 
whom  I  notified  his  being  admitted  a  member  of  our  Gentle- 
men's Society  here  (as  he  defired  by  you),  but  have  not  been  fa- 
voured with  an  anfwer,  and  to  Di'.  Eintey  Bertie,  another  of  our 
members  and  good  friend  of  mine,  when  you  fee  them.  We 
keep  up  well,  and  have  had  a  kind  prefent  from  another  mem- 
ber of  a  quarto  MS.  and  his  memoirs  taken  from  memory  at  re- 
turning home,  from  meetings  of  the  Royal  Society  in  1740  and 
1741,  and  of  thefe  we  read  one  memoir  at  a  meeting;  and  they 
are  very  judicious,  of  variety  of  matter,  and  afford  much  improve- 
ment and  entertainment,  which  every  letter  from  our  few  good 
correfpondents  and  occalional  occurrences  fets  me  in  ftock,  fo 
that  our  Secretary  is  fure  of  fomething  worth  the  hearing  to  read 
to  the  company,  and  making  mention  of  in  our  minutes  of  our 
Society's  obfervations,  whereof  he  is  now  filling  a  fifth  volume  in 
folio,  bound  up  and  indexed,  whereto  when  we  have  indexed 
and  bound  up  our  literary  correfpondencies  elTays,  poems,  and 
differtations,  they  will  make  a  valuable  fet  of  papers,  and  may 
be  of  ufe  to  pofterity  ;  but  we  have  long  ftayed  for  an  hand,,  hav- 
ing as  yet  no  binder  here,  and  thefe  are  a  fort  of  papers  I  never 
thought  proper  to  truft  abroad  to  be  bound,  as  I  did  the  minutes 
of  our  accounts  and  obfervations,  or  they  had  been  bound  up 
ere  this  as  thofe  are,  in  vellum,  and  gratis ;  but  I  hope  to  have 
a  man  do  them  here  under  my  own  care  and  infpedion,  for  I 
5^  think 


43^  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    NEVE. 

think  them  too  great  a  treafure  to  truft  otherwife,  and  when 
bound  not  out  of  the  mufeura  of  the  Society,  but  in  the  Secretary's 
hands. 

If  you,  dear  Sir,  fliould  go  abroad,  I  fliall  hope  thence  for 
the  favour  of  your  continuing  our  correfpondence;  and  whilft 
you  flay  at  Oxford,  hope  to  hear  from  you  when  you  can  fpare 
time,  and  how  my  kinfman  goes  on,  and  thofe  friends  do,  and 
what  elfe  occurs  as  you  think  fit.  Mr.  Smith  of  Woodfton  would 
fain  renew  or  revive  the  fpirit  of  Peterborough  Society,  and  in 
aid  I  fent  him  fome  of  our  minutes.  Here  is  a  Society  forming  on 
a  hterary  defign  at  Bofton,  different  from  a  dividing  book  club 
they  had  there,  wherein  they  bought  pamphlets,  dined  together 
monthly,  and  divided  the  fpoil  at  the  end  of  the  year,  which 
might  furnilh  them  with  wafte-paper  until  a  new  divifion  came. 
We  had  lull  Thurfday  at  our  Society  meeting  an  epigram  on  the 
male  grafshopper,  the  female  of  which,  by  Mr.  Daciefs  note  on 
Anacreon,  is  dumb. 

To  a  Friend. 
The  greatefl  happinefs,  my  friend,  takes  place, 
Not  in  the  human,  but  the  infedl  race  ; 
And  of  the  infedl:  race  the  happier  far 
Is  the  male  of  the  bounding  grafshojiper. 
Not  from  his  fongs  thefe  joys  fuperior  rife, 
For  bards  can  fing,  bards,  honey-bees,   and  flies ; 
But  flies,  bees,   bards,  boaft  not  fuch  gentle  fate, 
The  grateful  iilence  of  a  fpeechlefs  mate. 
By  the  bye,  the  women  fay  the  poet  has  a  wife  indeed,  and  his 
friend  is  a  fufty  old  batchelor  ;  but  I  thought  the  epigram  worth 
fending,  and  am,  dear  Sir,  (hoping  to  fee  you  when  hereabouts) 
your  aflfedlionate  friend  and  fervant, 

M.  Johnson. 

CXL. 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    NEVE.  433 


CXL. 

Mr.  Johnson  to  Mr.  Neve. 

DtTAR     <5iTJ  *   Spalding, 

JJi-AK     3iK,  "May  21,   175}. 

If,  after  a  refidence  in  an  ample  and  opulent  city,  and  having  re- 
vifited  the  feat  of  the  Miifes,  a  natural  afFe6tion  can  induce  you 
to  favour  us  with  your  company  this  fummer,  do  me  the  plea- 
fure  of  fpending  what  you  can  fpare  of  it  with  me  here,  where 
whilom  the  father  of  our  poetry  and  refiner  of  our  language,  the 
pride  of  both  learned  ftreams,  difdeigned  not  to  fmg  among  our 
reeds  and  ruflies ;  it  will  give  you,  I  promife  myfelf,  pleafure, 
Sir,  as  being  a  Spalding  man,  to  fee  how  much  both  our  town 
and  country  environing  are  of  late  cultivated  and  improved,  this  by 
dreynage  and  tilth,  that  by  merchandize  and  buildings  ;  not  that 
we  neglect  the  leaft  lucrative  arts,  who  have  this  day  laid  the 
foundation  of  a  theatre  ereding  for  Herbert's  company  of  come- 
dians in  Crack-pole,  oppofite  the  petit-fchool  there,  under  young 
Mr.  Everard's  inftrudlion,  to  be  threefcore  feet  in  length,  with  a 
tireing  room  for  decking  the  heroes  and  heroines  at  the  end  of  it; 
this  they  are  to  have  the  amicable  ufe  of  thrice  a  year  for  three 
months  immediately  preceding  our  Lincoln  meeting,  which 
races  begin  ever  in  the  firft  week  in  September ;  ours  therefore 
in  the  month  before  them,  when  our  affemblies  and  concerts 
will  be  frequent,  and  our  cockpit  built  odlagonally  in  the  fame 
gamefome  ftreet  will  not  be  uncrowded.  Our  church-wardens,  in 
this  fpirit  of  public  architecture,  being  perfuaded  they  too 
ought  to  do  fomething  for  the  honour  of  God,  and  credit  of  the 
town  with  their  diocefan  and  the  country,  are  new  painting  and 
adorning  the  church,  and  have  reftored  to  our  royal  and  free 

K  k  k  grammar 


43+  MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    NEVE. 

grammar  fchool  the  ancient  feats  thereto  memorially  belonging, 
which  their  immediate  predeceflbrs  had  injurioully  endeavoured 
to  ahenate  and  affume  to  their  own  fpecial  and  particular  ufes. 

Our  Spalding  Gentlemen's  Society  flourilhes  much  ia  an  accef- 
fion  of  many  ufeful  and  worthy   members  and   correfpondents  ; 
and  which    I  am  hopeful  you,     Sir,     as   their    and  my   good 
friend,  will  be  pleafed  to  re-become  one,   that  favour  being  the 
greateft  that  can  be  done  to  our  inftitution  in  Sir  Ifaac  Newton's 
mind,  who  withed  it  well,  and  had  the  experience  of  being  many 
years  Secretary  to  the  Royal  Society,  as  our  friend  and  fellow 
member  Mr.  Birch  now  is.      We  deplore  the  ftate  of  Stamford 
and  Peterborough  Societies,  funk  (as  we  hear)  into  meer  tavern 
clubs,  furely  not  out  of  apprehenfion  of  the  archnefs  of  counter- 
feiters of  Greek  Bouftrophedon  infcriptions,  which  might  have 
imi5ofed  upon  Scaliger,  Grxvius,    Gronovius,   Reinelius,  Fleet- 
wood,  Cumberland,  or  Taylor,  which  yet  Stukeley,  Tathwell, 
and  your  humble  fervant,  whom  them   they  laboured  and  di- 
verted, muft  excufe  ;   for  if  a  gentleman  will  be  at  the  expence  of 
fetting  fuch   up    in  his  garden  in   Bedfordfliire,  or  any  other 
county,   they  are  not  obliged  to  conjedlure   it  was  brought  from 
Tadmor  or  Palmyra,  or  even   from   Greece    Major    or   Minor, 
or  by  whom,  where,  when,  or  on  what  occafion  made. 

You  will  favour  us.  Sir,  in  accepting  all  our  fervices  yourfelf, 
and  in  making  them  acceptable  to  coufin  George  Johnfon,  with 
compliments  on  his  recovery,  and  that  I  fliall  hope  for  his  an- 
fwer  to  my  lait  to  him  at  his  beft  leifure,  and  (if  you  pleafe)  to 
coufin  John  Wingfield  of  Hertford  College,  lord  of  the  manor 
of  Tickencoat  near  Stamford,  a  very  worthy,  well  learned,  and 
ingenious  member  of  our  Society. 

1  long  to  have  Mr.  Wife's  fentiments  of  afmall  copper  coin  itimy 
collection  I  fent  him  an  account  of ;  I  take  it  to  be  a  genuine  one 
of  Caflibelan,  having  a  rough  haired  head  on  one  fide,  the  reverfe 

Goncave, 


MR.    JOHNSON    TO    MR.    NEVE.  4;,, 

concave,  an  elTeda  and  horfe ;  cas  under  them,  which  I  take 
to  be  Celtic  or  of  the  Greek  charadters,  and  protefl  I  made  them 
not,  but  they  remain  all  perfcdly  as  plowed  up.  Neither  Camden, 
5elden,  Cotton  in  Speed,  nor  Gibfon,  have  any  fuch  coin ;  and 
Gale,  Stukeley,  Martin,  and  Squire  have  feen  it  with  admira- 
tion, and  could  make  no  other  conjedlure  about  it.  You  may, 
perhaps,  Sir,  be  better  acquainted  with  Mr.  Wife  than  that 
young  gentleman  ;  and  if  fo,  and  you  have  opportunity,  I  wilh 
you  would  afk  him  his  thoughts  about  it,  with  ray  compliments, 
though  he  may  well  not  remember  me,  who  have  not  feen  him  for 
forty  years  when  at  Oxford,  and  there  then  received  great  civi- 
lities from  his  communicative  courtefy. 

My  fon  the  colonel  has  loft  his  wife,  coufin  Lyon's  fifter, 
and  coufin  BranflDy  her  hufband  ;  her  friends  tell  her,  flie  muft 
repair  the  iofs  with  an  old  acquaintance  of  liis  and  friend  of 
yours,  the  re<5lor  of  Folkingham.  Since  I  faw  you,  my  fon 
Walter  is  married,  and  likely  to  make  me  again  a  grandfather  ;  his 
wife  was  a  Fairfax  of  Fleet  in  this  neighbourhood,  a  good  for- 
tune, and,  what  is  better,  a  very  good  woman  ;  and  it  is  a  great 
fatisfa(5lion  to  us  that  they  are  our  next  neighbours,  living  at 
what  was  Mr.  Ambler's  (my  wife's  father's)  dwelling  houfe,  which 
he  has  fitted  and  furniflied  elegantly,  and  is  in  full  bufinefs. 
All  your  acquaintance  and  friends  here  are  well,  and  much  at 
your  fervice ;  no  one  more  fo  than,  dear  Sir,  your  afFedionate 
friend  and  obedient  fervant, 

M.  Johnson. 


Kkk   2  CXLI. 


436  MR.     WASSE    TO 

CXLI*. 

Mr.  Wasse  to   .  . 


^I^>  AynTitT,  I.....  25,  i72*i 

I  moft  heartily  thank  you  for  the  favour  of  the  MS.  which- 
Mr.  Barrett  the  Banbury  carrier  has  undertaken  fafely  to  dehver. 
He  is  a  perfon  that  you  may  venture  any  thing  of  that  kind  with, 
being  a  man  of  fubftance  and  puniluaL  TertuUian,  if  I  mif- 
takc  not,  formerly  belonged  to  the  Puteani ;  it  is  a  very  good 
copy,  equal  to  any  except  that  of  St.  Agobard,  of  which  we 
daily  expert  a  perfe6t  collation  from  fome  of  the  Benedi6lines 
who  are  iinder  the  diredlion  of  P.  Montfaucon.  Rigaltius  was  a; 
great  mafter  in  the  African  La.tin  ;  but  he  does  not  always  diftin- 
guilli  his  conjectures  from  the  MS.  reading,  fo  that  his  text  is  not 
to  be  depended  on.  Tomorrow  1  intend  to  meet  Mr.  Bridges  at 
Oxford,  and  fliall  give  order  for  a  tranfcript  of  that  catalogue  of 
MSS.  which  was  fent  from  Italy  for  the  ufe  of  Mr.  Selden.  When 
the  books  themfelves  cannot  be  purchafed,  I  (hould  think  it  ad- 
vifeable  to  procure  collations  of  them,  which  would  be  of  infinite 
ufe  to  the  learned  world,  and  would,  mightily  diftinguiili  a  libriry. 
After  Mr.  Brookhufe's  fine  edition  of  Propertius,  there  Itill  re- 
mains fomething  to  be  done  ;  he  feems  not  to  have  feen  your 
MS.  1  cannot  forbear  the  mention  of  one  place  which  he  flicks 
at  without  caufe,  III.  3. 

"  Arma  Deus  Caefar  dites  meditatur  ad  Indo's, 

"  Et  freta  gemmiferi  findere  clafle  maris  : 

"  Magna  viri  merces..     —      —      — 

"*  This  ami  all  the  following  letters  were  communicated  too  Lite  to  come  in  their  regular 
order  by  varioi  s  friends,  vvel;-«  iflijis  to  a  publication  which  tliey  are  pleafed  to  think  ofiervice, 
to  (Jie.  coii\iiiun  cauie  of  iittn.tiL.'e  and  autiijuities. 

**^  Seres 


MR.    WAS  SE    TO 437 

"  Seres  Sc  Aufoniis  venient  provincia  virgis. 

"  Adfuefcent  Latio  Partha  tropoea  Jovi. 

*'  Ite,  agiie,  experte  bello  date  lintea  prora?,. 

"  Et  folitum  armigeri  ducite  munus  eqiii. 
**^  Locus  oblcurus,  quern  ego  nullus  capio :  magnam  ille   a  ftu- 
*'■  diofis  gratiam  inibit,  qui  banc   partem    Romanae   antiquitatis 
*'  illuftraverit ;   nam  latere  rituin  aliqueai  adhuc  ignoratum  fua- 
*'  dent  verba,"  8cc. 

It  appears,  from  a  great  many  authorities,  that  the  conful  was 
prefented  with  one  or  more  fine  horfes  by  the  pubUc  upon  any 
expedition:   they  are   confular   inlignia,    and    are   called  publici, 
Livy   XXX,    17,     "  Munera  qu3e   Legati  ferrent   Regi   decreve- 
*'  runt,  et  equos  duo  phaleratos  militaremque  fupelle6lilem,   qua- 
*'  lem  prasberi  confuli  mos  eflet."     A  favour  of  this  kind  was  fo 
much  in  the  power  of  the  common  people,  that  even  the  dictator 
himlelf  was  obliged  to  procure  leave  to  make  ufe  of  a  horfc,   as 
the  fame  authority  acquaints  us,  xxxiii.    14.   "  Didator  Junius 
*'  Pera,  rebus  divinis  perfe6lis,  latoque  ut  folet  ad  populum   uC 
"  equum  afcendere  liceret."      Tacitus,  An.  xv.    7.     "  Cefennius 
*'  Paetus  Armeniam    intrat  trifli  omine.    Nam  in  tranfgrefTu  Eu- 
"  phratis,   quem  ponte  tranfmittebant,   nulla  palam  caufa'turba- 
"  tus  equus,  qui  confularia  inlignia  gettabat,  retro  evafit."     Equi 
in  Propertius  is  put  for  equorum,  as  Romanus  for  Romani  in  Vir<yil, 
*'  Tu  regere  imperio,"    8cc  ;   for  that  there  were  feveral  of  them  Is 
plain  from  Dionyfuis  and  Appian.    Bionyllus  Antiq.  x.  de  Quindio 
Di6t.   "  'Clq  ^£  ipyvc  riv  {nKHc  T£  au/W  (px'Xy.aoiQ  x:zocr[j^riijJy6;  evTvpsTrhi 
"  Tjr^oc'nyov  j^  Tx  k'K\0L  vro-.^OLama.  ol;  'ut^oteoov  yj  tocv  (3cicri>Jx)/  ixsxoatxr^^o 
*'"  <^-^'/ji  ^^oariVify.txv.'"    Appian.  de  B.  Parthico,  p.  227,  ed.  ToUianx. 
"  "irrTT^^    ^e  twv  i^POLiriyiyMV  ini(^oiV'2^  KUco(7y.rii/.suo;  /S/a  cvvsTtio-jroccrxs 
"•  Tov  r,v;oyiov.,.  sk  to  ^^toov  vzo^vyjoc  n^xvia^^.''      The  Imperator 
often  made  prefents  of  thefe  horfes  to  fuch  as  diflinguiflied  them- 
felves  in  the  field.      Dionyf.  Rom.  Antiq.  vi.  94.   "  i t/V/r^cra/o  aJ-- 
"  Tov   (Marcium   Poilumius)  Ikra  ^oAsufr/J,    ^^(/.rnyim^  ir.iTo.ixoi; 


438  Mr.     VVASSE    TO 


•    •••a    toe** 


(C 


x£)io<7iJ.Y]iJLsvo)"  Capitoliniis  in  Aiitonino,  cap.  4.  "  ClarifTim-um 
"  nominabat  (Adrianus)  qui  et  ei  honorem  equi  publici  lexenni 
*'  detulit."    Infcriptio  Ancyra  G.  Jul.  Severum  ^^ 'st^Ztov  i^rsyTSKoct^s- 

Upon  fecond  thoughts,  it  is  mod  Hkely  that  Equus  here  is  lingu- 
lar, and  called  (7r;;z/>^r  in  contradiction  to  the  fa  oman'L  lam, 
with  great  relpe<fl:,   your  obliged  humble  fervant. 

J.  Wasse. 


CXLIL 

John  War  burton,  Efq.  Somerfet   Herald,  to  Mr.  Gale,  con- 
cerning the  Scotts-dike. 

Ctt,  Wimblcton, 

''^'^>  Dec.  ij,   1723. 

Having  been  abroad  for  fome  time  paft,  I  received  not  yours 
ttill  late  laft  night,  or  had  Iboner  anfwered  it.     The  Scots-dike, 
which  you  defire  to  have  an  account  of,   much  refembles  that 
called  the  Dev'Ws -ditch  on  Newmarket-heath,  confifting  only  of 
a   high-raifed    bank  of  earth,   with    a  trench   running  parallel 
thereto,  and  without  v/alls  or  other  materials  to  fupport  the  fides. 
It  enters  northward  at  a  place  called  IVheelJell^  from  Scotland,  be- 
tween the  rivers  North  Tyne  and  Read,   and  cutting  the  Roman 
wall  at  Bufy-gap,  foon   after  crofTes  South  Tyne,  and  falls  in 
with  the  river  Alone,  the  banks  of  which  being  very  deep,   an- 
fwer  the  end  for  which  the  faid  trench  was  made,  and  fupply 
the  want  of  it  to  the  head  of  that  valley.     Soon  after  it  appears 
again,  and  at  a  place  called  Shorngate-crofs  the  agger  is  very  con- 
fpicuous,  and  is  now  called  the  Scot ts- nick.      Here  it  enters  the 
bifhoprick  of  Durham,   and  points  towards  the  head  of  the  river 
Tees,  which  I  believe  is  the  bordering  and  courfe  of  it  to  Win- 

Jftone, 


MR.    W  A  R  B  U  R  T  O  N     TO    MR.     GALE. 


439 


ftone,   and  that  the  trench   and  bank  which  comes  there  from 
Gatherley-moor,   and  which    your  reverend  and  learned    father 
took,  to  be  the  Ermine-ftreet,  is  the  continuation  of  this  ftupen- 
dous   work,  and  probably  it  runs  much  further  into  Yorklliire, 
if  not  quite  through  it ;   which  o])inion  I  am  the  more  confirmed 
in  from  the  examuiation  of  my  iurvey  books  and  journals  of  that 
county,  which  fnew  fuch  a  like  bank  and  trench  to  break  out  in. 
a  line  to  the  river  Oufe,   and  thence  to  Rotherham ;  and  I  very 
well  remember  that  the  countryman   which  firll  fliev/ed  it  me 
in    Northumberland  told  me  as  much,   and  was  very  defirous  to 
know  the  time  and  ufe  for  which  it  was  made,  wherein  I  could 
give  him  no  farther  fatisfadlion  than  to  acquaint  him  that  I  took 
it  to  have  been   a  boundary  between  the   Britons  and  the  Pidts 
before  the  entrance  of  the  Romans,   for  it  plainly  appears  from 
the  foundations  of  the  walls  built  by  the  emperors  Hadrian  and 
Severus  being  cvit  through  it,   to   be  of  greater  antiquity  than 
either  of  them,  which  opinion  I   am  ftill  more  and  more  con- 
firmed in  from  the  rudenefs  of  the  work ;   and  whatever  beauties 
Mr.  Gordon  hath  difcovered  in  it,   I  can  find  no  more  than  I  have 
before  defcribed,  viz.  a  rampart  of  earth  about  twelve  yards  wide, 
and  a  graff  or  ditch  running  before  it  of  the  fame  dimenfions. 

Neither  do  I  underftand  what  Mr.  Gordon  means  by  calling  this 
piece  of  antiquity  -a.  wall \  nor  can  I  think  that  the  Scots-dike,  after 
fo  long  and  ftreight  a  courfe  as  I  have  defcribed  it  to  have,  would 
make  fuch  an  acute  turn,  and  at  once  change  its  courfe  from 
S.  W.  to  S.  E.  which  it  mull  have  done  to  have  gone  from  the 
head  of  North  Tyne  to  within  four  miles  of  Edinborough. 
From  the  confideration  of  thefe  particulars,  I  am  apt  to  think 
that  the  wall  of  Mr.  Gordon's  difcovering,  is  only  the  continua- 
tion of  the  Ermin-flreet  way,  which  I  myfelf  have  rode  upon 
from  Spittiip-ntcb  near  the  head  of  the  river  Read  in  Northum- 
berland, by  Jedburgh,   Mailros,  Lauder,   Ginglekirk,  Dalkeith, 

which  ; 


440  M  R.    W  A  R  B  U  R  T  O  N    T  O    M  R.    G  A  L  E. 

which  is  within  four  miles  of  Edinborongh ;  and  from  thence  by 
the  Queen's-ferry  to  the  end  of  the  wall  which  the  Romans  made 
in  Scotland,  now  called  Graham^ s-dikcy  in  which  courfe  the  pave- 
ment is  very  untrue,  and  the  ftones  large,  fo  that  fome  unfkil- 
ful  perfons  may  perhaps  take  it  for  the  foundation  of  a  wall ;  but 
that  any  one  verfed  in  antiquity  fliould  do  it,  is  ftrange  and  fur- 
priling  to,  Sir,  your  humble  fervant, 

J.  Warburton. 

tf>  See  Gordon's  map  in  his  Itinerarium  Septentrionale,  whence  it  appears  that 
the  work  here  referred  to  is  called  the  Catrail  and  the  Pi£fs  work  ditch.,  and  feems 
•to  be  diftinft  both  from  the  Scoti-dike  and  Ermine-ftreet.  See  alfo  his  account  of 
it,  ib,  p.  102,  103. 


CXLIH. 

Mr.  Francis  Drake  to  Mr.  Gale,  concerning  the  Roman  High- 
way running  through  Londborough  Park. 

Being  at  Londborough  lafl  week,  I  prevailed  with  Lord  Bur- 
lington to  dig  for  the  Roman  caufeway  in  his  park,  mentioned 
p.  32.  of  my  work.      At  about  19  inches  deep,  through  a  very 

foil  by  the  fide  of  the  canal,   the  workmen  came  to  the 

ftratum,  and  bared  the  whole  breadth  of  it,  which  meafured 
24  feet.  This  is  the  broadeft  Roman  road  I  ever  met  with,  and 
on  it  is  plainly  to  be  feen  the  impreffions  of  wheel  carriages. 
Moft  certainly  this  was  the  great  military  way  mentioned  in  the 
firft  Iter  from  York  to  Pratorium  one  way,  and  crofs  the  Hum- 
ber  to  Lincoln  the  other  :  but  more  of  this  when  we  meet.  My 
lord  propofcs  to  lay  bare  as  much  of  this  road  as  is  in  his  terri- 
tories, and  then  it  may  tempt  fo  curious  a  perfon  as  yourfelf  to 
go  from  hence  to  fee  it.  I  vv^ill  do  myfelf  the  pleafure  to  accom- 
pany you.  I  am,  &c.  F.   Drake. 

CXLIV. 


MR.    GALE    TO    MR.     D  R  A  K  E.  441 


CXLIV. 

Account  of  an  Altar,  or  rather  Pedeftal,  of  the  Goddefs  Britannia 
found  at  York,  printed  in  the  York  Courant,  No.  758,  April 
22,  1740,  and  moftly  extradted  from  two  Letters  that  Mr. 
R.  Gale  wrote  to  Mr.  F.  Drake  on  his  communicating  the 
Infcription  to  him  :  what  is  inclofed  in  hooks  is  Mr.  Drais.e's 
Addition. 

The  ftonc  which  was  lately  found  near  Micklegate-barr  in  this 
city,  is  of  the  grit  kind,  and  is  juft  2  feet  high  and  10  inches 
broad,  and  proves  [upon  fecond  thoughts]  not  to  have  been  an 
altar  ftone,  but  the  bafe  or  pedeftal  of  a  ftatue  [the  lead  where 
both  the  feet  were  fixt  being  ftill  to  be  feen  on  the  top  of  it. 
The  flone  with  the  infcription  is  thus  as  well  as  a  wooden  print 
can  exhibit  it  '*'J. 

There  is  no  difficulty  in  the  reading  except  in  the  third  line, 
where  p  and  the  long  flrokes  [may  puzzle  a  little,  appearing  like 
numerals,  but]  mufl  be  read  posuit  nicomedes,  k  and  c  being 
often  ufed  for  one  another.  The  whole  infcription  will  then  run, 
Britannia,  fandfa.  pojuit  Nicofnedes  AugiiJiorM?i  jiqflrorum  libertiis, 
i.  e.  Nicomedes,  a  freedman  of  the  two  emperors,  erected  this 
ftatue  to  the  facred  deity  of  Britannia. 

The  attribute  oi  Jan£ia  is  very  frequently  beftowed  on  the 
Heathen  deities,  as  appears  by  innumerable  inftances  in  Gruter  and 
other  lapidarian  authors ;  as,  Jovi  fanSio,  Marti  fantlo^  Fortuna 
Jan£ic2^  Ccreri  JanSJce^  8ic.  and  there  is  one  in  the  former  even 
Febri  JanBa. 

But  this  infcription  muft  be  allowed  very  curious,  fince  it  is 
the  only  one  that  deifies  our  Britannia.     There  are  feveral  in- 

*  It  is  engraved  ia  plate  VII.  fig.  8. 

L  1  1  fcriptions 


442  M  R,    GALE    T  O    M  R.    D  R  A  K  E. 

fcriptions.  of  the  deifications  of  other  nations  and  provinces,  par- 
ticularly an  infcription  under  a  ftatue  in  baffo  relievo,  dug  up  in 
July  1731,  at  Middleby  in  Scotland,  about  16  miles  north  of 
Carlifle,  an  account  and  draft  of  which  is  given  in  the  appendix 
tj  Gordon's  Itinerarium  Septentrionale,  and  Horfley's  Britannia 
Romana  p.  192  ;   under  that  image  are  thefe  words, 

BRIGANTIAE    S.     AMANDVS, 

Yon  will  often  meet  with  e  for  af:  in  infcriptions,  and  the  s 
here  may  as  u'cli  be  defigned  for  sAxNCtae  as  sacrvm,  and  then, 
it  will  be  jnft  tlie  fame  as  our  infcription,  only  mutatis  nominil'usy 
except  in  the  dignity  of  the  dedication,  which,  though  the  laft 
does  great  honour  to  our  Brigantine  part  of  this  ifland,  yet  the 
word  Britannuv.  has  the  preference  to  that  of  Briganiue^  as  much 
as  the  whole  nation  exceeds  a  province  of  it.  It  is  great  pity  the 
ftatue  was  not  found  with  the  pedeftal ;  ^ve  then  might  have  (q^v). 
in  what  accoutrements  the  Romans  drefied  this  ftrange  goddefs, 
thofe  oi  Brigontia  being  very  curious,  making  her  a  fort  of  Pan- 
thea,   as  may  be  feen  in  the  cuts  of  it  in  the  recited  authorities. 

It  is  not  eafy  to  guefs  which  of  the  Augujii  thefe  were  upon  the 
Micklegate  ftone  from  any  thing  elfe  upon  it,  and  confequently 
we  muft  be  ftrangers  to  the  time  of  its  ereilion.  The  letters  ae 
conjoined  are  not  very  ufual,  [there  being  but  one  inftance  of  it 
in  all  Horfley's  infcriptions,  but  few  in  Gruter,  and  none  of  them 
in  the  earlieft  times*.  We  can  only  conjecture  that  the  Em- 
perors meant  here  were  Severus  and  his  fon  Caracalla,  from 
their  longt  refidence  at  York  or  in  the  ifland,  and  that  this  Ni- 
comedes,  a  manumifed  ilave  of  theirs,  out  of  gratitude  for  re- 
ceiving his  freedom  here,  eredled  this  ftatue  to  the  facred  genius 
of  Britain  X.      If  this  is  allowed,   and  it  cannot  be  far  otherwife, 

*  We  muft  not  fuppofe  the  a  and  e  are  conjoined  to  form  the  diphthong  a:,  which  appears 
to  have  been  unknown  to  the  Romans  in  ail  their  manners  of  writing,  but  on'y  to  have  been  a 
tiexus  I/teraium,  asinthetwo  N'sinthe  word  eritanwia,  and  the  des  in  mcomedes  on  this 
(lone.     R.  G. 

f  ThcT  refidence  here  wis  about  three  years. 

}  'ro  the  goddeis  Tritannia. 

I  then 


MB-..    D.RAK:E;.  ON:  A  .G;QLI2)   COIN-.  443; 

then  this  ftone  bears  tlic  age  of  1500  years  ami  upwards,,  ami  is. 
another  argument  of  the  prillinc  glory  of  the  ancient  Eboracum, 
in  thofe  days  the  capital  of  the  illand  of  Britain.] 


CXLV. 

Mr.  Francis  Drake's  Account  of  a  Gold  Coin  of  Constantius 

jun.   found  at  York.. 

SlR>  April  rr,  173^. 

Two  days  ago  there  was  found  in  digging  a  cellar  very  near 
Gufebridge  on  the  Weil  a  gold  coin  in  very  high  prefervation, 
an  Emperor's  head  full-faced  with  a  helmet  on,  the  buft  in  ar- 
mour, and  a  fpear,  or  rather  a  miffive  dart  in  his  right  hand, 
the  legend  fl.  ivl.  constantivs..  perp.  avg.  On  the  reverfe 
a    prieft  and  prieftefs    fitting,    holding   between  them  a  votive 

VOT 

tablet,    infcribed  as  ufual    ^^vxt  i-inder   the  tablet  a  flar,    and 

xxxx 
round  it  gloria  reipvblic.4^  ;  on  the  exergue  K0X8!SV, 

This  coin  I  was  in  hopes  of  being  matter  of  for  a  fmall  matter 

above  its  weight,  but  Mr.  Selby  was  before- hand  with  me.     I 

fuppofe  it  mull  be  a  coin  of  Conftantius,   the  fon  of  Conftrintine 

the  Great,  flruck  at  Gonllantinople,  as  appears  by  the  exergue. 

F.  Drake. 


L  1 1  a  CXLVI, 


444  MR.    ROUTH    ON    A    TUMULUS. 

CXLVI. 

Mr.  Thomas  RouTH,  of  a  Tumulus,  near  Elenborough  in  Cum- 
berland, to  Mr.  Gale. 

Sir, 

Laft  week  an  account  was  fent  me  that  Mr.  Senhoufe  of  Nether- 
hall  had  ordered  a  tumulus  or  mount  of  earth,  which  lies  about 
60  yards  eaftward  of  the  fort  at  Elenborough,  to  be  fearched  into, 
in  hopes  of  meeting  with  fomething  remarkable  ;  the  mount  is 
about  five  yards  in  height,  and  confifts  of  feveral  different  ftrata. 
They  began  at  the  circumference  level  with  the  ground,  and  cut 
to  the  center,  in  the  nature  of  a  profile.  The  firll:  layer  at  bot- 
tom v/as  found  to  be  turf  fet  edgeways,  about  two  feet  high, 
with  breckens*,  which  had  formerly  grown  upon  it,  feemingly 
frefli.  The  fecond  was  whitifii  clay  three  quarters  of  a  yard, 
the  next  was  of  blue  near  a  yard,  a  difference  of  half  a  yard  made 
a  fourth,  above  that  lay  a  plate  of  metal t,  which  begun  at  the 
ftrata  of  white  clay,  and  was  carried  obliquely  up  the  fides  till  it 
went  off  horizontally  at  an  acute  angle  between  the  fourth  and 
fifth  ftrata,  the  whole  fomewhat  refembling  a  cap,  above  the 
plate  was  a  fecond  layer  of  blue  clay,  and  the  fixth,  which  made 
the  top  of  the  hill,   was  pure  earth. 

Having  cut  avi^ay  half  the  mount  without  meeting  with  what 
they  might  hope  for,  they  thought  it  needlefs  to  proceed  any 
further.  I  fliould  have  been  extremely  glad  that  this  their 
fearch  had  better  anfwered  their  expectations. 

I  am,   Sir,  yours,   &c. 

Thomas  Routh. 

*  Fern. 

f  What  is  here  called  metal  wm  hard  red  cemenf,  as  appeared  by  a  piece  of  it  fent  to  rne  by 
Mr.  Roiuh.  R.  G. — Another  tumulus  at  the  fame  diftance  S.  W.  of  the  fort  was  opened  by- 
Mr   Senhoufe  about  1763-     See  Mr.  Archdeacon  Head's  acccunt  in  Archaeologia,  II.  54. 

CXLVII. 


MR.    ROUTH's    ACCOUNT    OF    RUINS,  445 


CXLVII. 

Mr.  Routh's   Account  of  Rnins  lately   difcovered  at   Pap  Cajile 

in  Cumberland. 

Jan.  16,  1741-J. 

As  to  the  ruins  at  Pap  Caflle,  I  made  as  particular  enquiry  as 
I  could  of  the  man  in  whofe  grounds  they  were  difcovered,  and 
of  fome  of  his  neighbours  who  were  prefent  at  the  finding  them. 
The  clofe  in  which  they  lay  is  a  little  to  the  Southward  of  the  fort 
on  the  declivity  of  the  hill  towards  the  river,  and  is  bordered'  on 
the  Weft  by  a  narrow  lane,  probably  the  via  militaris  continued, 
and  is  ul'ually  fliewn  to  ftrangers  as  a  place  the  moft  remarkable 
here  for  finding  Roman  coins. 

Thefe  were  the  largell:  ruins  ever  known  to  be  difcovered  in 
thefe  parts  ;  for  they  met  with  three  walls  befides  the  pavement; 
the  firil:  laid  Eaft  and  Welt,  was  covered  with  earth  nigh  a  foot 
high ;  parallel  to  it,  at  the  diftance  of  above  feven  yards,  they 
found  a  fecond  ;  between  thefe,  about  two  yards  deep  (the 
height  of  the  walls  which  were  fix  yards  broad  and  ftrongly  ce- 
mented), they  came  to  a  pavement  curioufly  laid  with  large 
flags  three  quarters  of  a  yard  fquare  and  two  or  three  inches  thick, 
as  I  meafured  them^  but  imagining  money  muft  have  been  hid 
there,  they  covered  it  up  again  till  night,  when  they  tore  it  all 
up  again  as  far  as  they  h  )d  opened  it.  It  was  compofed  of  flags 
of  a  different  thicknefs ;  under  the  thinner  was  found  a  coarfe 
ftrong  cement,  which  has  caufed  all  thefe  to  be  broken  in  the 
taking  up,  whereas  the  thicker  are  pretty  entire.  Part  of  the 
"wall  flood  upon  the  floor,  and  the  edge  was  fecured  by  a  fine  red 
cement  two  inches  thick,  which  they  fuppofed  was  intended  to 
keep  the  floor  dry.      They   imagine   they  were  at    a   corner  of 

the. 


44«         MR.    ROOTH'^S    ACCOUNT    QF    RU?TNSL 

the  building,  the  third  wall  {landing  at  right  angles  with  the- 
firft  an<l  fecond,  and  parallel  to  the  llony  lane,  upon  which  was 
an  old  hedge.  Upon  the  floor  they  found  a  fort  of  a  ftone 
trovigh,  or  rather  bale  of  a  pillar,  about  a  foot  high,^  the  hol- 
lowed p;nrt  fquare  and  two  inches  deep.  In  digging  they  like- 
wife  met  with  a  fraall  earthen  veflel,  which  I  procured,  of  fine 
red  clay,  beautifully  fmcoth,  with  letters  impreit  on  the  bottom, 
but  fo  defaced  as  not  to  be  intelligible.  The  people  called  it  a 
faltfeller  from  its  fliape.  Some  years  ago  this  man's  father,  who 
found  thefe  ruins,  dug  up  a  conduit  at  the  place  marl<.ed  m  the 
plan.      Sc^  plate  VII.  fig.  9. 

The  owner  had  no  coins  when  I  faw  him,  nor  knew  of  any 
that  had  been  dug  up  there  for  forae  time.  I  was  fliewn  a  large 
brafs  piece  by  one  of  his  neighbours,  but  it  was  fo  corroded  that 
not  the  lead  impreffion  could  be  difcerned.  They  both  pro- 
mifed  me  faithfully  to  procure  and  preferve  for  me  whatever 
coins  fliould  be  found  here. 


CXLVIII. 


Extract  of  a  Letter  from  Mr.  Routh  to  Mr.  Gale,  on  a  Roman 
fibula,  and  a  coin  of  Trajan  found  atCarlifle,  and  a  gold  coin 
of  Nero  found  at  Elenborough.  1 


Carlifle, 
April  13,  1743, 


Laft  week,  in  digging  a  pit  to  receive  the  water  of  a  drain  from 
a  cellar  in  the  gardens  of  Jerom  Tully,  Efq.  in  this  city,  at  the 
depth  of  between  three  or  four  yards,  there  was  found  a  Roman 

fibula 


M  R.     R  O  U  T  H    TO    M  R.,    GALE.  447 

fibula  and  a  medal,  and  likewife  two  oaken  pieces  of  the  join- 
ing timber  of  a  houfe  which  appeared  to  have  been  burnt.      The 

head  on  the  medal  is  of  frajan^  the  letters  left  round  it 

lANO  AVG  . . .  P  M.  and  others  defaced;  on  the  reverfe  is  the 
Emperor  feated  on  a  pile  of  arms  with  a  trophy  erected  before 
him,  the  legible  letters  being  s.p.q^r.  opti.  in  the  exergue  s.  c 
The  earth,  nigh  as  far  as  they  dig,  is  all  forceil,  which  is  the 
reafon  that  few  or  no  pieces  of  antiquity  are  met  with  here,  ex- 
cept they  dig  to  a  confiderable  depth.  The  figure  of  the  fibula 
is  below,      [plate  VII.  fig,  10.] 

A  gold  coin  of  Nero  found  about  two  years  ago  at  Elenborough, 
on  the  fea  fliore  within  flood  mark,  bears  Nero's  head,  with 
NERO  CAESAR  AVGVSTvs  about  it :  the  reverfe  is  the  Emperor, 
and  an  Emprefs,  with  the  infcription  avgvstvs  Sc  avgvsta. 

Tho.  Routh. 


CXLIX.. 

Dr.  Stukeley    concerning  Mr.   Horsley  and  his    "  Britannia 

Romana." 

Grantham, 
Feb.  4,   1728. 

I  thank  you  for  fending  Mr.  Horfley  to  me.  I  have  read  his 
name  in  Ay nl worth's  *'  Catalogus  Woodwardianus."  He  called 
on  me,  and  fpent  the  evening  with  me  in  my  mufeum,  which  he 
was  much  delighted  with,  as  well  for  the  pleafantnefs  of  the 
profpedt  as  the  order  and  difpofition  of  the  furniture.  We  had 
a  world  of  difcourfe  about  his  defign.  I  am  of  opinion  he  has 
hit  upon  the  true  way  of  accommodating  the  Notitia  Imperii  to 

the 


448         DR.    S  T  U  K  E  L  E  Y    TO    MR.    H  O  R  S  L  E  Y. 

the  Linea  Valli^  and  that  others  have  begun  at  the  wrong  end.  As 
for  inftance,  he  affirms  I'unocelum  to  be  Boulnels,  not  Tinmouth, 
where  the  antiquarian  tide  hitherto  without  impediment  has  car- 
ried it.  Upon  conlidering  the  matter,  I  find  that  Baxter  cor- 
red\s  it  rightly  into  'Tunocenon,  and  Ravennas  confirms  it  by  his 
writing  it  JuUocenon^  but  from  the  /  prefixt,  I  correct  it  a  httle 
further  into  Itunocenon,  and  I  doubt  not  at  all  but  that  it  is  the  true 
reading,  whence  it  plainly  fignifies  liuna  fluvii  qftiwiit  well  appli- 
cable to  Boulnefie.  There  are  other  matters  of  this  nature  which 
I  have  confidered,  but  wait  for  his  book.  I  hope  you  and  I  be- 
fore we  die  Ihall  travel  over  the  Pi6ls  wall  again  together,  and 
with  more  accuracy.  I  had  prepared  a  vaft  coUeilion  towards  a 
Gruterus  Britannicus  *;  but  when  I  had  fet  myfelf  to  look  over 
fuch  things,  a  rap  comes  to  the  door  for  me  to  go  perhaps  a  mile 
off,  and  my  fortune  will  not  fupport  me  handfomely  without 
fome  little  bufinefs,  and  that  makes  me  at  prefent  very  remifs 
in  thefe  affairs.     I  am,  dear  Sir,  yours,   &c. 

W.  Stukeley. 


CL. 

Extract  of  a  Letter  from  Sir  John  Clerk  to  Mr.  Gale,  concern- 
ing a  Charader  of  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  Bifliop  Burnet's  "  Hif- 
tory  of  his  Life  and  Times,"  and  an  account  of  an  Eflay  on  the 
Highland  Language. 

Edcnborough, 
Feb.  13,  i73i-3' 

I  was  mighty  forry  to  hear  that  our  good  old  friend  the  earl 
of  Pembroke  was  among  the  number  of  our  dead  acquaintances. 

*  This,  or  a  rough  Iketch  of  it,  is  now  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Gough. 

We 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE. 


449 


We.  have  loft  here  all  our  very  old  people  and  fome  very  weak 
children,  but  nobody  elle,  in  the  late  general  diftemper  *.  The 
earl  was  certainly  a  liarmlefs  worthy  man,  and  had  been  a  great 
promoter  of  virtue  and  learning.  I  wiili  hisfacceflbr  may  prove 
no  worfc,  and  that  he  would  take  care  of  the  many  valuable 
things  which  my  friend  his  father  left  behind  him.  Pray  be  lb 
kind  as  to  let  me  know  what  you  expei5l  of  him.  I  have  not 
the  honour  to  know  him,  but  was  informed  when  1  was  in  Lon- 
don that  he  had  an  excellent  tafte  for  aicbitedfure. 

I  return   you  a  thoufand  thanks  for  the  account  yon  fent  me 
of  the  infcription  at  Netherby.      Your  opinions  in  thefe  matters 
are  my  ultimatum  ;   for  nothing  can  be  added  to  the  ingenious 
diflertation  +  you  have  fent  me  on  this  fubjeif.      Every  day  I  look 
upon  fuch  things  I  cannot  but  refled:  how  wonderfully  we  are 
obliged  to  the  Romans  who  left  us  fo  much  for  our  entertainment, 
and  have  many  times  wifhed  that  we  might  do  more  of  this  kind 
for  the  entertainment  of  our  pofterity  than  commonly  we  do. 
It  were  likewife  much  to  be  wiflied,  that  fome  military  men  in 
our  days  had  as  great  a  regard  for  the  Eternal  and  Almighty  Being 
as  they  had  ;  but  I  am  afraid  an  army  of  Proteftants  might  travel 
through  the  whole  world  without  leaving  one  monument  behind 
them  whether  or  not  they  had  been  Chriftians. 

I  much  rejoice  to  hear  that  Bifliop  Burnet's  fecond  volume 
is  to  be  fliortly  printed.  I  propofe  great  entertainment  from  it, 
as  being  in  fome  things  a  newer  kind  of  romance  than  I  can 
meet  with  elfewhere.  Pardon  me  if  I  think  my  worthy  country- 
man had  a  great  dalh  of  the  old  woman  in  his  connx)lition  :  he 
had  likewife  fomething  of  Tom  Gordon's  pride,  and  our  friend 
Sandy  Gordon's  weaknefs  and  want  of  judgment. 

*  An  epidemical  cold  that  fpread  itfclf  all  over  Europe  at  that  time.  R.  G.  as  in  the  months 
of  May  and  June  of  this  prefent  year  1782.     Edit. 

+  This  diflertatioa  was  the  fubjcit  of  two  letters  to  Mr.  Robert  Cay,  December  i8,  1735,  and 
January  jj,  1733. 

M  m  m  There 


4^  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO      R.    GALE. 

There  is  an  eflay  printing  here,  demonftrating  that  our  High- 
land language  is  the  true  Celtic,  and  that  many  Greek  and  Latin 
words  are  derived  from  it.  The  difcoveries,  I  own,  are  pretty 
curious  ;  but  the  authority  carries  the  point  a  little  too  far,  by 
pretending  that  the  Celtic  is  more  antient  than  the  Hebrew. 
When  it  comes  out,  I  will  be  fure  to  fend  it  to  you.^  Some  things 
you  will  think  too  fur  driven,  and  other  things  admirable  for 
their  correfpondence  with  our  prefent  Celtic. 

I  am,  dear  Sir,   yours, 

J.  Clerk; 


CLL 

Mr.  Lethieullier  to  Mr.  Gale,  giving  an  Account  of  a  Roman 
Pavement  at  Wanfted  Park  in  Eflex. 

Ctb  July  II, 

^IR>  1735- 

Though  my  attendance  in  the  country  at  this  feafon  of  the 
year  will  not  permit  me  to  be  prefent  at  the  weekly  meetings 
of  the  Society  at  the  Mitre,  yet  1  Ihall  have  the  greateft  refpedt 
for  it,  and  be  glad  on  all  occafions  to  do  what  lies  within  the 
compafs  of  my  poor  abilities,  either  to  promote  the  end  of  its  infti- 
tution,  or  entertain  the  gentlemen  who  compofe  it. 

As  I  remember,  there  is  only  a  flight  memorandum  in  the 
great  drawing  book  relating  to  a  Roman  pavement  difcovered 
about  twenty  years  ago  in  Sir  Richard  Child's  (now  earl  Tylney's) 
park  at  Wanfted  in  ElTex ;  as  the  whole  is  now  obliterated,  and 
the  face  of  the  ground  fo  much  changed,  that  a  curious  enquirer 
muft  afk,  Ud!  'Troja  fuit  ^  I  hope  the  following  account  of  it 
will  not  be  thought  an  intrufion  ujion  your  time. 

The 


MR.     LETHIEULLIER    TO    MR.    GALE.         451 

The  occafion  of  this  difcovery  was  the  digging  holes  for  an 
avenue  of  trees  from  the  gardens.  Mr.  Adam  Holt,  the  gardener, 
perceiving  feveral  of  the  teflerie  thrown  up,  foon  conjectured 
what  he  was  upon,  and  earneftly  endeavoured,  though  in  vain, 
to  obtain  leave  to  lay  it  quite  open  :  however  he  examinetl  it  fo 
far  as  to  find  that  its  extent  from  north  to  fouth  was  about 
twenty  feet,  and  from  eaft  to  weft  about  lixteen  ;  that  it  was 
compofed  of  Imall  fquare  brick  telTerae  of  different  fiz£:s  and 
colours,  as  black,  white,  red,  8cc.  of  all  which  I  have  fpe- 
cimens. 

That  there  was  a  border  about  a  foot  broad  went  round  it, 
compofed  of  red  dice,  about  |  of  an  inch  fquare,  within  which, 
were  feveral  ornaments,  and  in  the  middle  the  figure  of  a  man 
riding  upon  fome  beaft,  and  holding  fomething  in  his  hand ; 
but  as  he  opened  it  only  in  a  hurry,  and  in  different  places,  he 
was  able  to  give  no  better  account  of  it. 

There  was  then  found  a  filver  coin,  but  of  what  Emperor 
I  have  not  been  able  to  learn,  and  one  of  the  fmall  brals  of  Valens, 

DN  VALENS  PF    AVG 

Reverfe,     secvritas  reipvb 
Exergue,  lvg.  p. 

no^v  in  my  poflefilon,  which  are  all  the  coins  or  ot,her  antiqui- 
ties that  were  ever  found  at  this  place,  at  lealt  to  my  knowledge. 
I  have  frequently  vifited  it  (once  I  think  with  you,  when  you 
favoured  me  with  your  company  at  Alderfbrook)  and  have  found 
not  only  many  of  the  aforefaid  telTerae,  but  feveral  pieces  of 
large  Roman  brick,  fome  hollowed,  probably  for  gutters. 

This  pavement  was  fituated  on  a  gentle  gravelly  afcenc  to- 
wards the  north,  and  at  a  fmall  diftance  from  the  fouth  end  of 
it  I  remember  a  well  of  exceeding  fine  water,  now  abforbed  in 
■a  great  pond :  from  this  well  the  ground  rifcs  likewife  toward 
the  fouth  till  it  comes  to  a  plain,  which  extends  a  confiderable 

M  m  m  2  way, 


452  MR.    LETHIEULLIER    TO     MR.    GALE. 

way,  and  is  now  my  warren,  but  by  tradition  was  once  covered 
with  wood.  On  the  brink  of  this  very  plain,  and  about  300 
yards  due  Ibuth  from  the  laid  well  and  pavement,  there  were 
in  my  memory  the  ruins  of  foundations  to  be  feen,  though 
now  deliroyed  by  planting  trees  round  the  jiark  pales;  the  mounds 
about  them  having  been  fmce  levelled,  has  raifed  the  ground 
very  much. 

The  place  where  this  antiquity  was  difcovered  is  a  part,  as  I 
faid  before,  of  Earl  Tylney's  park,  which  lies  on  the  fouth  fide 
of  his  gardens,  and  is  bounded  to  the  fouth  by  my  eftate  at  Al- 
derfbrook,  a  part  of  which  it  ^vas,  till  King  Henry  VIII.  in- 
clofed  it  within  his  new-made  park,  as  the  words  in  his  grant  to 
my  predeceflbrs  exprefs. 

As  it  both  is,  and  probably  ever  was  a  retired  corner,  no 
veftigia  of  camps,  roads,  or  other  Roman  antiquities  near  it, 
this  pavement  can  hardly  be  prefumed  to  have  been  the  floor  of 
a  praetorium,  or  a  Roman  general's  tent,  as  many  of  them  doubt- 
lefs  were.  Will  it  bear  the  face  of  a  tolerable  conjedlure,  there- 
fore, that  the  aforefaid  ruins  were  the  foundations  of  a  Roman 
villa,  the  retirement  perhaps  of  fome  inhabitant  of  Londinumf 
which  is  fcarce  fix  miles  diftant ;  or  of  Durolitum,  which  is 
hardly  three,  if  Low  Leighton  be  allowed  to  have  been  that 
llation  ? 

The  foil  thereabout  is  dry  and  inviting,  the  opening  to  the 
fouth,  and  diredly  oppofite  to  ShooterVhill  in  Kent,  very  agree- 
able and  pleafing.  The  aforementioned  fpring  or  well  might 
perhaps  induce  the  owner  to  make  a  walk  or  garden  down  to  it, 
and  the  pavement  be  of  the  banqueting-houfe  or  room  for  en- 
tertainments, which  terminated  his  view. 

That  luxuries  of  this  nature  were  introdviced  into  Britain  will 
not,  I  believe,  be  denied,  but  I  fear  I  go  too  far  with  my  con- 
jectures and  your  patience ;  perhaps  the  Natale  Solum  prevails, 

and 


MR.    L  E  T  H  I  E  U  L  L  I  E  R    TO    MR.    GALE.        453 

and  the  fLiiicy  that  a  fituation  and  country  I  love  was  approved 
as  plealant  1200  years  ago,  may  be  the  only  foundation  of  thefe 
eonjedlures.  I  fubmit  this,  and  every  thing  elfe  to  your  fuperior 
judgement,,  and  beg  you  would  fupprefs  or  communicate  it  to 
the  Society,  which  you  think  moft  proper,  being. 

Sir,  your  moft  humble  fervant. 

Smart  Lethieullier^ 

N.  B.  This  letter  was  read  before  the  Antiquarian  Society  the 
17th  of  July,    17  35- 

(^  See  the  Archaeologia,  Vol.  L  p.  73-,  for  another  Letter  on  the  above  lubjeft 
from  Mr.  LcthieuUier  to  Dr.  Lyttelton,  wherein  this  Letter  is  referred  to. 


CLIL 

Some  Reaibns  why  Conftantine  the  Great  could  not  be  born  in 
Britain,  read  before  the  Antiquarian  Society  at  London,  July 
S>    1736?  by  Roger  Gale  *. 

At  the  laft  meeting  of  the  Society,  I  chanced  to  fay,  it  was 
very  improbable  that  the  emperor  Conftantine  the  Great  was 
born  in  Britain  ;  which  being  received  by  fome  of  the  company 
Hke  a  paradox,  I  fliall  now  give  my  reafons  for  that  opinion,  in 
a&  brief  a  manner  as  the  fubje(51:  will  permit,  and  fubmit  them  to 
every  unprejudiced  hearer  ;  and  firfl^  I  fliall.  offer  thofe  that  are 
founded  upon  a  chronological  view  of  the  times  when  he  and 
his  father,  Conftantius  Chlorus,  lived,  which,  I  think,  will  fet 
the  matter  in  a  clear  light : 

*  The  fubftancc  of  this  paper  was  publiflied  by  Mr.  Morant  in  his  Hiflory  of  Colchefter,  B.  L 
4  2,  p.  ig,  who  faja  it  was  addreflcd  as  a  letter  to  N»  Salmon,^ 

Conftantius 


454     MU.   GALE   ON   CONSTANTINE   THE  GREAT. 

Conftantius  Chlorus  was  born        -  -  A.  D.  250 

Conftantine  the  Great  -  -    '        -  -  272 

Conftantius  Chlorus  was  fent  into  Britain  againft 

Caraufius  -----  292  * 

So  that  Conftantine  the  Great  was  20  years  old  when  his  fa- 
ther came  into  Britain  t,  and  confequently  it  is  highly  improba- 
ble that  he  fliould  be  born  there. 

Thofe  that  would  have  Britain  to  be  the  place  of  his  nativity 
are  forced  to  fuppofe,  though  without  any  authority,  that  Con- 
ftantius came  a  foldier  into  this  iiland  under  AurelianJ,  after- 
wards emperor  ;  but  no  Roman  hiftorian  whatever  mentions  Au- 
relian's  being  there  :  all  his  wars  are  fully  enumerated  by  Vo- 
pifcus  in  his  life,  from  which  it  is  evident  that  he  never  was  em- 
ployed there. 

Others  fuppofe,  with  as  little  foundation,  th;  t  Conftantius 
Chlorus  was  fent  thither  in  the  year  271,  to  pacify  fome  diftur- 
bances,  and  that  he  then  married  Helena,  the  daughter  of  Coel, 
a  Britifh  kingl|.  What  fort  of  a  king  this  Coel  could  be,  or  if 
there  was  fuch  a  king  ever  exiftent,  is  not  to  my  purpofe  to  dif- 
pute,  though  the  beft  authority  we  have  for  him  is  Jeffrey  of 
Monmouth.  The  Roman  hiftory  is  entirely  filent  about  this 
time  for  17  years,  as  to  the  affairs  of  Britain,  v/hich  fliews  that 
all  things  in  this  ifland  were  then  quiet  or  negledled  by  the  Ro- 
mans, and  is  the  fame  thing  to  my  argument.  Neither  can  it 
be  imagined  that  Aurelian  woul*.!  have  fent  a  youth  of  21  years 
of  age,  to  have  pacified  a  tumultuous  province,  if  there  had 
been  occafion,  for  Conftantius  was  then  no  older,  and  Aurelian  a 
wifer  man. 

•  According  to  Udier.  786. 

ff-  V.  Vitam  Dioclefiani  ante  PanegjTic.  prefix,  p,  loj.  Ed.  Delph. 

X  Camden  in  Pnsfat.  nd  Britann. 

}|  V.  Vitani  Conllancii  Pancgeiico  Eumenii  Rhet.  praefixam. 

He 


MR.   GALE   ON   CONSTANTINE  THE  GREAT.     455 

He  rather  feems  at  that  time  to  have  been  in  the  army  of  Pro- 
bus,  then  one  of  Aurehan's  generals,  and  afterwards  emperor 
himfelf ;  Vo])ifcus  exprefsly  relating,  that  the  emperors  Cams, 
Dioclefianus,  Gonilantius,  and  other  great  men,  learnt  the  art 
of  war  under  him.  But  it  does  not  appear  that  Probus  was  ever 
in  Britain  ;  on  the  contrary,  all  the  fcenes  of  his  atflions  lie  in 
other  parts  of  the  world,  and  it  is  much  more  probable  that  Con- 
Itantius,  at  that  age,  was  fighting  under  his  command,  than 
commanding  an  army  and  pacifying  troubles  in  a  rebellious  pro- 
vince ;  and  that  his  coming  into  Britain  was  not  before  the  year 
29 2j,  a  year  after  he  had  been  adopted  by  Maximin,  and  declared 
Cajfar,  and  his  fon  Conftantius  20  years  old. 

The  ftrongeft  proof  alledged  by  thofe  who  favour  the  opinion 
of  Conftantine's  being  born  in  Britain,  is  a  paffage  in  a  panegy- 
rick,  fpoken  by  a  now  unknown  orator,  before  Maximian  and 
Conftantine,  where,  fpeaking  of  his  father  Conftantius,  he  com- 
pliments the  fon  as  follows  : — "  Liberavit  ille  Britannias  feivitute, 
*'  tu  etiam  nobiles  illas  oriendo  fecilli ;"  where,  by  the  word 
oriendo  they  will  have  his  birth  to  be  intimated. 

To  corroborate  this  conftruiflion,  they  ftrain  the  meaning  of 
another  fentence  of  a  panegyric  delivered  by  Eumenius  before^ 
Conftantine  alone  at  Triers,   A.  D,  310. — "  O  fortunata  &  nunc 
*'  omnibus  terris  beatior  Britannia,  quoe  Conftantinum  primo  Cse- 
*'  farem  vidifti  !"  which  they  will  alfo  have  to  relate  to  his  birth,, 
though  the  plain  and  apparent  fenfe  of  the  words  point  out  di- 
rectly his  being  firft  feen  as  Cxfar  there  ;   for  how  can  Britain  be 
faid  to  fee  him  Coefar  as  loon  as  he  was  born  ?  on  the  contrary  it 
will  be  proved,   that  he  was  not  declared  Ccefar  till  after  his  fa- 
ther's laft  arrival  in  Britain,  which  was  not  long  before  his  death. 

Conftantius  Chlorus,   as  we  have  faid,   was  firft  fent  into  Bri- 
tain in  the  year  292,  and  was  then  obliged  to  leave  his  fon  Con- 
ftantine in  the  hands  of  Galerius  Maximiaaus,  as  an  hoftage  for 
5  l^is 


456    MR.    GALE    ON    CONSTANTINE    THE    GREAT 

his  fidelity.  Maximianus  was  fo  jealous  of  this  young  prince 
from  his  early  virtues,  that  he  expofed  him  not  only  to  all  the 
'dangers  af  war  that  l:i€  could  deviie,  but  even  to  combats  with 
wild  beafts,  in  hopes  of  deftroying  him.  Conftantine's  courage 
would  not  fuffer  him  to  decline  any  of  thefe  fnares  laid  for  him 
by  the  tyrant ;  he  undeirtook  all  that  was  put  upon  him  like 
another  Hercules,  and  acquitted  himfelf  in  every  one  of  them 
with  the  greatefl  bravery  and  fuccefs ;  and,  amongft  other  ex- 
ploits, killed  a  furious  lion  that  was  let  loofe  to  devour  him. 
This  glorious  a<5lion  feems  to  be  reprefented  on  a  medal  of  his  in 
my  polTeflion,  ftruck  after  he  was  emperor,  on  the  reverfe  of 
•which  is  Hercules  fighting  that  monfter,  with  an  infcription  de- 
noting the  emperor's  never-failing  valour, 

VIRTVS  PERPETVA  AVG. 

So  much  merit  made  Maximianus  detain  him  in  his  court  at  Ni- 
comedia  without  the  honour  of  Csefar,  and  little  better  than  a 
prifoner,  though  often  importuned  by  Gonflantius  to  give  him 
his  liberty.  He  could  by  no  means  obtain  this  favour,  till  Con- 
llantine  himfelf  efFeded  it  by  a  ftratagem,  and  having  made  his 
efcape  with  incredible  expedition,  arrived  time  enough  to  fee 
his  father  not  long  before  he  left  the  world  on  the  kalends  of 
Auguft,  A,  D.  306, 

Some  authors  fay,  their  meeting  was  at  GefToriacnm  or  Bou- 
logne, at  the  very  inftant  the  old  emperor  was  fetting  fail  for 
Britain  to  repel  an  invafion  of  the  Pids  and  Scots,  but  Eufebius 
fays,  it  was  in  his  laft  moments  at  York  *.  It  is  mofl  likely  to 
have  happened  at  the  former,  becaufe  Eumenius,  who  fpoke 
his  panegyrick  but  four  years  after  this  meeting,  before  Con- 
Itantine,   and  was  living  at  the  time  of  it  in  Gaul,  thus  addrefles 

*  Zozimus  alfo  fays,  that  Con ftarrtlne  came  to  his  father  juft  before  he  died,  or  as  he  was  dy" 
ing,  and  that  the  army  then  conferred  the  dignity  of  Casfar  upon  him.     Lib.  IIi 
Ad  patrem  in  Britanniam  pervenit,  See,     Aur.  YiiU 

himfelf 


MR.    GALE    ON    CONSTANTINE     THE    GREAT.    457 

himfelf  to  him  :  "  Jam  tunc  coeleftibus  fufFragiis  ad  falutem  Rci- 
"  publicDe  vocaberis,  ad  tempus  ipfuni  quo  pater  in  Britanniam 
"  transfretabat  :  clafli  jam  vela  facienti  repcntinus  tuus  adveiitus 
"illuxit,   &c." 

As  I  laid  before,  he  was  rather  a  prifoner  than  a  Cffifar  in  the 
court  of  Maximianus  ;  and  his  father,  whom  he  found  under  fail 
at  Boulogne,  had  not  time  there  to  confer  that  dignity  upon  him. 
Where  then  can  we  fuppofe  him  to  have  been  fwil  honoured 
with  that  title,  but  ujwn  his  firft  landing  with  his  father  in  Bri- 
tain, who,  in  his  excefs  of  joy  for  the  recovery  of  fo  hoi>eful  a 
fon,   could  think  no  honours  too  great  for  him  ? 

It  is  not  improbable  that  they  lived  together  fome  months  in 
Britain,  and  were  both  in  the  expedition  againll  the  Pi(5ts  and 
the  Scots  :  the  gold  medal  in  Mezzabarba  of  constantinvs 
CAESAR,  with  a  Vi61ory  on  the  reverfe,  holding  a  laurel  in  her 
right,  and  a  palm  in  her  left  hand;  and  thofe  of  copper  with 
CONSTANTINVS  NOB.  CAES.  rouud  the  head,  and  marti  propug- 
NATORi  upon  the  reverfe,  no  doubt  alluding  to  his  vanquilliing 
and  driving  out  thofe  enemies  with  his  father,  v/hen  he  was  no 
more  than  Caslar.  Moil  of  thefe  copper  pieces  feem  to  have  been 
coined  in  Britain  by  the  letters  pln  or  plc  on  their  exergue, 
which  I  interpret  Percuffa  Londini,  or  Fercuffa  Lindi  Coloniae, 
though  foreign  antiquaries  have  read  them  Percuffa  Lugduni,  for 
want  of  a  better  acquaintaince  with  our  country  :  but  the  letters, 
I  think,   belt  juftify  my  conjecSture. 

The  moll:  plaufible  authority  for  Conftantine's  being  created  a 
Cjefar  before  this  his  coming  into  Britain,  is  from  Aurelius  Vi6tor, 
in  his  epitome,  where  he  relates  indeed,  that  "  Conflantius  Con- 
"  ftantini  pater,  atque  Armentarius  (who  is  the  fame  as  Galerius 
"  Maximianus)  Augufti  appellantur  creatis  Caefaribus,  Severo  per 
*'  Itaham,MaximinoqueGaleriifororis  filio  per  Orientem,  eodemque 
*'  tempore  Conilantinus  Cxfar  efficitur:"  which  tranfadion  was  on 

N  n  n  "  the 


458     MR.    GALE    ON    CONSTANTINE    THE    GREAT. 

the  kalends  of  May,  305.  This  latter  part  of  the  ftory  is,  how- 
ever, eafily  refuted,  even  from  Aurehus  himfelf,  for  in  his  Hif- 
toria  de  Ccefaribus,  he  tells  us,  that  •'  Dioclefiano  et  Maximiano 
'*  fuccedentibus  Conl^antioet  Armentario,  Severus  Maximinufque, 
"  Illyricorum  indigence.  Carfares  deftinantur,  quod  tolerare  ne- 
"  quiens  Conftantinus  fugae  commento  in  Britanniam  pervenit.*' 
Can  any  thing  be  plainer,  even  from  this  author's  own  words, 
than  that  Conrtantine  was  not  appointed  Coefar  at  the  fame  time 
asCadarand  Maximinus  ?  if  he  had  been  fo,  what  occafion  was 
there  for  fo  much  rd'entment  as  he  expreffed  at  his  difappoint- 
mcnt  ? 

All  this  is  moft  amply  confirmed  by  that  excellent  little  treatife 
De  Mortibus  Perfecutorum,  fuppofed  to  be  wrote  by  Ladlantius, 
wherein  we  have  the  mod  accurate  account  of  thofe  times  extant. 
It  plainly  appears  there  by  what  management  this  Galerius  Maxi- 
mianus  Armentarius  induced  the  two  old  emperors  Dioclefianus 
and  Valerius  Maximianus  to  abdicate  the  purple,  and  at  the  fame 
time  promoted  Severus  and  Maximinus  Dazu  to  be  Gaefars,  con- 
trary to  the  expecflation,  and  with  the  greateft  furprize  of  the 
army,  "  RepuMb  Conftantino,"  as  are  the  exprefs  words  of  that 
author,  contemporary  to  the  fad: ;  who  alfo  tells  us,  that  one  ar- 
gument ufed  by  Armentarius  to  Dioclefianus  for  his  refignation 
of  the  empire  was,  "  Debere  ipiius  difpofitionem  in  perpetuam  con- 
*<  fervari,  ut  Duo  fint  in  republica  Majores  qui  fummam  rerum 
*'  teneant ;  item  Duo  Minores  qui  fint  adjumento  :""  but  had  Con- 
ftantine  been  created  Cjefar  at  the  fame  time  with  Severus  and 
Maximinus,  there  would  have  been  Tres  Minores  inftead  of  Dvio, 
diredly  contrary  to  the  argument  of  this  Armentarius,  and  the 
then  eftablifhed  conftitution  of  government. 

1  think  this  may  fuffice  to  confute  Aurelius  Vidlor's  contradic- 
tion of  himfelf  in  affirming  that  Conftantine  was  created  Cxfar 
7  at 


MR.    GALE    ON    CONSTANTINE    THE    GREAT.    459 

at  the  fame  time  with  Sevcrus  and  Maximinus  ;  and  to  prove  that 
he  never  had  that  title  till  a  few  months  before  his  father's  death, 
and  that  in  Britain  ;  and  confequcntly  the  words  in  Eumenius's 
panegyrick,  "  Quae  Conitantiniim  prima  Ciefirem  vidifti,"  to  be  fo 
far  from  explaining  the  word  Oriendo  in  the  other  oration  to  im- 
port his  being  born  in  that  iiland,  that  they  plainly  prove  it  mull 
relate  to  his  being  declared  Casfar  there. 

To  this  I  may  add,  from  the  fame  little  treatife,  that  after 
Conftantine  had  been  declared  Auguftus  or  emperor  by  his  fa- 
ther in  Britain,  and  his  image,  as  ufual  upon  fnch  occalions, 
prefented  a  few  days  after  Maximianus  Armentarius,  as  his  col- 
league in  the  empire,  that  the  latter,  "  Excogitarit  ut  Serverum, 
"  qui  erat  maturior  aetate,  Augullum  nuncuparet,  Conflantinuni 
"  vero  non  Imperatorem,  licut  erat  fadlus,  fed  Caefarem  cum  Max- 
*'  imino  ;  ut  eum  de  fecundo  loco  dejiceret  in  quartum  ;"  fo  that 
it  is  highly  probable  that  Conftantine  was  never  declared  Caefar, 
or  acknowledged  fo,  before  this  time,  by  Maximianus  Armen- 
tarius, or  any  of  the  reft  who  had  a  fliare  in  the  empire. 

I  will  not  take  upon  me  to  determine  where  the  place  of 
Conftantine's  nativity  is  to  be  found.  Eutropius,  wdio  lived  but  a 
few  years  after  him,  fays  he  was  born  "  obfcuriore  matrimonio," 
which  is  perhaps  the  reafon,  that  neither  he,  nor  the  Ecclefiaf- 
tical  Fhftorians,  nor  any  other  writer  near  his  time,  gives  us  the 
name  of  the  town  where  he  was  born,  either  being  ignorant  of 
it,  or  thinking  it  no  great  honour  to  him.  It  feems,  howxver, 
moft  probably  to  have  been  at  NailTus,  a  fmall  city  in  Dardania, 
which  was  a  province  in  Dacia,  as  Dacia  was  of  lllyricum,  the 
earlieft  and  bell  officers  that  fpeak  of  it  fixing  it  there.  To 
this  I  may  add,  that  in  Dardania  was  the  feat  of  Conitantine's 
family.  Trebellius  Pollio  tells  us,  that"  Ex  Crifpi  filia  Claudia 
"  et  Eutropio,  nobililhmo  gentis  Dardanae  viro  Conliantius  Ccefar 

N  n  n  2  *'  eft 


^^0    MR.  GALE  ON  CONSTANTINE  THE  GREAT. 

"  eft  genitus,"  which  fnews  tiiCy  were  inhabitants  of  that  country, 
and  therefore  riot  unhkely  to  niarry  and  propagate  there  ;  but 
how  Helen,  davighter  of  king  Coil,  flioukl  get  thither  from  Bri- 
tain, I  will  not  prefume  to  tonjetSliire.  See  Cuperi  Prceled:. 
in  Ladlant.  de  Alort.  Perfecut.      Trajed:.  1602. 


CLIIL 
Extract  of  a  Letter  from  Mr.  Lantrow  to  Mr.  Hatton. 

In  Fel)ruary  lafl:,  1738,  Mr.  Neal  Hopkins  plowing  near  a 
place  called  the  cbapel,  in  Weldon  field,  near  Kettering,  in 
Northamptonfliire,  part  of  Lord  Hatton's  eftate,  ploughed  up 
fome  fmall  ftones  which  were  fet  like  flowers,  and  fome  filver 
and  copper  coins  of  Conrtantine  ;  upon  fetting  labourers  to  clear 
the  earth,  and  further  examining  the  ground,  they  found  a  Ro- 
man tefielated  pavement  96  feet  long  and  10  feet  broad,  pretty 
entire,  though  in  fome  places  broken.  Mr,  Lantrow  obferves 
that  it  confifts  of  fmall  pieces  of  brick  and  ftone,  fet  like  hearts 
and  diamonds  :  the  pavement  runs  North  and  South.  Mr.  Haw- 
kins, a  domertick  of  Lord  Hatton's,  in  order  to  preferve  it,  has 
caufed  a  wall  to  be  built  round  it,  and  has  thrown  a  deal  roof 
over  it*. 


*  This  pavement  was  40  yards  long,  within  a  kind  of  gallery,  fided  by  feveral  rooms,  about 
30  feet  long,  in  which  were  fimilar  pavements,  with  feveral  coins  of  Conftantine  and  Conftans. 
]t  n:.;s  drawn  by  John  Lens,  and  engraved  by  J.  Cole,  at  the  expence  of  Lord  Vifcount  Hatton, 
Biit.  Top.  IL  48.     Edit. 


CLIV. 


ON    AN    INSCRIPTION    AT    CHICHESTER.     461 


CLIV. 

Letters  of  Dr.  Stukeley,  Mr.  Gale,  and  Sir  J.  Clerk,  on  an 
Infcriptioii  ••-  found  at  Chicheftcr,    J  740. 


Sir, 


Stamford, 
Aug.  30,   1740. 


To  add  to  3'our  pleafure,  I  fend  you  this  infcription  lately  found 
at  Chichet^er  ;  I  have  a  long  letter  about  it  to  lliew  you  when  we 
have  the  happinefs  of  your  company  ;  in  the  mean  time  your  ob- 
fervations  on  it  may  oblige  the  virtuofos.  It  was  dug  up  in  Eatl 
Street  there,  the  corner  of  St.  Martin's  Lane,  in  a  cellar. 
'  I  am,   &c. 

W.  Stukeley* 


CLV. 

Mr.  Gale  to  Sir  John  Clerk. 

While  I  was  lately  at  London,  I  received  a  copy  of  an  infcrip- 
tion, or  rather  of  its  fragments,  very  lately  found  at  Chicheflerj 
dug  up  at  Eaft  Street  in  a  cellar,  at  the  corner  of  St,  Martin's 
Lane,  and  very  near  the  fpot  where  the  former  was  difinterred 
that  is  publiflied  in  the  Philofophical  Tranfadlions,  N°  379  ;  the 
ftone  of  the  fame  fort  of  Suflex  marble,  and  the  letters  of  the 
fame  cut  and  fize  on  thefe ;  very  beautiful,  and  coeval  appa- 
rently to  them,  or  at  lead  but  a  very  few  years  after.  You  will 
fee  by  the  inclofed  draught  how  miferably  it  has  fufFered,  and 
kow  I  have  endeavoured  to  fupply  the  defe<51:s,  which  I  think  I 

*  See  plate  VIL  fig.  12. 

may 


46a  MR.    GALE    TO    SIR    JOHN    CLERK. 

may  fafely  fay  I  have  done  very  exadly  and  truly  by  tlie  help  of 
an  iulcriptioii  rn  Gruter,  p.  cxviii.  2.  The  lines  and  pricked 
letters  will  fhew  you  how  much  of  the  ftone  is  lod,  but  the 
greateft  want  in  it  is  of  the  dedicator's  name,  were  it  either  of  a 
perfon  or  a  collegium^  and  feems  to  me  as  if  it  was  never  expreffed 
on  this  ftone,  by  the  compleatnefs  of  the  letters,  and  the  want 
of  room  for  more,  except  it  lies  latent  under  the  S.  C.  V.  M.  and 
then  it  will  be  very  different,  if  not  impoflible,  to  unriddle  them. 
I  rather  think  thefe  letters  denote  no  more  than  Solvi  curavit  VO" 
turn  meritOy  and  that  the  dedicator's  name  might  be  cut  upon  fome 
adjoining  ftone  ftill  loft.  The  moft  remarkable  paffage  in  it  is 
IMP.  V.  Nero  having  never  been  ftyled,  as  I  can  find,  more  than 
IMP.  m.  but  this  perhaps  may  have  been  occafioned  either  by 
the  flattery  or  ignorance  of  the  erector  or  cutter  lb  far  from  Rome. 

R.  Gale. 

P.  S.  The  finding  of  the  Otho  you  mention  is  a  little  furprizing, 
that  fpecific  coin  having  been  always  deemed  fupix)rititious;  but  it 
having  been  difcovered  with  others  of  various  forts  under  ground, 
without  any  fufpicious  circumftaiices,  as  I  fuppofe,  muft  plead 
much  in  its  favour* 


CLVI. 
Sir  John  Clerk's  reply. 

Upon  an  overly  view  of  the  infcription  from  Chichefter  you 
have  fent  me,  I  cannot  well  fee  that  it  can  admit  of  any  alterations 
or  additions  more  than  what  you  have  given  it ;  however,  at 
another  time  I  fhall  fend  you  any  thing  I  can  remark  about  it. 

As  to  my  Otho,  I  am  really  perfuaded  that  if  it  be  a  falfe  one, 
it  is  at  leaft  as  old  as  the  time  of  Valentinian,  being  found  with 

fome 


SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALE.  4(^3 

fome  of  his  and  other  coins ;  befides,  it  appears  moft  de- 
mon ftratively  that  the  draft  of  a  Pad u an  1  have  is  copied  from 
it,  or  one  of  the  fame  kind.  This  appears  plainly  from  the  dif- 
tance  of  the  letters.  That  medal  with  s.  c.  in  a  laurel  is  cer- 
tainly the  moft  authentic  ;  but  Monfieur  Patin  acknowledges  one 
fmaller  of  bronze,  with  the  Adlocutio  to  be  antient  likewifc. 
Tliis  is  no  doubt  the  very  coin  I  have  got. 

J.  Clerk. 


CLVIL 

Part  of  a  Letter  from  Dr.  Stukeley  on  the  fame  Infcription. 

I  have  added  very  little  in  my  remarks  on  the  Chichefter  in- 
fcrii>tion.  1  fuppofe  the  year  it  was  fet  up  to  have  been  a.  u.  c. 
Varron.  815,  816.  that  St.  Paul  had  now  been  releafed  two 
years  from  his  imprifonment  at  Rome  when  he  executed  his  pur- 
pofe  of  preaching  to  the  weftern  world,  and  might  probably  be 
in  Britain  this  very  year,  and  even  at  this  very  place  Chichefter,, 
and  converted  the  beft  families  in  it.  Pudens  and  Claudia,  men- 
tioned 2  Tim.  iv.  21,  probably  belonging  to  the  Roman  city 
here.  Mr.  Folkes  has  fupplied  this  infcription  in  a  letter  to  tlxe 
Duke  of  Richmond,  much  in  the  fame  way  as  yours,  but  not  fo 
juftly.  W.  Stukeley. 


CLVIII. 


464  SIR    JOHN    CLERK    TO    MR.    GALS. 

CLVin. 

Another  from  the    fame. 

I  (lined  on  Thurfdny  with  Mr.  Martin  Folkes.  Lord  Sanchvich 
was  there,  whom  I  had  viiited  before,  and  made  a  fmall  acquaint- 
ance withal.  He  is  a  keen  lover  of  antiquity,  and  has  brought 
a  great  colleclion  of  coins  from  Cairo,  Sec.  among  them  two 
Neros  with  Poppea,  Claudius,  MefTalina,  8cc.  At  Mr.  Folkes's 
we  looked  over  our  old  friend  lord  Pembroke's  colle6lion  of  large 
brafs,  now  in  his  keeping,  in  order  to  put  them  in  due  fuite, 
and  rectify  the  prints  made  by  Haym.  I  took  notice  of  the 
Otho.  It  is  Antiochene,  s.  c.  on  the  reverfe  in  a  laurel.  Mr. 
Folkes  thinks  it  dubious  as  to  the  genuinenefs,  and  fays  Starbini, 
from  whom  my  friend  had  it,   was  a  great  rogue. 

Mr.  Folkes  has  made  a  pretty  model  of  Stonehenge  in  wood. 
He  and  Mr.  Ward  have  each  of  them  wrote  fomething  on  the 
Chichefter  infcription,  but  I  have  not  yet  feen  it. 

W.  Stukeley. 


CLIX. 

Mr.  Wise,    Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  to  Mr.  Gale, 
■  concerning  a  fmall  gold  coin. 

Augiift  19,  1 73 1. 

I  had  the  other  day  a  gold  coin  put  into  my  hands,  which  feems 
to  be  of  the  later  and  rude  ages,  but  by  the  infcription  I  cannot 
determine  under  what  family  to  reduce  it,  1  he  letters  are  very 
fair  T"v  X  on  the  head  fide,  and  atelapivs  monet.  or  telapivs 
MONETA.     I  Ihould  be  glad  to  have  your  opinion,  and  am,   8:c. 

CLX. 


MR.    BELL    TO    II  R.    B  L  O  M  E  F  I  E  L  D.  465 


CLX. 

Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  BlomefieLd,    Redor  of  Fersfiekt  near  Difs, 

Norfolk. 

mrAR     QTR  Beauprellall, 

DEAR    SIR,  December  .-.   .--,;,. 

I  fend  you  a  defcription  of  fuch  coins  in  my  collection  as  were 
found  in  the  parilli  of  Elme,  (Inful.  Elienf.)  I  cannot  exadly  rc- 
collecft  the  year,  nor  is  it  very  material.  I  have  now  before  me 
about  thirty  of  the  Denarii  found  the  laft  year  near  March,  an 
account  of  which  (if  it  will  be  of  any  fervice)  you  may  com- 
mand from  your  affedionate  humble  fervant, 

Beaupre  Bell. 

Impp.  Rom.  Numifmata  propre  Elme  infra  Inful.  Elienf.  eruta 
circa  annum    1730,   hodie  penes  B.  B. 

Gallienus.  M,  3.  gallienvs.  avg.  Caput  radiatum  ad  humeros. 

VBERTAS.  avg.     Figura   muliebris  vultu  ad 
dextram  converfo,    dextra  crumenam,  fi- 
niftra  cornucopiae.  a  liniftris  in  area  6- 
M.  3.  Idem  Capitis  Typus. 

dianae.  cons.  avg.  Cervus  a  liniftris  dex- 
trorsum.  in  ima  j^arte  F. 
JE.  3.  Idem  Capitis  Typus. 

dianae.    cons.  avg.  Cervus  a  dextris  linif- 
trorsum.  in  ima  parte.  X. 
M.  3.  Idem  Capitis  Typus. 

NEPTVNO.  CONS.  AVG.  Equus  marinus  a  dex- 
tris finiftrorsiim.  in  ima  parte  N. 

O  o  o  JE.  3. 


4^6  MR.     BELL    T  Q    M  R.    B  L  O  M  E  F  I  E  L  D. 

^.  3.  Idem  Capitis  Typus. 

SOLI.  CONS.  AVG.    Pcgafus  a  finiftfis  dcxtror- 
sum. 
^.  3.  Idem  Capitis  TypiTs. 

LiBERO.  p.    CONS.    AVG.  Pantlicra  a  finiftris 
dextrorsiim.  in  ima  parte  O. 
^^.  3.  Idem  Capitis  Typus. 

APOLLiNi.   CONS.   AVG.  Ceiitaurus  a  finiftris 
dextrorfum,  globum  dextra,  finiftra  navis 
gubcrnaciiliim  furfumverfum  geftat.    Ima 
pars  exefa. 
^.  3.  Idem  Capitis  Typus. 

PAX.  AVG.  Figuramuliebrisvuitu  dextrorsiim 
converlb.  olese  ramum  dextra  tenet,  finif- 
tra haftam  tranfverfam.  in  area  a  dextris  L. 
Salonina.  ^E.  3.   salonina.  avg.  Caput  ad  pectus  cum  ftola,  &c 

luna  bicorni  ad  humeros. 
PiETAS   AVGG.  Figura  muliebris  fedens  a  fi- 
niftris dextrorsiim,  dextram  porrigit  duo- 
bus  puerulis,  liniftra  cornucopias  gerens. 
Vi6lorinus  Sen.  imp.  c.  victorinvs.  p.  f.  avg.  Caput  radiatum 
-^.  3.       ad  pectus  cum  paludamento. 

victoria,  avg.  Vidloria  a  finiftris  dextror- 
siim, dextra   coronam   laurece   extendens, 
paimas  ramum  finiftra  tenet. 
M.  3.  Idem  Capitis  Typus. 

salvs.  avg.  Figura  muliebris  vultu  finiftror- 
siim  converfo,    dextra  ferpentem,  finiftra 
pateram. 
Claudius Golhicus.  divo.  clavdio.  Caput  radiatum  ad  humeros. 
JE.  3.        consecratiO'.   Aquila   alis   expanlis,    roftro 
finiftrorsiim  converfo. 

2  iE.  3. 


M  R.    BELL     TO     M  11.     E  L  O  M  E  i'  I  E  L  i\  4''7 

JE.  3.  Aliud  eodem  Typo  utraque  ex  parte. 

JE,  3.  Tcrtium.  Idem  Capitis  Typus. 

CQNSECRATio.  Ara  fiiper  quam  ignis,  {alia  2 
■eotlem  Tyjx).) 
JE.  3.  IMP.    c.   CLAVDivs.   AVG.    Caput    radiatutn  ad 

pectus  eum  lorita. 

AEQviTAs  AVG.  Figura  miiliebris  flolata  dex- 
trGrsum, -dexfra  bilancem,    llniiha  coiiui- 
copice.        " 
JE.  3.  Idem  Capitis  Typus. 

FELiciTAS  AVG.  Figura  muliebris  ad  dextiam 
verfa,   dextra  caduceum  oblongum,  finif- 
tra  cornucopiae  tenet. 
M  3.  IMP.  CLAVDIVS.  AVG.  Caput  ut  fupra. 

MAR.TI.  PACiF.  Mars  galeatus  a  linirtris  dex- 
trorsum  gradiens  oleie  ramum  dextra  te- 
net, finiftra  nefcio  quid,  a  dextris  in  area  X. 
Tetricus  Sen.  imp.  tetricvs.  p.  f.  avg.  Caput  radiatum  ad 
pe6lus  cum  paludnmento. 
hilaritas  avgg.  Figura  muliebris  vnltudex- 
trorsum  converfo,   dextra  nefcio  quid  niii 
fort€  caduceum  oblongum,   fmiilra    cor- 
nucopiae. 
JE.  3.  Alia  duo  eodem  typo  utraque  ex  parte. 

JE.  ^.  Idem  Capitis  Typus. 

laetitia.  avgg.  Figura  muliebris  dextra  co- 
rollam  deorfum  tenens,   finilhu  anchorae 
adnititur. 
Tetricus  Jun.  c.  pivesv.  tetricvs  caes.  Caput  radiatum  ad 
.3i,.  3.  humeros  cum  paludamento. 

SPES    AVGG.    Figura   muliebris    ad   dextram 
O  o  o  2  grad.jns, 


4(58 


MR.    BELL    TO    MR.    B  L  O  M  £  F  I  E  L  D. 


gradiens,   dexra  lotum  tenet,  finiftra  tu- 
nicam  fuilollit. 


m. 


IE. 


m. 


Idem  Capitis  Typus. 

piETAS  AVGVSTi.  Vafa  Pontificalia. 
Idem  Capitis  Typus. 

SALVS  AVGG.  Dea  Salus. 

Idem  Capitis  Typus.      c s.  caes. 

SPES.  PVBLiCA.  Figura  muliebris  dextranefcio 
quid,    niH  forte   florem,  fuiillra  tunicam 
fuftollit. 
c.  pivEsv.  TETRicvs.  CAES.  Gaput  Tctrici  ju- 
nioris  ut  fupra. 

IMP.  TETRICVS.  p.  F.  AVG.  Capiit  Tetrici  fe- 
nioris  radiatum  ad  pe6lus  cum  paluda- 
meiito.  (Nummus  ifte  rariflimus  injuria 
temporum  fra^Sta  elt,  et  in  binas  partes 
divifa ;  quarum  una  tantum  nobis  in  ma- 
nibus  eft.) 
Diocletian  M,  2.  imp.  diocletianvs.  avg.  Caput  laureatum  ad 

pe6lus  cum  lorica. 
5   GENio  POPVLi  ROMANJ.    Gcnius  cum  modio 
fupra  caput,   dextra  pateram,    finiftra  cor- 
nucopiae,  in  area  a  dextris  s.  a  liniftris  F. 
in  ima  parte  ptr. 
IMP.  constantinvs  p.  f.  avg.  Caput  laure- 
atum ad  ped;us  cum  lorica. 
maPvTi    patri    propvg.    Mars    galeatus    et 
nudus    a    dextris    finiftrorsum    gradiens, 
dextra  fpiculum  tranfversum,  finiftra  cly- 
peum  geftat.  in  ima  parte  pln. 

Valentinianus. 


Conftantinus 
Magnus      M.  1, 


MR.    BELL     TO     MR.     B  L  O  M  E  F  I  E  L  D. 


4% 


Viilentiniaiius.   d.  n.  valentinianvs.  p.  f.  avg.  Caput  cinc- 

tutn  diaclemate  ad  pcdius  cum  paludamento 

Uniftrorsiim. 

GLORIA  ROMANORVM.  Figura  militaris  dex- 
tra  caput  captivi  vin6li  et  genuflexi  pre- 
mens,  finiflra  labaro  cui  XP  inlcriptum 
adnititur.  a  dextris  in  area  O.  a  linitlris 
Fn.  in  ima  parte,  lugsd. 
Gratianus.  ^.  3.  d.  n.  gratianvs.  avgg.  avg.  Caput  diademate 

cindtum,   ad    pectus    cum    paludamento   fi- 

niftrorsum. 

gloria,  novi  saecvli.  Figura  militis  dextra 
labaro  in  cujus  fiparo  XP.  adnititur.  Si- 
niftra  clypeum  humi  pofitum  tenet,  in 
ima  parte  tcon. 


CLXL 
Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  Blomehlld. 


dear  sir, 


March 


I  hoped  the  pleafure  of  hearing  from  you  before  this  lime, 
but  imagine  you  are  taken  up  with  fearches  for  your  hiftory.  I 
have  fince  my  laft  fpent  fome  time  in  examining  Outwell  church, 
and  if  you  pleafe  to  fend  me  that  letter  in  which  I  gave  you  a  de- 
fcription  of  it,  I  promife  to  return  it  much  improved.  You  may 
ealily  fend  it  by  the  Yarmouth  carrier,  dired;ed  for  me,  to  be  left 
with  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hall  of  Chrift  College ;  and  as  he  conftantly 
writes  to  me  once  a  week,  it  will  come  foon  to  my  hands.      I  for^ 

got 


M 


R.     BKI.L    TO     Mil.     BLOMEFIELD. 


got  in  my  lull:  to  return  you  tlranks  for  the  coins  you  wer^  fa 
kind  to  [)romirc  me.;  they  will  be  very  acceptable,  and  may  come 
iiiie  along  with  the  letter  I  mentioned  to  Mr,  Hall.  I  am  at  pre- 
lent  engaged  in  a  chronological  feries  of  Emperors,  for  the  ufe 
of  coUecTtors  of  coins.  It  will  take  a  good  deal  of  time  ;  but  as  I 
am  going  through  the  Rom.an  Hifbory,  the  extraordinary  trouble 
will  not  be  great ;  w  hen  it  is  iinillied,  if  you  think  it  worth 
tranfcribing,   it  fliall  be  at  your  fervice. 

I  have  nothing  at  prefent  worth  your  notice^  unlefs  the  fol- 
lowing note  be  of  fome  little  ufe.  It  is  from  a  MS.  account  of 
manors,  Sic.  late  parcel  of  the  poffeffions  of  prince  Henry,  fold 
in  fee-ilmple  and  fee-farm  :  "  Claiif.  vocat.  Highelm.an  et  al.  par- 
"  cell,  maner.de  Waterbech  ^  Denny  per  An. — ix/.  SeBus  ^ 
''  capit.  fnefp.  monsr.  de  Waterbech  (^  Denny  per  An. — xii/." 

When  any  thing  occurs  to  the  purpofe,  you  may  depend  upon 
it  from  your  afFedlionate  humble  fervant, 

B.  Bell. 


CLXII. 
Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  Blomefield. 

DEAR  SIR,  ^"^iT'"'  "'"'  ^''"  ^"'^' 

'  Ccc.  23,    1733. 

I  lately  fent  you  fome  account  of  Elme  church,  and  as  foon  as 
I  hear  that  it  is  come  to  hand,  will  tranfmit  what  I  know  of 
Out  well. 

I  Ihall  ufe  my  utmoft  diligence  with  regard  to  your  propofals, 
and  have  added  one  more  to  the  liil  of  your  fubfcribers  ;  but, 
which  is  much  more  material,  have  now  before  me  an  abridge- 
ment of  all  the  BiOiop  of  Ely's  regilters,  both  at  Ely,  Ely  Houfe 

London, 


MR.     BELL     TO     MR.     B  L  O  M  E  F  I  E  L  D.  471 

London,  and  in  the  regiftry  at  Cambridge,  a  moft  laborious  work, 
and  which  I  can  procure  you  the  entire  ufe  of.  I  fliall  imme- 
diately expect  your  command,  and  am,  dear  Sir,  your  very 
afFeftionate  and  obliged 

Beaupre  Bell,  Jun. 

I  fliall  fend  you  in  a  few  days  a  new  fpecimen  of  the  work  I 
have  undertaken. 


CLXIIL 
Mr.  Bell  to  Mr.  Blomefield. 

DEAR   SIR,  r„   ,, 

'  Jan.  :6,   174b.  - 

I  waited  on  Mr.  Rand  fmce  my  laft,  and  though  he  is  intirely 
free  to  give  you  the  ufe  of  the  MS.  *  he  has  taken  fo  much  pains 
to  colledt,  is  by  no  means  willing  to  part  with  it  fo  far  from  his 
own  ftudy ;  but  if  you  ever  think  it  worth  your  while  to  make  a 
tour  this  way,  it  fliall  be  perfcdly  at  your  fervicc.  I  affare  you 
I  think  it  well  worth  it,  and  as  it  will  be  fome  time  before  you 
enter  upon  Cambridgefliire,  may  have  both  Icifure  and  inclination 
to  vifit  this  corner.  I  muft  add,  that  it  will  take  near  a  month 
to  go  through  the  whole,  though  he  has  himfelf  digefted  feveral 
parilhes,  and  pofted  them.  1  have  fent  you  one  letter  concern- 
ing OntVvell,  and  will  foon  give  you  the  remainder,  but  defire 
you  not  to  take  any  notice  from  whom  you  receive  fo  fmall  an 
affiftance,  though  I  will  fome  time  give  you  a  better  rcafon.  I 
have  been  told  your  neighbour  Mr.  Martyn  has  a  good  colledtion 
of  Roman  coins  ;  if  he  has,  pray  examine  if  the  reverfe  of  any  of 
them  have  not  yet  been  publiflied,  and  particularly  whether  he 
has  any  of  Garaufius  with  uncommon  types,  or  indeed  of  any 

*  See  Brit.  Top.  L  igj, 

other 


472  MR.    BELL    TO    MR.    B  L  O  M  E  F  I  E  L  D. 

other  tyrant  whofe  hiftory  is  little  known.  I  have  lately  engraved 
two  very  finsular  coins  from  Mr.  Gale's  cabinet.  I  have  leveral 
letters  to  write  to-night;  therefore  delire  you  to  excufe  the  ab- 
ruptnefs  of,   dear  Sir,   your  moft  affcdlionate  friend  and  fervant, 

B.  Bell. 


CLXIV. 

Mr.  Knight  to  the  Bifliop  of  Lincoln  ■'■. 

MY    LORD,  Jan.  j6^   ,!,,,  JO. 

since  1  have  been  here  upon  my  refidence,  I  have  taken  fome 
l)ains  in  looking  over  and  tranfcribing  feveral  of  our  ancient  char- 
ters and  writings  belonging  to  this  church.  I  find  more  than  I 
expected  or  (as  I  think)  have  been  taken  notice  of,  which  almoft 
tempts  me  to  fet  about  the  hiftory  and  antiquities  of  this  church, 
either  in  that  way  which  Mr.  Gunton  wrote  his  of  Peterborough 
in,  or  elfe  Annales  eccleficz  Elyenfis  ex  autogr aphis  aliifque  MSS. 
contexti^  ^c.  I  have  ventured  to  trouble  your  lordlliip  upon 
this  affair  for  your  advice  and  affiflance,  if  your  lordlliip  has  any 
materials  which  may  be  of  any  ufe  to  me.  My  friend  Dr.  Tanner 
is  abundantly  more  fit  for  fuch  an  undertaking  than  myfelf,  but  his 
hands  are  lb  full  of  other  work  that  it  muft  be  for  ever  defpair- 
ed  of  from  him.  I  did  hint  to  him  in  one  of  my  laft  letters  what 
your  lordihip  laid  to  me  when  in  town  laft  about  his  finifiiing  his 
Iceland  ;  I  will  give  your  lordfhip  his  own  words  in  anfwer  to  me : 
*'  If  it  pleafe  God  to  fpare  my  life,  I  fliall  not  forget  to  put  to- 
"  gether  what  I  have  collecSted  for  the  improvement  of  Leland de 
"  Firis  Illujlrllnis  ;  but  they  having  ten  years  fince  printed  the  text 
■j'  at  Oxford  (fcarce  with  fair  ufage  of  me,   whom  they  knew  to  be 

*  Dr.  Gibfon. 

"  engaged 


DR.    KNIGHT    TO     BISHOP    GIBSON. 


473 


**  engaged  about  it  before)  I  did  cool  a  little — but  \vhen  I  get 
"  through  this  edition  of  Notitia  Monaftica,  I  fliall  refume  the 
*'  other.  Mr.  Anthony  Wood's  papers  were  bequeathed  to  me 
*'  under  a  condition  to  publifli  them ;  and  no  fairer  can  be 
"  offered  than  now  when  Mr.  Tonfon  is  reprinting  the  Athenae. 
*'  If  I  fliould  not  have  fuifered  them  to  be  publiflied,  they 
"  might  one  time  or  other  have  fallen  into  hands  lefs  tender  of 
"  the  reputation  of  the  dead  and  living.  I  believe  you  know 
*'  me  fo  well  as  to  vouch  for  me  that  I  am  as  feldom  idle  as 
"  any  body,  having  not  for  fome  years  allowed  myfelf  a  week's 
"  time  to  relax  amonglT:  my  friends,  efpecially  in  London." 

I  tranfcribed  thus  much  from  his  letter  to  me,  hoping  it  would 
not  be  unacceptable  to  your  lordfliip  to  know^  what  he  is  doing 
now,  and  what  we  may  expedl  hereafter  from  him.  Dr.  Watfon 
being  now  in  town,  can  (if  your  lordfliip  thinks  fit) give  an  account 
of  thofe  antiquities  lately  found  in  North  Britain.  Your  lordfliip 
has  heard  of  thofe  at  Trumpington,  in  Mr.  Tompfon's  pofTefiion. 
I  am  your  lordfliip's  moft  obedient  fervant, 

Sam.  Knight. 

P.  S,  I  faw  laft  night  that  the  two  vacancies  in  the  lifl  of  king's 
chaplains  are  filled  up.  I  fliall  be  contented  to  wait  for  another 
opportunity,  or  when  my  friends  fliall  think  proper. 


CLXV. 

Mr.   J.  B.    to  -^ — 

•p  TT^     Qtt)  From  Canterbury, 

IVil-V.  Jinj  Simdayjuly  S,  1716. 

The  weather  pelted  me  fo  unmercifully  that  I  was  wet  through 
before  I  reached  Dr.  Harwood's,  whofe  houfe  flands  at  Littleton, 
two  miles  beyond  Staines,     The  doctor  was  glad  to  fee  me,  took 

P  p  p  compaflion 


474        JOURNEY  FROM  LITTLETON  TO  GODSTONE. 

compaffion  of  my  infirm  member,  prefcribing  ftrong  mountain 
wine  as  a  remedy  againrt  the  vexatious  evil ;  the  dole  was  a  full 
Winchefler  before  I  ftopped.  The  next  day  he  did  me  the  ho- 
uoui  to  wait  upon  me  to  Walton  Ferry,  where  perceiving  fome 
remains  of  a  fortification,  I  enquired  a  little  after  the  matter.  My 
friend  informed  me  that  Co  way  Stakes  was  jutl:  over  the  water,, 
and  that  the  Conqueror  crofiTed  the  Thames  at  this  place,  and  not 
at  Lalam,  as  our  learned  author  Camden,  and  his  polite  editor 
Dr.  Gibfon,  informs  us.  Lahm,  by  water,  is  diftant  from  this 
place  at  leaft  five  miles.  Walton  is  full  of  gentlemen's  houses, 
and  a  very  pleafant  place  ;  upon  leaving  of  which  you  are  pre- 
iented  with  a  very  fpacious  common,  at  the  end  of  which  my 
Lord  Pelham's  whimfical  caftle  in  the  air  feems  to  proclaim  his 
folly  all  over  this  country  :  I  think  the  name  of  the  parifli  is 
Efham*.  Perhaps  you  will  chide  me  for  not  vifiting  Vande- 
brook's  t  magotty  houfe,  as  it  were,  underground  ;  but  to  tell  you 
the  truth,  the  banquetting  bawdy-houfe  upon  the  hill  looked  lb 
comically,  that  I  rode  out  of  fight  of  it  as  foon  as  poifible  for 
fear  of  breaking  a  gut  with  laughing.  The  next  place  of  note, 
was  Epfom.  Here  the  fpleen  was  like  to  feize  me  upon  a  double 
account,  viz.  meeting  the  hearfe  carrying  my  lord  duke  of  Nor- 
thumberland's corpfe  to  Windfor,  and  no  company  at  the  Wells.. 
I  vifited  the  bowling-greens,  dancing- rooms,  and  coflfee-houfes, 
in  which  I  met  with  three  cripples,  and  fix  young  wenches  eat  up 
with  the  pip.  My  defign  was  to  lodge  with  Mr.  Clayton  at  Mar- 
den  this  night,  being  twelve  miles  from  hence  ;  but  night  catch- 
ing of  me,  and  being  a  ftranger,  I  unfortunately  over-fliot  his 
houfe  two  miles,  but  luckily  popped  upon  Godlfone.  Here  I  re- 
cruited myfelf,  my  horfe,  and  my  dog.  The  next  day  I  dined 
wiUi  Mr.  Clayton — was  very  kindly  received — they  were  all  glad: 

*  Eflier.  'f  Vanbrugh's. 

to 


JOURNEY     TO    CANTERBURY.  475 

to  hear  of  your  welfare — healths  and  wine  as  plenty  as  water— 
yours  was  the  firft.  Pray  excufe  me  from  giving  an  account  of 
the  fine  painting  in  the  hall,  viz.  the  battle  of  the  gods  and 
giants,  done  by  Streeter's  hand.  The  beauty  of  the  houfe,  plea- 
fant  walks,  gardens,  &:c.  I  am  too  idle,  nay  am  not  able  to  do 
them  juftice  by  defcription.  After  dinner  I  jogged  on  to  my 
old  friend  Ned  Waterman's  at  Leeds,  five  miles  beyond  Maid- 
ftone,  and  thirty  odd  miles  from  Marden,  Sunday  I  preached 
for  him  according  to  cuftom.  He  ftill  continues  in  his  refolu- 
tion  to  add  confiderably  to  the  revenue  of  the  headfliip  of  our 
college  when  he  dies.  And  now^  at  laft  I  am  got  to  Canterbury — 
preached  before  the  mayor  this  day — came  off  with  honour — 
dined  wdth  Mr.  Worfliipfull,  a  very  honeft  Tory,  who  informs 
me  that  they  met  his  Grace  at  St.  Duncan's  in  their  pontifica- 
libiifTes;  complimented  his  honour;  but  his  lordfliip  was  fo 
nimble  in  quitting  his  coach,  that  the  orator's  fpeech  was  flior- 
tened  by  falling  upon  his  knees  to  afk  a  bleffing.  The  Arch- 
bifliop  alighted  at  the  town-hall,  went  in,  and  drank  with  the 
Society  ;  talked  of  fubjects  which  they  underftood,  and  behaved 
himfelf  fo  much  like  a  gentleman  and  a  Chriftian  too,  that  he 
has  gained  the  hearts  of  all  parties.  The  Sunday  following  he 
preached  at  Chrift's  Church  ;  broke  all  the  meetings  and  churches 
alio,  for  the  whole  country  and  city  went  to  hear  him.  Yfefter- 
day  admiral  Aylmer  went  through  Canterbury,  in  order  to  go 
on  board  his  ih'ip  at  Margate,  expelling  the  king  to  join  his 
fleet  by  ten  in  the  evening.  I  wifli  I  had  provided  for  next 
Sunday,  though  I  hope  to  be  at  home  before  that  time.  Pray 
excufe  this  epiftle  ;  give  my  fervice  to  every  body,  which,  with 
all  due  refped;  to  yourfelf,  is  enough  at  tliis  time,  I  think,  from 
your  obliged  humble  fervant, 

T.  B. 


P  p  p  2  CLXVI 


476      DR.    STUKELEY    TO    SIR    HANS    SLOANE. 


CXLVL 

In  a  Letter  from  Mr.  Wanley  to  Dr.  Charlett,  Matter  of 
Univerfity  College,  Oxon,  dated  at  Cambridge,  Sept.  21,  1699, 
is  the  following  paflage  ; 

Mr.  Gibfon  •'■■  wrote  to  me  to  know  whether  that  is  true  which 
a  certain  prelate  of  our  church  ftands  charged  with  about  tran- 
fcribing  a  letter  of  Luther's  in  Benet  Library.  I  had  before 
perufed  the  fame  letter  with  the  printed  copy  in  the  Reformation,, 
and  finding  the  difference  between  them  to  be  great,  could  fend, 
him  but  a  melancholy  fort  of  an  anfvver. 


CLXVIIt. 

Dr.    Stukeley's    Mifcellaneous     Obfervations     in    his    Travels- 
through  England,  in  a  Letter  to  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Bart. 

Honoured-Sir,  .  T-fo.d,  oaoba-y,  .^^.i; 

I  was  in  hoi")es  ere  this  time  to  have  been  able  to  give  my- 
felf  the  pleafure  of  filling  a  flieet  to  you  with  natural  remarks 
I  might  have  made  in  my  journey  ;  but  a  fupply  of  that  kind 
not  falling  under  my  obfervation,  I  made  bold  to  fend  you  a 
raifcellany  of  what  occurred,  rather  to  teftify  my  fenfe  of  what 
I  do  in  gratitude  to  fo  worthy  efleemed  a  friend,  than  that  it 
deferves  the  trouble  of  your  perufal.  The  curious  catalogue  of 
trees  and  flirubs  in  Mr.  Ray's  Methodus,  which  are  growing  in 
my  lord  Pembroke's  garden  I  need  only  mention,  becaufe  I 
do  not  doubt  but  you  have  had  a  much  better  rehearfal  of  it 
from  his   lordfliip  than  I  can  make.      We  were  much  furprifed 

*  Afterwards  bilhop.     -f-  From  Dr.  Birch's  MSS.  in  the  Britifli  Mufeum,  N°4432. 

at 


DR.     STUKELEY     TO     SIPv    HANS     SLOANE.      477 

at  Leominfler,  rather  with  the  extravagant  bulk  of  plants  than 
the  variety  of  all  of  the  water  kind,  which  was  no  more  than 
we  ought  to  expe6t  in  fo  moift  a  fituation,  for  four  rivers  run 
through  the  town.  Trees  of  all  forts  ••■  here  flourilh  mightily ;  but 
you  can  fcarce  imagine  that  Coltsfoot  Ihoukl  bear  a  leaf  larger 
than  an  ordinary  tea  table,  or  that  Comfrey  leaves  lliould  be  as 
long  as  my  arm  ;  yet  Mr.  Gale  will  vouch  for  me  in  the  fa6t. 
He  and  I  difputed  a  good  while  about  Borage,  grown  quite  out  ot 
my  cognizance  in  my  landlord's  garden.  As  we  travelled  thence 
to  Ludlow,  we  found  the  Euonymus  Pannonicus  in  the  hedges. 
At  Bewdley,  our  nexf  ftation,  upon  a  rock  in  the  Severn  we 
gathered  Tutfan,  and  at  the  bottom  feveral  forts  of  Lichens. 
Near  here  is  a  famous  hermitage  hewn  out  of  a  great  cliff,  called 
Blackfton  Cave.  It  confifts  of  a  chapel  with  an  altar  at  the  eail; 
end,  a  common  room,  a  ftorehoufe,  a  ftudy  and  bed  chamber. 
Over  againft  it  on  the  other  fide  is  the  feat  of  lord  Herbert  of 
Cherbvu'y,  who  invited  us  to  dinner.  He  has  a  good  picture  of 
William  earl  of  Pembroke,  (the  firft)  knight  of  the  garter,  aild 
founder  of  the  family,  and  a  good  genealogy  of  the  Herberts  by 
Ralf  Brook,  herald.  This  houfe  is  pleafantly  encompalTed  with 
woods,  but  rather  too  near  the  river.  Near  is  the  palace  of 
Tickenhall  on  a  copped  hill,  overlooking  the  town  of  Bewdley 
and  all  the  country  round.  It  was  built  by  Henry  VII.  for  prince 
Arthvir>  Prince  Henry  too  lived  here,  and  fometimes  the  lords 
prefidents  of  Wales.  Wire  foreft  lies  all  round  it,  but  now  de- 
flroyed.  They  dig  coal  hereabout  plentifully,  about  la  yards 
under  ground,  but  it  abounds  too  much  with  a  ftinking  fmoak- 
ing  fulphur.  Bewdley  is  famous  for  nothing  but  a  bnik  trade 
upon  the  river,  wherein  it  exceeds  Kidderminller  but  two  miles, 
off,  though  it  is  much  larger,  in  which  church  lies  a  crofs  legged 
monument  of   Sir   Thomas  A6ton,   knt.  of  St.  John's  of  Jeru- 

*  Crocus  at  Carlton  Meadows,  ami  Hereford. 

falem^ 


j^jS     DR.  STUKELEY  TO  SIR   HANS  SLOAN  E. 

falem.  In  Wolverhampton  chapel  are  fevcral  old  monuments ; 
there  is  a  brafs  llatue  of  Sir  Richard  Levifon,  who  fought  the  Spani- 
ards under  Sir  Francis  Drake  ;  there  is  a  very  odd  old  ftone  pulpit 
in  the  church,  and  (lone  crofs  in  the  church-yard.  Thence  coming 
to  Litchfield  we  croffed  the  great  Watling  ftreet.  The  ca^odral 
here,  though  a  fmall  one,  is  very  pretty ;  it  has  no  brals  infcripi 
tions  in  it,  fuch  being  totally  taken  away  in  the  time  of  the  rebel- 
lion, as  alfo  the  timber  and  lead  roof,  and  all  the  ornaments  defaced. 
From  hence  we  travelled  all  along  the  Ricnal  ftreet  way  to  Derby, 
til  rough  Burton  on  the  Trent,  where  was  a  famous  old  abbey, 
but  now  they  are  pulling  down  the  very  ruins  thereof  to  build  a 
new  church.  Here  is  a  famous  bridge  confifting  of  37  arches. 
Derby  has  live  churches,  the  tower  of  one  is  very  fine ;  but  the 
moft  remarkable  curiolity  is  the  new  ere(51:ed  filk  manufacture, 
not  interfering  with  your  Chelfey,  for  their  only  buiinefs  is  to 
twill  and  wind  it  up ;  the  houfe  is  of  a  vaft  bulk  and  five  or  fix 
ftories  high,  and  it  confifts  intirely  of  one  machine  turned  by 
one  water  wheel,  which  communicates  its  powers  through  the 
whole,  and  acTts  no  lels  than  97,746  feveral  wheels  or  motions. 
The  projeClor  is  laying  the  foundation  of  another  building,  which 
will  be  nearly  as  many  more,  and  then  he  will  employ  about 
700  hands,  as  now  3  or  400,  and  the  new  work  will  likewife 
depend  upon  this  one  wheel.  It  would  be  vain  to  pretend  to 
give  yovi  any  reprefentation  of  this  curious,  and  to  our  appre- 
henfion  ftupendous  complication  of  enginry,  wherein  the  whole 
and  its  feveral  parts  are  fo  admirably  connedled  and  dependent, 
that  (as  they  tell  us)  if  you  ftop  one  wheel  the  reft  ftands  ftill. 
The  gentleman  who  made  it  ftole  the  notion  of  it  from  Italy, 
and  appears  to  be  a  perfon  of  a  wonderful  head,  and  deferves 
extremely  well  of  the  public.  I  was  furprized  at  another  thing  in 
Derby,  that  many  of  the  fair  fex  have  moft  prodigious  thick  necks, 
3  the 


MR.    R.    GALE    TO    SIR    HANS     S  L  O  A  N  E.  479 

the  reafon  of  which  odd  appearance  I  leave  to  your  more  difcern- 
ing  judgment.  It  was  Ibme  grief  to  me  to  fee  very  pretty  women 
fo  ih'angely  deformed.  Whether  it  is  owing  to  the  waters  de- 
fcending  from  the  lead  mines,  or  the  Genius  of  the  place,  I  know 
not.  A  mile  from  Derby  is  a  village  called  Little  Cheller,  where 
once  flood  the  Roman  city  Derventio ;  I  traced  all  the  old  walh;, 
and  found  that  they  daily  dug  up  great  numbers  of  coins,  urns, 
aquedudts,  and  the  like,  and  that  there  are  the  ruins  of  a  bridge 
over  the  neighbouring  river  Derwent.  Hard  by  are  the  remains 
of  an  abbey  at  Darleigh,  as  likewife  Dale  Abbey,  which  I  have 
formerly  vifited  in  company  of  our  friend  Dr.  Mailey. 

From  this  place  we  travelled  by  Wollaton,  a  fine  houfe  of  lord 
Middleton's,   and  an  odd  piece  of  rock  called  Hemlock  Ifonc,   to 
Nottingham,   which  is  a  large  and  populous  town,   but  whether 
more  of  its  inhabitants  live  above  or  under  ground  is  hard  to  fay. 
It  is  built  upon  a  rock  which  ftretches  itfelf  for  a  long  way  Eaft 
and  Weft,   and  I  believe  the  original  poflefTors  of  it  lived  intirelv 
in  caverns  hewn  therein.      The  whole  town  is  at  prefent  under- 
mined moft  ftrangely,   chiefly  with  a  view,  as  far  as  I  perceive, 
oppofite  to  that  which  induces  the  Londoners  to  raife  their  houfes, 
becaufe  there  is  room  enough  upwards.      Here  are  cellars  one  un- 
der another  60  or  70  fteps  deep,   and  wells  fometimes  beneath 
fometimes  above  them,   according  as  the  fprings  happen.      Fre- 
quently when  they  hew  a  new  one,   they  unexpedtedly  fall  into 
an  old  and  undifcovered  one,  and  damps  fometimes  extinguifli 
their  candles  and  furprize  the  people,  efpecially  after  tuiming 
ale.      The  caftle  is  a  moft  noble  and  majeftic  fituation,   upon  a 
very  high  and  fteep  rock,   which  is  cut  through  and  through 
with  great  rooms  and  pailages.      Mortimer's  hole  ••■•■  is  famous,  be- 
ing a  ftaircafe  down  to  the  bottom.      All  round  about  the  rock 
whereon  the  caftle  ftands,  people  have  cut  themfelves  domicils  or 

*  King  of  Scots  granary.. 

liv^* 


4So  MR.    R.    GALE    TO    SIR    HANS    S  L  O  A  N  E. 

live  coffins.  I  happened  liefe  of 'one  Mr.  Pool,  a  great  botanift,  an. 
acquaintance  of  Mr.  Petiver's  ;  Dr.  Sherwood  has  \  ifited  him.  He 
ilie\\ed  us  a  very  large  Hortus  Siccus  of  a  great  many  tomes,  and 
one  particularly  curious  of  moffes,  many  of  which  are  vindefcribed, 
extremely  rare,  beautiful,  and  well  prepared.  I  advifed  him 
next  year,  when  he  has  finiilied  it,  to  fend  it  us  up  to  London,  and 
I  engaged  he  lliould  have  a  reafonable  fum  of  money  for  it,  which 
I  believe  would  be  acceptable  to  him.  We  walked  together  into 
the  park,  where  are  the  ruins  of  an  old  Troglodytic  city,  which 
looks  like  the  baths  of  Dioclefian,  being  a  cliff  excavated  into 
houfes,  and  furrounded  by  the  river  Leen  as  by  a  rampart. 
Here  is  a  chapel  pretty  well  cut,  which  has  been  painted  all  over 
the  infide.  We  obferved  there  many  Liverworts,  Lychnis  Silv. 
9.  Clulii.  Ruta  muraria,  Cerafus  Sylveftris,  Rofa  Pimpanelloe  fo- 
lio odorataCapillus  5,  Umbilicus  ?,  8ic.  Near  Nottingham  is 
Cliffton,  upon  a  high  ridge,  overlooking  the  Trent  and  the  ad- 
jacent country  for  a  prodigious  way.  It  is  a  fine  houfe  and 
garden  belonging  to  Sir  Gervafe  Clifton,  and  I  think  the  fineft 
fituation  I  ever  faw  in  my  life  ;  there  are  feveral  very  good  viftos, 
one  to  Nottingham  caftle  and  town.  The  church  has  feveral 
old  monuments  and  good  painted  giafs.  We  faw  Meffrs.  Plumtre 
and  Gregory  at  Nottingham,  and  in  our  journey  hither  through 
Shirewood  foreft  paffed  by  Sir  George  Savile's  ho\ife  at  Rufford. 

I  hope  to  wait  on  you  at  St.  Luke's  feaft.  Mr.  Gale  joins  with 
me  in  fervices  to  all  our  friends  at  the  Greeks  and  elfewhere. 
I  am,  honoured  Sir,  your  mofl:  devoted  fervant, 

William  Stukeley. 


CLXVIIL 


MR.    FOXCROFT    TO    MR.    CHURCHILL.  485 


CLXVIII. 

Two  Letters  from  the  Rev.  Mr.  Foxcroft  to  Mr.  Churchill  the 
Bookfeller,  who  publiflied  Bifliop  Gibfon's  Edition  of  the  Bri- 
tannia. Tlie  Bifliop  wrote  on  the  Back  of  them,  "  Mr.  Fox^ 
croft's  new  Informations  not  entered." 

O  T  n  Gamflon,  near  Tuxford, 

'^^'^J  Apul  18,  1720. 

Since  Dr.  Piatt  lias  taken  notice  of  the  Viae  Vicinales  of  tlie 
Romans,  it  may  deferve  fome  remark  that  at  the  Crofs,  five  miles 
Lincoinfli.  from  Stamford,  a  way  branches  out  from  the  Ermin- 
ftreet,  which  feems  of  that  kind,  and  leads  to  fome  places  which 
may  be  thought  ftations  or  encampments  of  that  people :  the 
Rutiandfh.  firft  is  Margidunum,  between  Marged-Overton  and 
Ma.g,du„um.  Thiftleton,  which  has  been  ftored  with  Roman  coins 
and  antiquities,  eight  miles  fora  Stamford,  fix  from  Gaufennag 
i.cicefterfl,.  o^"  Brig-Gaflertou  :  the  next  is  what  they  call  king  Lud's 
^^''''^"  camp,   upon  the  heath  near  Saltby,   where  are  fome 

banks  caft  up  which  feem  to  be  ancient ;  the  place  may  be  com- 
puted fix  miles  from  Margidunum.  A  few  miles  farther  North, 
Harefton.  abovc  Harefton,  is  a  very  fleep  hill,  which  may  be 
termed  a  natural  fortification ;  but  there  is  a  narrow  paflage 
about  the  top  of  the  hill,  with  fome  fortification  on  each  fide, 
which  appears  to  be  the  v^'Ork  of  art.  Here  the  way  defcends 
Lkoinfli.  i^'^o  the  Vale  country,  and  at  about  five  miles  diliance 
weftborough.  ^^^^^  ^y  Locg-Benniiigton,  near  Weftborough,  which 
promifes  but  does  not  produce  antiquities.  This  ancient  way 
Nottinghamfli.  P^'^flcs  ovcr  thc  Fofs  a  little  beyond  Newark,  and  goes 
coumlham.  t|ii-e^f^iy  jq  Long  Collingham  ^^accorc1ing  to  Dr.  Gale) 
the  Crococalana  of  Antonine.     The   next   place  confiderable  is 

Q  q  q  Clifton 


48^  MR.    FOXCROFT    TO    MR.    CHURCHILL. 

ciiftoa.  Clifton  hill,  belonging  to  a  town  of  that  name,  where 
there  is  a  red  cliff  near  the  Trent  for  the  fpace  of  a  mile,  which 
though  it  feems  natural,  yet  produces  innumerable  pieces  of 
urns  of  various  colours.  There  have  of  late  years  been  taken 
out  feveral  things,  made  of  a  coarfe  red  earth,  open  at  the  top 
and  bottom,  about  lo  inches  in  length,  8  in  breadth,  and  6 
in  height.  Some  people  have  placed  them  in  their  gardens. 
There  are  many  pieces  of  bones  and  fcalps  to  be  found ;  and 
there  lately  tumbled  out  an  ancient  grave-lione  without  infcrip- 
tion,  but  with  fome  iron  work,  wherewith  the  parts  feem  to  hnve 
been  united.  The  inhabitants  tell  of  fome  pieces  of  lead  with 
figures  upon  them,  and  difcourfe  much  of  Clifton  callle,  which 
they  fuppofe  to  have  been  placed  upon  the  hill. 

On  the  other  fide  Trent,  over-againft  Clifton  church, 
is  Fledborough,  which  has  been  a  much  larger  place 
than  it  now  is.  There  have  been  no  antiquities  difcovered  in 
the  enclofures,  perhaps  becaufe  they  confift  of  grafs  and  little  or 
no  tillage.  There  is  a  fpacious  church  with  many  curious 
figures  in  the  glafs ;  the  twelve  apoftles,  and  near  each  one  an 
article  of  the  creed  ;  Sancftus  Martinus  epifcopus ;  Urfula  cum 
Sociis,  and  many  others.  In  the  choir  is  a  very  ancient  raifed 
monument  (they  fay)  of  the  ancient  family  of  BaflTet. 

The  way  we  purfue  Northward,  but  inclining  to  the  Eaft, 
meets  the  Erming-ftreet  again  at  Marton,  near  Littleburgh  upon 
Trent,  where  remains  of  antiquity  are  difcovered  on  both  fides 
Lincoinih.        thc  watcr,  but  pafles  dire6lly  over  it  to  Gainfijorough 

Gainlborough,  .  11,  ,.  i- 

sidnactftcr.  aud  Sidnacelier.  If  it  could  be  traced  to  the  end,  it 
would  probably  meet  with  the  Fofs  Way,  and  terminate  at  fome 
place  upon  I  lumber. 

I  am  yours,  S:c, 

T.    FoXCROFT. 


CLXIX, 


MR.   FOXCROFT   TO    MR.    CHURCHILL.  487 


CLXIX. 

Suft( 

May  28,  1710. 


Q  Sufton,  near  Bigglefwadc, 


Since  I  prefented  you  with  fome  former  MSS.  of  this  nature  I 
had  an  invitation  to  Bedfordfliire,  to  be  alliftant  to  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Stevens,  re6tor  of  Sutton  in  this  county,  now  in  the  88th  year  of 
his  age.  Being  near  fome  places  of  antiquity,  I  have  made  fome 
remarks. 

What  was  obferved  concerning  a  via  vicinahs  of  the  Romans, 
carried  from  Five  Miles  Crofs  to  Margidunum,  king  Lud's  camp, 
Bennington,  Newark,  CoHingham,  CUfton,  Marton,  Gainfbo- 
rough,  and  Sidnacefter,  needs  not  be  repeated. 

If  we  travel  Southward  from  that  Crofs,  the  Ermin-ftreet  leads 
to  Gaufennae  or  Brig-Cafterton,  thence  near  the  camp  belonging 
to  Durobrivae  or  the  ancient  Cafter,  and  at  a  little  diftance  near 
Huntingdonft.  Chcftcrton.  When  we  have  pafled  Stilton  and  Saltry,  a 
Aukcibury.  ^,-^^  viciualis  feems  to  direft  us  to  Alkmonbury  :  I  will 
not  affirm  it  to  have  been  a  Roman  ftation,  but  believe  it  worthy 
the  notice  of  fome  perfons  better  acquainted  with  it.  Bugden  is 
a  place  that  needs  not  my  remarks. 

Bedfoijfh.  Eaton  is  taken  notice  of  by  Mr.  Camden,  though  not 
as  upon  a  Roman  way,  which  yet  leads  to  Tempsford,  noted  for 
Sandy.  a  DaniPii  camp,  and  Salena  or  Salndy,  famous  for  Roman 

antiquities.  What  I  have  procured  are,  a  ftone  of  brown  flint 
colour,  weighing  about  an  ounce,  with  a  head  refembling  Trajan  ; 
a  large  bead  of  agate  finely  polilhed  ;  the  coins,  Vefpaiian,  Ha- 
drian, Antoninus,  Faullina,  Julia  Moela,  Salonina,  Aurelian,  Gor- 
dianus,  Dioclefian,  D.  N.  Julianus,  P.  F.  Aug.  Gallienus,  Fl.  Jul. 
Helena,  Conitantinus,  Conftantius,  Valens,  Arcadius,  A  lady 
Sutton.-.         who  tabled  here   had  her  lockets  adorned  with  feals  of 

*  A  large  tumulus  is  to  be  feen  here;  urns  have  been  digged  up  about  the  mill, 
and  pieces  of  urns  and  other  vell'els  are  found  in  the  adjoining  field. 

Q  q  q  2  cornelian, 


488        MR.    R.    GALE     TO    SIR    HANS    SLOANE. 

cornelian,  agate,  Sec.  found  by  an  ancient  gardiner  yet  living.  A 
gentleman  of  that  parifli  has  a  red  cup,  out  of  which  they  fre- 
quently drink.  The  re6lor  of  Sandy  has  valuable  coins  and 
curiofities. 

Eiga;icf«ade.  Faffing  by  Bigglefwade,  mentioned  in  the  Britannia, 
stratton.         j.|^g  ^^^^  jg^^^g  ^q  Strattou  in  that  parilli,    vv'hich  feems 

Heitforcifh.  fo  direct  toward  the  difcovery  of  it ;  it  palTes  thence 
Afliweii.  j^g^j,  Afliwell,  which  (though  not  allowed  to  be  the 
Magiovintum  of  Antonine)  is  owned  to  be  a  place  and  work  of 
Roman  antiquity.  For  the  fame  reafon  the  tumuli  near 
Stevenage.  Steveuagc  (which  feems  to  carry  travellers  farther  upon 
this  way)  may  be  fuppofed  of  the  like  antiquity.  Here  I  leave 
the  curious  traveller  (being  inyfelf  a  ftranger)  wifliing  him  a 
furer  guide. 

I  am  your  humble  fervant, 

T.    FOXCROFT, 


GLXX. 

Mr.  R.   Gale  to  Sir  Hans  Sloane. 


Sir, 


Feb.  zZ,  1732-3. 

I  have  had  Ibme  company  that  came  to  dine  with  me  unex- 
peftedly,  and  are  not  yet  in  a  difpofition  to  leave  me,  nor  can  I 
turn  them  out  of  doors.  I  am  much  concerned  this  accident  pre- 
vents my  attending  the  council  this  afternoon,  and  hope  they 
will  pardon  me  for  what  I  cannot  prevent.  I  have  fent  you  the 
eitimate  of  repairing  Mr.  Savill's  houfe  :  Mr.  Weft  or  Mr.  Theo- 
balds will  acquaint  you  with  the  whole  affair ;  fo  I  fliall  add  no 
more,  but  that  I  am,  Sir,  your  moft  obedient  humble  fervant, 

R.  Gale. 

'  A  CLXXI. 


MR.     II.     GALE    TO     SIR     HANS     SLOAN  E.  4S9 

CLXXI. 

Mr.  R.  Gale  to  Sir  Hans   Sloane. 

C    T    R 

•-^  -^  ">  Scruton,  near  Bedale,  Yoiklliire. 

The  reafoii  of  my  defiring  laft  year  to  be  excufed  by  the 
Royal  Society  from  ailing  any  longer  as  their  treafurer  is  now 
evident  from  my  retiring  into  the  country,  wiiere  I  intend  to 
fpend  moft  of  my  time.  I  fliould  not  have  divefted  myfelf  of 
that  honour,  could  1  have  ferved  them  in  it  according  to  the 
truft  they  had  been  pleafed  to  repofe  in  me  ;  and  the  very  fame 
thought  obliges  me  now  to  defire  that  you  would  be  pleafed  to 
give  my  humble  fervice  and  thanks  to  that  illuftrious  body  for  all 
the  favours  I  received  from  them,  and  to  requeft  they  would  be 
pleafed  to  eled:  fome  other  perfon  in  my  room  into  the  council 
for  the  enfuing  year,  that  may  give  better  attendance,  and  be 
of  more  fervice  to  them  in  their  affliirs  for  the  future  than  I  can 
poffibly  be,  though  nobody  can  wifli  better  fuccefs  and  profpe- 
rity  to  them  than  myfelf.  I  do  not  defpair  of  dining  with  you 
and  them  the  next  St.  Andrew's  day  ;  but  not  being  certain,  I  have 
given  you  the  trouble  of  this,  and  to  afflire  you  1  fliall  never  for- 
get how  much  I  am,  Sir,  in  particular,  your  moft  obedient  and 
moft  humble  fervant, 

R.  Gale. 

7b  the  Hon.  Sir  Hans  Sloan e^  bart.  at  his  boufe  near  Blooinsbury 
Square, 


■CLXXII. 


490  MR.    BELL    TO    DR.    NESBITT. 

CLXXIL 
Mr.  Bell  to  Dr.  Nesbitt. 

Q ,  p  Beanpre  Hall,  Norfolk, 

^^'^f  Sept.  20,  1733. 

I  am  extremely  obliged  to  you  for  your  kind  alTiftance  in  pro- 
curing me  leave  to  engrave  fome  medals  from  Dr.  Mead's  col- 
ledions ;  but  Mr.  Vertue,  having  more  bufinefs  than  he  can  dif- 
patch  already  upon  his  hands,  and  being  unacquainted  with  the 
abbreviations,  &c.  found  on  coins,  does  not  care  to  engage  in  a 
work  where  he  may  probably  err,  though  I  purpofed  a  greater 
price  than  other  engravers  demand.  I  muft  therefore  renew  my 
requeil,  and  humbly  beg  the  favour  of  you  to  indulge  the  fame 
liberty  to  Mr.  Kirkall,  an  honeft  plain  man  that  I  have  been  long 
acquainted  with,  and  whom  1  have  directed  to  wait  on  you.  Dr. 
Mead,  I  think,  has  not  a  Didia  Clara  ;  fo  that  if  you  can  pro- 
cure him  liberty  to  draw  one  from  any  other  cabinet,  it  will  in- 
creafe  the  obligation. 

We  had  lately  an  accident  in  a  neighbouring  town  of  a  hay- 
flack  burnt  by  lightning,  the  efFe<51:s  of  which  I  believe  are  un- 
common. The  fire  pierced  the  ftack  perpendicularly,  and  made 
a  kind  of  chimney,  confuming  about  twelve  loads  in  fewer  mi- 
nutes, and  with  fuch  violence  as  to  vitrify  the  afhes.  I  Hiall 
not  defcribe  the  mafs,  which  was  about  200  weight,  but  fend 
you  a  fpecimen  by  a  private  hand  with  a  few  cafls  ;  your  accep- 
tance of  v\hich  will  be  a  favour  to,  Sir,  your  moft  obliged  and 
moft  humble  fervant, 

Beaupre'  Bell,  Jun. 

P.  S.  The  heads  I  defire  to  have  engraved  are  of  Helvius  Per- 
tinax,  Didius  Julian,  Manila  Scantilla,  and  Didia  Clara.  I  have 
got  a  Tiliana  done  at  Oxford. 

INDEX. 


[    *9>     ] 


N       D       E       X. 


yiBERCORN,  320 
'^   Adeti,  230 
Advocates'  library,  324 
Jgelocum,  126 
Alan,  the   red,    221.    223.    227 

the  black,  221.223.230 

Fergant,  221.  223 

Alate  temple,  186 

Alauda,    373 

Aldbcroughy  198 

Alkmiind  \<\ng,  his  monument,  186 

Allerton  Maulyverer,  209 

Aliur  ton,  200 

Alnwick,  fwords  and  fpears    found   at, 

247 
Ahars,  Roman,  v.  ix.  128.  170.  325.441 
Alvereton,  200 

Amblefide,  weapons  found  at,    187 
Amphitiieatres,  antient,  282.  284.  287. 

ad8 
Ampulla,  brafs,  166 
Ancajler,  141 
Annand,  332 
Antiquaries,    Society  of,    xiv.   xv.  62. 

2:?9 
Atttonme's   Itinerary,  published  by  Dr. 

Gale,  iii 
Apollo  on  a  gem,  409 
Appleby,  Roman  infcriptions  at,    325 
Arbogaftes,  coin  of,  306 
Arch,  Roman,  348 
Arkonium,    120.  122 
Arms,  94,    95. — at    Boflon,   67 — 69. 

Tanfield,  134.    Dateof,  239 


ifrZ/jwrdukeof  Britanny,  234,  235.  247. 

250 
Arthur's  oven,    242.  321 — demoliftied 

385,  386,  3S7 
Afbeltos,  228.  231.235.237.238 
AJJnuell,   135,  136.  488 
Atelapius,  464 
After  bury,  bp.  147 
Aukonbury,  487 


B. 


y.  B,  letter  from,  437 

Ball,  game  of,  393 

Balteus,  374 

Bancroft,  abp.  108 

Banks  antient,  108 

^rtrZ)/// infcriptions,  307,  go8 

Barrows,  114.  132 

firtr//oty  hills,    114 

Bath,  17.  The  baths  there,  18.  Me- 
thod of  bathing,  21.  Bas  reliefs  and 
bufts,  20.  The  abbey  church,  23. 
Theatre,  24.    Copper  mill,  ib. 

Be  ceo,  373   ^ 

Bell,  Beaupre,  57,  58,  59,  60.  62.  147. 
150.  169,  176.  178.  181.  290.  302, 
303.  305.  465.  469.471.  490 

Bells,  61 

Bennwvena,  138 

Betitley,  Dr.  175.  490 

BerezVyVJiizx,  94 

Berry,  140 

Bertie,  P.  63 
R  r  r  Bertie, 


49- 


Bertie,  Mr.  187.  429.  431 

Beverley   niinfter,  1S6 — anecdote  of  its 


repair. 


ib. 


Bewdley,  477 

Biggie Ivjade,  488 

Birch,  Dr.  letters  to,  398 — 416 

iilackay  topping,  132.  moor,    133 

Blac/crnore  foreft,  13  j 

Blachjicn  CTi\e,  4*77 

Black-well,   Mr.  his  tour,  171 

Blaium  Bulgiuiii,  256.  253*  256*  330 

Blomfield''s  Hiitory  of  Norfolk,   170 

Boat,  antient,   241 

Boerhaave'' s  chemiftry,   if^ 

Bogdani,  Mr.  58.  61,  63.  65 

Bone,  leaden,  155,  136—161 

Borough  field,  1 1 4 

Bojion  Society,  432 

i?c/?o;2  de  Scriptoribus,   191 

Botany,  477.  486 

Bottle,  Itone,    184 

Boxdnefs,  253*.  329,  330.  448 

Bouftrophecion  infcription  fictitious,  434 

Bowes' s  letters,  182 

Bowyer,   Mr.  96.  391.406 

Boyd,  Zachary's  MSS.  321 

Bnuha,   3  7  I 

Brafiipton,   1^6 

Brafs  inllrument,  170 — arins,  187,  iSS. 
226 — 228.  233.  248,  249 

Brian  earl  of  Richimond,  221.  227.  229 

Brigantia  dea,   290.  348.  442 

Brijiol,  15.  Cathedral  and  public  build- 
ings, 16.  RedclifF church,  ib.  Almf- 
houfes,   17. 

Britain,  its  language,  whence,  363.  five 
diticrent  in  it,   378 

Britannia,  dea,  441 

Britannlcus  on  Coins,  97 

Britans,  q.  if  they  had  coins,   150 

Britilh  coins,   149 

Bronze  figures  found  near  London,  187 
bulf  at  Bath,   146 

Brooke,  Dr.  419 

Bruce,  fir  William,  his  houfe,   357 

— —  fir  Michael,  demoliflied  Arthur's 
Oon,  385,  6,  7 


INDEX. 

Brunfwork,  253*.  256.  3*5 

Bullen,  Anne,  302 

Burford,    1 4 

Burgh  ley,  lord,   168 

Burghus,   140 

Burgodunum,   1 9 1 ,    192 

Burial-place,     Roman,    79.    184 — mode 

of,  229 
Burnet,  bifhop,  hishiflory,  449 
Burning  the  dead,  72 
Burrou^hhridge,    198 
Burton  abbey,   478 
Bury  R.  de,  his  Philobiblon,  180 
Bufl,   bronze,  ix.  52.  146. 
Butter,  Mr.  409 
Button,  Mr.  60 
Bjrennes,  532* 

C. 

Cacr,  223 

Cafar,  Julius,  his  coins,   153 

C air  in,  258 

Cairn  at  Otterborn,   259 

Cambridge,   Mr.  BlackwclTs  account  of, 

174. — Theatre,  92. — Library,  115 
Camp  on  St.  George's  hill,  196 
Camp  ciofe,  197 
Camulodunum,   112.  11  7 — i  1  9 
Camulus,  infcription  to,  307. 
Canoe,  241,  242 
Canon  regular,  241,  242.  321 
Canoniuniy  117 
Canterbury,  antiquities  difcovered    near, 

281 
Caraufius,  coins  of,  77,  79.  169 
Carijbrook  Callle,  37 
Carron  river,  241,  242.  321 
Cojfjbelaris  coins,    149.  434 
Carrus,  373 
Cafile  guard,  133 

CaJIra  Exploratorum,   256.  25 6*.  325 
Cajtrum  alatum,   236 
Cataradonium,  20Q 
Cattrail,   440 
Caufennis,   141 
Cauthorn  borough s,    133- 

Cave, 


I      K 


D 


X. 


49. 


Cavf,  celts  found  at,  248 

Celtic  language,   240.  246 

Celts,   187,  247,  248.  251,  252 

Chapels,  what,  22^ 

Chaucer,  piftiire  of,   169 

Chcjlerford,   1 1 3 

Chejhrton,    124,     125  —  antiquities  at, 

Chichejler,  39.  96. — infcription,  395.  398. 

405.  and  coin?,  394.    2d   iiifcriptiou, 

461,  462,  463 
Church,  wooden,  412,  413 
Claremont,   197 
Clarke,  William,  96.  391.  406 

Alurcd,   190 

Clepfydra,  60 

Cleric,  fir  John,  his  letters,  146.  226.  231. 

237.    249.  253.   255*.   257.    260  3. 

273.    277.    295.   297-9.    300.    320. 

324-  334-  33S-  3-13-  348-  35°-  35^- 
357.  385.  448.  462. — On  the  papyrus 
and  ftylus,  ix. — Tour  from  Edinburgh 
to  Giafgow,  220 — ro  Whitehaven, 
326. — to  the  Highlands,  356 — 360. 
his  feats,  324. — His  enquiry  into  the 
language  of  Great  Britain,  362 

Clifton,  480.  486 

Clyde  and  Forth,  Gordon's  fcheme  to 
join,  250.  253 

Coal  mines,    258, 

0^334—340 
Coffin,  183 

Cogidubnus,  995.  398.    405 

Cohors  Batavorum,  239 

Cohors  Delmalarujn,  229 

Coins,  345. — Roman,  found,  49.  71.96, 

97.  169.    191.   285.   286.   303,  304. 

324.  487.— rCeltic,  56. — BritiUi,  149. 

Greek,  294.  309. — Mr-  Folkes's,  464 
Coins  found  at  Elm,  465 — 9 
Col i fee,  288 
Collingkam,  485 
Comet,  350—352.  354 
Co?)iius'  coins,   151 
Comn  earl    of  Riclimond,    231, 

earl  of  Britany,  222 
Conduit i  Mr.  141 


259.  327.  antiquity 


232 


Ctn/ecranei,  281 

Conf.o;ice  duchefs  of  Britany,  232 — 235 

Conjiantine's    vifion    of  the    crofs,    305, 

306,   coin,    341.   3P8.   not   born  in 

Britain,  45 3.. .Go 
Conftantius,  coin  of,  443 
Cony,  Mr.  his  letter   o  Pv.  Gale,  49 
Copperas  work,  328 
Corbridge  lilver  cable,  ^']>  62.  65 
Coriatae,  231 
Cotcnbjm,  290 
Cowes,  Ea(l  and  Weft,  37 
Cowcy  /lakes,    196.  474 
Cox,Mv,  59.401.419 
Cr amend,  329 
Cropthoni,    133 

Croxden  abbey,  foundation  charter,    388 
Croyland,  weft  front,  ftatues  on,  4:9 
Cunobelinc's  coins,  149.  131.  153 

D. 

Dale  abbey,  479 

Dalguife,  359 

Dalmatian  language  and  cohort,  229 

Danijh  urns,  281,  282 

Darlcigb,  479 

Daval,  Mr.  416 

Dflvcrs,  admiral,  392 

Dejrino^,  Dr.  428 

Dennt-y,  ^70 

Denton,  Pioman  pavement  at,  141 

Derby,  478. — neck,  478 

Derventio,  479 

Devil's  ditch,  438 

Digamma,  ..^olic,  175 

Dilloiins,  319 

Diver,  41 1 

Doncajler  Society,  98 

Z)(;rt/&f/?t'r,  antiquities  at,   105.109,    HO 

Drake,  Mr.  his  letters,  440.  443 


Dreux,  Peter  dc, 
Driffield,    168 
DrumcricJ,  254* 
—     Dumfries,   3  c; 2 
Dun  Eden,  2^0 
Dunkcld,  359 

Rrr  2 


230- 


Duri- 


•  94  I        N        D 

Durobriv/e,   141,  183 

Dumobriva,   135,  136,   137,  138,  139, 

E. 

Eaftern  MS.  429 

Eaton,  487 

Edi?!.,  230 

Edinburghy  C36.  323.     Roman  arch  at, 

348 
Edmund'' s  St.  corpfe,  its  removals,  412 
Ecclejachan,  325 

Eccup,  Roman  coins  found  at,   161 
Echinus  and  echinite,  412, 
Hclipfe,  folar,   334 
Eger ton  hill,   107 
Egitha,  99 
Egyptian  Society,  102.347 

Gods,   103 

Elenhoro\  turauiusnear,  444 

Elm,   169.470. — Coins  found  at,  465 — • 

469 
Elinbam  urns,    187 
£//a,Mr.  1:6 
El/is,iiT  R.   31^ 
Ely  regifters,  470-1.  Hiflory  of  intended 

by  Dr.  Knight,  472 
E?ifield,  47 

£«^///?)  language,  whence,  363 — 384 
Eudo  earl  of  Bretagne,  222 


F. 


Falkncr,  Mr.  58,  59.  428 
Fmijlina,  coin  of,  300.  303,  304.  348 
Fcrgant,  what,  225 
Fever,  412 

Fibulce,  Roman,   62.  255.  44.6 
Flamboro',    134 
Fledborciiigh,  486 
Flint  arrow,  317,  318 
Flood,  414 
Folkes,  Mr.  42  3.  464 
FoJfe-WA)',   107.  109 
FoJJiion,   107 

Fowl  wild,  flight  of,    261.  263 — 277. 
*79 


E       X. 

Fo;^,  Mr.  life  of,   168 

Foxcroft,  Mr.  his  letters,  485 — 488 

Fram,  374 

Frant  river,   17 

Froft,  340 


Gainjborough,  4S6 

Gale  family,  account  of,   !•  387 

• Dean  Thomas,  i. — His  epitaph,  iv. 

publications,  v.  vi., 

• Theophilus,  vi. 

Roger,  vii.  x.  xi.    Epigram,  429. 

Works,  vii.— ix. — R^egiftrum  honoris  de 
Richmond,  viii. — Account  of  North- 
allerton, 200—212 — of  Scruton,  215 
— 219 — Letters,  77.  85.  109.  117. 
120.  123.  1:57.  144.  243.  251.  335. 
488,  489 — Tour  in  Scotland,  323. 
341.  388.  393. — On  Rolliich  ftones, 
224 — On  the  earls  of  Richmond  and 
Britanny,  221 

Samuel,    xi — xiv.    xvi.     His   tour 

in  England,  i — 48.  195. — Letters  to 
Dr.  Ducarel,  i.  195. — to  Dr.  Stukeley, 
185. — On  the  birth  of  Conftantine  the 
Great,  453—460 

Elizabeth,  xiv. 

Gain,  375 

Garden,  Dr.  his  account  of  flone  menu 
ments  in  Scotland,  232 

Gate,  Roman,   187 

Geffrey,  fon  of  Conan  duke  of  Britanny, 


232 


Genebrier  on  Caraufius,  77.  80 
German  language,  the  origin  of  Englifh, 

363—384 
Geta^   coins  of,    311,  312.314 
Geefe,  wild,  263 
Glafgow..  321 
Glafs,  Mr.  Johnfon  on,  63 — Painting  on 

revived,  4 
Gloucejler,    14.       Cathedral   and   whif- 

pering-place,   15 
Goodman,  Mr.  his  letter,  142 

Gold, 


I       .N        D        E        X. 


495 


Gold,  antient  piece  of,  280.  297.  299. 

mines,  322 
Golizius'  d&{igns,  407-8 
Gordon,  Alexander,   58.   226,  227.  233. 

237,  238,  239.   244.  250.  253.  284. 

295 
Go/port,   31.35. 
Grant  brim  church,   147 
Grafliopjer,  verfes  on,  432 
Green,  Dr.   57.  59,  60.  319.  392.  401. 

409   412 
Green' and,    iiiflory  of,  76.  78 
Gicenjied  c\:i\Xi\.hy  412 
Greta  r.  143 

Cretabridge.  antiquities  at,  142-3 
Grey,    monumtut    of,     134.    Mr.    171, 

172 
Cronoviusy  his   colle£lion  of  coins   fold, 

318 
Guilford,  42 
Guthlac,  life  of,  430 


H. 


Hadfock,  1 1 4 

Hairbnll,  392 

HawzY/ow  and  houfe,  322 

Hammer  head  of  llone,  19,1 

Hampton  Court,  42 

Harejion,  485 

Hartford,   136 

Haywood,  Dr.  1  23 

Heighhigton,  Dr.  429 

Hemlock  ftone,  479 

Herbert,  Lord,  of  Cherbury's  feat,  477 

Hertfovdjhire,  Roman  ftations  in,  135 

Hicltei,  Dr.  419.  421 

Highlands,  358 — No  Roman  forts  or 
camps  in,  360 — language,  effay  on, 
240.  24.5,  246.  450 

Highlanders,  358.  362 

Hill,    Mr.  95 

Hoel,   duke  of  Britanny,  224,  225 

Holbechc,  93 

HorJJey,  Mr.  his  letters,  259.  291 — Dr. 
Stukeley's  obfervations  on  his  Bri- 
tannia Romana,  447,  4^8 


Horologium,  60 

Horfes,  why  czWcA  publici,  437 

How,  J?",  fermon  by,  316 

Howard,  Henry  earl  of  Suffolk,  his  letter, 

194 
Hunter,  Dr.   179. — his  letters,  162.  182. 

intends  an   edition    of  R.  de   Rury's 

Philobiblon,     180,    and    the   Bowes 

letters,   182 
Hunnin.'ton,   51 
Hutibinfon,  Dr.  420 
Hydrophobia,  260 
Hypocdult,   187 


Ilk  let  on,    114 

jlernegans  ciftern.  So 

Imprefliuns  of  coins,  425 

Infcriptions  at  Lincoln,  70. — Lanchefler, 

262 — others  70,   71.  73.  82,  83,  84. 

86.  96.    128.    144,   145,    146.   239. 

307,   308.  321.  1^25.  3:^0,  331.344. 

354-  395-  398-  405-  46 i 
John  I.  duke   of   Britanny  and    earl  of 

Richmond,  238 — 246 

II.  246,  247 

111.251 

IV.  duke  of  Britanny  253 

V.  duke  of  Britanny,  257 

earl  of  Montforr,  252,  253 

——of  Gaunt,  253,254 

Johnson,  Maurice,  his  letters,  51,  52. 

57.   bo.   67.  71.  75.  81..  84.  90.   97. 

100.  146.   187.  282.287.  3'Ij3^6. 

344-   339-  398.  40I' 403- 406.  409, 

4.12.  417.  419.   428.  433. — dillerta- 

tions  by,  63 

John,  421 

George,  413 

Walter,  59.410.428.436. 

INIr.  at  Pan.ima,  290 

Iriih  language,  24.0.  246.  360 
7/y?7for//:' hundred  map  of,   195 
liuruan,   igy,  198 
Ives,  Mr.  412 
Jurin,  Dr.  414 


A7>!- 


49  S 


K. 


Kenncf,  bifliop,  98 
Kcnfiiigton,  47 
Kfntchcjler,   120 
Kidiierminjlery  47  7 
Kilfythy  321 
Kinrofje,   357 
Kirkfanton,   14? 
Knight,  Dr.  167.  18S.  472 
Mr.  190,   191 

L. 

LafJorOiiian,   1 5  5 .  .1 3  8 

Lancbejler,  infcriptions,  262 

■Language,  Engliih,  of  Saxon  origin,  363 

Lantrozv,  Mr.  his  letter,  460 

Leaden  bone,  155,  156 — fkuli,  157. — 
161 

Leming  lane,  197.  199 

Leominjter,  477 

Letbieidl'ier,  Mr.  his  letter,  450 

Lichfield,  478 

Lincoln,  Roman  infcriptions  at,  70— 
miftaken  for  Londinum,  122 — min- 
der, 187 — Roman  gate,  187 — antient 
fepulchres  at,  165 

Linum  AJbefiinum,   zii.  231.  233.  237 

Little  bury,    113.  126 

Littlechcjler,  479 

Ltltlccot,  Roman  pavcmenc  at,    254 

Londjhorough  paik,  Roman  road  in,  440 

Long,  Dr.  418 

Loon,  59 

Lowthey,  fir  James,    327 

Ludlow,  477 

Luther's  letter  falfified,  476 

Lynn,  Mr.  57.  423 

Lyitelton,  biQiop,  425.  431 

M. 

Machin,  Mr.  on  the  flight  of  fowls,  re- 

m.'rks  on  by  fir  |.  Clerk,  273 — 277 
Mcigiovintum,   135,    136.138,   139.488 
Maiden,  what,  474 
Maiden  boure,  326 


K        D        E        X. 

i\f«n/wcaftle,  100 

Mai tt aire,  Mr.  316 

Manerium,   what,  94 

Mcingey,  Dr.  190 

Mirch,  Roman  coins  found  at,  \S^,  164* 

169 
Marga,  373 
Margidunum,  485 
Marmion  monument,   1 34 
Martyn,    Mr,  his  colleftion  of  Roman 

coins,  477 
Mary  queen  of  Scots,  where  confined, 

358 
Majjey,  Dr.  428.  470 
Maiunbnry,   107 
Manns  Sank,   324 
Mead,  Dr.  316.  318 
Mechanics,  292,  293 
Medal  of  Zcland,  391 
Middkby  camp,  253*.  l^S 
Moffat  waters,  325 
Mortimer,  C.  his  letter,   155 
Mortimer's  hole,  479 
Mofs  of  Drumcrief,  254*  267.  273.  333 
Muller,  John,  57 


N. 

Neal,  Mr.  167 

Nehalennia  a^itucs  and  infcriptions,  353, 

354.  355>  356 

Nero,  coin  of,    447 

Netherby,  infcription,  450 

Neve,  Mr.  T.  98.  319.  410.  414.  417 

NewcajUe  collieries,  334,  335,  336 

Newcome,  Dr.  418 

Newgate,  i 

Newport  Pagnell,  bones  impregnated 
with  lead  found  at,   156 

Newton's  Chronology,  142  —  birth- 
place, family,  and  picture,  142 

Norclijfe,  Mr.  75.  77 

Norto,  Mr.  1S5 

Northallerton,  hiftorical  account  of,  hj 
Mr.  R.  Gale,  200. — 212.  Roman 
town,  343. — burrough,  208 — market 
and   fair,   210 — caftle,   203 — maifon 

dieu, 


N 


D 


E 


X. 


497 


dieu,  204. — 9r.  John's  hofpital,  205 
— church  206 — fchool,    215.  220 

Norzviiy,  articles  from,   75 

Notti7igha?n,   479 

l^ympha  Dca,    145 

O. 

Onna,  141 

Otho,  coin  of,  343,  344.  462.464. 

Olterborn,    cairn  .r,  259 

Outitell,  469,  470 

Oxford,  2.  U.iiverfity,  3.  Theatre, 
ib.  Aflimolean  Mufeum,  ib.  Schools, 
4.  Bodleian  Library,  ib.  Pifture 
Gallery,  5  Chrilt  Church,  6.  New 
College,  lb.  Trinit)  College,  7. — 
Phyfic  Garden,  8.  Brazcn-noze  Col- 
lege, 8.  His,  ib.  St.  John's  College, 
ib.  St.  Alban's  Hall,  ib.  Magdalen 
College,  9.  C^eeu's  College,  ib. — 
Merton  College,  10.  All  Souls  Col- 
lege, ib.  Univerfity  College,  11. — 
•Lincoln  Cc^tCge,  ib.  Wadnam  Col- 
lege, ib.  City,  lb.  Cathedral,  ib. 
St.  Mary's,  12.  Alhallows,  ib, 
Callle,  ib. 


P. 


Peter  of  Savoy,  carl  of  Richmond,  243 
Peterborough  Society,  98.  389.  394.  405, 

420.  432,  434 — Chartuiaries,  98 
Petwortl},  40 
Pharos,  134 
Phottus,    175 
Piils  work  ditch,  440 
Pipes  of  baked  earth,  49,  50 
Pitehhy,  98 
r.  L.  C.  on  coins,   313 
Plaee,   Mr.  his  letter;  105 
Plagia  on  tapeftry,  285.  290 
Plailter  256*,   painted,  257 
Plants,   103 

Piatt,   Mr.  184  _■ 

Poeocke,  Dr.  420 
Polypus,   384,   385 
P  ornery.,    106 
Port/mouth,   31 

Pownall,  captain,    165  ; 

Pratorium,    134 
Proper tius  correfted,  436 

^wcetanuSy   who,  288,  289. 
R. 


Paciivius,  85 

Paigle  dikes,    113 

Painting  antienr,  3i(5.  318 

Pap  cajlle  ruins,  445 

Parkins,   Mr.  291.427 

Patera,   127 

Patrick,  biihop,  life  of,  168 

Paul's  fchool,  ii. 

Paulinus,   St.  relief  of,   186 

Pavement,   teffeliated,     141.   197.    199. 

254-  45^-  4^2 
Pearl,   290 

Peck,  Mr.  98— robbed,    185 

Pegge,  Mr.    284 — on  a  Roman  infcrlp- 

tion,  84.  86 — 89 
Pembroke^  earl  of,   448,  449 
■  William  eail  of,  portrait  of 

him,  477 
Pcnnycuick,  325 


Ramfey,  30 

Rai.d,   Mr.  his  MSS.  472 

Rattle  fnake,  281 

RawHnfon,  Dr.  193 

Ray,   Mr.  57,  58.  63.413 

Receipt,   62 

Red  Marjhall,  98 

Refellcy  what,  389 

Regijlruiii  Honoris  de  Richmond^  viii.  94 

Richboro',  115 — 117 

Richmond  ^\\d]inv^^\\ny,  earls  of,    221 — 

260. — tower  at,  231 
Rigaltius,  436 
Rigden,  Mr.  418 
Ring,  65.317.  319. — found   in  Sweden, 

76,    77.     113,     114.     126.     128,    12t),. 

130.  163,  164.  183.  191..  198 
Road,   Roman,  50.  440 
Robin  Hoca's  well,  epigram  on,  429 
Robin/on,  Mr.  132 

Rciti: 


498  I        N        D 

Hollricb  {iones  defcribcd,  224,  225 

Romana,  325 

Roman  coins,  71. — cannps,  iii  123.129. 
133.— pavement,  141. — town,  295. — 
vafes,  114.  —  buiying-place,  79, — 
roads,  50.  114,  115.  132.  325.  485— 
488 

Rofamond,  pitfiure  of,  319 

Roufh,  Mr.  444,  445,  446 

Rcwlnnd,  Mr.  419 

Roy/Ion,  427 

RuthcrforibjDv.  ^iZ 


E 


X. 


s. 


St.  Vincent'' s  rock,   17 

Salcna,   137.  139 

Salisbury,   MSS.  in  chapter  houfe,  190 

Salmon,   N.  his  letters,   135.  149 

Salt  by,  485 

Sandy,  115.  120.  135,  136.  139.  487 

Sarum  Old  (^Sofbiodunum),  27 

New,  28.     The  catliedral,  28. 

Scarborough,  conftitution    and  ufage   of 

ihe  borough,  2 1 3 
Scorpion  on  coins,  2 85.  289 
Scotland,  gold  and  filver  mines,   322 
Scots  dyke,  43^5  439 
Scotts  nick,  438 

Scriiton,  defcription  of,  215 — 219 
Scurfs,  what,  216 
Seal,    65.    71.  100.   127. — When  ufed, 

240.  256,  257.  302 
Sepulchres,  antient,  16^ 
Scrvona,  389 

Shap,  druidical  temple  at,   387 
Sharp,  Dr.  182 
Shekock,  Mr.  413 
Shield,   Woodward's,   253.  256* 
Sidnacejkr,  486 
Signa,  Bells,  61 
Silkmills,  478 

Simp/on,  Mr.  of  Lincoln,  83,  84.  408 
Sion  houfe,   195 
Sijlrum,  347 
Skull,  leaden,  157 
Shane,  fir  Hans,  385 
Small  pox  cafe,  5S 


Smart,   Peter,  iCz 

Stniih's  ode  on  Pococke,  addrelTed  to 
Urry,  422,   3 

of   Woodllon,  432 — his  lift   of 

Sheriffs,  83.  103 

Snell,  Mr.  his  letters,  163 

Solarium,  60 

Soldurii,  371 

Solway  frith,  332 

Somerby,  antiquities  at,   148 

Somcrjham,   1 1 5 

Sorbiodunum,  27 

Southampton,  30 

Spar  us,  374 

Spalding  Society,  51.  81,  82.389.  394. 
398.  403.410,  411.  417.  434.  461. 
463,  464.  476.—- Minuses,  10^:. — 
Prints  ranged,  65. — Members  of  it, 
83. — Plan  of  the  town,  52. — Play- 
houfe,  433. — Seal,  100. — Deed,  109. 

Sparke,  Mr.  92,  93 

Splttup  crofs,  438,  439 

Stagg,   Mr.  59 

Stainford  Brazen-nofe  foci    y,  420. 434 

Standing  ilones,  223 

Stansfield,   1 3 

Stephen  earl  of  Richmond,  224.  229, 
230 

Stevenage,  488 

Stokkys,  413 

Stonehenge,  24. — model  in  wood,  185. 
464 

Stones,  circles  of,  74. — in  Scotland,  221. 
223. — hammer,  291 

Stratford,   lie, 

Strait  on,  488 

Streeter,  475 

Streiton,   107.  109. 121 

St  ret  ley,   1 1 4 

Strype,  Mr.  168 

Stukeley,  Great,  115 

Stukeky,  Dr.  90.  100.  112.  II5.  241. 
255*.  392.  428,  429.  447. — letters, 
309.  to  R.  Gale,  50.  141.  147.  346. 
384.  461. — Maur.  Johnfon's  account 
of  him,  51. — His  Palacographia  Sacra 


17 


6. 


'9-3^5 


-Obiervations  in  York- 


iliire,  186. — on  antient  myfteries,  311;. 


Origiucs 


I 


N 


D 


E 


X. 


Origines  PioyRonienfes,  427. — Griite- 

rus  Ih-itannicLis,  449 
Stylus,  fir  J.  Clerk  on,   278.280 
Sun,  fpots  in,  349 
Sutton,  4^:7 

Thom;i<!,  his  epitaph,   it^S 

Swords,  ancient,  247.  2^9.  250.  255 

T. 

Tabula  AuguftiT,  by  Mr.  Bell,  303.  305. 

344.  343-  49c' 
Tabula  Ifiaca,  315 
Tailla,  what,  94 
Taloire,  horologium  at,   60 
Tanfitld,  IV.  toaibs  and   monuments  at, 

134 
Tannery    Mr.    190.  bifhop,    289.   427. 

472,473 
Tatbzvell,   Dr.  412.  416 

Tay  river,   358,   359 

Taylor,  Dr.  4 1 8 — account  of,   66 

Temple,     Roman,     113 — Britifti,    188. 

387 
Tempsford,  1 1 5 

Terlullian,  436 

Thames,  where  croffcd   by   Ca;far,   196. 

197 

Theatre  at  Cambridge,  92 

Ticktnhall,  477 

Timber,  foffil,  254* 

THchfield,  31 

Titley,  Mr.  verfes  by,  6t,.  65 

Todd,  John,  his  letter,  211 

Tongue,  woman   fpeaks  plain   without, 

313 
Trajan,  coin  of,  446 

Tree  foffil,  333 

Trimipington,   114.  120 

Tumulus,  444.  487 

Tunnocelum,  320.448 

Twells,    Dr.  Leonard  [not  Mattheiv  as 

mifprinted],  account  of,  189 

U. 

VafaMyrrhina,  52 

Venus  found  at  Spalding,  52 

Veriue,  Mr.  425 


VefTd,  Jcwifh,  385 
Ulphus'  horn,  xiii. 
Univerfity  of  Edenburgh,   322 
Urn   full  of  Iloman   coins,    49. 
6 

1C6. 


Urnl 


I  29. 


I  70. 


183. 


49$; 


■Gbrs 


1  u  /  . 


127 

282.  ^4S 
Urry,   Smith's  addref3  to,  422 
Uxbridgc,  2 


WWi^V  caufewav,  132 

ITaldoi,  112.  118 

Wall  of  Antoninus,  320,  321 — Severns, 

329-^33i.  332 
Wallace's  oak,   321 

Waller,  Dr.  155.  157 

Wailin,  Mr.  4 1 1 

Walls,  a  Roman  camp,  123 

Walpole,  Roman  antiquities  found  at,  49 

Walton,  fortification  at,  47 -[.  —  bridge, 
I  96 

Wa7idlebury,  114 

Wanlev,  Mr.  his  letter,  476 

IVanJlead,  Roman  antiquities  at,  450,  i 

Warburton,  Mr.  his  letter,  438 

Waje,  Mr.  his  letter,  436 

Waterbeck,  470 

Waterfpour,  413 

Weapons  found  at  Amblefide,  187 — > 
brafs,  187.  226.  228.  233 

Weldon  pavement,  i  83*  462 

Welney,  1 69 

H'V//Z)  language,  380.  3S2 

WeJIey,  Mr.  Samuel,   61 

Wejlboroiigh,  485 

Wheelfell,  438 

WhcrfxxMtr,   145 

Whitby,  134 

Whitehaven  collieries,  327  —  copperas 
work,  :^2  8 — Roman  altar,  329 

Witkins,  Dr.  1  9 1 

Williams,  Dr.  418 — His  application  to 
be  mafter  of  Magdalen  college,  Cam- 
bridge, 194. 

-  —  Mr.   his  letter  on  Fergant, 


225 
S  s  s 


mi- 


I         N 

his    grant 


to 


500 

iVilliain    the  Conqueror, 

A\x\\  fjHirious,  226 
IVilion,    21;  I.    298.    300 — plants,    ^^76. 

253.  256* — houfe,  26 
IVincbeJfer,  hidory  of,  xii.  xli'u 
Ji'ingfield,   Mr.  435 
7f??-f"foreft,  477 
"T/f,  Mr.  his  letters,    294.  435 — on  the 

White  horfe,  185 — a  gold  coin,  464 
Wollatton  hally  479 
'Wolverhtimpton,  478 
Woodcocks,  264,  265 
Woodwards  fhield  and  fofliJs,  I5_5.  253 


D        E        X. 

fVorms^  iufcriptions  at,  82.  83 
Y. 


Tarm,  flood  at,  414 
I'ork,  dilcoveries    at,    77,  7S — Reglfler 
of  the  hofpital  at  St.  Leonard's  there, 

Toutig,  Dr.  93 

Z. 
Zeland,  medal  of,  39 1 


BIBLIOTHECA 

TOPOGRAPHICA 

BRITANNICA 

N°  XL 


CONTAINING 


The  History  and  Antiquities  of  Croyland 
Abbey,  in  the  County  of  Lincoln. 

[Price  Seven  Shillings  and  Six  Penc«.] 


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livion. Original  Pieces  have  been  called  in  to  tiieir  Aid,  and 
formed  a  Phalanx  that  might  withttand  every  Attack  from  the 
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well  as  Value  of  Libraries. 

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not  confined  to  the  fame  Price  or  Quantity  of  Sheets,  nor  always 
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impartial  Reafon. 


m 


1 


T  H  B 


HISTORY     AND     ANTI  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 


O  P 


CROYLAND-ABBEY, 


IN       THE 


COUNTY       OF        LINCOLN. 


Gorgitemultarum  Cruland  ambitur  aquarum, 
Pifcibus  &  rivis  quoniam  redimitur  amoenis: 
Multiginis  latum  dat  pifcibus  unda  natatum> 
Suppeditat  gurges  foenura  quoqnc,  pabula,  pifccs. 

Anonymui  in  Vita  Guthlaci. 


LONDON, 

PRINTED    BY    AND     FOR     J.     NICHOLS, 

PRINTER    TO    THE    SOCIETY     OF    A  N  T  1  Q.U  A  R  I  E  S; 

AND  SOLD  BY  ALL  THE  BOOKSELLERS  IN  GREAT   BRITAIN  AND  IRELAND, 

MDCCLXXXIIF. 


C     V     ] 


P  R  E  F  A  C  E. 

"WHEN  I  was  a  youth,  and  began  to  have  an  inclination  to 
**  the  fludies  of  Antiquity,  1  vifited  Crowland  Abbey,  and  now 
"  once  at  leaft  in  the  year,  my  affairs  calUng  me  that  way,  I 
"  vifit  it  with  as  much  pleafure  as  Petrus  Blejenfis  formerly  looked 
"  upon  it :  anfequam  folidam  terram  tererem,  in  medio  morifco- 
**  fepties  aitt  fepius  frana  rejle&ens^  veflrwn  fan^ijfmium  inonajie- 
**  rium  refpicienSj  &'  intimo  corde  benedicens  *." 

I  MAKE  no  apology  for  beginning  the  preface  to  this  work 
with  the  words  of  a  great  mafter  in  antiquity,  though  I  have  not. 
had  fo  frequent  opportunities  of  revifiting  a  fpot  whence  my  ca- 
reer of  antiquarian  purfuits  literally  began  1756,  and  which  I 
reviewed  with  equal  if  not  greater  pleafure  laft  fummcr,  having 
directed  my  pilgrimage  thither  once  during  the  intervening  26 
years. 

The  fame  defire  to  do  juftice  to  thofe  almoft  Grecian  figures 
that  decorate  its  fplendid  front,  which  made  me  v/ifli  to  have 
fent  Mr.  P.  S.  Lamborn  from  Cambridge  in  1759,  after  my  lirft 
vifit,  to  make  drawings  and  engravings  of  them,  when  I  had  not 
intereft  to  procure  pecuniary  encouragement  for  fuch  an  under- 
taking, fuggefted  the  idea  of  prompting  Mr  John  Carter  to  make 
aflcetch  of  it  when  he  was  in  thole  parts  the  fummer  before  the 
laft.  This  induftrious  young  man,  into  whom  I  thought  the  fpirit 
of  Vertue  was  paft  by  a  metempfychofis  not  unfamiliar  to  profef- 
fors  of  antiquity,  executed  his  commiflion,  and  produced  wJiat 
the  diitance  of  near  twenty  years  feemed  a  very  faithful  drawing, 

*  Stukcley,  Palsographia  Brit.  N"  II.  p.  34... 

and 


vi  PREFACE. 

and  deferving  to  be  engraven  as  the  fureft  mode  ofpreferving  thefe 
elegant  morceaux.  The  choice  of  the  draughtfman  pointed  to  the 
burin  of  xVlr.  Watts,  with  whom  a  treaty  was  formed  ;  and  a 
lublcription  was  fet  on  foot,  which  fucceeded  beyond  my  warmeft 
willies.  Whether  the  engraver  defpaired  of  encouragement, 
or  over-rated  his  labour,  is  not  eafy  to  be  determined.  He  broke 
his  engagements  in  an  unhandfome  manner,  by  enhancing  his 
tlemand  before  his  employers  were  fure  of  their  own  fuccefs. 
Mr.  Baiire  was  therefore  engaged  to  execute  the  tafk  ;  but  the 
dilappointment  of  the  original  draughtfman  at  this  change,  or  the 
fmalinefs  of  the  fcale,  concurred  to  diminifli  the  execution  of 
uhat,  executed  under  proper  advantage,  mull:  have  been  a  capital 
work. 

Thus  much  at  leaft  is  neceffary  by  way  of  apology  to  thofe 
who,  from  motives  of  friendfliip  or  politenefs,  concurred  with  my 
ideas  on  this  fubjeif, 

Immeried  in  this  defign,  and  with  a  view  likewife  of  helping 
forward  a  topographical  work,  which  I  may  claim  fome  fmall 
merit  in  fetting  on  foot,  it  occurred  to  me,  that  by  extrafls  from 
the  printed  accounts  of  this  famous  abbey  by  Ingulphus  and  his 
feveral  continuators,  aided  as  I  have  lince  been  by  materials  in 
the  line  of  records  from  the  late  Mr.  Cole's  tranfcript  of  the  abbey 
regifter*,   and  with  fuch  information  as  occurred  during  my  late 

,  *  This  valuable  regiitcr  or  leger  book  was  lent  to  Mr.  Cole  1772  by  Conimif- 
fnry  GravtiS  ills  Bcaiipic  Bell,  cfq.  of  Fulbiirne,  in  the  county  of  Cambridge,  who 
boirovvcd  it  fioni  Mrs.  Wingfield,  of  Stamford.  On  its  firlt  leaf  or  cover  is  in  a 
b.infi  of  J.imcs  Ill's  time  ''  Joties  Oldfeild  de  Spalding."  It  came  afterwards  into 
the  hands  of  Maurice  Jolinibn,  cfq.  of  Spalding,  and  bi(hop 'i'anner  feems  to  refer 
ro  thi«  am!  to  a  regirter  of  Spalding  priory,  which  belonged  to  the  fame  polfeffors 
fuccellivcly.  (Not.  Mon.  p  230,  251.)  It  is  alfo  cited  in  Dugdale's  Hiflory  of 
tmbankiiig,  p.  ^12.  215,  Sec. 

Copious  extrafls  have  been  made  from  it  in  the  Appendix  to  this  work,  and  I 
take  this  opportunity  of  acknowledging  the  kindiiefs  of  Mr.  Cole's  executors,  in 
permitting  me  for  ihat  purpofe  to  detain  it  fo  long  from  the  imprilonment  to  which 


it  wiis  confiizned  with  the  reft,  of  Mr.  Cole's.  MS.  CoUedfanea. 


't> 


vifit 


PREFACE.  vii 

vifit  on  the  fpot,  and  from  the  kindncfs  of  Mr.  Scribo,  the 
prefent  worthy  redor,  a  tolerable  account  of  the  place  might  be 
drawn  up; — not  indeed  equal  to  what  Maurice  Johnfon,  efq. 
who  as  rteward  of  the  manor,  and  refulcnt  within  12  miles  of 
the  fpot,  might  have  j^erformed  from  materials  in  his  own  pof- 
feffion  had  he  lived, — nor  j^erhaps  with  all  the  advantages  of  any 
other  i^erfon  of  curiofity  rendent  on  the  fpot  ;  yet  fuch  as  miglit 
afford  a  general  and  not  fuperficial  view  of  this  magnificent 
houle,  the  fecond  we  have  any  authentic  account  of  in  this  covm- 
ty  ■•'■',  1  ailed  on  piles  in  the  bofom  of  a  fen,  which  to  the  devotion 
of  the  prefent  age,  mulf  appear  as  much  z.  fiihflruSiio  mfana^  as 
Caligula's  bridge,   or  perhaps  the  triangular  bridge  at  Croyland.. 

I  am  aware  that  Mr.  Wanley,  in  a  letter  to  lord  Oxford,  among, 
the  Harleian  MSSt.  ftates  fome  doubts  about  the  fUilory  alcribed 
to  Ingulphus,  principally  as  it  fliould  feem  on  accoimt  of  the 
charters  inferted  in  it;  for  all  that  part  of  the  hitl:ory  of  tliis 
abbey,  after  the  time  of  higulphus,  is  acknowledged  to  be  a 
continuation  by  various  hands,   among  whom  was  Peter  de  Blois. 

The  objeiSlion  to  the  charters  can  be  none  to  higulphus,  unlefs 
we  were  certain  he  had  copied  them  all  before  they  were  deftroy- 
ed  in  that  calamitous  fire,  which  he  fo  affedingly  paints,  and 
in  ■which  he  exprefsly  tells  us  periflied  all  their  beautiful  charters, 
written  in  iitera  publica,  and  adorned  with  golden  crofTes,  antient 
2)i6tures,   and  beautiful  letters ;   the   old  and  exquilite  grants  of 

'■^  Bardeney  tLikes  precedence  of  it  by  about  20  years;  for  as  to  Icanhoe,  Pcart- 
nci,  and  Barroiue,  billiop  Tanner,  who  was  as  well  qualified  as  inoll  anriquaries 
to  decide  on  this  matter,  could  make  out  very  little  about  them. 

-j~  "As  to  Incjnlphus,  1  humbly  beg  leave  to  obierve,  that  fome  learned  men  do 
not  think  the  Hiltory  bearing  his  name,  or  at  lealt  a  great  part  of  it,  to  be  his. 
And  many  Charters  recited  in  that  book  are  vehemently  fufpcfted  to  be  fpurious. 
One  1  can  mention  particularlv,  viz.  the  Foundation  Charter  of  Cro\land  Abbey, 
which  was,  or  feems  to  have  been,  taken  from  one  now  in  being,  and  not  much 
older,  if  any  thing  at  all^  than  Henry  the  Second's,  lime."     Harl.  MS.  7526. 

I  the 


viii  PREFACE. 

the  Mercian  kings,  richly  embeliiflied  with  gold  paintings,  but 
written  in  the  Saxon  chambers,  to  the  amount  of  near  400,  with 
all  tlieir  other  MSS.  except  a  few  Saxon  deeds,  of  which  they 
had  more  copies  than  one,  and  which  he  had  taken  out  for  the  ufe 
of  the  chanter  to  teach  the  younger  monks  the  Saxon  charadlers 
then  brought  into  difufe  by  the  prevailing  Norman.  Thefe, 
iays  he,  are  now  our  principal  records,  not  thereby  intimating 
whether  he  had  taken  copies  of  the  others. 

Ingulphus  was  elected  abbot  1075,  and  held  his  office  till  his 
'death  in  !  I  09.  This  calamity  happened  1091,  i.e.  in  the  16th 
year  of  his  prelidency.  He  had  before  that  period  been  extreme- 
ly active  in  arranging  the  affairs  and  fettling  the  rights  of  his 
monallery,  which,  by  producing  the  original  grants  of  the  kings 
his  prcdecelTors,  he  maintained  againil:  the  Conqueror,  with 
whom  he  was  rather  in  favour.  But  as  he  does  not  hefitate  to 
tell  us  what  artifice  he  ufed  in  the  return  of  the  property  of  this 
houfe  to  the  furveyors  for  Domefday  ;  it  might  perhaps  be  no 
unfair  prefnniption,  rhat  he,  like  many  others  of  his  rank,  pro- 
duced forged  charters  to  fupport  his  claims.  Mr.  Wanley's  prin- 
cipal objeiflion  is  to  the  foundation  charter,  as  given  by  him  ; 
that  it  feems  to  have  been  taken  from  one  now  in  being,  and  not 
much  older,  if  any  thing  at  all,  than  the  time  of  Henry  II.  The 
original  charter  in  Saxon  characters,  in  the  polfeffion  of  Robert 
Hunter,  efq.  lord  of  the  place,  waslliewn  to  the  Society  of  An- 
ti([uaries,  as  appears  by  their  minutes,  by  Mr.  Lethieullier  1 734  ; 
the  iiritial  letters  and  crofTes  gilt  :  Concordat  cum  recordo  ;  GuL 
Ryh'y^  June  1 2)^  I7  54'  hi  a  lift  of  the  records  in  the  parifh 
cheft,  printed  in  the  Appendix,  written  in  a  hand  of  the  laft 
century,  none  of  which  are  now  to  be  found,  is  mentioned  the 
goulden  charter,   which  fliouldfeem  to  he  at  leaft  a  copy  of  this.  , 

We  learn  from  Mr.  Selden  in  his  Spicilegium  ad  Eadmerum, 
p.  173, 1623,  that  the  original  MS.  of  Ingulphus' hiftory  was  then 

extant 


PREFACE.  ix 

extant  at  Croyland.  Speakingof  the  laws  of  Edward  the  Confeflbr, 
of  which  Ingulphus  carried  home  a  copy  from  the  Conqueror's 
court,  and  inferted  it  in  his  hiilory,  though  not  now  to  he 
found  in  all  the  copies  of  it,  Mr.  Selden  goes  on  :  "  Atque  certo 
**  fcimus  nos  eum  ibi  eas  inferuiffe,  quod  non  folum  ex  ipfo  hif- 
**  torioe  autographo  Crowlandix  in  agro  Lincolnienfi  etiam 
*'  nunc  fervato  conftat,  fed  etiam  ex  recentiori  quo  ufi  fumus 
*'  ante  annos  cc  aut  circiter  exarato.  Inde — eas  ftatim  exhibemus." 
It  appears  to  me  that  Mr.  Selden  printed  thefe  laws  from  this  late 
manufcript  of  Ingulphus'  hiftory  ;  yet  in  the  preface  to  the  firft 
volume  of  the  "  Rerum  Anghcanarum  fcriptores  veteres,"  pub- 
lifhed  at  Oxford  1689,  it  is  faid,  "  Has  leges — exhibuit  Selde- 
"  nus  ex  codice  ut  videtur  Cottoniano ;  nam  licet  autographum 
*'  Croylandige  tunc  fervatum  audierat,  idque  nancifci  impefife  ^ 
"  volebat  ^  nitebatur-,  fruftra  tamen  fuit ;"  plainly  confounding 
the  autograph  of  Ingulphus'  hiftory  with  the  autograph  of  the 
Confeffor's  laws;  nor  do  I  find  one  word  in  Selden  about  his  wiflior 
endeavour  to  get  this  laft  autograph  into  his  hands.  No  difficulty 
on  this  head  occurred  to  Dr.  Wilkins,  who  republilhed  thefe 
laws  from  Selden,  17  21,  p.  215,  &^ feq.  Sir  Henry  Spelman 
republiflied  them  the  fecond  time  in  his  Councils,  p.  625,  in 
Wilkins's  edition,  I.  3  i  3  :  **  Ut  Normannico  habentur  idiomate 
"  inter  ceterasConfefforis  leges  ablngulphoabbateCroylandi'ce data 
"  &:  poft  excidium  illius  monafterii  in  vetuftiffimo  Mf°  al>  d'diiuis 
*^  fuperjlitis  illic  ecckfuv  fub  tenia  clave  conjervatcf.  Pofuit  has 
"  in  lucem  V.  C.  J.  Seldenus  in  fuis  ad-Eadmerum  notis,  verfio- 
"  nemque  adjecit  cujus  utimur  beneficio  :  fed  leges  ipfas  ex  ipfo 
*<  defignavimus  archetypo  caftigatiores  paululum  quam  in  impreflb 
"  codice.''  This  was  written  1639,  at  which  time  one  may  fairly 
prefume  many  valuable  MSS.  w^ere  preferved  both  here  and  in 
other  monaftic  fites.  How  thofe  at  Peterborough  in  this  neigh- 
bourhood fared  within  four  years  after,  may  be  feen  in  Gunton's 

b  -  account 


X  PREFACE. 

account  of  the  outrages  committed  by  the  Parliamentarians, 
which  ,muit  for  ever  be  reatl  with  horror  by  all  lovers  of  order 
and  regularity  civil  and  religious. 

