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ANTIQUITIES 


I    N 


CAMBRIDGESHIRE,    SUFFOLK, 
SCOTLAND,    AND  WALES. 


BEING 


THE     FIFTH     VOLUME 


O  F     T  H  E 


BIBLIOTHECA  TOPOGRAPHICA  BRITANNICA. 


LONDON.- 
PRINTED     BY     AND     F  O  il     J.     N  I  C  li  O  L  S» 

M  DCC  XC. 


(dOO 


GENERAL   CONTENTS 

O  F     T  H  E 

FIFTH     VOLUME. 


I.  Hiftory  and  Antiquities  of    Barnwell   Abbey  and  Stur- 

BRiDGE  Fair;    with  II  Plates. 

II.  Sir  John  Cullum's  Iliftory  and  Antiquities  of  Hawsted; 

IV  Plates. 

III.  ColletTlions  towards  the   Hiftory  of  Elmswell,   Campsey 

Ash,  Sec. 

IV.  Orme's  Defcription  of  the  Chanonry  of  Old  Aberdeen  ; 

I  Plate. 

V.  Martin's  Hiftory   and    Antiquities  of  St.  Rule's  Chapel ; 

the  Riding  of  the  Parliament,  Sec. ;  III  Plates. 

VI.  Lord  Buchan's  Remarks   on  the  Progress  of  the  Roman 

Arms  in  Scotland  during  the  Sixth  Campaign  of  Agri- 
cola  ;  Plan  and  Defcription  of  the  Camp  at  Rae  Dykes, 
Uc. ;   VI  Plates. 

a  a  VII. 


H'?Af\^'7 


[ivl 

VII.  Gifford's  Hiftorical  Defcription  of  the  Zetland  Islands 
I  Plate. 

VIIL  A  Short  Account  of  Holyhead  ;   III  Plates  *. 

*  One  of  thefe  is  on  an  additional  Leaf  of  Letter-prefs  in  N"  LIL 


.\' 


BIBLIOTHEGA 

TOPOGRAPHICA 

BRITANNIC      A, 

N°  XXXVIII. 


CONTAINING 


The  History  and  Antiqjjities  of  BARNWELL   Abbet, 
and  of    STURBRIDGE  FAIR. 


£  Price  Six  Shillings.  ] 


MONGtrhe  vario\is  Labours  of  Literary  Men,  there  have  ahvays 

been  certain  Fragments  whofe  Size  could  not  fecure  them  a  general 

Exemption  from  the  Wreck  of  Time,  which  their  intrinfic  Merit  entitled 
them  f>  (urvive;  but,  having  been  gathered  up  by  the  Curious,  or  thrown- 
into  Mifccllaneous  Colle>ftions  by  l^ookfellers,  they  have  been  recalled  into 
Exigence,  and  by  uniting  together  have  defended  themfelves  from  Oblivion. 
Origin.il  Pieces  have  been  called  in  to  their  Aid,  and  formed  a  Phalanx  that 
might  withiland  every  Attack  from  the  Critic  to  the  Cheefemonger,  and. 
contributed  to  the  Ornament  as  well  as  Value  of  Libraries. 

With  a  fimilar  view  it  is  here  intended  to  prefent  the  Publick  with  fomc 
valuable  Articles  of  British  Topography,  from  printed  Books  and  MSS. 
One  Part  of  this  Colle£lion  u  ill  confiiT:  of  Re-publications  of  fcarce  and  va- 
rious Trafts ;  another  of  I'uch  MS.  Papers  as  the  Editors  are  already 
poflefled  of,  or  may  receive  from  their  Friends. 

It  is  therefore  propoled  to  publifti  a  Number  occafionally,  not  confined 
to  the  lame  Price  or  Quantity  of  Sheers,  nor  always  adorned  with  Cuts; 
but  paged  in  fuch  a  Manner,  that  the  general  Articles,  or  thofe  belonging 
to  the  refpecElive  Counties,  may  form  a  feparate  Succeffion,  if  there  fhould 
be  enougb  publifhed,  to  bind  in  luitable  Clalles  ;  and  each  Tra6t  will  be 
completed  in  a  hngle  Number. 

Into  this  Collection  all  Communications  confiflent  with  the  Plan  will 
be  received  with  Thanks.  And  as  no  Correfpondent  will  be  denied  the 
Privilege  of  controverting  the  Opinions  of  another,  fo  none  will  be  denied 
Admittance  without  a  fair  and  impartial  Reafon... 


To  the  Binder. 

^*  This  Number  contains  Two  Plates,  the  Head  of  Mr.  Butler,  and  a 
Plan  of  Sturbridge-Fair,  both  properly  paged. 

The  Signatures  are,  Title  Sheet,  p.  i  — 8  ;  C — M,  pages  9 — 80. 

B.  B  b  twice,  C  c — M  m,  pages  i — 104^ 
*A — *D,  pages  I — 32^ 


T    H   5 


HISTORY    AND     ANTIQUITIES 


O  V 


BARNWELL      ABBEY, 


A  N  D    O  F 


STURBRIDGE     FAIR. 