Ingulphus  was  firft  publillied,  with  others  of  our  hiilorians, 
1596,  and  reprinted  at  Francfort,  i  60  i,  fol.  by  Sir  Henry  Saville, 
who  calls  him  "  a  plurimis  antiquitatum  noftrarum  Utientibus 
"  magnopere  defideratus."  He  does  not  tell  us  where  he  had 
his  MS.  whether  from  the  Cotton  library,  Otho,  B.  xiii.  2, 
fince  burnt*.  As  it  was  imperfc6l  in  more  places  than  one,  thefe 
defedts  were  fupplicd  from  a  MS  t.  in  the  pofleflion  of  Mr.  Mar- 

*  Caflcy,  p.  315. 

f  This  MS.  if  it  efcaped  the  damage  done  to  Mr.  Marfliam's  valuable  library 
by  the  fire  of  London,  was  probably  carried  away  into  Scotland  on  the  re-marriage 
of  the  widow  of  his  great-grandfon  the  firlt  lord  Romney  with  John  lord  Carmi- 
chael,  third  earl  of  Hyndford  ;  for  after  the  ftriftefl:  inquiry  it  cannot  now  be  found 
in  the  library  of  the  preient  lord.  Another  MS.  in  the  Norfolk,  now  the  Royal  So- 
ciety's library,  N°  178,  Z.  vii.  7,  written  in  31  double  paz^es,  agrees  exaftly  with  Sir 
Henry  Savile's  printed  copy  (the  words  in  hooks  In  the  Oxford  edition  being  omitfed 
in  it  as  well  as  in  Sir  H.  Savile's),  and  ends  where  that  does  at  p.  88,  of  the  former's 
account  of  the  Confcfltir's  laws,  which  were  firlt  inferted  in  the  Oxford  edition. 
Then  follows  the  article  from  Blefenfis'  Continuation  relating  to  the  l^ifturcs  efl.iblifli- 
ed  at  Cotenham  by  abbot  JoflVid,  p.  1 14,  1 15,  ed.  Ox.  The  MS.  concludes  thus: 
Haec  excerpta  funt  ex  hijloria  Ingulphi  abbat'n  Croyland,  qui  obiit  anno  dni  1109.  a* 
Henrici  prijiii  nono,  in  cujiis  locum  fuffe6tus  eft  ijle  Jojfridiis  prior  viotiajierii fandi  Ebrul- 
pbi  in  Normannin  ah  Htnrico  prima,  intercejjione  dileCliJJimi  fenefcalli  fui  Alani  Crowne. 
Erat  autem  Joffridus  natiis  G  alius  de  marc  hone  Herbert  0  fuper  Hildeburghe,  i*f  educatus 
jiurelii  in  monaflerio  ;  vir  eruditus,  ad  edificationem  ecclejie  fue  Croylandie  tempore  pre-^ 
dccejfcris  fui  Ingulphi  viri  etiam  in  omni  literarum  genere  verfati.  Varios  in  varin  loca 
bonorum  eleemofynas  petitum  mifit  ;  quofdam  in  Scotiam,  quo/dam  in  Hiberniam,  Wal' 
Ham  <b'  Cornubiamy  alios  in  Flandriam,  alios  vera  in  Guliiam  &  Daciam,  quofdam 
vera  in  Norwcgiain  mijtt.  Ad  Cotenham  vero  mancrium  fiium  Cantabri'^ic  vicmum  mifit 
dominum  GiJIebertum  &f  alios  tres  monacbos  qui  eum  fequuti  funt  in  Angliam. 

The  title  of  the  MS.  is, 

Defcriptio  compilata  per  dominum  Ingulphum  abbatem  monajlerii  Croyland  natione  Ari' 
glicum  quondam  monaihum  Fontanijfienjem  i£  fic  ingejla. 

A  fourth  MS.  in  the  Afhmolean  Mufeum,  N"  844.  (Cat.  manufcriptorum  Anglic, 
N"  7464,)  agrees  exaifHy  with  Gale's  printed  copy,  except  with  the  addition  of  a  pa- 
ragraph about  the  burial  of  Leofric,  lord  of  Burne,  one  of  their  benefactors,  in  tnis 
abbey,  with  I 's  pedigree,  and  that  of  Richard  deRulos.  James's  MS.  in  the  Rod-. 
Ician  (Cat.  MSS.  Angl.  p.  260,  b.)  is  a  tranfcript  of  the  Cottonian  MS.  afid  the  alia 
hijioria  Croyland  at  C.  C  C.  Ox.  ib.  No.  1675,  is  the  Continuation  printed  by 
Vulman.  In  the  third  volume  of  Bryan  Twine's  MS.  coUeftions,  in  the  fame  li- 
brary (236.  fol.  97),  are  four  4to  p;iges  oi  Annotationes  ex  Ingulpho  quondam  m:'Mf- 
terii  de  Croyland  abbate  Anglo,  es  libro  Gulielmi  Tvvyneho,  1613. 

fliam^ 


PREFACE.  xi 

fliarn,  eldeft  fon  of  Sir  John  Marfliam,  in  a  new  edition  of  it 
by  Mr.  Fulman,  among  the  "  Rerum  Anghcarum  Scriptores  ve- 
*' teres,  Ox.    1684,"  fol.  which  edition  is  cited  here. 

"  The  relation  higulphus  bore  to  king  William  does  mani- 
"  feflly  byas  him,"  fays  bifliop  Nicolfon*,  in  the  ill  account  he 
gives  of  Harold.  With  his  politics  the  prefent  Avork  has  no  con- 
nection. In  a  revolution  it  was  the  intereit  of  every  abbot  and 
beneficed  religious  to  make  the  bell  terms  he  could  with  the  fuc- 
cefsful  competitor.  He  had  early  infinuated  himfelf  into  William's 
good  graces,  and  was  taken  back  with  him  into  Normandy,  and  on 
the  firll  vacancy  after  his  acceflion,  promoted  to  this  abbey. 
The  good  monk  is  honeft  enough  to  acknowledge  +  that  he  af- 
pired  above  the  humble  condition  of  a  private  and  not  rich  per- 
Ibn's  fon,  to  the  fplendour  and  luxury  of  a  court,  to  which  his 
father's  bufmefs  or  office  firft  introduced  him|.  The  favour  of  a 
little  money,  which  the  virtuous  and  neglected  queen  Editha  con- 
ferred on  him  after  flie  had  pofed  him  in  logical  queftions  as 
Ihe  met  him  coming  from  fchool,  had  a  tranlient  eftedt  on  his 
ambitious  mind ;  and  it  is  certain  he  was  no  difadvantajye  to  Croy- 
land,  even  though  he  coft  her  a  new  church  and  monaltery, 
which  rofe  more  relplendent  from  its  allies,  and  flill  ftands,  as 
feme  think,  a  monument  of  the  lafte  of  Ingulphus,  or  his  fuc- 
ceflbr  JofFrid  ;  though  others  alcribe  the  Weil  front  to  abbot  Up- 
ton in  the  fifteenth  century. 

Ingulphus  tells  us  he  compiled  his  hiflory  from  the  molt  au- 
thentic documents  he  could  meet  with ;  the  colled;ions  of  the  five 
fenior  brethren  of  the  houfe ;  the  life  of  abbot  Turketyl,  their 
firft  reftorer,  by  his  relation  and  fuccelTor ;  and  the  reif,  a  period 

*  Engl.  Hift.  Lib.  p.  56,   1714. 

I  "  Failus  eigo  adokfceatior  taftidiens  parentum  meorarn  exie;uitatem  paternos 
"  lares  relinquere  &  palatia  rcguai  am  principum  affi:i9:ans,  mollibus  vefliri  pom- 
"   pofilii.  hiciniis  amiriri  Indies  ardentius  appetebam."     p.  7^,  Ed.  Gale. 

:t  **  Cum  patrem  raeum  in  regis  curia  morantcm  adhuc  puer  inyiferem."     lb.  62. 

b   a  of 


xli  PREFACE. 

of  little  more  than  a  century,  from  contemporary  information. 
He  concluded  it  at  the  year  1089,  and  furvived  it  near  20  years, 
dying  1109,  and  being  at  that  time  near  80,  if  we  iuppofe 
with  bifliop  Tanner^-,   that  he  w^as  born  1030. 

k  was  relumed  at  the  defire  of  abbot  Henry  Longchamp,  who 
fat  from  1191  to  12,36,  by  Peter  de  Biois,  archdeacon  of  Lon- 
don, vice-chancellor,  and  prothonotary  of  the  kingdom,  who 
continued  it  to  i  r  17.  How  much  further  he  went  does  not  ap- 
pear, his  work  being  imperfetSt  both  in  the  Cotton  and  Marfliam 
MS.  from  whence  Mr.  F'ulman  publillied  it  with  higulphus,  the 
former  MS.  breaking  off  almoll  in  the  middle.  Peter  himfelf  died 
about  I  200.  No  writer  had  before  mentioned  this  piece  as  his  ; 
but  abbot  Longchamp's  letter  to  him  requefting  him  to  undertake 
it  prefixed  to  the  MS.  is  indubitable  evidence.  At  the  requeft  of 
fome  friend  he  wrote  a  Chronicle  of  Peterborough y/y/o  beroico,  fays 
Tannert,  in  the  Cotton  library,  Claud.  A.  V.  and  a  life  of  Guthlac, 
cited  by  Leland  in  his'  MS.  collections  in  the  fame  library, 
Jul.  C.  VI.   fol.  88. 

Who  took  up  the  flory  after  Blefenfis  is  not  certain,  nor  are 
we  told  whence  the  editor  had  the  MS.  It  begins,  imperfect  as 
it  is,  from  the  reign  of  Stephen  1152,  and  goes  on  to  14S6, 
I  H.  VII.  Mr.  Fulman  fays  he  printed  it  chiefly  becaufe  it  gives 
a  detail  of  the  latter  part  of  Henry  Vlth's,  and  the  whole  of  Ed- 
ward IVth's  reign  in  Latin,  which  none  of  our  hitherto  printed 
hiftories  do. 

The  remaining  interval  of  about  50  years  to  the  DifToIution 
might  be  fupplied  perhaps  more  fully  as  to  local  particulars, 
if  we  had  the  Chronicle  compofed  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  VII.  and 
VIII.  by  Sir  John  Harrington,  knt.  nephew  to  Philip  Evermue, 
fometime  fie  ward  of  the  houfe,  and  afterwards  abbot,  of  which  Mr. 

*  Bib.  Brit.  425. 
\  lb.  106, 

6  Johnfon 


PREFACE.  xiii; 

Johnfon  had  a  MS.  Englifli  tranflation  by  Sir  Thomas  Lambert,  of 
Wefton,  knt.  iboy,  with  improvements,  neatly  written  on  paper 
in  <Svo  fize,  froni  which  he  communicated  many  curious  ex- 
tracfts  to  the  Spalding  Society,  with  his  own  obfervations,  1734. 
As  it  is,  we  mult  be  content  with  fuch  brief  materials  as  prelent 
themfelves,  till  we  come  to  the  ruin  and  preient  ftate  of  this  once 
•flourifliing  though  perpetually  alTaulted  monaftery,  and  wait  till 
time  or  accident  bring  to  light  materials  for  doing  it  the  moft- 
ample  jurtice. 

It  is  with  relu(5lance  I  find  myfelf  involved'in  a  controverfy  on 
my  favourite  fubjecl.  Smce  the  accouiit  of  St.  Guthlac's  crofs  in 
the  note  p.  i  2  was  printed,  a  warm  controverfy  has  arifen  about; 
it.  Nothing  more  ftrongly  marks  the  enthufiafm  of  fyftcni 
than  the  z^al  with  which  a  learned  member  of  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries has  fupported  his  hypothefis,  in  a  paper  which  he  with  no 
little  warmth  introduced  into  the  fixth  volume  of  the  Archccologia. 
He  calls  in  to  his  aid  the  authority  of  a  refpeitable  clergyman  of 
the  place,,  whom  he  preffed  into  this  fervice,  but  whofe  ideas  he 
has  by  no  means  conveyed  in  the  fanciful  fketch  annexed  to  his 
paper.  The  writer  of  the  note  before  referred  to,  after  a  parti- 
cular converfation  with  Mr.  Scribo,  and  an  acSlual  view  of  the 
ftone,  Aug.  26,  1782,  finds  himfelf  compelled  to  affirm  in  vindi- 
cation of  Mr.  Pegge,  that  the  ftone  in  its  prefent  ftate  is  a  fiat  cone, 
which  has  room  for  no  more  letters  than  are  exhibited  by  all  who 
have  copied  it  from  Mr.  Camden  to  iMr.  Scribo;  that  half  the  firft 
line  is  on  the  broken  part  where  the  ftone  feems  juft  drawing  to 
its  point,  of  which  point  conlequently  a  fmall  part  is  broken  oft', , 
though  of  what  magnitude  neither  I  nor  any  other  perlbn  now 
living  can  afcertain  ;  tor  that  the  former  height  of  this  ftone  was 
fomewhat  greater  than  the  prefent,  may  be  allowed,  without 
granting  that  it  ever  extended  lb  much  as  to  admit  the  imaginary 
infcription.     From  the  dimenfions  at  its  preient  apex,  one  may 

here.. 


xiv  PREFACE. 

here  conjedlure,  that  ihe  ftone  ,was  not,  when  firft  placed,  very 
confiderably  higher  than  it  is  at  this  prefent  time.  After  this  im- 
partial ftating  of  fails,  it  would  be  needlefs  to  urge  againft  the 
fallacy  of  the  inference  from  the  mode  of  ftating  them  the  devi- 
ation from  the  well-known  form  of  boundary  or  other  crolTes,  and 
their  infcriptions;  nor  would  fo  much  time  have  been  wafted  on 
this  fubjed:,  had  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  exerted  a  proper  re- 
gard to  truth  and  their  own  dignity,  on  the  challenge  offered  to 
more  than  one  of  their  members.  If  the  figure  here  copied  from 
the  Archceologia,  vol.  V.  pi.  6.  could  be  depended  on,  it  will  eafily 
be  feen  that  Mv.  Lloyd's  tlrawing  reprefented  the  itifcription  more 
■truly  than  it  did  the //<9;z£',  which  approaches  nearer  to  Dr.  Stukeley's 
reprefentation  of  it  as  an  obtruncated  cone.  Three  or  four  chan- 
nellings  or  flutings  on  the  left  fide  of  this  ftone  have  been  not  ced 
in  no  draught  of  it  except  one  in  the  Gentleman's  wlagazme,  vol. 
XXIX.  p.  570,  where  the  infcription  is  by  no  means  fo  faithful 
as  it  pro fe ires  to  be. 

The  following  extract  from  the  minutes  of  the  Spalding  Society- 
may  perhaps  give  no  imperfect  idea  of  thcfe  boundary  crofles. 
*'  The  perambulation  of  Spalding  boundaries  was  made  by  .  e  mi- 
nifter,  &c.  the  boys  finging  part  of  a  pfalm  at  each.  There  wi?  the 
crofs  in  the  market  place  atSpalding;  St.Guthlac's  crofs  atBro'^.er- 
houfe*;  St.  Nicholas'  fhme,  the  Spalding  boundary,  called  Cruc  in 
palnde,  now  in  the  waih  overagainll  Whitehoufej  a  triangular  ta- 
pering ftone,  whereon  appeared  very  plain  /  and  n  conjoined  for 
Sjialding  or  St.  Nicholas,  ftill  retained  as  Spalding  brand  mark:  the 
crofs  in  the  flags.  Crux  S'tiGiUblaci  in  fegete  props  Oggot,  an  odla- 
gonal  large  balis  nearOggot,  alias  Wodelode  grayne,  between  Croy- 
land  and  Spalding  lying  Eaft  and  Kefteven  Weft,  in  a  watery  place 
full  of  flags  in  the  dryeft  feafon,  the  infcription  in  Roman  capi- 
tals, hitherto  the  hoimds  of  Croyiandj   and   part  of  an   odagonal 

*  The  G  on  it  the  fame  as  that  anciently  ufed  on  Croyland  brand  mark. 

ftone 


PREFACE.  XV 

ftone  column  fixed  in  the  bafis ;  St.  Nicholas'  Crofs  at  Eallcoat  in 
Pinchbeck  over  againft  Tongue-entl,  the  boundary  between 
Spalding  manor  in  EUoe,  Holland,  and  the  Bofton  manor  in  Nelie, 
Keiteven,  a  quadrangular  bafe,  \vith  one  other  ftone  of  a  Ucp 
which  has  been  thereon  ;  many  years  ago  a  cottage  was  ereded 
over  this,  and  the  chimney  placed  on  the  very  bails ;  the  relt  of 
the  ifeps  and  the  fliaft  of  the  crofs  which  was  fecured  by  the 
focket  fquare.      This  was  fquare  •-'••." 

It  appears  by  this  account  that  no  two  of  thefe  boundary  Hones 
were  alike,  though  two  and  perhaps  three  of  them  were  manifelf 
crofTes  mounted  on  bafes  with  fteps.  St.  Nicholas'7?o;z^,  though 
called  crux,  was  a  triangular  tapering  Hone.  St.  Guthlac's 
crofs  in  the  flags,  an  oBagonal  large  bafe,,  with  an  infcription  in 
Roman  capitals,  which  certainly  fliould  be  examined  before  one 
word  more  is  faid  on  his  other  crofs.  This  bafe  fupported  a  co- 
lumn of  its  own  fliape,  for  which  purpofe,  it,  as  well  as  the  lafT, 
was  calculated  ;  but  not  fo  the  prefent  Ifone.  So  a  large  fquare 
flone  pedeftal  in  the  fen  coming  from  Tattefliall  has  a  crofs  cut 
on  it. 

But  to  cut  fliort  at  once  this  controverfy,  which  has  already 
lafted  too  long,  I  fliall  fubjoin  the  following  extradt  of  a  letter 
from  Mr.  Scribo  to  me,  dated  Croyland,  Nov.  1 1,  1782. 

"  That  the  infcription  on  St.  Guthlac's  crofs  near  Brotherhoufe 
was  re'Cut,  and  the  face  of  the  Hone  fmootbed,  and  painted  with  a 
white  colour y  by  Edmund  Webfter,  of  this  town,  an  apothecary. 
and  furgeon,  and  a  tolerable  artilt  in  drawing  and  painting  fome 
figures,  hath  been,  upon  my  inquiry,  affirmed  to  me  by  an  inti- 
mate acquaintance  of  the  faid  Mr.  Weblier's,  who  faid,  that  this 
bufinefs  was  done  about  25  years  ago.  This  is  a  confirmation 
of  a  conjedlure  of  fome  alterations  having  been  made  at  fonie  time 

*  The  fecond,  third,  and  fourth  of  thefe  crolics  are  fome  of  the  boundary  (lones 
of  Croyland  parifli. 

b  4  part 


xvi  PREFACE. 

paft  upon  the  face  of  the  faid  ftone,  which  I  made  when  I  laft 
examined  it,  from  obferving  that  the  top  af  the  letter's  in  AIO  were 
cut  upon  the  fracture  on  the  top  oftbeftOne^  and  inclined  to  the  centre 
Qjit^  and  that  the  bottom  of  an  S  was  cut  deeper  than  any  part  of 
the  other  letters,,  and  in  an  apparent  hollow,  made  at  fome  time 
previous  to  the  re  cutting  of  the  faid  infcription,  by  a  fmall 
breach  in  the  ftone." 

My  ingenious  friend  Mr.  EfiTex,  whofe  obfervations  are  the 
refult  of  great  knowledge  and  clofe  attention  in  thefe  matters,, 
expreires  his  doubts  whetlier  the  prefent  ftone  be  the  fame  with 
that  which  was  firft  fixt  there^  and  not  rather  one  fet  up  about 
1390,  when  feveral  of  the  boundary  ftones  were  replaced.  "  If 
"  {q^'  fays  he,  "may  it  not  have  ferved  formerly  for  the  upper 
"  ftone  of  a  raifed  tomb,  for  fuch  there  were  in  the  church  be- 
*'  fore  and  after  the  Daaes  phuidered  it  ?  The  old  infcription,  if 
"  it  had  any,  might  have  been  put  out,  and  another  put  on  at 
"  that  time  ?  The  form  of  the  ftone  is  fingular,  and,  I  think,  -"S 
"  more  like  the  ftones  laid  on  the  moft  antient  raifed  monu- 
"  ments  than  any  thing  elfe.  The  infcription  is  varioufty  inter- 
"  preted,  and  feems  to  have  been  recut.  Q.  If  it  was  not  a  mo- 
*'  numental  infcription  altered  by  the  change  of  a  word  or  two,. 
**  and  for  whofe  mxcmory  could  it  be  intended  ?  Petworth  marble 
"  was  not  ufed  long  before  Henry  the  Third's  time." 

Whatever  becomes  of  this  conjedture,  I  have  fabftituted  to  the 
two  former  copies  of  this  ftone  in  this  page,,  a  new  one,  moi^  ac- 
curately taken  by  Mr.  Effex  himfelf,,by  fcale,  on  the  fpot,  in  the 
fummer  of  1784,. 

SI,  GOUGHT^ 


3i*  p'hY p.  x>i. 


PE^A 


m 


=  I 


mM 


i^FIME 


CACD 


■-   I     ■     - ill-' 


/2.  t  tichcj 


THE 


HISTORY     AND     ANTI  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 


O  F 


CROYLAND-ABBEY. 


"  /^ROYL  AND  is  one  of  the  iflands  in  that  tra^  of  Eaft 
^-^  Marflilands,  which  riling  from  the  centre  of  the  kingdom, 
and  running  upwards  of  loo  miles,  fall  into  the  fea  with  their 
weight  of  waters,  augmented  hy  many  rivers.  Here  Guthlac, 
a  young  man  of  confiderable  family,  renouncing  the  profeffion 
of  war,  in  which  he  had  figured,  entered  at  twenty-five  on  a 
life  of  folitude,  in  which  he  pafled  ten  years,  during  M'hich,  by 
the  grace  of  God,  he  received  the  order  of  priefthood,  and  was 
honoured  with  the  gift  of  miracles  and  prophecy.  But  his  mi- 
racles were  greater  after  his  death,  his  body  being  preferved  a 
whole  year  uncorrupted ;  and  in  confequence  of  his  merits,  the 
monaftery  which  was  founded  on  the  fpot  where  he  was  buried, 
remained  unhurt  and  unimpaired  by  the  florms  of  war  and  the 
various  revolutions.  It  found  a  new  gueft,  though  not  a  new 
advocate  with  God,  in  St.  Neot,  once  a  difciple  of  St.  Erkenwald, 
and  held  in  high  veneration  at  Einulphfbury  ;  whence  his  body 
was  removed  from  the  Danes,  and  brought  to  Croyland,  where, 
together  with  St.  George,    he  protects  the  inhabitants,  and  hears 

B  the 


z  THE    HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

the  prayers  of  ilrangers.  Of  thefe  laft  there  is  no  fmall  refort : 
for  though  there  is  no  v/ay  to  the  place  but  by  water,  there  is,  if 
I  may  fo  fay,  a  perpetual  track  of  perfons  failing  backwards  and 
forwards.  Nor  have  our  times  been  without  a  martyr  :  the  no- 
ble earl  Waltheof,  fon  of  duke  Siward,  who  is  faid  (we  wifh  it 
mav  not  be  true)  to  have  fuffered  innocently,  on  fufpicion  of  con- 
fpiring  againft  king  William  the  elder,  after  long  imprifonment,, 
and  to  have  been  buried  here  *." 

The  abbey  of  Croyland  was  founded  by  Ethelbald,  who 
from  the  rank  of  earl,  in  default  of  the  iucceffion  in  his  great 
uncle  Penda's  family,  attained  the  crown  of  Mercia  t.  Ingul- 
phus  defcribes  him  as  a  comley  perfon,  of  a  fliort  make,  great 
bravery,  but  extremely  haughty  and  fickle  ;  which  unhappinefs 
of  temper  involved  him  in  many  difficulties,  and  occafioned  him 
to  be  the  longer  kept  out  of  poflellion  of  the  throne.  It  is  not 
improbable  he  had  found  a  party  to  advance  him  to  it  prema- 
turely, or  he  might  l>e  an  object  of  envy  to  the  prince,  who 
knew  the  crown  muft  devolve  to  him  next.  Ilis  couiin  Ceoh'ed, 
who  governed  Mercia  from  A.  D.  709  to  716,  pnrfued  him  and 
his  partifans  with  unremitting  enmity,  till,  wearied  out  and  ex- 
haufted,  he  retired  to  this  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Mercia  to 
Guthlac  his  confeflbr  j.     The  holy    man  comforted   him  with 

every 

*  Malmfb.  cle  geft.  pontif.  iv.  p.  147, p.  166,  167.    Ed.  Saville. 

')•-  His  father's  name  was  Alwio.     See  Edrcd's  charter,  p.  2. 

\  Guthlac  was  the  fon  of  Perwald,  a  nobleman  of  Mercia,  who  lived  in  the  mid- 
land parts  of  England.  His  mother's  name  was  Tetha.  In  his  youth  he  diflin- 
guifhed  himlelf  in  the  army  •,  but  as  foon  as  he  had  completed  his  twenty-fourth 
year,  he  renounced  the  world,  and  was  fliorn  a  monk  in  the  monaftery  of  llepton 
under  the  abb.fs  Elfrida.  In  the  midland  parts  of  Britain  is  a  marfli  or  fen,  beginning 
from  the  banks  of  the  river  called  Grontc,  not  far  from  a  caltlc  of  the  fame  name, 
overhung  by  ftagnated  vapours,  and  interfperfed  with  illands  and  ftreams,  reaching 
from  North  to  South  to  the  fea.  Tatuin,  by  divine  guidance,  came  in  a  boat  to 
one  of  thele  folitary  defert  illands,  called  Crulande;  to  which  alfo  came  Guthlac,  on 
St.  Bartholomew's  day,  and  in  an  hollow  in  the  fide  of  an  heap  of  turf  built  him- 
felf  u  hut,  In  the  days  of  Cenred  king  of  Mercia  ;  when  the  Britons  gave  their  in- 
veterate 


OF      CROYLAND-ABBEY,  3 

every  airurance  of  faccefs,  and  the  pleafing  profpect  that  his 
good  fortune  would  be  brought  about  in  the  ealieft  and  fafcH 
manner,  without  battle  and  without  bloodfhed.  In  return  for 
this  flattering  promife,  he  vowed  to  found  in  this  very  fpot  a  mo- 
nailery  in  honour  of  God  and  Guthlac.  It  happened  that  the 
holy  man  did  not  live  to  be  witnefs  of  Ethelbald's  advancement  ; 
but  his  care  for  his  friend  did  not  end  with  his  life.  He  ap- 
peared to  him  in  the  fame  place,  and  gave  him  a  fign  in  confir- 
mation of  his  afllirance.  Guthlac's  remains  were  depofited  at 
Croyland,  and  great  and  frequent  miracles  were  wrought  by 
them  *. 

Ethelbald  being  now  feated  on  the  throne  of  Mercia,  fet  about 
the  performance  of  his  vows.  He  fent  for  Kenulph,  a  monk  of 
Evelham,  which  abbey  was  then  in  high  reputation,  made  him  a 
grant  of  the  ifland  of  Croyland,  confirmed  it  by  a  charter,  and 
exempted    it  for  eve*'  from  all  fecular    payments    and  fervices. 

veterate  enemies,  the  Saxons,  all  the  trouble  they  could.  Certain  demons  aflumed 
their  fliape,  and  came  to  torment  Guthiac,  and  tempted  Becelin,  his  clerk,  to  mur- 
der him.  Ethelbald,  afterwards  king,  but  then  an  outlaw,  came  hither  with  earl 
Witfrid,  afterwards  abbot  here;  and  Kgga,  another  of  his  companions,  was  feized 
with  an  unclean  fpirit,  as  was  alfo  Hudtred,  a  young  mn  of  family  among  the  Eafl 
Angles.  Hedda,  bi(hop  of  Lichfield,  came  to  Guthlac,  and  ordained  him  priefl', 
and  coufecrated  his  oratory  in  Croyland.  Egburga,  daughter  of  king  Aldulph, 
lent  him  a  leaden  coffin  and  fliroud.  Guthlac  being  aflccd  who  was  to  fucceed  him 
iu  his  defart,  liiid  the  heir  of  that  place  was  not  yet  converted  to  Chrifiianity,  re- 
ferring to  Ciffa,  who  held  it  in  the  author's  time.  In  his  dying  moments,  Becelin 
being  by  him,  was  ordered  to  fetch  his  lifter  Pega,  wlio  immediately  came  to  him. 
Gunnilda,  a  nun,  was  another  of  his  admirers.  As  he  had  predifted  the  crown  to 
Ethelbald,  he  requeded  of  him  a  quiet  fettlement  in  his  ifland,  five  miles  every  way, 
rent  free,  and  confirmed  by  charter  under  his  feal,  in  the  prelcnce  of  his  prelates 
and  nobles,  whereon  the  king  afterwards  founded  the  monartery  (i).  A  table, 
which  Leland  faw  at  Croyland,  fays  Guthlac  purged  the  ifland  from  demons  (2). 
Felix  gives  a  mofl  horrid  pifture  of  thcfe  devils,  with  their  blubbered  lips,  tire- 
bellowing  mouths,  fcaly  vifages,  beetle  heads,  terrible  teeth,  pointed  chins,  honle 
throats,  iwarthy  fldns,  narrow  Ihouldcrs,  fwoln  bellies,  burning  loins,  crooked  legs, 
and  long-tailed  buttocks  (3). 

*  Ingulphus,  p.  I,  2.    Ed.  Gale,  Ox.  1684. 

(i)   Abftraft  of  the  Life  of  St.  Guthlac,  written  by  Foelix,  monk  of  Croyland,   at  the  requeft  of  Abbot 
WeiWin.     Lei.  It.  iv.  p.  139. 

(i)  Coll.  iv.  29.  (;)  Camden's  Biit.  Lincolr.fli'  e. 

B  a  This 


4  THE     HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

This  charter  was   confirmed  in  the  prefence  of  all  the  prelate& 
and  nobles  of  his  realm;   and  the  tenor  of  it  may  be  feen  at  large 
in  the  Appendix,  No.  I -.      It  gives  the  whole  illand  of  Croyland, 
formed  by  the  four  waters  of  S/jepi/Jjee  on  the  Eaft  ;   Nene  on  the 
Weft;   Souihee  on   the    South;   and  Jfenchk  on  the   North;   in 
length  four  leagues,  in  breadth  three,  with  the  raarflies  adjoin- 
ing to  the  Weft  on  both   fides   the   Weland,  part  of  which,   to 
the  North,  called  Goggijlound,    is  two  leagues  long,  from  Croy- 
land-bridge  to  Jjpatb^  and  one  league  broad,  from  the  Weland 
South  to  Jpenbally  and  another  part  of  the  marfli  South   of  the 
Weland   two    leagues  long,   from  Groyland-bridge  to  Soutblake,- 
and  two  leagues  broad,  from  the  Weland  to  Fynfet,  with  fiflrery 
in  the  waters  of  Nenc  and  Weland.      It  is  dated  A.  D.  716,  and 
witnefled  by  Brithwald  archbifliop  of  Canterbury,  Winfrid  arch- 
bifliop  of  the  Mercians,  higwald  billiop  of  London,  Aldwini  bi- 
Ihop  of  Litchfield,  Tobias  biihop  of  Rochefter,  Ethelred  abbot  of 
Eardnev,  Egbert  abbot  of  Medcfliamfted,  Egga  carl  of   Lincoln, 
Luric    earl    of  Leicefter,   &c.        He    further    gave  towards  the 
building   300   pounds  in  filver  and  100  pounds  a  year  for  ten 
years  to  come  ;   and  leave  to  build  or  inclofe  a  town  for  their  own 
ufe,  with  right  of  common    for   themfelves  and  their  fervants. 
The  foundation   being  in  a  marfliy   foil,   they  were   obliged  to 
drive  piles  of  oak  and  aHi  before  they  began  to  build,    and    the 
earth  was  brought  nine  miles  by  water  from  the  u])lands  J.      And 
thus,  fays  Ingulphus,   the  wooden  oratory  of  Guthlac  was  fuc- 

ceeded 

*  The  original  charter  in  Saxon  charaflers,  the  initial  letters  and  crolTes  gilt,  was 
in  the  pofTeirion  of  Robert  Hunter,  efq.  lord  of  the  fite  in  1734,  when  Mr.  Lethi- 
cullier  Ihewcd  it  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries. 

■\  Hedda  dying  712,  was  fucceeded  by  Aldwin.  Bifhop  Godwin  millakes  in 
faying  that  Hedda  di^d  721,  for  he  was  elefted  6511  ;  and  Chefterfield  fays  he  fat  21 
years. 

%  Nunc  exercet  ibi  fe  munificentia  regis, 
£t  magnum  templum  magno  moliinine  condit. 

At 


OF     CROY  LAND-  ABBEY.  5 

cecded  by  a  church  and  houfe  of  ftone,  in  which  dwelt  a  fuc- 
ceflion  of  rehgious  to  the  piefent  time  •'•. 

There  were  at  that  time  in  the  ifland  four  hermits,  CiiTa,  Be- 
tehn,  Egbert,  and  Tat  win  +,  who  all,  by  leave  from  Kenulph,  re- 
mained in  feparate  cells.  But  Pega,  Guthlac's  lifter,  within  a 
year  after  her  brother's  death,  leaving  his  pfalter,  with  the  w  hip 
of  St.  Bartholomew,  and  other  reliques,  in  the  hands  of  Ke- 
nulph, retired  to  her  cell,  about  four  leagues  from  her  brother's 
oratory,  where  flie  continued  three  years  and  a  half,  and  then 
went  and  died  at  Rome. 

Ethelbald,  having  held  the  crown  of  ISIercia  forty-one  years, 
was  (lain  in  battle  on  Seggefwold,  by  Bernred,  an  ufurper,  who 
was  cut  off  the  fame  year.  Ethelbald  was  buried  at  Repton,  and 
fucceeded  by  the  great  Ofa^  who  w^as  his  uncle  Dignfert's  grand- 
ion  I,  who  alfo  reigned  forty  years,  and  granted  to  this  abbey,  then 
governed  by  abbot  Patric,  the  charter  of  protection,  N°  II.  in 
the  Appendix. 

Offa  was  fucceeded  by  his  fon  Egbert.^  who,  after  a  fliort  reign 
of  141  days,  was  fucceeded  by  his  fon  Kemdpb^  who  reigned 
tvvcnty-fix  years,  and  having  vifited  this  abbey,  whereof  Si  ward, 
brother  to  Ceolred,  abbot  of  Peterborough,  w^as  abbot,  with 
his  queen,  and  Wulfred,  archbilhop  of  Canterbury,  granted  it 
the  charter,  N°  III§,  in  which  is  this  additional  privilege,  that 
all  pilgrims  who  came  to  pay  their  devotion  to  St.  Guthlac,  and 

At  cum  tam  mollis,  tam  lubiica,  tarn  male  couftans 

Fundamenta  paliis  non  ferret  faxea,  palos 

Prascipit  infigi  quercino  robore  ca:los, 

Leucariiraque  novem  fpatio  rare  fertur  arena; 

Inque  folum  mutatur  huiv.us,  fufFulcaque  taii 

Cella  bafi  mulro  flat  confuramata  labore. 

Life  of  Guthlac,  by  Felix,  cited  by  Camden,  Brit.  Lincolnfh. 
*  Fee  alfo  Chron.  Anon.  Leland  Coil.  III.  325.  f  Buried  liere.  ingulph.  il. 

J    Patruclis  fui  nepos.     Ing.  p.  5. 
§  One  of  the  witneffes  was  Cuthred  king  of  Kent,  'ho  was  tributary  toCenulph. 

returned 


6  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES 

returned  with  his  mark  on  their  hoods*,  fhould  be  forever  toll  free 
through  Mercia.  He  died  A.  D.  8 1 9,  and  was  buried  at  Winchel- 
cumb.  He  was  fucceeded  by  his  fon  Kene/m,  a  boy  of  feven  years 
old,  who  was  murdered  by  his  tutor  Afcebert,  at  the  inftigation  of 
his  filler  Quendrida,  and  fucceeded  by  his  uncle  Ceohv/p/j,  wlio  in 
the  fecond  year  of  his  reign  was  driven  out  by  an  ufurper  of  the 
name  Qi  Bernulpb^  who  was  himfelf  dethroned,  defeated,  and  Uain 
in  battle,  by  Egbert,  king  of  Weflex.  His  fuccelTor  was  his  re- 
lation Ludecarii  who,  invading  the  territories  of  the  Eaft  Angles, 
was  by  them  defeated  and  flain. 

The  unanimous  views  of  the  nation  were  now  direcfled  to 
Witiaf  duke  of  the  Wiccii,  w^hofe  fon  Wimund  married  Alflcda 
daughter  of  Ceolwlph.  He  was  accordingly  adjudged  to  the 
throne  of  Mercia,  which  he  filled  13  years,  but  fubjedt  and  tri- 
butary to  Egbert",  from  whofe  purfuit  he  had  been  concealed 
by  abbot  Siwarei  in  the  cell  of  St.  Etheldrith  his  kinfwoman. 
His  charter  to  this  abbey  may  be  feen,  N°  IV.  whereby  he  gave 
privilege  of  fancSluary  to  this  houfe  within  the  limits  of  its  five 
waters.  He  was  one  of  her  greatefl  benefa6lors  t,  and  paid  an 
annual  vilit  to  her  patron's  flirine,  and  would  have  bequeathed 
his  body  to  be  buried  there,  if  he  had  not  before  promifed  it 
to  Kepton  \  abbey.  After  a  reign  of  13  years,  he  was  fuc- 
ceeded 

*  S/gnuni  in  capuciis  vel  copelUs. 

•f  Among  oiher  things,  he  gave  them  his  coronation-robe  to  make  a  cope  of; 
and  his  red  or  gokleii  veil  [_velum\  embroidered  with  the  deflruflion  of  Troy  [in 
quo  iiif'iilur  excidium  Troja']  10  hang  the  walls  with  on  his  anniverfary  :  his  gik 
cup  wrought  with  barbaroii?  viLcdnf^cvs  [barbarisvinitorihus']  fighting  with  dragons, 
which,  iiom  having  a  ciofs  {lamped  on  the  infide,  and  four  others  projecting  from 
the  angles,  he  ufed  to  call  his  criiciholum  ;  and  the  horn  ufed  at  his  own  table,  out 
of  whicli  the  elders  of  the  nionaftery  were  to  drink  at  their  feftivals,  and  remember 
Lim  in  their  prayers. 

X  Ripadio.  Ing.  p.  ii.  Repton  Abbey  is  in  Derbyfliire,  on  the  Trent,  found- 
ed before  A.  1).  06j.  Of  this  common  burying-place  of  tiie  royal  family  of  Mer- 
cia, and  the  difcovery  of  the  vault  in  the  hlf  century,  fee  Phil.  Tranf.  N°  401. 
It  was  an  inclofure  of  ilone  15  feet  fquare,  inclohng  one  hundred  Ikeletons,  point- 
ing 


OF      CROYI>AND      ABR  EY,  7 

cecded  by  his  brother  Bertidpb  for  a  like  term.  This  prince, 
the  very  contralt  of  his  brother,  pUindered  this  houfe  of  all  its 
wealth  to  carry  on  the  war  againft  the  Danes.  He  made  them 
however  fome  amends  by  a  charter,  N°  V.  in  which  he  chofc  to 
qualify  his  extortion  by  the  name  of  their  free-gifts.  A  grand 
council  of  the  nation  beinp-  aflembled  on  this  occafion,  a  "reat 
miracle  was  wrought  by  St.  Guthlac,  in  the  recovery  of  feveral 
prelates,  and  innumerable  other  perfons  afflicted  with  a  kind  of 
epidemical  paralytic  affe^Stion.  This  brought  a  fudden  and  great 
afflux  to  the  flirine ;  and  Ethelwulph  king  of  Weflcx,  v.ith 
his  fon  Alfred,  taking  it  in  his  way  on  his  return  from  Rome, 
granted  to  the  abbey  the  charter  N°  VI.  of  tithes  of  all  England, 
Bertulph  was  fucceeded  by  Beorred,  or  Burgred,  in  whofe  time 
Si  ward,  who  had  been  abbot  62  years,  departed  this  life,  and 
was  fucceeded  by  Theodore.  Earl  Algar  the  younger,  a  great  fa- 
vourite of  Beorred,  gave  his  maner  of  Spalding  to  this  abbey 
for  his  father's  foul ;  the  confirmation  of  which  grant,  and  other 
grants  by  the  king,  may  be  feen  in  N°  VIl.  dated  A.  D.  868, 
while  he  lay  before  Nottingham  befieging  the  Danes.  This  earl 
aflembling  an  army  from  theie  parts,  routed  in  Kefteven  the 
Danes,  who  had  over-run  the  country,  and  flew  three  of  their 
kings  or  chiefs,  who  were  buried  at  Laundon ;  whence  that  place 
afterwards  affumed  the  name  of  ^rekingbam.  But  after  a  moft 
imparalleled  reiiltance,  the  earl's  troops,  who  amounted  to  but 
200,  were  defeated  by  a  ftratagem,  and  almoil:  all  with  their 
leader  flain  t.  The  vidtorious  Danes  purfued  the  furvivors  to  the 
door  of  Croyland  church.  Nothing  was  left  for  the  al)bot  and 
convent  but  to  retire  as  faft  as  they  could  with  the  body  ot  St. 
Guthlac,  his  pfalter  and  whip,  and  the  other  rcliques,  their  prin- 
cipal jewels  and  charters.      With  thefe  they  ioaded  a  boat,    and 

Ing  with  their  feet  to  one  9  feet  long  in  a  (lone  coffin.  This  vault  was  in  a  clofe  on 
the  Novih  fide  of  the  church,  delcended  to  by  O-cne  Heps,  and  marked  by  a  fyca- 
more,  planted  by  the  difcoTerer.  i"  Ing.  p.  12 — 21. 

buried 


8  THE     HISTORY    AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

buried  their  altar-piece  and  plate  in  the  well  in  the  cloifler.  But 
the  altar-piece,  which  was  the  gift  of  Witlaf,  not  finking  to  the 
bottom  with  the  reil,  was  committed  to  the  care  of  the  abbot 
and  older  monks,  w bile  the  load  in  the  boat  was  fent  away  to  be 
hid  in  Ancarig  wood,  where  they  had  a  hermitage.  Thirty 
monks  remained  there;  the  abbot  and  his  companions  (Elfget  the 
deacon,  Savin  fub-deacon,  Egelred  and  Wulric  two  young  torch- 
bearers)  continued  to  perform  the  fervice  in  their  proper  habits, 
and  had  juft  finilhed  mafs  when  the  Danes  broke  in.  Olketyl, 
their  king,  with  his  own  hands  murdered  the  abbot :  the  reft 
were  flaughtered,  after  fufFering  the  moil:  cruel  torments  to  make 
them  difcover  the  treafure.  Alker  the  prior  was  flain  in  the  veftry, 
Lethwyn  the  fub-prior  in  the  refectory.  Turgar,  a  boy  of  lo 
years  old,  was  the  only  perfon  fpared.  The  Danes  broke  open  all 
the  tombs  in  hopes  of  plunder.  Ingulphus  defcribes  them  as  high, 
or  altar-tombs  of  marble  -•■  in  this  order.  On  the  right  hand  of 
St.  Guthlac's  thole  of  Giifa,  Beccelin,  abbot  Siward ;  on  the  left 
thofe  of  Guthlac's  lecretary  Egbert,  St.  Tatwin  t,  Etheldretha, 
queen  Celfrcda,  and  Wimund,  fon  of  Witlaf.  Being  difappointed 
of  their  object,  the  barbarians  laid  the  bodies  on  an  heap,  and  fet- 
ting  fire  to  them,  burnt  them  and  the  church  and  convent  all 
together,  three  days  after  their  arrival.  They  afterwards  deftroyed 
Aiedefhamiled  al)l)cy,and  ravaged  the  country  in  their  retreat.  But 
two  of  their  carriages  heavy  laden  being  lolf  in  the  river  Nene, 
Turgar  availed  himfelf  of  the  confufion  to  efcape  to  Croyland, 
where  he  fouml  feveral  of  the  monks  already  retired  from 
Ancarig,  endeavouring  to  extinguilh  the  fire,  and  fcarching 
for  their  llaughtercd  companions,  all  of  w^hom  w^ere  not  dif- 
covered  till  fix  months  after.      On  this  mournful  occafion  Bric- 

*  Al/i  ti/mitli  marmorci,  p.  22. 

-j~  Qiiondnm  dux  ud  Croyland  &  nauclerus  fanc^i  (jutlilaci. 

7       •  lian, 


OF      C  R.  O  Y  L  A  N  D  -  A  D  B  E  Y.  9 

itaii,  late  chantor  here,  a  fkillful  mufician  and  elegant  poet,  wrote 
the  ditty  lb  much  handed  ahout,   and  beginning  thus : 

^oinodo  fola  fedes  dudum  regina  domorum 
Nob  His  ecclefia  nuper  arnica  Dei  !  ^c. 

How  is  this  lonely  feat,   this  royal  houfe, 

This  noble  church,   favourite  of  heav'n,  become,  Sec. 

The  firft  care,  after  they  had  cleared  away  the  ruins,  was  to 
choofe  an  abbot.  Their  choice  fell  unanimoully  on  Godric.  He 
was  Ihortly  after  applied  to  to  affiit  in  removing  the  ruins  of  Me- 
defliamfted  abbey,  on  which  occafion  the  (lone  pyramid  Itill  re- 
maining in  the  church,  defcribed  by  Ingulphus,  p.  24,  and  en- 
graved in  Gunton's  Hiitory  of  Peterborough,  but  much  more 
faithfully  this  year,  by  J.  Carter,  in  one  of  his  monthly  numbers 
of  antiquities,  was  eredled  over  the  bodies  of  84  monks. 

Under  pretence  of  driving  out  the  Danes,  Beorred  took  this  op- 
portunity to  feize  on  the  lands  and  poiTeflions  of  many  religious 
houfes  in  his  dominions.  Among  the  reft  thofe  of  Croyland, 
whereby  were  alienated  the  manors  of  Spalding,  Deping,  Croxton, 
Kirkton,  and  Kymerby,  in  Lindfey,  Bukynbale,  Halyngton, 
Whaplode,  Sutterton,  Langtoft,  Barton,  Repingale,  Kirkby,  Dray- 
ton, Thirning,  Glapthorn,  and  Adyngton.  Staunden  and  Badby 
were  reftored  by  Edred,  at  the  inflnnce  of  abbot  Turketyl.  Beor- 
red foon  after  quirted  his  kingdom  in  defpair,  and  retired  to 
Rome,  where  he  died,  and  was  buried,  874.  The  Danes  placed 
on  his  throne  Ceohvlpb,  one  of  his  fervants,  who  having  fworn 
.allegiance  to  them,  miferably  fleeced  his  fubjeils,  and  by  a 
heavy  tax  of  ^{"1 000  on  this  abbey,  almoft  ruined  it.  "  Nullus 
namque  (fays,  Ingulphus,  p.  17.)  deinceps  pro  nimia  loci  pauper- 
tate  ad:  converjionem  venire  vol  nit."  No  perfon  would  enter  him- 
fclf  in  this  houfe  on  account  of  its  impoverilbed  Hate.      They  were 

C  oblii>ed 


lo  THE     HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

obliged  to  fell  all  their  plate,  except  the  crucible  (crudbol'mm) 
of  king  Witlaf,  and  feme  other  valuables. 

Ceohvlph  was  tlepofed  and  ftripped  naked  by  the  Danes,  and 
the  kingdom  of  Mercia,  after  it  had  fubfiitcd  from  the  firft 
year  of  Penda  near  230  years,  was  finally  united  by  the  vicftorious 
Alfred  to  his  own  kingdom  of  VVeflex  •"'■•. 

Abbot  Godric  died  A.  D.  941,  and  left  this  houfe  reduced  to 
lb  low  a  ftate,  that  there  were  in  it  only  five  old  monks,  Claren- 
bald,  Swarting,  Thurgar,  Brun,  and  Aio,  Of  thefe,  the  two  laft 
had  retired  in  defpair  to  Winchefter  and  Malmfbiary  ;  and  when 
4iing  Edmund,  who  was  then  on  the  throne,  was  meditating  the 
reftoration  of  this  houfe  as  of  Glaftonbury,  he  was  murdered 
l)y  a  robber  at  Pucklechurch  t. 

t  ■  The  reftoration  of  this  houfe  was  therefore  referved  for  the 
fucceeding  reign  of  Edmund,  brother  to  Edred.  Turketyl  |,  his 
coufiii  and  chancellor,  going  to  York,  of  which  church  he  was 

*  Ingulphus,  p.  26,  27.  t  Ibid.  p.  29. 

\  Tiirket)!  was  eldeft  Ion  of  EtheUvard,  brother  of  king  Edward,  who  gave  him  his 
paternal  inheritance,  and  frequently  propofed  to  him  an  advantageous  match  among 
the  great  families  of  the  kingdom  -,  from  his  refufal  of  thefe,  the  king  inferred  his 
turn  was  for  religion,  and  offered  him  two  biilioprics ;  but  he  refui'ed  every  offer 
not  only  of  a  temporal  but  even  of  a  fpiritual  kind  ;  till  at  length  the  king  advanced 
him  to  the  high  poll  of  chancellor,  which  he  filled  with  equal  advantage  to  the  king 
and  kingdom,  and  honour  to  himfclf.  In  the  reign  of  x\thclftan,  at  the  famous  battle 
ofBrunburgh,  Turketyl  commanded  the  Londoners  and  Mercians,  who  engaged 
the  Scots  under  Conflantine,  and  after  a  moft  bloody  conflidf,  had  nearly  made  him- 
felf  mailer  of  the  Scottifli  king's  perfon,  when  he  was  furrounded,  and  on  the  point 
of  being  himfelf  made  prifoner,  had  nor  one  of  his  ofllcers  Qain  tlie  king,  by  whofe 
iltath  viftory  declared  in  favour  of  the  Englifh.  He  had  the  honour  of  conducing 
the  four  daughters  of  Athelflan  to  their  hufbands  on  the  continent ;  the  Emperor's 
fon  and  one  of  his  principal  lords,  the  king  of  France,  and  the  prince  of  Aquitaine. 
When  Dunftan  was  difgraced,  and  baniflied  the  court  of  king  Edmund,  he  was  the 
principal  inilrument  in  his  recall  to  the  favour  of  king  Edmund,  and  made  him  a 
prefent  of  a  rich  chalice,  preferved  at  Glaftonbury  in  Ingulph's  time,  and  called  Tur- 
ketyl's  chalice.  He  continued  to  hold  his  poll  of  chancellor  in  each  fucceeding 
reign,  from  his  firil;  advancement,  and  in  that  of  Edred  we  have  it<.n  his  exertions 
in  behalf  of  Croyland-abbey.     Ing.  p.  36 — 38. 

prebend, 


OF       CROY  LAND-ABBEY.  ii 

prebend,  to  quell  a  rebellion  in  Northumberland,  took  Croyland 
in  his  way.  He  was  received,  with  his  nvimerous  attendants,  hv 
the  three  monks  in  the  little  oratory  and  cell  which  they  had  fitted 
up  ;  and  they  fo  wrought  on  his  compalhon,  that  from  that  time, 
fays  their  hiftorian,  his  foul  was  fo  knit  (conghitinatus)  to  theirs 
and  to  their  houfe,  that  they  were  never  abfent  from  his  thoughts. 
He  left  them  a  fupply  of  provifions,  and  i  oo  Ihillings  to  buy  more. 
He  was  perpetually  talking  of  their  hofpitality,  humanity,  and 
misfortune;  and  from  him  Croyland  firft  got  the  name  of  Cour- 
teous. After  executing  his  commiilion  in  the  North  with  fuc- 
cefs,  he  took  Croyland  in  his  way  back,  and  gave  the  old  monks 
20  pounds  of  filver.  He  did  not  ftop  here  :  he  pleaded  their 
caufe  with  his  royal  mailer,  and  declared  his  fixed  intention  of 
becoming  himfelf  one  of  their  fraternity.  The  king  conde- 
fcended  to  every  method  to  dilTuade  his  faithful  and  valiant  fer- 
vant  from  fuch  a  refolution,  but  in  vain.  The  chancellor  pre- 
vailed on  him  to  vifit  Croyland  with  him  in  perfon.  Previous  to 
this  he  arranged  his  worldly  aflFairs,  and  having  difcharged  all 
his  debts,  made  over  fixty  manors  to  the  king,  referving  every 
tenth  manor  for  his  favourites.  Thefe  fix  lay  near  Croyland,  and 
were  Wendlingburgh,  Elmyngton,  Worthorp,  Kotenham,  Ho- 
kinton,  and  Beby.  He  flew  to  Croyland,  and  finding  there  the 
three  old  men  -in  their  retreat,  communicated  to  them  his  inten- 
tion of  coming  among  them,  and  immediately  fet  about  reiloring 
their  boundary  fiones  *. 

*  The  two  (tone  croffes  fet  down  on  tliis  occafion  were,  one  on  the  Soiuh  bank  of 
the  ifland,  fix  perches  from  Soitihee ;  the  other  on  the  North  bank,  three  perches 
from  Afendyk,  which  falls  into  the  \Velland.  The  latter  of  thefe  ftill  remains  be- 
tween Spalding  and  Croyland,  near  Brother-houfe  and  Clooc-bar,  on  the  fide  of  the 
bank  almoft  buried  on  the  earth  ;  with  this  infcription  : 

Jio  banc  peiram  Gutblacus  habct  fibi  metans. 

Gcvernor  Pownali  (1)  coniedured  that  it  originally  contained  the  names  of  the 
five  monks  who  affifted  Turketyi  in  afcertaining  the  bounds :  Clarenbauld,  Swar- 

(i)  ArchaEolog.  HI.  96. 

C  2  ting, 


12  THE     HISTORY    AND     ANTIQ^UITIES 

He  carried  back  with  him  their  charters  and  records,  and  re- 
deemed from  earl  Lewin  their  lands  in  Spalding,  Whaplode,  and 
Satterton,  for  forty  manes  of  gold;  from  earl  Alpher,  for  ten 
manes  of  gold,  Drayton;  from  earl  Athehvold,  for  a  like  fum, 
Standen,  and  Eadby  ;  from  earl  Ailvvin,  Morburn;  from  duke 
Oflac,  for  twelve  manes  of  gold,  Bokenhale  and  Halyngton,  iu 
Lindfey;  Langtoft  and  Bafton  were  relfored  by  the  king;  De- 
pyng  had  devolved  to  two  daughters  of  Langfer,  king  Beorred's 
panetarius,  who  would  not  give  it  up  while  Turketyl  lived.  Duke 
Ofbricht  was  as  tenacious  of  Kirkton,  Kymerby,  and  Croxton  ; 
and  the  writings  were  loft;  nor  were  they  mentioned  in  any 
royal  charter.  Turketyl  recovered  alio  Glapthorn,  Thirning, 
Laythorp,  Kirby,  Peakirk,  both  Addingtons,  Repingale,  Sutton, 
and  Stapelton. 

No  fooner  were  the  king  and  his  minifters  arrived  at  Croyland, 
than  Brun  and  Aio  were  fent  for  from  Winchefter  and  Malmf- 
bury.  They  were  eminent  for  learning,  devotion,  and  other 
accomplifliments.  In  the  prefence  of  the  five  monks  Turketyl 
put  oft'  the  lay  habit,  and  after  the  king  had  prefented  him  with 
the  paftoral  ftaff,  he  received  the  benedi6lion  from  Ceolwlph, 
bifliop  of  Dorchefter,  his  diocefan.  The  next  ftep  taken  by  ths 
new  abbot  and  his  little  convent  was  to  refign  their  houfe  and 
polTeffions  into  the  king's  hand.      The  king  engaged  the  feveral 

line;,  Thurgar,  Brun,  and  Aio  ;  the  laft  of  which  names  begins  the  prefent  infcrip- 
lion.  But  this  otherwife  ingenious  conjefture  is  at  once  overthrown  by  an  in- 
l'pe6iion  of  the  flonc  as  truly  drawn  by  John  Lloyd,  Efq;  F.  A.S.  and  engraved  in 
ArchfTolog.  V.  104.  pi.  6.  [Dr.  Stukely  having  mifreprcfented  it  as  an  obtruncated 
cone)(i),  and  commented  on  by  Mr.  Pegge,  whofliews  plainly  the  Hone  and  infcrip- 
tinn  are  entire  as  at  firll:,  not  to  mention  that  Turketyl  placed  the  ftones,  and  the 
five  monks  only  afcertained  the  limits.  The  words  of  Ingulphus,  p.  39,  compared 
with  what  he  faid  before,  p.  32,  prove  that  the  boimdaries  were  afcertained  and  the 
croffes  placed  by  Turketyl,  afilfled  only  by  the  three  monks  whom  he  found  at 
Cro\!and  ;  for  Brun  and  Aio  did  not  come  from  Wincheller  and  Malmfbury  till 
feme  time  after,  when  Turketyl  folemnly  took  upon  him  the  religious  habit  here. 

(  1)  See  alfoGent.  Mag.  1760,  p.  570. 

workmen, 


OF      CROYLAND-  ABBEY.  i.^ 

workmen,  appointing  as  oveiTecr  over  them  Egelric,  a  clerk  of 
his  own  family,  and  relation  to  Turketyl,  ^ith  leave  to  draw  on 
the  exchequer,  and  an  ample  fupply  of  wood  and  itone  out  of 
his  royal  manor  of  Caftor  adjoining,  hi  a  fliort  time  the  churcli 
and  cloyller,  with  every  building,  \\  ere  completed.  The  king,, 
the  abbot,  and  the  two  fecular  monks,  Turgar  and  Aio,  returned 
to  London;  where,  in  a  great  council  of  the  nation,  A.  D.  94S, 
Edred  granted  them  the  charter,  N°  VIII.  in  w'hich  he  flylcs 
himfelf,  "  MagJia  Britann'uz  temporale  gerens  imperium."  In 
this  ample  charter  the  king,  for  wife  and  politic  reafons,  refufcd 
to  confirm  the  privileges  of  fancluary  to  this  abey. 

Turketyl,  on  his  return  to  Croyland,  was  attended  by  a  num- 
ber of  learned  men.  Ten  of  them  entered  into  the  fociety  ;  the 
reft  continued  ieculars,  fome  as  priefts,  others  as  clerks.  All 
thefe  he  placed  in  the  cell  of  St.  Pega,  with  a  daily  allowance  to 
each  as  to  the  monks,  and  built  them  an  oratory.  They  all  wore 
the  fame  habit;  a  long  black  gown,  and  under-garments,  reach- 
mg  to  their  heels ;  and  as  they  had  fo  handfome  an  allowance,, 
and  no  other  reftricSion  but  to  obferve  continence  and  obedience^ 
fcarce  any  of  them,  fays  Ingulphus,  returned  to  the  world  again. 
They  had  a  prior  elected  by  themfelves,  and  confirmed  by  the 
abbot.  Some  of  them  clofed  their  life  in  a  moil  holy  manner,, 
and  were  buried  there  :  others  became  monks  and  even  abbots, 
here,  as  the  two  Egelrics  faccefTively.  Towards  the  end  of  Tur- 
ketyl's  life  Pegeland  w'as  almoit  deferted  by  its  prefbyters,  who 
turned  monks,  and  there  was  not  one  left  to  officiate  there. 
Whoever  applied  for  admiflion  into  this  abbey  was  firll  placed  in 
Pegeland,  and  according  to  the  report  of  him  from  thence,  ad- 
mitted or  rejected.  Turketyl,  in  honour  of  St.  Pega,  appointed  a 
prieft  to  celebrate  fervice  there,  without  eftabliilung  a  college  of 
regulars  or  irregulars,  which  would  have  been  prejudicial  to  his 

houfe. 


14  T  H  E    H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

houfe.      The  firft  prieft  fo  appointed  was  Reynford,   a  learned 
and  good  man. 

Turketyl  was  indefatigable  in  carrying  on  the  buildings  at 
Croyland.  In  the  eighth  year  of  Edgar,  A.  D.  966,  he  obtained 
of  that  prince  a  charter,  printed  N°  IX.  which  was  further 
guarded  by  an  ecclefiaftical  cenfure,  the  form  of  which  may  be 
leen  in  Ingiilphus,  p.  44.  He  next  applied  himfelf  to  collect  the 
muniments  of  his  houfe.  In  this  he  was  well  affifted  by  his 
monks;  Aio,  who  was  an  able  civilian;  Thurgar,  who  from  his 
earlieft  youth  had  known  the  monaftery  before  its  late  demolition; 
and  Swetman,  a  Ikilful  notary,  who  digefted  them  in  their  proper 
order  and  a  corre6t  ttyle.  At  this  time  was  drawn  up  a  regular 
hirtory,  containing  the  principal  events  of  the  abbey,  with  thole  of 
the  kingdoms  of  Mercia  and  Weffex  interfperfed,  from  its  firft 
foundation  by  king  Etheibald  to  the  fourteenth  year  of  king 
Edgar. 

Turketyl,  upon  revifal  of  the  ancient  rules  and  ordinances  of 
his  houfe,  cnadted  the  following  new  ones.  He  divided  the 
whole  fociety  into  three  ranks  :  the  juniors,  from  their  firft  ad- 
miflion  into  the  houfe  to  their  twenty-fourth  year,  to  take  upon 
them  all  the  offices  of  the  choir,  the  cloyfter,  and  refe(5lory,  in 
linging,  reading,  and  ferving.  The  middle  rank  was  compofcd 
of  thofe  who  had  been  in  the  houfe  fixteen  years  longer,  who 
having  gone  through  the  different  duties  before  mentioned  now 
performed  them  only  in  turn,  or  twice  a  week,  affifted  by  the 
juniors.  The  third  comprehended  thofe  from  forty  to  fifty  years 
old,  who  were  denominated  feniors,  and  only  celebrated  mafs 
with  chaunting.  Theie  were  exempted  from  all  the  offices  of 
the  houfe,  except  by  particular  ajipointment  of  the  abbot.  Who- 
ever arrived  at  his  fiftieth  year  was  called  Sempe5Ia^  and  had 
affigned  him,  by  the  prior,  a  fair  chamber  in  the  infirmary,  with 

a  clerk 


OF     CROYLAND-ABBET.  15 

a  clerk  or  boy  to  wait  on  him,  who  had  an  allowance  from  the 
al)bot,  and  the  fame  meafnre  as  an  efquire's  boy  in  the  abbot's 
hall.  He  had  befides  a  junior  brother  in  commons  with  him 
{commenfalis)  for  the  rcfpc<Slive  edification  and  comfort  of  each, 
ap}X)inted  by  the  prior,  with  the  fame  allowance  from  the  kitchen 
as  the  fick.  The  fempe81a  had  free  ingrefs  and  egrefs  and  li- 
berty of  walking  about  the  houfe,  with  or  without  his  frock, 
without  being  troubled  with  the  bufinefs  of  the  houfe  or  mo- 
lefled  by  any  one.  The  prior  was  to  injoin  penances  daily  in 
the  chapter-houfe,  and  to  augment  or  mitigate  them  as  he  law  fit. 
The  management  of  the  refeftory  and  infirmary  was  entirely  left 
to  him,  and  his  allowance  always  went  on;  and  unlefs  he  was 
convicted  of  any  great  crime,  for  which  he  was  to  receive  three 
admonitions,  he  was  to  continue  prior  to  his  death.  The  abbot 
and  prior  w^ere  both  to  obey  the  prtecentor  and  his  regulations 
in  the  choir.  Turketyl  annexed  to  the  office  of  facrilt  that  of 
archdeacon  over  the  whole  parifli  of  Croyland.  He  gave  to  the 
facrilt  a  gold  chalice  and  two  filver  gilt  (phialas)  bowls,  wrought 
with  two  angels,  and  two  beautiful  large  filver  bafons,  moft  ele- 
gantly wrought  with  armed  foldiers  ;  all  which  were  a  prefent  to 
him  from  the  emperor  of  Germany,  and  had  till  then  been  ufed  in 
his  own  chapel.  He  alio  fettled  on  the  chamber  of  the  monks 
[officio  earner lC  monaehorum')  his  manor  of  Beby^  with  the  church. 
When  thefe  feveral  ordinances  had  been  agreed  to,  and  read  in  the 
chapter,  he  caufed  them  to  be  fairly  tranfciibcd  at  the  end  of  the 
rule  of  St.  Benedidt.  This  was  performed  by  the  {\\efempe^cv  above 
mentioned,  who  alio  colle6led  together  an  hifiory  of  the  abbey. 

The    venerable  Turketyl    now  beginning   to  fink  under  the 
weight  of  years,  and  the  great  fatigues  he  had  gane  through, 
and  the    many    wounds    he  had    received    in    early     life,    ap- 
plied himfelf  to  the  duties  of  charity  and  religion,  vifiting  the 
4  children. 


-i6  'J'HE    HISTORY     AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

children  of  noblemen  in  their  novitiate,  and  the  clergy  at  Pege- 
land,  who  inihaKfted  them ;  in  which  vifits  he  was  always  attended 
by  a  fervant,  who  carried  dried  or  ripe  fruits,  with  almonds,  and 
other  little  prefcnts,  to  encourage  the  young  fcholars,  who  were 
fure  of  his  prayers  and  rewards.  When  the  oldeft  of  the  five 
fe^npeS'hp,  Clarenbauld,  who  had  completed  his  i68th  year, 
fell  fick  of  his  lail:  illnefs,  Turketyl  never  left  him;  and  after 
his  death  buried  him  in  the  middle  of  the  choir.  He  fliewed  the 
fame  affe(!:tionate  concern  for  Swarting,  who  died  the  next  year,  in 
his  I42d  year,  and  buried  him  by  the  former:  as  he  did  alfo. 
Brun  and  Aio,  within  the  fame  year,  which  was  the  fourteenth 
of  king  Edgar;  and  in  the  next  year  Turgar,  in  his  115th  year. 
Laft  of  all.  in  the  year  folloMdng,  which  was  the  lixteenth  and 
lail  year  of  king  Edgar,  and  of  our  Lord  975,  Turketyl  himfelf 
departed  this  life  in  his  68th  year.  He  had  celebrated,  with  great 
devotion,  the  feftival  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul,  which  falling  in 
the  dog-days,  which  that  year  were  uncommonly  hot,  he  caught 
a  fever,  which  was  for  three  days  very  violent.  On  the  fourth 
day  he  fent  for  the  whole  convent,  forty-feven  monks  and  four 
lay-brethren,  to  his  chamber,  and  in  their  prefence  commanded 
Egelric,  his  llcward,  to  Ihew  them  the  ftate  of  the  houfe,  for 
which  he  made  him  anlwerable  by  deed  after  his  death.  This 
treafure  amounted  tOjCioooo.  There  were  alfo  many  very  pre- 
cious reliques,  prefents  to  Turketyl,  when  chancellor,  from  the 
diiferent  ibvereigns  of  Europe  and  other  noble  perfonagcs*. 
The  diforder  increaling,  the  day  before  bis  death  he  addreffed  a 
brief  exhortation  to  the  brethren  to  charity,  obfervance  of  their 
rule,  warning  them  againft  negligence  both  in  temporal  and  fpi- 

■^  Among  thefe  was  the  thumb  of  St.  Bartholomew,  which  Turketyl  always  car- 
ried about  with  him  ;  feme  of  the  Virgin  PJary's  hair;  a  bone  of  St.  Leodegaire 
and  many  others ;  whereof  fome  were  loft,  and  fomc  remained  till  Ingulphus's 
time,     p-  5  '• 

ritual 


OF      CROYLAND-ABBET.  »7 

ritual  concerns,  and  particularly  to  be  careful  of  their  fire  *.  His 
lirength  gradually  failing,  he  finilhed  his  courfe  on  the  tranlla- 
tion  of  St.  Benedid:,  his  patron,  in  the  68th  year  of  his  age,  and 
27th  of  his  profelfion,  and  was  buried  on  tiie  right  hand  of  the 
high  altar,  by  his  neighbours  Aedulph,  abbot  of  Peterboroiigli, 
and  Godman,  al)bot  of  Tiiurney  t.  "  The  tenants  of  the  fcite  of 
the  abbey  lately  dug  up  his  Hone  coffin  among  many  others  I." 

He  was  fucceeded  by  Ege/ric  the  elder,  his  kinlman,  lleward  of 
the  abbey,  a  very  religious  man,  and  excellently  qualitied  to  con- 
duit the  affairs  of  the  houfe.  By  his  relation  to  Alfer,  duke  of 
the  Mercians,  he  warded  off  from  it  the  troubles  in  which  inany 
religious  houfes  were  involved  in  the  reign  of  Edgar's  Ion  Ed- 
ward ;  and  underftanding  that  Ethelwald,  bifliop  of  VVinchefter, 
was  inftrumental  with  the  king  to  reftore  Medefliamfted-abbey  to 
its  former  fplendor,  he  got  leave  to  carry  oif  timber  from  the 
neighbouring  woods  while  forfeited  to  the  king,  with  w  hich,  in 
Turketyl's  time,  the  nave  of  the  church  was  finiflied,  the  tower 
ftrengthened  with  ftout  beams,  and  after  Turketyl's  death  many 
handfome  buildings  were  erecfted,  the  infirmary  boarded,  a  cha- 
pel, bath,  and  other  offices  built  of  the  fame  materials  (the  foun- 
dations not  been  calculated  to  bear  ftone)  and  covered  with  lead. 
He  built  alio  of  timber  the  Granger's  hall,  two  large  chambers,  a 
new  brewhoufe,  and  bakehoufe,  a  large  granary,  and  a  (table  with 
rooms  over  it  for  all  the  abbey  fervants.  The  three  laft  buildings 
completely  fliut  out  the  Welt  fide  of  the  abbey  precinft  from  the 
town,  as  the  South  was  doled  with  the  Itranger's  hall  and  its 
apartments  ;  the  Eaft  by  the  ffioemaker's  workffiop  §  and  hali  of 

*  De  ignis  nojlri  diligenli  ciijlodia,  frequently  repeating  ignem  vejlrumoptime  cuftodite, 
which  Ingulphus  refers  prophetically  to  the  dreadful  conflagration  which  def'ij,ed 
this  abbey  in  his  time. 

f  Ing.  p.  30 — 52.  X  Stuk.  Pal.  Brit.  II.  35.  1746.  ^Sulr.tiun:. 

D  new 


f«  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTI  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S 

new  converts  •',  the  abbot's  kitchen,  hall,  chamber,  and  chapel, 
which  terminated  the  cloifter  to  the  Weft.  The  North  fide  of 
abbey  was  clofed  by  the  great  gate  and  almonry  -f-  to  the  Eaft. 
All  thefe  feveral  buildings  (except  the  abbot's  hall,  chamber,  and 
chapel,  joining  to  the  cloyfter,  which  Turketyl  built  of  ftone) 
were  of  wood  covered  with  lead,  hi  dry  years  he  tilled  |  the 
fenns  in  the  four  corners,  and  for  three  or  four  years  they 
yielded  loo  fold.  I'edwarthar  fen  yielded  themoft;  and  the 
monaftery  was  fo  well  fuppUed,  that  it  afforded  relief  to  the- 
whole  country  round;  and  by  the  vaft  concourfe  of  ftrangers,  it 
became  a  confiderable  town.  He  made  alfo  two  large  bells, 
which  he  called  BartboIo?new  and  Bettelin\  two  middle  ones, 
named  'Turketyl  and  Tativ'm\  and  two  leffer,  named  Pega  and 
Bega\  Turketyl  had  made  a  larger,  called  Gutblac\  all  which 
together  formed  a  ring  of  bells  not  equalled  in  England.  After 
he  had  held  his  office  ten  years,  Egelric  died  here  in  Auguft,  and 
was  buried  in  the  chapterhoufe,  A.  D.  984  ||. 
i  He  was  fucceeded  by  Egelric  the  younger,  of  the  fame  family,  2 

f-  perfon  more  verfed  in  books  and  facred  literature  than  in  temporal 

f  •  matters,  yet  he  managed  his  monaftery  extremely  well.     He  gave 

^  to  the  common  library  of  the  monks  original  volumes  of  various 

\  learned  authors  to  the  number  of  40,  and  above   100  lefler  and 

^  hiftorical  treatifes  ;   to  the  facrift  many  veftments,  viz.  to  every 

\.  altar  in  the  church  two  chefubles**;  to  the  choir  24  copes,  fix 

'i  white,  fix  red,   fix  green,  fix  black;  two  great  ftands  §,  fupported 

by  lions,  to  ftand  before  the  high  altar  on  feftivals,  and  two  lefs, 
adorned  with  flowers,  for  the  feftivals  of  the  apoftles  ;  many  hang- 
ings for  the  walls  before  the  altars  of  the  faints  on  feftivals,  moft  of 
them  either  interwoven  or  embroidered  with  golden  birds,  andfome  , 

*  Fratrum  converforum.  -j-  Diverforium  pauperum.  .  \  Fecit  culturam,  . 

l[,.Ing.  p.  53-  *^'  Cafulau  %Feclalia.  . 

S  f  plain.. 


^ 
•^ 


OF      CROYLAND-ABBEY.  >9 

plain.  He  caiifed  to  be  made  fix  chalices  for  the  cUfFcrcnt  altars 
and  chapels,  fix  graciiials,  four  nntiphonars,  and  eight  miffal?,  ,fol- 
the  altars  in  the  chc-r,  furniihed  the  offices  of  the  monaftcry  with 
copper  vefiels,  cloathed  the  whole  convent  every  year  witil 
gowns,  every  other  year  with  hoods,  and  every  third  yciir  with 
irocksj  at  his  own  c;Kpence''- ;  bclides  v/liat  abbot 'I'urkctyl  gave 
the  manor  of  Beby  for.  After  eight  years  excellent  adminiih-a-^ 
tion  he  died  5  non.  Mart.  A.  D.  992,  and  was  buried  by  the 
fide  of  his  predeceffor  in  the  chapterhoule  i. 

His  fucceflbr  was  OJhetidy  who  had  been  prior  under  Turke- 
tyl  and  both  Egelrics,  after  prior  Amfrid.  higulphus  gives  him 
an  excellent  chara6ter,  crowned  by  fitch  an  extenfive  charity> 
that  he  was  ftyled  the  Father  of  the  Poor.  In  his  time  the  Danes 
renewed  their  ravages,  and  Lefwin,  a  rich  lady  of  Elnophfbury> 
and  filter  to  our  abbot,  flying  from  them,  carried  with  her  to 
Witlefey  the  reliques  of  St.  Neot,  which  flie  perfuaded  her  brother 
to  fend  for  to  his  abbey,  which  was  accordingly  done.  King 
Ethelred  having  demanded  a  heavy  fubfidy  from  the  religious 
houfes  to  pay  the  tax  impofed  on  him  by  the  Danes,  the  collectors 
not  content  with  taking  the  facred  velTels  and  jewels,  laid  their 
hands  on  the  fhrines.  To  fave  thofe  of  Croyland,  the  abbot  paid 
at  different  times  400  marks  of  filver  ;  and  after  filling  the  pafto- 
Tal  chair  twelve  years,  died  la  kal.  Nov.  1005  ;];. 

To  him  fucceeded  Goclric  II.  eledted,  fayS  Ingulphus,  ill  times 
of  oppreffion  and  trouble,  as  his  predeceilbr  and  namefake,  in  the 
time  of  the  defolation  and  ruin  of  his  abbey.  He  fat  fourteen 
years  in  the  reign  of  king  Ethelred,  and  in  his  firll  year  paid  him 
200  marks,  befides  lefler  fums  continually  extorted  by  the  king's 
fervants.     The  fame  happened  in  the  fecond,  third,  and  fourth 

■-*  DefeSiafua.        f  Ing.  p.  53.  54.        %  lb.  p.  55. 

D  2  years* 


4d 


20  THE     HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  ?  S 

years.      In  the  third  year  a  further  fum  of  ;^2  0o.  was  demanded 
to  build  and  man  lliips.      hi  the  fourth  year  Turkill,   a  Danifli 
earl,  landing  with  a  powerful  armament,  a  demand  of  jTioo.  wa& 
made,  and  moft  rigoroufly  inforced.      The  Danes,   over-running 
the  country,  burnt  whatever  they  could  not  carry  off,  and  among 
the  reft  the   manors  of  Drayton,   Cotenham,  and  Hopeton,  and 
the  whole  county  of  Cambridge.      It  had  now  been  the  cuftom 
to  pay  400  marks  a  year,  when,  in  1013,  Sviene  arrived  With  a 
frefli  fleet,  and  over-run  Lindfey,  burning  the  villages,  flaughter- 
ing  the  peafants,  and  torturing  the  religious  to  death.      He  burnt 
Bafton  and  Langtoft,  the  monaftery  of  St.  Pega  and  all  its  adjacent 
manors,  Glynton,  Northburch,  Makefey,  Etton,  Badyngton,   and 
Bernak.  The  abbot  efcaped  by  night  in  a  boat  to  Croyland,  as  did 
the  abbot   and  monks  of  Peterborough,   when  their  houfe  was 
deftroyed,  to  Thorney,  the  prior  to  Ely,  and  the  fub-prior,  with 
ten  monks,  to  Croyland.      A  very  fortimate  rain  that  year  had 
laid  the  whole  country  imder  water,  fo  that  this  abbey  was  a  fe- 
cure  refort  of  innumerable  multitudes.      The  choir  and  cloifter 
were  filled  with  monks,  the  reft  of  the  church  with  priefts  and 
clerks,  the  whole  abbey  with  the  laity,  and  the  church-yard,  day 
and  night,  with  women  and  children  under  tents.      The  ftrongeft 
of  the  men  watched  among  the  reeds  and  alders  along  the  rivers. 
There  were  then  100  monks  in  commons  *.      Swene  lent  and  de- 
manded 1000  marks  to  be  paid  in  a  fet  time  at  Lincoln  under  pain 
of  burning  the  monaftery ;   and  three  months  after  this  fum  was 
paid,   another  fuch  was  extorted  by   his   officers   to   vidtual  his 
troops.      King  Ethelred  fuppofed  Godric  was  worth  mountains  of 
money  I;   and  Swene  and  his  army  were  perpetually  threatening 
him  for  affording  flielter  to  fo  many  refugees.     By  expences  at 

fhnunfa.  \  Cumulos  argent'u 

home. 


OF      C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D  -  A  B  B  £  Y.  21 

home,  and  exadlions  from  abroad,  Turket)  I's  whole  trcalure  was 
drained,  and  both  Egeh-ic's  barns  deftroyed.  The  king's  officers  ft  ill 
worrying  Godric,  and  charging  him  with  inviting  in  the  Danes, 
it  was  determined  to  hire  fome  of  the  followers  of  Edric,  duke  of 
Mercia;   and  when  all  refources  for  paying  them  failed,  to  mort- 
gage their  4ands  to  him  for  life.      Norman,  fon  of  carl  Lefwin, 
and  brother  of  Leofric,  earl  of  Lciteftcr,  was  hired  with  a  grant 
of  Badby  manor  for  100  years,  to  hold  of  St.  Guthlac,   paying  a 
pepper-corn    fine  yearly   at  Bartholomewtide.      This  lerved  the 
monallery  in  good  ftead,  till  he  was  killed  in  battle  againft  Ca- 
nute, 10 1 7,  when  Edric  twice  betrayed  his  own  fovereign,  and 
was  hanged  for  his  treacheries  by  Canute.      Norman's  lands  were- 
given  to  his  brother  Leofric,  and  among  the  reft  Badby,  which,  at 
the  inftigation  of  his  confeffor,  a  monk  of  Evefliam,  he  made  over 
to  that  abbey  for  his  brother's  time,  and  they  Itill  kept  it  beyond 
that  tirae,Jn  Ingulphus's  time. 

Peace  being  once  more  reftor^d  on  the  acceflion  of  Canute,  the 
abbot  fent  back  all  the  monks  of  other  houles  who  had  Iheltered. 
with  him.      But  he  did  not  long,  enjoy  the  tranquillity,  but  died. 
14  cal.  Feb.  after  fourteen  years  troublefome  adminirtration,  and 
was  buried  in  the  chapterhoufe  over  againft*  OHvetul. 

His  relation,.  Brithmer,  fucceeded  him,  and  obtained  from  Ca- 
nute a  confirmation  of  their  charter  (N°  X.)  with  a  gold  chalice. 
On  the  king's  return  from  Rome  the  abbot  met  him  at  Sandwich,. 
and  prefented.  him  with<  two  beautiful  palfreys;  in  return  for 
which' the  king  gave  him  a  full  fuit  of  filk  t,  embroidered  with' 
golden  eagles,  and  a  lilver  gilt  cenfer,  w^hich  being  broken  by- 
age,  was  repaired  in  Ingulphus's  time  by  Ednoth  his  feeretary,, 
twelve  white  bears  fkins,   ioaie-  of  which  remained  before  the 

*  Contra.    Ing.  p.  55 — 58. ,  f  Plenum  vejlimentum  de  ferko. 

altars- 


aj  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES 

altars  to  Ingulphus's  time.  The  abbot  rebuilt  feveral  manor- 
houfes  ;  and  at  Standon,  Drayton,  and  Morburn  four  nails, 
chambers,  and  offices.  In  the  other  manors,  dellroyed  by  the 
Danes,  he  built  barns,  cowhouies  ■••■,  tables,  Iheep-pens,  and  kit- 
chens, at  Cotenham,  Hoketon,  Wendling,  Adington,  Elraington', 
Langtoft,  Ballon,  Bukenhall,  and  Halyngton.  .•.'  v.s.;  '-v 

On  the  death  of  Canute,  tlie  fiicceffion  being  like  to  be  cll'f^ 
puted  between  his  Tons  Harold  and  Hardicnute,  numbers  of  peo- 
ple alarmed  at  the  appreheufion  of  war  flocked  for  fafety  to 
Croyland,  and  To  incommoded  the  monks,  that  they  deferted  the 
place,  and  there  were  fcarce  enough  left  to  officiate.  Wulfi,  the 
hermit  at  Pegeland,  was  fo  teazed  by  them,  that  he  retired  to 
Evefliam.  'By  Hardicnute's  retiring  to  Denmark  Harold  became 
king  of  England.  >He  gave  to  this  houfe  his  coronation  robe  of 
filk,  embroidered 'Avith  flowers  of  gold)  Avhich  the  fecretary  after- 
wards converted  into  a  cope,  and  through  the  interelt  of  the  ab- 
bot with  him  it  was  Supplied.  'Had  he  lived  he  would  have  been 
a  fignal  benefacftor.  -On  his  deceafe  his  brother  Hardicnute  came 
over,  and  Succeeded  him;  but  after  a  fhort  reign  of  two  years,  left 
his  crown  to  Edward. 

This  prince  foon  introduced  Norman  and  French  cuftoms  to 
the  negledt  of  Englifli  ones.  In  the  iixth  year  of  his  reign  abbot 
Brithmer  died  8  id.  April,  after  having  been  abbot  twenty-eight 
years,  and  was  buried  in  the  entrance  of  the  chapterhoufe. 
About  this  time  Ulgat,  abbot  of  Pegeland,  by  the  fuperior  intereft 
of  the  abbots  of  Peterborough  at  court,  loft  his  monaftery,  and 
laid  the  foundations  of  a  new  one  on  his  manor  of  Northam- 
burgh,  on  the  river  Weland,  which  was  prefently  claimed  and 
loeized  by  Fernot  lord  of  Bofworth  ;   and  the  abbot  and  monks  had 

■'''•'  *  Bojlaria. 

Tlt3 


OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D      ABBEY.  2^^ 

no  other  remedy  than  in  the  kindnefs  of  the  khig,  who  invited 
them  to  his  palace  and  chapel ;  and  fhortly  after,  when  Gerar 
the  prior  and  two  monks  of  Groyland  came  to  bring  the  paftoral 
ftaff  of  their  late  abbot*,  the  king  conferred  it  on  Wlgat,  di- 
recting to  the  convent  the  letter,  N"  XI.  and  granting  them  the 
charter,  N°  XII. 

VVlgate  returned  to  his  monaftery  with  his  fixteen  monks,  two 
having  died  in  London,  and  was  received  there  on  St.  Mark's 
day  1008.  At  the  fame  time  Egelric  abbot  of  Peterborough 
was  advanced  to  the  fee  of  Durham,  after  which  promotion  he 
applied  his  immenfe  wealth  to  raife  a  noble  caufeway  of  piles 
and  gravel  through  the  middle  of  the  wafte  foreft  and  deep  fens 
of  Deeping  to  Spalding,  which  in  Ingulphus's  time  %vas  known 
by  the  name  of  Elricberode^  after  which  he  refigned  his  bifhop- 
ric,  and  refumed  his  abbey,  in  which  he  died. 

The  year  1051  was  remarkable  for  a  dreadful  famine.  To  re- 
lieve the  monaftery  of  Groyland,  Thorold  (a  relation  of  that  Tho- 
rold  who  formerly  gave  them  Bokenhale  manor)  beftowed  on  them 
his  whole  manor  of  Spalding,  with  all  its  rents  and  profits  forever. 
Six  monks  were  forthwith  fent  thither  with  him,  and  he  fitted' 
up  his  chapel,  and  turned  his  houfe  into  apartments  for  them. 

After  Wlgate  had  prefided  four  years,  he  died  on  the  Nones  - 
of  June  1052,  and  was  buried  in  the  chapter-houfe.      He  was 
fucceeded  by  Ulketul  monk  and  facrift  of  Peterborough. 

Algar  earl  of  Leicefter,  who  was  twice  out-lawed  by  king 
Edward,  confirmed  the  grants  of  his  anceftors,  and  made  confi- 
derable  additions  to  thofe  of  Spalding,  where  abbot  Ulketul  af- 
iigned  the  chapel  of  St.  Mary,  and  all  the  rents  on  the  eait  lide 
of  the  river  Weland  to  the  monaftery  there  t. 

*  From  the  time  of  king  Ethelred  it  had  been  cuftomary  that   no  eleftion  of' 
prelates  was  free  and  ftriflly  canonical ;  but  all  dignities,  whether  of  bifliops  or  ab- 
bots, were  beftowed  by  the  king  at  his  pleafure  by  the  ring  and  ftafF.     log.  63. 

f  Ing.  p.  66.. 


24  THE     H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

In  1  06  r  the  abbot  began  to  build  a  new  church  at  Croyland, 
the  old  one  built  by  Thorold  being  in  a  ftate  of  decay.  Earl 
Wultheof,  who  had  given  to  this  abbey  his  manor  of  Bearkn, 
Mhich  had  formerly  belonged  to  the  church,  and  had  a  fine 
ouarry  of  flone,   was  fingularly  aftive  in  affifting  in  this  work. 

Leofric  lord  of  Brunne  had  by  his  wife  Ediva  a  fon  named 
Hereward,  who  married  a  Flemilh  lady  named  Turfritki,  whofe 
mother  then  dwelt  at  Croylaml,  and  was  buried  there.  Their 
daughter  married  Hugh  Everraue  lord  of  Deeping.  He  revolt- 
ed after  the  Conquell,  Supported  the  people  of  Ely  io  their  re- 
bellion againll  the  Conqueror,  difpoffeit  the  abbot  of  Peterbo- 
rough, and  made  priibner  Ivo  Tailbois,  whom  the  latter  had  called 
in  to  his  defence.  This  Tailbois  was  Imd  of  Hoyland,  and  an 
inveterate  enemy  to  the  Groylanders,  as  well  as  a  heavy  oppref- 
for  of  his  own  fubje6ts.  He  made  no  fcruple  of  driving  the 
cattle  of  'the  abbey  with  his  dogs  into  the  fens,  where  they  were 
drowned,  and  maiming  or -cropping  others ;  and  he  plagued  the 
college  of  Spalding  ib  intolerably  that  the  monks  deferted  it, 
and  retired  to  Croyiand,  from  whence  a  monk  was  fent  every 
■day,  and  at  iali  every  other  day,  to  ferve  in  the  wooden  chapel. 
At  laft  the  monk  was  loft  in  a  violent  ftorm,  which  over-fet  the 
boat.  Ivo  thinking  he  had  gained  his  point,  fupplied  the  col- 
lege with  monks  from  Anjou,  who  lived  on  the  revenues  of  the 
others,  who  coiald  obtain  no  re<lrefs  from  the  king  of  England  ''•-. 

To  complete  the  misfortunes  of  the  abbey  of  Croyland,  earl 
Waltheof  -f-.,  who  had  been  their  conltant  friend  and  benefadfor, 

was, 

*  Ing.  p.  71,  7i. 

•f  Waltlieot,  earl  of  Northampton  and  Huntingdon,  was  Ion  of  Siward  (i)  duke  of 
Northumberland,  no  lets  eminent  for  his  perlbnal  bravery  than  for  his  piety.  He  was 
a  favourite  with  the  Conqueror,  who  gave  him  Judith,  his  niece,  in  marriage, 
with  an  ample  dowry,  and  he  was  unfortunately  drawn    into  u  confpiracy  form- 

(j)  See  Siv aid's  hiftory  ai  the  end  of  Lei,  Itin.  iv.  p.  151.     He  was  fiift  earl  of  Huntingdon,  and  then 
idukt  of  Northumberland. 

ed 


OF      C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D  -  A  B  B  E  Y. 


25 


was,  at  the  inftigation  of  his  wife,  M'ho  wanted  another  huf- 
band,  charged  with  a  confpiracy  agahift  the  Conqueror,  and  be- 
headed at  Winchefter,  though  perfedly  innocent,  and  buried  in 
an  humble  turf  grave.  Abbot  Ulketyl,  by  the  king's  leave, 
took  up  the  corpfe  a  fortnight  after,  and  found  it  as  frcih  and 
bleeding  as  if  juft  beheaded;  and  carrying  it  to  Croyland,  bu- 
ried it  in  the  chapter-houfe.  His  widow  Judith,  hearing  of 
the  miracles  wrought  by  it,  came  to  the  tomb,  and  oifered  a 
filken  pall  in  the  prefence  of  the  whole  convent,  who  beheld  it 
puflied  off  to  a  diil:ance  from  the  tomb,  as  by  hands.  The  king 
her  uncle  offering  his  niece  in  marriage  to  a  Norman  gentleman, 

ed  agninfl  that  prince  by  feveral  of  the  Englifli  nobility  when  he  was  abroad.  But 
being  feized  with  remorle  he  difclofed  the  whole  to  Lanfranc  archbifbop  of  Can- 
terbury, and  by  his  advice  to  the  king  himfelf  at  Normandy.  When  William  re- 
turned, he  executed  fevere  puniOiments  on  the  CHifpirators  who  were  convi<fled,  but 
contented  himfelf  with  keeping  Waltheof  prifoner  a  year  iu  W'incheiler  Caftle. 
On  a  fudden,  by  the  fuggt-flions  of  the  Normans,  who  wanted  his  eflate,  he  was 
hurried  out  early  one  morning  in  June,  and  beheaded  on  the  hill  juit  out  of  the_ 
city,  and  his  corpfe  thrown  into  a  pit  and  covered  with  turf,  as  the  meaneft  crimi- 
nal. The  monks  relate,  that  not  being  allowed  to  fiiiilh  the  Lord's  Prayer,  his 
head  after  it  was  off  uttered  with  a  loud  and  dirtinct  voice  the  concluding  fen- 
tence,  "  Deliver  us  from  evil." 

This  is  from  a  fumm.ary  of  VValthcof's  life,  called  his  Epitaph,  compofed  by 
William  monk  of  Croyland,  who  alio  made  him  another  epitaph  in  metre.  See 
both  in  Lei.  It.  iv.  146 — 149,  and  extracts  from  an  older  life  by  another  monk  of 
Croyland.     lb.  149. 

]Malmfbury,  giving  an  account  of  Waltheof's  death,  obferves,  that  the  Englifh 
ftate  of  the  cafe  is  neared  the  truth  \^An^U  plur'anum  vcritate  prj:J}antef\ ;  that 
the  enrl  being  artfully  invited  to  a  fealf,  was  dr.iwn  into  the  plot,  to  which  he  af- 
fented  only  by  the  motion  of  his  li-ps,  and  not  by  his  words  ;  and  confeffed  both  to 
the  archbilbop  and  the  king,  that  he  only  feigned  a  temporary  confent,  and  to  this 
heaven  itfelf  feemed  to  bear  witnefs,  by  the  many  and  great  miracles  wrcught  at 
his  tomb.  The  prior  of  the  pl'.ce  told  Malmfbury  he  was  altonifhed  at  them,  and 
had  a<flual!y  handled  the  uncorrupteJ  body,  and  feen  the  head  joined  on  to  it,  only 
a  red  mark  {hewing  it  had  once  been  fevered.  For  which  reafon  he  fcrupled  nc:  in 
every  difcourfe  to  call  him  a  faint,  and  offer  prayers  and  thebenefits  of  the  place  to  all 
who  aiked  them  in  his  name.  [_^i.-; propter  non  fe  dubitare  iiluin  in  own'i  fcnncne. 
jMi^um  appellare,  in  illius  7wmine  crationes  isf  benejicia  loci  petrntilnis  dare  dice- 
i>at,\  De  Geft.  Pont.  iv.  f.  167.  a.  De  GefL  Reg.  iii.  58.  b.  Id.  in  Lei.  Coll. 
ili.  270.  His  arms  were  Paly  O  &  G.  over  all  a  bend  S.  He  lived  at  Connington 
in  Huntiogdonihire,  and  at  Ryhal  by  Stainford.     (Stuk.  Pal,  Brit,  li.  134.) 

E  Simon 


26  THE    HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  q_U  I  T  I  E  S 

Simon  Sylvane(5V,  flie  refufecl  him,  becaiife  he  was  lame  of  one 
leg;  on  which  tlie  king  enraged  gave  Simon  the  earldom  of 
Huntingdon  with  its  revenues,  and  fl.ie  continued  in  contempt, 
unmarried,   to  her  death  *. 

The  abbot  pulilickly  celebrating  the  many  miracles  before- men- 
tioned, fo  provoked  the  Normans,  particularly  Tailbois,  that 
they  fnmmoned  him  to  a  council  at  London  on  a  charge  of 
idolatry,  deprived  him  of  his  abbacy,  and  confined  him  at  Glaf- 
tonbury  under  the  cruel  abbot  Thurilan,  far  from  his  acquaint- 
ance and  country  t. 

On  his  deprivation,  and  the  confifcation  of  the  whole  revenue 
of  the  abbey  into  the  king's  hands,  Ingulphus  was  appointed  ab- 
bot. He  was  born  at  London,  educated  at  Weftminfter  and  Ox- 
ford, where  he  made  a  rapid  proficiency  ;  and  when  he  grew  up, 
came  to  court  at  the  time  of  the  interview  between  king  Ed- 
ward and  William  duke  of  Noriyiandy.  He  foon  diflinguiflied 
himfelf  fo  as  to  gain  the  favour  of  the  latter,  who  took  him  over 
to  Normandy  as  his  fecretary.  He  fet  out  for  the  Holy  Land  in 
company  with  feveral  of  the  duke's  court ;  and  after  leaving  Con- 
ftantinopie  they  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Arabs,  who  plundered 
them  fo,  that  hardly  with  their  lives  did  they  vifit  Jerufalem ; 
but  they  were  prevented  from  feeing  the  other  holy  places  by  the 
fame  robbery,  and  returned  by  a  Genoefe  fhip  from  Joppa  to 
Home.     Ingulphus  betook  himfelf  to  the  abbey   of  Fontanel  |, 

*  Simon  married  her  eldeft  daughter  Maud.    Lei.  It.  iv.  158.  "^I^g•  73- 

X  This  abbey  was  founded  for  Bcnediftines  in  the  dioccfe  of  Roueti,  fix  or  feven 
leagues  from  that  city,  on  a  branch  of  theSeine,  not  far  from  Claudebec  and  Jumieges, 
by  St.  Wandragefil,  A.  D.  654,  or  Richard  fecond  duke  of  Normandy,  in  honour  of 
that  faint.  Soon  after  its  foundation  it  hatl  500  monks;  now  there  are  not  above 
2.0.  It  is  at  prefent  known  by  the  name  of  St.  Vandriile.  The  church  was  burnt 
756  and  862,  and  not  entirely  rebuilt  till  1033.  The  nave  remains  unfiniftied,  and 
abeautiful  centre  tovver,  built  1331,  fell  down  for  want  of  repair  i63r,and  deflroyed 
two  thirds  of  the  choir,  the  nave,  fouth  tranfept,  and  Lady  chapel.  The  religious  of 
St.  Maur,  who  were  foon  after  introduced,  rebuilt  the  whole.  Defer,  de  la  haute 
I^^^ormandie  1. 78 — 8^.  41:0.    See  Alien  Priories  IF.  p.  18, 

where. 


OF      CROYLAND-ABBEY.  27 

where  he  took  the  vow  under  abbot  Gerbert,  and  was  foon  alter 
appointed  their  prior.  When  Wilham  took  lliip  at  St.  Valery 
for  the  conqueft  of  England,  Ingulphus  l)ro\ight  him  iVom  the 
abbot  twelve  choice  young  horferaen,  with  one  hundred  marks 
for  their  pay,  for  which  he  brought  back  a  grant  of  the  whole 
vine-yard  Cariloci'^  to  his  abbey.  On  the  depofition  of  Ulketul, 
the  Conqueror  fcnt  for  him  over  to  fill  his  place.  While  he  fpent 
the  night  in  the  church  of  Fontanel  in  prayer  before  the  iLrines 
of  the  faints  Wandragefil,  WultVan,  and  Ofbert,  after  reading 
the  afcenlion  of  St.  Andrew  he  fell  alleep  on  a  defk.  There  ap-' 
peared  to  him  in  a  dream  a  ^  enerable  abbot  condu<5led  by  two 
bifliops  from  behind  the  altar,  and  two  faints  attending  a  third 
in  a  gold  chain.  After  much  greeting,  and  repeating  the  Lord's 
Prayer,  one  of  the  billiops  called  him  afide,  commanding  him  to 
condud;  the  ftrangers  home,  to  ferve  them  diligently,  and  to  take 
great  care  of  the  fire  of  the  houfe,  till  he  fliould  fend  for  him. 
The  reft  joined  in  the  fame  requelf,  and  the  bifliop  in  conclufioii 
encouraged  him,  faying,  "  Go,  and  my  right-hand  fliall  be  ever 
with  thee."  Ingulphus  fome  time  after  mterpreted  thcfe  perfons 
to  be  Saint  Wandragelil,  patron,  founder,  and  firft  inhabitant  of 
Fontanel  abbey  ;  bilhops  Wolfran  and  Ofbert,  patrons ;  all 
whole  bodies  lay  behind  the  high  altar  there :  the  others  were 
St.  Guthlac  and  St.  Neot,  both  patrons  of  Groyland,  and  the  per- 
fon  condemned  by  them  earl  Waltheof.  The  hand  of  St.  Wul- 
fran  was  with  him,  becaufe  the  bone  t  of  his  right  arni  was 
given  to  Ingidphus  by  the  whole  convent  as  a  perpetual  memorial. 
Being  invellcd  with  the  i^uftoral  llaff  by  the  king  at  London, 
and  admitted  and  blell  bv  Lanfranc  archbiQrop  of  Canterbury, 
and  the  bilhop  of  Lincoln,  he  was  inftalled  at  Croyland  on  the 
converfion  of  St.  Paul  1076.      He  found  there  62  monks,  in- 

*  There  is  a  place  called  Carvllle  clofe  to  St.  Vandrille,  in  De  Witt's  map  of  Nor-' 
mandy.  |  Os  cubit  ate. 

E   2  eluding 


^$  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES 

eluding  4  hiy  brethren,  befides  above  loo  monks  of  other  mo- 
naileries  comprofejji  with  their  own,  who  all,  when  they  came, 
h-^d  a  ftall  in  the  choir,  a  feat  in  the  refe«Story,  and  a  bed  in  the 
dormitory.  They  came  as  they  pleafed,  particularly  in  trou- 
blefome  times.  They  were  i  o  from  Thorney,  6  from  Peterbo- 
rough, 8  from  Ramfey,  3  from  Ely,  9  from  St.  Edmund's-bvuy, 
1 1  from  St.  Alban's,  i  o  from  Wertminiher,  2  from  St.  Andrew's, 
Northampton,  14  from  Chrift  Church,  Norwich,  i  5  from  Thet- 
ford,  7  from  Coventry,  6  from  St.  Mary  without  York,  10  from 
St.  Tvlary  Stowe,  6  from  Muchelney,  5  from  Malmefbury,  befides 
many  who  came  every  day,  and  fome  who  ftaid  always  with 
them ;  who,  feeing  the  fecurity  of  the  place  and  the  harmony  of 
the  brotherhood,  intreatcd  to  be  admitted  into  the  fociety;  the 
native  civility  of  the  place  from  the  earlieft  times  feldom  or  ever 
giving  any  one  a  repulfe. 

When  Ingulphus  came  to  Croyland,  his  firft  care  was  to  fettle 
its  affairs,  which  were  in  the  moft  confufed  and  ruinous  ftate. 
He  applied  himfelf  to  Asford  of  Helieftone,  baihif  to  his  prede- 
eeffor,  who  obftmately  refufed  to  give  him  fatisfadtion  ;  and  when 
by  promifes  he  was  prevailed  on  to  produce  his  accounts,  when 
he  came  to  Heliellone,  he  had  the  boldnefs  to  claim  that  place  as 
his  own  property.  But  being  confuted  in  this  by  the  feniors  of 
the  monaftery,  and  by  authentic  documents,  he  threatened  them 
vvith  a  iliit,  and  that  he  would  bring  the  matter  before  the  king's 
jufl'ices.  A  day  of  trial  was  appointed  at  Stamford,  to  which  In- 
gulphus went  :  but  as  his  antagonift  was  riding  thither,  his  horfe 
Itumbled  and  threv/  him,  and  broke  his  neck.  A  new  day  of 
trial  was  appointed;  but  as  they  were  carrying  him  to  be  buried 
according  to  l^is  own  appointment  at  Peterborough,  palling  on 
their  way  over  ten  acres  belonging  to  Croyland,  which  heclaim- 
ed  in  his  life,  a  fudden  darknefs  and  a  violent  rain  came  on;  and 
the  bier  being  broken,  the  corps  fell  out  into  the  dirt,  and  re- 
mained there  a  confiderable  time  :   an  evident  miracle  in  favour 

of 


OF      CROYLAND.  ABBEY.  29 

of  the  Croylanders,  who  not  only  recovered  their  right  in  this 
inftance,  but  held  their  property  in  other  inftances  more  fecurc- 
ly.  Richard  de  Rulos,  v/ho  married  the  daughter  of  Hugh  de 
Evermue  before-mentioned,  lord  of  Brunne  and  Depyng,  making 
a  large  inclofure  of  fen  and  other  lands,  did  not  prefume  to  do  it 
without  confent  of  this  monaftery,  to  which  he  gave  twenty 
marks  in  alms,  and  was  inroUed  in  their  martyrology.  He  in- 
clofed  from  St.  Guthlac's  chapel  eaft  to  Cardyke,  and  crofs  Car- 
dyke  to  Cleylake  beyond  Crammor,  keeping  out  the  Weland  by 
a  Itout  dyke,  and  building  thereon  many  tenements  and  cottages, 
with  gardens,  8cc.  and  thus  converting  the  marfli-land  into  arable 
and  pafture  ground,  and  the  aforefaid  chapel  into  a  parilh  church, 
made  a  large  town  In  a  fliort  time.  He  continued  a  Heady 
friend  to  this  abbey. 

The  affairs  of  the  monaftery  being  now  on  a  profperouG  foot- 
ing, Ingulphus  went  to  London  to  folicit  the  king  for  the  releafe 
of  Ulketul.  William's  perfonal  antipathy  to  him  had  ceafed, 
but  he  was  ftill  determined  againft  his  advancement  to  any  dignity 
in  the  church.  He  permitted  him  to  return  to  Peterborough, 
but  never  to  Croyland,  unlefs  Ingulphus  wanted  to  alk  him  any 
queftions  about  its  affairs.  In  return  for  the  kind  treatment 
fliewn  him  by  his  fuccefTor,  he  gave  them  the  chalice,  formerly 
belonging  to  his  chapel,  a  portiforium  according  to  the  ule  of 
that  church,  and  a  miffal,  a  lilver  cup  and  cover,  and  twelve 
fpoons,  promiling  more  as  foon  as  he  could  ipeak  to  his  fervants. 
Ingulphus  ufed  to  fend  for  him  twice  or  thrice  a  year,  and  keep 
him  fometimes  a  month,  fometimes  half  a  year,  treating  him 
with  all  due  refped;  both  in  the  choir  and  refectory  ;  and  befides 
the  information  he  gave  him  .of  the  ftate  of  thehoufe,  he  found 
things  went  on  much  better  during  the  ten  years  he  fpent  with 
him,  than  for  the  ten  years  after.  He  fui^vived  his  depofitioii; 
ten  years  ;  and  after  lying  fpeechlefs  and  helplefs  of  a  paralytic 
ilroke,  died  1085,  leaving  many  of  the  effe*5ts  of  this  monafte- 

rv 


30  THE    HISTORY    AND     ANTI  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 


:> 


ry  ill  the  hands  of  the  convent  at  Peterborough,  whom  he  had 
in  vain  foUcited  to  reftore  them  '^. 

On  the  alarm  of  a  Danllli  invafion  William  quartered  his  fol- 
diers  on  thofe  monafteries  which  held  their  lands  free  of  military 
fervice.  This  houfe  had  fix  foldiers  and  twenty-eight  archers  -f-. 
When  the  Domefday  furvey  Vvas  made,  higulphus,  at  no  fmall 
trouble  and  expence,  procured  a  tranfcript  from  it  of  the  pof- 
feiuons  of  this  abbey,  in  fome  articles  abridged,  in  others  en- 
larged;  of  which  a  copy  may  be  feen,  N""  XIII.  Ingulplius 
takes  care  to  inform  polterity,  that  as  tlie  Englifli,  when  they 
fell  under  the  Norman  dominion,  adopted  Frencli  manners  in 
many  refpeils,  they  ufed  the  term  league  inftead  of  niile^  at  the 
fame  time  retaining  the  meafure  of  the  latter;  and  that  the  fur- 
veyors,  in  marking  out  the  bounds  of  the  fite  of  the  abbey,  gave 
it  rather  over  meafure,  in  which  the  other  furveyors  of  the  neigh- 
bourhood and  the  king's  officers  acquiefced ;  and  it  was  entered  on 
the  records  accordingly.  The  monks  of  Peterborough,  proud 
of  their  importance,  and  becaule  many  prelates,  noblemen,  and 
others  had  chofen  to  be  buried  in  their  church,  had  attempted 
divers  encroachments  on  the  lands  of  this  abbey,  which  Ulketel 
had  connived  at,  but  Ingulphus  hoj)ed  to  get  the  better  of.  From 
the  time  of  the  firft  king  Ethelred,  their  founder,  Croyland  had 
been  quit  and  free  from  all  fecular  fervices;  and  in  the  town  J 
neither  vi/Jans,  bordars^  nor  Jocinen  are  mentioned,  becaufe  tliere 
were  no  inhabitants,  except  in  time  of  war,  when  they  fought 
refuge  there;  but  in  peace  rented  the  lands  of  the  abbey,  or  held 
them  in  fee. 

Ingulphus  carried  with  him  to  London  all  the  charters  and 
'Trants  to  his  abbev  from  the  time  of  the  foundation  to  the  laft 
Mercian  king,  which  were  all  written  in  Saxon  charadlers,  while 
the  fuccecding  ones  of  Edred,  their  re-founder,  and  his  fucceffors, 

*  Ing-  p.  73 — 79-  'h  Balijlarii,  \  \nfcdc  Croyl. 

were 


OF      C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D  .  A  B  B  E  V.  31 

were  duplicates  in  the  French  as  well  as  Latin  language.  And 
though  the  Normans  defpi fed  and  could  not  read  the  latter,  In- 
gulphus  gained  fo  much  favour  at  court,  that  he  obtained  a  full 
and  ample  confirmation  of  them  all,  particularly  Edred's  confirma- 
tion charter.  This  confirmation  by  the  conqueror  may  be  feen 
N°  XIV.  but  the  like  fuccefs  did  not  attend  his  follicitation  to  have 
Spalding  reftored.  Ivo  Tailbois's  intereft  prevailed  ;  and  higul- 
phvis  had  no  other  confolation  than  to  recommend  to  his  fnc- 
ceflbrs  to  plead  the  original  charter  of  Thorold,  whereby  that  cell 
was  firft  granted  to  Croyland.      See  this  infirument,  N°  XV. 

Ingulphus  carried  back  with  him  a  copy  of  the  laws  of  Edward 
the  ConfeflI)r,  which  the  Conqueror  had  confirmed,  and  which 
may  be  feen  in  his  hiitory,  p.  88 — 91,  and  of  the  decifion  of 
the  great  quertion  of  primacy  in  favor  of  the  archbifhop  of 
Canterbury,  p.  92,  93. 

The  winter  of  107  2  was  uncommonly  fevere.  When  the  pro- 
vifions  of  the  convent  began  to  fail,  and  the  ice  in  the  fens  pre- 
vented them  receiving  a  fupply,  the  prayers  of  the  abbot  obtained 
a  miraculous  recruit,  A  voice  was  heard  from  the  north  corner 
of  the  monastery,  and  two  great  facks  of  wheat,  Vv'ith  two  others 
of  the  finell:  flour,  were  fuddenly  feen  in  the  church-yard,  and 
proved  an  acceptable  fupply  to  their  necelfities. 

The  following  fummer  the  people  of  Holland  followed  the 
example  of  thofe  of  Depyng  by  inclbfing  and  improving  the  fens 
of  Multon,  Wefton,  and  Spalding ;  and  thofe  were  followed  by 
this  convent,  who  enclofed  their  part  of  Whaplode  *. 

It  was  not  however  long  before  thefe  inftances  of  good  fortune 
were  followed  by  a  flid  reverfe.  On  the  acceflion  of  William 
Rufus,   1087,   Ivo  Tailbois  availed  himfelf  of  his  intereil  with 

*  Cap^elad,. 

hinv 


0 


z  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTI  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 


iiim  to  renew  his  violences,  and  feized  on  all  the  lands  of  this 
abbey  within  his  demsfne,  viz.  at  Whaplode,  Spalding,  Pynch- 
bek,  and  Algare.  When  Ingulphus  found  the  interpontion  of 
Pvichard  de  Rulos  and  their  other  good  friends  had  no  efFed,  he 
went  to  London,  and  from  thence  to  Canterbury,  to  his  old  friend 
archbiihop  Lanfranc.  The  archbilhop  appointed  a  day  to  meet 
ham  in  London  with  his  charters,  which  Lanfranc  lliewed  to  the 
king  ;  and  the  flieriff  of  Lincoln  was  deljred  to  enquire  and  com- 
pel reftitution,  which  was  done.  Fulcard,  whom  Ivo  had  thruft 
into  the  church  of  Whaplode,  appealed  to  the  Pope  -•••■. 

We  are  now  come  to  the  moil  calamitous  event  that  befel  this 
houfe,  from  its  foundation  to  the  time  of  Ingulphus,  forelhewn 
by  fo  many  prodigies  and  vilions,  and  of  which  fo  many  public 
warnings  had  been  given  : — that  dreadful  fire,  1091,  which  fo 
cruelly  laid  wafte  the  habitations  of  the  fervants  of  God.  Our 
readers  will  not  be  difpleafed  to  have  the  affedting  narrative  of  it 
at  large  from  Ingulphus  himfelf. 

"  The  plumber  had  been  preparing  his  lead  for  repairs  on  the 
tower  of  the  church  a  whole  day,  when  he  went  to  fupper,  and 
fooliflily  left  his  embers  covered  up  for  the  next  day.  Supper 
being  ended,  and  all  the  fervants  retired  to  reft,  in  the  middle  of 
the  night  the  north  wind  riling,  blew  the  burning  embers 
through  the  lattices  upon  the  beams  that  were  neareft,  where  find- 
ing dry  fuel,  the  fire  foon  blazed  up,  and  caught  hold  of  the 
larger  beams.  The  towns-people  faw  a  great  light  in  the  fteeple 
a  long  time,  but  fuppofed  the  officers  of  the  church  or  the 
plumber  were  doing  fome  work  there:  at  length  feeing  the 
iiames  burft  out,  they  knocked  violently  at  the  doors  of  the  mo- 
naftery.      It  was  about  the  firll  watch  of  the  night  t,  when  we 

*  See  N"  XVI.  Algar's  grants  of  the  lands  in  quedion.  t  Ncclis  conlianium. 

3  were 


OF     CROY  LAND- ABBEY, 


33 


were  all  in  our  firft  and  foundeft  fleep.      Waked  bv  the  loud 
noife,  and  haftening  to  the  window,  I  faw  as  plainly  as  at  noon 
day  all  the  fervants  of  the  houfe  running  to  the  church.      I  im- 
mediately put  on  my  night-gown  *,  and  called    up  my  compa- 
nions, and  made  the  beft  of  my  way  into  the  cloy  Iter,  where  the 
light  blazed  like  looo  torches.      I  ran  to  the  church  door,  and 
attempting  to  get  in,  had  like  to  have  been  kdledt  by  the  melted 
bells  and  lead  ;  but  retreating,   and  feeing  the  flames  fpreading 
within  the  church,   I  ran  to  the  dormitory :   the  lead  dropping 
from  the  church  through  the  cloyfter  gave  me  a  grievous  wound 
on  the  flioulder;   and  I  muft  have  periflied  in  the  flames,  if  I 
had  not  prefently  efcaped  into  the  area  of  the  cloyfter.     There 
feeing  the  fire  from  the  tower   had  reached  the  nave,  and  was 
fpreading  towards  the  dormitory,    I  called   to  the  monks,   who 
were  fo  dead  afleep  that   I  could  hardly  awaken  them.      On  the 
alarm  of  fire,  and  hearing  my  voice,  they  fprung  out  of  the  win- 
dows in  their  night-gowns  or  half  naked,  and  many  were  griev- 
oufly  hurt  and  fiiook  by  the  fall.      The  flames  had  now  reached 
the  chapter-houfe,  the  dormitory,  the  refe6lory,  the  walk  by  the 
infirmary,  and  levelled  the  infirmary  itfelf,  with  all  its  offices. 
The  brethren  flocking  to  me  in  the  court,  and  feeing  many  of 
them  half  naked,  I  endeavoured  to  regain  my  apartment  to  pro- 
cure them  fome  cloaths  ;   but  fo  great  was  the  heat  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  hall,  and  the  melted  lead  dropped  fo  fall:,  that  the 
boldeft  and  youngeft  were  afraid  to  venture.     I  knew  not  at  this 
time  that  the  infirmary  waJdeftroyed,  and  was  going  round  by 
the  north  church-yard  to  the  eall  end  of  the  church,  when  I  faw 
the  infirmary  demoliflied,  and  the  oaks,  aflies,  and  willows  that 
grew  round  it  confumed  by  the  devouring  flames.     Returning 

*  NoiJurnalibus.  -f  Intercept  us, 

F  to 


34  THE    HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q_U  I  T  I  E  S 

to  the  well  fide  I  found  my  room  blazing  like  an  oven,  the  fire 
coming  out  at  all  the  windows,  and  going  on,  I  found  all  the  ad- 
joining buildings  to  the  fouth,  fuch  as  the  Grangers  and  converts 
halls,  and  every  other  that  was  covered  with  lead,  burning. 
This  difmal  fcene  drew  tears  from  my  eyes  ;  but  when  the  tawer 
of  the  church  fell  down  on  the  fouth  tranfept,  the  noife  of  it  had 
fuch  an  eifedl  on  me,  that  I  funk  motionlefs  on  the  ground,  and 
was  with  the  utraoft  difficulty  recovered  by  fome  of  the  brethren, 
who  carried  me  to  the  porter's  lodge.  When  day  appeared,  and  I 
was  a  little  come  to  myfelf,  I  found  the  brotherhood  Handing 
round  me  faint  and  drowned  in  tears,  and  fome  of  them  mifera- 
bly  bruifed  and  burnt.  They  performed  the  fervice  together  in 
the  hall  of  our  corrodiary  Grimketul,  and  as  foon  as  the  whole 
w^as  over,  we  took  a  furvey  of  the  monaftery,  which  was  Ihll 
burning  in  many  places,  and  then  I  firft  obferved  that  the  granary 
and  Ifable  were  deftroyed,  the  fire  ftill  preying  on  them,  and 
their  pofts  burnt  even  below  the  ground.  About  3  o'clock  the 
fire  abated,  and  we  got  into  the  church,  and  having  got  it  under 
fey  water,  we  found  all  the  fervice  books  reduced  to  aihes  in  the 
choir  ;  but  all  the  veftments,  reliques,  and  valuable  effedis  fafe  in 
the  veftry,  which  had  a  double  ftone  roof.  The  charter-room, 
though  it  had  a  vaulted  roof  of  ftone,  admitted  the  fire  through 
Its  windov/s,  which  were  of  wood,  and  by  the  exceflive  heat, 
though  the  prefiTes  were  uninjured,  all  our  manufcripts  were 
flirivelled  and  burnt  up;  our  beautiful  charters  written  in  capi- 
tals*, and  adorned  with  golden  crofies,  ancient  pi6lures,  and  beau- 
tiful letters,  all  deftroyed.  The  old  and  exquifite  grants  of  the 
Mercian  kings,  richly  embelliflied  with  paintings  of  gold,  but 
written  in  Saxon  characters,  were  all  confumed.      All   thefe>   to, 

'*-  Lileta  fiiblica, 

the 


OF     CROYLAND     ABBEY. 


B5 


the  amount  of  near  400,  were  in  one  night's  time  totally  de- 
ftroyed.      Luckily,  a  few  years  before  I  had  taken   out  feveral 
Saxon  deeds,   of  which   we   had  duplicates  and  triplicates,  and 
given  them  to  our  chanter  Fulmar  to  keep  in  the  cloiiler,  in  order 
to  teach  the   younger  monks  the  Saxon  characters,   which  had 
been   brought   into  difufe  by  the  Normans,  and  could  be   read 
only  by  a  few  of  the  elder  ones.      Thefe,  being  placed  in  the  cloi- 
fler,  in  an  old  prefs,  within  the  wall  of  the  church,  were  the  only 
things  that  efcaped.      Thefe  are  now  our  principal  records,  which 
were  before  laid  afide,    and  llighted,   as    written  in  a  barbarous 
charadter.      We  loft  our  whole  library,  confiding  of  upwards  of 
,300  original  volumes,  befides  more  than  400  lefTer  ones;  and 
that  beautiful  and  coftly  fphere  «-,   moft  curioufly  conftrudled  of 
different  metals,  according  to  the  different  planets.      Saturn  was 
of  copper,  Jupiter  of  gold.  Mars  of  iron,  the  fun  of  brafs  t,  Mer- 
cury of  amber:};,  Venus  of  tin,  and  the  moon  of  filver :   the  co- 
lures  and  all  the  figns  of  the  Zodiac  had  their  feveral  figures  and 
colours  varioufly  finifhed,  and   adorned  with  fuch  a  mixture  of 
precious  ftones  and  metals,  as  amufed  the  eye  while  it  informed 
the  mind  of  every  beholder.      Such  another  fphere  ||   was  not 
known  or  heard  of  in  England  ;   and  it  was  a  prefent  from  the 
king  of  France  to  Turketyl,  wdio  at  his  death  bequeathed  it  to 
the  common  library,  where  it  was  nov/  melted  and  deftroyed. 
Our  chapter-houfe  Vvas  entirely  deftroyed ;   our  dormitory-,   with 
all   the  beds  and  adjoining  room  §  ;  our   refedlory,  with  every 
thing  in  it  (except  a  few  ftone  cups  **,  and  the  horn  and  cruci- 
ble tt  of  king  Witlaf  t+,  which  were  kept  in  ftone  prelTes)  with 
\ 

'^  Pinax.  ■\- Aurkhalco.  ^     %  EleSfrinus.  \\  N^-fir. 

%  Do7no  7iecefariorum.  **  Ciphi  nurrei.  -^-f  Crucibdium, 

XX  See  p.  6. 

F  2  the 


36  THE    HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  1  E  S 

the  kitchen  adjoining,  and  the  hall  and  chamber  of  the  converts, 
with  all  their  furniture  ;  our  cellar  and  the  cafks  full  of  ale 
therein  ;  the  abbot's  hall  and  chamber,  and  the  whole  court  of 
the  monaftery,  which  my  predeceffors  had  adorned  with  fuch  a 
fnite  of  handfome  buildings,  were  all  deftroyed.  Wretched  me, 
who  lived  here  to  be  an  eye-witnefs  of  this  dreadful  fcene  !  No- 
thing efcaped  but  a  few  huts  of  corrodiaries,  and  fome  flieds  for 
cattle,  which  were  faved  by  their  diifance,  or  being  covered  with 
ftone.  Except  the  north  tranfept  of  the  church,  from  which  the 
wind  blew  the  flames  to  the  fouth,  all  the  buildings  of  the  mo- 
naftery that  were  leaded,  whether  of  ftoneor  wood,  our  records  and 
jewels,  our  books  and  furniture,  our  bells  and  fteeples,  our  habits 
and  provifions,  were,  under  my  unfortunate  adminiftration,  in 
one  moment  deftroyed.  Not  one  of  the  various  warnings  of 
this  event,  the  dying  charge  of  our  holy  father  Turketyl  to  take 
care  of  our  fire,  and  that  of  our  other  holy  father  Wulfran  to 
me  at  Fontanel,  to  take  efpecial  care  of  the  fire  of  the  three 
faints,  viz.  Guthlac,  Neot,  and  Waltheof,  w^ere  underftood  by  me 
till  now  too  late,  to  my  forrow,  which  I  muft  indulge,  as  the  beft 
atonement  for  my  fault  =•-." 

No  fooner  was  this  calamity  noifed  about,  than  the  neighbours 
'\ied  with  each  other  in  fending  relief.  Remigius,  bifliop  of 
Lincoln,  granted  40  days  indulgence  to  all  who  allifted,  and  fent 
himfelf  40  marcs  of  filver  ;  as  did  the  clergy  and  citizens  of  Lin- 
coln 100  ;  Richard  de  Rulos  10  marks  and  10  quarters  of  wheat, 
10  of  malt,  10  of  peafc,  and  10  of  beans.  Haco  de  Multon  12 
quarters  of  wheat,  and  20  fat  hogs.  Elfin  de  Pynchbek  100 
lliillings  of  filver,  and  10  hogs.  Ardnot  of  Spalding  6  quarters 
of  wheat,  1  oxen  t,  and  1 1  hogs:   and  among  innumerable  other 

*  Ing.  96 — 99.  \  Carcofia  hovina, 

benefits 


OF      CROYLAND- ABBEY. 


37 


benefits  muft  not  be  forgotten  the  benevolence  of  Juliana,  a  poor 
woman,  of  Wefton,  who  gave  a  large  quantity  of  wound  thread  ••■•■ 
to  few  the  monks  veftments.  Several  of  their  ellates  M'crc  alfo 
at  this  time  let  to  great  advantage.  By  thefe  helps  they  were 
enabled  to  fet  about  rebuilding  their  church,  by  putting  on  a 
temporary  rooft,  and  fupplying  the  lofs  of  their  bells  and  tower 
by  two  Jkillets\,  given  them  by  Fergus  a  brazier  at  Bofton. 
The  next  obje6t  was  to  tranflate  the  body  of  Waltheof,  which  lay 
in  the  chapter-houfe  open  and  expofed  to  the  weather.  Upon 
opening  the  tomb  the  body  was  found  entire  and  incorrupt,  and 
the  head  joined  to  it,  and  fomething  like  a  fcarlet  thread  round 
the  neck.  Ingulphus  looking  at  the  face,  immediately  recollected 
the  perfon  he  had  feen  in  his  dream  at  Fontenel ;  and  after  con- 
feffion  and  abfolution  of  the  whole  fociety,  crept  to  it,,  and  kilTed 
it,  and  handled  it,  and  declares  that  he  perceived  a  moft  fragrant 
fmell  ilTue  from  it.  He  gave  out  the  refponfe,  Ecce  odor  filii 
mei,  which  was  followed  by  the  whole  choir,  and  fliutting  up  the 
tomb,  conveyed  the  body  to  the  church,  where  it  was  depoiited  on 
the  fide  of  St.  Guthlac,  \mder  an  arch  of  ftone,  in  a  place  pre- 
pared for  that  purpofe.  Miracles  were  prefently  wrought  at  it; 
and  the  concourfe  of  people  flocking  to  fee  them,  proved  of  fignal 
benefit  to  the  convent  ||. 

Ingulphus  introduced  a  cuftom  peculiar  to  the  foreign  con- 
vents, which  he  calls  §  the  poor's  maunday,  every  day  after 
high  mafs  for  their  benefadtors.  The  almoner  had  leave  to  ga 
out  of  the  church  at  high  mafs,  immediately  after  confecration, 
to  the  gate  of  the  abbey,  and  bring  into  the  great  parlour-*,  before 
the  end  of  high  mafs,   three  ftrangers,   or  three  aged  poor,  or 

*  nium  retcrtum. 

•f-  Novnm  navim  ted:o  ecdefte  pro  vctujla  qiht  combii/lafuerai^ 
\Skelettas,         II  lng>  99 — 103«         %  Mandaium  fauperum.         ■'*  Loqiaiiorium. 

three 


38  THE    HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

three  lads,  to  reprefent  as  many  paralytics  in  the  town,  whether 
men  or  women,  and  there  walh  their  feet,  and  gave  them  viiSluals 
and  drink,  which  they  might  eat  there,  or  not,  as  they  liked  ;  and 
if  it  was  only  the  boys,  their  vidtuals  was  to  be  carried  to  the 
lick  whom  they  reprefented.  If  the  almoner  took  but  two  in- 
ftead  of  three,  he  was  to  live  on  bread  and  vt^ater  as  often  as  he 
did  fo ;  and  if  he  perfifted  in  fo  doing,  to  be  turned  out.  This 
cuftom  was  copied  by  other  Englilli  monaftenes. 

Several  of  the  convent's  fervants  came  and  offered  their  fervices 
for  life,  only  defiring  the  fpiritual  benefits  of  the  chapter.  The 
fergeantry  of  the  infirmary  was  given  to  Wlfin  Barbour,  who  took 
an  oath  of  obedience  and  fidelity  in  full  chapter.  His  duty,  then 
read  to  him,  was  to  lliave  the  whole  convent  in  their  turn,  unlefs  it 
flionld  happen  that  a  fenior  wanted  to  be  fliaved  before  a  junior  ; 
to  wait  on  the  monks  at  table  in  the  infirmary,  particularly  on 
the  fick,  whole  provifion  he  was  to  fetch  from  the  cellarer,  and 
be  always  ready  in  the  infirmary  at  their  call.  If  two  were  con- 
fined to  their  beds  by  licknefs,  he  was  to  attend  the  elder  of 
them  and  lie  with  him  ;  and  the  younger  was  to  be  attended  and 
flept  with  by  the  clerk  of  the  infirmary;  and  if  a  third,  by  the 
infirmary  cook;  and  thefe  three  fervants  to  be  refpciflively 
aflifting  to  each  other.  If  the  fick  party  had  received  extren^e 
un<ftion,  the  firft  night  the  ferjeant  of  the  infirmary  and  the  fer- 
jeant  cutter  of  the  ilioemaker  ■•■•'  were  to  fit  up  with  him  ;  the  fe- 
cond  night  the  clerk  of  the  infirmary  and  the  ferjeanr  fiioemaker; 
and  the  third  night  the  cook  of-the  infirmary  riul  the  flioe- 
maker's  wafliermant ;  and  fo  for  nine  nights  iucceflivtly  by  turn  : 
and  the  ferjeant  of  the  infirmary  was  to  have  for  his  trouI)le  of 
every  monk  that  died  a  tunic  or  four  fiiillings,  oi  fomething  of 

*  C'ljfor  dc  fartrina.  ■f  Lotaritis  defartr'ma. 

4  •  equal 


OF      CROYLAND- ABBEY.  39. 

€qnal  value,  which  he  mnft  fell  only  to  a  monk  of  the  fame 
houfe.  The  reil,  who  fat  up  with  the  deceafed.  were  to  have 
two-pence  out  of  his  effecfts,  which  were  all  to  be  fold  by  the 
prior  and  chamberlain,  and  the  money  given  to  the  poor,  for 
the  good  of  his  foul,  or  to  the  inferior  clerks,  to  fing  for  him. 
Every  fick  monk  might  ehoofe  one  of  his  brethren  to  attend  him, 
provided  the  infirmarer  •'•^  took  his  place  in  the  convent ;  and  the 
lerjeant  of  the  infirmary  might  affiif  the  prior  in  celebrating,  or 
the  clerk  of  the  infirmary  the  infirmarer,  or  any  other  fenior 
difpofed  to  celebrate  there,  if  not  othervvife  engaged  about  the 
fick,  for  which  he  was  to  have  an  allowance  as  one  of  the  abbot's 
fervants,  and  four  lliillings  a  year  for  his  pay.  If  the  whok  con- 
vent eat  in  the  refe61:ory,  and  none  were  fick,  the  faid  ferjeant 
was  not  to  go  to  his  dinner  before  the  bell  rang ;  but  if  the 
monks  for  their  own  joleafure  and  eafe,  or  becaufe  they  had  been, 
bledt,  chofe  to  eat  in  the  refe<5tory,  the  fervant  of  the  infirmary 
was  to  attend  them  till  all  their  i)rovifion  was  fet  on,  and  then 
retire  to  his  own  dinner ;  unlefs  wanted  by  the  prior  or  any  of 
the  feniors  who  might  be  fick ;  and  then  to  take  his  bread,  and 
the  fick  monks  were  to  give  him  a  fliare  |  of  their  provifion  ;  and 
fo  every  fucceeding  day  the  cook's  fervant  to  have  their  leavings; 
and  if  none,  then  the  almoner  was  to  find  him  provifion.  All 
thefe  fervants  were  flri^ftly  charged  not  to  let  any  feculars,  men, 
women,  or  children,  from  the  town  or  elfewhere,  into  the  infir- 
mary ;  nor  was  any  fecular  perfon  to  be  fiiaved  or  bled  there, 
without  fpecial  leave  from  the  abbot  or  prior,  Thefe  three  fer- 
vants were  to  lie  every  night  in  the  infirmary,  and  not  abfent  them- 
felves  w  ithout  exprefs  leave  from  the  prior.  The  fergeantry  § 
of  the  church  was  granted  to  Senian  de  Lak,  who  in  like  manner 

*  hfrmarius.  +  Pro  minutione.  X  Coinpanagium^  §  Scrjantia. 

engaged 


40  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTI  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

engaged  to  attend  there  day  and  night;  to  light  all  the  candles,  ex- 
cept round  the  high  altar,  and  ring  all  the  bells,  except  in  the  1 2 
leffons  at  high  mals,  vefpers,  matins,  and  at  obits  in  the  chapter- 
houfe,  at  v/hich  times  the  monks  ring  them;  to  lay  out  all  the 
vell"ments  forthe  high  altar,  and  its  minifters;  to  make  all  the  wax 
candles ;  to  help  the  lubfacrirt  in  baking  the  oblations  and  hofts 
for  the  convent ;  not  to  admit  women  of  fufpicious  charadter 
into  his  chamber  or  any  private  places;  nor  to  lie  out  without 
leave  of  the  prior  or  facrift,  and  appointing  one  of  our  fworn  fer- 
vants  in  his  ftead. 

The  fergeantry  of  the  refedlory  was  given  to  Harald  Gow^er,  and 
that  of  the  hofpital  -  to  Roller  Quater,  but  on  lefs  advantageous 
terms,  becaufe  they  had  not  been  fo  liberal  of  their  benefactions, 
and  they  were  accordingly  fworn  in.  All  thefe  fervants  were 
to  receive  their  daily  allowance,  abfent  or  prefent,  unlefs  their  ab- 
fence  w^as  on  their  own  affairs ;  and  if  then  without  the  prior's 
leave  they  forfeited  them ;  nor  could  any  go  out  with  a  monk 
without  the  prior's  leave  on  the  fame  penalty.  None  of  the 
fworn  t  fervants  could  go  out  without  leave,  except  the  fhoemaker 
and  buyer  of  the  provifions,  w'ho  muft  attend  the  market  weekly. 
All  thefe  fervants  were  made  anfwerable  every  year  for  the  veft- 
ments,  veffels,  cloths,  and  furniture  committed  to  their  care  ;  the 
ferjeant  of  the  church  to  the  facrift  for  the  veftments,  chalices, 
cups  ];,  lavatories,  lamps,  and  other  ornaments  and  furniture  of  the 
church;  the  fervants  of  the  infirmary  and  refecSlory  forthe  fdver 
and  other  veffels,  fpoons,  handled  cups  ||,  faltfellers,  table-cloths, 
towels,  &;c.  thofe  of  the  houfe  for  the  beds,  table-cloths,  cups, 
forms,  tables,  andftools  §;  the  cooks  of  the  infirmary  and  convent 
kitchen  for  all  the  brafs  veffels,  pots,  pitchers,  kettles,  plates**, 

*  Hofpltii. 

+  "jiiratui  in  parliamcnto:  fworn  in  full  chapter. 

Xl'b-.ala,  WOkbce.  ^-Trijiella,  **Pat£l.e. 

ftrainers, 


OF      CROY  LAND. ABBEY.  ^ 

flrainers*,  frying-pans-^-,  diflies,  plates +,  fpits,  bars,  mortars 
and  peft'es,  &:c.  It  was  exprcfsly  forbidden  to  lend  their  books 
to  any  diftance  without  the  abbot's  exprefs  leave  ;  both  the  leffer, 
which  were  unbound  ||,  and  the  larger,  which  were  bound  §  ; 
as  to  the  fmaller  books,  fuch  as  Pfalters,  Donatus,  Cato,  and  fucli 
like  poetical  pieces,  and  the  quatrains  for  finging  ••''*  for  boys  and 
the  monks'  relations,  they  alfo  were  not  to  be  lent  to  any  chanter 
or  keeper  of  an  almonry,  nor  to  any  body  for  a  day,  without  leave 
from  the  prior. 

The  following  additions  were  made  to  the  ftatutes  of  abbot 
Turketyl,  who  had  divided  the  fociety  into  three  claffes  :  that 
thofe  of  the  firft  clafs,  who  had  not  been  24  years  in  the  order, 
Ihould  not  difpofe  of  their  provifion  when  they  eat  it  within 
the  monaftery,  without  leave  from  the  prior  or  fome  prefident 
before  dinner  :  thofe  of  the  fecond  clafs,  who  had  been  from  the 
24th  to  the  40th  year  in  the  order,  might  do  this  without  leave, 
provided  not  all  in  one  day  ;  except  the  officers,  who,  by  reafon  of 
their  office,  fed  their  fervants  out  of  their  provifions ;  or  the  fa- 
criit,  the  mafter  of  the  works,  and  others,  who  found  their  own 
labourers,  though  they  were  of  the  firft  clafs  of  juniors  :  but  all 
the  fecond  clafs,  agreeable  to  Turketyl's  inftitution,  were  exempted 
from  the  little  chant,  epiftle,  gofpel,  martyrology,  and  colla- 
tion It  in  the  chapter-houfe  ;  and  the  courfe  of  taper-bearers  j;}; 
at  the  chanter's  table,  and  all  fuch  after  labour  of  the  choir  and 
cloifter  :  but  thofe  of  the  third  clafs,  from  40  years  and  upwards, 
were  exempted  from  prayers  before  matins,  prime,  and  vefpers, 
and  from  matins,  three  leffons,  except  on  the  grand  feftivals  of 

*  Craticula,  •\-  Frixoria.  J  Farapftdes^  ||  Sine  tabuUs, 

§  In  iabulis,  **  ^aterni  de  caniu.  '\-'\-  Collatia.  W  Ccroforarii. 

G  Eafter, 


4ft  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTI  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

Eafter,  Whitfunlide,  and  Chrirtmas,  nnlefson  a  feftival  of  high 
mafs  in  either  of  thofe  weeks,  when  the  whole  convent  ■-'•'-  were  to 
take  their  turns  of  officiating  in  their  copes  t.  Tliey  were  alfo  ex- 
empt from  reading  at  dinner,  and  performing  the  Sunday  Maun- 
days.  They  might  walk  round  the  infirmary  and  facrift's  gardens 
as  often  as  they  pleafedw'ithout leave  from  the  prior,  provided  only 
he  knew  where  they  were.  And  forafmuch  as  by  the  rules  of  the 
houfe  there  were  lights  burning  in  the  monk's  dormitory  every 
night  till  morning,  to  prevent  danger  higulphus  ordered  that  the 
facrirt  fliould  receive  the  yearly  penlion  of  40  lliillings  from  the 
vicar  of  Wellingborough  J,  ulually  paid  to  the  abbot,  to  find  all  the 
lights  requifite  both  in  the  cloyfter  and  dormitory,  viz.  in  winter,  from 
Bartholomewtide  to  Michaelmas,  three  lights  in  the  cloyfter  and  four 
in  the  dormitory,  i.  e.  two  in  the  dormitory,  two  in  the  neceffario- 
rum  domo  ;  but  the  light  in  the  chapter-houfe  was  to  be  lighted  be- 
fore the  fupper  bell  1|,  and  continue  burning  till  the  monks  went  to 
the  dormitory  at-ter  matins.  The  fame  n:iethod  from  the  feall: 
orthe  Purification  to  the  feftival  of  the  burial  §  of  St.  Guthlac. 
From  Michaelmas  to  the  feaft  of  the  Purification  all  thefe  lights 
"were  toije  lighted  before  the  monks  went  to  drink**  in  the  refec- 
tory, and  fo  to  remain  lighted  till  fun-rife  through  the  year,  ex- 
cept the  lamp  hanging  in  the  chapter-houfe,  which  was  to  be 
put  out  when  the  convent  retired  to  reft.  From  the  feaft  of  St. 
Guthlac  to  Bartholomewtide,  through  the  fummer,  at  fun-fet,  the 
facrift  or  fub-facrift  was  to  kindle  the  lights  in  the  dormitory,  fo 
that  no  fecular  need  go  into  it  at  night,  and  they  were  to  burn 
till  day  :  but  if  any  went  out,  the  facrift  was  condemned  to  bread 
and  water  next  day  ;  and  if  he  negledled  his  duty  he  was  to  fare 
the  fame  for  a  fortnight  on  the  fixth  holidays  tt  in  each  week  ; 

*  'Niji  feria  fuerit  expofiti&nis  in  hebdomada  Pafc.  Pcniec.  ^  natalis  Domini, 
-f  Ch-iUlariter  percipiuiit  ad  capam  dies  fuos.  |  Wedlongbure. 

\\Campana  coUatioius,  §  Depofitionis.  **  Adregularem  potationetn. 

-("f-  Sc\^;lisferiis. 

and 


OF      CROYLAND- ABBEY.  ^ 

and  for  the  3d  offence  to  be  turned  out,  and  be  dif(]ualified  for 
any  office  for  two  years  :  if  this  happened  by  the  negled;  of  his 
fervants,  they  were  to  lofe  their  corrodies  for  a  week,  and  fo  in 
proportion.  After  dinner  every  day  the  foul  of  the  founder 
Etheh-ed  was  to  be  abfolved  ;  and  the  monks  in  the  choir,  in  nie- 
mory  of  king  Witlaf,  by  whofe  horn  tliey  were  refrelhed,  were 
to  fay  at  the  grace  after  dinner  this  verfe,  Dijperfit.^  dedit  pauper i- 
buSf  ScC.  and  Cornu  ejus  exaltabitur  in  gloria.. 

The  old  adverfary  Tailbois,  prefuming  their  charters  were  all 
burnt,  again  difputed  their  title  to  their  lands  in  his  demeine,  and 
lummoned  them  to  Spalding.  Their  brother  and  proxy  higulj;hus 
appealed  to  the  king.  His  clerk,  after  carrying  home  the  re- 
cords, retvu'ned  to  Spalding  to  hear  how  Tailbois  would  proceed. 
In  his  way  home  three  of  Tailbois'  fervants  fet  on  him,  pulled  him 
off  his  horfe,  and  began  to  fearch  him  for  the  records;  but  not 
finding  them,  beat  and  wounded  him  forely.  Ingulphus  from 
this  time  carefully  hid  the  charters.  Within  a  fortnight  after 
Yvo  was  conviited  of  confpiring  againft  the  king,  and  outlawed  ••■■". 

Here  Ingulphus,  at  the  year  1089,  worn  out  with  frequent 
illnefs,  concludes  his  hiftory  of  this  iioufe,  whi.  h  he  compiled 
from  the  colle6lions  of  the  five  fempeds  and  the  life  of  Turketyl 
by  abbot  Egelric  II.  It  was  continued  by  Peter  de  Blois,  arch- 
deacon of  Bath  and  vice-chancellor  to  king  Henry  I.  at  the  defire 
of  Henry  de  Longchamp.  From  this  continuation,  printed  alfo 
by  Dr.  Gale  immediately  after  the  hiftory  by  Ingulphus,  we  fliall 
proceed  with  the  narration. 

After  Ingulphus  had  held  this  abbey  34  years,  including  the 
I  o  during  the  life  of  Ulketyl,  and  had  taken  every  ilep  for  re- 
building and  refurnifliing  it,  he  departed  this  life  16  cal.  Jan. 
TI09,  9  Hen.  I.  and  was  buried  in  the  chapterhoufe  t. 

*  Ing.  p.  10^ — 107.  ■\  Pet.  Blef.  Contin,  p.  112. 

G  2  His 


'4^  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTlQ^UITIES 

His  fucceflbr  was,  after  a  vacancy  of  three  months  and  a  few 
days,  Joffrid,  whom,  at  the  recommendation  of  his  firrt  coufin  Alan 
Croun,  fenefchal  of  the  palace,  Henry  fent  for  from  St.  Ebrulph's 
abbey  in  Normandy.      He  was  confecrated   by  Robert  biihop  of 
Lincohi.      He  fet  about  rebuilding   the   church  and  monaftery 
with  ftone.      For  this  purpofe  he  obtained  the  archbifliop  of  Can- 
terbury's indulgence  remitting  one  third  of  the  penance  enjoined 
on  any  who  would  contribute  to  this  good  work,  with  which  he 
difpatched  his  monks  all  over  England  and  Scotland  and  the  con- 
tinent, and  even  to  Norway,  andthey  fucceededin  their  commiffion 
beyond  expedlation.      Joffrid  fent  alfo  to  his  manor  of  Cotenham 
Gilbert,  one  of  his  monks,  a  do6lor  of  Divinity,  with  three  others, 
who  fettled  here,  from  Normandy,  who,  being  deep  verfed  in  phi- 
lofophy  and  other  primitive  fciences,  read  lectures  every  day  in  a 
barn  which  they  hired  at  Can)bridge,  and  in  two  years  had  fuch 
a  number  of  hearers,  that  neither  barn  nor  church  could  contain 
them.      They  therefore  feparated  to  different  places,  and  adoj)ting 
the  practice  of  the  univerfity  of  Orleans -••,  Odo  read  lectures  in 
grammar  in  the  morning  to  the  younger  fort ;   Terric  logic  to  the 
older  Ihidents  at  noon,   and  William  rhetoric  in  the  afternoon  ; 
while  Gilbert  preached  every  Sunday  in  different  churches  in 
French  and  Latin  againfl  the  Jews,  and  on  holiday  evenings  ex- 
plained the  Scriptures  to    the    learned  and    the   clergy.      This 
brought  no  fmall  revenue  to  their  convent,  and  fuch  an  improve- 
ment in  that  of  this  manor,  that  in  one  year  loo  marks  were  re- 
mitted from  it  towards  rebuilding  the  church.      The  abbot  him- 
felf  vifited  them,  and  preached  among  them ;  and  though  his  nu- 
merous hearers  underftood  neither  Latin  nor  French,  the  force  of 
his  fubje(5l  and  his  comely  perfon  excited  them  to  give  amply  to 

*  Aurdiancnfes, 

his 


OF       C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D  -  A  B  B  E  Y.  45. 

his  dellgn,  which  he  always  introduced  ;  not  to  mention  the  per- 
fons  he  brought  into  his  own  fociety,  that  at  Thorney,  and  others. 
He  fent  alio  to  his  manor  of  Wridthorp  by  Stamford  three  of 
his  monks,  Engliflimen,  Elfin,  Fregitl,  and  Harold,  of  whom  the 
firft  was  made  prior,  who  by  their  preaching  drew  copious  alms, 
and  to  whom  he  affigned  a  fixed  and  perpetual  reven^ie  there. 
To  his  manor  of  Wendlynburg  he  fent  for  the  fame  purpofe  two 
monks,  Walthv)f,  afterwards  abbot,  and  Lewin.  The  miracles 
wrought  at  the  tomb  of  Waltheof  contributed  not  a  little  to  the 
benefit  of  the  abbey,  efpecially  after  the  fudden  death  of  one  Au- 
din,  a  Norman,  monk  both  of  Croyland  and  St.  Alban's,  who 
made  a  jeft  on  thefe  miracles,  and  refledfed  on  their  author  ;  and 
a  vifion^  which  the  abbot  faw  the  night  after,  wherein  St.  Bar- 
tholomew, St.  Guthlac,  and  St.  Neotr,  ifood  by  the  martyr's  flirinc, 
and  the  apodle  taking  hold  of  his  head,  which  was  faftened  to 
his  body,  faid,  he  is  not  hsadlefs,  to  which  Guthlac,  ftanding  at  the 
feet,  replied,  he  is  our  companion-,  and  Neot,  completing  the 
verfe,  fubjoined,  he  is  now  a  king  •'•. 

The  fame  year,  1 1 1 1,  the  abbot  had  the  fat  isf ail  ion  to  fee  his 
own  brother  Robert  appointed  abbot  of  Thorney,  when  he  com- 
pleted the  church  begun  by  his  predecefTor  Walter,  and  fat  36 
years. 

In  1 1 13  JofFridfent  two  of  his  monks,  Benedift  and  Stephen-, 
to  his  manor  of  Beby,  where  they  fucceeded  by  their  preaching, 
and  confiderabiy  improved  this  manor,  with  thofe  of  Sutton  and 
Stapelton. 

On  the  feffival  of  St.  Perpetua  and  Felicitas,  the  abbot,  in  the 
prefence  of  a  great  concourfe  of  nobility  and  others,  laid  the  firft 
ilone  of  the  church  at  the  N.  E.  corner,  and  Ricliuid  de  \\\\\os^ 

*  Acephalos  non  eft— Nofter  comes  eft — Modo  rex  cf!. 

ihit 


4£  THE    HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  QV  I  T  I  E  S 

that  {launch  friend  to  the  houfe,  laid  the  eaflern  ftone,  and  on  it 
jTio.  for  the  workmen.  The  next  to  the  eaft  was  laid  by  Jeffrey 
Ridel,  knt.  with  i  o  marks  on  it ;  and  the  next  to  it,  to  the  eaft, 
by  his  wife  Geve,  who  offered  one  quarrier  in  Bernac  quarry  at 
her  own  expence  for  two  years.  Her  hufband's  fifter  Avice  laid  the 
next  with  the  like  offer.  Robert,  abbot  of  Thorney,  laid  the  S.  E. 
corner  ftone,  with  ^{"1  o.  for  the  workmen.  Alan  Croun,  who  was 
related  to  the  two  abbots,  placed  the  next  to  the  ealf,  and  on  it 
his  title  to  the  patronage  of  Frefton  church  ;  as  did  his  wife  Mu- 
riel the  next,  with  the  patronage  of  Tofts  ;  and  their  eldeft  fon 
Maurice  another,  with  that  of  Butterwyke  ;  and  their  daughter 
Maud  another,  with  that  of  Burton  in  Kefteven.  All  thefe  deeds 
Alan  publicly  delivered  to  the  abbot  to  build  a  cell  for  the  monks 
of  Croyland  in  whichever  of  thefe  churches  he  thought  pro])er. 
Robert  earl  of  Leicefter  laid  the  S.  E.  ftone,  in  com  capitis,  w  ith 
40  marks,  while  the  next  to  the  fouth  was  laid  by  baron  Walter 
de  Cantilupe  and  his  wife  Emicine,  with  o  marks  ;  and  the  next 
to  the  fouth  by  Sir  Alan  de  Fulbek,  with  100  ftnllings  ;.  the 
next  to  the  fouth  by  Theodore  de  Botheby,  knt.  and  near  him 
Lezeline  his  wife,  with  a  gift  of  lands ;  the  next  to  the  fouth  Tar- 
brand,  knight,  of  Spalding,  with  the  yearly  tithe  of  all  his  flieep. 
The  caLt  ftone,  incono capitis,  to  the  left  to  the  north  by  that  laid  by 
earl  Robert,  was  laid  by  Simon  earl  of  Northampton,  with  100 
marks;  the  two  next  N.E.  by  Ralph  de  Bernak,  and  Boas  his  wife, 
offering  two  quarriers  for  four  years;  the  next  N.  E.  by  Helpo, 
knight,  with  his  tithe  of  Kyrkeby ;  the  next  to  the  north  by  a 
knight  named  Simon,  and  his  wife  Gizlan,  with  riie  tithes  of 
Morton  and  Shapwick;  the  next  to  the  north  by  Sir  Reyner  de 
Bathe,  and  his  wife  Goda,  with  the  tithes  of  Houton  ai^l  Birton. 
All  thefe  pcrfons  contributed  as  above  to  the  ealt  ^front  of  the 
church. 

The 


OF      CROYLAND-  ABBEY.  0 

The  convent  belonging  to  the  abbot's  choir  laid  the  foundation 
of  the  north  wall  of  the  church  with  hewn  iione  after  the  abbot 
himfelf ;  as  did  thofe  of  the  prior's  choir  that  of  the  fouth  wall 
^fter  abbot  Robert.  The  foundation  of  the  firft  pillar  of  the 
north  wall  was  laid  by  Hudred,  prieft  of  Depyng,  and  104  of  his 
town's  people,  offering  one  day's  work  in  every  month  to  com- 
plete it;  that  of  the  fecond  pillar  by  the  jDrieft  and  60  of  the  peo- 
ple of  Telly ngton ;  of  the  third  by  Stanard  and  42  of  the  people  of 
Uffington,  on  the  fame  terms  :  that  of  the  firft  fouth  pillar  by 
Turgar  a  priefl,  two  deacons,  and  2,20  of  the  men  of  Grantham, 
with  10  marks;  that  of  the  fecond  by  Turkill  the  priefl,  and  the 
people  of  llocham,  with  20  quarters  of  wheat  and  as  many  of 
malt ;  that  of  the  third  by  Godfcall,  prieft  of  E-Outzby,  and  84 
of  his  people,  with  (>  marks,  2  quarriers  in  their  quarry,  and  car- 
riage of  Hone  to  the  (hip,  and  from  thence  to  two  baiardours,  to 
Terve  at  the  church. 

To  all  thefe  benefa^ftors  abbot  JofFrid,  when  he  had  finiftied  his 
difcourfe  which  he  addrelTed  to  them  while  the  ftones  were  lay- 
ing, gave  a  fliare  in  the  prayers  and  fervices  of  his  church,  and  in 
the  indulgences  before  mentioned,  and  after  pronouncing  his  blefT- 
ing  on  them,  invited  the  whole  company,  both  men  and  women,  to 
dinner.  The  two  abbots  and  near  400  monks  eat  in  the  refec- 
tory ;  the  two  earls  and  two  barons,  with  their  wives  and  fliite,  and 
all  the  gentry,  in  the  abbot's  hall :  the  fix  companies*,  who  reared 
the  fix  pillars,  with  their  wives,  in  the  cloifter,  and  the  populace 
in  the  court.  No  lefs  than  5000  perlbns  of  both  fexes  were  pre- 
fent  at  this  folemnity,  which  was  remarkably  favoured  by  the 
iinenefs  of  the  weather,  and  condutSted  with  the  utmoft  chear- 
fulnefs  and  decorum.  The  v.hole  convent  purfued  their  work 
with  unremitting  ardor,  under  the  direction  of  prior  Odo,  and. 

*  Cund,    This  fenfe  is  not  in  the  Gloffarics. 

Arnold,, 


4^  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES 

Arnold,  a  lay  brother  and  experienced  mafon  •'■•,  while  the  abbot 
went  to  London,  and  obtained  of  the  king  the  confirmation, 
N°  XVII.  in  which  he  vvas  not  a  little  affifted  by  the  king's  two 
uncles,  Theobald  count  of  Blois,  and  Stephen,  afterwards  king, 
who  had  fludied  under  him  at  Orleans  +. 

A  few  years  before  died  at  Evelham  abbey  the  hermit  Wlfin, 
formerly  monk  of  Croyland,  w^ho  renouncing  the  world  during 
the  difputes  for  the  crown  between  the  fons  of  Canute^  had  fliut 
himfelf  up  75  years  in  St.Kenelm's  chapel,  which  he  had  bought, 
and  left  behind  him  a  ilate  of  Evefliam-abbey,  from  whence 
Peter  de  Blois  extracSled  what  refpedled  the  manor  of  Badby, 
which  that  houfe  perilled  in  keeping,  notwithftanding  the  re- 
newed claim  of  the  abbey  of  Croyland,  and  Wlfin's  ftridl 
charge  that  it  fliould  be  reftored.  At  the  fame  time  Henry  I. 
confirmed  the  grant  of  the  manor  of  Spalding  to  the  monks  of 
Anjou.  The  following;  year  Yvo  Tailbois  died  of  a  paralytic 
Jh^oke,  and  was  buried  in  Spalding  priory  ;  and  within  a  month 
after  his  deceafe  his  wife  married  Roger  de  Romara. 

Alan  de  Cremi  in  his  laft  moments  gave  the  abbey  of  Croy- 
land a  grand  of  the  feven  churches  of  Butterwick,  Toft,  Warne- 
burne,  Stonefby,  Claxby,  Burton,  and  Frefton,  to  build  a  cell 
in  the  latter. 

A.  D.  T107  Henry  I.  gave  up  his  claim  of  invefliture  to 
churches,  and  promifed  to  leave  the  filling  up  of  bilhoprics  and 
abbies  to  themfelves.  The  abbot  founded  an  unlimited  Maundy 
on  the  laft  day  of  May,  allotting  the  tithes  of  Merborne  for  the 
bread,  and  thofe  of  Elmington  for  the  money.  In  1 1 14  he  ap- 
pointed a  flagellation  of  the  abbot  and  monks  onEafter-day  I  in  the 
chapter-houle  §. 

*  Cement. ir'uc  artis fcientifftmo  magtjlro.      \ Pet.  Blef.  p.  1 1 2 — 1 21.       \  Farafceve. 
§  Pet.  Blcf.  p.  1 12 — 129. 

4  This 


OF      CROYLAND      ABBEY. 


49 


This  year  happened  fo  violent  an  earthquake  in  Italy  and  Eng- 
land, that  the  new  work  of  the  church  at  Groyland,  on  which  the 
roof*  had  not  been  laid,  gave  way,  and  the  fouth  wall  cracked 
in  lb  many  places,  that  the  carpenters  were  obliged  to  fhore  it  up 
with  timbers  till  the  roof  was  raifed. 

A.  D.  1 1 1  8,  died  queen  Maud,  the  efpecial  patronefs  of  abbot 
Joffrid  and  this  houfe.  Her  death  was  followed  by  difputes 
between  the  kings  of  France  and  England ;  the  former  having 
infulted  Theobald  earl  of  Blois,  the  latter  fent  Gilbert  abbot  of 
Weilminiler  and  the  abbot  of  Groyland  to  the  earl,  to  defire  to 
Ipeak  with  him.  He  accordingly  refolved  to  come,  and  both  ab^ 
bots  returned  with  great  fatisfadtion  to  their  refpetflive  monafte- 
ries,  but  without  a  farthing  in  their  pockets  of  the  great  fums  of 
money  they  had  taken  out  with  them  t. 

•'•V'"'  Here  Peter  de  Blois  breaks  off,  his  MS.  being  imperfecl. 
The  hitliory  of  the  monaftery  was  refumed  by  another  writer, 
from  the  reign  of  Stephen  1 1 5  2  ;  but  this  too  is  imperfe<5t  at  the 
beginning,    as   publiflied  by  Mr.  Gale    in    the    fame    volume, 

Abbot  Joffrid  died  11  24+,  and  was  fucceeded  by  U^aldeve,  a 
monk  of  this  houfe,  and  brother  of  Gofpatric  a  nobleman  §.  He 
tranflated  hither  the  reliques  of  St.  Guthlac,  i  Steph.  1136.  A 
very  rich  flirine  of  wood,  adorned  with  plates  of  gold  and 
filver  and  precious  ftones,  was  made  at  the  e:>pence  of  Robert 
de  Grandineto,  a  wealthy  and  religious  man.  After  this  abbot 
had  governed  1 2  years,  he  was  depofed,  and  fncceeded  by  Jefreyy 
prior  of  St.  Alban's  1 138  ||.  He  governed  four  years,  and  dying 
1 142,  had  for  fucceflbr  Edward,  monk  and  prior  of  Ramfey  ■•'•••■ ; 
at  whofe  requeit  Stephen  gave  to  this  houfe  the  charter  N"  XVII. 

*  Opus  rccens  & Jine  conjlabilierte  nave  tcneram^   Pet.  Blef.  p.  129. 

fPet.Blef. p.  129,130.  +  WilltsMit.  Ab.  I.  77.  §  Ibid.  ||  Decern 

Script,  p.  264.  **  Willis.  lb.  Hill.  Croyl.  Contin.  451. 

H  This 


fo  THE    HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

This  abbot  gave  many  confidcrable  ornaments  and  books  and 
lands  to  it.      But  in  his  time  the  church,  with   tiie  offices,   Sec. 
was  a  fecond  time  delhoyed  by  fire.      He  however  ahiioll  imme- 
diately rebuilt  the  greateft  part  in  a  magnificent  manner;   and 
after  prefiding  30  years  died  i  170,  and  Vvas  iucceeded  by  Robert 
de  Reclinges,  prior  of  Lcmpitcr,  on  the  appointment  of  Henry  If. 
This  abbot  completed  the  church  ami  the  front  of  St.  Guthlac's 
flirine,  and  obtained  from  Henry  II.  the  charter  N°  XVIII.      He 
had  a  warm  controverfy  with   the  prior  of  Spalding  and  the  peo- 
ple of  Holland,  who  invaded  the  precinil  of  Croyland  with  an 
armed  force,  while  the  king  was  engaged  in  his  French  wars,  and 
reported  to  be  dead.      They  held  their  meetings  in  the  prior  of 
Spalding's  barn  at  Wefton  and  in  Holbeach  church;   and  when 
the  abbot  of  Croyland,  as  uilial  about  Rogation  time,  fhiit  up  his 
marfh,  they  refuled  to  withdravv^  their  cattle,  and  fent  more  in. 
Thefe  the  abbot  of  Groyland's  fervants  pounded*;   upon  which 
3000  Hollanders  came  armed  into  the  marfli,  and  w^ere  met  by 
the  abbot  with  a  few  of  his  people  at  Afendyke,  the  boundary  of 
Croyland  fenn.     Though  he  prevented  them  from  offering  any 
violence  to  the  abbey,  they  divided  the  fenns  among  the  feveral 
villages,  dug  up  the  peat,  cut  down  the  alder  groves,  and  com- 
mitted much  wafle  for  a   fortnight.      The  abbot  complained  to 
the  nearefl  of  the  king's  jufhces,   Galfrid  Fitz  Piers  at  Clive  in 
Northamptonfliire,  who  fent  fix  fervants  to  view  the  premifes. 
They  found  the  various  troops  of  invaders,  who  all  pleaded  the 
authority  of  their  feveral  lords.      The  abbot  hatlened  to  London, 
and  lodged  a  complaint  before  Hubert  Walter  and  the  relf  of  the 
lord  juffices,  who  directed  the  atbrelaid  Galfrid  Fitz  Piers  to  fum- 
mon  the  prior  of  Spalding  and  the  Hollanders ;  upon  which  they 

*  Jmparcaveritnt, 

burnt 


OF      CROYLAND-ABBEY. 


51 


burnt  their  cabins,  and  went  home.  The  abbot's  people  charged 
7  of  the  principal  ringleaders,  each,  with  damages  to  the  amount 
of  200  marks,  and  they  with  others  were  committed  to  prifon, 
and  a  day  appointed  for  trial.  Mean  time  Henry  II.  died,  and 
new  julticcs  were  appointed,  the  chief  of  whom  was  Hugh  bilhop 
of  Durham.  Several  of  the  offenders  made  their  fubmilTions, 
and  were  fined.  The  reft  demanded  a  fecond  trial,  when  the 
prior  of  Spalding  engaged  to  prove  his  right  to  the  fenn.  The 
abbot  of  Groyland  not  having  his  proofs  at  hand,  bound  himfelf 
in  a  recognizance  to  produce  them,  and  fome  knights  of  other 
comities  were  appointed  to  enquire  into  the  matter.  Thcfe  re- 
turned the  different  claims  of  the  abbot  of  Groyland  and  the  Hol- 
landers ;  and  that  the  latter  would  not  fay  whether  they  would 
warrant  the  outrages  out  of  Munechlade,  becaufe  the  king's  jufhces 
had  record  thereof  in  their  brief.  The  abbot  therefore  fet  out 
to  attend  the  trial,  but  died  on  the  road,  at  his  manor  of  Goten- 
ham.  The  abbey  was  efcheated  into  the  king's  hand,  and  fo  the 
ilorm  was  fufpended  ". 

In  the  mean  time  William  Longchamp,  bifliop  of  Ely  and 
chancellor,  wrote  to  Richard  1.  in  Normandy,  1 191,  for  leave  to 
appoint  a  new  abbot,  and  accordingly  appointed  his  brother 
Henry,  monk  of  Evefliam.  While  William  was  chancellor  the 
men  of  Spalding  declined  profecuting  their  claim  ;  but  no  fooner 
was  he  driven  out  of  the  kingdom  by  a  faction,  than  they  renewed 
their  attacks  under  the  abbot  of  Anjou,  the  prior  of  Spalding  be- 
ing now  depofed.  Abbot  Henry,  fearing  he  might  be  furprized 
or  murdered  by  them,  excufed  himfelf  from  ai)pearing  by  illnefs. 
Four  knights  were  named  to  vifit  him;  but  he  thinking  they 
would  not  cqme,  took  boat  the  night  before  at  the  abbey  door  -j-, 

•  Hift.  Croyl.  Coniin.  p.  452 — 456.  ~\-  In  Jama's  Croylandia?.      ; 

H  2  and 


5*  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES 

and  made  the  beft  of  his  way  to  his  manor  in  Cambridgefhire, 
Only  one  of  the  knights  came,  who  not  finding  his  companions 
there,  would  not  fee  the  abbot  by  himfelf.  So  a  day  of  hearing 
was  appointed.  The  abbot  haftened  to  London,  where  he 
found  all  the  principal  men  againlf  him,  and  the  abbot  of  Anjou 
and  William  de  Romar  labouring  to  prove  Cioyland  a  cell  to 
Spalding,  in  the  fee  of  the  latter.  The  abbot  of  Croyland  ap- 
peared in  the  exchequer  with  only  three  monks  and  two  inconli- 
derable  knights  *,  the  reft  being  afraid.  Wdliani  de  Romar's  fe- 
nefchal  inade  a  long  and  laboured  harangue,  and  the  abbot's  ad- 
vocate could  hardly  be  heard  for  the  noife  :  he  anfwered  how- 
ever in  brief,  that  the  marlh  where  the  abbey  flood  was  held  of 
the  crown,  and  that  he  had  peaceable  poflefiion  of  it  when 
the  king  went  to  the  Holy  Land.  At  length  the  abbot  pro- 
duced the  grant  in  which  the  boundaries  of  the  fenns  were  fpe- 
cified  ;  and  another  exempting  the  abbot  from  all  pleas,  except 
before  the  king  in  perlbn,  which  was  read  laft.  For  when  he 
produced  the  charter  of  Richard,  earl  John  faid  his  brother's  chan- 
cellor had  framed  this  at  his  own  pleafure  :  but  when  he  heard 
his  father's  charter  he  was  afliamedj  and  the  adverfaries  of  Croy- 
land had  nothing  to  reply.  One  of  the  juftices  then  aiked  if  the 
knights  who  had  feen  the  abbot  w^ere  there :  they  were  pro- 
duced, and  found  not  to  be  knights  nor  holders  by  military  te- 
nure. Nothing  however  that  the  abbot  could  alledge  againft 
their  competency  was  admitted,  and  another  day  of  hearing  was 
fixed.  Judgement  was  afterwards  given  againft  the  abbot  of 
Croyland  for  not  being  at  home  when  he  alledged  he  was 
ill  in  bed  :  he  was  therefore  fentenced  to  lofe  the  feifin,  i.  e.  the 
pofleffion,  but  not  the  right,  i.  e.  the  property.     The  oppofite 

*  Mediocres. 

party 


OF     CROYLAND-ABBEY.  55 

party  accordingly  took  pofTeflion  by  the  (lierifF  of  Lincolnfliire 
of  the  whole  marfli  of  Croyland  below  Mnnechelade,  which  they 
had  never  claimed,  and  without  and  beyond  Croyland  2  leagues 
to  Namaniland,  leaving  the  abbot  in  poiTcihon  of  only  the  finall 
alder  grove  round  the  abbey,  and  carrying  off  the  gibbet  on  which 
had  been  hanged  certain  thieves  taken  in  the  town  ijf  Croyland, 
by  fentence  of  the  abbot's  court,  fet  it  up  on  the  other  fide  Spal- 
ding, to  the  perpetual  reproach  of  Croyland. 

No  fooner  was  it  known  that  king  Richard  wzs  priibner  in 
Germany,  than  the  al;bot  of  Croyland  fet  out  in  the  middle  of 
winter  for  that  country,  and  found  the  king  at  Spires  a  fortnight 
before  his  releafe.  He  complained  of  the  injultice  done  him,  and 
fliewed  him  his  father's  charter,  which  Richard  confirmed  on  the 
fecond  day  after  his  releal'c,  and  wrote  to  Hubert  archbiiliop  of 
Canterbm'y  to  put  him  in  pofTcffion  of  the  marfli,  agreeable  to 
his  father's  charter,  and  as  he  had  at  the  time  he  fet  out  for  Ger- 
many. The  abbot  was  accordingly  reinltated,  and  held  it  quietly 
all  that  year  and  the  next.  The  abbot  of  Anjou  obtained  letters 
of  revocation,  and  the  abbot  of  Croyland  was  again  fummoned 
to  appear,  which  he  did,  and  immediateJy  went  again  to  the  king 
in  Normandy.  He  found  him  fo  intent  on  preparing  for  war 
with  the  king  of  France,  that  he  declined  his  application  till  the 
bifliopofEly,  who  was  chancellor,  and  was  going  on  a  com- 
mifhon  to  the  emperor,  introduced  him  to  the  king,  who  bid  him 
follow  him.  After  much  follicitation,  and  promifing  to  pay  the 
2,0  marks  which  his  adverfaries  had  offered,  the  king  gave  him 
letters  of  reftitution  to  the  archbiiliop,  who,  after  repeated  de- 
lays, at  laft,  in  1194,   comi^letely  reinffated  him.  > 

The  next  year  the  urgency  of  the  king's  ranfom  obliged  the 
abbot  to  fell  the  greatelt  pact^jf  the  alder  wood,  which  he  had 
nearly  completed    the  preceding  year.    The  fame   year,  being 

the 


54.  T  II  E    H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    AND    ANT  I.QJJ  I  T  I  E  S 

the  fixth  from  the  firft  tranflation  of  St.  Guthlac,  he  was  agaia 
tranllated  to  greater  height  *,  and  the  flirme  decorated  in  a  man- 
ner more  becoming  the  fubjei^.  On  the  5th  cal.  of  May,  being 
Sunday,  after  matins,  the  convent  affifting  and  finging,  and  many 
others,  the  flirine  was  removed  to  another  place,  and  the  body  of 
the  holy  man  placed  in  a  coffin,  marked  with  iron  and  lead  in  fix 
places,  on  the  new  altar  which  was  railed  on  fteps.  On  the  Mon- 
day lollowing  the  workmen  began  to  dig  down  the  old  altar  and 
rebuild  it.  It  was  finilhed  on  St.  Philip  and  St.  James's  day  ;  and 
the  marblers  t  worked  hard  to  complete  the  marble  caling  |,  flabs 
and  pillars  ;  and  as  foon  as  this  was  done,  the  body  was  placed 
thereon  on  a  Thurfday. 

The  convent  had  now  enjoyed  quiet  polTeflion  of  their  fenn 
nine  years,  w^hen,  in  1199,  John  fucceeded  his  brother  king 
Richard,  the  difpute  was  revived,  and  the  king  declared  in  fa- 
vour of  the  people  of  Spalding,  and  a  new  hearing  was  appointed. 
The  abbot  of  Croyland  applied  to  his  friends  the  archbilhop  of 
Canterbury  and  billiop  of  Ely,  who  wrote  to  the  flieriff  in  his  fa- 
vour. After  many  delays  the  abbot  went  to  the  king  in  Nor- 
mandy, as  did  Godfrey,  a  monk  of  Spalding.  The  king  diretSled 
his  letters  to  William  Fitz  Piers,  carlof  ElTex,  chief  juftice  of  Eng- 
land, to  hear  the  caufe,  and  the  abbot  of  Croyland.  Tbe  abbot 
attended  at  Weftminilcr,  and  produced  a  letter  from  the  arch- 
bilhop of  Canterbury,  ftating  the  warrant  of  the  late  king  to  the 
abbot  making  default,  which  being  read  in  court  the  judges  were 
of  opinion  it  Ihould  be  referred  to  the  chief  jnftice,  who  favouring 
the  men  of  Spalding,  referred  the  whole  back  to  the  king.  The 
convent  and  abbot  feiit  again  their  meffengers  to.  the  king  at 
Rouen,  who  with  his  council  were  of  opinion,  that  as  he  would 

jdJ  I! , 

*  Ad  anipliore7iifubUmationenu  f  Marmorariu  %  Tabulatus. 

\vifli 


OF      CROY  LAND-ABBEY. 


55 


wifli  his  ov.'ii  warrantry  to  ftand,  fo  he  fliould  confirm  that  of  his 
IDredeceffor.  Accordingly  he  told  the  abbot's  meifenger,  that  if 
he  would  undertake  to  pay  the  loo  marks,  ne  would  confirm  the 
fenn  ;   which  he  did  by  the  charter  N°  XIX.  i  202  -•'". 

In  1202  a  dilpute  arofe  about  another  fenn  between  the  ab- 
bots of  Croyland  and  Peterborough,  which  was  at  lad  fettled  to 
the  prejudice  of  the  former,  1 206 1.      See  Appendix,  N°  XXI. 

In  I  2  16,  before  it  was  known  that  king  John  was  dead,  fome 
foldiers  whom  he  had  fent  in  purfuit  of  fome  of  his  enemies 
came  to  Croyland,  entered  the  monaftery  and  church  in  fervice 
time,  and  carried  off  a  great  number  of  beafts  and  horfes. 

The  abbot  was  invited  to  the  tranllation  of  St.  Thomas  Beckct 
by  archbifliop  Stephen,  1220,  but  not  being  able  to  ailift  at  it, 
fent  a  life  of  the  martyr  drawn  up  by  a  monk  of  Croyland,  in 
which  were  inferted  all  the  letters  written  by  or  to  him. 

At  the  abbot's  requell:  Henry  IIL  confirmed  all  the  liberties  of 
the  abbey  by  charter  N""  XXII.  1220. 

In  1226  the  abbot  fued  Hugh  Wake,  lord  of  Depyng,  about 
fome  inclofures  in  Goggeilond  fenn,  which  was  adjuited  in  fa- 
vour of  the  abbot ;  Hugh  to  have  right  of  common  there  :  (fee 
N°  XXIII.)  and  he  confirmed  the  charters  of  his  grandfather  Balel- 
win  concerning  the  fenn.  It  was  at  the  fame  time  finally  agreed 
between  the  abbot  of  Croyland  and  prior  of  Spalding,  that  they 
fhould  not  impound  each  other's  cattle  in  the  fenns  of  Croyland, 
Depyng,  Spalding,  Pynchbek,  Langtoft,  and  Bafton, 

After  Henry  de  Longchamp  had  governed  this  houfe  46  years 
with  great  fteadinefs  and  trouble,  he  departed  this  life  i  236,  leav- 
ing to  his  church  many  valua]:)le  veiTels,  veftments,  and  other 
eti'ects,  and  having  finiQied  and  rebuilt  all  the  buildings,  both 
within  the  abbey  and  on  the  feveral  manors  ]:. 

*  Hift.  Croyl.  Contin.  p.  456 — 472.  +  lb.  p.  472. 

I  lb.  437 — 477.     See  alio  Mados's  Hift.  of  ihe  Excheq.  p.  279, 

H  4  HeiuT 


56  THE    HISTORY    AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

FJc  nry  III.  appointed  to  facceed  him  Richard  Bardeney^  cellarer 
of  re  houfe,  who  alfo  encountered  many  perple::ti1:ies  for  it,  but 
happily  fnrmountedthem  all.  In  his  tim^  was  granted  to  William 
de  Albini  right  of  common  in  the  fenns  of  Croyland,  Spalding, 
Pynchbek,  Langtoft,  and  Ballon,  for  his  tenants  in  Uflington,  Gal- 
wic,  and  Talyngton.  He  alfo  fued  the  abbot  of  Peterborough  for 
relufinghim  toll?,  and  right  of  Hopping  perfons  at  Croyland  bridge 
at  his  fair  time,  which  was  determined  againft  the  abbot  of  Peter- 
borough "■*■'.  Notwithilanding  his  manifold  perplexities,  abbot 
Bichard  enclofed  and  cultivated  Afwyk  fennt,  and  began  that  of 
Dovefdale,  which  his  fuccelTbr  completed;  and  he  affigned  lOo 
fliillings  a  year  out  of  the  fee  of  his  church  at  Whaplode,  to  find 
a  light  for  ever  before  the  altar  of  the  Virgin  Mary.  He  affigned 
the  revenues  of  all  the  officers ;  and  at  his  death,  which  hap- 
pened in  the  loth  year  of  his  government,  left  the  manors 
greatly  improved  J. 

He  was  fucceeded  by  'Thomas  U'^ells,  general  and  fub-prior  of 
the  fame  houfe,  who  belides  improving  the  rents  of  the  offices, 
fettled  on  the  convent  the  new  tilled  land  of  Dovefdale,  wdth  all 
bridges,  and  the  fifliery  on  the  bank,  and  30  acres  of  meadow 
weft  of  it,  in  §,  near  Redeclos-dyke,  and  garments  to 

be  annually  diftributed  by  the  pitancer,  together  with  the  tithe 
of  vv'ool  of  all  the  parifliioners  of  Croyland  within  the  precincft 
and  marflies. 

In  a  journey  of  bufinefs  to  Rome  he  wa^  made  prifoner  by  the 
J^ombards,  and  detained  fome  time.  At  length,  after  governing 
7  years,  he  was  tranflated  to  his  reward  in  heaven,  1253. 
Many  lick  perfons  were  reftored  to  health  at  his  tomb,  and  on  re- 
moving his  body  to  the  laft  arch  in  the  north  tranfept  two  years 

*  See  Gunron's  Hift,  of  Peterborough,  p.  307.  -f-  Ncvalc. 

•J:  Hill.  Cioyl.  Contin.  p.  407 — 479.  §  Dracca, 

after, 


-y  .-*:(»«. 


OF     CROYLAND- ABBEY.  57 

after,  his  Ikin  was  found  perfedly  firm,  and  a  fmell  uncommonly 
fweet  ifllied  from  it.  One  of  the  alhftants  prefumptuoufly  tore 
off  the  httle  finger  of  his  right  hand,  for  which  he  fuffered  pre- 
mature death  -'••. 

His  fucceffor  was  Ralph  Merjke^  monk  of  the  houfe ;  who  at 
great  expence,  and  after  long  fuits  at  law,  gained  the  manor  of 
Gedney  and  the  church  of  Whaplode  t  for  his  own  ufe,  together 
with  the  advowfon  of  Eafton  church.  He  alfo  obtained  of  Henry 
III.  markets  and  fairs  in  Whaplode  X^  Barton  §,  and  Croyland ;  free 
warren  in  his  manors  of  Croyland,  Langtoft,  Bafton,  Thetford  If, 
Burthorp,  Bukenhale,  Halington,  Dovedyke.  Whaplode,  Holbech, 
and  Afdyke -'••*.  Notwithftanding  this  monaftery  was  like  a  fliip 
toflTed  in  furious  fi:orms,  it  could  not  be  overfet  fo  long  as  fuch  a 
fkilful  pilot  fat  at  the  helm.  He  built  the  tower  of  the  church 
beyond  the  choir,  with  the  chapel  of  St.  Martin  by  the  almonry 
gate.  After  he  had  leen  many  heavy  oppreifions  and  grievous  ex- 
adtions  from  the  crown  on  his  church  26  years,  he  died  on  Mi- 
chaelmas day,  1281  If. 

He  was  fucceeded  by  Richard  Croyland^  monk  here,  and  native 
of  the  town,  who  began  to  rebuild  the  eaft  end  of  the  church  at 
great  expence,  with  a  beauty  and  elegance  fuperior  to  all  the 
churches  of  the  province.  He  alfo  laid  out  great  fums  on  the 
manor  of  Depyng,  and  built  the  manor-houfesat  Langtoft,  Wend- 

*  Hift.  Croyl.  Contin.  p.  479,  4S0. 

f  Fin.  1 1.  M,  111.  m.  9.  Plac.  ap.  Wcflm.  14  H.  III.  rot.  7. 

J  Cart.  39.  H.III.  m.  3. 

§  Cart.  41.  H.  III.  ni.  i. 

II  In  Cambridgefhire.  Bifhop  Tanner  fuppofed  it  ihould  be  read  S/fford,  the 
record  35  Ed.  I.  having  Thefurd.  Then  follows  Buchorp,  Quaplodc,  Holebeche, 
Doneditch,  Buchwall,  and  Halenton  [C.  Line] 

*•*  Cart.  37  H.  III.  m.  i.  Pat.  28  Ed.  I.  m.  [bis]  Pat.  31  Ed.  I.  m.  i.  Cart. 
35  Ed.  I.  n.  4. 

-f-j-  Hift.  Croyl.  Contin.  p.  480,  481.  [8  Ed.  I.  1 280.]  The  abbot  of  Croyland 
held  of  the  honor  of  Richmond  in  Holbech  in  frank  almoigne  66  acres  of  land  worth 
66  (hillings  a  year.     Appendix  to  Gale's  Regiftrum  de  Richmond,  p.  32. 

I  lyngburgh, 


$8  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES 

lyngburgh,  and  Morburn,  and  many  offices  in  every  other  manor. 
In  his  time  arofe  frequent  difputes  betwen  the  lord  of  Depyng 
,and  the  men  of  Keiieven  on  one  hand,  and  the  abbot  of  Croy- 
land,  prior  of  Spalding,  and  men  of  IJolland  on  the  other,  for 
the  fenns  of  Holland  and  Kefteven  ;  their  bounds  mentioned  in 
the  royal  charters  filting  up  fo  that  it  was  difficult  to  trace  them  : 
on  which  account  the  men  of  Holland  and  Kefteven  prefented  a 
petition  to  parliament,  which  is  imperfecft  in  the  original  MS  *. 
wherein  alfo  the  tranfadlions  of  a  whole  century  are  wanting, 
including  the  refignation  of  abbot  Richard  1303  t,  the  fucceffion 
oi  Simon  de  Luff  ox  Luffenbam,  who  refigned  1322,  j  18  Edward 
II.  and  was  fucceeded  by  Henry  de  Cafewik,  who  dying  1358,  was 
fucceeded  by  Thomas  de  Bernaky  and  he  dying  1378,  by  John  de 
J/Jjeby^  who  died  1392  §. 

*  Hift.  Croyl.  Contiii.  p.  482. 

Summa  bonontm  iemporaUum  ahhatis  de  Cropland  in  dice.  Lincoln,  fee.  banc  taxat* 
68  /.  A^s.^d.     Pope  Nicholas'  Valor,  1288. ' 

f  HilV.  Croyl.  Contin.  p.  482. 

%   i3!5-;6.   8,   9,  and  other  years  of  Edw.  II.  the  abbot  of  Croyland   was 
.imerced  in  the  court  of  Common  Bench  in  pleas  of  land  and  pleas  of  other  kinds. 
The  eftreats  of  thefe  amerciaments  were  delivered  into  the  Exchequer  by  Wm.  de 
Beretord,  a  juftice  of  the  Common  Bench.     The  abbot   was  diflrained  by  writ  if- 
ibing  out  of  the  Exchequer  for  50  marks,  being  the  total   of  two  amerciaments,  at 
which  he  was  amerced  as  a  baron,  viz.  40  marks  for  the  detention  of  the  advowfon 
ol  Wigtoft  Church,  and  10  marks  for  a  falfe  plaint.     In  Hilary  Term,  12  Ed.  II. 
he  came  into  the  exchequer  by  friar  Orgar  de  Frcfton,   his   commoigne  and  attor- 
ney in  that  behalf,  and    pleaded  that  he  was  unjuftly  and  unduly  fo  amerced  as  a 
baron,  for  he  did  not,   nor  ever  did,  hold    by  barony  or  part  of  a   barony.     He 
produced  the  king's  writ  under  the  Great  Seal,  dire<51ing   the  treafurcr  and  barons 
of  the  Exchequer   to  confult   the  juUices  of  the  Common  Bench,  and  fearch  the 
rolls  of  the  Excheciuer.     Upon  fearch  it  was  found  that  in  the  roll  of  the  eflreats 
of  the   iter  of  John  de  Vaux  and   his  companions  in  Lincolnfliire,    10  Ed.  I.  the 
abbot  of  Croyland  was  amerced  among  the  barons.     There  is  no  judgment  entered 
upon  this  roll.     In  1322,   15  Ed.  II.  the  abbot  prefented  a  frefh  petition  on  rhis 
matter,  which  feems  to  have  been  again   left  undetermined.     Madox   Hift.  of  tlie 
Esch.  p.  367  —  ^70,  ex.  Hil.  com.  12  Ed.  II.  rot.  23.  &  15  Ed.  II.  rot.  48.  b. 
§  Sec  a  curious  inftrument  of  this  abbot's  time,  Appendix,  N"  XX. 