LONDON, 

PRINTED    BY    AND     FOR    J.     NICHOLS, 

RINTER    TO    THE    SOCIETY     OF    ANT1Q.UARIE& 

MDCCLXXXVI, 


"  Canonici  qui  nunc  funt  Barnwelliae  coenobium  olim  habue- 
"  cunt,  per  annos  paucos,  tempore  Gulielmi  Rufi,  prope  Caftelluni 
"  Grantabrigenfe,  eo  in  loco  ubi  nunc  eft  ecclefia  D.  Egidii,  ex« 
*'  tantque  adhuc  veteris  coenobii  aliquot  veftigia.  Tempore  ver6 
"  Henrici  primi  tranflati  funt  Canonici  Bernwelliam  per  Paga- 
"  num  (Peverellum)  comitem  Grantabrigenfem."  Lelanel,  Col- 
ledlanea,  Tom.  Ill,  p.  14.^ 


PREFACE. 


THE  fubje6l  of  this  work  is  an  abftradl  of  the  Regifter  of 
Barnwell  Abbey,  in  the  hand-writing  of  Mr.  Tliomas 
Rutherforth,  rector  of  Papworth  Agnes,  in  the  county  of  Cam- 
bridge, (and  fatlier  of  the  late  Dr.  Rutherforth),  whofe  refearches 
into  the  hiltory  and  antiquities  of  the  county  of  Cambridge  are 
well  known.  The  original  MS.  with  additions  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Mafon,  is  now  in  the  hands  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Peck,  fenior  fellow 
of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge  *,  who  obligingly  communited  it 
to  the  editor. 
Among  Mr.  Baker's  MSS.  in  the  Harleian  Collection,  N°  7036,  is, 

*'  Liber  memorand.  Ecclefiae  Convent' de  Eernewell,  p.  i— .  152. 
"  Idem,  ut  videtur,  quo  ufus  ell:  Lelandus  &:  Camdenus.  Hie 
*'  liber  ("quantum  conje61ura  probab.li  alfequi  poffumus)  circa 
"  an.  26  regni  Ed\vardi  regis  Angliae  primi  compilatus,  An. 
"  Domini  1298." 

It  is  a  tranfcript  of  the  Barnwell  Ledger  Book,  Harl.  MS. 
3601, 

An  Extr.i(St  of  the  Bernwell  Book  fee  in  Lcland's  ColIe^Slanea, 
Tom  I.  pars  2.  p.  433  —443- 

The  book  begins  as  this,  "  Regnante  illuftri  Rege  Angl'  Will'o 
"  primo,"  Sec.  See. 

*  See  Britifh  Topogr.  vol.  I.  [■>,  192.  Several  volumes  of  his  CoIIedions  were 
purchafed  at  the  fale  ot"  Dr.  Malbn's  MSS.  by  Mr.  Gough.  From  the  tranfcript  of 
the  bilhop  of  Ely's  regiftcrs  among  them  are  taken  the  articles  in  the  Appendix. 

B  3  PRO- 


i6  PREFACE. 

PROLOGUS. 

"  Sole  ad  occafum  tendente  fervor  diei  tepefcit,  8c  miindo  fe- 
"  nefcente  caritas  refrigefcit.  Set  quia  fcriptum  eft,  ubi  refrigefcit 
*'  caritas,  ibi  dominatur  iniquitas  non  eft  mirum  fi  fraus,  dolus^ 
"  &  maliiia,  cxteraque  vitia  in  mundo  pvilulent:  fet  niagis  timen- 
"  dum  eft  li  coiivaleicent,  quod  totum  mundum  fuo  veneno  infi- 
*'  cient.  Quia  tamen  pie  crcditur,  quod  ubi  eft  fpiritus  Dei,  ibi 
*'  crit  et  libertas,  fervi  Dei  quamvis  prefluras  patiantur  in  mundo, 
*'  non  tamen  couficientur  in  tempore  male;  fet  falvabit  eos 
*'  Dominus,  8c  liberabit  eos,  8c  eruet  eos  a  perfecutoribus,  quia 
"  fperaverunt  in  eo.  Quapropter  et  fervi  Dei  de  caetero  liberius 
"  evadant  manus  hominum  impiorum  per  Omnipot.  Dei  adjuto- 
"  rium  ;  ex  quo  certum  eft,  quod  humana  memoria  labilis  eft, 
"  operoe  pretium  eft  in  fcriptis  aliqua  redigere,  quae  ecclefiae 
"  noftrae  utilitati  poffint  proficere,  8c  patribus  noftris,  modernis, 
*'  8c  poft  futuris,  in  fuis  anguftiis,  Sc  foevientis  mundi  perfecuti- 
*'  onibus  per  infpedtionem  hujus  libelli  fubvenire.  Ad  hoc  igi- 
*'  tur  opus  congrue  perficiendum  fpiritus  fandli  gratia  fuuna 
^'  prieftat  auxilium." 

Manner  of  doing  homage  :  extra(5ted  from  the  above  book. 

When  a  tenant  thai  do  his  homage,  he  fliall  holde  his  handys 
togeder,  and  put  them  on  his  ladys  handys,  and  flial  faye  in 
this  forme  that  foloweth,  "  I  becom  your  man." 

A  copy  of  this,  or  fome  other  book  relating  to  this  houfe,   is  in 

the  Archbiftiop's   hbrary   at   Lambeth,    N°  959,    from  which 

the    follo\»'ing    extradls    were  communicated  by   tiie  hie   Dr. 