On 


OF      C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D  -  A  B  B  E  r,  59 

On  the  refignation  of  abbot  Simon,  Mathew  Brown,  elcheator 
for  the  counties  of  Lincohi,  Northampton,  Cambridge,  and  Rut- 
land, feized  on  all  the  goods  of  the  abbey  for  the  king's  nfe.  The 
fucceeding  abbot  Henry  applied  for  an  allowance  to  the  convent 
during  the  vacancy.  A  writ  v,  as  dire<5lcd  to  the  king's  treafurer  and 
the  barons  of  the  exchequer  to  enquire  what  was  ufually  allowed, 
who  returned  that  they  had  found  two  vacancies,  but  no  allowance. 
The  king  then  diredted  William  Broklefby,  clerk,  remembrancer 
of  his  exchequer,  to  examine  by  oath  of  jury  how  many  monks, 
corrodaries,  fervants,  and  officers  had  been  in  the  houfe  during 
the  vacancy.  By  inquifition  taken  at  Stamford,  2  Edward  III.  by 
the  oaths  of  i  8  jurors,  there  were  found  to  have  been  throughout 
the  vacancies  41  monks,  15  corrodaries,  36  fervants  and  offi- 
cers, who  were  all  returned  by  name;  whereupon  an  allowance 
was  made  from  the  exchequer  of  6d.  per  day  to  the  prior,  3d  to 
each  monk  and  corrodary,  and  2d  to  each  fervant ;  and  this  cofl 
the  king  81.  i8s.  per  week.      See  this  inquifition  N°  XXI*. 

On  the  deceafe  of  lady  Wake,  who  had  been  very  trouble- 
fome  to  the  convent,  her  fon  and  heir  Thomas,  who  had  married 
Blanche,  fifter  of  Henry  earl  of  Lancafter.  claimed  a  right  to  Gog- 
gilland  fenn  as  part  of  his  manor  of  Depyng.  But  the  abbot 
oppofed  his  encroachment.  Upon  a  fecond  application  to  par- 
liament, 1389,  by  the  people  of  Holland  and  Keiteven,  for  the 
purpofe  of  dividing  their  fenns,  the  king  ifllicd  a  com.miffion  of 
enquiry  into  the  ancient  bounds,  &c.  and  to  demand  full  informa- 
tion from  the  abbot  of  Croyland,  who  was  maimer  of  them.  He  gave 
the  commiffioners  a  moil  civil  reception  and  every  infl:ru6lion  they 
defired  ;  and  they  made  a  perambulation  from  a  place  on  the  fouth 
fide  of  the  fenn,  between  Wcland  and  Witham,   called  Keniilpb- 

*  Godfrey  de  Cro5'bnd,  monk  and  celarer  of  Peterborougli,  was  chofen  abbot  of 
that  houfe  1299,  and  held  it  till  1321  ;  being  a  gre.it  builder  and  benefaflor  theie. 
Walter  de  Wit lefcye,  p.  133 — 174.     Gunton,  p.  39 — 42.317 — 319. 

I  2  /loil 


6o  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTI  QV  I  T  I  E  S 

Jlon  from  the  firft  abbot  of  that  name,  where  was  an  old  ftone 
crofs  overthrown  by  ftorms  and  floods,  the  bafe  then  remahiing 
about  two  leagues  weft  from  Croyland  in  Holland,  where  they  ap- 
pointed two  crofles,  one  of  wood,  and  the  other  of  ftone,  to  be  fet 
up.  Thence  they  proceeded  to  a  place  called  JVodelodegraynes 
to  the  north,  beyond  a  dyke  lately  violently  made  by  lady  Wake 
and  the  people  of  Depyng,  about  a  furlong  north  of  Kenulph- 
fton  ;  and  there  they  fet  another  ftone  crofs,  and  another  at  Oggot, 
which  is  the  third  boundary  of  Goggifland.  When  matters  were 
thus  fettled,  the  people  of  Depyng  and  Thomas  Holland,  earl  of 
Kent,  took  every  opportunity  to  plague  the  convent  of  Croyland, 
driving  off  their  cattle,  fifliing  in  their  pools,  hindering  their 
tenants  from  digging  turf,  beating  their  fervants  as  they  came  to 
market,  and  feizing  their  carts  and  horfes,  till  at  the  follicitation 
of  the  abbot,  the  duke  of  Lancafter  wrote  to  them  to  make  fatif- 
fadtion.  John  of  Gaunt  defended  the  abbot  and  convent  in  par- 
liament ;  and  the  abbot  lodged  a  complaint  againft  the  earl  of 
Kent,  whom  king  Richard  II.  1392,  ftri6lly  commanded  to  let 
them  alone.  Still  the  trial  went  on;  the  earl  neglected  to  ap- 
pear, and  the  abbot  and  convent  remained  unmolefted  for  fome 
time.  At  length  the  earl  appointed  a  new  fteward  at  Depyng, 
who  renewed  his  abufive  treatment  of  the  abbot's  fervants.  The 
people  of  Depyng  renewed  their  infolence,  till  the  earl  of  Derby 
threatened  to  burn  their  town  about  their  ears.  The  abbot  pre- 
fented  his  bill  in  parliament ;  the  earl  of  Kent  replied  :  the  duke 
of  Lancafter,  John  of  Gaunt,  and  his  fon  Henry  earl  of  Rutland, 
would  have  interfered,  but  the  archbifliop  of  York,  who  was 
chancellor,  ftopped  them.  At  laft  the  abbot  took  courage,  and 
addreffing  himfelf  to  the  king,  called  upon  him  to  prote<fl:  his 
convent  of  royal  foundation;  the  chancellor  affured  him  the 
king  would  do  fo.  Tranquillity  was  thus  reftored  for  one  year, 
v.hen,   16  Richard  11.  1392,  the  abbot  was  fei zed  with  a  fever, 

which 


OF      CROYLAND- ABBEY.  6r 

which  carried  him  off,  in  his  1 6th  year,  on  St.  Bartholomew's 
day  *. 

He  was  fucceeded  by  Thomas  Overt07i^  prior,  hi  his  lecond 
year  fomc  commifTioners  of  Northamptonlhire,  at  the  inftigation 
of  the  abbot  of  Peterborough,  threw  up  a  great  bank,  which 
however  did  not  anfwer  their  purpofe.  Kenulphfton  crofs  was 
thrown  down  by  the  men  of  Depyng ;  but  the  abbot  recovered 
damages  of  them,  and  got  it  fet  up  again. 

Upon  the  depofition  of  Richard  II.  Thomas  Holland,  earl  of 
Kent,  their  inveterate  enemy,  was  beheaded  for  confpiring  againfl 
Henry  IV.  1400.  The  abbot  of  Croyland  was  charged  with 
trealbn ;  but  on  his  appearance  before  the  king's  juftices  at 
Huntingdon  was  acquitted.  He  palled  14  years  in  great  tran- 
quillity, encreafing  the  revenues  of  his  monaftery.  He  pur- 
chafed  one  third  of  the  manor  of  Gedney,  called  Shelton  fee 
from  Ralph  Shelton,  and  Beaumont's  fee  in  Bafton;  and  for^2o. 
paid  to  the  crown  obtained  a  charter  of  indemnification  from 
efcheats  on  vacancy.  He  gave  new  forms  to  the  choir,  and  four 
melodious  bells  to  the  tower,  and  rebuilt  the  brewery  and  bake- 
houfe  in  a  beautiful  manner.  On  a  fudden  he  fell  blind  ;  but  at 
the  earneft  defire  of  the  convent,  continued  to  govern  them,  com- 
mitting the  management  of  their  affairs  to  Richard  Upton  the 
prior,  a  learned  man,  and  adive  manager,  who  had  been  for  ten 
years  before  prior  of  Frefton  t.  In  this  abbot's  time  feveral  of 
the  monks  were  great  bcnefad;ors  to  the  houfe.  Laurence  Cha- 
teres  the  cook  gave  ^40]:  to  build  the  fouth  fide  of  the  cloiller, 

and 

*  Hifl;.  Croyl.  Contin.  482 — 492. 

f  This  priory  was  founded  for  a  prior  and  fonie  black  monks  in  confcqucncc  of 
thebcquefl:  of  Alan  de  Creun  (p.  48).  Tanner,  Not.  Mon.  p.  257. 

\  'I'his  fum  was  divided  between  the  fix  greater  ofBcers   of  the  convent,  viz.  the 

mailer  of  the  works,  almoner,  pitancer,  facrilf,  chamberlain,  and  cellarer;   itn  marks 

each  in  money,   annexed  for  ever  to  their  offices,    to  be  chiirged  in  their  accounts 

yearly  by  the  trcaftirer  pro  amygdalis:  each  in  their  turn  was  to  find  the  convent 

4  Willi 


6i  THE    HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

and  as  much  to  find  milk  of  alaionds  on  fifh  days,  a  black  gown 
wrought  with  gold  letters  *,  fit  to  officiate  in  at  funerals,  value 
jr2  6.and  ^20  to  build  a  farm-houle  on  Dovedale  manor.  William 
de  Croyland,  mafter  of  the  works,  built  the  aforefaid  part  of  the 
cloyfter  from  the  ground,  the  north  and  fouth  crofs  ailes  of  the 
choir,  with  their  arches  and  glafs  windows,  and  the  Lady  chapel 
on  the  north  fide,  at  great  expence ;  he  alfo  gave  two  tables  t  for 
the  altar  of  St.  Guthlac  in  the  eaft  part  |,  beaunfully  carved,  the 
lower  one  painted,  the  upper  one  gilded.  The  beautiful  refeclory- 
houfe  was  of  his  building  from  the  ground ;  and  the  lower  part  of 
the  nave  §  of  the  church  to  the  well,  and  both  its  ailes  1|,  v.  ith 
their  chapels,  from  the  ground  to  the  roof:  this  laft  in  the  time 
of  abbot  Richard  Upton.  Eichard  Woxbridge  gave  a  purple 
veftment  beautifully  fprinkled  with  gold  flowers,  two  copes,  a 
chefuble ■••■*,  with  tunics.  Simon  Erefby  adorned  the  altar  of  St. 
John  the  Evangtliil  with  beautiful  tables  both  above  and  below; 
he  alfo  gave  the  two  principal  cenfers  of  filver  gilt,  which  coll 
40  marks  ;  and  to  the  Lady  chapel,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the 
chiuxh,  two  perks  ft  for  wax-ligats,  with  a  lofty  door  or  lcreen;{:| 
at  the  lower  end  of  the  faid  chapel. 

\fV'ich  almond-milk  on  fifh  days,  viz.  three  pounds  of  almonds,  with  good  bread,  and 
honey  fufficient  for  each  turn  ;  a  pound  of  almonds,  with  bread  and  honey,  to  eight 
or  nine  monks.  And  if  a  feflival  in  albis  or  a  fa(t  fell  on  a  fifli  day,  the  officer  who 
found  the  milk  that  day  was  to  receive  of  the  cook  a  pound  of  almonds  as  a  pittance, 
from  which  pittance  the  cook  was  to  be  excufed,  and  it  was  to  be  found  that,  day  in 
the  refedory,  that  fo  milk  might  be  better  and  more  punchially  found  for  the  con- 
vent :  the  officer  ncgle£)ing  his  turn  was  to  forfeit  in  commons  double  the  value  of 
that  day's  milk. 

On  this  occafion,  one  cnnnot  help  obferving  how  ^ulmirably  calculated  this  an- 
tifcorbutic  regiaien  was  to  ina(fli\'e  religious.  Almonds  contain  a  large  quaniity  of 
mild  oil  blended  with  farina,  which  upon  being  bruifcd  or  chewed  give  out  a  rich 
foft  fluid  refembling  milk  or  chyle. 

•■*  Scripturis  aureis.  See  inftances  of  tetters  on  garments  and  girdles  in  Mr. 
Walpole's  picture  of  the  marriage  of  Henry  VI.  (Anted,  of  Paint.  I.  38)  and  on 
the  robe  of  Charles  IV.  in  his  interview  with  Charles  V.  of  France,  137S.  (Montf. 
M on.  III.  pi.  X.  fig.  40).  ']- Tiibulas.  XPl/iga.  ^  Infcrioy  navis. 

\\  Bruchia.  ''■*    Cjfuhi.  f -f  Pertiae.  XX  Prcchtforimn. 

By 


OF      CROY  LAND-  ABBEY.  63 

By  ancient  cuftom  on  the  chief   feftivals  in  the  year  the  abbot 
invited  three  of  the  monks  to  dine  with  him  in  the  hall  or  his  own 
apartment,  and  on  every  feftival  when  copes  were  worn  *  two ;  and 
the  abbofs  receiver  had  nothing  for  them  oat  of  the  kitchen  on 
thofe  days.      On  the  feftivals  of  St.  Catherine  and  St.  Thomas  the 
Martyr  if  the  prior  or  one  of  the  monks  celebrated  mafs  in  the  ab- 
bot's chapter,  the  party  celebrating,  as  well  as  the  monks  who  were 
invited  on  thole  days  to  the  abbot's  table,  were  at  the  abbot's  colt  +, 
and  his  receiver  had  nothing  for  them  from  the  kitchen  ;   and  on 
Chriifmas-eve,  or  the  Sunday  before,   or  Eafter  or  Whitfiin-cves, 
the  firit  Sunday  in  Advent,  Septuagedma,  or  Quinquageiima  Sun- 
days, the  prior  dined  with  the  abbot,  and  the  receiver  had  nothing 
for  him.      Afterwards,  in  the  time  of  abbots  Overton  and  Upton, 
it  was  ordered  that  every  day  in  the  year  two  monks  fliould  dine 
at  the  abbot's  table,  whether   he  were  prefent  or  not,,  and  the 
cook  pay  to  the  abbot  or  receiver  every  w^eek  in  money  as  he  does 
to  the  fcholars  at  Cambridge.      And  if  the  abbot  chofe  to  afk  any 
other  monks  befides  the  faid  two,  whether  the  prior  or  any  other, 
except  on  the  aforefaid  feftivals,  the  receiver  was  to  receive  in 
vidnals  from  the  kitchen  as  they  would  have  had  in  their  order 
in  the  convent,   except  the  prior's  J,   becaufe  he  would 

never  have  that  from  the  abbot  in  his  prefence.  But  if  the  prior, 
or  any  of  the  convent,  eat  in  the  celarer's  chamber,  with  leave  of 
the  prior,  not  being  invited  by  the  abbot,  or  not  according  to  the 
above  rule,  then  both  prior  and  monks  fo  eating  there  were  to 
have  all  from  the  kitchen,  and  of  other  pittances  at  dinner  and 
fupper,  as  if  they  eat  in  the  infirmary  §. 

In  the  reign  of  Henry  V.  the  Hollanders  of  Multon  and  Wcfton, 
taking  advantage  of  the  abbot's  blindnefs,  feized  upon  and  plun- 
dered a  certain  ifland  called  Le  Purceynt,  and  burnt    a  filliing- 

*  Fejlum  caparum.  -f  Ad  exhibitlonem  ahbatis. 

%  Inteiferculuni.  §  Hifl.  Croyl.  CQiiiin.  p.  492 — 499. 

hcufe 


64  THE    HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

houfe  at  Sandiftovv.  The  people  of  Spalding  over-run  Gog- 
giiland.  All  thefe  offenders  prior  Richard  laid  under  excommu- 
nication, fixing  up  the  fentence  on  the  church  doors,  as  well  as 
profecuting  them  at  law.  St.  Guthlac  appeared  to  him  one  night 
in  a  vilion,  and  animated  him.  The  matter  was  referred  to  arbi- 
tration, and  the  men  of  Moulton  and  Wellon  w^ere  condemned  to 
pay  20  marks  for  Sandyftowcote,  and  400  marks  more  for  the 
illand*.  Goggifland  was  awarded  to  be  within  the  town  of  Croy- 
land,  and  the  abbot  had  licence  to  indole  or  build  as  he  pleafed 
thereon.  Things  thus  fettled,  abbot  Thomas  departed  this  life 
on  the  feflival  of  St.  Thomas  the  Martyr,  in  whofe  honour  he 
had  made  the  eail  window^  of  the  abbot's  chapel,  with  the  ftory 
of  his  life  t,  and  was  buried  before  the  high  altar  in  his  25th 
year,  141 7 1- 

In  his  room  was  elected  by  unanimous  confent  Richard  Upton, 
the  prior,  who  had  borne  the  whole  weight  of  bufmefs  for  five 
years  before.  On  the  inftitution  of  a  new  abbot  the  chapter  of 
Lincoln  claimed  the  cope  in  which  he  Itands  at  the  altar  when  he 
is  inftallcd,  for  which  reafon  one  of  about  five  marks  value  was 
ufually  provided.  The  earl  marflial  claimed  a  palfrey,  and  the 
archdeacon  of  Lincoln  ufed  to  claim  another,  or  five  marks  in 
lieu  of  one;  but  from  this  lafl  claim  Pope  Innocent  exempted  the 
convent.  One  of  the  king's  clerks  claimed  40  fliillings  a  year  as  a 
corrody,  from  the  time  of  the  inftallation  till  he  is  provided  with 
a  competent  benefice  from  any  other  quarter. 

Abbot  Richard  gave  to  his  church,  with  a  jewel  which  coft 
120  marks  to  carry  reliques  in,  a  red  cope,  adorned  with  gold 
and  jewels,  Commonly  called   Ibi  ubi^  valued  at    100  marks;   a 

*  Pat.  3  Hen,  V.  p.  2.  m.  24.  pro  jure  abbatis  in  infula  cle  Parceint,  ut  in  folo 
fuo  fepnrali,  contra  homines  de  Wellon  &  Multon. 

-\  De  vita  ejvfdem  martyris  dcccnter  conjiruens.  |  Hift.  Croy!.  Contin. 

p.  501 — 5  12. 

whole 


OF      C  11  O  y  L  A  N  D  -  A  B  B  E  y.  65 

whole  fuit*  embroidered  with  the  arms  of  England  and  France 
quarterly  f ,  with  copes  of  the  fame  workmanfliip.  Silk  X  em- 
broidered with  gold  falcons  for  feven  copes,  which  his  fucccflTor 
abbot  LytUngton  had  made  up.  Another  piece  of  rich  cloth, 
(5ouble  dyed,  embroidered  with  flowers  of  gold  given  by  lady- 
Jane  Willoughby  he  made  into  a  principal  veftment,  with  gold 
fringe  §.  He  fpared  no  expence  in  repairing  the  paftoral  flaves 
and  the  pix  at  the  high  altar,  adorned  with  a  filver  crown  fet 
with  jewels.  He  enriched  the  library  with  many  valuable  books, 
rebuilt  the  abbot's  hall  in  a  handfome  manner,  and  repaired  great 
part  of  the  weft  fide  of  the  abbey  court,  which  had  a  great  crack 
in  it  towards  the  town,  as  far  as  the  water-gate.  In  his  time 
John  Frefton  the  facrift  had  a  handfome  garment  called  yeife 
wrought  in  the  work-room  over  the  veftry,  with  a  cope  and  cha- 
fuble  II,  valued  at  near  500  marks;  and  gave  another  rich  cope 
of  Venetian  blue  *-,  embroidered  with  golden  eagles,  commonly 
called  Verbum  caro.  William  Croyland,  mafter  of  the  works 
before  mentioned,  built  from  the  ground  the  new  work  of  the 
lower  church  ti,  to  which  he  him.felf  and  his  friends  and  relar 
tions  contributed  largely. 

Abbot  Upton  died  14  May,  1427,  5  Henry  VI.  and  was  fuc- 
ceeded  hy  JobnLytlyngton'lX'  hi  his  time  a  prieft  of  Multon  meet- 
ing a  monk  who  was  receiver  of  the  abbot  at  the  manor  of  Af- 
wykeon  the  Moulton  men's  dyke,  called  Lodedykc,  near  Brother- 
houfe,  not  only  abufed  him  grofsly,  but  puflied  him  off  the  bank 
into  the  fenn,  fo  that  the  feeble  old  monk  hardly  efcaped  with  his 
life.  The  bifhop  of  Lincoln  however  obliged  the  prieft  to  alk 
his  pardon  on  a  public  feftival  before'  the  high  altar.  William 
de  Bondvylle,  a   Cornilh  knight,  .who    had   got  the  manor  of 

*  Vefthiuntiun  inicgnivi,  \  S^airifarie.  \  Panni  boUferici. 

%  Aurifi'iaia.  \\Cafu!a.  '^*  Veneti cohris. 

■■\-\  B-ijilica,  or  lower  part  of  the  Nave.         t^.^  Hill:.  Croyl.  C'.ntin.  p.  512 — 515. 

K  Moulton 


66  THE     HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  QJU  I  TI  E  S 

Moulton  by  marrying  Robert  Harryngton's  widow,  fued  the  abbot 
about  certain  banks,  which  he  was  at  laft  by  amicable  arbitration' 
obliged  to  keep  up.  The  people  of  Spalding  renewed  their 
claim  to  Goggifland,  but  were  obliged  to  give  it  up,  and  pay 
jCioo.  to  the  Groylanders  *. 

John,  earl,  and  afterwards  duke,  of  Somerfet,  who  fucceeded 
to  his  mother  Margaret  dutchefs  of  Clarence,  and  became  lord  of 
Depyng,  renewed  the  old  difturbances  and  difputes  againft  the  ab- 
bot of  Croyland,  who  was  forced  to  go  to  him  in  a  very  hot  fum- 
mer  to  Corfe  Caftle,  where  he  found  him  juft  fetting  out  on  a  fo- 
reign expedition,  and  obtained  his  letter  to  his  fteward  to  fufpend 
all  proceedings  till  he  came  back.  On  his  return  he  was  accufed 
of  treafon,  and  forbid  the  court ;  which  his  great  fpirit  not  be- 
ing able  to  brook,  it  was  generally  fuppofed  he  made  himfelf 
away.  He  left  iffue  by  his  wife  Margaret  one  daughter  named 
Margaret,  who  after  her  mother's  deceafe  was  to  be  lady  of  De- 
pyng, and  was  married  to  Edward  earl  of  Richmond,  by  whom 
file  had  one  fon  I,  and  remarried  to  Henry  duke  of  Buckingham. 
The  dutchefs  her  mother  held  the  manor  of  Depyng,  near  30 
years,  juit  as  her  hufband  left  it  ]:. 

In  the  year  1439  violent  rains  broke  down  the  banks,  and 
drowned  Whaplode  common.  The  whole  country  complained 
of  the  abbot  of  Croyland,  and  among  the  reft  Humphry  Little- 
tury,  Efq.  A  commiffion  of  fewers  for  the  counties  of  Lincoln, 
Northampton,  Huntingdon,  and  Cambridge  was  obtained,  and 
the  jury  returned  that  the  abbot  had  nothing  to  do  with  thefe 
dykes,  and  Henry  VI.  ordered  at  their  requeft  that  the  record 
fhould  be  exemplified  by  his  letters  patent  §. 


*  Hifr.  Croyl.  Conrin.  p.  5 1($ — 518.  ■f  Afterwards  king  Henry  VII. 

X  Oifl.  Croyl.  Contin.  p- 518,  519.  §  Ibid.  p.  519. 


In 


OF     CROYLAND-ABBEY.  67 

In  1444  the  fteeples  of  St.  Paul's  London,  Waltham  abbey,  the 
churches  of  Baklock,  Walden,  and  Kingfton  on  Thames,  were 
deftroyed  and  fired  by  a  terrible  florm  of  thunder  and  lightning  *. 

A.  D.  1446  a  difpute  arofe  between  the  abbot  and  John  Pyn- 
der,  vicar  of  Whaplode,  about  the  repairs  of  the  defks  and  llalls  in 
the  chancel  of  his  church,  which  was  determined  in  the  court  of 
arches  to  belong  to  the  vicar,  together  with  the  whole  chancel 
and  its  furniture,  by  virtue  of  a  comjpofition  between  the  vicar  and 
the  abbot  -f. 

Another  difpute  arofe  between  the  abbot  and  lord  Thomas 
Dacre,  lord  of  Holbeach,  where  the  abbot  was  lord  paramount^ 
having,  belides  the  fee  of  the  church,  a  market  and  fair,  wafte 
and  free  warren,  pillory  and  tumbril>  and  aflize  of  bread  and 
beer ;  contrary  to  which  his  lordfhip's  bailiffs  diftrained  on  the 
common,  and  did  other  a6ts  to  the  prejudice  of  the  abbot.  This 
was  adjufted  by  bilhop  Alnwyk  of  Lincoln,  whofe  award  in  Eng- 
hlli  may  be  feen  N°  XXV  t- 

The  abbot  was  defirous  of  renewing  the  ancient  boundaries  in 
Alderlound  fenn  to  the  S.  W.  of  the  Weland,  viz.  the  crofles  and 
marks  at  Fynefete,  Greynes,  FoUvardftakyng,  and  South  lake,  in 
concurrence  with  the  abbot  of  Peterborough  ;  but  the  arbitration 
between  them  could  not  be  brought  to  bear  after  much  expence 
of  time  and  money  §. 

The  abbot  of  Groyland  had  both  the  church  and  principal 
manor  in  Ballon:  but  one  John  Witham,  efq;  pretended  to  be 
lord  of  the  whole  town,  and  befides  feveral  irregular  atfls,  for  fe- 
veral  years  withheld  an  ancient  rent  of  two  pounds  of  white  in- 
cenfe  ||  for  a  piece  of  land  there  called  Bo^cotegrem.      He  claimed 

^  : 

.  \    '  ■ 

*  Hift.  Croyl.  Contin.  p.  520.  -f  Ibid.  p.  521. 

X  lb.  p.  522,  524.  §  lb.  p.  525,  526.  II  Albi  incetift. 

K  2  alfo 


68  THE     HISTORY    AND     A  N  T  I  qjU  I  T  I  E  S 

alfo  a  chapel*,  which  by  leave  of  the  abbot  of  Croyland  had  been 
built  on  the  'wafte  for  the  convenience  of  travellers,  and  not  only 
held  his  courts  in  it,  but  ordered  his  fervants  to  put  his  horfes 
into  it,  and  by  way  of  encouraging  them  in  this  acT:  of  pro- 
phanenefs,  made  water  over  the  walls.  At  length  almoffc  ruined 
by  lawfuits,  he  was  obliged  to  acknowledge  the  abbot's  right,  and 
end  his  days  in  poverty  +. 

Amidft  the  confulion  of  the  civil  war,  Hfenry  VI.  came  hither, 
1460,  in  Lent,  to  pay  his  devotion  to  St.  Guthlac,  and  ftaid  three 
days  and  three  nights,  and  was  fo  pleafed  with  the  devout  be- 
haviour of  the  convent,  that  he  defired  to  be  admitted  into  the 
brotherhood;  in  return  for  which  he  granted  them  a  charter  of 
liberties,  N"  XXVI.  with  return  of  writs  J. 

Upon  the  defeat  and  death  of  the  duke  of  York  at  Wakefield 
this  year,  the  northern  men  rofe,  and  committed  the  moft  dreadful 
ravages.  The  inhabitants  of  Croyland  were  fo  alarmed,  that 
they  brought  their  effects  to  the  abbey,  who  on  their  part  con- 
cealed all  theirs ;  performed  continual  proceffions  round  the 
tomb  of  St.  Guthlac;  kept  conftant  watch,  and  fortified  all  the 
mouths  of  their  dykes  and  canals  with  Hakes ;  broke  up  their 
caufeways  and  banks,  and  lufFered  none  to  go  out  or  in  without 
leave.  The  army  came  within  fix  miles  of  them  ;  but  were  at 
length  repulfed  and  difperfed  by  Edward  earl  of  March,  after- 
wards king  Edward  IV  §. 

*  This  chapel  had  bcen-built  and  endowed  by  a  gild  inftituted  about  that  time 
in  the  church  of  Bafton  by  leave  of  the  abbot  of  Croyland  ;  for  which  dedicatioa 
Richard  Dykloii,  prefident  of  the  copfiflory  at  Lincoln,  granted  his  teftiraouial  let- 
ters, printed  in  Hift.  Croyl.  Coiitin.  p.  528. 

-j'  Hift.  Croyl.  Contin.  p.  527,  528. 

+  Ibid.  p.  52.9,  530.. ^:..! 

§  Ibid.  p.  531,  532.  The  chronicler  here  remarks,  that  the  nation  forfook 
Henry  VI.  who  had  long  fince  by  accidental  iHnefs  fallen  into  fuch  a  wcaknefs  of 
mindj  in  which  Hate  he  continued  a  good  while,  and  only  governed  nom'nally. 

The 


OF      CROYLAND      ABBEY.  6; 

The  nrft  ftep  of  Edward  IV.  after  he  was  crowned  and  met  his 
parliament,  was  to  refume  and  annul  all  the  acts  and  grants  of 
the  three  Henrys  IV.  V.  and  \'I.  in  which  were  included  the  char- 
ter refpecting  vacancy  in  this  abbey,  granted  by  Henry  V.  to  ab- 
bot Overton,  and  the  late  charter  of  liberties  granted  by  Henry  VI  *. 

Abbot  LvtlvnG;ton  now  drew  near  his  end.  He  was  an  exem- 
plary  benefactor  to  his  convent,  to  whom,  among  other  prefents 
to  their  veftry,  he  gave  nine  copes  of  cloth  of  gold,  exquifitely 
feathered  t,  valued  zit  ^2j\.o;  one  rich  fuit  of  veftment  of  red  and 
gold,  viz.  three  copes,  with  a  chefuble,  and  three  tunics,  which 
colt  / 1 6.0  ;  a  gilded  table  for  the  high  altar,  with  its  fcreen  |  be- 
hind and  before  ;  he  made  the  cieling  §  in  the  lower  part  of  the 
church  Ij  ;  glazed  all  the  windows,  and  vaulted  all  the  aiies  of 
the  fame  with  fcone  ;  and  made  the  great  organ  over  the  entrance 
of  the  church,  befides  a  lefTer  in  the  choir,  which  was  brought 
on  the  fhoulders  of  two  porters  from  London  to  Croyland.  He 
caufed  a  table  to  be  carved  for  our  Lady's  altar  ;  and  among  the 
jewels  in  the  veftry  gave  the  principal  crofs  for  proceflions,  a 
magnificent  chalice  with  other  veffels-^-*,  and  feveral  maffive  can- 
dlerticks,  all  of  lllver  gilt,  inftead  of  the  old  ones.  • 

Among  the  monks  his  contemporaries  who  were  benefadors, 
were  jfobn  LeyceJ^er,  who  gave  a  handfome  veftment,  valued  at 
/40,  and  40  marks,  towards  recafting  the  great  bells  in  the  outer 
ilceple.  S/mo n  Swyn/hed gzivc  a  fine  cope  and  albe,  vvith  his  name 
aenigmatically  wrought  on  the  breali,  worth  above  j^'ao.  William 
Swynjhcd  rej^aired  the  chapel  of  the  Trinity  in  the  infirmary, 
which   was   ready  to  fall,   and  leaded    the   roof,  and  gave  new 

•*  Hifl.  Croyl.  Cont.  p.  533.  Bifliop  Tanner  cites  Par.  i  Edw.  IV.  p.  5.  m.  23. 
but  for  what  does  not  appear. 

\  Operc -plumario  exqidfitljfime  ■prczparatas.  \  TnEcluforium. 

§  Cceldiorium.  i|  Tejiudinibus  lapidem  in  fubnixis  eidem  baftlka  ex 

uiraque  parte  zWi,  **  Phiala. 

benches, 


70  THE    HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

benches,  Sec.  to  the  choir,  and  a  tabernacle  of  the  Trinity. 
Thomas  Walden  contributed  jT'ZO.  towards  the  beautiful  carving 
over  the  high  altar.  John  Laxton  rebuilt  a  newly  purchafecl 
hcufe  in  the  town,  and  gave  it  to  find  our  Lady's  light  in  the  in- 
firm arv.  John  JVisbecby  afterwards  abbot,  gave  another  houfe 
to  the  chamberlain,  to  pay  four  fliillings  on  Chrifiimas-day  annu- 
ally, quatenns  ad  repayationem  conventus  in  eoru?n  minutmiibus"^. 
"Thomas  Leverton  gave  another  to  the  mailer  of  the  works,  to 
find  the  monks  with  cheefe  for  fupper  in  fummer,  and  in  w  inter 
on  the  feftival  /;z  nomine  Dojfiiniy  only  in  the  lower  hall  t.  That 
noble  and  induftrious  man,  Richard  Benyngton,  was  their  greateft 
benefaftor,  and  gave  ^^40'  ^o  glaze  the  windows  weft  of  the 
nave  J. 

There  was  in  the  town  of  Croyland  a  poor  labouring  man, 
named  John  Wayle,  about  40  years  old,  who  had  committed 
fome  great  crime  which  he  would  not  difclofe  to  any  one.  After 
receiving  the  facrament  at  Eafter  he  was  fuddenly  feized  with 
madnefs,  and  lb  continued  without  relief  from  any  of  the  faints, 
till  by  the  merits  of  St.  Guthlac  he  was  reftored  to  his  reafon  §. 

*  Nobody  'ui  Peterliorough  Abbey  could  be  let  blood  (acc'ipere  niiniifioiiem),  an 
operation  fo  ncceffary  to  fcdentary  people  fiibjeft  to  repletion,  without  an  order  from 
the  prior,  who  let  iome  of  ihem  have  it  often,  fome  more  rarely:  fome  after  5  weeks^ 
fome  after  6,  and  fome  not  till  after  8  or  10  or  15,  or  haU  a  year  :  which  lall  feems 
to  have  been  the  cafe  here  alluded  to.  To  take  away  therefore  all  trouble  out  of 
■their  minds,  abbot  Robert  de  Lyndfay,  1214,  ordained  that  the  convent  fhould  be 
divided  into  fix  parts;  and  on  the  day  of  letting  blood,  he  that  was  the  fcnior  of 
the  part  whofe  turn  it  was  to  have  the  benefit  of  it  fliould  afk  leave  (licciitiam  mi- 
tjuendi)  under  his  hand  for  his  brethren  from  the  prior.  7\bbot  Walter  divided 
them  into  fi"ve  parts.  They  who  were  (minuii)  let  blood  were  frequently  refrejhed 
in  the  refeftory  thrice  a  day  with  a  regular  diet.  Cunton's  Hifl.  of  Petcrb.  p. 
296.  See  more  of  thiscuftom,  occafioned  by  irregularity  and  high  living,  in  Som- 
ner's  Canterbury,  1701,  p.  136.  MS.  Harl.  looj.  Liber  albus  Sci  Edmundi  habet 
de  minutis /anguine,  f.  193. 

f  In  bajja  aula.  %  Inferior  baftlica,     Hifl.  Croyl.  Contin.  p.  534,  536. 

§  Ibid.  p.  537—339- 

In 


OF      CROYLAND. ABBEY.  71 

In  the  year  1464  Margaret  dutchefs  dowager  of  Somerfct,  who 
rcTided  at  her  caille  of  Maxay*,  was  received  into  the  fillerhootl, 
together  with  her  daughter  and  heir  Margaret  countefs  of  Rich- 
mojid.  Not\vithll:anding  this  Ihc  kept  poflcflion  of  Goggilland, 
and  the  ilone  crofles  fet  up  in  abbot  Afliby's  time  by  the  advice 
and  afliftance  of  John  of  Gaunt  were  now  thrown  down  by  the 
people  of  Depyng  t. 

Abbot  Lytlyngton  fent  the  three  old  bells  to  London  to  be 
new  caft  into  five,  which,  including  the  carriage,  amounted  to 
£160.  Before  they  were  hung  they  were  confecrated  by  Nicho- 
las X  bifliop  of  Elphin,  futtragan  to  John  bifhop  of  Lincoln^  and 
called  Guthlac,  Bartholomew,  Michael,  Mary,  and  Trinity.  As 
they  were  railing  a  great  beam  to  roof  and  floor  the  new-built  bel- 
frey,  the  tackle  fuddenly  gave  way,  and  fell  down,  bearing  all  the 
building  belov/  before  it;  but  though  there  w:ere  twenty  work- 
-men  under  it,  not  one  received  any  hurt  §. 

In  1467  a  great  flood  overflowed  the  diftri6l  of  Hollaml  ;  and 
among  the  many  prognoftics  of  calamity,  fuch  as  fliowers  of 
blood.  Sic.  there  appeared  in  the  air  armies^  both  foot  and  horfe, 
condu<fled  by  St.  George  with  his  red  crofs  ||.  About  this  time  the 
king  *•■'-'  quarrelled  with  the  earl  of  Warwick,  and  forbid  him  and 
the  reft  of  his  faithful  lords  his  prefencc.  The  northern  men 
alfo  rofe  under  Robin  of  Redyfdale,  and  marched  to  fupport  the 
earl.  The  king  on  this  alarm  went  on  a  pilgrimage  to  St.  Edmund 
to  Norwich;  and  returning  by  Walfingham  to  Lynn,  and  fo  by 
VVifbeach  to  Dovefdale,  rode  with  a  fuite  of  200  horfe  to  Croy- 
land,  where  he  lodged  one  night,  and  next  day  walked  through 
the  town  to  the  Weft  end,  and  after  praifmg  the  fituation  of  tbjg 
flone  bridge  and  houfes,  took  flnp  with   his  train  and  went  tO; 

*  On  the  Welland  in  Northamptondiire. 
•f-  Hid.  Croyl.  Contin.  p.  539 — 540. 

I   He  refigned  his  bidiopric  1494,  being  blind.     Ware's  Ireland  by  Harris. 
§  llifl.  Croyl.  Contin.  p.  540.  |1  lb.  p.  541,  542..  **  Edward  IV". 

Fod-^ 


72  THE    HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

Fodringhey  caflle,  where  the  queen  was.  He  ftaid  there  till  his 
troops  came  up,  with  whom  he  marched  to  Newark  and  Notting- 
ham, at  which  lart  place  he  received  news  of  the  defeat  of  the  earl 
of  Pembroke  with  the  Wellli  under  his  command  at  Banbury. 

The  alarm  fpread  in  confequence  of  this  defeat  reached  Croy- 
land,  but  by  the  interpofition  of  Providence,  and  the  good  con- 
duct of  the  earl  of  Warwick,  the  troops  returned  home  the  fhorteft 
way  by  Trent '^, 

In  the  mean  time  the  abbot,  who  had  been  long  afflicSled  with 
the  piles,  which  he  had  contrailed  by  frequent  riding  on  horfe- 
back,  finilhed  his  courfe,  after  having  governed  this  houfe  42 
years  and  eight  months,  in  the  85th  year  of  his  age,  and  69th  of 
his  profefhon,  January  16,  1469,  9  Edward  IV t.  With  him 
ends  this  fecond  continuation  of  the  Hiftory  of  Croyland.  It  is  re- 
fumed  again  by  another  hand  the  fame  year  ;  when  John  de  Wif- 
becb,  prior  of  Frefton,  v/as  cle6led  abbot  February  13.  He  re- 
built the  chapel  of  St.  Pega  of  Paylond,  which  had  long  been  in 
ruins,  and  completed  the  Hate  apartments  |  between  the  well:  part 
of  the  church  and  the  almonry,  which  had  been  begun  by  his 
predeceffor.  He  alfo  built  the  great  granary  adjoining  to  the 
bakehoufe,  made  lighter  the  dark  rooms  for  the  abbot's  of- 
ficers near  the  cloyfters,  and  built  convenient  af)artments  in  Buck- 
ingham college,  Cambridge  ||,  for  the  fcholars  of  this  houfe  to 
fleep  and  ftudy  in.  He  changed  the  annual  fervice  of  four 
maffes  §  of  wax  to  be  furniflied  by  this  town  to  Peterborough 

*  HKl,  Croyl.  Coiuin.  p.  542,  543. 

"}-  lb.  p.  54.3,  544,  In  the  abbcy-reglfler  hereafter  defcrihed  is  an  arbitration 
of  William  Withara  archdeacon  of  Leiceller,  t<c.  between  abbot  Liiiyngton,  and 
William  Watfon  the  vicar,  and  the  monks  of  Muhon,  about  damages  done  in  the 
abbey  precinft  between  1458  and  1472. 

t  Camera  folemncu 

II  See  Rot.  Pat.  6  Hen.  VI.  pro  duobns  meflnagiis  in  Cantabrigia  pro  manfi  me 
monachorum  ibidem  ftudentlum.  Rec.  in  fcacc.  11  Hen.  VI.  Mich,  rot,  9.  Pat. 
38  Hcno  VI.  p.  :.  ra.  13.  §  Peir<^. 

abbey 


OF      CUOYLAND-ABBEY. 


73 


abbey  into  a  penfion  of  20  fliillings ;  and  he  firft  abolillied  the 
ancient  cuftom,  or  rather  abufe,  of  giving  little  knives  to  all 
comers  on  St.  Bartholomew's  day  *,  thereby  exempting  both  the 
abbot  and  convent  from  a  great  and  needlcfs  expence.  He  like- 
wife  obtained  from  the  pope  a  bull,  to  allow  the  eating  of  meat 
in  Lent.  In  his  time  happened  a  fire  in  the  town,  which, 
though  it  leffened  the  revenues  of  the  monaftery  20  marks  a  year, 
yet  the  inhabitants  by  his  bounty  were  encouraged  to  rebuild  im- 
mediately.     He  died  November  19,  16  Edward  IV.  1476+. 

*  In  allufioTi  to  the  knife  wherewith  that  faint  was  flead.  Three  of  chefe  knives 
were  quartered  with  three  of  his  whips  fo  much  ufed  by  St.  Guthlac,  in  one  coat 
borne  by  this  houfe.  Mr.  Hunter  had  great  numbers  of  them  of  different  fizes, 
found  at  different  times  in  the  ruins  of  the  abbey  and  in  the  river.  We  have  en- 
graved three  from  drawings  in  the  minute  books  of  the  Spalding  Society,  in  whofe 
drawers  one  is  ftill  preferved.     Thefe  are  adopted   as  the  device  of  a  town-piece, 

called  THE  POORES   HALFEPENY  OF  CROYLAND,    1670^. 

Dr.  Green  prefented  to  the  Society  a  long  fliarp-pointed  knife,  dug  up  with  many 
dozen  of  the  like  in  fcowring  the  old  channel  of  the  well,  and  which  runs  through 
Croyland  town.  He  Ihewed  fome  others,  as  did  Mr.  Butler  and  Mr.  Graham,  two 
other  members. 

rig.  I.  dug  up  in  Croyland  river,  with  the  workman's  mark  Y  inlaid  in  copper ; 
as  are  the  characfters  on  2,  which  belonged  to  Mr.  Worrall,  commu-nicated  and 
drawn  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Branfby. 

Fig.  3,  is  not  unlike  thofe  on  the  Croyland  halfpence ;  both  the  blade  and  oiftagon 
haft  are  of  iron  or  ftecl,  as  is  the  fragment  of  a  large  tilting  fpear,  fig.  4,  in  the 
poilefTion  of  the  late  Rev.  Mr.  R.ay  of  Cowbit. 

1  he  infcription,  fig.  5,  was  on  the  filver  collet  of  one  of  thefe  knives  dug  up 
1744,   and  in  the  polTeflion  of  Mr.  Johnfon. 

Fig.  6,  is  a  great  broad  fv/ord,  having  an  infcription  on  the  blade. 

Fig.  7,  a  circular  piece  of  met^l  like  the  bofs  of  a  clock,  but  when  put  to- 
gether proves  the  bcfs  of  a  buckler. 

Fig.  8,   is  another  fpear  head. 

F'g-  9>  ^  great  fpur.  Thefe  two  laft  were  in  the  hands  of  John  Crawford,  efq; 
at  Croyland. 

Fig.  10,  a  glcave  or  barbed  arrow  head,  two  feet  long,  dug  out  of  the  Welland  in 
Croyland,  in  the  polTcffion  of  Mr.  John  Lowry,  apothecary  there  -,  afterwards, 
1744,  of  Dr.  Stukelcy. 

^'S-  II,  a  great  brafs  letter,  of  the  exaft  (hape  and  fize,  dug  up  about  1750  out 
of  a  grave  in  the  old  church,  probably  from  a  tombftone. 

Fig.  12,  a  brafs  ftylus  dug  up  here  1723-4. 

t  Hid.  Croyl.  Contin.  p.  552,  553,  560. 

}  Engraved,  fig.  :6.  (with  two  tradtl'mens  tokens,  fig.  17,  iS.)  from  the  coUeftion  of  M.  C.  Tutct,  cfq; 
F.  A.  S. 

L  His 


74  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES 

His  fuccefTor  was  Richard  Croyland,  S.  T.  B.  elected  December 
17,  1476,  having  been  before  fteward  of  the  houfe.  He  held 
this  abbacy  only  feven  years,  during  the  troubles  at  the  clofe  of 
the  reign  of  Edward  IV.  to  the  fliort  reign  of  Richard  III.  and 
died  November  10,  148 3.  He  was  a  man  of  fo  itudious  a  turn 
that  he  not  only  bought  many  books  for  the  hbrary,  but  gave  fe- 
veral  written  with  his  own  hand.  The  people  of  Depyng  took  ad- 
vantage of  this  his  turn  to  renew  their  depredations  in  Goggifland, 
carrying  av/ay  the  ruflies  which  had  been  cut  by  the  fervants  and 
tenants  of  the  monaftery,  or  beating  and  plunging  them  in  the 
water,  fo  that  the  abbot  was  forced  to  leave  his  apartment,  and  re- 
ceive their  complaints  in  the  body  of  the  church.  When  it  was 
abfolutely  neceffary  for  any  perfon  to  cut  down  the  bank  of  Gog- 
gilland  fenn  to  carry  off  a  Hood,  they  laid  heavy  fines  on  the  ab- 
bot, diftraining  and  feizing  corn  coming  from  Langtoft  and 
Bafton  by  the  water  w  ich  runs  from  Depyng,  and  they  fliot 
with  arrows  the  cellare'''s  guard-dog.  The  tenants  and  parifli- 
ioners  of  Whaplode,  who  were  dependants  on  this  houfe,  gave  this 
worthy  abbot  great  trouble,  falling  in  a  mofh  violent  manner  on 
friar  Lambert  FolTedyk,  fteward  of  the  place,  forbidding  him  to  cut 
down  the  trees  growing  in  Whaplode  church-yard,  and  threaten- 
ing his  life,  if  he  had  not  bolted  himfelf  in  within  the  church*. 
But  all  thefc  injuries  were  fmall  in  comparifon  of  thofe  of  William 
Ramfey,  abbot  of  Peterborough,  who  claimed  Alderland  fenn  and 

*  In  the  regiftcr  before-mentioned,  p.  7  2,  is  the  difpute  between  abbot  Richard  and 
the  parifh  of  Whaplode  about  trees  in  the  church-yard.  Account  of  the  riot  againft 
the  abbot's  fleward  for  which  the  pavidiioners  offending  did  penance,  and  had  abfolu- 
lion  at  the  abbej'.  Letter  of  intercellion  for  them  from  John  Rulfel  bifhop  of  Lin- 
coln, "  in  haft  from  Kolborne,  Apr.  27,  22  Edw.  IV."  and  Sir  Thomas  Burghe,  pro- 
bab!}'  chancellor  of  Lincoln  diocefe  and  high  Reward  (feriefcallus  generalis)  of  Croy- 
land,  to  flay  further  procefs,  and  the  abbot's  afient  thereto,  1482.  Arbitration, 
that  the  trees  in  the  church-yard  are  not  to  be  felled  without  leave  of  the  abbot.  ^  All 
this  may  be  fccn  in  the  App^^ndix. 

A  great  tithe  caufe  was  determined  May  5,  1774,  for  the  vicar  of  Whaplode, 
with  arrears  of  both  from  the  time  of  his  induction,  againft  fix  of  the  inhabitants 
i:npropriators,  for  the  tithe  of  agiftment  of  barren  and  unprofitable  cattle,  and  of 
Certain  lands  foru">crly  belonging  to  Croyiand  Abbey. 

Other 


OF      CROY  LAND- ABBEY. 


IS 


Other  undifputed  lands  and  privileges  of  thishoufe:  which  dif- 
pute  was  at  lall  adjufted  by  archbifhop  Rotheram*,  in  a  way, 
fays  the  hiftorian,  which  flicws  which  fide  he  intended  to 
favour!. 

On  the  death  of  abbot  Croyland  Lambert  FoJJedyk  before  men- 
tioned, batchelor  in  decrees,  was  eleiled  his  fucceffor,  January 
12,  I  Richard  III.  1484.  He  enjoyed  his  dignity  but  two  years, 
nnd  died  of  the  fweating  ficknefs  in  eighteen  hours,  Oilober  or 
November  14,  1485,  a  little  after  the  clofe  of  Richard  Ill's  reign  j. 

He  was  fucceeded  by  Edmund  Thorpe  S.  T.  B.  prior  pf  this 
houfe,  elei5led  in  November  1487,  in  whofe  time  were  fettled  by 
the  church  juftices  the  three  great  difputes  about  the  precindls  §  of 
Croyland,  which  the  men  of  Multon  and  Welton  had  fo  much  con- 
tefted;  the  boundaries  of  the  demefne,  and  the  right  of  common 
in  Goggilland,  controverted  by  the  people  of  Depyng,  which  the 
prudence  of  the  king's  mother  compromifed  ;  and  the  claim  to  Al- 
derland  fenn  left  undetermined  by  the  forementioned  award,  that 
the  abbot  and  convent  of  Croyland  fliould  pay  thofe  of  Peter- 
borough ^10.  per  annum,  till  they  could  purchafe  and  fettle  on 
them  lands  to  that  amount,  or  appropriate  and  unite  the  churches 
of  Brinkhurft  or  Efton  in  Leicefterfliire  to  the  faid  monaftery 
at  the  fame  expence.  Abbot  Edmund  chofe  the  latter  propofal, 
and  obtained  the  king's  licence  accordingly.  With  this  the  third 
continuator  of  the  hillory  of  Croyland  ends,  April  30,  i486. 
What  follows  there  is  no  more  than  the  neceffary  inifruments 
of  the  faid  appropriations. 

*  In  the  legifter  of  Croyland  before  mentioned  is  an  arbitration  of  archbifhop 
and  chancellor  llotheram,  between  William  abbot  of  Peterborough,  and  Richard 
abbot  of  Croyland,  about  Aldyrlond  fen  and  buildings  on  the  Ibuth  fide  of  the 
town  of  Croyland,  1481,  21  Edw.  IV. 

-f-  Hid.  Croyl.  Conrin.  p.  500 — 569. 

\   Ibid.  p.  569,  570.  §   PracirMus, 

i486,  March  6.  Mon.  de  Crowlandia  folvit  aiedict-.item  2  integrar.  decimar. 
regi  in  fynodo  cleri,  de  pofleffionibusj  &c.  m  dioc.  Elicnfi  8/.  13J.  6../.    Regr.  Alcock. 

La  It 


76  THE    HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

It  appears  from  the  records  cited  by  Browne  Willis  that  this 
abbot  died  1497  '•,  and  was  fucceeded  by 

Philip  Everedge  *  ;    Everardy    or  Evermue  t. 
William  Gedyng^^y  1504; 
Richard  BerkeyiyX  or  Berdeney^,  1507  ; 
yohn  WelleSy  alias  Bridges\\. 
He,  with  William  Pynchbeck,  prior,  Richard  Slefurth,  prior  of 
FrelTion,  cell  to  this  houfe,    Anthony  Overton,    and    27   other 
monks,  fufcribed  to  the  king's  fupremacy  1534.      After  which,^ 
continuing  abbot  till  the  diiTolution  1539,  and  joining  in  the  fur- 
render    of    the     convent,   he    obtained    for    life    a  penfion    of 
1 3  3 1.  6  s.  8  d.  per  annum. 

In  1553  thefe  penfions  remained  in  charge  to  fome  of  their 
furviving  unpenfioned  : 

/.     s.     d. 
John  Rotheram  800 

JohnGrene  700 

Richard  Martyne  800 

Thomas  Greneham  613      4 

John  Ireforde  613      4 

Nicholas  Wynne  600 

William  Teft  600 

Robert  Townfend  568 

Peter  Frexetonne  568 

William  Gotobeddc  500 

William  Denton  500 

William  Portington  500  **■ 

The  revenvies  of  this  abbey  at  the  diflblution  were  valued  at 
I o 8 3 /.  1 5 J".  1  o rt'.  +t,  or  1 2 1 7 /.  5  J.  \\d.\X. 

*  Ex  coll.  Whartoni. 

•\  See  a  remarkable  indrument  of  his  time,  Appendix,  N°  XXXI. 
\  Lei.  It.  I.  p.  146. 

§  Ror.  Pat.  22  Hen.  VII.  when  the  temporals  were  reflored  to  him. 
II  RymerXlV.  525.  Coll.Whart.  *»  Willis. 

W  fj^-^Z'   in  Dugdale,  by  mifplaclng  a  figure  :    but  in  bifliop  Tanner's  MS. 
valor,  JBtevenal.  24,  and  in  the  Firft  Fruits  office,  only  1083.  X\  Speed. 

All 


OF      C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D      ABBEY.  76* 

*'  Hereafter  enfueth  the  names  of  the  late  abbott  and  monks 

<*  of  Crowlande,   in  the  countye  of  Lyncolne,  Avifh  theyr  pcn- 

"  cons,    aflignyd  by  the  kyngs  eomyffioners  to  be  payed  unto 

*'  theym  yerely  dming   theyr  lyves  at  two  termes  of  the  yere, 

*'  that  ys  to  faye,  at  the  feafts  of  the  Annunciation  of  our  Lady 

«'  next  enfuing  the  date  herof ;   which  late  monaftery  was  fur- 

<'  rendered  to  the  kyngs  ufe  the  4th  day  of  Decembre,  in  the 

t*  31ft  yere  of  the  raygne  of  our  foveraygne   lord   king  Henry 

<<  the  8th." 

Ml  v.:.  -  . 

John  Wellys,  alias  Bryggys,  late  abbot  there,  133/.  6^.  ^d„ 

Anthony  Overton,  D.  D.  1 3  /.  6  J.  8  fif'. 

William  Pynchbeke,  alias  Harburt,  late  prior,")  ''^^ 

Richard  Slyford,  alias  Benett,  B.  D.  j        .    ^      . 

Richard  Waplod,  alias  Martyn,         "] 

Richard  Coventre,  alias  Haberley,    / 

John  London,  alias  Chyld,  f     '         ' 

John  Rotheram,  alias  Gierke,  j 

John  Bolton,  alias  Grene,  1 

Thomas  Stoke,  alias  Aldyryche,  J 

John  Ramfay,  alias  Elyott, 

William  Gedney,  alias  Dawfon, 

John  Ufford,  alias  Prior,  1^6 /.  13X.  ^d>  each> 

Thomas  Grantham,  alias  Grcneham,    I 

Ptichard  Ufford,  alias  Halle,  J. 

William  Tofte,  alias  Skyrwyke, 

Nicholas  Sutton,  alias  Hume, 

William  Bardney,  alias  Sarratt,  ^  - 

John  Halyngton,  alias  Smyth,   '' 

William  Bucknall,  alias  Coots, 

William  Bough, 

*^L  5  Robert 


♦77         THE    HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S 


Robert  Stauiforde,  alias  Townefende, ,     ,  ^      ^  , 
Peter  Freeiton,  alias  Claye, 
William  Chefterton,  alias  Gotobed,  "J 


''[5/.  6  s. 


John  Cotenham,  alias  Ray nes,         (    /        1 
Robert  Portyngton,  alias  Shypton,  r*^  ■ 
William  Denton,  alias  Grene,         J 

'*  Thomas  Crowland,  alias  Parker,  appointed  to  ferve  the  cure- 
<'  of  Crowland,  to  have  for  his  labor  therein  10/.  for  his  pentioii 
<*  duryng  hys  lyfF,  to  be  payd  foure  tyme  in  the  yere  at  the  hands 
"  of  the  fermor  there  ;  and  alfo  to  have  a  chamber  there  called 
**  the  mafter  of  the  works  office,  being  the  yerlie  value  of  5  /. 
*'  by  the  yere;  the  firft  payment  of  the  feyd  pention  to  begyn  at 
"  our  Lady-daye  next  enfuing.      10/. 

"  Sum  322/,   13J.  ^.d,   ' 

"•Signed, 

"  Phylyp  Parys. 
"  Jo.  Tregonwell. 
"  Jo.  Hughes '•■■%" 

•*  WillisMitr.  Abb.  I.  Appendix,  p.  55,  57. 


P.  136,1. 22,  Ethelbald  (fee  p.  5)  was  on  the  throne  from  716  to  758, 


All 


OF      C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D  -  A  B  B  E  Y.  77 

All  the  books  that  ftriick  Leland  in  this  houfe  were, 

Roger  Dymmoc  againft  WitlifFe, 

Waleys  on  the  Pialter, 

Robert  Tumbeley  on  Solomon's  Song, 

Fulcher  and!  ,^.  ^     . 
„       .  ,  >Hiitones, 

Turpin  s        J 

A  hillory  of  king  Richard  in  verfe. 

The  feal  of  this  houfe,  as  given  by  Reyner,  p.  2 1 5,  and  Fuller, 
p.  223,  engraved  in  Tanner's  Notitia  xciii.  bore  quarterly  i.  4. 
Three  St.  Bartholomew's  knives;  2.  3.  Three  St.  Guthlac's 
whips.  But  in  an  Aflimolean  MS.  N"  763.  there  is  another 
coat  G.  a  crofs  flory  O  within  a  border  azure,  enealuron"'-'  of  nine 
crofs  croflets  A.  So  alfo  in  Mr.  Cole's  colieilions  from  a  roll  of 
the  lords  of  parliament. 

The  fite  of  the  abbey  was  granted,  probably  with  the  manor 
of  Croyland,  and  the  demefne  lands  thereto  belonging,  by  letters 
patent,  4  Edward  VI.  to  EdwardXax^  Clinton. 

Charles  II.  by  letters  patent  under  the  great  feal  of  England, 
bearing  date  September  15th,  in  the  twenty-third  year  of  his 
reign,  did  grant  to  Sir  Thomas  Orby  (who  attended  his  majelf  y  in 
his  exile)  his  executors,  adminiftrators,  and  afligns,  the  manor 
of  Crowland,  otherwife  Croyland,  all  demefne  lands,  and  all 
farm  rents  of  the  tenants  by  copy  of  court  roll,  amounting  to  the 
yearly  fum  of  15/.  \os.  2~d.  or  thereabouts,  with  all  other 
rights  and  profits  belonging  to  the  faid  manor ;  and  alio  the 
great  Marfli  called  Great  Purfant^  containing  by  eftimation  6543 
acres  more  or  lefs  (excepting  the  marflies  or  wafte  grounds 
called  Gog  IJland  and  Alderlands)  for  lixty  years  from  June  27, 
1695,   at  the  yearly  rent  of  1 7  8 /.  I5J-.  Q*  d.      The   faid  manor, 

*  Enealuron  is  a  term  ufed  to  exprefs  a  bordure  cbargecl  with  eiglit-  birds,  but 
condemned  by  fome  heraldic  writers  as  only  an  erroneous  corruption  of  the  i'rcnch 
word  en  orle,  i.  e.  in  form  of  a  bordure.     J.  C.  Brooke. 

lauds  J., 


73  THE     II  I  S  T  O  II  Y     A  N  D     A  N  T  I  Q^U  IT  I  E  S 

lands,  Sec.  afterwards  came  to  Sir  Charles  Orby^  bart.  the  eldeft 
fon  of  the  nbovcfaid  Sir  Thomas,  and  at  the  deceafe  of  the 
laid  Sir  Charles,  to  Sir  Thomas  Orby  the  younger  fon  of  the 
abovefaid  Sir  Thomas  the  grantee  or  leflee  of  the  fame  premifes, 
for  the  refidue  of  the  faid  term  then  unexpired  ;  who  after- 
wards affigned  the  fame  unto  Robert  Hunter  ••■,  efq.  his  executors, 
Sec.  which  faid  Robert  married  Ehzabeth,  the  widow  of  lord 
Hayes,  and  the  daughter  and  only  child  of  the  faid  Sir  Thomas 
the  fon,  and  was  a  major-general,  and  appointed  by  queen  Anne 
governor  of  New  York  in  America,  and  during  his  government 
there,  was  dire6led  by  her  majefty  to  provide  fubiifhence  for 
about  3000  Palatines  ^-^  fentfrom  Great-Britain  to  be  employed  in 
railing  and  manufa6furing  naval  ftores  ;  and  by  an  account 
ftated  in  1734,  ^^  appears  that  the  faid  Robert  had  difburfed 
aoGoo/.  and  upwards  in  that  undertaking,  no  part  of  which 
was  ever  paid  to  the  faid  Robert  or  his  reprefentatives.  Upon 
the  death  of  the  faid  Robert  in  1734,  ^^^  ^^^  Tthomas  Orby  Hunter, 

*  Author  of  the  celebrated  "  Letter  onEnthufiafm,"  and,  if  Coxeter  is  right  in 
his  rvlS.  conje<fl:ure  in  the  title  page  of  the  only  copy  extant,  of  a  farce  called 
*'  Androboros."  See  Biogr.  Diamat,  I.  25  i.  He  was  appointed  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Virginia  in  1708,  but  taken  by  the  French  in  his  voyage  thither. 
Two  excellent  letters,  addrefled  to  Colonel  Hunter  at  Paris,  are  in  the  twelfth 
volume  of  the  Dean's  Works,  by  one  of  which  it  appears  that  the  Letter  on 
Enihunafm  had  been  afcribed  to  Swift.  In  17 10  he  was  appointed  governor 
of  New  York,  and  fent  with  2700  Palatines  to  fettle  there.  He  returned  to 
England  in  1719  ;  and  on  the  acceflion  of  George  II.  was  continued  governor  of 
New  York  and  the  Jerfeys.  On  account  of  his  health,  he  obtained  the  government 
of  Jamaica,  where  he  arrived  in  February  1727-8;  died  iVIarch  oi^x,  1734;  and  was 
buried  in  that  illand.  His  epitaph,  written  by  the  Rev.  jNlr.  Fiemming,  is  here 
fubjoined : 

"  Hie  charae  lecumbunt  exuviae  otium  cum  dignitatc  ct  elegantia  cxercuit. 

RoEERTl   Hunter,  Hie  trgo,  Icftor  candide, 

hujus  infuliE  nupci-rime  przefcfti ;  ad  defuntti  tumulum 

qui    nihil    a    patrum    gloria  mutuatus  laudis  pende  veftigalia 

fu.i:  nobilitatis   virtute  cmicuit.  qu«    viventis    verecundia 

mira;  corporis  pulchritudini  acciperc  non  fuftinuit 

fuaviratcm  iiigcnii,  Huic  doloiis  dchitum  polKri 

rerum  &  littraium  fcienriae  lachrymaruni  fluftu  Iblvitc, 

nioruni  comitatcm  adjecit.  qui  dum  publicam  falutem 

In  bcllo  illurtris,  ibllicitus)  curarct 

ncc  in  pace  minus  iiilignis,  fuam  fatigatus  dcperdidit." 
negotium  cum  fapicntia  et  fortitudine, 

T  The  number  dated  in  the  alienating  aft. 

efq. 


OF       C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D  -  A  B  B  E  Y.  79 

efq.  became  veiled  in  the  refidne  of  the  faid  terra  unexpiied  by 
the  late  \\  ill  of  his  faid  father  Robert.  On  February  1 4, 1  9  George 
II.  the  faid  manor,  See,  were  granted,  by  letters  patent,  to  the 
faid  Thomas  Orby  Hunter,  his  executors,  &:c.  for  eleven  years, 
to  commence  from  June  24,  1755,  ^^  Nvhich  time  the  term 
granted  by  Charles  II.  did  expire,  at  the  ancient  yearly  rent  above- 
mentioned,  payable  half  yearly.  And  the  faid  king  further 
granted  by  letters  patent  dated  June  22,  in  the  19th  year  of 
his  reign,  to  the  faid  Thomas  Orby  Hunter,  his  executors,  8:c. 
the  faid  manors,  &:c.  for  the  term  of  nine  years  and  three  quar- 
ters of  a  year,  to  commence  from  June  24,  1769,  paying  the 
yearly  rent  abovementioned,  in  the  manner  aforefaid.  After 
this,  in  the  year   of  the  faid   king's  reigii,   the  faid  manor, 

Slc,  by  virtue  of  an  a6t  of  parliament  then  palTed,  were  alienated 
from  the  crown  by  the  faid  king's  grant  to  the  faid  Thomas 
Orby  Hunter  and  his  heirs,  paying  the  aforefaid  rent,  and  alfo 
fuch  additional  rent,  in  lieu  of  a  fine  or  confideration  money  for 
the  purchafe  of  the  premifes  as  was  to  be  afcertained  by  the 
proper  officers  of  the  crown  for  the  time  being,  on  St.  Michael 
and  Lady  day  in  every  year,  by  equal  portions,  to  his  faid 
majefty,  his  heirs,  Sec.  at  the  receipt  of  the  exchequer  of  his 
faid  majeify,  his  heirs,  &c.  After  the  death  of  the  abovefaid 
Thomas  Orby  Hunter,  which  happened  October  20,  1769, 
this  manor,  &c.  defcended  by  a  devife  in  his  laft  will,  to  Cbarks 
Orby  Hunter,  efq.  his  eldeft  fon,  who  being  unable  to  difcharge 
the  heavy  mortgage  with  which  the  lame  had  been,  in  time 
of  the  faid  Orbies,  encumbered,  the  Mortgagee,  about  five  years 
fince,   entered  into  poffefflon  of  the  fame. 

By^  no  account  have  we  been  able  to  collect  who  was  in  pof- 
felTion  of  this  manor.  Sec.  before  the  faid  family  of  the  Orbies. 
In  the  interval  between  them  and  the  lord  Clinlon,  no  pofieflbr 
appears  except  Valentine  Walton  and  Adrian  Serope^  two  of  the 
regicides,  who  purchafed  (of  whom  does  not  appeai-)  the  manor 

of 


8o'  THE    HISTORY     AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

of  Croyland  and  part  of  the  manor  of  Spalding,  being  parcel  of 
the  queen  mother's  jointure  *.  They  were  reftored  to  the  queen 
mother  by  parliament,  23  June,  1660  t. 

Mr.  Ray,  who  was  here  in  166 1,  rode  from  Croyland  to  Spald- 
ing upon  a  very  firm  bank  for  the  fpace  of  eight  miles,  thrown, 
tip  by  Col.  Walton  |. 

In  the  year  1643,  the  town  of  Croyland  was  by  the  inhabitants 
thereof  made  a  garrifon  for  the  king,  which  they  had  great  rea- 
Ibn  to  do,  not  only  to  fliew  themfelves  good  fubjeds,  but  good 
tenants,  they  holding  their  lands  of  him.  April  14,  that  year, 
came  the  parliament  forces  to  Peterborough,  in  order  to  the 
befieging  of  Croyland.  Cromwell  himfelf  lay  at  Peterborough 
with  a  regiment  of  horfe  to  carry  on  the  fiege.  A  company 
of  foot  came  thither  before,  under  col.  Hubbart,  raifed  by  par- 
liament in  the  affociated  counties  for  the  fame  purpofe.  The 
town  was  taken  on  the  9th  of  May  following,  and  Cromwell 
and  his  forces  marched  away  to  Stamford  ||. 

Mr.  Ray  defcribes  the  church,  i.  e.  part  of  the  body,  the 
choir  and  crofs  buildings  being  all  fallen  down,  "  as  having  the 
roof  within  covered  with  wood  curiouily  gilded,  part  of  which 
now  hangs  in  a  houfe  in  the  town,  and  round  about  and  on 
the  fides  underneath  the  roof  artificially  carved  many  fpecies 
of  animals,  both  beafls  and  birds.  In  the  time  of  the  late 
wars  this  church  was  made   a  garrifon,   and  held  for  the  king. 

*  A  large  near  m;ip  on  vellum,  coloured,  and  intitled  "  An  exaft  defcription  of 
"  part  of  Lincolnfliirclying  ar  Croyland,  parcel  of  the  queen's  joynture,  annis  11  & 
*'  12  Carol,  regis,  done  tor  her  ule,  by  Theophilus  Bird,  1660,"  given  to  the 
Spalding  Society  by  Beaupre  Bell,  Efq.  was  repaired,  by  Mr.  Grundy,  furveyor. 

f  Itin.  p.  134. 

I  Journals  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  Vill.  73. 

II  Gunton's  Hiflory  of  Peterborough,  92,  93,  333.  An  iron  ball,  weighing 
171b.  now  in  pofTeffion  of  the  rev.  Mr.  Scribo,  miniller  here,  with  a  great  number 
of  mufket  balls  thrown  there,  as  is  fnppofed  in  the  civil  war,  was  found  in  a  river 
in  this  town  when  fcoured  out  a  few  years  ago. 

A  When 


OF       C  II  O  Y   L  A  N  D  -  A  G  B  E  V.  Sr 

When  it  was  taken  by  the  I'arliament,  one  of  the  town  foldicrs 
affVighted  got  up  to  tlie  top  of  the  church,  above  the  wood 
wherewith  it  is  covered,  and  v^alked  along  till  he  came  to  a  place 
where  wanted  a  board;  there,  whether  calually  (lipping  down  (or 
being  aftonilbed  by  the  foldicrs  calling  upon  him  to  come  down) 
he  hung  a  long  time  by  the  arms,  till  at  laft  being  weary  he  fell 
into  the  church,  which  is  of  a  great  height ;  but  yet  was  not  fo 
dallied  to  pieces  by  the  fall,  but  that  he  lived  a  day  or  two." 

From  this  application  of  the  church  during  the  civil  war  we 
may  date  the  ruin  of  what  then  remained ;  for  it  had  probably 
been  reduced  to  the  iVate  in  which  Mr.  Ray  faw  it  by  fome  of  its 
lay  proprietors  after  the  dillblution,  when  the  nave  with  its  ailes 
was  left  Handing  for  a  parilli  church,  Mr.  Scribo  about  7  years 
ago  buried  an  old  man  near  90  years  old,  who  had  been  baptifed  in 
the  now  ruined  nave.  The  people  of  the  place  told  Mr.  Willis 
the  choir  extended  five  pillars  farther*,  perhaps  exclufive  of  the 
Lady  Chapel,  which  we  have  leen  was  on  the  north  fide,  as  at 
Glaftonbury  t;  Ofeney  j;  Chrift  Church,  Oxford,  now  the  Latin 
Chapel  §  ;  Peterborough,  pulled  down  16511!;  Thetford  priory  ■••■•••; 
St.  Edmund's  Bury  ft ;  St.  Bennet's  Holme  abbey  H  ;  andWalfuig- 
ham§§.  Befides  this  there  was  another  Lady  Chapel  on  the 
South  fide  of  the  church,  with  a  lofty  fcreen  j|j|. 

At  prefent  the  north  aile,  built  by  abbot  Bardeney  before 
1247  *••-'■%  ferves  for  the  parifli  church.  It  is  in  length  90  feet, 
and  in  breadth  24,  decently  fitted  up,  but  contains  no  remains 
of  anti(piity.  Six  arches  fupport  it  on  the  South  fitlc  :  the  roof 
has  groined  arches  ;  in  the  key  ftones  a  headj  a  rofe,  i|)^,  a  rebus 

*  Mr.  Willis  imagines  the  choir,   by  the  foundations  now  renraiaing,  extended 
200  feet  farther  in  length,  and  80  in  brecidth. 

t  Le).  It.  111.  86.  t  lb.  II.  20.  §  Willis,  Cath.  II.  400. 

II  lb.  II.  477.  **  Blonifield  1.  4+9-  ft  Archteol.  III.  312', 

:IX  William  of  Worcefler.  §§  Erafmus,  Dial, 

nil  Contin.  Hift.  Croyl.  p.  498.  ***  Willis, 

M  of 


82  T  H  E     HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

of  a  tree  iffuing  out  of  a  ton  for ,  a  flower,  and  the  let- 
ters engraved,  plate  II.  15.  The  font  is  o<?tagon,  adorned  with 
arch  work  and  rofes  on  the  bafe.  Agai nil  the  South  wall  is  a 
tablet  of  white  marble  with  a  border  of  black  and  grey  marble, 

In  memorv  of 

Mary  tlie  wile  of 

Zachariah    Fovargue*, 

who  departed  this  life  20  Feb. 

1763,  aged  29  years. 

From  the  wall  of  the  Ibnth  lide,  within  the  old  church,  pro- 
jects horizontally  a  wooden  angel  or  figure,  called  the  Devil  with 
a  dark  lantberri,  which  formerly  contributed  to  fupport  the 
roof  of  the  nave.  The  walls  have  bulged  fo  much  that  they  are 
fnpported  by  ftrong  bnttrelTcs  on  each  fide,  whofe  materials,  taken 
from  the  ruined  part  of  the  church,  will  haften  its  fall.  Within 
the  north  fide^  over  the  veftry,  has  been  built  a  fchool,  afcended 
to  formerly  by  the  fiairs  leading  into  the  finging  gallery,  but  now 
by  fteps  from  without  between  the  buttrefTest. 

On  the  weft  fide  of  the  fteeple  are  two  buttreffes,  with  a  fiiiall 
pillar  rifing  on  each.  On  the  top  of  that  pillar  which  is  on  the 
fouth  fide  of  the  porch  is  a  lion  with  his  face  towards  the  town  ; 
hut  on  the  pillar  on  the  north  fide  no  figure  now  remains^ 
Over  the  porch  hath  formerly  been  a  chamber  vvith  three  win- 
dows, and  on  the  right  fide  of  the  porch,  near  the  door  enter- 
ing into  the  belfry,  is  a  fmail  room,  anciently  ufed  as  a  charnel 
houfe  ;  and  oppofite  to  it,  on  the  left,  is  another,  to  m  hat  ufe 
anciently  appropriated  no  tradition  tells  us,  but  wherein,  as' 
many  old  inhabitants  inform  me,  there  was,  about  fifty  years 
ago,  one  Chrifto])her  Kitchen,  a  mad  man,  chained  to  a  poit, 
to  prevent  any  mifchief  that  might  enfue  from  hin^  to  the  in- 
habitants.    Thefe  rooms  have  been  for  fome  time  pad  Hopped  up. 

*  CouHn  geraian  to  Stephen  father  of  the  Rev.  Stephen  Fovdigue,  fellow  of 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  author  of"  A  New  Catalogue  ot  Vulgar  Errors, 
Cambridge,  1767,"  8vo. 

-j- The  Rev.  Mr.  Gouche,  re6>or,  communicated  to  the  Spalding  Society,  1724., 
the  ftate  of  Croyland  church,  as  laid  before  her  late  majefty. 

Within 


OF      C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D  -  A  B  B  E  Y.  S3 

Within  the  belfry,  on  the  fouth  fide,  is  a  door  opening  into 
the  old  church,  and  oppofite  to  this,  on  the  north,  another 
leading  into  the  north  church-yard.  Over  the  dpor  enteiing 
from  the  belfry  into  the  church,  were,  fome  years  lince,  two 
Itatues  on  wood  called  St.  David  and  St.  Chad,  which,  with  the 
confent  of  Mr.  Crawford,  then  ]l:eward  of  this  lordihip,  were 
taken  down,  carefully  put  into  mats,  and  caufed  by  the  late 
Dr.  Stukeley  to  be  carried  to  Stamford,  where  they  continued 
till  the  Doctor  removed  to  London,  when  they  were  conveyed 
to  the  garden  of  the  late  Adlard  Squire  Stukeley,  efq.  coufin  to 
the  Do«5lor,  at  Holbeach  in  this  county.  As  foou  as  you  have 
entered  into  the  church  you  fee,  on  the  right  hand,  a  kind  of 
a  cloftt  in  a  pillar ;  the  arch  of  which  clofet,  within,  is  exaclly 
of  the  fame  ftyle,  though  in  miniature,  with  that  of  tlie  roof 
of  the  church  :  at  the  bottom  is  a  circular  and  concave  ftone  or 
bafon,  which  hath  within  1  f(K)t  i|  inch  diameter  at  the  top, 
2  foot  I  inch  diameter  at  the  bottom,  and  2  foot  |  inch  in  depth. 
It  has  a  round  hole  at  the  center  of  the  bottom,  and  many 
cracks  in  its  fide  and  bottom.  This  hath  been  fuppofed  by  fome 
Antiquaries,  who  have  vifited  this  place,  to  have  formerly 
liolden  holy  ivater  ;  but  till  an  inftance  can  be  produced  of  any 
ifone  bafon  of  the  above  dimenfions,  and  which  would  contain 
the  fame  quantity  of  water,  applied  to  that  ufe,  I  fliall  believe  it 
to  have  been  anciently  a  baptiltery,  made  ufe  of  when  baptifm 
of  infants  was  in  general,  or  as  a  particular  occafion  might  re- 
fjuire,  adminiftered  by  immerfion,  and  conjefture  that  after  it 
would  hold  no  water,  by  realbn  of  the  faid  breaches,  made  by 
fome  accidents,  the  font,  now  {landing  near  it,  was  erected. 
The  quantity  of  25  gallons  of  water  which  this  bafon,  by  cal- 
culation, will  appear  to  have  holden,  in  its  prim-itive  and  found 
ftate,  was  fufficient  to  have  fprinkled  and  croffed  a  thoufand 
perfons  more  than  can  be  fuppofed  to  have  ever  attended  her<; 
for  its  benefit. 

M  2  Oppofite 


§4  THE     HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S 

O Impolite  to  the  above  inenntioned  clofet  are  the  flairs  leading 
into  a  gallery,  which  is  divided  for  the  life  of  the  fingers,  la- 
bourers, and  fcrvants  of  this  pari  111.  Under  theie  flairs  and  a 
part  of  the  above  gallery  is  an  inclofed  burial  place  of  the  Crazv- 
fords,  an  ancient,  and  formerly,  a  very  honorable  family,  in 
the  town  of  Air  in  Scotland  ■'■•.  Having  paffed  under  this  gallery, 
you  fee,  on  the  North,  two  other  galleries,  in  the  pafl'age  to 
which,  on  the  Weft,  is  the  veftry.  Thefe  galleries  and  veflry 
are  in  a  building  which  projects  northward  from  the  flrait  line 
of  the  north  wall  of  the  church,  with  a  roof  much  lower  than 
that  which  is  over  the  church,  and  appears,  by  the  imperfedf 
and  irregular  joining  of  the  wall  witli  the  laid  north  wall,  to 
have  been  erected  after  the  prefent  church.  The  pulpit,  made 
of  Norway  oak,  with  the  reading  delk,  is  placed  againfl  the 
fouth  wall,  and  almofl  oppofite  to  thefe  is  an  arched  opening, 
wherein  hath  been  a  door  into  the  north  church  yard,  but 
which  is  now  flopped  up.  At  the  diflance  of  about  feven  yards 
from  the  altar,  is  an  old  fcrecn  curioufly  carved,  and  which  ap- 
pears to  have  been  highly  gilded  and  painted.  The  afcent  to 
the  altar  is  by  two  fteps,  on  the  higheft  of  which  is  a  handfome 
balkiflrade  of  Norway  oak,  furrounding  the  altar  on  three  fides; 
and  above  the  altar  is  a  large  window  towards  the  Eaft,  The 
church  is  well  furnidied  with  lilver  plate,  having  a  quart  chalice, 
and  a  large  and  a  fmall  paten,  with  a  large,  handfome,  and 
IcoUoped  bafon  for  baptifnis,  on  fome  of  which  are  engraved  the 
arms  of  the  abbots  of  this  place. 

hi  the  veftry,  among  mouldy  parifli  accounts,  I  found  the 
map  of  part  of  the  parifli  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  Welland,  en- 
graved here,  and  the  lift  of  antient  records,  now  gone,  printed 
in  the  Appendix, 

*  John  Crawford,  efq;  of  Crovland,  was  fiev.'?rd  of  th's  lordfl.ipj  and  defied  a 
member  ol  the  Spalding  Society  17:7. 

From 


ri.m.p.iU. 


Wuti'llC/tSC 

{'cnn  pur. 


Copy  of  an  Old  Map  in  tliePaiilli  Cheit  at  Croylajid 


O  F     C:  K  ()  Y  L  A  N  D  -  A  C  3  K  Y.  85 

From  the  top  of  the  tcnvcr  may  be  fceii  in  a  clear  day  Pe- 
terborough minller,   Thorney,   Sec. 

The  nave  of  the  old  ehurch  is  144  feet  long  Ijy  28  wide,  ex- 
clufive  of  the  fouth  aile,  which  is  i  2  feet  wide ;  fo  that  the  pa- 
rilh  church  probably  includes  more  than  the  north  aile,  which 
otherwife  would  be   twice   as  wide   as  the  fouth. 

On  each  fide  of  the  nave  are  nine  pointed  arches  near  eleven 
feet  wide,  alternately  round,  hexagon,  and  concave,  whofe  pillars 
are  cluitered  like  thofe  of  the  nave  at  Weftminfter,  but  fmallcr  ; 
and  from  the  ground  to  the  top  of  tlie  prefent  walls,  which  want 
but  little  of  the  height  on  which  the  roof  relied,  is  25  yards. 
One  of  thefe  fine  pillars  is  miferably  cracked.  Eight  •••  windows 
of  the  clerertory  on  the  fouth  fide  remain  with  all  their  tracery, 
except  in  the  fifth  from  the  well,  with  theltone  bafes  of  arches  that 
fupported  the  roof;  but  on  the  north  fide  they  have  been  throv/n 
down  on  repairing  the  church  about  thirty  years  ago,  from  an 
apprehenfion  that  their  rocking  would  weaken  the  church.  An 
attempt  w^as  made  not  many  years  fince  to  pull  down  a  whole  win- 
dow, the  firfl  from  the  weft,  but  juft  as  it  was  nodding  to  its  fall 
the  rope  broke.  The  arch  entering  this  nave  is  adorned  with 
Gothic  nich- work,  of  the  ftyle  ufed  in  the  reign  of  Henrv  VI. 

The  pilafters  which  fupported  the  roof  of  the  fouth  aile  remain 
about  6  feet  high.  At  the  eaft  end  of  this  aile  is  a  door  ftopped  up 
that  led  into  the  cloifter,  the  arch  angular,  adorned  with  mafhve 
zigzag,  and  behind  it  a  pointed  arch  of  later  date,  fided  by  a 
leffer  pointed  arch.  There  was  another  door  near  the  weft  end. 
The  arch  of  the  prefent  eaft  window,  which  was  the  weft  arch 
of  the  tower,  has  two  rows  of  doul}le  zigzag,  and  on  the 
outfide  a  third  of  dentals.  The  capitals  of  the  two  pillars  difler  : 
that  on  the  fouth  fide  is  made  up  of  Greek  mouldings,  beautifully 
diminilhing,  that  on  the  north  fide  of  Saxon  foliage,  Sec.  I'ait 
of  an  arch  in  the  north  wall  beautiful  leafage,     ^^'il:hin  tlie  great 

*  In  King's  print  eleven. 

ar^ik 


So  THE     HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  Q_U  I  T  I  E  S 

arch  is  a  ("mail  ob-long  \\  iaclow  of  eight   or  nine  bays,   in  double 
rows;    under  this  a  fallia  of  quatrefoils  ;   below  that  two  doors*' 
itoppcd   up,   and   above  them   the    defaced    remains  of  a   Ihort 
infcription  in  black  letter.      Within   the  memory  of  the  prefent 
fexton  a  confiderable  part  of  the   Lord's   prayer  and  Creed  was 
legible  on  this  dlviilon  wall.      The  back  part  of  this  lower  divifion 
is  adorned  with  rows  of  arches  in  relief,   with  defaced  fliields  and 
quatrefoils  over  them,   and  againft  the  doors  are  tv.o  buttrefles. 
'This  was   a  fcreen  feparating  the  nave  and  the   choir,   anil  by 
the  Ityle  of  the  ornaments,  ap[)ears  to  be  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VI. 
but  contrary  to  the  ufual  mode,  it  was  under  the  weft  arch  of  the 
tower.      On  each  fide  the  great  w'elf  door  within  was  a  lofty  arch, 
that  on   the  north  fide  hid  by  a  monifrous  buttrefs  built  againft 
the  prefent  church. 

The  fmall  remains  of  the  fouth  ailc,  its  weft  end,  preferve 
the  Norman  ftyle  of  archite<5fure  in  four  ftories  of  fmall  arches. 
The  firrt  five  from  the  ground  have  zigzag  arches,  and  among 
the  rude  ornaments  cut  in  over  them,  one  fees  a  compafs  and 
two  circles  as  here  reprefented,  plate  II.  fig.  13.  to  which  cor- 
refponds  on  the  other  fide  the  rude  figure  at  14,  which  Mr  Effex 
conjedures  reprefents  the  leiuls  or  inftrument  for  raifing  ftone  by 
with  its  cords.  The  fecond  row  of  fliorter  round  pillars  has  five 
blunt  pointed  arches  ;  over  thefe  five  more  round  pillars  with  in- 
terlaced arches  within  three  femicircles,  and  over  all  a  pointed 
arch  between  three  round  ones,  without  any  j)illars.  There 
was  another  row  of  pointed  arches  above,  intire  1726.  This 
part  of  the  building  a})pears  to  have  been  a  cafing  to  an  older  a 
wall,  which  is  feen  behind  it,  and  a  confiderable  cavity  between 
them  ;  but  there  is  nothing  fingular  in  this.  Time  and  froft 
may  have  feparated  the  outer  cafing  from  the  inner  parts  of  the 
wall.      The  interlaced  arches  on  little  pillars  are  not  fo  antient  as 

*  Thefe  doors  being  intended  for  the  piied:  to  come  out  to  cck'brate,  it  fliould 
feem  the  altar  was  placed  here  prior  to  the  diffokuion. 

3  the 


OF       C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D  -  A  n  R  E  Y.  gy 

the  ronnd  arches,  but  were  ufed  in  the  fame  building.  Thcfe 
arches  are  changed  into  fix  windows  in  King's  print,  where  this 
aile  is  reprefented  as  intire,  m  ith  its  leaden  roof,  ten  buttrelfes, 
and  feven  windows  :  under  the  windows  marks  of  art  hcs,  which 
may  have  belonged  to  the  cloifter,  whofe  pedelhds  lUU  remain. 
Two  lofty  fouth  windows  of  tlie  choir  are  alfo  fhewn,  and  of  tlie 
fouth  tranfept.  hi  every  other  inftance  the  whole  view  is  fo 
dillorted,  that  the  well:  front  of  the  nave  and  north  aile  are 
nearly  equal,  or  the  former  lefs  than  the  latter  ;  the  projeding 
porch  thrown  to  one  end  of  the  north  aile,  tlie  ligures  neither 
half  fo  numerous,  nor  fo  arranged  as  at  prefent-.  The  eaft 
window  of  this  arch  remains,  and  the  fweep  of  a  range  of  others 
on  the  welt  fide  of  the  fouth  tranfept.  The  fouth  wall  of  the 
fouth  aile  Mas  entire  when  Dr.  Stukeley  took  his  view,  1724,  antl 
when  Collins  of  Peterborough  and  S.  Buck  drew  it,  1726.  At 
the  welt  end  of  the  north  aile,  or  prefeiit  church,  the  Dr. 
placed  Si.  Nicholas' chapel  t.  The  fouth  buttrefs  of  the.  weft 
front  has  a  door-way  in  it,  which  Dr.  Stukeley  fuppofes;];  opened 
into  St.  Guthlac's  original  cell  and  chapel  at  the  weft  end  of  the 
South  aile  on  which,  he  fays,  the  buttrefs  is  built,  on  the  brick 
work  of  the  cell  on  rebuilding  the  church,  A.  D.  7  rO.  None  of 
this  brick  work  now  remains  ;  nor  is  there  much  probability  in 
his  fuppoff-ion. 

The  eaft  part  of  the  church  appears  to  have  been  built  by  ab- 
bot Richard  de  Croyland  between  1281  and  1303II.      The  north 

*  The  bed;  jipn!op;v  for  the  encon-.iiim  beflowed  by  Mr.  Willis  on  the  view  of 
this  building  iii  the  I^iionallicon,  that  "  we  cannot  form  to  omfelves  ;i  better  iJca  of 
"  the  magnificence  <  f  this  fabric  than  i'n.m  that  draugli'","  is.  that  there  \v;:s  no  otr.i  r 
poblifiicd  at  the  time  ;  for,  bke  ihar  of  Sherborne  and  Malmfbnrv  cb.virche?,  and  foine 
ethers  in  the  fame  uork,  it  may  pafs  for  any  thing  rather  than  u  hat  it  prolcflei  to  be. 

-!•  O.  If  m  the  Monalticoii. 

l  See  his  print  of  Croyband  Abbey.  Itin.  Cur.  II.  53.  in;end  d  for  his  account  of 
the  abbey  in  the  hrll  volume.   See  pi.  III.  engraved  from  his  drawings  on  a  larj^crfcaie. 

II 'Thcle  were  gone  when  King  made  the  print  tor  the  Monaflicon:  yet  they  are 
fopplied  in  Dr.  S;ukc!ey's  drawing.. 

and 


88  T  II  E     H  I  S  T  O  II  Y     A  N  D     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  3 

and  fouth  ailcs,  and  the  Lady  Chapel  ■'•■  on  the  north  llde,  by 
WilHam  de  Croylan.d,  mailer  of  the  works.  Of  this  not  the 
lead  trace  now  remains,  except  part  of  the  north  wall  uncafcd 
and  feparating  the  abl:>ey  yard  from  the  north  church  yard 
be  admitted ;  nor  can  one  pronounce  wdth  certainty  how  far 
it  extended,  the  whole  fite  being  deformed  with  digging  up  the 
rubbifli.  The  inquifitive  reader  muft  therefore  content  him- 
felf  with  the  annexed  ingenious  flcetch,  drawn  by  Mr.  Effex  from 
the  defcription,  p.  45.   (mifprinted.) 

The  weft  front,  which  proclaims  the  elegance  of  the  builders, 
and  is  probably  that  built  with  the  lower  part  of  the  nave  and  its 
ailes  by  William  de  Croyland  mafter  of  the  works,  in  the  time  of 
abbot  Upton  between  141 7  and  1427!,  is  adorned  with  rows  of 
the  moft  elegant  and  correct  llatues.  Almoft  over  the  point  of  the 
great  weft  w  indow  fits  St.  I'eter  with  his  keys,  and  at  his  left-hand 
was  St.  Paul  with  his  fword,  now  gone  with  part  of  the  wall  j,  as 
alfo  a  ftanding  and  a  fitting  figure  at  his  left-hand  ||;  to  which 
correfponded  another  fitting  figure  at  St.  Peter's  right-hand  hold- 
ing a  book  and   knife,   probably   St.    Matthias,   and  a   ft:anding 

*  Mr.  Willis  founJ  that  Thomas  and  Richard  VVelb}',  brothers,  were  interred 
in  the  Lady  church  at  Croyland  about  1490.     (Minutes  of  Spalding  Society). 

-]-  In  a  drawing  of  this  front  by  Dr.  Stukeley  in  the  pofTeffion  of  Mr.  Gongb, 
thefe  two  are  entire -,  thefirft  holding  a  palmer's  ftaff  tor  St.  James  the  Great,  the 
other  the  cup  and  dragon  for  St.  John. 

J  A  tower  beyond  the  choir  was  rebuilt  by  abbot  Mcrfti  before  1281.  Willis, 
l.eland's  words,  Coll.  III.  30.  I.  91.  relate  to  the  eaftern  part.  "  Ecclefia  quas 
"  nunc  extat  opus  fuit  Ingulphi  Normanni  ejufdem  monaflerii  abbaiis."  Rather 
of  Joffiid  his  fucceflbr,  1109. 

IJ  Willis,  Mit.  Ab.  I.  79.  From  the  manner  of  the  architeflure,  number  of 
images,  fculpture  in  relief,  and  other  glories  of  it,  as  defcrlbed  by  Sir  John  Har- 
rington's Chronicle  of  Croyland,  improved  by  Sir  Thomas  Lambert,  Mr.  Willis 
in  his  Hlftory  of  Mitred  Abbies,  and  the  antlent  inhabitants,  it  feems  probable 
that  the  weft  end  of  the  nave  was  at  lead  adorned  long  after  ;  perhaps  by  abbot 
Litlington  r.  Henry  VI.  though  fome  of  the  ftatues  there  placed  might  be  carved 
long  before.    M.  Juhnfon. 

figure 


[To  face  p.  to. 

A  plan  of  the  eaft  end  of  Croyland  abbey  church,  with  the  order  and  fituations  of  the 
Itones  as  they  were  hiid  on  the  feftival  (>f  St.  Perpetua  and  Felicitas,  March  7,  A.  D. 
II 13,  under  the  direction  of  prior  Odo,  architeft,  and  Arnold  a  lay- brother, 
malter-mafon. 

In  cono  capitis. 

1.  The  cad  Rone  to  the  left,  to  the  north     i.  S.  E.  Robert  earl  of  Leiccflcr. 


by  that  laid  by  earl  Ilobert. 
Simon  earl  of  Northampton. 
Next  N.  E.  Ralph  de  Bernak. 
Nest  N.  E.  Boaz  his  wife. 
The  next  N.  E.  Hclpo,  knt. 
Next  to  the  N.  Simon  a  knight,  and 

his  wife  Gizlan. 
6.  Next  to  the  N.  Sir  Reyner  de  Bathe 

and  his  wife  Goda. 


2. 

4- 
5- 


4- 


Next  to  the  S.  Baron  Walter  de  Can- 
tilupe  and  his  wife  Emicine. 

Next  to  the  S.  Sir  Alan  de  Fulbek. 

Next  to  theS.  Theodore  de  Bctheby, 
knt. 

5.  Near  his,  Lezeline  his  wife. 

6.  Next  to   the  S.  Turbrand,    knt     of 

Spalding. 


N.E.  S.E. 

N.  E.  corner  ftone,  the  fiifl  (lone  by     i.  S.E.  corner,  Robert  abbot  of  Thorney, 


Jeffrid  abbot  of  Croyland. 
The  eaftern,  Richard  de  Rulos. 
Next  to  the  Eaft,  Jeflery  Ridel,  knt. 
Next  it  to  theE.  Gei'e  his  wife. 
The  next,  JefFery  Ridel's  fifter  Avice. 


2.  Next  to  theE.  Alan  Croun. 

3.  Next,  Muriel  Alan  Croun's  wife. 
4. Maurice  their  eldeit  fon. 

5.  Maud  their  daughter. 


N.E. 


I. 


2. 


N.  W. 

The  fix 

Firft  pillar  N.  Hucktred  prieft  of  De- 

pyng,  and  1C4  of  his  town's  people. 

Second  N.  The   priefl  of  Taylington, 

and  60  of  his  town's  people. 

.  Third  N.  Stanard,  and  42  people  of 

Ulhngton. 

North  wall  N. 
By  the  abbot's  choir  after  the  abbot 
himfclf. 
C^  If  the  line  VY  E.  does  not  bear 


S.E. 


W. 

pillars. 


S.  W. 


1.  Firfl:  pillar  S.  Turr^ar   a  pried,    two 

deacons,  and  220   of  the   men  of 
Grantham. 

2.  Second  S.  Turkil  the  prief!:,  and  the 

people  of  Hocham. 

3.  Thirds.  Godfcall  prieft  of  Routzby, 

and  84  of  his  people. 
South  wall  S. 
By  the  prior's  choir  after  abbot  Robert, 
a  little  to  the  South  of  the  Ealt. 


OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D  -  A  B  B  E  Y.  89 

iigure  holding  a  lance,  probably  St.  Thomas.  To  the  right  of 
this  laft  are  two  more  whole-length  llatucs,  one  holding  a  crofs, 
the  other  has  its  hands  joined  holding  loaves •■•■.  Under  thefe,  two 
others  of  a  king  with  a  radiated  crown,  holding  in  his  right-hand 
a  fword,  the  hilt  only  remaining,  in  his  left  a  globe,  probably 
Athelbald,  and  a  gowned  figure  of  a  religions  hokling  in  its  right 
hand  a  broken  crofs,  and  in  its  left  a  bookt.  Under  thefe  a 
headlefs  figure  holds  a  broken  ftaff,  perhaps  a  crofier,  the  right 
hand  on  the  bread:,  orblelling,  and  by  him  a  knight  in  armour 
and  mantle,  his  pointed  helmet  incircied  by  a  coronet,  holds  a 
fword  in  his  right  hand,  his  left  on  his  breafl.  The  firft  of  thefe 
Dr.  Stukeley  took  for  abbot  Turketyl;);,  and  the  other  for  Wil- 
liam the  Conqueror.  The  lafi:  I  refer  to  earl  IValtheof.  Under 
thefe  is  a  young  biihop  pontifically  habited,  holding  in  his  left- 
hand  a  crofier,  and  lifting  up  his  right  to  blefs :  at  his  fide  a  figure 
in  a  mantle,  and  on  its  head  a  coronet;  on  the  breaft  a  fibula, 
and  the  hands  fupport  a  fringed  robe  1|. 

On  the  fouth  fide  of  the  window,  beginning  at  the  top,  arc 
two  figures  with  books ;  one  of  them  holding  a  club  reverfed,  the 
other  a  crofier  §.  Under  them  a  fliaven  religious,  holding  in  his 
right-hand  a  whip,  his  left  blefling.  This  is  the  whip  of  St. 
Bartholomew,  which  St.  Guthlac,  who  is  reprefented  by  this 
figure,  made  fvich  free  ufe  of,  and  which  was  preferved  as  a  re- 
lique  in  the  hovife.     At  his  feet  a  demon  proftrate,  alluding  to  the 

*  St.  Andrew  and  St.  Philip  both  holding  loaves.  Stuk. 

■f  Abbot  Kenulph.     Stuk. 

\  The  work,  over  his  head  falling  down  in  the  winter  of  1745,  carried  off  his 
mitred  head  and  the  top  of  his  crofier.  'I'his  head  was  engraved  by  Dr.  Stukeley, 
Pal.  Brit.  II.  36.  PI.  IV.  He  is  placed  next  to  St.  Pega,  as  having  turned  her  cell 
into  a  college  or  fchool  of  learning. 

Dr.  Stukeley  calls  thei'c  two  figures  qaeen  Maud  and  archbilhop  Lanfranc  ;  but 
thofe  great  perfonages  have  little  bufinefs  here. 

11  Dr.  Stukeley  calls  thefe  two  figures  abbot  Ingulphus  and  Alan  de  Creun,  lord 
of  Frefion. 

5  St.  James  the  Lefs  and  St.  Matthew.     Stuk. 

N  many 


9©  THE     HISTORY     AND     ANTIQUITIES 

many  temptations  he  endured  from  the  Devil,  and  overcame*. 
The  figure  at  his  left  hand  holding  the  hiit  of  a  fword  or  knife 
may  be  St.  Bartholomew  himfelft.  Under  thefe  is  a  female 
with  fomething  like  a  coronet  holding  a  crofs  in  her  left-hand, 
her  right  on  her  brealV,  jiointing  to  her  companion.  This  I 
take  for  St.  Pega^  Guthlac's  filter,  and  the  figure  by  her,  habited 
in  pontificals  with  a  crofier  and  book,  for  abbot  I'urketyl.  Under 
her  is  a  knight  in  complete  armour  with  a  coronet  round  his 
pointed  helmet,  and  refting  both  his  hands  on  a  battle-ax.  This 
I  take  to  be  earl  Skvard,  father  of  Waltheof,  and  the  animal  be- 
tween his  legs  to  be  the  dragon,  which  his  legend  fays  he  van- 
quifhed.  At  his  left  is  a  bifliop  in  pontificals,  his  right-hand 
blelfing,  his  left  holding  a  crofier,  which  may  be  Ingulphiis^  or 
Joffrid  his  fucceiTor,  who  were  fuch  confiderable  builders  here,  as 
the  other  mitred  figures  may  be  his  fucceffors  |,  and  all  the  upper 
rows  New  Teflament  faints.  In  the  fpandrils  of  this  window 
angels  held  Ihields  of  arms,   now  defaced. 

On  the  north  lide  of  the  weft  door  fits  a  defaced  figure  fetting 
its  right  foot  on  a  beaft,  and  by  it  a  headlefs  whole  length  of  a 
monk  girt  with  a  cord  and  {landing  on  a  headlefs  beaft,  and  in 
the  pedeffal  a  fmaller  figure  of  an  angel  headlefs ;  on  each  fide 
of  whom  are  Adam  and  Eve,  with  the  tree  of  life,  the  ferpent 
twining  round  it,  beautifully  carved  ;  and  under  all  a  half  figure 
holding  in  his  right-hand  a  lamb  reprefenting  Chrift,  the  fccond 
Adam.  A  fitting  figure  correl'ponded  on  thefouth  fide  (now head- 
lefs on  a  wall,  the  right-hand  on  a  book  open  on  its  knee)  and 
the  pedeftal  of  the  ftanding  figure  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  now  gone, 
is  an  angel  well  carved.      The  heads  hard    by    are  probably  of 

*  Dr.  Stukeley  prefented  to  the  Spalding  Society  a  drawing  of  "  Guthlaciis 
"  Gyrviorum  Antonius  ex  palcherrimu  ejus  ftatua  in  fronte  eccleiice  Croylandenfis, 
"   1746.     W.  Stuiceley  d." 

f  Dr.  Stukeley  reprefents  it  as  a  king  holding  a  fceptre,  and  calls  it  Witlaf. 

X  Mr.  Johnfon  fuj  poled  they  reprefented  the  fix  firfl  Saxon  kings  and  as  many 
abbots. 

raws 


OF      C  HOY  LAND-ABBEY.  91 

the  abbots  living  when  the  front  was  built.  In  the  arch  of  the 
door  a  qiiatrefoil  of  reliefs  of  the  hiftory  of  St.  Gnthlac  •■■•.  In 
the  firll  leaf  is  reprefented  a  boat  bringing  three  perfons  to  a 
tree  under  which  lies  a  fow  and  pigs.  In  the  right  leaf  is  a 
figure  coming  to  one  fitting,  behind  whom  is  a  ilaggon,  and  at  his 
feet  a  ball.  In  the  left  leaf  is  the  laint  cm  his  death-bed,  attended 
by  one  affiitant,  and  the  deity  or  an  angel  defcending  from  heaven. 
In  the  uppermoft  leaf  his  corpfe  is  carried  by  angels,  and  the 
deity  or  an  angel  defcending.  In  the  centre  are  two  figure  as 
of  a  monftrous  fwoln  demon  tempting  a  man.  Mr.  Willis  and 
Dr.  Stukeley  t  fay  all  thefe  groupes  were  formerly  gilded.  Some 
faint  traces  of  colours  may  ftill  be  dill:inguiflied.  The  \\hole 
front  and  ftatues  are  of  Bernack.  ragg,  a  brown  gritty  ftonc, 
coarferthan  free-flone  j  the  reft  of  the  church  of  a  whiter  ftone 
from  Ketton. 

Befides  the  drawing  of  this  weft  front  before  mentioned 
made  by  Dr.  Stukeley,  which  is  probably  only  a  copy  of  one 
which  he  gave  to  the  Spalding  Society,  and  another  to  his  bro- 
ther Samuel  Gale,  Thomas  Orby  Hunter,  efq  ;  lord  of  the  manor, 
began  an  exa6t  drawing  on  a  larger  fcale  than  that  by  Buck  or 
Millecent,  and,  fo  far  as  Mr.  Johnfon  faw  of  it,  very  accurately 
and  elegantly  performed |. 

*  Each  compartment  and  the  foliage  are  fet  in  feparate  flones,  now  gaping  wide. 
Mr.  Bogdani  gave  the  Spalding  Society,  September  26,  1731,  drawings  on  a 
large  fcale  of  the  welt  door  and  five  compartments  over  it ;  as  did  Dr.  Stukeley 
drawings  of  the  fame  in  Indian  ink,  on  a  ftill  larger  fcale,  with  this  infcription  ; 
"  Societati  literatorum  Spaldyngenfium  monumentum  hoc  vere  venerandum  a£lo- 
"  rum  beati  Guthlacl  delineatum  in  fronte  ecclcfite  Croylandcnfis  offert  VV.  Stuke- 
*'  ley,  1746."  Mr.  Bogdani  and  Mr.  M.  Johnfon  made  on  the  fpot,  1738,  draw- 
ings of  the  great  ox-eye  arch  vmder  the  weft  window,  the  great  oaken  gates  and 
hiftory  of  St.Guthlac  over  them,  in  five  compartments  carved  in  (lone,  alto  releivo, 
anciently  painted  and  gilded. 

•f  Itin.  I.  31. 

:{:  Mr.  Johnfon  had  an  old  vellum  map  made  before  the  diflblution  (q.  if  that 
called  the  abbot's  old  map.  Brit.  Top.  1.  537)  in  which  the  abbey  church  is  de- 
pifted  not  unlike  the  remains  of  it,  or  what  tfom  the  remains  vva  may  well  judge  it 
to  have  been, 

N    2  Such 


92  THE     HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

Such  is  the  prefent  appearance  of  this  once  naagnificent  flruc- 
ture — ftill  in  its  ruins  the  wonder  of  travellers.  The  ill-judged  di- 
lapidation of  a  large  buttrefs  on  the  fouth  lide  for  materials  to  form 
bvittreffes  to  prop  the  prefent  church,  has  occafioned  an  alarming 
fettlement  of  the  beautiful  front.  One  of  the  upper  fouth  windows 
was  on  the  point  of  being  hauled  down  had  not  the  rope 
liroke  :  one  of  the  noble  fouth  pillars  now  gapes  with  a  fearful 
crack  ;  and  large  niaffcs  of  ftones  continvially  crumble,  or  are 
blown  down  from  the  top.  The  prefent  redlor  has  influence 
enough  to  check  further  demolition ;  and  may  his  influence,  or 
influence  like  his,  long  prevail  ! 

hi  a  MS.  furvey  of  the  churches  in  Lincolnfliire,  in  the  Britifli 
Mufeum,  N^  68 29,  thefe  coats  are  defcribed  in  the  win- 
dows of  this  church  : 

G.  three  keys  O. 

Az.  three  crofles  portate  A. 

Lofenge  O  and  G.      Croun. 

Lofenge  S,  and  Ermine.     Patten. 

France  and  England,  imp.  G.  two  barrs  Az.  fix  martlets  O. 

G.  three  croffes  botone. 

G.  a  crofs  patonce,  O.  LatyTner. 

Vj.  a  crofs  crufilly  fltche,   a  lion  rampant  A.      La  IVarr. 

G.  a  bend  and  two  bendlets  above Grelle. 

O.  a  faltire  engrailed  S.      Botetourt. 

Cromwell  quartering  I'atteJJjale. 

Barry  of  lix  A.  and  Az.  in  chief  three  lozenges,  G.  a  mullet 
for  difference.     FlemtJiing. 

A z.  a  bend,   O.      Scrope. 

A.  a  fefs,  G.  in  chief  three  torteauxes.     Devereux. 

A.  a  chevron  between  three  martlets,  S. 

S.  a  fret  A.     Harri?2gton. 

Willugbby. 

A.  a  crofs  moline,   S. 

A.  a 


OF      C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D  -  A  B  B  E  Y.  93 

A.  afaltireG. 

Az.  a  faltire,   A. 

Bourchier  quartering  Lovain, 

Vere. 

Az.  an  eftoile  A. 

The  laft  imp.  Vaire  O.  and  G.     Ferrers. 

O.  a  chevron  G.  on  a  bordure,  Az.  eight  mitres  O.  bifliop 
Stafford. 

A.  a  fefs  G.  between  three  popinjays,    V.      Lu?nky. 

Az.  a  chevron  between  three  gerbes,  O. 
N     G.  a  faltire  A.      Nevile. 

France  and  England  in  a  border  A. 

Old  France  and  England,  a  label  of  three  points  Ermine. 

Ditto  with  a  label  of  three  points,  A. 

Ditto  on  a  border,   A.  fleurs  de  lis  O. 

A.  a  chevron  between  3  griffins  heads  erafed,  G.    Tthrey, 

Roos. 

A.  twobarrs  and  a  canton. 

G.  a  crofs  patonce  in  a  border,  A. 

G.  a  fefs  between  fix  fleurs  de  lis,   A. 

G.  bezante,  a  canton  Ermine.      Zoucb. 

On  the  bells. 

In  multis  annis  rejonat  campana  Johannis. 
Slim  rofa  pulfata  mundi  Maria  vocaia. 
Hac  campana  beat  a  I'rinitati  Jacrata, 

The  Rev.  Bernard  Goche,  re6tor  of  Croyland,  complained  to 
Mr.  M.  Johnfon,  lleward  of  the  manor,  of  a  mod:  notorious  and 
fcandalous  abufe  in  the  tenant  to  the  grantee  of  the  fcite  of  the 
conventual  buildings  and  cloillers,  who  had  dug  up  above  a  dozen 
ftone  coffins,  wherein  fome  reverend  prelates  of  that  church,  his 
predeceffors,  or  other  noblemen,  were  depofited  and  interred,  fcat- 

tering 


9+  THE     HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S 

tering  their  bones  on  the  furface  of  the  earth,  and  projjofing  to 
fell  them  for  hog  troughs  or  other  vile  ufes.  Mr.  Johnfon  went 
to  the  fi)ot,  and  was  an  eye  witnefs  to  this  devaftation  •-■•'•.  The 
better  to  prevent  it  in  future,  and  to  fecure  the  beautiful  weft 
front  from  fuch  fordid  dilapidation,  Mr.  Johnfon  obtained  of  Mr. 
Hunter  the  grantee  an  exclufive  grant  of  the  weft  front,  and  its 
ftatues  and  ornaments. 

hi  Mr.  Whitfed's  yard,  near  the  church,  is  a  ftone  coffin, 
ufed  for  a  pump  trough,  having  a  hole  in  the  bottom  about  the 
middle,  three  hexagon  circular  bafes  of  pillars,  and  a  ftone  block 

of  this    form      \      /   of   which  laft    there  is    another  in    the 

town.  An  alabafter  head  was  difcovered  by  Dr.  Dinham  of 
Spalding,  fixed  on  the  houfe  of  Mr.  Bromfield  Belgrave,  on  the 
fouth-weft  fide  of  the  bridge. 

In  the  prefent  church  were,  1762,  feveral  heads  which  had 
fallen,  and  were  intended  to  ornament  the  houfe  of  the  church- 
warden, then  building ;  alfo  an  angel  of  oak,  large  as  life,  on 
which  a  rafter  of  the  roof  refted.  Numbers  of  carved  ftones  are 
continually  beat  to  pieces,  with  other  rubbifli,  for  fand. 

Not  a  trace  can  be  difcovered  of  the  monaftic  apartments,  ex- 
cept that  they  ranged  on  the  foiith  fide  of  the  church,  and  were 
bounded  on  the  fouth  by  a  rill  of  water,  whofe  obftrudted  chan- 
nel is  fcarcely  to  be  feen.  The  area  is  covered  with  hillocks  of 
ruins,  which  have  been  frequently  dug  into  for  ftone,  but  have 
been  lately  deferted  for  materials  more  eafily  obtained  from  the 
ruins  above  ground.  The  great  number  of  fmall  ftones  now  to 
be  feen  on  two  pieces  of  land  on  the  Eaft  and  South  of  the  abbey 
yard,  fliew  that  on  thefe  lands  buildings  have  been  ereded  and 
come  to  decay. 

*  Minutes  of  the  Spalding  Socjcty. 
<?  Mr. 


OF      CROYF,  AND-ABBEY.  95 

Mr.  Johnfon  exhibited  at  the  Spalding  Society  the  imprclliou 
of  an  intnglia  in  a  large  amethyft,  antique  ;  it  leemed  intended 
to  reprefent  Apollo  with  his  bow  and  quiver  hanging  at  his 
back,  and  was  found  in  the  great  aile  of  Croyland  minfter.  The 
ftone  had  been  broken  in  two  near  the  top,  and  was  very  clum- 
lily  fet.  It  was  in  the  poffeflion  of  Mr.  Belgrave  of  Croyland  *. 
Mr.  Johnfon  alfo  communicated  a  copy  of  the  charter  of  Henry 
III.  a.  r.  39.  to  the  abbot  and  convent  of  Croyland  for  a  fair  of 
eight  days,  July  10,  1255,  at  their  manor  of  Quapplade,  on 
the  Aflumption  and  Vigil  of  the  Blelied  Virgin,  and  a  mcrcatc 
every  Saturday,   wath  the  ufaal  claufe  ;z/// ?;^^/t^/.    8cc. 

At  the  fame  fociety  were  exhibited  two  Imall  round  pieces  of 
lead  found  in  a  coffin  at  Croyland  ;  on  one  fide  feemed  to  be  the 
head  and  v/ord  SAVIOR  :  on  the  reverfe  hearts,  and  round  them, 
an  illegible  legend. 

Alfo  a  drawing  of  a  round  ragftone  capital  of  a  column  of  a 
plain  grand  tafte,  of  no  order,  formerly  pait  of  the  abbey  build- 
ings, and  by  Mr.  Johnfon  compared  with  that  of  the  temple  of 
Juno  at  Samos,  engraved  in  Tournefort-s  Voyage,  vol.  II.  p.  123. 
French  edition. 

There  was  dug  up  in  Croyland  a  brafs  ave  inaria  piece,  on 
one  fide  ll)jS,  on  the  other  a  crofs  lieure  ;  alfo  a  large  and  broad 
iron  tilting  fpar,  with  a  ftrait  and  long  heel,  and  rowel  of  fix 
long  f pikes. 

Dr.  Stukeley  exhibited,  1748,  at  the  Royal  Society  an  ancient 
flirine,  formerly  in  the  poiieffion  of  Robert  Pulleyn  t,  Elq;  of 
St.  Neots,  then  of  Sir  John  Cotton,  Bart,  afterwards  of  Dr. 
Stukeley^,  now  the  property  of  Guftavus  Brander,  Efq;  who  pur- 
chaivid  it  at  the  fale  of  the  do61;or's  curiofities,  1776,  for  jC4.  i  4J".  dd, 

"'^  Minutes  of  the  Spalding  Societj'. 

■f  The  manfion-houfe  of  this  now  extinol  fuaiily,  at  the  eafl;  end  of  the  church  at 
St.  Neot'sjis  converted  into  a  workhouie^ 

Mr, 


9^  THE     HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  Q,U  1  T  1  E  S 

Mr.  Eayre  of  St.  Neot's  fent  it  to  Dr.  Stukeley  to  have  his  opinion 
of  it.  It  was  found  in  the  houfe  of  a  gentleman  of  the  neighbour- 
hood*, who  never  fliewed  it  during  his  hfe  time,  and  who  polli- 
bly  might  have  given  fome  account  of  it.  It  is  12  inches  long, 
lOjhigh,  4^  broad,  made  of  oak,  plated  over  with  copper,  on 
which  the  figures  are  chafed  in  gold  ;  the  ground  is  enamelled 
with,  blue;  in  the  ridge  along  the  top  are  three  oval  chryftals  fet 
tranfparently.  There  being  fuch  an  intercourfe  between  the 
abbey  of  Croyland  and  the  priory  of  St.  Neot's  that  the  body  of 
St.  Neot  was  carried  to  Croyland  and  inlhrined  there.  Dr. 
Stukeley  conceived  this  flirine  belonged  to  Croyland  abbey.  He 
concluded  it  from  the  manner  of  drawing  and  the  workmanfliip 
to  be  of  Saxon  antic^viity,  and  that  very  high,  and  that  it  gave  the 
ftory  of  the  murder  of  the  abbot  and  monks  by  the  Danes,  A.  D. 
870,  before  recited,  p.  9,  and  the  burial  of  the  abbot  by  his 
fuccelTor  Godric  ;  and  that  fome  part  of  the  martyred  abbot  Theo- 
dore might  be  preferved  in  this  Ihrine.  Thefe  conje6tiires,  with 
an  engraving  of  the  two  fides  of  the  flirine,  were  publiflied  in  the 
Philofophical  Tranfandlions,  N"490. 

It  is  by  no  means  certain  whether  this  monument  belonged  to 
Croyland  abbey;  and  it  may  admit  of  a  doubt,  whether  the  fubje<5t 
cmbofTed  on  it  has  any  relation  to  that  houfe,  and  does  not  rather 
reprefent  the  murder  of  Thomas  Becket  by  three  affaflins  while  he 
was  officiating  at  the  altar,  the  two  monks,  who  alone  attempted 
any  defence  for  him,  Handing  by.  The  upper  compartment  re- 
prefents  his  tranllation  by  archbifliop  Langton,  1220,  and  the 
tranflating  of  his  foul  to  heaven  by  angels.  In  1 7  was  exhibited 
to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  a  flirine  formerly  belonging  to  He- 
reford cathedral,  and  then  the  property  of  Dr.  RulTel,  one  of 
the  relidentiaries,   on  which  was  the  fame  reprefentation,  with 

*  Mr.  Pulleyn, 

this 


THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTI  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S  97 

this  difference,  that  the  Hereford  flirine  being  one  fourth  fhorter 
than  the  Croyland  '*,  did  not  afford  room  for  the  two  rehgious  on 
the  fide  of  the  altar  in  the  lower  compartment,  nor  for  the  afcent 
of  the  foul  to  heaven  in  the  upper.      The  llory  on  the  Hereford 
ihrine  was  applied  to  the  martyrdom  of  St.  Ethelbert,  the  patron 
faint  of  that  church  ;    but  it  is  paying  a  poor  compliment  to  the 
invention  of  ancient  flirine  makers  to  imagine  that  they  had  but 
one  device  for  every  martyrdom.      Admitting  a  refemblance  be- 
tween the  deaths  of  Theodore  and  Becket,  they  could  have  no 
conformity  with  that  of  Ethelbert,  who  was  a  prince,  and  be« 
headed  in  the  nuptial  chamber  t.      The  figures  on  the  other  fide, 
and  at  the  end,  were  alike  in  both  flirines,  as  were  alfo  the  ornaments 
of  open  w^ork  on  the  top.      hi  the  upper  compartment  a  deacon 
holds  a  book,  out  of  which  the  burial  lervice  was  read.      On  this 
book  in  the  Croyland  flirine  are  only  three  rondeaux,  but  on  the 
Hereford  fhrine  an  infcription  in  Saxon  letters  |.   Mr.  Walpole  has 
a  third  flirine  with  figures  exadfly  fimilar  to  tliefe,  which  he  con- 
ceives to  be  a  model  in  miniature  of  the  original  flirine  of  Becket 
at  Canterbury.     It  is  lefs  than  the  other  two,   and  the  plates  are 
faftened  on  a  block  of  wood  of  the  fame  form.      Perhaps  the 
three  flirines  may  have  contained  fome  relique  of  St.  Thomas, 
who  was  fo  highly  reverenced  in  every  monaftery. 

I  would  not  be  underftood  to  rob  Croyland  of  her  flirine,  but 
only  to  correct  the  miflake  about  its  hiftory. 

Dr.  Stukeley  had  alfo  from  Croyland  abbey  a  curious  pair  of 
fnuffers,  fumewhat  like  thofe  founc^  at  Gorton  in  Dorfet,  engraved 
in  Mr.  Hutchins's  hiftory  of  that  county,  vol.1,  p.  555.  and 
the  lower  half  of  a  candleftick  '  and  an  enamelled  candle- 
branch.      Thefe  three  laft  articles  were  purcliafed  at  his  fale  by 

*It  was  7  incbes  by  3  J,  and  8*  higli.  -j"  Math.  Paris. 

'I  See  pt.  11.  fig.  16. 

b  Mr. 


^8  THE     HISTORY      AND      ANTIQ^UITIES 

Mr.  Gough  ;   drawings  of  them  had  been  exhibited  by  Maurice 
Johnfon  at  the  Spalding  Society. 

We  have  engraved  Dr.  Stukeley's  drawing  of  a  chair  which  he 
found  at  Upton,  near  Peterborough,  and  imagined  belonged  to 
one  of  the  abbots.      The  infcription  at  the  top  of  the  back  is 

Benedicite  fontes  domino. 

Probably  alluding  to  John  Welles  the  laft  abbot.  Bifliop  Dove 
bought  it  at  the  Diifolution,  and  fet  it  in  the  hall  at  Upton  ''•■. 

Mrs.  Kingfton,  the  proprietor  of  a  baker's  houfe  and  fliop, 
\ipon  the  entrance  of  the  Sovith  ftreet  from  the  triangular  bridge, 
told  Mr.  Scribo  that  when  her  hufband  ere61;ed  the  faid  buildings, 
and,  in  order  to  make  a  cellar  in  part  of  the  fame,  his  labourers 
caft  out  folid  earth  7  feet  in  depth,  was  {t^w  by  her  and  many 
other  perfons,  at  the  bottom  a  perfect  hearth,  with  aflies  and 
burnt  pieces  of  flicks  t. 

Since  Mr.  Scribo's  relidence  here,  two  rag-Hone  pavements  have 
been  difcovered  in  this  parifli  by  labourers  employed  in  digging 
earth  for  the  repairs  of  banks,  which,  by  their  depth  under  the 
earth,  have  probably  been  concealed  for  fome  ages  :  one  on  the 
North  Ude  of  South  Ea,  and  in  a  dire6t  line  between  St.  Guthlac's 
creft,  on  which  a  boundary  ftone,  called  St,  Guthlac's  Crofs,  is 
fallen  from  its  bafe,  and  Dowefdale,  near  to  which  was  formerly, 
as  we  are  told,  a  nunnery ;  the  other  was  difcovered  on  the  Weft 
fide  of  the  bank  leading  from  this  town  to  Whitehoufe,  near 
Cloot. 

•*  The  late  lord  Colerane  fawachalr  of  die  abbot  of  Peterborough  in  Coningtoh 
church,  1745,  probably  placed  there  by  Sir  Robert  Cotton.  There  liands  under 
an  arch  at  the  back  of  the  manfion-houfe  at  Ramfay  an  old  wainfcot  chair,  which 
may  have  belonged  to  an  abbot  of  that  houfe. 

-f-  The  fame  difcoveries  were  made  at  a  confiderable  depth  below  the  foundations 
of  the  Crown  inn  at  Ranifay. 

Mt. 


IM.V.  lofrontp.PS. 


Jn  Ptil'sefinm  of.WfMaryC^oiwh.lVakencld. 


<s-^^ 


Thf  exact  one  oftAe  Ordinal. 


c 


f^n^K 


t7  of  viyy^^  /////^^?^ 


OF      CROYLAND-ABBEY. 


99 


Mr-  Scribo  has  been  informed  by  many  dikers  here,  that  into 
the  bottom  of  the  ditches  which  arc  diftant  from  the  town 
about  three  quarters  of  a  mile,  and  now  abound  with  gravel, 
a  pole  feven  feet  long  might  have  been  within  their  memory 
thruft  into  a  moor.  The  truth  of  the  fadt  he  does  not  difpute, 
but  thinks  it  requires  more  than  an  ordinary  philofophical  genius 
to  allign  a  fatisfadlory  reafon  for  fuch  an  extraordinary  alteration. 

Molt  of  the  fads  here  reported  are  on  the  authority  of  refpecl- 
able  perfons,  aged  from  60  to  90  years.  Many  and  long  in- 
ftances,  and  the  regiiler  of  burials  which  the  prefent  incumbent 
has  kept  with  particular  attention  to  the  age  of  perfons  dying  at 
feventy  years  and  upwards,  confirm  this  circumftance  of  re- 
markable longevity  againft  any  mifconceived  notion  of  the  infa- 
lubrity  of  this  fenny  tract. 

1734.  A  negro  boy  of  Mr.  Hunter's,  born  of  negro  parents 
in  Jamaica,  was  baptized  Croy/and ;  Maurice  Johnfon,  John 
Crawford,  efq.  ftevvard  and  bailiff  of  the  manor,  and  Mifs  Hunter, 
fponfors.  The  hair  of  his  head  was  foft  and  fliort  curled,  but 
very  red  ;  the  ikin  of  his  face,  of  a  reddilh  call,  feemed  freckled  : 
he  was  fliarp  witted,  intelligent,  and  fprightly. 

Mr.  Camden  gives  this  defcription  of  the  town  of  Croyland  : 
"  It  is  fo  guarded  and  furrounded  by  fenns  as  to  be  inaccefhble,  ex- 
cept on  the  north  and  eaft  by  narrow  banks,  and  may  for  lituation 
be  compared  to  Venice.  It  confifts  of  three  ftreets  •••,  feparated 
from  each  other  by  water-courfes,  planted  with  willows,  and 
raifed  on  piles  driven  into  the  bottom  of  a  deep  fenn,  commu- 
nicating by  a  triangular  bridge  of  admirable  workmanfliip,  under 
which,  the  inhabitants  relate,  was  dug  a  very  deep  pit,  to  receive 
the  conflux  of  waters  t.  Where  beyond  the  bridge  the  foil  be- 
comes firm  ground  flood  the  monaftery,  on  fo  confined  a  fite,  that 

*  There  are  now,  and  were  perhaps  before  Camden's  time,  four  ftreets,  viz. 
S.  W.  N.  and  E.  ftreet,  otherwife  Church  Street. 

-|~  Every  pcrfon  who  has  leen  or  meafured  the  didance  between  the  three  angles, 
will  controvert  the  truth  of  this. 

O  2  the 


100  THE    HISTORY   AND    ANTIQ^UITIES 

the  ground  round  it,  except  where  occupied  by  the  town,  is  fo 
marfhy,  that  one  may  thrult  a  pole  to  the  depth  of  30  feet.  The 
little  level  foil  about  it  is  covered  with  reeds  ;  and  near  the  church 
is  an  alder  grove.  It  is  however  well  furnifhed  with  inhabitants, 
who  keep  their  cattle  at  a  diftance  from  the  town,  and  go  to  milk, 
them  in  fmall  boats  that  will  hold  but  two  perfons,  called 
Jkerries^'' ;  but  they  derive  their  greatefl:  profit  from  fifli  and  wild- 
fowl, of  which  laft  they  can  drive  at  once  into  a  lingle  net  in  the 
month  of  Auguft  3000  ducks  :  and  they  call  their  pools  their 
eftates.  For  this  fifliery  and  wild-fowl  catching  they  pay  now 
to  the  king,  as  formerly  to  the  al>bot,  £2>'^o  a  year. 

The  following  is  Dr.  Stukeley's  account  of  this  place  f . 

"  Upon  the  edge  of  Lincolnlhire,  in  the  midil:  of  a  vafl  fenny 
level,  Crowland  is  fcituate,  memorable  for  its  early  religion,  and 
the  rviins  of  an  opulent  m.onaftery,  which  ftill  makes  a  confide- 
rable  profpedl.  The  abbey  prefents  a  magnificent  view  of  ruins, 
founded  1000  years  ago  by  Athelbald  king  of  the  Mercians,  in  a 
horrid  lilence  of  bogs  and  thorns;  made  eminent  for  the  holy 
retirement  of  his  chaplain  Guthlac,  who  changed  the  gaieties  of 
the  court  for  the  feverities  of  the  anchorite.  The  king  endowed 
it  with  a  profufe  hand,  and  all  the  land  for  feveral  miles  round 
the  church  belonged  to  it.  The  foundation  is  laid  on  piles  of 
wood  drove  into  the  ground  with  gravel  and  fand,  and  they 
found  feveral  of  them  in  tearing  up  the  ruins  of  the  eaftern  part 
of  the  church  ;  for  what  remains  now  is  only  part  of  the  weft  end, 
and  that  only  one  corner  in  tolerable  repair,  which  is  their  p.irifli 
church  at  prefent.  It  is  not  difficult  at  this  time  to  diftinguiOi 
part  of  the  very  firft  building  of  this  church  from  that  which 
was  built  by  Ingulphus.  In  the  middle  of  thecrofs  ftood  once  a 
lofty  tower,  and  a  remarkably  fine  ring  of  bells  |,  of  which  there 

*  Thefe  are  a  forr  of  canoes  which  lie  on  the  banks  of  the  droves  about  the  town. 

+  Stuk.  Itin.  I.  31.  2d  edit. 

\  Ingulphus  gives  their  names,  p.  505.     See  before,  p.  18. 

is 


OF      C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D  .  A  B  B  E  Y.  loi 

is  a  proverb  in  this  country  ftill  remaining.      The  old  church, 
built  after  the  Danifli  devaftation,  870,  was  of  Turketyl's  railing, 
who  died  975.      Tiie  new  part  was  built  1 1  14.      One  prodigious 
great  bell  was  facred  to  Guthlac.      They  are  faid  to  have  been 
the  firli:  peal  of  bells  in  th<?  country,   perhaps  England.      From 
the  foundation  U)i'  this  tower  to  the  well  end   is  fvmiewhat  left, 
but  only  the  walls,  pillars,  with  paffages  or  galleries   at  the  top, 
and  lliair-cales  at  the  corners.      The  roof,  which  was  ofh"iih  oak 
finely  carved  and  gilr,  fell  down  about  twenty  years  ago  :   you  fee 
pieces  of  it    in   every  houfe.      The    pavement    is  covered  with 
flirubs  for  brals  infcriptions,   and  people  now  at  pleafure  dig  up 
the  monumental  itones,  and  divide  the  holy  iliipwreck  for  their 
private  ufes  ;   fo  tliat  inftead  of  one,   moit  of  the  houfes  in  the 
town  are  become  religious.      The  painted  glafs  was  broke  by  the 
Ibldiers  in  the  rebellion,  for  they  made  a  garrifon  of  the  place. 
All  the  eaftern  part  of  the  body  of  the  church  is  entirely  razed  to 
the  foundation  ;   and  the  allies  as  well   as    tombs    of  an  infinite 
number  of  illuftrious  perfonages,    kings,  abbots,  lords,  knights, 
Sec.  there  hoping  to  repofe,  are  dilperfed,  to  the  irreparable  da- 
jnage   of    Englilh    hillory.      The  monartic    buildings,    cloiflers, 
liall,  abbot's  lodgings,  and  the  like,  which  no  doubt  were  very 
fine,   are  abfolutely  demolilhed,    no   trace  tiiereof  left  whereby 
their  extent  might  be  guefled  at.      In  the  north-weft  corner  of 
the  church  ftands  a  firong  tower  with  a  very  obtufe  fpire,  and  a 
pleafant  ring  of  fmall  bells.      Over  the  vvefl:  gate  are  the  images 
of  divers  kings,  abbots,  &c.   among  the  reft  St.  Guthlac,  with  the 
whip  and  knife,    as  always  painted.      They   were   cut  in  a  loft 
kind  of  Hone,  and  drawn  over  in  oil-colour,  v.ith  gilding.      The 
abbot's  chair  is  at  Mr.  Dove's  feat  at  Upton,    bv  Peterborough,   a 
defccndant  of  biihop  Dove.      Upon    it  Benedicile  f antes  domino. 
I  fuppofe  the  abbot's  name  was  Fountain'^ ^ 

*  The  good  Doflor  forgol  there  was  no  fuch  abbor  here. 

Al)out 


loi         THE     HISTORY     AND    ANTI  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S 

About  25  years  ago  a  good  inn  Avas  fitted  up  at  the  bridge- 
foot;  and  it  was  in  contemplation  to  transfer  back  the  market 
which  was  originally  kept  here,  but  removed  to  Thorney,  which, 
confidering  the  prefent  circumflances  and  fituation  of  the  two 
towns,  was  much  better  calculated  for  it  than  Croyland.  But 
this  fcheme  foon  failed,  and  there  is  fcarce  an  alehoufe  of  dif- 
tin»il:ion  enough  to  induce  a  traveller  to  bait  in  it.  A  remarkable 
circumftance  is  told  of  certain  fwallows,  who  having  built  their 
nefts  in  a  common  drinking  room  at  the  Crown  alehoufe  in 
Croyland,  quitted  it  and  followed  the  landlady,  Mrs.  Carratt,  on 
her  removal  to  another  houfe,    1730. 

Croyland  fair  began  fix  days  before,  and  continued  as  many 
after  the  feftival  of  St.  Bartholomew,  Auguft  26.  Henry  III. 
by  charter,  March  15,  1226,  a.  r.  II.  prohibits  all  men  coming 
to  the  feaft  of  the  fairs  of  St.  Bartholomew  there,  from  making 
hearfes,  Ifages,  or  ftals,  or  fixing  poles,  without  having  firfi:  ob- 
tained licence  of  the  abbot  and  convent.  See  alio  confirmation 
charter  of  Henry  VII.  fecStion  15.  The  proclamation*  of  it  fets 
forth,  that  if  any  vintner  fell  a  gallon  of  good  ale  for  more  than 
two-pence,  he  fi.iall  be  amerced,  and  that  no  perfons  keeping 
ferries  extort  upon  perfons  coming  to  the  fair  wherethorow  the 
lord  of  the  franchife  fuftain  lofs.  The  ftatute  of  view  of  frank- 
pledge, and  of  weights  and  meafures,  (called  the  fiatute  of 
Winchefter)  is  very  particularly  and  frequently  mentioned  in  this 
form,   bemg  as  it  feems  of  the  reign   of  Edward  III. 

Proclamacio  nundinarum  Croylandie,  from  the  antient  chartu- 
lary  and  leidger  of  that  monaftery,   fol.  xxx. 

In  the  name  of  Edward,  by  the  grace  of  God  king  of  England 
and  France,  lord  of  Ireland,  prince  of  Wales,  having  confirmed  a 
faire  and  a  market  granted  aforetimes  thereto,  the  faire  to  be 
holden  onys  in  the  yeare,   at  the  feaft  of  St.  Bartholomew,   (24 

'■'  In  the  leidger,  five  quarter,  fol.  30;  and  in  Croyland  chronicle  and  collefiion 
cf  MSS.  pen.  Maurice  Johnfon,  (teward  of  the  manor. 

Aug.) 


OF      CROYLAND-ABBEY.  joj 

Aug.)  fix  days  afore,  and  fix  days  after.  The  market  to  be 
holden  weekly  on  the  Wednefday,  wiih  all  cullomes  and  duties, 
and  all  manner  of  punifliments  that  long  thereto,  according  to 
the  ftatute  of  Winchefter,  fetting  forth  how  good  order  ought 
to  be  kept  thereat,  and  regulating  the  holding  the  fame  at 
large. 

This,  by  the  flyle,  was  drawn  up  before  1327,  when  Edward 
died,   for  Mr.  Johnfon  took  it  to  be  of  his  time,   or  his  father's. 

Angtong  the  eminent  men  to  whom  this  place  has  given  birth, 
befides    its   own    abbot  and   the  mafter  of  the  abbey  works  his 
contemporary,    was   Godfrey    de  Croyland,  abbot  of  Peter- 
borough from  T299toi32i,   a  particular  favourite  of  Edward  I. 
who  prefented  him  on  his  elctftion  with  a  fair  filver  cup  gilt,   and 
remitted  his  claim  of  1000  rtiarks  on  his  confecration.      The  ab- 
bot had  the  honour  of  entertaining  his  fovereign,   with  the  queen 
and  their  fuite,  three  years  after,  and  afterwards  the  j^rince  and 
his   favourite  Piers  Gaveflon:      Of  all  the  buildings  with  which 
he  adorned  his  abbey,  there  remained  in  Gunton's  time  only  the 
great  gate-houfe,   with   the  knights'  chamber  over  it,  on  whofe 
walls  were  painted  the  portraits  of  all  the  knights  wdio  held  lands 
of  the  abbey,   and  their  arms  on  the  rafters.      He  built  the  bridge 
then  {landing  over  the  river  and  leading  into  the  citv,   and  pur- 
chafed  the  manor  of  Lullington  or  I.uddington.      Edward  I.   was 
largely  fupplied  by  him  in  his  Scottifli  w^ars,   and  entertained  by 
him  again  in  his  progrefs  into  Scotland.      After  having  expended 
between  3  and  4000/.  on  his  convent,   and  governed  it  11  years, 
he  died  1321,   and  was  buried  at  the  up})er  end  of  the  choir. 
His  brafs  was  reaved  in  the  civil  w'ar-'-",  and  the  very  llabhas  been 
fince  turned  out  of  the  church  . 

*'  About  half  a  mile  to  theeaft  of  the  mofl  venerable  remains 
of  Croyland  abbey,  near  the  road  going  thence  into  Pq_filand^  and 

^  GuDton,  39 — 41.  317 — 319, 

on 


10+  THE     HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

Oil  the  right-hand  of  the  road,  lays  Dr.  Stukcley*,  is  a  httle  hil- 
lock or  rifing  ground,  now  overgrown  with  Ihrubs  and  weeds; 
to  us  that  were  brought  up  at  Cambridge,  and  to  us  that  hve  at 
Stamford,  it  is  the  moll  refpedful  piece  of  ground  in  the  king- 
dom. In  the  year  1708  1  faw  a  remnant  of  a  chapel  there, 
which  was  then  turned  into  a  dwelling  houfe  or  cottage.  It 
was  called  Jfic/jor ige-houfe  :  in  truth,  it  was  the  fpot  bf  ground 
that  Pega,  fitter  of  Guthlac,  pitched  upon  for  her  hermitage. 
Hither  flie  accompanied  him,  and  lived  whilft  he  liveil,  and  then 
Ihe  retired  to  higher  ground,  the  place,  called  from  her  Peakirky 
where  a  little  monaftery  was  founded.  The  chapel  Hill  remains 
turned  into  a  dwelling-houfe. 

The  Do6lor  thus  defcribes  the  firll  of  thefe  fpots  in  his  Itine- 
rary, 1.  32.  "  Not  far  eallof  the  abbey,  upon  a  hillock,  is  the 
remnant  of  a  little  ftone  cottage,  called  Anchor- church-houfe. 
Here  was  a  chapel  over  the  place  where  St.  Guthlac  lived  a  her- 
mit, and  where  he  was  buried.  The  ruins  pulled  down  about 
1720."  All  that  remained  in  1782  was  a  long  low  hillock  in 
the  middle  of  a  clofe,  about  half  a  mile  due  eaft  from  Croyland 
church  in  the  road.  This  clofe  and  another  adjoining  were  for 
many  years  pall  called  AncboK-church-field. 

Mr.  Scribo  has  repeatedly  been  informed  by  Ibme  refpecftable 
perfons,  who  were  eye-witnelTes  to  the  fa(5t,  that,  about  45 
years  ago,  a  proprietor  of  the  hillock  above-mentioned,  and  the 
inclofure  adjoining  to  it,  V/illiam  Bagiilcy,  clerk,  but  never  a 
miniller  of  this  parifl:i,  frequently,  and  efpecially  on  Sundays, 
went  to  the  inclofure  wherein  this  hill  is,  and  immediately 
upon  his  entering  into  it,  fell  upon  his  knees,  and  placing  his 
hat  before  his  face,  continued  tor  a  confiderable  time  in  a  pof- 
ture  of  adoration.  This  is  an  unprecedented  inftance  of  a  pro- 
tellant  divine's  enthuliaftic  veneration  for  a  hermit,  or  the  ground 
wherein  he  hath  been    fuppofed   to  have  lived,   died,   and  been 

*  Pal.  Brit.  II.  35. 
I  buried ; 


OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D  -  A  B  B  E  Y.  105 

buried  ;  but  what  adds  to  the  wonder  of  this  fact  is,  that,  ex- 
cepting this  his  whimfical  behaviour,  and  an  inttance  of  his 
ill  management  of  his  aifairs,  by  which  he  brought  himfelf 
into  the  Fleet  prifon,  he  was  eileemed  a  man  of  good  under- 
ftanding.  His  daughter,  who  afterwards  enjoyed  the  fame  eltatc, 
died  here  in  1730, 

"  When  lord  Turketyl  became  abbot  of  Croyland,  A.D.  948, 
many  learned  men  followed  him  thither,  whom  he  placed  in  St. 
Pega's  cell ;  built  them  a  chapel ;  appointed  one  a  prior,  another 
who  was  in  orders  a  chaplain  ;  and  they  lived  there  together, 
both  clerical  and  lay,  exactly  like  a  college:  and  it  was  really  a 
college,  and  the  grandmother  of  all  the  colleges  and  learning  in 
the  two  moil:  ancient  univerfities  of  Cambridge  and  Stamford. 

"  Here  lord  Turketyl  made  one  Reynford,  a  man  of  much 
learning  and  honefty,  prior;  and  the  children  of  the  nobiUty  were 
fent  thither  as  to  a  fchool ;  and  the  lord  abbot  walked  to  the 
place  himfelf  every  day  to  examine  and  encourage  tiiem  pro- 
perly in  learning  ;  as  we  largely  read  in  Ingwlphus'  hiitory  *'." 

The  famous  Lridge  at  Croyland  is  the  greateil:  curiofity  iti 
Britain,  if  not  in  Europe.  It  is  of  a  triangular  form,  rifmg 
from  three  fegments  of  a  circle,  and  meeting  at  a  point  at  top. 
It  fcems  to  have  been  built  under  the  direiStion  of  the  abbots, 
rather  to  excite  admiration,  and  furnifli  a  pretence  for  granting 
indulgences,  and  colleiTting  money,  than  for  any  real  ufe ;  for 
though  it  ftands  in  a  bog,  and  muft.  have  coft  a  vaft  fum,  yet 
it  is  lb  fteep  in  its  afcent  and  defcent  that  neither  carriages  nor 
horfemen  can  tret  over  it.  The  rivers  Nvne  and  Welland,  and 
a  ftream  called  Catt  Water,  on  the  fides  whereof  the  ftreets  of 
the  town  are  built,  all  meet  under  the  great  arch  ;  and  there 
forming  one  river,  flow  from  thence  through  Spalding  into 
the  fea.  The  town  confifts  of  three  j^rincipal  ftreets  built  on 
piles,  and  fcparated  by  three  waters;  thefe  lead  to  the  bridge,  and 

*Stukeley,  Pal.  Brit.  II.  Jj:. 

P  there 


io6        THE     HISTORY    AND     A  N  T  I  QU  I  T  I  E  S 

there  is  no  getting  to  them  but  by  two  narrow  canfeways.  It 
Hands  not  exadlly  in  the  centre  of  the  north  flreet,  owing  to 
the  impoffibility  of  ufing  it  for  horfes  or  carriages.  On  the 
South  Welt  wing,  which  faces  the  London  road,  is  placed  in  a 
fitting  pofture,  a  ftately  image  of  king  Ethelbald,  founder  of 
the  abbey.  It  has  a  crown  fleury  on  the  head,  and  a  globe  in 
the  right  hand. 

The  firft  mention  of  this  bridge  is  in  the  charter  of  Edred  king 
of  Britain,  in  the  year  of  Chrift's  incarnation  dccccxliii,  where 
the  boundaries  of  the  abbey  are  thus  defcribed  ; 

"  From  the  triangular  bridge  at  Croyland  (a  ponfe  de  Croy- 
''  land  trimigiilo]  by  the  river  of  Welland  towards  Spalding,  unto 
"  Afendike,  where  Afendike  falleth  into  the  river  of  Weland,  on 
*'  the  north  part  of  a  certain  crofs  of  ftone,  there  erected  by 
'■'•  abbot  Turketill,  and  fo  upwards  to  the  eaft,  by  Afendike  to 
«'  Atwictoft*." 

This  paffage  plainly  proves  this  bridge  to  be  a  religious 
boundary  at  leaft  as  ancient  as  St.  Guthlac's  crofs,  and  known 
fo  early  as  A.  D.  943  ;  and  it  is  highly  probable,  that  it  was  built 
fome  years  before  that  period.  It  is  thought  to  have  been 
erected  by  the  abbots,  fome  time  in  the  reign  of  king  Ethel- 
bald,  who  was  upon  the  throne  only  from  A.  D.  856  to  860, 
and  this  opinion  is  flrengthened  by  the  antique  image  of  that 
king  being  placed  upon  the  bridge  ;  fo  we  may  venture  to  fix 
the  buildins-  of  it  to  his  time,    or  foon  after. 

Each  bafe  of  this  bridge,  it  is  faid,  flands  in  a  different  county, 
viz,  Lincolniliire,  Cambridgelhire,  and  Northamptonfliire  t. 
Mr.  Camden  fays,  that  the  inhabitants  report  there  was  a  pit 
funk,  of  a  mighty  depth,  iinder  the  bridge,  to  receive  the  fall 
of  the  three  water  courfes  meeting  in  one  confluence  |.  The 
firlt  particular  we  have  before  feen   is    not  ftri^lly  true  ;   and,    as 

■*  See  Apiien'lix,  N°  VIII.  p.  7.     Diigclalc's  Hiltoiy  of  Embanking,  p.  210. 

•\  Svftein  of  Geography,  foL  Vol.  I.  p.  170. 

I  Camden's  Britannia,  tranflated  by  t'hil.  ilu'.land,   1637,  p.  533. 

to 


T 


C  ROYi^  A  w  D  Bridge 


c<rfnfna*ia^ 


</d 


o^ir/t  n-^A4m  ef/v  /iittc/^  er?i  ^ne  ««/?&/  cr^nede 


C it/iaAj-  n/^ ^/te  efi</  /ie.zf  f/>f^cr/ic^<r>i    nme/ ui/j  ti /i  t ''//ta-ae  cjf  ^■'le/ia  Cf/ie/^M 


OF     CROY  LAND-ABBEY. 


IQ7 


to  the  latter,  the  bare  mentioning  of  it  is  fufficient  to  explode 
that  ridiculous  tradition. 

It  is  not  improbable  that,  according  to  the  fuperftition  of 
the  age  in  which  this  bridge  was  built,  it  was  intended  as  an 
emblem  or  reprefentation  of  the  Trinity  ;  for  though  it  has 
three  arches,  yet  it  is  properly  but  one  groined  arch,  confid- 
ing of  three  ribs,  which  form  the  arch  or  arches ;  and  it 
may  with  equal  propriety  be  termed,  a  bridge  of  one,  or  of 
three  arches. 

The  firft  print  of  this  bridge  was  engraved  by  Dr.  Stukelcy, 
who  thus  defcribes  it*.  "  Over  againft  the  weft  end  of  the 
abbey  is  the  famous  triangular  bridge.  It  is  too  fleep  to  be  com- 
monly rode  over  ;  horfes  and  carriages  go  under  it.  It  is  formed 
on  three  fegments  of  a  circle  meeting  in  one  point.  They  fay 
each  bafe  ftands  in  a  different  county.  The  rivers  Nyne  and 
Welland  here  meet.  On  one  fide  fits  an  imag©  of  king  Athel- 
bald  with  a  globe  in   his  hand." 

Another  view  of  it  was  engraved  by  Buck,  1726!. 

A  third  was  inferted  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Vol.  XXI. 
p.  296.  1751. 

A  fourth  is  engraved  in  N°  V.  of  Antiquities  publiflied  by  John 
Carter,  1783. 

We  have  given  here  a  fifth  etcht  by  William  Williams. 

The  image  at  the  foot  of  the  bridge  has  been  engraved  on  a 
larger  fcale  in  John  Carter's  fecond  number,  1782,  The  late 
Mr.  Hunter  conjedured  that  this  figure  reprefenled  Henry  II. 
Mr.  Willis  X  calls  it  St.  GutMac.  One  would  rather  fuppofe  the 
royal  founder  of  the  abbey  to  be  a  primary  obje6l  vv'ith  the 
builders  of  this  extraordinary  bridge.  This  figure  is  vulgarljr 
called   Oliver  Cromwell    with   a  penny-loaf  in  his  hand  :    the 

*  kin.  Cur.  I.  p.  .^2.  PI.  VII. 

I  Mr.  Ricliard  Collins,  painter,  Ton  of  Mr.  Richard  Collins  of  the  f-ime  pr  '£0111(^1 
at  Peterborough,  painted  for  Mr.  Sly  ot'Thorney  a  fouth-weft  profpcft  of  Croyl.md 
church  and  a  view  of  the  bridge;  from  which  Mr.  Buck  made  his  ungr.iving.v,  the 
accounts  under  which  were  drawn  up  by  Maurice  Johnfon,  Efq.  J  Ui:)i  fup. 

P  2  ravages 


loS 


THE    HISTORY     AND     ANTI  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 


ravages  of  that  ufurper  being  remembered  longer  than  the  be- 
nefadions  of  the  Mercian  monarch. 

As  none  of  thefe  writers  have  given  a  plan  *  or  mealurements 
of  any  one  part  of  this  venerable  ftriid;ure,  the  annexed  plate 
was  communicated  to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  1763,  Vol, 
XXXIII.  p.  1 80,  by  a  correfpondent  who  Hgns  himfelf  Gothick. 


1 1  1 1  i  I  I  I  I  ,'1 


Feet.  Inch. 

Height  of  the  apex  of  the  arch  at 

a  from  low  water  i  2     6 

Height  of  the  walls  at  ^  i&     o 

Height  of  the  walls  at  b  and  c  14.     6 

i  The  fpan  of  the  arches  17     6 
k  Breadthof  the  piers  from  which 

the  arches  fpring  10     o 
Heii^htof  the  parapet  walls  from  the  road. 

Ax  a  22 


At^ 

At  c 
Atd 
Ate 
At/ 
At^ 
At^ 


3 
4 
3 
4 
5 
4 
4 


9 

4 
la 
10. 

6 

9 

6 


At  m  Is  placed   the  fuppofed  image  of 
king  Ethelbald,  in  a  fitting  pofture,  now 

much  defaced. 


*  Brown  Willis's  plan  in  his  account  of  the  abbey  (Mit.  Ab.  I.  74)   conveys 
no  idea  of  ir,  being  only  three  dguble  C's  fet  back  to  back  trianglewife. 


ABBOTS 


O  F    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D  •  A  B  B  E  Y.  109 

ABBOTS       OF       C  ROY  LAND. 

Kenulph,  monk  of  Evefham,  A.  D.  716. 

Patrick,  died  794. 

SiwARD  (a),  62  years  ;  died  856. 

Theodore,  murdered  by  the  Danes  870. 

CoDRic,  died  941  (I/). 

TuRKETYL,  died  975,  16  Edgar  (<:). 

Egelric,  died  984,  (^). 

Egelric  II.  died  992  (e). 

OsKETUL  (/),  died  1005, 

Godric  II.  died  10 17  (^). 

Brithmer(/^),  died  1048. 

Wlgate  (/),  depofed  1075,  died  1085. 

Ingulphus,  1075,  died  1109  (/;). 

JoFFRiD,  died  ii09(/). 

Waldeve  (m)y  depofed  1 1 38. 

GoDFRiD,  prior  of  St.  Albans,  1133  (n)* 

Edward,  died  1 170  (0). 

Robert  de  Radinges,  died  1 190  (/>). 

Henry  Longchamp,  1 191,  died  1236  (q). 

Richard  Bardeney,  1236,  died  i246(r). 

Thomas  Welles (j-),  1246,  died  1253. 

Ralph  Marsh  (/),  died  2281. 

Richard  Croyland,  refigned  1303  (//)• 

Simon  de  LuFFENHAMjrefigned  1304  (.v). 

(a)  Sulmrdus  Lcl.  It.  IV.  243.  {b)  See  before,  p.  10.  (c)  P.  16. 

[d)  Egerlcus  Lei.    P.  18.  (0  P-  19-  (/)  GfieiiUusLLl 

{g)V.2\.  (h)  Bricktinerus  h<i\.    P.  2.2. 

(J)l-Vulfgate  Lei.  P.  26.    Widfrctel  ACt.  pontif.  Cant.  &  Lei.  whence  Willis  makes 
two  difliiia  abbots  here.         {k)  P.  4^  (/)  P.  49.  (m)  IVcddenus  Lei.  P.  49- 

(«)  Sun.  Dun.  264.    P.  49-  (°)  ?•  5°-  (p)  !'•  J  =  -  ('?)  ^'  55- 

[r-  P.  56.  (s)  De  Willa  Lei.  P.  57.  (0  De  Mcrch  Lei.     P.  37. 

00  I'-  58-  C^}  It^id. 

Henry 


mo 


HISTORY      AND      ANTIQ^UITIES 


Henry  de  Gasewyk,  died  1358  (y), 

Thomas  de  Bernak,  died  1378  {z}. 

John  de  Asheby,  died  1392  (a). 

Thomas  Overton,  died  141 7  (/^). 

Richard  Upton,  died  1427  (c).  ^^ 

John  Lytlington,  died  1469  (^). 

John  Wisbech,  died  1476  (e). 

Richard  Croyland  11.  died  1483  (/). 

Lambert  Fossdyke,  died  1485  (g). 

Edmund  Thorpe,  died  1497  (/&). 

Philip  Everedge  (/),  died  1504. 

William  Gedyng  (^),  died  1507. 

Richard  Berdeney  (/),  died  151 2. 

John  Wells  (;«),  died  1539. 

This    abbey  had  the  following  Re6^ories,  or  penfions  out  of 

them  : 

C.  Lincoln.  Penfion. 

Fiflitoft,    alias  Toft,  dedicated  to  St.") 

^    ,,  Will/. 

Guthlac,  -  -  -  J 

Saperton  St.  Nicholas,  -  -       -  iiJ-. 

Ulceby           -             -  '  -  -  xxvu.  viii^. 

Rathby          _            -  -  -  xxvu.  \ind. 

Ingoldfby           _          -  -  -  vis.viiid. 

C.  Cambridge. 
Dry  Drayton 

Vicarages,  or  penfions  out  of 

C.  Lincoln. 

Gedney  -  -  -  -     XL  J. 

Suttertoii  -  _  _  _      XXVI  J. 

(y;  P.  58.               (z)  Ibid.             (a)  p.  60.                 (h)  P.  64.  (r)  P.  64. 

id)  v.  6s.            WP.  72.            (/)P-75-               toJbid.  (A)  P.  76. 

(i)  P.  76.  Evererde  Lei.  Evermve.              {k)  P.  76.                   (/j  Berkeney  Lei. 
(m)  P.  76. 

Sutton 


OF      CROYLAND-ABBEl".  tit 

Penfion.  Patrons. 

Sutton  -  «  -  -  

Whaplode  _  -  -  -  

Hallingtoii         -  -  -  _      xvid. 

Balton  -  -  -  -      XXJ-. 

Langtoft  -  -  -  -vis.xiud.  « 

Burton  Huffey,  alias  Pedwarden  -  

Wellingborough         _         _  _     xl  J",  eleemof.  vij".  viiu/.. 

Hokington,  or  Okington,  co.  Cambridge,  now  in  Queen's 
College,  Cambridge. 

To  St.  Guthlac  were  dedicated  the  churches  of  Fifhtoft,  Market 
Deeping,  Paunton  Parva,  co.  Lincoln,  and  PalTenham,  go.  Bucks. 

Among  the  polTeffions  of  this  houfe  were  the  manors  of 
Bafton,  given  by  Henry  de  Bellomonte  («),  and  Dovedyke  (o). 

Common  of  pafture  lands  and  marllies  in  Pey church  [Peakirk] 
(/))  ;    marfli  in  Holbech  (q). 

Free  warren  in  Croyland,  Langtoft,  and  other  manors  (r). 

Market  and  fair  at  Whaplode  (j),  at  Bafton  (/),  at  Dalton  (//),  and; 
at  Croyland  (a'),  all  in  the  county  of  Lincoln, 

Liberties  in  Croyland,  Spalding,  &;c.  (y  ). 

Tenements  in  Whaplode  (z),  Frell:on(^/),  St.  Martin's  Ic  Grand,, 
London,  &c.  (d). 

Meffuages  and  lands  in  Thirning,  co.  Huntingdon  (f). 

(/;;  Pat.  I  Hen.  IV,  p.  2.  m.  8.     Pat,  4  Hen.  IV.  p,  r,    m.  2.      Pat,  S  Men.  IV. 
p.  2.  m.  6.  (0)  Clauf.  14  Edw.  II.  m.  4. 

(p)  Plac.   Weftm.   25  Hen.  Ill,   rot.  25.     Fin.  in  com,  Northamt,    31  Hen,  111. 
n (y)  Plac.  in  co.  Line.  9  Edw.  I,  alTif,  roc.  4. 

(r)  Cart,  37  Hen,  III   ra.  i. 

f'j)  Cart.  39  Hen,  III.   m.  3.     Pat.  28  Edw,  1.    m.  64.     Cart,   31  EJ-v.  I,    m.  i. 
Cart.  3^;  Edw.  I.   n.  4.  (/)  Cart.  41  Hen.  III.  m.  i,     Pat.  9  Hen.  IV. 

(ti)  Pat,   28  Edw.  I,   p,  2.  m.   21.  m  .  .  .  bis.     Pat,  31  Edw,  I.   n.  i.     Cart.  2,5 
Edw,  I.  n.  4.  (a)  Pat.  9  Hen.  IV,  p.  2,  m.  21. 

(_>')  Quo  warranto  9  Edw,  I,  rot.  4,  (;.)  Pat.  i  Ric.  II.  p.  i.  m.    i. 

{a)  Pat.  ij  Hen.  IV.  p.  i.  m,  11.     Pat.  i4Hen,  IV,  m.  9. 

(i>)  Pat.   17  Rich.  II.  p,  I.   ni,  31.     Pat.  2  1  Rich,  11.   p,  3.  m.  4,    m,  7  vel  8.  5c 
'"•  33'  CO  i'l'ic-  in  CO.  Hunt,  1 4  Edw,  I.  aiBr.  rot.  7  &  8, 

2  Lands 


lii     THE    HISTORY    AND     A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S 

Lands  and  tenements  in  Gedney,  Whaplode,  and  liolbech; 
Vvith  the  churches  of  Triilon  (cl),  Butterwike  (^),  Tofte,  Wefne- 
bury,  Stoniweilria,  and  Burton  ffj. 

Free  warren  in  Croyland,  Langtoft,  Thetford,  co.  Cambridge; 
Buchorp,  Whaplode,  Holbeach,  Dovedyke,  Buckwall,  and  HalHng- 
ton,  CO,  Lin.coln  ;  and  xiii  hides  and  ^  in  Cambridgefhire  (^). 

Lands  in  Ehiiingham  (b). 

Gotelle  wood  in  Rokingham  foreft  (/). 

Church  of  Drayton,  co.  Cambridge  (k). 

MeiTuages  in  Rokington  (/). 

King  John  granted  them  a  market  in  the  manor  of  WelUngbo- 
rough,  in  the  county  of  Northampton  (m),  where  they  had 
lands  (/?),  and  where  ftill  remain  ruins  of  an  old  hall  built  by  the 
abbot  of  Croyland. 

The  boundaries  between  them  and  the  hundred  of  Naffaburgh, 
in  the  fame  county,  were  fettled  in  the  reign  of  Henry  IIL  (o). 

Their  difpute  with  the  abbot  and  convent  of  Peterborough, 
touching  a  place  between  the  waters  of  Nen  and  Welond,  53 
Henry  III.  (/>). 

(d)  Frejlon.  (e)  It  belonged  to  Freflon  prior)'.     Eflon. 

(/)  l'.,t.  28  Edw.  I.  m  .  .  .  bis.     Pat.  3 1  Edw.  I.  m.  i.     Cart.  35  Edw.  I.  n.  4. 

0<)  Ibid. 

(A)  f^Helminf^hain  in  Norfolk  or  Suffolk.  Rec.  in  Scac.  10  Hen.  YIII.  Pafch. 
rot.  :;i.     Ibid.  16  Hen.  VI[[.  Mich.  rot.  72.  (/)  Ckiuf-  16  Edw.  H.  m.  2. 

(P/Pat.  8  Edw.  III.  p.  I.  vel  t    m.  7. 

(/)  Ch  ihkbigton.  P.u.  10  Edw.  111.  p.  2.  m  . .  .  Pat.  15  Edw.  III.  p.  8.  m.  11. 
Pat.  30  Ed.v.  lif.  p.  I.  m.  3  vel  4.      Clauf.  55  Edw.  HI.  m.  11.  &  a- 4. 

(^«)  Cart.  2  Joan.  p.  i.  ni.  6.  n.  39.  vel.  59.  Pat.  28  Edw.  I.  m  .  .  .  bis.  Pat. 
31  hdw.  I.  m.  I.  Cart.  35  Edw.  1.  n.  4.  Confirmation  of  a  grant  between  the 
abbot  and  his  tenants  here.     Pat.  14  Hen.  IV,  m.  23.  vel.  24, 

(//)  I'lac.  in  CO.  rNorihamt.  3  Edw.  111.  rot.  65. 

{0)  Fin.  Northamr.  43  Hen.  lU.  n  .  .  .     Pat.  52  Hen.  III.  m.  8.  dorfo. 

(/)  ^''''^-  5i  lie"'  IH.  n.  21. 


[  I  ] 


APPENDIX. 


N"  L 


Charta  Ethelbaldi. 

ETHEI.BALDUS,  divina  difpenfatione  Rex  Merciorum,  omnibus  catholicii; 
I  fidei  cultorlbus  falutem  perpetuain.  Regi  regum  omnium  &  univerforuin 
Creator!  magna  cam  exultatione  gralias  ago,  qui  me  ufque  ad  prsefens  cuuclis  invo- 
lutum  fceleribus  patienter  I'uftinuir,  mifencorditer  attraxir,  &  ad  fui  nominis  agni- 
tionera  parumper  erexit.  Unde  Deo  adhserere  mihi  bonum  efl,  &  in  ipfo  poneie 
fpem  mcam.  Sed  quid  retribuam  Domino  pro  omnibus  qure  retribuit  milii  ?  Uc 
placeam  coram  eo  in  lumine  viventium  ;  cum  fine  ipfo  nihil  habemus,  nihil  fumus, 
nihilque  valemus.  Magna  enim  aviditate  noftrce  falutis  auftor,  &  univerforum  lar- 
gitor,  acceptat  noftra  minima,  ut  caufam  habeat  retribuendi  maxima  &  infinita 
gaudia.  Se£lantes  ejus  doftrinam  per  opera  mifericordis  fie  confolatur  dicens, 
Q^iod  uni  ex  minimis  meis  feciftis,  mihi  feciftis.  Hinc  efl:,  quod  cum  dilefti  con- 
feflbris  mei  Guthlaci  anachoritx  devoti  inflrutlus  fniffem  confilio,  precibufque  pul- 
fatus,  gratanter  in  hunc  modum  adquievi.  Ad  perpetux  fecuritatis  memoriam  hoc 
chirographo  patent!,  dono,  trado,  &  concedo  omnipotent!  Deo,  Bcata;  Mari«  & 
fanflo  Bartholomaeo  de  dominicis  meis  ad  fundationem  Monafterii  nigrorum  mona- 
chorum,  fub  norma  fanfti  Benedifli  Deo  famulantium,  totara  infulam  Croylandice 
ad  fedem  abbathise  feparatam,  &  feparaliter  obtinendam,  cum  quatuor  aquis  inter- 
clufam  ;  videHcet  cum  aqua,  qu£  dicitur  Schepifliee,  verfus  Orientem,  &  cum  aqua, 
quiE  vocatur  Nene,  verfus  Occidentem,  &  cum  aqua,  qu£  vocatur  Southee,  verfus 
Auftrum,  &  cum  aqua  vocata  Afendyk,  verfus  Aquilonem,  ub!  communis  fewera 
eft  inter  Spaldelyng  &  diftam  infulam.  Et  continet  difta  infuia  in  longitudine 
quatuor  leucas,  &  tres  leucas  in  latitudine,  cum  marifcis  adjacentibus  verfus  Occi- 
dentem ex  oppofito  ejufdem  infuls  ex  urrnque  parte  aqus  de  Weland  :  cujus  una 
pars  verfus  Boream,  vocata  CoggilFound,  continet  duas  leucas  in  longitudine  a 
ponte  de  Croyland,  ubi  fit  ingreflus  ad  infulam,  ufque  ad  Afpath,  &  unam  leucam 
in  latitudine  ab  aqua  Weland  in  Auflrali  parte,  ufque  ad  Apenholt,  verfus  Boream 
juxta  ripam,  &:  habec  pertotam  longitudinem  a?qualitatem  latiiudinis ;  &  altera  pars 
marifci  in  Auftrali  parte  aque  de  Weland  continet  ia  longitudine  duas  leucas  a 

A  pontc 


2  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

ponte  de  Croyland  ufque  ad  Southlake  juxta  lipam  ex  oppofito  de  Afpath,  Sc  habet 
in  latitudine  duas  leucas  ab  aqua  de  Weland  iifqne  ad  Fynfet  juxta  aquam  de  Nene 
in  Auftiali  parte  ejiifdem  marifci,  cum  feparali  pifcaria  in  aquis  de  Weland  8c 
Neene  ufque  ad  fupradii^os  urriufque  marifci  limites,  c<:  in  aquis  omnibus  fupra- 
dicflam  infulam  nmbientibus.  Unde  quendam  copnobitam  Evefliamenfem,  probata^ 
religionis  virum,  nomine  Kenulphum,  ut  fecum  cjufdem  orJInis  monachos  proba- 
tos  ibidem  congregaret,  abbatem  conftitui,  praebens  eis  dc  thcfauro  meo  ad  asdifi- 
cationem  raonaflerii  ejufdem,  primo  anno  trecentas  libras  legalis  monetse,  &  per 
decern  annos  proximo  fequentes,  qaolii)et  anno  centum  libras,  concedendo  eifdem 
licentiam  ad  villam  irdificandam,  five  incliidcndam,  quantum  ex  hiis  duobus  marifcis 
verfus  Occidentem  di£lis  monachis  pro  fe  &  fuis  placuerit.  Qiiare  volo,  quod  prs- 
diifti  monachi  habeant  ilta  dona  mea  cum  omnibus  appendiciis  libera  &  foluta  ab 
omni  onere  feculari,  in  perpetuam  eleemofynam  meam,  cum  omni  commodo,  quod 
evenire  aut  extorqueri  poterit  infra  diftos  limites  tam  lubter  terram  quam  fupra,  cum 
communa  paftura:  pro  omni  genere  animalium,  omnibus  feifonis  *,  fibi,  h  hominibus 
fuis,  five  tenentibus  fuis  fecum  ibidem  moram  facientibus  ex  utraque  parte  aqus  de 
Weland,  videlicet  ex  una  parte  ufque  ad  agrum  de  MedeOiamfted,  &  ex  altera  parte 
ad  x'dificia  de  Spaldelyng,  cum  omnibus  libertatibus,  &  liberis  confuetudinibus, 
quas  regia  poteflas  Hberius  alicui  ecclefia?  in  regno  meo  contulerit  temporibus  re- 
troa<flis.  Et  diflride  prrecipio,  quod  fi  quis  contra  hoc  me:e  auftoritatis  tellamentum 
aliquod  machinari  impedimentum  pra:fumferit,  quo  minus  pacifice  poflideant  aliqua 
per  me  data  &  conceffa,  centum  libras  legalis  monetae  thefauro  meo  perfolver,  nee 
non  di^tis  monachis  pro  damnis  &  expenfis  digne  fatisfaciat.  Deprecor  omnes  po- 
fteros  meos  mihi  ad  regnum  fuccedentes,  ut  banc  pcenam  &  cenfuram  meam  ita  ob- 
fervent  inviolatam,  ficut  voluerint  recipere  debits  juftitix  pracmium,  &  evadere  ra- 
paciratis  fupplicium.  Qui  vero  iftam  eleemofynam  meam  provexerit  &  defenfaverit, 
in  forte  eleftorum  Dei  remuneretur  asternaliter.  Firmatum  eft  hoc  chirographum 
jueum  in  anno  ab  Incarnatione  Chrifti  dccxvi.  quod  &  his  probabilibus  tedibus 
ilinflae  crucis  indicio  fubnotatur.  ►J^  Ego  Ethelbaldus  Rex  Merciorum  gratuico 
confenfu  confirmavi.  ►J*  Ego  Brithwaldus  Dorobernienfis  Archiepifcopus  ratifi- 
cavi.  ^  Ego  Wynfridus  Merciorum  Epifcopus  approbavi.  >i*  Ego  Ingwaldus 
Londonienfis  Epifcop.  mere  confenfi.  ►J*  Ego  Alwindus  LichefFeld.  Epifcopus  adop- 
tavi.  ►Ji  Ego  Tobias  RofFenfis  Epifcopus  collaudavi.  ^  Ego  Ethelredus  Abbas 
de  Bardeney  rauhum  affeftavi.  ►j*  Ego  Egbaldus  Abbas  de  Medeflnamfted  illud 
devote  rogavi.  ►J^  Ego  Egga  Cbmes  Lincoln,  confilium  dedi.  ►J-i  Ego  Leuricus 
Conies  Leyceflriie  ailenfum  pr^bui.  ^J|  Ego  Saxulphus  filius  Saxulphi  Comitis 
corroboravi.  ^  Ego  Ingulphus  Prelbyter  &  humilis  miniller  vocatus  audivi.  ►Jt  Ego 
Ethelbaldus,  licet  indignus,  patientia  tamen  divina  regni  Merciorum  gero  guberna- 
cula,  fumma  cum  fiducia  auiftori  mea  Chrifto  redeo  humiliter ;  de  quo  prophetice 
fcribitur  in  Pfalmo,  Miferationes  ejus  fuper  omnia  opera  ejus:  ejufdem  pietati  me 
totiim  fubmitto,  &  hadx  matris  Ecclefiae  precibus,  beneficiifque  fpiritualibus  com- 
mendo. 

*  Sei/i,  feifana^  Fr.  faifon  from  fatios     Dil  Cange. 

N°  II. 


HISTORY    OFCROYLAND.  5 


N°  II. 

Charta  OJfce  Regis  de  Croyland, 

OF  FA  Rex  Merciorum  omnibus  per  iinivcrfum  regnum  MerciK  philochriiTis 
falutem  perpctuam.  Indefincnter  recolens,  quod  breves  dies  hominis  funt,  & 
in  hac  paucitate  dierum  noflrorum  qucecunque  feniinaveric  homo  meter ;  cupio 
per  vita?  [mere  |  pr^efentis  faudta  opera  mercari  mihi,  &  metere  in  future  pra?mia 
fempiterna.  Ideoque  Patricium  abbatem  Croylandia;,  ac  monachos  fuos  ibidem 
De©  fervientes,  &  fervos  fuos  univerfos,  ipfumque  locum  Croyland,  &  omnia,  qua; 
fiia  funt,  accipio  in  mauum  meam,  &  tanquam  fratres  meos  monachos  de  fando 
Albano,  liberos  &  folutos  effe  ab  omni  onere  feculari,  &  quietos  ubique  per  reg- 
num meum  ab  omnibus  ve£ligalibus  haberi  prjecipio:  &  confirmo  eifdem  pra'diftmn 
monafterium  fuum,  cum  omnibus  polTeflionibus  fuis,  ac  aliis  rebus,  qua^cunque 
cognatus  mcus,  quondam  inclytus  Rex  JEthelbaldus,  fundator  di(^i  monailerii  con- 
tulerat  eifdem,  &  quaecunque  proceres  fui  vel  mei  poflea  contulerunt,  feu  confe- 
rent  in  futurum,  vel  qucecunque  fideles  Chrifti  diflo  monafterio  Croylandise  confe- 
rent  in  asternum.  Iftud  chirographum  anno  incarnationis  Domini  noftri  Jefu  Chrifti 
feptingentefimo  nonagefimo  tertio  ego  OfFa  Rex  Merciorum  conccffi  &  confirmavi. 
>Ji  Ego  ^thelardus  Archiepifcopus  Dorobornienf.  confenfi.  ^  Ego  JEgbaldus 
Epifcopus  Wynt.  fubfcripfi.  ►!*  Ego  Aldrcdus  Epifcopus  Dorcaceftrenf.  fub- 
notavi.  >i*  Ego  Aldulphus  Epifcopus  Lichefeld  collaudavi.  >J<  Ego  Benna  Abbas 
de  Medefhamfted  corroboravi.  *^  Ego  Ccolburga  Abbatifla  de  Berdea  afpiravi. 
*i*  Ego  Heabrichtus  Comes  ad  imperium  domini  mei  Regis  confignavi.  4*  Ego 
Tilherus  presbyter  domini  mei  Regis  OfTte,  ad  ejus  prceceptum  hoc  chirographum 
manu  mea  fcripfi. 


N°  III. 

Charta  Kemdphi  Regis, 

KENULPHUS  Dei  mifericordia  Rex  Merciorum,  omnibus  mediterranei?  An- 
glis  per  univerfam  Merciam  fidem  confitentibus  Chriftianam,  pacem  perfec- 
tam,  fempiternamque  fakitem.  Omnes  &  fmguli  fcitote,  quia  Dominus  famf^um 
fuum  mirificavit  fignis  celeberrimis  &  pr^claris  prodigiis  beaiifilnnim  Chrifti  con- 
fefforem  Guthlacum,  in  monafterio  Croylandenfi  corporaliter  quiefcentera,  &  no-- 

A  2  vis 


4  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

vis  ac  iniiumeris  miraculis,  prout  ego  ac  regina  mea  in  noflra  peregrinatione  nuper 
oculis  noflris  vidimus,  quoiidie  clarius  ad  totius  mundi  notitiam  corufcantem.  Un- 
de  ad  fupplicationenn  religiofifTiini  viri,  k.  fpiritualis  patris  ac  confiliarii  noftri,  do- 
mini  Siwardi  abbatis  difli  monaflerii,  confulente  idem  ac  commonentc  vencrabili 
patre  domino  Wlfredo  Archiepifcopo  Dorobornenf.  tunc  noftr.^  peregrinationis 
comite,  di£lum  monalterium  Croylandiie  cum  tota  in  Tula  r.djacente,  ficiu  in  charta 
quondam  regis  Ethelbaldi  fundaroris  lui  per  limires  eft  dillinCta.  Monachos  etiam 
ejufdem  monafterii,  &  converfos,  ac  fervos  univerfos  in  cuftodiam  capio  mex  pro- 
teftionis.  Infuper  peregrines  omnes  illuc  caufa  devotionis  accedentes,  8c  cum  figno 
fandi  Guthlaci  in  fuis  capuciis,  vel  capcUis  recedentes,  iiberos  &  folutos  ab  omni 
pafTagio,  &  telonio,  ubicunque  venerint  per  totum  regnum  Mercia;  perennirer  effe 
volo.  Sed  &  eleemofj'nam  quam  Thoroldus  vicecomes  Lincoln,  dedit  diftis  mo- 
nachis  in  Bokenhule  ;  item  eleemofynam  quam  Geolphus  filius  Malti  dedit  illis  in 
Halington  ;  item  eleemofynam  quam  Fregeftus  miles  validifTimus,  quondam  magifler 
meus,  dedit  illis  in  Langtoft  ;  &  eleemofynam  quam  Algarus,  miles  etiam  dudum 
meus,  dedlc  illis  in  Bafton  &  in  Repingale,  Deo  ac  lancto  Guthlaco,  difloque  mo- 
nalterio  ac  monachis  in  eo  Deo  fervientibus  in  pernetuam  pofleffioncm  concedo,  con- 
fero,  &  confirmo.  Anno  incarnationis  Chrifli  oftingentcfimo  fexto  iftud  chirogra- 
phum  ego  Kenulphus  Merciorum  Rex  figno  fan<f^a;  crucis  confignavi.  >J<  Ego  Wl- 
fredus  Archiepifcopo  Dorobern.  fieri  confului.  ►Jh  Ego  Kynebertus  Epifcopus 
Winclieiler  fubnotavi.  ►J"  Ego  Wonwona  Epifcopus  Legeceflrenf.  confenfi.  ^ 
Ego  Celredus  Abbas  de  Medefhamfted,  germanus  frater  domini  Siwardi  abbatis 
multum  procuravi.  >J<  Ego  Cuthredus  rex  Cantuariorum,  ad  imperium  domiui  mei 
Regis  Kenulphi,  afTenfum  dedi.  ►J*  Ego  Cclwlphus,  frater  domini  regis  Kenulphi 
approbavi.  ^Ji  Ego  Algarus  minitier  atfui.  ^  Ego  Sigga  presbyter,  prjecipiente 
domino  meo  rege  Kenulpho,  chirographum  manu  mea  Icriptum  in  prasfentia  dic- 
torum  venerabiliam  patrum  &  dominorum  meorum,  praefato  venerabili  domino  Si- 
vvardo  abbati  Croylandias  coramendavi. 


N°  IV. 

charta  Witlafi  Regis. 

WITEAFITJS,  difpcfitione  divina  rex  Merciorum,  omnibus  Chrifticolls  unl- 
verfam  Merciam  inhabitantibus  falutem  fempiternam.  Magnalia  Dei 
prffiJicare  &  publicare  minime  mi  hi  verecundum,  fed  vere  videtur  honorificum  & 
gloriofum  :  unde  aperte  confitebor  Domino,  qui  in  altis  habitat,  humilia  refpiciens 
in  coclo  &  in  terra,  quoniam  ad  tempus  iratus  ell  mihi,  converfus  ell  furor  fuus 
fc  confolatus  eft  me,  humilians  in  ira  fua  peccatorem  ufque  ad  terram,  detraheus 

ufque 


HISTORY     OF    GROYLAND.  5 

vifque  ad  pulvercm,  &c  iterum  in  mifericordia  fiia  fufcitans  de  pulvere  egemiin,  & 
de  flerfore  crigens  paupercra,  ut  fcdeam  cum  principibu-:,  ?c  folium  gloriiv  tciieain. 
In  die  igitur  bonoriim  ne  immemoi-  fun  malorum;  memor  ero  Raub  &  B.ibylonis 
fcientium  iro  ;  non  Rahab  meretricis,  fed  Etheldrirhaj  fanftifllma?  virginis,  cognatai 
mere  pro  fpunfi  fui  agni  immaculati  amore  Croyhmdia:  rcclulir,  6c  in  tempore  trih;- 
larionis  mea-,mc  in  ccUa  lua  quauior  menfnim  fpjtio  diligentifiime  abfcondentis  a  tai.ic 
iiiiniici  8:  pcrfcquentis.:  niemor  etiam  ero  Babylonis,  non  tun  is  ronfufionis,  fed 
ianflilliina''  ccclefia"  Croylandcnils,  ([Ufe  terra  tiirris  ad  ccclum  afcendt-ns  vigiliis  c< 
orationilius,  pfalmis  &  leflionibus,  difciplinis  &  afllicftionibus,  iacrymis  &:  linprdtlbu:, 
cleeraolynis  &  innumeris  aliis  devotiotiibus  pistatilque  operibus,  pro  ficciilo  pecc;;-- 
tore  fortilTimam  violentiam  regno  Goelonnii  ingcrit  die  ac  not\e.  Itaque  quoniarn 
venerabiJis  pater  dominus  Siwardus  abbas  Cro)  landiLC  protexic  me  in  tabcrnacnlo 
fuo  in  die  malorum,  celans  ac  falvans  a  facie  tribulantis  :  ultra  priviiegia  meorum 
anteceflbrum  regum  Merciorum,  qui  prc^diftum  monaflerium  variis  libcrtatibus  & 
donariis  nobilitcr  illudrarunt,  olfcro  &  ego  magno  altari  prcrdidli  monaikrii  de 
panpertate  mea,  calicem  aureum,  cruccm  auream,  &  tabulam  capellie  propri:E 
laminis  aureis  deauratam,  me  profitens  di<flce  ecclelis  perpetuum  pro  viribus  dcfen- 
forem.  Infiiper  pra^cipio  omnibus  minillris  meis  per  univerfam  Rlerciain  conllitutisj 
quod  abbati  Croylandice,  monachis,  &  omnibus  fratribus  illius  fanfliffimi  monafle- 
rii,  cum  ad  civitates  &  caftella  regia  pro  quocunque  negotio  acceflerint,  tanquam 
Wymundo  filio  meo,  vel  mihi,  obediant  in  omnibus  &  minitirent,  nihil  pro  expen- 
fiSj  quas  ipfi,  vel  fecerint  ibidem,  ab  iis  accipientes,  fed  cum  litera  vel  figno  diclo- 
rum  monachorum  arcarius  meus  omnes  expenfas  hujufmodi,  cum  di5ti  miniftri  mei 
annumeraverinr,  pro  fifco  integre  acceptabit. 