Ducarel : 

De  Quo  Warranto,  &:c. 

In  fine  Itiiieracois  Jufiic'  multa   vintrunt  brev"  icg',  de  quo  warranto.  Rex  enim 

;' Hen.  III. J  ante   bicnnium   per  confilium  Domini  jotiis  de  Kirlby   inceperat  caf- 

trum  ("antebrig',   undo  ex  pucipto  rc^is  fatta  fuit  inouifitio  per  bberos  &   le|^,.k'S 

Jno;nines  de  ccaiitatii  dc  procinCtu  calUi,  qui  jurati  teccrunt  circuitum,  incipitiites 

ad 


PREFACE.  7 

ad  locum  qvii  vocatur  Armefwick,  circuibant  fofla'um  caflii,  alcendentcs  ufque  ad 
locum  qui  vocatur  Afwickfton,  &  defcendentes  lecerunt  tranfitum  per  Uiediiii:. 
Guris  fcholarura  de  M'ton  *  per  vetus  loHatuiii  ufque  ad  rivcram.  Et  tandem  reilt- 
untes  dederunt  refponfum  fuum  quod  totus  ille  circuitus  fpe(flabat  ad  precinduiu 
cafiri  per  lacrameiitum  quod  fecerunt.  Et  ex  hac  occafione  venerunt  brevia  regi* 
fingula  fuper  omnes  inhabitantcs  ultra  pontem  ex  parte  cailri.  Quo  warranto,  &c. 
Unde  timor  omnes  invafit ;  Prior  vero  oppofuit  le  dicens,  quod  ad  ccclefiam  fandti 
Egidii  juxta  caftrum  erant  canonici  de  Barnewell  in  principio  fundati,  ibique  ha- 
buerunt  officinas  fuas  fatis  competentes,  &  duas  acras  terre  ante  portam  ecclefie  fue 
verfus  ripam,  &c.  Tnde  Juftic'  prefixerunt  diem  Priori  &  omnibus  habitantibus 
ultra  pontem  prope  caftrum  ad  fcaccarium  regis,  &c.  Lib.  3. 

Hffic  inquifitio  fadta  fuit  tempore  !:-imonis  de  Alfellis  qui  erat  Prl:,r  duodecimus- 
in  ordine.  Ifte  Simon,  Jolano  cedente,  eledtus  eft  in  Priorem  communi  omnium 
voluntare.  Epifcopus  vero  Elienfis  Hugo  de  Baielham  (cujus  tunc  erat  officialis) 
eundem  cum  gaudio  fufcepit,  &  Priorem  fecit.  Hie  Hugo  conftituit  collegium 
Sanfti  Petri  in  Cantabrigia  anno  1280;  cui  poteftas  fadta  fuit  per  Edvvardum  pri- 
mum  anno  regni  fui  9'. 

Ex  Hiftor.  Barnwell. 
Johannes  Peckham  Archiepifcopus  Cant'  vifitavit  prioratum  de  Barnewell,  lib.  1°, 
Abbas  de  Kvefham  fuit  Vicecancellarius,  lib.  2. 
Audiens  antem  rex  (Henricus)  quod  Infulares  multa  mala  facerent  in  circuitu, 
venit  cum  magno  exercitu  ad  villam  Cantebrig'  &  ibi  hofpitabatur.  Rex  vero- 
Alemannie  Richardus  pater  regis  hofpitabatur  in  prioratu  de  Barnewell.  Ilex  vero- 
fecit  edificari  portas  &  facere  foflatas  in  circuitu  ville  cum  magna  diligentia,  nee 
pcrmifit  operarios  diebus  feftivis  ab  opere  incepto  ceflare.  Miniftris  vero  Regis 
quotidie  exibant  per  circuitum  infule  fi  forte  poffent  aliquos  de  Infularibus  compre- 
hendere.  Exierunt  ergo  quidam  Infulares  de  fua  virtute  confidentes,  &  ceperunt 
mala  facere  in  villa  de  HorninggefTcy  fecundum  quod  confueverant  in  contemptuni 
Regis.  Sed  miniftri  Regis  quatuor  ex  ipfis  comprehenderunt,  ceterique  fugerunt 
ad  naves  fuas :  de  quibus  quatuor  comprehenfis  tres  funt  decoUati,  quartus  vero 
erat  Walterus  de  Cothcnham,  miles  fadtus  in  Infula,  &  hie  erat  laqueo  fufpenfus. 
A  die  ergo  illo  fafta  eft  fecuritas  habitantibus  in  patria,  quamdiu  Rex  prcfens- 
erat.  Poft  paucos  vero  dies  venerunt  rumorcs  ad  Hegem  quod  Comes  Glouc' 
cepiflet  civitatcm  London',  &  quod  legatus  miffus  in  Anglia  a  latere  domini  pape 
obfelTus  erat  in  turre  Lond  :  &  receflit  Rex  cum  toto  exercitu  fuo  feftinans  ad  partes 
illas,  &  reliquit  villaru  Cantebrig'  fine  cuftode.  Quod  fcientes  Infulares  venerunt 
cum  multitudine  armatorum  ad  villam  Cantabrig',  8e  portas  quas  Rex  conftruxerat 
igne  combulTerunt,  &  multa  mala  &  depredaciones  fecerunt.  Burgenfcs  vero 
Cantabrigienfes,  fcientes  eorum  adventum,  omnes  fugerunt ;  nee  remanlit  unus 
etiam  ex  ipfis  qui  refifteret  Infularibus.  Revertentes  autem  milites  per  prioratum 
de  Barnewell,  inicrunt  inter  fe  confilium  ad  molendinum  venti,  ut  totum  prioratum 
eoncremarent,    &   aulam  precipue  ubi    Rex  Alemannie  hofpitabatur.      Horum. 