Volo  etiam  &  praecipio,  quod  quirunque  in  regno  meo  pro  quocunque  deliflo 
reus  inventus  &  legibus  obnoxius  fuerit,  li  fugeric  ad  diftum  monafterium,  &;  coram 
abbate  diifli  monafterii,  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit,  gratiam  fanftiflimi  confefioris  Cuth- 
laci  ibidem  corporaliter  quiefcentis  invocans,  fidelitatem  ei  &c  fervitium  juraverit 
lempiternum  ;  lalvus  &  fecurus  fub  proteclione  abbatis  &  monachorum  fuorum 
io  quocunque  fervitio  per  totam  infulam  Croylandis  ipfum  profuerint,  ficut  in  afylo, 
vel  in  camera  mea  propria,  pace  mea  &  impunitate  gaudeat,  nidlufque  miniitronim 
meorum  ulla  ilium  infequi  audeat,  nee  in  aliquo  moleftare,  fub  pcena  perditionis 
dextri  fui  pedis,  quicunque  in  meo  regno  iltud  meum  privilegium  tcntavcrit  in 
aliquo  violare  :  licebitque  difto  fugitive  in  quinque  aquis,  qu;£  didlam  infulam  am- 
biunt,  navigare  &  pifcari,  ac  aliter,  quocunque  modo  a  dominis  fuis  allignatus  fu- 
erit, laborare,  abfque  miniftrorum  meorum,  vel  alicujus  altcrius  calumnia  velgra- 
vamine.  Qiiod  fi  extra  diftas  aquas,  vel  metas  difli  monafterii  captus  aliquando 
fuerit,  poenam,  quam  quondam  meruit,  five  mortem,  five  membrorum  fuorum  muti- 
lationem,  fi  miniftri  mei,  vel  quicunque  fui  adverfarii  per  juramentum  fex  homi- 
num  fide  dignorum  probare  poterunt,  quod  extra  metas  luas  inventns  fuerit,  abfquc 
ulla  gratia  fullinebit.  Diftas  vero  metas  monafterii  Croyland  in  quinque  ejus 
aquas  prrediflas,  tarn  miniftris  meis,  quam  abbati  &  monachis  fuis,  pro  luis  diflis 
fugitivis,  dcfcribere  feci  &  notare.  Difla;  namque  aqua?  vocantur  if! is  nominibus  ; 
videlicet  Schepifhee  ad  Orientem,  in  cujus  ripa  Occidentali  crux  lignea  flat  vetuiLi, 

&.diihit 


6  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

&  diflat  ab  ipla  aqira  per  decern  pedes,  jequaliter  pofita  in  medio  inter  duos  angulos 
ejuldein  inrul^v,  Icilicet  Alwiktoft,  qui  eft  anguliis  &  meta  diftae  infulns  contra  Vul- 
turnum,  &  Tedwarker,  qui  eft  angulus  &  meta  diftre  infulns  contra  fubfolanum. 
Secunda  aqua,  qua;  claudit  di<5lam  infulara  ad  auftrum,  vocatur  Southee,  in  cujus 
ripa  eft  polita  crux  lapidea  diftans  a  Namanlandhirne  per  quinque  perticatas,  & 
a  Soutliee  per  lex  perticatas,  ubi  Southee  intrat  in  aquam  de  Necne,  qua  currit  ad 
pontem  de  Croylaud  ;  fed  metse  fugitivorum  in  ilia  parte  diriguntur  in  marifcum 
occidentale  per  Fynfet  contra  Africum,  &  fic  ufque  ad  Folwardftaking  contra  Corura, 
Sc  iic  divertendo  ad  Boream,  ubi  Southlake  intrat  in  aquam  de  Wei  and  ex  oppofito 
lapides  crucis,  c[uvc  ftat  in  boreaii  ripa  diftae  aquje  de  Weland,  diftans  ab  ipfa 
aqua  per  quinque  pedes,  qus  currit  inde  ad  prsditTtum  pontem  de  Croyland  ;  fed 
met^e  fugitivorum  ab  ilia  cruce  diriguntur  in  marifcum  boreale  direfte  ufque  ad 
Oggot,  qui  eft  angulus  metarum  contra  Favonium,  &  fic  redeundo  verfus  orientem 
per  Wodelade  ufque  ad  Apynholt,  &  ibi  afcendendo  per  aquam  de  Weland,  qure 
eft  quarta  aqua  claudens  infulam  in  ilia  parte,  ficut  tenia  aqua  de  Nene  claudit  earn 
ex  altera  parte  pontis  de  Croyland,  ufque  ad  feweram  de  Afendyk  cadeniis  &  in 
Weland,  ubi  ftans  fra<fta  crux  lapidea  diftat  ab  ipfa  aqua  de  Afendyk  per  tres  perti- 
catas in  ejus  ripa  auftrali  ;  &  ipfa  aqua  de  Afendyk  eft  quinta  aqua  claudens  ab  iilo 
loco  infulam  prasdiftam,  contra  Aquilonem  ufque  ad  Afvvyktoft.  Si  extra  iftas 
quinque  aquas  &  metas  prccnotatas  fugitivus  inventus  fuerit,  tanquam  Semei  extra 
Jrrufalem,  publicis  legibus  fubjiciendus,  pcenam,  quam  meruit,  patietur.  Quod 
ii  infra  pra?diftas  metas,  &  pra'-diftarum  aquarum  ripas  exteriores  homicidium,  fur- 
turn,  vel  aliam  forisfafturam  fecerit,  per  ballivos  didi  monafterii  capiendus,  juxta 
demerica  in  ipfa  infula,  cujus  immunitatem  perdidit,  patietur,  &  ibidem  judicandus 
in  carcere  abbatis  condemnabitur.  Et  ut  iftud  meum  privilegium  firmius  &c  fortius 
ad  pofteros  perfeveret,  per  dominum  meum  Egbertum  Pvegem  Weftfaxonljc,  & 
Athelwlphum  filium  ejus,  illud  obtinui  confirmari. 

Oiiero  etiam  fecretario  dicti  monafterii,  in  minifteriura  fanftiflimi  altaris,  chlamy- 
«lem  coccineam,  qua  indutus  eram  in  coronatione  mea,  ad  capam  inde  five  cafulara 
faciendam  ;  &  in  ecclefis  fanctiflimje  ornamentum,  velum  meum  *  aureum,  quo  in- 
fuitur  excidium  Trojcp,  in  meo  anniverfario  (fi  fibi  placuerit)  in  parietibus  fufpen- 
dendura.  Off'ero  etiam  refeftorario  di^li  monafterii,  ad  ufum  prsfidentis  quotidie 
in  refeftorio,  fcyphum  meum  deauratum,  &  per  totam  partem  cxteriorem  barbaris 
vinitoribus  ad  dracones  pugnantibus  ctelatum,  quem  crucibolum  meum  folitus  furn 
vccare,  quia  fignum  crucis  per  tranfverfum  fcyphi  imprimitur  interius,  cum  quatuor 
angulis  iimili  impreffione  protubirantibus ;  &  cornu  menfce  mea?,  ut  fenes  monafte- 
rii bibant  inde  in  feftis  fanclorum,  &  in  fuis  benediftionis  meminerint  aliquando 
animre  donatoris  Witlafii. 

Coniirmo  etiam  difto  monafterio  omnes  terras  &  tenementa,  pofleffiones,  &  earum 
pcculia,  &  omnia  alia  donaria,  quns  prredecelfores  mei  Reges  Merciorum,  &  eoruiti 
proceres,  vol  alii  fidc'es  Chriftiani,  five  Judcfi,  diftis  monachis  dcderunt,  vendide- 
runt,  vel  invadiaverunt,    aut  aliquo  alio  modo  in  perpetuam  poffeffionem  tradide- 

*  Rubeuni. 

4  runt : 


II  i  S  T  O  R  Y     O  F     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D. ,  7 

rant :  Si  fpecialiter  donuin  Tliorokli  quondam  Vicecomitis  Lincoln,  in  Bokcnliale, 
videlicet  duas  carucatas  terrce.S:  dimidiam,  &  viginti  fex  acras  prati,  Sc  quinquaginta 
acras  fylvcc,  [&  lxx  acras]  de  Brufche.  liem  cbnum  Geolphi  fiiii  Maltae  in  Ha- 
Hngron,  videlicet  quatiior  bovatas  terra;  de  Jnlantl,  &  decern  bovatas  in  fcrvirio,  & 
triginti  trcs  acras  prati  in  Gernthorp.  Item  donum  Frcgifti  militis,  viz.  totam  vil- 
1am  dc  I-angtoft,  &  in  eampis  ejufdem  villne  fex  carucatas  terra;  arabilis,  hahentes 
in  longituJine  quinderim  quarentcnas,  &  novcm  quarcntenas  in  iatitiidine,  8c  cei)tu;a 
acras  prati  ;  &  fyivam  &c  aiariicuni  duarum  leucarum  in  longitiidine,  &  duarum  Icu- 
carum  in  Iatitiidine,  ec  eccleiiam  ejufdem  viiJJe,  &  xl  acras  de  eorum  feodo  in 
campo  de  Depyng.  Item  donum  Algari  militis,  [filii  Northlang,]  fcilicet  North- 
land in  Barton,  viz.  quatuor  carucatas  terrje  arabilis,  contineiues  in  longitudine 
ofto  quarentenas,  &  oflo  quarentcnas  in  laiitudine  ;  &  xlv  acras  prati,  &  marif- 
cum  continens  in  longitudine  x\  1  qupirentenas,  h  vni  quarentcnas  in  latitudine  ; 
&  eclefiam  ejufdem  villa;,  &  unum  molendinum,  &  dimidium  alterius  molendini,  85 
totam  pifcariam  in  aqua  a  molendino  verfus  Occidentem  ufque  ad  finem  [ejufdem] 
marifci  [ejufdem  villje]  verlus  Orientem.  Item  donum  ejufdem  Algari  militis  ia 
Repingale,  viz.  tres  carucatas  terrae  arabilis,  &  xl  acras  prati.  Item  donum  Nor- 
manni  quondam  vicecomitis  in  Sutton,  juxta  Bofworthe,  duas  carucatas  terra:.  Item 
donum  ejufdem  in  Badby,  viz.  q'latuor  hidas  terrse  cum  appendiciis.  Item  donum 
domini  Algari  comitis  in  Holbecke,  &  in  Cappelade,  viz.  quatuor  carucatas,  &  fex 
bovatas,  &  oftodecim  acras  prati,  &  marifcum.  Item  donum  ejufdem  in  villa  ta.\ 
de  Spaldelyng,  videlicet  tres  carucatas  terrae.  Item  donum  ejufdem  in  villa  fua  de 
Pyncebek,  videlicet  unam  carucatam  terrx.  Item  donum  ejufdem  in  Algarkirke 
villa  fua,  videlicet  undecim  bovatas  terras :  &  in  parochia  de  Sutterton  tres  caruca- 
tas terra;,  &  unam  bovatam,  &  viginti  fex  acras  prati,  &  quatuor  falinas,  cum  ec- 
clefia  ejufdem  villse.  Item  donum  Ofwii  militis  in  Draytona,  videlicet  ofto  hidas 
terrci?,  &  quatuor  virgatas,  &  ecclefiam  ejufdem  villje.  Item  donum  Alketelli  coci 
mei  In  Glapihorn,  videlicet  tres  virgatas  terras.  Item  donum  WIgeti  [quondam] 
pincernae  mei,  in  Peiekyrke  tres  virgatas  terras.  Item  donum  [EdulphiJ  nuncii  mei 
in  Laithorp,  unam  bovatam  terrve.  Item  donum  Siwardi  vicecomitis  in  Kyrkebv, 
tres  bovatas  terras,  unam  manfionem,  &  tria  cotagia.  Et  in  Staundon  donum  Sig- 
burgE  comitiffas,  quinque  hidas  terrse.  Et  donum  Wlnoti  dapiferi  mei  in  Adyng- 
tona,  videlicet  duas  hidas  terra?,  S:  pifcariam,  cum  advocatione  ecclefias  ejuldem 
villas;  &  in  alia  Adyngtona  ex  done  ejufdem,  unam  virgatam  terrte.  Idas  terras 
&  tenementa  prasdlfto  monafterio  Croylandite,  &  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus, 
in  pacificam  &c  perpetuam  pofleffionem  concede,  trado,  &  confirmo,  habenda  de  me 
&  h;eredibus  meis  quibufcunque  Regibus  Merciorum  pod  me  lucceiRiris,  in  perpe- 
tuam &  puram  eleemofynam,  libere,  quiete,  &  folute  ab  omnibus  oneribus  fecu- 
laribus,  exa6lionibus,  veciigalibus  univerlis,  quocunque  nomine  cenfeantur.  Quod 
(i  quis  adverfarius,  inlligante  diabolo,  in  quibufcunque  prsdi^tis  terris  aut  tenemcn- 
tis,  tot  regum  pacifice  pofl'effis,  &  eorum  auflcritate  confirmatis,  calumniam  ponere 
voluerit  in  futurum,  me  &  fucceflbres  mcos  Reges  Merciorum  profiteor  pr^efenti 
chirographo  &  polliceor,  di<fli  monafterii  futures  in  perpctuuin  defenfores. 

Iflud 


S  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

iriiul  cliirographum  meum  domino  Siwardo  abbati  patri  meo,  &  Etheldridra; 
Janet  ill!  mx'  virgini,  pro  Chriiti  amore  ibidem  reclufai,  carne  quide:n  cognatce  me£B, 
led  (quod  magis  e(l)  in  Chrifto  cariffinioe  forori,  quondam  piomiflum  in  prtefentia 
dominorum  meorum  Egberti  Regis  Weftfiixonite,  &  Athelvvlphi  filii  ejus,  coram 
pontificibus  &  proceiibus  majoribus  totius  Angli;^,  in  civitate  Londonia  (ubi  omnes 
congregati  fuimus  pro  confilio  capiendo  contra  Danicos  piratas  littora  Angliae  af- 
lidue  inkllantes)  figno  fanfts  crucis  confirmavi.  ^  Ego  Celnothus  Archiepifco- 
pus  Dorobornienlis  conlului.  ^  Ego  Enbaldus  Archiepifcopus  Eboracenfis  con- 
lignavi.  ►J"  Ego  Ofmundus  Londonienfis  Epifcopus  collaudavi.  ^  Ego  Helmftanus 
Epifcopiis  Wintonienf.  affenfum  prcebui.  ^  Ego  Herevvinus  Epifcopus  Eichefel- 
dcnfis  confenli.  ►J*  Ego  Cedda  Herfordenfis  Epifcopus  afpiravi.  ►J*  Ego  Adellla- 
jius  Schireburnenfis  Epifcopus  procuravi.  >^  Ego  Humbrichtus  Helman  *  Epifcopus 
approbavi.  ►J^  Ego  Wilredus  Dommocenfis -j- Epifcopus  annui.  ►J"  Ego  Herferdus 
Wigorn.  Epifcopus  gratum  habui.  >^  Ego  Godwinus  Roffenfis  Epifcopus  favi. 
>J<  Ego  Hedda  Abbas  de  Mcdefliamfted  ratificavi.  ►Jf  Ego  Ambertus  Abbas  Ripa- 
dii  I  interfui.  >i*  Ego  Kynewinus  Abbas  de  Bardeney  afliti.  ^  Ego  EgbertusRex 
Weflfaxonite  conceffi.  ►J*  Ego  Adelwlphus  filius  Regis  Weftfaxonise  confcnfum  de- 
di.  >^  Ego  VVlhardus  Dux  afTui.  ^  Ego  Athelmus  Dux  audivi.  ►J*  Ego  He- 
rcnbrichtus  Dux  acceptavi.  t^  Ego  Swithunus  Prelbyter  Regis  Egberti  prsefens 
fui.  >J<  Ego  Bofa  fcriba  Regis  Withlafii  manu  mea  chirographum  iftud  fcripfi. 
►p  Ego  Withlafius  Domini  nodri  Jefu  Chrifti  gratia  Rex  Merciorum,  ad  fanftsc 
Matris  Ecclefi^  honorem,  &  divini  cultus  exaltationem,  anno  Incarnationis  ejufdem 
noftri  Salvatoris  oftingentefimo  tricefimo  tertio,  in  fefto  fandi  Auguftini  confefforis, 
doftoris,  Sc  Apoftoli  nollrs  gentis,  h-cc  pauca  ofFcro,  pluraque  ofFerrem,  quin 
corpus  meum  in  morte  mea  tam  fan£lo  monafterio  promittcrem,  nifi  ante  fepulturara 
meam  Ripadio  devovifi'em.  Veruntamen  fpiritus  meus  permanebit  vobifcum  in  ae- 
ternum. 


N°    V. 

ERTULPHUS    Rex  Merciorum   venerabili   patri  domino    Siwardo    abbati 

Croylandiie,  omnibufque  fratribus  fuis  monacbis  ejufdem  monailerii  prsfcn- 

tibus  &  futuris,  falutcm  in  Domino  fempiternam.  Gratias  debitas  vobis  omnibu? 
dignillime  reddo  pro  pecunia,  qu;i  me  per  vos  dudum  prcetereuiuem,  in  mea  maxi- 
ma indigentia,  contra  Paganorum  violcntiam  gratiifimo  8c  liberalilTmio  animo  refo> 
•villis.  Quo  tempore  quia  de  injuriofis  damnis  vobis  per  quofdam  veftros  adverfa- 
rios  malitiofe  niniium  iilatis  mihi  graviier  conquelli  eftis,  qui  nequiter  infidiante? 
in  exterioribus  ripis  aquarum  veftrarum,  fi  didlas  ripas  afcendcrent  in  pifcando  qui 
de  fugitivis  fervi  \cftrl  funt  effcfti,  &  pari  modo  multotiens  cuflodientes  [termir.osj 

*  Eliiihani.         -j-  Duiwicb.         J  Repton. 

mar  f- 


HISTORY     OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  IX  9 

marifcorum  vcflrorinn,  fi  forte  oves  &  boves  am  cerer.i  aninialia  vcflra  longius  cr- 
rantia  iTvocire  difti  fervi  vefhi  exccdcreiir,  ut  eofdcp.i  fervos  vcllros  extra  veftniin 
inUiIa'.n  inventos,  velut  irnnunitaris  furc  violatorcs,  pulilicts  legibus  fiiLiicerent  & 
damnarenr,  licqne  ncceil'c  iuit  iicqucininime  vel  ditftos  fervos  veftros  in  manus  ho- 
ftiiiin  luoriim  iiicidere  &  pcrire,  vcl  eoriim  labores  aJ  julhim  commodum  vennim 
non  proccdere.  Propofita  ergo  tali  querela  veftra  per  fratrem  AJkillinn  comiiicna- 
chum  veftrum  palam  coram  preclatis  &:  proceribus  toiius  regm  mei  Mercix  apud 
Beniiigdon  ultimo  congregatis,  omnibus  tenerrime  compadeiuibus  fupc-r  ejufa.cdi 
vobis  illatis  inJLirlis,  ad  honorcm  Dei  f<  i^in£>s  matris  ecclefias  rclevationcm,  confi- 
dcrantibus  etiam  &c  collaiidanribiis  univerils  perfeinonem  I'anctillini^  rciigionis  ve- 
ftra, pro  majorc  pace  &  (piicte  veflri  facri  monalterii,  complacuit  privilegia  domi- 
ni  Withlifii  regis,  fracris,  S:  pra?dec'jflbris  mei,  de  impunitate  vobis  coiicefT:!,  dc- 
clarare  Sc  dilatarc,  in  cleemofyiiain  anim;c  mea;,  declarataque  ac  dilatata  meo  chiro- 
grapho  conlirmare. 

Quaproptcr  pra;cepi  Radboto  vicedomino  Lincolii..  ceterifqiie  miniflrls  meis  in  ilia 
patria  conllirutis,  infulam  veftrani  Croylandiir,  ac  terminos  marifcorum  venrorum 
circuire  &  defcribtre,  mihique  &  confilio  meo,  ubicunquc  in  ultimo  pafchs;  fuiffe- 
mus,  fiJeliter  $c  iucide  demon ftrarc  :  qui  jufla  complentes,  iftis  noiuinibus  inluLc 
veflr^  marifcorum  veflrorum  circuitum  raihi,  S:  confdio  meo,  fanftum  pafcha  nof- 
trum  tunc  apud  Kyngefbury  tenentibus,  aperte  defcriptum  obrulcrunt.  Claudit 
enim  infulam  vcflrani  de  Croyland  ad  ejus  Oriencem  (prout  anticjuitus  per  earn  do- 
tav'it  monaRerium  veftrum  inclytus  quondam  Rex  Mercia;  Ethelbadus  fundator  vcf- 
ter,  &  ceicri  Reges  Merciorum  fui  fucccllbrcs  fuis  chirograp'nis  ccnfirmaverunt)  ab 
Afwyktofthirne  ufque  ad  Tcdwarthar  aqua  de  Schepilbee,  babens  diclam  infulam  in 
parte  fua  Octidentali,  &  marifcum  de  Cappeladc  in  parte  fua  Oricntali :  Si  dc 
Tedwartliar  ufque  ad  Namanflandhiine  claudit  earn  aqua  dc  Southcc,  habens  diclam 
infulam  in  parte  fua  Borcali,  &  fylvam  de  Ancarig  in  parte  fua  Aullrali ;  &:  d 
Namanflandhirne  ufque  ad  pontem  de  Croyland  claudit  earn  aquade  Nceue,  habens 
diftam  infulam  in  parte  fua  Orientali,  £;  mavifcum  veftrum  dictum  Alderlound  in 
parte  fua  Occidentali:  &  de  ponte  de  Croyland  ufque  ad  Wc-deladniouth  claudit 
cam  aqua  de  Weland,  habens  di^^am  infulam  in  parte  fua  Occidentali :  &  de  Wo- 
delademouth  ufque  ad  communem  feweram  de  Afendyk  claudit  earn  praxlicla  aqua 
<le  Weland,  habens  diftam  infulam  in  parte  fua  Aullrali,  &  marifcum  de  Spaldc- 
lyng  in  parte  fua  Boreali:  &  dc  praidifta  fewera  ufque  ad  Afwykfoft  claudit  eani 
prccdifla  aqua  de  Afendyk,  habens  diftam  infulam  in  parte  fua  Auflrali,  &  marif- 
cos  dc  Spaldelyng,  Wefton,  &  IMuIton  in  parte  fua  Boreali.  Marifcorum  vero 
veflrorum  jacentium  ex  oppofito  infuht  veflr£e  de  Cro}'land  ad  ejus  occidentem, 
limites  &  termini,  per  eofdem  miniilros  meos  defcripti,  nominibus  ilVis  mihi  funt 
oblati :  viz.  de  Namanflandhyrne  ufque  ad  Fynfet,  k  inde  ufque  ad  Groynes,  &  in- 
de  ufque  ad  Folwardftakyng,  &  inde  verfus  Boream  ufque  ad  Weland,  ubi  Soutli- 
kke  intrat  de  Weland,  &:  fic  tranfeundo  ipfam  aquam  de  Weland,  &  afcendendo  ad 
Afpath,  &  inde  verfus  Boream  ufque  ad  Wcrvvcrlake,  &  fic  per  Harynholt,  ufque 
ad  Mengerlake,  &  inde  ufque  ad  Oggot  "five  Dcdmanflake,  &  fic  per  Apynholt  8e 
Wodelade  verfus  Orientem  ufque  ad  Wodeladmouth,  qui  efl  terminus  infula?  vcOra; 
in  ilia  parte  contra  Boream,  ficut  Namannandhyrne  eft  terminus  infuhv:  veftra:  con- 

■i'  ■  tra 


e 


10  APPENDIX         TO         THE 

tra  Auflrum.  Comnmnia  ctiam  pafturce  omnium  animalium  -vellrorum  proteiulltur 
u'tra  dicVos  terminos  marifcorum  vellronini  verfus  Audrum  ufque  ad  agrum  inona- 
choriunfecclefiie]  de  Mcdefliamfted,  &  verfus  Occidentem  ufque  ad  agrum  monacho- 
rum  cccleliic  fanfta;  Pegx- in  Aullrali  marifco  de  Weland,  &  in  Boreali  marifc  ) 
prorendicur  verfus  Occidentem  ufque  ad  a.'dificia  de  Depyng,  &  verfus  Boreani  uf- 
que ad  a^dificia  de  Spaldelvng,  omnibus  anni  temporibiis,  prout  a  fundatione  mo- 
naflerii  veflri  haftenus  omnia  prffitacia  pacilke  poffcdillis.  Pro  fervis  ergo  veflris, 
quos  de  fugitivis  live  pifcatores,  five  pailores  vobis  tacietis,  cum  communi  confilio 
totius  regni  met  concedo  f.intto  monafterio  veflro  ultra  exteriores  ripas  quinque 
agrorum  claudentiiim  inkilam  veilram  viginti  pedes  in  latitudine  ab  ipfa  aqua,  ubi- 
cunque  afcenderint  ad  rctia  fua  extrahenda,  aut  ad  alia  fua  necefiaria  in  terra  folida 
peragenda.  Similiter  quocunqae  protcnditur  animalium  veftrorum  communia  in 
prsediiftis  marifcis,  illuc  cxtenditur  fugitivorum  veftrorum  licentia,  ut  fi  forte  in 
agros  contiguos  ex  temperate,  vcl  alio  infortunio,  vel  latrocinio  abdufla  fuerint ; 
confentientibus  omnibus  prailatis  &  proceribus  meis,  concedo  ipfis  fugitivis  vellris, 
quod  ficut  alii  liberi  homines,  animalia  vefl:ra  proedifta  perfcquantur,  &  meliori 
modo,  quo  poterunr,  repetant  &  reducant,  &  quafi  in  ecclelia  fua  effent,  pace  mea 
&  impunitatc  per  totam  viam  fuam  gaudeant :  fubque  mutilatione  membri  magis  ne- 
celfarii  nulius  eos  audeat  moledare,  vel  in  aliquo  contrariari. 

Infuper  pro  difti  VVithlafii  quondam  Regis,  fratris  &  prajdecefforis  mei,  proqne 
redemtione  meorum  peccatorum,  cum  communi  confilio  gratuitoque  coufcnfu  om- 
nium magnatura  Piegui  mei  concedo  Deo,  &  beatiffimo  confeflori  fuo  S.  Guthlaco, 
facratillimoque  monafterio  veftro  CroylandicF,  quod  per  totum  regnum  meum  Mer- 
cia?  abbas,  monachus,  converfufve  facri  monafterii  veftri,  qui  nunc  eflis,  vel  qui 
vobis  fuccedent  in  futurum  jioll  vos,  ibidem  Domino  fervituri,  pro  quocunque  nego- 
tio  procefTerint,  de  d\^\s  fugitivis  viae  fu£  famulos  ticenter  fibi  faciant  &  producanr, 
inque  pra-fentia  difli  abbatis,  monachi,  vel  converfi,  ubique  per  regnum  meum, 
ficut  in  ecclelia  lua  Croyland,  falvi  pcrmaneant  &  fecuri,  ac  ab  omni  periculo  im- 
munes-penitus  &  indemnes,  fub  mutilatione  membri  magis  dileiTti,  fi  quis  iftud  pri- 
rilcgium  meum  attentaverit  in  aliquo  temere  violare.  Quod  fi  extra  prsdiftos  vi- 
ginti pedes  in  ripis  exterioribus  aquarum  veftrarum,  aut  extra  villatas,  quie  com- 
munia vobifcum  vendicant  in  Occidentalibus  marifcis  veftiis,  ex  utraque  partte  aquae 
de  Weland,  aut  alibi,  vobis  abfentibus,  abfque  viatica  litera  abbatis  loci  veflri, 
talis  fugitivus  repertus  fuerit,  juxta  demerita  legali  fupplicio  fubjacebit. 

Declaratis  itaque  terminis  tarn  infulcc  veflrse,  quam  marifcorum  veftrorum,  decla- 
ratis  etiam  ad  honorem  D^i  privilegiis  domini  Withlafii,  ac  aliorum  Regum  Mercijc 
prcedecefTorum  meorum,  vobis  niagnificc  conccflis,  complacuit  unanimiter  mihi  ac 
univerfo  confilio  meo,  veftra  omnia  loca  mei  auftoritate  regii  chirograph!  confirmare. 
Confirmo  ergo  vobis,  8c  [omnibus]  fuccefforibus  veftris  regulam  fanfti  Benedifti 
fiib  habitu  veftro  tam-  nunc  profcfiis,  quam  port  vos  profelfuris,  principalem  veftram 
ecclefiam  Croyiandia^,  in  qua  venerandir  reliquia?  fanftiffim.i  Chrifti  coufefforis,  & 
patroni  vcftri  beati  Guthlaci  corporaliier  tumulati,  ultimam  rcfuricftionem  feliciter 
Gxpeftant ;  totamque  infulam  adjacentem,  prout  per  terminos  fuos  fuperius  declara- 
60S  miniftrorum  meorum  diligentia  fuiilcientiirime  eft  defcripta,  in  fcdem  feparalem 
abbathiM   vcllrnr,  in  fitum  fpeclalem  monaflerii  veftri,  h  in  veftrum  plenum  do- 

miuium 


II  I  S  T  O  Pn.  Y     O  F     C  R  O  Y  I,  A  N  D.  n 

min'uim  fiiiguKu-itcr  (\-  pcrpetuo  polTidenduni,  una  cum  duohns  niarifc'is  jaceniibns 
aJ  ejus  Occidcincm,  viz.  Alderflound  in  Anllrali  parte  aqua:  de  Weland,  £c  C.'or- 
giil(juiul  in  cjurclcra  aquvc  parte  Borcali,  per  leniiinofj  fiiniliter  lliperius  dcc'.aratos. 
U.vc  eft  hicrctliras  Poinini,  dos  ecclelix-  Chrifli,  folum  fanfl^  Maricc  Sc  beat!  Bar- 
tholomxi  Aportoli,  fancli  Gutlilaci  monachorumque  fuorum  fanftnarium  facraiifTi- 
mumj  &:  monaflcrium  ab  omni  terrcno  I'orvitio  lilierriimiin,  iilnflriniinori'im  Rcgum 
eleemofyna  fpeclalis,  &  in  omni  tribulaiioiie  univcrhs  locus  rcfugii  fingularis,  man- 
fio  fandtorum  perpetua,  &  pofleHio  viris  rcligiofis  communi  Regni  coiililio  fpeciali- 
ler  approprlata,  proque  freqnentibus  miruculis  fluKliflirai  confefibris,  inter  vineas 
Engaddi  balfami  inatcr  feinper  fertilis,  &  pro  Regiim  privilegiis  Bofor  in  folitudine, 
omnibus  poenitentibus  civitas  gratioE:  &  ialutis.  Si  quis  fucrarium  Iioc  violaverit, 
vel  in  aliquo  vexavcrit,  vindicabit  in  ilium  dextera  mea,  &  hojredes  mei,  quicunque 
pod  me  iuerint  luijus  rejMii  Mercia>  perennitcr  Iceptrigeri  fuccefforcs. 

Confirmo  etiam  Deo  &  lanilo  Guthlaco,  facroque  monafterio  veflro  Croylandix; 
de  dono  Fregifti,  cpiondam  militis  domini  Kcnulphi  Regis,  ecciefiaj  de  Langtofc'  & 
in  campis  ejufdcm  villiE  lex  carucatas  terrrr,  habentes  in  longitudine  quindecim 
quarentenas,  &  novem  quarentenas  in  latitndinc,  &  centum  acras  prati  &  fylvatn 
h  marifcum  duarum  leucarum  in  longitudine,  &  duarum  leucarum  in  latitudine, 
&  XL  acras  de  codem  feodo  in  campis  tie  Depyng.  Confirmo  etiam  Deo  &  lanfto 
Guthlaco,  facroque  monaflerio  veflro,  de  dono  Algari  militis,  filri  Nortlilang,  ec- 
clefiam  de  Tetford  cum  capella  fandi  Johannis  Evangeliftrc  de  Badon,  &  in  eadcin 
parochia  quatuor  carucatas  terrte,  continentes  in  longitudine  0(flo  quarentenas,  S: 
ofto  quarentenas  in  latitudine,  &  xlv  acras  prati,  &  marifcum  continentem  in  lon- 
gitudine fexdecim  quarentenas,  &  ofto  quarentenas  in  latitudine  ;  8c  unum  molen- 
dinum,  Sc  dimidium  alterius  molendini,  &  totam  pifcariam  in  aqua,  ficut  circuit 
pratum  vellrum  verfus  Orientem  ;  &  de  dono  ejnfdem  Algari  militis  in  Repingale 
tres  carucatas  terrrr,  Sc  lx  acras  prati.  Confirmo  etiam  Deo  ?c  fanfto  Guthlaco,  fa- 
croque monafterio  veflro  de  Croyland,  ex  dono  Algari  comitis,  patris  junioris  Al- 
gari, qui  nunc  efl,  ecclcfiam  de  Cappelade,  cum  capella  fanfti  Johannis  Baptifl^ 
in  eadem  villa,  &:  in  campis  tarn  de  Holbcch,  qunm  de  Cappelade,  quatuor  caru- 
catas terrir  arabilis,  &  fex  bovatas,  &  otlodecim  acras  prati,  &  marifcum  duo  mi!!c 
acrarum,  &  marifcum  tres  mille  acrarum  :  &  de  dono  ejufdem  Algari  comitis  fe- 
nioris,  ligneam  capellam  fxnftcc  Marine  per  Spaldelyng,  quce  Anglice  Stokljym  aj)- 
pellata  iita  efl  in  Orientali  parte  fluminis  ejufdem  vilkr;  &  in  campis  tarn  de 
Pynchbek,  quam  de  Spaldelyng,  quatuor  carucatas  ternv,  Sc  totam  pifcariam  pra?- 
dicli  fluminis  a  ponte  qurc  ducii  de  ccemcterio  prsdift^E  capellx  fancls  Maria?,  ad 
ccEmeterium  lapidetc  capella;  famfli  Nicholai,  Sc  Anglice  Stonyn  appcllat.e,  qua," 
fita  eft  in  Occidcntali  ripa,  in  manerio  prsdifti  comitis  Algari,  qui  dedit  ipfam 
pifcationem  a  pr^diclo  ponte  ufque  ad  feweram  de  Afendyk  Deo  h  fandto  (iuth- 
laco  de  Croyland,  pro  annivcrfario  die  patris  fui  omnibus  annis  in  veflro  monaflerio 
folenniter  celebrando.  Confirmo  etiam  Deo  Sc  fanflo  Guthlaco,  facroque  monafle- 
rio vellro,  de  dono  ejufdem  comitis  Algari  fcnioris,  ccclefiam  de  Sutterton,  tres 
carucatas  terrcc  arabilis,  8c  duodecim  bovatas,  8c  vig-kti  fex  acras  prati,  &  quatuor 
falinas.  Et  de  dono  Ofwii  militis  in  Drayton,  ofto  liidas  terra^,  Sc  quatuor  virgatas. 
Confirmo  etiam  Deo  &  fainTlo  Guthlaco,  facroque  monafterio  veflro,  de  doiio  Afl^e- 

B  z  telH, 


r2-  APPEI^TDIX         TO         THE 

tel'.i,  tVes  virgatas  terrje  in  Glapthcrne.  Et  de  dono  Wlgeti  tres  virgatas  terr.-f  In 
Peiekyrk.  Ec  de  dor.o  Edalphi  de  Laithorpe  unam  bovatam  terra?.  Et  de  dono 
Sivvardi  vicedomini  in  Kyrkehy  tres  bovatas  terra,  unarn  manfionem,  tria  cotagia 
Et  de  dono  Sigbiirg-x  coiriitifTie  in  Siaundon  qainque  hidas  terrJe.  Et  de  dono 
^Vhioti  in.Adyngton  duas  hidas  tena",  cum  advocatione  ecclefia;  ejufdem  villa; 
&  in  alia  Adyngton  de  dono  ejufdem,  unani  virgatam  terra?.  Confirmo  etiam  Deo 
&  fanfto  Gutblaco  facroque  monaftcrio  vefbq,  de  dono  Thoroldi  vicedomini  Lin- 
Gohi.  in  Bukenhale  duas  carucatas  terra?  &  dimidiam,  &  viginti  lex  acras  prati,  & 
L.  acras  lylvrc,  [_Sc  feptuaginta  acras]  de  Brufce.  Confirmo  etiam  Deo  &  fanflo 
Guthlaco  facroque  monallerlo  veftro,  de  dono  Geolphi  fill!  Malti  in  Halyngton 
quatuor  bovatas  terrx  de  Julando,  &.  decern  bovatas  In  fervitio,  6c  xxxiii  acras 
prati  in  Gernthorpe  dc  eodem  feodo.  tLrc  omnia  fupradida,  ecclefias,  capelhts, 
terras,  tenementa,  pafturas,  plfcationes,  maneria,  manfiores,  molendina,  mcrfca, 
&  marifcos,  libera  &  foluta  ab  omnI  fervitio  fcculari  &:  onerc  tcrreno,  conccdo  vo- 
bls  Sc  fuccefforibus  veftris  in  perpetuum  ;  &  pra?fentl  meo  chirographo  confirmo 
in  regiam  eleemofynam  meam,  pro  anima  domini  Witblafii  quondam  regis,  fratris 
&  pr^edecefToris,  &  pro  animabus  omnium  progeniiorum,  parentum,  &:  amicoruai 
meorum.  Et  emancipo  ab  omni  debito  regis,  &  omnis  alterius  domini,  &  hominis, 
cujafcunque  fuerit  dignitatis,  excellenticp,  vcl  honoris,  ut  niliil  a  modo  de  veftrl  fa- 
cri  monafterii  CroylandiiT?  monachis,  llteratis,  aut  laicis,  fervis,  aut  tenentibus 
veflrls-,.  exigere  poterunt,  prrxner  orationes  vcltras  &  bcneficia  fpiritualia,  quo  gra- 
tiam  beatHrnni  confefloris  Chrifti  fandi  Guthlaci  apud  vos  corporaliter  quiefcentis, 
in  noftris  adlplfci  necefTitatlbus  jugiter  mereamur. 

Cum  ergo  unanimi  confenfu  totius  pra?fentis  confilii  hie  apnd  Kyngesbury  anno 
Incarnationis  Chrifli  Domini  oclingcnteffimo  quinquagefimo  prirao,  feria  fexta,  in 
hebdoma'Ja  palchs,  pro  regni  ncgotiis  congregati,  iflud  ineum  regium  chirogra- 
jihum  fanclte  crucis  figno  flabillter  &  imrautabiliter  confirmavi.  ^-I-i  Ego  Ceohiothus 
Archieplfcopus  Dorobernen.  fanus  &  incoUuuis  tarn  mente  quam  membiis,  raanu 
iTiea  confignavl.  >-J<  Ego  Svvithulphus  Londonienfis  Epifcopus,  In  melpfo  exper- 
tus  gratiam  Del,  &  fancHifiimi  confelToris  fui  Guthlaci,  humili  devotione  ad  juffio- 
ncm  domini  mel  Regis  ilhid  chirographum  diftavi,  8c  inter  cetcros  dominos  epifco- 
pos  in  ordine  mco  lubfcripfi.  >J^  Ego  Swithunus  Wintonlenfis  Epifcopus,  gaudens- 
?c  hrtus  quotiens  aliqulbus  miraculis  piiirinuis  Dominus  LT^tificat  civitatem  fuam, 
faniftam  inatrcm  nollram  ccclefiam,  f.nic  Regis  chirographo  fubnotavi.  <^  Elflanus 
Schireburnenlis  Epifcopus,  dcvotus  &:  perpetuus  debitor  fanfli  Guthlaci,  privilegio 
f.m^^  ecclefiiE  fua?  cougratulans,  fignura  feci.  kJ*  Ego  Orkenwaldus  Lichefelden. 
Epi'copus,  hihiris  ac  iilacer  in  cunftis  fanflx  eccleini;  profperis  fuccefTibus,  prom- 
td  anlmo  coUaudavi.  >^i  Ego  iiethunus  Legerccenfis  Epifcopus,  fdius  r.c  famu- 
las  landli  G.uthlaci,  quamdiii  vixcro,  grat.mter  procuravi.  t-J*  Ego  Godwinus 
Ilolk'uf.  Epifcopus,  honorem  Dei  per  hoc  chirogiaphum  ardenier  afieiftavl.  ^ 
Eg:)  Wlfardus  Abbas  Evelhamcn..  appro'.avi.  >-T-<  Ego  Livingus  Abbas  Winche)- 
cii'.nbae  commendavi.  fji  Ego  Hedda  Abbas  Medefhamfted  diligenter  procuravh 
>J*  Ego  Enulphus  Du^:  confcnfi.  kJ^  Ego  Elherus  Comes  annul.  ^  Ego  Hnda 
Comes  aflenfum  dedi.  ►Jt  Egp  Ollac  pincerna  Regis  lithelwlphl,  Sc  legatas  ipllus 
dom'.ni  mei,  ^  filiorinn  hiorum,^  nomine  i.'lorujn^Sc  omnium  Wcllfaxonum,  ifcud 
3  cbiro' 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y     O  F    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  13 

chirograplram  domini  Bertulphl  Regis  plurimum  commendavi.  ►J-i  Ego  Beiculphus 
Rex  Mercioruin,  palam  omnibus  pi\xMatis  &  proceribus  regni  mei,  divinam  depre- 
cor  majeflatern,  quaccnus  per  interceffioncm  lamfliJlimi  confeflbris  fui  fanfti  Guth- 
hici,  omniLimque  ranftoruin  fuorum,  Uimittat  niihi  &  omni  populo  meo  ])eccata  nof- 
tra :  &  ficut  per  aperta  miracula  fua  nobis  oil:eiidere  dignatus  eft  mifericordiam 
fuam,  fie  (upcr  Faganos  hoftes  fuos  dare  nobis  dignetur  in  omni  certamine  viclori- 
am;  &  pod  prasfentis  vita;  fragilem  curium  ia  confortio  fanftorLmi  fuorum  gloriam 
fcmpiternam.     Amen^ 


N°  VL 


Charta  Ethelwlphi  Regis  de  decimis  totius  AngUcZ. 

R EG N ANTE  Domino  noftro  in  perpetuum,  dum  in  noftris  temporibus  bel- 
lorum  incendia,  &  direptiones  opum  noftrarum,  nee  non  &  vaftantium  crude- 
liHiinas  hoflium  depr^edationcs  barbararum  paganarumque  nationum,  mukiplices 
iribulationes  ad  affligendum  nos  pro  peccatis  noftris  ufque  ad  internecionem,  tem- 
pora  cernimus  incumbcre  periculofa:  quaraobrem  ego  Ethelvvlphus  Rex  Weftfax- 
onum,  cum  confilio  epifcoporum  ac  principum  nieorum,  confiiium  falubre  atque 
cmiforme  remedium  affirmantes,  confenfmnis,  ut  aliquam  portionem  terrarum  he- 
reditariam  antea  poiTidentibus  omnibus  gradibus,  five  famulis  &  famulabus  Dei  Deo 
iervientibus,  five  laicis  miferis,  Temper  decimam  manfionem,  ubi  minimum  fir,  turn 
decimaui  partem  omnium  bonorum,  in  libertatem  perpetuam  donari  fanftse  ecclefiae 
dijudicavi,  ut  fit  tura  &  munita  ab  omnibus  fiscularibus  fervitutibus,  imo  regalibus 
tributis,  majoribus  &  minoribus,  five  taxationibus,  qua;  nos  dicimus  IFynterdsn^ 
fitque  libera  omnium  rerum,  pro  remiflione  aniraarum  &  pcccatorum  noftrorum, 
ad  ferviendum  Deo  fiali,  fine  expeditione,  &  jionris  extrudtione,  &  arcis  munitionc, 
ut  CO  diligentius  pro  nobis  ad  Deum  fine  ceilatione  preces  fundant,  [quo]  eorum 
fervitutem  in  aliqua  parte  levigamus.  Afla  funt  haec  apud  Wintoniam  in  ecclefia 
fanc\i  Petri,  anno  Dominica  incarnationis  dccclv  indi(fi^ione  tenia,  Nonas  Novem- 
bris,  ante  majus  alture,  pro  honore  gloriofe  virginis,  &  Dei  genetricis,  Marix,  lanc- 
tique  Michaelis  Archangeli,  &  bcati  I'etri  Apoftolorum  principis,  nee  non  &  beati 
pairis  noftri  Gregorii  papa:,  prsfentibus  &  fubfcribentibus  Archiepifcopis  &  Epif- 
copis  Anglic>;  univcrfis,  nee  non  Beorrcdo  INIerciac,  &  Edmundo  Eftangiorum  regc, 
Abbatum,  &c  Abbatiffarum,  Ducum,  Comitum,  procerumque  totius  terra?,  aliorum- 
que  fidelium  infinita  multitudine,  qui  omnes  regium  chirographum  laudaverunt;  dig- 
nitates  vero  fua  nomina  fub  fori  pier  unt.- 


Is°  VII, 


14  APPENDIX        TO        T    II    E 

N°  VII. 

Chart  a  BcorrcdL 

BEOPvPvEDUS,  hrgiente  Dei  gratia.  Rex  Merciorum,  omnibus  provinclis,  Sc 
populis  earum  unlverfam  Merciam  inhabitamibus,  &:  fidem  cacholicam  con- 
lervantibus,  lalutem  fempiternam  in  Domino  noftro  Jhefu  Chriflo.  Quoniam,  pec- 
catis  noftris  exigentibus,  maiium  Domini  fuper  nos  extenfam  quotidie  cum  virga 
ferrea  cernimus  nodris  cervicibus  imminere ;  necefiarium  nobis  h.  I'alubre  arbitior, 
pi  is  fanclffi  matris  ecclefiie  precibus,  eleeniofynaiuirque  liberis  largitionibufque  ira- 
tum  Dominum  placatum  reddere,  &  dignis  devotiouibus  ejus  gratiam  in  noflris  ne- 
ceffitatibus  auxiliariam  implorare  :  ideoque  &  ad  petitionem  flrenuifTimi  comitis 
[Algaci],  mihi  meritoque  diled;iffimi,  conceffi  regio  chirographo  meo  Thcodoro 
abbati  Croylandiaer,  tam  donum  didli  comitis  Algari,  quam  dona  aliorura  fidelium 
praeteritorura  ac  prjefentium  didto  fuo  fanclo  monaflerio,  in  eleemolynam  etiam  ani- 
mtE  inejp,  &  in  remiffionem  meorum  criminum,  devotione  libera  confirmare.  Con- 
firmo  ergo  Deo,  &  fanftiflimo  confeffori  fuo  Guthlaco  Croylandite,  raonachirque 
omnibus  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus,  &:  in  perpetuum  fervituris,  totam  infulam  fuam 
monafterio  adjacentem,  prout  in  cliirographis  inclyti  quondam  Regis  Mercioruip 
Ethelbaldi  fundatoris  fui,  ac  aliorum  regum  pvffideceffbrum  meorum,  per  limites  8c 
terminos  eft  defcripta,  in  fitum  feparalem  abbathi^e  fua%  cum  duobus  marifcis  ja- 
centibus  ex  oppofito  ejufdem  infuhe  ad  Orientem  ex  iitraque  parte  aqux  de  We- 
land,  viz.  cum  Alderlound  in  parte  Auftrali,  &  cum  Goggiflound  in  parte  Bore- 
aii,  eifdem  terminis  quibus  eos  ab  initio  habuerunt.  Confirmo  etiam  pr£edi6lo  mo- 
nafterio  Croylandia?,  de  dono  pr^edifli  dileftiffimi  mihi  inclyti  comitis  x\lgari, 
manerium  fuum,  quod  fitum  eft  in  Oriental!  parte  fluminis  in  Spaldelyng ;  cum 
quatuor  carucatis  terrs  arabilis,  &  xxiv  manfionibus,  &  lxxx  cotagiis  in  eadem 
villa  de  Spaldelyng-,  &  de  dono  comitis  Algari  fenioris,  patris  fui,  ligneam  capcl- 
1am  fanflce  Mari*  fitam  in  eadem  parte  fluminis  in  Spaldelyng,  cum  quatuor  caru- 
catis terr«  adjacentibus  ex  utraque  parte  fluminis,  tam  in  campis  de  Pynchcbek 
quam  de  Spaldeling;  &  de  dono  ejufdem  comitis  Algari  ecclcfiam  de  Cappelade, 
cum  quatuor  carucatis  terrce,  &  vi  bovatis,  &  xviii  acris  prati,  Sc  merfco  duarum 
acrarum  in  litore  maris,  &  marifco  in  acrarum  contiguo  aquas  de  Shepifliee  clau- 
denti  infulam  fuam  de  Croyland  ad  ejus  Orientem  ;  &  de  dono  ejufdem  comitis 
Algari  eeclefiam  de  Sutherton  cum  capella  de  Saltney,  &  iii  carucatas  terra?,  xxii 
bovatas,  &  xxxvi  acras  prati,  tam  in  campis  de  Algarkyrke,  quam  de  Sutherton, 
fc  cum  quatuor  falinis  in  eadem  villa.  Similiter  confirmo  prjedifto  monafterio  de 
Croyland,  de  dono  Ofwii  militis  in  Dreytona  vni  hidas  terra;,  &  iv  \irgatas,  & 
eeclefiam  ejufdem  villx'.  Similiter  confirmo  praedidlo  monafterio  de  dono  Morcardi 
militis  mci  totam  terrain  fuam  de  Depyng,  cum  cc  manfionibus,  Sc  cotagiis  cccc 

&  dua- 


HISTORY     OF     C  R  O  Y  I,  A  N  D.  15 

&c  diinbns  ecLlcfiis  ;  viz.  quicquid  habuit  in  cadem  vill.i,  h  in  campis  eiiis,  ab  nqiia 
dc  We  land  ad  Aurtrum  iifque  ad  campos  dc  Langctoft  ad  ejus  Aquiloncm,  &  inter 
c.impos  de  Tulington  ad  ejus  Occidcnteni  nfquc  ad  Afpatli  in  marifco  ad  ejus  Ori- 
e.itcin.  Similitei- confirmo  prcedifto  raonaikrio  de  dono  Fregifti  militis  Langetofr, 
cum  omnibus  terris,  8c  marifcis,  qux  piitdiftus  l'"regi(lns  habuir  in  cadcm  villa,  & 
cum  ccclefia  ejufdem  vllUr.  Similiter  confiimo  pra-diflo  inonaflerio  de  dono  Al- 
gari  militis  fiiii  Northlang,  in  Ballon,  &  in  'lYtford  omncs  terras  cc  lencmenta 
qua^  diftus  Algarus  habuit  in  ecclefia,  &  capella  landi  Johannis  in  cadem  villa  ; 
&:  de  dono  eiufdem  Algari  in  Repyngale  in  carucatas  terra?  arabilis,  &  ix  acras 
grati.  Similiter  confirmo  pra?diiSto  monafterio  dc  dono  Normanni  quondam  vice- 
domini  in  Sutton  juxta  Bofworthe  duas  carucatas  terms,  &  unum  molendinuiiv 
ventrieium  ;  &  de  dono  ejufdem  Normanni  in  Stapihon  mancrium  fuum,  &  duas 
carucatas  terrs ;  &  de  dono  ejufdem  Normanni  in  badby  iv  hidas  tcrrs,  cura 
manerio,  &  xxx  acris  prati.  Similter  confirmo  pr^ditto  monafterio  de  dono  Tho- 
roldi  quondam  vicedomini  Lincoln,  in  Bokenhale  11  carucatas  terrcu  &  dimidiam 
&  XXVI  acras  prati,  8c  l  acras  fylvs,  [&  lxx  acras]  Brufche.  Similiter  confirmo 
prffidiclo  monafterio  de  dono  Geolphi  filii  Malti  in  Halyngton  quatuor  bovatas 
terrct  de  Juland,  &  x  bovatas  in  fervitio,  S:  xxx  acras  prati  de  eodem  fcodo  de 
Gerunthorpe.  Similiter  confirmo  prsdifto  monafterio  de  dono  Aflcctelli  in  Glap- 
thorn  tres  virgatas  terrje  -,  &  de  dono  Wulgeti  in  Peykyrk  tres  virgatas  tertcE  ;  8c 
de  dono  Siwardi  in  Kyrkeby  III  bovatas  terrs,  unam  nianfionem,  &  in  cotagia  ; 
&  de  dono  Edulphi  in  Laythorpe  unam  bovatam  terrrc  ;  h  de  dono  Wulnoti  iu 
Adyngton  duas  hidas  terrie  8c  pifcariam,  cum  advocatione  ecclefia?  ejufdem  villa-; 
Sz  in  Adynion  unam  virgatam  terri^  ;  8c  de  dono  Sigburgce  comitifh-e  in  Staundon  v 
hidas  ttrrce  ;  &c  de  dono  Grymketelli  unam  hidam  &  dimidiam  in  Thirming. 

Hac  omnia  pra;nominata,  infulam,  marifcos,  &  merfca,  ecclefias,  8c  capellas, 
maneria,  manfiones,  ?^  cotagia,  fylvas,  terras,  8c  prata,  concedo,  conftituo,  8c  con- 
firmo Deo  8c  fanflo  Guthlaco,  libera,  foluta,  8c  emancipnta  ab  omni  onere  terreno 
Sc  fervitio  feculari,  pro  animabus  prcpdictarum  rerum  donatorum,  Sc  pro  merito 
animcE  meee,  8c  animarum  omnium  progenitorum  ac  ha;redum  nieorum,  in  eleemo- 
fynam  seternam  abbati  Theodoro,  8c  raonachis  fuis  in  Croylandenfi  monafterio  Do- 
mino fervientibus  perpetuo  poftTidendum.  Iftud  regium  chirographum  meum  anno 
incarnationis  Domini  noftri  jhefu  Chrifti  oflingentefimo  fexagefimo  oflavo,  Calend. 
Augufti,  apud  Snothryngham  coram  fratribus,  8c  amicis,  8c  omni  populo  meo  in 
obfidione  Paganorum  congregatis,  fanfta:  crucis  munimine  confirmavi.  ^  F.go 
Ceolnothus  Archicpifcopus'^Doroborn.  fubnotavi.  ►Jc  Ego  Elftanus  Londonienfis  epif- 
copus  corroboravi.  ^  Ego  Edmundus  Schireburnen.  epifcopus  collaudavi.  ►Ji  Ego 
Alcwinus  Winton.  epifcopus  commendavi.  >^  Ego  Kynebertus  Lichefelden.  epif- 
copus confignavi.  ^  Ego  Ethelbertus  Hereford,  epifcopus  crucem  meam  feci. 
►p"  Ego  Wifius  abbas  Evefliamen.  approbavi.  ►Jt  Ego  Hcdda  de  Mcdeftiamftcd 
abbas  confenfum  dedi.  y^  Ego  Tivinus  *  abbas  de  fan<5lo  Albano  confuiui.  ►£< 
Ego  Ethelredus  Rex  Weftfaxoniic  afl"enfum  prrcbui.     ►Ji  Ego  Alfredus  frater  Re- 

*  No  fuch  name  occurs  in  the  lill  of  Abbots  of  St.  Albacs.  The  r.ame  that  comes  nearcfl  to  it  is  U!- 
fil^  or  Uifin. 

giff 


1(5  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

siis  Weftfaxonicc  confenfi.  y^  Ego  Edmundns  Piex  Eftan^lice  iMocura-vi.  kJi  Ego 
Adelredus  dux  favi.  ►J^  Ego  Oftertus  dux  anniii.  ►J*  Ego  Alganis  comes  iAud 
devote  fieri  deprecans  a  domino  meo  Rege  gratlofe  impetravi.  )^  Ego  Wulkclnus  ■'"■ 
comes  adjuvi.  t^  Ego  Adclwlpluis  comes  conceffi.  ►J*  Ego  Tnrgotiis  comes  con- 
lenfu  >^<  Ego  Alcmundus  comes  conlideravi.  ►J*  Ego  Diga  comes  interfui.  kJ-< 
Ego  Lctwinus  comes  afpexi.  ►J*  Ego  Burkardus  comes  confcripfi.  >J<  Ego  Afce- 
rus  comes  affui.  >^<  Ego  Thurftanus  comes  flabllivi.  ►J*  Ego  Reynardus  comes 
confului.  <^  Ego  Tilbrandus  comes  fubfcripfi.  ►J*  Ego  Beorredus  Rex  Meiciorum 
intimo  animi  afFeftu,  totifque  pra^cordiis,  gratias  exoJvo  fpeciales  omni  exercicui 
meo;  maximc  tamen  viris  ecclefiaflicis,  Epifcopis,  &  Abbatibus,  abis  etiam  infe- 
rioris  flatus  &  dignitatis;  qui,  licet  piifllmro  memorise  Rex  quondam  Eiheiwlphus 
pater  meus  per  facratifluTiam  chartam  fuam  ab  omni  expeditione  militari  vos  libe- 
ros  reddiderit,  ?c  ab  omni  fervitio  feculari  pcnitus  abfolutos,  dignillima  tamen  mi- 
ieratione  fupcr  opprelliones  Chriftiams  plebis,  ecclefiarumque,  ac  monaftericrum 
deftruftiones  luftuolas  benigniffime  compaffi,  contra  nefandiffimos  Paganos  in  exer- 
ciuiin  Domini  promti  &  fpontanei  conveniftis,  ut,  tanquam  martyres,  Chrifti  cuUiis 
fancto  fanguine  veflro  augeatur,  &  barbarorum  fuperftitiofa  crudelitas  cfTugeiur. 


Ts^°   VIII. 


Charta  Mdredi  Regis. 

I  AX  in  fumiricE  Trinitatis  nomine,  Patris,  &  Filii,  S:  Spiritus  Sanfli,  Amen. 
^^  Ego  Edredus  Rex  terrenus  fub  imperiali  potentia  Regis  feculorum  a:ternique 
principis,  magnae  BrittanijE  temporale  gerens  imperium,  univerfis  Chriflianis  tarn 
prcefentibus,  quam  pofteris,  falutis  beiieficium  in  authore  ftlutis.  Vobis  liqueat 
■omnibus,  quod  per  devotam  fuggeftionem,  &  frequentera  provocationem  dele^li 
clerici  &  cognari  mei  Turketuli  mihi  faftam  fuper  reparatione,  reliaurauone,  ac  ii- 
bertate  facrolaniftiE  ecclefis  h  monaflerii  Croylandenfis,  in  qua  reconditfe  funt  re- 
liquite  fanfti  Gutlilaci  confefToris,  &  anchoritje,  non  modicum  condolui,  &  com- 
paifus  fum,  tam  pro  dcpopulatione  fanflir  matris  ccclefije,  quam  pro  minoratione 
beneficiorum  fpiritualium,  pro  animabus  progcnitorum  meorum  per  opera  miferi- 
cordire  muhipliciter  &  frequenter  impcnforum  ;  recolens,  ibi  cocnobinm  nigrorum 
monachorum  ordinis  fanfti  Benedifti  a  nobili  rege  Merciorum,  Er.helbaldo  nomine, 
quondam  Alwionis  filio  effe  fundatum,  affluenter  ditatum,  &:  regalibus  priviiegiis 
lufficienter  munitum^  ut  per  infpecfbonem  chartarum  ejufdem  Ethclbaldi  ad  lecuri- 
tatem  di<^orum  monachorum  compofitarum,  fatis  erat  confilio  meo  declaratum.  Sed 
pofl:  multorum  temporum  curricula,  per  Paganorum  cxercitum  erat  devaflatum,  & 
xum  omnibus  ornameatis  k  moiiumentis  compluribus,  igne  crematum  h  confumtum 

*  Or  Wul/keid. 

Ubi 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    O  F    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  17 

tlbi  prn?di.flus  Turketulus,  qui  juxta  Pfalmifts  vocetn  prophcticam,  'odit  ecclcfiam 
malignantium,  &  dilexit  decorem  domus  Domini,'  pio  llimulatus  defidcrio,  di<flum 
ccEnobiiim  reparare  &  resdificare  fummopere  inolirur.  Hie  homo  divina;  caritatis 
zelo  in  tantum  accenfus  ell,  ut  cordc  ac  corpore  fe  ovili  Duminico  ibidem  mancipa- 
re  indefmenter  adoptat.  Unde  quinque  monachi  fenes  in  eadem  infula  lutitantes, 
de  quibus  duo  a  difpeifione  regrefli,  de  ejufdem  Turketuli,  &  aliorum  jurifpcriro- 
rum  confilio  informati,  quafi  graviter  formidantes  ja(?luras  &  difpendia  varia,  futu- 
ris  temporibus  inopinate  emergentia,  [prius]  totam  abbathiam  cum  omnibus  poflef- 
fionibus  [fuis]  obtentis,  &  ejufdem  Turketuli  folicitudine  recuperatis,  meo  ctiam 
favore  adquifitis,  cum  fex  maneriis  de  prcediis  fuis  ha;rcditarii?,  in  raanum  meam 
[regiam]  funditus  &  fponte  refignarunt,  ut  per  meam  redonationem  de  fiiiiiiori  & 
liberiori  ex  tunc  &  in  pofterum  gratulantur  pofTellione.  Sed  quum  fosJus  verbo 
folummodo  initum  dum  a  memoria  fuerit  devolutum  in  materiam  contraiiitur  li- 
tigiofam,  nifi  rei  geflfe  perennis  fcripti  patrocinium  fuftVagetur:  hinc  eft,  quod  f^epe 
diftum  Turketulum,  cum  prn?fatis  monachis  jam  in  liabitu  adunatum,  grato  meo 
confenfu  &  affcnfu  abbatem  ejufdem  monafterii  conftituo;  &  tarn  abbathiam,  quam 
omnes  pofTefliones  fie  recuperatas,  &  mihi  refignatas,  ex  dono  meo  regali  de  cctero 
in  [perpetuam  &]  puram  eleemofynam  illis  monachis,  &  omnibus  fuccefforibus  ec- 
rum  fub  eadem  regula,  &  eodem  habitu  fanfti  Benedifti  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus, 
trado,  dono,  8c  confirmo,  &  in  hunc  modum  per  fingula  declarare  difpono. 

Imprimis  totam  infulani  Croylandise,  pro  gleba  ecclefise,  &  pro  fitu  feparali  ejuf- 
dem monafterii,  cum  his  limitibus  diftin^tam;  videlicet,  a  ponte  de  Croyiand  iriao- 
gulo  per  aquam  de  Weland  verfus  Spaldelyng  ufque  ad  Afendyk,  ubi  Afcndyk 
cadit  in  aquam  de  Weland,  ex  Boreali  parte  crucis  lapidea;  per  prsdiclum  'I'urke- 
tulum  ibidem  affixre;  &  fic  furfum  verfus  Orientem  per  Afendyk  ufque  ad  Afwyk- 
toft,  &  inde  ufque  ad  Schepilhee  in  Orientali  parte  ejufdem  infulce,  &  fic  ufque  ad 
Tedwarthar,  &  ibi  intrando  Southee  ufque  ad  Namanflandhyrne,  ubi  crucem  lapi- 
deam  atEgi  prai'cepit  idem  Turketulus,  diftantem  a  Southee  per  fex  perticatas ;  & 
[fic]  in  ilia  aqua  fit  divifio  duorum  comitatuum,  Lincolnite  videlicet  &  Grantebri- 
gia?,  &  diftat  eadem  crux  ab  aqua  de  Neene  verfus  Occidcntem  per  quinque  perti- 
catas;  &  inde  per  eandem  aquam  de  Neene,  ficut  currit  ad  fupra  diftum  pontem  de 
Croyiand  ;  cum  feparali  pifcaria  tam  in  aquis  omnibus  ambientibus  eandem  infulani 
qujm  in  ftagnis  &  paludibus  infra  fitum  inclufis  i  una  cum  marifcis,  &  alneiis  adja- 
centibus  verfus  Occidentem  ex  oppofito  ejufdem  infuUv,  in  omnibus  Lincolniie  co- 
mitatui  annexis,  &  refpondentibus,  &  per  bos  limices  in  hunc  modum  determinatis, 
videlicet  a  Namanlandhyrne  per  aquam  de  Neene  verfus  Occidenem  ufque  ad  fiaem 
faftum,  ubi  crux  lapidea  defixa  eft  juxta  ripam  ;  &  ab  inde  ufque  ad  Grinis,  &  fic 
ufque  ad  Folwardftakyng,  &  inde  ufque  ad  Southlakc,  ubi  Southlake  cadit  in 
aquam  de  Weland,  &c  fic  tranfeundo  eadem  aquam,  8i  incipiendo  ad  Kcnuiphfton 
juxta  ripam  ex  oppofito  de  Southlake,  ubi  primus  abbas  a  fundatione  ejufdem  mo- 
nafterii, nomine  Kenulphus,  pofuit  crucem  lapideam  pro  jimiie  inter  Croyiand  &c 
Depyng;  8c  ab  inde  tendendo  verfus  Boream  juxta  Afpatli  uique  ad  Wervvarlake, 
&  fic  ufque  ad  Harynholt,  &c  deinde  furfum  per  Mengeilake,  8c  L.urtake,  &  ibi  fmu 
limites  dividentes  Hoyland  8c  Keftevene ;  8c  inde  ufque  ad  Oggot,  2c  fie  ufque  ad 
Apvnholt,  five  alio  nomine  Wodclade,  ubi  Wodelade  cadit  in  aquam  de  Wtland  : 

C  cum 


i«  APPENDIX         TO        THE 

cum  omnibus  appendiciis,  &  omni  commodo  quod  poilit  cvcnirc  five  cxtorqueri 
infra  fupradl(5los  limites,  tam  fubter  terram,  quam  fiqira  ;  cum  communa  paltufL-e 
[bmne  tempore  anni  pro  omni  gencre  animalium,  fibi  h  omnibus  hominibus  fuis 
live  renentibus  lecum  infra  diiflos  limites  cohabitantibus,  &  eric  ilia  communa  paf- 
turce]  in  marifcis  adjacentibus  ex  utraque  parte  aqua:  tie  Wcland,  videlicet  ex  una 
parte  ab  ipfa  aqua  ufque  ad  agrum  de  Medelliamfted,  &  ex  alia  parte  ab  eadem 
squa  ufqae  ad  cdificia  de  Spaldelyng,  cum  feparali  pifcaria  in  eadem  aqua  de  Wc- 
land  a  Kenulphrton  ufque  ad  pontem  de  Croyland,  [&  in  aqua  de  Ncene  a  limite 
Finefafto  nomine  ufque  ad  pontem  de  Croyland]  &  ab  inde  in  eadem  aqua,  h  in 
aqua  de  Weland  coadunatis,  ufque  ad  Afendyk  :  pofllint  etiam  dic\i  monactii  de  eif- 
dem  marifcis  verfus  Occidentem  adjacentibus,  pro  fe  &  hominibus  five  tenentibus 
fuis,  inciudere  croftos  five  pratum  circa  pontem  feparaliter  quantum  illis  placucrir. 
Quare  volo,  quod  difli  monachi  habeant  prsedia  itta  de  donatione  &  contirmatione 
mea,  libera  Sc  foluta  ab  omni  caufa  &  onere  feculi,  &  omnes  libertates,  &  liberas 
confuetudines,  cum  omni  illo  quod  adpellatur  Socha,  Sacha,  Tol  &  Tem,  Infang- 
thef,  Weif,  &  Stray,  &  cum  hiis  legitime  appendentibus  in  puram  h  perpetuain- 
eleemofynam  meam. 

Prjpterea  trado,  dono,  &  confiimo  eifdem  monachis  has  poUllTiones  eidem  corno- 
bio  ex  donatione  antiqua  procerum  regni  mei  ab  olim  dependeutes:  videlicet  in 
l.incolnOiire,  in  Spaldelyng  tres  carucatas  terrae ;  in  Pyncebek  unam  carucatam 
rerr-.i? ;  in  Cappelade  tres  carucatas  terrcr,  fex  bovatas  terrx,  8c  duodecim  acras 
prati,  cum  ecclefia  ejufdem  villu; ;  in  Algare  duodecim  bovatas  terrce  ;  in  Donnel- 
dyk  duas  carucatas  terrae,  &  viginti  acras  prati  ;  in  Drayton  unam  carucatam  terra-, 
&  fex  acras  prati,  h  qnatuor  falinas-,  in  Burtoft  unam  bovatani  terra^,  cum  foclui, 
facha,  ?c  cum  ecclefia  de  Siitte'-ton;  in  Bokenhale  duas  carucatas  terr:v,  &c  dimi- 
diam  ;  E-i  viginti  fex  acras  prati,  &  quinquaginta  acras  iylva*,  &  fexaginta  S:  de- 
cern acras  de  brufche ;  in  lialynton  decern  bovatas  terra" ;  cum  quatuor  hovatis  de 
Juland,  &  cum  triginta  duabus  acris  prati  de  codem  feodo  in  Gerunithorp  ;  iiv 
J,.uv.itofc  fex  carucatas  terrse  arabilis  (&  babet  quindecim  qaarentenas  in  longitudine,. 
&c  ni,vem  qu.ircntenas  in  latitudine)  6c  centum  acras  prari,  &  fylvam,  &  marif- 
cum  dtiarum  leucarum  in  longitudine,  &  duarum  leucarum  in  latitudine,  &  eccle- 
fiani  ejufdem  villa,  quadraginta  acras  de  eodem  ieodo  in  campo  Deping  ;  in  Baf- 
ton  apud  Tetford  quatuor  carucatas  terras  arabilis,  &  quadraginta  quinque  acras 
prati,  cum  ecclefia  ejufdem  villx,  &  cum  fexdecim  quarentenis  marifci  in  longitu- 
dine, &  ofto  quarentenis  in  latitudine,  cum  uno  molendino  aqnatico,  &  dimidio 
moiendino ;  in  Pvepyngalc  tres  carucatas  terrre  arabilis,  &  fexaginta  acras  prati;  in 
I.aithorp  unam  bovatam  terra;  in  Kyrkby  tres  bovatas  terra>,  unam  manfionem,  & 
tria  cotagia.  In  Northamtonfchyr,  inWedlyngburgh  fex  hidas  terra^  &  dimidiam,  cum 
ecclefia  ejufdem  vilUe,  cum  focha.  facha,  he.  in  Adington  tres  hidas  terra',  cum 
advccaiione  ecclefras  ejufdem  villas;  in  Helmyngton  tres  hidas  terrce ;  in  Glapthorn 
tres  virgatas  terrs  ;  in  Wyrthorp  unam  hidam,  h  dimidiam,  cum  uno  molendino 
aquatico  ;  in  Peykyrke  duas  virgatas  terra; ;  in  Badby  manerium,  &  quatuor  hidas 
ttrrsie,  cum  triginta  acris  prati.  In  Huntyngdonfchyr,  in  Morberne  quinque  hidas 
terra",  cum  advocatione  ecclefise  ejufdem  villa;;  in  Thiring  unam  hidam  &  climidi- 


II  I  S  T  O  R  Y     O  F    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  19 

ain  terra*.  In  Leyrceflrefliire,  in  Bedby  decern  carucatas  tcrrie,  &  dimidiani,  cum 
ccclefia  e'lulcicm  villip;  in  Sutton  duas  carucatas  terrje;  in  Stapilton  duas  c;irucatas 
tcrrf?.  In  (irantehrvgefliire,  in  Kotenham  iindccim  liidas  terra;,  cum  ndvocaiione 
cccleliee  cjufdcm  vilht^  akcrnis  vlcibus  ;  in  Hokitton  fejucm  hidas  terra:,  &  dlinidi- 
am,  cum  ecclelia  ejufdem  villa? ;  in  Drayton  odlo  liidas  terra?,  &  dimiuiam,  cuai 
advocatione  ecclefia;  ejufdem  villcC.  In  Ilurtfordfliire  in  Staundon  quinquc  hidas 
terra;. 

Et  volo,  quod  di(5H  monachi  fint  quieti  &  ibluti  ab  onini  fcotto,  geldo,^  auxiliis 
vicecoinitum,  hydagio,  &c  a  fcfla  in  fchyris,  wapuntakis,  hundrcdis,  thrithingis, 
St  omnimodis  aliis  curiis,  &  feculi  oneribus  univerfis.  Et  prscipio,  quod  oirines 
homines  fugitivos,  quos  iidem  monaclii,  per  teftimonium  quatuor  vcl  quinquc  ho- 
niinum  fide  dignorum  coram  vicecomite  in  patria  in  qua  tales  manent  pijflunt  afTi- 
dare  fuos  nativos  elle,  veducantur  per  pra;di6um  vicecomitem  in  abbathiam  eoruin 
cum  omnibus  catallis  £<.  fequelis  eorum,  omni  reclamatione  &  reluftarione  abinde 
remota  &  annuliata.  Et  fi  quid  prius  egerint  in  traudcm  dominorum  fuorum,  illud 
caffatum  omnino  decerno.  Et  fi  quis  hominum  nativorum  fuoru-n,  vel  native  (!e 
eis  tenentium,  aliquod  dcliiflum  feccrir,  pro  quo  catalla  fua  debeat  perderc,  ipfa 
catalla  pra^diftis  monachis  integre  liberentur,  ubicunque  fadla  fuerit  julHtia.  Et 
volo,  quod  fi  vicecomes,  vel  aliquis  de  ballivis  feu  miniftris  meis,  repertus  |  fuerit] 
ncgligens,  vel  protrahens  eorum  negotia  contra  juris  ordinem  &  libertates  carum, 
fit  in  foristaftura  viginti  librarum  thefauro  meo  folvendarum. 

Et  ne  aliquid  omittatur  quod  ad  fecuritatem  jurium  &  libertatum  eorum  mona- 
cliorum  prsfenti  charts  convenit  inferere,  faltem  propter  eos,  quos  plus  terret 
difpsndium  temporale  vita;  prsfentis,  quam  fupplicium  gehennale  perpctuo  dura- 
turura  :  diitride  praecipio,  quod  omnes  &  finguli,  cujufcunque  fuerint  giadus  vcl 
conditionis,  qui  prx>fentis  fcripti  i'anftionem,  contra  formam  &  efFecluni  voluntatis 
mett  exprelfx  in  eodem,  in  aliquo  violate  nituntur,  perturbare,  vel  minuere  procu- 
rant,  confdio,  auxilio,  vcl  favore,  quo  minus  pacifice  poflideant  aliqua  dona  fdji 
conccfla,  vel  vefcantur  aliquibus  privilegiis  fuperius  memoratis  ;  fint  condcmnati 
in  pcena  forisfafturas  centum  librarum  legalis  moncts  thefauro  meo,  hcrrcdiim,  vel 
fuccefforum  meorum  perfolvendarum,  quoties  fic  attentate  prsefumferint ;  ncc  non 
quod  fatisfaciant  diftis  monachis  pro  damnis  et  cxpcnfis  per  eos  fibi  fyctis  vtl  iilatis 
taxandis  per  juramenta  quatuor  vcl  quinque  hominum  fide  digncrum,  per  quos  rci 
Veritas  melius  agiiofci  poterit,  coram  judicibus  meis,  hseredum,  vel  fucceflbrum  me- 
orum definiendis.  Ut  fic  qui  feculo  fponte  renuncianr,  etfe  jugo  dominico  mar.cipa- 
runt,  &:  jam  fafti  funt  mundo  mortui,  abfque  mundi  turbine  &  inquietuoinc  libe- 
ram  habeant  facultatem  divinas  vacate  contemplationi. 

Ida  donaria  (licet  minima)  ad  laudem  fumnia^  Trinitatis,  ?c  in  preiium  rcdemt!o- 
nis  animrc  mecc,  praxliflis  monachis  devotus  perpetuavi  &  ftabillvi,  in  anno  incar- 
natione  [fempiterni  principii]  Domini  noltri  Jelu  Cliirilti  nongentefimo  quadragcfur.o 
octavo,  in  prjefentia  Archiepifcoporum,  Epifcoporum,  &  Procerum  Regni  mei  ful)- 
Icriptorum.  ^  Ego  Odo  Dorobcrnienfis  Archicpifcopus  coufilium  &  confeniuin 
meum  ad  iflud  dedi.  ►x'  Ego  Wlllanus  Archiepifcopus  Eboracenfis  devotus  fubno- 
tavi.  >^  Ego  Alfredus  Schyreburn.  Epifcopus  afFedavi.  ►^  Ego  Kynfius  Liche- 
tcld.  Epifcopus  confenfi.     >i>  Ego  Kynewaldus  Wygorn.  Epil(:opus  ifiud  faftum  cor- 

C  2  rcboravi. 


lo  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

roboravi.  ►Ji  Ego  Ceohvulphus  Dorcacell.Epifcopiis  dcfidenvi.  ►^  Ego  AthelwokUis 
Abbas  Abendonenfis  approbavi.  ►J^  Ego  Dunftaniis  Abbas  Glafloiiirt  mnltum 
adoptavi.  *^  Ego  OIliic  Dux  ad  inflantiam  doinini  mei  Regis  collaudavi.  >p<  Ego 
Brithnothiis  Dux  commendavi.  >^  Ego  Alcinus  Comes  tavi.  *^  Ego  Aigulfu? 
Comes  confignavi.  >^  E^go  Piadbodiis  Comes  confenfnm  dedi.  ►J*  Ego  Byngulph 
VIcedominus  conruUii.  ►J*  Ego  Alfer  Vicecomes  audivi.  ►■p"  Ego  Farceus  Minifter 
interfui.  <^  Ego  Sigeus  Minifter  aufcultavi.  ►J"  Ego  iEtlichvardus  Miniflcr  af- 
pexi.  ^  Ego  Turketukis  (licet  minlfter  iniuilis)  finem  cernens  mei  propofiti,  ob 
hiijus  rei  gratiam  anenium  Deum  laudo  per  omnia,  &  licet  fero  \eniens  fub  habi- 
tu  monachali,  &  aiiimo  contrito  jugo  regiilari  meipium  fubmili,  ut  faltem  fie  le- 
ne^lutis  men;  feces  creatori  meo  cogar  immolare.  Magnificat  ergo  anima  mea  Do- 
minum,  cc  vos  fratres  magnificate  Dominum  mecum,  ut  in  fanctitate  &  juftitia  co- 
ram ipfo  fervientes,  femperque  mundi  principe  triumphato,  fie  curramus  in  pr£e- 
fentis  vit^  (ludio  ut  in  future  ad  divinas  fpeculationis  bravium  pertingere  merea' 
mur.     Amen. 


N^  IX. 


Charta  uEdgari  Regis. 

IMPERANTE  Domino  nodro  Jefu  Chrifto  fuper  omncs  coelos,  &  fuper  omnia 
regna  orbis  terrarum  principatura  tenentc,  qui  tollit  rtges,  &  transfert  regna 
datque  fuo  nutu  mundi  climata  univerfa  ;  ego  Edgarus  ejufdem  Dei  noflri  lar- 
traua  muniticentia  poOidens  totius  Magns  Britannia  monarchiam,  llatui  mecum 
ab  initio  regni  mei  pro  modulo  meo  fua  beneficia  recompenfare,  &  de  tranfitoria 
Mammona  providere  mihi  beatorum  tabernacula,  perque  caduca  bona  promereri  fem- 
piterna  gaudia.  Cum  ergo  relevatione  ecclefiarum  ChriiVi,  &  monafteriorum  re- 
Ihiuratione  frequentiffime  mihi  fiiggerent  fpirituales  patres  mei  pontifices  &  prrelati, 
teHe  Deo  cordium  infpeflore,  folicitus  eorum  petitionibiis  Temper  apertis  auribus 
acquievi.  Cum  vero  fanftiffimi  Archiepifcopi  mei  Dunflanus  Dorober.  &  O/ketulus 
Eboracenfis  apertius  infinuaffent  quomodo  celebre  monafterium  Croylandenfe  quon- 
dam ab  inclyto  Rege  Merciorum  Ethelbaldo  fundatum,  aliifque  Merciorum  Regibus, 
lucceflbribus  ejus,  multis  &  magnis  donariis  hi.  dignitatibus  ditatum,  infi.iper  immu- 
nitatibus  &  immenfis  privilegiis  ampliatum  &  magnifice  confirmatum,  deinum  nefan- 
difiimis  Danis  totam  tcrram  opprimentibus,  ab  iifdem  didum  monafterium  fuerit  igne 
cremaium  &  devaftatum ;  fed  poftea,  tanta  ccfTante  procella,  per  induftriam  vene- 
rabilis  patris  Turketuli,  cooperante  fibi  gratia  piiflimi  Regis  patrui  &  prnedecefToris 
mei  Edredi,  |jam]  refurrexit  reftauratum,  &  iterum  in  fanftorum  habitaculum  a-di- 
ficatum,  &  regio  chirographo  confirmatum  ;  gaudio  magnus  gavifus  fum,  &  creC- 
tciiti  quotidie  convalefccDtique  indies  temporibus  [meisj  per  totam  Angliam  cultui 

Clirif- 


HISTORY    OF     CROYLAND.  21 

Chrifliano  totis  animi  pr.xcordiis  (Deo  tefte)  congratulatus ;  prreciifto  viro  vencr.ibili, 
abbati  Turkctulo,  quoiiciaiii  patrls  inei  patiuorumque  meoriim  patricio  poteiitifii'iio, 
ac  omnium  hoftium  An^Iici  regni  triiimphatori  ftrenuiffimo,  jamquc  patiio:  cocleHis 
amore  rcrvoriim  Chrilli  Ijndtiffimo  paftori  &  pra^lato,  concedo  de  rcgalihiis  fylvii 
nieis  fuo  Croyhindciiri  monaflerio  magis  vicinis  &  propinquis,  fez.  de  Arrarygwod 
&  de  Medefliamlicduod,  rcgalibus  maiicriis  meis  dc  F.ltreye,  &  dc  Caflre  perii- 
nentibus,  aibores  &  mereniium  .id  ctdificationem  fiii  difti  monalterii  prEcditti,  quot 
&  quantum  placuerit  accipcre  :  ncc  aliquis  miniftrorum  meorum  in  ilia  patria  pra:- 
Juinat  eum  in  aliquo  iinpedire.  Ipfiim  etiam  Croylandcnic  monallcrium  cum  rota 
inlula  adjacentc,  &  cum  villa  duobufqiie  marifcis  jacemibus  ex  utraque  pane  aqure 
de  Weland  veiius  occidentcm,  iildem  limitibus  &  terminis,  quiiuis  cW^'x  monailtrii 
monachi  a  lua  prima  tuudatione  ilia  continue  polTedcrunt,  &  prout  plmimorum  lie- 
gum  prajdecefibrum  meorum,  &  prjecipue  inclyti  R.egis  Ivlredi  patrui  prardeceflo- 
rilque  mci  chirographa  &  miinumenta  fufficienter,  ab  oriente  ad  occidenrem,  Sc  nb 
aultro  ad  nquilonem,  declarant  ac  manifeilant,  concedo  &  confirmo  in  perpetuani 
eleemofynam  prrrdifto  patri  mei  Tiirketulo  abbati,  ac  munachis  luis,  ac  omnibus 
eorum  fuccefTor  Inis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  :  fcilicet  diftam  inluiair.  dc  Ca'oyland, 
procedendo  de  ponte  fuo  triangulo  per  aquam  de  Weland  verius  Spaldelynii;  ufqua 
a. I  Afeodyk,  ubi  Afendyk  cadit  in  aquam  de  Weland  ex  boreali  parte  ciucis  lapi- 
dcx  per  priedt£lum  Turketulum  ibidem  affixcr,  &  fic  furfum  verfus  orientem  per 
Afendyk  ufque  ad  Afendtoft,  &  inde  ufque  ad  Scliepilhce  in  oriciitali  parte  ejuf- 
dem  infuln?,  &  fic  ufque  ad  Tetwarthar,  &  ibi  intrando  Southee  ufque  ad  Naman- 
landhyrne,  ubi  crucem  lapidcam  affigi  fecit  idem  Turketulus,  diltantem  a  Southee 
I'er  fex  perticatas,  &  [diltac  eadem  crux  ab  aqua]  de  Nccne  verius  occidentem  per 
V  perticatas,  &  inde  per  eandemXaquam  de  Neene  ficut  currit  ad  pr^dictum  pontem 
de  Croyland  •,  cum  feparali  pifcaria  tarn  in  aquis  omnibus  ambientibus  eandeni 
infulam  quam  in  ftagnis  &  paludibus  infra  fitum  indufis;  una  cum  marifcis  6^  al- 
netis  adjacentibus  verfus  Occidentem  ex  oppofito  ejufdem  infulam  in  omnibus  I.in- 
colnias  comitatui  connexis  &  relpondentibus,  &  per  lios  liniites  determinaiis :  viz. 
a  Namanflandhynie  per  aquam  de  Neene  verfus  occidentem  uique  ad  Finellon,  ubi 
crux  lapidea  defixa  eft  juxta  ripam,  &  inde  ufque  ad  Greynes,  &  lie  ufque  ad 
Folwardftaking,  8c  inde  ufque  ad  Southlake,  ubi  Southlake  cadit  in  aquam  de  We- 
land, &  fic  tranfeuodo  eandem  aquam  ad  Kenulphfton  juxta  ripam  ex  oppofiro  de 
Southlake,  ubi  primus  abbas  ejufdem  monafterii  nomine  Kenulphus  pofuit  crucem 
lapideam  pro  limite  inter  Croyland  &  Deping,  Si  inde  verfus  boream  juxta  Afpath 
ufque  ad  Werwarlake,  &  fic  ufque  ad  Harynholt,  &:  inde  furfum  per  Mengarlake, 
&  Lurtlake,  &  inde  per  Oggot  ufque  ad  VYodelade,  ubi  Wodelade  cadit  in  aquam 
de  Weland ;  cum  omnibus  commodis  quae  poterunt  evenire  vel  extorqueri  inha 
przediftos  limltes,  tam  fubter  terram  quam  fupra  ;  cum  communa  pafturse  omni 
tempore  anni  pro  omn't  genere  animallum,  fibi,  &  omnibus  hominibus  fuis,  &  ce- 
nentibus  fuis  fecum  infra  di(flos  iimites  cohabitantibus  in  mariicis  aJjac-Jtibus  ex 
utraque  parte  [aquas  de  Weland,  videlicet  ex  una  parte]  ab  ilia  aqua  ufque  ab  a- 
grum  meum  de  Medefliamfted,  &  ex  alia  parte  ab  aqua  eadem  ufque  ad  a;cii}icia  de 
Spaldelyng,  cum  feparali  pifcaria  in  eadem  aqua  de  Weland,  a  Kenulphllon  ufque 
ad  pontcni  in  Croyland,  &  in  aqua  de  Neene  a  limuc,  Finefton  nomine,  ufque   ad 

pr« 


22  APPENDIX         TO         THE 

pi\€di>f!a;n  pnntcm  de  Croyland,  &  inde  in  eadem  aqua,  &  in  aqua  de  Weland  co- 
adunatis  ufque  ad  Afendyk.  Concede  etiam  quod  didi  monachi  pofiint  inckidere 
lie  marifcis  adjacentlbus  vcrfiis  occidcntem  pro  fe  &  pro  tenentibus  fuis  croftos  fne 
piatum  circa  pontem  feparalitcr,  quantum  illis  placuerit,  prout  patruus  meus  Ilex 
Kdredus  eil'dein  ha-c  omnia  luo  chirographo  confirm  r.'it.  Concedo  etiam  h  con- 
firino  ])rr?di<5to  momifterio  omnia  prstafla  libera  &  foluta  ab  omni  onere  feculari, 
&  quod  Iiabeant  omnes  liberas  confuetiidines,  cum  illo  quod  appellatur  Sociia,  Sa- 
cha,  To!  &  Tem,  Iiifangtlief,  Weyf  &  Stray,  &  cum  his  legitime  appendentibus. 
Concedo  cti,im  &  conlirnio  eifdem  monacnis  omnes  terras  &  tenementa,  ecclefias  & 
capellas,  &  omnes  poffefliones  eidem  monailerio  pertinentes,  quas  prsefatus  Rex 
Edredus,  vel  optiraaies  fui,  difto  coenobio  pro  fuorum  redemtione  pcccaminum  in 
perpctuam  eleemofynam  donaverunt,  vel  per  prifatum  abbatem  Turketulum  dat;K 
vcl  acquifira;  funt;  id  e(l,  in  Croyland,  Spaldeling,  Pyncebek,  Cappelade,  Algare, 
Djnncfdyk,  Drayton,  Burroft,  Southerton,  Bokenhale,  lialyngton,  Gerunthorp, 
L.ingtofr,  Ballon,  Depyng,  Tetford,  Repyngale,  Laythorp,  Kyrkeby,  Wendlyng- 
burgh,  Adyngton,  Klmyngton,  Glapthorne,  Wyrthorp,  Peykyrke,  Baddeby,  Mor- 
burne,  Tbirming,  B.-by,  Sutton,  Stapilton,  Kotenham,  Hoketon,  Drayton,  & 
Staundun.  lla^c  omnia  tenementa,  ad  honorem  Dei,  &  fancla'  ecclefia:  fuie  rcle- 
vationcm,  5c  ob  amorem  fanfli  Guthlaci,  corporaliter  in  cosnobio  Croylandenfi  re- 
quiefcentis,  confirmo  venerabili  patri  mco  Tiirketulo  abbati  Croylandicc,  ac  mona- 
ciiis  fuis,  &  eorum  iucceiroribus  ibidem  Deo  iervientibus  in  perpetuum.  Prohibeo 
etiam  ne  quilquam  miniilrorum  meorum  in  patria  Girviorum  prtcmemoratos  limites 
rnarifcorum  Croylandia^  introeat,  aut  fe  in  aliquo  intromittat  ;  cum  tam  de  donati- 
one  Regis  Edredi  patrui  &  pra:deceiroris  mei,  quam  de  confirmatione  mca  pofllde- 
ant  prtetliiftos  marifcos,  &  fitum  feparalem  monafterii  fui,  6c  a  marifco  meo  de  Ege 
crucibus  lajjideis,  ac  aliis  interfignis  Si.  terris  leparatos.  Contra  ergo  hujus  noilri 
chiiographi  propofitum  quicunque  diftum  Turketulum  abbatem  patrem  meum,  vel 
nionachos  fuos  vexare  vel  inquietare  pro  aliquo  prxmillorum  pra^fumfL-rit,  prseter 
meam  indignationem  &  vindiclam,  nifi  citius  cum  condigna  fatisfaflione  rcfipuerit, 
longius  a  fanLtorum  cono-regatione  fetrregatus  cum  Dathan  &  Abiram  damnationera 
geliennalem  fentire  poflit :  qui  vero  auxerit  nortram  eleemofynam,  aut  in  aliciuo 
promoverit  hujus  mei  chirographi  voluntatem,  inter  omnes  lanftos  &  eleftos  Dei 
Icmpiternam  (ortiatur  feiicitatem.  Sancitum  e(t  hoc  [chirographum  meunij  in  an- 
no Dominica'  incarnationis  dcccc  lxvi  pricfentibus  archiepilcopis,  epiicopis,  abba- 
tlbus,  &  optimatibus  legni  mei  fubnotaris.  ►■p*  Ego  Edgarus  tofius  Aibionis  mo- 
narcha  iftud  chirographum  cum  figno  fanc^te  crucis  confirmavi.  ^  Ego  Dunilanus 
archiepifcopus  Durubern.  hoc  chirographum  cum  troplirro  hagi.e  crucis  corrobo- 
ravi.  ►r"  Ego  Olketulus  archiepiicopus  Eboracenfis  devote  collaudavi.  t^  Ego 
ii'Ethelwoldus  epil'copus  Wintouiffi  multum  procuravi.  >^  Ego  Ofwaldus  epifco- 
pus  VVicciorum  commendavi.  ►Jk  Ego  T^iUwoldus  epifcopus  Donevonive  *  lubfcrip- 
li.  ►Jh  Ego  Allhmus  abbas  Glallonice  confilium  dedi.  >^  Ego  /Ethelgarus  ab- 
bas novi  moriaftcrii  V^'vnto^il^  confenfum  prcebui.  ►J*  Ego  Wulfius  abbas  fanc- 
Ti  Petri  Wtflmonaftcrii  extra  Eondon  fubnotavi.  ►J*  Ego  ]\Ierwenna  abbatilfa 
de  Rumfege  fignum  fancta-'  crucis  feci.  ►J^  Ego  Ordgariis  dux  Donevoniie -J-- con- 
fignavi.     ►y'  Ego  Eifegus  Suthamtonienfis  dux  approbavi.     ►J*  Ego  OUac  dux  af- 

'*  Djniuoiiia',  i,  e.  Duniui.'j.         f  Devoiiiw,  ilU. 


HISTORY     OF     C  R  O  Y  I,  A  N  D.  23 

Fui.  »J<  Eo;o  Brithnodus  dux  afpcxi.  ^  Ego  Alwine  dux  confcnfi.  vj<  Ego 
Alterus  dux  iiitertui,  ►J^  Ego  Ernulphus  miniltcr  vidi.  ►-p  Ego  Ryngulius  ini- 
nifkr  vidi.     ►J*  Ego  Adelwardus  minifler  audivi.     ^J*  Ego  Vcif  minifter  aulcuhavi. 


N°  X. 

Charta  Canuti. 

GNUTIJS  Rex  totius  AngHiE,  &  DanmarchiLV,  &  Norwagra*,  Sc  iTingn<E  par- 
tis Swavorum,  omnibus  provinciis,  nationibus,  &  populis  mece  pocelhui  fub- 
jectis,  tam  minoribus  quam  maioribus  falutcm,  Cum  terrain  Anglias  progenitores 
niei  St  parcnres  duris  extortionibus  8c  dcprxdat'.onibus  fopius  opprtircrur.t,  &  (fa- 
teor)  iniiocentem  fanguine4n  frequenter  in  ea  effuderunt :  iludium  meum  a  principio 
mei  regni  fuir,  Sc  ftmiier  erit  in  futurum,  tam  penes  coclum,  quam  penes  fecuhim 
propter  hsc  mea  peccata,  &  parentum  meorum  (iitisfacere  ;  &  llaium  totius  fanfli; 
inatris  ecclcfia?,  h  uniufcujufque  monafterii  fub  iuiperio  meo  conftituri,  cum  in  all- 
quo  meo  patrocinio  indiguerint,  dcvotione  debita  emendare;  omncfque  fanflos  Dei 
per  haec  &  alia  bona  opera,  mihi  in  meis  neceflitatibus  reddcre  bcnignos,  ac  dc- 
prccationibus  meis  favorabiles  &  phicatos.  Ideo  in  arras  hujus  meie  fatisfatlionis 
oftero  lancto  Guthlaeo  de  Croyland,  8c  ceteris  fanftis  ejufdem  loci,  de  fubllaPitia 
mea  unum  calicem,  confirmans  Brirhinero  abbati,  &  mon^ichis  luis  totum  nionaftc- 
rium  fuum  Cro}landia:  cum  infula  circumjacente,  h.  duobus  marifcis  adjacenfibus, 
icilicet  Aldcrlound,  8c  Goggi'loiind,  eildem  terminis  8c  limitibus,  quibus  in  chiro- 
grapho  inclyti  quondam  Regis  Edredi  reftauratoris  fu',  didla  infuUi,  di(fiique  duo 
marifci  i'atis  apcrte  defcribuntur.  Confirmo  etiam  omnes  ecclelias  ^c  capclias,  terras 
^-  renementa,  libertatcs  ^  privilegia  in  ejufdem  regis  chirographo  contcnta,  cum 
<iuibus  omnr&ns  dic^lus  Rex  Edredus  diflum  monalterium  Croyhndia?  ad  honoreni 
Dei,  8c  fancli  Guthlaci  confelforis  corporalitcr  in  eo  rcquiefcentis  dotavit  [donavit3, 
ditavit,  h  fuo  chirographo  confirmavit.  Nuliufque  hominum  meorum  audeat  a 
modo  dicfl'os  monachos  inquietare,  vei  in  aliquo  conturbare  pro  prrediftis.  Qiiod  \\ 
quis  facerc  pr;triimferir,  vel  tentaverit  ufurpare,  vel  gladii  mei  fentiet  aciem,  vel 
gladii  pccnam  lacrilf-gi'?.  debitam  fubibit  ablque  omni  remiffione  8c  redeiiitione  pu- 
riendus  juxta  modum  8:  menfuram  injuria;  diftis  raonachis  h-rogar:e.  Ego  Cnutus 
Rex  anno  Dominica?  ircarnationis  millefimo  tricefimo  fecundo,  Londoniis  ilhid  mcuni 
chirographum  figno  ianfts  crucis  confirmavi  ^.  Ego  Egclnothus  Arcliieplfcopu  j 
Dorobern.  figno  fanftiffimcc  crucis  confirmavi  >f<.  Ego  Alfricus  Archicpifcopus  Ebn- 
racs  hoc  Regis  chirograplium  affirmavi  >^.  Ego  Leffius  Wicciorum  Epilcopus  config- 
navi  y^,  r.go Elfwardus  Lond.  Epifc.  collaudavi  y^.  Ego  Brichtmerus  Eichefcld.  E- 
pil'c.  conftabilivi  ►Jf.  Ego  Brichtegus  Abbas  Perforenfis  communivi  t^.  Ego  \N  Inoihus 
Abbas  Weftmonarterii  fignavi  y^.  Ego  Ofwius  Abbas  Thornienfis  approbavi  ►J*.  Ego 
Godwinus  Gomes  confenfi  ^.  Ego  Lcofricus  Comes  confelli  ►^.  EgoEdwinus  iratcr 
Lcotrici  [comitis]  afiui  i^-t.  I'",go  Haroldus  filius  Godwini  Comitis  intcrfui  *^.  Ego  Al- 
garusfilius  Lcofrici  comitis  aititi  ^J^.  Ego  Turkillus  minilter  Regis  audivi  ►J*.  E^o- 
Alt^etus  minifter  Regis  afpexi  [►J«]^  N    XJ.. 


*4  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

N°   XL 

Lit  era  Edwardi  Regis  de  Abbate  conjiituendo. 

ED  WARD  US  Rex  Anglorum  fubprlori  &  fanfto  conventui  monafterii  Croj- 
laiidenlis  kilutem.  Mifertus  domini  Wlgaii  quordam  abbatis  Pegelaudis,  qui 
non  fuo  crimine,  fed  juris  diftamine  fuum  monafterium  perdidit;  mifertus  etiam  ve- 
ilii,  qui  non  veftra  volentia,  fed  mortis  violentia  veftrum  patrem  nuper  perdidiftis  ; 
ambos  una  antidote  fanare  contendo,  fcilicet  prx'diftum  patrem  Wigatum  Tobis  in 
praslatum  prccficiendo.  Vos  ergo  ficut  fancli  viri  benefacietis,  fi  pradiftum  patrem 
veftrum,  S:  paftorem,  tot  tribulationibus  exercitatum  h:  probatum,  obedienter  fufce- 
peritis,  h.  commonachos  fuos,  confratres  vellros,  fecum  ad  vos  commeantes,  [fi]  fra- 
tern^  caritatis  amore  benigne  traflaveritis,  ut  fimul  ad  ccelum  poft  prcefentis  vitas 
curfum  contendere  valeatis,  &  ad  fan^um  chorum  veflrorum  patronorum,  qui  fra- 
tres  iuerunt,  pervenire  poffitis.  Valete ;  orantes  pro  me,  Sc  pro  toto  regno  meo 
Dcum  deprecamini  die  ac  nocle. 


N°   XII. 

Charta  Edzvardi. 

EGO  Edwardus  gratia  Dei  Rex  Angiorum,  domino  WIgato  abbate  Croylandlx 
,  poilulante,  dominoque  Gerardo  priore  difli  monafterii  devote  fupplicante, 
teftamenta  pr'sdeceflorum  meorum  Regum  Angliie,  fc.  piiflimi  Regis  Edredi,  &  in- 
x:\)'\.\  Regis  Edgari  avi  mei,  monafterio  Croylandis  concelfa,  in  omnibus  laudo,  ap- 
probo,  &  confirmo.  Dederunt  cnim,  &  luis  chirographis  confirmarunt  Deo  &  fancfto 
Guthlaco,  ac  monachis  fuis  toiam  infulam  Croylandix  in  fitum  feparalem  monalterii 
diftorum  monacliorum,  ficut  jacet  circa  didtum  monafterium  limitibus  &  rerminis  in 
pr;rdiiRorum  regum  chirographis  fatis  aperte  defcripta  &  definita  ;  cum  duobus  ma- 
rifcis  ejus,  fcilicet  Aiderlound  &  Goggiilound  ex  oppoliio  ejufdem  infula?  ad  ejus 
occiduum  jacentibus,  fuuiliter  cum  iildem  finibus  &  metis  quibus  in  iifdem  chirogra- 
phis defcribuntur.  Hire  &  omnia  alia  donaria  priedic%ruiu  regum,  fcilicet  Edredi 
reftauratoris  difti  monafterii,  &  Edgari  avi  mei  prsdiclis  monachis  &  eoruni  fuccef- 
foribus  concedo  8c  confiimo,  cum  onmibus  libertatibus  &  privilegiis  in  eorum  chiro- 
graphis diiflo  monafterio  conceflis  &  contentis,  habenda  fand:o  Guthlaco  &  pradiclis 
monachis  luis  in  puraia  regalem  eleemofynam  in  perpetuum.  Teflibus  £githa  regi- 
na  mea,  EJfio  &  Alfrico  arcliiepifcopis,  Godwino,  Lcofrico,  &  Siwardo,  comitibus, 
cum  ceteris  optimatibus  lueis,  qui  alfunt  in  curia  mea,  multis. 

7  N^  XI!I. 


[To  face  the  2d  paragraph  of  Appendix, -p.  25.^ 

Terrcs  Monajlerii  de  Croyland. 
Lincolnshire.     [Domefday,  fol.  346.  b,Q 

Terra  Scl  Gqthlaci  De  Crviland. 

tlMti  HoLEBEH  7  CoPELADE  hB  7  ht  S  Gutlac .  I. car  tre 
ad  gld.Tra  ad  .  vi .  bou  .Ibi  nc.  i.caf  in  dnio.  7  in  .uiit 
cu  dim  car.  7  xii.ac  pti.T.R.E.uat  xx.fot.m  fimit. 
In  Spallinge  Berew  de  Croiland ,  11 .  car  tre  ad  gM'. 
Tra  ad  .  i  .car  7  dim. Ibi .  vii  .uiH;  7  iiii  .  bora  .  hnt.  in  .car. 
T.R.E.uat.xx .  fot.m  fimilit. 

ODln  DvvEDic.Yi^  7  ht  ■§■  Gutlac. II  .car  tre  ad  gld. 
Tra  ad  .  II .  car .  cu  facca  7  foca  .  Ibi  nc  .  i  .  car  in  diiio. 
7  xiii .  uitt  cu  .1  .car.  7  xx.ac  pti.T.R.E.uat.  xl. 
fot.m  fimilit .  Colegri  tenet. 
Berew  huj  00  in  Draitone .  i  .car  tre  ad  gld. 
Tra  ad  .  I .  car  .  Ibi .  V  .  uitt .  n  arant .  Ibi .  iiii .  falincB 
V  .  folid  7  nil .  den  .7  vi .  ac  pti. 
In  Alfgare  Berew  alia .  xii .  bou  tre  ad  gM  .  Tra 
ad .  X .  bou  .  Nc  Wafta  .  e .  Colegri  tenet  de  abbe. 
In  Burtoft  tiB  7  ht  ■§  Gutlac .  i .  bou  tre  qua;  jacet 
in  Duuedic  .  Inde  ht  rex  foca. 

coin  BucHEHALE  . HB  Gamel.x.bou  trs  ad  gld.Tra 
Ibide  Soc  A  de  Badesford .  x .  bou  tre  /^d  x  .  bou. 

i  0 

ad  gld  .  Tra  ad  x .  bou .  Ibi  ht  nc  S  Gutlac  .  i .  car 

in  dnio  .7V.  uitt  7  11 .  bord .  7  viii . foch  hntes .  i  .car, 

Ibi .  cxx .  ac  pti .  7  l  .  acs  filuas  past  .7  lxx  .  acs  filus  min, 

T.R.E.uat  XXX  .  fol .  m  fimilit .  Hanc  tra  dedit 

Turoid  S  Gutlaco  ^  anima  fua. 


HISTORY    OF    C  11  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  ^s 

N°  XIII. 

Terrcp-  Monajlerii  Croyland. 

AU  D  I  V  I  ego  ipfe  tunc  Lonclonlas,  &  haec  tenementa  noftra  dc  utroque  ro- 
tulo  prcedifto,  vulgariter  ab  Anglicis  cognominato  Domefday,  excepta  multo 
ftudio  ac  non  parvis  fiimtibus  deflorata,  ftatui  meis  pofleiis,  fahem  breviter  an- 
notare,  plurima  abbrevians,  ac  nonnuUa  latius  declarans  ad  meliorem  meoriim  fuc- 
ceirorum  notitiam.  C)iiod  fi  quis  pofteroriim  de  verbo  ad  verbum,  prout  diiTufius 
in  dicflis  rotulis  oiiginalibus  tenementa  noftra  confcribiintLir,  agnofcere  malueric, 
di(5los  rotulos  petat,  &  diligenter  exquirat ;  &:  banc  breveni  elucubratiuiiculam  no- 
ftram  fpero  quod  miiabitur,  &  quod  hunc  laborem  noflrum  intimo  animo  collau- 
dabit,  cum  cam  Iblicite  tamque  fuccinfte  do  tarn  confufa  iiialla  tot  abdita  &  tam 
difperfa  colligerim,  &  fimul  condiderim  in  banc  formam. 

Imprimis  in  Lincolnshire,  in  Elloxvarp,  in  Croyland  fant^us  Guthlacus  habuit 
&  habet  fylvas,  marifcofque,  quatuor  leucas  in  longitndine,  &  tres  leucas  in  latitu- 
dine.  Ilajc  fedes  eft  abbathi;^  tempore  regis  Etlielredi  ;  eftque  foluta  &  quieta 
ab  omnibus  fecularibus  fervitii?.  In  Holeben  &  Capelade  fanftus  Guihlacus  habuit 
&  habet  tres  carucatas,  &  fex  bovatas  ad  geld;  ibi  nunc  in  dominio  carucats,  & 
duodecim  acras  prati :  tempore  regis  Edvvardi  valuit  viginti  folidis  monetse.  Si- 
militer in  Spalding^  berewi!<  de  Croyland  duas  carucatas  terra:  ad  geld,  terra  ad 
unam  carucatam  8c  dimidiam,  ibl  feptem  villani  h  quatuor  bordarii  habentes  tres 
carucatas :  tempore  regis  Edwardi  valuit  viginti  folidis  monetx.  Similiter  in  Pince- 
bek  fimdus  Guthlacus  habuit  &  habet  dimidiam  carucatam  ad  geld  tempore  regis 
Edwardi.  In  Kirkctona  vvap.  in  Algarc  berewyk  [al.]  fanftus  Guthlacus  habuit 
&  habet  duodecim  bovatas  terr^  ad  geld,  terra  ad  decern  bovatas  nunc  vafla  ell 
per  maris  alluvionem.  In  Doniiedik  '  fanftus  Guthlacus  habuit  &  habet  duas  caruca- 
tas terrce  ad  geld,  terra  ad  duas  carucatas  cum  hicha  8c  focha  :  ibi  nunc  una  caru- 
cata  in  dominio,  8c  tredecim  villani  cum  una  carucata  8c  viginti  acris  praii  ;  tem- 
pore Edwardi  regis  valuit  viginti  folidis  monetcc.  Similiter  in  Drayton  fanclus  Guth- 
lacus habuit  8c  habet  unam  carucatam  tcrrx  ad  geld,  terra  ad  unam  carucar mi, 
ibi  vero  villani  non  arant  :  ibi  quatuor  falinx  valent  quinque  folidis  8c  quatuor  de- 
nariis,  Sc  quinque  acrse  prati.  In  Burtoft  fancius  Guthl  icus  habuit  ^  habet  unam 
bovatam  terra;  cum  facha  8c  focha,  8c  ecclcfiam  dc  Sultcrton,  cum  prelbytero 
tempore  Edvvardi  regis  focha  de  Donnedik.  Item  in  Soudhhing,  in  Hawardelbozv 
wapp.  In  Bukenhale  fanftus  (lUthlacus  habuit  Sc  habet  duas  carucatas,  h  diaiidi;un 
ad  gelJi  ibi  una  carucata  in  dominio,  quinque  villani,  duo  bord.  8c  oiTto  foch. 
habentes  unam  carucatam,  Sc  viginti  fex  acrse  prati,  &  l  acrse  fylva? "  &  lxx  acrre 
fylvje^  *  tempore  regis  Edwardi  valebant  triginta  folidos  monetae.  Similiter  focha  dc 
Bcltisford.     *  Item  in  Halyngtcn  fan(ftus  Guthlacus  habuit  h.    habet  c'.scem   bovatas 

*  Duvtdiki  Domefdii}'.         -  Dcmefilay  ndds/a/Zw-.^.        '  Domefday  adds  w'awftr. 

D  ter. 


26  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

^errs,  quatuor  bovatas  de  Juhnd,  &  vigintl  duo  acras  prati.  Soclia  de  Tsd.  Item 
'n  N-ns  wapp.  In  Lavgtoft  lanftus  Guthlacus  habuii  &  habet  fex  carucatas  teirre  ad 
ge!d,  terra  ad  fex  carucatas.  Ibi  nunc  in  doinlnio  quinque  carucats,  &  ofto  viUani, 
&  quatuor  bord.  6c  viginti  ibchm.  habentes  quinque  carucac.s  terras,  £c  centum  prati, 
fylvicduas  foiid.  marifci  duas  leiicas  in  longitudine  &  novem  lati'udiiie  :  ceinpoie  re- 
gis Edwardi  valebant  qnatuor  libris  moneta,  modo  lx  folidis.  Talba  trcs  fo'.idos'.  Item 
inBallcn  fandtus  Guthlaciis  habuit  &  habet  quatuor  carucatas  terrs  ad  geld,  terra  ad 
quaruor  carucatas  ;  ibi  nunc  in  dominio,  una  carucata,  quinque  villani,  duo  bord.  5c 
leptem  lochm.  curn  duahus  caruc;itis.  Ibi  ecclefia  cum  prcfb^tero,  &  unum  molen- 
ditiuin  cir.n  dimidio  raojendini  &  xi.v  acr«  prati,  mariicorum  quindecim  quarenten. 
in  lonqicudine  &  ofio  in  latitudine  :  tempore  regis  Edw^rdi  valebant  xl  folidos  mc- 
nets;  ftniiiiter.  Item  in  Ivehiind  wapp.  in  B.cpyngnle  fanftus  Guthlacus  habuit  & 
ha'  et  tres  carucatas  terrce  ad  geld,  &  lx  acras  prati  :  tempore  regis  Edwardi  vale- 
bant viginti  folidos.  O^erns  tenet  ad  firmam  rcddmdo  abljachiie  lx  iolidos,  8c 
alia  multa  onern.  Item  in  J/"iX'J/"^///Vr;7i?  wapp.  in  LaHhcrp  fanftus  Guthlacus  ha- 
buit Sc  habet  unam  bovatam  terrte ;  in  Khkby  tres  bovatas  terra?:  tempore  regis- 
Eclwardi  fo'id. 

Item  in  Optonagrcna  hundred  in  Northamptonshire,  in  Croyland  fandlus  Guth- 
lacus habuit  &  habet  fvlvas  &  marifcos,  duas  leucas  in  latitudine:  tempore  re^i^ 
Edwardi  fohus  &  quietx-  ab  onmibus  fervitii?.  In  2'ekhirk\.\t%  virgatas  terriEadgeldJ 
tempore  regis  Edwardi.  In  li'ridtborp  fauftus  Guthlacus  habuit  habetque  unam 
hidam,  c-c  dimidiam  ad  ge'd,  terra  eft  dux  carucatte,  in  dominio  eft  una  carucata, 
8c  undecim  vilhm;,  tz  undecim  bord.  cum  duabus  carucatis.  Ibi  tres  acra:  prati,  Sc 
unum  molendiniun  de  q-ainque  iolidis  ;  v;ilent  xl  folidos.  Item  in  Pokebrok  hun- 
dred, v.-\  Elmyngtcna-{\v,t\.n%'G\i:\\\;\z\\s  habuit  &  habcc  unam  hidam  terra::  terra 
efl:  una  carucata,  lia^c  eft  Ibi  in  dominio,  '&  duo  villani,  8c  duo  bord.  cum  una  ca- 
rucata, Sc  fex  acris  prati  :  rcmpure  regis  Edwardi  valebant  oclo  folidos,  modo  fex- 
dicim.  in  Elw\r,gt<^na  etiam  lanftus  Guthlacus  habuit  Sc  habet  duas  hidas,  terra 
eft  III  carucat.  ibi  funt  quinque  villani,  h  quaiuor  bord.  cum  tribus  carucatis:  ibi 
duodecim  acr^  prati  :  tempore  reels  Edwardi  valebant  duodccim  folidos,  modo  vi- 
gin.ti  folidos.  Iicm  in  Soudnaveflotind  hundred,  in  Adyngtona  fanfuis  Guthlacus 
liabuit  Jx.  habet  duas  hidas:  terra  eft  quatuor  carucat.  in  domirao  ell  una,  h  duo 
lervi,  &  fex  villani  &  iri  bord.  cum  uno  lochm.  habente  tres  carucatas:  ibi  fex 
acrx'  prati,  &  molendlnum  tredecim  folidos  h  quatuor  denarios :  tempore  regis  Ed- 
wardi valebant  quindecim  folidis,  modo  XL  foliJ.  Ibi  etiam  habet  eccleliam,  8c  in 
alia  v/.:/)v7^'/5;7rf  diniitlium  virgatEe  terrie  ad- geld.  Item  in  Ausfordijhczv  hundred, 
in  ]]'.iidlyngburgh  finctus  Guthlacus  h.ibuir  2c  habet  quinque  hidas  tcrrae,  8i 
di'uidian-,  terra  e!!  tluoJecim  carucat.  in  dominio  eft  una  carucata  cum  uno  fervo, 
&  \i;4niti  8c  uno  vilianis,  cum  ecclefra  Sc  prefbytero,  8c  feptem  bord.  &  duodecim 
l;>chm.  habentil. us  undecim  acras :  ibi  duo  molcndina  de  fexuecim  folidis;  triginta 
aerie  prati  valent  quinquaginta  folidos,  &  ufus  undecim  folidos,  modo  fex  lib.  Item 
in  Adwordejie  hundred  Granclcrand  in  Baddeby  fanftus  Ciuthlacus  habuit  5c  habet 
quK'uor  hidas  terra- :  terra  ell  undecim  acrre  ;  in  dominio  font  ofio  carucatrc,  Sc 
od'to  fervi,  Sc  quinque  ancilla?,  duodecim  villani,  Sc  oflo  bord:  cum  fex  ciirucatis : 
ibi  molcndinum  de  ducbus  folidis,  Sc  xxviii  acras  p-rati,  fylvx  iv  quarent.  longitu- 

'  Tuilla  X  f,  1.     Dcmcfday.  dine  : 


[To  face  page  z6.J 
HWra  Monajkrii  de  CroylanJ, 

coin  LANoiroF  .\i6  7  ht  S  Gtitlac  vi.car  cr«  ad  gld. 

Tia  ad.vi.car  .Ibi  nc  in  dfiio.i.car .  7  viii.uiH:.  7  iiii. 

bord .  7  XX  .  focli  hiites .  v  .  car  .7  c  .  ac  pti .  Silua  .  11 .  fol'. 

Marefc.  11  .lev  Ig.  7  11  •  lat  .Tra  araB  .xv  .q?,  Ig.  7  ix.laf. 

T.R.E.uat.  nil  »lib  .  m  Lx.fof  .Tailla  .  x.fot. 
CX)ln  Bastvne  hb  7  ht  S  Gutlac  .  ini  .car  trse  ad  gM'. 

Tra  ad  .nil  .car  .Ibi  nc  in  dnio.i  .car  .  7  v  .uift.  7  n. 

bord  .7  VII  .  foch  cu  .  II  .  car  .  Ibi  accta  7  tliin  moliii. 

7  xLv  .  ac  pti .  Marefc  .  xvi . (|x  Ig .  7  via  .  lat .  Tra 

arab  viii .  4^  lg»  7  viii  .lat  .T.ll.E.uat.  xl  .fot.m  fimit. 

NoRTHAMPTONSKtRE.      [Domefday,  fol.  222. b.j 

Terra  ^ccl^  De  Crviland  .  In  Optongren  hd. 

A.BBATIA  DE  Crviland  ten  in  PVridtorp  .  i  .  hid 

7  dimid.Tra.e.ii.car  .In  driio.e  una  7  xi.uilii  7  11 .  bord 

'1,1-1,.  

cu .  II .  car .  Ibi .  vi .  ac  pti .  7  moliii  de  .  v .  fol .  Valet .  xl  .  fot. 

In  ElmIntone  ten  abb .  i .  hid .  Tra .  e .  i .  car .  Hac .  e  ibi 

in  dnio .  7  11 .  uilti  7  11 .  bord  cii .  i  .car .  7  vi .  ac  pti  ibi. 

Valuit .  viii .  fol .  Modo  .  xvi .  folid. 

In  Elmintone  ten  abb  .  11 .  hid .  Tra .  e .  iii .  car  .  Ibi  st 

.v.uitti  7  nil  .bord.cij  .  iii  .car  .Ibi  xii  .ac  pti. 

Valuit .  XII .  fol .  Modo .  xx  .  folid  .  In  NeFESLVND  HD^ 

In  Edintone  ten  a&b.  11 .  hid. Tra  .e.iiii  .car  .In  diiio 

eft  una.  7  11  .ferui.  7  vi  .uifti  7  iii.bord  cij.i  .focho  hiit 

III  .car. Ibi.  VI  .ac  pti .  7  moliri  de.xiii.fol.7  nil  .den. 

Valuit .  XV .  fol .  Modo .  xl  .  folid. 

n  Wendleberie  ten  abb. v. hid  7  dimld.Tra.e 

XII  .car. In  dnio.  e  una  Car  cu.i  .feruo.  7  xxi  .uifti 

cij  pbro7  VI I  .bord  7  xi.fochis  bnt.xi  .car  .Ibi .  11* 

molini  de .  xvi .  folid .  7  xxx  .  ac  pti. 

Valuit .  L  .  fot .  7  port .  xl  .  fot .  Modo .  vi .  lib. 

In  Badebi  .  ten  abb .  iiii .  hid .  In  GrAVESEND  HD 

Tra.e.  x  .car  .In  diiio  funt.  in i  .car  7  viii .  ferui.  7  v. 

ancillaj .  7  xii .  uilti  7  viii .  bord  cu .  vi .  car. 

Ibi  molin  de  .  11 .  folid  .  7  xxviii  .ac  pti .  Silua .  ilii. 

qrent  Ig .  7  ii . q^  lat .  Valuit  7  uat .  viii .  lib. 


[To  face  p.  47.] 
7'erra  Monajierii  de  Croyhind, 

Leicestershire.       [Domefday,  fol.  231.  a.] 

TERRzi  jEccLiE  De  Crviland  .Zv  GvriAGisTAN  Wap. 

Aebatia  De  Crviland  ten.  ii. car  troj  in  Svtone. 

711.  car  tvx  in  S-t.-iflktone  .Tra.c.v  .car.  Ibi  .vi  .uini 

cu  .  11  .  boid  hnt .  1  .  car  7  dimicJ  .  Valuk  .xxiili  .fot  .M.  xx  .foL- 

Ipfa  abbatia  ten  in  Bebi  .  x  .  car  tree  7  dimid.Tra.e.  vii. 

car .  In  dnio .  e  vina  .  7  1 1 .  ferul .  7  xxi .  uitts  cu  .  v .  fochis 

7  1 1 1 .  boi'd  hnt .  VI  .  car ..  Ibi .  xxx  .  ac  p'ti. 

Valuit .  Lx  .  fot .  Modo  .  xl  .  folid. 

Huntingdonshire,     [Domefday,  fol.  204.  a.l 

^  Terra  Abbatie  De  Crviland. 

00  1  n  Mo'rbfrne  ht3  zbh  de  Cruilande  .  v  .  hid  ad  gM' 
Tra  .IX.  car .  Ibi  nc  in  dnio  .  11 .  car  .  in  una  hida  huj  tree, 
7  XVI .  uiH:  '7  III  .bord  hiites .  vii .  car .  Ibi  -.ECcJa  7  pbr. 
7  xL.ac  pti .  7  I  .ac  filucE  min.T.R.E.7  ni  iial.  c  .folia. 
In  Torninge.  i .  hid  7  dim  ad  gl'd" .  Tra .  i .  car  7  dimid. 
SocA  in  Acumefberie  OOreqis  .Euflachius  m  tenet 
de  alrbe  de  Cruiland  7  ht  ibi .  i .  car  .71.  uili  cu  dim  car. 
7  VI.  acs  pti .  T.'R'.E.  7  m  uat .  x  x  .  foL . 

Ca-merid  geshire.       [Domefday,  fol.  i92.b.]  ' 

..  Terra  jEccle  De  Croiland.  InNorestofh^.^- 

jl^^iujAS  de  Croilant  tenJn  Hociiinton  .vii .  hid 

7  dini.Tra.e.  vni  .car .  In  driio  .  iiii  .hid..  7  ibi  fu/T.Ii.-- 

ear  .Ibi  .xiiii  .  uitti .  7  iii  .bord  cu  .  vi  .car  .Ibi. mi  .GOti^ 


7  III  .ferui .  Ptu.ii  .car.ln  totis  ualent  ual  7  ualuit 

I— I 


^l3ci. 


I—I  _  f  13CI. 

VI .  lib.T.R.Er' viii .  lib .  Hoc  O)  fuit  7  e  in  dnio  zecclae  S  Guth 
CO  CoT-EHA  ten  al5b  de  Croiland  .  In  CeSTRETONE  HD 
Ibi  .xi.hidas  .Tra.  e  .  viii  .car  .  In  diiio  .  vi.  hidas.  7  ibi  .er 
una  car.  7  altera  pot  fieri  .Ibi .  xii  .uitti  7  viii.bordT' 
cii  .VI. car.  Ibi .  i  .feru.Ptu.viii  .car.Pafta  ad  pecun 
uiUx .  De  marefch  .  qngent  anguiH  .  7  de  pfentat 
XII .  den  .  In  totis  ualent  uat  7  ualuit .  vi  .lib  .T.R.E/ 
viii  .lib  .Hoc  CO  fuit  Sep  7  e  in  diiio  aeccte  S  Gutlaci. 


HISTORY     OF    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  27 

dine:  tempore  regis  Edwardi  valfbant  quatuor  lib.  mode  fimilitcr.  Item  in  I.iin- 
dred  de  IVidibrok^,  in  Glapthorn  fanftus  Guthlacus  habuit  h  habet  unain  vir^at.mi 
tcrrs  ad  ge!d,  &  viginti  acras  fylvre. 

hem  in  L-eistersiure,  in  Gcfcote  wapp.  in  Bcby  fanftus  Guthlacus  habuit  Si  ha- 
bet decern  carucatas  terras  &  dimidium;  terra  cll  06I0  carucatcc,  in  dominio  eft  uiva 
carucata,  &  duo  fervi,  &  xxi  villani.  cum  quinquc  fochm.  &  tribus  bord.  habenc 
fex  carucatas  :  ibi  triginta  acra-  prati ;  valebant  tempore  regis  Edwardi  lx  llilidis, 
inodo  XL  folid.  Item  in  Gutblacejion  wapp.  in  Sutton  fanctus  Guthlacus  habuit 
6c  habet  daas  carucatas,  &  duas  in  Slapilton:  terra  ell  quirque  carucarae  :  ibi  fex 
villani  cum  u  bord.  habcntibus  unam  carucatam  &  dimidium:  tempore  regis  Ed- 
warili  valucre  viginti  quaiuor  folid.  modo  viginti  folid. 

Item  in  Hti'NTiNCDcuNsniRE,  in  Norma nncjaos  hundred,  in  Morburne  fanclus 
GuthlacLis  habuit  &  habet  quinque  hidas  ad  geld,  terra  novem  carucai;v,  ibi  nunc 
in  dominio  ducc  carucats,  &  fexdecim  villani,  &  iii  bord.  habentes  fe[)tcm  caru- 
catas :  ibi  ccclefia  &  piesbyter,  &  quadraginta  acra:  prati,  &  una  acra  i\\\-x  n,i- 
nuta?  :  tempore  regis  Edwardi  valebant  centum  folidos,  modo  fimiliter.  h-i  Iber- 
minga  fan(!^us  Guthlacus  habuit  &  habet  unain  hidam  et  dimidium  ad  celd.  terra 
una  carucat.  et  dimid.  foclia  de  Achumejhiiry  manerio  regis:  Eultachius  tenet  modo 
de  abbate  de  Crojland,  et  habet  ibi  unam  carucatam,  et  unum  villanum  cum  dirai- 
dio  carucat.  et  fex  acris  prati  :  tempore  regis  Edwardi  valebant  viginti  folid.  modo 
fmii  liter. 

Item  in  Grantebrig shire,  in  Ncrdjiow  hundred,  \ntIokittona  fanftus  Guthlacus 
habuit  et  habet  feptem  hidas  et  dimiJ.  terra  eft  ofto  carucat.  in  dominio  quatuor  hid. 
et  ibi  fnnt  quatuor  carucat.  ibi  quatuordecim  villani,  et  iii  bord.  cum  fex  carncatis. 
Ibi  quatuor  cotagia,  et  tres  fervi,  pratum  duje  carucata-,  cum  ecclefia  ct  presbyte- 
ro  :  tempore  regis  Ed.  valebant  oclo  libiis,  modo  lex  libris.  In  Cejlrctcn  hundred, 
in  Cotenham  famflus  Guthlacus  habuit  et  habet  undeciai  hidas  ad  geld,  terra  eft 
ofto  carucat.  in  dominio  lex  hid.  et  ibi  eft  una  carucata,  ibi  duodecim  vill.-ini  et  oc- 
to  bord.  cum  feptem  carucatis  :  ibi  unus  fervus,  pratum,  et  o^Sto  acrrc  paftur.  ad 
pec.  vilhe  de  marifco,  D.  ang.  et  de  pra?fenr.  xii  d.  val.  teinpore  rc?is  Edwardi  oeTo 
libris,  modo  fex  lib.  Hoc  manerium  femper  fuit  et  eft  de  dominio  fanfti  Guthlac'. 
In  Draytona  fan(!his  Gutlilacus  habuit  et  habet  06I0  hidas,  et  dimidium  :  terra  eft  lex 
carucat.  In  dominio  quatuor  hid.  et  ires  virg.  er  ibi  una  c.irucata,  ibi  duodecim 
villani,  ct  quinque  bord.  et  iii  loch,  cum  quatuor  taj^ucatis  :  ibi  quatuor  co'agia, 
pratum  dua;  carucatie  :  tempore  regis  Edwardi  valel?ant  cenumi  folid.  modo  quatuor 
libris,  decein  folid.  h;rc  terra  in  dominio  eft  ecjleiiai  fancb  Guthlaci  cuin  fua  ec- 
clefia, et  presbytero. 

Jam  ad  informationem  meorum  fucccftorum  niihi  vid^tur  expedions,  &  v  dde  ne- 
celfarium,  aliqua  pr;rir:ifl"orum,  prout  nu;iC  ea  intt  Uigiirus,  brevi  declaratione  ncf- 
tris  pofteris  demandare.  Et  primo  de  fede  abbathia;  noftr?:,  quce  dicitiu-  hubcre 
quatuor  leucas  in  longitudine  &  tres  leucas  in  latltudine;  qunm  leuca  uiuaiis  inen- 
fura  terrain  metientium  apud  Francos  conftet  de  duobus  miliibus  paftiium.  ilt  fort^ 
leuca  dicirur  a  leucon,  quod  in  Scythica  lingua  inierpretatur  Fhidpj>iis.  Unde  ma- 
glfter  in  Ifagogis  fuis  fuper    O.  M.  *  lib.  ni.   h.  mvcus  kiicon  dicit  ibi,  banc   Icu' 

*  Ovidii  Met.Tin.  III.  ver.   j  i  S. 

■^  2  as 


28  A     P     P     E     N     D     f     X         TO         T     H     E 

con  fui/Te  ThlUppum  imt'cratorem,  qui  nivciu  defcripuis  ell,  quia  Clirii'^iamis,  'a. 
baptifmo  fuper  nivem  dealbatus.  Et  alio  in  loco*  ubi  exponit  iikid,  i.  Pha^lnim  aik- 
maffe  leucothoen,  dicit,  Dcum  adnmalfe  Chriflianitatem  regni  Francite,  i.  Pliilip- 
])orum,  qiiuin  apud  Francos  nomcn  Fhilippi  frcquentifTimum  liabetur,  in  tantum 
lit  rex  Henricus,  qui  mode  rcgnac  in  Francia,  filinra  fuum  jam  prlmogenitura  Phi- 
lippum  fecerit  appellari.  Beams  cnim  Chrifti  apoftolus  Philippus  cnm  Scythis  ver- 
bnm  Dei  pra:dicaircr,  &  plurimos  eorum  ad  fidem  Chrilli  conveniffet,  rcdiens  in 
vYfiam,  per  Sicambros  viam  fecit,  ac  illis  Chriili  nomen  primus  annunciavit.  De 
-quibas  excuntes  Franci,  iir  plurcs  coram  hierocronographi  teflantur,  bcatum  Phi- 
lippuni  apnftoium  luiim  fpccialem  protodoftorem,  &  neoapoltolum  adhuc  tentnt. 
Ex  his  omnibus  coiiigitur,  quod  letua  dicitur  a  lexicon,  id  efl,  incnlura  terrre  Phi- 
lippicaj,  id  eft,  Phibppi,  vel  Philipporum.  Angli  autem  utiintur  terram  metiendo 
n-illijiibus  :  &  dicitur  vnlli-are,  qui  conllat  de  mille  pafTibus;  fic  vocatum,  quia 
Hercules  fub  uno  traftu  halitus  fui  mille  paffus  fecit,  ut  dicit  IfidorusEtymologicorum 
lib.  111.  Cognofcentes  itaque  leucas,  &  milliaria,  dicere  poteritis,  poileri  nollri  & 
viniici,  quod  cum  fedes  abbathire  noftra^  in  longiiudine,  i.  e.  de  iilteriori  ripa  de  Sche- 
piihee  in  ejus  oricnte  ufque  ad  Kenulplifton  in  ejus  occidente,  dicitur  habere  qua- 
tuor  leucas,  i.  e.  oflo  millia  pafTuum  ;  &  in  latitudine,  id  eft,  de  ulteriori  parte  ri- 
pa; cie  Soutliee  in  ejus  auftro,  ufqne  ad  ulteriorem  ripam  de  Afcndyk  ;  vel  de  \Ve- 
land  in  ejus  aquilone  duas  leucas,  id  efl,  quatuor  millia  pafl'uum  ;  horum  neutrum 
Terum  eft.  Sed  fcire  debetis,  Anglos  fub  dominio  Normannorum  tranfilfe  in  mul- 
tis  ad  mores  Francorum  ;  &  ideo  loco  milliarium,  leucas  dixifle,  fed  milliaria  in- 
tellexifle  :  &  cum  longitudo-ejus  excedit  quatuor  milliaria,  &  latitude  duo  millia- 
ria, prudentifRmi  mctatores  contra  maliiiam  a:mulorum  noftrorum  piiffime  providen- 
ces, potius  plus  quam  minus  poriere  voluerunt.  Acceptavit  hnnc  rationcm  tota  vi- 
cinia  raxatorum,  acceptavit  ?c  regis  curia^  cum  Veritas  fpatii  cxigerctur  in  incorpo- 


rauoTie  regalium  rotuloruai. 


V 


N°  XIV. 

Charta  WUlielmi  Regis. 
GO  Willielmus  Dei  beneficio  rex  Anglorum,  ad  humilem.  petitionem  familia- 


^_^  ris  mei  Ingulphi  abbatis  Croylandenfis  monafterii  chartam  privilegiatam,  quam 
ei,Megius  rex  Edredus  pixdeceffor  meus  Deo  et  fanflo  Guthiaco,  ac  monachis  de 
Croyland  conceffit  et  donavit,  coram  me  et  confillo  mco  perleftam  et  dcclaratam, 
Jaudo,  apprtibo,  &  confirmo,  &  in  omnibus  effc^ualiter  obfervarl  piiEcipio.  Pro- 
liibeo  etiam  ne  quifquam  fub  ditione  mea  illos  temerarle  vexare  pr^efumat,  ne  ex- 
commumcationis  gladio  iotereat,  &  pro  jure  ecclefiaftico  violate  infernorum  exqui- 

*  Ovid.  Metani.  IV.  ver..  19^. 

rat 


HISTORY     OF     C  R  O  Y  I,  A  N  D.  29 

r?t  cruciatLis.  Sed  habeant  omnes  poffeffiones  fiuis  in  perpctuam  &t  regaleai  elcc- 
mofynnm  ex  raec  dono,  &  confirmatione,  ad  laudein  Dei,  k  ob  reverenuam  fancli 
Guihlaci  confefforis  ibidem  corporalitcr  quicfcentis,  cum  omr.i  illo,  quod  appelia- 
tur  focha,  facha,  tol,  i<  tern,  cum  Icgibus  &  coniuetudiiiibus  iliis  jure  perpctuo  rc- 
iiendis,  cum  quibus  cas  liberius  &  quietius  lenuernnt  diebus  illis  quibus  proE-fatus 
rex:  Edredus  vivus  fuit  &  incolumi?.  In  hujus  fcri[)ti  robore  optiii-ares  in  codem 
nominati  teftes  aftuerunt,  Lanfrancus  archiepifcopns  Cantuaria:,  Thomas  archie- 
pifcopus  Eborac;e,  Walkclinus  epifcopus  Wyntoiiias,  Wiihelmus  epifcopiis  Dnnel- 
miiv,  Wiihelmus  comer,  Alfredus  comes,  Alfredus  fillus  Topi,  Wiihelmus  Malet- 
nis,  &  alii. 


N°  XV. 

Charta  I'boroldL 

EGO  Thoroldus  de  Bukenhale  coram  nobilifl'irao  domino  meo  Leofrico  comitc 
Leyce(lri:£,  &:  nobililltma  comitifla  fua  dooiina  Godiva  forore  mea,  cum  con- 
icniu  &  bona  voluncate  domini  &  cognati  mei  comitis  Algari,  primogeniti  &  hsrc- 
dis  eorum,  donavi  &  tradidi  Deo  &  fanfto  Guthlaco  Croylandias  in  manibus  domi- 
ai  WIgati  abbatis  dicli  Croyland.  monaflerii,  ad  fundationem  celte  Crovlandenfiuni 
nionachorum,  in  honorem  iancla;  Dei  genitricis,  femperque  virginis  Maria?,  in  villii 
-de  SpalJlyng,  totum  manerium  meum  ficum  juxra  parochialem  eccleiiam  ejufdeni 
villse,  inter  manerium  pntdiifli  domini  mei  Leofrici  comitis,  &  ripam  occidenta- 
■lem  fluminis  ejufdem  vill^e,  cum  omnibus  terris  &  tenemcniis,  reditibus,  fervitiis, 
averiis,  &  utenfilibus,  qu;e  habui  in  difto  manerio,  &  in  dicla  villa,  Sc  in  campi> 
■ejus,  tam  in  parte  oricntali  fluminis,  quam  in  ejus  parte  occidental!,  cum  omnibus 
■appendiciis  fais,  fcilicct  Colgrinum  pritpofitum  meum,  8c  totam  lequelam  fuam, 
cum  omnibus  bonis  &  catallis,  qua."  habet  in  dicta  villa,  &  in  campis  ejus,  abfque 
aiiquo  de  omnibus  retinemento.  Item  Hardyngum  fabrum,  &  totam  fequclam  fuam, 
■cum  omnibus  bonis  &  catallis,  qua;  habet  in  diila  villa,  &  in  campis,  8c  marifcis, 
ablque  aliquo  de  omnibus  retinemenro-  Item  Lefdanum  carpentarium,  &  totam 
iequeiam  iuam,  cum  omnibus  bonis  &  catallis,  qus  habet  in  dicta  villa,  &  in  campis 
ejus,  &  marifcis,  abfque  aJiquo  de  omnibus  retinemento.  Item  Ryngulphuni  pri- 
mum,  8c  totam  fequelam  fuam,  cum  omnibus  bonis  8c  catallis,  qucc  habet  in  dicla 
■villa,  8c  in  campis  ejus,  ?iC  marifcis,  abfque  aliquo  de  omnibus  retinemento.  Idem 
Elftanum  pilcatorem,  8c  totam  fequelam  fuam,  cum  omnibus  bonis  Sc  catallis,  qua; 
'habet  in  difta  villa,  8c  in  campis  ejus,  8c  in  marifcis,  abfque  ullo  de  omnibus  reti- 
nemento. Item  Gunterum  Liniet,  &  totam  fequelam  fuam,  cum  omnibus  bonis  St 
■catallis,  quiE  habet  iii  difta  villa,  8c  campis  ejus,  et  in  marifcis,  abfque  ullo  dt; 
omnibus  retinemento.  Item  Outy  Grimkelfon,  et  totam  fequelam  fuam,  cum  omni- 
bus bonis  et  catallis,  quae  habet  in  dicta  villa,  et  in  campis  ejus,  et  in  inarifciti,  abl- 
7  que 


30  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

que  ullo  de  omnibus  retiiietncnto.  Item  Turflainim  Dubbe,  et  totam  fcquelam  fuam, 
cum  omnibus  bonis  et  catallis,  qua  habet  in  difta  villn,  et  in  campis  ejus,  cc  in 
marifcis,  abfque  ullo  omnibus  retineinento.  Item  Algarum  nigrum,  et  totam  fe- 
quelam  fuam,  cum  omnibus  bonis  et  catallis,  quce  habet  in  difti  villa,  et  in  campis 
ejus,  et  in  mariicis,  abfque  alio  de  omnibus  retinemento.  Item  Edricum  filium 
Siv/ardi,  et  totam  i'equelam  fuam,  cum  omnibus  bonis  et  catallis,  qua  habet  in  dic- 
ta villa,  et  in  campis  ejus,  et  mariicis,  abfque  ullo  de  omnibus  retinemento.  Item 
Ofmundum  raolendinarium,  et  totam  fequelam  fuam,  cum.  oiTinibus  bonis  et  catal- 
lis, quce  habet  in  difla  villa,  et  in  campis  ejus,  et  marifcis,  abfque  ullo  de  omnibus 
retinemento.  Item  Befi  Tuk,  et  totam  fequelam  luam,  cum  omnibus  bonis  et  ca- 
tallis, qnve  habet  in  difta  villa,  et  in  campis,  et  marifcis  ejus,  abfque  ullo  de  omni- 
bus retinemento.  Item  Elmerum  dc  Pynccbek,  et  totam  fequelam  fuam,  cum  om- 
nibus bonis  et  catallis,  qu.e  habet  in  dirta  villa,  et  in  campis  ejus,  et  marifcis  ab- 
fque ullo  de  omnibus  retinemento.  Item  Goufe  Gamelfon,  et  totam  fequelam  fuam, 
cum  omnibus  bonis  et  catallis,  quae  habet  in  difta  villa,  et  in  campis  ejus,  et  ma- 
rifcis, abfque  uHo  de  omnibus  retinemento.  Iflos  fervos  meos,  et  omnia  bona  et 
catalla  eorum,  cum  omnibus  cotagiis  quondam  mels,  fituatis  in  orientali  parte  flu- 
minis  circa  ligneam  capellum  fanfta;  Marix-  in  villa  de  Spaldyng,  ab  antiquo  Croy- 
landenfi  monatterio  pertincntem,  cum  omnibus  juribus,  et  aliis  rebus  appendentibus 
dedi  Deo,  et  fanclo  Giuhlaco,  ad  conftruftionem  pr«di61iE  celije,  una  cum  omibus 
pifcatiombus  meis  tarn  in  marifcis  adjacentibus,  quam  in  mari  ad  diOam  villam  ac- 
cedentc,  in  libcram  et  pcrpetuam  elceraofynam  meam,  pro  falute  anims  meve,  et 
animarum  omnium  piogenitorum  et  pnrentum  mcorum.  Iflud  meum  chirographum 
apuJ  Leyceftriam  in  prafentia  multorura  Chrilti  fidelium,  ibidem  in  die  fan<51o 
Pcntecoiles  colleflorum,  anno  Dominicas  incarnationis  m  li.  nJ<  Ego  Thoroldus 
fgno  fiiiiciir  crucis  confirmavi.  ^  Ego  Wlfmus  epifcopus  Dorcacidrenfis  ratificavi. 
►p  Ego  Wulgatus  abbas  Croylandice  gaudcns  acceptavi.  ►J^  Ego  Letvvinus  abbas 
Thorneyenfis  coUaudavi.  y^  Ego  Leofricus  comes  concefli.  ^  Ego  Godiva  co- 
miiilTa  diu  iflad  dtfideravi.  t^  Ego  Algarus  comes  confenfi.  >^  Ego  Turnerus 
capeilanus  domini  mei  Wlfini  epifcopi  Dorcacedren.  praifens  affni.  np  Ego  Wul- 
narus  capeilanus  diet!  domini  mei  Wlnni  epifcopi  aufcultavi.  ^  Ego  Sitricus  ca- 
peilanus dii'li  domini  mei  Wlfuii  ai'pexi.  ►J-i  Ego  Stanardus  minider  domini  mei 
comiiis  Leofrici  interfui.  y^  Ego  Fulco  monachus  Croylandite  applaufi.  y{-i  Ego 
Pigotus  monachus  Thorneienfis  confpexi.  ►J*  Ego  Livingus  clericus  iftud  chiro- 
graplium  manu  mea  fcripfi,  et  domino  meo  Thoroldo  vicecomiii  tradiJi,  prsdiifto 
iWulgato  abbati  Croyland  de  manu  in  manum  donandum. 


N°  XVI. 


li  I  S  T  O  R  Y    O  F    C  R  O  V  L  A  N  D.  31 


N°  XVJ. 


chart  a  Ahari  Com  it  is. 

CHnlSTIANIS  univerfis  per  totam  Merciam  raaHentibus  yMgaius  comes  fa- 
lucem.  Intelligerc  volo  vos  omnes  quod  ego  douavi  fpirituali  patri  meo  Si- 
wardo  abbati  Croylandin?,  &  omnibus  ibidem  abbatibus  poll  ipfum,  &.  eornm  mo- 
nachis,  in  Holbcch  &  in  Cappelad  qviatiior  caiucatas  terras,  &:  fex  bovatas  ?c  duo- 
decim  acras  prati,  cum  ecclefia  paroch.  de  Cappelad,  &  ejus  prefbytero,  &  cum 
capella  fanOi  Johannis  Baptifta?  in  eadem  villa,  utia  cum  merfco  duarum  millinm 
acrarum  ia  liiore  maris,  £c  marifco  trium  millium  acrarum  juKta  aquam  fuam  de 
Schepifhee,  h.  in  Spaldclyng  duas  carucatas  terrse,  he  in  Pynccbek  dimidiam  caru- 
catam  terrje,  &  in  Algare  undecim  bovatas,  &:  in  Donnefdik  duas  carucatas  &  vi 
ginii  acras  prati,  &  in  Draiton  unam  carucatam  &:  fex  acras  prati,  5c  quatuor  falin. 
&  cum  una  car.  in  Burtoft  cum  ecclefia  de  Sutterton,  &  cum  capella  fua  de  Salte- 
ney.  Hjec  mea  donaria  dedi  in  perpetuam  eleemofynam  prsefato  abbati  Siwardo 
Sc  monachis  fuis,  ad  ludentationem  fui  monafterii,  quoniam,  ficut  frepe  didici,  in- 
fula  fua  nuUius  eil  ferax  tririci :  &;  cum  hoc  chirographo  apud  Legeceftriam  in 
prasfentia  Domini  mei  regis  Kenulphi,  Anno  Incarnationis  Chrifti  dccc  x  flabiliter 
confirmavi>^.  Ego  Kenulphus  rex  Merciorum  concefii  ^.  Ego  Wlfredus  Archie- 
pifcopus  Dorob.  confului  ►j".  Ego  Wonwona  Epifcopus  Legeccllrenfis  colIaudavi^J<. 
Ego  Celwlphus  frater  regis  Kenulphi  approbavi^.  Ego  Algarus  filius  Algari 
gratum  habui  ►J^. 


N°  XVII. 


Charta  Regis  Stephani. 

STEPHANUS  rex  Anglice,  archiepifcopis,  epifcopis,  abl)atibu3,  coraitlbus, 
jufticiariis,  vicecomitibus,  baronibus,  niinitlris,  Z:.  omnibus  fulelibus  fuis  Franr 
CIS  &  i^nglis  totius  Anglio?,  falutem.  Sciatis  mc  concefiiffe  &  confirmalfe  Deo 
&  ecclefia  fanfti  Guthlaci  de  Croylande  &  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus  om- 
nes terras  &  tenuras  8c  pofl'efTiones  alias  ad  eandem  ecclefiam  pertincntes,  &  nomi- 
natim  marifcum  in  quo  fita  eft  ecclefia  prcedifta,  cu  n  limitibus  fuis  nomiuaiis,  qui 
fie  tenduntur :  de  Croylande  ufque  ad  Afendyke,  &  fie  ufque  ad  Afwyktolre,  & 
fie  per  Shepee  ufque  Tydwanhare,  &  inde  ufqu$  ad  Normanflonde,  &  fie  per  aquara 

I)  4  dc 


32  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

dc  N'een  ufque  ad  Fynfet,  8c  fic  ufque  ad  Greynes,  &  ita  ad  Fohvardftakyne,  & 
inde  ficut  Southlake  cadit  in  aquam  de  Welande  ;  &  fic  ex  altera  pane  aqua;  ufque 
ad  Afpathe,  &  inde  ufque  Warwarlake,  &  fic  ufque  ad  Harenholte,  h  fic  furfum- 
aquam  de  Mengerlake,  &  inde  ficut  Ajiynholte  cadit  in  Welonde.  Quare  volo  & 
finniter  pra?cipio,  quod  prasdifta  ecclefia  &  abbas  Sc  monachi  teneant  &:  in  perpe- 
tuum  pollideant  quicquid  continetur  intra  has  metas,  &  omnes  alias  terras  Sc  tenu- 
ras  Sc  pofTeffiones  fuas,  bene,  Sc  in  pace,  &  libere,  &  honorifice,  Sc  quiete,  in  bof- 
«o  &  in  piano,  in  pratis  &  paftiiris,  in  aquis  Sc  marifcis,  in  vivariis  Sc  pifcariis,  in 
inolcndinis  Sc  (lagnis,  Sc  in  omnibus  allis  rebus,  &  locis,  cum  faca  Sc  focca  Sc  tol 
Sc  theam,  Sc  infangethefe,  Sc  cum  aliis  iiberis  confaetudinibus  Sc  quietationibus,, 
cam  quibu3  aliqua  ecclefia  regni  mei  melius  &  liberius  Sc  quietius  te.ne.t..  T.,.M». 
lie^ina,  Sc  Coax.  Simone  Si  aliis  apud  Siamfordiara, 


N°  xviii: 

Gharia  Regis.  Henrici  I. 

XENPJCU3  rex  Angl.  epifcopis  Ang!.  baronlbus,  vicecomitibus,  omniburqu«- 
i.  fidelibus  fuis  Francis  Sc  Anglis  falutem.  Sciatis  me  conceffiire  Sc  confirmaife 
JbffVido  abbati  Croylandia;  St  omnii)us  fucceflbribus  fuis,  Sc  monachis  ibidem  Deo 
iervientibus_,  omnes  poffeffiones  h.  libertates  ipeciticatas  in  charta  domini  E  iredi 
quondam  regis  Angliffi,  de  qua  cbarta  iHuftriflimus  rex  Wilelmus  pater  mens  rnen- 
tionem  facit  in  charta  confirmationis  fUcE  raonafterio  eidein  inde  fafta.  Et  idco 
prircipio  quod  habeant  omnes  tenuras  Sc  pofTeffiones  fuas  liberas  Sc  folutas  ab  om- 
ni  fervitio  feculari,  fcilicet  fcotto,  geldo,  Ss  omnibus  auxiiiis  vicecomitum.  Sc  oni-- 
nium  mininralium  eorum,  hidagio,  danegeldo,  fchiris,  hundredis,  wapuntagiis, 
thrithingis,  placitis  Sc  querells,  Sc  ab  omnibus  operibus  callellorum,  .arcium,  pon- 
tium,  portuum,  variumque  fuftentione,  Sc  omni  cariagio  Sc  fummagio  &  navigio, 
&  regalium  domorum  icdificatione,  Sc  ab  omni  onere  feculi  fint  immunes. 

Concede  etiam  praediifio  abbati  &  monachis  fuis,  quod  ipfi  habeant   francum   pla- 
gium in  omnibus  dominiis  fuis  in  cuftodia  fua  ;  Sc  prohibc-o  ne  aliquis  de  hoc  fe   in-, 
iromittat,  nlfi  ipfi  Sc  ballivi  fui ;  cum  focha,  facha,  tol,  h.  tern,  intangthef,  hamfokne 
gridbregre,  blodwiths,  murdro  Sc  tcfauro  forertall,  fiem  Sc  flitre,  Sc  ordel,  &   aliis- 
libertatibus  quas^regia  poteftas  aliquibus  aliis  monallieriis  dare  confuevit.     Prohibeo 
■Similiter  ne  aliquis  alterius  dominii  capiat  teloncum,  pafiagium,  vel  genus   aliquod 
vcftigalis  exigat  infra  fines  &  limites  villarum  fuarum,  Icilicet  Crcyland,  Langetofr,, 
Cappelade,  &  Wcndlingburgh,.  abfque  diflorum  abbatis.Sc;  monachorum  licentia  Sc 
voluniate,  fub  forisfafiora  x  librarum  thefauro  meo  vel  hreredum  meorum   quotiens 
hoc  attentare  prssfumferint,  fi  convifti  inde  fuerinr,  folvendarum.     Huic  me^  con- 
ceffioni  ex  parte  mea  telles  interfuerunt  illi  fubfcripti.     Robertus  epifcopus  Lincoln. 
Her  reus  epifcopus  Ueljeniis  primus-    Warnerus  de  Lufors.     Hugo  de  Ellartis,  & 
I.  alii 


HISTORY     OF    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  33 

alii  pturej,  ajnid  O.xeiiford.      Anno  Dominica;  Incr.rnationis  millefimo  centefimo 
quarto  decimo,  &  regni  Henrici  regis  quarto  decimo.     Si^>ium  regis  ipjiits^ 


N°  XIX. 


Chart  a  Regis  Johannis.- 

JOHANNES  Dei  gratia  rex  Anglise,  dominus  Hibcrnirc,  dux  Nornraniie, 
AqtiitaniiE,  &  com  s  Andegavite,  archicpifcopis,  epifcopis,  abbatibus,  comi- 
tibus,  baronibus,  juftitiariis,  viccaomitibus,  &  omnibus  fiadibus  &  ballivis  Uiis  fa- 
lutem.  Sci.itis  nos  conceflifTe  &  confirmafle  Deo  &  eccLefix  fanfti  Guthlaci  de 
Croyland,  8c  abbati  &  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibus,  omnes  terras  &  tenuras 
&  poflefllones  alias  ad  eandem  ecclefiam  pertinentes,  &  fpecialiter  fedem  abbathice 
cum  iimitibus  Ibis  nominatis,  qui  lie  tenduntur  :  fcilicet,  per  quinque  leucas  a 
Croyland  ufque  iliuc  ubi  Afendyke  cadit  in  aquam  de  Welande,  &  lie  per  Afen- 
dyke  ufque  ad  Afvyktofte,  &  fic  ufque  Shepyfhee,  &  lie  ufque  Tyddwarthar,  & 
ita  ad  Nomanfland,  5c  ira  per  aquam  quiB  dicitur  Neen  ufque  ad  Finem  factum, 
&  inde  furfum  Finem  faflum  ufque  ad  Greynes,  &  ita  ufque  Folkwoldltakynge, 
&  inde  ficut  Soutblake  cadit  in  Weland,  &  fic  per  Weland  furfum  ad  nquiionem 
ufque  ad  Afpath,  &  iiule  uf;ue  ad  Werwarlake.  h.  ita  ufque  ad  Harenholr,  & 
furfum  per  aquam  ufque  Wengerlake,  &  fic  per  Lortlake  ufque  Oggote,  8c  inde. 
frcut  Apynholt  cadit  in  W^eland  omnes  pifcationes  pertinentes  ad  prcediftos  limites. 
Qiiare  volumus  &  firmiter  prcpclpimus,  quod  prasd'ifla  ecclefia  &  abbas  &  mona- 
chi  tetleaat  &  in  perpetuum  pofiideant. omnes  terras  &  tenuras  &  alias  pofTelliones 
fuas,  8c  omnes  donationes,  qus  poll  mortem  Henrici  regis  avi  patris  nollri  eis  ra« 
tionabiliter  data  funt,  bene  &  in  pace,  libere  8c  quiete  ii  honorifice,  in  bofco  8c 
in  piano,  in  pratis  &  pafturis,  in  aquis  8c  marifcis,  in  vivaiiis  &  pifcariis,  in  molen- 
dinis  8c  ftagnis,  &  in  omnibus  aliis  rebus  8c  loci<;,  cum  focha,  8c  facha,  &  thol,  8c. 
theam,  et  intangiliefe,  et  cum  omnibus  abis  1  beris  conluerudinibus  et  quietationi- 
bus,  cum  quibus  ecclefia  ilia  et  abbatcs  et  monaclii  melius- et  liberius  et  quietius  te- 
nuerurU;  tempore  Henrici  regis  avi  patris  nollri,  vel  aliorum  p.sdecelTorum  nodro- 
rum  regum  Anglia?,  et  ficut  aliqus  ecclefia;  nolbiv  Anglicr  melius  et  liberius  et 
quietlus  tenent,  licut  chartiB  Henrici  regis  p.urts  nollri,  et  Ixichardi  regis  avunculi  • 
nollri,  et  Johannis  regis  parris  noitri,  quas  inde  habenc  rationabiliter  teftatur.  Hi-i 
is-teitibus,  &c.  Dat.  per  manum  Simonis.arcbidiaconi  Wellenfis. 


D  s  N°  XX. 


34  APPENDIX        T    O        T    II    E 


N°  XX. 


'GO  fr  ThoiTi  Fieftone  pmiito,  aiTirnio,  &  juro  fnp  fca  evangelia  Sc  in  verbo 
[^_j  facerdccii  cor  dno  Jotie  Dei  gra  abbate  Croylandia'  h  toto  conventu  in  do- 
ino  noflra  capitut  me  sb  pietcxtu  colcTe  inee  ad  curia  Romanu  licentiatum  nuilas  im- 
pctrcoes  inibi  attemptare  vel  faccre  p  me  &  p  alia  itpofitam  perfona  clam  vel  pa- 
lam,  dirccle  vel  indircifte,  vel  quovis  alio  colore  cnjufcunque  dignitatis,  ftattis, 
Tel  gradus,  in  diclo  monailci-io  Croyl'  vel  ad  dift'  nion'  ptinent',  nee  eciam  in 
pjudiciu  alicujus  perfone  rcgularls  vel  feclaris,  fen'^  vel  jun'^  infra  more  vel  extr' 
nifi  lolum  ilia  que  concernunt  aic  mee  lalte  &  conscie  mee  rcdintegcoem  :  qd  fi  alii' 
iullinftu  diaboli  feco  me  ipius  dni  Jotiis  abbis  &  toe  convent'  ordinacoi  atq;  cor- 
recoi  in  reditu  meo  mere,  libe,  &c  abfolute  fuppono  h  abicio.  Adta  funt  h«c  in 
domo  nra  captari  iiti°  nonas  A.  D.  m.ccc.lxxx.  primo. 

Uevdo  in  Xpo  Patri  &   dno,  dni   nri  Pape  &   Sedis  Aplice   penitenciario,  fr 
Jolies  monaftii  de  Croyl.  orffis  fci  Benediai,  Lincoln'  dyocelis,  abbas,  hilis,  otScam, 
reveucia,  &  honor'.     Cum  nos  dileftu  cofrem  nrum  T.  de  Frefton  pbrum,  mochu  & 
pfeffum  fup  quibufd  aie  fue  faltm  tangentibs  nobis  in  confeffione  emiflum  ad   fedem 
eand  mrito  duximus  trmittend  paternitati  vre  revnde  hilit'  fupplicam'  qtin'  perfona 

ejufd  hentes  in  Dno  ppenc'  comendata  ipum  fup  hiis,  ejus  confelloe  audita * 

vris  fi  libent  abfolutoriis  remitte  dignat'  qm  cici''  expeditii,  cum  aliud  ibid  nos  con- 
tingens  negotiij  non  heat  pfequend.  In  votivis  (pfpis  &  longevis  Altiffimus  vos 
confervet.     Scriptu  in  mon.  pdco  Croyl.  iiii°  nonas  menf.  Marcii,  &c. 

Thefe  curious  articles  are  written  on  a  fmall  flip  of  parchment,  in  the  regifter  of 
which  they  feem  to  have  no  part.  The  firft  is  a  mofl  folemn  proteftation  of  a  monk 
who  had  committed  fume  great  fault,  for  which  he  could  get  no  abfolution  at  home, 
being  one  of  the  referved  cafes  for  which  he  was  obliged  to  go  to  Rome.  The 
abbot's  caution  is  very  remarkable  in  it;  that  he  fiiould  not  be  troublefome,  in 
any  fhape,  to  him  or  the  abbey  while  he  was  there.  The  other  is  the  abbot's  let- 
ter to  the  grand  penitentiary,  to  grant  him  abfolution,  and  fend  him  back  as  foon 
as  he  had  obtained  it.  It  is  written  in  a  very  fmall  ill  hand,  &  in  one  or  two  places 
the  words  worn  away. 

Communicated  by  the  rev.  Mr.  Cole. 

•  f,  iilen'i. 


No  XXI. 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y     O  F     C  R  O  Y  L,  A  N  D.  35 

N°   XXI. 

Finis  inter  nos  ^  Abhatem  de  Burgo. 

H^  C  eft  finalis  Concordia  fa(f^a  in  curia  domini  regis  apud  Lexington,  die  Lu- 
n«  proximo  pofi  purificationem  bea-ia;  Maricc,  anno  regni  regis  Johannis  fep- 
timo,  coram  ipfo  domino  rege  &c.  inter  Akarium  abbatem,  8c  conventum  de  Bur- 
go  petentes,  &  Henricum  abbatem  &  conventum  de  Croyland  tenentes  de  una  vir- 
gata  terrte  cum  pertinentiis  in  Peyicyrke,  &  de  quodam  marifco  cujus  tales  fiint 
raeta;  ;  fcilicet  ab  aqua  de  Croyland,  qu£e  dicitiir  Neen,  ufque  ad  locum  qui  dicitur 
Fynfeth,  &  ab  illo  loco  qui  dicitur  Fynfeth  ufque  Greynes,  &  a  Greynes  ufque 
Folewartftakyng,  &  inde  ufque  ad  Southlake,  ubi  Southlake  cadit  in  Weland,  & 
inde  ficut  aqua  de  Weland  currit  ufque  ad  Croyland,  &c  ibi  cadit  in  Neen.  Unde 
fuit  placitum  inter  eos  in  eadem  curia,  quod  prfedidus  abbas  de  Croyland  recogno- 
vit  &  conceffit  prccdiftam  terrara,  &  pra?difium  marifcum,  cum  pertinentiis,  efle  feo- 
dum abbatis  &  ecclefice  fanfti  Petri  de  Burgo,  &  pro  hac  recognitione  &conceffione, 
fine  &  Concordia,  iidem  abbas  &  conventus  de  Burgo  concefferunt  pr^diftis  abbati 
&  conventui  de  Croyland  prcefatam  virgatam  terrje  cum  pertinentiis  in  Peykyrk,  ha- 
bendam  &  tenendam  fibi  &  fuccelForibus  fuis  de  abbate  Sc  monatterio  de  Burgo, 
&  fucceflbri  ipfi  abbathias,  per  fervitium  quod  ad  eandem  terram  pertinet,  ficut 
partita  eft  inter  illos  qui  cam  tenent ;  fcilicet  de  tofto  cum  terra  in  campo  quod 
Reginaldus  faber  inde  tenuit,  per  unum  diem  arare  in  byeme,  &  per  unum  dieoi 
in  quadragefima,  cum  tanto  quantum  ille  qui  toftum  illud  &  terram  tenuerit  ha- 
bebit  in  caruca,  &  debet  per  unum  diem  fartulare,  &  per  unum  diem  feenum  leva- 
re  &  parare  in  prato  de  Makefeia  in  dominico  prato  abbatis  de  Burgo,  cum  ho- 
minibus  ipfius  abbatis  de  Burgo ;  &  debet  in  aurumno  diiuidiam  terram  tcrrcp  me« 
tere,  8c  blad.  ligare,  8:  fuper  eandem  terram  intaffare  :  8c  omnia  pra:di(fta  debet  fa« 
cere  ad  cuftum  fuum.  Et  debet  in  autumno  ad  cibum  ipfius  abbatis  de  Burgo  per 
unum  diem  metere  cum  uno  homine  blad.  ipfius  abbatis  in  campo  de  Peykyrk,  vel 
de  Glynton.  Et  fi  abbas  de  Burgo  eum  non  pafcat  eo  die,  non  debet  metere  nifi 
ufque  ad  nonam.  Et  toftum  cum  terra  in  campo  quod  Gocelinus  filius  Godwin} 
inde  tenuit  debet  facere  omnia  prtedifta  ferviiia  S;  prsdiftas  corfuetudines.  Tof- 
tum cum  terra  in  campo  quod  Willielmus  filius  Radulphi  inde  tenuit,  debet  facere 
omnia  prjedifta  fervitia  8c  pra;di6las  coufuetudines.  Toftum  cum  terra  in  campo 
quod  Averus  filius  Alwoldi  inde  tenuit  debet  facere  omnia  pradl^la  fervitia  8c 
prtediflas  confuetudines.  Toftum  cum  terra  in  campo  quod  Petrus  Palmerus  inde 
tenuit  debet  facere  omnia  prcedifta  fervitia  8c  pr?ediftas  confuetudines.  Toftum 
cum  terra  in  campo  quod  Willielmus  filius  Seueni  inde  tenuit  debet  facere  omnia 
prtedifta  fervitia  8c  pra^diclas  confuetudines.     Toftum  cum   terra  in  campo  quod 

E  AVal. 


36  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

Walterus  filius  Reginald!    inde   tenuit    debet  facere  omnia  prsedifta    fervitia    &c 
pridiftas  confuetudines.     Tonum  cum  terra  in  campo  qnod  Regin.  Carpenter  Inde 
tenuit  debet  facere  omnia  prardiifla   fervitia  &   prardiftas  conruet\idinc3.     Toftum 
cum  terra  in   campo   quo^l  Richard..is  filius  Alweici  inde  tenuit  debet  facere  om- 
nia pra;di(51a   fervitia  &  pra?di6tas  confuetudines;  &  prjeterea  debet  bis  in  iiyeme 
arare,  &  bis  in  quadragefima  :   ita  quod  ter  arabit  in  hvcme,  &  ter  in  quadragefima 
ad  cuftum  fuura,  &  debet  ducere  unam  carucatam.  bolci  a  marifco  ufque  ad  curiam 
abbatis  de  Bur2;o  apud  Burgum  ad   feitum  fanfti  Michafelis.     Et   pr^eterea   ouines 
homines    prxdii^am  terram  tenentes    debent  fequi  hundredum  abbatis   de    Burgo 
per  qnoflibet  quindecim  dies,  &  debent  fex  denar.  ob.   per   annum  de   hydagio,  et 
debent  mondrare  abbati  de   Burgo   vel   ballivo  Franciplegium  fuum,  et  debent  fa- 
cere vigiliam  cum  aliis   hominibus   provincial   ad   debitum  &  ftatutum  locum,  ficuc 
facere  confueverunt,  inter  felhim   fanfti   Miciiaelis   &  feRum  fanfli  Martini.     H?ec 
autem  lervitia  &  has  confuetudines  liabebunt  prredifli  abbas  &  convcntus  de  Burgo 
&  fucceifores  eorum  de  pra-di^ta  terra.     Itaque  illas  non  poterunt  augere  vel  mu- 
tare,  nee  amplius  de  terra  ilia  in  aliquo  exigere.  Abbas  quoque  &  conventus  de  Burgo 
concefTerunt  eifdem  abbati  &  conventui  de  Croyland  praedidlum  marifcum  fecundum 
quod  per  prasdidlas  metas  diltinftiun  e(t,  habendum  &  tenendum  fibi  &  fuccelfori- 
bus  fuis  de  ipfis  abbace  &  conventu  de  Burgo  &  fucceflbrum  eorum  in  perpetuum, 
reddendo  inde  per  annum  in  ecclefia  fancli  Petri  de  Burgo  qnatuor  petras  ceras  in- 
fra oflab.  apoftolorum  Petri  &  Pauli,  pro  omnio  fervitio  &  exaflione,     Itaque  ab- 
bas &  conventus  de  Burgo  vel  eorum  fuecelfores  nihil  ultra  illas  quatuor  petras  ce- 
rce  inde  poterunt  exigere.     Salvo  tamen  eo  quod  abbas  &  conventus  de  Burgo  ha- 
bebunt  commodum  herbagii  de  omnibus  averiis  tam  propriis  quam  hominum  fuo- 
rum,  quatn  etiam  de  averiis  quorumlibet  aliorum  quce  intrabunt  ilium  marifcum  prs- 
terquam  de  dominicis  averiis  abbatis  &  conventus  de  Croyland,  &  hominura  fuorum 
de  Croyland  &  de  Pcykyrk.     Et  fciendum  eft,  quod  licet  abbati  &  conventui  de 
Croyland,  &  hominibus  fuis  de  Croyland,  fine  occafione  &  fine  contradiftione  & 
jmpedimento  abbatis  &  conventus  de  Burgo  &  fuorum  fervientum,  ibi  turbam  fo- 
dere,  &  ubi  turbam   foderunt  fub  turba  argillum  &  fabulum  caperc,  &  falcare  in 
marifco  illo,  Ros  &  Junftum  Si  Glagellum  &  Bingdyngham.     Ita  tamen  quod  non 
removeant  averia  qu:E  ibi  fuerunt  de  paftura  fua.     Poterunt  etiam  colpare  *  &  ha- 
bere ramilliam-|~,  &  omnia  genera  arborum  quae  in  eodem  marifco  fuerant.     Prsete- 
rea  de  alio  marilco  de  Peykyrk,  qute  eft  extra  prsdiftas  .metas,  convenit  inter  eof- 
dem  abbates  &  conventus,  quod  licebit  abbati  &  conventui  de  Burgo  fine  impedimen- 
to  &  contradi£^tione  abbatis  Sc  conventus  de  Croyland  Si  fervientum  (uorum,  in  eo  pra- 
tum    facere    fecundum  quantitatem  feodorum  fuorum  qua;    communicant  in    ea- 
dem  paftura  :   h  licebit  fimiliter  abbati  &  conventui  de  Croyland  pratum  facere   io 
eodem   marifco,  fecundum  quantitatem  feodorum  fuorum,   quje  ibi   communicant, 
fine  impedinaento  h  contradidtione  abbatis  &  conventus  de  Burgo  &  fervientium  fuo- 
rum. 

'i'here  is  an  agreement  in  old  Engli(h,  on  this  or  ferae  other  occafion,  copied 
from  the  regiiler  called  Swapham^  at  Peterborough,  in  Gunton's  Hiftory  of  that 
Church,  p.  290.  whicii,  being  but  fliiort,  is  here  fubjoined. 

*  Colpare,  Fr.  coupcr^  to  cut,  •}■  Ramillia,  fmall  branches  and  wood  for  firing. 

De 


HISTORY    OF    CROYLAND. 

De  Bimda  de  Fynfei. 


37 


BE  it  knowen  to  all  that  be  alyve  and  to  all  that  fliall  come  hereafter  that  the 
bounde  of  Fynfet,  which  is  made  mention  of  in  the  fyne  betwix  Akary,  abbot  of 
Peterburgh,  and  his  convent,  and  Henry  abbot  of  Croyland,  and  his  convent,  it  is 
fet  in  an  angyl  befyde  a  plot  that  is  called  now  a  days  Nomanfland,  betwix  the  wa- 
ters of  Weland  and  of  Nene ;  wich  water  of  Nene  hath  its  courfe  direflly  from 
Croyland  unto  Dovefdale,  on  the  South  fyde  of  a  crolfe  fet  there ;  and  the  water 
of  Weland  hath  his  courfe  direflly  from  Croyland  brig  unto  Nomanfland,  Hyrum 
by  a  water  called  Twandondyke  ;  and  th;.re  the.  water  of  Weland  fallyth  into  Nene; 
and  the  faid  Hyrum  is  fet  at  a  barre,  and  an  old  welow  near  the  dyke  wich  meu  go 
to  a  placed  called  Tutlakefland. 


N°  XXII. 


Charta  Reo-is  Henrki  III. 


".^ 


HENRICUS  Dei  gratia  rex  Auglia^,  dominus  Hibernian,  dux  Normaniac, 
Aquitanis,  et  comes  Andegavite,  archiepifcopis,  epifcopis,  abbatibus,  comi- 
tibus,  baronibus,  juflitiariis,  vicecomitibus,  et  omnibus  fidelibus  et  ballivis  fiiis  fa- 
lutem.  Sciatis  nos  concefliffe  et  confirmafTe  Deo  et  ecclefi^  fanifli  Guthlaci  de 
Croyland,  et  abbati  et  monachis  ibidem  Deo  fervientibiis,  omnes  terras  ct  tenuras 
et  poffefliones  alias  ad  eandem  ecclefiam  pcrtinentes,  et  fpecialiter  fedem  abbathise 
cum  iimitibus  fuis  nomisiatis,  qui  fie  tenduntur ;  fcilicet,  per  quinque  leucas  a 
Croyland  ufque  illuc  ubi  Afendyke  cadit  in  aquam  de  Welande,  et  fie  per  Afen- 
dyke  ufque  ad  Afwyktofte,  et  fie  ufque  Shepyfliee,  et  fie  ufque  Tyddwarthar,  et 
ita  ad  Nomanfland,  et  ita  per  aquam  qus  dicitur  Neen  ufque  ad  Fincm  faiflum, 
et  inde  furfum  Finem  fa£tum  ufque  ad  Greynes,  et  ita  ufque  Folkwoldftakynge, 
et  inde  ficut  Southlake  cadit  in  VVeland,  et  fie  per  Weland  furfum  ad  aquilonein 
ufque  ad  Afpath,  et  inde  ufque  ad  Werwarlake,  et  ira  ufque  ad  Harenholt,  et 
furfum  per  aquam  ufque  Wengerlake,  et  fic  per  Lortlake  ufque  Oggote,  et  inde 
ficut  Apynholt  cadit  in  Weland  omnes  pifcationes  pertinenres  ad  prsdidfos  limites. 
Quare  volumus  et  firmiter  pr:£cipimus,  quod  pr:tdidla  ecclefia  et  abbas  et  mona- 
chi  teneant  et  in  perpetuum  poflldeant  omnes  terras  et  tenuras  et  alias  polfefliones 
fuas,  et  omnes  donationes,  quse  polf  mortem  Henrici  regis  avi  nolfri  eis  rationabi- 
liter  dat£e  funt,  bene  et  in  pace,  libere  et  quiete  et  honorifire,  in  bofco  et  in  pia- 
no, in  pratis  et  pafturis,  in  aquis  et  marifcis,  in  molendinis  et  ftagnis,  et  in  omni- 
bus aliis  rebus  et  locis,  cum  focha,  et  facha,  et  thol,  et  theam,  et  infangrhefc,  et 
cum  omnibus  aliis  liberis  confuetudinibus  et  quietationibus,  cum  quibus  ecclefia  ilia 
et  iibbates  et  monachi  melius  et  liberius  et  quietius  tenucrunt  tempore  Henrici  regis 

£   2  avi 


3?  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

avi  noftri,  vel  aliorum  prjedecefforiim  noftrorum  Anglife,  et  ficut  aliquas  ecclefiae 
noftise  AnglijB  melius  et  liberiiis  et  quietius  tenent,  ficut  chartze  Henrici  regis  avi 
noflri,  et  Richardi  regis  avunculi  noflri,  et  Johannis  regis  patvis  noftri,  quas  inde 
habeiK,  rationabiliter  teftantur,  Hii3  telVibiis,  &c.  Dat.  per  munum  venerabilis  pa-, 
tris  E.  CiceftricE  epifcopi,  cancellarii  noftri,  apud  Weftinom  decimo  quinta  die  Mar- 
tii,  anno  regni  noftri  undccimo. 


N°  XXIII. 

Finis  jaBus  inter  Abbaiem  Croylmtd  W  Hugonem  Waks. 

TEC  efl;  finalis  concordia  fafta  in  curia  domini  regis  apud  Lincoln,  in  craftino 

ianfti  Lucce,  anno  regni  regis  Henrici,  filii  regis  Johannis,  decimo  oftavo, 

coram  abbate  de  Bardney,  Will,  de  Ebor.  Roberto  de  Fos,  Radulfo  de  Norvvic.  et 
Normanno  de  Arfey,  juflitiariis  itinerantibus,  et  aliis  domini  regis  fidelibus  tunc 
ibi  prajfentibus,  inter  Henricum  abbatcra  de  Croyland  querentem,  et  Hugonem 
Wake  deforciantem,  de  cullodia  marifci  de  Afpatli  ad  Wervvarlake,  et  ita  ad  Ded- 
manllake,  et  ita  ad  Croyland  per  aquam  de  Weland,  cum  pertinentiis ;  unde  idem 
abbas  queftus  fuit,  quod  prsdicius  Hugo  non  tenuit  ei  finem  faftum  in  curia  domi- 
ni regis  coram  juftitiariis  itinerantibus  apud  Lincolniam,  inter  ipfum  abbatem  et 
Baldewinum  Wake,  avum  prisdicli  Hugonis,  cujus  hteres  ipfe  eft,  et  unde  placi- 
tum  finis  fafti  fummotus  fuit  inter  eos  in  eadem  curia;  fcilicet  quod  prsdidus  Hu- 
go remilit,  et  quietum  clamavit  de  fe  et  hetredibus  fuis,  eidem  abbati,  fuccefforibus 
fuis,  et  ecclefiEe  fus  de  Croyland,  totum  jus  et  clamium  quod  habuit  in  pradifto 
niarifco  cum  pertinentiis  in  perpetuum.  Salva  tamen  eidem  Hugoni  et  hsredibus 
fuis,  et  hominibus  ipforum  conimuna  pafturs  in  eodem  marifco,  ad  omnimoda  ave- 
ria  fua  chacianda  et  rechacianda,  fine  impedimento  ipfius  abbatis  et  fuccelForum 
fuorum  in  perpetuum.  Et  prsterea  idem  Hugo  conceflu  pro  fe  et  ha^redibus  fuis, 
quod  fi  pra_'diftns  abbas  et  fucceffores  fui  aliquid  de  marifco  illo  in  defenfionem  po- 
nere  voluerint,  tunc  idem  Hugo  et  h^eredes  fui  habebunt  ibi  foreftarium  fuum  fi- 
mul  cum  foreftario  prasdifti  abbatis  et  fucceflbrum  fuorum  :  ita  quod  nullus  hominura 
ipfius  abbatis  nee  fucceflbrum  fnorum^  nee  aliquis  hominum  pra;difti  Hugonis,  nee 
hasredum  fuorum  aliquid  in  defenfione  ilia  capiet,  nifi  de  communi  aflenfu  et  volun- 
tare  prsdif^orum  abbatis  et  fucceflbrum  fuorum,  et  Hugonis  et  hceredum  fuorum; 
fed  uterque  ipforum,  abbatis  et  Hugonis,  capiet  ibi  ad  proprios  ulus  fuos  quantum 
voluerint.  Conceflat  etiam  idem  Hugo  pro  fe  et  hacredibus  fuis  quod  pra;diflus. 
abbas  et  fucceflbres  fui,  et  ecclefia  fua  de  Croyland,  habeant  tres  batellos  in  Ha- 
renholt  et  in  perpetuum,  et  duos  batellos  in  gratia  ipfius  Hugonis  et  hajredum  fuo- 
rum. Et  quod  barra  laci  qui  vadit  apud  Harenhok  erit  ad  divilam  marifci,  per 
4  con- 


n  I  S  T  O  II  T    0  F    C  Tx  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  r^^ 

confideratlonem  prcediftorum  abbatis  &  fuccefforum  fuorum,  &  Hugonis  k  haTedum 
fuorum.  Ec  in  eadem  barra  erunt  duns  Icrra;  &  diin5  claves ;  quarum  unam  liabe- 
bit  fcrvicns  abbatis  &  fucceflbrum  fuorum,  &  al'am  fcrviens  prjedicli  Hiigonis  & 
hsredum  Aiorum.  Et  idem  abbas  recepit  prxdiiftum  Ilugonem  &  hneredes  fnos  in 
fipgulis  beneficiis  &  rationibus  quce  de  cx-tcro  fiem  in  ecclefiu  iua  de  Croyland  iu 
perpetuum. 


N°   XXIV.  (p.  6i). 


ColleBanea  ex  Regijlro  MSto  pervettijlo  Abbatice  de  Croiiland 
per  Robertum  T'rejwelle  Somerfet  Feciakfu  circa  Annum 

Domini  i  597. 

Had.  MS.  .294,  73.  p.  194. 

DNS  Wydo  de  Croun,  qui  venit  cum  Wiltmo  Conqueftore  in  Angllara,  genuit 
filium  nomine  Alanum.  Alanus  de  Croun,  fundator  prioratus  de  Freftoii 
tempore  regis  Henrici  primi,  genuit  filium  nomine  Mauritium.  Mauritius  de  Croun, 
genuit  filium  nomine  Wydonem,  tempore  Stephi  regis.  Wydo  de  Croun  fecundus, 
tempore  Rici  regis,  genuit  filiam  nofe  Petronillam,  que  nupfit  domino  Willielmo 
de  Longchampe,  cognato  WlUieimi  Longchampe  epifcopi  Elienfis.  Petronilla  de 
Croun,  uxor  Wilti  Longchampe,  peperit  filium  nomine  Henricum  a  nomine  domini 
Henrici  Longchampe  abbatis  Crowland,  tempore  Johis  regis.  IVIortuo  Wiltmo  de 
Longchamp  fupradict',  dca  Petronilla  nupfit  cuidam  de  la  Mare  de  quo  nullos  libe- 
ros  tulit.  Quo  mortuo,  Petronilla  tertio  nupfit  Olivero  de  Vallibus,  cui  dca  Petro- 
nilla dedit  manerium  de  Frefton,  &  peperit  ei  filium  nomine  Johannem.  Henricus 
Longchamp,  filius  Petronille  Croun  fenioris,  genuit  filiam  nomine  Aliciam,  que 
nupfit  d'no  Rogero  Pedwardin.  Alicia  Longchamp  uxor  Rogeri  Pedwardin  peperit 
filios  Walterum,  Henricum,  Bryanum,  Jonnnem,  &  Ricardum.  Rogerus  Pedwar- 
din fecundus  genuit  Walterum.  Joannes  de  Vallibus  filius  Petronille  Croun,  genuit 
filiam  nomine  Matildam,  quam  WiltusRoos,  filius  Roberti  Roos  duxit  in  uxorem. 
WilUis  de  Roos,  dnus  de  Hanilack,  genuit  Wiltum  de  Roos  fecundum.  Wiltus 
Roos  fecundus  duxit  in  uxorem  Margcriam  filiam  dni  Barthi  de  Baldifmere,  &  genuit 
Wilhn  tertium,  qui  obiit  verfus  terram  fanflam  &  Thomam.  Thomas  de  Roos  duiit 
in  uxorem  filiam  coraitis  Stafford,  &  genuit,  &c. 


£3  N*  XXV 


40  APPENDIX        TO        THE 


N°  XXV. 


Award  of  thi  BiJJjop  of  Lincoln^K 

lE  it  known  to  all  them  that  theis  prefent  letters  fhall  fee  or  here,  that  wheras. 

diverfe  debates,   variaunces,  contraveriies,   and  diiTenfions   hath  growen  and 

late  bene  moavid  and  flerid  betvveu  the  noble  lord  Thomas  Dacre,  lorde  of  Dacre, 
and  John  his  fon,  claymyng  to  have  corredlion  and  punifliments  of  all  manner  of 
trefpafcs  and  ofFenfes  don  in  the  kyngys  hyegh  wayes,  coramen  ftretys,  and  waft 
gronds,  in  the  town  of  Whapplode,  in  the  Ihire  of  Lincoln,  be  the  ryght  of  the 
manoir  and  lordefhip  oF  Holbech  pcrteynyng  to  the  faide  Thomas,  of  that  one 
partie,  and  the  worlliipful  and  religious  fadre  John,  th'abbot  of  Croyland,  afferm- 
yng  and  faying  the  contrarie,  and  that  all  fuch  ryghts  longeth  oonlie  to  hym,  be 
ryght  of  the  manoire  and  lordefliip  of  W'haplode,  perteynyng  to  the  faid  abbot  be 
the  ryght  of  his  chirch,  on  the  other  partie:  upon  which  debates,  variances,  con- 
traverfiez,  and  diiTenfions,  as  well  upon  all  the  incidents,  dependants,  and  thyngs 
grown  uppon  the  fame;  it  hath  I'.ked  the  faid  parties  to  bynde  them  be  their 
dedes  obligatorie,  ber\  ng  the  date  of  the  xvii  day  of  the  raoneth  of  Februarie, 
rheyereofthe  reinge  of  kyng  Ilerry  the  Sixt  the  xxvi,  to  Hand  and  obey  to 
th'acbitrement,  ordinauncc,  awarde,  jngement,  and  decree,  or  connfell  of  me,  Wil- 
liam, be  the  fuffraunce  of  God  b\  fliop  of  Lincoln,  as  it  apperith  more  pleinlie  be 
the  condicions  of  the  laid  obligations.  I  William  bylhop  abv)vefaid,  dcfyryng  the 
gcode  pece,  eafe,  and  reife  cf  bothe  parties  aforfeid,  theyr  fucceflburs,  men,  fer-- 
viiunts,  and  tenants,  aftyr  diver(e  daves  of  examinacion  of  the  fuide  matier  of  de- 
liaie,  variauncc,  contraveriies,  and  dilTcncion,  and  goode  deliberacion  hadde,  com- 
municacion  hadde  alio  thereupon  with  wyle,  ladde,  and  lernyd  men  the  lavve,  the 
■XXI  dayc  of  this  preient  moneih  ot  September,  the  yere  of  the  reigne  of  kyng  Herry 
the  Sixt  xxvii,  arbitre,  awarde,  oideine,  denie,  and  decree  in  forme  that  foloweth  : 

Fyrfl,  conlideryng  that  the  feidc  abbot  be  the  ryght  of  his  chirch,  is  callid  lorde 
of  the  fayd  towne  of  Whaplode,  .and  hath  therby  luffyciaunt  graunte,  warant,  and 
auftorite,  lecte  and  alfo  feyer  and  market  in  the  wai1e  grondcs  of  the  fayde  towne 
and  that  he  and  his  predecefibrs  have  hadde  a  viewe  of  Francipleg,  in  the  faide 
towne  of  Whapplode,  and  have  punifliid  and  corre^ied  trefpales  and  otfenfes  doiv 
withinne  the  highwayes,  comen  fircts,  and  waft  grownds  withmne  the  faide  grounde 
of  Whaplode,  with  all  manner  of  wayvcs  and  llrayes,  and  trefoure  troue,  and  other 
libertesand  fraunchifes  perteinyng  to  the  vitwe  of  Francipleg;  the  which  polfeihon 
he  and  his  predeccflbures  have  continued  lith  the  t\me  of  king  Hcrry  the  Thyrd, 
as  it  appereth  moore  pleinlie  be  the  court  rolles  made  of  the  faid  viewe  ;    and  the 

*  William  Aiii'.vyck,  who  fat  from  1^35  to  1450. 

2  faid 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    O  F    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  41 

faid  lord  Thomas  Dacre  have  not  paffyng  xii  tenaiints  in  tlie  faide  town  :  the  faid 
abbot  and  his  fucceflTours  fliall  have  and  peafiblie  eiijoye  all  maner  of  corrcccioii  and 
puniffments  of  all  maner  of  trefpafes  and  ofTences  don  in  the  faid  vva_ves,  ftreets, 
and  wait  growndes  within  the  faid  ton  of  VVhaplodc,  with  wayves,  ftraycs,  and 
other  libcrtes  and  fraiinchifez  now  longyng  to  the  viewe  of  Franciplegc,  of  the  fiiid 
abbot  in  the  faid  town.  Excepte  alway  iindir  exceptid,  and  followyngli  juged  and 
decreed  unto  the  fiiid  loitle  Dacre  be  this  my  prtfent  awarde:  confyderyng  alfo 
that  the  faid  Thomas  lorde  Dacre  hath  in  lyke  vvyfe,  in  his  coutte  holdyn  at  Hol- 
bech,  inquirld  of  trefpafez  and  ofFenfes  doonc  within  the  high  wayc,  common  ftrete, 
and  waft  growndeof  the  faid  ton  of  Whaplode,  and  recyvid  prefcntments  of  the  fame, 
from  the  tyme  of  kyng  Edward  the  Thirde,  as  it  appereth  be  the  courte  roUes  maade 
of  the  viewes  haddc  in  his  courte  kepte  at  the  faid  Holbech  ;  and  fo  of  a  mykcll 
latter  tvme  polfefed  in  that  behalve:  which  pofl'eflion  for  fo  mykell  is  as  it  femes  of 
leffe  weight  and  force;  I  awarde,  ordeine,  deem,  and  decre,  that  the  faid  Thomas 
lorde  Dacre,  his  heires  and  his  fucceflbures,  fliul  nowe  by  his  tcnaunts  inquire  in 
his  courtes  holden  at  Holbech,  of  fuch  trefpafez  and  offeofes  don  within  the  high- 
waye,  common  ftrete,  and  waft  grownd,  withinne  the  faid  grownds  of  Whaplode, 
and  peafiblie  punyfh  and  corre£le  oonlie  his  own  tenaunts  refyeing  upon  his  own 
grownde  in  the  faid  town  of  \^"hapIode,  or  any  other  refying  in  the  faid  town  noC 
tenaunte  and  refyeng  of  the  faid  lord  Dacre,  [which  hold  not  of  the  laid  abbot  of 
Croyland,  nor  his  fucccflburs  being  for  the  tyme.  And  yff  the  faid  abbot  or  his 
fucccffours,  eny  tenaunt  or  tenauntz  of  the  faid  abbot  or  his  fucceilburs,  as  of  his 
manoire  of  Whajjlode,  or  eny  other  refyeing  in  the  laid  town,  not  tenaunte  and 
refyeing]  *  of  the  faid  lorde  Dacre  ground,  his  heier  or  hciercs,  withy n  the  faid 
towne  of  Whaplode,  be  prefentcd  in  the  courte  or  courtez  of  the  lorde  Dacre- 
beyng  for  the  tyme  of  eny  trefpas,  oRens,  or  m\  fprifion  doon  within  faide  town  of 
Whaplode,  or  wayes,  ftretcs,  or  waft  grounds  of  the  fame.  Neyther  the  faid  lorde 
Dacre,  his  hcyer  nor  heyrcs,  theyr  ofticer  nor  ofiiccrs,  nor  theyr  fcrvaunts  nor  mi- 
nillrcs  flrall  in  eny  wyfe  execute  the  laid  prefentment,  nor  levy  eny  amerciament 
nor  fyne  of  the  faid  abbot,  his  fucccffours,  nor  non  of  the  tenaunts  of  the  faid 
abbot,  as  of  his  manoyre  of  Whaplode,  or  his  fucceilburs,  or  any  other  rcfyein"-. 
in  the  faid  town  not  tenaunt  and  refyeng  on  the  faid  lord  Dacre  ground  within  the 
f.iid  town  of  Whaplode,  for  the  faid  caufe.  And  in  fembleable  wyfe,  yf  the  faid 
Thomas  lord  D.Lcre  or  his  heyres,  ony  tenaunt  or  tenauntz  of  the  faid  lorde  or 
i'.is  heires,  refyeng  uppon  his  ground  in  Wh:ipIodc,  not  holding  of  thabbot  beyng 
for  the  tyme,  be  reprefentid  in  thabbot's  courte  for  eny  trefpas,  olTens,  or  myf- 
jirifion  doon  withyiithe  faid  town  of  Whaplode,  or  wayes,  ftretes,  or  w.afte  grownds 
of  the  fame  town,  that  neyther  the  faid  abbot  nor  his  fucceilburs,  theyr  affignes, 
iervaunts,  nor  miniftres,  Ihall  execute  the  faid  prcfentments,  nor  levy  eny  amercia- 
ment nor  fine  of  the  faid  Thomas  lorde  Dacre,  his  heires,  nor  non  oi  his  tenaunts 
refyeng  upon  his  grownd  in  Whaplode  not  holdyng  of  thabbot  nor  his  fuccellours, 
for  the  faide  caufe. 

*  Tlic  words  in  lioolss  are  referred  .to  in  the  oiiginal  at  tlie  bottom  of  fol.  22-.  as  an  ouiilllon  of  rluee  Imcs 
ibove  :   but  It  is  not  e;ify  to  fee  tbtii  connetiion. 

/:   4  And- 


42       .        APPENDIX        TO        THE 

And  whereas,  the  fald  parties  were  In  variauncc  as  for  the  dryfTt  within  the  ma- 
rife  and  comcn  of  the  faide  townes  of  Whaplode  and  Holbech,  I  deeme,  awarde, 
and  decree,  that  the  faid  Thomas  lord  Dacre  and  his  heires,  and  the  faid  abbot 
and  his  fucceffoures,  fliall  talce,  occnpie,  and  ufe  theyr  faid  dryffts  within  the  faid 
marilh  of  Whaplode  and  Holbech,  at  fuch  tvme  as  them  likes;  eche'of  them  by 
fuch  waves  with\'n  his  own  town,  and  in  fuch  forme  as  it  hath  bien  iifid  of  okle 
tymc,  with  all  man^r  of  profvts,  of  wayves,  and  (Irayes,  and  other  liberties  pcr- 
tevnvng  to  the  faid  dryfis.  Providid  allway,  that  the  faid  Thomas  lorde  Dacre  hvs 
heires,  nor  his  allVgnes,  (hall  at  no  t)  me  of  their  dryfts  make  theyr  commen  wax  c 
thurgh  the  faid  town  of  Whaplode,  nor  non  waye  therof  to  the  raaner  of  Hol- 
bech, but  allonii  thurgh  Holbech  droue,  and  bv  other  wayes  of  the  feide  Hol- 
bech, as  it  hath  bien  uhd  of  okle  tyme,  but  in  cas  that  the  feid  olde  wayes  may 
not  be  ufid  in  forme  as  thei  have  ben  beforn  tyme,  becaufe  of  furundyng  of  waters, 
than  the  feid  lorde  Dacre,  bevng  for  the  tyme,  dial!  be  his  officers  gyve  warnyiig 
to  the  faid  abbot,  or  to  his  officers,  by  refonable  tyme  beforn  he  eutre  with  eny 
fuch  drvffies  the  town  of  Whaplode,  or  the  highwayes  theroff,  to  the  entent  that 
the  inhabitantz  thereof  may  remeve  and  avoyd  thevr  cattell  owte  of  the  ftretes  and 
highwavc  there  pafturing  for  the  tvme,  that  thev  be  not  chafid  nor  dryvcn  forth  to 
their  hurte  with  his  faide  dryffis  fo  to  be  made  fliall  mowe  com  thurgh  the  faid  town 
of  Whaplode  with  his  dryfft,  nought  cleymyng  thereby  eny  title  of  ryght  agaxn  or 
contrarie  to  this  my  prefent  award. 

And  wher  the  faid  parties  were  in  variaunce  as  for  takyng  of  toll  of  the  people 
and  perfones  comyng  to  the  feyre  or  market  within  the  town  of  Whaplode,  I  decre 
award,  and  deme,  that  the  faide  Thomas  lord  Dacre,  his  heires,  nor  noon  of  his 
officers,  fhal  in  no  wyfe  take  toll  of  eny  perfon  or  perfons  comyng  to  the  feyr  or 
market  of  the  feid  abbot  in  the  faid  town  of  Whaplode. 

Alfo  I  deeme,  award,  and  decree,  that  ether  partie  abovefaid,  that  the  faid  Tho- 
mas lord  Dacre  for  him  and  his  heires,  the  abbot,  for  him  and  his  fucceflburs, 
fliall  make  as  fuyr  to  the  tother  partie  all  theis  articles  to  hym  by  me  thus  demed, 
awardede,  and  decreede,  as  I  be  advvce  and  counfell  of  lernyd  men  lawfullv  fliall 
con-devvfe,  whan  and  at  what  tyme  ether  partie  requirith  it  of  other,  at  the  colics 
and  expenfes  of  the  parties  fo  I'equiryng  and  defyryng.  And  that  all  accions,  futes, 
and  plees  takxn,  movid,  and  hangvng  be  ether  partie  in  eny  courte  ageyn  other, 
be  occafion  or  caufe  of  theis  premiffes  and  matiers  above  reherfid,  Ihall  utterly 
cefle  be  it  be  difcontinuaunce  or  other  wayes  lawfull.  In  witneffe  wherof  to  this 
my  prefent  awarde,  ordinaunce,  jugement,  and  decree  tripartite,  on  parte  indented 
remaynyng  to  the  faid  Thomas  lord  Dacre  and  his  heires  ;  and  to  an  other  parte  re- 
maynyng  aneinfte  the  abbot  and  his  fucceffours;  and  to  the  thyrde  parte  remayn- 
yng in  the  regillrie  of  the  byflioprick  of  Lincoln,  I  have  fette  to  my  feale. 


N«»XXVI. 


HISTORY    OF    C  Pi  DYLAN  D.  45 


N°  XXVI. 


Chart  a  Heririci  VI. 

HENRICUS  Dei  gratia  rex  Angliaj  &  Francise,  &  domlnus  Hiberni*,  om- 
nibus ad  quos  prjtfemes  literae   pervcneiint,  falutem.     Sdatis  nos  ex  mero 
niotu  &  certa  fcientia  noftris,  ac  ob  reverentiam  beatse   &  gloriofe  virgiuis  Mariae 
matris  Dei,  fanfti  Bartholomei,  &  beati  Giithlaci,  in  cujus  honorem  monaderiuin 
tie  Croylandia  fundatnr,  conceffifTe  johanni  Lytlyngton  abbati  monafterii  prscdidti, 
&  monachis  ejufdem  loci,  &  fucceflbribus  fuis,  quod  ipfi  in  perpetuum  habeant  om- 
nes  fines  pro  tranfgreffionibus,  offeufis,  mifprifonibus,  negligentiia,  ignorantiis,  fal- 
fitatibus,  contemtibus,  deceptionibus,  concelamentis,  &  aliis  deliftis  quibufcunque, 
ac  omnia  amerciamenta,  redemtiones,  cxitus,  &  pcenas,  forisfaft'  &  forisfiend',  de 
feipfis,  &  omnibus  hominibus,  tenentibus,  &  refidentibus  quibufcunque  in  villa  de 
Croylandia  in  comltatu  Lincolnirr,  in  quibufcunque  curiis  noltris  &c  lisredum  nof- 
trorum,  feipfos,  homines,  tenentes,  &  refidentes  hujufmodi,  tarn  coram  nobis  3c 
h^eredibus  noftris,  ac  coram  baronibus  noftris  &  hsredum  noftrorum  de   Scaccario, 
Sc  coram  juftitiariis  noftris  &  ha?redum  noftrorum  de  Banco,  ac  coram  fenefchallo, 
laarefcallo,  ac  clerico  mercati  hofpitii  noflri  &  hseredum  noflrorum  -,  necnon  co» 
ram  juftitiariis  ad  affiffas  in  comitatu  pnedidto feu  capiend'  affign'  ac  jufti- 
tiariis itinerantibus  ad  placita  coronse,  communia  placita,  &placitaforefta?,juftitiariii 
ad  gaolas   deliberandas  aflignandis,  juftitiariis   ad  felonias,  tranfgreffioncs,  ac  alia 
malefafta  audienda,  daerminanda,  aflignanda,  &  aliis  juftitiariis  &  miniftris  noftris 
&  hajredum  noftrorum  quibufcunque,  fines  facere    &  amerciari,  exitus,  &  pocnas 
forisfacere  contingent.     Et  quod   idem  abbas  &  monachi  &  fuccefl'ores  lui  per  fc 
vel  ballivos  feu  miniftros  fuos,  fines,  amerciamenta,  redemtiones,  exitus,  &  pcenas 
hujufmodi,  fui  ipforum,  hominum  tenentium,  &  refidentium,  levare,  percipere,  8e 
habere  poffint,  fine  occafjone  vel  impedimento  noftri  vel  hseredum  noftrorum,  adeo 
libere  &  integrc  ficut  ea  nos  levare,  percipere,  &  habere  deberemus,  fi  prsfato  ab- 
bati &  monachis  &  fuccefToribus  fuis  ilia  non  conceflimiis.      Et  infupcr  conceffimus 
prafato  abbati  &  monachis  &  fuccefToribus  fuis  quod  ipfi  in  perpetuum  babcant  re- 
lurnum  brevium,    prxceptorum,  mandatorura,  billarum  noftrarum  quaruncunquc, 
&  executiones  carundem   per   eorum  ballivum    proprium,  infra  villam  prxdiiT^am, 
licet  tangant  nos  vel  hseredes  noftros,  vel  prcediclum  abbatcm  &  monachos  vel  co- 
rum  fuccefl'o  res ;  Ita  quod  nuUus  vicecomes,  efchaetor,  coronator,  feodarius,  balli- 
vus,  aut  aliquis  alius  officiarius,  feu  miniftri  noftii,  vel  hseredum  noftrorum,  de  hu- 
jufmodi  returno   brevium,  fine   executione,  ullo   mcdo   fe    intromittat,  feu    dif'am 
villam  ea  occafione  quovis  modo  ingrediatur,  fub  gravi  forisfa^ura  noftra.      Tefte, 

/  N«  XXVII. 


44  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

N°  XXVII. 

Charta  Algari  miUiis  de  manerio  de  Bajlon, 

Ex  coU.  MS.  penes  Joh.  Oldfield*  dc  Spalding,  in  co.  Line.  arm. 

Mon.   Ang.   II.    853. 

CHRISTIANIS  univerfis  per  tota  Mercia  commorantibus  Algarus  miles  filius 
Vorthangije  falutem.  Intelligere  volo  vos  omnes  qd  ego  donavi  Deo,  S. 
Guthlaco,  h  fpeciali  patri  meo  Sywardo  abbati  Croylandiffi,  &  omnibus  ibidem 
abbacibus  pofl;  ipfum,  &  eor'  monachis,  manerium  meum  de  Bafton,  cum  iv  caru- 
catis  terrtc  arabilis,  continentes  in  longitudine  viii  quarentenas  &  vui  quarentenas 
in  latitiidine,  &  xlv  acras  prati,  &  marifcura  continentes  in  longitudine  xvi  qua- 
rentenas &  VIII  quarentenas  in  latitudine,  &  ecclefiam  ejufdem  villse,  &  unum  nio' 
lendinum  &  dimidium  alterius  molendini,  &  coram  pifcariam  meam  in  aqua  pr^dic'la 
molendino  verfus  occidentem  nsq  ad  fincm  marifci  ejufdem  villas  verfus  orientem. 
Hajc  mea  donaria  dedi  prsefato  abbati  Siwardo  &  monachis  ibidem  Deo  ferviencibuj 
in  perpetiiam  eleemofinam  in  perpctuum,  ad  fuftentationcm  fui  monaftefii,  quia  h- 
cut  fepe  didici  ini'ula  fua  nuUius  e(l  ferax  tritici.  Hoc  praefens  cyrographum  meum 
apud  Legeceftriam  in  prafentia  Domini  mei  Withlaphii  regis  Mercioru,  anno  in- 
carnationis  Dominicse  dccxxv  figno  crucis  ftabiliter  confirniavi.  yj<  Es^o  Ofmnn- 
dus  London'  epifcopus  confenfi.  ^  Ego  Olbertus  abbas  Ripadii  interfui.  ►J'  I^go- 
Aihelinus  dux  audivi.     >^  Ego  Svvithunus  prefbyter  prcefcns  fui. 

*  "1647,  J 7  May,  Rer.ilvfd,  that  t!ii;  hovife  do  accept  of  tlie  fiim  of  i^'.)o!.  of  John  OiilfieU, . 
cf  Spalding  in  tlie  county  of  Lincoln,  efcjiHrr^  for  his  delirK|uency.  His  offence,  Tliaihrwas  in  aims 
sgairfl  ihe  parliament.  He  renders  upon  the  articles  of  Newark.  His  eftatc,  in  tee,  ])er  annum,  ?5  1. 
i6s,  ;  in  reverfion,  pa- annum,  Sol.  ;  tor  two  lives  per  annum,  3I. ;  for  one  lite  9!.;  for  21  years 
]>er  annum,  65I.  ;  tor  twelve  years  to  come  61. ;  for  four  years  10  come  62I. ;  for  15  years  lol ;  fur  r.ine 
years  jc!.;  for  15  years  10!.;  in  perfonal  cllatc  450'..  ;  in  debts  2;,ol.  7s.  He  o.ves  1236'.  Hislir.e,  at 
a  fixth,  is  1590I,  An  ordinance  uas  accordingly  pafled,  the  fame  day,  for  giaminga  par.lon  to  Mr.  Old- 
field,  and  dilcharging  his  cfta'e  from  ftqutlhation."  journals  of  the  Houfe  of  Coaimons,  vol.  V\  ]).• 
j86.  . 

Tne  nvanfion  houfe  of  this  family  at  Spalding,  on  the  iveft  fide  of  the  river,  is  now   converted  into  a- 
wotkhoufe.     A  geld  l.gnet  ring  of  Mr.  Anthony  Oidiield,   an  einini,-nt  la.vyer  in  the  leign  of  Elizabeth, 
and   founder  ot   the  baronet's  laiuily,  w;is  fouiid  in  a  iield  ia  Sp.aldin;^,    17^3.     His  iaitia!s.A.  O.  in  a. 
crols  of  wreath  work. 

A  pifture  of  lady  Oldfield,  widow  of  Sir  A.nthoiiy  Oldfield,  fo;-'e  time  of  Sp.dding,  Bt.  and  daughter 
of  Sir  Edwaid  Grefham,  ot  Surtey,  in  oil  colours,  iet  in  filver,  gilt  oval  tranie  ur.deV  a  chr)  llal,  uas  in 
the  hands  ot  Mr.  Johnfon.  Her  monument  is  in  the  chancel  of  Spalding  church,  whcichcr  urms  flioukl 
be  A.  a  chevion,  iirni.  between  ihice  cf:oiIes,  S. 

N"   XXVIIL 


HISTORY    OF    CROYLAND.  45 


N^  XXVIII. 

Cbarta  Fregifti  de  manerio  de  Langtoft  CroUandenJi   mona/lerio 

concejfa. 

Ex  ilfd.  coll.   MS. 

CUNCTIS  Chrifticolis  regni  Mercior'  Fregiflus  miles  in  Domino  falutem.  Scl- 
anc  tam  praefentes  qua  pofteri,  quod  ego,  ad  S.  matris  ecclefiae  honorem  Sc  di- 
vini  ciiltus  exalrationc,  Dno  Deo  omnium  honor'  largitori  magnifico,  Sanc^o  Guth- 
laco  confefibri,  &  Siwardo  abbati  Croylandise  &  abbatibus  ejufd'  loci  pofl:  ipfura 
fuccedentibus  &  monachis  fuis,  totum  manerium  meum  &  villam  de  Langtoft  & 
in  campis  ejufd'  villae  vi  carucatas  terrae  arabilis  habentes  in  longitudine  xv  quaren- 
tenas  &  ix  quarentenas  in  latitudine,  &  centum  acras  prati,  &  fylvam  &  marifcuin 
duar'  leucar'  in  longitudine,  &  ecclefia  ejufd'  villse,  &  xi  acras  prati  de  eod'  feodo 
in  campo  de  Deping.  Hs;c  paucula  donaria  mea,  cum  omnibus  rebus  &  in  rebus 
fuis  eifdem  appendentibus,  libere  &  fponte  Deo  &  San£to  Guthiaco  &  monachis  in 
Croylandenfi  monafterio  Deo  famulantibus,  in  puram  &  perpetuam  eleemofynam 
libere  dedi,  pro  falute  animns  mete  &  omnium  progenitorum  meorum.  Iftud  me- 
um cyrographum  apud  Legeceftriam,  in  prfefcntia  domini  regis  Withlaphii  &  ali- 
or'  dominor'  in  fefto  Sancti  Jacobi  apoftoli  collecftorum  anno  dominica;  incarnationis 
Dcccxix.  >T<  Ego  Fregiftus  miles  flgno  f.  crucis  confirmavi.  ►J*  Ego  Withlaphi- 
us  rex  Mercior'  confenfi.  y^  Ego  Athelardus  archiepifcopus  Dorobernenfis  aflenfum 
dedi.  ►Ji  Ego  Egbaldus  Wintonienfis  epifcopus  I'ubfcripfi.  ►J*  Ego  Adulphu* 
Lichfeldenfis  epifcopus  coUaudavi.  ^  Ego  Turftanus  prc(bytcr  domini  mei  regit 
Withlaphius  hoc  cirographum  manu  mea  Icripfi. 


F  i.  N»  XXIX. 


4«  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

N''  XXIX. 

Confirmatio  H.  Regis  de  marifcis  ^  domibusy  edificiis  ^  pratis. 

From  Mr.  Cole's  Colleaions. 

HRex  Ang'  abbi  de  Cruland  Galfrido  fal'.  Precipio  tibi,  ut  jufle  in  pace  pcr- 
,  mittas  tenere  monach'  See  Marie  &  Sci  Nicholi  de  Spald',  confuet'  fua 
in  marifcis  &  in  domib'  f.  domos  &  marifc'  ficut  homines  probi  &  legitimi  antiq' 
divident  &  p  facrament'  probabunt,  qd  feet  Ranulf  Mefchin'';  &:  Godefr'  Ridel  & 
Alan*  de  Line'  Pigotus  faciant  imle  redlu  ne  ampl'  clamor'  audiam. 

Before  1174,  when  Godfrey  Ridel  was  bifliop  of  Ely,  and  between  1158  and. 
1141,  when  Godfrey  was  abbot.  R.  Mefcbincs,  earl  of  Chefter,,  died  1129,  aiuh 
his  fon  1 156.  , 

N°  XXX. 


Cojnpof  inf  prior*  ^  vicar'''  de  fluappelade  fup''  decimis  ds: 

man'o  de  Mult  on. 

From  Mr.  Cole's  Colledlions. 

Mem'  qd  cu  controverfia,  &c.  coram  Magro  A.  de  Swinefhead  Sic.  inter  P.  & 
C.  de  Spalding  &  diirn  Sim'  vie'  &c.  fup  minoribus  decimis  de  manerio  de  Multon; 
pvenientibus,  &c.  demum  memorato  offic'  &  dho  abbe  Groyland,    &  fre  Robo 
preceptore  militie  templi  de  La  Bruere,  dno  Jobe  de  Gretford  vicario   de  Multon,. 
M'''  R.  de  Trillawe,    J.  de  Barton,  Henr.  de  Edenham,  St  aliis   pfentibus,  refor- 
niata  fuit  pax  int'  ptes  pdcas,  in  craftino  Sci  Egidii   abbatis   A.  Diii    1260,  in  cat- 
pella  dni  prioris  fxlci  fub  hac  forma,   vidtt  qd  dcus   Simon  vicarius  recognovit  pof- 
feffionem  dcor'  relig'  in  dcis  decimis  juxta  formampetcois  eorumdem  possorio  judicio 
jntentato,  Sc  a  tempe  quo  ide  Simon  dcas  decimas  occupavit  dcis  dno  priori  &  conventui' 
plene  reftituit,   &   eifd'  decimis  eofd'  religiofos  ciroteca  fua  inveflivit,   ?.c  priftina: 
lua  possonem  plenaric  reddidit,  &  in  pecunia  niinita  incontincnter  faiisfecit  de  deci* 
mis  p  ipm  fubtraftis  &  occupatis,  emifla  tarn'  preftacoe  tali  fcik  falvo  jure   cede  lue 
de  ^ppelade.    Dat'  api  Spalding  pdco  craflino  Sci  Egidii,  anno  Domini  memorato. 

N  XXXI.. 


HISTORY    OF    CROYL  AND.  ^7 


N^  XXXI. 


Donum   'Domini  T'bome  de  Multon  de  Ecckjia  de  IVeJlon   tradiia 

Cultello  plicato. 

THOMAS  de  Multon  oiBs  hoi'Bs  fuis  Frcis  &  Anglis  Sc  oitis  eccte  catholice  fidcIiSs 
falute.  Nofcat  univfuas  vra  me  in  exequiis  patris  mei  apud  SpalJ'  carirulu 
Sci  Nicholi  ingrefsu,  coram  fratriBs  meis  &  mre  mea  &  foroiit'  &  amicis  meis  & 
hominu  mukitudine  tunc  ibidem  collocata,  ecctam  de  Weflon  cij  oitSs  ptinent'  liiis 
Deo  &  See  Marie  8c  Sco  Nictio  S;  monach  ibidem  Deo  rervientilis,  pro  anima  patris 
mei  &  pro  aiabs  predeceflbru  meor',  in  ppetua  elemofinam  dediffc,  &  Gaufrido  pri- 
ori Nigellum  pnominate  ecce  pfonam  p  manum  comendafTe.  Poltea  inde  egreffus  uc 
quod  iic  verbo  tuerat  fanciti^  ope  cunftis  pateret  ratificatu  eandcm  ecctam,  cu  deciniis  ac 
elcmofinis,  terris  h  oi'Bs  eide  ptinentibs,  fup  altare  Dei  &  See  Marie  S:  Sci  Nicbl 
cultello  meo  proprio  obtuli,  qui  fup  code  altar'  plicatus  in  fecretario  repofitus  eft 
in  hii)us  rci  teftimoniu  oblcrvand'.  Deinde  de  ecca  red! ens  &  in  capitulum  ireru  ve- 
nicns  fui  frater  &  pticeps  beneficioru  tocius  ecce.  Hiis  videntibs  &  audieatibs  ;, 
abbe  Everardo  de  Croiland,  Galtrido  priore,  Pucard'  Lumbard,  Sc  aliis.. 
Nicholas  was  prior  of  Spalding,  1189. 


N°  XXXII.  (p.  38.) 


Frocejfus  fadJus  in  curia  Regis  per  Robertum  de  Granceftr''  de' 
no , n'  per  partem  Baronie, 

T^^ranfcrlbed  by  Mr.  Cole  from  tlie  Abbey  Regifler. 

AD  pctitionem.  exhibitam  in  parliamenfo  refponsu  fuit  qd  fieret  tale  breve.  Rex 
thefaur'  &  bar'  oibus  fuis  de  fccio  fal'.     Ex  parte  dile£ti  nobis  in  Xto  Abbis- 
de  Croiland  nobis  eft  oftenfum  qd  licet  ipfe  tras  &  tenementa  aliqua  p  baronia  vel 
ptcm  baronia  non  tenet  p  qd  ipfe  ex  aliqua  caufa  tanq'  baro  amerciari  debeat  fee' 
legem  &  confuet'  regni  nri,  fed  juxta  quantitatem  deliifti  fui,  8c  hoc  p  facrum' 

^bo^ 


48  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

^borum  &  legal'  hoium  de  vifneto  fno,  prout  in  Magna  Carta  deliberts  Angl'  ple- 
nius  continetur,  Vic'  tamen  nr  Line'  a  pfato  abbate  quadraginta  marcas  ad  quas 
pro  in'jufta  detencoe  advocacois  ecctiede  Wyggetofr,  &  decern  marcas  ab  eod'  abbe 
pro  falfo  clamore  luo  ut  dicitur  fuit  voluntarie  amerciatus  g  fiim  fccii  pdci. 

The  court  direfted  the  iullices  of  the  Exchequer  to  certify  the  manner  and 
caufe  of  thefe  fines ;  and  a  writ  vvas  direfled  to  William  de  Berford,  who  returned 
extrafls  of  fines  with  the  abbot's  name  among  barons  liable  to  be  fined.  The  judges 
delayed  their  decifion  ;  and  the  fheriif  of  trouthampton,  beingordered  to  levy  lo  marcs 
on  the  abbot  for  a  falle  claim  on  lloger  and  Alice  Pedwardyn  touching  the  churcU 
of  Warneburn,  returned  that  the  abbot  had  r.o  effefls  in  his  bailliwic  ;  fo  the  llie- 
rifF  of  Lincolnfhire  was  ordered  to  levy  both  fines.  The  matter  was  Hill  left  un- 
decided, &  a  new  writ  iffued  to  fearch  the  records  14  E.  II.  whereby  it  was  found 
;that  abbot  Richard  having  been  amerced  before  John  de  Vaux,  judice  itinerant 
10  E.  I.  and  the  fine  levied  and  brought  into  the  Exchequer,  they  were  returned 
on  a  fuggelliion  that  his  predecellbrs  had  never  been  taxed  as  barons,  except  in  two 
inftances,  and  a  writ  of  error  was  granted. 

J4  E.  II.  Robert  de  Graunceftria  returned  into  the  Exchequer  the  following  writ : 

"  Rex  thef  &  baronib'  fuis  de  fac'  fal'.  Sciatis  qd  cu  abbas  de  Croyland,  qui 
baro  non  eft,  nee  tras  feu  teiita  aliqua  per  baronia  aut  ptem  baronie  non  tenet, 
lit  (licit  nup  in  curia  lira  cora  juftic'  nris  de  banco  ad  40  marcas,  &c.  minus  re£te 
tanq'  baro  extitit  ainciatus  pfequatur  cor'  nobis  in  fccio  p  breve  iivii  ad  ipum  unde 
exoiiand'  necnon  ad  ipum  fimiHter  exonerand'  de  xxxi  folid'  ad  quos  ?re  &  tnta 
apius  abbis  in  Staundon  *  juxta  Pokerick  p  princip' colledl' deciae  in  regno  liro  er- 
ronie  taxata  extiterunt  id'  abbas  atom'  cor'  hbis  in  loco  fuo  Robm  de  Grauncellr' 
ad  pfcquend'  dica  negcia  pro  ipfo  abbie  cor'  nob'  in  dco  fccio  &  ad  tuend'  vl  ad 
pdend'  in  eifd'.  Et  ideo  vobis  mandamus  qd  pfatii  Robm  loco  ipfius  abbis  ad  hoc 
recipiatis.     T.  meipfo  ap'  Folchara,  2  die  Feb'  a.  r.  14°." 

The  juftices  called  for  evidence  of  this,  and  a  jury  were  fumnioned,  who  not 
appearing  were  diftrained  upon.  An  inquifition  was  at  laft  taken,  on  which  a  qui- 
etus ilTued  15  E.  II.  Thus  ended  this  tedious  affair,  in  which  the  abbot  gained 
his  point  in  being  eafed  of  his  amercement  as  a  baron. 

*  Countefs  Sigburgh  gave  five  hides  of  land  in  5'/rt«,/<w,  in  Hertfjrdfliire,  to  the  abbey  of  Croyland. 
The  tin^e  ot  her  tJonatijn  I  Hnd  not;  but  it  is  mentioned  in  Witlat's  ch:irier  to  the  convent,  A.  D.  S33. 
(Ingulph.  8i;7,  B60,  864.  ed.  Francof.  i6ci.  fee  before  N"  IV.  p.  7.)  Beorred  king  of  Mercia  con- 
fifcated  all  the  revenues  of  this  abbev,  and  among  the  reft  the  iordfhip  of  Standon,  which  through  the 
favour  of  king  Edred  &  diligent  application  of  abbot  Turketn',  was  reftored  to  them  (Ing.  S68.  870.). 
About  the  year  1030  abbot  Krlthmere  built  a  ftately  houfe  at  StanJon  for  the  accommodation  of  himfelf 
•and  convent  in  their  way  to  London  (Ing.  894.  fee  before  p.  22.).  This  road  ftood  near  the  Ermine 
llreer,  whkh  was  the  road  to  London  in  thofe  days.  Weft  of  Standon,  on  Colney  Crowch  Way,  the 
load  from  thence  to  Ware,  vvas  remaining,  17:8,  a  piece  of  an  old  houfe  called  the  manor  houfe  of 
Standon,  which  would  make  it  difficult  to  know  whether  that  or  the  lordfliip  was  the  abbot's  houfe.  If 
we  look  at  the  more  f  litahle  fituatton  of  the  lordfliip  tor  the  grandeur  ot  the  abbot,  one  would  guefs  his 
tbuice,  if  he  mi^lit  have  it.     Salmon's  Hertford ihire,  p.  238. 


N°  *XXI. 


H  I  S  T  O  11  Y    O  F    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  4c, 


N^  *XXI.  (p.  59). 


Procejfus  faBiis  pro  babenda  alhcatione  fujteniacionis  monacho- 
rum  &'  clericorum  tempore  vacacionis  abbatie  de  Croilandy 
anno  re^  Edwardi  de  Karnarvo?i  xviir. 


'^A 


Tranfcribed  from  the  Reglfter  of  the  Abbey  by  Mr,  Cole. 

«  17'  DWARDUS,  he,  thef  &  baron'  fuls  de  fccio  fal'.    Ex  pte  dileoti  nob'  In 

J[j^  Xto  ab!5is  de  Croyland  nob'  ell;  oflens'  qd  cu  prior  &  conv'  ac  sviiores- 
c'lufd'  domus  finglis  vacacoiBs  a  tempe  quo  non  extat  meraoria  hue  ufq,  luRenta- 
co^ra  fiiam  de  cxitibus  domus  pdce  habere,  &  ceteri  ofBciarii  domus  puce  qualda 
decimationes,  penfioncs,  &  quofd'  redditus  &  alias  cetas  porciones  trar'  olHciis 
eleraofinar',  celerar',  camerar',  ac  aliis  officiis  ejufd'  domus  ab  antiqiio  allignat'  pro' 
veftimentis,  calciamentis,  lineis,  telis,  &  neceffariis  monacbis  &  etia  luminaribus 
in  eccbis  ejufd'  domus  inveniend'  tam  tempos  vacacionum  domus  illius  qua  quibs 
domus  pdcd  plena  fuit  plenaricpclpere  confueverunt ;  Efcaetoris  nrl  in  com'  Line',, 
North',  Cantebrigg',  &  Leyceft',  pfatis  priori  &  convrui  ac  svitorib'  fuilentacde 
fuajn  de  exiiibs  domus  pde  tempe  ultime  vacacois  libare  recufarunt,  Sc  decimas,  pen- 
fiones,  &c.  noie  iiro  pcepunt,  &  fe  inde  erga  nos  in  fccio  p  ico  onerarunt  in  ecciia 
ipius  abbie  exhedaconis  periculum  manifedum  ;  liip  quod  nob' fupplicaverunt  p  uos 
de  remedio  pridem.     Nos,  &c." 

Order  to  iearch  the  rolls  to  fee  what  was  ufual  in  vacancies  of  this  and  other  hoiifes 
*'  de  patronatij  nro."  a.  r.  19. 

The  barons  of  the  Exchequer  found  no  mention  of  the  maintenance  of  the 
monks  on  two  former  vacancies;  and  to  a  fecond  writ  for  the  fame  purpofe,  return  as 
before:  whereupon  a  petition  was  prefented  to  parliament  to  defire  a  farther  fcarch, 
when  it  was  found  that  fome  abbies  had  a  fpecific  fum  allowed,  and  others  nothing 
at  all.  2  E.  III.  the  accounts  of  Matthew  Brown,  efcheator  for  the  counties  of 
Lincoln,  Northumberland,  and  Rutland,  being  examined  touching  the  outgoings 
of  the  manors  and  tenements  parcel  of  the  temporalities  of  ihis  abbey  from  Sept.  16, 
18  E  II.  when  he  took  them  on  account  cf  vacancy  to  Nov.  30  following,  be- 
fore he  delivered  them  to  Henry  Cafevvyk,  elected  abbo', amounted  to  79  1.  3  s.  'j^.- 
The  king  direfled  inquifition  to  be  made  on  oath  into  the  number  of  perlons  be- 
longing to  the  convent,  and  the  wages  paid  thcra  by  the  efcheator  in  his  prefencc,. 
if  he  chofe  it,  and  to  be  returned  to  York.. 

INQ^UISITIO  capta  ajnid  Staunford,  die  Sabbati,  19  Mar.  a.  r.  r.  E.  III.  port:' 
Conq'  .'ecundo  Cor'  Witto  de  Brokelouiby,  rememoratore  de  Sc"  affign'  per  lit' 
pat'  ejufd'  Sccii  ad  inquirend'  quot  monachi,  corrod',  fervitorcs,  officiarii  &  mi- 
niftri  extiterunt  in  abbia  de  Croyl'  int''i6  diem  Sept'  a.  r.  dni  E.  nup  regis  Angl' 
pri$  reg'  nunc,  18^  8;  30  die  Nov'  ^x'  fcq'  per  qd  tcmpus  dca  abbatia  vacavit  &;■ 

fuic 


50  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

fait  in  cuftodia  Matfti  Broun,  nup  efc'  dci   re^is  E.  pris  in  comit*  Line'  North'  & 


o  '  '  ^ — 

Afcwyk  de  Quippehid,   Rogi  Milys,    Nichi  Senian   de   Wcfton,    RatJi  Weft  dc 

Gretford,  Galr  Bernard  de  ead',  Rob'  de  A(lou  de  ead*,  Hogi  le  Ciierk  de  Depyng, 
Thoni'  Harcl  de  ead',  Johis  fil'  Thom'  de  Bergb,  Rob'  de  Norihgate  de  ead*, 
Simon  fitz  Wilti  de  Offington,  Uob'  de  Pontcfiafto  de  Wylfthorp,  Joliis  de  Rrune 
de  ead',  Rad'  Parlour  de  Carieby,  &  Johis  Cole  de  ead',  in  prelemia  dci  Mathci 
pinuniti  ad  audiend'  inq'  pdcam.  Qiii  dicunt  qd  fuerunt  in  abBia  prad'  con- 
tinue morantes  inter  pdcas  \6  diem  Sept'  &  30  diem  Nov'  Quadraginta  &  unus 
monachi,  viz.  Ilenr'  de  Cafewyk  tunc  prior  ejufd'  domu?,  Simon  de  Luffenham, 
Rob'  dc  Trekampton,  Rol;*  de  Littieport,  Wilts  de  Suterton,  Rad*  de  Frefton, 
Tho'  Broun,  Wilt<5  de  Lcyceftr',  Gulf  Spnrauk,  Walt'  de  Eynfham,  Hugo  de 
Inlingburgh,  Johes  de  Hatfcld,  Simo  de  Barton,  Wilts  de  Bury,  Thorn'  de  Burgh 


de  Leveryngton,  Alanus  de  S.  Botoipho,  Rad  de  Hale,  Rob'  de  Luftenham, 
Tho'  de  Spalding,  Adam  de  Burton,  Simon  de  Wittleflieye,  Johes  de  Frefion, 
Witts  de  Lcverington,  &  Ric'  de  Croiland,  profcffi  :  Baldevvynus  de  Veer, 
Ricus  de  Gosberkyrk,  h  Walterus  de  Brampton,  novicii  non  profeffi :  Et  dicunt 
qd  fuerunt  in  ead'  abbathia  per  totum  tempus  pdcum  Corrodarii  fubfcripti ;  viz. 
Rob'  de  Burgh,  Witts  de  Frelton,  Rob'  de  Frefton,  Tho'  de  Huntingdon,  Barth' 
dc  Qiiappelad,  capellani:  Witts  de  Luffenham,  Witts  Bartelmeu,  magr  Will' de 
Wermington,  Jtatics  atre  Kirk,  Johes  Cocus,  Steph'  Sampfone,  Jolies  Othunt,  Johes 
de  Q^uappelad,  Simon  Hot,  &  Tho'  de  Pikwell,  quor'  quilibet  percepit  per  fcrip- 
tum  fub  ligillo  ejufd'  domus  ad  term'  vite  fue  per  diem  corrodium  monachale,  viz. 
unum  panem  &c  unam  lagenam  &  dimid'  cervifie  conventualis,  &  duo  fercula  de  co- 
quina  ante  tempus  dee  vacacois.  Et  qd  fuerunt  in  ead'  domo  per  totum  id  tempus 
Tho'  de  Hakebech  cap'  corrodium  fervient'  per  fcriptum  ejufd"  dom'  ad  term'  vite 
ips  Thome,  &  triginta  fex  lervitores  &  minillri  •,  viz.  The'  Powe  min'  in  ecctia,  Johes 
de  Bardeneye  &  Tho.  Qiiappelade  cuflodes  monach'  infirm'  in  infirmaria  &  mini- 
ftrantes  iifdem  8c  aliis  monachis  ibidem;  Ric'  de  Multon  miniftrans  monachis  in 
refe£>orio  ;  Hen.  Bouthe  miniflrans  in  hoftilario. 

Wilts  de  Caverfliam  in  cm  aula  abbathie  pdce. 

IMagr  Evcrardus  &  Rob.  Ruffel  coci  in  coT  coqina  coYcnt'  &  tocius  abbathie* 

Rob'  Swyn  coquus  in  coquina  intirm'. 

Reginald  Wyatt  emptor  carnium,  pifciu,  &  alior'  vi(ftualiu  ejufd'  abbathie. 

Simon  Swyn  &  Nichus  Grout  fervitores  covent'  8c  tot'  abbathie  in  celav' 

Simon  Godhous,  Adam  de  Fredon,  piftores. 

Ric'  Home  8c  Ricus  Maggefone,  braciatores. 

i'.ad'  Calf  8c  Johes  Covers  miniftri  in  domo  thoral'  &  braf  faclend'. 

Witts  Pepiis,  granator. 

Ni- 


HISTORY    OF    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  51 

Nigellus  Milner  &c  Wilis  Molle,  molcndinar',  pro  uno  molendiiio  equiuo  &  uno 
niol'  ventritico  ibid'. 

Mich'  Port,  janitor. 

Petr'  de  Pikvvell,  futor. 

Ilenr'  Sonne,  ciflbr,  pro  vcftib'  monach'  confuend'  &  cmfind'. 

Simon  de  Thorneye,   lotor  pannor'  conventus. 

Rob'  de  Caverfham   ferviens  in  demofinar',  pro  elemoruia  colllgend'  &  diftr-i- 
buend'. 

Rob'  de  Keten,  carpentarius. 

Simon  de  Elmington,  cementar'. 

Rob'  de  Taterfale,  plumbar'. 

I.aur'  de  Spalding,  tcftor  domor*,  proccctla,  clauQro  &  aliis  domibus  ejufd'  abbic 
emendand'  per  loca,  &  quocies  emendacione  indigebant. 

Gilb'  le  Smith,  pro  operib'  ferri  ibid'  faciend'. 

Rad'  de  Penreth,  Petr'  Page,  Rob'  Baroun,  Sc  Ric'  del  Shippcne,  garconcs  in 
ftabulo,  pro  ofto  palefrid',  fomar',  &< aliis  equis  ibid'  exfllentibus  cuftodiend'. 

Rad'  de  Manthorp,  carraftar',  pro  bladis  &  aliis  neceffariis  pro  abt5ia  &  moran- 
tibus  ibid'  carriand'. 
Et  dicunt  qd  Miths  pdcus  folvit  Henrico  nunc  abb*  dee  domus  pro  vad'  diurnis 
dcum  priore,  monachos,  corrodar'  &  fcrvitor'  pdcum  tempus  contingentibus,  viz. 
jP  ipfo  priore  fex  denar',  ^  fingulis  monachis  pdcor'  ^feffor'  &  corrodar'  cap' 
corrod'  monachal'  3**.  &  pro  pdco  Tho'  de  Hakebech  &  quolibet  fervitorum  pdcor' 
&  miniftror'  2^.  5  diem.  Et  qd  nulli  alii  aliquid  folvit  ^  iifdem  vad'.  Dicunt  infuper 
qd  oes  pdci  fervitores  &  miniftri  fuerunt  neceflarii  ibid'  p  totum  tempus  pdcum. 
Et  qd  preter  illos  fervitores  fuerunt  ibidem  p  id'  tempus  Rog'  de  Bafton  maref- 
challus,  Tho'  Spygurnel  vigil  ejufd'  abt5ie,  &  Rob*  de  Sutton  forcltar'  &  cuflos  bofcor' 
infra  precimSum  dee  abtie  ferrientes  neceffarii  ^p  quibus  feu  cciam  ^  pdcis  mona- 
chis non  ^feffis  id'  Mathus  nichil  folvit  hucufq'.  In  cujus  rei  teftimoniiim  dci  ju- 
rat' figilla  fua  appofuerunt.     Dat'  die  8c  loco  fupradi6>is. 

The  number  of  monks  in  the  original  is  only  40,  though  faid  to  be  41. 

Et  eft  fuiria  vadior'  pdcor'  prior'  Sc  37  monach'  15  corrodar'  37  fervientium  g 
74  dies,  72  1.  15  s.  2  h. 

The  king  iffued  a  writ  to  the  Exchequer  to  make  further  Inquiry,  and  to  order 
the  efcheator  to  pay  as  above. 

In  magno  rot'  fecundo  de  fccio  a.  r.  r,  E.  III.  fecundo  in  com'  Lincoln. 

AUocacoiBs  fuper  pmemorat*  de  fuftentacoe  monachor',  &c.  Vacacio  abb'e 
Croyland  p  ceffionem  Simonis  abbis  ejufd'  loci  Talet  -dno  regi  de  claro  j\f;V  t.  vi  g. 
ob*.     Hoc  eft  per  bSam  viiit.  xvii  s.  qd. 

The  fix  greater  ofBcers  in  the  monaftery  of  Croyland  (and  perhaps  in  moft 
others)  were 

1.  Magifter  operis:  the  clerk  of  the  Works. 

2.  Eleemofynarius :         the  almoner. 

G  3.  Pitan 


5-2  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

3.  Pltauclarius  :  who  had  the  care  of  the  pittances,  allowances  on  parti- 

cular occafions  over  and  above  the  coaimon  provi- 
iion?,  and  anUvering  to  eaceedings  in  our  colleges  at 
prefeut. 

4.  Sacrifta  :  the  fcxton. 

5.  Camernriiis :  the  chamberlain. 

6.  Celerarius :  the  cellarer,  who  provided  all  forts  of  proTifions;  as  wall 

meat,  as  drink,  firing,  8sc. 

Befides  thefe  there  were, 

Thefaurarius :.  the  burfar;- 

Precentor :  the  chaunter.- 

Hoftilariiis  or  Hofpitala-  who  entertained  the  ftrangers. 
lius : 

Infirmarius :  who  had  charge  of  the  infirmary  and  the  fick. 

Rcfeiftionarius :  who  looked  after  the  hall  and  all  the  abbey  plate,  ex- 

cept that  in  the  church. 

Coquinarius,  or  pra^fec-  the  kychynner :  qusre,  mafter  cook.     The  records  of 
us  coquincB  *  :  Evelham  prove  that  he  was  market-man  for  the  con- 

Tent,  and  had  perhaps  the  whole  government  of  the 
kitchen  -f-. 

Gardinarius :  the  gardener. 

Portarius  :  above  the  raeer  janitor;  for  in  Mon.  Angl.  I.  93a.  We 

find  three  of  thefe  officers  made  abbots. 

Granetarius:  who  had  the  care  of  the  corn  %. 

The  following  lift  of  officers  and  fervants  belonging  to  the  great  abbey  of  St.  Ed- 
mund's Bury,  may  not  be  deemed  an  improper  fupplement  to  this  : 

Armiger  Cellerarii.  Cambiator  •. 

Affafjatores*,  2.  Camerarii  2. 

Auriga.  Carpentarius. 

Aurifrixa''.  Carredtarii  7,^. 

Bercarius  *.  Cementarius  s. 

Braciator''.  Claviger  aulas. 

Bedellus.  grangii. 

BcJemanni  12. vinea:. 

*  Du  Cange. 

■)■  Green's  VVorcefter,  p.  45.     In  the  «bbejr  church  at  St.  Albans  is  a  brafs  for  Robert  Beaver,  who, 
•dioni;  other  officers,  held  that  of  Co^uarius,  which  Du  Cange  fays  \v«5  the  fame  with  Coquius. 
i  Du  Cange. 

'  This  word  is  not  in  the  GlofTaries. 

''  The  embroiderer  in  gilt  and  filver  thread.     This  is  not  in  the  GioiTariei. 
'■  The  (hcpherJ.     A  coiuradion  from  Berhicarius.     Du  Cange. 
^  or  Bra/iator,  the  brewer;   from  Bract,   Malt.    lb. 

•  This  office,  which  feems  to  have  related  to  the  exchange  of  money,  jinot  defined  in  the  Gloffaries. 
,     •  Carters.  1  The  mafon. 

Cle- 


HISTORY    OF    CROYLAND. 


53 


Clericus  cclerarii. 
Garcicnes  celerarii. 
J;initor  celerarii. 
Coci  5. 
Cocus  in  antjulo. 

infirm:iri£e. 

Crefletarius  capellas\ 
Cunditor  '. 
Cuftodes  2. 

— campi  4. 

Cuftos  llgnorum. 

domorum  abbatis. 

oftii  viridis. 

parlorii. 

— — —  oftii  coquinas. 

aquarum  tioinini  abbatis. 

—  cunel  ^. 

Difcarii  K 

Emptores  2. 

Emptor  cafei. 

Grangiariiis. 

Heyvvardus  ""-. 

Hortolani  2. 

Hoflilarius  exterior. 

Janitor  ports  magn:e  in  curia  8c  etiam 

Aleclenegnte. 
Lotor  refeftorii. 


Lurardus". 

Magi  Her  porcarius  *. 

cercorum. 

■ fer\iens. 

2  fervientcs  S,  E. 

Meffor. 

Minutor  ^ 

Molendinariiis. 

Monetarius  ^. 

Nonna»  xii'. 

Panetari'js  ^ 

Pinccrna:  2. 

Pifcator. 

Piftores  3. 

Plumbarius. 

'Porcarius. 

Portitor  lignorum. 

Portitores  2. 

Procpofitus. 

Senefcallus  auls:. 

Ser.viens  infirmariae. 

monach.  extraneor'. 


pittanciarii. 


dc 


■Servientes  7  de  fartina '■;  viz.  futor,  pclliw 
pariarius",  fcilTores  2  pannorum  nigro- 
rum,  lotor,  balaeatores  2. 

Stabiilaiius'. 


''  This  officer  is  not  in  the  Gloflaiies :  but  in  Davis's  Rites  of  Duiham,  II.  p.  134.   it   is   raid,  "  At 

'  "  "       ■  ■  '       ~  oht 


■  1  Ills  omct^r  IS  not  in  tne  vjjoiiaiics :  out  in  uavis  s  twites  or  uuiiiam,  Ji.  p.  13-}.  u  13  laic,  ••  n.i 
"  each  end  of  the  Dortar  [Donnitory]  was  a  four-fquaie  ll>  ne.  wherein  was  a  dozen  ot  crrffe't,  wrought 
"  in  either  llone,  being  always  filled  and  I'upplied  hy  the  cooks  as  ihey  needed  to  afford  light  to  ihe  monks 
<' ■infl  novices  at  arifins;  to  their  niattius  at  midnight,  and  tor  their  other  neceflary  ufes."  And  p.  36. 
ere  uas  ftandlng  in  the  frjuare  pillar  rf  tlie  qeire  door  of  the  lantern  in  a  corner  ot  the  faid  ]iillar 
lur-iqua^e  (lone,   which  hath  been  finely  wrovight  in  every  fquare  a  -fair  laric  imac;e,  wheieon   did 


'd  viith 


••  itana  a  toi.ir-i(]iiare  itone  ao,  ut  it,  wiiun  iiaa  twelve  arj/ets  wrougnt  in  tne  itone,  wnicn  were  iiiiet;  viun 
"  tallow,  and  every  night  one  of  them  was  lighted  when  the  dav  wms  gone,  and  did  bu^n  to  give 
"  lij,ht  to  the  monks  at  midilight,  when  they  cair.e  to  mattins."  The  crejjeiarnti  theielore  wai  tl'.e  ciS- 
cer  who  had  charge  df  thcfe  c^rjpts,  and  ihis  officer  might  take  charge  ot  them. 

'  Cuhtlui  or  cunHus  is  an  old  word  for  a  cup.    Du  Cange,  in  voce.    Or  it  may  be  the  fame  witli  ComlUor, 
the  maker  ot  the  cvidilmn,   a  particular  fort  ot  wine  or  lauce. 

*'  The  keeper  ot  the  mint.  '  Qiia;re.  The  makers  or  wafners  of  thedifiies. 

"'  This  officer's  buflnefs  was  to  take  care  of  the  hay  and  grafs  belonging  to  the  convent,  and  to  art  as 
a  fort  of  bailiif  over  their  farms.    Such  a  perlbn  IfiU  lupei intends  commons  tor  paiiiire  and  grals  grounds. 

"  Nut  in  the  Glodavies.  "  The  I'.vineherd,  or  [^eihaps  the  principal  fwincherd. 

f  The  hlaJtr.     See  bef  ,re,  p.  70.  "^  The  mailer  ot  the  mint. 

"■  Twelve /M/(7rj  of  the  convtnt.     See  Du  Canine,  in  voce.  '  The  mafier  baker.     lb. 

'  Seirtitia  or j'ariiii.'n  was  the  wi  rkll.op  tor  making  and  mending  their  apparel  or  vari'.us  kinds. 

-'  The  perfoii  who  tound  or  drclled  the  ikin?. 

*  At  S^'Hldir^  he  was  called  StallariuS)  ap.d  the  grooms  under  lum  Pii'vinJariU 

G  2  Ste- 


54  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

Stegrararii  vigil  y.  Vaccarius. 

Subcoci  5.  Veftiarius^  &  2  ferTientes  ejufdem. 

Subminilh-i  in  refeflorio.  Wannator^* 

TalTatores  2  ^. 

Of  thefe  the  following  were  in  the  gift  of  the  abbot, 
Nomina  officiarioruiii  fpeflantium  ad  collationem  abbatis  in  abbatia  St.  Edmuudi. 

l)tIOemptores.T  Ida  quatuor  appropriavit  abbas  John  de   Brinkele  convcntui,   cujus  amitam  paradifue 

Dnopincerntr.  I     pciM"'-    Amen. 

Panetarius. 

Janitor. 

Senefchallus  aiil^e. 

Armiger  celerarii. 

I'orcanuS.     Hoc  oflkium  Ric.  abbas  per  cartam  dedit  convcntui. 

Qiunque  COCi.     Unus  de  cocis  fuit  appropiiatur  souvcntui  temp,  domini  abbatis  Will.  Jan.  i8,  1330. 

Scrviens  infirmarix,  i.  e.  claviger. 
Cuftos  parlorii. 

aquarum. 

domorum  abbatis. 

Pifcator. 
Molendinarius. 

CarreclariviS.      Iftud  officium  fuit  approprlatum  conventui  t.  Will,  abbatii. 

Grangiaror. 

Janitor  ad  portam  celerarii  fervicns  monachorum,  i.  e.  in  nigra  hoflilaria.. 

Scabularius. 

Seiviens  pitanciarii. 

— ^ itinerarius  vel  bedellus. 

in  eleeraofynario. 

"-***  Medarius,  mentioned  in  Johannes  Glaflon.  p.  42.  Stevens  Supt.  II.  446c 
Hutchins's  Dorfet,  might  be  the  butler,  from  medtim,  mead. 

Upon  the  death  of  Henry  Cafewike,  abbot  1358,  the  abbacy  was  vacant  fome 
time  :  for  the  king  (33  E.  III.  1359)  remitted  to  the  prior  and  convent  a  fine  of 
TOO  marcs,  and  committed  the  cuftody  of  the  abbey  to  them  with  the  ufual  refer- 

Tations. 

"  In  cu)us  rei  &c.  teftini'  thef  xxi  dieFebr',  p  ipfum  thef  &  alios  de  confilio, 
nccnon  p  iotul'  memor'  de  an'  xxxiii  Hill'  commiffion'  necnon  p  orig'  de  anno 
lecr'  E.  avi  regis  nunc  in  quad'  cedula  eid'  orig'  inde  conluta  in  qua  cont'  qd  cuf- 
todia  die  abt3e  coramittebat'  Pvic'  de  Chyle  p  finem  xl  marc'  habend'  p  tres  menfes.. 

1  This  officer  is  totally  obfcure. 

'iRcnpers,  mowers,  or  haymakers  and  cornbinders.     Du  Cange,  voce  Tajfuu 

•  The  pcrfon  who  had  clisrge  ot  the  ajiparel. 

*^  The  threiher  or  cern-dreirer.    Du  Cajige,  vocibus  Fannaiio  Si  Wantutgium. 

N°  XXXIII. 


H  I  S  T  O  Pv  Y    OF    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  55 


N°   XXXIII. 


Feod''  in  H o  y  L  a  n  d. 

From  the  Reglfter,  fol.   8.  a.   b.  fol.  9.  a.  fol.  57.   -^8. 

IN  wappentach  de  Ellozve  funt  vii  hund'  &  in  quotr  Iiund'  xii   carucat'  tre  e 
quib' 

In  villa  de  Tydd  iii  carucat'  tre  de  quib' Johes  de  Tydd  ten'  1  car'  &:  q',  Rob' 
de  Taterfale  di  car',  Jolis  de  Roos  i  car';  &  omnes  funt  de  feodo  Lane'. 

In  villa  de  Sutton  ix  car'  tre,  e  quib'  di  car'  eft  de  feod'  Croun  qua  Ric'  de  Mlton 
&  Ran'  de  Ry  tenent,  &  valet  p  ann'  viiit.  &;  vi  car'  q'  funt  de  feodo  de  la  Have 
un'  Hen'  Lacy  com'  Line'  *  &  Margarita  u\'  ej'  tenent  vi  car',  &  Ric'  de  iNIiton  &: 
Ran'  de  Ry  ten'  di  car'  de  eod'  feodo.  Itm  due  carucat'  tre  quas  prior  de  Spalding 
tenet  de  eod'  feod'  de  la  Haye,  &  clamat'  libertates  p  cartas. 

In  villa  de  Luetoni\mt  iv  car'  tre,  quas  Henr'  de  Lacy,  com'  Line',  S;  Rlargl: 
ux'  ej'  tenent,  &  funt  de  feodo  Lane'. 

In  Gedeneye  funt  viii  car'  tre  de  feodo  Aubemarle,  e  quitSs  Petrus  de  Goufil  ten' 
tcTa  part',  Simon  le  Conftable  ten'  3^^  p'"  abbas  de  Croyland  &  Wilti  Burgulyon 
ten'  3™  pt',  8c  valet  qaliBt  caruc' p  ann'  xvi  \.  Si.  folent  effe  geldabil'  &  ckiffn  li- 
berts  p  cartas. 

In  F/^/ funt  VI  car' tre  quas  Thorn' fil' Lamt)ti  de  Mlton   ten'  Sc  funt  de  feod'' 
Lane'. 

In  Holbech  &  ^uappel  funt  xviii  car'  tre  e  quits  Thorn'  de  Mlton  de  Gilcdand 
t'  V  car'  tre  de  honor'  Richmd  p  fervic'  milit'  c  quib'  v  car'  abb'  de  Crovland  t' 
II  bovat' prior  de  Bridelington  II  boy'  h  prior  de  Thetford  t'  11  bov'.  Et  fc''' 
qd  de  iUis  v  car'  funt  vi  bov'  in  9cPP^U  ^  iv  car'  &  11  bov'  in  Holbech.  Rog' 
Bacun  t'  i  car'  de  eod'  feod'  p  id'  ferv'  &  de  ilia  car'  tie  iunt  v  bov'  in  '>^ppel, 
S:  in  bov'  in  Holb'.  Hugo  de  Gorham,  Margfa  uxor  ej',  &  Edm'  dc  Qiiappcl, 
qui  t'  de  eis  11  car'  de  feod'  de  Croun  geldabil'  e  quilis  11  bov' s'  in  Ilolb',  iSc  xi\ 
bov'  in  <5cPP^'*  Abb'  de  Croyland  t'  in  pdcis  villis  in  car'  h  vi  bov'.  Item  n 
bov' de  feod' Aumarl'  e  quibs  11  car'  s'  in  Quappl  &  11  car'  in  Ilolb'.  Ailam  de 
Hakebech  t'  in  eifd'  vill'  iv  car'  de  eod'  feod'  e  quiljs  v  bov' s' in  Holb',  ?c  xxvii 
bov'  in  Quapp'.  Simon  le  Coneftable  &  Petrus  de  Goufd  t'  in  pdcis  vill'  11  car'' 
tre  de  eod'  feod'  e  quit5s  11  bov'  in  Qtiapp',  &  xiv  bov'  in  Holbech. 

*  Thi«  earl  died  I  ^10,  confequently  this  writing  may  be  dated  ;ibout  1 190  or  1300,   for  it  is   3   very 
ancient  fmall  hand  and  much  abbreviated.     The  MS.  from  tiic  various  hands  and  the  manner  in  wtiich  . 
it  is  made  up,  feems  to  confift  of  loofe  (heets  or  paic  hmnnt,  rclatiiig  10  the  coiKerns  of  the  abbey,  ftvved 
up  together,     Margaret  was  i^irll  wife  to  this  carl  Henrj', 

In  . 


j6  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

In  Mu/'tni  s'  v;  car'  I're,  c  quibs  Thorn'  fil'  LamlSti  de  Mtron  &  ten'  fiii  t'  iii  car' 
:?c  IV  bov'  trc  dc  hoii'  Bolingbrok,   &  prior  de  Spaldyng  t'  ii    car'  &  w   bov'  de 
eod'  lion'. 

In  U'c/'on  s'  vi  cm'  tie,  e  quitjo  Tho'  de  Mhon  t'  i  car'  de  feod'  de  Croun  gcl- 
dubii',  ^c  prior  dc  8pu1d'&  ten'  iiii  t'  V  car'  tre  de  hon'  de  Bolingbrok. 

In  Spalding  s'  xii  car'  tre  e  quibs  prior  de  Spald'  &  fui  tenent  viii  cai'  &  dt  8c 
1  bov'  dc  hoii'  de  Bolingbrok,  Abb'  de  Aiingers  ten'  i  car'  5c  in  bov'  tre  de  eod' 
feod'  abb'  dc  Croyland  t'  ii   car'  dc  feod'  de  Croun. 

In  Fyiiclhck  s'xn  car' tre,  c  quibs  prior  de  Spalding  &  fui  tenent  Viii  car'  &  dl  & 
1  bov'  &  di  dc  honore  de  Buliugbrok.  Abb'  de  Aungers  &  fui  ten'  vi  bord'  &  di  de 
eod'  feed'.  Abb'  de  Croyland  &  fui  t'  di  car' Joties  de  Bathan  t'  i  car'  de  eod'  feod'. 
IJeredcs  Nigclii  dc  Pinchbek  ten'  n  car'  de  feod'  de  Croun  6c  dant  aux'  vie'. 
In  wap'  dc  Kirkclon  s'  xi  hund'  &  in  quatt  hund'  xii  car'  tre  ut  s'  e  qbs 

In  Surjlct  s'  111  car'  i;rc  dl  quas  Sibilla  CrefTy  ten'  dc  sjanc'.  In  ead'  vill'  s'  vi 
bov' feod' com'llichcmund  in  fokag',  &.iicar'&vi  bov'  tre  de  feod'  epi  Line'  qs 
Niclias  Sc  llanus  de  Ry  ten'  ^  val'  qtbt  car'  p  an'  v[ii  t. 

In  Gojberkirk  s'  v  car'  &  vi  bov'  tre,  e  quibs  de  feod'  ejufd'  com'  de  llichemund 
s'  XII  liov' tre,  quas  Nic'  de  Ily  ten'p  svic'  milit'&  dant  aux'  vie'  Sc  in  car' tre  in  ead' 
viir  flint  de  feod'  epi  Line'  qs  pdci  Nic'  &  Ran'  t'  &  non  dant  aux' vie',  Et  vi 
bov'  tre  s'  in  ead'  vill'  de  feod'  ejufd'  epi  que  affign'  in  hund'  de  ^ladervig. 

In  ^ladhavcring  h  Donitigton  s'  xiii  car'  tre  de  qbs  de  feod'  epi  s'  in  car'  & 
■Ml  bov'  tre  in  utfq'  vill'.  Rog'  de  Huntyngfcld  ten'  ii  bov'  di  de  feod'  de  Croun 
geldabil',  Wills  de  Roos  ten' i  bov' de  arepi  Ebor',  abb'  de  Neubo  t'  i  bov'  &qm 
pre  bov' de  eod' feod' abb' de  Burgo  fci  Petri  ten'  iii  car'  fre  de  feod'  com'  Richind 
&  folent  efle  geldabil'.  Aibrianus  fil'  Alani  t'  in  Doningt'  vi  bov'  tre  de  feod' 
P.ichmd  p  svic  mi'ic.  Abb' de  Ofelton  t'  i  bov'  uT  de  feod'  afepi  Ebor'  geldabil'. 
Hug'  de  tJotelby  t'  di  bov'  de  eod'  feod'  geldabil.  Thorn'  de  Frampton  t'  di  bov' 
de  feodo  de  Croun  geldabil'  &  com'  Richind  ten'  in  doiiiico  &  in  fokag'  fuo  in  car' 
<k  IV  bov'  &  di  bov'  &  valet  ibid'  qlibt  carucat',  iin  1.  xvi  s. 

In  Byker  &  in  Stivenig  s'  xn  car' tre,  e  qbs  Jobcs  de  Hoyl'  t'  iv  car'  tre  de  hou' 
Richemund  p  svic'  miiitar',  Aibrianus  fil'  Alani  ten'  i  car'  &  vn  bov'  tre  in  eod' 
lion' p  id' svic'  Edmd  de  Q^iappel'  t'  i  car'  &  vi  bov'  tre  di  de  eod'  hon'  p. 
idem  svic'.  Ifm  in  eod'  hon'  funt  in  fokag'  n  car"  &  di.  Wilts  de  Latym'  t'  vi 
bov' p  id' Svic' de  Johe  de  Vefey.  Rog' de  Huntynfd  t'  vi  bov*  p  idem  svic'  de 
feodo  de  Croun  gcldab'.  Abb'  de  Ofelton  t'  i  bov'  &  di  p  id'  svic'  de  feodo 
arepi  Ebor'.     Wilis  le  Walleys  t'  i  bov'  &  di  de  eod'  feodo  h  p  id'  svic'. 

In  Leyk  s'  xn  car'  tre  de  hon'  Richmd,  e  qbs  abb'  de  WaUham,  hcdes  dni  Hu- 
gonis  FriiTiCR  &  lied'  Uog'  Bacun  t'  de  eod'  feod  p  svic'  niilit'  cc  com'  Richmd  t' 
X'CH-'  de  focagio. 

in  WrangH  s'  xn  car'  tre  quas  dns  Ilenr'  Lacy,  com'  Line',  Abb'  de  "NVal- 
tham,  &  Johes  dc  Bathun  ten'  de  hon'  Puchmd  p  svic'  milit'  h  dant  aux'  vie'. 

In  (Vygctoft  (k  in  Szn?i/ly  s'  xxiv  car'  tre,  e  qbs  xn  car'  tre  &  i  bov'  s'  de  feed' 
Lane'.  Rog'  de  Huntyn'gfeld  t'  i  car'  tre  de  feod'  Croun  r^eldabil'.  Stepftus  de  Wyge- 
loft  tea'  n  car'  h  di.  de  feod'  UichixiJ  p  svic'  mil'.  Edm'dc  Quapp'  &  Aibrianus 
fil  Alani  t'  i  cai'  p  id'  svic'  Joh'  de  Hoyland  t'  i  car'  p  id'  svic  .  Abb'  de  Croy- 
knd  c'  I  c;!r'  tre  vi  com'  Richirid  &:  ten'  fui  i'  v  car'  tre  ^-:  in  buv'i 

2  Li 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y     O  F    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  57 

In  SulloH  s'  XII  car'  tie,  e  qbs  Steplis  de  Wygetoft  t'  i  car'  p  bvic'mllit'.  Wi  h 
de  Berningham  t'  i  car'  dl  p  id'  bvic'.  Thorn'  de  Mhon  t'  1 1 1  car'  tie  dl  p  id'  ivic'. 
Ahh'  de  C^royland  t'  11  car'  tre.     Et  in  fokag'  com'  Richcnid  s'  v  car'  &  di. 

In  Algerkirke  s'  xii  car'  tre,  e  qbsTliom'de  Mlton  t'  lu  car'  tro  dT.  Abb'  de 
Croyl'  t'  II  car'  tire  &  11  bov'.     Et  in  fokag'  coin'Richmd  s'  vii  car'  tre  h  11  bov'. 

In  Kirkcton  s'xxiv  car'  tre  e  qBs  Rotjs  do  Kyrketon  t'  xiv  bov'ik  dl  de  feod' 
de  Croun  geldab'.  Id'  Rob'  t'  iv  bov'  de  hon'  Richeniond  p  svic'  milit'.  IleJ' 
Thome  de  Frampton  t'  xv  bov'  p  id' svic*.  Tho  de  Mhon  ten'  i  car'  &  vi  bo\'' 
&  dl  de  hon'  R.icherad  p  svic'  niilit'.  Galfrs  de  Kent  t'  i  car'  de  ecd'  hon'  p  in' 
svic'.  Alexr  de  Kirketon  i'  i  car'  tre  &  i  bov'  Sc  di  bov'  de  eod'  hoa'  Sc  tenen- 
tes  com'  Richemd  t'  in  fokag'  xv  car'  &  vi  bov'  &  di. 

'  In  Frampton  s'  xii  car'  tre,  e  q15s  de  feod'  de  Croun  s'  iv  car'  &  iv  bov'  gcldab'. 
Et  de  feod'  com'  Richemd  s'  vii  car'  &  vi  bov'  e  qb-s  hed'  Tho  de  Frampton  ten'  i 
car'  tre  &  di.  Johes  de  Cobildyk  t'  v  bov'  &  dat'  aux'  vie'  &c  v  car'  6c  v  bo\'  s' 
in  dnico  com'  R.ichmd  in  fokag'. 

In  lVyb'to7i  b.  in  Skybeck  cf^  occidental'  pte  aque  s'  xii  car'  tre,  e  qtis  de  feod' dc 
Croun  s'T  car'  &  iii  bov'  geklab'.  Et  ten'  com'  Pvichemd  t'  in  fokag'  x  car'  i'c 
V  bov'. 

In  wapp'  de  Skirbek  funt  vii  hund'  &  in  qulibet  hnnd'  s'  Xii  car'  tre  e  q,^ 

In  villa  de  fc'o  Bofh'o  &  in  Skirbek  ex  pre  orientali  aqiie  flint  xii  car'  tre,  e  qbs 
Tho  fir  Lamfeti  de  Mkon  t'  vi  car'  &  in  bov'  de  hon'p  svic*  mil*.     Com*  Richem' 
8c  ten'  fui  t'  v  car'  &  v  bov'  &  Rob'  de  Taterfale   t'  ex  Occident'  pte  aque  11  bov'' 
tre  de  quo  feod'  vl  p  qd  svic'  pt  qeri. 

In  Tofi'(unt  xii  car'  tre,  e  qBs  Wiltus  de  Huntyngfeld  t'  vr  car'de  feod'  de 
Croun  geldab'.  Alanus  de  Hippetoft  t'  i  car'  de  eod'  feod'  p  id'  svic'.  Rad'  de 
Rocheford  t' I  car' de  eod' feod"p  id' svic'.  Matilda  de  Steping  t'  i  car'  dc  eod' 
feod'  p  id'  svic'  iinde  Hug'  de  Gorham  t'  11  bov'  de  car'  ilia  &  Rad'  de  Roche- 
ford  t'  IV  bov'  de  ead'  car*.  Id'  Rads  i'  11  car'  &  di  dc  hon'  RichLiild  p  svic' 
mij'.     Et  Luc'  Peche  t'  dl  car'  tre  de  eod'  feod'  p  id'  svic'. 

In  Frejhn  &  in  Bodwyk.^'  xxiiii  car'  tre  cum  111  bov'  in  S'^o  BbtF.o  juD(3is  qac 
s'  de  feod'  de  Croun. 

In  Benington,  &  in  Levirton  s'  xn  car'  tre,  e  qt)3  Johes  de  Barhon  t'  111  cai'  tre 
de  hon'  Richemd  p  svic'  milit'.     Rad'  de   Rocheford  t'  11  car'  de  eod'  hon'  p  id'  " 
svic'.     Matild'  de  Grumdret  t'  i  bov'  &  qrta  pte   i  bov'  de  eod'  hon'  p  id'  srvis' ' 
&■  con>'  Richemd  &  fokemanni  fui  t'  vi  bov'  &  di  bov'  &  qria  pte  i  bov'. 

From  the  Regirter,   fol.  12.  b. , 

In  libro  feodor'  penes  Seem  refident'  qui  ibin  p.  evidenc'  &  no  record'  lietur  inter- 
aha  continet'  ut  fequit'  fub  tkulo  fequ'. 

Panicularia  feod'  abbis  Croyl'  que  tenent'  de  rege  in  cap'  Sc  de  alils  honorib'. 

-J  f  Abbas -de  Croylaiid  tenet  11  feoda  milit'  de  dno   rege    in   Langtofi    in   pur' 
2  1      elem'. 

»-l  T 


58 


APPENDIX        TO        THE 


In  wapunt'  de  Kyrkton  fie. 

"Abbas  de  Crovland  t'  una  carucat'  in  eleraos'  in  SwweJIoe'Ved  de  dono  com' 

P.ichm'. 

Abbas  de   Croyl'  t'   ii  car'  trc  in  clem'  in  Sutlon  de  dono  ejufd'  com'. 

P  I  xVbbas  dc  CroyP   t'  ix  bovat'  tre  in  clem'  in  Algerkirk  de  dono  cjufd'  com'. 

z.   I 

;^  ^  In  wappunt'  de  Ellowe  fic. 

^  !  Abbas  dc  Croyl'  8c  tenemes  de  eod'  teii!;'  in  Vynchebek  di  caruc'  tre  de  dono 
{'       Wydon  de  Croun  in  pur'  clem'. 

I  Abbas  de  Croyl'  &  tenentcs  de  eod'  terit'  in  Spalding  i  car'  tre  dedono  ejufd'. 
j  Abbas  de  Croyl'  &  tenentes  de  eod'  teiic'  in  Whapplad  &  Holbech  iii  car'  tre 
[^     5c  VI  bov'  in  pur'  clem'  de  dno  rege. 

In  wapunt'  de  Ludhersk  fic. 

f  Abbas  dc  Croyland  t'  in  villa  de  AHngion  oftava  pte  feod'  un'  miP  de  Simoe 

de  Says  &  id'  Simon'  de  com'  marefcallo  de  ve  fe. 

In  wapunt'  de  Eajlivath  fic. 
Abbas  de  Croyland  t'  in  med'  ville  de  Claxhy  in  clem'  de  Petronilla  de  Croun. 

Alibi  in  eod'  wapunt'  fic 
Prior'  de  Freflon  t'  qrtam  jpte  feodi  un'  milit'  in  Claxhy  d«    elem'  de   dono 
n  ^      Wydon  de  Croun  &  ipfe  VVydo  tenuit  illu  de  dno  rege  in  cap'  &  hered'  fui 
faciunt  inde  lervic'. 

In  wapunt'  de  Geyretrc  fic. 

Comes  Cell'  t'  in  cap'  de  3no  rege  ii  car'  tre  in  Dokynhale  quas  abb'  de  Croyl* 

tenet  in  pur'  elem'. 
Monachi  de  Croyl'  tenent  x  bov'  tre  in  Halyngion  de  feod'  com'  Ceftr'  fed  nef- 
(_     cit'  de  dono  cujus  ipfi  monachi  terram  pdcam  tenent'. 

In  wapunt'  de  I'^ejfe. 
Abb'  de  Croyl'  ht  ex  antiquo  tempe  Langtoft  &  medietate  ville  de  Eajlon,  sd  no 
potefl  inquiri  quomodo  dus  rex  vl  anteceflbres  fui  habuerunt  inde  capitale 
fervic'. 

In  wapunt'  dc  Ello-we. 

'Abb'  de  Croyl'  lit  in  Holbecke  &  Whapplad  iii  car'  tre  &  vi  bov'  &  ncfcit' 
de  quo  dono  ppt'  antiq'  poffefllion'. 
fi     Idem  abb'  lict  in  Spalding  &  in  Pracb'  n  car'  8c  di. 

.J  In  wapunt'  de  Kyrkton  fic 

;e     Abb'  de  Cro)  r  liet  in   Dunjton,  FcJJedyk^  &  Stvynnejhede^  iv  car'   tre  ita  qd 
domus  Croybnd'  tamdiu  tenuit  qd  ncfcit'  ex  quo  dono. 

N°  XXXIV. 


HISTORY    OF    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  59 

N°  XXXIV, 

CORRODIES. 

■FroceJJus  faclus  Jup  fuftentac'  Petri  le  Saufer  nobis  mijfi  loco  Jobii 
le  Qterhunt  def"  ad  rogatum  Uni  Regis, 

From  the  Regifter. 

EDWARD  p  la  gee  de  Dieu  roy  d'Engletre,  &c.  a  notz  cher  en  Dicu  abbe 
&  covent  de  Croilaund  faluz.     Com  no''  vo''  maundafmes  nadgicrs  p  notz  aii- 
tres  tre«  qe  notre  fergeant  meftre  Piers  de  Smetheton,  q  no'  ad  longement  bkn   & 

leaument  svy  &  ungore  fet  de  jour  en  autre,  rcceuffietz  en  vre  dit  mefon  &  lui  feif- 
fez  trover  en  ycelc  au  tiele  fuftenaunce  a  tote  fa  vie  com  John  le  Hothundc  qeft  a 
Dieu  comaunde  avoit  taunt  com  il  vefquit  en  vre  mefon  par  nre  envoye,  &  furceo  luy 
feifTez  avoir  votres  tres  patentes  fealez  de  vre  comun  feal  contcnauntes  en  yceles 
totes  les  chofes  q'il  deverolt  receyvrede  vre  dite  mefon  &  qe  vous  nons  refcrifllz  p 
■votres  tres  &  p  le  dit  Piers  ceo  qe  vous  en  voliflez  faire;  que  chofe  vous  nauetz  un- 
quorc  voluz  faire  ne  refcrivre  a  no  folonk  le  tene  de  nre  dit  maundement  dounc 
no''  no''  emerveillons  durement  e  ne  raye  fanz  graunt  enchefon  tenoms  mout  a  mal 
■paiez,  parquoi  vous  maundoms,  &c.  to  do  as  before,  and  to  encourage  theai,  adds.> 
he  will  be  to  them  "  le  plus  gracious  feigneur  es  chofes  -qe  vous  touchercnt  dcvers 
nous.  Don'  fouBs  lire  privee  feal  a  Bcaulieu  le  i  jour  de  Averill,  I'an  de  nre  rega' 
xv^I'"^" 

A  writ  in  Latin  in  favour  of  the  fame  perfon,  "  qui  nob'.diu  8e  gratanter  de- 
fcrvivic  &  cui  de  fuflentacoe  juxta  ftaius  fui  decenciam  p  nos  nondura  eft  ^vlfum, 
•&C."     Dated  from  the  Tower  15  March,  •cod'  an'. 

Another  in  Latin  to  provide  for  him  or  (hew  caufe  to  the  contrary.  Dated  Beau- 
lieu,   10  Apr.  a.  r.  18. 

A  third  fummoning  them  to  anfwer  for  their  contempt  in   perfon  within  a  fort- 
night.    Dat.  Cheppenham  3  Nov,  eod'  an*. 
Then  follows  their  rcmonftrance. 

"  Als  exceltt  prince  &  lour  noble  feignr  fi  ky  plefc  Sir  Edward  p  la  grace  de 
Dieu,  &c.  fes  liges  chapeleyns  ;ibbe  &  covent  de  Croyland,  qnqe  perc  de  rtlici- 
ous  affiduel  pra  valicr  ove  toutz  fervices  auxi  bien  triens  com  celeltiens,  Tres  cher 
feign'  votre  tres  defuth  vre  pvc  feal  nadgier?  refccumes  conrenantes  qe  un  mel!  e 
Piers  de  Smitheton  vre  fergeaunt  recu-oms  en  nre  n>efon  ^n  lieu  John  le  Hothunte 
qeft  a  Dicu  comaunde,  &c.  furquey,  tres  douz  feign',  volietz  entendre  (je  nons  te- 
noms  nre  die  mefon  de  auncyen  fundacyon  de  vres  progreir.tours  jadys  roys  d'Lngle- 
tre^n  pure  &  ppctuelle  aumofne  &  unques  en  lour  temps  de  fiifleuaunce  a  iid 

if  y  trover 


6d  appendix      to      the 

y  trover  fumes  requis^  forqe  ore  tard  a  regard  a  ceo  pefpetlance  t>  qey  vre  real  au=- 
telTe  devotemeni  requeroms  &  prioms  p  Uieu  h  ovcre  de  charite  qe  ore  di:  mefoii 
voliez  en  foen  etat  fans  grofe  charge  gcioufement  mayntcnir  :  me  p  ceo  Sir  qe   no'* 
avoms  entenduz  qe  vous  avetz  lavauncement  le  dit   Piers   gandement  a  qocr  nous 
voliaunz  fovereynement  plere  a  vre  real  autefle  a  cclle  foiez  avoms  gate  au  dit  Piers 
convenable  fuftenaunce  a  tote  fa  vie  en  nre  niefon  a  vre  reverence  &  priere,  &  vouz 
pleife  favoir  ctir  feign'  a  qtiea  defir  &  quele  volonte  toutz  jours  fumes  pretz  a  tout 
lire  poer  vre  reale  volonte   ficiim   nous   fumes  tenuz  p  lire  ligaunce  benevrement 
a  compiler  &  charger  vol'.ez  chr  feign'  coment  Tire  dit  melon  p  moryne  des  beeftes,  . 
erecyne  des  ewes,  &  autres  advlites  efl;  en  yfez  jours  taunt  durement  abcefle   &c  en- 
pouvry  qe  nous  ne   pouvons  du   iire   faunz   giunte  dcilreffe  vivre  ne  noftre  eltac 
duement  meyntenir.     E  de  ceo  prioms,  tdouz  feign'' qe  vous  eietz   regard  a  charite 
tk  •compaflion  de  Tire  poverte  fufd'te  &  a  Tire  bone  volente.     Mint  qe  ceo  qe  no  gn- 
toms  a  cefte  foiez  a  vre   requeue  franchement  p  elpctiaunce  ne  chece  apres  fes 
oures  en  p  judice  de  no''  ne  de  Tire  mefon  &  de  ceo^  trefdouz  feign'  prioms  vres  tres  . 
plircnte^  iffint  qil  ne  feit  trect  a  confequence  p  notre  bien  fait  a  cette  foiez  fi  ou- 
vertamenc  gante.     Sir  al  hon'  8c  profit  de   corps   &   alme  &:  viftorie  a  toutz  votz 
encmys  vous  mene  luy  tut  puiffant.     Efcript  a  Croiland  le  xv  jour  de  Maij. 

Ilia  tra  fupa  ^x'  non  fuit  acceptata  a  confilio  regis.  Poflea  dcus  Petrus  de  Smethe- 
ton  uoie  regis  irapetravit  breve  contra  nos  qd  vocatur  Pone  per  vad'  cor'  ipfo 
rege,  fupponendo  nos  contempfilfe  mandatum  regis,  citra  finalem  exitum  p  judicium 
cur'  regis  conceffimus  dco  magro  Petro  fuftentacoem  fuajuxia  mandati'ira  regis,  8c  fup; 
hoc  feciiTius  dco  Petro  tras  Tiras  patentcs  ,put  feqr. 

He  was  allowed  for  life  "  ad  iupplicacciem  d'ni. regis,""  one  white  loaf  "  minoris 
ponderis"  per  day,  and  another  loaf  of  fervants'  bread,  a  flagon  of  good  fervants'  ale, 
and  a  fervants'  fervice  out  of  the  kitchen,  a  gown  "  de  fefta  hominum  de  officio," 
a  room  with  fire  and  candle  ;  and  if  he  chofe  to  dine  with  "  fervientes  officii"  in  the 
abbot's  hall,  he  might  "  in  recompenfacoe  fuftentacois  fue'."  Dated  on  the  fefti- 
val  of  the  invention  of  the  crofs  i8  E.II.  This  indenture  was  enrolled  in  Trinity 
term  a.  r.  19.-  but  next  year  Peter  wilhing  to  have  his  allowance  bettered,  the  abbot 
and  convent  in  confideration  of  20  1.  by  him  paid  to  them,  g.-anted  him  an  additio- 
nal white  loaf  of  the  fame  weight,  and  a  fervants'  loaf,  and  in  lieu  of  the  ale  a 
iiagon  of  conventual  ale,  and  one  of  better  clerks'  ale,  and  inllead  of  his  former  niefs 
(ferculum)  one  fuch  as  was  given  to  a  free  fervant  or  fquire,  and  inftead  of  the  robe 
one  of  the  fuit  of  the  abbot's  fquires.  For  the  aforefaid  fum  he  was  further  to  have, 
a  horfe  with  hay  and  corn  and  a  boy  at  the  allowance  of  an  efquire  of  the  abbot's 
boy,  and  inftcad  of  the  room,  Sec.  before  allowed  one,  &c.  fit  for  a  free  fervant  or 
efquire  of  the  faid  houfe. 

On  the  death  of  Peter  the  king  wrote  to  them  to  make  the  fame  allowance  to 
Hugh  de  Kenfyngton,  his  faljarius  ox  fancer.  Dated  Pontfradl,  22,  Feb,  7  E.  ill. 
under  the  great  feal,  and  in  French  under  the  privy  feal  to  the  fame  purport,  25 
Feb.  from  the  fame  place,  and  a  third  time  from  thence,  28  Mar.  with  a  fummons 
to  appear  at  Weft min Her  and  (hew  caufc  to  the  contrary.  In  this  laft,  oppofite  to 
the  words  "  qe  vous  eftes  tcnus  de  droit,"  is  written  on  the  margin  "  ecce  p  judici- 
uie  tLiiUre  nrc  ut  videtur," 

2  Abo- 


HISTORY    OF     C  11  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  6i 

Another  writ  dated  Knaresburgh  lo  Aug.  fame  year,  lays,  "  de  quo  qu'dcm  fa- 
cere  uon  curaftis,  unde  pkirimum  ndmiramus."  Another  to  the  l>nie  efl'cft,  fame 
place,  II  Aug.  in  French.  A  writ  of  privy  feal  fumnioning  tlie  abbot  to  the  par- 
liament at  Warwick,  dated  Woodrtock,  Feb.,  4,  a.  r.  8.  This  extorted  the  follow- 
ing petition  to  the  king  and  council  by  abp.  Stratford  in  rhc  parliament  held  at  War- 
wick :  "  Pieife  a  nre  feign'  le  roy  &  a  fon  confeil  favoir  qc  i'abbe  &  covt  de  Croy- 
land  &  lourz  predeceffours  ount  tenuz  lour  abbeye,  teres  &  poiTeffions  de  mcfme 
1'  abbeye  les  qucux  i!s  ount  des  fonndacions  dcs  roys  en  franuche  &  ppetuel 
almoigne,  h  lez  ount  tenuz  du  temps  le  roi  Eihelbald  qe  fundi  melme  I'abbeye  de 
Croilaund  cynk  centz  anns  devant  ie  conquefte,  &  de  ceu  temps  en  ca  les  oient  te- 
nuz fraunchement  &  quietemcnt  fiiunz  ellre  chargee  de  nul  svice  terein,  e  co:n 
nre  fcignr  le  roy  qe  Dieu  gard,  eit  maunde  p  fes  tres  as  dits  abbe  &  covent  qils 
receyvent  un  Hugh  de  Kenfyngton  en  lour  abbeye,  &C." 

Ifte  Hugo  ante  difcuflionem  juris  dni  regis  in  pniiffis  morltur.  The  kino-  fent 
the  fame  letters  to  the  abbey  in  favour  of  John  de  la  Herba^erie  15  and  26  Sept. 
a.  r.  8'.  They  petitioned  againft  this  pleading  the  inipoveriflied  flate  of  their  houfe, 
"  la  fubftaunce  de  vre  poure  almoignerie  tant  eft  deftruir  &  anyente  p  p"  prifes 
peccheroufes  &  diverfes  oppreflions  d  1  figr  Wak," 

To  this  the  king  returns  "  vous  vous  efcufes  p  excufacions  feintes  &  forgees 
quelles  nous  tenoms  nulles,  doint  nous  fumes  trcs  durement  efmuz."  Dated  New- 
caftle  upon  Tyne,  Nov.  10,  a.  r.  8. 

They  replied,  their  houfc  was  exempt  from  all  fecular  fervice,  but  at  the  efpe- 
cial  defirc  of  his  father  they  received  Piers  Sauferge  "  au  iire  mefon  a  fultenaunce 
de  home  de  meftier"  for  life  "  ne  mye  feigr  come  de  droi»  ne  dc  ufagc." 

Apres  cefte  refponfe  feit  au  roy  fut  vote  au  counfel  le  roy  countre  la  feute  Ic 
dit  J.  de  I'H.  fur  le  corrodie  fufdit. 

Then  follows  another  French  petition  to  be  freed  from  this  corrody  and  fer- 
vice. In  it  as  before  they  fecm  to  be  ignorant  of  the  exaft  time  of  their  founda- 
tionj  as  they  fay  that  king  Ethelbald  founded  their  monaftry  500  years  before 
the  Conqueft,  which  happened  in  1066;  Ethelbald  died  716,  which  makes  not 
-above  350  years. 

John  H.  dying  during  the  difpute,  the  king  nominated  John  de  Afhmerebrok, 
Lis  huntfman  ;  againfl:  which  they  petitioned  in  Latin,  "  Excelientiflimo  p:  .noipi 
&  3no  fuo  reverend'  dno  Edwardo,"  Sec.  concluding  "  Valcat  majcftas  vra  ad  dci 
pacis  honorcm,"  ^c.  on  which  Mr.  Cole  remarks  that  the  words  reverendus  and 
TtiajeJiQs  to  the  king  are  equally  unufual. 

The  king  required  them,  &c.  by  writ  of  privy  feal,  and  the  corrody  was  at 
length  granted  to  John,  conditionally  as  before  to  Peter:  and  the  king  granted 
them  indemnity  provided  they  admitted  this  corrodary  for  this  time  only,  "  ad  re- 
■quificoe  &  rogatum  nrum,"  and  difcharging  them  from  fuch  burdens  for  ever 
after  John's  deceafe. 

This  corrody  was  for  himfelf  the  daily  allowanceoftwofquires,  and  for  his  boy  that  of 
a  fquire's  boy  ;    alfo  provifion  for  his  horfe,  a  room  and  a  coat,  or  6  s.  8  d.  p  ^n'. 

18  H.  VI.  the  king  difcharged  them  by  letters  patent  from  an  oblig?.tion  to  this 
corrody,  which  they  had  granted  at  the  requeft  of  E,  III.  to  J.  Aflimerbroke  and 

H  2  lately 


6a  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

l;;tely  fearing  to  difoblige  his  grandfather  H.  IV.  to  Henry  fon  of  Laurence  de  Flete 
•and  Anne  his  wrte,  now  dead,  and  to  William  their  fon. 

It  is  worth  while  to  obferve  the  care  they  took  not  to  be  fiddled  with  fuch  pen» 
fioners  ;  however,  it  feeras  this  would  not  fecure  them,  for  in  the  margin  is  writteu 
in  a  very  old  but  different  hand,  as  well  as  Mr.  Cole  could  make  it  out, 

"  Ifte,  p't'^  Maria  Bat'  xviii' die  menfis  Marcii,  a°  r.  r.  fupdci  2.6." 

Other  corrodies  granted  by  this  houfe  were. 

To  matter  Walter  de  Alfion,  rector  of  Burton  by  Lincoln,  a  yearly  penfion  at  Mi- 
chaelmas of  the  third  pait  of  a  piece  of  cloth  '  wuh  furr  of  Buggette  of  the  fame 
Lrt  as  their  clerks'",   1333. 

Richard  Barton  of  Aulton  the  like  portion,  fanni  ajjtfi  de  fefta  major  clericor' 
ejufd'  a&bis,  at  Chriftmas,   1334. 

John  Surflete,  vicar  of  Wellingborough,  eight  ells  of  cloth,  de  meliori  fe^a  cl'i- 
ricor' firor',  with  fur  Ji?  6'/n"«^//;V7»fj  at  Bartholomewtide,  1334;  alfo  land  of  the 
yeaily  value '^  of  5  marcs.  In  1340  they  granted  half  of  the  above  for  his  fupertUj- 
nic,  with  a  fur  of  Buggette  for  his  hood  *,  and  one  robe  fufficient  for  his  fervant  of 
the  beft  cloth  worn  by  their  fervants. 

Chrilfopher  Hartulph,  for  his  good  ferviccs,  a  yearly  fee  of  5  marcs  with  a  robe 
with  our  free  ferjeants  *,  valued  at  two  marcs,  or  two  pieces  of  gold  ^  in  money  in 
lieu  of  it,  1328. 

Simon  de  Drayton  knight  for  his  fervant  a  yearly  rent  of  five  marcs,  and  half  a 
piece  of  cloth,  and  two  furrs  one  of  SirandUng  and  one  of  Squirrel/,  and  one  of 
Meniver  for  his  hood.   1338. 

Ralph  de  Celario,  of  Croyland  living  at  Spalding,  weekly  fourteen  white  monni"- 
tic  loaves  *,  and  fourteen  gallons  of  conventual  ale**,  and  in  raw  meat'  fourteen 
nieffcs  ^,  each  containing  as  much  as  two  efquircs '  of  the  abbot  receive  at  dinner 
time  in  his  hall  :  and  on  the  principal  feftivals,  viz.  All  Saints,.  Chriflmas  day,  and 
two  days  following,  Epiphany,  Eaflcr  day  and.  two  following,  Afcenfion,  Whit- 
fiinday  and  two  following,  Annimciation  of  the  Bleffed  Virgin,  St.  Guthlac  in 
April,  Affumpiion  of  the  BleiTed  Virgin,  St.  Guthlac  in  Auguft,  and  St.  Bartholo- 
mew •,  when  the  abbot's  efquires  have  their  pittance  he  Ihall  receive  his  or  fome- 
thing  raw  inftead-,  and  every  year  one  quarter  of  a  piece  of  cloth  with  lamblliin'" 
or  XVI  d'.  in  lieu  thereof.  He  was  alfo  to  have  yearly  for  the  ufe  "  of 
Alice,  daughter  of  Waltir  Godard  of  Spalding,  his  wife,  ane  third  of  a  piece 
of  cloth  of  the  fuit  of  the  greater  clerks  with  tur  of  Strendling  for  a  furcoat,  or 
20  s.  in  lieu,  but  this  article  to  ceafe  with  her  life,  and. when  the  faid  Ralph  flcp.t 
at  Croyland  he  was  to  be  allowed  hay  for  his  horfe,  fuch  as  the  fquires  have,  and 
one  laR"  of  provender  for  the  fame.  His  wile  furviving  him  to  receive  nothing 
of  the  above.  1338. 

*  Vnim  fanni,  ^  Cum  furrura  di  Buggete  df-  ffiia  clericor'  fuorV 

*  Aiinuc prejialioiiii.  "*   Capudum.  '    Raia  cam  liirrsjeri'itntriul  n^iis. 

*  Jureas.  «■  Panes  a/loi  monachala,  ""  Gcrevifie  conveiitualis. 

■  Rcius  criidis.  *■  Fercula.  '  Armigtri,  ■  furrura  deagnlu. 

»  Ad  cpiii.  •  Oi  calL 

10  E^ 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y     O  F     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  6^ 

10  E.  III.  to  Agnes,  daughter  of  Simon  le  Kcii  of  Uffington,  iLily  two  whits 
loaves  of  lefler  weight  ?,  and  a  gallon  of  conveiuiuil  ale,  and  a  fervice  ^  oncj  a  day 
at  noon  ■■,  flelh  and  fifli,  as  the  day  requires';  as  much  as  is  allowed  to  one  of 
the  abbot's  free  fervants  at  noon :  and  every  other  year  feven  ells  of  cloth  v-^itU 
fbrr  of  fquirel  for  her  fnrcoat.  For  the  firft  forty  days  frojii  the  date  of  thi:- 
indenture,  daring  the  life  of  Amye  de  Creyk,  wife  of  Richard  de  St.  Albans  of 
Bafton,  flie  was  to  receive  no  benefit  from  the  above  rirticles. 

GeofFry  Pafplion,  fo  long  as  he  could  come  to  the  table  in  the  abbot's  hall  wa3^ 
to  have  the  allowance  of  one  fquire  for  doing  what  the  abbot  fct  him  about,  anib 
every  Chrittmas  a  coat  and  fur  as  the  fquire,  or  a  m^rk  of  filver,  and  for  every 
day  that  he  was  kept  back  by  illnefs  he  was  to  have  one  monks'  loaf,  aud  one  fetr 
vants'  loaf,  one  flagon '  of  conventual  ale,  and  one  of  better  clerks'  ale,  and  of  flefh 
and  fifh  one  fquire's  allowance,  alfo  the  chamber  at  the  great  gare  with  fewcl  an^l 
light  llifficient  for  him,  and  hay  and  provender  for  his  horfe  fo  long  as  he  can 
work,  provided  he  keep  a  good  and  fufEcient  horfe  worth  303.  or26S.  C  d.  a: 
leaft.     1334. 

13  E.  III.  Euflace  de  FoUeville  bound  himfelf  to  be  council  for  life  to  the  abbot 
in  all  fuits  relating  to  his  houfe  at  their  expence,  for  which  they  agreed  to  pay  him 
a  yearly  falary  of  twenty  fhil lings. 

1339.  Simon  de  Iflep,  canon  of  Lincoln,  for  his  good  advice  and  afTiftance  Jii 
their  affairs  againi^  all  perfons  but  the  biihop  of  Lincoln  and  the  abbot  of  Peter- 
borough, had  a  yearly  revenue  of  ten  rnarks,  and  half  a  piece  of  clerk's  cloth,,  with 
one  furr  of  Strendeling  and  one  of  Squirel  at  Chriftmas. 

This  indenture  is  crofl'ed  over  or  a  line  drawn  through  it ;  probably  when  their 
prodtor  or  advocate  was  made  archbilliop  of  Canterbury  the  agreement  ceafcd. 

23  E.  in.  Simon  Symeon  for  his- advice  and  affiftaiKe  had  an  a'lnuity  of  an  hi;n- 
dred  fhiliings  for  life. 

25  E.  III.  Thomas  Thetford,  clerk  of  Simon  abp.  of  Canterbury,  had  an  annuity 
of  five  pounds  fterling,  and  eight  ells  of  cloth  worn  by  thegreater  clerks,  with  a 
furr,  till  they  could  prefent  him  to  fome  benefice* 

Peter  Sykel  of  Croyland  and  Sarah  his  wife,  who  feemto  have  been  decayed  fer- - 
vants  in  the  abby,  had  for  their  refpeftive  lives  daily  one  monks'  loaf  and  two 
grey  loaves  called  alfam'ovxs,  and  a  gallon  and  a  half  of  conventual  ale,  and  a  fervice 
out  of  the  abbot's  kitchen,  o:>ce  a  day  at  noon  boih  flelh  and  h(h,  and  a  mcfs  of 
pottage  from  the  abbot's  kitchen,  and  a  coat  of  the  fervants'  fort  for  the  ufv  of 
the  faid  Peter. 

27  E.  111.  John  Gilbert,  of  Wygenhale,  had  for  life  daily  a.wliite  monk's 
loaf,  a  grey  lo^f  or  olfamlcf,  ami  a  gallon  of  conventual  ale  by  the  liandard  of  the 
cellarer  of  the  abby,  and  two  meOes  a  day  trom  the  abbot's  kitchen,  but  on  tiie 
principal  feftivaU  a  larger  allowance. 

28  E.  III.  Nicholas  de  Stanford,  clerk  to  the  chancellor,  for  his  good  advice 
and  alTilfance  had  a  penficn  of  forty  fhilHngs  p  ann',  and  when  the  abbot  gave  gowns 

I"  Minoi-is  {lonJcris.  '^  •Ser':<i::u!>i  ih  coquiria,  -  '  Ad //o-/.-;''/.  '   E'f^if. 

« i  Lagfna. 

her 


64 


APPENDIX        TO        THE 


he  was  to  have  at  Chridmus  eight  ells  of  the  greater  clerk's  cloth;  and  all  tKk 
till  they  could  get  him  a  benefice  worth  his  acceptance.    1358-9. 

Richard  de  ChellcrficlJ,  clerk,  had  an  annuity  of  forty  Ihillings  till  they  could 
provide  hira  with  a  benefice, 

33  E.  111.  Robert  de  Trifford,  reftor  of  Pykworth,  and  his  boy,  had  their  daily 
allowance  troni  the  abbot's  hall,  with  a  furr  gown  and  provender  for  his  horle  in  the 
abbey  ftible,  fire  and  candle;  but  if  ill  two  white  loaves  and  one  grey  one,  one  gallon 
of  conventual  ale,  and  one  pottle  (potelliun)  of  fervants'  ale,  &c.  &c. 

34  E.  III.  Margaret  Haltoft  had  a  corrody  for  life,  two  white  loaves  and  one 
gallon  of  conventual  ale,  &c 


N°  XXXV. 


From  the  Regrder,    fol.  107.  a.  fe. 


S'axacio  .  btmf  tempT  (if  fpirWr  Monajlerii  Croylandie  s'c'd*  quod 
debet  folvere  decimas  Ifno  Regi  juxta  rof  rememof  Regis  in 
^c'cio  10  E.  IV. 


Abbas  de  Croyland  ilt  pro  decima  fua. 

In  dioc'  Eliens'  pro  ecctia  de  Hokyngton,  xxxiiii  s.  viii  d." 
Ecctia  de  Drayton, 
Temporallb', 

In  civ'  Lincoln'  &  pti^s  de  I^yndefey. 
Pro  penc'  in  ecctia  de  Fordyngton, 
IVnc'  in  ecctia  de  Ulceby, 
Penc'  in  ecctia  de  Rathby, 
Teraportb'  ejufd'  abBis, 

In  archid'  London' &  Midd'^temporatb'  abb'  in  s.  11  d".  ob.  Suffia^  ins.  nd.  ot5. 
In  ptitis  de  Kefteven  &  Holland  pro  ecctia  de  Langtoft,  xl  s. 
Lcclia  de  Badon  in  decan'  de  NelTe,  acxvi  s.  vni  d'." 

Penc'  in  vicar' de  Bafton,  n  s. 

•Ecctia  de  Sutterton  in  decan' de  Holland,  Lxxnis.  ivd'. 

Ecclia  de  Whaplode  in  eod'  decan',  vn  t.  vi  s.  vin  3. 


XVI  d. 

\\'ni  t.  XII  s.  xd' 

VI  t.  XVI  s.  xd.J 

II  s.' 

11  s. 

11  S.    VIH  d. 

•  xxxvurs.  icJ.  fie. 

XXXII  S.    lU  cl.. 

Porcone  in  ecctia  de  Gedney  in  eod'  decan',  x  s. 

Penc'  in  vicar'  ejufd',  ivs. 

Penc'  in  ecctia  51  Mictilis  mochor'  in  Stamford,  11  s. 

Pen'  in  ecctia  de  Sapton,  11  d.  q' 

Penc'  in  ecctia  de  Ingoldesby,  vm  d. 

Temportb' ejufd' abhis,                                3x11 1,  vs.  ivd. 


't  xxxviiLxs.  x3.q 


in 


HISTORY    OF    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D 

lib  arcKn'  Leic'  p,  penc'  in  ecclia  de  Beby, 

Penc'  in  ecctia  de  Croxnn, 

In  Beby, 

la  decan'  Leiceftr', 

In  decan'  SpkenhoW, 

In  decan'  Frame.lund, 

In  archn'  North'  p  ecctia  de  Wenlyngburgh, 

Penc'  abbis  in  ead'  ecctia,  iv  s.  viid^.  q". 

Porconetax'fub  noJe  facrifte  Cioyl'ln  cccIia  de  Pokbroke,  iis. 

Temporal*  ejuld'  abbis,  cvi  s.  iii  d.  oB. 

In  ardin'  Winton  p  tempal  abbis  in  Warneburgh.  viii  s. 

In  arcliid'  Norwic'  pro  abbis  (fie).  vs.  Ill  d.  ob.- 


II  s.  VIII  d.] 

viiid. 

xxxviii  s.  Ill  a. 

VI  d. 

XII  d. 

VI  d.  ob. j 

IV  t. 


65 


!-  xLiiis.  viiid.  ob. 


ixl.xvis.xxd.ob.q 


LXl.  XIXS.  Vlld.  ob. - 


Thxac/o  honof  fpiritT  W  tempi'  Croyland  s^c'd^m  quani  abbas  ex 
coffris  fuis  folvere  Ift  dccimas  Regi  quando  ei  concejfe  fiierunt. 


"o 
o. 

'►J 

.2 

w« 
O. 
CU 

E 
w, 

H 


In  decanaiu  Chriftlanitatis  in  Line',  vs. 

de  Neffe  in  Kelleven,   xxxiv  s.  iv  d". 

Staunford, 

Hoyhind, 

Wffordie, 

Beltellowe, 

Avelound, 

In  Loutherk  &  Lutheburgli, 

In  decanatu  de  Calvvath, 

Geyrtre, 

Leyceflr', 

Gafcote, 

Framlond, 

Spkenhow, 

Rotehnd, 

Ecctia  de  Quappelad  tax'  ad 

Porco  decime  in  Gedeney  tax'  ad  v  t. 

Ecctia  de  Sotterton  tax'  ad  lv  marc. 

Ecctia  de  Bafton  tax*  ad  xx  marc. 

Penc'  abbis  in  vicar'  de  Baflon  ad  xx  s. 

Ecctia  de  Langtoft  tax'  ad  xxx  marc. 

"  Itemman'deHokytontax'ad  xviit.  vis.  viiid. 

Ite  man'  de  Cotenham  tax'  ad  xxiit.  xiis.  id. 

Maner'  de  Drayton  tax'  ad      xxvit.  xviii  d.. 

In  decanatu  de  Cantebrig',  ivs. 

Pens'  ecctie  de  Drayton,  i  mai*c. 

Ecctia  de  Hokyton  tax'  ad  xxvi  marc. 


IV  t.   XV  S.    IV  d. 

CLXXVII  t.    VII  S.    X  d". 

LIV  S.    Ill  d. 

LXVI  S.   VIII  d'w 

IX  S. 

viil.  XVI  s.  vd* 

VI  s.  II  d'. 

VII  t.    XIII  S.   VII  d. 

IV  S.   X  d'. . 

XIX  t.   II  S.   IV  d". 

VI  s.- 

X  s. 

XXXI  s.   1  d. 

ex  marc.  . 


j!:J  ^  1^  In  decanatu  de  Wysbech  in  Elm. 


XL  s. 


Inde  in  decima.  vi  d*- 

LXVI  1 1  s.  ob«- 
IX  t.  VI  s.  ob» 
XVII 1.  XIV  s.  IX  d.  ob* 
vs.  V  d.  q»  • 

VI  S.    VIII  d. 

X  d.  ob.  q.  &  di  q. 

XV  s.  VII  d.  ob.  q. 

VII  d".  ob. . 

XV  s.  IV  d.  ob.  q. 

V  d.  ob.  q. 

XXXVIII  s.   Ill  d.  ob.  q. 

VII  d.   q« 

XII  d. 

Ill  S.    I  d.   q. 

VII  t.    VI  s.    VllI  d." 

X  s. . 

LXXIII  f.    IV  d. 

XXVI  s.  vin  d". 
II  s. 
XL  S,  • 
XXXIV  S.    VIII  d. 

XL  VS.  11  d.  ob. 
Lii  s.  id.  ob.  q. 
1/  d.  ob.    q, . 

XXXIV  5.  VIII  d'. 

IV  S. 

Eyne-  . 


66  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

^  C  111  dec'  de  llodiewell  Wendlingburgh  tax'  ad     xxx  t.  L'xi. 

,gl-\                    Jakelleeman'dcMorbunu'adxiLiis.vid.  xxiis.  iri3. 

'g  J                   Leythonllon  in  Thirning,              xLs.  ivs. 

ca  j                    Burgh  in  Pe)kiike,                  xl.  iiis.  xxs.  Hid'.  oB. 

^/                   Hegham  in  Adyngton,          vit.  vnis.  xiis.  ix  d.  oK 

^^(_                   UndelinElmington&;Glapthorn,vs.ii5.  xd.  q. 

A  r  Ecclia  de  \\'endlingburgli  tax' ad          xx  marc.  ivt. 

^<  Penlio  in  vicaria  ejuld'                            iv  s.  viS.  iv  s.  vii  3.  q. 

^  [  I'orcio  dccimar'  in  Pokebrok  tax'  ad            xx  s.  ri  s. 

Loudon'.  In  dccanaiudeBragbyuginStaundcn.xxxiis.  liis.  ii  3.  oU. 

Nioiwych'.  iu  Lcnnc  tempalia  tax' ad              rvMnarc.  vs.  iv  ct. 

.Pens' in  ccclia  de  Foikefvvorth             vis.  ivd.  vii-id; 

Ingoldcby,             vis.  viiid.  viiid'. 

Ratheby,                       ii  marc.  lis.  viii3. 

Ulfeby,                        XX  marc.  us. 

■Forthington,                       xxs.  lis. 

Sajnon,                               11  s.  II 3.  o'&. 

Beby,                              ii  marc.  lis.  viii^. 

CroxtoUj                VIS.  villi.  vind; 


N^  XXXVL 


P/Jta  quo  'warranto^ 

JLITA  de  libertat'ibus  S:  de  quo  warranto  cora  Jolie  de  Tallibiis  &   focHs  fuis 
Jullic'  ap'  Line'  2  Oft.  *  128 1,;  at  which  time  John  de  Vallibus  was  an  itine- 


rant iullice. 

The  r.bbot  claimed  a  view  of  frankpledge  and  fines  of  the  afllfe  of  ale  of  his  tenants 
in  Cruyland,  Spalding,  Whaplode,  Holbtach,  Swlnefhcad,  Sutterton,  Pinchbeck, 
Langioft,  Waflon,  Thetford,  Wourihorp,  Donndyk,  V/okenhale,  Halynton,  Clax- 
by,  and  Frellon.  Werj  . .  .  .  in  his  lands  in  Croyland,  Langtoft,  and  Watton  :  a 
-weekly  market  in  Croyland  every  Wednefday,  by  grant  of  Henry  III.  a.  r.  41.  a 
yearly  fair  for  eight  days  before  Bartholomew  tide  and  eight  days  after  it,  by 
"rant  of  Henry  111.  a.  r.  41.  A  weekly  market  in  hij  manor  of  Wefton  ou 
Thurfday  ;  and  a  five  davs  iair  on  the  vigil  and  day  of  St.  John  Baptifl  and  three 
days  following.  A  weekly  market  on  Saturday  at  Whaplode,  and  a  fair  on  the 
vigil  and  day  of  the  afTumpiion  of  the  Blcfied  Virgin  and  fix  days  after,  by  graflt 
,£)i  .Henry  III.  a.  r.  ^9.     Frecwarren  in  all  his  lands  aboYenientioned,  39  H.  HI. 

*  See  'I  tin.  9  E.  I. 

with 


II  I  S  T  O  R  Y     O  F    C  R  O  Y  LA  W  D.     '  67. 

with  exemption  from  all  fiiits  of  court,  wapentake  and  tytliing,  murder,  common 
fine,  flieriffs  aid,  view  of  frank  pledge,  all  tolls  and  royal  loans ;  alfo  toll  and  thceni 
and  infangcnthef :  alfo  gallows  in  his  manor  of  Croylmd  for  the  towns  of  Sial- 
ding,  Whaplode,  Holbeach,  Swlnelhead,  Sutterron  Tinchbeck,  and  Donnedykj 
and  in  his  manor  of  Waftoii  for  the  towns  of  Langtoft,  Thetford,  and  Wourthorp. 
He  claimed  alfo  fines  of  the  aflize  of  ale  of  his  tenants  in  Lcylthorp,  Kyrkeby, 
and  Burton.  This  lad  claim  was  confirmed  by  jnry,  before  Gilbert  de  Thornton, 
king's  attorney,  1281,  S  E.  K  whereby  it  appeared  that  Henry  de  Longchamp, 
probably  nephew  to  the  abbot  of  that  name,  took  his  fines  of  the  tenants  in  Burton. 

Fol.  30.  b.     Proclamacio  nundinarum  Croyland. 

Afla  fup  jurifdi(flione  quafi  archidiaconali  fup  parochlanos  Croyland.     fol.  38.  b. 

"  Univerfis  see  mris  eccte  filiis  ad  quos  prefentes  Ire  pvenerint  Otfic*  dici  Cardinal' 
Andonii  Magolenenl'  Line'  archi  fal'."  Complaining  that  the  religious  of  Croyland 
ufurped  archdiaconal  jurifdi6lion  in  the  precinfts  ot  the  abbey.  Dared  at  Lang- 
toft, 18  cal.  Oft.  1357.    This  archdeacon  is  omitted  by  Le  Neve  and  Willis. 

Quod  abbas  de  Croyland  non  tenetur  auxiliari  regem  Anglie  ad  filiam  fuam  primo- 
genitam  maritandum  nee  ad  filium  fuum  priraog'  militem  faciend'. 

In  rot'  examinat'  in  Line'  int'  deblta  extrafta  de  anno    13  E.  111. 

"  Abbas  de  Croyland  deb'  imh  lis.  vi  d.  de  aux*  ad  primogenit'  fil'  r.  E.  fil' 
r.  Henr'  maritand'  heut  continetur  ibid'  &  in  rot'  xviii.  fet  non  deb'  inde  fum'  p 
breve  r.  alloc'  eid'  abb'  in  rot'  xxvi.  in  itin'  Line'  &  p  confider'  baronum  annot* 
ibid'.      Et  quietus  etl." 

In  mag'  rot'  de  anno  xxvi.  in  itin'  Line'. 

"  Abbas  de  Croyland  deBt  iv  1.  11  5.  vi  3.  de  aux'  regi  ad  primog'  filium  fuum  mil' 
fac'  concefs'  anno  xx  pro  11  feodis  Sz  tV  "U*  feodi  mil'  in  Langtoft  <k  Wyiham 
ficnt  contin'  in  rot'  princ'  fet  non  detnr  inde  fummoniri  p  breve  regis  irrot'  in  nie- 
mott'  de  a'  xxvi"  term'  Mich'  &  p  proceflum  inde  habitum  &  confideracoem  baronvi 
cunftorum  in  memod''  ex  pre  rememor'  R.  de  hoc  a°  term'  Trinit'.  Et  quietus  eft.'' 
fol.  66.  67. 

Then  follows  the  record  fetting  forth  by  the  king  to  the  barons  of  the  Exche- 
quer, that  the  abbot  had  fliewn  that  though  they  held  their  eflares  in  Langtoft, 
Wytham,  and  Bokenhale,  in  the  county  of  Lincoln,  "  in  puram  &  ppetuam  elee- 
mofynam,"  they  were  always  free  from  the  above  aids ;  however,  they  had  been  af- 
fefled  by  the  eoUedors,  as  if  they  held  them  by  military  tenure,  therefore  to  examine 
it,  and  that  afterwards  came  the  abbot  with  Henry  de  Irtlyngburgh,  his  commoign 
and  attorney,  to  complain  of  the  charge. 


K" 


6S  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

N°  XXXVII. 

From  the  Abbey  Regirter. 


Placitum  hit''  Johannem  abb'  de  Croyland  (sf  villaf  de  Spaldyng 
de  pifcaria  ^  recuperatione  in  Croyland  fen  ^  Goukejlimd 
^  traf  ap'  Lincoln. 

"ENRICUS,  Dei  gfa,  &c.  vie'  Line'  LV.  Si  abb'  de  Croyland  fecerit  te  fe- 
_  curum  de  clam'  fuo  pft  tunc  pone  p  vad'  &  falvos  pleg'  JoHem  liankes  de 
Couiiyt  ill  com'  tuo  webfler,  Robt  Homer  de  Coubyt  fiilier,  Jotien  Homer  de 
Coubyt,  fen'  &  jun',  fyfliers.  Thorn'  Othe  Croffe  de  Coubyt,  flaxman,  Hugoiie 
Croffe  de  Coubyt,  fyfher,  Nicli'  Flakater  de  Pykale,  hoteman,  Rob'  Betfon  de  Py- 
kalc,  fyfher,  Rob'  I'inder  de  Pykale,  fyilier,  Jotiin  Shar^  e  de  Pyk.le,  fyfher.  Job' 
Flakctcr  dc  Pykale,  boteman,  &  Hen'  Herry  de  PvKale  in  com'  tuo,  f\ flier,  qd 
fint  coram  juftie'  iiris  ap'  Weflra'  a  die  Sci  Job'  Bapte  in  xv  dies  oflens'  quare  vi 
&  armis  in  fcpali  pifcaria  ipfius  abbis  apud  Croyland  pifcati  fuerunt  &  in  iolo  fuo 
ibdm  foderunt,  &  pilcem  de  pifcaria  pdca,  necnon  alia  bona  &  camlla  fua  ad  valen- 
ciam  X'L  libr'  ibm  invenra  ccperunt  h  afportaverunt,  &c  alia  enormia  ei  intulerunt  ad 
grave  dampnu  ipfius  a^Bis  &  contra  pacem  nra.  Et  lieasibi  hoc  breve.  T.  meipfo 
ap'  Wtlbii'  12  Jun.  a.  r.  nri  lo. 

"  Pleg'  de  pit  Jobes  Fox.  Moriter. 

Ricus  Doo. 

Refpouf  Rob'  Roos,  tIc'  Line'. 
Jobes  Hankes  &  ceteri  defendt  infrafcr'  nichil  hab'  in  balllva  mea  p  qd  poffint  attach. 

The  proceedings  lo  H.  VL  (too  long  to  recite  here)  fet  forth,  that  May  12, 
that  year,  they  came  armed  with  fwords,  (ticks,  bows  and  arrows,  and  fillied  in 
the  abboi's  feparate  pond,  out  of  which  they  took  1000  dentrices,  1000  tencas,  1000 
Toclnas,  10,000  ang:iillar\  and  carried  off  tlie  nets  and  other  engines  (ingcn'ui)  for 
catching  fifh  and  fowl,  together  with  600  dead  geefe  (auches)  and  gulls  (incrgos), 
to  the  amount  of  100  1.  damages.  A  fpecial  jury  Were  fummoned  the  following 
year,  and  the  Iberiff  had  orders  to  fine  them,  and  fecure  them  for  their  default  in 
not  appearing,  and  they  were  all  fent  to  the  Flete  prifon  in  London,  but  the  king 
granted  a  proteftion  to  Hugh  CrolTe  of  Cowbyt,  ats  H.  C.  of  Spalding,  who  was 
then  in  Picardy  wich  his  uncle  Humfrey  duke  of  Glocefter.     Croyl.  fob  77.  b. 

ProcefTus  de  recupacoe  tre  qdm  Johis  Vcyfey  extra  manu  regis  anno  Jolils 
abbis  7%  II  Hen.  VL 

John  Veyfey  and  his  wife  Cecily,  having  a.fon  a  monk  here,  gave  to  the  abbey  a 
meffiiage  and  eight  acres  in  Holbech,  which  the  abbot  complained  he  was  oufted  of  by 
Thomas  Enderby  ot  Bagenderby,  John  Curteys  perpetual  vicar  of  Holbeach,  &c. 
vvho  had  formerly  given  it  to  abbot  John  Overton,  and  Henry  V.  a.  r.  2.  had  par- 
doned all  donations  &c.     fob  71.  79. 

Ac- 


H  I  S  T  O  Pv  Y    O  F     C  11  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  6) 

Acquittance,  8  E.  III.  by  Henry  abbot  of  Croyland  to  Hugh  de  Northburgh, 
2"]  folidatar'  and  8  denarraf  rent,  and  a  payment  of  nine  hens  in  Helpfton  and 
ail  acre  and  rood  of  meadow  in  Michelmedewe  in  confiJeration  of  20  marcs  by 
him  given  to  the  mafter  of  tlie  works  at  Croyland,  becaufe  the  damefnc  of  Tor- 
pel,  of  whofe  fee  the  faid  tenements  were,  was  to  the  abbey  "  nimis  durum  & 
gravans  p  oppreffiones  nimias,"  and  all  the  deeds  and  writings  touching  Help- 
Son,  found  in  the  prefs  {armarialum)  at  Croyland,  among  which  was  one  of  5  s. 
yearly  rent  for  pittances  at  Croyland,  and  one  touching  the  meadow,  viz  one  acre 
and  one  rood  in  Mikelraede,  near  Bernak  meadow,  were  given  up  to  Hugh  de 
Northburg  for  the  confideration  of  the  abbot's  counfel  Walter  de  Sondeby,  Ha- 
fculph  de  Whitewcll,  ^c. 

The  fame  year  the  abbot  recovered  a  melTuage  and  five  acres  in  Croyland  of  the 
faid  Hugh. 


to' 


N°  XXX VIII. 

THOMAS  Wake  lord  of  Liddel,  wanting  to  have  Gogeflound  fen  from  Croyland 
and  all  the  other  fens  appropriated  and  united  to  him,  and  to  be  called  by  the 
general  name  of  Deeping  fen,  "  accoem  iflam  tranfgreffionis  pifcacois  infra  limites 
marifci  de  Gogifland  fadte  p  abbem  de  Croyhmd  &  alios  villanos  de  Cropland  ut 
ponebat  fup  eos  fafte  in  marifco  fuo  de  Depinge,  h  fic  intcndens  p  falfam  querelam 
fuam  in  accoe  ifta  convincere,"  would  not  move  that  accommodation  in  this  countv, 
"  nee  in  patria  ifta,"  where  right  would  have  been  done.  All  the  jury  who  deter- 
mined the  matter  by  a  falfe,  unjuft,  and  (exhcreditaria)  difinheriting  prefentation 
came  to  violent  ends,  by  palfv,  dropfy,  madnefs,  phrenfy,  lofs  of  limbs,  or  other 
difeafes  and  misfortunes,  and  the  foreman,  who  returned  the  verdi<5>,  had  his 
tongue  fwoln  fo  by  it  that  he  could  not  get  it  back  into  his  mouth,  but  came  to  a 
Ihameful  end.  . 

The  abbot  and  convent  were  fined  for  fifliing  in  Thomas  Wake's  pond  in  Eaft 
Deping,  and  breaking  down  his  dyke,    17  II.  IV. 

The  abbot  pleaded  he  was  lord  of  the  manor  wherein  the  place  lay  where  the 
trefpafs  was  committed,  the  dyke  being  in  Goukeflound,  the  foil  whereof  belonged 
to  the  abbot,  but  Thomas  had  removed  it,  and  by  altering  the  watercourfe  near- 
ly drowned  the  abbey.  18  E.  HI.  the  monks  were  acquitted,  and  Thomas  in  mife- 
ricordia  regis  :  but  flill  the  profccution  went  on  agalnfl;  the  abbot  and  his  aflif- 
tants,  v;ho  broke  up  the  bank,  for  uhich  he  was  fined  zjO  marks,  which  were 
paid  at  Ipfwich  in  Hilary  term,  a.  r.  19,  and  greater  damages  afterwards,  fob  85,  86. 

Abbot  Henry  petitioned  Blanche,  the  dowager  lady  Wake,  28  E.  III.  "  A  ma 
dame  Wak  prie  I'abbe  de  Croyland  des  durcftes  que  votz  tenants  &  fervaunts  ont 
fet  en  nom  de  vous  lequel  nous,  ne  entend»ms  poynt  qc  vous  voilietz  accorJer  de 
fere  nule  difheritaunce  dcvers  nous,  laquelc  ma  dame  ceo  ferreyt  en  per}'l  de  votre  alme 
fe  vous  fclflez  nule  difheritaunce  a  feynie  eglife,  cu  de  fere  nous  defpendre  le  nre 
fans  refon,  &c."  defiring  that  her  fervants  would  not  dillurb  their  fifhing  in  We- 
land  from  Kenulpliftcn  to  Brotherhous,  nor  their  cattle  in  their  precinfts,  and  let 
them  take  fand  and  clay  to  mend  their  houfes,  &c.     fol.  86.  b. 

/  2  Hugh 


70  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

Hu?h  de  Wake  was  fiimmoned  to  anfwer  to  the  abbot  of  Cioylnnd  and  prior 
of  Spalding,  by  what  rigiit  he  pounded  ftrangers' cattle  (averia  forinfeca)  in  the  mar- 
fhos  of  Spalding,  Pinchbek,  Dcpyng,  l.angtoft,  Bafton,  which  had  no  right  of 
Common.  It  was  agreed  tliat  he  (hould  pound  ilrange  flieep,  and  he  allowed  them 
for  their  flieep  :  temp.  E.  II!.     fol.  86,  87. 

In  the  fame  reign  the  prior  of  Spalding  and  the  king,  who  had  the  wardfhip  of 
Tnomas  Wake,  fon  and  heir  of  Sir  John,  iacd  tlie  abbot  for  invading  the  rights 
of  Wake,  "  d'un  profit  prendre  appelle  travers,"  in  Deping  fen,  beating  the  king's 
fervanr,  one  William  Vv'r.rren ;  to  which  the  abbot  appeared  in  perfon,  and  faid 
he  riaiaied  no;hing  in  that  ten  but  right  of  common. 

See  the  difpuce  between  the  lords  of  Deping  and  the  abbots  of  Croyland.  Dug- 
dale's  Imbanking,   191 — 4 — 5. 


N*^  XXXIX. 

Sreue  Uni  Regis  pro  Abbate  Croyland  contra  Un'm  I'bd'  Wake  ^ 
alios  de  diverJJs  iranfgrejftombus  audiencis  ^  terminandis. 

Tranfcribed  by  Mr.  Cole  from  the  Spalding  Regifler. 

EDWARDUS  Dei  gra,  S;c.  dileftis  &  ndelir)s  fuis  Willmo  de  Roos  de  Ham- 
lak,  Jrihnl  de  Cauntebrig',  Johi  de  Schardelow,  &  Petro  de  Ludington,  fai'. 
Fx  gravi  querela  aMiis  dc  Croyland  acccpimus  qd  ipfe  habet  ipfeq.  &  pdeceffores 
fuos  abties  loci  pdci  in  tempe  quo  non  extat  memoria  femp'  hafienus  habere  confue- 
verunt  qiiandam  feriam  ap'  Croyland  fingulis  annis  p  decern  &  feptem  dies  duratu- 
ram,  viz.  p  vin  dies  ante  fm  Sci  Bartholomei  apli  &  in  eod'  ftflo  p  viii  dies  ^x' 
fequenteS;  cum  oibs  ii^btatib'S;  libis  confue'.uJ'  ad  hare  feriam  fpediantib'  Tho'  Wake 
de  Lydei;  Hugo  atte  Grype,  Johes  Tholy,  Galfrid'  Bettes  de  Eft  Deping,  Ricus 
Toller  de  Efle  Deping,  Nictius  Goudelak  de  Efle  Deping,  Wilfus  atte  Gildehalle, 
Gajfr'  atte  Gildehalle,  Galfr'  Kyng,  llads  Gerondjn  de  Eite  Deping,  Johes  Kyng 
de  Stowe,  Wilis  Drynkewater  de  Bergham,  Johes  Hervey  de  Bergham,  Wills  Wy- 
ting  de  Wefle  Deping,  Jolies  Snowe  de  Efle  Depyng,  Wilts  Guthhik,  Tho'  Tyr- 
nyng,  Iho'  fil'  Willi  Herrilone  de  Lfte  Depinge,  RoKs  de  Griicdale  de  Wefte 
Depyng,  Ricus  Cor.fone  de  Elie  Depynge,  Johes  Coufeld,  Radiis  Attehalie  de  Efte 
Depyng,  Jches  Kede,  Gaifr'  Bidel  de  Efle  Deping,  Nichus  de  Hirtlynburgh  de 
E(fe  Depyng,  Gulfrid  del  Wanden  de  Eife  Depinge,  Galfr'  Carter  de  Wefte  De- 
pyng, Willus  Bele  de  Efle  Deping,  Johannes  Barfot  de  Eiie  Depyng,  llobertus 
Kcntingde  Offington,  Jolies  Preft  de  Brune,  Baldewynus  de  la  Chaumbre,  &  Willi 

Lvmpyn  de  Stowe,  ac  quidam  alii   malefaftores  &:  pacis  nre   perturbatores,  armata 
■'        ■        1  i-i . -ii ,1^   r^ ,1 — J   1 ~r.^ „trfc „.,».^,;.-..i« 


potencia  ad  dcam  villam  de  Croyland  nuper  accedentes  pfatum  aWcm   qnonunus 
ipfc  feviam  fuam  ibid'  p  baillos  fuos  habere  &   tenere  Sc  teloni 


ium  Sc  alia  pficua 
ipfum 


HISTORY    OF     C  11  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  yr 

ipfum  abbatem  ratione  fcrie  fiie  pdce  fpeflantia  coUigere  &  pcipe  potiilt  arniis 
impeclivenint  &  in  ipfns  baillivos  ea  qus  ad  ofTicia  fua  ptinuerunt  in  feria  ndca 
exercentes  ac  alios  Loics  8c  fcrvicntcs  cjufd'  abtiis  iBd'  iufultum  fccerunt  &  ipfos 
verberaverunt,  vulneraverunf,  6c  male  tradtaverunr,  ji  qd  id'  ab'Bas  fervicium  bail- 
livor'  hoiam  &  fervicnc*  fuor'  pdcor'  p  magnum  to  <,pus  amilit  &  [ificua  de  tclonio 
&;  aliis  conluetudiub;  p  baillivos  pdcos  coUeda  ac  alia  ad  ipfuni  alrbem  riicione 
ferie  fue  pdce  pnnentia  ad  valorem  quingentar'  libiar'  ibid'  inventa  cennnt  & 
afportaverunt  &  qniplurihus  mercatorib'  cum  icb'  &  mercantiTis  in  e;:d'  feria  ex- 
itlentibus  cauGi  acceffus  fui  ibid'  de  vita  &  membris  oravitcr  ccninilnati  fuerunt 
&  in  quofdam  niercator'  illor'  ca  de  caiifa  ibid'  infuitum  fccerunr  h  ipf,,-s  ver- 
beraverunt, See.  &  complurimis  aliis  mercatoribus  in  vtnicndo  verlus  fcriam 
pdcam,  &c.  in  tantum  commiii  ,ti  fuerunt  qd  tarn  mercatorcs  ad  fcriam  venienres  & 
venire  volentes  quam  mcrcatores  in  feria  exiftentes  fe  a  feria  il1:a  cum  bonis  &  mer- 
candifis  fiiis  pdcis  rctraxerunt  &  omnino  eloiigarunt  p  qd  id'  abb;;s  ,.pficuum  ferie  fue 
pdce  ad  valcnciam  fexcentar'  librar'  totalirer  amifit  &:  herbam  8c  cirpos  ipfius  aK'is 
in  marifcis  fuis  apud  L  ngetofr,  Barton,  Pyncebek,  &  Spalding,  nupcr  crefcenres 
falcaveriinr,  Sc  in  foio  fuo  ibid'  foderunt,  &:  turbas  inde  ^jjecfas  nccnon  fenum  de  herba 
pdca  pveniens  ac  cirpos  pdcos  r.d  valenciam  quingentarum  librarum  cepunt  &  afpor- 
taverunt, &  turbas  ad  valenc'  centum  librar'  foffas  k.  ibid'  inventas  in  minutas  par- 
tes fregerunt,  &  eas  in  fov-asibid'  a  quib'  projec^e  fuerunt  malitiofe  rejecerunr,  con-, 
culcaverunr,  &  confumpferunt,  &  ciauruni  h  domos  ipfius  abbis  ap'  dcim  villam  de 
Baflon  fregerunt  &  decem  equos  fuos  pcii  xii  lib'  ibid'  inventos  cepunt  &  abduxe- 
runt,  &  XL  equos,  cxx  boves,  ccc  vaccas,  &  mmm  ovium,  ipfius  a&bis  ap'  dcas 
villas  de  Croyland,  Langetofr,  Badon,  Pyncebek,  &  Spalding,  inventa  cepunt,  & 
ea  abinde  ufq.  Weft  Depyng  fugaverunt  &  ibid'  impcaverunt,  &  ea  fie  impcata 
quoufq,  idem  abbas  fines  p  divfas  pecuniar'  fummas  ufq^  ad  fummam  d  lib'  p 
deliberacoibs  cquorum,  bourn,  vaccar'  &  ovium  pdcorum  p  divfas  vices  cum  pre- 
fatis  Jotle,  &c.  &  aliis  malefadtoribus  pdcis  fecillet,  deiiduerunt ;  &  in  hoies  & 
fervicntej  ipfius  abrbis  ap'  dcam  villam  de  Langetofc  inlulium  fecerunt,  8rc.  Et 
quia  tranfgreffioaes  illas  fi  ppctrate  fuerunt  relinquere  nolumus  impunitas  affignavi- 
mus  vos  tres  &  duos  vruin  juflic'  nror'  ad  inquirend',  &c.  &c.  Tefle  mcipfj  ap'' 
Wodcflok  XII  die  Maii,  a.  r.  fexto. 

In  the  faid  regifler  is  a  curious  compofition  of  fraternity  between  the  convents  of 
Croyland  and  Spalding,  entered  into  1332,  whereby  they  agreed  that  eacii  fijould 
enjoy  the  benefit  of  tlie  other's  devotion  and  good  works,  and  to  help  and  aflift 
each  other  mutually  a^uinfl  their  common  adverfaries.  Accordingly  the  Dcepingers 
attacking  Croyland  abbey  in  the  laft  illnefs  of  abbot  Afheby,  as  before  related  p.  38. 
John  III.  prior  of  Spalding  came  to  his  relief,  and  took  Simon  Gildarda  of  Hot- 
land,  who  had  killed  a  man  there  in  a  riot  and  fled  from  juftice,  and  been  ihel- 
tered  at  Deeping,  as  an  ouil.nw,  being  lamed  in  the  leg  by  an  arrow  in  the  town 
of  Croyland  ;  he  was  called  into  court  and  beheaded  one  Sunday  morning  at  nine 
o'clock.     Minding  MS.  Ledger,  f.  17R.     Cont.  Ilitl.  Croy.  489. 

is: 


72  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

N°  XL. 

From  Croyland  Regifter. 

WRIT  of  E.  III.  to  the  Exchequer,  "  De  abBede  Croyland  exonerando  de  nona 
qd  venditores  &  affelTores  nonegarbar'  veller'  &  agnor',''  lately  granted  by 
the  clergy,  befides  the  triennial  and  annual  tenths  had  affefled  him  as  holding  by 
barony,  and  the  (heriff  of  Lincoln  had  diflraincd  tor  the  following  fums  on  ac- 
count of  his  temporalities :   14  E.  III. 

Gedney,  xxxvi  s.  xS.     18  E.  III.  Claxby,  xxis.  iv  S. 

Holbech,  xxxixs.  xcl.  County  of  Cambridge. 

Whaplode,  vii  1. Dry  Drayton,  cv  s. 

Sutterton,  lis.  xid". Hokyton,  liis. 

18   E.  III.  I,angtoft,  IV 1. Cotenham,  xlvs. 

■ Ballon,  XXX  s.  County  of  Huntingdon. 

• Gretford,  xxii  3.     Folkefworth,     xxvis.  viiid'. 

Halyngton,  xxiis. 


On  fearching  the  rolls,  it  was  found  that  in  the  Taxatio  teinporal'  20  E.  I.  the  ab- 
bot's temporalities  in  the  deanry  of  Holand  amounted  to  cLxxviit.  vii's.  x  3.  of 
Nefs  xxxivt.  IV  a.  of  Luthellc  and  Luthburgh  vii  1.  xviis.  v  &.  of  Callefwath 
VIS.  Ill  cl.  in  Hokyton  XVII 1.  VI  s.  VIII  cl.  Cotenham  xxii  1.  xii  s.  id.  Dry  Dray- 
ton xxvi  t.  XVIII  s.  and  in  Jakefley  deanry  in   IVlorburn  xil.   us.  vi  d" 

A  writ,  21  E.  III.  therefore  iffued  to  the  fheriff,  not  to  diltrain  the  abbot  for  the 
Nones  as  he  had  paid  xxii  1.  xvii  s.  vii  S. 

Another  to  the  biiliops  of  Ely  and  Lincoln,  to  fuperfede  all  demands  on  the  ab- 
bot for  the  tax  on  wool  (demanda  lanar'),  and  to  take  off  all  excommunication,  if 
anv,  laid  for  non-payment,  on  account  of  the  diftreflcd  flate  of  his  lioufe.  13  E.  I. 
His  proportion  was  two  facks,  five  Hone,  five  lb.  for  -j'-^  of  his  effefls  in  Ely  dio- 
cefe,  and  eight  facks,  nineteen  flone,  ten  lb.   in  Lincoln  diocefe.       fol.  105,   106. 

Telle  Edwardo  duc;£  Cornubie  &  com'  Cellr'  filio  iiro  Emo  cuftode  Anglise  ap' 
Langleye. 

N°  XLI. 

Chapter  acis  at  Croyland^   1327,   under  Abbot  Henry. 

From  the  Abbey  Regifler. 

l^e  terra  fervili  Uber'is  bominibus  non  tradenda. 

CUM  ccctia  Tira  Croiland  dampna  non  modlca   fuftinuerit   ex  eo   qd   hat^cnus 
pmill'um  ell  libcris  hoibs  feu  alior'  nativis  tras  iiras  ferviles  five  cultumar'  con- 
funiare  in  cur'  nris  ac  eclam  ex  eo  qd  pmilfum  eft  nativas  liris  libes  hoibs  five  alior' 

fervis 


HISTORY    OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  73 

fervis  cum  tra  nra  feivili  defponfari.  Quidam  fiquidem  ^pccfTu  tporis  clamavcrunt 
fe  in  difiisl'ris  habere  liberum  ten'  nos  cciara  int'  cetera  dampna  conioduin  multiplex 
qd  dni  folct  de  exitu  nativar'  fuar'  pcipere  ea  occoe  tVequeni'  pdiderinnis  ne  fututis 
tpbs  indc  contigat  dcterius,  de  coi  allcnfu  capitiili  nri  ordinan/  &:  confli'uim',  iii- 
hibeatcs  ne  amodo  quifquam  liber  liomo  vel  aliquis  qui  non  fit  nativus  ccctie  Tire 
pdce  capiat  in  cur'  feu  extra  cur'  p  fe  &  heredes  fuos  tras  liras  ferviles  nee  hnjuf- 
modi  tia;  p  aliquam  nativar'  nrar'  fibi  ex  nunc  defponfandsm  tencit  feu  pcijiiat 
fcdm  conluetudinem  raaneriorum  prius  pmiiTam  tcnenda?.  De  tris  fcrvililu"? 
dimiflis  ante  banc  nra  ordinacoem  aliis  qni  iervis  nris  crdinam''  qd  qra  cicius  comode 
ridere  potuerunt  ecctie  nre  rcvertanr'  in  forma  nunc  ordinata  ultius  teiiend'  nee  vo- 
lumus  qd  nd  fines  feu  comod'  pecuniar'  que  extaii  gerfumar'  pmiOione  ante  cftiam 
ordinacoem  pvenire  folet  ex  nunc  refpiciatur  ad  terminum  tamen  quinque  ann^r' 
vel  fex  annor'  &  non  ulterlus  rotulis  cur'  nre  inferendis  omni  uiodo  toJeramus  hi 
tras  libis  hoibs  poffe  dimitti.  Ordinamus  infnp  qd  tra  iira  Bonda  opabit  nobis  non 
pciat'  ex  licentia  cur' ad  manus  duor'  vel  pluriam  tenencium  bondor*  iirum  J)pter  nut^ 
Ix  (jue  ha<flen''  tam  illis  qin  nobis  evenerunr.  Precipientes  fenefcallis  niis  qd  hsc  a 
nobis  ordinata  &  ftatuta  ex  nunc  in  futurnm  oi'Bs  maneriis  liris  obferventur  &  per 
rotulos  cur' firar' ad  ppetuam  rei  memoriam  reducantur.     fol.  113.  a. 


De  exonernc'o'e  officii  op'iim  ab  operibus  ex  p'ie  Abb's. 

MEMORAND'  qd  26  die  menfis  Mtircij,  A.  D.  1327,  de  communi  confillo  & 
confenfu  Henrici  abb'  8c  tot'  covs  in  pleno  capit'  ordin'  efl  q  1  licet  niagr  opis- 
ab  olim  tenet'  ledm  antiquam  confuetud'  ecctia  conventual'  &  01a  edtficia  intra  fepta- 
monasti,  paucis  edificiis  ficut  scptu  eft  in  rot'  confuetudinum  exceptis,  fuftentare, 
quia  tam'  crelentib'  jam  amplius  folito  edificiis  potencia  officii  fui  ad  tot  &  tarn 
ruiiiofa  non  fe  extendit,  diis  abbas  onus  huj'  fullentacois  ex  nunc  in  pte  prout  fe- 
quitur  fupportabit.  Ordinal'  efl  qd  d^  coi  confenfu  tocl''  capitli  qd  magr  cpis 
teneat'  ex  nunc  domes  &  edificia  infra  septa  in  pietibs,  teftis,  teneflris,  vitro,  olhis, 
&  ungulis  guteris  ncciis  cum  pipis  ptinentBs  scdm  antiquam  confuetud'  fuftentare, 
viz.  eccliam  conventualem  inregre  &  in  oibs.  Item  reveftiarlnm  fub  &  fupra  cu 
vitreis  ejus  &  ofti  extiori  necnon  &  camerain  facrifte  fup  vefliarium  pdcm  quatenus 
neceffe  fueiit  ptquam  in  vitreis  &  oftiis.  It'  claullrum  fub  &  lup.  It'  dormitorium 
fub  &  fup  cum  guteris  &  j)ipis  ptbs  ibid'  necciis  &  oes  domos  dco  dormitorio 
contiguaras  ten'  fuftentare  tam  fub  quam  fup.  It'  oes  domos,  edificia,  c-ipellas, 
pendicia,  &  camina  in  infirmaria,  gutteras  oes  cum  pipis  ibid'  ptin'  necefl'arias,  nec- 
non  &  cetera  neccia  oia  ficut  juxta  confuet'  antiq'  folet  in  ead'  lulrentare.  It'  oes  do- 
mos &  edificia,  pendencia  &  camina,  &c.  ad  hoftilar'  fpc<5>antia  quaten'  live  fuprd' 
nece  fuerit  scdm  qd  confuetum  eft.  It'  oftiuni  de  parlitorio  mandati  ^x'  ciauitro 
&  duo  oliia  de  parlitoriocelerarii.  It'  feruras  oes  quar' ipfe  habet  claves,.  It'aque- 
duftuin  ad  hivator'  convent'  &  in  coqiiina  eord'.  It'  id'  magr  opisoia  alia  &  fingla* 
ex  pte  convent'  p  ipfum  msgr  opis  fuilentari  feu  ad  opus  convent'  invenki  conlaeta. 
ab  aniiqno  fuftentabit  &  inveniet. 


;4  APPENDIX         T     «         T     II     E 

iVbbas  vcro  ficut  magr  opis  ruflentarc  folebat  ex  confuetud*  fiiflentare  tenet'  ex 
nunc  coquinu  coc'm  ali'Bis  h  covent' cum  guccera  ex  pre  orientali  dee  coquine  verfiis 
hoiLilai'  &.  duinum  vocat'  le  dreHbur  dee  coquine  annex'.  It'  oia  edificia  infra  ab- 
baciam  fituata  ex  p':e  ilia  que  Sv  abtiis  fuflentare  tenet'  in  j^tinentib'  te£lo,  feneftris, 
vitro,  oftiis  &:  fiiigulis  gutteris  cum  pipis  ptin'  que  oia  magr  opis  fuflentare  con- 
fucvit. 

Pro  bac  quidcm  magri  opis  exonacoe  &  ipfius  oneris  afTumoje  concefTum  efl  qd 
abBilint  ex  nunc  rclaxata  oia  ilia  corrodia,  libacoes,  refeccones  &  jentaculaque  mgr 
opis  a.i  opus  oparior'  llior'  quorumcunq,  quibuTcuq,  tepaliBs  feu  diebs  tarn  pnclpa- 
libi  quam  aliis  pcipere  confujvit  de  eelario,  coquina  abtjis,  five  in  aula  iplius  abtiis, 
excepto  qd  dcs  magr  opis  cotidie  pcipiet  unum  galonem  cervifie  vocat'  IMakejufte 
five  Noenflienke.  Et  id*  magr  opis  pcipiet  integraliter  oTa  alia  a  fupdcis  abBi  ut 
pmittit'  relaxatis  ad  fuum  officium  fpeftancia  ficut  olim  pcipe  confuevit  quatenus 
levari  poterunt  &  haberi.     fol.  1 13. 

This  is  one  of  the  mofl:  curious  monaftic  records  that  we  remember  to  have  met 
with. 

By  another  aft  of  chapter  the  faid  abbot  Henry  grants  to  the  mafler  of  the 
works,  in  coiifideration  of  the  deficiency  ot  the  revenues  appropriaied  to  his  office, 
and  that  former  mafters,  under  colour  of  making  provifion  of  things  neceffary  to 
their  oflice,  have  gone  frequently  to  the  manors  of  Langtoft  and  Tefted,  and  loaded 
them  with  expences,  to  their  great  damage,  grants  to  the  faid  officer  a  meffuage 
with  the  rooms  over  it,  and  a  croft  with  17  acres  and  half  a  rood  of  arable,  and  two 
acres  and  three  roods  of  meadow  in  the  faid  manor  of  Langtoft.     fob  i  13. 

A  precipe,  indorfed  "  Pro  magro  opis,"  to  the  (lieriff  of  Lincclndiire  to  caufe 
divers  perfons  therein  named  to  reflore  to  Henry  abbot  of  Croyland  a  meffuage 
in  Lekeburn,   13  E.  I.     fol.  120. 

44  E.  111.  'Ihomas  abbot  of  Crovland,  by  John  de  Poynton,  his  atorney,  fued 
fcveral  perfons  in  Lakebourn,  of  which  the  jury  returned  that  abbot  Edward  t.  H... 
was  feized  of  it,  and  abbot  Richard  diffeifed  of  it  t.  E.  H.  and  accordingly  the  ab- 
bot was  reindatcd. 

Abbot  Pvichard  was  fummoned  into  the  duke  of  Lancafler's  court  at  Boling- 
broke,  to  do  fuit  for  his  lands  in  Eokynhale,  again  at  Belchford  for  lands  in  Halyng- 
lon  and  Gerynthorp,  and  fined  for  negleft  of  appearance  :  he  appeared  at  Boling- 
broke  6  H.  V.  and  proved  grants  of  thefe  lands  by  king  Edred  to  Turketyl,  con- 
firmed by  letters  patents  of  H.  IV.  in  and  perpetual  alms  free  of  all  fervice, 
from  which  the  abbw  was  accordingly  difcharged.     fol.  121. 

45  E.  III.  An  indictment  for  ftcaling  nets  and  fidi  value  xls.  "  infra  claufum 
iim  Johis  de  Spaldyng  cofiner  de  Croyland,"  33  E.  III. 

45  E.  HI.  VVilliam  de  Thorp,  fon  of  Sir  V/illiam  dc  Thorp,  fued  Thomas  ab- 
bot of  Croyland,  &;c.  for  forcibly  taking  his  goods  at  Peykirk,  to  the  value  of  xl. 

1:552.  Compofition  between  John  (Uyuwell)  bifliop  of  Lincoln  and  the  abbot 
and  convent  of  Croyland,  concerning  tithes  of  23  acres  of  land  in  Chcrchering- 
croft  and  Thurgcroft,  Holbech,  tithe  of  wool  and  lambs  there,     fol.  125. 

Bounds  (Diviji')  of  the  pariflies  of  Holbech  and  Whapplode,  fettled  by  the  bi- 
fhop  and  abbot  aforefaid,   1353.     fol.  125. 

4  N° 


H  I  S  T  O  R  y    O  F    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  75 


I 


N°  XLir. 

M     U     L     T     O     N. 

From  the  Abbey  Regiller,  fol.  228.  b. 

Arbitrlum  mag'ri  WilUam  With  am  archid'i  Leiceftr''  in  dec  ret  is 
cTriSy  5^0'  Kytne,  arm\  ^  WiWi  HuJJe  jurifperiti^  int"  Job'' em  Lyt- 
tlyngto7i  abbHem  Croylandie  M  William  Watfoiiy  vicaf  de  Multoyi^ 
^  JoJSem  Rede/dale  de  Multon,  yoman^  de  diverjis  nucionib''5  ^ 
procuroib's  notorie^  maliciofe  fiendis  per  inbabitantes  de  Multon 
W  We/ton  in  procinSlu  Croylandie, 

**  nr^O  all  Criften  people  whom  yispfent  wrytyng fliall  come  unto,  ftiaifler William 
1  Witham,  archedechen  of  Lcicelh*,  The'  Kyme,  efcuiere,  and  William  Huile, 
fend  gretyng  in  our  Lorde  Godde  eviaftyng.  Wher  it  is  fo  y^  divfe  variaunts,  con- 
trovfies,  and  debates,  were  moved  and  dcpendyng  betwen  John  abbot  of  Croy- 
land  of  yat  one  parte,  and  William  W^atfon,  vicar  of  Multon,  and  John  Redifdalc 
of  Multon  afforefeid  of  the  other  parte,  as  well  for  divfe  ^curyngs,  moevyngs,  and 
fleryngs,  furrayttyd  to  be  don  by  the  faid  vecare  and  John,  to  the  inhabitants  of 
the  townes  of  Multon  and  Wefton,  riotouflie  to  have  entered  into  a  mariffe  of  the 
faid  abbot  callid  Purcent  in  Croyland,  therein  to  have  both  comn  of  paflure  and 
of  fyfliyng,  and  alfo  for  other  hurtes  and  greves  furmitted  to  be  doon  by  the  faid 
vicare  and  John,  to  the  faid  abbot,  as  is  fpecified  In  a  bill  fuvd  by  the  faid  abbot  by- 
fore  the  kyng  in  his  chauncerie  aycnft  the  faid  vicare  and  John,  which  parties  in 
appeafyng  of  the  faid  variauntz  have  compromitted  them  to  ab'^'  and  pforme  tha- 
warde,  ordinaunce,  and  jugement  of  us,  the  faid  archedekyn,  Thomas,  and  Willi. 
am,  of  and  in  the  pmifles.  Whereupon  we  the  faid  arbitroures  takyng  upon  us 
to  make  the  faid  arbitrement  of  and  upon  the  pmiffes,  fyrft  heryng  and  rypelie 
undreftonding  the  compleints,  anfweres,  repllcacions,  and  rejoindres  of  both  faid 
parties,  awarde,  arbitre,  ordein,  and  dceme  in  man'  and  forme  following:  Firft  for 
a  plener  reformacion  of  verrcy  goode  herte  and  wyll  to  be  hadde  and  continuyd. 
hereafter,  betwen  the  fame  parties,  which  by  occafions  of  the  feid  variaunce  have 
been  eftraunged  in  tyme  paflid  we  awarde  and  deme  yt  beforn  the  feft  of  Eftern 
next  comyng,  at  fuch  tyme  we  the  faid  arbitrours  fliall  appere  and  affemble,  and 
comyng  togyddyr  of  both  the  fame  parties  flial  be  hadde  in  the  abbeie  of  Croy- 

K  land, 


76-  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

land,  at  which  tyme  the  faid  vicare  in  pfence  of  the  faid  abbot  (hal  upon  his  honefte 
declare  in  excufe  of  hymfelfe  toward  the  faid  abbot,  accordyng  to  the  anfueres  and 
declaracions  of  the  fame  vicare  yeven  befortyme  to  the  bill  of  the  faid  abbot  in  the 
kyng's  chauncerie  and  yt  the  feid  vicar  in  all  his  demenyng  touchyng  the  feid  matier 
hath  efchewid  the  offenfe  of  Almyghty  Godde  and  hath  not  yeven  refonable  caufe 
or  occafion  of  difpleefure  of  the  faid  abbot. 

Item,  we  awarJe  that  the  faid  John  Redifdale  in  pfence  of  the  fa'.d  abbot,  at  the 
faide  tyme  flial  fwere  upon  a  booke,  and  declare  that  his  anfuere  to  the  laid  bill 
yeven  istrewe  in  fuch  poynts  as  touch  toward  hym  :  aft'  v/hich  declaracions  fo  mad;: 
everych  of  the  faid  p'iez  fliall  be  quiet  and  difchargid  ayenll  other  ot  all  man'  of 
accions  pfonall,  by  reafon  of  the  pmifles. 

In  witnes  whereof  we  the  feid  arbitiours  have  put  to  our  feales." 

William  Wicham  was  archdeacon  of  Leiceilir  from  1458  to  14-72. 


N^  XLIIL 

G     E     D     N     E     Y. 

FNta  ap'  Lincoln'  in  crajtino  clau'  pafch''  cof  R.  Abb'e  de  Croy- 
land  ^  Jocih  tunc  ibid'  itinerantibus  anno  regni  reg'  H.Jil'reg* 
Joh'is  XXIX. 

From  the  x^bbey  Regifler. 

••  "I"  OR'  ven'  r' utrum  ix  acr' tre  cum  ptin'  fint  liba  elemofina  ptinens  ad  ecciam 
.^  de  Gedeneye  unde  Thorn'  eft  pfona,  an  laicum  feodum  Johis  Picot  &  Luc'  ej' 
uxor'.  Et  lohes  Sc  Luc' p  attorn' fuos  p  bre  dni  regis  ven'  in  banco  apd  Wef- 
im'  &  voc'  inde  ad  war'  Warinum  de  Burgo  &  Johan'  ux'.ejufd'  Warini  fiT 
llu"'  h.  Alio'  ux'  ejus  &  Hcrveum  de  Stanhowe  &  Elena  ux'  ej'  qui  venerunt 
cof'  jufliciar'  ap'  Lincoln'  &  warr'  quantum  ad  eos  ptinet  fcil'  vi  acras  &  cone'  funt 
Et  cil  concnrdia  lalis,  qd  ips  rec'  pdcas  vi  acras  tre  efle  jus  pdce  ecctie  &  illas  ei 
reddunt.  Kt  ideo  heat  feyfinam  fuam,  &  pdti  Warinus  &  Alic',  Htrveus  &  Elena  fac' 
pJcis  |o1is  Piece,  &c  Luc'  w\  ej'  excambium  ad  valenc',  &c.  Et  pdcns  Tho  dat* 
ciT  marc'  ,p  licenc' concord'.  Port  venit  pdcus  Pvcynerus  de  Burgo  &  Joha  ux'  ej'  & 
war'ei  pdcas  in  acras,  &  concord'  funt  p  licenc'.  Et  eft  concordia  talis,  qd  Reynerus 
&  foha  reddunt  ei  pdcas  iii  acras.    Ideo  heat  feyfinam  fuam  &  fac'  excambium,  &c." 

fol.  13!.  b. 

This 


HISTORY     OF    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  p.  77 

This  fine  fliews  that  abbot  Richard,  1245,  was  one  of  the  king's  itiner.mt  judi- 
ciaries for  Lincolnfliire,  not  mentioned  by  Dugdale  in  his  Chi-onica  feries  at  the 
.  end  of  his  Origines  Juridiciales,  as  alfo  the  little  dependence  tliere  is  on  original 
MSS.  as  ro  the  true  names  of  perfons.  In  this  fhort  deed  Wariuus  de  Burgo,  who 
is  called  fo  two  or  three  times  at  its  beginning,  is  fliled  Reynerus  de  Burgo  at  full 
length  twice  at  the  end. 

XV*  pafch'  7  E.  III.  Abb'  de  Croyland  sum  fuit  ad  refpond'  Jacobo  de  Ros  de 
ptito  qd  pmittat  ipm  pfentare  ydoneam  perfonam  ad  ecctiam  de  Gedeneye  qe  va- 
cat'  &  ad  fuam  fpe<f\at  donacoem,  &c.  Thomas  Homer  had  been  prefented  by  p"ul!<  de 
Oyri  and  infticuted  r.  H.  III.  'Ihe  advovvfon  went  in  purparty  b.-twecn  his  three 
daughters.  A  fine  was  levied  by  their  reprefentatives,  who  prefented  alternately 
Roger  de  Thurkilby,  who  had  been  enfeoffed  with  one  third  part,  "  incipiendo 
turnnm  &  ufurpando  fup  comparticipes  luos,"  prefented  Thomas  de  Thurkilby 
his  clerk,  who  was  inftituted  in  the  fame  reign,  and  after  his  death  VVilHam  le  Conefla- 
ble,  in  his  turn,  prefented  William  le  Coneflable  his  clerk,  as  did  afterwards  (iiies 
de  Goufil  his  clerk  John  de  Kirkeby,  who  vacated  it  on  being  promoted  to  the  fee 
of  Ely.  Then  abbot  Ralph,  "  ut  in  turno  qui  ipum  &  pdcum  Robcum  de  Burguy- 
lon  contingere  deberet  ufurpando  fup  ipm  Robtum  prefentavit  quendam  Johem  dc 
Ciriaco  ctcum  fuum,"  admitted  t.  E.  I.  After  this  man's  death  Robert  and  his 
wife  prefented  John  Pykard  in  the  fame  reign.  Giles's  heirs  next  prefented  William 
de  Rafene  on  Pykard's  death,  t.  E.  II.  and  on  R.afcn's  death  Simon,  predeceffor  of 
the  prefent  abbotr,  ufurping  a  right,  prefented  Rob'  de  Bardelby,  in  the  fame 
reign,  on  whofe  death  the  abbot  kept  up  his  claim  to  the  prejudice  of  the  faid 
Ros,  to  the  amount  of  200  t.     fol.  131.  132. 

This  record  is  curious  for  the  fucceflion  of  vicars  of  Gedney  from  H.  III.  to  E.  III. 

16  E.  III.  The  abbot  fued  Reginald,  abbot  of  Thorney,  &c.  for  ejedling  him  out 
of  a  free  tenement  in  Gedney,  and  charged  him  with  taking  from  them  viii  acres 
of  marfh  there.  It  was  proved  on  oath  that  the  latter  had  been  before  unjuftly 
taken  by  the  abbot  of  Thorney,  but  a  doubt  being  railed  whether  the  abbot  of 
Croyland  had  any  right  In  the  viii  acres,  as  the  ftatute  of  mortmain  had  provided, 
&c.  it  was  faid  that  Ralph  abbot  of  Croyland,  t.  E.  I.  had  before  the  paffing  of 
that  llatute  purchafed  two  p.irts  of  the  third  part  of  Gedney  manor,  which  included 
ihefe  acres,  which  he  and  his  fucceffors  and  tenants  held  till  they  were  difpoffeffed 
as  above.     So  he  recovered  poffeflion.     fol.  133. 

John  Pykard  parfon  of  Gedney  claimed  the  prefentation  of  the  vicarage  there- 
of, to  which  his  predeceffor  Kirkby  had  prefented  William  dc  Welton,  who  was 
admitted  and  inftituted.  The  abbot  of  Croyland  denied  the  fafls.  A  writ  ilTued  to 
John  (Gynwell)  bifhop  of  Lincoln,  33  E.  III.  who  direfted  the  dean  of  Hoyland  to 
inquire  into  the  matter,  who  reported  that  the  faid  vicarage  was  vacant  12  kal. 
Apr.  1316,  by  the  death  of  William  de  Swynefheved,  who  had  been  prefented  by 
the  bifhop  of  Lincoln  on  a  lapfe  during  the  difpute  between  the  abbot  of  Croyland 
and  Pykard,  and  that  the  faid  abbot  and  convent  have  the  right  to  prefent 
whomever  the  faid  reftor  nominates  and  none  other.     "  Non  eft  litig'  sd  penfionar' 

K  z  eft 


78  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

eft  zhV)\  &  conventui  in  xl  s  annuatitn  folvend'.  Pcrfona  vero  ad  earn  prefentata 
eft  vir  bone  covecois  &:  honerte  &  in  fubdiaconuin  ordinatiis,   1317." 

Robert  de  M.dden,  deacon,  prefented  by  the  abbot,  &c.  of  Croylnnd,  on  tfie 
nomination  of  Robert  Bardelby,  reftor,  on  the  death  of  Swinefhevedj  admitted 
4  kal.  Jun.  131  7,  at  Stowe  park.     fol.  134. 

William  de  Cal thorp,  knight,  claimed  the  third  part  of  the  third  part  of  Gcdney 
manor,  againft  the  abbot;  who  produced  an  agreement  55  H.  III.  between  his 
j^redeceiTor,  whereby  a  fine  had  been  levied  to  confirm  the  gift  thereof  to  his  con- 
vent, and  referred  to  records  in  *'  Ro  ccxxii.  de  coi  banco,"  whereof  a  copy 
Was  in  the  :bbot's  "  cartarium."     fol.  i;^4.  135. 

8  E.  III.  Abbot  Henry  recovered  a  melfuagc  and  kinds  in  Langtoft  and  Baflon 
agalnrt:  John  Hale,  vicar  of  Sutton,     fol.  137. 

13  E.  ill.  The  abbot  recovered  arrears  of  vi  s.  rent  of  a  mill  in  Wyvelftorp. 
fol.  144. 

10  E.  III.     He  recovered  poffeffion  of  a  tenement  in  Kirkby  Leithorp.     fol.  146. 
6  E.  III.     Henrv  Cafewicke  fued  William  de  Couton,  prior  of  Durham,  for   11 

yearly  rent  of  108  1.  arrears  of  9  marcs  granted  to  abbot  Simon  by  prior  JeofTry  t. 
E.  II.  the  convent  of  Croyland  having  at  Stirling  i  107  given  up  all  right  to  the 
town  and  church  of  Edcrtun  *  in  confidcration  of  9  mnrcs  of  filver  in  money  (in 
denar'),  to  be  paid  yearly  in  St.  Leonard's  church  in  Stamford,  in  half-yearly  pay- 
ments of  60s.  each.  The  prior  pleaded  the  illegality  of  the  agreement,  as  made 
out  of  the  realm  of  England ;  but  the  abbot  recovered  the  annuity  and  27  marcs 
of  arrears,  and  10  t.  damages,     fol.  148. 

1 1  E.  III.  John  Kele  claimed  a  right  of  prefentation  to  Weileikele  againd  tie 
abbot,  but  loft  it.     fol.  149. 


N°  XLIV. 

R     A     T     H     B     Y. 

The  abbot  claimed  prefentation  to  Ratheby  church  in  an  undated  procefs,  which 
fecms  not  to  have  been  determined  "  quia  dubitat'  de  fraude." 

Nicholas  de  Ratheby  prefented  Robert  Brian,   t.  H.  III. 

Ralph  abbot  of  Croyland,  by  grant  of         Richard  Fordyngton,  t.  John,  died. 
Nicholas  Ratheby. 

Abbot  Richard.  John  Hardy,  died. 

Abbot  Richard.  llichard  Ofney. 

William  de  Romare,  earl  of  Lincoln,         Hugh  fitz  Nicholas  de  Ratheby. 
1. 11.  I.  gave  it  to  Croyland,  and  Ranulph 
earl  of  Chefter  confirmed  it. 

*  Or  Edirham, 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y     O  F     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  7^ 

N"  XLV, 

WELLINGBOROUGH. 

From  the  Abbey  Reglftcr. 

3  E.  III.  THE  abbot  chiimed  in  Wellingborough  a  market  every  Thur'- 
day,  by  grant  from  kin;;  John,  view  of  frankpledge  twice  a  year,  and  vvay[" 
from  time  immemorial,  g.;llo\vs,  tumbril,  pillory,  aflize  of  bread  and  beer,  infangtheof, 
fuit  of  court,  exemption  from  toll,  pafTage,  and  all  culloms.  'I'he  jultices  itinerant  at 
Northampton  difputed  thefe  claims,  but  the  jury  found  all  but  infangtheof,  and 
they  were  allowed,     fol.  157 — 159. 

He  was  at  the  fame  time  prefented  for  having  for  the  laft  15  years  railed 
(exaliavif)  his  mill  pool  at  Wylewach  upwards  of  four  feet,  fo  that  the  waters  over- 
flowed the  meadf)ws  belonging  to  the  towns  of  Cotes  and  Uawndes,.  &c.     f.  159. 

He  made  out  his  right  to  the  church  of  Ellon,  by  fine  levied  between  his  prcde- 
ceffor  Ralph  and  Simon  de  Lyndon.  4  E.  I. 

Denar'  levand'  de  eod'  a&Be  de  catall'  fufpens'  S;  fugitivor'  in  Wcndlinburgh. 

De  abbe  de  Croyland  de  catall'  Rici  de  Rifle  de  com'  Bed'  ap'  Wendlingburgh 
infra  lib'  ips  abb' fufpenfi,  xviii  s.  ivd. 

De  eod'  abbe  de  cat'  Willi  dc  Wydewefon  ^p  felonia  ap'  Harwedon  in  com'  Nor- 
thampton fufpens'.  Ills.  id.  ob. 

De  vie'  de  cat*  Walt'  le  Tinkere  &  Johis  Scot  fufpenfi,  iii  s.  vS, 

De  eod'  vie'  de  cat'  Willi  atte  Wilte  de  Tudington  fufpenfi,  xxi  3. 

De  eod'  vie' de  valoretrar'  ejufdem  Willi  Attewelle,  iinglis  annis,  p  an'         ix  d". 

De  eod'  vic'de  anno  &  vafto  tre  ejufdem,  xxict. 

De  eod'  vic'de  exitbs  tre  ejufd'  p  medium  tempus,  xivs.  iiid. 

De  eod'  vie'  de  cat'  Walti  le  Taillour  de  Wendlingburgh  fugitiv',  vd.  otj. 

<   It'  dicunt  qd  decima  feni  ecctie  valet  p  an'  c  s.  &  fie  dimittiiur  ad  firmam  folvend' 
ad  fm  Gul'  Augufti. 

It'  ecclia  valet  in  puro  fro  coibs  annis  xx  qrt',  pc'  qrt'  iii  s.  vict.  &  in  filigine  S: 
fro  firnl  mixt'  &  vocant  Rednoc  XL  qrt',  pc'  qrt'  lis.  Itm  de  ordo  ^y  qrt',  pc'  qrt'  iii  s. 
Item  de  drageto  x  qrt',  pc'  qrt'  11  s.  It'  xx  qrt'  aven',  pc'  qrt'  lis.  h'  de  Bolemong  u 
qrt',  pc'  qrt'  xx  3. 

Summa  valoris  ecctie  xxx  t.  xiii  s.  iv  d. 

Externa  manerii  16  June  12  E.  Sc  a  S.  a&bis  xvi  in  fitu  manerii  funt  cum  foflatu 
&  maris  circumcingentibus,  vii  acr'  iii  rod'  vi  daywerks  di.  x  dayvverks  faciunt 
qrta  pte  unius  acre,  et  iv  pcrtlcate  faciunt  unum  daywerk.  Omnes  fokemanni 
reddunt  g  an'  ad  f  m  Gule  Augufti  de  quad'  confuetudine  vocat'  Fran^roar. 

Her? 


io  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

Here  were  25  toftfokemen,  who  held  certain  tofts  in  fokna,  finding  men  to  plow, 
harrow,  mow,  reap,  and  carting.  "  It'  invenient  ap'  Croyland  iv  Av'agia  p  an'  h  va- 
lent  p  an'  xiid.  folvend'  ad  fm  Pent'."  They  were  to  find  the  abbot  about  once 
a  year  three  horfes  ;  "  quo  ipfe  eos  ducere  vott  infra  Angham  ;"  and  this  cuftom  is 
called  Longav'ge,  and  is  worth  lis.  This  fokna  was  to  pay  four  hens  worth  id.  apiece  ; 
and  if  they  had  a  cock  (jnafculum  pulluni)  they  could  not  fell  it  out  of  the  abbot's  fee 
without  forfeiting  ivd.  They  were  to  give  for  their  daughters  L^/Vfuj/^  iff  Gerfum^ 
and  one  penny  for  every  pig  above  a  year  old  (porcum  Jup'  annaium)  killed  or  fold 
from  Mich?elmas  to  the  Puritication  of  the  Bleflcd  Virgin. 

Suma  Sokemannor'  34  ad  confuetud'. 

Suraa  Ariirar'  de  toft  lokemen  cii  fi  ad  plenas  carucas  fuerint  et  tunc  valet  li  s. 
pc'  arur'.    vi  d. 

Suma  Hericatur'  pdcor'  Lxviii  fi  cquos  huerint  &  valent  hciatur'  viiis.  vid.  pc' 
liciatur'   id.  oB. 

Suma  oper'  Sarclacois  ;?4&  valent  xviS.  pc'  opis  oB. 

Suma  oper'  Autumpnat'  34  &  valent  ivs.  iiid.  pc'  opus  id.  oB. 

Suma  denar'  de  Wodeavage  xd. 

Suiiia  denar' de  Longavage  lis. 

Suiila  oper'  falcacois  34 et  valent  viii  s.  vi  3.  pc'  opis  iiid. 

Suma  avanior'  1 36,  et  valent  xxxiv  s.  pc'  avag'  ivd. 

Suma  gallinar'  93  &  valent  viis.  ixd.  pc'gajlin'  1  d". 

Nativi  operarii  36,  holding  18  virgates  in  villenage,  half  a  virgate  each,  at  different 
-rents  and  fervices ;  their  rents  paid  at  different  terms,  St.  Andrew's,  St.  Guthlac, 
St.  Bartholomew,  and  St.  Michael,  and  at  Whitfontide  LoAefilver.  Richard  Po- 
keto  was  to  cart  feven  loads  (funima)  of  corn  at  Croyland  at  xviii  d.  per  load,  to 
help  the  lord  with  his  carts  for  a  dinner  (ad  gratu}?n  abbatis)  and  ivd.  in  money 
ultra  repajlum;  to  reap  the  corn  that  was  left  unreaped  by  the  fokemen  *'  & 
illud  pratum  fpgent  &  levabunt,  adjuvabunt  &  ad  manerium  carriabunt,  &  illud 
taffabunt  fmiul  cum  illo  prato  qd  fokemanni  falcarunt,"  valued  at  vid.  to  each  te- 
nant. He  was  to  come  with  his  men  to  the  great  Bedrip  *,  for  which  they 
were  to  have  one  repafl:  {repajlum)  worth  11  3.  to  the  fecond  Bedrip  for  a  repaft 
■worth  id.  or  to  find  at  one  Lovebone  a  vazn  fine  refiiinpcione  ;  which  work  was  worth 
II  d".  ot).  to  cart  all  the  lords  corn  till  it  was  all  carried  away,  worth  xii  d.  car- 
riage of  half  a  virgate.  If  they  brewed  they  paid  a  flaggon  (lagena)  of  ale  to  the 
cuftom  called  TeUcjlr',  Leirzvyc  for  daughters  &nd  gerjuma  "  pro  tiliis  corotiandis  f ,  et 
proingreffu  tenementi  fui  et  talliagium." 

Sunia  redd'  iftor'  naivor'  xiit.  xiis. 

Suma  de  cuftum'  voc'  Lcdftlver,  Liiiis. 

Suma  arur'  xxxvi.  &  val'  xii  s.  pc'  arur'  mid. 

Suma  opum  falcacois  xxxvi.&val'  xviii  s.  pc'opisvid. 

Suiiia  opum  autumpnal'  d.  f„'',  &  xu  &  val'  iiii  \.  xviii  s.  pc'opis  iid'. 

*  Work  done  by  the  tenant  for  his  lord  in  harved,  whii.h  fervice  he  is  bound  to  perform  when  called 
upon;  from  the  Saxon  words  bibban,  to  afk  or  command,  and  peppnn,  to  mow  or  reap. 
•f  This  is  cxpieft  afterwards  by  "  pro  filiis  &  filiab's  onl.nand''  k  maritand', 

5  Suma 


H  I  S  T  O  U  Y    O  F    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  Sjr: 

Siinia  opiim  prime  Bedrip  cviii.  Sc  valet  vis. 

Sufna  opum  fecunde  Bedrip  xxxvf.  &  val'  iiis.  pc'  opis  id. 

Suma  opum  unius  Lovebone  xxxvi.  Scval'  mis.  vid. 

Suma  redd*  iftor'  werkirianor'  cum  opitx'  eor'  appreciat  xxiiii  J.  in  s.  ii  8. 

^yAIolme7i,  each  holding  half  a  virgate  in  villcnngeon  the  fame  leveral  terms. 
The  amount  of  their  rents  xint.  viis.  ivd.  of  their  work  at  the  firfl  Bedripe  cv. 
and  value  v  s.  x  d.  at  the  fccond  Bedripe  xxxv.  and  value  ii  s.  ii  d.  at  one  Love- 
bone  xxxv,  and  value  IV  s.   ivd.  o'B.     Total  xivt.. — v  ot3. 

Three^T;."  acrcmen,  who  held  thjt  quantity  of  land  by  the  fame  fervices  and  rents, 
paying  folefanes,  fwynanes,  toleceltr',  Icyrwyc,  gerfuma,  and  tailliage,  as  the  other 
naif.-!.  Their  rent  was  xxxvii  s,  work  at  the  two  bedripes  xvi  s.  each  xvid.  at 
the  Lovebone  VIMS,  eachxiid.     Totalxxxixs.  iv  ct. 

Cotfcttes,  or  holders  of  cottages  on  the  fame  terms,  at  iii  s.  a  year,  each  amount- 
ing to  vit.  X  s.  iiid.  I  q.  and  their  work  in  autumn  to  lxus.  at  vs.  ii  d.  pc' 
opis  I  d. 

All  the  tenants  that  had  herbage  in  Wellingborough  fields  paid  the  lord  at 
Midfummcr  xiii  s-  ivd.  becaufe  he  had  not  "  fuffieienciam  unius  hide  pafture  fuc 
in  partura  fua  vocata  le  Hay." 

■'  Ordinacio  Vicarie  ^\C  Wendlingburgh. 

"  UNIV  pfentestrasinfped:uri3joiies*pmifrionedivina Lincoln' epus  falfm  in  oTnm 
Salvatore.  Univcrfirati  vre  notum  facimus  p  pfentes  qd  examinato  regro  de  orditSjiBs^ 
vicar'  ecctiar'  lire  dioc'  tempe  bone  memorie  dni  Hugon'  de  Welles  fcis  comptuin 
ell  in  eo  ini'  ceta  ^nt  fequitur  contineri.  Vicar'  in  ecctia  de  W^endlingburgh. 
que  eft  abbis  &  convent'  Croyland  confiftit  in  toto  alceragio  ipfuis  ecctie  &  in  di- 
mid'  virgata  tre  cum  ptinent'.  In  cuj'  compconis  teftimonium  figillum  lirum  pfen- 
tibs  eft  appensii.  Dat'  apd  Bugden  non'  Marcii,  anno  Dhi  Millo  ccc""  od^avo 
decimo."     fol.  i6S. 

!t  looks  as  if  the  abbot  had  a  houfe  at  Wellingborough,  to  which  he  fometimcs 
retired. 

The  churchwardens  (t^ardiant  ecclefie)^  1497,  having  *'  velut  homines  juris  ig- 
nari,"  and  without  confulting  abbot  Richard,  then  re6tor,  cut  down  all  the  trees  in 
the  church  yard,  to  the  great  prejudice  of  the  abbot  and  his  church  ;  tlicy  came 
next  year  with  Henry  Durant,  their  vicar,  Henry  Topping,  clerk,  curate  there, 
feveral  farmers,  and  others,  to  the  parlour  of  abbot  Richard  at  Wellingborough/ 
who  had  wich  him  brothers  Lambert  Folldykc,  batch,  in  divin.  ftewaid  of  Croyland, 
Eden  Thorpe,  fcholar  of  Croyland,  and  making  their  fubmiffions,  the  abbot  gra- 
cioully  forgave  him,  and  they  publicly  aflied  his  pardon,  and  paid  him  viis. 
fol.  168.- 

*  D'Alderby. 


N<' 


it  APPENDIX       TO       THE 


N°  XLVI. 

A  D  Y  N  G  T  O  N. 


17  E.  III.  The  abbot  claimed  the  lands  and  hereditaments  of  Edmond  de  Veer, 
of  Great  Adyngtoi  in  the  county  of  Northampton,  held  of  him  by  military  fervice, 
and  the  wardfhip  of  his  daughter,  all  which  were  claimed  by  John,  fon  and  heir  of 
Ralph  de  Vere.  John  died  pendente  lite,  and  fo  the  abbot  probably  gained  his  caufe. 
Abbey  Regifter,  fol.  169. 

The  abbot  and  Baldwyn  de  Vere  had  between  them  the  pool  between  Adington 
and  Adington  Waterville,  with  right  of  fifliery  therein  as  far  as  the  abbot's  mill 
pool.  Ermenrarda  de  Bidun,  and  others  were  fued  by  Baldwyn  for  hindering  hira 
from  fifhing  there.  The  jury  gave  it  for  Baldwyn,  and  that  a  certain  ifland,  which 
(he  claimed,  belonged  to  the  abbot  of  Croyland.     Ibid. 

Some  of  the  Vere  family  lie  buried  in  this  church. 


N°  XLVII. 

P    E    A    K    I    R    K. 

Breve  vocaf  Recordar  pro  tenentibus  nojlris  de  Peykyrk. 

EDWARDUS,  Dei  gfa,  &c.  vie'  Northampton  falutem.  Prccipimus  tibi  qd 
affumpt'  tecum  quatuor  difcret'  &  legal'  milit'  de  com'  tuo  in  (Ppia  pfona  tua 
accedas  ad  cur'  abbis  de  Burgo  Sci  Petri  Hundredi  fui  de  Rennyngton  infra  Naf- 
fum  burgum  &  in  plena  curia  ilia  recordari  facias  loquelam  que  ell  in  ead'  cur*  fine 
bri  iiro  inter  Wiltm  Walger  de  Glynton  al'  di£t'  Wiltm  Walcot  &  Robtum  Fo  de 
Peykyrk  &  Henr'  Smyth  de  ead'  de  debito  fex  iblidor'  qd  idem  Wilts  a  pfato  Robto 
&  Henr'  exigit,  &c.  xxiiii  die  April',  a.  r.  n.  xviii.  &c.     Abbey  Reg.  fol.  215.  b. 

N" 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    O  F    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  *8. 

Compoficio  inter  nos  &*  Abba  tern  de  Cruland  de  marijeo  de  PeykhM 
in  Jinibus  de  eodem  ibidem  Jequentibus. 

HE C  eft  conventio  fca  inter  dnm  abbntem  &  convent.'  de  biirgo  Sci  Petri  ex  una 
pte  &  dnm  aBtem  &  convent'  Croyhmd  ex  alia  ad  utriufque  dcmini  jjficuum,  s'  qd 
idem  abbas  &  conventus  de  Burg  concellerunt  a&bi  &  convent'  Croyland  non  ob- 
ftante  cyrographo  Pco  inter  COS  in  cur' d'ni  regis  apud  Leirmgton  fiium  molendini 
cum  calceto  inter  moiend'  &  villani  Croyl' cum  claiifo  adjacente  continente  xv  acrasin 
marifco  cujus  mete  defcripte  funt  in  pdco  cyrographo  ex  occidentali  pte  Croyl'  fup 
ripam  que  dicitur  Weland.  Ita  quod  liceat  a&Bi  8c  convent' Croyl' dcm  clauftim  cir- 
cumcingere  toilato  ,put  melius  voluerint,  nee  contra  fora  am  ;  dci  abbas  &  conv'  Croy- 
land remiferunt  abti  &  conv'  de  Burg  lic*enciam  accenv'  pratum  in  marilco  de  Pey- 
kirk:,  licemiarn  qm  huerunt  fcd'm  tormam  dci  cyrographi,  &  licebit  a&bi  &conv'de 
Burg'  illuu  qd  redigerint  in  pratum  in  pdco  n  anfcio  claudere  folTato,  non  obilante 
fcpedco  cyrographo,  falva  &  conv'  de  Croyl'  &  hoibs  litis  de  Peykirke  comuna  paf- 
tura  ammota  veftura  de  pdco  prato.  Et  ut  hec  conventio  re(^a  &  ftabilis  pmaneatr 
cyrographo  penes  abbem  &  conv'  de  Burg  refidenti  abbas  &  conv'  de  Croyland  G^il' 
fua  appofuerunt.     Teftibus  de  Pvamefeia  8?  Thorneya  abbatibus  Hug'&  Robert'^. 

Finalis  Concordia  inter  eofdem. 