*  Merton.. 

3  eoBfilluct 


8  PREFACE. 

confiiium  duravit  fcie  per  duas  horas.  Sed  dominus  Hugo  de  Peche,  &  dominus 
Kobertus  Pcche  fraterejus,  oppofuerunt  fe;  diccntes,  quod  citius  n'orerentur  <^uam 
permitterent  oli'a  patris  fui  &  predcceflbruni  fuoruni  cremari.  £t  fie  Ulvata  eft 
domus  ab  incendio^  &c.      Lib.  3.     Lamb.  MSS.  939.  19.  p.  197. 

This  latter  extradl  is  printed  in  this  work,  p.  15. 

The  two  following  extracts  are  taken  from  Baker's  MSS.  at  Cam- 
bridge, vol.  XXVin.  p.  156. 

"Mart.  15,  153'.  Dominus  [Epifcopus  Elienf]  dedicavit  magnum  altare 
"  B.  Marie  Cantebrig'  &c.  &c.  port  biduum  in  cancello  Omnium  Sandt'  de 
"  R.rnwcll  (propriam  fepukuram  habens)  eft  dedicata." 

"  Anno  1538,  Henricus  VIII.  Rex  et  totius  Ecclcfice  Anglicanae  turn  Synodi 
"  turn  Parliament!  auiiioritate  fupremum  caput  confirmatus  elediionem  prioris  de 
"  Bernweli  fignificat  Epifcopo  Elien',  mandatque  ut  confirmet,  alioquin  Rex  de- 
*'  fcdtum  Epilcopi,  ut  fupremuai  caput,  fupplcre  curabit."  Ccllett'  Epilcopi 
Elienf. 

The  account  of  Sturb ridge  Fair,  a  neceffary  appendage  to 
the  hirtory  of  the  monaftery  and  parifli  in  which  that  famous 
mart  is  kept,  is  compiled  from  various  original  documents,  chiefly 
in  the  colle^ftions  before  mentioned.  The  plan  was  drawn  by  the 
late  ingenious  Mr.  Effex,  who  lived  juft  to  complete  it. 


BARNWELL 


C    9    3 


V  j 


??aorrJir,n»: 


.'b"a  R  k'  W  E'  U.  L     a  b  b  £  .y. 


T'c  '\o  e9fr''5fnf.;  a  t>n'      ' 

IN  the  reign  of  William  the  Conqueror,  one  Picot,  a  Nor- 
man, furnamed  from  his  office  Vicecomes^  had  a  very  rich 
•barortv  giv'en  him  by  thfe  faid  king,  in  Cambridgefliire.  He 
was  fherifF  of  that  county, '-but' he  rankt  as  earl  among  the 
nobility  of  the  kingdom. 

This  earl  Picot  married  a  noble  lady,  whofe  name  was 
,tIuGOLiNE,  a^  very  charitable,  pious,  _  good  woman.  After  the 
death  of  William  the  Conqueror,  and  in  the  reign  of  his  fon 
William  Rufus,  this  Hugoline  was  feized  with  fuch  a  violent 
fit  of  .ficknefs  in  Cambridge,  that  flie  was  given  over  by  the 
king's  phyiicians,  and  many  other  phyficians,  who  were  called 
to  her  affiftance.  Upon  which,  fhe  vo\ved  a  vow  (as  it  is  faid) 
to  God  and  alfo  to  St.  Giles  (whom  flie  had  always  looked 
upon  as  her  peculiar  patron),  and  proniifed,  that  if  Ihe  re- 
covered her  health,  llie  would  build  a  church  to  his  honour, 
and  eftablifh  a  houfe  of  religious,  and  dedicate  the  fame  to 
God  and  St.  Giles.  And  to  this  vow  her.  hufband  confented, 
and  promiled  to  fulfill  it.  Upon  which  flie  perfedlly  reco- 
vered in  three  days.  Therefore  both  flie  and  her  hufband 
were  very  zealous  to  fulfill  their  vow  immediately,   but  could 

C  not 


lo  THE     HISTORY     AND     ANTIQUITIES 

not  agree  what  order  of  religions  to  eftablifli.  At  laft  they  con- 
fnlted  St.  Aniehn,  who  was  then  archbilhop  of  Canterbury,  and 
Remigius  bilhop  of  Lincoln,  in  whole  diocefe  Cambridge  then 
was.  By  their  advice  they  built  a  church  to  the  honour  of  St. 
Giles,  with  convenient  apartments  (officinas  competeiites)^  near 
the  cadle  of  Cambridge;  and  having  gathered  together  lix  canons 
regular,  and  fent  fur  one  Galfrid,  canon  of  Huntingdon,  a  very 
religious  man ;  they  appointed  him  to  govern  this  their  new  ereded 
fbciety,  to  which  they  gave  for  their  maintenance  two  parts  of 
the  tythes  of  all  their  demeihes,  and  of  the  demefnes  of  all 
their  knights  v.ithin  that  province,  having  firfl:  obtained  the  leave 
of  Remigius,  billiop  of  the  diocefe.  They  gave  them  alio  the 
advowfon'«f  lill.thofe  churches  which  belonged  to  them  in  fee,,. 
(ik  jure  fundi)  and  Picot  confirrned  all  thefe  donations  by  his 
charter,  at  the  initance  of  his  wife  Hugoline  '. 