HE  C  eft  finalis  concordia  fca  in  curia  ctni  11.  apud  Lexint'die  lune  prox'  poft 
pur'  beate  Marie,  anno  r.  r.  J.  7,  coram  ipo  ctno  rege,,  Simone  de  Patefhull  archi-- 
diac'  Stafford,  Jac'  de  Poterna  juftic'  St  aliis  fidelibus  dniR.  ibidem  tunc  prefentibus 
inter  Akar'  abbera  8c  convent'  de  Burgo  petentes  &  Henr'  a&bem  &  convent'  de 
Croyland  tenentes  de  una  virgata  tre  cum  ptin'  in  Peykirke  &  de  quod'  marifco  cujus 
tales  funt  mete;  s'  ab  aqua  de  Croyland  que  dicitur  Nen  ufq,  ad  locum  qui  dicit'  Fin- 
fet,  &  ab  illo  loco  ufque  ad  Greines,  &  a  Grcynes  ufque  ad''P\)ievvard  Stockino-e,  ^ 
inde  ufque  ad  Suclilake  ubi  Suthlake  cadit  in  Weland,  &  inde  ficut  aqua  de  Weland 
currit  ufque  ad  Croyland,  &  ibi  cadet  in  Nen,  ubi  placit'fuit  inter  eofd'  in  ead'  cur'  & 


he 

predicftis  atrbi  Sc 

conv'  de  Croyl'  prefat'  virgat'  terre  cum  ptin'  in  Peykirke  tiend'  8c  tencnd'  f;bi  Sc 
fucc'  fuis  de  aMie  &  mono  de  Burg,  he.  fucc'  ipfius  abbis  p  fervic'  qd  ad  candem 
terram  ptin'  ficuc  ptita  edJnter  illos  que  eam  tenent'  s'  de  thofto  cum  tra  in  camp' 
qd  regis  faber  inde  tennit  p  unum  diem  arare  in  hyeme  8c  p  i  diem  in  xl  cum  tanto 
quantum  ille  qui  tciftum  illud  &:  terram  tenui^  habcbit  in  caruca.  Et  debet  p  t  diem 
farclare  Sc  p  i  diem  fenum  levare  8c  pare  in  prato  de  Makefeye  in  dnico  prato  ab- 
Bis  de  Burgo  cum  hoibs  ipfius  abbis  de  Burgo,  8c  debet  in  autumpno  dl  acr'  trc 
metere  8c  blud'  ligarc  Sc  fup  eandem  terram  talfarc.     Et  oia  pdca  debet  faccre  ad 

^*  5  cuftum 


*84  APPENDIX         TO        THE 

ciiftum  fuum,  &  debet  in  nutup.ipno  ad  cibum  ipfius  a&lns  de  Burgo  p  i  diemmetere 
cum  I  hole  blad'  iplius  in  camp'  de  Peykirke  vel  de  Glynton.  Et  (i  abbas  de  Burgo 
eum  non  pafcat  eo  die  non  debet  metere  nifi  ufque  ad  nonam.  Et  toftum  cum  ter- 
ra qucd  Gocelinus  filius  Godvini  inde  tenuit  debet  facere  oia  predifta  fervic'  & 
prediftas  confuetudines.  Similiter  toftum  cum  terra  in  camp'  quod  Will'  hi'  Radi 
tenet.  Et  toftum  cum  terra  in  camp'  quod  Will'  fil'  Senncn  tenet.  Et  toftum  cum 
terra  in  camp'  quod  Petrus  Palmerus  tenet.  Et  toftum  cum  terra  in  campis  quod 
Pvegin'  Carpentar'  tenet.  Et  toftum  cum  terra  in  camp'  qd  Ric'  fil'  Alurici  tenet 
debet  facere  oia  pdca,  &  preterea  debet  bis  in  hieme  arare  &  bis  in  xl.  Ita  quod 
tcr  arabit  in  hieme  &  ter  in  xl  ad  cuftum  fuum,  &  debet  ducere  i  carucatam  bol- 
ci  a  marifco  ufque  in  cur'  aBtiis  Burg'  apud  Burg'  Sci  Petri  ad  f'ai  Sci  Mich.  Et 
preterea  oi'es  holes  pdcam  terram  tenentesdebent  fequi  hundr'  a&l5is  de  Burgo  p  quo- 
libet  XV  dies,  &  debent  vi  d.  &  ob'  p  acris  de  hidag'.  Et  debent  monftrare  a&bi  de 
Burgo  vel  ballivo  fuo  francum  plegium,  &  debent  facere  vigilias  cum  aliis  hominibus 
provincie  addcbitumS:  (latutum  locum  ftcut  facere  confueverunt  inter  f'm  Sci  Mich' 
&f'm  Sci  Martin'.  Hec  autem  fervic'  &  tras  confuei'  habebunt  pdci  abbas  8c  con- 
■ventus  de  Burgo  &  fucc'  cor'  de  pdca  tra  ita  qd  illas  non  poterunt  augere  nee  mu- 
tare,  nee  amplius  de  tra  ilia  in  aliquo  exigere.  Abbas  quoque  &  conventus  de  Burgo 
concefler'  eifdem  alabi  &  convent'  de  Croyland  pdcum  marifcum  scd'  quod  p  pdcas 
metas  diftinflum  eft,  Kend'  Sc  tenend'  fibi  &  hicc'  fuis  de  ip(is  a&oe  &  convent'  de 
Burgo  &  fucc'  eor'  in  ppet'  reddendo  inde  p  an'  in  ecclia  Sci  Petri  de  Burgo  iv  pe- 
tras  cere  infra  oft'  Aplor'  Petri  &  Pauli  ^  omni  fervicio  &exaftione.  Ita  quod  abbas 
h  conv'  de  Burgo  hebunt  commod'  herbagii  de  oit5s  averiis  tarn  propriis  quam  hoim 
fuor'  quam  etiam  averiis  quorumlibet  alior'  qui  intrabunt  illud  marifcun^,  preterquara 
de  tfnicis  averiis  conventus  &  a&bis  de  Croyland  &  hoi'um  fuor'  de  Croyland  h 
Peykirk.  Et  fciend'  qd  licebit  aM)i  &  conv*  de  Croyland  &  hoiBs  fuis  de  Croy- 
land fine  occoe  Sc  contradiccoe  h  impedimento  abl3is  &:  conv'  &  fuor'  fervient'  ibi 
turbam  fodere,  &  ubi  turbam  foderint  fub  turba  argillam  Sc  zabulum  capere  & 
falcare  ros*  &  junc',  glacellamf  &  bindingam,  ita  tamen  qd  non  removeant  averia  que 
ibi  fuerint  a  paihua  fua;  poterunt  tamen  colparc;};  &  habere  ramiliam§  &  oia  genera  ar- 
borum  que  in  eodem  marifco  fuerint.  Preterea  de  alio  marifco  de  Peykirke  qui  eft  ex- 
tra pdcas  metas  conven'  inter  cofdem  aB^es  &  conventus  qd  licebit  abbi  &  conv'  de 
Burgo  line  imped'  &:  contradicoe  abbis  &  conv' de  Croyland  &  fervient' prioris  in  eo 
pratum  facere  scd'  quantitatem  feodor' fuor'  qui  comunicant  in  ead'  paflura,  &  fimili- 
ter  licebit  abbi  &  conv'  de  Croyland  pratum  facere  in  cod'  marifco  scd'  quantitatem 
feodor'  fuor'  qui  communicant  ibi  fme  impedimento  8c  contrad'  abbis  8c  conv'  de 
.Burgo  8c  fervient'  fuor'. 

*  Rufh. 

t  C^iere.     Glagrllum  ofiers  or  withs,  from  glaia  a  hurdle.     Du  Cange. 

J   Cut,  from  tl.e  French  coiiptr. 

j  Spray,  or  linuU  branches  of  wood  tor  firing. 


'Fiaalis 


I-l  I  S  T  O  R  Y     OF     C  n  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  *{?i 


Tinalis  Concordia  inter  nos  c§f  Abbatem  de  Cruland  de  una 
virgata  terre  in  Peakirk. 

H  EC  efl  finalis  concordia  facia  in  ciir'  clni  regis  apud  Northcon  a  die  Sci  Johis 
Baptirte  in  unum  menfem  anno  r.  r.  H.  fil'  r.  J.  xxjli",  coram  R.  de  Tliurkelby, 
(i.  de  Preflon,  Magro  Siinone  de  Walter,  &  J.  de  Colbarn,  juflic'  itinerant'  &  aliis 
d^ni  R.  fidclibus  tunc  ibi  prefentibus  inter  Ric'  a&Bem  de  Croyland  querent' &  Willm 
abtem  de  Burg'  deforc'  de  una  virgat'  tre  cum  pcin*  in  Peykirke  &  de  quodam  ma- 
rifco  qui  jacet  infra  metas  fubfcriptas,  s'  ab  aqua  de  Croyland  que  vocatur  Nen 
ufque  ad  ilium  locum  qui  vocat'  Finfet,  &  ab  illo  loco  ufque  ad  Greynes,  &:  a 
Greynes  ufque  ad  Folkennar  de  Stoking,  &  deinde  ufque  ad  Suthlake  ubi  Suthiike 
cadit  in  Weland,  &  fie  ficut  aqua  que  vocatur  Weland  currit  uf(]ue  ad  Croyland,  & 
ibi  cadit  in  Nen,  unde  finis  faftus  fuit  in  cur'  dni  R.  J.  pris  pdci  dni  R.  coram  ipfo 
d'no  rege  J.  apud  Lexinton  inter  Akarin  qdm  a&bem  de  Burgo  Sci  Petri  predec' 
ejufd'  a&bis  de  Burg'  petent'  &  H.  qdm  aM)em  de  Croyland  predec'  pdci  aM)is  de 
Croyland  ten'  &  unde  idem  abl3as  de  Croyland  queftus  fuit  quod  pdcus  alJBas  de 
Burgo  contra  pdcum  finem  impedivit  ipfum  p  hoies  &  fervient'  fuos  quominuspote- 
runt  capere  itallagia  &  facere  attacheamenta  infra  qtiand'  ptem  ville  de  Croyland 
que  eft  infra  pdcas  divifas,  &  fimilit'  cullodire  quendam  p.ntem  in  Crovland  infra 
pdcum  marilcum  quominus  ipfe  &  lioies  fui  potuerunt  lire  tranfitum  fuum  cum  ave- 
ri's  fuis  ultra  pdcum  pontem,  &  fmiiliter  quod  ipfe  extirpavit  &  eradicavit  arbores 
plaiuatas  in  pdco  marlfco,  &  quod  cepit  averia  ipfius  al5tis  de  Croyland  h.  hoim  fuo- 
rum  de  Cro)  land  &  de  Peykirke  in  pdco  marifco  contra  pdcum  finem,  &  unde  placi- 
lum  finis  fci  fummonitus  fuit  inter  eos  in  eadem  curia,  s'  quid  prffidifl:us  ab^as  de 
Burgo  conceffit  p  fe  &  fucc'  fuis  &  ecclia  fua  ptica  quod  pdcus  a&bas  de  Croyland 
&  fucc' lui  de  cetero  fine  contradicoe  vel  impedimento  ipfius  aljtis  de  Eurgo  vel 
fucc'  fuor'  vel  hoium  fuor'  vel  ballivor'  fuor'  liBe  pofilnt  capere  ftallagia  &  iheo- 
lon'  8c  oia  attachiameta  facere  nbique  in  fxlca  villa  de  Cropland  que  fita  fuit  infra 
pdcas  metas  die  quo  hec  concortlia  iada  fuit  quam  alibi  in  ead'  villa.  Ita  quod 
pdci  a&bas  de  Burgo  vel  fucc'  de  cetero  nulla  actachiamenta  poterunt  facere  In  ead' 
villa  de  Croyland,  nee  aliquid  aliud  in  ea  capere  vel  exigere,  nee  etiam  aliquid  im- 
pediment' pdco  a^i  de  Ciovland  vel  fucc'  fuis  vel  hoiBs  vel  averiis  eor'  ad  pdcm 
pontem  facere  in  imppm.  Et  preterea  idem  a&bas  de  Burgo  concefik  pro  Te,  fucc* 
fuis  8i  ecctia  fua  pdca  qd  ipfi  nee  hoies  fui  poterunt  aliquam  feriam  five  vendic' 
averior' vel  aliquor'alior' levare  vel  habere  extra  pdcam  villam  de  Croyland  quamdiu 
nundine  de  Croyland  duraverunt  p  quam  idem  abtas  de  Croyland  vel  fucc'  fui  aliquid 
amittantin  pdcis  nundinis  fuis  de  Croyland  imppm.  Et  pro  hac  conceffione,  fine,  & 
concordia  Ric'  de  Hotot  ad  peticoem  pdci  aM>is  de  Croyland  conceffit  pdco-aotii  de 
Burgo  &  fucc'  fuis  &  ecctie  fue  pdce  p  manus  KoBi  de  Wefton  &c  Rici  ffis  Aelrici 
de  oiBs  tenementis  que  ipfis  Pvob'  &  Ric'  tenner'  in  villenag'  de  pdco  Rico  de  Hotot 
in  ead'  villa  die  quo  hec  concordia  fafta  fuit,  8c  ^p  ofiii  alior'  qui  in  pofterum  tene- 

■^^  6  racnt' 


*86  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

ment'  rlla  tenebunt  ad  dicos  terminos  imppm  s'  med'ietatein  ad  fm  Sci  Mich'  &  al- 
teram medietatem  ad  Pafch',  falvis  eid'  Rico  dc  Hotot  &  heredibus  fuis  oiBs  aliis 
fervitiis  &  ^ventiBs  de  eifd'  tenementis  ^pvenieniiBs.  Et  hec  Concordia  fca  fuit  inter 
eos,  falvis  eid'  abbi  de  Burgo  &  fucc'  fuis  &  ecctie  fue  pdce  k  pdco  a&bi  de  Croy- 
land  &  fucc'  fuis  &  ecctie  pdce  oibs  aliis  arciculis  in  priori  fine  inter  predecefibres, 
pdcor'  a&Bum  de  pdca  terra  &  marifco  contentis. 


Convent io  inter    nos   &r    Abbatem   de   Cruland  de  fojfato   circa 

'turbariam  ^  de  Gurgite. 

CONVENIT  inter  dilm  abbem  de  Burgo  &  dnm  abtem  Croyland  &  eor'  con- 
vent*^  fu^  controverfia  mora  inter  eos,  s'  de  foflato  fee  circa  turbariam  &  de  gurgite 
fco  inter  Finfet  &  Namanneflound,  s'  qd  aqua  &  pifcana  inter  Finfec  &  Namannef- 
lound  remanebunt  quiete  d'no  abbi  de  Burgo,  convent'  &  eor' fucceilof bs  ad  facien* 
dum  inde  quicquid  voluerint,  hoc  folo  excepto  qd  nunquam  inter  pdcas  metas  ali- 
quem  gurgitem  levabunt.  Et  tota  aqua  &  pifcaria  a  Nomanneflound  ufque  Croy- 
land remanebit  quiete  dno  a'Bbi  de  Croyland  &  conv'  &  eor'  fucc'  ad  faciend'  eis 
quicquid  voluerint,  &  de  foflatis  fcis  contra  cyrographum  in  dni  regis  cur'  fern  diis 
abbas  de  Croyland  faciet  emendare  intra  menfem  poft  fubmonitionem  dni  abbis-  de 
Burgo,  &  fciend'  qd  de  eo  qd  ^vifum  eft  de  predcis  aquis  debet  fieri  cyrographum 
inter  abbes  &  convtus  fignatum  fignis  conventuum  infra  fm  Sci  Thome  Apli  a.  r.  r. 
H.  fil'  r.  J.  xv°.  Uterque  autem  abbas  pmiferunt  in  verbo  veritatis  hoc  firniiter 
obfervare,  adjefta  etiam  pena  xv  marcar'.  Hoc  autem  pmiferunt  priores  utriufque 
domus  pro  conventibus  fuis. 

Ex  Regro  Cartar'  Abbie  Sci  Petro  de  Burgo,  given  by  the  Earl  of  Exeter 
to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  1778. 

The  fecond  of  thefe  articles  is  a  more  correft  copy  of  the  agreement  exhibited 
N"  XXI.  p.  li,  36. 


N» 


HISTORY    OF     CROYLAND.  6j 

N«  XLVIir. 

H    O    K    I    N    T    O    N. 

Difpute  between  the  Abbot  of  Croyland  and  the  Prior  of  Barnwell 

concerning  tytbes  here. 

H  O  K  Y  T  O  N. 

"UNIV*  fee  matris  ecdie  filiis  prcfentitis  &  futuris  has  tras  nras  infpe£>uris. 
Frat*  Johan',  Dei  gra  abbas  modii  Sci  Bndifti  de  Croyland  ordis  Sci  Bndifti  Line' 
dioc'  &  ejufd'  loci  convent  eccl'  poch  Si  Andree  de  Hokynton  Elien'  dioc'  in  ^ppos 
ufus  canonice  optinentes  fattm  in  eo  quern  nob'  pepit  utus  virginalis.  Ad  vfm  no- 
ticiam  finglor'  deducim''  ac  j)  n^s  ac  fucceflbribs  nris  &  dco  nro  men'  in  ppet'  vos 
des  fcire  volumus  p  pfentes  qd  inrpe(ftis  inftrumentis  &  monumentis  appcois  ecctie 
lire  de  Hokyton  pdcis  &  aliis  legitimis  documentis  ex  pte  religiofor'  vir'  prioris  2c 
conventus  prioratus  de  Bernwell  ord'  Sci  Auguftini  canonic' dee  Eliens'  dioc'  nob'fuf- 
■ficienter  oftenfis,  concepimus  evidenter  qd  porcio  garbar'  viz.  due  ptes  decimar'bla- 
dor'  &  frufluum  ^pveniencium  de  terris  dnicis  quondam  Pagani  Peverel  in  Hokyton 
pdca  infra  fcript*,  vidtt,  &c.  &  fpecificent'  fingula  trse  fingulatim  quam  id'  prior  & 
convent'  infra  poch'  i^cz  ecctie  iire  de  Hokyton  pcipe  confueverunt  ac  poflident  & 
pcipiunt  pacifice  &  quiete  in  pfenti  ac  cifd'  &  eor'  dco  prioratui  julle  &  canonice 
ptinuit  ab  antiquo  &  ant'ediconem  confilii  I.ateranens'  &  qmcumq,  ap^pcoem  dee  ec- 
ctie iire  nob'  team,  eandemq,  porcoem  garb'  vid'  due  ptes  blador'  &  frufluiim 
pdcor'  iidem  prior  &  convent'  &  pcellores  &:  pdcefl'orcs  eorund'm  p  fe  &  miniftros  fuos 
a  tempe  &  p  tempus  ctij'  contrarii  memoria  hoium  non  extitit  &  hucufq,  jure  fuo 
Sc  ejufd'  fui  priorai'  pacifice  &  quiete  pcepunt  fcieniibs  fingiis  epis  h.  archidis 
ecctie  cathedral' Eliens',  nob' &  dco  abbe  mon' dc  Croyland  ac  pcefforibs  &  pde- 
ccfforibs  liris  abbatibus  ejufd'  nri  mon'  oibs  &  fingulis  qui  pro  tempe  fuerunt  fuis 
ptibs  fucceffivis  pmilTar'  tolerantibs  &  approbantibs  tam  tacite  quam  expreffe  ex 
dca  fcientia  toto  tempe  fupdco.  In  qua  quidem  porcoe  nichil  juris  habemus  nee 
nos  habere  ptendimus  nifi  p  dimiifionem  prioris  &  conv'  de  Bernwell  pdiftor'  nob' 
inde  fcam  &  firmam  ppet'  folvend'  eifd"  pori  &  conventui  &  prioratu  fuo  de  Bern- 
well  finglis  annis  in  ppetuum  init.  fterlingnr'  vel  faltem  in  moneta  ufuali  (jue 
^  tepe  fuerlt  ad  tantam  eflimacoem  ad  fiii  Pentecoftes  finglis  annis  durante  firm* 
pdca  prout  in  qod'  fcripto  p  platos  priorem  &  conventum  nob'  inde  confcifto  ^  eoi' 
ligillo  coi  confignato  plenius  conunetur.  Que  oia  &  fingla  ex  certa  fcientia  recog- 
nofcimus  &  eonfitemur  p  habito  fup  hoc  trntt.uu  h.  dcliberacoe  fufficicnte  in  capitlo 


84  A    P    P    E    N    D-    I    X        TO        THE 

Hro  mon'  de  Croyland  ne  alq  fucceflbrcs  nri  in  poflerum  g  occupacoem  fru^uum 

pdcor'  &  continuacoem  tempis   diuturni  p  pfcipcion'  confcdt'  vel  alio  modo  q  . . . 

lius  e  expffum  fugata  vtate  in  pfata  poicoe  jus  aliqd  fe  habere  ptendant  in  iojuriam 

prioris  &  convent'  pdcor'  ac  nrum  &  tucceffor'  nrum  gnde  piclum  aiai'.     Ad  quann 

quidem  foluccem  loco  &  termino  annuatira  fideliterfaciend*  ut  pdicitur  obligamus  nos, 

fucceflbrcs  n'ros,  ac  ecctiam  iirann  de  Hokyton  jurifdicoe   epi   Eliens'  qui   pro  tejje 

fuerir  loci  ordinarii,  itaqd  pdcus  epus  ordinarius  loci  pod  trinam  requificoem  &  an- 

nuncoem  puplice  in  ecctia  de  Hokyton  p  eund'  priorem  vel  aliura  ex  pte  prioris  eid' 

abbati  facicn  !am  cum  ecffatum  fuerit  p  abb'  vel  fuos  in  folvend'  c  s.   poll   menfera 

tmi   ejufd'   Pentecofles  elapfiim   in   eccliam   pdcam  de  Hokyton  intdci  fcntenciam 

valeat  fulminare  donee  moram  fuain  in  non  folvendo  dcus  abbas  vel  aliquis  noie  fuo 

curaverit  fufficienter  purgare.     Et  fi  contingat  dcos  religiofos  monachos  in  Iblucoe 

vel  circa  lolucbem  c  folidor'  pofl:  lapfum  menfis  fupdci  p  tres  annos  immediate  tunc 

iequentes  maliciofe  diflicultatem  qovis  colore  cailfari,  eji  tunc  liceat  dcis  religiofis 

canonicis  de  Bernwell  declmas   iuas   de  Hokyton   fie  ut   pmitiitur  ad  firmam  ppe- 

tuam  dimiffas  recoligere,  cariare  &  abducere  &  ad  eor'  canonicor'  libitum  &c  volunta- 

tem  ^ut  eis  melius  videbitur  difponere  &  in  utilltatem  fuam  convertere  abfq,  pdcor' 

monachor'  quavis  contradiccoe.    In  quor'  oium  tellimonium  figillum  nrnm  cos    una- 

iiimi  affenfu  iiro  pit'  &  confenfii  hiis  tris  fecimus  apponi.      Dat'  ap'  Croyland  in 

capitlo  iiro  hora  capitlari^more  folito  congregato.     Et  fiat  dies  fine  tempus.     Dat' 

anno  dni  m'  ccc°  xli°  ppt'  illam  conftrucocm  editam  a  bone  memorie  d'no  Johe  de 

Stratford  qndam  Cantuar'  archiepo  que  fie  incipit,  Licet  Otto  &  Ottobonus,   &c. 

Clofe  by  this  part  is  written  in  the  margin,  in  an  equally  old  hand,  "  Md  qd 

non  erat  finaliter  conclufum  in  matia  p  hoc  qd  dicit  &  fiat   dies." 

Henry  de  Cafevvyk  was  abbot  from  1324  to  1358,  yet  nothing  is  plainer  than  J. 
Dei  gr'  abbas,  &c.  and  the  date  1341. 

Queen's  College,  Cambridge,  purchafed  the  impropriation  (the  only  one  they 
have)  about  1591,  and  in  about  five  years  after  they  paid  about  xiiil.  for  a 
new  purchafe  of  it.  It  founded  about  twelve  fcholarfliips,  which  are  fo  fmall  that 
they  are  of  no  real  ufe  to  the  college.  The  college  purchafed  about  xiiil.  p  an. 
foon  after  the  living.  The  late  Mr.  Guy  Sindry,  alderman  of  Cambridge,  was 
their  leffee  here,  upon  whofe  widow's  death,  1772,  his  eftatcs  were  divided  betweca 
his  heirs  at  law. 

Names  of  pieces  of  land  held  by  the-  abbey  tenants  of  the  fee  called  Petite  In 

HokyntOn,  anno  H.  abbis  23". 

Le  Waty.  Brokfurlong.  Stratfurlong. 

Herynglond.  Littlewell  brook.  Rodelond. 

Drythowe.  Le  Caft.  Rufchefurlong. 

Stonypynde.  Langfurlong.  Rededole. 

Le  Ston.  Emcimere.  Thorn  Dayte. 

Bandole.  Toftweyeftnde.  Havveye. 

Tahoweye.  Toftweye.  Pytfurlong. 

Cutte  dc  balk.  Ilodewynefcroft.  Schortcfurlong. 

Made- 


HISTORY     OF    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D. 


85 


Madefurlong. 

l.e  Slade. 

Eldeda. 

Le  Hil. 

Gryttoiihalii. 

Gryttonmere. 

Metelond. 

Stanwelle. 

Netherthorn. 

Wranglond. 

Bandole. 

Le  Toftis. 


Boukys. 

Sandhill. 

Middilfurlong. 

Watri  furlong. 

Gofedale. 

Striveybalk. 

Wrongbek. 

Langdychwcyc. 

Le  DepQadc. 

Toftbrok. 

Stantorvveye. 

Hobbelcroft. 


Tenferd. 

Metelond. 

Stanwell. 

Bradeweyc. 

Eiemcre. 

llavenefwelle. 

Dychfudong. 

Le  Morpait. 

Le  Smeche. 

Credis. 

Sebrondych. 


The  whole  number  of  acres  xn-v  act'  di  rod',     fol.  175 — 179. 
A  precipe  of  E.  III.  to  his  efchcator  for  Cambridgefliire,  to  reflore  to  the  abbot 
of  Croyland  a  mefTuage  in  Hokyton. 

Controvcrfy  between  the  abbot  of  Croyland,  as  reftor  of  Hokynton,  and  Wil- 
liam Fraunceys,  reftor  of  Cotenham,  about  tythes  in  Weftwyck  field,  a  hamlet  of 
Cotenham,  which  the  former  refufcd  to  pay,  but  demanded  as  their  due,  13 15,  at 
the  archbilhop's  vifitation  of  Ely  diocefe,  held  in  St.  Andrew's  church  at  Hifton, 
4  non.  Jul.  1315,  by  John  de  Ros,  archdeacon  of  Salop,  &c.  who  palled  no  defi- 
nitive fentence,  but  left  it  to  the  archbifhop  and  his , council  learned  in  the  law, 
who  determined,  That  the  hamlet  and  field  of  Weftwyck  were  within  the  bounds 
and  limits  of  the  parochial  church  of  Hokynton,  appropriated  to  the  religious  of 
Croyland,  as  had  been  fully  proved  by  nine  of  their  witneffes,  "  fenes  &  valitudi- 
narii,"  and  eighteen  others. 

That  the  religious  have  taken  tythes  there  time  immemorial. 

That  the  pariftiioners  of  the  faid  hamlet  receive  the  faCraments,  are  baptized  and 
buried,  and  pay  their  tythes  in  Hokynton  church. 

That  the  rector  of  Cotenham  only  fet  up  a  mill,  called  Lowe  Mill,  which  he 
fhould  not  introduce  on  the  occafion,  and  that  his  witneffes  both  to  this  and  his 
poffeffion  of  the  tythes  contrjdift  each  other. 

This  procefs  takes  up  19  folios,  ir-m  175  to  198.  4  R.  U.  the  abbot  recovered 
feizin  of  a  placea  in  Hokynton  againfl  Thomas  Moraunt  of  London,  and  Johu  Bond 
of  Frefton.     fol.  198. 


L 


No 


S6  APPENDIX        TO        THE 


N°  XLIX. 


C  O    T    E    N    H    A    M. 

134^,  18  E.  III.  tlie  abbot  of  Croyland  and  John  de  Lifle  of  Cotenham  fettled 
their  ciifputes  in  relation  to  the  partition  of  agillments  in  fix  parts  of  Cotenham  fen, 
viz.  Smiihyfen,  Northfen,  Segchawfen,  Chaifen,  Tappynguiore,  and  Grekenhil- 
fen.  The  monies  arifing  therefrom  to  be  kept  in  a  box  in  the  cnftody  of  the  bailift' 
of  the  manors  of  the  faid  John,  or  the  bailiffs  of  the  abbot  and  of  Burdeleys. 
fol.  171. 

Mcfnd'  qd  xv  kin'  April'  fcllicet  die  Jovis  ^x'  poft  medium  quadragefime,  a°  Dni 
miltmocccxLiiii,  Scanno  regnireg'E.  tcii  poll  conqueftum  xviii,  coUocutum  fuit 
int'  alS^em  Croyland  ex  una  pte  &  dnum  Johem  de  Infula  de  Cotenham  ex  alta  pte 
in  pfencia  Sni  Siraonis  de  Drayton  Sc  dni  Warini  de  Baffingb'  &  alior'  ^bor'  £c  le- 
galium  hoium  in  ecdia  de  Cotenham  tunc  tepis  pfencium  fup  diverfis  controverfiis 
tano-entibus  fex  marifcos  in  Cotenham,  videlt  qd  iUe  marifcus  qui  vocatur  Smithyfen 
a  modo  fmglis  annis  jaceat  in  defenfoa  tepe  pur'  Be  Marie  ufq.  pott  Llcacoem  Sc  car- 
riacoem  ejufd'  &  qd  idem  marifcus  fit  partitus  p  duas  virgas  iinius  &  ejufd'  menfure 
fcittp  virgam  fexdccim  pedum  &  di  per  baillios  dcor'  d'nor'  abtSis  &  Johis  in  Coten- 
ham racione  daii  utriufq,  eor'  in  Cotenham  &:  non  racione  alicuj''  alterl'  manerii  & 
qd  nuUus  alius  ibidem  portet  virgar'  racone  alicuj''  d'nii  akerius  quam  dcor'  a&Bis 
&  Jotiis  quoad  liBacoem  faciendam.  Potefi  tamen  baits  Ic  Burdeleys  ibidem  portare 
\irgam  menfure  fupdce  ad  tepa  tand'  an'  dns  luus  habeat  qd  fi  debetur  ex  confue- 
tudine.  Potcfl:  e  bails  reftoris  de  Cotenham  temptare  p  virgam  confimilem  an'  diis 
fuus  &  liBi  tenentes  ejufd'  ville.  Qiii  eciam  marifcus  fit  ptitus  p  quarentenas  xl 
perticar'  in  longitudine  p  virgam  fupdcam.  In  quibus  oi'bs  &  fingulis  quarentenis  ca- 
piet  dnus  Johes  de  Infula  primum  call  &  dnus  abbas  scdum  call  lataliter  juxta  ipm 
equalis  menfure  &  condicois.  Et  poflea  unufquifque  de  villa  capiat  fuam  porcoem 
quam  deberet  habere  scd'  antiq'  confuetudinem  illius  ville.  Et  qd  denarii  qui  erunt 
recepti  ex  agiftamentis  in  aliis  quinque  marilcis  de  Cotenham,  fcilt  Northfen,  Si 
Seghchav/fen,  Charfen,  Tappyngmore,  &  Grekenhilfen,  fidelit'  ponent'  una  pixide 
Sc'exhaut'  in  confpectu  ballior'  d'nor' aM3is  &  Johis  fiipdcor' &  in  confpe^u  balli 
de  Burdeleys.  Que  quidem  pixis  erit  in  manerio  &  cullodia  balli  pdci  Johis  fub 
lerura  tamen  dcor'  trium  ballior'.  Et  qd  femper  a  x  denar'  exil1:ent-.'S  in  ead'  pixide 
racoe  agilitamenti  pdci  pciant'  in  tres  partes,  fcitt  qd  pdcus  Johes  habent  quatuor 
den'  &  pdcus  abbas  alios  11  n"'  den^  k  qd  le  Burdeleys  habeat  nonum  denarium. 
Item  qd  nullus  tenens  in  Cotenham  novii'  fcs  citra  tempus  meraoria  aliqd  capiat 
in  pdco  marilco  polico  in  defenfo  nifi  duntaxat  dc   porcoe  d'ni  fui.     Item  qd  pdci 

bajij 


HISTORY     OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  87 

ball!  dcor'  Johis  &  a&bis  de  maneriis  eor'  de  Cotenham  in  oiBs  execucoiBs  de  rebs 
.fupdcis  faciend'  &  in  quocunque  officio  in  ca  ptc  faciendo  fint  eqalis  poteftatis 
&condicois:  ita  tamen  qd  unufquifque  ttnus  ville  fupdce  capiat  prolicuum  amcia- 
menti  de  tenentibus  fuis  ^ppiis-^  tranfgreflione  fca  in  quocunq'  dcor'  marifcor'  & 
qd  nuHus  ttnor'  ville  de  Cotenham  in  cur'  fua  amcier  tenentem  altius  clni  racoetranf- 
greffionis  tee  in  aliquo  dcor'  marifcor'.  Et  continget  aliquem  lib'  tenent'  vcl  aliuin 
extraneum  amciari  in  cur'  dcor'  ctnor'  Johis  &  abbis  racoe  alicuj''  tranfgreffionis  in 
pdcis  marifcis  fee  j)ficuum  inde  pveniens  cqualic'  dividit'  int'  pdcos  cfno?  Joliem 
&  abbem.  Quos  des  ^  fingulos  articulos  fupJcos  d'nus  abbas  Croiland  tolerat 
quoufq,  melius  fuerit  confultus  &  edoftus  de  pdcis,  videk  an  aliquis  dcor'  articlor' 
tollerator'  ab  abbe  fit  in  pjudicium  d'nii  fui  in  Cotenham.     fol.  171.  b. 

Names  of  the  Abbot's  demefne  Lands  here,  to  be  meafured  by  the  Perch  of  fixteen 

Royal  Feet «. 


On  Threrodehull. 

In  Holm  medow. 

In  the  Battes  at  Aldcburghhaye. 

In  Flegydole. 

In  Bradmedoru. 

In  Holmhutt. 

On  the  Hekiland. 

In  Nortlong. . 

In  Mikelhaldeburgh. 

Foulfen. 

In  Littlehaldeburgh, 

Fritfen. 

Grant  of  Lands  in  Cambridge/hire  by  King  Stephen. 

STEFFI  ANUS  rex  Angl',  epo  de  Ely  &  judiciar'  vicecom'  miniftris  &  oi'Bs  fi-- 
delibs  fuis  de  Cantebrigfchire  fal'.  Sciatis  me  conceffifle  &  donaffe  eccie  Sci  Guth- 
Itici  &  mochis  in  ea  Deo  fervientib'  in  ppct'  elemos'  quietanciam  de  Dangelt,  de 
Hydag',  &  de  Murdred,  &  de  01  sclari  confuetud'  &  exaccoe  xui  hyd'  &  di  hyd' 
tre  fue  in  Cantebrigfchr,  vid'  in  Cotenham  v  hid'  &  dr.  in  tlokynton  in  hid',  & 
in  Draiton  v  hid',  (P  falute  mea  &  puor'  meor'  &  ^  aTa  reg'  Henr'  avunculi  mei  & 
p  aiabs  pdeceffor'  meor'  regum  Angl'  8c:  p  aia  Matild'  reg'  uxis  mee  8c  Eufl:achii 
filii  mei  &  j)  aiabs  oium  fidelium  defunft'.  Quare  volo  &  pcipio  qd  ecclia  ilia  & 
monachi  in  ea  Deo  ferv'  xin  hid'  &  di  bene  &  in  pace,  libe  &  quiete  teneant  ab 
01  feclari  confuetud'  &  exacoe  imppetuum  ficut  eis  concede  &■  hac  pfenti  carta  con- 
firmo.     Teft'  Henr'  de  Eflex  &  aliis. 

27  E.  I.  1299,  the  abbot  juftified  his  claim  of  view  of  frank  pledge,  \Ycyf,  and 
infangtheof,  in  Cotenham,  Hokynton,  and  Drayton,  before  the  juitices  itinerant 
at  Cambridge,     fol.  174. 

*  XT  I  ped'  reg'. 


w. 


88  A     P '  r    E    N    D     I    X        T     O        T     H     E 

N^  L. 

Monks    H  o  s  t  l  e    In    CAMBRIDGE. 

Mortifacio    CoUegii    Monachorum  Jludencium     Cantebrig\     Anno 

Joh'is  AbbHs  \]\ 

HENRICUS  Dei  gra,  rex  Angl'  &  Franc'  &:  dnus  Hibernie,  mBs  ad  quos 
nfentes  tic  pvenerint  falutem.  Monftraverunt  nobis  &  confilio  iiio  abbas  & 
conventus  de  Croyland  ordinis  Sci  Benedifli  qualiter  gentes  ejufd'  regionis  ^  majori 
pre  infra  vegnum  nrum  Anglie  juxta  difcrecioes  fuas  certos  commonachos  fuos  ad 
Icohis  univerfitatis  Cantebrigg  ibidem  in  jure  canonico  &  facra  fcriptura  informandos 
iituntur  invenire,  qui  quidem  abbas  &  conventus  nee  aliquis  de  ordine  pdco  aliquod 
hofpicium  five  manfionem  de  fuo  ^pio  infra  dcam  villain  Cantebrigg'  ordinal'  pro 
commonachis  fuis  p  ipfos  ad  fcolas  univerfitatis  pdce  taliter  deftinatis  nifi  cum  pfo- 
nis  fccularibus  in  hofpiciis  fuis  commoratur  non  habentes,  ficq^  monachi  pdci  tarn 
reliuiofe  scdm  formam  &  regulam  j>feffionis  &  ordinis  fuor'  traftari  feu  gubernari 
non^pofTunt  prout  deberent  in  cafu  quo  ipfi  in  certo  loco  exiftent'  inliabitantes.  Nos 
confiderantes  qd  abbatia  pdca  de  fundacione  nobilium  ^pgenitor'  iiror'  &  nro  prona- 
■tu  exiftit  &  jP  eo  qd  difti  abbas  &  conventus  &  fucceffores  fui  ^  flatu  iiro  dum 
vixerimus  &  pro  aia  ura  cum  ab  hac  luce  migravimus  ac  ^  aiaBs  dcor'  nobilium 
xigenitor'  nror'  spalius  exorabunt,  de  avifamento  &  affenfu  confilii  nri,  &  ^  duo- 
decini  marcis  nobis  folutis  in  hanapio  nro,  conceffimus  &  licenciam  dedimus  venera- 
bilibus  pribus  Thome  Dunolm'  &  Wilfo  Norwicen'  epis  ac  Jolie  Here  de  Chy- 
derle  qd  ipfi  duo  mefuagia  cum  ptin'  in  pcchia  Sci  Egidii  in  difta  villa  Cantebrigg' 
que  de  nobis  in  burgagio  tenentur,  &  que  valorem  quadraginta  &  fex  folidor'  & 
ofta  denarior'  p  ann'  non  excedunt,  ficut  p  quandam  inquificionem  coram  Wilto 
Walker  efcaetore  nro  in  com'  Cantebrigg'  de  inandato  iiro  captam  &  in  cancellar' 
lira  retornatain  cfl  comptum  dare  poffint  &  concedere  pdcis  abl3i  &:  conventui  ha- 
beiid'  ?c  tenend'  fibi  &  fucceflbribus  fuis  imppetuum  &  eifdem  aMJi  &  conventui 
qd  ipfi  mefuagia  pdca  cum  ptin'  pfatis  epis  &  Jotie  recipcre  poffint  &  tenere  fibi 
8c  eifd'  fucceiforis  fuis  imppetuum  tenore  pfencium  firailiter  licenciam  dedimus  fpia- 
lem  :  ftatuto  de  tris  &  ten'  ad  manum  mortuam  non  ponend'  edito  aut  aliquo  alio 
flatuto  five  ordinacione  in  contrarium  fco  non  obftantibus.  Provilo  femper  qd  om- 
nes  monachi  del  ordinis  Sci  Benedi<fti  infra  regnum  hrum  pdcm  aut  alibi  fub  iira 
fubjeccione  cvpfTe  ^fefTi  fcolas  exercentes  in  mefuagiis  pdcis  infimul  commorantes 
exillunt  scchn  ordinacionem  in  general!  capitulo  ejufd'  ordinis  inde  faciend'  :  nolen- 
tes  qd  pdci  cpi  &  Johts  &  tiedes  fui  aut  pfati  abbas  &  conventus  aut  fucceffores  fui 
racoe  pmiifor'  p  nos  vel  hcredes  hros,  julHc',  efcaetores,  vicecomites  aut  alios  bal- 
hvos  feu  minillros  Tiros  vel  heredum  nror'  quofcunque  inde  occafionentur,  moleften- 

tur 


HISTORY    OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  89 

tur  in  aliquo,  feu  graventur.  Salvis  tamen  nobis  &  heredibus  iiris  ferviciis  inde  de- 
biiis  &  confuetis.  In  cujiis  rci  tcftimonium  lias  tras  iiras  fieri  fecimus  patentes. 
Telle  meipfo  ap'  Weftmonafterium  feptimo  die  Julii,  anno  rcgni  fexto.    fol.  215. 

Mr.  Cole  qucflioned  vvlietlicr  this  curious  deed  be  flill  exifting  any  where  cITc* 
It  is  written  in  the  hand  of  the  time.  William  Alnewyk  was  bifliop  of  Norwich 
6  H.  VI.  1428,  at  which  time  Thomas  Langley  was  bifliop  of  Durham. 

Seven  pages  of  this  rcgiller,  from  fol.  199  to  fol.  206,  contain  Domcfday  for 
Huniingdonlhire,  or,  in  the  words  of  the  regiller, 

"  Hie  annotantur  tcrre  de  Huntingdon  fcher'  fjcuti  annotant'  in  magno  rotulodc 
"  Wyntoii':' 

From  thence  to  folio  213  other  records  of  lands  in  the  fame  county  held  bv 
different  religious  houfes. 


N°   LI. 

MORBORNE,     co.    Huntingdon. 

"  ABBAS  Croiland  tenet  manerium  &  villam  de  Morburn  in  libam,  puram  & 
ppetuam  elemofinam  de  dono  d'ni  regis  Edgari  quondam  regis  Angl'.  Et  curia  dci 
maneriicum  gardino  continet  in  fe  xxx  acras.  Ad  totam  dcam  villam  ptinent  v  hide 
tre  &  di  &  una  virgata  tre  :  quor'  quelt  hida  continet  iiii  virgatas  tre  &  quett 
virgata  tie  continet  in  fe  xxx  acras.  De  ([uibus  hidas  dcs  abb'  tenet  in  d'nico  unam 
hidam  &  unam  virgatam  tre  que  continent  ut  fup*.  It'  habet  ibid'  vi  acras  pti. 
It' ht  ibid' pafluram  fepal' que  continet  unam  acram.  It'  he  ibid'  unum  molend' 
ventrit'.  Lib' tenent'*  d'nus  Henr' pfona  de  Morburn  tenet  unum  mcfuag'  &  di- 
virgat'  tre  ad  volunt'  abbis  Croyland  reddendo  inde  p  an'  dco  abbi  viii  s." 

[By  the  fide  of  this  in  a  very  old  hand,  "  M'd  q'd  hida  continet  iiii  virgatas  t're  &  virgat' 
continet  xxxta  acras."  This  authority  fettles  the  flandard  of  t!ie  hide  and  virgalc,  at  leaftfor 
this  part  of  the  kingdom,  and  confirms  Mr.  Agard's  conjefture,  that  a  hide  contained  feven 
fcore  acres,  though  as  to  his  fuppofition,  that  a  hide  and  carucate  were  the  fame,  it  is  eafily 
confuted  by  this  Domefday  for  Huntingdonfhire,  where  in  almoft  every  article  mention  is 
made  of  both.  In  his  Dimenfions  of  Land  in  England,  publiihed  in  Hearne's  Cblleftion  of 
Curious  Difcourfes,  1720,  p.  75 — 78.  he  fays,  that  in  Fcnton,  a  town,  I  tliink,  in  Hunting- 
donfhire, a  virgate  was  taken  for  thirty  acres.  Hearne,  in  liis  preface,  p.  Ixxxi.  fays,  the  roll  of 
I'f'^tnton  was  made  by  order  of  Alfred,  fo  that  the  red  letter  title  before  noticed  muft  refer 
to  fome  other  "  great  roll  of  Winchefier,"  as  it  mentions  both  Edward  and  William  the 
Conqueror.  Domefday  Book  got  its  name  from  being  lodged  in  a  houfe  at  W'incliefter  cal- 
led Domus  Dei.  This  may  therefore  be  a  tranfcript  from  that  book.  Mr.  Hi^arne  (loc. 
cit.)  laments  there  are  no  more  boundaries  of  counties,  fucli  as  that  publiilhed  Lv  him  at 
the  end  of  Sprot's  Chronicle  between  Cambridgefliire  and  Huniingdonihire.  'J'his  Croy- 
land Regiller  furniflies  another  between  Cambridgefhire  and  Lincolnfliire.     Mr.  Cole.] 

*  The  number  of  tenants  was  never  put  duwn,  but  a  blank  fpace  left  for  tlieni. 
4.  Th^ 


90  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

The  jury  of  Normancros  hundred,  13  E.  I.  prefent  that  the  abbot  of  Croyland 
"  fubtraxic  unam  fedtam  com'  de  meufe  in  menje  &  hundr'  pdci  de  in  feptimanis 
in  III  feptimanas  que  fieri  debent  p  ten'  qd  id'  ab'  teiit  in  Morburn  jam  quadragin- 
ta  &  quinque  annis  elapfis  fine  licentia  h  voluntate,  &c."  The  abbot;  denied  the 
charge,  and  was  acquitted.  The  flierift'  returned  that  the  fuit  was  due  for  the  (he- 
riff's  aid,  and  that  the  hundred  of  Normancros  was  in  the  hands  of  the  abbot  of 
Thorney,  "  qui  non  fequitur  verfus  pdcm  ab'  de  Croiland,  ideo  quod  feftam  hun- 
dr' nihil  ad  pfens,  falvo  live  d'ni  regis  cum  tempus  hoc  popofcerit,  &c."     fol.  209. 

Among  the  abbot's  tenants  in  Morburn  was  the  re£lor.  The  farmers,  neifs,  and 
cottagers,  of  that  place  and  Oggerfton,  did  the  accuftomed  fervices  beforementioned 
under  Wellingborough.  Some  of  their  payments  were  made  twice  a  year  on  the 
feflivals  of  St.  Bartholomew  and  St.  Guthlac. 


N°  LII. 


B     A     S     T     O     N,    CO.    L I N  c. 


TH  E  abbot  having  fued  John  Witham  of  Baflon,  gentyhnan,  for  the  damages 
hereunder  fet  forth,  and  brought  it  to  an  outlawry,  he  made  his  fubmifRon  in 
the  following  bond.     See  p.  67. 

"  This  bill  made  at  Donedylfe  the  XX'' day  of  May,  in  the  yere  of  ourfovaign  lorde 
kyng  Herry  Sext  xxxiii,  witncfferh,  that  wher  I  John  Witham  of  Baflon,  fquicr, 
have  claymed  to  have  weyfe  and  ftray  in  the  vvaflys  of  the  town  of  Ballon,  and  as 
hit  furmitted  by  my  lord  John  abbot  of  Croiland  uppon  on  nie  yt  I  Ihuld  now  late 
ha .  .  .  in  the  waft  of  the  fayd  town  11  horfe  be  the  fame  caufe,  of  the  which  11 
horfe,  forfoihe,  I  .  .  . .  that  I  tooke  one,  for  the  wich  I  ofFir  me  to  fatisfie  my  fayd 

lord  by  his  advice  and  Hi Benynton  his  ftuard.      And  -as  towching  the  tother 

horfe,  forfothe,  I  toke  noon  nor  hadde  noon,  and  yt  I  offir  .  . .  declare  me  in  fuch 
wyfe  as  lliall  be  acceptable  to  my  fayd  lord.  And  wher  my  fayd  lord  hath  furmit- 
ted uppon  meyt  I  Ihuld  do  felle  and  carrye  away  certen  welowcs,  grovyng  in  the 
waft  of  the  faid  town,  I  kno*lege  and  confefle  yt  the  fayd  wclowes  ware  filled  and 
caried  away  lyke  as  my  fayd  lord  hath  fe\  d  ;  bot  truly  1  hadd  noon  of  them,  nor  no  . . 
nor  vayle  of  them,  bot  the  kyrkgreves  of  the  town  of  Barton  hadde  them.  And 
lo  as  touching  that  poynt  I  will  declare  me  fo  to  my  fcid  lord  yt  he  fliall  hold 
hym  content.  And  as  touchyng  a  pcell  of  ground  of  my  fe)d  loide  of  Croyland, 
conteynyng  by  eftimacion  halfe  an  acre,  the  which  I  have  takyn  into  my  place  in 
Bafton  and  clofid  hit,  1  pray  my  fc)  d  lord  yt  hit  lyke  hym  to  take  another  parcell 
therfor  of  myn  in  efchaunge  by  the  advice  of  bis  lerned  counfell.  And  as  touch- 
yng 


HISTORY     OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D. 


91 


yng  holdyrtg  of  my  couite  in  the  chapel  of  Barton,  the  which  ftandeth  on  the 
waft  of  the  feyd  roun,  I  qraunte  to  my  feyd  Irtrd  of  Croyland,  and  lO  his  fuccef- 
foLires  fro  hens  forwai-d  for  me  and  myn  heyres  never  no  courte  10  hold  in  the 
■feyd  chapel,  for  as  much  as  I  confefle  and  know  by  this  pfent  wrytyng  that  the 
waRys  Of  the  feyd  toun  longe  and  anp'eineofryghre  to  hymand  not  to  me.  As  touch- 
yng  yt  my  feyd  lord  claymeth  homage  of  me  and  futc  to  his  cour:e  in  Baflon,  fro 
III  wekes  to  m  wekes  and  11  pound  of  white  incenfe  for  a  piuce  of  ionde  cal- 
led Boicoregrene,     I  fey  that  oon    Herry,  pdecelfor  of  my  faiJ  lordes,  by  a  tre 

undyr  his  covent  feale,  of  the  which  tre  the  copy  foloweth  hereafter. 

fHere  a  grant  in  Latin  from  abbot  Plenry  to'Simon  d  Drieby  and  heirs,  of  Boicote- 
grene,  on  the  fame  terms  as  his  father  Robert  held  it,  paying  as  above,  &c.  &c.] 
graunted  to  oon  Simond  Diieby,  oon  of  whofo  hevrcs  I  am,  to  pay  to  hym  and 
to  his  fucceffoures  11  tb.  of  white  incenfe  for  all  man'  svice.  And  fo  I  undirdcnd 
not  that  my  feyd  lord. will  clayme  any. homage  or. fute  to  courte  of  mc  in  this  cafe 
as  for  Boicotegrene,  and  that  I  will  reporte  me  to  his  lerned  counfell.  And  as  touch- 
yng  the  incenfe  I  will  truly  content  hym  therof  with  the  arrerage  of  the  fame,  be- 
fechyng  hym  of  a  day  of  payn>ent  unto  the  fefte  of  Seynt  Barthelemewe  next  com- 
ynge.  And  yf  ther  be  any  other  offence,  trefpace,  or  grevaunce  doon  by  me  to  my 
feyd  lorde,  and  alfo  as  touchyn^  expens  and  collage  of  certen  fuyde 

agayn  lorde  of  Croyland  I  ofFyr  me  by  this  pfeat  wrytyng  ob 

tlie  rule  &  ordinaunce  of  my  feyd  lorde  and  Ric 

to  this  pfent  wrytyng  John  Withara. 

fol.  217.  II 8. 

Capella  Sa?tBi  Johannis  EvangeUfle  de  Baft  on. 

UNIV,  Uc.  "Ricus  Dyklim'  in  decrctis  licent'  pfidens  cone'  Line'  fal'.  Cum  pm 
fit  &  tneritorinm'ac  confonum  eqoitati  ibi  pcipue  teftimoniinn  veritati  phibere  ubi 
de  dedicaclone  alicujus  loci  ad  culrum  divinura  deputati  in  dubium  valeat  revocari  vre 
igitur  unive'-'^.ta:i  tenore  pset'  innotefciraus  quradam  capellam  ab  antiquo  effe  con- 
flrudram  ob  honorem  Sci  Johis  ?.vangeli(te  in  villa  de  Ballon,  Line'  dioc',  optenta 
primitus  licenc'a  de  relig'  viris  a&Be  ic  cov'  de  Croyland  ordinis  Sci  Bnd'ci  racoe 
flnii  ibid'  ptinent'  ad  eos  in  quor'  quid'  fundo  dca  capella  dinofcitur  edificarl.  Et 
quia  antedc?  capella  de  novo  efl  fufficienter  dotata  ad  fuftentacoem  ^p  ppetuo  11  cai- 
pellan'adminuscelebraturor' in  quad'  capella  in  hon'  Nativ'  B.  Marie  inibi  edificate 
&  annexa  pfate  capelle  Sci  Johis  Evangelille  igitur  Aldermannus  cujufd'  gilde  five 
fratnitatis  tente  ibid'  in  hon'  Nativ'  B.  M.  V.  cum  fribs  fuis  multipliciter  inflevit 
penes  rev.  in  X°  patr'  &  dnm  dompnum  Joliem  abb'  de  Croyland  pdift'  &  ejus'  co- 
vent'  quatinus  dignarentur  impendere  eor'  afTenfum  Sc  liccnciam  ut  pfata  ca;  clla 
dedicari  valeat  in  hon'  Sci  Johis  Evangelille  cum  verifimilit'  non  redundabit  in 
eor'  pjudic'  five  gravamen  fed  pocius  in  futuris  tpbus  magnum  emolunientum  five 
comniodum  deveiiiet  p  hoc  ibm  ipfor'  vicario." 

,On  their  confenting  Thomas  Balfcote  alias  Cleforde,  Doifler  in  decrees,  fuffragan  to 
John  abp.  of  Canterbury,  the  fee  of  Lincoln  being  vacant  by  the  death  of  Marmad. 
Lumley  (vk'hence  coriei.4  WiliisJ  did  it  as  above,  Sept.  )  ^,   Hji-     fo'-  ^i^- 

M  ■  Abbo. 


52  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

Abbot  Henry  had,  i»  i347>  agreed  with  John  the  vicar,  that  he  fliovild  celebrate 
al!  maffes  in  this  chapel  except  on  Eafterday,  and  thence  on  Suncays  and  feflivals 
to  October  i^  and  the  great  daily  mafs  (magna  njiffa  de  die  cum  nota  S  .p  proxi- 
mos  dies  dominicales)  and  on  feftivals  (&  in  dieb'  profeftis  E  ann'  mifla  licet  non 
cum  nota),  which  were  to  be  celebrated  in  the  paiifli  church,     fol.  218, 


N°  LIII. 

HOLBECHE. 


Robert  Littlebury,  knt.  and  his  ancellors  held  lands  here  and  in  Whaplode  of 
the  abbot  of  Croyland,  as  of  the   foke  of  Gedney  from  long  before  the  reign  of 
E,  III.  when  they  began  to  intermit  payment  for  12  years  and  incurred  an  arrcar: 
For  his  own  and  his  iien's  table  with  the  abbot  of  Croyland,  xl\. 

farm  of  cythes  in  Whaplode,  ixt. 

denariis  fjtutuo  rerepiis,  (mcney  hoTWWedy)  xiit. 

feveral  horfes  borrowed  and  not  reftored,  iv  t. 

trees  bought,  i  v  marcs, 
his  funeral  legacy,  x  t. 

Lxt.   XIII  s.   ivd. 


John  Littlebury  gave  the  abbot  divers  jewels  in  payment  of  the  above  rents  and 
debts.  On  his  death  the  eftate  caaie  between  his  widow  jnd  fon  Robert.  She  re- 
gularly for  her  time  paid  xs.  pann,  and  on  her  death,  29  H.  VI.  her  fon  came 
into  the  whole,  and  having  never  paid  any  rent  from  his  firft  takiug  it,  20  H. 
VI.  to  32  H.  VI.  was  diftrayned  on  for  the  rent.     fol.  219. 


N« 


HISTORY    OF'CROYLAND.  93 

N°  LIV. 

\V    H    A    P    L    O    D   E. 

'the  Value  of  the  Vicarage. 

Quasre.    Whether  the  vicar  may  advance  (extenderc)  it  to  xix  s.  m  ct.  more.     It 
appeared  that  he  received, 

From  VI  ftone  (petra)  of  butter  at  vin  3.  each,  iv  s. 

From  iiiiLX  ftone  of  cheefe,  tythe  of  v^xi  cows,  at  ivd'.  p  flone,       xx  s. 

Tythe  of  yi^xvii  cows  and  a  half,  at  ivd.  each,  xlvs.  x  3'. 

Tythe  of  vm^ix  cows,  at  i  3.  each,  xivs.  id. 

Tythe  of  XV  tytheable  calves,  at  xxd.  xxvs. 

Tythe  of  0^</vJ  for  Wn^  and  vii  calves,  each  calf  4-3.      xvs.  viiid.  oB. 

In  Cokwax  and  Romepeny  of  ^{^  and  xii.  Lxvixs.  viii  3. 

Do?nicir  coiijugat\  each  iiid.  114. 

XLixdomicil'  viduar  &  aliar* perfonar',  a  11  3.  X  s.  11  d.  11  q. 

Several  acres  of  hay,  at  ind.  11  d.  0^.  11  d.  and  i  3.  each. 

XX  virgates  of  hay,  for  tyihe  of  y"  acres,  each  xiid. 

Tythe  of  honey  and  wax  and  fuarmys  apum. 

Tythe  of  oddys,  fleeces,  and  lambs. 

Tythe  of  Tlccc  reeds,  at  a  halfpenny  p  c. 

Tythe  of  colts. 

Tythe  of  pigeons. 

Tythe  of  pigs. 

Tythe  of  geefe  i  3.  each.  &  oddys  aucarwn,  each  odde  a  halfpenny. 

Eafter  offerings,  on  Eafter  Sunday  and  the  two  principal  days  following,  of 

pevfons  then  firft  communicating  a  halfpenny  each. 
Mortuaries,  living  aad  dead. 
Alterage  in  purific   muHer'  nubencium. 
AherAge /ekniis  annive/far''  feptenis  &  trecentar*  dieFs. 
Alterage  ac  diebus  fepuhur\ 

Wax  on  the  Purification  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  vi  s.  viii  3'. 

OfTeriPfjn  in  the  chapels  of  Holy  Trinity,  St.  Catherine  and  St.  John  Baptift. 
Money  Lbhic"  in  baptifmati:,  "vijltac'  aulier'  <&  in  nupciis. 
Every  Sunday  in  the  year  except  Ealter  Sunday,  cum  pane   bcncdi<5lo  i3.  cB. 

in  the  year  VI  s.   vm3.  11  q. 
Kent  camerar'  presiitorum  piircic/jiaT,  vis-  viii  3. 

Mz  Al. 


54  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

Allov/arite  for  horle  hire  for  the  faid  priefts  to  vifit  the  fick,  vi  s.  vni  S.  p  an; 

■Sma  xxviii  t.  xviis.  xxct. 

Charges  on  the  vicar,  for  two  chart lins  vi  i.  a  table  for  them  civs,  rooms  at  vi  s. 
VIII  3.  a  horfe  to  vifi:  the  fick  vi  s,  viu  3.  and  out  of  the  fees  for  baptihns, 
vifiting  lying-in-women,  and  fick,  a.id  for  weddings  and  confefiions  xl  s. 

■Sma  XIII  t.  xvii  s. 
Synodals  and  archdeaconal  procurations,  xiv  s.  vi  d. 

Tenths,  xl  s. 

Vifitations  of  the  ordinary,  xiiis.  ivd. 

Bread  and  wine  at  Eafter,  v  s.  iv  3. 

\Ya.)(  dndfudura  cjiifdem,  xiiis.  vid. 

Entertaining  three  clerks  and  others  that  may  come  on  the  thi  e 

principal  days,  xiiis.  iv  d. 
Repairs  of  the  vicarage,  one  year  with  another,  xxxiii  s.  ivd. 
Repairs  of  the  chancel  nothing  in  his  time. 

VI  t.   XIII  s.   iiid. 


Then  follows  the  abbot's  exceptions  :  the  vicar  differs  from  his  comejlcs  as  to 
perfonal  tidies,  of  which  they  fay  nothing,  alfo  as  to  the  value  of  the  ofleriugs  in 
the  three  chapels,  of  the  wax  on  the  purification,  the  pay,  &c.  of  the  two  priefts, 
the  number  ot  the  pariftiioners.  The  w  itnefles  on  the  abbot's  part  gave  in  a  lower  va- 
luation, amounting  to  xxxiii  1.  xis.  o3.  ii  q.  The  abbot,  however,  was  willing 
to  allow  the  faid  vicar,  for  each  of  the  priefts  vid[.  per  day,  on  each  of  the  prin- 
cipal days  and  for  their  table  xlvi  s.  and  viii  3.  each,  and  for  their  lodging  xiii  s. 
IV  d.  Total  of  the  vicar's  charge  xv  1.  xviii  s.  Remains  clear  to  him  xix  t.  xviii  s^ 
via  d.     fol.  219 — 222. 

Aid  to  be  payed  to  the  abbot  of  Croyland  in  the  fifth  yeare  of  abbot  Litlingtou- 
among  others  by  the  receiver  of  Croyland,  and  the  keeper  of  one  lady's  light.  To- 
tal LXIII  S.    Ivd. 

Then  follow  various  fines  levied  by  the  fheriffs  of  I.incolnfhire,  and  warrants  to 
apprehend  offenders,  &c.  to  the  bailiff  of  the  abbot's  liberty  in  the  reign  of  E. 
IV.  The  following  is  curious  as  it  fhevvs  who  was  chancellor  of  England  for  the 
fliort  period  of  poor  king  Henry  Vlth's  reilitution  which  is  omitted  by  Sir  Wil- 
liam Diigdale  in  his  Chronica  feries : 

"  Johes  Afcough,  armig',  vie'  Line',  baltio  ville  de  Croyland,  &c.  tibl  maudo 
qd  capias  Jotiem  Nutkyn  de  Croyl',  fen',  yoman,  ita  qd  habeas  corpus  ejus  cor' 
dno  rege  in  cr°  Sci  Hill'  ad  relp'  veiiahili  patri  archiep'  Ebor' canceli' dni  regis  An- 
gliie  de  ptit'  tuo.  Dat'  fub  figillo  oiiicii  mei  xvi  Jan.  anno  ab  inchoacoe  ;.  r. 
Henrici  Scxti  xix,  &  rcadej  eoni:.  fuc  poteflatis  anno  priino." 


D/- 


HISTORY    OF    CROYLAND;  95 

Difpute  between  the  Abbot  of  Croyland  and  the  Parl/hioners  of 
U'baplode  about  Trees  growing  in  the  Church  Yard  at  PVhap- 
lode^    1 48 1. 

FEB.  13,  148  ij  21  E.  IV.  came  Alan  Dawfon,  the  abbot's  bailiff,  to  abbo^ 
Richard  to  inform  him  that  the  parlfl'jioners  of  Whaplode  intended  to  come  and 
afk  leave  to  cut  down  all  the  trees  in  their  church  }ard,  "  ;id  relevacoem  ciijufd' 
nove  fabrice,"  in  the  faid  church.  The  abbot  replied,  "  They  are  mine  as  pa- 
tron and  redtor  of  the  church,  and  I  will  not  have  them  taken  down.  I  know  not  if 
they  be  fit  for  the  purpofe.  1  think  they  are  but  lately  grown,  fince  the  laft  fall. 
(Arbitor  enini  quod  7wn  fiint  72  ft  novelle  crefcencie  a  tempore  ultime  fuccifonis.J  If 
they  are  confiderable  enough  to  be  fold  I  willdifpofe  of  them,  and  apply  them  ac- 
cording to  mv  difcretion,  to  improve  your  church."  Alan,  who  had  been  privy  to  . 
the  fale  (vendic'o'is  cortfcius)  immediately  confeit  he  had  fold  the  trees  to  different 
perfons  in  the  name  of  the  whole  town.  The  abbot  pofitively  forbad  the  cutting  them . 
down  till  his  fteward  could  certify  about  them.  Alan  alledeed  the  bounty  of  for 
mer  abbots  who  had  given  the  patifhioners  the  faid  trees.  The  abbot  faid  they  had 
given  away  only  a  certain  number,  and  he  fhould  do  the  fame.  Alan  went  away 
diffatisfied,  and  told  his  neighbours  what  anfvvcr  he  had  received.  Shortly  aftei 
three  of  them  came  to  the  abbot  to  afic  in  the  name  of  the  parilhioners  and  neigh- 
bours for  trees  for  the  new  work  of  the  church,  but  received  the  fame  anfwer. 
On  the  Thurfday  after  Afli  Wednefday  "  Richard  Keele,  vicar,  William  Hahoft, 
efq.  and  Robert  Andrewe,  of  the  fame  town,  came  to  the  abbot  to  ask  his  leave 
in  the  name  of  their  neighbours  to  cut  down  all  the  trees  for  the  benefit  of  tha  • 
church,  as  they  had  heretofore  done.  The  abbot  promifed  his  final  anfwer  after 
his  fle^vard  had  viewed  them  next  day,  and  that  he  would  make  them  as  handfome 
an  allowance  out  of  their  value  towards  the  repair  of  the  church,  as  any  of  his"; 
prtdeceffors,  refcrving  to  himfelf  one  quarter  of  the  money  they  might  fell  for,  or 
part  of  them  Handing,  as  a  mark  of  his  right.  They  replied  they  could  not  an- 
fwer for  the  people,  and  were  afraid  the  trees  would  be  cut  down  before  they  got 
home,  or  if  they  had  not  aftnaliy  begun  they  would  in  defiance  of  them  :  therefore 
it  would  be  better  to  proceed  on  tlie  old  prelcriptive  ]ilan.  The  abbot  anfwered, 
*'  Where  is  the  confiflencv  of  your  conduft,  to  ask  my  leave,  and  then  alledge  a  pre- 
fcripiivc  right?  Let  my  lievvard  or  one  of  my  fervants  view  ihem  to-morrow,  and  fee 
how  or  to  whom  vou  have  fold  them,  and  when  the  money  is  to  be  paid,  and  he_ 
fcajl  excufe  you  from  paying  more  money  for  them,  only  refcrving  to  me  one  fourth 
to  keep  vro  my  right  "  'i'his  laft  article  was  to  much  for  tiiem  to  digeff,  and  tlicy 
faid  publicly  in  the  abbot's  hall  that  the  trees  fhould  come  dow  wherher  he  would 
or  P.O.  Next  day  the  abbot  fent  Lambert  FoCcuike,  his  (leward,  wi'h  John  Okc- 
ley  and  Simon  Ilerris,  to  view  the  trees  and  claiin  liis  fliue  of  them,  i^iving  up 
the  reft  10  the  parilhi.ncrs  for  the  ufe  of  chcir  church.     The  lleward  in  his  riding 

"  PeftJ'.m  cinen's. 


96  A     P     P     E    N     D     I    X        T     O        T     II     E 

Hicf;,  ^  wjih  ills  compnnlcns  turned  into  tlic  church  to  hear  mafs,  which  behig  ended 
they  went  to  the  people  who  were  cutting  down  the  trees  in  thechnrch  yard  faying 
to  then;  God  fpccae  felozvx.  They  replied  God  fo  do.  The  llewaid  asked  by  what 
luithority  they  did  this-,  they  anfwered.  By  tlie  confent  and  order  uf  the  town(tiip. 
Th  '  fleward  cahnly  rejoined,  I,  in  the  name  of  my  naafier,  the  abbot  of  Croyhind, 
i-edloi'  and  patron  of  this  church,  in  whom  the  right  is,  forbid  you  to  proceed  till 
I  have  had  fome  further  converfation  with  the  parilhioners,  and  then  you  may 
proceed  as  we  direft.  They  looked  askew  at  him,  and  faid  "  What  feys  yon  monk  } 
"  By  the  Lord's  wounds  we  would  go  on  though  the  abbot  himfelf  were  here,  and 
"  we  tell  you  if  he  were  here  we  would  cut  his  head  off."  The  fleward  making  to- 
wards the  church  for  his  fafety,  the  woodcutters  left  their  work,  anJ  made  at  him 
with  their  Qiarp  hatchets  and  axes  to  drag  him  into  theitreet  and  cut  off  his  head. 
One  of  them,  better  advifed  than  the  reft,  went  to  the  vicar,  who  was  hearing  con- 
fcffions  in  the  church,  to  tell  him  how  angry  the  people  were ;  he  came  out  with 
the  rell  of  the  priefls  and  people  to  relcue  the  fleward,  and  get  him  within  the 
church.  The  enraged  populace  to  the  number  of  about  fixteen  ruflied  on  him 
and  dragged  him  fo  furiouily  by  his  riding  hood  "=  that  they  almoll  flrangled  him, 
tore  his  coat  in  pieces,  and  took  away  his  purfe,  containing  gold  and  filver  to  pay 
fcveral  perAms,  a  filver  ring,  and  other  records'*  from  his  fde  before  the  chan- 
cel door.  One  of  them  threw  a  hatcher  at  him,  which,  being  warded  off  by  ano- 
ther man's  arm,  wounded  the  foot  of  a  third  who  ftood  by.  At  the  earneft  entrea- 
ty of  feveral  of  the  parilhioners,  the  vicar,  and  other  priefls,  he  was  refcued  and 
fafely  lodged  in  the  veflry,  and  the  reft  returning  to  work  gave  the  key  to  the  vi- 
car and  William  Haltoft,  with  a  ftrift  charge  not  to  let  him  out  till  he  had  written 
a  letter  in  his  own  hand  to  fend  to  the  abbot  to  the  following  effedt  and  (hewn  it 
to  them : 

"  Rigth  worfhipful  fadre,  pleifeth  your  goode  fadrehode  to  undreftond  that  I 
was  in  point  to  have  bien  llayn  by  the  comenalce  of  the  town  of  Whapiode,  for 
that  yei  have  not  yeire  defire  according  as  of  old  yei  have  hadde.  Wherfor  pleafe 
it  yow  to  fend  the  coen  feale  that  thei  may  have  the  tres  in  pefible  pofleffion  to  the 
^5tite  allonly  of  the  chirch  of  Whapiode,  and  thei  to  aske  a  licence  of  you  and 
vour  fnccelibrs,  and  that  ye  nor  your  fucceflbrs  (hall  not  vex  non  of  the  town 
forfeid  for  fellyng  of  the  trees  at  this  tyme,  nor  troublyng  of  me,  or  els  I  can  not 
fieparte  nor  cum  home  from  them  unto  fuch  tyme  as  ye  feale  them  according  to 
this  dilire." 

This  letter,  having  been  read  to  them  by  the  vicar,  was  fent  away  to  the  abbot 
by  Alan  Dawfon  beforementioned,  who  was  to  bring  back  a  deed  fealed  wsth  the 
abbey  feal  by  fix  o'clock  that  day,  or  two  facks,  one  for  the  (teward's  head,  and 
the  other  for  his  body.  Alan  got  to  Croyland  with  the  letter  before  three,  and 
delivered  the  letter  to  the  abbot.  The  convent  was  iinmediately  fummoned,  and, 
being  alarmed  for  thejr  fleward,  they  feat  back  the  following  deed  under  their 
common  feal : 

^  In  ciuUatorhafparatu.  *  Cafa  tquttatoria,  *  Rtcarils. 

"  Richard, 


HISTORY     OF     CROYLAND.  97 

"  Richard,  by  the  permiffion  of  Godde,  abbot  of  Croyland  and  the  convent  of 
the  fame,  to  the  comenalte  of  Whaplod  fend  gretyng  in  our  Lorde.  For  as 
mych  as  we  undreftonde  that  ye  wolde  have  the  trees  growing  in  the  chirch  yerde 
of  Whaplode,  of  the  which  wc  be  pfuns  and  patroncs,  to  whom  by  the  hiw  the 
feid  treej  belong  of  right,  and  by  licence  asked  of  us  ye  have  had  thcni  of  us, , 
to  your  cherch  wcrk  allonli,  we  therfor  now  as  we  intendid  wyll  graunt  the  faid 
trees  in  like  forme  as  at  oy  tymes  when  thei  fhall  be  felled,  with  this  condicion, 
that  at  fuch  tyme  as  thei  be  fale  worth  ui  or  iiii  of  the  pifiioners  of  Whaplode 
cum  to  the  abbot  of  Croiland,  at  that  tymc  beyng,  and  his  lucceflors,  prayirg  iiyiii 
of  licence  to  have  the  fcide  trees  to  the  church  werk,  and  we  fhall  not  trowble 
you  for  the  fellyng  of  the  trees  at  this  tyme,  nor  for  the  iteward  alfo.  In  witncs 
wher  we  have  feet  to  oure  comen  leale. 

Yeven  at  Croilan  I  the  xvii  day  of  February,  in  the  rcyne  of  kyng  Edward 
the  Illlth  the  xxt"." 

This  letter,  extorted  from  us  by  our  apprehenfions  for  our  brother  and  flcward, 
was  forthwith  difpatched  to  the  townfpeopte  by  Al.m,  who  reached  Whaplode 
by  feven,  and  delivered  the  extorted  deed  into  the  cudoJy  of  William  Hal- 
toft.  The  fleward  was  immediately  releafed,  and  fpent  the  night  at  the  vicar's 
houfe.  The  inlurgents  armed  vi'ith  jakkes,  faletts  *,  and  other  ortenfive  ^  Weapons, 
furrounded  it  for  fear  he  Ihould  force  his  way  out,  while  others,  for  the  faine  rea*- 
fon,  fat  up  till  midnight  in  the  fteeple.  In  the  inorning,  being  fatisfied  with  the 
refult  of  their  meliage  from  Croyland,  the  Iteward  and  his  companions  were  re- 
leafl:  and  made  the  bell  of  their  way  back  to  the  abbey,  he  riding  with  his  hood  £ 
as  torn  by  the  rioters,  and  his  purfe  emptied  of  its  contents  by  them  Being  asked 
what  would  have  been  the  confcquence  if  the  abbot  had  been  in  their  hands  as 
the  fteward  was  ;  he  aafwered  that  he  certainly  would  not  have  got  away  till  he 
had  infranchifed  under  the  common  fcal  all  the  lands  in  the  larifh  held  by  his 
naif>  '',  tor  they  had  fet  fcouts  in  the  llcepic  to  lee  it  any  of  the  abbot's  fervants 
were  going  to  a  juftice  of  peace  that  they  might  kill  him  if  they  could  ca'ch  him. 
After  this,  in  order  to  punilh  tjiis  daring  riot,  the  juflices  of  the  peace  in  Holland  met 
on  purpofe.  The  jury  chofen  by  the  baiUiTof  EUow  wapciuake  acquited  the  pco- 
pip  of  Whaplode,  but  found  the  abbot  and  his  fteward  guilty  of  occalioning  the 
affray,  and  malicioufly  endeavoured  to  indift  them  for  ir.  The  jufiices  leeing  th^i-r 
semper,  appointed  another  meeting  at  Spalding,  in  order  to  (,biain  a  more  dilcrere 
vc^dict.  The  fame  jury  by  the  great  exertion  of  two  of  the  former,  h)und  two 
men  of  Whaplode  guilty  of  the  fiay,  and  indicted  William  Lombe  and  Thomas 
EcharJ.  The  abbot  by  advice  of  his  counfel  ',  in  order  that  the  violence  otTercd 
to  his  Hewaid  might  not  efcape  unpunilhcd,  went  to  John  "^  bilhop  of  Lincoln,  at 
Sleford,  to  requclf  that  he  would  lay  tlitni  under  cxcomniunication.  The  bifli.  p, 
iuuimoned  them  to  Torkefey  1^)82,  and  after  fevevally  oamining  them,  paft  that  !tn- 
tence  on  Thomas  Milner,  WiUiam  Ilarecroft,  Thomas,  Rchaid,  aiul  Wdl'am  Joy-? 
ncr,  enjoyning  them  to  go  in  proceflion  at  Whaplode  on  I'alm  Sunday,  in  their  lliirts, 

'    7"'^'*'',  j''Ullis,  '   In-uafivis.  K   Cifm. 

^  Nut.'-.'i  Kfiias,  '  AJhih.h  (aufiliot  ^  RulitU 

b:.refti>t,' 


9J{  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

!wi\"Fobt,  hokiin:;  wax  lighis  before  the  vicar,  and  to  receive  three  rtrokes  of  a 
vod,  ;W(i  that  Ilarccroft,  Miller  and  J-oyner,  fliould  go  to  Croyland  on  EaHer  day, 
c.Tnying  the  extorted  writing  with  the  feal.  When  their  arrival  was  notified,  they 
were  conducted  in  their  gowns  without  their  girdles  ',  barefooted,  with  wax  can- 
dles in  their  hands,  to  the  high  altar  of  the  conventual  church,  the  abbot  fitting 
wfth  his  padoral  flaff  ami  robe  *",  his  convent  and  lownfpeople  attending,  they  oa 
their  knees  confefling  their  crime,  befought  his  pardon  in  the  name  of  his  fteward, 
and  abfoliuion,  laying  the  writing  with  the  feal  on  the  altar,  and  offering  the 
candles  to  Saint  Gurhlac.  The  abbot  granted  them  abfoliuion  on  their  pro- 
miling  never  more  to  lay  violent  hands  on  the  clergy.  He  declared  his  intention 
of  profecuting  the  richer  of  his  tenants  in  Whaplode,  for  threatening  the  life  of  his 
ileward,  which  they  finding  out,  privately  applied  to  William  Bryde  of  Holbech, 
fervant  to  Thomas  Burgh,  fleward  general  °  of  Croyland,  and  a  mortal  enemy 
to  the  monaftery.  He  promifed  to  lay  the  whole  matter  before  the  bifliop  of 
Lineoln  and  Thomas  Burgh,  for  which  they  made  him  a  handfome  prefent.  Away 
he  goes  to  London  to  T.  Burgh,  intreating  him  to  go  to  the  bifhop  of  Lincoln, 
and  get  him  to  write  to  the  abbot  at  his  own  and  Burgh's  defire  to  leave  the  whole 
affair  in  their  hands  till  he  could  come  there.  The  bifhop  granted  his  requelt, 
and  thinking  he  fliould  foon  come  into  this  part  of  his  diocefe,  to  bring  this  mat- 
ter to  a  happy  iflue,  lent  the  following  letter  to  the  abbot  by  William  Bryde. 

To  my  right  \vorfhipful  and  well  beloved  brother  abbot  of  Croyland. 

"  Well  beloved  and  right  worftiipful  brother,  I  comaund  me  unto  you.  It  is  don 
'me  here  to  underftond,  that  ye  intend  to  make  foryer  fute  ayenft  yem  of  Whap- 
lode, for  yeire  ungoodlie  demenyng  againft  y'  flywarde  y'  brother.  It  is  fo  y'  as 
lerre  as  I  can  fele  here,  ye  (hall  more  do  better  to  abide  the  direiflion  of  M.  Burgh 
and  of  me,  for  yf  ye  matire  cum  bidder  y'  wyl!  be  fo  many  intremedlers  grete 
perfones  in  favor  of  y*  parties  y*  peraventur,  it  fhall  turne  yow  to  more  byfynes 
and  coily  an  (ball  be  necefarie.  Ye  know  wele  y'  fume  of  ye  perfones  have  be  wcle 
handiled  and  have  don  yeir  penaunce ;  yt  profe  can  be  had  agenft  oyer  yei  fhall 
bedelt  with  in  like  wyfe  to  your  worfhip  by  mafter  Buigh  and  me,  and  yr  for  I 
pray  you  to  abide  yt,  and  Almighty  God  p  fite  you.  In  haft  froui  Holborne  ye  27 
day  of  April." 

Thomas  Burgh  alfo  wrote  to  the  following  effe<f^. 

♦*  Worfhipful  Sir,  I  recomaund  me  unto  you.  And  when  I  undreflond  that 
my  lorde  of  Lincoln  writes  to  you  as  for  the  riot  that  was  don  to  your  iliward  by 
them  of  Whaplode,  wherwith  neither  his  lordfhip  nor  I  hold  us  not  content, 
howbeit  his  lordfliip  and  I  have  now  of  late  coend  in  the  fame,  and  for  divers 
•  confiderations  we  think  it  not  good  that  ye  as  yet  rave  not  eny  fery  in  fuying, 
again  the  faid  perfons  feeing  they  have  don  their  penaunce  enjoyned  to  rhem  by 

'  To^ati  Jint  sceais.  «'  Stola.  *  Stne/ibellut  iritralh. 

my 


HISTORY     OF     CROYLAND.  99 

my  faid  loule,  and  alfo  divers  of  them  have  been  indifted  for  the  fame  riot,  where- 
fore I  will  advife  yon  to  late  it  rede  to  fiich  time  as  due  profe  may  be  had  againfl 
other  of  the  inifdoers,  at  the  which  time  I  Ihall  be  gladde  as  feyre  as  in  me  is  to 
fee  it  punilhed  both  to  your  honor  and  hearts  eafe.  And  Sir  I  advertife  you  as 
your  friend  to  follow  the  vveys  of  my  faid  lordcs  advice,  which  is  comprifed  in  hij 
writing  direcle  to  you  by  this  berer,  which  I  dout  n-t  but  it  (hall  be  to  your  hearts 
eafe  and  worlhip ;  and  of  your  difpofition  in  this  prcmiffe  I  pray  you  I  may  be 
afcertained  in  writing  be  this  bercr.  At  London  the  xvii  day  of  April,  yours  &c. 
frende  T.  Burgh  Chr." 

The  abbot's  anfwer  to  the  bifhop's  letter. 

"  Right  reverend  tadre  in  Godde  and  mine  efpcciall  gnode  lorde,  after  my  dute 
with  recommendation  hadde.  Pleafeth  it  your  lordlhip  to  wit  that  I  received  your 
letter  concerning  the  matier  bctwix  my  monafterie  and  ihe  townfnip  of  VVhaplod, 
for  the  which  letter  and  advertifcment  I  and  my  brethren  arc  ever  bounde  to  pray 
for  you.  My  lorde,  divers  tymes  the  faid  folkes  of  Whaplod  have  moved  me  for  to 
trete  in  the  fame,  by  the  advice  of  fuch  folks  as  there  be  of  my  counfel,  my  bredre 
and  I  remmembring  that  in  that  town  we  have  much  lyvelode,  and  alfo  be  par- 
fones  of  the  churche,  and  the  difpoficion  of  the  com?n  peple  where  they  continue 
in  hatred  in  their  lithinges  and  other  dates  be  of  large  confcience,  wherefore  I 
and  m>'  brethryn  will  condefcend  to  fall  to  aggrcment  wich  them,  the  right  of  my 
church  favid,  and  the  wordiip  of  my  houfe,  which  they  agreed  them  to.  My  lorde, 
this  was  pad  me  and  my  brethryn  by  promife,  or  the  letter  of  your  lordfhip  com 
to  me.  1  know  it  vvele,  the  fere  which  they  hadde  of  your  lordefliip  caufid  them 
to  make  me  lb  large  off"re.  Wherefor  pleafe  it  your  goode  lordefliip  to  know  that  fuch 
folkes  as  I  and  they  were  aggreed  of  to  be  menes  to  bringe  them  to  me  to  peiform 
fuch  pointemcntes  as  we  were  aggreed  of  wyl  not  now  dele  in  the  matier  confider- 
ing  your  wrytyng,  for  your  difpleafure,  and  alfo  the  towndiip  and  I  which  is  a  great 
roumbre  mufte  mete  for  the  performyng  of  the  fiime  apoyntment,  it  were  too 
greate  labor  for  your  lorddiip  and  mai'dre  Burgh  to  mete  nere  the  cuntry  for  this 
matier,  that  it  wolde  pleafe  your  goode  lordeibip  to  remitte  the  matier  to  them  that 
now  have  it  in  hand,  or  els  to  fuch  as  ye  wyll  affigne,  for  the  great  gruge'ha'ngyng 
bytwix  them  and  me  may  turne  tome  fhorth  to  greate  hurte  ot  my  duties  as  know- 
eth  our  lord,  &c." 

The  towns  people  fearing   the  anfwer  to  this  letter  befouglu  Richard  Welby,  in 
fo  far  as  the  abbot  and  convent  would  refer  this  matter  to  him,  to  put  an  end  to  it 
for  ever  by  arbitration.     He  firfl:  confuhing  the  bifliop  of  Lincoln,  and  having  our 
confent,  the  djy  was  fixt  for  that  purpofe,   and  an  arbitration  made  to  the  follow- 
ing effeft  May  18th,   21E.  IV.  by   Richard   and  Thomas   Welby,  arbitios   indif- 
ferently chofen  betwee'h  Richard  abbot   of  Croyland,  on  the  one  party,   and  John 
Carman  pried,    Herry   Legerdown,    William    Kelow,    Thomas    at   Ash,    Gilbc't 
Markham  of  Whaplod,  and  all  other  inhabitants  within  the  fame  tcwm,  the  bond- 
men of  the  fame  abbot    within  the  fame   lo.vn  only  exccpte,  on   that  other    part 
to  arbritrate  and  deme  of  and  upon  all  manner  of  matieis,  contraverfies,   debatls 
and  demaundes  hadde  and  movid  bctwen  the  parties  aforefaid,  from  the  beginning 
of  the  world  to  the  day  of  making  this  award. 
;  •    N  "They 


100  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

*' They  award  that  Carman  and  the  others  having  wrongfully  felled  the  trees 
wher  nevir  nor  eny  of  the  inhabitants  within  the  fame  town  fyth  tynie  of  mynd 
fellid  eny  trees  growyng  within  the  fame  church  yard  without  leave  of  the  abbot, 
and  divers  of  the  inhabitants  made  aflawte  and  affray  againfl  the  king's  j  cace  upon 
Dane  Lambert  Foffcdikjbachilcr  oflawe,and  monke  of  Croyland,  ftywardeof  the  fams 
to  the  abbot,  bccaufe  he  came  in  melTage  from  his  faide  abbot  to  the  fiid  inhabitants 
inhibiting  them  to  fell  the  trees,  they  fliall,  in  their  own  name  and  of  all  the  inha- 
bitants, come  before  the  abbot,  and  acknowledge  their  offence,  befeech  of  him  to  be 
their  good  lord,  and  remit  his  difpleafurc  and  promife  never  hereafter  to  offend 
him,  to  pay  him  ten  pounds  for  the  trees,  and  ten  pounds  more  to  the  fteward 
for  damages,  and  promife  never  more  to  fell  the  trees  in  the  church  yard.  The 
arbitrators  undertake  to  make  their  peace  with  the  abbot,  and  prevail  on  him  to 
return  the  faid  ten  pounds  to  be  applied  to  the  ufe  of  the  church,  and  ten  marks 
of  the  other  ten  pounds  awarded  to  the  fteward.  And  to  prevent  future  grudges 
and  difputes,  the  abbot  agreed  to  grant  to  William  and  Thomas  Haltoff,  and 
John  Sergeant  of  VVhaplod,  gents,  at  their  requeft,  to  them  the  parties  before- 
mentioned  and  all  other  inhabitants  of  the  town  except  the  bondmen  inhabiting 
therein,  to  them  and  their  heirs  and  to  all  tho  that  herafcer  this  tyuie  (liall 
inhabyt  within  the  fame  town  for  ever  to  endure,  that  at  all  tymes  after  this  when 
eny  trees  of  xxtie  years  growth  and  more  be  growing  within  faid  church  yard, 
if  fl)ur  of  the  bell  men  of  lyvclod  and  goodes  of  the  fame  with  the  church  revts 
aik  the  abbot's  leave  to  fell  them  for  the  ufe  of  the  church,  fliewing  him  the  day 
when  they  are  to  be  felled,  he  fliall  fend  his  debite  to  the  church  yard  and  choofe 
four  of  the  faid  trees  to  fell  them  at  his  pleafure,  and  convert  them  to  his  own  ufe,  it 
fnall  be  lawful!  to  fell  the  reft  to  the  church  ufe.  And  if  the  abbot  negkv^  to  do 
as  above,  it  ftiall  ftill  be  lawfull  to  fell  them,  leaving  four  of  the  beft  unielled  for 
liim.  Provided  always,  that  the  faid  trees  be  applied  to  the  ufe  of  the  church." 
One  part  fealed  by  the  arbitrators  and  the  convent,  and  the  townfmen  beforemea- 
tioned  .•  the  other  by  the  arbitrators  and  townfmen  only. 

Thefe  letters  being  read  by  the  abbot  to  the  convent,  and  to  Richard  Welby 
and  his  brother  Thomas,  their  opinion  was  afked  how  we  Ihould  fatisfy  fuch  dif- 
tinguilhed  perfonages.  After  mature  coufideration,  it  was  relolved  to  return  them 
for  anfwer,  that  we  would  refer  the  matter  to  the  faid  Richard  and  Thoniiis  Welby, 
which  would  have  been  immediately  done  had  not  William  Brydc  perverfely  told  Richard 
Welby,  that  he  was  directed  by  Mr.  Burgh  to  fay  that  he  himfclf  was  to  tranfaft 
the  v/hoie  bufinefs,  which  was  afterwards  tound  to  be  abfolutely  talfe. 

John  Ruffcl  was  at  this  time  bifliop  of  Lincoln.  Richard  Croyland,  abbot  of 
Croyland,  died  next  year  1482,  and  was  fuccceded  by  Lambert  Foffdyk  the 
fteward,  who  had  been  fo  ill-treated  by  ihe  VVhaplodians,  and  died  about  two  years 
^.^terwards.  Mr.  Cole  imagines  that  Thomas  Burgh,  who  figns  Cdr  after  his  na:re, 
was  chancellor  of  the  diocefe  of  Lincoln. 

This  vphole  debate  is  written  In  a  large  print  hand,  and  very  neat,  and  at  the  time 
the  affair  was  tranfaftcd,  very  different  from  every  part  of  the  manufcript.  Below 
it,  it  b.'ing  the  lad  leaf  of  the  regiiler,  is  a  fcrawlcd  tranfcript  of  fome  canons  of 
arcUbilhop  Stratford  againd  feliinp;  trees  ia  church,  yards. 

Fol. 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    O  F    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  lot. 

Fol.  140.  is  abbot  Lyttlyngton's  account  of  the  ilTuc  and  profits  of  tytlie  corn  at 
Whapplode  from  26  to  32  H.  VI, 


N°  LV. 

Concerning  7'epair  of  caiifeys^  ^c.   in  Roland* 
From  the  Abbey  Regifter,  fol.  41.  42. 

llta  inquiGcio  fca  fuit  coram  jufticiar'  tJnl  regis,  viz.  dnis  Martino  de  Littelbury, 
Galf  de  LeuVenore,  Waltero  de  Berftide,  Rico  de  Hemmington,  apud  Line' 
itintbs  die  Mart*  |)ox  ante  Pentecolt.  a.  r.  r.  Henr.  fil*  Johis  quadragefimo 
feptimo. 

"  1"^'NUS  rex  mandavit  juilic'  itiner'  hie  qd  cum  ex  relatu  fide  dignor'  intellexit 
\^  qd  grave  dampnum  &  maximum  piclum  imminet  ptibus  floyland  &  cciam 
villis,  tris,  &  ten'  dilefle  regine  fuc  &  dilefti  &  fidelis  fui  Petri  de  Sabaud'  *  iBm  occoe 
calcetar'  &  poncium  de  Hoyland,  Northdyk,  S:  Pelvcbrigg,  dirutor'  &  confraftorV 
fo  that  no  accefs  could  be  had  for  men  or  merchants  to  bring  their  goods  to  the 
markets  and  fairs ;  he  therefore  orders  that  a  jury  be  impanneled  "  qui  dicunt  qd 
antiquitus  tempore  Willi  de  Rumarc  com'  Lincohi'  fenis  contigit  qd  duo  hoi'es  de- 
ferentes  corpus  cujufd'  defunfti  de  Stikeneye  ufq^  ad  Cibeceye  ad  fepeliend'  in 
cimiterio  iBm  fubmerferunt  in  calceto  de  Northdyk  ira  qd  pdcus  Wills  de  Rumare 
hoc  intelligens  tantum  locutus  fuit  cum  abbate  de  Revefby  &  conventu  qd  ipi  re- 
pare  &  fuilentare  deberent  calcetum  pdcum  fumptibs  fuis  in  ppetuum  ^p  duabs  pla- 
ceis  de  tra  8c  de  prato  quas  idem  comes  eis  dedit  vocat'  Heyholm  &  Weftferwro,  8c 
continet  circiter  centum  acras  8c  valent  p  an.  vi  \.  &  qd  abbas  ^  con'  receperunt 
pdcam  tram  de  dono  comitis  ad  fuftentacoem  pdci  calceti  in  ppetuum  8c  fie  fufli- 
nuerunt  pdcum  calcetum  p  longum  tempus  quoufque  quidam  RoBtus  de  Hayles, 
archidus  Line',  ad  petico&m  pdcor'  abbis  8c  con'  pdicare  fecit  p  totum  archidiacona- 
tum  ad  fuftentacoem  pdci  calceti,  8c  fie  denarios  p  quificos  p  predicacoem  illam  luf- 
tentaverunt  pdci  monachi  pdcum  calcetum  ufq,  jam  decem  annis  8c  amplius  elaps' 
qd  abbas  &  monachi  amplius  calcetum  illud  rcpare  noluerunt ;  immo  illud  010  in- 
cidere  pmiferunt:  unde  dicunt  pcife  qd  pdci  abbas  h  conv'  debent  repare  &c  fuf- 
tehtare  calcetum,  8c  nuUus  alius.  Et  requifiti  fi  pdci  abbas  &  conv'  poffint  fuilen- 
tare calcetum  de  valore  pdce  tre  dicunt  qd  fie.  dicunt  enim  qd  quidam  Willus  dc 
Rumare  pod  mortem  ipfrus  Willi  patrrs  fui  confirmavit  pdcis  abbi  &  convtui  pdcara 
tram  quam  huerunt  de  dono  patris  ad  fuftentacoem  pdci  calceti  ia  puram  &  ppe- 

*  Peter  earl  of  Savoy  was  uncle  to  Henry  the  Third's  queen. 

N  2  tuara 


103  APPENDIX        TO         THE 

tuam  elemolram  noh  obliinte  pJca  conflrmacoe  eis  fcam  in  puram  elemofinam,  fed 
fecit  ipos  a!5t)em  &  coiivcntum  jurare  qd  calcetum  illud  fuftencare  &  repare  debe- 
rent  ficuc  j5us  facere  conkieverunr,  Et  dicunt  qd  ^i  defectum  repacois  pJci  calceti 
funt  plures  hoies  quolibec  anno  fubmerfi."  '   Croyland  Ab.  Reg.  41    a.  b. 

It  feems  probable  ihat  tlie  abbot  of  Reve(by  pleaded,  that  as  this  hind  was  given 
in  puram  elenwfyiiam,  it  ought  not  to  be  fubjeift  I'o  the  fervice,  and  therefore  prevailed 
with  the  archdeacon  to  coUeifi'  through  his  jurifdiifiinn.  which  was  the  method  I 
fuppofe  commonly  made  ufe  of  to  repair  and  build  bridges  and  mend  highways. 
W.  Cole.     This  is  printed  in  Dugdale's  Hiftory  of  Imbanking,  p.  219.   1772. 

"  Et  jxlci  iur'  de  wapent'de  Kirketon,  Ellowe,  &:  Avelond  eleifti  ad  rcquirend'de 
Galceto  de  H'oyland  &  ponte  de  Fekkebrigg  dicunt  qd  revera- quidam  RotSts  Jallain 
de  Ilorbeling  antiqnitus  dedit  priori  de  Sco  Salvatore  ad  capud  pdci  calceti  &  ca- 
nonicis  ejufd'  loci  unuin  melTuagium  &  unam  bovatam  tre  icil'  fitum  juxta  priorat* 
ejufd'  domus  in  villa  Sci  Salvatoris  in  ppetuum,"  wlio  were  to  repair  and  keep  up 
the  fame  "  de  capite  illius  calceti  verfus  Keflevene  ufq-  le  Innome  cle  Donington.  Ec 
dicunt  qd  ipi  canonici  poftea  impetraverunt  qudam  Iram  papalem  ad  pdicand  p  pa- 
triam  in  fubfidium  fuflentacois  calceti  &  fie  p  pdicacoem  illam  plures  denarios  jpqui- 
fierunt  &  tam  de  pdcis  meffuag'  &  tra  &  de  den'  in  legatis  de  divfis  magnatibus  de- 
funftis  fuftentare  folebant  calcetum  ufq.  jam  viginti  annis  elapfis  qd  p  inundacoem 
aque  impediti  fucrunt  qd  calcetum  illud  repare  non  pomerunt,  &  interim  emeri^int 
plures  tras  &  ten'  de  pdcis  denar*  eis  legatis  &  de  pdicacoe  ^Dvenientibs.  Unde  di- 
cunt pcife  qd  canonici  debent  fuftentare  calcetum,  Sec.  Dicunt  eciam  qd  ad  pontem 
de  Pekkibrigg  qd  nunquam  fuit  ibi  aliquis  pons  ante  fundacionem  priorat'  de  Spau- 
ding  &  qd  quidam  prior  de  Spalding  antiquitus  fecit  ibi  pdcum  pontem  &:  ipfe  & 
fucc'  fui  femp  illud  fuflinuerunt,  &  ceperunt  ita  theolonium  de  cxtraneis  tranfcuntib' 
&.  adhuc  faciunr,  &c."     fol.  4i.b. 

Bp.  Tanner,  p.  279.  calls  St.  Saviour's  priory  Holland  Brig^. 

It'de  eod'  &  de  tris  &  ten'  &  Maroth'  in  Spalding  &   de   tol  apud  Spalding  & 
apud  Groiland  de  qbs  contencio  erat  int'  a&bem  Croiland  8c  priorem  Spalding. 
■   "  Qiiia  p  inSndacoem  maris  &  marifci  &   p   defe<5tuni  repacbis  calceti  de  Hoy- 
iand,  walliar',  foffatar',  guturar',  &:c.    Dns  rex  mandavit  Joiii  de  Vallibus  &  fo- 
ciis  fuis  jufliciar'  itiner'   in   com'  Line',''  that  they  would  fcrutinize  the  rolls  and 
look  into  the  inquifitions  before  "  Martin  de  Lutlcbury  &  focios,  Gilb'  de  Pref- 
ton  &  focios  fuos,  hi  alios  jufticiar'  t.    H,   regis   patris  fui,"  who   fent   them,  and 
which  "  remanent  in  cuftodia  dni  R.  de  Hengham   in   ligula  recordor'  de  a°  regnl 
regis  nuna  xx^;"  but  that  on  their  evidence  thev  could  not  proceed  to  judgement: 
wherefore  it  was  judged  proper,   as  it  was  difficult  for  the  parties  to  attend  the 
king,  that  he  fhould  order  John  Reek,  Nicholas  de  St;apilton,  and  Roger  Loveday 
ro  inquire  after  what   diches,  banks,  and   bridges  were  to  be  repaired,  and  the 
repairers  of  them.     "  Qui  primo  inquircntes  de  ponte  de  Pckkebrigg  &  de  duc)t)9  ■ 
pontibus  in  Spalding  inveniunt  qd  abbas  de  Croiland;  prior  de  Spalding,  &  dcs  hoies- 
tras  tencntes  in  Spalding  tenentur,"  according  to  their  feveral  proportion   ro  repair 
and  maintain  them.     Whereupon  they  were   all   fummoned,  and   all   appeared  ex- 
cept the  abbot,  who  refufed  to  do  fo  according  to  his  proportion.    "  Et  quia  pdcus 
abbas  abfcntavit  fe,  he  reclamavit,  pceptum  fuit  vie'  qd  veniri  facet  coram  eis  apud. 
3  St^jin. 


HISTORY     OF     CROYLAND.  103 

Scum  Bottium  in  vigilia  Sci  Laiir',  qui  vcnit  &  in  eor'  prefencia  &  in  prefentia  R. 
de  Hengham,  J.  de  Metiiigliam,  W.  de  Biumpton,  &  R'gi  dc  I,e\ceft'  conceflit  ;p 
le  &  fucc'  fuis  ficut  pdcus  prior  priiis  concefTu  qd  ipi  p  auxiliiim  liftoru  '.  homiiiuni 
de  Spalding,"  that  eacli  il>ould  do  as  liis  proponion  was.  "  Ita  qd  quol'bt  acr:i  (it 
par  alteri  dnicis  tarn  novis  qnam  vetBs  quam  villenag'.  Et  fi  fchoppe  vel  flalLig'  * 
be  built  on  any  of  thcfe  bridges,  the  profit  arifing  (Vom  them  fliouKl  go  to  the 
proportion  ot  ihem.     Abbey  Regider,  fol.  41.  b.  43.  a.     Dugd.  Hilt.of  Imb.  izi.- 


Contencio  inter  Abbatem  Croyland  ^  Prior  cm  Spalding  de  divl/is  tris 
&'  maroth  in  Spa/ding,  &'  de  tol  apiid  Spalding  ^  ap"  Croyland 
de  ffbus  contencio  erat. 

Frotn  the  Abbey  Regifler,     fol.   43. 

"  CUM  g"  plures  effent  contencoes  inter  eos  deunaacra  tre  quam  prior  petiic 
vfus  abb'  in  Spald'  &  de  iv  acris  tre  quas  prior  &c.  &  eciam  prior  clatnavit  hoics 
fuos  effe  quietos  de  theloneo,  &  eciam  de  hoc  qd  abbas  clamavit  capere  (tallagiii 
pdci  prioris  in  nundinis  fuis  de  Croyland  &  ecia  de  quod  maretto  de  quo  abb' 
queftus  fuit  qd  prior  non  pmifit  ipm  capere  herbagium  in  falcando  &  pafcendo 
in  foflatis,  qd  quidem  capere  vel  pafcere  dicetur  il/czrro//;."  It  was  agreed  before  the 
julliciaries  at  Bollon,  that  the  prior  fliould  give  up  all  claim  to  faid  acre,  and  for 
the  four  acres  if  they  could  not  be  proved  to  belong  to  the  prior,  for  peace  fake 
an  exxhange  fhould  be  made  :  the  prior  gives  up  alio  the  Marroib :  the  abbot  ex- 
empts him  and  his  people  from  toll  in  Croyland  fair  of  things  bought  for  their 
own  ufe,  "  falvo  thelonio  mercator',''  'is  the  abbot  and  his  people  were  free  in 
the  prior's  fairs  :  "  ita  tamen  qd  res  venales  portantes  in  dorfo  vel  brachiis  vel  fup 
equos  nullum  dant  flallagium  :  hoc  falvo  qd  non  fiat  fraus  ducendo  carreflas  ^ppe 
nundinas,"  &:c.     fol.  43. 

Between  tiiis  and  the  next  leaf  are  inferted  in  two  quarto  leaves  on  vellum,  not 
originally  belonging  to  the  book,  but  in  an  equally  old  hand  with  the  chief  part 
of  it,  and  might  probably  belong  to  the  officer  who  took  the  tolls,  a  lift  of 
the  feveral  forts  oF  mcrchandifes  brought  to  thefe  fairs  and  their  tolls.  It  is  cu- 
rious not  o  ily  in  fliewing  the  few  delicacies  our  frugal  anceflors  were  contented 
with  in  refpeft  to  the  unbounded  luxury  of  this  fenfual  age,  but  in  fpecifying  the 
names  of  t!ie  grofs  numbers  of  each  article  and  other  very  curious  particulars.  As 
many  of  them  are  now  very  obfcure,  we  have  fubjoined  from  fol.  51:,  56.  an  ex- 
planation, probably  for  the  ule  of  the  convent,  before  printing  and  other  helps 
were  introduced,  of.  various  terras  of  art. made  ufe  of  by  mechanics  in  their  feveral 
trades. 


104 


APPENDIX        TO        THE 


Frctextu  de  I'hrughtol  quod  Prior  Spalding  clamat  ut  /up'  tangtt* 
ipje  p'oipit  proui  infra  Jcribitur^  viz. 


Pro  I  dollo  villi, 

Pro  I  dolio  clnerum. 

Pro  ceiKLun  cere, 

Pro  centum  pipis, 

Pro  centum  cumiiii, 

Pi;o  tarke  de  ahnn, 

Fig  1  facculo  de  alum, 

Pro  I  wayo  fepi. 

Pro  I  wayo  cafci, 

Pro  I  wayo  butiri^ 

Pro  I  calo  accri  s  del, 

Pro  I  tine  de  fope. 

Pro  centum  ferri, 

Pro  caresflata  ptumbi, 

Pro  centum  arce, 

Pro  I  fraelle  patellar'. 

Pro  I  fralle  capell'. 

Pro  Cauda  pavonis, 

Pro  forcip'  ad  pannum  tonfand'. 

Pro  II 1 1  porcis. 

Pro  X  bidentib'. 

Pro  X  agnis, 

Pro  facco  lane  de  hoitjs  Angl', 

Pro  centum  pell'  lane, 

Pro  I  bind  peltis. 

Pro  XII  cordubalis. 

Pro  I  bove, 

Pro  1  cquo. 

Pro  I  latt  alecis. 

Pro  quaibt  carrefta  alecis. 

Pro  mille  alecis. 

Pro  c  morup'. 

Pro  pifce  recenti  ad  valenc'  xvi  it. 

Pro  I  nave  q  dr  Flotbot, 

Pro  I  nave  q  dr  Kelebot, 

Pro  I  qrt'  bras'. 

Pro  I  qrt'  fabar'. 

Pro  1  qrt'  frumenti, 

Xio  I  qrt'  filiginis. 


nil  a. 

Pro  I  qrt'  ordei. 

oB. 

111x3. 

Pro  1  qrt'  avcne, 

Ot). 

11113". 

Pro  I  qrt'  feis  lini, 

id-. 

nil  ct. 

Pro  1  pakke  cordata, 

nil  &. 

unci'. 

Pro  I  pakke  priked, 

id". 

iiii  d. 

Pro  I  horfpakke, 

id. 

id. 

Pro  c  pell'  de  fcorder. 

II 1 1  d. 

nil  d. 

Pro  I  pume  linee  tele. 

•ob. 

nil  d. 

Pro  item  fi  fint  cordata. 

nil  d. 

nil  d. 

Pro  c  carentivelli, 

iiiid. 

niid. 

Pro  I  pakke  lini, 

Id:. 

id. 

Pro  I  parvo  pakke  lini. 

oB. 

nil  d". 

Pro  I  tva  lini, 

<i- 

nil  d. 

Pro  1  XII  toralori, 

icT. 

nii<:t'. 

Pro  I  torale, 

oti. 

I  a. 

Pro  1  chef  de  fufl:ayne. 

oS, 

i<1. 

Pro  I  king  corei  rubri. 

id". 

ob. 

Pro  I  c.  de  brafd, 

niid^. 

nil  d. 

Pro  cent'  de  greyn. 

niid". 

id. 

Pro  cent'  de  taflell. 

nil  d. 

I  a. 

Pro  qrt'  nucium, 

ob. 

id. 

Pro  I  pinrMDck  de  pmute. 

oB. 

nd. 

Pro  I  panno  integro, 

id. 

HIT  d. 

Pro  I  pakke  veier'  pannor'. 

ob. 

nil  d. 

Pro  I  horlis  pakke. 

id. 

nil  d'. 

Pro  I  c.  duri  pifcis, 

nil  d. 

oB. 

Pro  charg'  i  hoi's  de  pice. 

oB. 

id-. 

Pro  I  dolio  de  ter. 

nil  d. 

nil  d. 

Pro  I  dolio  olei. 

nil  d. 

nd". 

Pro  I  dolio  mellis. 

nil  a. 

Id. 

Pro  I  caredla  de  bord. 

I  bord. 

nil  d". 

Pro  I  carefla  ferrata. 

Id. 

,     id. 

Pro  I  carrefta  non  ferrata. 

-  o13. 

inid. 

Pro  qualib'  carrefla  falls, 

oB. 

Id. 

Pro  qualib'  nave  in  nundinis 

in  qua  ven- 

oB. 

dunt  cerevifiara. 

XII  d. 

ob. 

Pro  M  anguillarum, 

inid. 

oB. 

Pro  I  trunke, 

Id. 

ob. 

Pro  .c  dc  famoun. 

nil  d. 
Pro 

HISTORY    OF    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  105 

Fro  quak  felda  locata  infra,.  0%.  Pro  quatt  felda  loc'  ad  capell',      Xvuii. 

Pro  quatc  lelda  extra,  cja.  Pro  felda  loc' ad  Knipulos,  xviii  d". 

Pro  quatc  felda  de  Hellebothe  in  nuadi-  Pro  quak  felda  locata  fub  muro  lapideo, 

nis  locata,  iiii  s.  iiii  s. 

Pro  quatt  felda  locata  ad  fpicers,    mis.  Pro  qualt  felda  locata  ex  oppofito,     11  s. 

Pro  qualt  felda  locata  ad  mercers,  ini  s.  Pro  qualt  felda  locata  fub  nniro  ad  pme- 
Pro  quale  felda  locata  pris  mercatb'.vi  d".  tarn,  iiii  s. 

Pro  quak  felda.  loc' ad  cordubatum,  xii  d.  Pro  quak  felda  locata  ex  oppto, 

ITEM  oms  de  villa  de  Croyland  debent  toll  p  qndenam  an'  fm  Sci  BotHi  &  p: 
feptimana  pod,  &  ido  debent  toll  pacare  p  nieniem  ;  fcitt  ad  fni  Sci  Niclii  incipi- 
eudo  ad  fni  Sci  Edmundi.  Ifm  iidem  dicunt  tollon'  folvend'  ad  Pafch'  p  qudena, 
vidk  p  feptiam  ante  &  p  feptiam  poft. 

Dc  Nominibus  fignijicantibiu  certa  ponder  a  feu  cerium  jiumerum 

ref  venaf. 

NOTAND'  rjd  carra  plumbi  conftat  ex  xxx  formall'  &  quodk  formaH''  conti- 
net  VI  petras,  11  libr'  minus:  6c  quelt  petra  habet  xii  libr'  &  quek  libra  conrtac 
ex  pondere  xxv  s.  SiTia  librar'  in  le  formal'  Lxx  t.  Siria  pctr'  in  carra  viu  &  xv 
&  ^jbet'  p  fexies  triginta  que  kiciunt  ^^  fe*-'  '"  qnok  formal'  sbtrahant'  11 1.  a  pdca 
nniltiplicacone  qe  fuiu  lx  t.  conkitucntes  v  petr'  &  ita  funt  in  carra  \fn  &  xv 
petr'  ut  fupdicft'  eit. 

Scd'm  vero  alios  quofda  condat  caira  ex  xii  wayhcs,  Sc  hoc  eft  scdin  ponderaco-^ 
ne  Troni,  8r  tunc  ell  fuina  petr'  in  carra  vui  &  viii,  &  probetur  p  duodecies  quatuor- 
decim:  uayhatam  plumbi  quam  lane,  cepii  vel  cafei,  ponderat  xiiii  petr'&ii  wayhes 
laciunt  I  faccum  85  x  facci  lane  faciunt  i   laft. 

Lad  vero  alecis  continet  x  milia,  &  qdtt  mille  conflat  ex  decies  centum,  c  ex  y^, 

Itm  laft'  coreor'  conftat  ex  xx  dakers  &  quek  daker  ex  decern  coreis. 

Itm  duker  cirotecar'  conftat  ex  decern  paribus. 

Itm  daker  terrorum  conftat  ex  xx  ferris. 

Itm  duodena  cirotecar',  pargameni,  &  al  *  continet  in  fuo  gcire  xii  pellc3vel  pa- 
rla  cirotecar':  duodena  vero  terri  tantummodo  fex  pec'. 

5tm  centena  cere,  zuchari,  piperis,  cimini,  amigdalor',  &  alumpnie,  contt  xili- 
pet'  &  di  &  qek  petra  cent'  viii  libr.  Suina  libr'  in  centena  c  &  vin,  &  confiftit 
c  ex  V  &  qltit  libr'  ex  xxvs.  Ec  fciend'  eft  qd  lib'  denar'  &  fpecier'  confeftar' 
utpote  eleftuiiriorum,  confiftit  folummodo  pondere  xxs.  libra  vero  omnium  aliar' 
rer'  pondere  eft  xxv  s. 

In  eleftuar'  confe^ionibs  libra  cont'  xii  uncias.  In  aliis  reb'  libra  cont'  xvuncias 
&  uncia  tunc  inde  pondere  eii:  xxtl. 

km  centum  bordi,  canabi,  &  linei  panni  confiftet  ex  ulnis  c  Sc  qJlt  c  ex  yj" : 
c   vero  ferri  &  folid'  conftat  ex  'V» 

Qarba  quidem  calabri  com'  xxx  pecias  fcil'  Gaddes, 

*  Sic  Orlg. 

Itin: 


io6  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

Sem  vit'  conftat  ex  xxnii  petris,  &  qalJBt  petra  ex  v  libr'  &  ita  continct  le  Scm 
yf-  libras. 

Sem  vero  ferri  cont*  xii  duodena  &  qalllSt  duodena,  vi  peclas  ;  &  ita  funt  in  Ic 
Sem  Lxxii  pec'  ferri  p  totum. 
Bynd  vero  anguill'  conftat  ex  x  ftikkes  &  qalBt  flikkes  ex  xxv  angs. 
Stikke  vero  groffar'  anguill'  conflat  ex  xii  angs. 
Bynd  vero  pellium  cent'  xxxii  pelles. 

Tymber  vero  de  peltibs  cuniculor'  &  grifovenor'  conflat  ex  XL  pellibus. 
Chef  de  Fuji  conftat  ex  xii  ulnis. 

Rds  allie  conflat  ex  xxv  gk/ies  vel  manipto  &  v^U  manipfs  cotz  xxv  capita, 
i^fj'ii?  vero  falis  conflac  ex  ii  qrt'  &  ii  Jiz. 

Tria  grana  ordei  unius  digiti  ir^ifo'fto  efl ;  &  x  digit!  unuin  pcdem  efKciunt :  duo 
pedes  &  di  faciunt  grufjum,  &  duo  greflus  faciunt  pajfum,  &  xxv  paffus  faciunt 
fadium,  &  viii  ftadia  mille  pajjm  terminant ;  duo  autcm  millia  pafTuum  unam  ku- 
:Cam .-.  unde  verfus, 

Quinque  pedes  pafTum  faciunt,  pafTus  quoque  centum 

Viginii  quinque  fladium  ft  millia  des  re 

Odo  facit  ftadia  dupplicata  dat  unam  leucam. 

Meafures  of  Land  ufed  in  this  neighbourhood, 

'in- Spalding,  16  ft.  6  in.   =    i  perch,  pertica,  or  pole. 
40  poles,  I  roud,  perticata, 

4  roods,  I  acre. 

2,  felions  citvi  omnibus  furhngls  fachmi  unam  acranu 
JO  acres,  i  ferdella,  peoptS,  quarta  dele,  fars, 

4  ferdellcE,        i  virgate  or  yardland. 
£8  virgates,         i  bovate  or  oxgang, 

8  bovates,         i  carucnta  or  ploughland. 

8  carucates,      i  feedum  miliiare, 

Commonl)'  60  acres  a  carucage. 

100  acres  a  hide^,  hyde  land,  familia. 

Minutes  of  the  Spalding  Society,  from  Spalding  Abbey  Regifler. 


No 


I  S  T  O  11  Y    OF    Cll  O  Y  L  A  N  a  107- 


N°  LVI, 

Compoficio  inter  Abb  at  em  Croiland  ^  Vriorem  Spalding  de  judicid 
faciend'  de  Pijloribus  Abbatis  in  Curia  Prioris. 

SCIANT  oes  pfent'  Sc  futur'  qd  ita  convenit  int'dnm  Henricu  abbatem  Croilandic 
ex  una  pte  &  dam  Simonem  priore  de  Spalding  ex  altn,  de  jufticia  facienda 
iu  curia  ipi'  prioris  de  hoibs  ipi''  abBis  piftoribs  pane  vendentibs  in  mcato  ipi''  prioris 
in  Spald'  unde  idem  abbas  queftus  fuit  in  cur'  ifni  reg'  qd  pdcus  prior  injure  fe- 
cerit  duos  holes  ipi''  abbis  fubire  judiciii  pillorie  in  Spald'  &  unde  ptitu  fuit  int^ 
cos  in  pfata  cur'  3ni  reg'  fcitt  qd  ide  prior  ^  fe  &  fucc'  fuis  conceffit  dco  abbati  & 
fucc'  fuis  ut  de  dco  qndo  aliquis  hoium  ipT  abbis  vel  fucc'  fuor'  non  demifit  aflifTam 
panis  in  pdco  mercato  infra  libtacem  ipi  poris  ftatim  mandetur  ballivis  ipus  abbis  & 
fucc'  fuor'  in  cujus  prefencia  fi  venire  voluit  videatur  in  curia  ipi  prioris  utru  panis 
legat' fit  scum  aflifam  tre,  tempis  hita  vel  falfus :  &  fi  convincatur  qd  falfus  fir,  ju- 
diciu  ipi  tnfgreffor'  prima  vice  &  caftigaco  remaneat  ipi  abbi  &  fucc'  fuis  ;  &  fie 
fiat  de  fingul'  hmbs  ipus  abbis  &  fucc'  fuor'  piftoribus,  fcitt  de  prima  tnfgreflione  af- 
fife  panis  in  pdco  mcato  non  fervate.  Et  fi  ballivus  venire  noluit  ^pt'  hoc  non  rema- 
neat. Et  fP  hac  conceffione  idem  abbas  recognovit  &  conceffit  j)  fe  8c  fucc'  fuis  qj 
finguli  hoies  fui  priores  poft  pmam  tnsgefiione  eid'  abbi  &  fucc'  iuis  remiffam  fecd'ra 
qd  pdcum  eft  proiie  pdci  mercati  de  tnfgreffione  afs'  panis  non  svate  in  eod'  inperpe- 
tuum  deducatur  p  judiciu  cur'  ipi  prioris  in  Spald'  pfent'  ballTo  ipi  abbis  fi  entee 
refidet  &  vider'  qd  judicia  de  eifd'  ficut  de  aliis  piftoribus  tnsgffonbs  in  eod'  mcato 
ut  in  aliis  locis  ad  S<fl'  mcatum  sptantibs;  ita  tn  qd  occoe  illus  mcati  dcs  prior  vel  fucc' 
ejus manum non appoiiet  in  tram  ipus  abbis  vel  fucc'  vel  hom'  fuor'in  tia  ipus  abbis  ali- 
bi qm  in  dco  mcato  vel  in  locis  ad  mcatum  illd  ptincutibs  ^  pdca  tnfgreffione.  Et 
fciend'  qd  fi  aliquis  contradice  velit  pma  tnsglTione  ei  fuilfe  remiffam  inde  exiga- 
tur  recordu  curie  ipus  prioris  &  fucc'  fuor'  &  qd  recordatii  fuerit  a  pdca  curia  de  pri- 
ma rnsgifione  remilla  ut  non  remifi'a  teneatur  fmefraude  h  alicuj' contradccone.  Et 
ne  aliquis  ipor'  vel  fucc'  fuor'  contra  hoc  venire  poffit  in  pofteru  firm'  eft  hoc  fcriptum 
int'  eos  in  raodo  cirographi  ita  qd  uterq,  ipor'  abbis  &  poris  huic  fcripto  figilla 
fua  &  etiam  figilla  conventus  fui  alternatim  appofuerunt.  Afta  in  ecca  de  Multon  die 
fabbi  jpxa  antednicaqua  cantatur  Quafimo  concert!,  A.r.Henr'  reg'  fii'  reg' Johis  xvil 
(17  H.  III.  1 23 J.)  Hiis  tdl',  cTno  Wilto  de  Ralejr,  dno  Rado  de  Raleige,  dnoRob' 
de  llaleg,  Johe  de  Braitoft,  Rogo  de  Thurkilcbi,  Reg'  de  Welle,  Nicbo  de  Flore, 
Henr' le  Moine,  Walto  de  Fulne,  Simorc  fil'  Joe'  Jolano  de  Bradon,  Thorn' d* 
Bnewelle. 

0  Dt 


io8  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

De  JJJifa  Panis  ^  Cerev'ifie^   Vint  ^  Carmum. 

Qn  qrt'  frumenti  venditur  pro  SiiCf.  tune  panis  qdrantis  de  waflello 

ponderabit  vi  \.  xvi  s.. 
Panis  aurem  de  Coket  de  eod'  blado  pondt  plus  quam  waftellum  ^  jis^ 
Et  Panis  de  blado  minoris  precii  pondc   plulq,  waftelium  ^p  vs. 
Panis  vero  de  Symnell  pondc  minus  quam  waftell  ^  lis. 
Panis  integ'  qdrantis  de  frumento  pondc  unum  coI<et  &;  di. 
Panis  vero  francifcus  purus  pondt  niiiuis  qm  fymne'l  ^p  ii  s. 
Panis  vero  de  £ble  qui  dicitur  Wangats  pondt  waflell'  &  du 
Panis  de  omnimodo  blado  poncTt  ii  Coketts.. 
Panis  vero  de  Treyt  pondt  ii  waftell'. 
Qn  qrt'  fri  venditur  pro  xviii3.  tunc  panis  iVadell  qdrani'  ponderabit  lui  1.  xa,. 

VI r  d. 
Qn  pro  II  s.  poiulerablt    Lxviirs. 
Qfi  pro  IIS.  VI  d.  ponderabit  Lims.   Iiii  d'.  ou.. 
Qn  pro  Ills,  ponderabit  xi.viii  s. 
Qii  pro  Ills,  vi  d'.  pond.rabit  xLiis. 
Qii  pro  im  s.  ponderabit  xxxvrs. 
Qn  pro  ini  s.   vi  d.  ponderabit  xxx  s. 
Qn  pro  v  s.  ponderabit  xxvii  s.  ii  d'.  ob. 
Qn  pro  v  s.  vis.  ponderabit  xxiiii  s.   viiid. 
C^ii  pro  VI  s.  ponderabit  xxii  s.  viii  d. 

Qn  pro  VI  s.   vi  d.  ponderabit  xx  s.  xi  di  ."' 

Qnproviis.  ponderabit  xixs.  v  d. 
Oil  pro  VII  s.  VI  d.  ponderabit  xviii  s.  in  d,  o5i 
Qiiproviiis.  ponderabit  xvns. 
Qiiproviiis.  vid".  ponderabit  xvi  s. 
Oil  pro  IX  s.  ponderabit  xv  s.  qa. 
Qn  pro  IX  s.  vi  d.  ponderabit  xiiu  s.   iii  &..  oti.  qa.. 
Qn  pro  xs.  ponderabit  xius.  vii  s.  qa. 
QTi  pro  xs.  vid.   ponderabit  xii  s.  xi  d.  q^. 
Qn  pro  XI  s.  ponderabit  xii  s.   iv  d.  q  i. 
On  pro  XI  s.  vi  3.  ponderabit  xi  s.   x  d. 
Qn  pro  XII  s.  ponderabit  xi  s.   iv  d. 

Sciend'  efl  qd  Affaium  debet  fieri  scdin  vendicionem  mediocris  frumenti,  &  non 
debet  mutari  nifi  ad  incrementum  vel  decrementuiu  viiJ. 

Sciend' eft  autem  qd  qndo  qrt' ffi  venditur  pro  ins.  vel  pro  xl  d'.  Ordeum 
pro  XX  d.  vel  ii  s.  A  vena  pro  xvi  d.  tunc  debet  &  bene  poffunt  braciatores  ven- 
dere  in  civitatibus  ii  galones  cervifie  ad  denar',  &  extra  in  galones  ad  denar';  &  burg' 
vendere  debent  in  galon'  ad  denar'  8c  extra  ini  galon'  ad  denar'.  Et  hxc  eft  aflila 
dni  regis  p  toram  Angliam  ^j  ipsuir.  d^nuili  regem. 

Sciend' 


HISTORY     O  -F     C  R  O  Y  L  A  ^^   D.  109 

Sciend'  eft  qd  vcndicio  galon'  non  debet  mutari  hiCi  ad  incremciuuiii  vel  decre" 
Trent'  vi  &.  vcl  prope  circa. 

Et  fciend'  eft  qd  piflor  pored  Inciari  in  qolibct  q-.irtio  fri  ut  probat'  eft  per  pif- 
to'.em  tini  regis  iiid".  k  fiuiur  id.  &  11  panes  de  hirna_:^'&  tril5s  fervicntibus  iH. 
ob.  &  11  garcioniBs  q.a  &  ,p  lale  oU.  &  ]no  gi.'ft  oli.  pro  caiulela  qa  pro  bofcom  J. 
&  pro  bultello  conduflo  oB. 

Et  fciend'  qd  braciatrix  non  accrcfcet  qdrante  in  lagei>a  nifi  pro  xii  d.  crcfceni' 
in  qrt'  bras'. 

Airifa  five  pondusfiat  panis  p  mediam  vendicoem  fri,  ^  tunc  non  miitab'  pcnJus 
pan  is  nifi  ppt  vi  S.  crefcent  &  decrefceni'  in  vendicoe  qrt*  ffi. 

Piflor  fi  inveiiiat'  panis  fuus  de  quadrante  in  defettu  ponderis  ii  s.  vi  d',  aut 
infra  amerciet',  &  i\  nnmerum  ilium  excedat'  fubeat  judm  pilof'&  non  redimat' judi- 
cium delinquentis  neq,  pro  auro  neq.  pro  argento. 

AfTifa  vini  feed'  affifain  dni  regis  obfervet',  foil' fextar' ad  xii  d'.  &c  fi  tabcrnarii 
afism  illam  excefferint  per  majorem  &  baltios  oftia  fua  claudant'  &  non  pmittant' 
vinnm  vendere  donee  a  dno  rege  licenciam  ob'inueriiir. 

Carnifex  qui  vendiderit  carnem  porcinam  fuperfemiatam  vel  carnes  de  morinn, 
Tel  emat  carnes  de  Judeis  &  vendiderit  Xtianis  poftquam  convi^lus  fuerit  primo  amer- 
ciet* gwc',  fecdo  conviifius  paciatur  judicium  pdor',  tercio  incarceret'  &  redimat',  qrto 
abjurec  villam. 

Et  idem  fiat  de  totis  tranfgreffionibus,  viz.  de  furcheto  hiis  q  mcatoribs  extraneis 
cum  reb'  venalibus  obviant  offerent  fe  vendiconi  rer'  fuar*  &  fuggent  eis  qd  bona 
fua  non  carius  vendere  potunt  q  vendefe  ^ponebant.  Hoc  judm  fuit  de  foro 
univo  &  fell'  de  hiis  q  confilium  &  auxilium  pftitint  &  favorem. 

Standardij  buffell  &  ulne  figillis  dni  regis  ferreis  fignent'  diligent'  &  falvo  cufto* 
dienl'  fub  pena  c  t.  Et  nulla  menfura  fiat  in  villa  nifi  menfure  dni  regis  concordet, 
&  figno  communitatis  ville  fit  fignata.  Et  fi  quis  emat  vel  vendat  p  menfuram  non 
fignatam  p  majorem  &  baillivos  non  examinatam  gravitcr  amerciet'.  Et  oes  menfure 
viile  majores  Ik  minores  bis  in  anno  videant'  &  cxamiuent'.  Si  quis  autem  inventus 
fuerit  cum  duplici  menfura  majore  fcil'  ad  emend'  &  minore  ad  vendend'  tanq'  fal- 
farius  incarceretur  &  graviter  punletur.  Nullum  genus  bbdi  vendetur  p  cumuluia 
vel  cameir,  preter  aven',  brafeum,  &  farinam. 

Tolnetum  ad  molendinum  scdm  confuetud'  regni  &  stdm  fortitudinem  curfus  aque 
capiat'  vel  ad  vicefimu  granu  &  vicefimu  qrtij  granu.  Et  menfura  p  qua  tolnetum 
capi  debeat  fit  concordans  menfure  3m  regis:  &  capiat'  p  rafum  &  nichil  p  cumu- 
lum  vel  cameir.  Et  firmarii  inveniant  molendinum  necclfariiH  ita  quod  nicliil  capi- 
ant  nifi  debitum  tolnetum  :  &  fi  aliter  fecerint  graviter  amercientur. 

Si  quis  aute  vendere  prefumat  farinam  aven'  fophifticam  vel  alio  modo  fallacl 
graviter  puniatur ;  scdo  convi^us  amittat  tota  farina  ;  tercio  fubeat  judic'  pil- 
lof'  i  qto  abjuret  villam,  Sec.  Ex  Regro  Croyland.  fol.  55.  56. 


O  z  N' 


no  APPENDIX        TO        T    HI    E. 


N°  L\^ 


F     E     N     N     S. 


TTplHE  boundaries  both  of  the  Ifle  of  Croyland  and  its  fenns  are  dated  by  SRp 
\  William  Dugdale  in  his  Hiflory  of  Imbanking,  cxliv.  from  the  feveral  char- 
ters of  Beitulph  and  Edred,  kings  of  England,  here  printedj  N"  V.  and  VIII.. 
bur,  notwithftanding  the  alTurance  of  thefe  grants,  we  find  the  Fenns  frequently  in- 
vaded. Ct  the  invafion  by  the  people  of  Holand  and  the  prior  of  Spalding,  in 
the  reign  of  Henry  II.  fee  before  p.  50,  51  ;  again  t.  John,  p.  54;  the  abbot  of 
Peterborough,  in  the  fame  reign,  p. 55  ;  and  Append^c,  N"  XXI.  Inthehane  reign  of 
H.  Ill.thc  jurors  of  Ei'ow  wapentake  prefented  the  abbot  ol  Crayland  to  the  juftices 
itinerant  at  Lincoln,  for  oblbiifting  the  water-courfe  by  planting  willows. 

"  Jurat'  dc  wappent'  de  Eliow  pfentant  qd  duo  luerunt  curlus  aque  in  coi  ripa 
de  Croiland,  unus  curfus  remocior  eft  ik  alius  ^pinquior,  &  dicunt  qd  curfus  ^pin- 
quior  fuit  redlus  curfus  &  fatis  ^fundus,  ubi  navigances  aifiameiit'  cum  navibus  & 
batellis  fuis  poiuerunt  ptcrire.  Et  dicunt  qd  abbas  ('loilandie  plantando  fup  ri- 
pam  illam  falicesobftruxit  &:  artavit  filuin  puci  redti  curfus  &  jjpinquioris,  uode  tianf- 
euntes  impediuntur  habere  navigacoem  fuam  ficut  habere  confueverunt.  Ideo  ad 
judicium  de  abbe  Croiland.  Polfeaquam  conviftus  e!l  p  pfatos  xii  juratos  &p  juf- 
tic'  tunc  commorantes  in  com'  ifto  quia  tranlitum  p  ripam  illam  fecernnt.  qd  curfus 
aque  pdce  ripe  commodior  &  decentior  eft  loco  quo  nunc  eft  quam  loco  veteri  quern 
ipfi  jur'  pfentavcrunt,  non  tamen  curfus  aque  illius  adeo  largus  &  profundus  fitficuti 
nunc  eft  qd  curfus  ifte  reiftus  eft  &  non  obliquus  veluti  curfus  antiquus  ;  &  ideo  cur- 
fus ifte  novus  fiet  in  eod'  ftatu  in  quo  nunc.  Et  abbas  eft  inde  quietus."  Regifter, 
fol.  60.     Dugd.  Hift.  of  Imbank.  p.  212. 

Maurice  Johnfon,  efq.  fteward  of  the  manor  of  Croyland,  (hewed  the  Spal- 
ding Society  a  very  antient  entry  on  velom  from  the  Court  Rolls  of  the  manor 
of  Croyland,  fetting  forth  the  bye  laws  made  at  that  court  for  fixing  rates  on 
ferrying  from  Clotc  to  Croyland  id.,  thence  to  Walranlhall  id.,  and  as  much 
returning,  and  double  of  ftrangers  in  fair  weather,  and  treble  in  ftormy  and  tem- 
peftuous  ;  made  A.  D.  1530,  3  Ed.  III.  and  6  of  the  prelacy  of  Henry  de  Catewick, 
26'h  lord  abbot  of  Croyland,  then  lord  of  that  manor,  and  a  profecution  byway 
of  prefentment  in  that  lord's  court  againft  17  licenfed  ferrymen  (iiaute)  for  difobey- 
ing  thofe  bye  laws  in  taking  more  in  fcandalum  d'ni  abb'is  1338.  From  Clote, 
where  there  is  a  barr  erefted  on  the  bank,  to  Croyland  is  now  a  road  on  that 
bank,  and  a  toll  taken  at  that  barr,  the  repairing  that  bank  being  at  the  charge 

of 


n  I  S  T  O  R  Y     O  F    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  in 

of  the  lord.  The  mala  tolneta,  or  exceffive  tolls  taken  for  paffage  or  fen  ics  were 
always  an  article  of  enquiry,  and  hereby  ordered  to  be  given  in  charge  to  the  leet 
jury  ;  for  the  procefs  is  againll  the  o'Tcnders,  beinq;  naute  cie  Croiilnnd  qui  naves 
habent  ad  de  .  .  mcnl  comitai'  allocat'  that  were  licenfed  by  the  lord  in  liis  court 
ttiere,  and  therefore  there  refponfible. 

lo  E.  III.  a  petition  was  exhibited  to  the  king  and  council  in  parliament,  fetiing 
forth  the  perils  and  lolTei  furtained  by  badncfs  of  the  road  between  C:io)land  and 
Spalding,  and  greater  mifchief  likely  to  enfuc,  which  might  be  avoided  by  mak- 
ing a  new  caufcvvay  between  the  town  of  Cioyland  and  a  place  called  the  Brother 
Houfe,  by  the  faid  abbot  on  his  own  ground,  for  which  he  was  to  be  allowed  to 
take  toll.  The  abbot  objefted  to  the  length,  three  miles  of  fenny  foil,  and  low  fitua- 
tion,  liable  to  be  overflowed  in  winter,  and  broken  through  by  bargemen  and  ma- 
riners, and  high  winds,  and  the  number  of  bridges  :  the  toll  to  be  xiicf.  a  barge 
ill  tempeftuous  weather,  xii  ct.  a  loaded  cart,  vid'.  a  loaded  horfe,  iid.  a  loaded 
man,  every  horfe  without  a  load  iiid  and  every  man  i  d.  and  in  great  dorms  and 
floods  double  for  water  carriage,  for  feven  years,  and  after  that  tiine  half-  price. 
This  remained  unanfwered  two  years,  when,  on  a  frefli  application  of  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Kelteven  and  Holand  to  parliament,  a  writ  of  enqairy  illucd,  but  what  was 
done  therein  Sir  William  Dugdale  fays  he  found  not.  (lb.  213  Pat.  10  E.  Ill,  p. 
2.  m.  8..  in  dorfo.) 

But  in  Eader  term  at  Lincoln,  23,  E.  III.  the  jurors  for  divers  wapentakes  in 
this  connty  prefented,  among  other  things  enumerated  by  Dugdale  (lb.  214.)  that 
there  had  wont  and  ought  to  be  a  certain  common  highway  from  Spalding  to  Bro- 
therhoufe,  and  from  thence  to  Croyland,  which  ought  to  be  repaired  by  the  abbot 
and  town  of  Croyland,  with  the  bridges  over  the  trenches,  whereas  it  was  now  ob- 
ftruftcd  by  a  dunghill  laid  there  by  the  abbot's  fervants,  and  that  abbot  Henry  and 
his  convent  had  appropriated  to  themfelvcs  the  part  of  that  highway  at  the  end  of 
Croyland  town,  and  planted  there  willows  and  other  trees,  to  the  great  hindrance 
of  the  pafl'engers.  The  jury,  however,  found  that  there  was  no  fueh  road  for  all 
paffengers  from  Brotherhoufe  to  Croyland,  but  only  for  all  paflcngers  in  barges 
and  boats  in  the  river  Weland,  and  the  abbot  and  town  of  Croyland  were  not 
bound  to  repair  any  way  there,  nor  make  or  maintain  any  bridges,  and  the  abbot 
and  convent  were  difcharged  of  the  prefentment  in  this  and  the  other  points. 
Regifter,  f.  27.  a.  Placit.  coram  rege,  term.  Hib  24  E.  III.  rot.  34  L.inc. 

40  E.  III.  the  jurors  prefented  the  town  of  Spalding  for  neglecting  to  fcoiir  the 
river  Weland,  from  the  houfe  of  William  at  Towncfendc  of  Spalding  to  Brother- 
houfe. They  replied  it  was  an  arm  of  the  fea  fubjeifl  to  the  tide,  and  therefore  thev 
were  not  liable,  and  defired  a  jury  might  be  fummoned.  Dugd.  215.  ex  bund,  de 
brev.  &  record.  Wallias,  &c.  tangentib.  n.  10. 

Memorandum,  that  from  the  time  of  the  foundation  of  this  abbey  until  the 
days  of  Sir  John  Wake,  who  lived  t.  E.  II.  and  III.  nothing  was  done  againfl  the  ab- 
bot of  Croyland  for  raihng  a  bank  in  Gokefland  marfli  in  Holand.  But  in  the 
time  of  Thomas  Wake,  ion  of  Sir  John,  the  faid  bank  was  made,  and  the  ab- 
bot of  Croyland  made  it  from  Kenulphfton  to  Croyland  town,  alias  Dvkecnd 
(from  which  place  the  lordfhip  of  Depyng   began  and  continued  to  Woiclade) 

7  till 


112  APPENDKX        TO        THE 

till  tlie  time  of  the  duke  of  Somerfet.  Then  the  fiiid  duke  by  his  own  power  re" 
moved  the  faid  abbot  from  that  bank,  and  compel'.ci  him  more  by  riot  than  by  any 
rcafon  to  inake  a  bank  from  Dykecnd  to  WodeloJc,  which  banks  i!ie  faid  (iuke 
nnd  his  lordiliip  ou^ht  to  have  made,  by  reafon  whereof  the  faid  abbot  and  !iis 
tenants  were  charged  more  than  they  ought  to  be  by  three  parts.  Uugdale,  214. 
ex  jlegiftro. 

3  H.  V.  there  was  an  award  made  between  the  abbot  of  Croyland  and  the  in- 
'habitants  of  Spalding  and  Finchbek  by  John  Woodhoiis,  chancellor  of  the  diocefe 
of  Lincoln,  John  Leventhorp,  receiver,  and  William  Babington,  one  of  the  coun- 
fel  of  the  faid  duke,  with  the  affiftance  of  llichard  Norton,  chief  juftice  of  the 
Common  Pleas,  and  the  refl:  of  the  jiiiliccs  of  that  court,  who  decreed  to  the 
faid  abbot  and  his  fucceflbrs  all  the  foil  of  Goggiflound,  together  with  the  whole 
fifhing  and  fowling  therein,  and  that  the  faid  inhabitants  of  ijpalding  and  Pinchbek 
fhould  be  excluded  from  taking  any  other  profits  therein,  excepting  common  of 
palfure.     lb.  218.   ex  Chron.  de  Croyland  compofitis,  t.  H.  VII. 

17  H.  VI.  the  abbot  was  indifted  for  not  repairing  a  certain  bank  in  Croyland, 
extending  from  Brotherhoufe  to  the  Clote,  thence  to  the  triangular  bridge  in  that 
town,  and  fo  to  Dovedale  Clore  in  Croyland  ;  another  bank  in  Croyland  called 
Sharpefdyke  within  a  certain  marfh  there  called  the  Purceynr,  which  bank  reached 
from  Brotherhoufe  to  Plantefeld  in  Thorney  :  a  third  bank  in  Croyland  called 
Winterdyke,  within  the  faid  Purceynt  marlh,  from  the  Clote  to  the  fide  of  Croy- 
land abbey;  and  a  fourth  bank  within  the  Purceynt  marfh  on  the  wcfi;  fide  of 
Shepes  Ee,  from  Dovedale  Clote,  near  the  divifion  between  Mukon  and  Whaplode  ; 
and  a  fifth  called  Moredyke,  alfo  in  the  faid  marfli  from  Shepes  Ee  to  Alendyk. 
The  jury  proved  that  the  abbot  and  convent  repaired  thefe  banks  oiily  for  their 
own  private  convcniency.     Dugd.  217.  ex  Regiftro,  f.  79.  b. 

In  the  fame  reign  the  abbot  was  indifted  for  not  repairing  a  certain  clough, 
called  Shipley  in  Dovedale  in  Croyland  parifh,  then  broken  down,  from  36  H.  VI. 
by  reafon  of  w>.ich  the  lands  were  overflowed.  The  abbot  appeared  by  attorney 
at  Deping,  2  E.  IV.  and  pleaded  not  guilty  ;  but  becaufe  he  would  not  conteft 
therein  with  the  king,  he  fubmitted  and  defn-ed  to  be  admitted  to  pay  his  fine, 
which  the  court  afleffed  at  vi  s.   viii  d.     lb.  217.  ex  Reg.  f.  110.  in  cedula. 

-"  Meirid',  qd  a°  r.  r.  Henrici  VI.  xxxi"  Wiltus  Roce  de  Deping  Sc  Willus   Fla- 

ket  de  eod'  venicntes ad  Croyland  vert'  ^priis   &:  voluntariis  innotefcebant 

Jobi  Witlyfley  de  Croyland  pdca  de corpore  niortuo   cujufd'  hoi's  ignoti 

jacente  infra  limitcs  &  bundas  de  (lokyfland,  que  ell  pochia  de  Croyland  &  infra 
limites  &  pochiani  ejufd'  &  fie  p  relatum  dci  Jotiis  W^itlyifey  ad  aures  Johis  abBis 
Croyland,  qui  mittens  Ricum  Slynge  &£  Simonem  Andrew  tunc  confres  cum  Rico 
Walles  bativo  ae  aliis  tain  de  villa  quani  funili.i  fua  ad  numerum  quatuordeciin 
pibnar'  corpus  fiirfum  levari  fecit  deferend'  ad  eccliam  Croyland  in  cuius  cimi  tcrio 
p  vifum  &  licenciam  coronatoris  tr:iditum  fuit  fcpulture."      Reg.  Croyl.  fob  1. 

7  H.  IV.  |ohn  Pykrell  was  found  drownal  in  Alderlound  mari'h  two  furlongs 
from  the  windmill  towards  Somhlake,  over  agtind  the  (lone  ci-ols,  and  being  car- 
ried to  CroylanJ,  wasj  on  view  ofjuhn  Bayly,  coroner,  buried  in  the  church  yard. 

13  H. 


MM  STORY     OF    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  ^t^ 

r3  H.  VI,  John  Hardy  of  Cioyl.mJ  coming  from  Di.'plntj  in  his  own  boat  (in 
//w^i3/>ro/)rMJ  was  drowned  half  ;i  rood  on  this  fiJe  (cnra)  ihc  Hone  en 'Is  called 
Kcnulphfton,  and  after  view  of  Thumas  Harrifon,  coroner,  in  Molhinci,  was  buried 
ia  Croyland  church  yard. 

I  H.  Vn.  Simon  Fygg,  of  Cowbit,  n;uf  of  the  prior  of  Spaldiug,  coming  from 
Croyhmd  ia  a  little  boat  (navieula)  wiib  his  fon  John,  a  lad  about  lo  yc.us  old, 
fell  into  the  Wcland  at  Wodtlode,  and  was  drowned  be)ond  Wodlode  near 
Whyghihous;  and  after  view  by  John  Stevenfon,  then  the  abbot  of  Cioyland's  co- 
roner, was  buried  in  Croyland  church  yard, 

"  Q\l  cuftos  cignorum  tfoi  regis  non   habebit   v.ayffs  neq,   flrayfis  cignoriim  infra: 

ttnium  apd  Croyld'. 

Mem.l*  qil  Wiltus  Bride  cuflos  cignorum  Sni  regis  in  ptitis  de  Holland  in  ccjn' 
Lincoln'  p  Iras  dni  regis  patenres  ptcndcns  habere  ad  ufuin  dni  regis  dcs  cignos 
volatiles  Sc  volantes  &  non  fignatos  necnon  &  extrarnvras  &-v.civatos  tarn  infra  pre- 
cinftani  Croyland  quam  extra  infra  tlniuai  CroyI .mdi:^,  vifis  ab  co  &■  intelleftis  div- 
for'  regLim  cartis  atbl  Cioyland  coiiceflls  &  poflcuione  annua  talium  cignor'  vola- 
tilium  non  fignator'  veivator'  &  extratuvrar'  in  ctnio  fuo  Croyland  contingentium 
oiii  [kicor'  expers  &  vacuus  receffit  inde  quietus,  8:  dnus  abbas  Croyland  in  pacifica 
poffellione  oiu  taliu  cigoorum  pdcor'  exiftens  &  regum  Anglic  libtatlbs  fibi  conctf-- 
lis  libere  &  pacifice  gaudet.  Atfia  funt  hrtc  ii  die  in  Julii  a.  r.  r.  E.  IV..  17. 
(147,8)   Wm.  Bride."     Of  him  fee  in  the  Whaplode  riot,  p.  98. 

In  the  fame  regifter,.  fol.  19.  a,  is  a  copy  of  a  perambulation  bet:ween  the  coun- 
ties of  Lincoln  and  Cambridge,  to  determine  to  which  county  the  fen  between- 
Wisbech  and  Ho\  land  belonged,  about  the  time  of  H.  HI. 

Fol.  2  1 — 27.  Two  perambulations  between  Holand  and  Kefleven,  13  and  18  U.  II. 

9  E.  I.  1  he  abbot  indidted  certain  perfons  for  difpoffeffing  him  of  lands  in  Gtd. 
ney,  a  fea  wall  calf  up,  half  on  his  land  and  half  on  that  of  Peter  de  Gonfliill, 
who  had  carried  otf  the  creft  of  a  dyke  (creftam  fojjati)  which  the  abbot  and  his 
predeceflbrs  ufed  to  feed.     The  abbot  carried  his  point,     fol.  131.  a. 

Fol.  20.  a.  b.  ProcelTus  faftus  in  trailbafton  occafione  fraiflionis  &  deftruftionis 
guttur'  ex  parte  oriental'  crucis  apud  Brothhous.   11  Jul.  2  E.  III.  1328. 

"  Henri  abbe  de  Croilaund  fe  pleynt  de  William  de  Well  de  Multon,  Raynaud  dc 
Welle  de  mefme  la  ville,  Adam  Kede  de  mefrae  la  ville,  Bertelmew  Pynder  dc 
mefme  la  ville,  &  John  le  fuitz  Nichol  de  Multon,  de  ceo  qe  mefmcs  ceux,  William, 
Rcynaud,  Adam,  Bertelmew,  &  John,,  p  aflent  &  ^jcurement  des  toutz  les  comuntrs 
des  villes  de  Spaldyng,  Wefton,  &  Multon-,  le  meflierdy  en  le  fymaigne  de  Pen- 
tecofl  I'an  du  regne  le  roy  qore  eft  fecunde,  a  force  &:  armes  une  guttere  d'une  fe- 
were  tie  mefmes  celuy  abbe  pres  de  Brothhous  en  Croiland  p  qele  la  preceynte  de 
fa  abbaie  fuft  enfewe,"  &c.  by  which  means  the  precin(ns  of  the  abbey  were  fur- 
rounded  by  water,  "  &  le  dit  abbe  perdit  le  profit  de  cynk  cents  acres  de  pre  & 

de 


U4  APPENDIX        TO       THE 

departure"  to  the  damage  of  loo  marks;  whereupon  a  jury  gave  him  20  (hil- 
lings  damages. 

Procefs  about  a  fewer  at  Shepee,  24  E.  III.  f;ud  to  have  been  ilrft  obflruifled 
by  one  abbot  Richard,  and  maintained  by  abbot  Henry,  to  the  great  damage  of 
the  lands,     fol.  110,  iii,  112. 

Agreement  between  John  abbot  of  Croyland  and  Robert  prior  of  Spalding,  on 
the  one  part,  and  Sir  William  Bonevyle  and  Elizabeth  his  wife  on  the  other,  about 
making  and  repairing,  for  forty  years,  a  new  dyke,  "  p  le  Oidhee,"  within  the 
precinct,  as  it  extends  from  Brotherhous  as  far  as  Cachcoold,  11  H.  VI.  fol. 
40.     See  Dugdale  on  Imbanking,  p.  216. 

ProceiTus  defoffatis  infra  84  circa  procinflum  non  reparand'  a.  13  Johis  abhis. 
fol.  79 — 81.     See  Dugdale  on  Imbank.  217. 

Fol.  28.  a.  Inquifition  about  a  filhery  from  Brotherhous  to  Wodelode,  22  E.  III. 

Agreement  between  Thomas  abbot  of  Croyland  and  John  prior  of  Spalding 
about  the  faid  fifhery,   1374,  48  E.  HI.     fol.  39.  40. 

.  14  E.  .  By  the  prefentment  of  a  jury  ot  Spaldingmen  of  the  holders  of  land 
on  the  Eaft  fide  of  Spalding  bank,  it  appears  that  the  abbot  of  Croyland  held 
there  two  acres  and  a  half,  and  in  a  return  of  the  fea  dykes  (fojjaV  maris)  of  the 
fee  of  the  abbot  of  Croyland  (m  the  eaft  fide  of  the  bank,  each  acre  ad  in  ped'  is? 
di'  {s?  II  poll',  the  abbot  of  Croyland  and  the  heir  of  Simon  Montfort  for  one  acre, 
three  feet  and  a  half,  and  two  poUic\ 

The  abbot  of  Croyland,  for  one  quarter  of  an  acre,  one  foot  and  a  half,  and 
eight /><v//;V',  &c.     fol.  115 — 119. 

Agreement  between  William  prior  of  Spalding  and  Ralph  abbot  of  Croyland, 
about  no  acres  of  wood  and  1760  acres  of  marfli  in  Wefton,  Multon,  and  Spal- 
ding.    ImperfeiSl. 

On  Saturday,  Feb.  19,  1763,  the  bank  broke  againfl  Brotherhoufe,  by  which 
means  Portland  was  laid  upwards  of  three  feet  under  water.  The  breach  was  at- 
tempted to  be  ftopped  at  the  beginning  by  finking  a  lighter,  which  was  immediate- 
ly carried  away  and  broken  to  pieces  by  the  violence  of  theftream,  and  another  was 
dertroyed  in  the  fame  manner.  '1  he  fudden  dirtrefs  of  the  tenants  was  fo  great  that 
they  were  obliged  to  remove  their  families  immediately  to  Croyland,  and  their  cat- 
tle into  the  high  country  or  any  rifing  ground  they  could  find.  The  breach  run- 
ning eight  days  fucceffivcly  before  it  could  be  taken,  the  water  was  happily  flopped 
on  Sunday,  Feb.  27. 

Peterborough  abbey,  being  firrt  founded,  was  endowed  with  lakes  and  water- 
courfes,  which  extern  ed,  as  they  thought,  into  the  territories  of  the  abbey  of 
(;royland.  Hence  frequent  difputes  between  them,  which  were  fettled  by  the  fine, 
N^XXI.  p.  c^^.  levied  1206.  7.  Jolm,  between  Acliarius  abliot  oi  Peterborough,  and 
Henry  Lonj^cnami-)  abbot  of  Croyland,  of  certain  lands  tens  in  Pcykirke  and  S.  to 
Croyland.  Another  was  levied  v/uhin  a  montii  after,  June  24,  31  Hen.  III.  1247, 
after  certain  infractions  into  the  former  by  Peterborough,  between  Kichard  Bar- 

deney 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y     O  F    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  115 

denfy  abbot  of  Croyhnd,  complainant,  and  William  Hotot  abbot  of  Peterborough, 
and  for  adjuding  the  plaintiPs  right  to  a  bridge  and  fair.  To  evince  their  rights 
and  prove  the  infraction,  was  added  to  the  end  of  this  inftrument  a  covenant  be- 
tween both,  Robert  Lindfey,  abbot  of  Peterborough,  and  Henry  Longchamp,  of' 
Croyland,  anno  ab  inc.  1216.  (18  John  and  i  lien.  III.)  under  the  feals  of  both 
thefe  prelates  and  their  convents.  The  originals  of  thcfe  fcveral  deeds  were  flievvn 
to  the  Spalding  Society,   1746. 


N°  LVIII. 


Abbot    Lytlyngton. 

Pardonacio  Rgj^is  Henrici  VI. 


HENRICUS,  Dei  gra,  &c.  oibs  ballivis  &  fidellbus  fuis  ad  quos  pfentes  tre 
pvenerint  fal'.  Sciatis  qd  de  gfa  iira  spali  &  ex  certa  fciencia  &  mero  metu  iiro 
pardonavimus,  remifimus,  &  relaxavimus  Johi  Lytlyngton  abbi  de  Croyland  5c  ejufd* 
loci  conventui  oimodas  tranfgrelliones  olfenfas,  mifprifiones,  contemptus,  h  impe- 
tieces  p  ipfos  abbem  &  convent*  ante  nonum  diem  Aprilis  ultimo  pteritum  contra 
formam  fhatutor'  de  libatis  pannor'  &  capiciov'  f  cos,  &c.  Telle  meipfo  ap'  Weft- 
inonaft'  9  Julii,  a.  r.  n.  24.     V-  ipfum  regem  in  partto.     Abbey  Reg.  fol.  216.  a.  b. 

H.  VI.  a.  r.  38.  granted  abbot  Litlyngton  all  fines,  amerciaments,  redemptions, 
iffues,  and  penalties,  of  all  tenants  and  refients  in  Croyland,  in  all  the  king's  courts, 
writings,  mandates,  bilh,  he.  and  execution  thereof  by  their  own  bailiff  within 
the  town,  io  that  no  fheriff,  efcheator,  coroner,  feodary,  bailiff,  or  other  king's 
officers  fhall  interfere,  nor  clerk  of  the  market  of  the  houfehold  (mercati  hofpicii 
Tiri)  enter  the  town.  He  alfo  granted  all  chattels  of  feloas,  outlaws,  fugitives, 
waiiiar',  &c.     fol.  1^6.  b. 


r  N* 


ji6  APPENDIX        TO        THE 


N°  LIX. 


Ex  MSto  Hail.  604,   fol.  3. 

SEXTO  idus  Junii,  anno  regni  E.  III.  3'^  Henricus  de^Cafewyk  abbas  de  Croy- 
land   fecit  Sno  Robto  de  Kamcfey  abbti   de  Burgo'  Sandi   Petri  fidelitatem 
apud  Singlefole  pro  ter'  quam  tenuic  in  Paykirke  de  abbate  de  Burgo,  &c. 

Die  Veneris  prox'  pofl  feftum  Epiphanie  anno  Edwardi  Tertii  35,  Thomas  de 
Bernak,  abbas  de  Croyland,  fecit  llobro  de  Sanfey,  abb'  de  burgo  Sandli  Petri, 
fidelitatem,  apud  Singlefole  burg',  pro  tenenientis  qu^e  tenet  in  Paykirke. 

Die  Sanfti  Michaelis,  anno  Ricardi  Secundi  decirao  quinto,  Stis  Jotles  de  Afche- 
by,  abbas  de  Croyland,  fecit  dno  Nictlo  de  Elmeftowe,  abbati  de  burgo  Sanfti 
Petvi,  fidelitatem  apud  Singelfolt  burg',  pro  tenementis,  &c.  in  Paykerke. 

Henricus  de  Stanhowe  in  martirio  Sanfti  Laurentii,  anno  quarto  Hen.  III.  dedit 
nonaUerio  Croyland  ter'  in  Gedny,  Holbeche,  8c  Quapelade.  Telle  Egidio  dc 
GonfiU. 

Willmus  comes  Albemarle  confirmat,  &c.  totam  terram  de  Gedney  Fulconi  de 
Oyry&  heredibus  fuis,  &  Gavinus  de  Oyri  quiete  clamavit  totum  fuum  jus  in  pre- 
diftis  predifto  Fulconi.  Teftes,  Galfrid  de  Capella,  Franc'  vicecom' Albemarle,  Ge- 
rard Fanecorut,  Anfelm  Befot,  Galfrid  de  Avenis,  Eullac'  de  Vllliers,  Calfrid'  de 
Sartun,  Illar'  de  Ze'flenale,  Hugo  de  Galmerevyle,  \^'alt'  de  Oyri,  Stephano  fratre 
Franc'  vicecom'  Albemarle,  Hugo  de  Oyry,  Hugo  dc  Ulundemarkers,  &  Galfridus 
de  Oyry. 

Edwardiis  abb'  Croyland  dedit  Algaro  de  Flet  tenement'  in  Holbcch  k  Croyland, 
kc. 

Willus  fir  Thomse  de  Flet  dedit  mon'  Croyland  tenement'  in  Croyland. 

Nigellus  fil'  Socci  de  Flet  quiete  clamavit  mon'  Croyland  de  tcncmento  prediclo 
in  Croyland. 

Ricardus  de  Weethorp  &  Alicia  uxor  fua  quiete  clamaverunt  mon'  Croyland  par- 
tem unius  tofte  &  prati  quam  Henricus  abbas  Croyland  ei  dedit  S;  que  fuit  Jocclini 


pater 


WiJlielmi,  &c. 


Gal- 


HISTORY     OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  n; 

^  Galfridus  fil'  Hiigonis  de  Valle  Dei  de.Ut  moiialV  Cro)'land  unam  placeam  in 
villa  de  Cioyland. 

Hsnricus  abbas  Cioyland  dedic  Hugoni  de  Valle  Dei  tenementum  in   Croylaad. 

Concordia  in  curia  regis  anno  H.  III.  9.  inter  Reinerum  de,  Bui;go  Sc  Joannatn 
uxorem   ejus,   Warinum  filium  Hiigonis  8c   Aliciam  uxorem  ejus,    lierveum  de 
Slanlb  &  Aliciam  uxorem  ejus  petent',    &  Ricardum  abbatcm   Croyland  tenent'  de 
tenemento  in  Croyland  predift',  quiete  clamavcrunt  pieJiifto  RiCo  abtii  Croyland  to-, 
turn  jus  fuuin  in  predifto  tenento. 

Nichus  de  Morburn  fil'  Osberti  dc  Colario  dedit  moa'  Cioyland  tenement'  ia 
Croyland. 

Anno  regni  EdwardI  Primi  undeciino.  Reus  abbas  dc  Croyland  dimifit  Albrede 
nxori  Willi  de  Camera  curtodiam  Johis  fil'  8c  heredis  Wiltmi  de  Camera  &  terra- 
rum  que  fuerunt  Wiltmi  in  Langtoft  8c  Croyland.  Et  fi  contingat  prediclum  Jo- 
hera  difcedere  ante  plenam  etatem,  tunc  predida  Albrcda  habebit  cuftodiam  tcr* 
ufque  ad  plenam  statem  Willimi  fratris  Johis,  See. 

Ricardus  de  Wadyngworthe  abbas  Croyland  dedit  terras  ia  Hallngton  ad  opus 
pauperum. 

Ranulphus  abbas  Croyland  (pro  decimis  garbar'  de  Gedney  quas  Thomas  de 
Well  predeceflbr  ad  fabricam  fuflcntand'  8c  cmendand'  domus  de  Croyland  dedit)  dac 
manerium  de  Halyngton  ad  ufum  predictum,  8c  preterea  conftituit  quod  elemofinnrius 
dabit  annuatim  duodecim  marcas  aigenti  duobus  capellanis  pro  animabus  Kogeri  de 
Turkleby,  Walteri  8c  Thorn'  fratrum  fuor'  &  uxor'  prediftor'  Rogeri  8c  Walteri, 
&c.     Datum  in  capiculo  noflro  Croyland  xim  kalendas  Aprilis,  anno  Dhi  1272. 

Ricardus  abbas  fecundus  anno  i29o[3]  tertio  menfis  Septembris,  cum  confenfu 
conventus  Croyland  conftituit  ftatuta  ad  regendum  donium  de  Croyland,  8cc.  que 
flatuta  JoKes  de  Dalderby  epus  Lincoln  confirmavit.  Datum  apud  Bugden,  6  idus 
Novembris,  1313,  &  confec'  epi  14. 

Ricardus  abbas  Croyland  affignavit  pro  aniverfario  fuo  quinque  marcas  percipien- 
das  de  manerio  de  Thurning  ad  duos  terminos  anni  ad  feftum  dni  8:  fcfiura  Pafce 
per  equales  portiones,  diftribui  per  manus  lervicntis  de  Uterborne  8c  propofiti  de 
Thurning,  &c.     Dat'  apud  Croyland  die  San£ti  Michaelis,  130a. 

Ricardus  abbas  conftituit  unam  marcam  argenti  fingulis  annis  percipiendam  per 
manus  propofiti  de  Thurning  diftribui  iu  anniverfario  Robd  de  Chefterton. 

Henricus  epus  Lincoln  confirmat  oartam  abbatis  8c  mon'  Croyland  de  inveniendo 
unum  presbiterum  fecularem  celebrat'  pro  anima  Ricaidi,  filii  i'etri  de  Hoddyle  dc 

P  2  ,  Chcle 


ii8  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

Chele  ci'jduiTi  fenefclialli  epi  Lincoln  &  Simonis  de  Luffenham,  8c  animabus  pa- 
trum,  roatrum,  forovis,  &  omnium  defunft'  in  capella  in  le  Brodedrone  juxta  &c  So- 
vvyk  in  parochia  de  Quappelad.     Dat'  Line',   1322. 

Concordia  anno  2  Ricardi  inter  abbatem  de  Croyland  &  Godeford  Copefrenchis 
de  Spalding  de  curfu  aquce  de  Wefllade. 

Hugo  fir  prioris  de  Wyke  dedit  Johi  fil'  Gippe  terras  in  Spalding  (Ifte  prior 
de  Wyk  fuic  tempore  Robti  abbatis). 

Wiltmus  fir  Hugonis  de  Wyk  predifli  dedit  mon'  Croyland  reditum  duodcn'  de- 
nar'  in  terra  predifta  in  Spalding,  &c.  Et  Eva  uxor  Hugonis  predidi  confirmat  red- 
ditum  predifliun. 

Hugo  de  Riparia  dedit  Ade  Marvir  unam  placeam  edificatam  in  Spalding. 

Prior  de  Spalding  clamat  quoddam  telonium  quod  vocatur  Turfol  [T/juriol']  per- 
totum  annum  in  villa  de  Spalding  de  omnibus  extraneis  mercatoribus. 

Willns  de  Dunton,  miles,  dedit  mon'  Croyland  tenementnm  &  terras  in  Pike- 
fafe,  (Aloyfc  fuit  uxor  Willi  predicli)  ficut  donationem  Raduiphus  de  Dunton 
frater  Wiltmi  de  Dunton  confirmavir. 

Edwardus  abbas  Croyland  &c.  dedit  Robto  de  Fraunceys  fillo  Simonis  unam 
bovatam  terre  in  Pincebek,  &c. 

Concordia  anno  Hen.  II.  28,  coram  Wiliielmo  Boyfot  vicecomite  Lincoln'  in- 
ter Robevtum  abbatem  de  Croyland  et  Galfridum  de  Helpingham  de  terra  in 
I'incebek,  ficc. 

Jolies  fir  Galfrid'  de  Helpingham  concedit  Wiltmo  fratri  fuo  unam  bovatani 
terre  &  dimid'  in  Pincebek. 

Henricus  abbas  Croyland  dedit  unam  bovatam  terre  in  Pincebek  Waltero  fil'  Ulfi. 

Amicia  quondam  uxor  Wiltmi  de  Lafford  quiete  clamavit  man'  Croyland  terram 
quam  Waher'  fil'  Ulfi  de  ipfa  tenuit. 

Rogerus  fil'  Reynaldi  de  Multon  de^it  mon'  Ciioyland  ter'  in  Multon. 

Thomas  fil'  ThomjE  de  Multon  pro  falute  anime  fue  &  Sarre  uxoris  fue,  &c.  de- 
dit mon'  Croyland  ter'  in  Muleton  quam  Bartholomeus  avuncnlus  fuus  tenuit,  If!e 
Thomas  fuit  tempore  Henrici  abbatis. 

Thomas  de  Wellon  fil'  Walteri  de  Flete  dedit  mon'  Croyland  ter'  in  Wefton. 

Ex 


HISTORY    OF    CROYLAND. 


119 


Robertus  — — 
Gyti'ard.      | 

y 


RcginaMus=^Matilda 
Gyffard.    I       uxor. 


Rogerus  Gyffard. 


Ex   MSto  Ilarl.    5855,   fol.    113. 

Notum  fit  quod  ego  Rcginaldiis  GifTard  do,  ^c.  Deo  h 
Sancio  Gutldaco  8c  monacliis  CioyUind  dc  proprio  feudo  mco, 
&c.  concedente  &  confirmante  Rogero  filio  mco,  &c.  duo  vir- 
gatas  tre  in  Drydiayton  de  feudo  regis  Scotie,  Sec.  juxta  man- 
fionem  nieam  que  fuit  patris  mei  Koberti  GifFard,  &c.  Hiis 
teftibus ;  Hugone  milic'  de  Cotenhara,  Henrico  fratre  ejus. 


Scknt  omnes,  &c.  quod  ego  Rogerus  filius  Willi  de  Drai- 
tona  do,  &c.  Deo  &  Sco  Guthlaco  &  monachis  de  Cro)-- 
land,  &c.  Godwj'num  Kyng  &  uxorem  ejus  &  omnes  pueros  illorum,  &c.  Ifta 
autein  donacio  facta  eft  confenfu  Wdtini  fiiii  Rogeri. 

Notum  fit,  Sec.  quod  ego  Ricus  filius  Rogeri  de  Draiton  conceffi,  &c.  Deo  £: 
Sco  Guthlaco  de  Croyland,  &c.  Godwynum  Kyng  &  uxor  ejus  &  pueros  illorum 
&  terr',  &c. 

Notum  fit,  kc.  quod  ego  Rogerus  Gyffard  filius  Reginaldi  Giffard  dedi,  &c. 
Reginaldo  de  Well  pro  homagio  &  fervicio  fuo  totam  terram  abfquc  rctinentia  quod 
Ad'  filius  Wydonis  Giffard  tenuit  de  faodo  meo  in  villa  de  Draiton,  icil',  8cc. 

Finalis  concordia  fca  in  curia  itni  regis  apud  Cantabrig'  a  die  Pafche  in  unura> 
pienfem,  annoregni  regis  Henrici  filii  regis  Joliis  12°  inter  Robertum  filiuni  Wydo- 
ni$  petent',  &  Henricum  abbatem  de  Croyland  tenent'  de  quadringent'  novem  acii*. 
tre  cum  ptinent'  in  Draiton. 


N» 


-.1  20 


APPENDIX        TO        THE 


N^  LX. 

■From  the  Repifters  of  the  Court  of  Augmentations  hi  the  Exchequer. 
CROYLAND. 


'EMOR  AND'  qd  tmino  pafche  vicJft  vicefiino  fexro  die  Aprilis  anno  regni 
Sni  regis  nunc  Henrici  oftavi  tricefimo  fexto  Ttiomas  Coviile  generofiis  venit 
m  cur'  dci  dni  regis  augmentat'  revencionii  corone  fue,  &  ^mlic  ibidem  quoddam 
fcriptura  fub   figillo  conventuali  nup   monasiii  de  Croyland  in  com'  Lincoln  modo 
difolui'  fad'  &c  figillat',  8c  petit  illud  allocari;  cujus  quidem  fcripti  tenor  fequit'  m 
hec  verba  :   Omib'  Xpi  fidelib'  ad  quos  hoc  pfens  fcriptum  pvenit  Johes  pmiffione  di- 
vina  abbas  monaslii  be  Marie,  Scorq,   Bartlei  &  Guthlaci  de   Croyland  in  com'  Lin- 
coln' &  ejufdem  loci  conventus  fattni  in  dno  fcmpitnam.     Sciatis  nos  pfat'  abbeni  & 
conventum  unanimi  affenfu  &  confenfu  oris  dediffe,  conceiriiTe,  &  hoc  pfenti  fcripto 
nro  confirmaffe  ditco  nob'   in   Xpo  Thome  Coville   generofo  ^  bono  fervicio   I'uo 
nob'  &  monastio  iiro  pdco  ante  hec  tempora  impenf  quandam  annuitatem  five 
annualem  redditum  triginta  triu  folidor'  &  quatuor  denar'  legalis  monete  Anglie 
exeunt'  de  &:  in  manio  nro  de  Gedeney,  ac  de  &  in  omib'  tris  &  ten'  iiris  cum  fuis 
jptin'  in  Gcdney  pdift'  in  com'  pdi6l';  Jiend'  &  pcipiend'  dcam  annuitatem  five  reddi- 
tum tri'^'inta  trid  folidor'  &  quatuor  denar' pfat' Thome  Coville  &  affign'  fuis  durante 
■vita  ad°  fefta   Sci   Michis  archi  &  annunciacois  Be  Marie  Virginis  equis  porcoib' 
annuatim  folvend';  &  ft  contingat  dcam  annuitatem  five  annualem  redditum  triginta 
triu  folidor'  &  quatuor  denar' aut  aliquam   inde  pcellam   a  retro   fore  non  folut'  in 
pte  vel  in  toto  ad  aliquod  feiium  feflor'  pdicor'  quo  folvi  debeat  extunc  bene  li- 
ceat  &  licebit  pfat'  Thome  Coville  &  aflign'  fuis  in  pdid'  maniii  nrm  de  Gedney 
ae  orfies  tras  &  ten'  iira   in  Gedney  pdift'   intrare  &  difiringere  &  difl;riccoes  ficq' 
ibidem  capt'  licite  afportare,   effugare,   impcare,  ac  penes  fe  retinere,  quoufq-  ipfe 
de  pdift'  annuitate  five  annuali  redditu  viginti  triu  folidor'  &  quatuor  denar'  una 
cum  arreragiis   inde  fique  fuerunt  eis  plenar'  f  uit  fatisfaft'  &  pfolut'  &  nos  pfat' 
abbas  &  convent'  pofuim'  pfat'  Thomam   Coville  in  pofleffionem   annualis  redditus 
P  folucoem  fibi  duodecim  denar'.     In  cujus  rei   teftimoiim   huic  pfenti  fcripto  Tiro 
■Jiaillum  nfm  coe  appofuim'.     Dat'  in  doino  noflra  capitulari  apud  Croyland  pdift' 
vlcefimo  quarto  die  Augufii  anno  regni  Henrici  o6tavi  Dei  gra  Anglie  &  Francie 
rc'jis  fidei  defenforis  dni  Hibnie  &  in  tra  fupmi  capitis  Anglicane  ecctie  vicefimo 
nono.    Et  quia  p  debitam    exaiacoem   in  hac  fite  faft'  &  hit'  videt'   cur'  pdce 

fcriptum 


HIS  T  O  R  Y     OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  121 

fcriptum  pdcm  faft'  8c  figilhu'  fnifTe  bona  fide  &  abfc].  coniva  fraudc  fen  dolo,  ideo 
fcriptum  illud  p  cancellar' &  confitm  cur' pdce  allocat'^  &  ordinat'  8c:  decretum  ed 
p  eoUfm  cancellar'  &  confilm  qd  pJcus  Thome  Covillc  licliic  Sc  oaudcbit  fibi  cc 
allign'  ibis  ad  imini^i  vire  fue  dcam  annuitatem  five  anivjalem  icddirum  triginta 
triu  folidor' &  quator  denar' p  annij  p  manus  recept' exit' &  revencionu  dCi  nup'" 
monastii  ^p  tempore  exiften'  de  eil'dem  exitib'  &  rcvecoib'  ad  fcda  in  pJco  fcrlpto 
limitac'  p  equales  porcoes  iolvend'  (](!(].  'I'homas  liebic  omnia  arrcragia  dec  annui- 
tatis  a  tempore  diffolucois  dci  nup  j^onastii  buciilij-,  ci  dcbita  Iblvcncbi  eciam  p 
maniis  recept'  pdift';  provifo  femp  qd  fi  impollerum  debit'  modo  ,pbat'  fuit  coram 
cancellar'  &  confilio  cur'  pdce  ^  tempore  exiften'  qd  pdcus  Thomas  Coville  dcaai 
anuuitatem  triginta  triu  foiid'  &  quatuor  denar'  ratione  &  ptextn  fcripi'  pdi6t'  in 
forma  pclca  here  &  gaudere  non  dcbeat  qd  tunc  &  deinceps  hec  pfens  decrct'  va-- 
cuu  fit  ac  nulHus  vigoris  in  lege,  aliquo  clo  five  articlo  in  pf;;nti  decreto  content'  ir. 
concrar'  inde  non  obltan'. 

'The  follo'zving  annuities  irere  granted  by  the  faid  abbot  John. 

To  William  Turnour,  gent.  "  pro  bono  confilio  &  auxilio  nobis  &  monafterio  liro- 
pdco  ante  h£EC  tempora  inpcnfis  aliifque  de  caufis  ann' five  ann'red'  Lxs."  from  the 
manors  of  hlmyngton  and  Glapthorn  co.  Northampton.     Done  in  chapter  la^  Jan.. 
30  H.  Vill. 

To  John  Browne,  clerk,  xxxiiis.  iva.  out  of  Croyland  manor,    laOcf.  3»- 
H.  VIII. 

John  Maves,  xls.  an.  from  X'^'haplode,  Nov.  5,  "i^o  H.  VIII. 

William  Sympfon,  iv  marks  flerling,  on  Beby  manor,  Leiceflerfhire,  OtTf.  20. 
30  H.  VIII. 

Thomas  Hennege,  armig.  generofus  de  camera  privata  regis  xls.  out  of  Buck- 
nail  manor,  co.  Line',   16  Sept.  28  H.  VIII. 

John  Celecefler,  gen.  xx  s.  from  Drvdrayton  and  Hogentoi^,  co.  Camb.  Oct.  i, 
30  H.  VIiI. 

Athelardus  Welby  of  Gedney,  gen.  xxxiiis.  ivCf.  from  Gedney,  uli.  Jan.  30 
H.  VIII. 

Richard  Drucottes,  xiii  s.   iv  d'.   in  Boflon,  Feb.  10,  29  H.  VIII. 

Robert  Lyttelbury,  gent,  xxxuis.  iv  cl.  in  Claxby,  Aug.  28,  29  H.  VIII. 

Richard  I'eycok  of  Crovland,  voman,  iv  marcs  from  Whaplod,  10  Dt.c.  27 
H.  VIII. 

John  Wendon  de  Boflon,  "  mufico  &  in  medicinis  cxperto,  pro  bono  &  fidele  fcr- 
viciio  fuo,  ac  ecism  pro  confilio  he.nevolentiaque  nobis  &  monallerio,"  xxvi  s.  out  of 
our  ccllulci  de  Frefton  modo  fic  vocat',  and  all  lands  there,  8  Oft.  30  H.  VIII. 

Walter  Graver  XX  s.  de  firiuariomanerir  de  Hokyn "ton,  co.  Camb.  Sept.  22,  30 
H.  VIII. 

John  Bellowe,  gen.  xl  s.  in  Halynton  and  Legborn,   20  Dec.  30  H.  VIII. 

Robert  Hartopp,  aurifaber  &  civis  Load,  xx  s.  on  all  lauds  co.  Camb.  Ap.  28, 
30  H.  VIII. 

John  Bawde,  gen.  xx  s.  on.  all  lands  in  Crowlande,  Sept.  8,  30  II.  VIII. 

Thomas 


,12.2  APPENDIX        T    O        T    PJ    E 

'I'ho'.nas  Bowgh  of  Lond.  gen.  xu  s.  in  Drydravton,  co.  Cair.b.  lo  Sept.  3a 
:ll.  VIII. 

Richard  Juftis  "Gromulo  Garderobe  dne  prechariffime  confortij  dci  domiiH 
regis  Angiie  regine  corrodium  five  fuflentacionem  in  monallerio  p  -co  c;uoi  exten- 
■die  ad  valorem  v  marc'  p  an' jure  &  libertate  ecctie  Croyland  .rj,.ce,"  Sep.  15,  1523, 
1  j  H.  VUI. 

William  Ivnyo-lit  of  Spald}^ng  XXVI  s.  andviiid.  in  SpalJyng,  Feb.  9,  30  H. 
VIII. 

Anthony  Orby,  gen.  xxs.  in  Holbeche,   16  Ang.  20  H.  VIII.  1537. 

George  Seynt  Pol],  xxs.  in  Langcoft  and  Bafton,  20  Ap.  30  H.  VliI. 

Richard  Fryfkeney,  xl  s.  in  Soterton,  co.  Line.  Oft.  i.  30  H.  VIII. 

Robert  Bleyk,  xx  s.  in  Burthorpe  and  Wanthorpe,  co.  Line,  id  Ofl.  30  H.  VIII. 

Silvefter  Todde  aurifaber  et  civis  Lond.  xxvi  s.  viiig.  in  Cravesdale  in  South 
Weyborne,  co.  Hant.  Oft.  4,  29  H.  VIII. 

John  Dcgle,  xxvi  s.  viiid'.  in  Spaldyng,  7  Sep.  30  H.  VIII. 

James  Tyttyngton,  xxs.  in  Croyland,  i  Feb.  29  H.  VIII. 

To  William  Parre  miles  8c  Robert  Tyrwhytt,  arm.  office  of  Capitalis  fenefchalli  five 
fenefche  manerii  nri  de  Wedlyngborowe,  co.  Northampton,  and  all  others  in  that 
■  countv,  and  an  annuity  of  v  marcs  out  of  Wedlyngborowe  manor,  &c.   18  Nov. 

30  H.'Vm. 

William  Parre,  mil.  &  Richard  Thorkmorton,  gen.  xls.  in  Wellingborougb, 
12  Ap.  26  H.  VIII. 

Richard  Pcpys,  offic'  ballive  five  ballivat'  &  coUeft'  red'  maner'  lir'  de  Cotten- 
ham,  Hokynton,  &c  Drydrayton,  co.  Camb.  ivt.  vis.  out  of  the  laid  manors, 
Jan.  11,  30  H.  VIII. 

Thomas  Walpole,  gent,  de  Whaplod,  office  of  baillf  and  coUeflor  of  that  manor, 
and  jv  marcs,   i  Feb.  30  H.  VIM. 

John  Peyke  of  V\  ellingborough,  yoman,  xxvis.  viiid.  out  of  Wellingborougli, 
Jan.  7,  :-9  H.  VIII. 

Wiliiaai  Parre,  mil.  one  of  the  king's  council,  office  of  fenefchall  of  the  manors 
•of  Wellingborough,  Addyngton  in  Elmyngton  cum  Glapthorne,  co.  Northampton, 
"  cum  poteftate  nomlnand',  conftitiiend',  &  indiiuend'  in  offic'  fubfenefchor* -cticor' 
curiar' nr'  baillivor'  aique  iiiiniltror'  alior'  iir'."  xls.   20  Sept.  27  H.  VIIL 

Richard  Ogle  of  Pynchbek,  "  officium  clici  cur'  iirar'  in  ptbs  Holland  &  Kefton" 
■int.  in  Gedncy,  18  Feb.  30  H.  VII'. 

He  was  of  the  Inner  Temple  London,  and  had  from  Spalding  abbey  xxs.  in 
Spalding  by  prior  Richard,  June  10,  30  H.  VIII.  and  from  Robert  abbot  of  Thor- 
ney  xiii  s.  ivd'.  from  Woodilon,  co.  Hunt.  Sept.  i,  29  H.  VIII.  and  from  Croy- 
land in  Gedney  xls.    10  Dec.  30  H.  VIII. 

Thomas  i'ulvertoft,  xxs.  from  Whaplode  and  Holbeche,   15  Nov.  1538, 

William  Calowe,  xxs.  in  Whaplode,  Mar.  7,  30  H.  VIII. 

Piobei  t  Thakker  of  Holbeche,  yoman,  leaffcd  to  him  the  grange  and  howfe  of 
Hillaclheo  and  pert'  in  the  towne,  feldys,  and  paryfshe  of  Holbeche,  with  all 
howfes,  cdificacionS;  and  buildyngs,  for  forty  years,  paying  to  the  abbot  and  can- 
v.eut,  or  to  the  malUr  of  the  vvorkes  xli  t.  at  Martynmas  111  wynter,  and  the  An- 
nunciation 


n  I  S  T  O  R  Y     O  F     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  izj 

nnnchtion  of  our  I.udy  In  fummer  from  the  fefle  of  St.  Phyl\'p  and  Jacobbe  tha- 
podellys  next  enfuing  the  Amc  thereof.     Ofl.  lall,  30  H.  VIII, 

Thomas  Piifv-rtoft  xxs.  ;ii  Whaplode  anJ  llolbeche,   15  Nov.  1538. 

Robert  Wynofelde,  genr.  He  Ilclpftow  xl  s.  in  (iedney,  Dec.  10,  30  H.  VIII. 

(Jeorge  Forder,  office  of  bailif  in  Barton  and  colleftor  of  rents  both  of  the  ab- 
bot's tee  and  Beamond's  fee  in  Ballon  and  Tetfurth  v  marcs,  Jan.  i,   29  H.  Vlil. 

John  Daiby,  xxs.  iu  Thyrnyng.  29  Oft.  30  H.  VIII. 

Robert  f.yrtyUnirv,  geu.  baihf  of  Langtoft,  in  Kefteven,  v  marks  in  Langtoft, 
Oa.  7,  31  H.  VIII.' 

Roger  \Visi;fl:on  and  his  fon  and  heir  apparent  William,  xx  s.  in  Gednev,  Feb. 
10,  30  H.  VIII. 

Thomas  Leyton,  xxs.  in  Dowedyck  in  Sutterton,   Aug.  6,  29  H.  VIII. 

Bartholomew  Peycok,  xxs.  in  VVhaplod,    1  Jan.  29  H.  VIII. 

Anthony  Wiffendyn,  gen.  in  lege  peritum  xx  s.  in  Buckarhall  and  Halyngton,  co. 
Lincoln    12  Aug.  30  H.  \'III. 

Gilbert  Smyth,  archid' Northamton  and  his  affigns  nomination  to  Great  Addyng- 
ton  reftory,  dioc.  Line',  Odt.  4,   i<;3i. 

William  Browne,  xxvis.   viiid.  in  Baflon,  Sept.  7,    29  H.  Vlll. 

William  Bogge  and  Thomas  Bogge  leafe  of  fcyte  of  manor  place  called  Dawdick- 
liall  in  Sutterton,  parfonage  of  the  church  of  Sutterton,  tythe  of  corn,  wool,  hay, 
flax,  lamb,  &c.  with  a  wyndmylne  called  Dawdickhall  mill,  tenants  &  futesof  Daw- 
dickhall,  Sutterton,  Alderchirche,  and  Swindled,  hc^  referving  prefentation  to 
Sutterton,  xxxt.  for  46  years,  he  not  to  dyke  the  moate  nor  repair  the  chancel, 
SI  Dec.  20  H.  VIII. 

Thomas  Coape,  xx  s.  in  Tetfurtlie  and  Baflon  Oft  20,  30  11.  VlXI. 

Thomas  Bracayn,  xxs.  in  Drydrayion,  20  Apr.  30  H.  VIII. 

Edward  Gryffyn,  gen.  xxs.  in  Vv'eliingborough,   Sept.  8,   153S. 

Simon  Gierke  of  Gedney,  leafe  of  the  manor  (the  advowfon  rcf-TVod)  for  40 
years,  at  xxxiil.  xiii  s.  on  the  feafls  of  St.  Bartholomew  and  St.  Andrew  ;  a  fali- 
cottc  called   the  Binhon  cotte. 

John,  abbot  of  Croylaud,  granted  to  John  Fryfnay  de  Denyngton,  efq.  John 
Davy  of  Leke,  merchant  of  the  ftaple  of  Callais,  William  Dawne,  Richard  Fryf- 
nay, of  Croyland,  gen.  the  advowfon  and  right  of  prefentation  to  the  churcii  of 
Frefton,  i8th  Oft.  1538. 

Memorandum.  Forafmuche  as  yt  ys  duely  ^ved'  before  the  chancellour  and 
counfaill  of  the  Covvrre  of  Augmentaionsof  the  revenues  of  our  fovereigne  lorde  the 
king's  crowne,  that  the  chauiurie  prelfe  of  the  Chauntery,  fometyme  called  Seynte 
Thomas'  Chauntrie,  in  Frefton,  in  the  countie  of  Lincoln,  and  his  predecefiburs, 
chauntrye  preftes  there,  have  heretofore  bad  and  enjoyed  one  aunuytie  or  annual 
pencou  of  v  I.  vis.  viiid.  yerly  payable  and  going  oute  of  cerreyne  landes  in 
Frefton  aforefaid,  parcell  of  the  poffeffions  of  the  Itte  monaftery  of  Croylande  in 
the  countie  of  Lincoln,  nowe  diflblved.  'Tys  therefore  ordered  and  decreed  by  the 
faide  chancellour  and  counfaill  in  the  terme  of  Seynte  Michaell,  that  ys  to  fayethe  7 

^  <bye 


124  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

daye  of  November,  36  yere  of  the  reigne  of  our  faide  foverigne  lorde  Henry  VIII. 
that  the  laid  nowe  chauutrie  prefle  fliall  have  dnringe  his  life  the  faide  annuytie  or 
annual!  pencxin  ot  v  L  vi  s.  viii  d.  flerling,  logiiher  withe  all  tharrerages  theiof  due 
to  hym  fithen  and  from  the  difTolucion  of  the  (;\ide  late  uionaftery  of  Croylaude  hi- 
therto by  the  hondes  of  the  receyvour  of  the  revennues  of  the  augmeniations  of  our 
fovereigne  lorde  the  king's  crowne  within  the  countie  of  Lincoln  for  the  tyme  being 
of  the  fame  revennues  rcmaynyng  in  his  handes  at  the  feafles  of  th'Annunciaiion  of 
our  Blelfed  Ladie  the  virgin  and  Seynte  Michaell  tharchaungell,  by  even  porcions 
to  be  paicd.  Provided  alwayes,  that  the  faid  nowe  chauntrye  prefle  fliall  duringe 
the  tyme  aforefaide,  finge  and  doo  duyte  in  the  churche  of  Freiton  aforefaid  as  he 
hertofore  hathe  been  wonce  and  accullomed  to  doo. 


Copy  of  the  Leafe  to  William  and  Thomas  Bogge. 

This  indenture,  made  the  xxi  daye  of  Decembre  in  the  yere  of  the  reigne  of 
Henrye  the  Eighte,  by  the  grace  of  God  of  Englond  and  Fraunce  kynge,  defen- 
doure  of  the  faythe,  and  lorde  of  Irelonde,  the  xxvih,  betweene  the  revende  fa- 
ther John,  by  the  fufferaunce  of  God  abbott  of  the  monafterye  of  our  blefled  La- 
dy, Seynt  Bartilmewe,  and  Seynt  Guthlake  of  Croylande  in  the  countye  of  Lyncoln, 
and  the  covente  of  the  fame  of  the  one  ptye,  and  William  Bogge  of  Sutterton  in 
the  countye  aforfayd,  yoman,  of  the  other  ptye,  wytneflith  that  the  fayd  abbot  and 
covent  of  one  aflente,  confente,  and  full  agreniente,  covenanted,  graunted,  demyfed, 
and  to  ferme  have  letten  and  by  this  pfents  covenante,  graunte,  demyfe,  and  to 
ferme  do  lett  to  the  fayd  William  Bogge  and  to  one  Thomas  Bogge  hys  fonne, 
theire  executours  and  allignes,  all  that  the  fcyte  of  the  mannour  place  called  Daw- 
dickhall  in  Sutterton  aforfayde,  in  the  ptyes  aforfayde,  with  all  the  barnes,  ftables, 
and  all  other  theire  howfes,  edifications,  buyldyngs,  fett  and  beyng  opon  the  fame 
fcyte,  with  all  theire  demaynes,  londs,  medowes,  paftures,  fedyngs,  and  commons, 
with  all  theire  appurtenances  therunto  belongyng  as  holly  and  as  intly  as  the  fayd 
William  Bogge  the  pmiffes  lately  helde  and  occupyed.  And  alfo  the  feyd  abbot 
and  covente  of  one  alTente  and  confente  have  graunted,  demyfed,  and  to  ferme  let- 
ten,  and  by  thes  pfents  graunte,  demyfe,  and  to  ferme  do  leit  to  the  fayd  William 
Bogge  and  the  fayd  Thomas  Bogge,  theire  executours,  and  allignes,  the  pfonage  of 
the  churche  of  Sutterton  aforfayde,  in  the  ptyes  aforfayd,  in  the  fayd  countye,  and 
all  maner  of  tythe  corne,  tythe  haye,  tythe  well,  tythe  lambe,  tythe  flaxe,  and  all 
other  manner  of  tythes,  and  what  foever  the  fayd  pfonage  of  the  fayd  churche  of 
Sutterton  in  eny  wyle  apperteynyng  or  belongyng,  in  like  maner  as  one  Thomas 
Doughtyeor  the  fayd  \Vylliam  Bogge  the  fame  pfonage  and  other  the  pmifes  lately 
held  and  occupyed  as  fermours  to  the  fayd  abbot  and  covente  and  theire  pdeceOours 
with  a  wynde  mylne  called  Dawdickhall  mylne  pteynyng  to  the  fcyte  ot  the  ex- 
prelfed  manoure,  with  all  the  appurtenances  apperteynyng  or  belongyng  to  the 
fayd  wynde  mylne,  excepted  and  alwayes  referved  to  the  fayd  abbot  and  covente  and 
to  theyre  fucccfiburs  all  and  fyngler  theire  rents,  fervices,  and  cuflomes  of  all  and 
t  fingler 


HISTORY    OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  la^ 

fln?1er  their  tenants  and  filters  belongyng  or  appurteynyn^  to  the  fayd  manours 
of  Davvdickliall,  Suttcrton,  Alderchurchc,  Swynfhed,  and  elfewhere,  tenants  of  or 
to  the  fayd  manours.  And  alfo  excepted  and  to  them  referved  all  frauncs,  lylStyes, 
ryaltyes,  to  the  fayd  mancurs  belongyng  or  appurteynyngc.  And  alfo  excepted  and 
referved  to  the  fayd  abbot  aiui  covente  and  to  theire  fucceffours  the  advowfon  and 
patronage,  as  well  of  the  parfonage  as  of  the  vicarage  of  the  fayd  churche  of  Sut- 
tertwi,  when  and  as  often,  fo  often  and  as  often,  the  fayd  parfona^'.e  or  other  of 
them  ihall  happen  to  be  voyde  by  dethe,  refignacon,  pmutacon,  privacon,  ceifyon, 
or  otherwyfe,  or  by  eny  other  meane  there  duryng  the  favd  time.  And  alfo  excep- 
ted and  referved  to  the  fayd  abbot  and  covent,  and  to  theire  fuccefTours  durynge 
the  fayd  tme  all  and  al  mancr  of  letes,  courtes,  f\  nes,  and  amercyaments,  wardes, 
maryages,  relefes,  efchetes,  villayns,  neiffes,  vveiffes,  llrayes,  tolles,  teame,  infang- 
theif,  outfangtheif,  felons'  goodes,  outlawes,  mennes'  goodes,  ^pfetts,  advanrags,  re- 
venues, and  emoluments,  or  lets,  courts,  and  all  their  ryaltyt-s,  caUiall  ^Jf'etts,  or 
comodytyes,  with  ^ifetts  of  the  fame  that  maye  or  fliall  ryfe  or  growe,  in  the  fayd 
manour  of  Dawdickhall,  or  the  fayd  townes  of  Sutrerton,  Alderchurche,  and  Swyn- 
fhed aforfayd,  or  in  eny  other  place  belongyng  to  the  fayd  manour.  Provyded 
alwayes,  and  yt  ys  covenanrcd  betwene  the  favd  ptyes,  that  the  fayd  Wyllyam 
Bogge  and  Thomas,  theire  executours  and  aflignes,  fhall  have  the  half  of  all 
ftrayes  comyng  within  the  fayd  lordfliippe  duryng  the  fayd  tme,  if  that  the  fayd 
William  and  Thomas  and  theire  executours  and  affignes  do  truely  pfente  the  fame 
at  eny  lete  and  courte  of  the  fayd  abbot  and  hys  fucceffoures  within  the  fayd  ma- 
nours holdcn,  and  diligently  kept  them  of  theire  ^ppre  colles  and  charges  the  fayd 
ftrayes  to  the  tyme  they  be  vared  our.  To  have  and  to  holde  the  fcyte  of  the 
fayde  manour  of  Dawdickhall,  with  the  wynde  mylne  and  the  pfonage  of  the 
fayd  churche  of  Sutterton  and  other  the  pmilfes  with  theire  appurtenances  be- 
fore letten,  except  before  excepted ;  and  referved  alwayes  to  the  fayd  abbot  and 
covent  and  to  theire  fucceffours  all  thyngs  before  referved  to  the  fayd  William 
Bogge  and  Thomas,  to  theire  executours  and  affignes,  from  the  feafte  of  the 
apofUes  Philippe  and  Jacob  lafl:  pall:  before  the  date  herof  unto  thende  and  tme 
of  fourtye  fixe  yeres  then  next  and  ymmedyatly  folowyng  fully  to  be  com- 
plete fynyfhed  and  ended,  yeldyng  and  payeng  for  the  fayd  fcyte  of  the  fayd  ma- 
nour and  other  landcs,  teiits,  and  the  wyndmylne  to  them  letten  xxiit.  of  good  and 
leafnll  fterlinge  money  of  Englond,  and  for  the  fayd  pfonage  and  tythes  to  the 
fame  belongynge  duryng  the  fa\'d  tme  eight  pound  of  good  leafull  money  of  Eng- 
lond to  the  fayd  abbot  and  covent  and  theire  fucceffours,  at  two  fevall  times  in  the 
yere,  that  ys  to  faye  at  the  feafts  of  Seynt  Mighell  tharchaungelt  xv  t.  fterlyng,  and 
the  feaftes  of  Philippe  and  Jacob  called  comenly  Maye  daye,  xv  1.  fterling^  by 
even  porcions,  and  by  the  fpace  of  all  the  fayd  tme  of  fourtye  yeres  and  fixe. 
And  furthermore  the  faid  William  Bogge  and  Thomas  covenante  and  graunte  for 
tliem,  theire  executours  and  affignes,  by  thes  pfents,  the  fayd  William  and 
Thomas,  theire  executours  and  affignes,  (liall  from  tyme  to  tyme  duryng  by 
all  the  fayd  tme  of  xlvi  yeres  at  theire  ^pre  cofts  and  charges  all  and  every 
the  fayd  howfes,  edyficons,  and  buyldyngs  now  fett,  made,  buylded,  and  be- 
yng  in  or  opon  the  fayd  fcyte  of  the  fayd  manour   of  Dovfdickhall  as  well  in 

^2  i\oue 


iz6  At'PENDIX        TO        THE 

(tone  woike  called  groundcflyngc  and  undcrpynnynge,  fplyntynge,  thackynge, 
and  doubyiige,  belongynge  to  the  pmiffcs,  or  to  eny  parte  or  parccll  of  them, 
except  one  loJgynge  called  the  Warke,  buylded  of  breke,  wiche  the  fay d  abbot 
and  covent  and  theire  fucceffours  lyiali  repayrc  at  all  tymes  duryng  the  fayd 
taie,  and  alio  to  ftande  and  beare  all  maner  of  cyrabrc  pteynyng  to  the  fayd  fcyte 
and  manour,  with  all  other  howfes  and  edyfycuns  to  them  letten  duryng  and  by  all 
the  fayd  tine  of  xLV  I  yeres  at  the  ^pre  colh  and  ch-Jrges  of  the  fayde  abboc  and 
covent,  ;ind  theire  fucceffours.  Provided  aUvayes,  and  yt  ys  agreed  that  the  fayd 
Wyilyam  Bogge  and  Thomas  Bogge,  ncr  eyther  of  them,  theyre  executours  and  af- 
fignes,  Ihal  be  charged  duryng  the  faid  tme,  with  the  dykyng  of  the  moote  about 
the  fayd  manour,  or  beare  eny  part  of  the  fame,  but  only  at  his  pleafure,  or  to  be 
charged  in  the  re]2^cions  of  the  chauncell  of  Suttcrton  aforfayd,  but  the  fayd  abbot 
and  covente  and  theire  fucceffours  to  beare  the  cofles  of  the  fayd  chauncell.  And 
alfo  the  fayd  Wyllyam  Bogge  and  Thomas  Bogge,  theire  executours  and  affignes, 
covenante  by  thefe  pfents  duryng  and  by  all  the  fayd  tme  to  make,  beare,  and 
paye  the  cofles  and  charges  of  dyches,  hedges,  and  inclofures,  belongyng  to  the" 
iayd  manour  of  Dawdickhall  except  the  moote  as  ys  aforfayd,  and  all  other  ouidiches 
preynyng  or  belongyng  to  the  fayd  fcyte  of  the  fayd  manour  with  theire  appurte- 
nances to  tliem  lecten,  the  whiche  dothe  lye  next  the  king's  hyewaye,  or  betwene 
iptye  and  prye,  the  whiche  the  hyd  dyches  fhal  be  at  all  tymes  duryng  the  faid 
tme  diked,  fenfed,  and  enclofed  at  the  ^pre  coftes  and  charges  of  the  fayd  abbot 
and  covent  and  theire  fucceffours  ;  and  all  acar  fylver,  the  whiche  flial  be  leyde 
or  ceffed  by  the  kyng's  commiffioners  of  his  fewers  for  the  fcyte  of  the  fayd  manour 
with  all  expreffed  pmyffes  to  them  letten  at  eny  tyme  duryng  the  fayd  tme  to  be  at 
the  coftes  and  charges  of  the  fayd  abbot  and  covente  and  theire  fucceirours.  And 
the  fayd  William  and  Thomas  covenante  by  thes  pfentes  that  they,  theire  execu- 
tours  and  affignes,  all  the  fayd  howfes  and  buyldyngs  belongyng  to  the  faid  manour 
with  the  fcyte  of  the  fame  well  and  fufficyently  repayred,  maynteyned,  and  te- 
r.antable  in  all  thyngs  pteynyng  to  them  to  do  as  ys  above  expreffed,  and  the 
Iayd  grounds  fufficyently  encloled,  fenfed,  and  hedged,  at  the  end  of  the  fayd  tme 
of  fourtye  and  fixe  yeres  fhall  leve  at  hys  and  theire  ^pre  coftes  and  charges  ac- 
cordyng  to  the  true  meanyng  and  intente  of  tlies  pfentes  indentures.  And  further- 
more, the  fayd  William  and  Thomas  covenante  and  graunte  for  them  and  theire 
e»xecutours  by  thes  pfents,  that  they,  theire  executours  and  allignes,  from  tyme  to 
tyme  duryng  all  the  fayd  tme,  ftiall  kejie  hys  and  theire  ftandyng  howfe  and  moft 
habitacon  and  abydyng  opon  the  fayd  fcyte  and  manour  place  called  Dawdickhall 
aforfayd.  And  alfo  the  fayd  Wyllyam  and  Thomas  covenante  for  them,  theire 
executours  and  affignees,  by  thes  pfents,  that  they  ner  eny  of  them  duryng  the  fayd 
tme  of  fourtye  and  fixe  yeres  fliall  do  no  wafte  in  or  opon  the  fayd  fcyte  manour  of 
Dawdickhall  aforfaid,  nor  of  nor  in  eny  of  the  pmiffes.  And  funhermore,  the 
fayd  Wyllyam  and  Thomas  covenaunte  for  them,  iheir  executours  and  affignes,  that 
the  faid  Wyllyam  Bogge  and  Thomas,  ner  eyther  of  them,  theire  executours,  ad- 
mynyftratours,  fnall  not  icll  or  cut  downe  eny  maner  of  woodes,  underwoodes,  or 
trees  growynge  in  or  opon  the  fayd  fcyte  of  the  fayd  manour  of  Dawdickhall  or  eny 
of  the  pmiffcs,  wyllowes  and  thonies  excepted,  for  the  necellarye  enclofyng  of  the 

pmiffes 


HISTORY     OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  li;. 

pmifffs  in  the  fayd  manour  diiryng  the  fayd  tme  accuftomely  as  other  fermour  ;iiul 
termours  heretofore  have  had  and  iifed,  and  to  take,  and  the  fame  to  be  t;<ken  in, 
the  feafonable  tyme  of  the  yere.  Ana  if  yt  happen  the  fayd  yerely  rente  of  xxxt. 
ftcrHng,  or  eny  pare  or  pcell  therof,  to  be  behynde  and  not  payde  to  the  favde 
abbot  and  covei.t  to  theire  fucccffbius  at  the  c'ayes  before  expreffed  in  manor  and 
forme  before  lyinyted  by  the  fpace  of  one  monethe  dtiryng  the  fayd  tme,  that 
then  yt  ihall  be  leafull  to  the  fayd  abbot  and  covente  and  to  theire  fucceflbiirs,  and 
to  theire  alhgnes,  to  entre  into  the  fcyte  of  the  manour  and  other  the  pmifTcs,  and 
into  tiie  fayd  pfonaoe  and  other  the  pmyiles,  and  into  eny  part  and  pcell  of  the  fame, 
and  there  to  dillrejiie,  and  the  diltreffe  there  fo  founde  to  leade,  dryve,  beare,  ca- 
rye  awaye  and  ympounde,  and  with  hym  and  them  to  rcieyne  to  the  tyme  that  the 
layd  abbot  and  covent  and  theire  fuccelmuis  of  the  fayd  rent  of  xxx  t.  and  evv  pccll 
therof,  and  of  the  arrerags  of  the  fame  yf  any  be,  with  fuche  codes,  damages,  and 
expenfes  as  they  fhall  be  fufteyned  by  the  reafon  of  withholdyng  of  the  fame  to  the 
layd  abbot  and  covente,  and  to  theire  fucceffours,  to  be  fully  contented,  fatisfyed, 
and  payde.  And  if  yt  happen  the  fayd  yerely  rent  of  thirtye  poundes,  or  eny  pre 
or  pcell  therof,  to  be  behy.ide  and  not  payed  to  the  fayd  abbot  and  covent  and  re 
theire  fucceffours  or  aflignes  at  the  dayes  before  exprefled  duryng  the  fayd  tme 
in  maner  and  forme  bvfore  lymyted  by  the  fpace  of  eight  wekes,  that  then  yt 
Ihalbe  leafull  to  the  fayd  abbot  and  covent  and  to  theire  luccelTours,  as  well  into 
the  fcyte  of  the  fayd  manour  and  other  the  pmiffes  to  them  letten,  as  into  the  fayd 
pfonage  and  other  the  pmiffes  to  them  letten  to  reentre  and  evy  pt  and  pcell  of  the 
lame,  and  the  fame  to  have  agayne  and  repoffefe  as  in  their  furfl  and  pryftyne  ef- 
tate,  thcs  indentures,  eny  covenante,  article,  orclofe,  or  eny  other  thyng  therm  con- 
teyned  and  fpecified  within  the  fame  indentur  to  the  contrarye  notwithftonding; 
And  alio  the  fayd  William  and  'I'homas  covenante  for  them,  their  executours,  and  " 
affignes,  by  thes  pfents,  that  yt  {hall  be  leafull  to  the  fayd  abbot  and  covent,  anci 
their  fucceffours  and  affignes,  at  all  tymes  hereaftre  duryng  and  by  all  the  fayd 
tme  of  fourtye  and  fixe  yeres,  to  have  free  paflage  in,  throughe,  and  by  the  fame 
manour,  and  the  grounds  to  fame  belongyng,  with  carts  and  cariagiags  at  all  tymes-i. 
neceffary  and  covenyent  for  the  faid  abbot  and  covent,  theire  fucceffours,  the  ll:ew- 
ardcs,  bayliffs,  officers,  and  other  affignes,  and  they  and  evy  of  them  to  have  in- 
greffe  and  regreffe  into  the  fayd  fcyte  of  the  fayd  manour  of  Dowdickhali,  with  all, 
the  appurtenances,  and  into  all  londes  teiits  to  the  fayd  manour  belongyng^  for  the 
vievvyng  of  the  rcpacons  of  the  fame,  and  for  the  kepyng  of  the  letes  and  three 
wekes  conrtes,  and  for  all  other,  as  fayres  and  bufynes  to  be  done  in  and  about 
the  fame,  as  for  eny  other  caufe  or  caufes  for  the  layd  abbot  and  covent  and  theire 
fucceffours  when  yt  (hall  feme  to  them  convenyent.  Moreover  the  fayd  Wyltm  and 
Thomas  covenante  and  graunte  for  them,  theire  executours  and  affignes,  to  and  • 
with  the  fayd  abbot  and  covente  and  theire  fucceffours,  by  thes  pfents,  that  they 
and  theire  affignes  flr.ill  fyndc  to  the  fayd  abbot  and  covent  and  to  his  fucceffours 
srvnts,  and  to  the  (Kward  of  the  letes  and  conrtes  there,  as  often  as  eny  of  them 
Ihall  come  to  the  layd  manour  of  Dawdickhall  at  all  theire  letes  nnd  conrtes  and  : 
all  other  tymes  in  the  yere,  eafement  in  the  hall  chambres,  ftablcs,  and  all  other 
huwfes  and  edificacuns  theiie,  for  them  and  theire  company,  and  to  fynde  to  then»  • 

ac 


TVS  APPENDIX         TO        THE 

at  the  _ppre  Cddes  nnd  charges  of  the  fayd  Wyltm  snd  Thomas,  theire  execu- 
toiirs  and  affignes,  convenvcnt  b?ddyi)g  with  all  other  neceffar'  howfeholde  ftuffe, 
will)  fcwell,  heye,  and  lyter,  and  grefle  in  the  tyme  of  the  ycre  tor  iheire 
liorfes,  from  tyme  to  tyme  the  fayd  tme  duryng,  and  To  longe  tyme  as  the  faid 
abbot  and  covent,  thtire  fuccefFours,  hys  fleward  and  fervants,  lliall  have  caiile 
to  lye  and  make  theire  aboc'e  theire.  And  the  fayd  abbot  and  covent,  for  a 
certen  foine  of  money  to  rhera  payd  at  the  fealyng  of  thes  pfents,  have  cove- 
nanted, bargained,  and  fold,  and  by  thes  pfents  bargayne  and  fell,  to  the  fayd 
Wyllyam  and  Thomas  and  to  theire  aflignes,  all  the  wooJe  and  trees  now 
growyng  in  or  opon  the  fayd  manour  of  Dawdickhall,  excepte  an  eime  tree 
growyng  agaynll:  the  hall  dore.  And  the  fayd  William  and  Thomas  to  have  re- 
ipcifte,  tyme,  and  leafure  in  fellyng  of  the  fayd  woode,  and  caryeng  of  the  fame 
aw.iye  the  fpace  and  tme  of  fixe  yeres,  accomptyng  the  fame  iixe  yeres  from  Mi- 
ghelmas  in  the  yere  of  onre  Lorde  God  a  thoufand  fyve  hundred  thirtye  and  thre. 
And  aftre  the  fayd  woode  be  felled,  the  fa)d  William  and  Thomas  covenante  for 
them,  theire  heires  and  executours,  by  thes  pfents,  to  enclofe,  fence,  fave,  and  de- 
fende  the  ftowres  of  the  fayd  woode  agaynft  all  maner  of  catell,  and  the  fame 
woode,  underwood,  fo  felled  from  tyme  to  tyme  to  kcpe  fenfed  and  enclofed,  fo  that 
no  hurte  ner  danger  maye  come  by  the  not  enclofmg  of  the  fame.  In  wytncs 
wherof  to  the  one  pte  of  thes  pfent  indentures  remaynyng  with  the  fayd  Wyllyam 
Bogge  and  Thomas  Bogge  the  fayd  abbot  and  covent  have  putte  theire  conventuall 
fealle.  And  to  thother  pte  herof,  remaynyng  with  the  fayd  abbot  and  covent,  the 
fayd  Wyllyam  and  Thomas  have  putte  theire  feales.  Yoven  in  the  chapytre  howfe 
.at  Croiland  aforfayd,  the  day  and  yere  abovefayd. 


'Copy  of  the  Leafe  /o -Simon  Gierke. 


MEMOPiAND'  qd  termino  Sti  Mictiis,  videlt  decirao  dleNovembr*,  anno  regni 
"Henrici  Oflavi,  Dei  gfa,  Angl',  Franc',  &  Hiber'  regis,  fidei  defenforis,  &  intra  ec 
ctie  Anglicane  &  Hibnie  fupm  capitis  tricefimo  quinto,  Simon  Clercke  venit  in  cur 
dci  iJni  regis  Augmentatonum  revenconum  corone  fue,  &  ptulit  ibidem  quandam 
indenturam  fub  figillo  conventuali  nup  monastii  beate  Marie  Virginis,  Scor'  Barthi 
&  Guthlaci  de  Croylande  in  com'  Lincoln'  modo  diffolut'  faft  &  figillat'.  Et  petit 
illam  allocari.  Cujus  quidera  indenture  tenor  fequitur  in  hec  verba.  This  Indenture, 
made  the  fourth  daye  of  January,  in  the  nyne  and  twenty  yere  of  the  reigne  of 
our  fovcreign  lorde  king  Henry  the  Eight,  by  the  gee  of  God  of  England  and 
Fraunce  king,  defendour  of  the  faith,  lorde  of  Irelande,  and  in  earthe  fupreme 
headd  of  the  cliiiche  of  Englande,  betwene  John  abbott  of  the  Monaftery  of  our 
blefled  ladye,  Saynte  Bartelmewe,  and  Saynte  Guthlake  of  Croylande,  in  the  coun- 
tie  of  Lincoln,  and  the  convente  of  the  fame,  on  the  one  partie,  and  Symon  Clercke 
of  Geduey  in  the  parties  of  Hollande  in  the  countie  of  Lincoln  aforfaide  on  tho- 
ther 


_>» 


HISTORY    OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  _\i<, 

ther  partie,  Witneflith  that  yt  ys  covenanted,  concluded,  and  fully  agreed  betwcn;^ 
the  faide  parties  in  maner  and  forme  following  :  That  ys  to  fa\  e  the  faid  abbot 
and  convente,  by  their  hole  alTeiue,  confentc,  and  full  aoremente,  have  covenanted, 
granted,  dymyfed,  and  to  farme  have  letten,  and  by  tlieis  prefents  for  theym  and 
their  fuccefTours  covennnte,  grauntc,  dymyfc,  and  to  farme  lett  unto  the  faid  Sv- 
mon  Cicrcke  their  nianour  ot  Gediieye  atorfaide,  with  the  appurtenances,  with  all 
fuch  landes,  tcnemcius,  medowes,  fedings,  commons,  and  pallures,  as  hathe  bene 
accuHomabiie  letten,  granted,  and  dymyfcde  with  the  fame,  in  as  ample  and  large 
maner  and  fourme  and  as  holely  and  iutierly  as  the  faide  abbott  and  convente  the 
fame  nowe  holdith  and  occupieth,  or  lately  held  or  occupied,  excepte  and  alwa)c^ 
reived  to  the  (.v.ds  abbot  and  convente,  and  to  their  fucceflonr?,  the  advoufon 
of  the  churche  of  Gedney  aforfrtiJ  when  and  as  often  as  yt  (h;di  by  ;.ny  m.  ner  of 
meanes  or  waye  to  be  voyde  or  fall  during  and  by  all  the  faide  terme  of  this  leafe, 
and  alfo  excepted  and  refervedto  the  faid  ahbott  and  covtnte  and  to  their  fucceflouis 
all  courtes  leets  and  all  maner  of  royalties  belonging  to  the  faid  lordfhipp,  and  the 
^feites  and  advantages,  ^pvifions  of  courtes  leets,  wayffs,  ft  ray,  ynfanckethefe  and 
outfancketheef,  wardes,  releefs,  efchets,  and  all  other  cafualties,  of  bondmen,  o£, 
bloode,  vilayne  fees,  homage,  wardes,  elchets,  reiefies,  v/recke  of  the  fee,  treafure 
troave,  and  all  other  cafualties  to  the  Aiide  manour  in  any  wife  belonging  or  appr- 
teynyng;  excepted  and  referved  to  the  faid  abbott  and  convente,  and  to  their  fucce(- 
fours,  the  copieholdes  which  now  be  in  any  tenant's  handes  within  the  faide  towne 
graunted  by  coppie  of  courte  roll  by  the  faid  abbot,  or  by  any  other  of  his  pdecef- 
fours,  and  fuch  fynes,  ^pfe^s,  and  advantages  as  fliolde,  maye,  or  ought  to  come  or 
growe  to  the  faid  abbott  and  convente,  and  to  their  fucceffours,  after  the  dethe  of  eny 
tenants,  alienacons,  efcheet?,  or  any  other  torfaiture,  excepte  fuch  coppie  holdcs  as 
the  faid  Symon  nowe  hathe  by  coppie  of  courte  roll  of  the  graunt  of  the  faide  ab- 
bott and  of  his  predeceffoiirs,  which  the  faide  abbott  and  convente  covenaunte  that 
the  faid  Symon  (hall  have  and  enioye  according  to  the  purporte  and  effefle  of  the 
lame  coppie  and  graunte  to  hym  made  of  the  fame,  and  alio  the  faid  abbot  and  con-  ■ 
vente  graunte,  dymyfe,  and  to  farme  lett  to  the  faid  Symon  Clercke  all  their  de- 
meane  landes  nowe  belonging  to  the  faid  manour  of  Gedney  aforfaid,  as  well  the 
landes  that  be  in  the  tenure  of  the  faid  Symon  as  in  other  when  they  fliall  fall  by 
reafon  of  expering  of  the  yercs  of  any  tenants  that  now  hathe  any  yeres  in  the 
fame  when  thei  fliall  fall.  Frovyded  alwaye  the  faid  Symon  fliall  put  no  man  frome 
them  nor  any  of  theym  during  the  terme  that  any  tenants  hathe  in  the  lame,  ex- 
cepte it  be  for  a  iurt  caufe.  Alfo  the  faid  abbott  and  convente  doo  graunte  and  lerc 
to  the  faid  Symon  all  their  efcheete  landes  that  nowe  be  accepted,  reputed,  or  taken 
as  efcheete  landes  forfeited;  and  alfo  the  faide  abbott  and  convente  graunte,  dymyfe, 
and  to  ferme  lett  to  the  faid  Symon  Clercke  their  Saltte  cotte  called  the  Burlion 
Cotte,  with  thappurtcnants,  with  the  flowres  and  all  the  ^feirs  to  the  fame  be- 
longing, as  largely  as  the  forenamed  abbott  and  convente  the  fame  lately  held  or 
occupied.  To  have  and  to  hold  the  faid  manour  of  Gedney,  with  all  the  deraeane 
landes,  tenements,  and  paflures,  and  other  the  premifTes  with  thappurtenances  as  ■• 
ys  above  exprefled,  apd  all  other  efcheete  landes,  dcnieane  landes,  and  faltte  cotte,  , 
called  the  Burlion  cotte,  with  all  and  finguler  thappurtcnants,  as  holely  and  as  intier- 


nyo  A     P     }'     E     N     D     I     X         TO         T     H     E 

ly  as  \s  aljo'e  exprer'ej,  exccpte  ;ind  referveJ  to  the  faid  abbott  and  coiivcnte  and 
to  ihcir  )u;.cciroiirs  all  and  every  thing  btfore  excepted  and  refcrveci  n  the  faid 
^^  mm,  to  his  execinours  and  affiynes,  frome  the  firfle  daye  of  Maiciic  laftc 
p.tlle  betoie  the  dute  of  theii  prcfenrs  unto  thende  and  terme  of  fourtie  yeres  then 
iKXce  and  yininediatehc  following  fully  to  be  completed,  fynyfhed,  and  eynded,  yel- 
ding  and  paying  ycrly  to  the  faid  abbott  and  convente  and  to  their  lucceirours 
two  and  thinie  poundes  ihinene  (hillings  and  four  pence  of  good  and  lawfull  mo- 
ney of  Englondc,  at  two  feaftes  in  the  yere,  that  ys  to  faye,  ar  tlie  fealle  of  Saynte 
Jianilmevse  and  Saynte  Androwe  thappoftel,  by  even  porcions ;  and  the  faid  Symon 
(."leicke  covenantith  for  hym,  his  executours  and  affignes,  to  and  with  the  faide  ab- 
bott and  convente  and  their  fuccelTcurs,  to  iTande  with  thacke,  fplynte  naile,  and 
inorter,  purteyning  and  belonging  to  the  faide  manour  with  all  houfes,  edificons 
pteyniiig  to  the  fame,  and  the  falte  cotte  called  Burlion  cotte  with  thappurtenances, 
io  that  the  faide  abbott  and  convente  fliall  beare  all  manner  of  charges  of  worke- 
maniliipp  belonging  to  the  pmyfTes ;  and  alfo  the  h\dc  abbot  and  convente  cove- 
naunte  and  graunte  for  theym  and  their  fucceffours  to  ftande  with  all  maner  of 
tymbre  with  workcmanfhipp  of  the  fame  pteyning  to  the  faid  manour  and  to  all 
other  houfes  there  with  the  faltte  cotte  called  the  Burlion  cotte  with  their  appur- 
tenances, at  the  ^3per  cofles  and  charges  of  the  faide  abbott  and  convente  and  of 
■their  lucceflburs  ;  and  alio  the  faid  Symon  Cleicke  covenantith  for  hym,  his  exe- 
cutors, admyu)  Itratours,  iind  aflignes,  by  theys  pfenres,  to  and  with  the  faide  ab- 
bott and  convente  and  their  f'ucccllburs,  that  he  and  his  aflignes  during  all  the  faid 
terme  fhall  receyve  the  faide  abbott  or  any  other  his  mynylters  and  officers  as  ofte 
as  they  or  any  of  them  (hall  come  or  repayre  to  the  faid  manour,  fo  that  they  be 
nott  above  the  nombre  of  fix  horfTes,  cither  for  keaping  of  their  greate  leets  and 
courts  there,  furveying  of  the  faide  manour,  and  other  landes  and  pofTefTions  be- 
longing to  the  lame,  or  for  any  other  laufuU  affaires  or  bufynes  in  and  aboute  the 
^ame  to  be  made  in  and  by  all  the  fame  tyme  as  they  (hall  foo  contynwe  there,  fo 
that  it  paffe  notte  the  fpace  of  foure  dayes,  fhall  fynde  at  hys  and  their  proper 
coiles  and  charges  all  maner  of  napery  convenyent  for  the  tables,  fyre,  and  bed- 
ding, with  all  maner  of  apparrell  belonging  to  the  fame,  and  alio  liable,  lytter,  and 
have  fur  their  horlfes.  Alfo  the  faid  abbott  and  convente  covenaunte  to  allow  the 
faide  Symon  for  every  leete  there  foo  kepte  iiis.  unci,  and  for  every  particuler 
courte  XV]  d.  And  alfo  the  faide  Symon  Ciercke  covenauntcs  that  he  nor  his  af- 
fignes fliall  doo  no  voluntary  walle  in  or  uj'on  the  faid  manour  with  the  premilTes 
during  the  faide  terme  of  fourtie  yeres.  And  alfo  the  faide  Symon  covenaunts 
and  graunts  for  hym,  his  executours  and  affignes,  to  and  -with  the  faid  abbott 
and  convente  and  their  fuccefTours,  by  theys  prefentes,  that  he  the  faide  Symon,  or 
his  lawfull  aflignes,  during  all  the  faide  terme,  fliall  inhabite  the  faide  manfion  by 
hymfclf  or  by  his  fcpvaunts,  foo  that  there  Ihal  be  con^ynually  .during  the  faide 
terme  manfion  and  dwelling  howflfe  kepte  upon  the  fame.  And  alfo  yt  ys  covenaunt- 
cd  and  graunted  upon  the  partie  of  the  faide  abbott  and  convente,  and  of  their 
fucceffours,  that  yt  flial  be  lefull  to  the  faide  Symon  Ciercke,  his  executours  and 
afllignes,  to  loppe,  fpreade,  and  weade  the  bowes  and  armes  of  all  the  trees  there 
,now  fett  or  growing,  or  that  hereafter  flial.be  lett  or  growing  ni  and  abought  the 

faide 


HISTORY     OF     C  R  O  Y   L  A  N   D.  131 

fakie  manour,  ami  alfo  cuttc  downe  ihorne,  willowe,  and  underwood  fcr  rlie  need- 
fary  reparacions  of  liedgings  and  enclofiires  of  the   faidc  manour  and  other  df- 
nieane  landes  and  efchccte   landcs  aforfaide,  whiche  he   haiiie  onlye  in  fcrmc  (if 
the  faide  abbott  and  convente  by  force  of  tlic  faide   Icafe,   wliich  greare  irecs  tl.c 
faide  abbott  and  convente  covenaunt  tliat  thei   nor  their  ruccenburs  fliali   not  fell 
cxcepte  yt  be  for  reparacions;  of  the  faide  tnanour  during  the  faide  tcrnie  of  four- 
tie  yeres,  becaufe  they  be  a  defence  of  the  faidc  houffes  of  tlie  faide  manour.    Aiid 
alfo  the  laide  abbot  and  convent  covenaunt  for  them  and  their  fucccllburs   by   thevs 
prefents  to  and  with  the   faide  Symon,  his  executors,  and   afligncs,  that   he,  the 
(aide  Symon  and  his  affignes  (hall  have  the  half  profeite  of  all  the  [trays  that  fhall 
happen  or  fall  within  the  faid  manour  or  lordlhipp  during  all  the  faide  terme  of 
fourtie  yeres.     And  alfo,  yt  ys  covenaunted  and  graunted  of  the  partie  of  the  faid - 
abbott  and  convente,   and  of  their  fucceilovn-s  that  the  Hiid  abbott  and  convente  aiui/ 
their  fuccelTours  (hall  bear  all  charges  of  making  fee  banckes,  fen  banckcs,  and  dyches, , 
and  in  fee  dyches,  and  to  pay  acre  filver  for  all  cfdieete  landes,  and  other   the   de-- 
meane  landes,  to  the  faid  Symon  Clercke  and  his  allignus  letten  as  often  ;'S  (hal   be 
required  by  the  faide  towne  of  Gedney,  and   alfo  to  dyche  the  common  fewer  of 
Gedney,  and  to  make  all  fuch  bridges  as  be  appurteyning  to  the  faid  manour  with-- 
in  the  faid  towne  of  Gedney  fo  often  and  as  often  as  the  faid  landes  (lialbe  charoed 
iherwith,   during  all  the  faid  terme  of  fourtie  )eres,   at   proper  cofles  and  charges 
of  the  faide  abbott  and   convente  and  of  then-  fiicceliburs  excepte  for  all  fuche 
landes  as  be  within  the  fcire  of  the  faide  manour,    for  the  which  the  faide  Symon- 
covenaunts  for  hym  and  his  affignes  to  bear  and  paye  acre  (ilver  and  other  charges 
going  oute  of  lo  inany  acres   as  is  contemned  within  the  fcite  of  the  faide  inanour 
which  extendith  to  the  nombre  of  tenne  acres,  and  alfo  to  make  all  wxfdicbcs  *   and 
rode  half,  and  clenfe  the  faide  commen  fewer  of  Gedney  fo  often  as  (hal  be   rc- 
quyfite,   and  at  thende  and  terme  of  the  faide  yeres  to  leave  the    iwfdicbcs    and 
dykes  aboute  the  fcite  of  the  faid  manour  conteyning   the  nombre  of  tenne  acres 
as  ys  aforefaide  in  fufficiente  repayre  at  the  proper  coftes  and  charges  of  the  faidc 
Symon,  his  executours  and  affignes.     Provyded  alwayes  the  faid  Symon,  his  execu- 
lours,  and  affignes,  (hall  from  tyme  to  tyme  diligently   fee  no  fawtes  in  the  fuide 
banckes  and  diches,  but  with  diligente  fpede,   when  nede  fhall   be,   to   fee   thcyin  • 
made  and  repayred  at  the  coftes  and  charges  of  the  faide  abbott  and  convente,  and 
of  their  fucceffours ;  alfo  the  faide  abbotte  and  convente  covenaunt  and  graunte  to  ■ 
and  with  the  faid  Syinon,  his  executours  and  affignes,  to  bear  and  paye  all  tenihcs, , 
dyfmes,  and  fubfidies  due  or  hereafter  to  be  due  to  the  king  our  fovereigne  lorde, 
his  heires  or  fuccc(rours,  and  all  annuyties  and  fees  now  due  or  hereafter  to  be  due 
to  any  perfon  or  perfons  going  fourthe  of  the  faid  manour,  or  of  any  parte  of  the 
premyfTes  during  the  faid  terme  of  fourtie  yeres.    Antl  yf  yt  happen  the  faide  rente 
of  two  and  thyrtie  poundes,  thyrtene  (hillings,  and  foure  pence,  or  any  parte  ther- 
of  to  be  behynde  and  unpayd  at  any   of  the   days  of  paymente   before  cxprt'ffi:d,  . 
■when  yt  ought  to  be  pa)  ed,  that  then  yt  flial!  be  laufull  to   the   faide   abbott   and 
convente  and  their  fucceflburs  to  entre  into  the  faide  manour  and  other  the  pmilics, 
and  there  to  diftreyne,  and  the  diftrefTe  there  10   founden   to  leade,  dryve,  bcare, 
and  cafrye  awaye,  and  with  hym  or  theym  to  rete)  ne  to  the  tyme  tl'.at  they  of: 

•  Q;_ii!  foot  ditches.    The  original  woid  is  obfcure.  . 

ZS  the  : 


«,3?,  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

the  ftide  renre  of  two  and   thyrtie  poundcs,  tin  rtene  fliillings,  and  foure  pence, 

with  the  arrerages  of  the  fame  yf  any  fuche,  be  therof  fully  conientcd,  fatisfied,  and 

jKiyed,  and  yf  yt  happen  the  faidc  rente  of  two  and  thyrtie  poundes,  thyrtene  fliil- 

iings,  and  foure  pence,  or  any  parte  therof  to  be  behynde  and  nott  payed  at  any 

r.f  the  daves  of  payment  before  exprefied  by  the  fpace  of  two  monethes  and  the  fame 

■lauhil'y  afked  and  no  fufficicnt  dilirefle  founden  ui)pon  the  preniuits  for  the  fatif- 

iving  of  the  faide  rente:    that  then  yt  flial  be   laufull  to  the  laide  abbott  and  con- 

vente,  and  to  their  fucceffouis  to  reenter  into  the   faide  manour  and  into  all  other 

premifll'S  before  letten,  and  the  fame  to  have  agayne  and  repoflede  as  in  their  fyrde 

and  priflyne  eflate.     This  indenture  or  any  thyng  therein  conteyned  to  the  country 

notwithflonding.     In  vvicneffe  wherof  to  thone  parte  of  theys  indentures  remayn- 

ing  with  the  faide  Symon  Clercke  the  faid  abbott  and  convente  have  putt  to  their 

-commen  or  conventuall  feale,  and  to  thother  parte  herof  remayning  with  the  faide 

abbott  and  convente  the  faid  Symon  Clercke  hath  putt  his  feale.     Yeuen   in   their 

Chaptre  houffe  at  Croylande  aforefaide,  the   daye  and  yere   above  written.     Que 

quidem  indentura  ac  onmia  &  fingula  in  cadem  contenta  &  spcificat'  p  cancellarium 

&  confilium  cur'  pdce  allocantur;  provifo  tamen  femp  quod  fi  impoflerum  debito  mode 

^ibat'  fuit  coram  cancctlario  &  confilio  cur'  pdce  p  tempore  exiftent'  qd  pdcus  Sy- 

luon  Clercke  dcam  dimiffionem  unde  ei  conceffam  rone  &  ptextu  indentura  pdce  in 

'forma  pdca  habere  &  gaudere  non  debeat,   qd  tuncSc  delnceps  hoc  pfens  decretum 

•.vacuum  fit  ac  nuUius  vigoris  in  lege,  aliquo  do  five  articuloin  pfent'decreto  contento 

in  contrarium  inde  non  obltante. 


N°  LXII. 

"fbe  following  very  curious  Injiru.ment  of  the  time  of  John  4/^by^ 
who  was  Abbot  from  1378  to  1392,  was  communicated  by 
Francis  Bouce^  Efq..  of  Grays  Inn^  F.  A.  S. 

Cell  Entente  tefmoigne  q  com  divfes  grevaunces  &  debatz  fuerent  menez  & 
longement  dependantz  entr'  Jabbe  8e  la  covent  de  Croyland,  feigiis  de  la  ville  de 
Wendlyngburgh  dun  part,  &  les  tenantz  de  mefme  la  ville  dak'  pr,  les  qeux  de- 
batz p  avys  de  dit  labbe  &  del  covent  &  p  avys  mon'feygnour  la  Souch,  &  p  avys 
<fe  confaill  font  mys  en  arbitment  &  en  final  juggement  de  Thomas  Walfh,  Jol^n 
Wodeville,  Rog'  Norewych,  &  John  Tyndale,  eluz  auxi  p  les  ditz  abbe  &  covent 
CO  p  les  ditz  tenantz  de  toux  les  grevaunces  &  debatz  avantditz,  les  qeux  grevaunces 
.&  debatz  fuerent  mys  en  efcript,  difputez,  &  declarez  outement  devant  les  ditz  arbi- 
trours,  &  finalement  ajuggez  h.  acordcz  &  mys  endente  triptit  ppetuelment  a  en- 
durer,  dont  lun  pt  eft  delive  p  les  ditz  arbitrours  defouzlour  feale  au  ditz  abbe  & 
\coTent  J)  eftre  mys  en  treforie  &  lah'  ptie  enfealee  de  les  fealys  labbe  &  la  covent 

& 


HISTORY     OF     C  II  O  Y  L  A  K   D.  ■  13 ; 

&  dfi  quatr'  des  bones  gentz  de  mcfme  la  ville  p  tut  la  ville,  ccft  aff.iT  John  HunrCj 
John  Burton,  R.og'  Gybon,  &  llic'  Smyth,  demoert  t-n  la  garde  des  arbitrcs  h  l.i 
tierce  ptic  demoert  ovefqzles  tenantz  de  mefme  la  ville  cnfealccdel  feale  labbe  &  la 
covent  p  ppetuel  remembrance  de  ccft  acord : — Enprimes  p  la  on  les  ditz  abbe  & 
covent  clcymont  un  ciiflom  qifl  appellee  le  Ayeld  *  de  lever  chcfcun  an  p  bille 
denvoier  entr'  les  ditz  tenantz  ofcun  an  iin  greyndr  fofne  &  afcun  an  un  meyndr  fo- 
lunc  la  volunte  des  ditz  abbe  &  covent,  &  pureeys  q  fii:  avys  as  diiz  arbitrours  q  cell 
cuftora  fut  trop  grevous,  accordee  eft  &  ajuge  p  les  ditz  arbitrours  q  ladit  fome  de  • 
Ayeld  ibit  inys  en  cteyn  en  un  entier  fofae  de  quatr  livers  p  an  deftre  paiee  de  an 
en  an  ppetuelment  de  touz  les  tres  &  tenementz  q-  fuerenc  auncienement  conrribu- 
tories  a  dit  Ayeld  a  un  creyn  tne  del  an,  ceft  alTavoir  al  fefle  de  exaltacion  dc- 
feynt  Croys,  fauns  delay  ou  coutdit  des  ditz  tenantz  a  toiiz  jos.  Kt  auxin:  p  la  ou 
ks  ditz  abbe  &  covent  ount  clair.ee  &  levee  p  dillrefte  devant  ceux:  hures  un  cteyn 
foiiie  de  cent  fouz  a  chefcun  voidance  del  abbe  laqi  fut  appellee  un  Faynynqft  * 
les  ditz  arbitros  ont  ajuggee  q  tielfoine  ne  ferra  j/as  levee  des  tenantz  avantditz- 
encontr  lour  gre  ne  lour  volunte.  Et  auxint  p  la  ou  les  ditz  abbe  &  covent  ont 
diftreynt  lo?  tenantz  devant  ceux  hures  de  eflire  chafcun  an  un  collecco  p  collier  ■ 
Les  rentes  &  svices  du  dit  abbe  en  mefme  la  ville  de  Wendlyngburgh  qeux  collec- 
cos  eftes  mys  a  gntz  mefchiefs  devant  ceux  hures  p  divfes  charges  furmys  a  eux  fur- 
lo?  acompte,  acordee  eft  &  ajuge  p  les  ditz  arbitros  q  de  eel  temps  en  avant 
les  ditz  abbe  &  covent  ordeygnerent  lo?  collecco  a  lo.''  coftage  &  p  ille  demene  faunz 
diftreyndr  les  tengntz  en  temps  a  venir  p  ceft  charge  fair'.  Et  auxint  p  la  ou 
labbe  h  la  covent  avntditz  font  pfons  del  efglife  de  Wendlyngburgh,  &  p\"ont  le 
gfyt  de  nieime  leglife,  8c  gnt  debat  ad  cfte  devant  ceux  hures  p  repacion  tie  chaun- 
cel  de  dit  efglife  acorde  eft  ajuge  p  les  ditz  arbitros  q  les  ditz  abbe  &  covent 
ferront  repailier  a  lo?  coftage  demene  le  chauncel  de  mefme  lefglife  a  chefcun 
temps  q  niefcer  fcrra,  ceftaffavoir  auxi  bien  defuys  co  p  devale  de  la  gable  jouft. 
le  haut  autier  tanq  a  la  gable  ajoynant  a  le  corps  de  dit  efglife.  Et  auxint  p  la  ou 
les  tenantz  de  Wendlyngburgh  ont  eu  lour  comun  en  un  holm  appellee  labbotvs 
holm  chefcun  an  aps  les  feyves  fauches,  unez,  &  enportez  tanq  a  lachaundelier  f,  le- 
quel  holm  les  ditz  abbe  &  covent  ont  apprice  co  lour  feval,  ore  de  novel  acorde  clt 
&  ainge  p  les  ditz  arbitros  q  les  ditz  tenantz  auont  lour  comun  en  la  die  holm  en  ■ 
la  mane  co  ils  ont  evv  devant  ceux  hures.  Et  la  ou  les  ditz  abbe  £:•  covent  ont  dd.- 
tobe  les  ditz  tenantz  devant  ceux  hures  davoir  lour  comun  pecherie  en  lour  comun 
ewe  aptnant  a  dit  ville  la  ou  eux  ne  nuUc  de  lour  predcceflors  navoient  unques  feval 
pecheuix  devant,  acordee  eft  &  ^juge  p  les  ditz  arbitro^  q  les  diiz  tenantz  aver- 
ont  lour  comun  pecherie  en  ladit  ewe  co  ils  ont  eu  devnt  ceux  hures,  .  Et  auxint 
eft  acordee  &  ajuge  par  les  ditz  arbitros  q  p  la  ou  le  dit  abbe  ad  deux  briefs  doiers 
&  tmmers  pendants  devs  cteyns  gentz  de  la  ville  podit  &  Wendlyngburgh  p  divfes 
tfpaces  a  eux  furmifes,  q  le  dit  abbe  ceffera  de  cclc  fuyte,  &  ne  pnda  jamej  fuytc  - 
ae  accion  devs  les  ditz  gentz  ne  nulle  de  eux  acaufe  de  ceft  matiere;  les  qciix  con- 

*  The  terms  JyeU  and  Fqyny'ig<c  I  do  not  find  in  any  of  the  glofTaries,  TheTormei-  is  evitlen'.Iy  an  Jul. 
f  Candlemas. 

^  6  dicionsj... 


M-74  APPENDIX         TO         T     H     E 

dicions,  jugementz,  &  acordes,  font  ajiigez  p  les  dirz  arbinos  p  eftr'  ferm  acord 
&;  fiiirfl  jugemeut  a  toux  jours,  fcfant  ^teftucion  q  fi  ceux  iliytes  ne  foient  pas  fuf- 
iiceancz  pour  arlrrm'  les  jugementz  avanuiitz  q  les  ditz  arbitros  eient  pleyn  poer 
enrr'  cy  &  la  fcllc  dc  Pentecoll  pcheyn  avenir  pour  amender  les  ditz  fuytes  p  avys 
i.'.t  lour  conleil.  En  tefmoiguance  de  quel  choie  fi  tn  les  ditz  abbe  8ccoventont  mys 
l(nir  connin  leal  co  les  arbitros  &  les  quartr  gcntz  (ufdit  de  la  ville  de  Wendiyng- 
burgh  CO  defuys  efl  dit. 

Donee  a  VVendlyngburgh  Judy  pcheyn  aps  la  fefle  del  circuirifcifion  nre  feyg- 
nour  Jehu  Crifl:  Ian  du   regne   le  roy  Richard   fccouadc  puys   la  conquefl 

(f>iiri(inp.     r  1  '?S  1 1. 


leptifine.   [1384 


N°  LXIIL 

Ereve  elTendi  quietus  de  teloneo  dire&ed  to  the  baUiffs  at  Tarmouth 
in  favour  of  the  Abbot  of  Croyland. 

From  Swiiuien's  Hifliorj  of  Yarmouth,  p.  ^iZ' 

TEMPORE  nundinarum  Jern.  a.  r.  r.  Edwardi  filii  reg'  Henr'  xxxiiii.  Wil- 
tus  de  Keftene  monach'  de  Sea  Fide  &  Reginaldus  dc  Burgo  Sci  Petri  tulerunt  bal- 
hs  mag.  Jern.  breve  uni  regis  in  hec  verba  : 

"  E^dwardus  Dei  gi'a  rex  Ang',  dnus  Hibern',  ballis  fuis  de  Mag' Jern'  fal'.  Mon- 
flravit  nobis  dile61us  nobis  in  Xpo  abbas  de  Croyland  quod  omnes  res  hoium  ipfor' 
monachor'  ejufd'  loci  per  cartas  Celebris  memorie  ctnor'  H.  &  S.  quandam  regum  Ang' 
progen'  iiror'  quas  infpeximus  quas  quidem  oes  hoi'es  ipforum  monachor'  affidare 
poterunt  effe  fiaas  proprias  &  ad  opus  eor'  quiete  fint  &  elTe  debeant  a  preflacione 
theolon'  &  omnis  confiietudinis  per  totum  regnum  noRrum  Anglie ;  iidemque  ab- 
bas &  predeceffores  fui  abbates  ejufdem  loci  a  tempore  confeftionis  cartarum  pre- 
didarum  femper  haftenus  quieti  effe  confueverunt  a  preftatione  theolon'  &  aliar* 
confuetudinuin  de  omnibus  rebus  fuis  ficut  die',  vos  nilonimus  ipfum  abbatem  ad 
theolon'  vobis  de  rebus  fuis  in  villa  de  Jernem'  predifia  preftand'  licet  hoi'es  difti 
abbatis  diflas  res  in  cuftodia  fue  habentes  affidare  voluerint  &  poterunt  eas  effe  dic- 
torum  abbatis  &  monachorum  proprias  &  ad  opus  eorundem  provifas,  graviter  di- 
llringitis,  &  ea  occafione  mnltipliciter  inquietatis  minus  jufte  in  ipfius  abbatis  damp- 
num  non  modicum  &  gravamen  contra  tenorem  cartnr'  prediftor'.  Et  quia  nolumus 
quod  eidem  abbati  injurietur  in  hac  parte,  vobis  precipimus  quod  fi  ita  eft,  tunc  ab 
hujufmodi  diftriccionibus  &  inquietacionibus  indebitis  prefato  abbati  ea  occafione 
de  cetero  interendis  penitus  defiftatis,  ipfum  abbatem  de  omnibus  rebus  vid'  de 
illis  quas  homines  fui  affidare  poterunt  effe  fuas  proprias  &  monachorum  predi^to- 
jura  &  ad  opus  eorundem  provifas  ficut  prediftum  ell  a  preftacionetbeolonii  &  ora- 


HlgiTORY     OF     CROYLAND.  ^135 

l>«  confuetiidlnis  in  d\Ctz  vi'Ia  dc  Jcrn' quietum  efTc  permittaris  jiixta  tenorcui  carta- 
fum  prediftan-inrij  prout  inde  quietus  effe  debet  &  iple  &  predtCfff)re3  fui  prcdiifti 
inde  a  tempore  confeftionis  di^larum  cartarum  femper  ha(ftenus  qiiieti  effe  confiieve- 
runt  &  di(lric1ionem  (i  quam  ei  ea  occatione  feceritis  line  dilatione  relaxetis  eidem. 
Telle  naeipfo  apud  Neuburgh  in  Tindal  xxx  die  Aug',  anno  fregni  noflri  xxxtii." 
Aiuoritate  cujus  brevis  predi(n;ns  Reginaklus  vn  laft.  allec.  &  1  millear'  allec. 
qnieras  halmicde  cuflum  deliberatas;  vid'  v  lalt.  &  i  millear'  de  anno  xxxiiii,  &t 
III  laft  allec.  de  annoxxxiii,  que  quidem  viii  lad.  alicc.  &  i  millear.  aUcc,  pre- 
diflus  Regmaldus  cartis  facrofan^is  juravit  clTe  proprias  abbatis  &  convent'  de  Croy- 
land  &  ad  opus  eorum  emptas  &  provifas  :  prctcrea  xii  d.  i  ob.  quos  dic^us  Reginal- 
dus  pofuit  in  vadium  pro  prediclis  iii  laft.  allec.  pro  cuftuma  de  anno  xxxiii  delibe- 
rantur  prefato  Reginaldo  ad  inllanciam  &  revercnciam  Willi  de  Keftene  monachi. 

A  fimilar  writ  went  in  favour  of  the  abbot  of  Thorney. 

N°  LXIV. 

ANoate  of  fucb  Evidences  as  belong  to  the  Towne  zvhich  ivas 
delivered  to  Willimn  Wyche^K 

IN'  tiie  long  boK,  the  great  charter  witli  Ethelbaklus  his  charter. 
In  the  black  box,  the  vcrdift  of  Zacharie  Burton  and  his  fellowes.    Six  other 
i'mall  charters,  the  goiilden  charters,  a  verdift  in  Edward  the  Vl.  time  concerning 
Goggiflund,  alio  three  fealed  charters  and  the  old  plort. 

The  black  book  and  the  map  for  the  lenns. 

In  the  leather  bagg,  the  long  rolle  of  all  the  charters,  alfo  foure  bunches  of  the 
court  rolls  and  accompts,.  one  bunch  more  of  accompts,  one  gieac  book  from  Mr. 
Wyche,  and  the  great  mapp  of  the  towne  of  Croyland. 

Owz  other  book  called  Harrington's  Book  f. 

Alfo  the  verdift  of  fewers  in  Edward  the  \T.  time,  wherein  the  hand  of  the  lor 
trefurer,  lor  Willi  Cecill,  is  too. 

The  towne  ords  concerning  the  fames  \  let  for  the  good  of  the  town  and  for. 
the  cujlomes  of  the  towne. 

The  exemplification  upon  the  nonfuit. 

Tiie  bill,  anfwers,  interrogatories,  and  depofitions,  in  the  Exchequer; 


N"  LXV. 

ReBors    of  Croyland. 

WILLIAM  Styles,   16^1,  minifter;  in  1675  he  ftiles  himfelf  rcfl-or. .    He  was 
alfo  warden  of  Brown's  Hofpital  at  Stamford.     He  took  up  arms   with   the 
royalifts  in  thefe   parts,   1648,  afting  as   their   captain,  and  efcaptd  being  cut  to 
pieces  when  Dr.   Hudfon  was  lb  cruelly  murdered  at  \\'oodford  houle.     He  lived- 
till  after  the  Reftoration  §. 

*  In  an  old  hand  of  thelallor  preceding  century.  Noneof  ilic  nrticles  lierefpecififd  are  now  in  iheircheft. 
•{■    ProSably  the  Chroiiicle  of  Crovbnd  '.y  Sir  John  Harrington,  of  wImcH  ice  Preface,   p.  xii. 
XQrJircmes,  or premii.    This  word  is uncerrain.  \  Tecli'ii  Dcild.  Cur.  I.Y.  c.45. 

^  7  HenP.Y' 


*i36  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

Henry  Pern,   A.  M,  1671  ;  lie  officiated  in  1676*  ;    and  when  rciflor  infli'HcJ 

a  luit  for  tlie  tithes  of  the  puiifli,  during  the  prolecution  of  which  Sir- Orby, 

then  lord  of  this  manor,  oflered  hiin  200  1.  per  ann.  as  a  compromile,  wiiich  Mr. 
IVm  refufed,  and  in  the  iiTue  loit  his  caiife,  but  by  what  default  I  know  not.  He  was 
■inllalled  in  the  prebend  l'exagi)tta  frjlidorum  in  the  church  of  l.incohi  i6Hi  -J-.  In  the 
latter  part  of  the  time  of  his  poileirng  this  rcfloij',  he  was  rcftor  ot  Lcverington, 
near  Wifbech  in  the  Ifle  of  Ely,  and  dying  1724  was  buried  in  the  church  there. 

Baunaby  GccHE  j;,    1721,   whcfe  daughter,  Elizabeth,  a   fpinller,  was   buiicd 
in  this  church  in  1780.  aj^ed  above  70  ycyrs. 

Jeames  Bemsc'N,    1730,  who,   though  blind,  through   the  whole  courfe  of  lui 
niimrtry,  religioufiy  peirormed  all  hisparochial  duties**. 
William  Sandiver,   1761. 
James '1'hc)Mi  Son,   1762. 

It  is  vet)'  remarkable  that  though  thefe  four  lafl:  rcflors  were  buri-ed  in  this 
parilli  church,  no  memorial  mlcriptions  are  placed  upon  the  ftoues  of  the 
pavement  under  which  they  are  buried,  except  I  :  B:  for  Jeames  Benfoii, 
and  W.  S.  for  William  Sjndiver,  at  the  expence  of  one  oJ^  their  grateful 
and  companionate  parifhioiieis. 
Moor  Scribo,  now  incumbent  1783. 

•   From  the  Regiilcr,  wbh  !i  hei;ins  1625.  f   Willir'.s  l.inmlp,   :!jg.. 

■J:   Aiiihor  ot  a  iM.^.  p;fajihnit1ic  pot  111  on  Jub  xxiv.  24..   Spaiuing  Socictv'b  Aiin. 

**  Since  this  pige  was  lull  pniitcd  an  anonymous  corn  fptaidrui  has  tavoreii  [lie  Editor  w'th  the  foliow- 
ing  cui  ious  pariiLiilaib  :  "  1  here  was  a  very  excraordiiiary,  aird  a  very  rfipf>'table  charatter,  m  hu  was 
rector  ot  Cioyland  about  twtut)  yiars  ago,  and  well  woiih  recordin;/  :  his  name  uas  Bcnfon,  1  fancy 
ht  was  born  blind,  or  at  lead  had  always  a  very  impertecl  vifion^  I  think  he  told  nie  he  was  educated  at 
M'adliam  College  ;  he  appeared  10  be  a  good  lthoi;,r,  a  man  ot'  excellent  len'c,  modtlt,  very  agreea- 
ble and  enieriaining  in  companv,  and  as  1  was  irforined  a  man  ot  IrreproachaMe  morals  and  coudiidl. 
He  went  through  all  the  Church  leiviie,  tvcn  the  tiill  Ictlons,  without  the  leat't  hefitation  :  he  had  in- 
deed a  little  boy  in  the  deik  uith  him  to  put  him  in,  fhoukl  he  accidentally  be  our,  but  J  never  heard 
that  be  was  fo.  He  olhciated  twice  tW  the  clergyman  where  1  lived,  and  where  he  was  upon  a  vifir. 
The  hitl  time  I  v\ab  confined  to  my  bed  and  could  not  attend  him;  but  heard  n'eat  allonifhaie  it  exprtf- 
fed  at  the  (IcLfance  of  his  peifnmance.  When  he  came  again,  I  took  the  liberty  of  afking  him  to  offici- 
ate that  I  might  have  the  j'leafuic  (;t  hearing  him.  "  Sir,"  fays  he,  •'  it  is  as  necelhiiy  tor  n.c  10  have 
my  fermons  \vr.ttcn  as  it  is  1.  r  thf-  Gentlenien  who  can  fee;  but  if  it  is  polfibie,  as  the  weather  is  fine, 
I  will  oblige  you,  and  I  will  let  your  nctor  know  to-moirow."  This  converlation  was  on  the  Fiida)  ; 
on  ihe  Saturday  morning  he  got  up  at  5  o'clock,  and  walked  with  his  little  fervant  till  bicakfa'I,  when 
he  lent  up  woid  that  he  would  lake  the  duty  upon  him,  A  better  difcourfe,  in  language  or  mitter,  I 
never  heard,  nor  did  I  ever  hear  the  prayers  uttered  in  a  more  edifying  or  engaging  manner.  Artcr 
church  I  took  his  little  fervant,  a  boy  of  about  14,  in  private,  Ttnd  aflced  him,  "  wliethtr  his  mallei's 
fermon  tvas  new  f  "  PerKilly  to.  Sir,"  faid  he  ;  *'  I  write  all  my  mailer's  ditcourfes  out  for  him  :  but 
this  1  never  wrote,  nor  did  he  ever  think  of  it  tilJ  af'er  he  kit  you.''  "  Your  mafler  told  me,"  fiys  I, 
*'  that  when  he  wants  to  refer  to  a  paffage  in  the  Greek  Tetlament,  he  has  taught  you  to  read  Greek  fo 
well  as  to  undtrrtand  it  from  your  rtading."  "  Ah,  Sir,  fo  he  tells  me;  bat  I  doiit  underlland  a 
word  of  it."  "  Pray  do  let  me  hear  how  you  do  it,"  fays  I,  and  gave  him  a  Greek  Telfament.  The 
boy  tO;jk  it,  and  read  it  lb  intelligibly,  that  1  perleftly  underllood  the  meaning  oi  the  wrirei.  Mr.  Ben- 
ibn  had  lamenttd  to  me,  as  one  of  Irs  gveateft  hatdfhips,  his  inability  to  keep  a  good  fervant.  He  could 
not  afford,  he  laid,  to  gi\e  much  wages,  as  his  living  was  very  finali,  not  80  1.  a  year,  and  he  kept  his 
predecelfor's  widow  anddaujhier;  "  fo  that,"  fays  the  worthy  man,  "as  foon  as  I  liave  taught  one  of 
my  pai  lihioners  to  read  well,  aid  made  tolerably  mailer  ot  my  niethou,  he  mull  leave  me,  to  leek  a  more 
advantaiieous  tuiploymcnt,   and  I  have  all  the  labour  ot  iulliuiffion  to  go  over  again." 

Thif  I'Urney  in  the  event  proved  fatal  to  the  poor  genileman.  He  vva>--  going  to  vifit  a  relation  at 
Hamfiead,  and  niounnd  up-n  a  fine  grey  marc,  whicJi  had  carried  him  falely,  he  was  boafling,  m.iny 
years,  and  which  upon  his  louriicv  he  had  been  ofleted  tueiity  guineas  foi  ;  "  but.  Sir,"  adds  he,  "  a 
Kiijuoom  wou.d  haruly  pay  me  the  value  of  her."  Upon  his  icturn  baek,  about  a  month  alter,  1  faw 
liiiii  uneafy  and  dcjeiHtd  ;  lor  alas,  his  marc  WJ'  no  more!  ihe  had  been  turned  to  grafs  with  other 
liorfes,  who  had  bioke  her  leg,  and  made  it  neeefl'jry  to  dilpaich  her.  He  h  >d  another  horfe  given  him; 
it  w.is  true,  but  nothing  like  his  old  favourite.  Some  ihort  time  after,  I  heard  this  horfe  had  ttarted  with 
him,  flun"  him,  and  that  his  death  was  almoft  immediately  the  confequence  of  his  fail. 


H  I  S  T  O  il  Y    OF    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  '137 


N"  LXVI. 


V^ITyli    x^BBATUM    CROYLANDIiE. 


Ex  MS.  Cotton.  Vefpafian,  b.  XI.  fol.  76. 

KENULPHUS  quidam   in   diebus   illis   inagne  fame    fuit,  qui  monaderium 
Sci  Guthlaci  p  aliquod  tempus  rexit.     A  quo  Kenulphftan  ad  hue  dicitui-  la- 
pis :  qucm  ipfe  ^p  limite  contra  Depiiiges  pofuit. 

Variis  bellorum  tempeftaribus  Anglia  poft  modum  perturbata  eft,  &  bnrbaris  fub 
ducibus  HingUcir  &  Halldene  ac  Gudrim  aliifquc  tyrannis  fupervenientibus  a  Da- 
cia  vel  a  Norrevagia,  Angligenarum  regum  qui  naturaliter  Anglie  prcfuerant  muta- 
tione  fadta,  Croylandenfe  monarterium  depopulatum  eft,  ficut  alia  plurima.  Or- 
namenta  fua  funt  fublata,  &  ville  devaftate  laicifque  contra  canonicum  jus  in  domi- 
nium redafte.  Scd  divina  pietas  que  permittit  propter  peccata  populi  ypocritas  per 
aliquantum  tempus  regnare,  novit  ctiam  caftigatis  filiis  tempora  ftrena  per  admt- 
niuracionem  ligitimoium  principum  redintegrare.  Unde  pretatis  tyrannis  qui  dic- 
tuYn  Edmundum  Anglorum  regem  cum  maltis  aliis  fidelibus  viris  occiderunt,  &  ec- 
clefias  Scorum  8c  habitacula  Xpianorura  igue  fnccenderunt  divino  initu  peremtis  vel 
alio  modo  qualibet  dejeftis  :  Alfredus  Adelvulfi  regis  filius  Deo  adjuvante  prevaluit, 
&  primus  omnium  regum  monarchiam  totius  Angiis  optinuit.  Poft  hunc  Edwardus 
filius  ejus  qui  fenior  cognominabatur  diu  utiliterque  regnavit,  morienlque  filiis  Aiis 
Edelftano  &  Edmundo  ac  Edredo  regnum  reliquit,  qui  regnum  AngHe  omnes  per 
ordinem  tenuerunt,  8c  quifque  tempore  luo  laudabilitur  regnare  &  fubjeftis  prodeff: 
ftuduir. 

Tempore  Edredi  regis  Tirpcetelus  quidam  clericus  Londonienfis  fuit.  Qui  2. 
prefato  rege  ut  fibi  Croylandiam  donaret  expeciit.  Cui  rex  quod  pecierat  libenter 
annuit.  Erat  enim  idem  clericus  de  regali  progenie,  cognatus  Oflceteli  Eboracenfit 
metropolitani,multas  divitias  magnafque  poflefl^iones  liabebat:  quas  omnes  parvipende- 
bat  propter  eternas  manfiones,  Croylandiam  quippe  ut  diximus  non  pro  augendis  fun- 

dis  a  rege  popofcerat,    fed  quia  religiofos  ibi  viros  in  folitudinc  fciliz un- 

dique  paludibus  &  ftagnis  circumdabatur  cognoverat,  contemptis  omnibus  feculi 
deleftamentis  divino  cultui  fe  mancipare  decre\'ervat.  'Ordinaris  itaque  prudenter  re- 
bus fuis,  Croylandie  monachns  faclus  eft.  Et  audito  ibidem  ftudio  ejus  a  monacho- 
rum  congregatione  magifter  eorum  &  abbas  initu  Dei  &  bonorum  ele^ione  efFec- 
•lus-.eft.     Hie  familiariffimus  fuit  amicus  sci^  prefulibus  qui  tunc  tempuris  reg-^-bant 

^  8  ccclefiam 


-^ijg  APPENDIX      TO      THE 

ecclefidm  Dei:  DunAano  archiepifcopo  Eboracenfi,  Adehvoldo  Wyntonienfi,  &  Of- 
walilo  Wygornienfi  &  poftmodum  archiepifcopo  Eboracenfi,  eorumque  confiliis  fummo 
niui  fatagebat  famulari.  Hie  ut  dixinius  magne  generoricatis  fuit  &  lx  maneria 
de  patrimonio  parentum  fuorum  poffedit,  pro  quorum  animabus  lex  villas  fcilicet 
Welingburg,  Beby,  Wyrthorpp,  Elmyntonain,  Coteham  &  Hokyngton,  Croylan- 
denfi  ecrlefie  dedit,  &  tellamentum  inde  iigillo  ftrenuiffimi  regis  fignatum  coiiHr- 
mavit.  Dunftanus  eciam  archiepifcopus  cum  fufFraganeis  predi^hinim  terrarum  do- 
nationem  Ice  crucis  in  carta  figno  corroboravir,  &  qui  preface  ecclefie  de  prenomi- 
iiatis  abilulerit,  nifi  digna  fatisfadione  emcndaverit,  eterne  malediftionis  anatheraate 
cxcomunicavir. 

Deinde  poft  multura  Turketelo  mi  idus  Julli  defundo  Egelriccjs  nepos  ejus 
fuccefi'it  &  conipleio  vice  fue  curfu  alio 

Egklrico,  qui  de  cognadone  ejus  erat  abbaciam  Croylandie  fufcepit ;  quo  de- 
fiindVo, 

OiRETELus  magne  nobilitatis  monachus  ejufdem  ecclefie  abbas  effeflus  eft.  Porro 
Lebina  foror  ejus  Enolphesbirie  domina  erat,  ubi  tunc  temporis  corpus  didti  Neoti 
abbatis  &  confeflbris  jacebac.  Sed  dignum  tanto  viro  fervicium  ibi  tunc  non  fiebat; 
unde  prefata  mulier  Wytlefiam  acceflic  ;  &  fratrem  fuum  Ofketelum  abbatem  cum 
quibuidam  Croylandenfibus  monachis  illud  accerfiit,  ibique  corpus  Sci  Neoti  quod 
reverenter  fecum  detulerat :  monachis  quos  digniorcs  fe  crcdiderat  tradidit.  At  illi 
munus  a  Deo  fibi  collatum  gratanter  fufceperunt,  &  juxta  altare  See  Dei  gene- 
tricis  Marie  in  aquilonari  parte  honorabiliter  collocaverunt.  Ibique  ufque  hodie  a 
fidelibus  veneranter  excolitur,  ejufque  feflivitas  ii  kal'  Augufti  celebratur. 

Oflietelo  autem  xii  kal'  Novembtis  defundo, 

GoDRicus  fucceffit;  quo  viam  univerfe  carnis  xiiii  kal'  Februarii  ingrediente, 

Brithmerus  abbaciam  fufcepit.  Tunc  temporis  Pcgelande  cenobium  erat  cui 
nobilis  vir  Ulfgeatus  abbas  prefuerat.  lUic  etenim  Sea  Pega  foror  8(51  Guthlaci 
Dno  militaverat,  que  pollquam  venerandus  frater  ejus  defunftus  efl:  aufleriore  la- 
bore  vitam  fuam  pro  amore  Xpi  examinare  conata  efl:.  Unde  Ilomam  adiit  scorum 
apoftolorura  limina  fupplex  pro  fe  fuifque  requifivic,  ibique  vi  idus  Januarii  gloriofe 
vitam  finivit.     Poftquam  Brithmerus  Croylandie  abbas  vii  idus  Aprilis  obiit, 

VuLGEATUs  Pegeland  abbas  Edwardum  regem  Egelrtdi  filium  peciit  ut  greges 
duorum  cenobiorum  permitteret  adunari,  &  lub  uno  abbate  unum  conventum  effici; 
quod  ille  ftatim  benigne  conceffit.  Vulgeatus  itaque  pollquam  longo  tempore  Croy- 
landie curam  geffit  nonas  Julii  obiit. 

VuLKETELUS  Burgcnfis  monachus  Croylandie  regimen  a  rege  Edwardo  juflu 
Leofrici  abbatis  fui  fufcepit.  Hie  xxiiii  annis  Croylandie  prefuit,  ecclefiamque 
novam,  quia  vetus  ruinam  minabatur  conftruere  ccpit.  Ejus  ad  hoc  opus  infpirante 
Deo  Waldenus  comes  Northampton  filius  Siwardi  duels  Northannimbrorum  adjutor 
fuit,  &  villam  que  Bernak  dicitur  Deo  &  Sco  Guthlaco  dedit.  Qui  non  multo  pofh 
malignitate  Normannorum,  qui  eum  pro  ingenti  ejus  probitate  metnebant,  injufte 
cum  multorum  luftu  pridie  kal'  Julii  Wyntonie  decoUaius  eft,  &:  corpus  ejus 
Juditha  uxore  ejus  rogante  &  "Willielmo  rege  permittente  a  Vulketelo  abbate 
Cro)  landiara  delatum  eft.  Poft  non  muUura  temporis  idem  abbas^  qui  Angligena 
1  erat. 


IIISTORYOFGROYLAND.  *i39 

erat  &  Normannis  exofas  ab  emulis  accufatus  efl,  8c  a  LanfVanco  archiepifcopu 
depoficus,  &  Glaflonie  clauftro  elt  deputatus. 

Deinde  Ingulfus  Fontenellends  monachus  abbaciam  Croyland  dono-Wi!lielmi 
regis  recepit,  8c  xxiiii  aniiis  pliirima  adverl'a  perpefllis  illam  rexit.  Hie  Anglicus 
natione  erat,  &  fcriba  regis.  Poftmodum  Jcrafol}'niain  perrexit;  unde  reverfus 
Fontinellam  expeciit,  8c  a  Gcreberto  abbate  monachilem  habiium  fufcepit.  Sub 
quo  aliquandiu  prioratum  admiiiidravit ;  poliquam  aurem  Croyland  regimen  habuit 
predecellbri  fuo  mulu5  precious  apud  VVillielmo  regem  lubvenire  lategir.  Vuike:c!us 
enim  permillu  regis  ad  fuam  ecclefiam,  fcilicet  Burgum,  rediit,  ibique  pofl:  aliquot 
annos  obiic.  Ingulphus  itaque  abbas  fufcepto  monafterio  prout  potuit  prodeffe 
ftuduit,  fed  plurima  adverfa  initu  Dei  pertulit.  Nam  pars  quedam  ecclefie  cum 
ofEcinis  &  ve(tibus  8c  libris  multifque  aliis  rebus  repentino  igne  combulla  eft.  Ipfc 
quoque  gravi  morbo  podagre  detentus  diu  laiiguit.  Sed  vivaci  animo  fubditis  pro- 
deffe  non  dellidt.  Hie  corpus  VValdeni  comitis  de  capitulo  fecit  ia  ecclefiam  tranf- 
ferri. 

Defunifto  Iiigulpho  abbate  xvi  kal'  Decembris  Joffbedus  fucceflit,  &  in  multis 
ecclefie  Croyland  prodeffe  ftuduit.  Hie  in  urbi  Aurelian  natus  fuit,  fcolas  arcium 
liberalium  fecutus  ab  evo  pueriii  mundum  perofus  defiderio  flagrans  celefH  :  reli- 
gionis  habitum  in  cenobio  beati  Ebrulft  fufcepit.  Ibi  nimirum  quia  locus  ille  re- 
ligione  magis  habundat  quam  diviciis  fccuhiribus  fub  Manerio  abbate  ad  minifte- 
rium  prioratus  meruit  promoveri.  Hie  vero  anno  gracie  m  c''  ix"  juffu  Henrici 
regis  primi  Anglic  ecclefie  Croyland  regimen  fufcepit,  novamque  bafilicam  &c  alia 
bona  quamplurima  incoavit.  Hujus  regiminis  anno  tercio  ad  tumbara  VValdeni 
comitis  miracula  primitus  ceperunt  demonfbari  :  cui  iuccelTit 

Valdenus  monachus  Croyland,  8c  xii  annis  prefuit  ecclefie.  Accufatus  a  fuis  de- 
pofitus  eft  ab  Alberico  legato  tempore  regis  Stephani  ii"  kal'  obiit;  cui  fucceflit 

GoDEFRiDUs  prior  Sti  Albani,  &c  iiii  annis  rexit  ecclefiam.  Hie  confuetudiaes 
Sti  Albani  inftituit,  que  ibi  ufque  in  prefens  fervantur  vixi"  idus  Aprilis  obiit,  cui 
fuccefEt 

Edwardos  monachus  &  prior  Ramefenfis,  &  xxx  annis  flrenue  rexit  ecclefiam, 
&  in  multis  ampliavit:  xiiii  kal'  Februarii  obiit.  Hujus  tempore  iterum  combufta 
eft  ecclefia  cum  ofiicinis  in  die  nativitatis  See  Marie,  fed  iterum  ab  co  8c  fratribus 
iminente  reedificata:   cui  luccefiit 

RoBERTus  monachus  de  Redyngs  8c  prior  de  Lemyftre,  Sc  xv  annis  prefuit. 
Tempore  hujus  reedificata  eft  ecclefie  pars  que  poft  ubitum  Edwardi  abbatis  ante- 

quam  ipfe  ad  abbaciam  venerat ;  tota  3i.  navis  ecclefie  confummata  eft  illius 

tempore  8c  trons  feretri  Sci  Guthlaci  fabricata  eft  a  Fulcone  aurifice  de  Burgo. 
Hie  ab  Henrico  fecundo  rege  Anglie  ?i  Ricardo  archiepifcopo  fufcepit  abbaciam, 
8c  XV  kal'  Aprilis  obiit.     Mortuo  Roberto  fucceftic 

Henricus  frater  Willielrai  de  Longo  Campo  cancellaril  Due  regis  RicardI  8c 
epifcopi  Elienfio.  Hie  erat  monachus  Evcdiam,  8c  abbaciam  fulccpit  confenfu  regis 
Ricardi,  qui  tunc  temporis  ultra  mare  erat  in  prociniftii  itineris  Jerolblomitani,  Qui 
domum  fibi  commiffam  xlvi  annis  ftrcnue  rexit,  8c  pro  ea  niuitos  laboi'es,  anguf- 
tias,  8c  pericula,  tam  in  mari  quando  ad  regem  Ricarduni  pro  placito  marifci  perfo- 
■nalitex  in  Allemaniam   adiit,  quam  in  itincre  verfus  Roraam  au^toritate  tonfilii  per- 

.^9  .  pefTus 


*:40  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

peffiis  eft.  Ornarnenta  autem  &  vafa  ecclefiaflic;!  aurea  &  argentea  &  veflimenta 
precii)f;is  libros  quoque,  &  alia  quamplurima  domui  Dei  neceffaria,  que  hie  omic- 
uintur  enarrare  ftudiofe  pcrquifivit.  Edificia  fere  omnia  infra  abbaciam  &  extra 
ad  maneria  tempore  luo  in  melius  rcedificata  funt  &  conftrufta  :  cui  fuccellu 

RrcARDus  monachus  &  cclerarius  Bardeneye.  Hie  ab  illuflri  rege  Henrico  faf- 
ceptus  innumeros  laborcs  pro  doino  fua  perpeffus  eil,  led  fiiperna  fupcrvcniente 
clemcncia,  devictis  hoftibus  undecumque  reportavit  trophea.  Latus  ecclelie  verfus 
aquilontm  prdilravit,  &  in  melius  reformavit.  Eidem  eciam  nonnuila  coiitulit  orna- 
mcnta.  llic  redditns  omnium  fere  ampliavit  officialium,  novale  quod  Afvvyke  dicitur 
ex  vaftiffimo  producebat  marifco,  &  novale  quod  Duvedale  dicitur  incepir.  Infir- 
mariiim  conftruxit.  Hie  fuum  cenobium  intus  &  extra  maneria  difpofita  &  opu- 
lenta  reliquit.  Quum  vero  talentum  libi  creditum  xi  annis  flrenue  regebai  &  mul- 
ciplicabat  pro  labore  celeftem  fumpturus  vitam  in  infirmitate  decoflus  xv  kal'  Julii 
viam  univerfe  carnis  eft  ingreffu?.     Quo  defunfto,  fuccefTu 

Thomas  de  Welle  monachus  Croylandie,  vir  vite  venerabilis  &  magne  fanfti- 
tatis.  Hie  varios  labores  pro  domo  fua  eft  perpeflTus,  qui  curiam  Romanam  adiens  a 
perfidis  viris  &  miniflris  nequiofe  capitur,  expoliatur,  ac  demura  carceri  mancipatur. 
Hie  qui  multa  bona  contulit  conventui,  redditus  &  bona  omnium  officialium  decen- 
ter  &  facete  ampliando,  novale  vero  fpiod  dicitur  Duvedale  una  cum  pifcaria  de 
tofo  rivo  eidem  benignc  conceffit.  Ille  vero  gregcm  hbi  commiffum  &  populum 
exemplo  bone  accionis  &  verbo  see  predicacionis  diligenter  pafcendo  fovebat,  & 
cunfta  fibi  commifla  flrenue  &  fapienter  vi  annis  tempore  regis  Henrici  regebat 
qui  lethali  morbo  decoftus  viu  idus  Oftobris  feliciter  migravit  a  feculo:  cui  fuc- 
ceffit 

Radulfus  de  Merch  monachus  Croylandie,  vir  tarn  in  fpiritualibus  quam  tem- 
poralibus  fatis  expertus,  in  adverlis  conftans  &  magnanimus,  in  dubiis  providus  &c 
circumfpeftus,  in  profperis  cautus  &  temperatus,  erga  Deum  devotus,  circa  reli- 
gionis  cuRodiam  diligenier  folicitus,  erga  mundum  dapfilis  &  munificus,  erga 
omnes  fidelem  &  hilarcm  fe  exhibens,  jier  humilem  &  religiofam  converfacionem 
irreprehenfibilem  vitam  oflendens,  &  in  tantum  omnibus  placens  quod  a  cundlis  quafi 
pro  cognomine  bonus  abbas  vocaretur.  Hie  quamvis  pontifcx  non  erat  tamen  quafi 
alter  Simon  Onye  filius  in  vita  fua  fuffulfit  domum,  &  in  diebus  fuis  roboravit  tern- 
plum.  Sufiiiliit  enim  domum  fuam  ipfam  pofTclIionibus,  rtdduibus,  h  libertatibus 
ampliando  ac  per  placita  ardua  &  fumptuofa  ab  adverfariis  defendendo.  Et  licet 
ipfa  naviciila  doauis  nollre  flucflibiis  advevfancium  ac  procellis  placitancium  circum- 
quaque  ejus  temporibus  nimis  grava-.a  fuit,  tamen  fubraergi  funditus  non  poti>it 
dum  prcdiflus  nauclerus  in  puppis  regimine  prcfnit,  cum  quocumque  fe  divertebat 
favente  Xpi  gracia  profperos  ad  vota  lucceflus  habcbat.  Hie  adquifivit  per  immen- 
iim  eris  tliuhonem  &  gravem  in  curia  regis  altercacionem  mancrium  de  Gedn^y. 
Adquifivit  infuper  ecclefiam  de  Gwappeiode  in  jjroprios  ufus  &  advacationem  ec- 
clefie  de  Eflon.  Impetravit  eciam  a  domino  rege  Henrico  mercata  de  Gv/appelcde 
&:  de  Baflon  &  Cro)  land,  et  warrcnam  in  maneriis  fuis  de  Croyland,  Langtott, 
Rafton,.  TetFord,,  Burethorpp,  Bulienhale,  Haylinton,  Dunedyke,  Gwappeiode, 
Holbeche,  A-  Alevyke.  Ampliavit  eciam  maneria  domus  Croyiand  tarn  in  pofi'ef- 
iioiiibus  diverfis  quam  edificiis  :  (jiiedaiQ  alicnata.  iajufte  rcvocando,  quedam  de 
%  novo 


HISTORY     OF     C  R  O  Y   L  A  N  D.  *mx 

novo  adquirendo.  Hie  itaque  lumptuofe  placituvit  cum  abbate  de  Burgo  pro  ma- 
rifco  verfus  Burgum  infra  limitcs  fedis  abbacie  n  iflre  conterito,  &  obiinuit  quod 
tota  ilia  pars  ville  de  Croyland  que  in  illo  niaril'co  lita  efl;  fit  imperjietuum  de  co- 
mitatu  Lincoln.  Idem  autem  lUenue  fe  defcndit  conrra  priorem  de  Spakiyng  & 
Dnm  T.  de  Multon  quum  eum  implacitaveriint  de  majori  parte  I'edis  abbacie  nollre, 
h  tandem  per  viam  pacis  non  raodica  peciinie  quantitate  mediante  rorum  rctinuit,  8c 
optinuit  quod  rota  ilia  j)ars  fedis  prcdifte  que  eft  ex  oriental!  parte  aquarum  de 
Nen-Weyland  C\[  de  villa  Croyland  imperpauum.  Ulius  vero  tcmporibiis  frons. 
occidentalis  ecclefie  cum  fiiis  turellis  Sc  cuai  magna  parte  navis  ecclefie  valiJo  ven- 
torum  occidit  impull'u,  que  in  melius  uc  patet  dccenter  reparavir..  Fecit  eciain.tur- 
rim  ecclefie  ultra  chorum  8c  capcllam  ?ci  Martini  juxta  I'ortam  climofinarie.  Hie- 
ergo  poftquam  per  xxvi  annos  inter  varias  8:  graves  mundi  preffuras  ecckfudlicas  Sc 
mundanas,  ac  regias  inportabiles  pecuniarum  exa£iiones  domum  fuam  flrenue  rcXr 
iflet,  in  fefto  Sci  Micliis  arclli,  nimirum  qui  angelicam  vitam  duxenir,  ac  cif— 
dem  pro  vice  merito  per  Dei  graciam  lociandus,  anno  domini  milio  ec  lxxx  piimo 
viam  univerfe  cnrnis  ingrcffus  eft  quo  defufto  iucceffit: 

RiCARDus,  monachus  Croyland  &  natus  ejufdem  ville,  meritis  fuis  exigentibus 
abbas  tandem  faftus  tarn  res  (jai  religionem  fae  nionailerii  in  multis  ampliausiix 
domino  bbdormivit. 

Simon,  monachus  de  Croyland  natufqne  in  villa  de  LufTcnham,  ctam  plusjun'o- 
carnales   parentes  i'uos  diligeret  oc  i'piritales  contempuere:   per  epifcopum   pro  de- 
meritis  depofitus  eft  de  abbate. 

Henricus,  monachus  Cioyiand  &  naius  in  villa  de  Cafev^^kcs,  abbas  fac>us  flre- 
nuilTime  monafterium  fuum  rexit,  &  annis  xxxv  lanflillune  in  pailorali  officio  de.-- 
curfis  ad  celum  tranflvit. 

Thomas,  monachus  Croyland,  &  natus  in  villa  de  Bernak,  abbns  effeiHus  hoftes- 
ecclefie  fue  glotiofiffime  triumphavit,  &  rexit  annis  xix,  &  obiit  in  fefto  Sci  Gre- 
gorii  XX;  mundo  8c  hominibus  fatis  expertus  &c  acceptus,  8c  deo  perdevctus. 

Johannes,  monachus  Croyland,  natus  in  villa  de  Afleby,  abbas  faftus  amantcr  cum 
conventu   fuo  Croyland  Sc  tota  comunitate  toto  tempore  prelacionis  fue  vixir,  &, 
rexit  monaRerium  ftrenue  xv  annis,  qui  in  diebus  fuis  decoravii  eccleham  Croylani 
in  magnis  8t  bonis  camnanis  pendentibus  in  cam.panili  exteriori  8c  in  magrds  valvis. 
ligneis  portarum  magnarum  abbatis  per  ipfum  fadis.     Cum  eciam  labore  &  expenfa. 
per  doniinum  8c  adjutorium   domini  Jotiis   de  Gawnt  ducis  Lancaflrie  fafta  eft  fo- 
lempniter  8c  manifefte   per  afiifam  divifio  8c  feperatio  per  bundas  Si  limites  inter 
partes  de  Hoyland   8c  Kefteven   8c  dominium  de  Dcpyng&c. Croyland  8c  Spalding. 
Qui  obiit  in  oflav'  Sci  Barthel'  omnes  amans  k  ab  omnibiis^amatus. 

Thomas,  monachus  Croyland,  &  natus  in  villa  de  Orerton,  abbas  fadlus  firenue 
monafterium  guberuavit  &  rexit  annis  xxv.  Cujus  tempore  prelacionis  crux  lapi- 
dca  in  aqua  de  VWland  vocata  Kenulfton  per  homines  de  Depyng  dejefta  8:  af- 
pcrtata  per  affifam  iude  captam  8c  fpecialiter  in  nomine  8c  fuppoitacione  domini 
Johis.de  Gawnt:  ducis  Lancaftrie  repohta  8c  reedificaia  eft.  Ejus  eciam  tempore 
.is:  induftria  augmentaium  eft  monailerium  Croyland  in  villa  de  Bafton  per  adquili- 
ciohem  &  optencionem  illius  poicionis  que  vocatur  lieawniondfec.  Et  in  villa  de 
Geduey  per  optencionem  &C  adquifitionem  illius  porcioiiis  in  eadem  villa. que- voca-- 

^  10  tui-.- 


*j4i  APPENDIX      TO      THE 

tur  Burp'?oup  vel  ex  poderiori  tempore  Cbeltonfee.  Hie  dominus  Thomas  decoravir 
eccleliam  Croyland  in  choro  &  per  formulas  pulcras  &  novas,  &  in  campanili  inte- 
:;riori  per  quatuor  campanas  fonorificas  &  concordiffimas,  &  in  armarioio  per  libros 
Kicardi  heremite  de  Hamnole  <!i:  Brigide  regimine  per  ipfum  perquifitos  &  dona- 
tes. Ec  obiit  in  die  Sci  Tliome  Martiris  infra  natale  domini,  a  fiiis  fralribus  & 
magnatihns  h  comunibus  patrie  nominaiillimus. 

HiCARDus,  TOonachus  Croylond,  prior  ejufdem  loci,  antea  prior  Frefton,  Baca- 
Jarius  in 'I  hcologia,  natus  in  villa  de  Upton,  unanimi  conventus  conlenfu  fadus 
abbas,  ilrenuiflime  &  feliciffime  in  fpiritualibus  &  temporalibus  ix  annis  &  im 
■menfibus  nionalleriura  gubernavit.  Qui  graciofiffime  &  feliciflime  fuis  laborlbus  & 
jnduihia  in  placito  contra  homines  de  Spaldyng  pro  folo  &  dominio  in  Gokeflond 
verfus  occidentem,  et  contra  homines  de  Multon  &  Weilon  procin£tu  Croyh^nd  a 
dirto  monallerio  ufque  Lodedyk  in  orientali  &  boreali  partibus  difte  monaflerii  jus 
ecclefie  fue  optinuit,  recuperavir,  &  pacince  poffedit  ufque  ad  diem  modernum. 
Hie  eciam  venerandus  dominus  Ilicardus  decoravit  ecclefiam  Croyland  in  quodam 
preciofo  jocali  in  veftrario  &  in  emeudacione  pixidis  corporis  Xpi  ad  magnum  al- 
tare  cum  corona  fuper  eandem,  &  in  capis,  &  in  veftimentis  infra  vefliarium,  quo- 
rum prccium  nemo  fcit.  Fecit  eciam  abbatis  aulam  de  novo  infra  abbaciam  &  alias 
domos  infra  abbaciam  &  extra  in  villa  Croyland  &  in  maneriis,  quarum  fumptus 
&  expenfum  non  eft  datum  nobis  fcire.  Et  arraariolas  Croyland  cum  libris  plurimis 
&  preciofifimis  ditayit.  Flendo  dicatur,  proh  dolor!  hie  reverendiirimus  dominus  Ri- 
cardus  obiit  xini  die  menfis  Mali,  Deo  &  oipnibus  hominibus  tarn  ignotis  quam 
cognitis  famofiffimus  &  probadfTimus,  anno  Domini  millmo  cccc"  xxvir,  8c  anno 
jegni  regis  Henrici  fexti  v'°. 


•Lxvn. 


HISTORY    Of     C  R  O  Y  L  A  X  I).  trn 


N°  LXIV. 


San6li  Guthlaci  Anachoritos  vita  per  Felicem  Monachum  Croi- 
landenfem  anno  730.  Ad  ^Ifualdum  Orientalium  Angloruni 
Regem  *. 

Incipit  prefatio  de  vita  Sci  Guthlaci. 

IN  dno  dominorum  domino  meo,  mihi  pre  ceteris  regalium  primatum  gradibus  di-- 
lefto,  jElppalbo  regi  orientalium  Anglorum  rite  regimina  regenti,  Felix  catho- 
lics congregationis  vernacuhis  ppetue  profperitatis  in  Xpo  falute.  Juffionih'  tuis 
obtemperans  libellum  quern  de  vita  patris  beate  memorie  Guthlaci  componi  pce- 
pifti  fimplici  verborum  vimine  textum  non  abfq'  ^cacitatis  inpudentia  inftitui,  ea 
tamen  fiducia  coram  obtuli,  obfecrans  ut  fi  ullatenuf,  ut  fore  arbitror,  illic  vitiofus 
fermo  aures  eruditi  lefloris  pculferit,  litteram  in  fronte  pagine  veniam  pofcentem 
intendat.  Ueminifcat  quoq*  efflagito  quia  regnuin  dni  non  in  verborum  facundia  fed 
in  fidei  cftantia  pfiltit.  Salutem  quide  sclo  non  ab  oratoribus  fed  a  pifcatoribus 
pdicatara  fuilTe  fciat.  Sci  qq'  Hieronimi  difta  meminerit.  qui  rem  rediculam  efle  ar- 
bitratus  eft,  ut  fub  regulis  Donati  grammatici  verba  celei^is  oraculi  redigeret.  Sed 
fi  forfitan  alius  animofitatis  lire  faftibus  hoc  opus  nos  arripe  imputat,  dum  alii  plu- 
rimi  Anglorum  librarii  coram  ingcniofitatis  fluenta  int'flores  rethorice  p  viam  reftam 
literature  pure,  liquide,  lucideq' rivant,  qui  melius  luculentiufve  componere  valuer', 
fciat'  nos  hoc  opufculii  non  ta  volentix  quam  obcdienticgfa  inccpilTe.  Propterea  la- 
boris  mei  votis,  O  leftor,  quifquis  es,  faveas;  fin  etiam,  ut  adfolet,  more  obtreftatoris 
fuccefferis,  cave  ut  ubi  lucem  putaveris  ne  a  tenebris  obceceris :  idem  ne  cum 
rata  rephenderis  ignorantie  tenebris  fufcaris.  Mores  enim  cccorum  cum  luce  pam- 
bulant  tunc  in  tenebris  errare  putant ;  luce  enim  nefciunt  fed  intenebris  femp  uber- 

*  In  the  Britifh  Mufeum  there  are  three  copies  of  this  life  of  St.  Guthlac  That  froin  which 
the  prefem  copy  is  printed  is  in  Harl.  MSS.  3097.  6. — A  fecund,  whence  the  divifion  ot  the  chap- 
ters is  chiefly  taken,  is  among  the  Cotton  MSS.  Nero  E.  I.  a  large  tolio  velkim  MS.  wri-ten  alunit 
the  tenth  centuiy,  and  contains  the  Utcs  of  about  140  fainis,  aiiionjjil  which  ar  N.  44.  is  that  of  St. 
Guthlac,  in  22  pages,  double  columns.  The  edges  are  dama^td  by  the  fire,  but  the  writing  n  all  prc- 
ferved. — In  the  Royal  MSS  .  13  A.  XV.  is  an  older  copy  of  the  fame,  which  lias  been  col!a;ed  with  fome 
other  MS.  and  explanations  interlined.  At  the  end  of  the  laft  mentioned  MS.  is  written,  "  Au:or 
"  hujus  libri  dicitur  efle  Felix  Croylandieufis  qui  claruit  anno  D'ni  730  fub  Ethelbaldo  Merciorum 
"  rege.    Scripfu  etiam  Matheus  Parifienfis  vitam  Guthlaci,  et  Gulielmus  Ramfey  fed  carmine." 

R.  raor.. 


13^  APPENDIX      TO      THE 

r.int.  Cccitas  autcm  in  fcripturis  igiioramia  e(l,  ut  apts  dixit,  *'  Cecitas  ex  parte  con- 
tigit  in  Ifrael  donee  plenitude  genciuiii  fubintraret."  Oiigo  quidem  totius  mali 
ab  ignorantia  venit.  Oira^pter  te  ammonco,  leftor,  ut  aliena  non  rephendas,  ne  ab 
aliis  quiii  alienus  reprehendaris.  Sed  ne  fenfus  legentium  prol'xe  fententie  mo- 
lelhi  defenfio -obnubet,  peftifcris  obtre^iantium  incantationibus  aure?  obturmtes, 
velut  tranfuadato  vafti  gurgitis  aquore,  ad  vitam  Sci  Gutlilaci  ftilum  fledlendo  quafi 
ad  portum  vire  pgernus.  Qm  igitiir  exigifti  a  me  ut  de  Sci  Guthlaci  converfatione 
tibi  rciiberem,  quemadmodu  ceperit,  qdvc  ante  propofuu  scm  fuerit  vl  qualem  vitc 
terrni.ram  habnerit,  ^ut  a  dictantibus  idoneis  teftibus  quos  fcitis  audivi,  addendi 
minaendiq'  moduin  vitani,  eodem  ortothemio  depinxi.  Ad  hujus  utilitatis  comodura 
hunc  codicellum  fieri  ratus,  ut  illis  qui  fciunt  ad  meipcriam  tanti  viri  revocandi  fiat. 
His  veto  qui  ignorant  velut  late  paffe  vie  indicium  notefcat.  Non  enim  fine 
certiflima  inqui'iiione  return  geftarum  aliquid  de  tanto  viro  fcribebam.  Nee  tan- 
dem ea  que  fcripli  fine  fubrilillima  indubior'  tedium  fanflione  libratim  Icribendo  qui- 
bufdam  dare  pfumpfi,  quin  potius  diiigentiflime  inqiens  quantacunq'  fcripfi  invef- 
tigavi  a  reverentiffimo  quonda  abbate  Wilprudo,  et  a  prbiro  pure  cfcientie  ut 
aibit'or  Ciflan,  ut  etiam  ab  aliis  qui  diutius  cum  \iro  dei  converfati  vitam  ipfius  ex 
parte  noverciiit.  Ergo  quantacumq'  de  vita  ipfius  ortonomia  fiilo  pftrinxero,  minima 
de  magnis,  pauca  de  plurimis,  audifle  eflimate.  Non  enim  ambigo  illos  didlatores 
non  omnia  facVa  illiu';  potuifie  cognofcere.  Nee  ab  iilis  tota  di6lata  me  defcrip- 
fiffe  giorifico.  Sed  ut  tanti  viri  tanti  nominis  relatio  compleatur  ^ut  ubiq'  mira- 
cula  ilHus  fulferunt  pcun6tamini,  ut  finguliique  novere  referentibus  fequentibus 
libelli  materia  grcgetur.  'Igitur  eximie  dileftionis  tue  imperiis  obtemperans  textum 
prefentis  cartule  ^put  potui  digefll,  majoris  fcientie  auftoribus  majorem  parte  lin- 
quens,   principium  in  principio,  finem  in  fine  compono. 

Explicit  prologus.     Incipiuut  capitula  libri  Sci  Gutblaci  anachorite. 

I.  De  temporibus  parentum  illius  &  vocabul'  eorulB. 
II.  J)e  origine  h  manfione  patris  ipfius. 
II!.  De  Icgali  adjun<ftione  parentum  illius. 
nil.   De  conceptione  Sc  cpidendarum  *  dierum  curfij. 
V.  De  (pdigio  in  ten'pore  nativitatis  ipfius. 
VI.  De  tnrb'  vidcntib'  &  admirantib'  lignum. 
ViT.   Dj  manu  ab  ethere  miffa  oitiu  dom' inqnat'. 
A  III.   D':-  varia  iententia  {hipenti>  lurbe. 
IX.  De  rumigeruio  illiuj-  ,pJigii  famine. 

X.  De  baptii'mate  iilius  &  vocabido  fibi  ex  appellatione  patrie  indites 
XL  De  enutrimento  illius  &  edoftione  in  aula  patina. 
XII.  De  modeftia  infantie  illius  &  puerili  fimpllcitare. 
XIII.  De  docibilitate  &  fagacie  mentis  ipfius  in  gremio  difcendarum  arlium* 
Xlill.  De  illius  obcdientia  leniurib'  &  diledionc  erga  ilium  coetaneorum. 

*  A  MS.  r\tei.\  hy  M^\>\]\vx)  reaiis  me/rji/im  epipeniiartim  Jicmnt  <.ui//i,  and  Bcll-ndus's  printed  copy  h:is 
mrri/ruii  /ji/iJo'naitai umjyir,  ivhtre  Heiirchciiiiis  notes  ilv.it  the  w-rJ  sbovt,  ivhich  api)ea;s  in  all  oilier  MSS. 
ll;inds  for  inicrpcKiitiitium.  St-c  alTo  C"o  eleriu.',  not.  ad  toin.  I.  niuniiinentoi.  cccU  ;*  Urasca,  p.  7  15.  Da 
Cange  in  viice  undL-iliands  this  baib:uous  plirafe  to  mean  the  term  of  -jCllaiioii. 

2  XV.  De 


il  I  S  T  O  R  Y     O  F     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  133 

XV.  De  omnibus  dc  illo  tcflimonium  icferentibus   &  gra  diviiia  iu  vuku 

ipfiiis  radiantc. 
XVI.  Dc  rcpcntina  commutatione  ipfius. 

XVIl.  C)uoniodo  ttrtiam  partem  predate  gaze  poflldentibus  remittebat. 
XVIII.  Quomodo  I'piritualibus   ftimulis  iiuligatus  fe  Dei  famulum  fieri  devo- 
verit. 
XIX.  Quomodo  rcllinis  comitlbus  fiiis  folus  viam  pergens  Hrypandum  per- 

venit. 
XX.  Quomodo  tonfuram  apoftolicam  accipiens  ab  omni  ficcrato  liquore 

fe  abflinuerit. 
XXI.  Quomodo   ob  id   omnibus  cohabitantib'  afpero  odio  habebatur,  & 
poftea  ejus  manfuetudinem  dinolcentes  in  affectum  fui  animos  om- 
nium convertit. 
XXII.  Quomodo  pfalmis  et  monafticis  difciplinis  gra  inluftrante  inbuebatur 
XXIIl.  Quom'  univerfor' ^prios  virtuces  imitarc  ftudebat. 
XXIIII.  Quomodo  p  biennium  clericatus  fui  hercmum  petivic. 
XXV.  Quomodo  a  ^ximis  habitatoribus   hererhi  in  mifla  Sci  Bartholomei 

in  Cruglond  deduflus  e(l. 
XXVI.  Quomodo  fratres  refalutare  dehinc  Hrypandum  remear. 
XXVII.  Quomodo  rurfus  die  viii  ktrum  feptcmbriu  qua   Sci   Bartholomei 

miffa  celebrari  folet  Crugland  reverfus  e(h 
XXVIII.  Qualiter  infciffo  latere  tumuli  fupimpofito  tigurio  habitabat,  vel  quo- 
modo ortonomiam  vite  habuit  heremitalis. 
XXIX.  Qualiter  ilium  Zabulus  inftigationibus  defperationis  temptavit. 
XXX.  Quomodo  ilium  Zabulus  pfeudafodilitate  jejuniam  doccre  temptavit. 
XXXI.  Quomodo  corporaliter  maligni  fpiriius  ad  portas  inferni  ilium  afpor- 

raverunr. 
XXXII.  Quomodo  Bartholomeus  illic  fibi  apparuit,  et  reportare  ilium  juflit. 

XXXIII.  QLiomodo  immenfa  quietudine  ad  fcdcs   fuas   ab  immundis  fpiritibus 

reportatur. 

XXXIV.  Quomodo  fantafticas  dcmonura   turbas  qui  in  Britonnicum  exercitum 

fimulavere  orationibus  fugavit. 
XXXV.  Quomodo  prophetico  fpiritu  cogitationes  malignas  clerlci   cujufdam 
intelligebat. 

XXXVI.  Quomodo  nocte  quadam  malignantes  fpiritus  in  diverfarum  belliarum 

formis  ilium  terrebant. 

XXXVII.  Qualiter  corvus  cartulam  inter  undas  (lagni   dimifit,   nee  iilam  orante 

Guihlaco  aque  lederc  valuerunt. 
XXXVIII.  Qiiomodo  ncquitiam  corvorum  pertulit,  ct  qualiter   ad  voccm  illiug 
aves  heremi  et  pifces  paludis  deveniebant. 
XXXIX.  Dc  hirundinibus  in  fcapulis  ipllus  fe  iniponcntibus. 

XL.  Qiiomodo  doini   fedens   duas  manicas  a  corvis  prcdatas  hitellexit,  ct 
iterum  reiiitutas  fore  in  eadem  hora  predixit. 

XLI.  Quo- 


134  APPENDIX      TO      THE 

XLI.  Quomodo  quendam  per  quadriennium  a  maligno  fpiritu  vexatum  prif- 

tine  faluti  reftituit. 
XLIl.  Qiiomodu  comitem  Egcgan  fub  zonam  fuam  fibi  donando  ab  immundt 

fpiritus  infeftacione  difto  citius  fanavit. 
XLIIl.  Qualiter  cujufdam  abbatis  miniftrorum    longe  a  fe  pofitorum  occultum 

ciimen  manifeftando  prodebat. 
XLIV.  C>uoinodo   duobiis    clericis    ad  fe  venientibus  flafculas  binas   quas  in 

via  abfconderunt  ludibri  verborum  famine  monftravit. 
XLV.  Qualiter  rumor    virtutum    ipfius  fines  Britannic    pervagavit,    vel  quo*- 
modo  comes  quidam  taftu  veftis  iilius  fanatus  eft. 
XLVI.  Qualiter  Wilfritho  verba  que  illo  abfentc  promebat  providentie  fpiritu 

fibi  renarravit. 
XLVIl.  Quomodo  ab  epo  Headdan  ofHcium  facerdotale  accepir. 
XLVUI.  Quomodo  Ecgburge  interroganti  quis  heres  loci  ejus  p  fe,  refpondifle 
fertur  heredem  poft  fe  venturum  jam  paganum  fuilTe,  nee  adhuc 
baptizatum. 
XLIX.  Qualiter  exulem  ad  fe  venientem  confolatus,  et  regnum  fibi  mox  futu- 
rum  fore  predixit. 
L.  Quanta  egrotus  temptamenta  pertulerit,  aut  quid   de  fua  commenda- 
verit  fepultura,  quce  noviffima  mandata  forori  commendavit ;  inter 
verba  orationis  fpiritum  quomodo  emifit. 
LI.  Qualiter  corpus  ipfius  fine  corruptione  poft  duodecim  repertum  eft. 
LII.  Qualiter  poft  obitura  fuum  ^thilbaldo  tunc  exuli  vifione   nofturna  fe 
oftendit,  et  regnura  fibi  a  Sno  p  interceffionem  ipfius  donatum  mon- 
ftravit, &  ad  hec  confirmanda  fignum  dedit. 
Quomodo  cecus  qui  tot  dierum  voluminibus  lucem  a  tenebris  difcernere 

nequibat  tadu  falls  ab  eo  facrati  inluminatus  eft. 
Expliciunc  capitula. 


la 


li  I  S  T  O  R  Y     O  F     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  13^ 


In  nomine  Trino  8c  Divino.      Hie  imitatoris  Pauli  fimul  Anto- 
niique  orditur  San6li  Guthlaci  vita  legenda. 


I.  TT^UIT  itaqiie  in  diebus  Aedelredi  Inluflris  Anglor*  regis  quidam  vir  de  egregia 
X^     Merciorum  ftirpe  cognoir.ine  Peiiuvald,  cujus  manfio  in   mediterraneorum 
Anglorum  partibus  diverfarum  rerum  flu>u  pdca  conflabat. 

II.  Hujus  etiam  viri  ^genies  p  nobiliflima  inluftrium  regum  nomina  antiqua  ab 
origine  icles  *  digefto  ordine  cucurrit. 

III.  Itaq'  cum  juvenilis  evi  viii  dante  vigore  florebat  adoptata  fibi  coetanca  vir^ 
gine  int'  nobilium  puellarum  agmina  condecetis  nuptiarum  legibus  uxorem  duxit 
vocabulo  rerre,  que  a  primevis  rudimenti  fui  diebus  in  puellari  verecundia  vivere 
ftudebat. 

IV.  Evolutis  ergo  aliquor'  tempor'  curriculis  qb'  fe  conjugalis  juris  conditionib' 
indidiffent,  contigi:  humana  cogence  natura  ut  concipiens  pregnafler.  Peradtis  vero 
menfium  epidendarum  curfibus,  cum  parturiendi  tempus  immineret,  ec  vifccra  nix- 
andi  infcia  ignota  violentia  vexarentur,  excempio  ^digium  divinii  celeftis  oracuii 
portentum  circumadftantib'  et  undiq'  concurrentibus  turbis  videbatur.  Nam  plus 
omnitenens  futuror'  prefcius  cui  omnia  pfentia  pfiftunt,  figillum  manifeftandi  miiitis 
fui  in  eterne  memorationis  indicium  permifit. 

V.  Igit'  cum  nafcendi  tempus  adveniilet  niirabile  diclu,  ecce  humana  manus  cro- 
ceo  rubri  nitoris  fplcndorc  fulgelccns,  ab  eihereis  olimpi  nubib'  ad  patibulum  cu- 
jufdam  crucis  ante  oiHum  dom'  qua  fca  puerpera  future  indolis  infantulii  enixa 
eft  porrefta  videbat'. 

VI.  Cumq'  inlblito  ftupore  onis  ad  pfpiciendu  miraculu  concurrere  certabant,  en 
fubito  fignato  pdifte  domus  oflio  ethereas  in  auras  manus  redudta  abfcefiit.  Hoc 
novo  ftupefacti  ^:)digio,  omes  qui  intcrerant  in  loco  fee  apparitionis  (|5fl:rati  fuppli- 
ces  ^nis  nutab'  dnm  gtae  magnificabanr. 

VII.  Tranfaclis  v"  orationii  depcationib'  convcrtcntes  ad  invice  verfari  cepcrunr, 
quidna  efl'et  hoc  novii,  qd  plurimis  fcrupulii  excitavit.  lUis  vero  cii  immenlo  itupore 
variis  fermocinationib'  mulca  inter  Ic  conferentib',  ecce  ex  aula  ^piante  qua  fupra- 
didus  infans  nafcebatur  mulier  inmcnfa  velocitate  currens  clamabat,  "  Stabilitote 
quia  future  gte  huic  mundo  natus  c  homo."  Alii  vero  hoc  audiences,  ex  divino  pfa- 
gio  ad  manifenandu  nafcentis  glam  iilud  prodigium  fuiffe  phibebant.  Alii  autcm 
fagacioris  fententie  conjcfturis  ^pmere  cepcrunr,  hunc  ex  divina  difpenfationc  in 
ppetue  beatitudinis  pir.ia  pdeftinatu  tore. 

VI! I.  Erat  ergo  magna  admirantiu  turba,  in  tantu  ut  illius  miraculi  vagabun- 
dus  rumor  priufqua  luciflua  fobs  atlra  occiduis  fmib'  vergerent'  mediterraneoril 
Anglor'  totos  pene  terminos  implerct. 

*  Sic. 
i'  IX.  Igitur 


J36  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

IX.  Initur  decurfis  bis  quaternis  dieru  volumir.ib'  cu  ad  falutaris  lavacri  facratas 
nndulns  jjpinqiiuflet,  ex  appellatione  illiustribus  quatn  diciint  Guthlacingas  proprie- 
tatis  vocabulum  Telur  ex  celefti  conlilio  Guthlac  percej;it,  qd  ex  qualitatis  compo- 
ntione  a  (equentib'  meritis  conveniebat.  Nam  ut  illius  gentis  gnari  phibent  An2,lor' 
lingua  hoc  nomen  ex  duobus  intcgris  conRare  videt'  hue  e  Du^  &  lac,  qd  Ro- 
mani  fermonis  nuore  pfor.at  belli  munus,  quia  il!e  cu  vitiis  bcllando  munera  eternc 
beaticuinnis  cu  tiiumphali  infula  pennis  vite  pcepiflet.  Scdm  aptm  dicente,  "  Beatus 
vir  qui  fufl'ert  temptatlone,  qm  cum  ^batus  fuerit  accipiet  corona  vite  qua  repinifit 
dominus  diligentib'  fe." 

X.  Poflqua  ergo  facrati  fontis  limphis  fpiritalib'  divino  gubernante  numine  abluit 
parentu  delicla,  infans  mire  indolentie  nobilib'  antiquor'  difciplinis  aulis  in  pa- 
teriiis  imbuebatur. 

XI.  Igic'  tranfcenfis  infantie  fue  temporib'  cu  fari  pueriiiter  teptabat  nuUius  ino- 
Jeftie  parentib'  nutricibufve  feu  coetaneis  parvuloru  coetib'  fuit  ;  non  pueror'  laf- 
civiaSj  non  garrula  matronaiu  deliramenta,  non  vanas  vulgi  labulas,  non  ruricola- 
rum  bardigiofas  *  vagitusf,  non  falfidicas  parafitoru  fribulas,  non  variorii  volucru 
diverfas  crocitus,  ut  adfolet  ilia  ietas,  imitabatur.  Sed  eximia  fagacitate  pollens, 
hilari  facie,  fmcera  niente,  manfueto  animo,  fimplici  vultu,  in  piecate  partntibus, 
in  obedientia  feniorib',  in  deleilione  coetaneis,  nemine  feducens,  nemine  incre- 
pans,  nemine  fcandalizans,  nulli  malum  ^p  malo  reddens,  aequanimis  cunvertit.  Erat 
enim  in  ipfo  radefcens  nitor  fpiiitalis  luminis,  ut  p  oma  omnib'  quid  venturus 
eflet  monllraretur. 

XII.  Igit'  cu  adolefcentie  vires  increviffent,  &  juveniii  in  peflore  egregius  domi- 
naudi  amor  fcrvefcerer,  tunc  valida  pftinor'  herou  fafla  reminifcens  veluti  ex  fo- 
pore  evigilatus  mutata  mente  adgregatis  fatellitu  turmis  fefe  in  arroa  convertit.  Et 
Gu  adverfantiu  fibi  urbes  &  villas,  vicos  &  callella  igne  ferroq'  vaftaret,  conrofis 
undiq' divcrfaru  gentiu  fociis  inmenfas  predas  gregaffet ;  tunc  velut  ex  divino  con- 
fjlio  edoflus  tertia  parte  adgregate  gaze  poflidentibus  remittebat. 

XIII.  Igitur  tranlcurfis  nove  circiter  annor'  orbibus  qb'  pfecutor'  fuor'  adver- 
fantiuq'  hortiij  famofii  excidii^i  crebris  vaftationu  fragorib'  pegiffet,  tande  defeffis 
vinbus  pod  tot  predas,  cedes,  rapinafq'  que  arma  triverat,  laflus  quievit.  Itaq' 
cu  fupradiiflus  vir  beate  memorie  Guthlac  int'  dubios  volventis  temporis  eventus, 
&:  Htras  caliginofe  vite  nebulas  flu£luantes  int'  feculi  gurgites  jactaret',  quada  nofte 
du  feffa  membra  folite  quieti  dimitteret,  &  adfueto  more  vagabunda  mente  folli- 
citus  curas  mortales  intenta  meditaiione  cogitaret,  miru  diftu  extemplo  velut  pculfus 
pe^ore  fpiritalis  flamma  oiTia  [icordia  fupra  memorati  viri  incendere  cepit.  Na 
cu  antiquor'  regu  flirpis  fue  p  tranfadla  retro  fecula  milerabiles  exitus  &  fiagitiofi: 
vite  terminu  conteplaret',  necn'  &  caducas  mundi  divitias,  contemptibilemq'  tempora- 
lis vite  gloriam  pvigili  mente  confideraret,  tunc  fibi  (Pprii  obitus  fui  imaginata  forma 
oftendif,  &  inevitabilem  brevis  vite  curiola  mente  horrefcens  curfum,  quotidie  ad 
finem  cogirabat,  immo  etiam  audiffe  fe  recordabatur,  ne  in  hieme  vel  fabbato  fuga 
vra  fiat.  Hec  et  alia  his  Cmilia  eo  cogitatante,  ecce  fubito  inftigante  divino  nu- 
ndoe  fe  ipfum  famulum  Xpi  venturum  fore  fi  in  craflinum  vitam  fervaflet  devovit. 

*  Bardu»,  llultus.     Du  Cange  in  voc.  f  Cichinnationes. 

^  XIV.  Ergo 


H  I  S  T  O  tl  Y     O  F     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  137 

XIV.  Ergo  exutis  umbrofe  no£lis  callgini!)'  cum  fol  inortalib'  egris  igneum  de- 
moverat  ortum  in  quo  niatutini  volucres  avido  forcipe  pipanr,  tunc  indutos  artus 
agrcfti  de  fpatulo  furgens  arrexit,  &  fignato  cordis  gremio  falutari  figillo  fe  comi- 
tantib*  prccepit,;_ut  ducem  alium  icineris  fui  elegiffent,  nam  fc  divine  fervituti  defti- 
nafle  phibebar.  Hoc  audito,  comites  ipfms  inmenfo  pculfi  ftupore,  fupplicib'  ob- 
fecrationib'  ne  hoc  quod  dicebat  incepiffet  exorabant.  Qui  conceptis  eor'  pS\h' 
in  eo  quod  inceperat  immotus  pftabat.  Ita  enim  in  illo  divine  gre  iuflaminario  fla- 
grabat,  ut  non  folum  regalis  indolcntie  revcreniiam  defpiceret,  fed  parcntes  ct 
patriam  comicefq'  aJolefcentie  fue  contempfit. 

XV.  Nam  cum  vev.n\s  fue  vicefimum  quartum  annum  pegiffet,  abrenunciatis 
fecularib'  pompis  fpem  indubie  fidei  fixam  in  Xpo  tenebat.  Et  in  accepto  itinere 
reliftis  omibus  fuis  monafterium  quod  Anglor'  vocabulo  nuncupat'  Hripadun  ulq' 
pvenit,  in  quo  mifticam  Sci  Petri  aplor'  ,pceiis  tonfuram  accepit  fub  abbatilfa  no- 
mine Aelfdrid,  ac  deinde  accepto  clericali  habitu,  preteiita  piacula  expiate  cer- 
tabat.  Ab  i!lo  enim  tempore  quo  aplice  tonfure  indicium  fufcepit,  non  ullius  ine- 
briantis  liquoris  aut  alicujus  delicati  libaminis  hauftum  excepto  coinunicationis  tem- 
pore guftavit. 

XVI.  Hac  igitur  ex  caufa  omib'  frib'  illic  cohabitantib*  afpero  odio  habehatur. 
Probantes  vero  vite  illius  finceritatem  et  ferene  mentis  modeftiam,  cundlor'  animos  in 
affectum  fue  karitatis  convertit.  Erat  enim  forma  pcipuus,  corpore  caflus,  facie 
decorus,  mente  devotus,  afpeflu  diledtus,  fapientia  imbutus,  vultu  floridus,  pru- 
dentia  pditus,  colloquio  blandus,  temperantia  modeflus,  interna  fortitudine  robuftus, 
cenfura  jufticie  ftabilis,  longanimitatc  patiens,  patientia  firmus,  humilitate  fubjec- 
tus,  karitate  follicitus.  Ita  enim  omium  viitutum  decorem  fapientia  in  eo  adorna- 
bat,  ut  scttm  aptm  fermo  illis  femp  fale  divine  grae  conditus  fulgebat. 

XVII.  Dum  enim  litteris  edoftus  Pfairaor'  canticum  difcere  maluiflet,  tunc  fru- 
gifera  fupra  memorati  viri  pcordia  rofcidis  roris  ccleftis  imbrib'  divina  gra  ubertim 
rigabat.  Sumis  autem  providentib'  magiftris  Sc  auxiliante  gra  fupne  pictatis  facris 
litteris  &  monafticis  difciplinis  erudiebatur. 

XVIII.  Igit'  pfaimis,  canticis,  himnis,  orationib'  moribufque  ecclefiafticis  p  bien- 
nium  inbutus,  ^pias  fingulor'  fecum  cohabitantium  virtutes  imitari  ftudebat.  Illius 
enim  obedientiam,  illius  humilitatem,  ipfius  patientiam,  altcrius  longanimitatem,  illor* 
abftinentiam,  utrifque  finceritatem,  omnium  temperantiam,  cuniflor'  fuavitarem,  &  ut 
brevius  dicam,  omium  in  omnib'  imitabatur  virtutes. 

XIX.  Decurfis  itaque  bis  denis  bis  binifque  menfium  circulis,  quibus  fub  cleri- 
cali habitu  vitam  immenfe  moderancie  pegit,  heremum  cum  curiofo  eximie  foilicitu- 
dinis  animo  petere  meditabatur.  Dum  enim  prifcorum  monachor'  folitariam  vitam 
legebat,  turn  Tluminato  cordis  gremio  avida  cupidine  heremum  querere  fervebat. 
Nee  plura  intvcnientib'  aliquot'  dierum  curfib'  cum  fenior'  licita  volentia  incepto 
eterne  j)fperitatis  itinere  folitudinem  invenire  perrexit. 

Eft  in  mediterraneorum  Anglorum  Britannic  partib'  inmenfe  magnitudinis  acer- 
rima  palus  que  a  Gronte  fluminis  ripis  incipiens,  hand  ,pcul  a  cailcllo  quem  di- 
cunt  nomine  Gronte,  nunc  in  ftagnis,  nunc  fladlris  *,  interdum  nigris  fufi  vaporis  la- 

*  FiaHcria,  Jiaco,  a  collev'lion  of  iliignated  waters.     Du  Cangc. 

<S   2  ticib' 


138  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

ticih'  necnon  crebris  infulanim  nemorib'  imvenientib'  8c  flexuofis  vivigarum  an- 
fractib'  ab  aullro  in  aquilonem  mare  teiius  longiirimo  traftu  fptenditiir.  Igit'  cum 
fupradictus  vir  beate  memorie  Guthlac  illic  vadiffime  heremi  inculta  loca  reppe- 
rifTet,  celeflibus  auxiliis  ad)utus  recftilTimo  callis  rramite  prexit.  Contigit  ergo  cuai 
a  proxiinaiuibiis  accolis  illius  folitudinis  exoientiam  fcifcitaretur,  illifq'  plurima 
ipfius  fpatiofi  heremi  incuha  narrantibus,  ccce  quidam  de  illic  addantibus  nomine 
ratuume,  le  fciffe  aliquani  infulam  in  abd'uis  reitiocioris  heremi  partib'  adfere- 
bat,  quam  muln  iiihabicare  temptantes  .ppt'  incognita  heremi  monftra  8c  diverfarum 
formarum  terrores  amiferant.  Quo  audito  vir  beate  recordationis  Guthlac,  ilium 
locum  raonftrari  fibi  a  narrante  efflagitabat.  Ipfe  autem  imperils  viri  Dei  annuens 
arrepta  pifcatoria  Icafula,  p  invia  lullra  int'  atre  paludis  margines  Xpo  viatore 
ad  pdiftam  infulam  que  lingua  Anglorum  Crouland  vocat'  pvenit,  que  ante  ^ipt' 
remotioris  heremi  folitudinem  incfilta  8c  ignota  manebat.  Nullus  hanc  ante  t"a- 
mulum  Xpi  Guthlacum  folus  habitare  co'.onus  valebat,  ^^pt'  videlicet  illic  demo- 
rantium  demonum  fantafias,  in  qua  vir  Dei  Guthlac,  contempto  hofte,  celedi  auxi- 
lio  adjutus,  int'  umbrofa  folitudinis  nemora  folus  habitare  cepit.  Contigit  enim 
divini  difpenfante  ^videntia  ut  eftivis  temporib'  die  quo  Sci  Bartholomei  miffa 
venerari  debet  infulam  Cruland  beatus  Guthlac  deveniltet,  qui  in  Sci  Bartholomei 
auxiliis  cum  omi  fiducia  heremum  habitare  ceperat.  Igit'  adamato  illius  loci  ab- 
dito  fuu,  velut  a  Deo  fibi  donato,  onis  dies  vite  fue  illic  degere  dire£ta  mente  de- 
voverat. 

XXVI.  Aliquot  itaq'  dieb'  irtic  pmanens,  oma  queq'  Illius  loci  diligenti  invcf- 
tigatione  confiderans  verfari  cepi:,  ut  ad  fodalium  fuor'  conloquia  pvenirer,  quos 
fibi  eximie  fratnitatis  karitas  in  gremio  catholice  congregationis  jungebat.  Nam 
cos  ante  infalutatos  dimittebat,  iterum  rcfalutacis  fe  comendare  difpofuit.  Interea 
monalib'  egris  lux  craflina  demoverat  ortum,  cum  ille  unde  egreffus  remeare  cepe- 
rat. Itaq'  intvenientibus  tertrigenarum  dierum  curriculis  ut  fodales  fuos  fraternis 
comendarat  falutationib'  ad  fupradidlum  locum  quafi  ad  patne  hereditatis  habitacu- 
lum  binis  ilium  comitantib'  pueris  unde  pvenit  rcgreflus  eft. 

XXVTI.  Deinde  pafto  icinere  die  odava  kalendarum  Septembrium  quo  Sci  Bar- 
tholomei folemnitas  celebrari  afiblet,  in  cujus  fuffragio  oriia  incepta  heremi  habi- 
tandi  ex  divina  ^videntia  inchoaverat  Crouland  pvenit.  Krat  ergo  anno  circit' 
XXVI.  cum  fe  inter  nubilofos  remotioris  heremi  lucos  cum  celefti  adjutorio  veri 
Dei  militem  eile  ^ppofuit.  Delde  pcinftus  fpiritalib'  armis  adverfus  teterrimi  hoftis  in- 
Cdias  fcutum  fiJei,  loricam  fpei,  galeam  caftitatis,  arcum  patientie,  fagittas  pfalmodie 
lefe  in  aciem  firmans  arripuit.  Tante  enim  fiducie  erat,  ut  int'  torridas  tartari  tur- 
mas  fefe  contempto  hofte  injecerar.  O  quam  admiranda  ell  divine  miferacionis  in- 
dulgentia,  8c  quantum  glorificanda  fit  paterne  dileftionis  jDvidentia,  in  quantum 
laudanda  in  ttne  deitatis  pdeftinatio,  quam  infcrutabilia  funt  perpetui  judicis  arbi- 
tria,  ut  apts  confirmat,  quam  infcrutabilia  funtjudicia  ej'  8c  inveftigabiles  vie  ej' 
8c  fl'.  Nam  ficut  egregium  doflorem  gentium  Damafcum  pgentem  quem  ante 
I'ecula  evangelium  filii  fui  nuntiarc  pdeflinavit  de  tenebrofi  Judeor'  erroris  caligine 
celefti  voce  deduxit,  fie  8c  fee  memorie  virum  Guthlac  de  tumido  eftuantis  feculi 
our<'-ite,  de  obliquis  mortalis  evi  anfra(fbb'  de  atris  vergentis  mundi  faucib'  ad  ppe- 
tuatn  beatitudinis  miliiiam,  ad  re^ti  itineris  callem,  ad  veri  luminis  (pfpe^lum  pduxit, 

8c 


H  I  S  T  O  II  Y     O  F     C  11  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  139 

&  non  folum  pfentis  feculi  famofa  venerantia  beavit,  fed  in  gaudio  pennis  gte 
etne  beatitudini  conftituit,  ficut  aplica  Veritas  de-j^mfir,  "  quos  pdcftinavit  hos  & 
vocavit,  quos  aiitem  vocavit  illos  glorificavit,"  &  rl'. 

XXVIII.  I^ntur  ut  de  Sci  Gutlilaci  folitaria  vita  ficin  ^ppofui  fcribcre  exordiar, 
qvie  a  frequentatoiibiis  ej'  Wlfrido  &:  Cilfan  audivi,  eodem  ordine  quo  a)i!i[)eii 
eafdeni  res  narrate  curabo.  Erat  itaq'  ia  prefata  infula  tumulus  agrellib'  glcbis 
coacervatu<;,  quern  olim  avari  Iblitudinis  frequentatures  ergo  lucri  illic  adquircndi 
defodientes  fcindebanr,  in  cujus  latere  velut  cKlerna  inefle  videbaiur,  in  qua  vir 
beate  memorie  Guthlac  defnp  inpofito  tugurio  habitare  cepir.  Vice  lirilicet  illius 
hec  immota  ortonomia  fuir,  ita  ut  ab  illo  tempore  quo  heremum  habitare  ceperr.t, 
non  ianeo  nee  lineo  vellimine,  nee  alterius  ciijufcunq'  delicate  vellis  tegminib'  ufus 
eft,  fed  in  pelliciis  veftib'  oms  dies  folitarie  converfationis  fue  exigebat.  Coti- 
diane  ergo  vite  ipfius  tanta  temperanria  fuit  ut  ab  illo  tempore  quo  lieienuim 
habitare  ceperat,  excepto  ordeacii  panis  particula  &  luculente  aque  poculamenta 
poll  iolis  occafum  nuUius  alicujus  aliraenti  ufib'  vefceretur.  Nan:i  cum  fol  occiduis 
finib'  vergeretur  tunc  parvam  annonam  monalis  vite  cum  gr'arum  aftione  guftabit 
falubrit'. 

XXIX.  Sub  eodem  denique  tempore  quo  pfatus  vir  beate  memorie  hereini- 
tare  initiavit,  cum  quadam  die  adfueta  confuetudine  pfalmis  canticifque  incumberet, 
tunc  aiuiquus  holVis  prolis  humane  ceu  leo  rugiens  p  vafti  etheris  fpatia  terra  nu- 
mina  commutans  novas  artes  novo  peftore  verfat.  Dum  enim  omnes  nequitie  fue 
vires  verfuta  mente  temptaret,  tunc  veluti  ab  extenfo  arcu  vencnifluam  defperatio- 
nis  fagittam  totis  viribus  jacuhivit,  quoufque  in  Xpi  militis  mentis  umbone  deiixa 
pependit.  Interea  cum  telum  taxicum  atri  veneni  fuccum  infunderet,  tuni  miles 
Xpi  totis  fenfibus  turbatus  de  eo  quod  inceperat  defperare  cepir,  &  hue  iilucque 
turbulentum  animum  coiiverten?,  quo  folo  Icderct  nefciebat.  Nam  cum  fua  ante 
commiffa  crimina  immenfi  ponderis  fuifle  medicabarur,  tunc  fibi  de  fe  ablueri  non 
poffe  videbatur.  In  tantum  enim  defperare  cepit,  ut  infinitum  &  importabile  opus 
fe  incepiffe  putaflet.  Deinde  Xpi  famukis  trium  dierum  vicillitudinibus  quo  fe  ver- 
teret  nelciebar.  Die  autem  tertio  fequenti  nofle  cum  validiflimus  Xpi  miles  robnf- 
ta  mente  peftiferis  meditationibus  refiifteret  velut  ^pphetico  fpiritu  pfallere  cepir, 
"  in  tribulatione  mea  invocavi  dnm,"  &  rl';  ecce  beatus  Bartholomeus  fidus  auxi- 
liator  in  matutinis  vigiliis  fefe  coram  obtutibus  illius  optulir,  ncc  lopor  illud  erat, 
fed  palam  fplendentis  celicole  agnovit  vukum.  Igitur  vir  pfatus  veluti  miles  in- 
ter denfas  acies  dimicans,  cum  celeile  adjutorium  angelice  lucis  adventalle  pfcntilfct, 
extemplo  dilcuffis  nefandarum  cogitationum  nebulis  inluminato  lurbulenti  pectoris 
gremio  velut  triumphali  voce  pfallebat  aiens,  "  Dns  ffii  adjutor  e,  &:  ego  videbo  ini- 
micos  meos,"  &  rl'.  Exin'  Scs  Kartholomeus  coram  eo  gfillens,  ilium  pceptis  fpiri- 
talibus  adjutorem  fui  venturum  fore.  Scs  autem  Guthlac  his  auditis  &  cretiitis  fi- 
deliffimi  amici  fui  diesis  fpiritali  gaudio  repletus,  indilVolutam  cximie  valitudinis  fi- 
dem  in  Dlio  Jefu  defixit.  Nam  ex  primi  certaminis  triumphali  lucceffu  fpem  f  uturam 
viflorie  robufto  peftore  firmabat.  Ex  illo  enim  tempoie  nunquam  Zabulus  advcr- 
fus  ilium  defperationis  arma  arripuir,  quia  ab  illo  lerail  intracto  contra  ilium 
ultra  prevalere  ncquiverunr. 

XXX. 


I40  APPENDIX         T     ()         T     II     E 

XXX.  CTuadam  qq'  die  dum  de  converfationis  fue  quotidiano  moderamine  medi- 
taret,  fubito  coram  illo  vclut  ex  acre  lapfi  efferis  vuliib'  duo  Zabuli  humano  habitu 
fe  obtulcrunr,  ac  veluti  cum  familiar!  liducia  loqui  cum  illo  exorfi  funt,  dicentes, 
"  Nos  expti  fumus  te,  &  fidei  tue  valitudine  compimus,  pfeverantiaq'  patientie  tue 
invincibile  ^pbantes  variaru  artiij  adveii'us  te  arma  iufccpimus,  ^pterea  infultare  tibi 
ultra  delillere  conafnr,  &  n'  lolu  ^politi  tui  ortonomias  difrupe  nolumus,  fed  re 
aiitiqoru  heremitaru  converfationes  erudiemus.  iVIoyles  eni  &c  Helias  &  ipfe  hu- 
inane  ^pfapie  falvator  primo  omiii  ad  jejunii  fafligia  confcenderunt,  fed  &  famofi 
illi  monachi  habitantes  Egiptij  humane  infirmitatis  vitia  in  ablHnentie  framea  interi- 
mebant.  Et  idcirco  fi  tu  vis  ante  cpmifla  crimina  abluere,  imminentia  necare,  carne 
tua  abflinentie  flagellis  adflige,  &  animi  hie  viokntia  jejunis  faucib'  frange.  Quanto 
ciii  in  hoc  feculo  frangeris,  tanto  in  ppetuu  folidaris,  Sc  quanto  in  pfenti  adfligeris, 
lanto  in  futuro  gaudebis.  Na  cii  jejunis  (pftratus,  tunc  excelfius  cora  Deo  ele- 
veris.  Jejuniu  ergo  ii  bidui  aut  tridui,  aut  quotidiane  abftinentie  gallrimargia  fit, 
fed  feptenaru  dierii  valida  cafligatio  jejuniij  eft-,  ficut  enim  fex  diebus  ds  mundi 
plafma  formavit,  &  feptimo  die  requievit,  ita  etia  hominc  decet  fex  diebus  p  jejunii 
f)lafma  ( pu  reformari,  &  feptimo  die  comedendo  carni  requiem  dare."  His  auditis 
beatus  Guthlac  exfurgens  pfallebat,  •'  Convertant'  inimici  mei  retrorsij,"  &  fl'.  Quo 
fado  holHs  ftrofofus  *  velut  fumus  a  facie  ejus  vacuas  in  auras  cvanuit.  Ille  vero 
Zabuliticum  magiflerium  defpiciens,  ne  ullus  locus  cfentiendi  in  illis  in  eo  videretur 
tunc  affumpta  ordeacii  panis  particula  vi6tum  fuum  quotidianum  vefceri  cepit.  Ma- 
ligni  vero  sps  contemptos  fe  elle  intelligentes,  lacrimofo  clamore,  flebili  ululatu, 
diverfifq.  fingultibus  plangentes,  late  loca  meflis  queftibus  impleverunt.  Exin  vir 
Dei  inniundorum  fpirituum  fantafmata  pcepto  ubi  que  certandi  brachio  contemfit. 

XXXI.  E  idem  fere  tempus,  paucis  intervientibus  dicrum  curfibus,  cum  vir  beate 
memorie  Guthlac  adfueto  more  vigil  intermiffis  orationibus  cujiiidam  noitis  intempeflo 
tempore  pl^aret,  en  fubito  teterrimis  inmundorum  fpirituum  tatervis,  totam  cellam 
fuam  impleri  confpexit ;  fubeuntibus  enim  ab  undiq'  illis  porta  patebat.  Nam  p  crip- 
tas  &cratulas  intrantibus  non  vinfture  valvarum,  non  foramina  craiium,  illis  ingreffum 
negabant,  fed  celo  terraque  erumpentes  fpatlum  totius  aeris  fufcis  nubibus  tege- 
banr.  Erant  enim  afpedlu  truces,  forma  terribiles,  capitib'  magnis,  collib'  longis, 
macilenta  facie,  lurido  vultu,  fqualida  barba,  auribus  hifpidis,  ' rente  torva,  truci- 
bus  oculis,  ore  fetido,  dentibus  equineis,  gutture  flumivomo,  faucibus  tortis,  labro 
lato,  vocibns  horrifonis,  comis  obudis,  buccula  craiTa,  pe<flore  arduo,  temoribus 
fcabris,  genibus  nodatis,  cruribus  uncis,  talo  tumido,  plantis  averfis,  ore  patulo,  cla- 
mnribus  raucifonis.  Ita  enim  inmenfis  vagitib'  horreicere  audiebantur,  ut  tota  pcne 
a  celo  in  terram  inter  crepidiiiem  cl.ingifonis  boatibus  implerent.  Ncc  mora  ingru- 
entes  ingruentefq'  domum  ac  caftellum,  di(fto  citius  virum  pfatum  ligatis  membris  ex- 
tra cellulam  fuam  duxerunt,  &  addu61ura  in  atre  paludis  cenofis  laticibus  inmerfe- 
runt.  Deinde  afportantes  ilium  p  paludis  afperrima  loca  inter  denliffima  veprium 
vimina  dilaceratis  membrorum  compaginibus  trahebant.  Inter  hec  cum  magnani 
partem  umbrofe  no<flis  in  illis  afflicHonibus  cxigebant,  fiftere  ilium  paulifp  fece- 
runt,  ac  impantes  fibi  ut  de  heremo  difcedilfct.     Ille  ftabilita  mente  tandem  refpon- 

*  Strnfariu!,  Jirofofus,  jmpoilor,  fraudator.     Gloflar.  liidoii.  Du  Cange, 

dit 


II  I  S  T  O  11  Y     OF     C  II  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  141 

(Jit  ^phetico  velut  ore  p(^'.llcbat,  "  Dfis  a  dextris  efl:  mi,  nee  commovear,"  &  itcruin 
affumi>ris  flagcUis  velut  ferieis  eum  verberarc  ceperanr.  Cum  autem  11  innumerabi- 
lia  tor'mioi'  genera,  p  fl^gellarum  fcrrearum  vcrbera  ilium  immota  mente,  robufla 
fiJe,  in  eo  quod  incepat  prtare  vidercnt,  horridis  alarum  ftridoribus  inter  nubite- 
ra  gelid!  aeris  fpatia  ilium  fubvcftare  cepcrunt.  Dum  ergo  ad  ardua  aeris  culmina 
deventum  eft  horrcndum  di<^u  ecce  feptentrionalis  Ccli  plaga  fufcls  atrarum  nul-i- 
um  caliginib'  nigrelcere  videbatur.  Innumerabiles  enim  inmundor'  fpirituum  alas 
in  obviam  dehinc  venire  cerneres.  Conjunolis  itaquc  in  unum  turmis,  cum  immen- 
fo  clamore  levas  in  auras  iter  vertentes,  (upra  memoratum  Xpi  famulum  Guthlac  ad 
nefandas  tartari  fauces  ufq'  pducunt;  ille  iio  fumigantes  eftuantis  inferni  cavern.+s 
^fpe£lans,  oma  tormenta  que  prius  a  malignis  fpiritib'  ppefTus  efl  tamquam  non  ipfo 
patcretur  oblivifcebatur.  Ncn  folum  enim  flufluantium  flammarum  ignivom-is  gur- 
gites  illic  turgefcere  cerneres,  immo  ctiam  fulphureos  glaciuli  grandine  mixtos  ver- 
tices globis  fparginibus  fidera  pene  tangentes  videbantur.  Maligni  vero  sps  inter  fa- 
villantium  voraginum  atras  cavernas  difcurrentes,  raiferabili  fatu  animas  inipiorum 
diverhs  cruciatuum  generibus  torquebant.  Igitur  vir  Dei  Guthlac  cum  innumerabiles 
tormentor'  fpecies  horrefceret,  fatellitum  fibi  velut  ex  uno  ore  turme  clamabant  di- 
centes ;  "  Ecce  nobis  potcftjs  data  efl;  te  trudere  in  has  penas,  &  illic  in  atrocillima- 
rum  gehennarum  tormto  variis  cruciatibus  nobis  te  torqucre  commiflum  c(K  En  ig- 
nis quern  accendifti  in  deliciis  tuis  te  confumere  paratus  eft,  en  tibi  patulis  hiatibus 
igniflua  herebi  hoftia  patelcunt.  Nunc  ftigie  fibre  te  vorare  ma!ut:t,  tibi  quoque 
eftivi  acherontis  voragines  horrendis  taucibus  hifcunt."  Sed  illis  hec  S:  alia  plurima 
his  fimilia  dicentibus,  vir  Dei  minas  eorum  defpiciens,  inmotis  fenfibus  ftabili  ani- 
mo,  fobria  mente,  refpondens  aiebat,  "  Ve  vobis  filii  tenebrarum,  femcn  Cam,  favilla 
cineris,  fi  vre  potentie  fit  iftis  me  tradere  penis,  en  preflo  lum,  ut  quid  falli  vomis 
pecloribus  vanas  minas  de^mitis." 

XXXII.  Illis  vero  veluti  adtrudendum  ilium  in  pfentium  tormentor'  gchennas  fefe 
pcingentibus,  ecce  Si:s  Bartholomeus  cum  ;nmen!o  celeftis  lucis  fplendore,  medias  fu- 
ture no(^is  infufo  lumine  intrumpens  tenebras  fefe  ab  ethereis  fedibus  radiantis  olimpi 
coram  illis  aureo  fulgore  amiftus  optulit.  Maligni  vero  sps  non  fuftinenres  celeft  s 
fplendoris  fulgorem  frendere,  fugere,  tremere  ceperunt  Scs  vero  Guthlac  adven- 
tum  fideliffimi  auxiliatoris  fni  pfeniiens,   fpirituali  letitia  repletus,  gavilus  eft. 

XXXIII.  Tunc  deinde  Scs  Bartholomeus  catei  vis  fiUellitum  jubet  ut  ilium  in  lo- 
cum fuum  cum  magna  quietudine  fine  ulla  otfenfionis  moleftia  reducerent.  Nee 
mora  pceptis  aplicis  obtemperantes,  diflo  citius  jufTa  facefTunt.  Nam  ilium  reve- 
hentes  cum  nimia  luavitate  velut  quietifF.mo  alarum  remigio,  ita  ut  nee  in  curm 
nee  &  navi  modeftius  duci  potuilfet,  fubvolabant.  Dum  vero  ad  media  arris  fpaiia 
devenilfent  fonus  pfallentium  convenient',  audiebant  dicens,  "  Ibunt  fci  de  vir- 
tute  in  virtutem,"  &  fl'.  Immineme  ergo  aurora  cum  Ibl  nocturnas  celo  demove- 
rat  umbras  pfat'  Xpi  athleta  adepto  de  hoftibus  triumpho  in  eodem  ftatu  a  quo 
prius  tranflatus  eft  grates  Xpo  pfolvens  conftirit.  Dein  cum  fblito  more  matutinas 
iaudes  Diio  jhu  impenderet,  paulifp  lumina  devertens,  a  finiftra  llantes  duos  fatcl- 
lites  lugentes,  fibi  p  ceteris  aliis  notos  confpicit.  Quos  cum  interrogafl'et  quid  plo« 
raflent,  refponderunt.  "  Vires  iiras  ubique  pte  frac^as  higemns,  &  inertiam  nram 
adverlus  valitudinem  tuam  ploramus.  Non  enim  te  tangere,  aut  ^ppinquare  aude- 
mus.''     Hec  dicentes,  velut  fumus  a  facie  ejus  cvanuerunt. 

XXXI Y. 


142  APPENDIX         TO         THE 

XXXIV.  ConnjiC  i'aque  in  diebus  Coinredi  regis  Mercioriim,  cum  Brittones  in- 
fcili  holies  Saxonici  generis,  bellis,  predis,  publicilque  vaftationibus,  Anglor'  gen- 
tcm  detiirbarenr,  qiiadam  nofle  gallicinali  tempore,  quo  more  folito  vir  beate  mc- 
moric  Gutlilac  orationum  vigiliis  incumberet,  extemplo  cum  veluc  iraaginato  ibporc 
opprimeretur,  vifum  eum  fibi  tumultuantis  turbe  audilTe  clamorem.  Tunc  di<flo  ci- 
tiiis  levi  lomno  expgefaftus,  extra  cellulam  qua  ledebat  egreffus  eft,  &c  arieftis  au- 
ribus  adilans  verba  loquentis  vulgi  Brictonicaque  agmina  teftis  fuccedere  agnof- 
cit.  Nam  ille  aliorum  tcmporum  pteritis  voluminibus  inter  illos  exulabat  quoad 
ufque  eorum  ftrimulentas  loquelas  intciligere  valuit.  Nee  mora  p  paUiftria  redtis 
fubvenire  certanres,  eodem  pene  momento  cms  doraus  fuas  flamma  fuperante  ardere 
confpicir.  Ilium  qucque  vero  intercientes,  acucis  haftarum  fpiculis  in  auras  levare 
ccperunt.  Cum  vero  vir  Dei  tandem  hoftis  pellacis  millenis  arcibus,  millenas  for- 
mas  pfenriens,  velur  ^iphetico  ore  iexagefimi  feptimi  Pfalmi  verlura  primum  pfalle- 
bat.  "  Exfurgat  S^,"  &  it.  Quo  audito,  ditto  velocius  eodem  momento  omnes  de- 
monior'  turme,  velut  fumus  a  facie  ejus  evanuerunt- 

XXXV.  Poll  non  multum  temporis  cum  vir  vite  venerabiiis  Guchlac  contra  infi- 
dias  lubrici  hoftis  fepe  certando  triumphabat,  ecce  Zabulus  vires  fuas  fra(f>as  com- 
periens,  novas  verfutias  adverfus  eum  fub  taxico  pcftore  verfari  cepit.  Erat  enira 
quidam  clericus  nomine  Becel  qui  fe  ipfum  famulum  fieri  tanti  viri  fponte  optuiit, 
ac  fub  difciplinis  ipfius  cade  Deo  viverc  ^pofuit.  Hujus  pcordia  malignus  sps  in- 
greflus  pediferis  vane  gte  faftibus  ilium  inflate  cepit,  ac  deinde  pro  quo  tumidus 
vanis  fallus  flatibus  ilium  feduxit.  Admonere  ipfum  quoque  exorfus  eft,  ut  dnni 
fuura  fub  cujns  difciplinis  Deo  vivere  initiavit,  arrepta  letali  machera  necare,  hoc  ip- 
fuis  aniino  ^pponens,  ut  fi  ipfum  interimere  potuifTet,  locum  ipfius  poftea  cum  ma- 
xima regum  principumque  venerantia  liabiturus  foret.  Quadam  ergo  die  cum  pfatus 
clericus  virum  Dei  Guthlacum  ut  adfolebat  p  bis  binos  dierum  tonderare  deveniifet, 
iftlem  ingenti  dementia  vexatur  viri  Dei  inmenfo  defiderio  fanguine  ficiens,  indubius 
ilium  occidere  fucceffit.  Tunc  Scs  Dei  Gutlilac  cui  ctnus  aftidue  futuror'  pfcntiam 
manifellabLit,  comperto  novo  fceleris  piaculo  ilium  fcikitari  cepit  dicens,  "  O  mi 
Becel,  ut  quid  hebido  fub  pecftore  antiquum  hoftem  occultas  ?  Quas  amari  veneni 
movtifcras  non  vomis.  Scio  enim  te  a  maligno  spu  deceptum.  Qiiapiopter  flagi- 
tiofas  meditationes  quas  tibi  generis  humani  hoftilis  criminator  inferuit,  ab  illis  con- 
vcrtendo  confitere."  Turn  ille  cum  fe  a  maligno  spu  feduflum  intellcxiffet,  ^pfter- 
nere  fe  ad  [  eJes  fanfti  viri  Guthlaci,  deliftum  fuum  lacrimabili  voce  confeiTus,  fup- 
plex  veniam  orabat.  Itaque  vir  beate  memorie  Guthlac  non  fo'.um  illius  culpe  ve- 
iiiam  iiiduhir,  fed  in  futuris  tribulationibus  adjutorem  illius  ie  venturum  fore  pro- 
mi  ft. 

XXXVI.  Verum  quia  fupius  quantum  ifdem  venerabiiis  Guthlac  adverfus  feras 
ap-.Mtafque  diaboli  infidias  vaiuit  explicavimus,  nunc  quoque  quid  adverfus  fimulatici- 
as  malignorum  fpirituum  fraudcs  pvaluit  cxponcmus.  lifdem  fere  temporibus 
cum  vir  fepe  mcmoratus  quadam  node  in  afTiduis  orationibus  affueto  more  pftaret, 
ingenil  foniiu  totam  infulam  qua  federet  tremcre  circumputabat.  Deinde  parvi 
tempoiis  fuccedente  intervallo,  ecce  fubito  velut  concurrentium  armentorum  crepi- 
tum  cum  magno  terre  tremore  domui  fuccedere  exaudiebat.  Nee  mora  domum  ab 
undi([ue  inrumpcntes,  variorum  mondrorum  diveilas  figuras  introire  pfpicit'.    Nam 

Ico 


HISTORY     OF    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  143 

leo  rngiens,  dentibus  fanguincis  morfus  rabidos  iinminebat.  Taurus  veib  mugiians 
unguibus  terrain  detodicns,  cornu  ciuentum  folo  dcfigcbit.  Uiius  denique  inticn- 
dens  validis  iftibus  brachia  coinmiiians,  verbera  ^pmittebat.  Coluber  quoque  fqua- 
mea  colla  porrigcus  indicia  atri  veneni  monflrabar.  Et  ut  brevi  fcnrone  conclu- 
dam,  aper  grunnitum,  lupus  ululatum,  equus  hinnituni,  cervus  axatum,  Terpens 
fibilum,  bos  balatum,  corvus  crocitum,  ad  turbanuurn  veri  Dei  verum  militem  horri- 
fonis  vocibus  ftridebant.  Scs  itaque  Xpi  fauiulus,  armato  corde  iigno  fulutari,  hee 
oma  fantafmatum  genera  defpiciens,  his  vocibus  uliis  aiebac :  "  O  muerrime  Satan, 
manifeftantur  vires  tue:  noniie  nunc  miferaruin  beiliarum  hinnirus,  grunnitus,  cioci- 
tufquc  imitaris,  qui  eterno  Deo  te  afTimulari  temptalli.  Idcirco  impcro  tibl  in 
nomine  Jehu  Xpi  qui  te  de  celo  dampnavic,  ut  ab  hoc  tumuku  defiflas."  Nee  mo- 
ra, difto  citius,  univerfa  fantafmata  vacuas  in  auras  receirerunr. 

XXXVn.  Contigit  quoque  Tub  cujufdam  temporis  curfibus  cum  alius  Dei  famu- 
lus ad  colloquium  vcnerabilis  viri  Dei  Guthlaci  pveniflet,  aliquot  dlebus  in  inlula 
pfata  hoipitari  cepit.  Quadam  autem  die  menibranos  quofdam  fcribens,  cum  ad 
finem  fcripturam  luam  deflexiflet,  extra  domum  recedens,  quando  in  quodam  ora- 
torio orationibus  incumbcret,  ecce  quidam  corvus  accola  ejufdem  infule  intrans  do- 
mum predifti  holpitis  ut  cartulam  illic  profpexit,  rapido  forcipe  arripuit.  Prefa- 
tus  vero  hofpes  cum  vilus  fuos  forte  foris  divertifTet,  volantem  alitem  cartulam  mo- 
re fuo  portantem  profpicit.  Confellimque  cum  cartulam  fuam  defuifle  comperit.  ab 
alite  corvo  raptam  fuiffe  cognofclr.  Denique  eadem  hora  fcs  Guthlac  extra  orato- 
rium  egrcdiebatur.  Qui  cum  prefatum  fratrem.  fubita  meftitia  correptum  ^pfpiceret, 
confolari  ilium  cepit,  pollicens  ei  cartulam  fuam  cum  Dei  omnipotentis  auxiliis  fibi 
recuperare  poITe,  fine  cujus  poteftate  nee  folium  arboris  dcfluit,  ncc  unus  pali'erum 
ad  terram  cadit.  Inter  hec  ales  longe  in  Auftrum  avolans  cernitur  curfum  fuum  in- 
ter flagnofa  paludis  liguftra  defleftens,  fcfe  lubito  ab  corum  obtutibus  velut  evane- 
fcens  abdidit.  Scs  vero  Guthlac  firmam  fidem  firmo  pedlore  geflans,  fratri  pfato 
pcepit  ut  naviculam  in  contiguo  portu  pofitam  confcendilTet,  &  ut  inter  dcnfas 
h.irundinum  compages  quo  via  fibi  monllraret  incederet.  Illc  autem  pceptis  fci 
viri  obtemperans,  quo  fe  trames  ducebat  perrexir.  Dein  cum  ad  aliquid  fiagnum 
haud  ^pciil  a  piefata  infula  fitum  devenifl'et,  conlpicit  non  longe  in  media  planicic 
ftagni  unam  arundinem  curvato  cacumine  ftantem,  que  ftagni  tremulis  quaflabatur 
undiq'  limphis.  In  cujus  falliglo  equiparaLas  fceduias  cquali  lance  pendentes  veku 
ab  humana  manu  pohtas  cerneres,  nurabile  ditlu,  tangi  non  lafte  coniiguis  vide- 
bantur  ab  undis.  At  ille  frater  arripiens  de  harundine  cartam,  cum  magna  admira- 
tione  grates  Deo  pfolvens,  venerantiam  valide  fidei  de  eo  quod  contigit  venerabili 
viro  Dei  Guthlaco  conterens,  unde  egreffus  domum  reverfus.  Prefatus  vero  Xpi 
famulus  Guthlac  non  fui  meriti  quod  contigit,  fed  divine  miferationis  fuille  firmabar. 

XXXV HI.  Erant  igitur  in  fupradicla  infula  duo  alites  corvi,  <]Uor'  infelta  ne- 
quitia  fuit,  ita  ut  quicquid  frangere.  mergcre,  dlriperc,  rapere,  contamiuare,  po- 
tuiffent,  fine  uUius  rei  revereniia  dampnantes  perderent  ;  nam  veluti  cum  famiiiari- 
bus  aulis  intrantes  domus  omnia  quecumque  intus  forifque  invcniffent  V£Uu  ini,pbi 
pdones  rapiebant.  Supramemoratus  autem  Dei  iamulus  varias  eorum  injurias  pfr.-i  ens, 
longanimiter  pio  peftore  fufferebar,  ut  non  foluiii  in  hominibus  excmpluoi  patientie 
ipfius  oftenderetur,  fed  ctiam  in  volucribus  &  in  feris  raanifeda  eillr.  Erga  enim  om- 


144  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

na  exiinie  karitatis  ipfius  gra  abundabar,  in  tantum  ut  inciilte  folitudinis  volucres 
&  vaqabundi  ccnoli  paludis  pifces  ad  vocem  ipfius  vehiti  ad  paftorem  otius  natan- 
tes  volantefqne  dcvcnirent.  De  manu  enim  illius  viflum  prout  uniufcujufque  na- 
tura  indigebat,  vefci  folebaiit.  Non  folum  vero  terre  aerifqne  animalia  illius  juf- 
fionlbus  obtemperabant,  immo  etiam  aqua  aerqiie  ipfi  veri  Dei  vero  famulo  obedic- 
bant.  Nam  qui  auftori  omnium  creaturarum  fideliter  ex  integro  fpiritum  famula- 
tur  non  eft  mirandum  fi  ejus  imperils  ac  votis  omnis  creatura  deferviat.  At  ple- 
rumque  idcirco  fubjedte  nobis  creature  dominium  pdimus,  quia  dno  univerfor'  cre- 
atori  fervire  neglegimus.  Saim  illud,  "  fi  obediericis  &  audieritis  me,  bona  terre 
comedetis  ;"  &  rl'.     Item  "  fi  abundaverit  fides  veftra  ut  granum  finapis,"  &  rl'. 

XXXIX.  Libet  etiara  beatiffimi  Dei  famuli  Guthlaci  quoddam  fpiritale  mi- 
raculum  explicare.  Contigit  enim  quadam  die  cum  quidam  vir  vencrablis  nomine 
"Wilfrith  jamdudum  viro  Dei  Guthlaco  fpiritalis  amicitie  foedere  copulatus,  ut  affo- 
lebat  cum  eo  loqueretur,  forte  hirundines  due  fubito  domum  intrantes,  velut  cum 
indicio  magne  letitie,  avino  forcipe  flexofi  gutturis  carmen  canences,  veluti  ad  alTue- 
tas  fedes  deveniflent,  fefe  non  hefirantes  humeris  viri  Dei  Guthlaci  impofuerunt,  ac 
deinde  cantulis  vocibus  garrulantes  brachiis  genibufque  pcftorique  illius  infedebant. 
Wilfrith  vero  finpefaclus  efllagitata  fermocinandi  licentia,  fcifcitari  ab  illo  cepir, 
ut  quid  inculte  lolitudinis  volucres  humani  fucceffus  infueti,  ilium  ^piandi  fiduciam 
habuerunt.  Scs  vero  Guthlacus  e  contra  refpondiens,  "  Nonne  Icgilli  quia  qui  Deo 
puro  fpu  copulatnr  omnia  libi  in  Deo  conjunguntur,  &  qui  ab  hominibus  cognofci 
denegatur  agnofci  a  feiis  &:  frequentari  ab  angelis  querit.  Nam  qui  treqnentatur 
ab  hominibus  frequentari  ab  angelis  nequit."  Tunc  afl'umens  quandam  ventinulam 
pofuit  in  ea  feftucam.  Qnod  cum  alites  profpicerenr,  velut  notato  figno  imbuci, 
iliic  nidificare  ceperunr,  cumque  veluti  unius  bore  fpario  tranfaflo  adgregatis  quif- 
quiliis  nldum  fundarent,  Scs  Guthlacus  exfurgens  fab  teftudine  tefti  quo  federet 
ventinulam  pofuit,  volucres  vero  qnafi  adepto  proprie  manfionis  loculo  illic  manere 
ccperunt.  Non  enim  fme  licita  volentia  viri  Dei  locum  nidificandi  fibi  eligere 
prefumcbant,  fed  in  unoquoquo  anno  petentes  manfionis  indicium  ad  virum  Dei 
deveniebant.  Nulio  ergo  abfurdtim  fit  a  volucribus  formam  obedientie  difcere,  cum 
Salomon  dicit,  "  Vade,  pigcr,  imitare  formicam,  confidera  vias  ejus,  &  difce  fapien- 
tiam  illius." 

XL.  Neque  cacendum  quoque  efle  arbitror  quoddam  prefati  viri  providcntie 
miraculum.  Erat  itaque  fub  eodera  tempore  quidam  exul  de  inclita  Merciorum 
prole  vocabulo  Fihelbald,  qui  quadam  die  ut  adfolebat  virum  Dei  vifitare  malens 
comite  prefato  Wiltrido  adepto  rate  ufque  infulam  prediftam  pervenit.  Wilfridus 
vero  ratis  de  prora  faltu  terram  petcns,  ambas  manicas  fuas  in  puppi  dimifit,  ac  de- 
inde ad  colloquium  fci  viri  venicntes,  poftquam  ad  invicem  fe  fiilutaverunr,  inter  alia 
ftrmocinandi  colloquia  fupramemoratus  vir  beate  memorie  Guthlacus  cui  Diis  ab- 
fentia  prelentabat,  velut  prophetic  fpu  inflatus  cum  domi  fediflet,  &  nichil  aliud 
excepto  domus  vellibulo  profpicere  potuiiTet,  fubito  ab  illis  fcilcitaii  cepit  utrumne 
rem  ullam  in  navi  dimilifi^ent.  Cui  Wilfridus  refpondens,  duas  manicas  fuas 
illic  fe  oblivifcendo  dimififie  aiebat.  llle  vero  corvos  fuos  tunc  manicas  pofle- 
diffe,  ficut  eventus  rei  probavit  dicebat.  Nee  mora;  extra  domum  egredientes,  con- 
fpicuun:  corvicini  foboiis  atrum  predonem  in  falligio  cujufdam  cafe  improbo  for- 
cipe 


HISTORY     OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  145 

cipe  manicam  lacerare.  Scs  autem  Giithlacus  alitem  levi  fermone  Cvonprimebac, 
Sc  veluti  criminis  fui  confcius  eiiet  ales  manicam  in  culmine  cafe  linqiiens,  vclut  fiiga 
facia  occiJiias  in  auras  volabar.  Wilfridus  vero  de  cuiinine  tc(fti  in  iiimniitate  virge 
manicam  dcduceie  fecit,  ac  deinde  comperiens  tanti  viri  potentie  fuilfe  alreram 
libi  reddere,  ficut  &  illam,  foUicitus  de  aicerlus  manice  dampno  fieri  cepit.  At  vir 
Dei  ilium  egrota  mente  dampnum  rei  graviter  pertuliffe  fentiens,  liidibundo  verbo- 
rum  famine  ilium  confolari  cepit,  poUicens  ei  pollibilitatis  Dei  kiilTc  cito  fibi  rem 
perditam  recuperari,  fi  fides  eorum  non  titubalfet.  Necpiura;  inter  hcc  verba,  ecce 
tres  viri  iratres  pulfato  figno  ante  portum  prefate  iniiile  fleteiunt,  ad  quos  ci^o 
velocius  ScsGuthlacus  ut  adfolebat  hilari  vuliu  fuccelllt.  Nam  Temper  gratia  eximic 
karitatis  more  &  ipfius  vultu  fulgebat.  Salutatis  verofratribus  conleftim  unus  eorum 
inclinato  fibi  cervice  efflagitata  venia,  forte  in  via  quandam  manicam  de  uncis  pedi- 
bus  corvi  demiffam  invenilTe  fe  fatebatur,  &  manicam  fibi  oftendit.  Guthlacus  pa- 
rumper  fubridens  de  manu  iljiiis  manicam  tenuit,  &  admirairus  divine  clcmentie 
benignitatem  loqucnte  fpiritu  gratias  egic,  ac  delude  falutatis  illis  ficuc  ante  promifit 
Wilfrido  manicam  reddidit. 

XLI.  Fuit  itaque  in  eifdem  fere  temporibus  in  orientalium  Anglorum  terminis 
quidam  juvenis  nomine  Huuftredns,  indite  quidem  uc  ferunc  (obolis.  Qui  cum  in 
quotidlane  pietatis  parentibus  jura  inpenderet,  quadam  die  domi  fcdens,  fubico 
ilium  nequam  fpiritus  graflari  cepit.  In  tantum  autem  inmenfa  dementia  vexabatur, 
ita  ut  membra  fua  propria  ligno,  ferro,  unguibus,  dentibufque  prout  potuit  la- 
niarct.  Non  lolum.  enim  feipfum  crudeli  vefania  decipiebat,  quinctiam  oranes 
quofcumque  tangere  potuillet,  improbi  oris  morfibus  lacerabat.  Eo  autem  mode 
infinire  cepit,  ut  eum  prohibere  aut  alligare  nullius  aufibus  impctraretur.  Nam 
quodam  tempore  congregata  multitudine  cum  alii  ilium  ligare  tcmptarcnr,  nrrcpro 
limali  bipenni,  tria  virorum  corpora  letabundis  iflibus  humo  fterncns  mori  coegir. 
Et  cum  bis  binis  annorum  curlibus  dira  peile  velanie  vallaretur  &  exerte  macilen- 
tia  arido  in  corpore  vires  dillabucrunt,  tum  demura  a  parentibus  fuis  ad  facratas 
faniflorum  fedes  adduflus  uti  a  facerdotibus  epifcopifque  lacratis  fontibus  lavaretur. 
Cun"".  ergo  nullus  eorum  pelliferum  funedi  fpiritus  virus  extinguere  valailfet,  tandem 
exploratis  reprobatifque  omnium  remediorum  fliginatibus  domum  reverfi  lunt.  ()£ia- 
dam  vero  die  cum  mefti  parcntes  nati  mortem  magis  qnam  viram  optarent,  fama  volar 
quend.im  heremitam  m  medio  paludis  inlula  Crugland  fedifle,  cujus  rumor  diverils 
virtutum  generibus  fines  pene  totius  Hritannie  longe  lateque  replebat.  C)uo  com- 
perto,  orto  mane  illuc  ducere  vexatum  certo  confiiio  paranr.  Excuffa  ergo  opace 
noclis  caligine,  cum  lol  aureum  cclo  dimoverat  ortum  ligatis  membris  vexatum  du- 
centes,  ceptum  iter  vadcre  ceperunt.  Vefperafcente  vero  die  cum  illuc  iter  diver- 
tiiTent,  iu  quadam  infula  baud  procul  a  Crugiand  noflem  duxcrunt,  ac  dcuique  jubare 
exorto  ad  portum  prediifte  infule  fubvenientes,  pulfato  figno  colloquium  tauti  viri 
effljgitabant.  lUe  autem,  more  fuo  folito,  eximie  karitatis  ardore  fervefcens,  leie 
coram  illis  optulit.  Et  cum  ipfi  caufam  fuam  a  primordio  explicareut,  vir  Dei  pa- 
rentum  foUicicudinem  &  vcxate  humaniiatis  labores  miferefcens,  velut  paterno  pt6torc 
illis  propitiari  cepit.  C'ontellim  enim  vexati  manum  arripiens,  intra  oratorium  fuum 
duxit,  &  illic  continuis  trium  dierum  jejuniis,  flexis  genibu*  orare  cepir.  'J  crtia 
vero  die  orro  jam  fole  facrati  fontis  undis  abluit,  &  inflins  in  faciem  ejus  fpiricum 

T  2  fitlutis. 


146  A     P    P    E    N     D     I    X      T     O      THE      f 

filutis,  omnem  valitadinem  maligni  fpiritus  de  illo  reppulit.  Ipfe  autem  velut  qui 
de  efluantis  gurgitis  fluflibns  ad  portum  deducitur  longri  fufpiria  imo  de  pc(ftore  tra- 
liens,  ad  priiiine  falutis  valitudlnem  reddituai  (c  cffe  intellexit.  Ab  illo  enim  tem- 
pore ufque  in  diem  exitus  fui,  nuUius  moleftie  inquietudincm  ab  inmuiido  fpiritu 
pertulir, 

XLII.  Alio  quoque  tempore  cum  p-refati  esulis  Edclbaldi  comes  quidam  vocabiilo 
Ecgga  ab  inmundi  fpiritus  validillima  violentia  miferabiiitcr  grairaretur  ita  ut  quid 
eii'et,  vel  quo  federet,  vel  quid  parabat  facere  nefciret ;  corporis  autem  &  megj- 
brorum  vigor  inlcfus  permanfit,  facultas  veto  loquendi,  difputandi,  intelligendique 
penitus  defuit.  Quadam  die  propinqui  fui,  formidantes  perpetuam  vefaniara  fibi 
venturam,  ?.d  prefati  viri  Guthlaci  liinina  illuro  duxerunt,  confeftimque  ut  fe  cingulo 
illius  fuccinxit,  omnem  amentiam  de  l"e  ablatam,  animumque  fibi  integie  redditura 
perfenfit.  Se  quoque  illo  cingulo  Temper  precingens,  ufque  in  ultimum  diem  vite 
fue  nullam  a  Satana  molefliam  perpeffus  eft. 

XLIII.  Cepit  etiam  inter  ifta  vir  Dei  Guthlaci  prophetie  fpiritum  pollerc,  future 
predicere,  prefentibus  abfentia  narrare.  AHquibus  enim  diebus  cum  quidam  abbas  uc 
•liTolebat  ad  vcrbocinium  prefati  viri  devenire  propofuit,  incepto  itinere  duo  miniflri 
ipfiHS  fimulata  cujufdam  caufe  neceffitate  abbatis  licentiam  pofccbant,  ut  aliam  vi- 
am  quam  caufa  cogebat  devertiflentj  ille  autem  illis  concefla  licentia  quo  propofuit 
perrexit.  Ac  denique  advenienxe  illo  ad  colloquium  viri  Dei  Guthlaci,  cum  kie  alte- 
rucrum  divinarum  fcripturarum  liauflibus  inebriareut,  §cs  Guthlacus  inter  alia 
ab  illo  fcifcitari  cepit  aiens,  ut  quid  duo  ifti  clerici  quos  vocabulo  nuncupavit  uC 
iidfolebant  hue  te  comitari  noluerunt.  Abbas  autem  illos  efflagitata  licentia,  alterius 
caufe  neceffitate  in  alteram  viam  divertifle  dixit.  At  veto  Scs  Guthlacus  cui  Diis 
ex  divina  infpirationc  abfentia  prefentabat,  pauliiper  demiffa  fronte,  fubridens  vultuui 
dcflexit.  Abbas  autem  cum  pei  fenffiflet  quod  viro  Dei  alitcr  prefentaretur,  obfecrans 
cum  in  nomine  Jehu  ut  evidenter  monftrarec  quod  fibi  de  illis  vifum  eft  fuppliciter 
rogabat.  Guthlacus  vero  fupplicibus  obfecrationibus  amici  qui  fibi  fpiritali  foedere 
in  Xpo  copulabatur  annuens,  iter  corum  in  ordine  fibi  pandere  cepit.  Dicebat 
enim  illos  ad  cujufdam  vidue  cafam  divertiftl-,  &  dum  non  vidhuc  tertia  hora  effet 
'indelicatis  vidue  fulcris  inebriari  cepifle.  Non  folum  ergo  vir  Dei  iter  illorum  a  pri- 
mordio  narrabat,  quinetiam  viflum  eorum  &  verba  ex  ordine  monftrando  expiicavit. 
Non  aliter  enim  fibi  ex  divino  numine  prefentabatur  quam  ut  Helis  cognitio  fureo 
facti  Gezi  Deo  manifeftante  monftratum  eft.  In  tantum  enim  gracie  divine  fpiritus 
in  CO  pollebat,  ut  abfentia  prefentibus  &  futura  preteritis  ut  prefentia  arbitrare- 
tur.  Abbas  itacpie  pceptis  falutaribus  documentis  viri  venerabilis  Guthlaci,  remea- 
bili  curfn  domum  fuam  migravit,  cum  ut  affolebant  duo  pfati  clerici  ininifterio  ab- 
batis obvi:.rent  oms  de  domu  exceptis  duobus  illis  difcedere  juffit.  Cumque  in  domu 
federent,  ab  illis  abbas  ubi  moram  hederne  diei  duxerint  fcifcitabatur.  Illi,  fimulato 
pcflorc,  in  aliciijus  amici  fui  cafa  fe  morafic  dicebant.  Abbas  autem  illos  fuiffe  in 
domu  vidue,  quam  proprio  vocabulo  nuncupavit,  alium  fibi  nuntiafle  aiebat.  ll!i 
contra  dicentes,  cum  maxima  procacitate  illius  di^ta  negabant.  Abbas  veto  eorum 
inpudentiara  compcricns,  nota  figna  monftrando  culpaai  fuam  confitcri  juffit.  Ipfi 
autem  cum  contra  nota  indicia  recalcitrare  nequiffcnt,  tandem  fe  folo  prementes 
iter  fuum  uno  eodemque  ordine  quo  vir  Dei  ante  narravit  confcffi  funt. 

XLIV. 


HISTORY    OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  147 

XLIV.  Venciiuit:  quoque  his  fere  diebus  de  quodam  monafleiio  duo  viri  fratrcs 
lit  Sci  Giuhlaci  verba  doctrine  andierent.  Nam  illo  tempore  tanti  viri  fama  ubique 
notabunda  vagavit.  Deiiide  cum  iufulam  dcvcniffein,  Iiabentes  fecum  binas  flafcu- 
las  celia  *  impletas,  fa<fto  confiiio  illas  in  via  fub  quadam  paluftri  iablone  abfconde- 
runr,  ut  iterumrevertentes  iter  fuum  ilia  annona  relevareiu.  Cumqiie  pfati  fratres 
verbocinio  venerabilis  viri  potiti  uterentiir,  &  falutaribus  pceptis  ilios  ammoneret, 
hiiari  vultu  leviter  llibridens  ludibri  famine  verboriim  inter  alia  ab  illis  fcilcitabatiir 
dicens,  "  Ut  quid  filioli  liuc  portare  noluiftis  binas  flafciilas,  quas  fub  agreilis  glebe 
umbraculo  abdidillis."  Quo  audito,  illi  inmenfo  ftupore  pculfi  fc  lolo  fternentes, 
veniam  jipetrati  criminis  crabant.  Scs  vero  Giithiacus,  fublevatis  eor'  cervicibus, 
veniam  induUit,  pacem  conceffit,  iter  fignavit. 

XLV.  Sub  iifdem  quoque  temporibus  ad  virum  Dei  Guthlacum  multi  diverfor' 
ordinum  gradus,  abbatcs,  fratres,  comites,  divites,  vexati  pauperes,  non  fobim  de 
fPximis  Mcrcior'  fmibus  verum  etiam  de  reraotis   Brittannie  partibus  fama  nimiruin 
virtutum  ejus   acciti   confluebant,  quos  aut  corpor'  egritudo,  aut  inmundor'  fpiri- 
tuum  infeilatio,  aut  commiflbrum  errorum  ^pfeffio,  aut  aiiorum  quorumcumquc  cri- 
minum  quibus  humanum  genus  adluitur,  caufi  vexabat,  prout  uniufcujufque  necef- 
fitas  cogebat,   a  tante  fimclitatis  viro  fe  confolandos  fore  fperabant,   nee  illos  vana 
fpes  fefellit.     Nam  nullus  ab  illo  egrotus  fine  remcdio,  nullus  vexatus  fine  faiute, 
nuUus  triftis  fine  gaudio,  nullum  tedium  fine  exortatione,  nulla  mcftitia  fine  con- 
folatione,  nulla   anximonia  fine  confiiio  ab  illo  reverfii  eft,  fed  vera  caritate  pollens 
omnium  labores  cum  omnibus  unanlmiter  ptulerat.      Contigit  ergo  cum  omnes  e 
diverfis  partibus  variis  caufis  ad  tanti  viri  colloquium  ab  undique  confluebant,  venie- 
bat  inter  alios  quidam   comes   pdifti  exulis  Ethelb.ildi  Oba  nomine  ad  verbocinium 
beati  viri  Guthlaci,  &  cum  alia  die  quedam  loca  fpinofa  pluftraret   fincelle  agrcllia 
riira  gradiendo^  inruit  in   qaandam  fpinulam   fubincuhe    lellnris   herbis   latentem- 
■que  mediianium  plante  ipfius  infigens  tenus  talum  ruirp^ndo  totius  pedis  cratem  pfo- 
ravit.     Ille  denique  contra  vires  ceptum  iter  carpens  ati  infulam  pdictam  in  qua  vir 
Dei  Domini  militavit,  laboriofifiime  pvenir,  &  cum  illic  noftem  unam  exegiflet,  in- 
flatco  tumere  dimulia  pars  corporis  ipfius  a  lumbis   tenus   plantam  rtirgefcebat.     In 
tantum  enim  novi  doloris  moleltia  arigebatur,  ut  federe  aut  flare  vcl  jacere  nequifl'et. 
Nam  fervente  mcmbrorum  compagine   ab   imis  ofiTium  medullis  inmenfo  ardore  Co- 
quebatur,  ut  morienti  fimilior  quani  languenti  videretur.     Quod  cum  viro  Dei  Guth- 
laco  nunciaretur,  ilium  ad  fe  duci  preceplr,   ac  deinde  cum  caufam  vexationls  fue  a 
primordio  narraret,  vir  Dei  Guthlacus  exuens  fe  luterio  melotine  -}■  in  quo  ille  orare 
folebat  ipfum  circumdedit.     Confeftimque  diflo   citius  poftquam  vefte  tanti  viri  fe 
indutum  perfenfit  codem   raoiiento   Ipinula  velut  fagitta  ab  arcu  dimiffa  flatim  de 
pede  ipfius  detruditur  quoufijue  ^xul  quafi  jaculata  infliiit,  eademque  hora   omnis 
tumidi  fervoris  violentia  ex  omnibus  membrorum  ipfius  compaginibus  fecefllt,  con- 
feflimque  exfurgens  pede  redufto  gradiri  cepit,  &  poflera  die  alloquuto  viro  Del 

*  Pliny,  jcxii.  c.  ult.  defcrlhes  Cilia  s  a  certain  Sjianifh  liquor  which  Orofiiis  (v.  7.)  and  Ifidore  after 
him  fxx.  5.)  fay  w;is  dillilled  b\  iiie  tr  m  wheat.  The  Nuinamiues  intoxicateil  ihenil'ehes  with  copio  s 
dr.iughis  ot  it  before  ihey  fallirj.  out  I'rotn  their  uege  (Flcrus  ii.  18).  The  Cicrmans  made  drink  bo'h 
of  wheat  and  barley.     Hence  in  our  monkilh  writers  Ciiia  is  i  fed  for  either.     Du  Cangc. 

f  His  flieepfciu  coveiliJ.     Lutherijin,  loJicr;  from  meloiina  a^uiiXo;  ovis.     Du  Cange. 