Py cot's  Charter. 

Pycotus  vicecomcs  omnibus  hominibiis  fuis  et  amicis  Francis  ec  Anglis  tarn  prse* 
fentibus  cjuann  tLituris  I'al.    Sciatis  me  confilio  ifni  Rtrrtlgii  Line'  epi  et  precibus  H. 

■uxoris  mrje  conHituifle  canonicos  regulates  apudCanrabrigiann  ad  ccclcliam&ti  Egidii 
in  p-rpttuuiTi  Deo  i'ervituros,  et  eoruni  conlino  dcdillc  eifdem  canonicis  et  concclijire, 
et  hac  mea  charra  confirmaffe,  pro  amore  Dei  et  Chrifti  falvatoris  mei  eccl'  Sti  tgidii 
de  Cant'  ubi  dcmus  eorum  fundiita  eft,  cecl'  de  Mordone  cum  capclla  de 
P.cddcria,  tccl' de  Thadi'laws,  eccl'  de  Biune,  eum  capella  cafteili  et  cum  capella 
de  Caldtrcore,  eccl'  de  CAimbcrtone,  eccl'  de  Maddingcle,  cccl'  de  Kamptcne,  eccl' 
de  Harlcftone,  et  f'e  Henchiilone,  habendas  et  tenendas  libere,  quicte,  honorifice,  in- 

.tegrr,  in  prati^-,  in  jerris,  et  palluris,  et  cum  decimis  molendinorum,  et  cum  omnibus 
a!iis  pertinentibus  in  villa  et  extra  villam,  in  libcram  et  piiram  et  perpetuam  elemc- 

•  finam.  ConCeiTi"rimilirer  jam  dit^is  canonicis  confilio  predidti  R.  Line' ep'  duas 
partes  do  omnibus  domini?  omnium  militum  mcorum  in  C^ntabrigtfliire,  fcil.  de 
Qiieija,  de  Srowe,  de  rWaterbtche,  de  Midletone,  de  Impctonc,  de  Uiftone,  de 
Grettone,  d^^  Hoketon.  de  Ramton,  de  Coteham,  tie  LoUelworth,  de  i'rumpitone, 
de  HarcUngt'eld,  de  Harlcion,  de  Everefdon,  de  Tofte,  de  Caldtcote,  de  Kingilon, 
de  Wi.'-.epKla,    de    (.raudena,  de   Hatteleia,  de  Pampelworth,  de  Aldewincle,  ha- 

,  hend'et  ttnend'  libere,  quiete,  et  integre,  in  perpetuam  et  puram  elemol'*  ad  domus 
iiise  et  -illic  Deo  fervicntium  perpetuam  fullcntacioncm.  Hiis  tcfl.',  Humhido 
capcilano,  SiC. ' 

•  Reg.  Parmvell.     F.  :.  C.  13.  45.  '  F.  2.  C.  6. 

But 


O  F     B  A  R  N  W  E  L  L     A  B  B  E  Y.  j  i 

But  before  they  had  fully  fettled  their  little  convent  ',  botli 
Picot  and  his  wife  died,  and  left  their  eitate  and  honours  to  their 
fon  Robert,  whom  they  ftriiSlly  charged  and  adjured  to  finifli 
that  work.  But  he  was  in  a  very  little  time,  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  I.  charged  with  being  in  a  confpiracy  to  kill  the  king,  and 
fubvert  the  kingdom  ;  and  being  fummoned  to  appear  before 
the  king,  he  fled  to  avoid  the  puniflimcnt  of  his  treafon,  and 
fo  all  his  eftate  and  the  barony  were  con li feat ed  to  the  king's 
ufe  * ;  and  this  convent  of  St.  Giles  was  reduced  to  very  great 
want  and  mifery.  But  in  procefs  of  time,  king  Henry  1.  gave 
that  barony  to  one  of  his  favourites,  Pain  Peverel,  a  famous 
and  a  valiant  foldier,  who  had  been  ftandard-bearer  in  the  Holy 
Land  ^  to  Robert  Curthofe  of  Normandy,  the  eldeft  fon  of  the 
Conqueror,  and  returning  into  England,  uj:!on  Robert's  accom- 
modating matters  with  his  younger  brother  Henry  then  king, 
the  faid  king  took  a  great  liking  to  Peverel,  and  gave  him  the 
barony  of  Pycot,  and  the  fite  where  Barnwell  priory  was  after- 
wards built,  and  confirmed  it  to  the  canons  of  St.  Giles  by  charter, 
together  with  the  church  of  St.  Giles,  and  the  church  of  Cum- 
berftone  ;  and  moreover  gave  to  them  the  tythes  of  all  his  de- 
mefnes  in  Cambridge. 