Guthlaco 


14§  A     P     P    E     N     D     I    X      T     O      T     II     E 

Guihlaco  qui  totius  fui  corporis  ex  unius  membri  languore  dampnum  predolabatur, 
hilari  animo  line  uilius  valitudinis  moleitia  pergebar.  Tunc  omnes  qui  teiViinonio 
^irtucis  ejus  intererant,  viri  Dei  valitudinem  fidei  mirantes,  gloriam  Diio  reddebant. 

XLVl.  Ncc  me  preterire  iilentio  libet  quoddam  miraculum  prefage  (Pvidentie  ve- 
nerabilis  viri  Gutl)laci,  cui  ex  divina  donatione  largitum  efl,  ut  verba  abfcniluni 
quafi  fcripta  videret,  cogitaiionefque  prefentium  velut  loquutas  cognofcerer.  Cum 
enim  quidam  eps  Headda,  nomine  quafi  celefti  confilio  imbutus,  ad  colloquium  ve- 
nerabilis  viri  Guthlaci  veniret,  habuit  quendam  fecum  in  comitatu  fuo  virum  libra- 
riutn  VYigfridum  nomine,  qui  cum  inter  alios  epi  minillros  equitabat,  alii  eor'  co- 
ram illo  de  virtuiibus  &:  miraculis  tanti  viri  Guthlaci  mirari  ceperunt,  alii  in  afpitatem 
vite  ipfius  &  pfeverantiam  virtutefque  p  ipfum  facias  ab  uUo  alio  ante  inauditas  dif- 
putabant,  alii  in  cujus  virtute  miracula  ilia  que  faciebat  dubitantes  erumpebant. 
Wigfridus  autem  fe  pofle  dilcernere  &  fcire  utrum  divine  religioni-s  cultor  ellet,  aut 
.pfeudo  fanftitatis  fimulator,  fi  umqaam  ilium  vidiffet,  pollicebatur.  Dicebat  enim 
fe  inter  Scottorum  populos  habiiaffe,  &  illic  pfeudo  anachoritas  diverfarum  religio- 
num  fimulatores  vidilfe,  quos  pdicere  futura,  &:  vircutes  alias  facere  quocumque 
numine  nefciens  comperire;  alios  quoque  illic  tuiife  narrabat  vere  religionis  cuhores, 
fignis  vinutibulque  plurimis  pollentes,  quos  ille  crebro  allocjui  videre  frequentare- 
que  folebat,  ex  quorum  cxperientia  aliorum  religionem  difcernere  fe  potuilfe  ^pmit- 
xebat.  Ergo  cum  pdiftus  epifcopus  ad  colloquium  venerabilis  viri  Dei  Guthlaci  pve- 
niffet  fraternis  faUuaiionibus  peraftis  fcfe  alterutrum  hauHibus  evangelici  neftaris  cir- 
•cunifundere  cepennK.  Erat  anrcm  in  viro  Dei  Gutlilaco  divine  gr^e  luculentia,  in 
tantum  ur  quicquid  pdicaret,  velut  ex  angelico  ore  e.xprelium  videretur.  Erat  in  eo 
•tante  lapientie  afilucntia,  ut  quecumque  divinarum  fcripturarum  excmplis  firmaret. 

XLVll.  Ergo  predidus  eps  pollquam  coUoquiis  illius   poiitus   eft,   &  melle  dul- 

ciora   pcepta   lapientie   ipfiiis  guflavit,    ecce    repente  in    medio  fermone   fubmiflb 

.ceivice  lupplcx  adjurare  cepit  ilium,  ut   facerdotale   olHcium   per  eum   fufciperet. 

<iuthl.:cus  vero  peticionibus  epiicopi  nolens  refiltere,  ocius  fe  folo  ^Dliernens  volen- 

tie  illius  fe  obediturum  effe  ^pmitcit.     Epifcopus  autem  ovanti  animo  exfurgens,  con- 

.fecratj  prius  ecvkfin,   iidelem  facerdotem  furamo  Deo  facravit.     Peraciis  ergo  con- 

.fecrationum  ubfequiis,  rogatu  funimi  pontificis  contra  rem  folitam  vir  Dei  illo  die  ad 

.prandium  venire  cogebatur.     Adpofitis  ergo  danibus  prius  quam  prandere  ceperunt, 

afpiciens  ^cs  (iuthlacus  predi6lnm  fratrem  Wigtridum  procul  Icdenteni  inquit,  "  O 

frater  WigFritlc,  quomodo  tibi  nunc  videtur  ille  ckrirus  de  quo  hellerno  die  judicare 

promifitli  r"    Wigfridus  vero  hec  miratus,  confeftim  exfurgens,  fe   totuni  folo  tota 

luente  ^pfternit,  fupplexque  veniam  precatus,  fefe  pecalfe  tatetur,  mirantibus  omnibus 

qui  intererant  llupelcere  ad  invicem  ceperunt.     Scs  vero  Gutiilacus  dicebat,  "  Com- 

probamini  alterutrum  fcifcitantes,  fi  quis  veftrum   mihi  nuntiavit."     Contigit  ergo 

confecratio  infule  Crugland,  S:  conilitutio  beati  Guthlaci  in  officium  faccrdotale  in 

autumnali  tempore,  retro  calculatis  quinque  diebus  ab  illo  die  quo  milfa  Sci  Bar- 

tiiolomei  iolet  celebrari. 

XLVIII.  AUerius  denique  temporis  plabentibus  circulis  reverentiiTima  virgo  vir- 
jiinum  Xpi  &  fponfarum  Egburgh  abbatifia  Akiulfi  regis  filia  ad  lubiimium  meritor' 
venerabilem  virum  Guthlacum  farcofagum  plumbcum  liatheuinque  in  eo  volutum 
u-aQlmifit,  quo  virum  Dei  potT:  obitum  circumdari  rogabat,  adjura;,s  p  nomen  terri- 

bilc 


HISTORY     OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  H9 

bile  ac  vcnerabile  fupremi  regis  fcque  ad  patibulum  doininice  crucis  crigcns  in  indi- 
cium fupplicis  deprecationis,  extenfis  pnlmis,  ut  in  officium  prediitum  vir  Dei  illud 
niunus  fufciperet,  p  nuncium  alteiius  fidelis  fratris  precipiens,  ut  lioc  indicium 
coiam  illo  faceret  lupplici  rogaui  mittebat.  Addidit  quoque  ut  ab  il!o  fcifcitaretur 
quis  loci  iilius  po(t  obitum  fuum  heres  futurus  foret.  (^li  cum  fee  virginis  lidele 
niunus  gratulanter  Uifcepiiret,  de  eo  quod  intcrrogatur  rcfpondiffe  fertur,  illias  loci 
heredem  in  gentili  populo  iuilTc,  nee  dum  ad  baptifmatis  lavacrum  dcvcnillc,  fed 
mox  futurum  fore  dicebat.  Quod  fpu  providentie  dixiffe,  evenrus  future  rei  pro- 
bavit.  Nam  ipfe  CilTa,  qui  nunc  noltris  tcmporibus  fedem  viri  Dei  Guthlaei  pol- 
fedit,  poll  aunos,  ut  &  ipfe  narrare  folet,  lavacrum  baptifmatis  in  Britannia  per- 
cepit.  Nonne  quoque  fupra  memorati  viri  Guthlaei  vaiidico  peftorc  quoddam  Ipi*- 
ritale  prefagium  narrare  piget. 

XLIX.  Qi_iodam  enim  tempore  cum  exul  Ille  quern  fupra  nicmoravimus  EthclbaUl 
hue  illueque  perfequente  ilium  Ceolredo  rege  in  diverfis  nationib'  jactaretur,  alia 
die  deticienre  virium  ipfius  valitudine  fuoruuique  inter  dubia  pericula  poflquam  ex- 
inanite  vires  defecere,  tandem  ad  colloquium  sci  viri  Guthlaei  ut  iokbat  perve- 
nit,  ut  quando  humanuni  eonfilium  defecilfet  divinum  adeflet.  Ille  vero  cum  beato 
viro  Guthlaeo  loquente,  vir  Dei  velut  divini  oracuii  intcrpres  pandere  que  ventura 
effent  fibi  ex  ordine  cepit  diccns,  "  O  mi  pner,  laborum  tuorum  non  lum  expers, 
miferiarum  tuarum  ab  exordio  vite  tue  non  fum  infeius.  Propterea  mileratus  ca!a- 
raitatis  tue,  rcgavi  Dorainum  ut  fubveniret  tibi  in  miferatione  fua,  &  exaudivit  me, 
&  tribuit  tibi  dominationem  gentis  tue,  &  pofuit  re  prineipem  populoriun  &  cervices 
inimieorum  tuorum  fubtus  caleaneum  tuum  rediger,  &  poilellioncs  eorum  poffidebi?, 
&  fugiunt  a  facie  tua  qui  te  oderunt,  &  terga  eorum  videbis,  &  gladius  tuus  vincer 
adveifario3  tuos,  £c  ideo  confortare,  quia  Dns  adjutor  tuus  eft.  Fatiens  ello,  ne 
declines  in  confiiium  quoti  non  poteft  llabiliri.  Non  in  preda  nee  in  rapma  rcg- 
num  tibi  dabitur,  fed  de  manu  Domini  optinebis.  Exf;ieola  eum  cujus  dies  dcfice- 
ret,  quia  manus  Domini  opprimet  ilium,  cujus  fpes  in  nialigno  pofita  eft,  &  dies 
illius  velut  umbra  ptranfibunt."  Hec  &  his  fimilia  eo  dic?nte,  ex  illo  tempore 
Ethelbaldus  fpem  fuam  in  Domino  pofuit,  nee  vana  fpes  iilum  fefellit.  Nani  de 
eodem  modo,  ordine,  pofitloneque  omnia  que  de  illo  vir  Dei  predixcrat  &  non  alitcr 
contigerunt,  fieut  prefentis  rei  prefens  eiieftus  comi)rob;it. 

L.  Verum  quum  humanum  genus  ab  initio  mortalis  miferle  quotullc  ad  finem  de- 
currit,  motatlfque  tcmporibus  generavioncs  &  regna  niorantur,  atl  quem  terminum 
Dns  &  fervus,  doftus  &  indoaus,  juvenis  h  fenex  pari  conditione  denicrgitur.  Kt 
licet  raeiitis  penis  premiifque  disjungamur,  tamen  nos  oms  reftat  cxitus  Idem.  Nam 
ficut  mors  in  Adam  data  eft,  ita  &:  in  offis  dominabitur.  Qtiifquis  enim  hujus 
vita  faporcm  guftaverit  amaritudinem  mortis  evirare  neqiiir.  Contigit  ergo  inter 
hec  poitquam  diledlus  f^ei  famulus  Guthlacus  ter  quinis  annorum  voluminibus 
devoto  famulatu  fuperni  regis  folitariam  duxit  vitam,  ecce  Dns  Jhs  cum  famu 
lum  fuum  de  laboriofa  hujus  vite  fervitute  ad  perpetu&  bcatitudinis  re(iulem  afTu- 
mere  voluiffet,  quadam  die  cum  in  oratorio  fuo  orationibns  vacans  perftaret,  lubito 
ilium  intimorum  ftimulatio  corripuit.  Statimque  ut  fe  fubita  infirmltate  tliri  languo- 
rls  vir  Dei  arreptum  perfer.fu,  confeftim  rnanurn  Dni  ad  fe  cominHfam  cognovit. 
Tunc  fe  ovante  fpu  ad  perhennis  regni  gaudia  preparare  cepit.  beptem  cnmi  diebus 
dira  egritudine  decoOus,  oaavo  die  ad  extrema  perveiiit.     Siquidem  quarta  feria  ante 

pafcha 


ISO  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

pafcha  egrotare  cepit,  &  itcrum  oftava  die  quarta   feria,   quarto  etiam  lumine  paf- 
chalis  fcfti  finita  cgritudine  ad   Diim   migravir.     Habitabat   ergo  cum   eo  Tub  illo 
tempore  uinis  frarcr  Becel  nomine,  cujus  relatione  hac  de  obitu  viri  Dei  Guthlaci 
dcfcripfimiis.     Oui   cum   illo  die  inchoate  raoleftie  ad  eum  veniret,  cepit  illiun  vi- 
rum  Dei  ut   aliolebat  de   aliis  interrogate.     lUe   autem  tarde  refpondens,  derauin 
cum  icrmone  fufpirium  traxir.     Cui  ipfe  frater  inquiens  ait,  "  Domine  mi,  quid  novi 
tibi  accidie;  an  forte  nofte  hac  ul!a  te  iiifirmicutis  molcllia  tctigit."  At  ille  "  etiam,"  in- 
quit,  "  moleffia  me  tetigit  nofte  hac."  Quein  iteai  interrogans  ait,"  fcifne,  pater  mi,  tue 
infirmitatis  caulam,  aut  quern  finem  hujus  molellie  egritudinis  effe  putas  ?"    Cui  vir 
Dei  refpondens  inquir,   "  Fili  mi,  languoris  mei  caufa  efl,  ut  ab  his  membris  fps 
feparetur.     Finis  autem   infirmitatis  race   eric   oftavus  dies,  in   quo    peracfo  hujus 
vita  curfu  debeo  dilLlvi,  &  effe  cui:i  Xpo.     Expedit  enim  farcina  carnis  abjeifta 
agnum  Dei  fequi."     His  auditis,  prediftus  hater  flens  8c  gemens  crebris  lacrimarum 
rivulis  meftas  genas  rigavit.    Quem  vir  Dei  confolans  ait,  "  Fili  mi,  triflitiam  ne  ad- 
mittas,  non  enim  mihi  labor  efl:  ad  Dominum  meum  cui  fervivi  in  requiem  venire 
eternam."     Xante  ergo  fidei  fuit  ut  mortem  que  cunftis  mortalibus  timenda  formi- 
dandjque  videtur  ille  velut  requiem  aut  premium  laboris  judicaret.     Interea  decurfis 
quaternarum  dierum   articuiis,  dies   pafche  pervenit,   in   qua  vir  Dei  contra  vires 
•exfurgens,  immolato  dominici  corporis  facrificio,  &  guftato  fanguinis  Xpi  libamine, 
prefato  fratri  verbum   Dei   evangelizare  cepit,  qui   nvur.quam  ante,  neque  pro  tarn 
magnam  profundicatem  fcientie,   fe  ab  ullius  ore  audiffe    teltatur.     Denique  cum 
feptimus  dies  infirmitatis  ipfius  deveniffet,  prcfatus   frater  ilium  circa  horam  fextam 
viiitavit,  invenisque   eum  recumbentcm  in  aiigiilo  oratorii  iui  contra  altare.     Nee 
tamcn  tunc  cum  co  loquebatur,  quia  pondus  infirmitatis  facultatem  loquendi  exemit ; 
denique  illo   pofcente   ut  dicla  fua  fecum  dimitteret  antequam  moreretur,   vir  Dei 
cum  parumpcr  a  pariete  feffos  humeros  levaret,  fufpirans   aiebat,  "  Fili   mi,  quia 
tempus  nunc  propinquat,  ultima  mandata  mea  intende.     Poflquam  fps  hoc  corpuf- 
cuium  deferuerit,  pergc  ad  fororem  meam  Pegian,   8c  dicas  illi  quia  ideo  afpedtum 
ipfius  in  hoc   Iclo  vitam,  ut   in  eternum  coram  patre  nolfro  in  gaudio  fempiterno 
ad   invicem   videaraur.     Dicas   quoque  ut  ilia  corpus  meum  inponat  in  farcofago, 
&  in  lindone   involvat  quam  mihi   Ecgburh   miitebar.     Kolui  quidem  vivens   ullo 
linteo   tegir.ine  corpus   meum   tegere,    fed   ])ro  amore  dilefte  Xpi  virginis  que  hec 
munera  mittebat,  advolvendum  corpus   meum  refervare  curavi."     Audiens  autem 
hec  prefatus  frater  cxorlus  inquit,   "  Obfccro  te,  pater  mi,  quia  infirmitatem  tunm  in- 
telligo,   &  moriturum  te  audio,  ut  dicas  mihi  unum  de  quo  oiim  te  interrogare  non 
aufus   diu  loUicitabar.     Nam  ab  eo  tempore  quo  tecum   domine    habitare    cepe- 
ram  te  loqnentem  vefpere  8i  mane  audiebam  nelcio  cum  quo;  proprerea  ad)uro  te 
lie  me  follicitmn   de  hac  re  pro  obitum  tuum  dimittas."     '1  unc  vir  Dei  pro  tem- 
poris  intervallum  anhelans  ait,  "  Fili  mi,  de  hac  re  foUici'are  noli.     Qiiod  enim  vi- 
vens ulli   hominum  indicare  nohii,  nunc   tibi   manifeftabo,  a  fecundo  etiam   anno 
quo  banc   hercuiuni  habitare  ceperam   mane  vefpereque"  lemper   confolationis  mee 
angelum  ad  meum  colloquium  Dominus  mittebat,   quo  mihi  milteria  que  non  licet 
homini  narrare  monllrabar,  qui  duritiam  laboris  mei  celcftibus  oraculis  fublevabar, 
qui  abfentia  mihi  monltrando  ut  prefentia  prcfentabat.    O  hli,  hec  difia  mea  conferva, 
fluUiquc  alio  nuntiaveris,  nifi  Pegie  aut  Ecgbeno  unachorite,  fi  umquam  in  colloqium 
2  ejus 


HISTORY    OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  151 

ejus  tibi  venire  contigerit,  qui  folus  hec  fie  fuiiTe  cognofcet."  Dixerat,  h  cervicem 
parieti  flcclens  longa  fufpiria  iino  de  pedore  traxit,  refociliatcque  rurfus  I'pu  cum 
parumper  anhelaret,  velut  melliflui  florls  odoratus  de  ore  ipfius  procedifTe  fentie- 
batiir,  ita  ut  totam  domum  qua  federet  ncftareus  odor  !■  flaret.  No^e  vero  fe- 
■quenti,  cum  prefatus  frater  no(f1:urnis  vigiliis  incnmbercr,  igneo  cahdore  a  medio 
noftis  fpatio  ufque  in  auroram  totam  domum  circum  fplendefcere  videbat.  Oriente 
autem  fole,  vir  Dei,  fublevatis  parumper  menibris,  velut  exfurgens  cum  fupra  me- 
morato  fratre  loqui  cepit  dicens,  "  Fill  mi,  prepara  te  in  iter  tuum  pergere.  Nam 
me  nunc  tempus  cogit  ab  his  membris  diflbivi,  fc  decurfis  hujus  vite  terminis  ad  in- 
finita  gaudia  fpiritus  transfcrri  malir."  Dixit,  &  extendcns  raanus  ad  altare,  niu- 
nivit  fe  coramunione  corporis  &  fanguinis  Xpi,  atque  elevatis  oculis  ad  celum,  extcn- 
fifque  in  altum  manibus,  animam  ad  gaudia  perpetue  exultatioiiis  emifir.  Inter  hec 
prefatus  frater  fubito  celetHs  luminis  fplendore  domum  repleri,  turrimque  velut  ig- 
neam  e  terra  in  celum  erectam  profpicit,  in  cnjus  fplendoiis  comparationc  cum  tunc 
fol  in  medio  celo  fleterit  velut  lucerna  in  die  pallefcere  videbatur.  Cantibus 
quoque  angelicis  fpatiuin  totius  aeris  detonari  audiebatur;  infulain  etiam  illam  dl- 
verforum  aromatum  odoriferis  fpiraminibus  inflari  cernercs.  Deinde  fupra  memo- 
ratus  frater  inmenfo  formidine  tremefaftus,  eximil  fplendoris  corufcationem  fuf- 
tinere  non  valens,  arrepta  navicula  portum  reliquit,  ac  deinde  quo  vir  Dei  precepe- 
rat,  certo  itinere  perrexit.  Deveniens  quoque  ad  fanclam  Xpi  virgiiiem  Pegian, 
fraterna  fibi  mandata  omnia  ex  ordine  narravit.  Ilia  vero  his  auditis,  velut  in  pre- 
cipitium  delapfa,  fe  folo  premens,  inmenli  meroris  moleilia  medullitus  emarcult, 
lingua  filuit,  labrum  obmutuir,  omnique  vivali  vigore  velut  exaniinis  evanuii. 
Poll  vero  interventum  temporis,  ceu  fomno  expergefafta,  imis  de  peflore  fifluris 
ionga  fufpiria  trahens,  arbitrio  omnipotentis  grates  cgir.  I'oftera  vero  die,  fecun- 
dum  precepta  beati  viri,  infulam  devenientes  totum  locum  omnel'que  domes  velut 
ambrofiano  odore  repletas  Invenerunt.  Ilia  vero  Dei  famula  trium  dierum  fiiatiis 
fraternum  fpiritum  divinis  laudibus  celo  commendabat,  tertia  die  fecundum  pre- 
ceptura  illlus  felicia  membra  in  oratorio  fuo  humo  tedla  condiderat. 

LI.  Volens  autem  divina  pietas  latins  monftrare  quanta  in  gta  vir  fcs  poft  obitum 
viveret,  cujusante  mortem  vita  fublimibus  crebrifque  miraculorum  indiciis,  populis, 
tribubus,  gentibus  late  ubique  fulgcbat,  addidit  quoque  eterne  commemorationis  indi- 
cium. Tranfaftis  enim  fepulture  ejus  bis  fenis  nienfmm  orbibus,  inmifit  Deus  in  ani- 
mum  fororis  ipfius,  ut  fraternum  corpus  alio  fepulchro  reconderet.  Adgregatis  eroo 
fribus  prelbiterifque,  necnon  &  aliisecclcfiaflicis  gradibus,  dieexitus  iplius,  aperientes 
fepulchrum,  invenerunt  corpus  totum  intCi^rum  quafi  adhuc  viveret,  &  lentis  artu- 
um  flexibus  multo  potius  dormienti  quam  mortuo  fimilius  videbatur.  Sed  tSc  vefii- 
iTienta  omnia  quibus  involutum  crat  uon  folum  intemcrata,  verum  etiam  antiqua  no- 
vitate  &  priftino  candore  fplendebant.  Quod  ubi  qui  iutererant  ^^pfpexerunt,  fta- 
tim  ftupefacli  trementes  fleterunt,  adeo  ut  vix  fari  potuiffent,  vix  miraculum  intu- 
eri  auderent,  &  vix  ipfi  quid  agerent  nolfent.  Quod  ubi  Xpi  famula  Pcgia  ^nfpexit, 
fpiritali  gaudio  commota  fixcratum  corpus  cum  divinarum  venerantia  laudum  in  fin- 
done  quam  eo  vivente  Ecgbertus  anachorita  in  hoc  officium  mittebat  revolvit,  fed  & 
farcofagum  non  huiiio  terre  condidit,  immo  etiam  in  mcmoriale  quoddam  pofuir, 

U  quod 


152  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

quod  nunc  ab  Ethelbaldo  rege  miris  ornamentorum  ftruclis  in  venerantlam  divine 
potentie  edificatum  confpicimus,  ubi  triumphale  corpus  tanti  viri  ufque  in  liodiernum 
temporis  curfum  feliciier  paufat.  Per  cujus  interceffionem  miferationis  divine  indul- 
gentiam  quifquis  integra  fide  puUaverit,  impetrabit.  O  virum  beate  raemorie,  O 
rnagiftrum  divine  gratic,  O  vas  eleftionis,  O  medicum  falutis,  O  preconcin  veritatis,  O' 
tlielaurum  fapientie,  O  quanta  gravitas,  quanta  dignitas  in  verbis  &  confabulationi- 
bus  illius  erat,  quam  alacer,  quam  efficax  in  difcernendis  caufis  fuit,  quam  in  ab- 
folrendis  fcripturarum  (jueflionibus  proniptus  &  faciiis,  quam  in  remiffo  tamulatu 
Deo  ferviret,  in  tantum  ut  numquam  in  illius  ore  nifi  Xps,  numquam  in  illius  cor- 
de  nifi  pietas,  nihil  in  illius  animo  nifi  caritas,  nifi  pax,  nifi  mifericordia,  nifi  indul- 
gcntia  perftabat;  nemo  vidit  ilium  iratum,  nemo  elatum,  nemo  luperbum,  nemo 
commotum,  nullus  mcrentem,  fed  unus  idemque  Icmper  permanens,  letitram  in 
vultu,  gratiam  in  ore,  fuavitatem  in  mcnte,  prudentiam  in  pectore,  humilitatem  in 
cordc  ^fcrabat,  ita  ut  extra  humanam  naiuram  notis  ignoiifque  efl'e  videretur. 

LII.  Poftquam  ergo  prefatus  exul  Ethelbaldus  in  longinquis  regionibus  habi- 
tans  obitum  beati  patris  Guthlaci  audivit,  qui  ante  folus  refugium  &  confolatio  la- 
borum  ipfius  erat,  lubita  arreptus  meftitia,  ad  corpus  ipfius  pvenit,  fperans  in  Diio 
daturum  fibi  refocilationem  aliquam  laboris  fui  p  interceffionem  tanti  viri  Guthlaci. 
Qui  cum  ad  fepulchrum  ilhus  fucceffiirer,  lacrimans  aicbat,  "  Pater  mi,  tu  fcis  mi- 
ferias  meas,  tu  Temper  adjutor  mei  fuiiii,  te  vivente  non  defperabam  in  anguftiis, 
adfuirti  mihi  in  periculis  multis,  per  te  invocabam Diim,  &  liberavit  me:  modo  quo 
vertam  faciem  raeam?  unde  erit  auxilium  mihi?  aut  quis  conlbliabitur  mecum,  pater 
optime?  Si  me  dereliqueris,  quis  me  confolabitur  ?  In  te  fperabam,  nee  me  fpes 
fefellit.'*  Hec  h  muka  alia  ploquens,  fefe  folo  fternebat,  &  fupplex  orans  crebris 
lacrimarum  fiuentis  totum  vultum  rigabat.  Nofturnis  autem  adpropriantibus  um- 
bris,  cum  in  quadam  caliila  qua  ante  vivente  Guthlaco  hofpitari  lolebat  perno^tans, 
mcllam  mentem  hue  illucque  jaiflabatur,  parumper  nofturnis  orationibus  tranfmiflis, 
cum  lumina  lev!  fiamno  dimittcret,  fubito  expergefa61us  totam  cellulam  in  qua  quief- 
cebat  inmenfi  luminis  fplendore  circumfulgefcere  vidit;  &  cum  ab  ignota  vifione 
terreretur,  extemplo  beatum  Guthlacum  coram  adftantem  angelico  fplendore  amic- 
tum  profpicit,  dicentem  ei,  "  Noli  timere,  robullus  efto,  quia  Deus  adjutor  eft  tuus. 
Propterea  veni  ad  te,  quia  Bus  p  interceffionem  meam  exaudivit  preces  tuas.  Noli 
triftari,  dies  enim  miferiarum  tuarum  pterierunt,  &  finis  laborum  tuorum  adeft. 
Nam  priufquam  fol  bis  fenis  voluminibus  annilem  circumvolverit  orbem,  fceptris 
rcgni  dominaberis."  Non  folum  autem  ut  fecerunt  regnum  fibi  ^phetavit,  fed  & 
longitudinem  dierum  fuarum  &  finem  vite  fue  fibi  in  ordine  manifellavit.  Hie  vero 
e  contra  dicebar,  "  Domine  mi,  quod  fignum  mihi  erit,  quia  omnia  fie  evenient  ?" 
Guthlacus  refpondir,  "  Signum  hoc  tibi  erit,  cum  craftina  dies  advenerit  antcquani 
tercia  hora  fiat  his  qui  in  hoc  loco  habitabant  unde  non  fperant  folacia  alimentorum 
donabuntur."  Hiec  dicens  fanftus  vir,  lux  que  coram  apparuit  ab  illius  oculis  re- 
cellit.  Nee  mora,  difta  efFedta  fequuta  funt.  Nam  priufquam  tertia  diei  hora  ^ppin- 
quafict  fignum  in  portum  pulfatum  audierunt,  hominefque  illic  infperata  folacia  por- 
tantes  conlpiciunt.  Exin  ipfe  omnia  que  fibi  difta  eranc  recordans,  indubitata  fpe 
futura  fore  credebat,  fidemque  in  fe  ducibilem  in  vaticiuiis  viri  Dei  dcfixiu     Nee 

iUuii\ 


HISTORY    OF    CROYLAND.  155 

ilium  fides  fefellit.     Ex  illo  cniin  tempore  ufquc  In  hodiernum  diem  infulata  regni 
ipfiiis  felicitas  p  tempora  confequcntia  de  die  in  diem  crefcebat. 

Nee  etium  defunfto  ac  lepulto  Xpi  famulo  Guthlaco  figua  virtutum  ac  fani- 
tatum  que  per  ilium  viventcm  Diis  liominibus  donabat  per  invocationem  interceiTio- 
nis  ipfius  ubique  candcfcere  prcfentem  adiifquc  diem  ceflaverunt,  utqui  vivcns  pom- 
pofis  virtutum  rumoribus  fe  elevare  noluit,  quanti  meriti  vel  quante  valitiuiinis  erat 
poft  obitum  fuum  p  plurima  miraculorum  troj^hca  monllraietur.  Erat  autem  qui- 
dam  vir  paterfamilias  in  ^vincia  Vivifia,  cujus  ociili  bis  fenis  menfium  orbibus 
adempto  vifendi  lumine  fulvis  albuginis  nubibus  tegebantur,  ita  ut  fplcndentis  diei 
lumina  a  furve  noftis  ealigine  fecernere  nequiret  ;  qui  cum  reprobatis  pio^mento- 
rum  fomentis  medendi  falutcm  defperaret,  perpctuamque  fibi  luminis  orbanitatem 
imminere  comperit,  tandem  invento  fakibri  confdio  ad  corpus  lacratiffimum  viri  Dei 
Guthlaci  fe  duci  rogavit,  dicens,  "  Scio  certe  &  confido,  quia  fi  aliquid  de  rebus 
ab  eo  facratis  lumina  mea  tetigerit,  cito  fanabor,  &  vifus  oculorum  meorum  mihi 
reddetur."  Amici  autem  iilius  ut  ipfe  rogaverat  fecerunt ;  duxerunt  quidem  ilium 
ad  portum  infule  Crugland,  &  illic  afcenfa  navi  devenientes  infulam  appctierunt 
colloquium  venerabilis  Xpi  virginis  Pegie  que  ferventis  fiJei  iilius  fpem  indubitatam 
comperiens,  intra  oratorium  quo  corpus  bcati  Guthlaci  recumberet  duci  permilir. 
Ilia  quoque  partem  glutinam  falls  a  Sco  Guthlaco  ante  confecratam  arripiens,  in 
aquam  offertoriam  levi  rafura  mittebat.  Ipfam  denique  aquam  cum  intra  palpebris 
ceci  guttatim  iliilaret,  mirabile  diftu,  ad  piimum  gutte  detrulis  cecitatis  nubibus 
oculis  infufum  lumen  redditum  eft.  Priufquam  enim  alterius  oculi  palpebris  falu- 
taris  limpha  infunderetur,  quicquid  in  domo  effet  in  ordine  narrabar,  vifumque  fibi 
in  eodem  momento  donatum  fatebatur.  Deinde  poftquam  diu  claufas  gratia  per 
gratiam  frontis  reclufit  feneftras  cognovit,  inventum  olini  quod  perdidit  lumen  ; 
dux  fe  ducentibus  fa£tus  eft  revertens  rurfus.  Exin  ubi  lucem  de  fonte  luminis  haufir, 
ibat  quo  venerat,  nee  fie  reverfus  ut  erat,  viditque  videntes  quos  prius  videre  nega- 
■vit,  grates  Domino  perfolvens  dignas  quas  nuUus  reddere  nefcit. 

Explicit  liber  Sci  Guthlaci  Anachorite. 


U 1  AN 


154  APPENDIX        TO        THE 


A  N  abridgement  of  Gutlilac's  life  made  by  Ordericus  Vitalis  at  the  requefl:  of 
prior  Wulfin  is  inferted  in  his  Ecclefiaftical  Hiftory.  He  fays  it  was  written  by  that 
holy  man  Felix  the  Burgundian,  bifliop  of  the  Eaft  Angles,  in  a  proUx  and  fome- 
what  obfcure  ftyle  ^  and  that  he  had  reduced  it  into  a  clear  compenditini  ^  at  the  de- 
fire  of  the  brethren  with  whom  he  pafl;  five  weeks  at  Croyland,  by  order  of  abbot 
Joffrid  '^.  He  introdnces  it  on  the  mention  of  earl  Waldeof  in  the  courfe  of  his 
hiftory,  not  doubting  but  the  lives  of  Saxon  or  Englifh  faints  on  this  fide  the  water, 
will  be  as  profitable  to  the  faithful  of  Cifalpine  Gaul,  as  thofe  long  but  pleafant 
and  ufeful  ftories  of  the  Greek  and  Egyptian  ones;  and  concluding  that  the  lefs  this, 
hiftory  was  formerly  known,  the  more  it  will  pleafe  thofe  who  are  infpired  with- 
fervent  charity,  and  are  deeply  concerned  in  the  tranfaiiions  ''. 

Vitalis,  having  finilhed  his  abftraft  of  the  Saint's  life,  goes  on  to  relate  the  cfr- 
cumftances  of  the  foundation  of  the  abbey,  as  he  had  heard  them  from  Anfgot 
the  fubprior  and  the  fenior  monks:  that  king  Ethelbald  having,  in  one  of  his  vifits 
to  Guthlac,  promifed  to  grant  him  a  quiet  fetdement  in  this  iiland  five  miles  to  the 
eafl  to  Afendic  dyke,  three  to  the  weft,  two  to  the  fouth,  and  two  to  the  north,. 
free  from  all  temporal  tax,  performed  his  promife  by  a  public  charter.  He  erefted 
an  houfe  and  church  of  ftone  on  piles  and  earth  brought  in  by  the  water  of 
Uppalond,  and  fettled  monks  there  under  Kenvvulf  a  perfon  of  reputation  at  that 
lime,  who  left  his  name  to  the  ftone  which  he  placed  as  a  boundary  againft  the 
Deepingers. 

In  the  Danifti  invafion  under  Ingar,  Halfdcne  and  Gudrun  this  monaftery.  among 
others  was  laid  wafte  and  plundered,  the  towns  ruined,  and,  contrary  to  the  canon 
law,  reduced  to  lay  fees  '.  In  the  reign  of  Edred,  Turketyl  a  clerk  of  London  '  of 
the  blood  royal,  and  related  to  Afketul  archbiftiop  of  York,  and  a  man  of  great  pro- 
perty, obtained  of  that  prince  a  grant  of  Croyland,  not  to  increafe  his  pofTefTions, 
but  in  order  to  devote  himfelf  to  religious  retirement  among  the  religious  who  had 
retired  to  that  defart  fpot,  environed  on  every  fide  with  fens  and  marflies.  Ac- 
cordingly after  a  prudent  arrangement  of  his  worldly  affairs,  he  became  monk  at 
Croyland,  and  having  been  inftrumental  in  increafmg  the  number  of  religious 
there,  he  was  by  divine  dircftion  and  the  choice  of  good  men  appointed  their 
mafter  and  abbot.  He  lived  in  habits  of  friendfhip  with  the  holy  prelates  Dun- 
■■  flan  archbiftiop  of  Croyland,  Adelwold  biftiop  of  Winchefter,  Ofwald  biftiop  oF 
Worcefter  afterwards  archbiftiop  of  York.  Such  was  his  liberality  that  he  be- 
flowed  on  this  houfe  fixty  marks  of  his  paternal  eftate,  and  gave  for  the  fouls  of 
his  parents  fix  towns,    viz,  Wellingborough,  Beby,  Werthorp,  Elmington,  Coten- 

'  Prolixo  &  aliqiiantulum  obfcuro  diftntu.  *  Dilucidavi  breviter.  '  Caritativo  jufTu. 

■*  Pi^ttrea  reor  quod   qn;mio  res   h:EC  minus  olim  nollratibus  patuit  tanto  caritatii  igne  t'erventibus 
&  pro  tranlaiais  reatibus  ex  intimo  coide  dolentibus  graiiofius  platebic. 
'  L.iiclque  contra  canonicum  jus  in  doniiniiini  ledadtae. 
1  Quidiiin  clericus  Lundjnienlis. 

ham 


HISTORY    OF    CtlOYLAND.  ^SS 

ham  and  Hokington,  and  confirmed  his  will  by  the  feal  of  king  Edmund  fon  of 
king  Edgar.  Archbifliop  Dunltan  and  his  fiiffragans  fet  their  marks  of  the  crofs 
to  the  above  donation,  adding  a  cnrfe  of  excommunication  and  eternal  perdition  to 
all  who  robbed  the  church  of  any  of  the  above  property. 

Tuvketyl  dying  a  confiderable  time  after  on  the  iv  ides  of  July,  was  fucceeded 
by  his  nephew  Brithmer,  and  he  by  another  Egelric  his  kinfman.  On  his  death 
Ofl<etul  a  monk  of  noble  fam.ily  s  was  appointed  abbot.  His  fifter  Eeniova  was 
lady  of  Enoifefbury,  where  at  that  time  lay  the  body  of  St.  Neot  abbot  and  con- 
feffor,  but  a  fuitable  fervice  was  not  performed  for  him.  She  went  therefore  to 
Wittlefey,  and  fending  for  her  brother  OJketul  and  fome  of  the  monks  of  Croy- 
land,  delivered  to  fome  of  the  worthier  among  them  the  body  of  St.  Neot,  which 
fhe  had  brought  with  her,  and  it  was  depofited  by  the  altar  of  our  lady  in  the 
north  fide  of  the  church,  and  the  feftival  of  the  faint  celebrated  on  2  kal.  Auguff. 
Olketul  dying  12  kal.  November,  was  fucceeded  by  Godric,  and  he  dying  14  kaU- 
February  by  Brithmer. 

There  was  at  that  time  a  religious  houfe  ^  at  Pegeland  under  the  government 
of  the  noble  abbot  Ulfgeat.  Pega  lifter  of  St.  Guthlac  had  long  ferved  the  Lonl 
in  that  place.  After  the  death  of  her  brother  flie  took  a  journey  to  Rome,  where  (he 
died  6  id.  January.  She  was  buried  in  the  church  erefted  here  to  her  memory, 
and  wrought  many  miracles  for  her  votaries. 

On  the  death  of  abbot  Brithmer  7  id.  April,  Ulfgeat  father  of  Pegeland  peti- 
tioned king  Edward  fon  of  Egelred  for  leave  to  unite  the  two  houfes.  His  luit  was 
granted,  and  he  governed  Croyland  many  years,  and  died  on  the  nones  of  July.  He 
was  fucceeded  by  Ulf  ketcl  monk  of  Peterborough  at  the  command  of  his  abbot 
Leofric  and  by  the  appointment  of  king  Edward.  He  governed  twenty-four  years, 
and  began  10  rebuild  the  church  which  was  now  become  ruinous.  In  this  good 
work  he  was  alFilfed  by  Waltheof  earl  of  Northampton  fon  of  Sivard,  duke  of 
Northuinberland,  who  gave  the  town  called  Bernack  to  the  fervants  of  Cod  and 
St.  Gnthlac.  This  earl  being  not  long  after  by  the  malice  of  the  Normans  who 
envied  him  beheaded  at  Winchefter,  his  body  at  the  requeft  of  his  wife  Judith, 
with  king  William's  leave,  was  conveyed  by  Ulfketel  to  Croyland. 

Shorily  after  the  abbot  himfelf,  being  an  Enghfhinan  and  obnoxious  to  the 
Normans,  was  on  a  charge  brought  againil  him  by  his  enemies  deprived  by  arch* 
biffiop  Lanfranc,  and  co'nfined  in  Glaftonbury  abbey.  Ingulfns  a  monk  of  Fonte- 
nelle  was  prefented  to  Croyland  abbey  by  king  William,  and  governed  it  twenty- 
four  years  during  many  troubles.  He  was  of  Englilli  cxtraftion,  lecretary  to  the  king, 
and  took  a  journev  to  Jerufalem,  Frorn  thence  he  returned  to  Fontenclle,  and  re- 
ceived the  tonfure  '  under  the  learned  abbot  Eubert  there.  The  king,  who  was 
acquainted  with  him  before,  fent  for  him,  and  made  him  abbot  of  Croyland.  One 
of  the  firll  afts  of  his  adminittration  was  to  obtain  the  king's  favour  for  UUke- 
tel  to  return  to  his  own  church  at  Peterborough,  where  he  died  a  few  years  af- 
ter 7  id.  June. 


t  Mas'nie  nobilhatis.  ''  Coenobium.  '  Monachilcm  habituin. 


Ingul- 


156  APPENDIX        TO        THE 

Ingulfus  fpared  no  pains  to  relieve  his  monaflery,  but  experienced  many  trials  df 
■providence.  Part  of  tlie  church  with  the  offices  ^,  veftments,  books,  and  many 
other  neceflary  articles  were  deftroyed  by  a  fudden  fire.  He  himfelf  was  greatly 
flftlidfed  with  the  gout  long  before  his  death  ;  but  his  activity  of  nind  n^jver  for- 
fook  him.  He  ordered  the  body  of  earl  VValtheof  to  be  tranflaicd  from  the 
chapter  into  the  church,  and  ivater  to  be  ivanned  to  tvaJJo  the  bones.  But  no 
fooner  was  the  lid  of  the  farcophagus  removed,  than  the  body  though  it  had  lain 
there  fixteen  years  appeared  as  entire  as  the  day  it  was  buried,  and  the  head  faf- 
tened  to  it:  only  the  monks  and  feveral  lay  affiilants  faw  a  red  thread  '  as  a  mark 
of  his  having  been  beheaded.  After  the  body  was  depofued  near  the  altar  it 
wrought  many  miracles. 

Ingulfus  dying  i6  kal.  December  was  fucceeded  by  Joffrid,  who  was  a  fingular 
benefactor  to  the  church  of  Croyland.  He  was  a  native  of  Orleans  in  France,  and 
had  from  his  youth  received  a  learned  education,  in  the  abbey  of  St.  Ebrulf,  found- 
ed by  that  holy  man  at  Uticum,  in  the  reign  of  Childebert,  he  took  the  tonfure 
Tinder  abbot  Mainer.  After  fifteen  years  probation  there  in  the  different  offices, 
he  was  appointed  prior,  and  in  the  year  1009,  by  order  of  king  Henry  of  Eng- 
land, was  advanced  to  this  abbey.  He  finiflied  the  new  church  in  a  moft  beautiful 
manner,  and  during  the  fifteen  years  of  his  adminilfration  completed  feveral  other 
good  undertakings  for  the  benefit  of  himfelf  and  the  flock  committed  to  his  care. 
In  his  fecond  year  miracles  were  firft  wrought  at  the  tomb  of  earl  Waltheof  to  the 
great  joy  of  the  Englifli;  but  Audinus  a  Norman  monk  ridiculing  the  devotees, 
and  reflecting  on  the  earl  as  a  traiter,  while  the  abbot  was  mildly  reproving  him, 
Le  was  fuddenly  feized  with  a  diforder  in  his  bowels  ",  and  died  at  St.  Alban's  to 
which  abbey  he  belonged.  The  following  night  as  the  abbot  lay  revolving  thefe 
things  in  his  mind,  he  thought  himfelf  placed  by  the  fhrine  of  the  earl,  and  the 
apoille  Bartholomew  and  the  hermit  Guthlac  with  him  in  white  garments.  The 
apoftle  taking  the  head  as  faflened  to  the  body  "  faid,  "He  is  not  headlefs  •," 
Guthlac  at  the  feet  anfwered,  "  he  was  an  e^rl."  The  apofl:le  clofed  the  line  ° 
by  adding,  "  but  now  he  is  a  king  p."  The  abbot  relating  this  to  the  monks,  they 
glorified  God  who  never  forfaketh  thofe  who  put  their  truft  in  him.  After  fifteen 
years  adminiftration  JoflVid  died,  and  was  fucceeded  by  Waldeve  an  Englifhman, 
monk  of  the  houfe  and  brother  of  Gofpatric  an  Englifli  nobleman.  Miracles  in- 
creafing  at  the  earl's  tomb,  Vitalis  an  Englifliman  was  ordered  to  celebrate  them, 
which  he  did  in  the  followiiig  verfe : 

En  tegit  ifte  lapis  hominem  magnse  probitatis. 
Danigcnffi  comitis  Siwardi  filius  audax, 
Guallevus,  comes  eximius,  jacet  hie  turaulatus, 
Vixit  honorandus,  armis  animifqiie  timendus. 
Et  tamen  inter  opes  corrupiibiles  &  honores 
Chriflum  dilexit,  Chriftocjuc  placere  fategit. 

*  Officinis.  '  Filuni  rubicundum.  ""  Iiifiimitate  in  pricordiis  percuflus  eft. 

^  Caput  corpori  redintegratum  accipicns.  "  Monadicoii. 

f  Acephalus  non  eft,  comes  hie  tuit,  at  modo  rex  eft. 

^  Eccle- 


HISTORY    OF    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D..  157- 

Ecclcfiam  coluit,  clerum  revercntcr  amavit, 

Prfficipiie  monachos  Cruiandcnfes  libi  (idos, 

Denique  judicibiis  Normannis  enfe  peremptus 

Luce  tub  extrema  Mail  petit  artubus  arva.. 

Cujus  heri  gleba  Cmlandia  gaudet  aquofa, , 

Qnam  dum  vivebat  valde  reverenter  amabat. 

Omnipotens  anims  requiem  det  in  setheiis  arce. 
King  William's  arms  never  profpered,  nor  did  he  enjoy  peace  long  after  the- 
murder  of  this  earl,  which  was  a  lalling  reproach  on  him;  and   his  i fl  11  e  were  fo- 
completely  rooted  out  of  England  that  tliey  will  never,  fays  our  author,  unlefs- 
1  am  much  mirtaken,  get  footing  in  it  more." 

Thus  far  Ordericus  Vitalis :  iiiftor.  Ecclefiafl.  IV.  537 — 544.  edit.  Du  Chefne.^ 
Par.  1 619.  fol. 

Waltheof  was  a  taUhandfome  man,  of  a  liberal  and  undaunted  fplrit,  very  de-- 
vouc,   and  charitable  to  the  poor.     He  was  kept  a  year  in  prifon  at  Wincherter*. 
which  time  he  fpent  in  confclling  his  fins,  and  repeating  every  day  the  150  pfalms, 
which  he  learnt  by  heart  in  his  youth.     (lb.  5350 

In  the  pariili  of  Swaffham  irr  the  county  of  Norfolk  north  weft  of  the  town,, 
about  two  miles  by  the  Lynn  road,  was  a  hamlet  antiently  called  Stow  and  Guth~- 
lake's  Stow,  from  the  cliapel  that  was  there  dedicated  to  St.  Guthlac,  thus  defcribed 
in  the  regifter  of  Caftleacre  abbey  in  the  Harleian  library  (fol.  97.  80.)   Alan  fon 
of  Godfrey  of  Swaffham  t.  Henry  If.  gave  to  the  monks  there  liberty  of  a  fold 
eourfe  and  all  the  tenements  they  held  of  him  in  Swaffham  and  Guthlake's  Stow,, 
and  eighteen  acres  thereof  lying  near  St.  Guthlac's  chapel,  &c.    Gilbert  de  Gaunt 
his   nephew,     earl  of  Leiceiler,    confirmed  to   them  forty   acres   at  Cudlacijlovia. 
Alexander  de  Baflingburne  releafed  to  them  all  William  de  Meleburne's  lands  in; 
Guthlake's  Stow.     It  is  probable  the  prior  and  convent  were  obliged  to  find  a  prieft 
to  officiate  on  certain  days  in  this  chapel;  for  39  Edw.  III.  the  prior  was  fummoned 
to  a  court  held  for  John  of  Gaunt  duke  of  Lancafter,  to  fhew  caufe  why  he  fhould. 
not  find  a  prieft  to  officiate  two  days  in  a  week  in  this  chapel,  as  he  had  been  pro- 
fecuted  for  not  doing  it ;  but  he  {hewed  he  was  under  no  ("uch  obligation  X     This 
place  is  now  called   by  corruption  Good  lack's  clofes.     The  chapel   was  Handing, 
1464,  when   Richard  Plumbe,   chaplain,   bequeathed   three  fliillings  to  repair  the 
ceiling  over  the  high  altar  '. 

Many  other  religious  focieties  were  efiabliflied  in  honour  of  St.  Guthlac  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  kingdom.     There  was  a  church  of  St.  Guthlac  at  Hereford  and' 
many  other  places.     To  fome  of  thefe  belonged  lands  in  Worcefierlhire  at  the^ 
making  of  Domefday. 

Terra  Sci  Guthlaci.     In  Clent  hund'.. 

De  S.  Gulhico  tenet  Nigcllus  medicus  i  hid'  in  Wicb  (Droil-zvichJ 

Ibi  funt  IX  burgenfes  reddentes  xxx  fol.  de  faliuis  &  pro  omnibus  rebus.. 

1  Reg.  ubi  fop.  t,  135-6.  .  '  Reg.  Betyns,  p.  159.  Elomefield  Norf.  III.  502.- 


isS  APPENDIX. 

Dr.  Nafli  -  millakes  in  fuppofmg  that  the  canons  of  Wolverhampton  held  their 
lands  at  Lndlcy  in  the  parifh  of  Halefowen  of  this  church  :  for  their  article  in 
Domefday,  though  it  follows  that  of  St.  Guthlac,  is  totally  diftinft. 

In  the  chapel  of  St.  Cuthbert  ^  at  Hereford  were  of  old  time  prebendaries  who 
were  tranflated  to  the  church  of  St.  Peter  within  the  city,  built  by  W.  de  Lacy 
t.  William  the  Conqueror,  and  endowed  by  him  with  feveral  eftates ",  which  col- 
legiate church  with  all  its  revenues  being  given  A.  D.  1107  by  Hugh  de  Lacy  his 
fon  to  St.  Peter's  abbey  at  Glouceiter,  the  provoft  and  fecular  canons  were  changed 
into  a  prior  and  BenedicTine  monks,  who  were  removed  into  the  eaft  luburb  with- 
out Bifhopfgate,  wliere  Roberr  Betun  '^  bifliop  of  Hereford  gave  them  the  ground 
whereon  was  built  the  monaflery  of  St.  Peter,  St.  Paul,  and  St.  Guthlac,  val, 
26  Hen.  Vlll.  at  121  1.  3  s.  3d.  ob.  per  annum.  The  cell  of  St.  Guthlac  near 
Hereford,  parcel  of  St.  Peter's  Glouceifer,  was  granted  34  Hen.  VIII.  to  John  Ap 
Rice.  This  houfe  was  not  for  nuns  as  Gervafe  of  Canterbury  IMS.  nor  was  the 
priory  for  Francifcan  friars,  and  the  priory  of  Sr.  Peter  and  St.  Paul  for  canons 
Auguftine  as  Speed  •,  for  this  was  but  one  priory  though  called  fometimes  by  the 
name  of  one  faint  and  fometimes  by  that  of  another,  and  often  by  the  name  of  all 
three.  Rymer  III.  292.  Regifl  Fox  MS.  kc.  See  Mon.  Ang.  I.  113.  115.  118. 
ex  Chronicis  Gloc.  p.  406.  Ciauf.  15  E.  II.  m.  22.  &  p.  726.  Clauf.  5  E.  II.  m. 
19.  Par.  50  H.  III.  n.  34.  de  raolendino  fubtus  muros  de  Hereford.  Rot.  Pat.  8  R.  II. 
p.  I.  m.  16.  Pat.  15  R.  II.  p.  I.  m.  .  Tanner  Not.  Mon.  174.  St.  Peter's  vica- 
rage and  St>  Owen's  united  in  Hereford  belonged  to  the  priory  of  St.  Guthlac  >'; 
fo  did  Homelacy  vicarage  %  though  this  does  not  appear  in  Mr.  Gibfon's  account 
of  that  church,  where  it  is  called  St.  Peter's  church  ^. 

'^  Notes  on  Domefday,  tab.  IX.   p.  :;• 

•  Which  feems  to  have  been  in  tlie  cal'tle.    Leiand  It.  IV.  85. 

"  He  fell  from  the  ladder  while  it  was  building,  and  died.  Dugd.  Brir.  I.  35. 

'^  Leiand  It.  IV.  87.  Rlon.  Angl.  III.  i.  8. 

y  Efton.  156.  ^  lb.   157.  =  P.   123. 


/^^^^ 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    O  F     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  15; 


An  original  letter  of  John  abbot  of  Croyland,  probablv  John 
Lytlyngton,  in  Cotton  MSS.  Cleopatra  E.  iv.  fol.  57.  b.  not 
having  come  to  hand  fooner  is  here  fnbjoined. 

WITH  dew  revence  I  comaund  me  unto  yo-vvr  honorable  lordfliipe,  asserteynj'n"- 
the  fame,  that  I  fende  yowr  lordfliipe  by  this  berar  parte  of  owr  fennefyflie.  Ryght 
mekcly  befechyng  yowr  lurdlhlp  favorablye  to  accepte  the  fame  fy(he,  and  to  be 
gud  an  favorable  lorde  unto  me  and  my  pore  houfe  in  fuche  caufe  as  I  herafter 
llialhave  caufe  to  fewe  unto  your  gud  lordlhip,  and  I  with  my  brethcrn  (hall  daily 
pray  to  owre  Lord  God  for  the  long  contynnaunce  of  your  good  lordfliip  in  helih. 
Ac  Croyland,  the  xxvth  day  of  Marchc,  by  yowr  dayly  oratour. 

John  Abbot. 


INDENTURE  of  a  Icafe,  1432,  for  20  years,  of  a  plot  of  ground  with  the 
buildings  thereon  in  Spalding,  between  lands  of  the  prior  and  convent  Sir  Tho- 
mas Fale  North,  Halmergate  Eaft,  and  the  common  bank  of  Spalding  (i.  e.  the  ri- 
ver bank)  Weft,  under  the  yearly  rent  of  XX  s.  pavable  quarterly,  vs.  at  Ealler, 
xl.'i.l  Botulphmas,  v  s.  at  Michaelmas,,  and  v  s.  at  Chriftmas,  with  a  claufc  of  re- 
entry on  failure  of  any  payment  and  of  diflrcfs  and  retenier :  "  Et  ad  des  conven- 
coes  pdcas  ex  utraq-  pte  bene  &  futtr  obfervand'  ptes  pdc:e  figilla  fua  pfentibs  in- 
dent* alternat'  appofuerunt.  lliis  teftibus  :  Joh^-  Speck,  Henr'  Weilon,  Jolie 
Swanno,  &  aliis  de  Spaldyng.  Dat'  ap'  Spaldyng  die  veneris  ^x'  ante  feltum  Af- 
fencois  Dili  a°  regni  regis  H.-nrici  fcxto  decimo,"  1.  e.  5  May,  1432.  On  a  label  of 
tiie  fame  thick  velum  drawn  through  the  turn-up  ac  the  Ijonom  of  this  deed  a 
round  feal  of  red  wax  a  capital  fR  crowned,  the  initial  of  the  leiTor's  name  or  per- 
haps in  honour  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  a  conceit  not  uncommon  in  thofe  times.  By 
the  words  zororg  hunded  indorfed  twice  in  a  more  modern  hand,  it  ihonld  lecm  it 
\vd%  imagined  tlure  was  fome  miftake  in  it  as  to  that  point.  It  is  the  carlieft  inilance 
JM'r.  Johnfon  had  fc^n  of  the  mention  of  its  being  fealed  nhtrnately  •,  the  covenants 
for  repairs  mutually  are  worded  in  the  ablative  cafe  with  participles. 

Spalding  Society's  ISdinutcs. 


C  O  R- 


rf,6  APPENDIX         TO         THE 


CORRECTIONS   and   ADDITIONS. 


p.  20.  1.  6.  r.  Hoketon. 

P.  22.  1.  7.  from  the  bottom,  Brithmcr  died  8  id.  April,   1048. 

P.  24.  1.  2.  for  Thoroki  read  Turketyl. 

'P.  26.  1.  8.  deprived  him  of  his  abbacy  1075. 

P.  48.  An  ample  pedigree  of  Alan  de  Crciin,  who  was  buried  on  the  fouth  fide 
of  the  high  altar,  may  be  feen  in  Stukelcy's  Itin.  I.  p,  23.  and  part  of  it  in  Tho- 
roton's  Nottingham(hire,  p.  174.  His  family  was  the  molt  illuftrious,  and  his  ba- 
rony the  firft  and  moft  confiderable  in  Anjou. 

P.  51.  1.  16.  died  1 19c. 

Ibid.  1.  25.  for  Anjow  r.  Anglers. 

Ibid.  Add  to  note  •-,  Dugdale,  Hillory  of  Imbanking  and  Draining,  p.  211.  and 
fee  Appendix. 

P.  52.  1.  5    r.  Angiers. 

P.  55   note  to  paragraph  6.  Dugd.  Hift.  of  Imbank.  p.  212. 

!'•  56-  SI-  5^-  6'-  7^'  Richard  Bardeney  is  faid  in  a  MS.  account  I  faw  in  the 
hands  of  Mr.  Albin  bookfeller  at  Spalding  to  have  rebuilt  the  north  fide  of  the  church 
and  the  infirmary,  and  Ralph  Mcrfke  the  weft  front  and  turrets,  and  great  part 
of  the  nave,  which  had  been  blown  down  ;  and  Richard  Ciroyland  is  faid  to  have 
been  depofed  by  the  bifiiop  [of  Lincoln]  for  preferring  his  relations  to  the  monaf- 
rerv,  and  abbot  Afliby  to  have  given  the  large  bells  in  the  outward  belfrey,  and 
made  the  great  double  doors  to  the  abbey  gate,  and  abbot  VVilbech  to  have  re- 
paired the  old  organs  and  procured  new  ones.  This  MS.  feems  to  be  a  tranllation 
of  the  Harlcian  MS.  in  the  Appendix. 

P.  79.  Valentine  Walton  married,  June  20,  1607,  Margaret  third  filler  of  Oli- 
ver Cromwell, 

Ibid.  1.  13.      Fill  up  the  blank  25. 

P.  88.  note  *,  Mr.  Willis  adds,  Watkin  Rodcley,  cf(|;  that  married  the  dutchefs 
of  Somerfet,  and  was  alive,  as  fome  fay,  in  Henry  the  Seventh's  time,  was  buried 
in  the  Lady  chapel. 

P.  103.  Roger,  monk  of  Croyland,  and  afterwards  prior  of  Frefton,  diftinguifii- 
cd  himfelf  by  his  learning.  He  was  a  warm  partizan  of  Becket,  and  wrote  his  lite 
in  fix  or  feven  books,  dedicated  to  Henry  abbot  of  Croyland  about  the  end  of  Ri- 
chard I.  and  beginning  of  John.  Three  books  with  an  cpilfolary  addrefs  from 
abbot  Henry  to  the  archbifiiop  of  Canterbury  are  in  the  Bodleian  library  Muf. 
22.  Three  impcrfed:  at  the  beginning  with  a  fourth  of  Bccket's  miracles  after 
his  death  in  Univerfity  College  library  F.  2.     1-eland.  Tann.  Bib.  Brit.  640. 

V.  104.  Some  remains  of  Pega's  cell  at  Peakirk,  as  windows,  Sec.  at  fome  dis- 
tance from  the  church. 

P.  108.  1.  6.  The  perfon  concealed  under  the  fignature  of  Gi^/Z'/V  was  Mr.  Row- 
land Roufr,  of  Market  Harborough,  Lciccfterfliire. 

3  I" 


HISTORY    OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  i6r 

In  the  Appendix,  No.  I.  is  horn  Ingulphus.     Dugd.  Mon.  Ang.   I.    164.     See 
alio  Rot.  I'at.  17  R.  I.  p.  I.  m.  31. 

No.  II.  from  Ingulphus  and  Mon.  Ang.  I.  165. 
No.  HI.  from  !ngul()hus  and  Sreevcns,  I!.  6£. 

No.  IV.  from  Ingulphus,  Mon.  Ang.  I.  165.  Spehnan's  Councils,  336. 
No.  V.  Cbarta  Bertulpbi  regis  from  Ingulphus,   p.  12.    Spelman,  ib.  344. 
Steevcns,  II.  Appendix  66. 
No.  VI.  from  Ingulphus,  p.  17. 

No.  VII.  from  Ingulphus,  p.  t8.  Steevens,  II.  Appendix  68, 
No.  VIII.  from  Ingulphus,  p.  32. 
No.  IX.  from  Ingulphus,  p.  42.  Steevens  II.  Appendix  71. 
No.  X.  from  Ingulphus,  p.  58.  Steevens  II.  Appendix  71. 
No.  XI.  from  Ingulphus,  p.  63. 

No.  XH.  from  Ingulphns,  p.  24.  Steevens  Appendix  II.  72. 
No.  XIII.  from  Ingulphus,  p.  80. 

No.  XIV.  from  Ingulphus,  p.  85.  Steevens  II.  Appendix  72. 
No.  XV.  from  Ingulphus,  p    86.  Steevens  II.  Appendix  72, 
No.  XVI.  from  Ingulphus,  p.  95. 
No.  XVlI.  from  Ingulphus,  p.  121. 
No.  XVIII.  or  XIX.  from  Continuatio  Hifl;.  Croylandenfii,  471. 
No.  XXI.  The  original  was  fliewn  to  the  Spalding  Society  1746. 
Ibid.  1. 6.  r.  Henricum  Longchamp. 
P.  40.  1.  1 1,  r.  and  laying. 
Ibid.  1.  21.  r.  men  fervauntz. 
P.  41.  1.  13.  in  that  behalve. 
Ibid.  1.  26.  r.  Ney'  (for  neither). 
Ibid.  1.  27.  r.  theyre  fervauntz. 
Ibid.  1.  34.  r.  for  the  tyme. 
Ibid.  I.  36.  r.  ney^ 
P.  42.  1.  4.  r.  nor  his  aflygnes. 
Ibid.  1.  ID.  r.  beforn. 
Ibid.  14.  r.  to  him  by  me. 
Ibid.  1.  26.  r.  expenfes  of  the  parties  fo,  &c. 
Ibid.  1.  ;2.  r.  ancinft. 


Directions  for  placing  the  Plates. 

Plate  I.  S.  W.  View  of  the  Abbey,  to  face  the  Title. 
II.  Tokens,  &c.  P*  73 

III.  Old  Map,  84 

IV.  Bintrefs  of  Wefl  Front,  87 
V.  Abbot's  Chair,  98 

VI.  The  Bridge,  107 

Two  Views  of  the  Croyland  Boundary  Stone  are  printed 
(on  the  Letter  Prefs)  at  the  End  of  the  Preface. 


***  The  Subfcribers  to  Mr.  John  Carter's  View  of  the  Wefl:  Front  of 
Crovland  Abbey  may  now  have  their  Print,  on  Payment  of  the  Second  Sub- 
fcription,  at  Mr.  Basire's  in  Great  Queen  Street,  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields;  or 
«t  J.  Nichols's,  in  Red  Lion  PalTage,  Fleet  Street. 


(    iH   ) 


ADDITIONS     to     CROYLAND. 


An  Engiifli  cclle6lion  of  the   Antiquities   of   Croyland   Abbey, 
made  by  Ar.  fervant  to  Margaret,  Countes 

of  Richmond,  brought  downe  to  i  Hen.  VIII. 

Ethelbaldus,  R.  I.    Carta  fundaconis  *. 

716.  TT'GO  Ethelbaldus,  r.  Merciorum,  &c.  Dedit  de  thefauro  fuo  ccc  t.  ^  x 
JJ^  annis  fequentibus  c  L  annuatim  for  the  building. 
Kenulphus  monachus  Eveiham  conftitutus  primus  abbas.  Subfcribed  Ethelbal- 
dus r.  Merciorum.  Brightwaldus  archiepifcopus  Dorobernia:.  Winfridus  ep.  Mer- 
ciorum. Ingualdus,  London.  Adwinus  Lichfeild,  Tobias  RofFenf.  Ethelredus 
iil>l>'  de  Bardene  ;  Egbaldus  de  Meadbampfled ;  Egga  comes  Lincoln ;  Leuricus  Lei- 
ceftr'  J  Saxulfus  fil'  Saxulfi  comitis.     Ingulfus  facerdos. 

O  F  F  A,   R.    2  -f-. 

793.  Confirmatio  OfFffi  R.  Merciorum.  (fundavit  monafterium  nigrorura  mo* 
nach'  in  Verolamia). 

Kenulpho  fucceitit  abbas  Patricus  II. 

Sivvardus  III.  abbas,  confanguineus  R.  Kenulphi. 

K  E  Nu  L  r  u  s,  R.  3. 

8o5.     Confirmatio  Kenulfi  R.  Merciorum. 

Confirmavit  eleemofynas  Thoroldi  vicecom'  Lincoln  In  Boklnghall;  Sc  Geolphi 
fil'  Malti  in  Halmijier  %  j  Fregifti  mil'  in  Langtofte ;  &  Algari  in  Bafton  h  lle- 
pingale. 

*  Ex  Ingulf,  851,  Ingulf,  854.  J  Halington,  1  Ingiilph- p.  857,' 

r  With- 


104  ADDITIONS        TO        THE 

y  WlTHLAFUS,    R.    4. 

S^^.  Witlilafus  iTii  menfes  fecreto  confervatus  a  Sivardo  abbate  confirmavic 
doncones  priores,  &  eas  ampliavit :  made  the  whole  iland  vvithfennes  of  Alderland 
and  Cogo]Jland  a  fanftuary  ;  and  impofed  loffe  of  right  foote  to  v,'homfoaver  fhould 
violate  the  fame;  gave  divers  ornaments  to  the  abbey. 

He  confirmed  the  graunts  of  Normanus  the  flieriffe,  in  Sutton  nere  Bnfworth, 
with  the  maner  of  Stapleton,  and  lands  in  Badby  ;  of  Algarus  the  earl  in  Holbech, 
CapeLule,  and  Spalding;  of  Ofwynus,  in  Dra\ton;  of  Afketcllus,  in  Clapthorne  ; 
of  Wulgetus,  in  Peykirke,  and  Cathrop;  of  Siwardus  the  flieriffe,  in  Kirkby  ;  of 
Sigwarda  the  counteffe,  in  Standon ;  of  Wulnettus,  in  Addington. 

Bartholfus,  R.  5  *. 

851.  Bartholfus,  famous  fpoyler  of  abbeys,  tooke  away  all  the  Jewells,  chaincs, 
and  veflels  of  gold  and  filver  :  afterwards  by  the  admonition  of  Siwardus  abbot,  he 
confirmed  and  encreafed  the  former  grants ;  and  gave  lands  in  Pinchbecke,  Sutter- 
ton,  and  Alderchurch.     Dat' apud  Kingfbury. 

Then  began  frequent  perigrinacions  to  the  tomb  of  St.  Gutlake  in  Croyland;  and 
the  licke  of  the  palfey  were  curedo- 

Beorredus,  R.  6\. 

Siwardus  moritur ;  Theodocus  Abbas  fuccedit. 

860.     Confirmatio  Beorredi  Regis.     Dat'  apud  Snotingham. 

Grant  %  of  earl  Algarus  the  yonger  of  the  manor  of  Spalding,  for  the  foute  of  earl 
Algarus  the  elder. 

Merreardus  miles  dedit  cc  meffuages,  and  cccc  cottages  in  Dcping,  and  11  pfo- 
nages,  8c  alia  quaedam. 

§  The  Danes,  after  cruell  {laughters  in  Kefleven,  came  to  Croyland  ;  where 
King  OfliitelUis  himfelfe  flew  the  abbott,  as  he  was  at  fervice  with  other  priefls, 
who  were  alfo  flayne  with  all  the  people  that  were  fled  out  of  the  towne  into 
the  abbey  :  then  were  the  buildings  pulled  downe  and  fired,  and  all  the  goods  be- 
came a  prey  to  the  Danes  ;  who  thence  went  to  Meadhampfted,  where  they  alfo 
did  much  and  more  mifchiefe.  867.  Some  monks  that  hid  themfeves  in  the  fens, 
after  atyme  returned,  and  chofe  Theodiricke  theyr  abbatt  in  the  place  of  Theodoce. 

En  Chronica  Croylandenfi  \\, 

After  thefe  two  abbeys  were  thus  deftroyed  by  the  Danes,  king  BeorreJus 
tooke  all  theyr  lands  into  his  owne  hands,  viz.  from  Medehampltede  whatfoever 

*  Ingulf.  £58.  i  Ingulf.  863. 

+    10^.864,  §  Ing.  856.  jl  Ing.86S. 

Was 


HISTORY    OF    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  16^ 

was  betwene  Stamford,  Huntingdon,  and  Deping.,  and  from  St.  Guthlake  in  Croyland 
he  gave  diveis  maners  to  his  nobles,  which  were  never  rellored,  as  to  earl  Adel- 
wullus,  the  mancr  oi  Spald'hig ;  to  Lanferus  mil'  the  inaner  of  Deping;  to  Forme- 
clus,  the  king's  Handard-beaier,  the  niancr  of  Crcxton  ;  to  carl  Turgotiis,  the  mi- 
ners of  Kirton  and  Kcnijey  in  Lindfey.  All  the  other  lands  were  rellored  by  the 
donacion  of  Edredus. 

Ceowulfus,  R.  7. 

Ceowulfus,  an  Englifliman,  fervant  to  King  Beorredus,  by  means  of  the  Danes 
obteined  the  kingdom.  He  esafted  of  the  abbey  M  t.  yearely  ;  infomuch  as  rlic 
alibot  was  glad  to  fell  all  his  plate,  Jewells,  &c.  to  ralfe  money  for  the  king ;  vviio 
after  perilhed  niiferably. 

Alfridus,  R.  8. 

King  Alfred  fubdued  the  Danes ;  divided  the  kingdome  into  (liircs,  hnnureds,  ty- 
things,  and  hamletts.  In  compaHion  ot  old  abbot  Goodric,  he  purpofed  to  rellcre 
tlie  monafiery,  but  was  prevented  by  death. 

Edredus,  R.  9  *. 

King  Edred,  third  fon  of  Edred  the"^lder,  fent  Turketellus,  lord  of  lx  manners, 
and  his  chancellor,  for  difpatch  of  fome  brifines  in  the  county  of  Yorke  ;  who  taking 
his  journey  by  Croyland,  where  he  was  courteoully  enrcrtayned  (whence  it  v/as 
.rnamed  Croyland  the  Gourteons  -,)  gave  xx  t  -f.  to  the  fervants  in  the  houfe  ;  and 
at  his  returne  earneflly  follicited  the  king  for  the  reflauracion  of  this  inonaltery, 
which  he  obtayned.  And  at  length  became  himfelfe  a  monke  and  abbot  here  ;  and 
gave  all  his  manners  to  the  king,  excepte  the  tenth,  viz.  6.  IVendlingborough,  El" 
tnington,  Worthorpton,  Cotenham,  Heckinton,  and  Bcebyc. 

94S.  The  king  came  himfelfe  in  pcrfon  with  Turketellus,  and  gave  him  the  paf- 
toral  ftaffe,  where  he  was  confecrated  by  Eodwulphus  the  bifliop.  The  king  con- 
firmed the  donacions  (except  before  mentioned  number  6.)  and  tooke  order  for  the 
repayring  of  the  building  J. 

Eadgarus,  R.  10  §, 

966.  Turketellus  abbot  obtayned  of  king  Eadgar  a  large  conErmacion  of  Edrcd's 
relbtucion. 

970.  Meadhampfted  abbey  *ivas  rellored  by  Athehvoldus  Rp.  of  Winton,  and 
dedicated  to  St.  Peter,  whence  the  towne  was  called  Peterburgh.  v.  Ingulf,  p.  883. 

975.  Turketellus- obiit:  vir  fenex  &  pius  5  nonas  Julii.  Egelwinus  abbas  fuc- 
Geflit.     984.  Egelwinus  obiit  IJ. 

*  Ingulf.  872.  f  Centum  folidos  (Ingulf.)  J:  in  reditu  xxl,  %  Ingulf.  873. 

§  Ingulf.  880.  |l   Ingulf.  S88. 

T  z  Ethel- 


i66  ADDITIONS        TO        THE 

EtHELDREDUS,    R.    II*. 

992.  Egehvinus  junior,  abbas,  obiit.  Oftetellus  abbas;  a  playne  man,  goclly, 
and  charitable.  In  his  dayes  king  Etheldred  afflifted  all  monafleries  of  England 
with  grievous  exadions  for  payment  of  tribute  to  the  Danes :  ob.  IC05. 

i:.  Guthericus  abbas  (nccedit  Oflvetello.  in  his  dayes  Swane,  king  of  Den- 
marke  made  great  fpoyle  in  England;  (1008.)  burnt  Bafion  and  Lavgeoft  \  alfo  the 
abbc-j  of  St.  Pega,  Clinton,  Northam,  Buribam,  Maxcy,  Elton,  Badington,  and  Bar- 
nacke  were  all  bnrnt  :  fo  were  alfo  the  monalteries  of  i'.  Peter,  Egthorp,  Walthin,  Wi- 
theringlon^  Pajhn,  Doddefihorp,  and  Eafter.  Swaine  fpared  the  abbey  of  Croyland 
for  M  raarkes.  For  which  abbott  Guthericus  was  forced  to  purchafe  the  proteflion 
of  duke  Edricus  with  money,  and  to  give  him  the  maner  of  Badby  for  100  yeares 
for  his  defence  :  which  maner  was  after  the  tyme  expired  utterly  loft. 

Canutus,  R.  13  f. 

Guthericus  being  dead,  before  A.  D.  1023.  Brightmerus  fucceeded  abbott :  who 
procured  of  king  Canutus  a  confirraacion  of  all  lands,  privileges,  &c.  1032. 

Edwardus,  R.   14. 

1048.  Brightmerus  ob.  7.  idib.  Apr.  1048.  Wolgatus  fucceeded,  who  was 
{omtiy vat  zhhot  oi  Pegcy'midX:  to  whom  in  his  firft  yeare  king  Edward  granted 
confirmacion,  &c. 

1 05 1.  Egelricus,  fometyme  monke  of  Peterburgh,  being  bifhop  of  Durham,  . 
made  a  firme  caufey  through  the  middle  of  the  deepe  fens  of  Spalding  and  Deping  ; 
from  him  called  Elrickroad, 

K.  Edward  procured  the  tribute  called  Daneguilt  to  be  releafed.     Ingulf.  S97. 
Thoroldus  vicecomes  Lincoln,  gave  to  the  abbey  the  maner  of  Spalding.     lb.  897. 

1052.  Wolgatus  ob.  nonis  Jun.  Walketellus  fucceeded  abbott.  earl  Waldev 
ftricken  in  confcience  reftored  the  towne  oi  Barnacke  to  Crowland.     Ingulf.  895. 

About  this  tyme  was  borne  Hewardus  fon  of  earl  Leofricus,  the  very  He£lor  of" 
his  tyme.     This  Heward  was  lord  of  Burne,  who  by  his  wife  Turfrida,  a  Fleming, 
had  iffue  one  daughter,  married  to  Hugo  de  Evermew,  lord  of  Deping;  whereby 
thefe  titles  came  to  be  united.     Ingulf.  899. 

WiLLIELMUS,   Pv.    15. 

Under  Will'  Conqueror  lived  Ivo  Tallboys,  his  nephew  by  the  fifter,  a  dead- 
ly adverfary  to  the  abbey  of  Croyland,  and  by  right  of  his  wife,  the  lady  Luce, 
filter  to  Edwin  and  Morcar,  he  had  great  poffeffions  in  Holland.  He  by  force  en- 
tered into  a  cell  belonging  to  Croyland,  and  fent  to  Anjou  for  monkes  for  anew  abbey 
to  be  there  builded,  which  he  alfo  brought  to  pafl'e.     Wulketellus  complayned  to  the 

»  Ingulf.  889.  t  Ingulf.  892.  J  Ingulf.  §95. 

king; 


HISTORY     OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  164 

king ;  but  had  rcproches  indeed  of  remedy.  The  maner  of  Barnacke  was  alfo  violent- 
ly wrung  away.  Wulketellus  abbot  was  after  by  Normans  accufed  to  king  WiU.n, 
and  by  hira  confined  to  the  monallery  of  Glaltonberv. 

1076.  After  the  deprivation  of  Wulketellus,  Ingulfus,  who  was  an  Englifliman 
born  in  London,  but  had  long  fcrved  William  whilefl:  he  was  earl  of  Normandy, 
and  was  his  fecretary,  VTas  made  abbot,  and  confecrated  by  Lanfraac  ///  die  con- 
verfwnis  Vault. 

Heward,  lord  of  Burne,  returning  out  of  Flanders,  flew  many  Normans,  reco- 
vered his  inheritances  by  the  fword,  purfued  Ivo  Tailboys^  to  whom  king  \^'ii- 
liam  his  uncle  had  given  large  poffeffions  in  Holland,  and  the  parts  adjoyning, 
and  tooke  him  in  battell,  and  would  by  no  means  deliver  him  till  the  king  grant- 
ed his  pardon,  and  promifed  reftitution  of  all  his  poffeffions  and  dignities.  Iji- 
gulf.  901. 

16.  Richard  de  Rules,  a  great  nobleman  of  the  king's  counfell,  to  whom  the 
inheritance  of  Hcward  was  defcended  by  marriage  of  the  daughter  and  heir  to 
Hugh  de  Euermew,  in  vvhofe  right  fhe  was  lady  of  Burnt  and  Deping,  enlarged  the 
towne  of  Deeping,  changed  the  chappell  of  St.  Guthlac  (once  built  at  the  charge  of 
the  abbey)  into  a  parifli  and  church,  where  now  is  Market  Deeping.  He  made  a 
village  confecrated  to  St.  James  in  the  very  pan  of  Pudling  Fen,  and  by  much  labour 
and  charge  brought  it  into  fields,  meddowes  and  paftures.     Ingulf.  908. 

Ingulfus  procured  the  king's  favour  to  the  abbey,  and  confirmation  of  the  for- 
mer grants,  &:c.  Wulketellus  obiit  10S5. 

WiLLiELMiTS  II.  R.  17. 

The  abbey  of  Croyland  was  all  burnt  to  afhes  by  the  negligence  of  a  pUimmer, 
who  to  fave  fire  in  a  readines  for  the  worke  the  next  morning  covered  in  embers 
over  night  in  the  top  of  the  fteeple ;  the  fparks  by  a  fudden  tempeft  were  blown 
abroad  in  a  woodraft  of  faggots  not  farre  off,  which  burned  with  that  fpeedc  and 
violence  that  before  noone  the  next  day  all  was  burnt  to  the  ground,  with  the 
treafury,  library,  &c.  except  very  few  fmall  things  that  were  faved  with  much  dan- 
ger. Yet  what  by  diligence  of  the  abbott,  and  the  devotion  of  the  people  who 
from  parts  neere  about  fent  them  in  workmen,  carryages,  &c.  it  was  fliortly  built 
up  again  of  fayre  and  firme  ftone,  which  before  was  all  of  timber  covered  with  lead. 

After  Ingulfus  fucceeded  abbott  JoSridus,  a  learned  man. 

Henriccs  I.  R.  18. 

King  Henry  furnamed  Beauclarke,  for  the  pleafure  of  hunting  (as  his  brother  king 
Wiltm  Rufus  had  done)  did  much  harm  to  the  commonwealth  in  enlarging  forrefts, 
and  in  making  of  chafes,  parkes,  and  other  warrens.  The  fens  henveene  Kefle- 
ven  and  Holland  were  made  forrelts,  from  the  bridge  of  Eaji  Deping  (now  Market 
Deping)y  to  the  church  of  Swanjlon  on  one  fide,  and  from  the  bridge  in  Spu-lding 
to  the  bridge  at  Dicker  and  Wragmcr/lake  on  the  other  fide,  v;hich  markes  divided 
the  north  part,  and  the  water  of  Welland  the  fouth.     Only  the  fen  of  GoggiJJani 

was 


i63  ADDITIONS        TO        THE 

w^GCsempleJ  as  ro  pait  of  the  fortft,  hccaufe  it  wa?  a  fancluary  of  the  chuixh  ;  nir^ 
ihe  king  granted  to  the  abbot  licence  to  enclofe  that  fen  to  thcyr  owne  ufe,  which 
,waS/done,  and  the  diiches  about  it  uKide  for  the  avoyding  of  cTifcord. 

Stppiianus,  R.   19. 

In  this  tyme  lived  three  abbots  after  Jaffredus ;  viz.'Waldenus  12  yeares,  God- 
fiidus  2  yeareSj  Ed\var:.u3  3  yearcs. 

Henrici  s,  II.  R.  20. 

In  this  king's  rcygne  lived  abbot  Edward  17  yeares  (in  al!  30  yeares)  ;  and  lloberl: 
9  yeares. 

TJicARDus   I.  R.  21. 

Under  him  lived  tlie  fayd  Robert  6  yeares  {\n  all  13  yeares)  ;  and  Kenry  Lon'g- 
champ  3  yeares. 

(25  H.  II  )  A  fuite  betueene  Baldwin  Wake  and  the  ahbor ;  bycaufe  the  faid  Bald- 
win would  not  fuffer  the  abbot's  tenants  to  have  common  in  the  limitts  of  Deping.  as 
they  were  wont:  bnt  it  was  recovered  to  the  abbot  by  the  judgement  of  Geflry  Bp. 
of  Ely,  Nicholas  Archdeacon  of  Coventre,  and  Mr.  lleignhold  de  Wifbich,  Geffry 
Hofte,  and  Gilb'  Piparrotr  the  kinj^'s  judices. 

(i  R.  I.  et  10  11.  I.)  King  Richard  disforefted  all  his  fennes  within  the  precim^s 
of  Spalding  and  Pincbebecke,  by  lettres  patents  made  in  the  beginning  of  his  raigne  ; 
and  renewed  afterwards. 

Johannes,  R.  22. 

(37  H.  III.)  Henry  Longchamp  continued  abbot  all  his  raigtie,  and  after.  The 
king  confirmed  all  thefe  graunts,  &c. 

Henricus  III.  R.  23 

'King  Henry  confirmed  all  the  charters,  granted  a  fayrc  and  markctt,  and  free 
■Sfctrren  in  the  demefne  lands  of  Croy^w^,  Longtoft,  Bajlon,  Buckthorp,  Caplode,  Hol- 
bech,  Dowdike,  Bakenhall,  and  Haliingiofi. 

Abbots  under  this  king  were  Henry  de  Longo  Campo,  29  yeares,  (in  all  49 
yeares ;)  Ricardus  de  Bardeney,  1  yeare  ;  Thomas  de  Welles  6  yeares;  Radulfus  13 
yearcs. 

•  (18  11.  Ill  )  Fin'  concord'  coram  abbate  de  Bardeney,  Wills  de  Ebor,  Rob'  de 
Roos,  Rob'  de  Norwich^  &  Normaho  de  Avery,  juffic'  inter  Henr'  abbatem  de  Croy- 
land  &Hiig'  Wake,  for  theculfody  oi  Deping  Fenne  above  the  \'m\\x.t%oi  Gcggijland. 
(18  H.  III.)  Fin'  concord'  coram  iifdem  dat'  anno  eod'  inter  Henr'  abb  de  Croy- 
land,  &  Sim  priorem  de  Spalding;  covenanted  that  neither  one  nor  other  fhall  im- 
pound c^ttell  of  the  ocher,  nor  of  the  tenants  of  the  townes  oi  Croyland,  Spa'ding, 
6  Pmcb- 


3f 


HISTORY     OF     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  1^9 

Pinchhccke^  Latigtoft,  Bajlon,  and  Deping,  within  the  fennes  of  the  f.iid  to.vncs  ;  nor 
take  in  flrangirs'  cattelJ  into  the  faid  fennes. 

24.  (24  II.  fir  Joh'.)  Fin'  conconi'  apud  Lincoln'  coram  Rob*  de  Lexington, 
Rad'  de  SuUeye,  Wilt  de  Colevvorth,  Joh'  de  Ncvile,  Rob'  de  Hay,  &  Warner  da 
Engaine,  juftic'  aflis'  inter  abbatem  de  Croyhmd,  priorein  de  Spaluing,  &  Willm 
de  Albiniaco  ;  that  the  faid  Willm  &  his  heyrcs  fliould  have  common  of  paflure 
for  all  manerof  theyr  cattell  oiUfpiigton,  Cafivicke,  and  TaHiugton,  in  the  fennes  of 
CroyluvJ,  Spaldiiig,   Pinchbeck,  Langtoft,  and  Bajlon, 

(14  H.  in.)  King  Henry  disforrefted  ilie  rell  of  the  foreft  betweene  Kefleven  Z< 
Holand  by  charter,  dat'  13  kal'  April. 

Henry  rex  Angl'  &c.  We  have  taken  into  our  hands  8c  protection  the  abbey  ofCroy- 
land,  &c.  It.  that  they,  that  come  to  the  fay  res  of  St.  Barthol'  of  Croyland  lliall  not 
make  upon  the  lands  of  the  abbev  any  howfes,  flails,  or  Handings,  without  their 
leave.  T.E.London',  F.  Bathon',  P.  Samin',  epis';  Henr' de  Burg,  com' Cantire 
juftic'  Anglie;  Rad' fil' Nicolai,  llic' d'Argenton,  fenefchallis ;  Henr' de  Capella, 
&c.     Dat'  Weilmonaflr'  15  Mar'  p  manus  Ric'  Epi  Ciceflienfis  Cancellaril. 

Edwardus  I.  R.  25 

(28  E.  fil'  FT.)  King  Edward  granted  iicenfe  of  mortmaine  to  buy  lands  in- 
Langtoft,  Bajlon,  Crcyland,  Holbccb,  and  f^iaploae, 

Licenfe  granted  to  purchafe  lands  to  the  value  of  xxt  p  annum  of  what  fee  foe- 
ver,  except  in  capite. 

Under  this  King  were  abbotts;  Piadulfus  13  yeares  (in  toto  26  yeares)  Ricardus 
Croyland,  a  wife  and  honed  man,  24  ye^ires,  who  dying  ultimo  Edward  I.  Si-- 
men  fuccededj  who  continued  abbot  all  the  raigne  of  king  Edward  II.  and  after. 

Edwardus  II.  R.  26. 

Ccnfirmacion  by  king  Edward  fil'  Edward  of  all  grants,  rights,  Sec. 

All  controverfies  betweene  the  abbeys  of  Croyland  and  Peterborow,  wliich  had 
continued  for  cc  yeares  fpace,  were  now  ended  by  the  fentence  of  the  judges,  and 
theyr  feveral  limitts  allotted  them. 

Edwardus  III.  R.  27. 

Abbotts  under  Edward  III.  were  Simon  for  11  yeares  (in  toto  xxi  yeares)  Henry 
Cafwicke  xxxv  yeares;  and  Thomas  Barnacke,  who  lived  vmto  the  raigne  of  R.  II. 

The  king  confirmed  and  increafed  grants,  priviledges,  Sic.  granted  a  licenfe  to 
purchafe  lands  of  xx  I  p  annum  of  any  fee,  except///  capite. 

The  abbot  and  covent  of  Croyland  fell  into  a  publick  excommur.icaiJonj  but 
were  abfolved  by  Berengar  Bp.  of  Tufcalane,  penitentiary  to  pope  Ckmrnt,  idibs 
Januar'. 

A  fuite  betweene  the  lady  Wake  and  the  abbot,  about  a  banke  made  by  the  ab- 
bot through  the  middle  of  the  fen  for  defence  of  Goggifland  fen  from  the  waters 
falling  from  the  parts  of  Kefteven,  which  being  not  made  upon  their  owne  lands  in 

Coggijland 


170  ADDITIONS        TO        THE 

Goggifuind,  but  in  Deeping  Fen  beyond  Goggifland  50  paces  on  the  Wifl,  the  abbot 
was  amerced  in  cgcc  maikcs. 

23  E.  III.  A  new  banks  made  by  the  abbot  in  Goggifland,  whereupon  the  prioi.' 
oi  Spalding,  with  the  inhahit.uus  there,  and  of  PInchbccke,  compUuuing,  the  abbot 
was  acquitted  by  a  jury  ot  xii  men. 

lUcARDus  II.  R.  28. 

Under  him  abbots  were  John  Afhby,  xv  yeares ;  Thomas  Overton,  vii  ycare';. 

I  Ric.  II.  .Licenfe  to  piirchafe  v  markcs  p  annum  above  the  xx  \  granted  by  his 
grandfather  king  Edward  III. 

fnquis'  capta  coram  Wilto  Bufli,  efcheatore  Lincoh:  ;  appeareth  that  they  purcha- 
fed  but  xnis  ivci'  p  annum. 

14  R.  n.  Upon  queflions  inter  Kefleve?i  and  Ho/land  for  their"boundes,  a  commiffion 
granted  by  the  king  to  Rob'  de  Willoughby,  Phil'  de  Spencer,  R.ad'  de  Cromwdl, 
Wilfde  Skipwith,  Will  Thirming,  Ric'  Sidcnham,  Joh'  Markham,  Fdm'  de  Clay, 
Rob' de  Martel,  to  enquire  thereof.  Whereupon  a  perambulation  was  made  and 
inquifition  taken  at  Briaeedikes  by  the  oathes  of  Andr'  de  Leake,  and  Joh'  de  Hol- 
bcch,  knights,  Joh'  Merry,  Ranulph  Bell,  Phil'  Garnon,  Th'  de  Welles,  Ric' 
Stevenfon,  Wilt  Wyon,  Steph'  Copledike,  Joh'  Slye,  Rad'  Ferren,  and  Joh' 
Grame,  of  the  parts  of  Holland  ;  and  by  the  oaths  of  Joh'  Pannell,  Nic'  Ebden» 
Joh'  Wellh,  knights,  Elias  de  Midleton,  Will  de  Ballon,  Wilt  de  Cromwdl,  Alaa 
de  Heckingfoile,  Anth'  de  Spanby,  Rad'  de  Standen,  and  Joh'  Harington,  of  the 
parts  of  Keiteven.     Which  was  done  and  exemplified  under   the  great  feale,  dat' 

Jul'  XVI. 

According  to  this  inquifition,  x  croffes  were  erefted  in  feveral  places  as  meres  of 
the  divifions;  but  within  two  yeares  they  were  all  throwen  downe,  and  the  ftoncs 
carried  away  by  the  men  of  Kefteven.  Whence  a  coramiflion  granted,  and  fetten  on 
at  Donington  on  Thurfday  next  after  St.  Mathew's  day,  by  Rob'  lord  Willoughby, 
Job'  de  Bermont,  Joh'  le  Ware,  Rad'  Cromwell,  Wilt  Thirming,  Joh  Markham, 
and  Joh'  Harington,  to  make  inquiry  and  to  punhh  the  offenders;  fundry  whereof 
were  hanged,  fome  baniihed,  and  fome  fined  in  great  fummes;  and  new  croffes  of 
Hone  commanded  to  be  ereded  at  the  charge  of  the  Kefleven  men.  (17  R.  IL 
18  R.  IL) 

Henricus  IV.  R.  29. 

Thorn'  Overton  was  abbot  all  this  king's  raigne. 

King  Henry  IV.  confirmed  all  grants,  and  gave  licenfe  of  mortmaine  forpurcha- 
fmg  certaine  meffuages,  lands  &c.  in  Cropland,  Langtoft,  and  Bajlon. 

Henricus  V.  R.  30. 

Tho'  Overton  abbot  under  him  v  yeares  (?«  toto  xkvi  yeares ;)  R.ichard  fucceeded 

abbot. 

The 


H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    O  F    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  17  x 

The  abbot  lent  king  Henry  when  he  full  entred  France  d  t.  which  was  afterwards 
repaytd  :  and  the  king  and  queene  fent  prcfeuts  out  of  France  to  Richard  Upion, 
when   he  was  confecrnted  abbott. 

King  Henry  V.  confirmed  all  former  grants,  and  by  charter  gave  to  the  abbot  all 
.fines,  amerciaments,  felons'  goods,  &:c.  within  the  mancrs  of  Croyland,  Lasigtcft^ 
Bujlon,  Wendlingi'orcugh,  isc. 

Henricus  VI.  R.  31, 

Richavd  Upton  was  abbot  five  yeares  in  this  king's  raigne  ;  to  whom  fuccceded 
John  Littleingion,  a  good  man. 

King  Henry  confirmed  ;ill  former  grants,  and  befides  divers  chalices,  vertments, 
and  other  ornaments,  gave  divers  MS.  bookes  bought  at  Rome,  and  out  of  Grece 
and  Adrianople. 

12H.VI.  i\  fuitebetwene  John  abbott  of  Croyland  and  the  towneof  >?/>(?W/;;_^,  con 
cerning  fifhing  and  fowling  in  Croyland Fen,  alias  Goggijland:  but  the  abbot  recovered 
at  Lincoln,  and  had  xc  \  damages  and  x  t  codes,  xv  Sept'. 

32.  3  H.  V.  Indenture  tripartite  by  John  Woodhoufe,  chancellnur  of  the  dutchy, 
Joh' Lepenthorp,  receyver  of  the  fame,  and  Wiltm  Babington,  oneof  the  counfell  for 
faid  durchv,  arbitrators  chofen  betweene  Thomas  abbotc  of  Croy land,  on  one  part, 
and  Wilt  Geyftwod,  Will  Pigot,  Th'  Sparrow,  Rich'  Ribald,  &c.  Qt  Spalding,  and 
Walt'  Bennett,  Rob'  Powie,  Joh'  Reynoldfon,  Joh'  Clarke,  Atheland  Welh,  5cc. 
de  Pinchbccke,  in  the  name  of  the  whole  communalty  of  Spalding  and  Piiicbhecke^ 
concerning  fifliing  and  fowling  and  common  in  Goggifland  ;  the  faid  arbitrators  ha- 
ving as  affiflants  and  advifers,  Ric' Norton,  capital' juft' comm' placit',  Rob'  Hill, 
Joh'  Cockaine,  and  Willm  de  Loddington,  ibid,  did  adjudga  to  the  abbot  all  the 
foyle  of  Goggifland,  together  with  all  the  fifliing  and  fowling  therein,  and  the  com- 
raunalty  aforefayd  exclude  therefrom,  and  all  other  profits  in  Goggifland,  except 
commune  of  paflure. 

The  like  conftitution  was  alfo  made  againft  the  inhabitants  of  Kefleven  ;  With  the 
feales  of  the  fayd  judges  and  arbitrators  annexed. 

33.  1408.  In  tyme  of  King  Henry  VI.  John  Littlcington  abbot  recovered  tith 
of  vvooll  and  lambe  of  flieepe  feeding  Goggifland,  againfl  the  parfons  of  both  De- 
pings,   and  tbe  prior  of  Spalding. 

34  H.  VI.  Priviledges  granted  to  the  abbot  of  Croyland  :  he  gave  all  the  fines,  amer- 
ciaments, ifTues,  and  fofeicures,  &c.  in  the  towne  of  Croyland  ;  he  held  plees  of  the 
crowne  and  placita  foretltr,  and  whatfoever  was  wont  to  belong  to  the  judges 
of  goale  delivery,-  to  appoynt  a  clerke  of  the  markett;  to  have  returne  of  writtes, 
without  interpofing  of  any  efcheater,  iheriff",  coroner,    feudary,  or  baily. 

.Edwardus  IV.  R.  34. 

When  king  Edward  IV.  went  into  Flanders,  he  came  by  Croyland  with  a  few 
fervants,  where  the  abbot  gave  him  for  reliefe  cc  \.  in  remembrance  whereoF,  he 
was  ever  beneficiiill  to  the  monafleiie  of  Croyland,  and  confirmed  all  grants. 

Z  Joh, 


17a  ADDITIONS         T     O^        THE 

Joh'  dc  Littlington  was  abbott  in  his  rayne  ix  yeares.  John  Wifbich  fucceeded 
•abbott.  .  . 

IIenricus  VII.  R.  35. 

John  de  Croyknde  was  abbot  under  king  Richard  III.  and  dyed  d  little  before  him '; 
to  whom  (liccecded  Lambert  de  Fofledike  ;  to  whom  after  vi  yeares  fucceeded  Ed- 
mund Thorpe  xii  yeares  ;    whofe  fucceflbr  was  Philip  Everard,  gent'. 

144T.  Tlie  abl)Ot  of  Croyland  about  middel!of  raigne  of  k.  Ilenry  VI.  at  the  requeft 
of  Richard  Finchbecke  and  Richard  V\/'el!es  did  give  to  the  inhabitants  of  Whap- 
lode  the  third  part  of  all  the  trees  in  the  churchyard  of  Whaplode  for  that  tyme 
only.  In  the  prefence  of  the  faid  Richard  and  Richard,  and  of  Gilbert  de  Moul- 
ton,  fteward,  Steph'  Swinihead,  receyver,  Will'  Denmerke,  cellarer,  chaplains, 
and  of  Th.  Littlebury,  Joh'  Weybridge,  Joh*  "Afiiby,  Joh'  Fitzvvilliams,  Nic'Rofte, 
Phil'  Sutton,  efquires  of  the  faid  abbott. 

22  H.  VII,  Aft  of  parliament  in  favour  of  the  inhabitants  of  Croyland,  that  the)!; 
might  fvvannes,  &c.  norvvithfianding  a  former  adt  made  under  E.  IV. 

36.  16  H.  VII.  By  meanes  of  Margaret,  countelle  of  Richmond  and  Derby, 
who  was  then  lady  of  Doping,  the  king's  commiffion  was  awarded  to  R.ob'  Lord 
Willoughby,  Thomas  Lord  Rofe,  Thomas  Lord  Fitzwalters,  George  Lord  Hailings, 
Joh'  Lord  Fitzwarren,  Rob'  Dymocke,  Geo.  Tailboys,  Edw.  Stanley,  Chriit'  Wil- 
loughby, and  Raign  Bury  *,  knights,  they  or  fix  of  them,  to  heareand  determine  the 
controverfy  between  the  inhabitants  of  KcfftevQD  and  Holland,  for  the  meres,  boun-, 
ders,  and  uivifions  betweene  the  faid  parts  which  was  done  diligently  by  the  inqui-. 
fition  and  vcrdid:  of  jurors  of  both  paits,  not  having  intereft  in  the  caufe,  8  Sept. 
Vv'^hereunto  were  put  the  feale  of  thefaid  eountelTe  Margaret,  as  alfo  of  the  coni- 
niiffioners  and  jurors,  and  (o  lent  into  the  chancery. 

The  names  of  the  pannell  of  thofe  that  were  fworne. 

RoBt  tluffy,  kat.  Joh'  BufTy,  ar.  Tho'  Difney,  ar. 

Joh'  Digby,  knt.  Geo'  Afhby,  ar.  Ric'  Grantham,  ar. 

Joh'Thimbleby,  knt.  Rob' Tyrwhitt,  ar.  Edw'Afl-:ew,  ar. 

Thomas  Dimocke,  ar.  Ric'  Cecd,  ar.  Geo'  Mackworth,  ar^ 

>/ytThimbleby,  ar.  Joh' Bolle,  ar.  Tho' BiUeflsy,   ar. 

Ric' Harington,  ar.  Will' Fitzwilhn,  ar.  Will' Thorold,  ar. 

Will'  Ermine,  ar.  Joh'  Folkington,  ar»  Will'  Enderby,  ar. 

Will'  Mounfon,  ar.  Will'  Leigh,  ar.  Joh'  Walcott,  ar. 

Philip  Everard  being  then  abbot  of  Croyland,   and  Richard  prior  of  Spalding.. 

Henricus  VIII.  37. 

I  H.  Vlll.     King  Henry  Vill.  confirmed  all  graunts.     Philip  Everard  ftill  con- 
tinued abbott. 

*  Alias^vwio^K.  t  -^^.Vi Richards 

This 


HISTORY     OF    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  173 

This  chronicle  was  drawen  downe  to  the  firft  yenre  of  king  Henry  VHI.  by 
one  who  writeth  that  he  was  one  of  the  jurors,  and  kinfni.an  to  llt't'  Uulley, 
an;}  that  by  reafon  of  Tome  lands  that  he' had  in  Kcfteven,  he  was  named  one 
of  the  jury  by  the  IherifFc,  though  he  lived  in  another  county-,  and  th  it 
he  had  bin  fervant  to  Margaret,  countefTe  of  Richmond  (whom  upon  every 
occafion  he  highly  extolleth)  and  lited  in  hir  family  fixteen  ycares.  I\{r. 
Harington  de  Boothby  Payiiell  tclleth  me  that  Joh'  Walcott  was  fuppofed 
to  be  the  colleftor  thereof. 


Tenths  Office,  Monaft.  de  Croyland,    26  H.  VIII. 

Valet  in  penfione  annuatim  folut'  dift'  monaft'  ex  ecclef  de  Beby  xxL  Valet  hi 
redd'  afiif  cum  rcdditibus  &  firmis  in  Beby,  Thorp,  Sutton,  Leiceflcr,  &  Barkby 
p  ann'  j)ut  modo  dimittitur  WiJto  Willers  cum  penl'  curiae  com'  ann'  xxiii  t.  xx  ^. 


In  Croyland  abby  were  buried, 

St,  Ncot,  removed  from  Eynulphbury. 

Earl  M^aldeof,  fon  of  the  great  and  valiant  Siward  earl  of  Northumberland. 

St.  GUTHLAC  *. 

St.  Cijfa,  fcholar  and  fucceffbr  of  St.  Guthlac. 
Beceline,  another  of  his  fcholars. 

Etheldreda,  daughter  of  king  OtTa,  wife  of  king  Ethelbert  the  martyr,  and  after- 
wards a  nun''. 
'Egbert,  another  of  Guthlac's  difciples,  and 
TatKiniis,  the  perfon  who  firfl:  brought  Guthlac  hither  % 
Celfrid,  queen  of  Mercia,  wife  of  king  Witlaf. 
If'yinund,  their  fon. 

As  an  inftance  of  the  longevity  of  fome  of  the  monks,  thofe  that  had  continued 
in  the  monaftery  full  fifty  years  from  the  firfl  taking  the  habit  upon  them"' Were 
called  SempeSia.  Five  of  them  died  neere  together,  within  the  fpace  of  three  years, 
viz.  Clarembald,  Swatting,  Biun,  Aio,  and  Turgar,  of  whom  Clarembauld  was 
168  years  old,  Swarting  142^  Turgar  115,  aud  the  other  two  not  much  younger''. 

"  The  common  people  about  CrovI,iii<l  and  Deeping  call  him  St.  Good  luck. 
»  Ing.  758.  Angl.751.  ''  Ing.  858.  '1  Ing.  886.  88;. 

Z  2  Re. 


174  ADDITIONS        TO        THE 

Reliques. 

St.  Bartliolomew's  thumb,  which  the  duke  of  Benevento  gave  to  the  emperor  Hen- 
ry, when  he  made  him  a  knight,  and  the  emperor  gave  it  to  Turketyl,  afterwards^ 
abbot  of  Croyland,  then  embaflador  from  the  king  of  England,  which  they 
Taiued  above  all  the  reft  becaufe  the  abbey  was  dedicated  to  him '. 

Some  of  the  hairs  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  which  the  king  of  France  gave  to  the 
faid  Turketyl,  kept  in  a  box  of  gold  ^ 

One  of  the  bones  of  Sr.  Leodegaire,  bilhop  and  tnartyr,  given  him  alfo  by  thc: 
prince  of  Guyemund  ». 

Writirs. 

Felix  wrote  the  life  of  St.  Guthlac  ''. 

William  Ramfey,  the  fame  in  verfe'. 

Pvoger  Croyland,  the  life  of  Thomas  of  Canterbury  ^. 

Robert  Tombles,  a  paraphrafe  on  the  Canticles '. 

Ingulf  us,  of  whom  Poffevine  very  ignorantly.  Appar.  I.  805. 

Va  l  w  e. 

The  abbot  of  Croyland,  20  E.  I.  was  worth  In  fpirltualibus  xiiiih  vni  s^ 
VI II 3. 

In  temporalibus  xxvi  t.  ixs.  ob.  q. 

27  H.  VIII.  it  was  taxed  for  tenths  at  cviii  1.  viis.  vii  3.  q.  valor  exituum, 
juxta  taxacionem  regis  Mcxxxiiit.  xvis.  ob. 

Hospitality. 
Jbho/pitalitate  chili  urhinkmsfacetumnomen  zccc'ph.     Bale,  I.  9.2. 

Greatness  and  Privileges  of  the  Abbot. 

He  was  a  baron  and  fate  as  a  peer  of  the  realm"". 

He  had  a  forefter  of  his  own. 

a3  E.  I.  Pat.  R.  &  Ab.  de  Croyland. 

«Ing.  657.  '  lb.  857.  lib.  ^  Balel,  9a.  Poflwin  I..567. 

•  Bale  463. 

>  lb.  ].  260.    Poffevine  fays  he  lived  1 1 14,  which  if  not  the  printer's  fault  'u  a  grofs  parachro- 
nifme,   St.  Thomas  being  then  fcarce  born  :  more  likely  to  have  been  1  ji4. 
)  lb.  H.  94*  ■"  Camden  1*3. 

Manors 


HISTORY    OF    C  II  O  Y  L  A  N  D.  17^ 

Manors  and  lands  extra  com.  Line. 

Eelcefterfliire.  The  manor,  town,  and  church  oi  Bcby  ",  of  the  gift  of  abbot  Tur- 
ketyl. 

E.  I.     Sharnford  4  virgates  of  the  fee  of  Verdon  °. 
Sutton  Cheynell  p  de  feodo  proprio  23  virgates. 
Sutton  Cheynell  de  feodo  de  Haftings  13  virgates.- 
Fn  com.  Line    Skyiinand  church. 
To/y  church,  &c. 
Burthoif. 
In  incertis  com. 

IVidefet  church. 

Inhabitants,  Feodaries,  &:c; 

Smith.)    Robert  Gui  of  Croyland,  attorney  at  law,  founded  a  free  grammar  fchoor 
at  Sheffield,  c.York)  the  town  where  he  was  born,  and  endowed  the  fame  with  xxxl, 
a  year. 

CiLLS. 

T.  Stepb.  Priory  of  St.  James  of  Frefton,  Holland,  a  cell  of  St.  Guthlac. 

Arms  in  Croyland  church. 

From  the  collecflions  of  Gervafe  Holies  of  Grunfby,  efq.  made  1634, 
late  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Anftis. 

1 .  G.  3  keys  O. 

2.  Az.  3  croffes  portate  A.  ; 

3.  I.ozengy  O.  &G.  Croun^ 
5.  Lozengy  S.  &  Erm.  Patten. 

5.  Quarterly,  France  and  England,  imp.  G.  2  barrs  inter  6  martlets  O. 

6.  G.  3  crofles  botony. 

7.  G.  a  crofs  patonce  O.   Latimer: 

8.  G.  a  ciofs  crufily  fitche  a  lion  rampant  A.  La  Warre. 

9.  G.  a  bend  and  2  b<.  ndlets  above.    Grelle.- 

10.  O.  a  faltire  engrailed  S.  Botetourt. 

11.  Quarterly.  A.  a  chief  G.  over  all  a  bend  Az.  Cromwell,  imp.  Cheque  O.  &  G* 
a  chief  Erm.  Tatejlmll. 

12.  Barre  of  6  Az.  &  A.  in  chief  3  lozenges  G.  a  mullet  of  difference.  Fleming. 

13.  Az.  a  bend  O.   Scroop. 

J4    A.  a  fefs  G.  in  chief  3  torteaux.  Devereux. 

15.  A.  a  chevron  between  3  martlets  S. . 

16.  S.  a  fret  A.  Harrington.  _ 

»  Burton  39.  "  lb.  247,  *  lb.  276, 

a  17.  G, 


n6  A  D  D  I  T  I  O  N  S     T  O     C  11  O  Y  L  A  N  D. 

17.  G.  a  crofs  engrailed  O.  quartering  G.  a  crofs  moline  O.  WUloUghby, 

18.  A.  a  crofs  moline  S. 

19.  A.  a  fiiltire  G. 

20.  A.  a  crofs   ioi^railed  G.  between  3  vvaterbojgets  S.  Ros.     qun'^cring  G. 
billety  O.  a  fefs  A.  Lovain. 

21.  Quarterly.  G.  anJ  O.  a  mullet  in  firfl;  quarter.  Vae. 

22.  Az.  an  edoile  A. 

23.  Az.  an  eftoile  A.  imp.  Vaire  O.  &  G.  Ferrers. 

24.  O.  a  chevron  G.  on  a  border  Az.  8  mitres  O.    Bp.  Stafford. 

25.  A.  a  fefs  G.  between  3  popinjays  V.  Lumhy. 

26.  Az.  a  chevron  between  3  gerbes  O. 

27.  G.  a  faltire  O.  Nevile. 

28.  Bowchicr,  quartering  Lo'u^i.'it'.  Bourchier  earl  of  Eljcx. 

29.  Quarterly.  France  femee  and  England  a  border  A. 

30.  Quarterly.  France  femee  and  F.ngland  a  label  of  3  Erm. 

3 1 .  Quarterly.  France  femee  and  England  a  label  of  3  A. 

32.  Quarterly.  France  femee  and  England  on  a  border  Az.  8  fleurs  de  Us  0» 

33.  A.  a  chevron  between  3  griflin's  heads  erafl.  Tylnty. 

34.  G.  3  waterbougets  Erm.    Roos. 

35.  A.  2  barrs  and  a  canton  G. 

36.  G.  a  crofs  patonce  O.  a  border  A. 

37.  G.  a  fefs  between  6  fleurs  de  lis  A. 

38.  G.  bezante  a  canton  Erm.  Zouch. 

On  the  bells, 

1 .  In  nitihis  annis  refonet  campana  Johannis. 

2.  Sum  Rofa  pulfata  iniindi  Maria  Z'ocata. 

3.  Hac  campana  beatce  Trinitatifacra. 


C    177    3 


CROYLAND. 

^  I  ^HE  Triangular  Bridge  of  Croyland  is  a  curiofity  worthy 
-^  notice  for  th€  fingularity  of  its  form,  more  than  its  extent,  or 
any  difHculty  in  the  conftriKftion.  The  plan  of  it  is  foTmed  by  three 
fquares  and  an  equilateral  triangle  about  which  they  are  placed. 
The  bridge  has  three  fronts ;  three  ways  over  it,  and  three  un- 
der it.  The  abutments  are  feparated  by  three  ftreams,  and  are 
fuppofed  to  fiand  in  three  tlifFerent  counties.  It  is  in  reality  but 
one  arch,  compofed  of  three  half  arches,  formed  of  three  ribs, 
which  are  fegments  of  a  circle  infcribed  within  the  three  abut- 
ments, and,  fpringing  from  low  water  mark,  form  three  pointed 
arches,  which  unite  in  the  triangle  of  the  crown  of  the  arch.  The 
\valls,  which  extend  beyond  the  opening  of  the  arches  on  the 
abutments  to  form  the  wings  of  the  bridge,  are  placed  irregularly 
to  fuit  the  courfe  of  the  ftreams,  and,  being  fubjedt  to  no  rule, 
are  omitted  in  the  annexed  plan,  which  was  thus  fet  out.  Upon 
the  three  fides  of  -an  equilateal  triangle  ABC  are  made  three 
fquares  D  E  F,  which  determined  the  breadth  of  the  abutments 
and  their  fituations  ^  G  H  J,  the  fegments  of  a  circle  drawn  from 
the  centre  of  the  triangle  within  the  abutments,  gave  the  curve 
of  the  fix  outer  ribs,  equal  to  ^.  i .  ;  and  the  three  middle  ribs 
equal  to  a.  2.  The  principal  meafures  of  the  bridge  thus  pro- 
duced are  as  follows.  The  breadth  of  the  piers  A  B,  from  wliich 
the  arches  fpring,  is  i  o  feet ;  the  fpan  of  the  arches  Ac.  17  feet 
6  inches ;  the  height  of  the  apex  of  the  arch  at  low  \vater  if.  r. 
J 2  feet  6  inches ;   which  meaiures  agree  with  thofe  given  by  Mr^' 

A  a  Rowland 


378 


MR.    ESSEX'S    OBSSERVATIONS 


Rowland  Roufe,  in  the  Gent.  Mag,  1763  (fee  before,  p.  108),  as 
appears  by  the  fcale  annexed. 


/'>'/*. 


-|-T-!--r-r-t-r 


rrvr 


f^TT  r-f^r. 


About  the  year  1752,  a  bridge  of  this  kind  was  built  in  France^ 
on  the  road  between  St.  Omer's  and  Calais,  upon  the  meeting  of 
four  canals.  It  is  a  magnificent  dome  pierced  with  four  large  arches 
upon  a  circular  plan,  and  fupported  by  four  abutments.  Four  fine 
canals  meet  under  it,  and  as  many  fpacious  roads  crofs  each  other 
on  the  top  of  it.  It  is  called  the  Pont  Jans  pareil  with  great  pro- 
priety, being  excellently  well  contrived  to  anfwer  all  the  purpofes 
of  travelling  by  land  or  water.  The  defign  is  plain,  but  not  inele- 
gant, and  it  is  an  admirable  piece  of  mafonry.  Thefe  properties 
are  wanting  in  the  bridge  at  Croyland,  where  the  afcents  and  de- 
fcents  are  fo  fteep,  that  neither  carriages  nor  horfes  can  pafs  over  it, 

and 


ON    CROYLAND    BRIDGE.  17^ 

and  foot  paficngers  ufe  it  with  difllculty.  In  flioit,  it  feems  ro 
have  been  bnilt  rather  to  be  admired  for  the  fingularity  of  its  form^ 
than  its  utility  as  a  bridge.  Hence  it  has  been  fuppofed,  that  h 
was  built  under  the  dire6tion  of  the  abbots,  rather  to  excite  admi- 
ration, and  furnifli  a  pretence  for  granting  indulgences  and  colleft^ 
ing  money,  than  for  real  ufe  :  but  I  cannot  agree  with  this  con* 
jedlure,  though  it  was  built  in  a  fuperftitious  age,  \vhen  every  arti- 
fice was  employed  to  impofe  upon  the  ignorant  for  the  purpofe  of 
collecfting  money  ;  becaufe  there  is  nothing  fo  wonderful  in  its 
conih-u£tion  as  to  excite  either  admiration  or  devotion,  imlefs  the 
plan  of  it  was  intended  as  an  emblem  of  the  Trinity  ;  there  being- 
three  arches  united  in  one  arch,  and  three  ways  in  one  over  it. 
But  I  cannot  believe  the  builder  had  any  fuch  intention,  becaufe 
the  fingalar  fituation  of  it  naturally  required  the  form  he  gave  it, 
which  is  not  unHke  the  common  emblem  of  the  Trinity.  That 
it  was  built  for  a  religious  boundary  is  the  raoft  reafonable  con- 
jedlure  ;  though,  ftri6tly  fpeaking,  it  cannot  be  a  boundary,  it 
being  five  miles  at  leaft  from  the  neareft  part  of  their  bounds ;  but 
it  may  be  confidered  as  the  place  from  whence  their  bounds  are 
meafured.  It  was  ufed  for  that  purpofe  by  Ethelbald  when  he 
firft  fettled  their  bounds,  as  appears  by  his  charter ;  and  it  was 
ufed  for  the  fame  purpofe  in  fucceeding  times,  as  appears  in  the 
charters  of  Witlaf,  Bertulphj  and  Edred.  Hence  it  has  been  fup- 
pofed, that  it  was  built  in  the  time  of  Ethelbald  5  and  this  opinion 
feems  to  be  confirmed  by  his  ftatue  being  placed  upon  it.  In  the 
charter  of  Edred,  dated  in  the  year  of  Chrift  943,  it  is  called  the 
I'riangular  Bridge  at  Croyland  ;  but  in  all  the  preceding  charter?, 
which  confirm  the  boundaries,  it  is  called  the  Bridge  of  Croyland, 
without  the  appellation  of  I'riangular  \  and  from  thence  I  lliould 
conclude,  that  it  was  not  built  long  before  the  charter  of  Edred 
was  granted,  probably  in  the  year  941  ;  but  the  prefent  bridge  is 
tiot  older  than  the  time  of  Edward  the  firlt  or  fecond;  confequently 

A  a  2  it 


i.8o  MR.     ESSEX'S    O  B  S  E  R  V'  A  T  I:  O'  N  S 

it  mud  have  been  rebuilt  fince  the  time  of  Edred,  if  there  was  ^ 
ftone  bridge  there  in  his  tiaje,  which  may  be  doubted. 

When  this  iiland  was  a  folitary  defert,  InacceiTible  on  all  fides, 
but  by  water,,  a.  bridge  was  ulelefs  ;  and  when  it  was  inhabited  by, 
Cuthlac,  or  three  or  four  hermits  only,  their  cells  were  lefs  cxijofed 
to  the  fudden  attacks  of  barbarians  without  a  bridge  than  with  it. 
But  when  Ethelbald,  in  conformity  to  his  vow,  had  refolved  to. 
build  a  monaltery  there,  accommodations  of  every  kind  were  want- 
ing, not  only  for  thofe  who  were  to  be  employed  in  the  buildings,^ 
butfor  the  monks  whoweretoinhabitit, forwhofeufehegaveleave 
to  build  a  town,  with  right  of  com.mon  for  themfelves  and  fervants.. 

Before  they  began  to  work,  a  lodge  was  of  courfe  provided  for, 
the  mafons  to  work  in,,  and  huts  to  lodge  in  and  drefs  their  vidlua'ss 
in,  befides  the  neceffary  accommodations  for  other  workmen  of 
various  denominations;  all  which  were  undoubtedly  eredled  on  the 
<iaft  banks  of  the  Welland,,  as  near  the  fpot  where  Gulhlac'swoodea. 
Oratory  ftood  as  could  conveniently  be.   On  both  fides  the  oppofite 
banks,  where  the  rivers  Nyne,.  WcUandj  and  the  Cat-Water  unite,, 
lioufes  and  cottages  were  built  for  the  inhabitants  of  the  nev/  town, , 
by  whom  they  vv'ere  to  be  fupplied  with  the  necefiaries  of  life.    At. 
the  fame  time  a  bridge  muft  be  built  for  the  convenience  of  thofe. 
who  lived  on  the  oppofite  fides  of  the  river.  This  we, may  conclude, 
vyas  a  wooden  bridge,  being  ea.fier  and  fooner  built  than  one  of. 
i^one.      This  bridge  is  mentioned  in  the  fcyeral  charters  of  Ethel- 
bald,  Witlaf,  and  Bertulph,^  by  the  name  of  Croyland  Bridge,    The 
triangular  bridge  was.  not  built  then  ; ;  and  it  is  .probable  the  inha- 
bitants liad  no  accefs  to  the  njonaftery,  while  it,  was  building,  but 
by  boats  ;.  and,  after  it  was  in  habited^,  any  other  communication, 
would  have  been  inconfiftent  with  the  I'ecuvity  of  the  place.    For 
in  thofo  days,  it  was  as  neceffiiry  to^fontify  monai^eries  as.  caftles, 
\vith  walls,  gates,  moats,  and  drawbridges,  they  being  as  much  in 
dang-er  of  fudden  attacks  from  their  powerful  neighbours,  as  from. 
t\ie  incurfions  of  the  Danes,  when,  no  man  was  fafe  in  his  own 

*  houCe,. 


ON     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D    BRIDGE.  i?'f 

honfe,  unlefs  that  hoiife  was  a  caille.  For  thefc  reafons,  I  appre- 
hend, the  only  approach  to  the  abbey,  during  the  fuil  200  years 
after  it  was  bulk,  was  by  water. 

The  Triangular  Bridge  mentioned  in  Edred's  charter  was  proba- 
bly built  by  Turkctyl  when  he  reltored  the  boundary  flonys.      If. 
that  bridge  had  been  built  with  ftone,  it  would  have  been  guarded 
by  ailrong  gate,  with  portcuUiles  and  other  works,  agreeably  to  the 
cuftom  of  thofe  times;   but  as  there  are  no  traces  of  any  futh 
works,  I  conclude,  that  bridge  was  made  of  wood  ;   and  that  the 
branch  leading  to  the  monallcry   was  guarded  by  a. dravv bridge  ; . 
or  fo  put  together  tliat  it  might  be  totally  removed  upon  any  emer- 
gency.     As  the  prefent  bridge  cannot  be  older  than  the  time  of 
Edward  the  Firft,  I  fee  no  reafon  why  it  might  not  be  built  in  the 
beginning  of   his  reign  ;    for  the  caufes  which  before  prevented 
their  building  aftone  bridge  exiiled  no  longer.   They  had  nothing 
to  fear  from  the  incurhon  of  foreigners ;   the  oppreilive  feud:  I ' 
lords  were  no  longer  fo  formidable  as  they  had  been  \  and  a  bridge 
might  at  that  time  be  built  without  danger  to  the  monks,  who 
were  fufficiently  fafe  within  the  walls  of  the  abbey.      But  why" 
they  fliould  build  a  bridge  which  no  carriage  or  horfe  could  pafa 
over,  nor  any  foot  piafTenger  conveniently  walkover,  is  fomewhat 
(bfficult  to  account  for.    Had  they  intended  it  for  common  ufes, . 
without  doubt  thofe  who  built  it  could  have  built  one  convenient 
for  every  purpofe  ;   but  I  am  inclined  to  think  it  was  not  intended  . 
for  fuch  ufes,  but  for  the  fupport  of  a  triangular  ftone  crofs  on  a 
pcdeftal  of  the  fame  form,  fet  up  at  that  time,  to  anfwer  two  pur-^ 
pofes  ;    firrt,  to  mark  the  fpot,  which  in  all  their  charters  was  the 
place  from  .whence  their  bounds'were  meafured,  and  for  a  market- 
crofs.    That  it  was  ufed  for  the  firrt  of  thefe  purpofes  is  very  pro^ 
bxible  ;   and  that  ftatue  of  Ethelbald,  now  aukwardly  placed  on  one  . 
fide,  was  fet  upon  the  pedeftal  at  the  foot  of  the  pyramid  or  crofs-,  . 
to  commemorate  their  founder  and  benefadfor,  who  firft  fettled 
their  bounds,  and  made  that  fpot  the  center  of  them.     It  was  no  . 

uncommoa. 


<iS2  M?w.    ESSEX'S    OBSERVATIONS 

uncommon  thing  at  that  time  to  fet  crofles  -upon  bridges  in  recelTes 
over  the  piers,  either  to  mark  the  divifion  of  counties,  or  the 
bounds  of  pariflies,  and  foraetimes  for  religious  ufes,  as  thofe  were 
which  Itood  on  the  fides  of  pubhck  roads.  For  this  purpofe  chapels 
were  fometimes  built  upon  large  bridges  and  by  the  fides  of  great 
roads.  As  no  people  were  more  tenacious  of  their  privileges  and 
property  than  the  monks,  witiiout  doubt  they  made  the  perambu- 
lation of  their  bounds  as  often  as  the  fi:ate  of  the  country  permitted. 
Thefe  perambulations  were  made  with  folemn  procefiions  from 
the  church  to  the  high  crofs,  where  the  hoft  was  expofed  with 
great  folemnity  to  the  people,  who  there  received  the  benediction  ; 
and,  joining  the  procefHon,  proceeded  from  thence  with  banners 
difplaycd,  chanting  litanies  and  pfalms  to  folemn  mufick,  as  they 
marched  to  the  feveral  places  where  their  bounds  were  marked 
by  fi.ones  or  crofles ;  and  if  any  had  been  thrown  down  by  fiorms 
or  floods,  they  were  fet  up  again ;  or,  if  any  were  lofi:,  they  re- 
Itored  them  with  the  ufual  ceremonies.  For  this  and  other  pur- 
pofes  of  the  fame  nature,  no  bridge  was  better  fituated  or  better 
contrived.  It  ferved  likewife  for  a  market-crofi.  A  naarket  and 
a  fair  were  gran-ted  in  the  reign*  preceding  that  in  which  we  fup- 
pofe  the  bridge  was  built.  Market-croflTes  were  generally  raifed 
on  high  fteps ;  the  lowermoft  ferving  as  a  bench  to  thofe  who 
ferved  the  market  with  the  produce  of  neighbouring  towns  ;  but 
the  fpace  about  this  crofs  would  not  admit  fuch  fteps,  had  the  fitu- 
ation  required  them  ;  therefore  they  made  ftone  feats  againft  the 
walls  of  the  wings  to  anfwer  the  fame  purpofe.  After  the  diflb-' 
lution  of  the  abbey,  the  bridge  could  not  be  ufed  for  any  religious 
purpofe;  and  the  crofs  being  no  longer  efteemed,  it  is  probable 
they  removed  it  to  make  a  clear  palTage  over  the  britlge,  and  that 
the  llatue  of  Ethelbald  (who  was  no  faint)  was  then  placed  on  the 
itone  feat  where  it  fi:ill  remains. 

*  H'Jnry  III.  a.  r.  41.  granted  a  weekly  market  in  Croyland  every  Wednefday ; 
5n.d  a  yearly  fair  for  eight  days  before  Bartholomew-tide,  and  eight  days  after  it. 

5  CROYLAND 


ONCROYLANDABBEY.  183 


C  ROY  LAND  abbey  was  firft  founded  by  Ethelbald  king  of 
Mcrcia,  about  the  year  716,  who  gave  ^{"3 00  in  filver,  and 
jTioo  a  year,  for  ten  years  to  come,  towards  building  the  church 
and  offices  belonging  to  it.  About  154  years  after  it  was  built,  it- 
was  deftoyed  by  the  Danes,  who  burnt  the  church  and  offices  after 
plundering  it  of  every  thing  valuable.  In  this  ruinous  ftatc  it  con- 
tinued until  the  year  948,  when  Turketyl,  the  hxth  abbot,  began 
to  rebuild  the  church  and  offices,  which  were  finiflied  by  Egelric 
the  elder,  his  kinfman  and  fucceffor.  Before  the  year  9  8 4,  all  thefe 
buildings,  except  the  church  and  abbot's  apartments,  were  built 
Vith  wood  covered  with  lead.  The  upper  part  of  the  tower  of 
the  church  was  likewife  of  wood,  and  probably  covered  with  lead  ; 
for  it  is  faid,  Turketyl  ftrengthened  the  tower  with  ftout  beams. 
In  this  tower  the  fire  began  which  happened  in  Ingulphus's  time*. 
That  it  was  ravaged  by  the  Danes,  and  that  the  offices,  being  built 
with  timber,  were  burnt,  is  not  to  be  doubted  ;  but  that  the  church 
was  defiroyed  is  not  fo  certaiii.  The  convent  at  Ely  was  deftroyed- 
about  the  fame  time;  and  we  are  told,  by  ancient  hiftorians,  that 
the  church  was  deftroyed ;  but  that  church,  though  greatly  da- 
maged, was  not  deftroyed,  as  is  evident  from  what  remains  of  it 
to  this  day.  And  it  is  very  probable,  that  the  greateft  damage 
done  to  this  church  was  to  the  timber-work  only  ;  which  Egeliic. 
foon  repaired  with  timber,  which  was  procured  from  the  neigh- 
bouring woods  in  Turketyl's  timet.  Thefe  repairs  might  be 
made ;  the  cloifter,  and  all  the  offices,  might  be  rebuilt  in  the 
fpace  of  7  or  8  years ;  but  the  church  could  not  be  completely 
rebuilt  in  fo  fliort  a  time.     But,  we  are  told,  this  church,   al-*' 

*  riift,  p.  17,  -}-  Ibid.  p.  13. 

though: 


iR4  MR.    ESSEX'S     O  B  S  E  R  V  A  T  I  O  N  S 

though  huilt  with  ftone,  being  in  a  flate  of  decay,  abbot  Ulketul, 
predecenbr  of  higulpiius,  began  to  rebuild  it  in  the  year  1061. 
If  this  is  true,  the  mafons,  in  Turketyl's  time,  erecfted  his  church 
in  a  manner  lefs  fubftantial  than  the  maibns  of  that  age  ufually 
built.  But  it  feems  improbable,  that  a  church,  built  in  an  age  re- 
markable for  found  building,  fliould  be  in  fuch  a  ftate  of  decay  as 
to  want  rebuilding  in  little  more  than  70  years.  I  apprehend, 
therefore,  that  there  muft  be  fome  miftake  in  this  part  of  its  hiftory ; 
and  that  the  ciiurch  is  here  taken  for  the  abbey,  which  being  built 
with  wood,  and  probably  built  in  hal>e,  might  in  that  moift  fitua- 
tion  want  rebuilding  within  that  jieriod.  In  the  year  1 09 1,  great 
part  of  the  church,  and  all  the  offices  belonging  to  the  abbey,  were 
deitroyed  by  (ire ;  of  which  dreadful  calamity  Ingulphus,  who 
was  then  abbot,  has  given  a  particular  relation.  From  his  account 
it  appears,  that  the  great  tower,  all  the  eaftern  part  of  the  church, 
with  the  fouth  tranfept,  the  chapter-lioufe,  and  all  the  offices,  were 
entirely  deftroyed  ;  the  roof  of  the  nave  or  weftern  part  of  the 
church  was  much  damaged,  but  by  means  of  a  temporary  roof 
was  foon  made  ufeful ;  and  the  offices  were  rebuilt  in  the  time  of 
Ingulphus.  Joffrid  fucceeded  Ingulphus  in  the  year  1109;  and 
in  1 1 13  he  began  to  rebuild  the  callern  part  of  the  church,  the 
firfl:  ftoncs  of  whicli  were  laid,  with  great  folemnity,  in  prefence  of 
a  great  concourfe  of  nobility  and  others,  who  made  confiderable 
offerin^-s  towards  carrying  on  the  work.  The  order  and  fituations 
of  the  Hones,  and  the  names  of  thofe  who  laid  them,  are  particu- 
larly defcribed  in  the  Hiitory  of  this  churcli,  p.  88.  Before  the 
end  of  the  year  1 1 14  the  work  was  raifed  to  a  confiderable  height; 
but  before  it  was  high  enough  to  receive  the  roof,  an  earthquake, 
which  happened  that  year,  damaged  the  fourh  wall  fo  much,  that 
the  carpenters  were  obliged  to  fupport  it  with  timbers  till  the  roof 
was  raifed.  It  is  probable  the  damage  done  by  the  earthquake  was 
jiot  in  the  fouth  wall  of  the  aile,butin  the  wall  on  the  fouth  fide  of 
7  the 


OKCROYLANDABBEY.  1^5 

the  nave  of  the  choir;  which,  heing  fiippoited  by  arches  on  pil- 
lars, was  Very  unfteady  before  the  clearftory  could  be  raifed  to  its 
proper  height,  unlefs  fecurcd  with  timber  till  the  roof  was  raifed  ; 
a  precaution  generally  ufed  by  the  mafons  in  the  following  ages, 
particularly  when  a  lighter  ilyle  of  building  was  introduced. 

Within  fifty  years  after  the  church  was  finillied  it  was  deltroyed 
again  by  a  fire,  which  burnt  all  the  offices  belonging  to  it,  be- 
tween the  years  1142  and  1 170,  when  Edward,  formerly  prior 
of  Ramfey,  was  abbot,  in  whofe  time  the  greateft  part  was  rebuilt 
in  a  magnificent  manner,  and  the  refi:  by  his  fucceflTors  Robert  de 
Redinges  and  Henry  de  Longcbamp^  who  finiflied  and  rebuilt  all 
the  buildings,  both  within  the  abbey  and  on  the  feveral  manors, 
and  died  in  1236.  The  north  aile  of  the  church  was  taken  down 
and  rebuilt  in  a  better  manner  by  Richard Bardeney^  who  likewife 
rebuilt  the  infirmary.  He  died  in  the  year  1246.  Between  the 
years  i  253  and  1281,  Ralph  Merjke  being  then  abbot,  the  weft 
end  of  the  church,  with  its  turrets,  and  great  part  of  the  nave,  were 
thrown  down  by  a  ftrong  wind ;  but  it  is  not  probable  that  the 
whole  weft  front  was  blown  down  ;  for  the  damage  done  to  the 
roof  might  be  occafioned  by  the  turrets  and  fronton  falling  upon 
it,  part  of  which  being  broken  down  by  them,  fome  damage  was 
done  to  the  walls  of  the  nave  at  the  fame  time,  all  which  was  foon 
repaired  in  a  better  manner  by  this  abbot ;  who,  about  the  fame 
time,  built  a  tower,  or  belfry,  at  the  eaft  end  of  the  church  beyond 
the  choir.  This  was  a  detached  building,  and  probably  of  wood. 
The  chapel  of  St.  Martin  by  the  Almonry-gate  was  built  in  the 
time  of  this  abbot,  who  died  in  the  year  1 28 1 . 

Richard  Croyland,  who  fucceeded  Merjke  began  to  rebuild  the 
eaft  end  of  the  church,  at  great  expence,  with  a  beauty  and  ele- 
gance fuperior  to  all  the  churches  in  the  province;  from  which 
we  may  conclude,  that  the  fire  w4:ich  happened  when  TLd'uoard  of 
Ranijey  was  abbot,  did  not  deftroy  the  whole  church  ;  but  the  eaft 

B  b  end 


ir6  MR.    ESSEX'S     OBSERVATIONS 

end  might  have  been  fo  much  damaged  by  it,  as  to  want  rebuild- 
ing at  that  time  :  had  it  been  rebuilt  foon  after  the  fire,  it  ought 
to  have  ftood  much  longer.  This  abbot  refigned  in  i  303.  It  is 
probable  the  triangular  bridge  was  built  fome  time  between  that 
and  the  year  1378  ;  but  no  account  of  it  is  to  be  found,  nor  of 
any  other  work  done  about  the  church  or  abbey,  until  after  the 
year  i  378,  whitnjobn  de  j4/Jjel)y\v:\'i>  elevfled  al)bot  ■•■,  who  hung  fome 
bells  in  the  outer  belfry,  and  made  new  wooden  gates  to  the  great 
gate  of  the  abbey.  It  feems  as  if  little  work  had  been  done  to  the 
church  or  offices  from  the  time  of  Richard  Croyland  until  after  the 
death  of  John  de  Aflieby  in  i  392,  whcn'fbomas  Overton  was  made 
abbot;  in  whofe  time  much  money  was  expended  upon  the  church 
and  buildings  belonging  to  the  abbey,  under  the  direction  of  Wil- 
liam de  Croyland,  mafter  of  the  works,  who  built  the  north  and 
ibuth  tranfepts  of  the  choir,  with  their  arches  and  windows, 
fitted  up  the  Lady  chapel  on  the  north  fide  at  a  great  expencc, 
and  inclofed  the  Lady  chapel  on  the  fouth  fide  with  a  lofty  fcreen. 
He  built' the  lower  nave,  with  its  ailes  and  chapels,  from  the 
ground  to  the  roof,  in  the  time  of  abbot  Richard  Upton,  between 
141 7  and  1427.  The  fouth  fide  of  the  cloifter,  tlie  abbot's  hall, 
and  the  refe<5lory  w  ere  built  from  the  ground  by  him.  About  the 
fame  time  the  choir  was  new  feated,  the  library  fitted  up,  and  four 
new  bells  added  to  the  tower  of  the  church. 

Richard  Upton  was  fucceeded  by  John  Lytlyngton,  1427.  In  his 
time  the  lower  nave  was  finifhed,  the  roof  was  put  on  and  cieled, 
the  ailes  were  vaulted  with  ftone,  and  all  the  windows  were  glazed ; 
a  great  organ  was  placed  over  the  entrance  of  the  church,  and  a 
fmall  one  in  the  choir ;  the  great  bells  in  the  outer  fteeple  or 
belfry  at  the  eaft  end  were  recaft  ;  they  were  confecrated,  and 
named  Guthlac,  Bartholomew,  Michael,  Mary,  and  Trinity.  The 
belfry  was  of  wood,  and  new  built  at  that  time. 

*  His  confirmation  is  dated  6  Kal.  Mail,  1378.     Reg.  Bp.  Beckingham. 

John 


O  N    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D    A  B  B  E  Y.  187 

John  Wijbecb,  who  fucceeded  abbot  Lytlyngton  1469,  made  fc- 
veral  improvements  in  the  buildings  belonging  to  the  abbey.  He 
completed  the  Hate  apartments  which  were  begun  by  his  predc- 
celTor,  and  improved  the  offices  belonging  to  the  abbot,  by  making 
thofe  rooms  lighter  which  were  darkened  by  the  fouth  fide  of 
the  cloitter  which  was  built  againlt  them.  He  al.fo  built  the  great 
granary  adjoining  to  the  bake-houfe,  and  eredled  convenient 
apartments  in  Buckingham  College,  Cambridge,  for  the  fcholars 
of  this  houfe  to  lleep  and  ftudy  in*.  He  died  in  the  year  1476. 
After  his  time  nothing  more  than  the  necelfary  repairs  were  done 
to  the  church  or  the  abbey ;  and  at  its  dilTolution,  which  hap- 
pened in  the  year  1539,  this  fine  church,  and  buildings  belong- 
ing to  it,  which,  in  the  courfe  of  800  years,  had  undergone  fuch 
variety  of  changes,  and  on  which  fuch  vaft  fums  of  money  had 
been  expended,  by  the  afliiftance  of  many  munificent  and  pious 
benefatflors  in  building  and  adorning  them,  were  entirely  demo- 
lillied,  except  the  lower  nave  of  the  church  and  its  ailes,  which, 
being  of  little  ufe  after  the  Reformation,  was  foon  ftript  of  every 
decent  as  well  as  fuperftitious  ornament,  and  left  to  the  inhabi- 
tants for  a  parifh  church.  Great  jjart  of  that  was  demoliflied 
by  the  zealous  reformers  of  church  and  liate  in  the  middle  of  the 
laft  century,  who  left  only  one  aile  of  that  oiice  noble  fabrick, 
which  itill  remains  as  a  monument  of  their  ignorance  and  barba- 
rity, as  the  venerable  ruins  adjoining  do  of  the  piety  of  thofe  who 
eredled  them. 

In  this  flioi^  extract  from  the  hiil:ory  of  the  fabrick,  we  have  a 
view  of  the  various  changes  it  underwent  from  the  time  of  Ethel- 
bald  its  founder,  to  the  diffiolution  of  the  abbey  by  Henry  the 

*  Buckingham  College,  now  St.  Mary  Magdalen's,  was  built  on  or  near  the 
fpot  where  the  monks  ot  Croyland  fent  by  Jcffrid  in  the  year  1 1 1 1  read  pub- 
lick.  Icftures  in  grammar,  logic,  rhetoric,  divinitv,  &c.  The  place  was  from  them 
called  Monks'  Goi  ncr,  bcin^  the  extremity  of  an  illand  formed  by  two  branches  ot 
the  river  Grant. 

B   b    2  Eighth; 


i88  MR.    ESSEX'S    OBSERVATIONS 

Eighth  ;  and  the  final  defolation  of  the  church  under  the  tyran- 
nical ufurpation  of  Cromwell.  By  comparing  this  account  with 
what  remains  of  the  building  itfelf,  we  fliall  be  able  to  form  fome 
judgement  of  its  extent,  and  may  trace  very  nearly  the  original 
form  of  it. 

The  little  folitary  ifland  in  which  this  church  was  built  being 
furrounded  with  deep  fens  and  marlhes,  frequently  overflowed 
with  water,  and  at  all  times  overgrown  with  flags  and  rufhes,  was 
at  no  time  acceflible  but  by  water,  which  made  it  a  convenient 
fituation  for  the  folitary  abode  of  a  hermit ;  and  this  place  Guthlac 
chofe  for  his  refidence.  Here  he  built  a  little  oratory  of  wood  ; 
and  on  the  fame  fpot  king  Etbelbald^  in  confequence  of  a  vow 
which  he  had  made,  built  a  church,  and  founded  a  monaftery  to 
the  honour  of  God  and  Guthlac. 

The  wooden  oratory  of  Guthlac,   and  the  cells  which  he  and 
his  companions  built  to  dwell  in,  required  no  extraordinary  found- 
ations ;   but  when  Ethelbald's  church  was  to  be  built,  it  was  necef- 
fary  to  dig  beneath  the  furface  in  fearch  of  folid  ground.      The 
foil  being  marfliy,  and  unfit  to  fupport  the  weight  of  a  ftone 
building  fo  lofty  as  the  intended  church  and  its  tower,  they  were 
under  the  necefllty  of  making  an  artificial  foundation,  which  they 
did  by  driving  piles  of  oak  and  afli  before  they  began  to  build, 
and  the  earth  was  brought  nine  miles  by  water  from  the  uplands. 
Ingulphus  has  left  this  account  of  the  method  they  took  to  lay 
the  foundations   of  this  building ;    but  1  doubt  whether  he  is 
quite  right  in   his   relation ;     and  there  are  fome  reafons  which 
induce  me  to  think  he  is  not.      The  mafons  in  thofe  days  were 
extremely  careful  in  laying  the  foundations  of  their  buildings, 
ufing  piles  fometimes,  and  fometimes  planks,  as  occafions  required. 
In   fome  foils  they  made  very  folid  foundations   without  either 
planks  or  piles,  by  means  of  different  ftrata  of  earth,  gravel,  lime 
coar,  and  other  materials,  well  fettled  with  rammers  to  the  height 

of 


O  N     C  R  O"  Y  L  A  N  D     A  B  B  E  Y.    ■  189 

of  two  or  three  feet.  Sometimes,  where  the  foil  was  loofe  or 
niarfliy,  they  dug  into  it  as  far  as  they  could  conveniently,  and 
filled  the  trench  to  a  proper  height  with  rough  ftones,  fand,  gra- 
vel, lime  coar,  &c.in  regular  ftrata  ;  every  llratum  being  well  let- 
tied  with  water  and  ramming,  and  the  whole  being  made  perfe(?tly 
level  was  then  fit  to  receive  a  foundation  of  rtone  or  brick.  But  in 
extraordinary  cafes,  where  the  buildings  were  to  be  lofty,  as  in 
this  church,  they  laid  thick  planks  of  oak,  or  elm,  upon  the  up- 
per ftrata,  and  on  them  began  the  foundations  of  ftones  and  mor- 
tar. A  labourer,  who  was  employed  fome  years  ago  in  digging 
ftone  and  rammel  out  of  the  foundations  of  the  eaftern  part  of 
the  church,  informed  me,  that  when  they  had  cleared  all  to  the 
bottom,  they  found  a  platform  of  large  planks  of  oak  laid  upon 
a  level  bed  of  gravel  and  other  materials  firmly  confolidated  toge- 
ther. The  planks  were  fo  large  and  heavy,  that  it  was  with  diffi- 
culty eight  men  could  carry  one  of  them  ;  but  they  found  no  piles ; 
and  hence  I  conclude,  that  they  preferred  the  method  above-men- 
tioned to  piling,  which  may  be  very  fecure  in  fome  foils,  but  not 
in  others  ;  and  for  this  purpofe  they  brought  fand  and  other  ma- 
terials from  the  uplands  nine  miles  by  water  *. 

Although  the  ifland  is  of  fmall  extent,  it  may  contain  variety 
of  foils  within  the  bounds  of  the  church  and  abbey ;  and  as  the 
buildings  erecfted  on  it  were  of  various  kinds,  fome  being  of  ftone, 
and  others  of  timber,  fo  various  forts  of  foundations  might  be  necef- 
fary  ;  and  it  is  probable  fome  of  them  were  piled,  others  planked, 
and  fome  without  either  ;  but  the  greateft  part  of  them  was  laid 
on  planks  like  that  which  was  taken  up  fome  years  ago  ;  for  the 
free-mafons  in  thofe  days  knew  what  foundations  were  proper  for 
every  foil,  and  how  to  proportion  the  depth  and  breadth  of  a 
foundation  to  the  weight  of  its  fuperftru(5lure,  and  the  nature  of 

*  Duramque  terram  novem  milliariis  per  aquam  de  Uplanda,  id  eft,  de  fupe- 
riari  terra,  Icaphis  deferri,  &  paludibus  commifceri,  jiiffit.   Ingulphus. 

the 


190  MR.    ESSEX'S    OBSERVATIONS 

the  ground  they  had  to  build  upon ;  and  they  were  fo  frugal  in 
the  ufe  of  their  materials  on  thefe  occafions,  that  we  feldom  find 
piles,  planks,  or  other  materials,  unnecefTarily  ufed,  and  as  feldom 
fee  any  failure  in  the  largeft  and  lofticft  of  their  buildings  occa- 
fioned  by  the  want  of  folidity  in  their  foundations,  although  many 
of  them  were  ere^Sled  feven  or  eight  hundred  years  ago,  and  fome 
of  them  on  very  precarious  ground. 

If  all  the  foundations  of  this  church  were  remaining,  it  would 
not  be  difficult  to  form  a  correal:  plan  of  the  whole  ;  but  all  be- 
yond the  wertern  arch,  and  its  two  pillars  under  the  tower  of  the 
tranfept,  is  deftroyed  with  the  very  foundations,  and  nothing  but 
the  cavities  which  once  contained  them  is  now  remaining.  From 
thefe  no  meafures  can  be  taken  ;  but  we  may  judge  by  them  how 
far  it  extended,  the  number  of  pillars  it  contained,  and  the  form  of 
the  eaft  end  ;  and  as  enough  remains  of  the  lower  nave,  or  weft 
part  of  the  church,  and  its  ailes,  to  determine  the  plan  of  that  part 
very  nearly,  fo  by  the  hollows  in  the  ground,  and  the  known 
meafures  of  a  few  parts,  we  may  afcertain  very  nearly  the  form 
and  dimenfions  of  the  whole  ;  as  Vitruvius,  from  knowing  the 
breadth  of  a  lingle  trigliph,  could  determine  the  dimenfions  of 
the  temple  it  belonged  to  ;  that  is,  from  the  breadth  of  a  trigliph 
he  couki  know  all  the  meafures  of  the  order  it  belonged  to  ;  and, 
knowing  the  figure  and  afpecfl,  or  number  of  columns  in  the  front 
of  the  temple,  he  could  tell  the  dimenfions  of  the  whole. 

The  foundations  of  this  church  when  firft  laid  were  attended 
with  a  great  many  difhculties  and  a  large  expence  ;  and  when 
completed  could  not  be  altered  without  much  expence,  and  fome 
hazard  to  the  fuperltruulure.  Hence  it  happens,  that  the  plan  of 
the  church  has  retained  {o  much  of  its  original  form,  notwith- 
flanding  the  many  accidents  which  happened  to  the  fuj:)erll:ruc- 
ture,  that  it  will  not  be  difficult  to  trace  the  plan  of  the  nave  and 
ailes  from  the  tower  wellward  with  fome  degree  of  certainty  ;   but 

the 


ON     CROYLAND     ABBEY. 


'9« 


the  tranfept,  with  the  choir,  and  other  buildings  eaftward,  cannot 
be  lb  well  aicertained,  all  their  foundations  being  totally  deftroyed; 
nothing  but  the  cavities  which  once  contained  them  remains,  and 
from  thefe  we  may  difcover  the  extent  and  general  form  of  the 
building,  and  the  number  of  pillars  it  once  contained  ;  but  their 
relpeclive  fituations  muft  be  dcterniined  by  their  relation  to  other 
parts  of  the  building  already  known. 

The  extent  of  the  nave  and  its  ailes,  with  the  number  of  pillars 
and  arches,  may  be  e^adtly  afcertained  by  the  prefent  ruins.  'Ihe 
great  arch  and  its  two  pillars,  which  fupported  the  weft  fide  of  the 
tower  of  Ethelbald's  church,  are  now  ilanding,  with  the  two  abut- 
ments in  the  weft  front.  Thefe  determine  the  exad;  length  of  the 
nave,  and  prove  that  no  alteration  has  been  made  in  its  length  or 
width.  The  original  breadth  of  the  ailes  is  determined  by  the 
fouth  wall,  great  part  of  which  yet  remains,  in  which  were  two 
doors,  formerly  the  entrances  into  the  eaft  and  weft  walks  of  the 
cloifter.  The  weftern  door  was  deftroyed  fome  time  ago  ;  the 
other  is  partly  hid  by  a  more  modern  work  ;  but,  from  what  re- 
mains, we  may  fee  it  was  richly  ornamented. 

That  the  number  of  pillars,  and  their  diftances  from  center  to 
center,  are  the  fame  as  in  the  firft  church,  appears  by  the  remains 
of  the  two  laft  arches  adjoining  to  the  tower  weftward,  and  from 
them  the  height  and  ftyle  of  the  building  may  be  very  nearly 
defcribed. 

From  the  few  data  above-mentioned,  I  have  ventured  to  make 
the  annexed  plan  of  Ethelbald's  church,  not  to  fliew  the  minute 
meafures  of  its  particular  parts,  but  the  general  form  of  the  plan 
and  its  grofs  meafures.  The  figure  of  this  church  was  a  Latin 
crofs,  and  the  moft  antient  1  have  feen  of  that  form  ;  the  greater 
part  of  our  churches  built  before  the  Gonqueft,  being  parallelo- 
grams terminated  with  femi-circular  tribunes;  fuch  as  the  antient 
conventual  church  at  Ely,  built  about  the  year  67  3,  and  fome 
7  otherao 


192  MR.    ESSEX'S    OBSERVATIONS 

others  built  within  the  fame  century.  It  had  only  one  tower, 
which  ftood  upon  the  interfe6lion  of  the  nave  and  tranfept.  Be- 
tween the  weft  entrance  and  the  tower  there  were  nine  arches  and 
eight  pillars  on  each  fide.  The  whole  height  of  the  nave  to  the 
w^all- plate  of  the  roof  was  about  7  5  feer.  This  was  divided  into  two 
arcades  ;  the  firft  divided  the  nave  from  the  ailes  with  fmall 
piers  or  pillars,  and  arches  ;  thefe  ailes  were  vaulted,  and  the 
fecond  arcade,  which  confided  of  piers  and  arches,  divided  into 
two  by  fmall  pillars,  gave  light  to  the  fpace  between  the  roof  and 
vaulting  of  the  aile.  Above  this  ;ircade  was  a  clearftory  of  nine 
%vindows  with  femi-circular  heads.  The  tower  was  fupported 
by  four  elliptical  arches  on  large  pillars,  compofed  of  large  piers 
furrounded  with  half  pillars,  and  the  mouldings  of  all  the  arches 
were  enriched  with  various  ornaments,  fome  in  the  Roman  man- 
ner, neatly  cut  in  different  patterns  common  in  buildings  of  that 
age. 

The  tranfept  extended  four  arches  each  way  from  the  tower. 
On  the  eaft  fide  of  each  was  a  portico,  containing  three  chapels, 
vaulted  like  the  ailes  of  the  nave  and  choir  :  one  of  thefe  chapels 
was  the  Lady-chapel.  The  choir  extended  four  arches  beyond 
the  tower,  and  ended  with  a  femi-circular  tribune  of  five  arches^ 
and  the  ailes  were  continued  quite  round  it.  Mr.  Willis  fuppofed 
the  choir  extended  20.0  feet  beyond  the  weftern  arch  of  the  tower, 
and  that  it  was  80  feet  in  breadth,  which  could  not  be.  The  peo- 
ple of  the  place,  fome  of  whom  might  remember  the  taking  up  of 
the  foundations,  told  Mr.  Willis  it  extended  only  five  pillars  far- 
ther;  and  that  perfectly  agrees  with  my  plan,  which,  including 
the  eaft  pillars  of  the  tower,  and  the  firft  in  the  tribune,  has  no 
more  than  five  pillars.  Mr.  Willis  might  eafily  be  led  into  this' 
miftake  by  the  appearance  of  the  ground  out  of  which  the  found- 
ations have  been  dug  beyond  the  eaft  end  of  the  church  ;   but 

thefe 


ON     CROYLAND    ABBEY. 


193 


thefe  were  the  foundations  of  a  bell  tower,  built  long  after  the 
church,  and  fome  other  buildings  the  ufe  of  which  is  not  known. 

This  I  conceive  was  the  form  of  the  church  built  by  Ethelbald\ 
the  parts  which  remain,  and  from  which  I  have  colledled  the 
general  meafure  of  the  whole,  being  undoubtedly  the  remains 
of  that  building  which  was  deftroyed  by  the  terrible  fire  which 
Indulphus  has  ib  affecftingly  defcribed,  the  marks  of  which  are 
fo  vifibleon  feveral  parts  of  the  ftone  work,  that  we  might  have 
traced  its  progrefs,  had  he  only  told  us  where  it  began,  without 
faying  by  what  wind  it  was  driven. 

It  is  evident  from  Ingulphus's  account,  that  the  church  was  not 
totally  deftroyed  by  the  fire  ;  for  the  north  aile  and  the  north 
traniept  were  but  little  damaged,  and  it  feems  that  part  only  of 
the  roofs  of  the  nave  and  fouth  aile  neareft  the  tower  were  burnt, 
which  being  foon  repaired,  all  that  part  of  the  church  from  the 
tower  weftward  was  made  ufeful,  and  the  body  of  lValthc0fx.x2.vS- 
lated  into  it ;  but  the  choir  being  j^artly  under  the  tower  where 
the  fire  began,  the  burning  timbers  from  the  roof,  bell-frames, 
and  floors  falling  among  the  monks'  ftalls  foon  deftroyed  all  the 
caftern  parts  of  the  church,  and,  at  the  fame  time,  the  flames  be- 
ing driven  towards  the  fouth  tranfept  foon  confumed  that,  with 
the  chapter-houfe,  and  all  the  buildings  of  the  convent  adjoining 
to  it. 

Ingulphus  repaired  the  church  and  rebuilt  the  convent  and  its 
offices,  hi  this  ftate  it  continued  upwards  of  twenty-two  years, 
when  Jeffiud,  his  fucceflbr,  began  to  rebuild  thofe  parts  which  had 
been  deftroyed.  This  work  was  begun  on  the  feventh  of  March, 
1 1  r  3,  under  the  diredion  and  management  of  Odo  the  prior,  and 
Arnold  a  lay-brother,  mafter-mafon  ;  the  firft  ftones  were  laid 
by  abbot  Joffrid,  the  abbot  of  Ramfey,  and  feveral  noblemen 
and  others,  with  much  ceremony  ;  moft  of  whom  contributed 
largely  towards  carrying  on  the  work.  This  ceremony  was  con- 

C  c  duacd 


194  M  R.     E  S  S  E  X  '  S    O  B  S  E  R  V  A  T  IONS 

dudled  with  the  greateft  regularity  and  order  poflible,  in  the  pre- 
fence  of  at  leaft  5000  people  of  both  fexes,  who  were  afterwards 
entertained  at  the  expenceof  the  convent,  and  the:  w^ork  was  cai^- 
ried  on  with  all  poihble  expedition  under  the  diredlion  of  Odo 
and  ArnokL  The  foundations  of  the  old  church  were  not  then 
taken  up,  nor  the  form  altered  ;  for  Odo,  prudently  judging,  that 
the  old  foundations  were  better  fettled  than  any  new  could  be, 
began  the  new  work  either  level  with  the  floor,  or  juft  above  it. 

At  the  welt  end  of  the  fouth  aile  are  the  remains  of  a  later  work 
than  the  time  of  Jofixid.  It  is  ornamented  with  fmall  pillars  and 
archesin  five  ftories.  The  arches  are  various ;  fome  are  fem icircular, 
fome  pointed,  and  others  interlaced.  Above  thefe  are  the  remains 
of  the  demi- fronton  or  gable,  which  hid  the  roof  of  the  aile^ 
This  wall  was  built  in  the  time  of  king  Stephen,  or  Henry  the 
Second,  in  whofe  reign,  when  Edward,  formerly  prior  of  Ramfey, 
wa«  abbot,  it  is  faid  the  church  and  all  the  offices  were  burnt  again, 
but  almoft  immediately  rebuilt.  What  damage  was  done  to  the 
church  by  this  fire  is  not  mentioned  ;  but  that  it  was  not  entirely 
deftroyed  is  certain,  for  there  is  enough  of  the  old  church  remain- 
ing, to  prove  the  contrary.  This  wall,  I  apprehend,  was  part  of 
the  work  done  at  that  time  ;  and  there  might  have  been  more,  but 
there  are  no  remains  of  it.  The  free-mafons  who  were  employed 
in  building  this  end  of  the  aile,  rudely  cut  upon  the  face  of  it  a 
pair  of  compaffes,  and  fome  other  inftrument,  probably  a  Lezvis^ 
with  two  circular  figures ;  one  of  them  I  fuppofe  was  intended  for 
the  fun,  w^ith  flames  burfting  from  its  circumference,  the  other 
may  be  defigned  to  rcprefent  the  moon  or  a  i^ar.  Thefe  never 
could  be  meant  as  ornaments  to  the  w'ork  ;  and  if  they  have  any 
meaning  at  all,  they  fc^m  to  relate  to  the  niyit^ries  of  mafonry,. 
and  might  be  intended  as  emblems  or  figns  of  fomething  knowii 
by  the  free  mafons  only  *- 

III 

■*  If  the  focieties  vvho'  call  therofelves  Freemafons  had  any  relation  to  thofe  who 

were 


ON     CROYLAND    ABBEY. 


^55 


In  the  weft-front  of  the  nave  are  the  remains  of  two  ftyles  of 
building.  The  great  weft  door  with  the  ftatues  on  each  fide,  part  of 
the  window  above  it,  with  the  tabernacles  as  high  as  the  fpringing. 
of  the  arch,  are  of  Henry  the  Third's  time  ;  but  the  upper  part  of 
the  window,  and  the  niches  above,  are  of  Edward  the  Firft's. 
From  hence  I  conjedlure,  that  this  front  was  built  by  abbot  7v0;z^'- 
champ ;  but  the  fronton  and  turrets  being  blown  down  when 
Ralph  Merfke  was  abbot,  they  were  rebuilt  in  the  latter  part  of 
his  time,  or  in  the  beginning  of  his  fucceftbr's,  Richard  Croyland. 
If  the  whole  of  this  front  when  perfedl  was  as  elegant  as  the  lower- 
part  from  the  ground  to  the  fpringing  of  the  arch  of  the  great 
window,  it  was  as  beautiful  a  piece  of  architecSliire  as  any  of  equal 
dimenfions  in  the  kingdom  at  that  time;  but  by  the  deftrudion 
of  the  upper  parts,  its  elegance  was  greatly  impaired,  and  when 
it  was  rebuilt  its  original  beauty  was  not  reftored ;  for  although 
feveral  of  the  ftatues  appear  to  be  of  the  fame  age  as  thofe  belo\s', 
there  is  a  manifeft  difference  in  the  archite6tiire. 

There  are  fome  traces  of  that  ft  vie  of  building  ufed  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  the  Third,  in  the  walls  of  the  north  aile  towards  the 

were  properly  called  mafons  from  their  fkill  in  the  arts  of  building,  we  might  fun- 
pofe  that  thefe  marks  were  the  figns  of  the  lodge  which  the  mal'ons  who  worked 
there  belonged  to  ;  and  the  degree  which  the  matter  held  in  the  lodge  mi"ht  be 
diflinguiflied  by  the  two  great  luminaries,  the  I'un  and  moon.  The  Louve  or 
Lewis,  as  it  is  commonly  called,  is  an  inftrument  uled  bv  mafons  for  fixir."-  the 
tackle  to  large  ftones  when  they  want  to  raife  or  i^x.  them  in  their  places  ;  this  in- 
ftrument  has  been  ufed  by  modern  frce-mafons  as  a  mark  of  .dillindlion  in  Ibme 
lodges;  but  the  antient  Louve  was  different  from  the  modern,  which  is  a  French 
invention  of  no,grcat  antiquity.  Vitruvius,  Lib.  lo.  1 1 .  calls  them  yi^/tTJ.  They 
confifled  of  two  pieces  of  iron,  with  rings  or  holes  at  the  top,  and,  when  hung 
loofe  by  a  cord  palling  through  the  holes,  had  the  fame  appearance  as  thofc  rcpre- 
fented  in  this  front.  When  they  ufed  them,  they  drilled  two  holes  obliquely  in  the 
upper  bed  of  the  ftone,  at  a  convenient  diftance  from  each  other,  and  having  put 
one  iron  into  each  hole,  a  rope  was  put  through  the  holes  of  the  irons,  which,  beino- 
drawn  tight,  fixed  them  firm  in  the  ftone  to  be  raifcd.  This  inilrument  was  ufed 
by  the  mafoiis  in  England  lb  late  as  .the  time  of  Henry  the  l.ighth,  and  probably 
later. 

G  c   2  eaft 


iy6  MR.    ESSEX'S    OBSERVATIONS 

call:  end,  which  muft  have  been  the  work  of  abbot  Bardeney,  who 
rebuilt  that  aile,  and  made  it  eleven  feet  wider  ;  but  it  has  under- 
gone confiderable  alterations  fince  that  time,  lo  that,  excepting 
fome  remains  o-f  the  north  wall,  little  of  it  is  left  to  dirtinguifli 
what  was  done  in  that  age. 

In  the  tim.e  of  Edward  the  Frril  or  Second,  the  windows  in  this 
aile  were  altered  ;    and  in  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Fourth,  chapels 
were  built  againft  the  north  wall,  and  the  oppofite  windows  re- 
moved into  them.      The  tower  at  the  weft  end  of  this  aile,  and 
the  two  large  buttrefles  againft  the  weft  front,  are  of  the  fame 
age,  and  it  is  probable  were  all  executed  under  the  direction  of 
William  Croyland,  mailer  of  the  works,  who  built  the  arches  and- 
pillars  of  the  nave.      But  the  roof  and  cieling  of  the  nave,   and" 
the  ftone  vaultings  of  the  north  and  fouth  ailes,  were  not  com- 
pleted until  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Sixth.      The  fouth  buttrefs 
againft  the  weft  end  of  the  nave  has  two  door-ways,  one  above 
the  other.    Of  what  ufe  they  were  I  cannot  fay,  unlefs  there  haS' 
])een  a  ftone  ftair-cafe  leading  to  fome  apartment  which  joined  to 
the  church,  which  is  not  improbable  ;   but  Dr.  Stukeley  fuppofed: 
it  was  built  on  the  brick- work  of  St.Guthlac's  original  cell  whecL 
the  church  was  rebuilt,  A.  D.  7  1 6,  and  that  the  door- way  opened 
into  the  original  chapel,  which  he  fuppofes  was  at  the  weft  end  of 
the  fouth  aile.      But  Guthlac's  cell  and  chapel  were  little  better 
than  wooden  huts,  which  could  have  no  foundation  capable  of 
bearing  the  weight  of  fuch  a  mafs  of  ftone  as  is  contained  in  this 
buttreft.      By  what  authority  the  dodor  has  determined  the  fite 
of  Guthlac's  cell  and  chapel  to  have  been  at  the  weft  end  of  the 
fouth  aile  does  not  appear*;     but  we  may  venture  to  fay,  that 

*  The  body  of  St.  Gut-hkc  was  placed  in  the  body  of  feme  part  of  the  elinrcb, 
but  the  place  is  not  defcribed  -,  the  body  of  Waltheof  was  placed  by  it  under  an 
arch  of  ftone,  anno  1091.  Hifi.  Croyl.  p.  36.  Six.  years  after,  Guthlac  was  tranf- 
latcd  to  a  place  of  more  eminence,  p.  54.  The  altar  of  Guthlac  was  in  the  eaft 
past  of  the  church,  p.  62  \  but  he  was  buried  at  Anchor-church. 

this. 


ON    CROYLANDABBEY.  197. 

this  buttrefs  has  no  relation  to  it,  any  more  than  its  oppofite  on  the  . 
north  :  for  they  were  both  built  at  the  fame  time  by  the  archi- 
te(5t  who  rebuilt  the  nave  of  the  church,  and  were  intended  as 
abutments  to  refill  the  thruft  of  the  arches  to  be  built  within  the 
nave ;  and  at  the  fame  time  the  two  aukward  buttrefles  were 
built  at  the  eaft  end  of  the  nave  againft  the  tower  to  refift  the 
thruft  of  the  arches  which  fupported  it  when  thofe  in  the  nave 
were  taken  down. 

The  monks' choir  was  feparated  from  the  nave  by  a  ftone 
fcreen  of  convenient  height  finiflied  at  the  top  with  a  double  row 
of  quatrefoils.  In  it  were  two  doors,  and  between  them  two 
altars,  one  towards  the  nave  for  publick  fervice,  the  other  for 
the  monks  only  ;  the  doors  were  made  for  the  convenience  of 
thofe.  who  officiated  ai  the  altar  next  the  nave,  and  for  the  monks 
when  they  came  out  of  the  choir  in  procefllon.  The  prefent 
fcreen  was  built  when  the  nave,  was  finiflied,  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  the  Sixth  ;  but  the  window  and  all  the  wall  above  the 
fafcia  of  quatrefoils  was  added  after  the  Reformation,  when  the. 
nave  was  inclofed  for  the  ufe  of  the  parifli.  The  back  of  this 
fcreen  towards  the  monks'  choir  was  handfomely  ornamented  with 
arches  and  tracery  ;  but  the  fide  next  the  nave  was  plain  and  co-  - 
vered  with  tapeftry,  or  other  hangings  as  high  as  the  fafcia. 

The  choir,  which  extended  near  100  feet  beyond  the  fcreen,s 
exclufive  of  the  tribune,  mull  have  undergone  many  alterations  . 
fince  ir.  was  built  by  Ethelbald  ;  but  they  feem  to  have  continued  , 
the  fame  plan,  by  building  upon  the  original  foundations,  and, 
whatever  alterations-  they  might  make  in  the  ftyle.of  building  in  . 
the  eallern  pait  of  it,  the  tower  which  was  over  the  well  end  rcr 
mained  unaltered  until  its  final  delirudion.  . 

The  high  altar  flood  at  the  entrance  into  the  tribune,  under  a  . 
baldachin,  or  ciborium,  richjy  carved,  and  inclofed  all. round  with 

a  bal- • 


J9'^  M  K.  ' E  S  S  E  X  '  S     OBSERVATIONS 

a  balluftrade ;  beyond  it  towards  the  call  was  the  fliruie  of  St. 
Guthhic. 

The  tranfept  was  interfci^ed  Ijy  the  choir,  which  dividad  it  into 
twx)paTts,  north  and  Touth.  In  each  arm  there  were  three  porti- 
coes on  the  eall  fide.  The  farthefl  in  the  north  arm  was  the  chapel 
of  Thomas  Wells,  ab'oot,  who  was  buried  there  in  the  year  1253. 
One  was  dedicated  to  our  Lady  ;  and  the  other  might  be  the  cha- 
pel of  St.  John  the  Evangelift.  In  the  fouth  arm  there  were 
three  porticoes  like  thofe  in  the  north ;  one  was  a  lady-chapel,  an- 
other a  vcftry,  and  it  is  probable  the  other  was  the  facrifty  or 
muniment  room  ;  a  new  fcreen  was^  made  to  this  Lady-chapel  in 
Henry  the  Sixth's  time,  by  Simon  Erefby.  All  thefe  chapels,  the 
porticoes  or  ailes  of  th6  ilave,  and  round  the  choir,  were  vaulted 
with  ilone  ;  and  the  tribune  over  the  high  altar  was  covered  with 
a  half  dome.  But  the  nave  and  choir  w*ere  cieled  with  wood 
painted,  agreeable  to  the  cuftom  of  thofe  times. 

If  we  may  judge  of  Ethelbald's  church  from  the  plan  and 
wfiat  remains  of  the  fuperftru6ture,  it  was  a  regular  and  not 
inelegant  building,  and  although  it  fuffered  greatly  by  fire  in 
the  time  of  Ingulphus,  it  does  not  appear  to  have  undergone  any 
material  change  in  its  form  when  the  eaft  end  and  fouth  arm  of 
the  tranfept  were  rebuilt  under  the  diredlion  of  Odo  and  Arnold. 
The  firft  deviation  from  the  original  plan  was  made  in  the 
time  of  Henry  the  Third,  when  the  north  aile  was  taken 
down  and  made  wider ;  this  dertroyed  the  regularity  of  the 
plan,  and  confequently  added  nothing  to  the  beauty  of  the 
building.  In  the  fame  reign  the  beautiful  welt  front  was 
added  to  the  nave ;  and  the  whole  of  the  church  to  the  tower 
was  intended  to  be  rebuilt  in  the  fame  ilile,  as  appears  by 
the  preparations  made  for  it.  Had  this  been  done,  the  fouth 
aile  would  have  been  rilade  equal  in  width  with  the  north, 
;ind  the  whole  weft  front  would  have  been  completed  in  the 
I  fame 


ON    CROYLAND    ABBEY.  199 

lame  ftyle  as  that  in  the  center.  Thus  the  regularity  and  uni- 
formity of  the  building  \vould  have  been  preferved,  though  its 
proportions  would  have  been  a  Httle  impaired. 

In  the  time  of  Henry  the  Sixth,  William  Croyland^  many  years 
mailer  of  the  works,  under  whofe  diredion  many  parts  of  the 
church  and  abbey  were  repaired  and  Ibme  rebuilt,  had  an  oppor- 
tunity of  completing  the  delign  which  was  begun  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  the  Third,  the  whole  nave  being  then  rebuilt  under  his 
diredtion  \  but  he  was  deficient  in  the  art  of  deligning,  and  wanted 
ju<lgement  to  execute.  We  muft  attribute  every  deformity  appa- 
rent in  this  building  to  his  want  of  taii:e ;  the  ridiculous  tower 
and  clumfey  fpire  at  one  corner  of  the  weft  front,  the  two  enor- 
mous buttreffes  built  againft  the  elegant  front  of  the  nave,  and 
,thofe  as  abfurdly  placed  within  the  church  againft  the  tower  of 
the.tranfept,  were  defigned  by  him;  and  to  his  want  of  judgement 
in  the  execution  of  his  work,  may  be  imputed  moft  of  the  defedls 
which  muft  have  appeared  foon  after  the  w^ork  was  finiflied,  an^J 
Jiow  threaten  deftru(Stion  to  the  moft  beautiful  remains  of  the 
building ;.  for  the  works  which  he  intended  for  its  fupport  were 
the  primary  caufe  of  its  ruin. 

The  buildings  and  offices  belonging  to  this  abbey  muft  have 
been  very  extenfive,  as  appears,  from  the  number  of  n^onks  and-. 
lay-brothers,  beftdes  fervants  refident  there,  and  upwards  of  100 
monks  of  other  monafteries,  who  all,  when  they  came,  had  a  ftaji 
in  the  choir,  a  feat  in  the  refetStory,  and  a  bed  in  the  dormitory  ; 
befides  thefej  tiiey  often  entertained  many  ftrangers,  who  found 
aniong  them  a  comfortable  retreat  in  times  of  danger.  But  thefe 
monks  were  no  lefs  famous  for  their  ^earning  than  hofpitality;;, 
the  nobility  fent  their  children  to  them  for  inftru6lion  ;  and  to 
them  the  univerfity  of  Cambridge  was  obliged  for  the  revival  of 
learningj  if  not  the  firft  inftitution  of  publick  le6lures  among 
tkem,    .  But  all  the  buildings  belonging  to  this  Qnce  famous. mo.- 

nai^ery. 


:  260  MR.   ESSEX'S    O  B  S  E  R  V  A  T  r  O  N  S 

'naftery  and  antient  feminary  of  learning,  except  a  fmall  part  of 

'the  church,  are  now  fo  completely  deftroyed,  that  not  a  ftone  is 

left  by  which  we  can  trace  them.      Jn  the  place  where  the  abbot's 

•  apartments  once  tlood  there  is  a  trench  "almoft  filled  up,  which  the 

people  of  the  place  fuppofe  was  a  canal,  made  to  bring  the  ftoncs 

and  other  materials  to  the  church  while  it  was   building,  bur  in 

reality  it  was  an  intrenchment,  made  when  it  was  garrifoned  in  the 

'time  of  the  civil  war,  as  the  two  baftions  yet  remaining 'Sufficiently 

'evince.  This  intrenchment  is  about  30  yards  fouth  of  the  church 

and  parallel  to  it,. which  being  very  near  the  extent  of  the  cloifter 

'that  way,  the  abbot's  apartments,  which  were  againft  the  fouth  lidc 

of  them,  muil:  have  Hood  where  the  trench  now  runs. 

The  abbot's  apartments,  the  cloifters,  and  fome  others  adjoining 

'the  church,  were  built  with  rtone,  but  the  reil  of  the  offices  with 

-timber;   and  as  thefe  required  very  Qi  allow  foundations,  they  were 

•very  foon  erafed  after  the  buildings  were  deftroyed,  and  the  ilones 

-^nd  rammel  being  carried  away  to  repair  houfes  or  mend  roads, 

the  ground  was  left  with  fuch  irregular  cavities,  that  it  is  impoffi- 

'ble  to  trace  any  plan  of  the  buildings  from  them  ;   but  as  many  of 

them  are  mentioned  in  the  hiftory  of  the  abbey,  and  the  fituations 

6 f  fome  of  them  pretty  well  defcribed,  I  have  drawn  from  thence 

fuch  a  general  plan  as  may  ferve  to  fliew  the  fituations  of  the  prin- 

'■cipal  apartments  and  offices,  though  neither  the  internal  divifions 

or  meafures  can  poffibly  be  afcertained. 

Moft  of  thele  buildings  were  burnt  and  rebuilt  at  different  times, 
and  it  is  probable  their  fituations  were  fometimes  changed  ;  but 
this  plan  is  intended  to  fliew  how  they  were  fituated  in  the  time  of 
•Ingulphus,  and  to  mark  fome  which  have  been  added  fince. 

That- the  original  plan  of  this  church  was  a  Latin-crofs,  termi- 
nated with  a  femicircular  tribune,  conformable  to  the  mode  <5f 
building  introduced  by  the  Roman  miffionaries  foon  after  the  con- 
^ertion  of  the  Saxons,  will  admit  of  little  doubt  by  thofe  who  are 

acquainted 


O  N     C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D    A  B  B  E  Y.  201 

acquainted  with  the  principles  of  ancient  architedture  :  and  that 
the  fuperlh'utSlure  correfponded  with  the  plan  can  be  as  little 
doubted  by  thofe  who  examine  the  fmall  remains  of  it  with  at- 
tention. Some,  however,  may  doiibt  whether  this  mode  of 
building  was  ufed  in  England  before  the  arrival  of  the  Normans  ; 
but  it  mult  be  remembered,  there  is  no  effential  difference  be- 
tween the  Saxon  and  Norman  architefture  when  ufed  in  build- 
ings of  the  fame  kind,  for  both  ufed  that  ftyle  of  architecture 
which  was  introduced  foon  after  the  arrival  of  St.  Auguiline,  as 
is  evident  by  the  defcriptions  which  the  hiltorians  of  thofe  times 
have  given  of  fome  of  them  ;  particularly  of  the  famous  church 
at  Hexham  in  Northumberland,  built  by  St.  Wilfrid  3  90  years  before 
the  Norman  conqueft,  and  not  more  than  42  years  before  the 
church  at  Croyland  was  built.  The  church  at  Hexham  was  indeed 
larger  than  this,  but  correfponded  with  it  in  every  other  refpe(ft  ib 
much,  that  the  defcriptions  we  have  of  it  by  Eddius,  in  his  Life  of 
Wilfrid,  or  in  Richard  prior  of  Hexham,  may  ferve  for 
either.  Other  churches  of  equal,  or  larger  dimenfions,  but  of  the 
fame  ftyle,  were  built  in  England  many  years  before  the  Conqueft, 
as  appears  from  the  defcriptions  we  have  of  fome,  and  from  the 
remains  of  others,  which  were  partly  rebuilt  in  after-ages.  Several 
of  our  cathedrals  rebuilt  foon  after  the  Conqueft  were  of  the  hime 
form  and  manner  of  building  as  this,  and  tbe  cathedral  at  Pcicr- 
borough  feems  to  be  a  copy  of  it,  which,  if  reduced  to  its  original 
ftate,  would  be  found  to  refembie  it  in  many  refpecfts,  allowance 
being  made  for  fome  trifling  variations  necefllirily  ariling  from 
the  difference  of  their  dimenfions:  nor  would  it  be  diffjcult  to 
trace  the  form  of  that  church,  which,  if  diveiied  of  all  the  additions 
which  have  been  made  to  the  original  defign  at  various  times, 
would  be  found,  when  reduced  to  its  fimple  ftate,  the  fineft  fpcci- 
men  of  the  early  Norman  architedlure  we  have  in  England  ;  -but 
it  is  fo  difguifed  by  the  addition  of  various  parts  which  have  no 

D  d  connctflion 


202  M  R.    ESSEX'S    OBSERVATIONS 

conne<5tion  with  the  original  defign,  that  the  uniformity  of  the 
whole  is  almort  deftroyed. 

In  the  annexed  plan  of  Croyland  church,  the  references  are 
made  to  thofe  particular  parts  which  are  mentioned  in  the  coarfe 
of  the  hiftory;  but  all  additions  to  the  original  plan  are  omitted, 
to  avoid  confufion.  As  to  the  general  plan  of  the  church  and 
offices,  great  part  of  it  is  conjedlural,  but  will  ferve  to  fl:iew  the 
Htuations  of  the  principal  offices  as  they  flood  in  the  time  of  In- 
gulphus,  and  fome  which  were  added  after  his  time :  the  pro- 
grefs  of  that  dreadful  fire  which  deftroyed  them  in  his  time  may 
be  eafily  traced  by  this  plan.  A  more  correct  plan  of  the  offices, 
with  their  dimenfions,  might  have  been  made,  had  not  the  founda- 
tions been  deftroycd  :  and  it  is  much  to  be  wiflred,  that  plans  of 
other  great  monafteries,  where  any  confiderable  ruins  remain, 
were  taken  before  they  are  quite  deftroyed,  as  they  may  fome  time 
or  other  ferve  to  illuftrate  the  accounts  we  meet  with  in  our  antient 
ecclefiaftical  writers,  w  hich  are  not  eafdy  underftood  without  fuch 
helps  ;  the  metropolitan  church  of  Canterbury,  the  convent  of 
Chrift-church,  and  the  monallery  of  St.  Auguftin  particularly  de- 
-ferve  an  accurate  and  critical  furvey,  there  being  confiderable  re- 
mains in  both  of  great  antiquity,  intermixt  with  others  of  various 
-ages. 


Refe- 


ON    C  R  O  Y  L  A  N  D    A  B  B  E  Y.  ac^ 


xleferences  to  the  Plan  of  the  Ckurch. 

A.  The  Monks'  choir. 

B.  The  High  altar. 

c.  The  Altar  at  the  back  of  the  Screen. 

D.  The  Nave. 

E.  The  High  Altar  in  the  Nave. 

F.  The  North  arm  of  the  Tranfept  with  three  Chapels;  one 
was  the  Lady-chapel. 

G.  The  South  arm  of  the  Tranfept  with  three  Chapels ;  one 
was  a  Lady-chapel. 

H.  Part  of  the  Cloifters, 

References  to  the  general  Plan. 

A.  The  Church. 

B.  Chapter-houfe. 

c.   Cloifter.  ^l.,,  •  ,•;  .,  , 

D.  Part  of  the  North-fide  of  te  Ooatt,  containing  the- Abbot's 
Chambers,  Chapel,  and  Kitchen. 

E.  Eafl-fide,  containing  the  Refectory  and  Dormitory,  the 
Kitchen,  Hall,  and  Chamber  of  New  Converts,  the  Shoe-makers' 
■work-room,  &c. 

F.  South-fide,  containing  the  Strangers'  Ilallj  and  two  large 
Chambers,  the  Beer  Cellars,  8cc» 

G.  Weft-fide,  containing  the  Brewhoufe  and  Bakehoufe,  the 
Granary,  Stables,  and  Rooms  over  it  for  fervants. 

H.  Part  of  the  North-fide,  with  the  Almonry,  the  Abbey-gate,, 
and  the  Chapel  of  St.  Martin,  a  later  building. 

D  d    2  1,  The 


204  MR.    ESSEX'S    OBSERVATIONS. 

I.  The  Infirmary  and  Chapel,  and  covered  way  to  them. 

K.   Bell  Tower  beyond  the  Choir. 

L.  The  State  Apartments,  built  about  1469.  There  appear  the 
traces  of  a  Stair-cafe  from  them  to  the  Weft-door  of  the 
church,  the  remains  of  which  Dr.  Stukeley  took  for  the  founda- 
tion of  St.  Guthlac's  Cell. 


END    OF    NUMBER   XXII. 


***  This  number  contains  Two  Plates,  befides  that  printed  on  the  Letter-prefs 
in  p-  178. 

Pages  *']6,  *77,  ^135,  *i36,  are  additional  leaves  to  N°  XI.  and  pages  xv. 
yvi.  of  the  Preface  to  that  Number  are  herevvirh  reprinted. 


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