Pain  Peverel  coming  into  thofe  parts,  and  feeing  the  houfe 
of  St.  Giles  defolate,  and  in  a  miferable  condition,  faid,  that  as 
he  fucceeded  to  the  pofTeflions  of  Picot,  fo  he  would  fucceed 
him  in  finifliing  the  work  which  he  had  left  iraperfedt,  and 
therefore  refolved  to  increafe  the  number  of  canons  to  the  number 
of  the  years  of  his  own  age,  viz.  30  "*.  But  viewing  the  place 
where  the  prefent  houfe  was  built,  and  finding  it  not  fufiicient  to 
contain  apartments  for  all  his  intended  canons,  but  efpecially  that 
they  had  not   the  conveniency  of  a  fpring,  he  obtained  of  the 

'  F.  a.  C.  7.  >  C.  8-  F.  2.  '  F.  18.  C.  34. 

'  F.  2.  C.  9. 

C    2.  king 


12  THE    HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

king  a  certain  place  without -tl}^;  tqw^>  of  CnmhridgefM  ^m^^na 
plalea  ufque  in  i'ln^e/finiCmtebrJ^l^  ^  very.plcajant  lituaCionj  in  the: 
midft  of  which  j,)iqce^pf} ground  \yp|re-[t;]^ie,  .fpringp  galled  Barnwallf 
that  is,   the  Sprvh.igs  of  .tbc  Childrm  ',(,from  the  refqrt  of-  children 
and  young  perfpns  thither  yearly,  on  the'  eve   of  Str;'Jol|n.,^jlie 
Baj)tiil:,   to  amufe  tljien:).|fj^.y,ef/fVvit^ii\y|i-eftl4jiig  }-nfitchejSj[  .ii^jd;-p;.|;)e.r; 
il)orts,   which  concouri'e  in  .(^i,9>ifesli;iig|>fees.gay,§ii-if^ito^||jip/a)ij![. 
there  held.         .        _      ,        j^,^    Yro-incf  fi'l  ■;;'r    31/Jb  ?n{  W^  r: 

On  this  place,   one  Godijo,.  a;  man  qf,  gi'eat  piety,;  leadingr;a- 
folitary  liffi,   had  built  a  .littlej,Qr9;tpry  .vf,j,\vpod,  to  ...the  honou!r,pi;, 
St.  Andrew  the  Apoftie^  ,ijBut,l)<^^pg|,clje-^J,p-U£tle;b,e^9re*;;^..^d^ 
the, plact;  without  inhal^itaat,  and, \\\^^\^'^x^^f^  withoijt;*^ ^S^^^^Povs. 

The   forefaid  lfain;Pe,verel  having-^ reib^.ved  ,up(xi(T»..j:^q, ji-K-pift^-; 
blilhment    of  tiie  ^priory   aforefaid,  und,er  Galfrid■^forejai/.l,.gav^e, 
them  the  foHowing  cl^ja^ter,   not  only.jcjonflrming  t^atj  of..Picot, 
but  alio  to  make  additional  ^giftsof  his  ow,a  i  rui  his!  arij 

P.  Peverel,  on^nlbus!  hqminibiis  §t.:^rpi.cis  Francis  eti'Anglis,  tarn'  pr^^ntibus 
quam  hituris  I'alutmi.  Sciatis  n-e  dediffc  ct  coiicediire,  et  jiac  inea  carta  cpnlinvialie, 
c:inonicis  mcis  Je  Cant',  pro  amore  Deij  e't  pro  farike  amma^'n^ele;  bmncs  ecclefias  ct 
ornnes  citcimas  in  C.in.iabrigcl!hi*e:  qiiaS  Pxcorus  vic:ec<ini*seili)em  canonicis  idedit, 
coijc.efnt,  ft  iua  carta  ccmMiinavti^  tdj;c;',tj  tc- S.Egldii  de  Cant,ai)' gibl  domus  foruni 
tiifiJati  eft,  e'c'  dc  Alordon  Cini-i"  cap'de  Keddferia'.'ec' cle  Thadelaw,  tc'  dc  Brunne 
cu;r,  cap'  c.iilcIH,  e:  cian  cap'  di-  Caldccorc,  ec'  de  (^oinKjrtone,  ec'  de  Madingele, 
t<f  dc  Ramion,  cc'  c'c  Jiafltitone^  t-c'  de-Hcngilonj  habeiid'  &c.as  m  I'ycat's  charter. 

Conccflj  fmii  i-cr  jain  liidis^canjopicis  duas  partes  dccimarum  dc  omnibus  dominiis 
oViiniu.T)  inilirum  nico'um  iri  Cantabrigcfliire,  Icil.  de  L.andheche,  de  Vv'attrbeche.de 
Qi;e!]c,  dc  Sruvv,.  de  Middletone,  de  Impetone,  de  H)ftcne,  de  Grectonr^  de.  Ho-' 
kirune,  dc  Raa;pt^de,.  dcfCpCenham,  dc  Lollewertl)e,  de  TTumpitone,,  de  H^flin^7 
fclJ,^  de  rLifleiloii,  de  Everidoiie,  dc  Toft,  de  CaLiecote,  de  Kin^flone,  de  v\  yne- 
p'tl,  de  {"r^uvdcnr,  de  Hattelc,  'de  I'aiPpiworth,  de  AldcAincie.     Conccfli   iimili¥r 
c.ild.t;.n3  laiK.nicis  (quendv  m  lociim  iactntcm 'in  campis  Cantebrig'   pro  trcidecimacris 
cnca  tonrt-s  de  Bunweilc  <]ucm  Henricus  R.  nrclii  dedit,  ad  domum  eorum   f]abi-_ 
Jrendamet  fundandam.      y^d    h^-brnd' ct  tenend'  in  iiberam  et  pnram  er  perpctuani 
cJerjilGnnain  libci^c,  quierc,  integre,  a  m'agna  piatea  ii'que  in  riv'  dc  Cant'  indicc'o  et 
in    pi  inko,    (ecui-.dum  quod   curia  eorum    in  longum  txtenditur,  et  ficut  cns,.ipx. 
rriiLhi  ct  haredibus  me'is  ilkim  luc6m  dcdit.  Conci  nTiimilitcr  eis  in  litieram  elcnn -' 
bnani  unam  hydamtcrra;  dt  d'nio  meo  in  B  unna  et  diniidiam  virgatam  terra;  quam 
i\adii!phus  de  Mordone   tcndii.    Hiis  tefl',  ?;c.  ^ 

^  V  i^t  D.igdzle,  Alon.  Aiigl.  11.  ^V.  j.c.  lo.  J  F/i.  c.  \i. 

Having 


OF    BARNWELL'    ABBE  YJ     'd  H  V  4I5 

Having  things  fvire  on  his  own  part,   he  alfo  took  care   for 
their  further  fecurity  to  get  ajl  the   necefiary  charters  of  confir- 
mation from  the  pope,  the  king  of  England,:  the  archbilhop  of 
Canterbury,  the  bilhops  of  Lincoln  and  Ely  '. 
King  Henry  the  Firft's  charter. 

HEN RIC US  rex  Anglic  Herveo  epifcopo  de  Ely,  et  Gilberto  vicecomiti,  et 
omnibus  baronibus  fuis  Francis  et  Anglis  de  Cantebrigelchyre,  falut'.  Sciatis  me 
dedilTe  et  conceffiffe,  ad  preces  Pagani  Peverel,  canonicis  de  Cantabrige,  locum  quen- 
dam  in  campis  Cantebiige  ja<?ent^m  circa  fontes  de  Bernwell,  pro  creldecim  acris 
terrffi  ad  domum  eorum  Itabiliendas,  et  ccctm  fuam  fundanclam,  habend'  et  tenend* 
in  Jiberam  et  perpetuam  elemollnam  iibere,  quiete,  integre,  in  ricco  et  marifco  a 
piatca  ufque  in  riveriam  de  Cancebrig',  i'ecundum  quod  curia  eorum  in  longum  ex- 
tendityr.  Cor.cefli  eciam  eis  dtcimas  de  dominio  meo  de  Canlebrigia,  er  fcclefiam 
Sandti  F.gidii,  et  ecclefiam  de  Cumbertone  in  perpetuam  elemofinam.  Tette  Rogo 
epifcopo  Saruin,  Wilto  epo  Exon^  Johe  cpo  Badue,  Turflano  capellano,  Hamonc 
dapiferOj  apud  Merlebrigam  in  Patchy  \ 

Carta  D'ni  Remigii  Lincoln ienfis  cpifcopi. 

Omnibus  Sandts  Matris  ecclefire  filiis  ad  quos  prefens  fcriptum  pervcnerit  R.e- 
migius  Dei  gratia  Lincoln' ep'  eternam  in  Dno  fal'.  Noverit  univerfitas  veftra  nos 
diviiice  pietatis  intuitu,  ad  prcfencaciopes.et  peticionem  domini  Pycoti  vicecomitis, 
dcdiffc  et  conccQlfTe  et  prtlenti  carta  noftra  confirmiifle  canonicis  de  Cant'  ecclef* 
Sti  Egidii  dc  Cant',  ubi  Liliuifu  noliro  domus  eorum  fundata  eft,  et  ecclefia:  deMorden 
cum  cap'  de  Redderia,  eccler  de  Thadelows,  ecclef  de  Brunne,  cum  cap'  caft. 
et  cum  cap'  de  Caldecote,  ecclef  de  Combenone,  ecclef  de  Maddingele,  ecclef 
de  Ramton,  ecclefias  de  Harjelion  et  de  Henxton^;  hab'  et  len'  iri  ^jprios  ulus  libtre 
'quiete,  et  integre,  cum  omnibus  aliispertinehtiis  ad'inopiam  fuam  reJevandum.  Con- 
cefllnius  eciam  eis  etjTclcr.ti  carta  nqftra  confi'rmav'imuSj  ad  prefentacionem  jam  didi 
r^coti,  diijs  partes  deciniarum  de  omnibus.domir.iis  omnmin  .militum,  pertinenciura 
ad  bsioni.ni  dc  Brunna  in  Cantebrigelhire!,  fcik.  de  Que'ija,'  de  Stowe,  de  Warerbeche 
de  LandDeche,  de  Mrduleion,  dc  Impeionv  de  HyItoBe,'de  Gretton«,  de  Hokitone, 
de  Rampton,  de  C-otcnham,  de  Lolichyorih,  de  ',1  runiiiitcne,  dc  Haffelingfclde,  de 
•Harleli-oh,  'de  Evercfdofti?,  ^e  Tctfie, -di^'Caldccote/deKingilohe,  de  Wy°epo],'  de 
.Craudene,  de  H-attclcia,"  de-  Pa'mpifi-vithe,  de  Alde\<'ifKle,  habend'  et  tenend'  in 
ulus  proprios  intrgre  quiete  Uipere  ad  domus  k.x  et  in  ea  Dto  Lrvicntium  perpetuam 
'futtentationem.  ■  Hiis  telf,  &c.  ^ 

Carta  Dom.ini  Hervei  Elienlis  epifcopi  primi. 

Herveus  Dei  "gratia.  Elytnf  epifcopus  omnibus  Sai.fta:  M  tris  ccclefite  filiis  et 
fidelibus  lalutem,tt  Dei  benediciencW,  etTuam-.  Noveririsncs  divinarpitfatis  intuitu, 
ad  prtelentatiotiem  domini  Pag^ni  Pevereij,  dediffe  et  corccffiile  et  prtfcnti  carta 
noUra  confirmafle,  canonicis  regularibus  de  Barnwelle  omnes  ecclefias  quas  piede- 
cellor  noiter  bona^  mcmoriiE  ■*  confirmavit.     Concefiimus  etiam  eis  duas  partes  de- 

'  F.  3.  C.  M-  .  .        /  i-.  3-  C.  14.  ^'  F.  3:  C.  15. 

♦  Poininus  Rcmigius  Lincoln'  epil'copus  eis  tonceflit  et  fua  cana.  . 

3  cimaruini 


14  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTIQUITIES 

cimarum  dc  omnibus  dominiis  jam  diili  Pagani  et  onimum  pertinentium  ad  baro- 
niam  de  Brunne  in  diocefe  noftra,  hab'  et  tenend'  libere,  quiete,  pacifice,  in  liberara, 
puram,  cc  perpetuam  eiemol',  fecundum  quod  continetur  in  carta  predeceflbris 
.nortri  ad  donnus  fuse  et  illic  Deo  fervientium  perpetuam  fuftcntaiionem.  Con- 
firmanius  tiam  eis  et  corroboramus  omnes  alias  poireiTiones  et  donationes  et  ele- 
inofinas  a  quocunque  fibi  faftas,  relaxanteseis  qui  jam  didlis  canonicis  et  ecclcfise  fua; 
aliquid  bene  feccrint  40  dies  de  injunda  fibi  penitentia  fecundum  quod  carta  venera- 
bilis  dni  nottri  vV.  Cantuar'  teftatur.     Hiis  teft',  &c.  *.  ' 

Carta  Domini  Nigelli  Elyenfis  epifcopi, 
Nigellus  Dei  gratia  Elyenl'  epifcopus  omnibus  Sand^  Matris  ecclefiie  filiis  et 
fidelibus  fjlutem,  et  Dei  benedi6tionem  et  fuam.  Concedimns  et  confirmamus  et 
hac  carta  noftra  cotroboramus  «mnes  elemofinas  •et  donacioiies  et  poffeffiones 
canonicorum  Sandi  Egidii.,  a  quocunque  fibi  datas.  Nichilominus  autem  concedimus 
omnibus  aliquid  bencficii  eis  impertientibus  vel  eos  et  eorum  res  manutenentibus 
ct  confulentiljus  partem  et  fraternitatem  omnium  benefaftorum  et  orationum  con- 
ventus  ecclefice  noltrse  et  noftrarum,  et  quod  majus  eft  ab  omnium  bonorum  retri- 
butore  retribucionem  accipiant  Si  quis  vero  aliquid  poffelTionum  vel  dignitatum 
vel  libertatum  fuarum  minuere  vel  funipere  prcfutnpferit,  divino  fubjaceat  judicio 
donee  penitenciadudtus  quod  verfus  vos  delkjuerit  emendaverit.   Valete  S 

Carta  Theobaldi  Cantuar'  archiep'. 
Theobaldus  Dei  gratia  C.  arch*  totius  Anglic  primas  omnibus  fanda  ecclefise 
filiis  et  fidelibus  faluterru  Noverint  tarn  prclentes  quam  futuri  quod  omnes  pof- 
feffiones quas  famuli  Chrifti  canonici  regulates  Sandi  Egidii  de  Bernwelle  jufie  et 
canonice  pofTident,  vel  quas  io  futuris  temporibus  canonice  adipifci  potcrunt  tam  in 
ccclefiis  quam  in  aliis  facultatibus  decimarum  five  aliarum  rerum  feu  donacione 
regum,  feu  largicione  principum,  feu  aliorumcunquc  oblacione  fidelium,  confirma- 
mus eis,  et  aufloritate  et  teftimonio  litterarum  noftrarum  ea  corroboramus  juxta 
quod  in  privilegio  Domini  pape  Lucii  ct  in  carta  venerabilis  fratris  noftriN.  Elyenf '. 
cpifcopi  continetur.  Precipimus  ergo  quod  libere  et  quiete  et  in  pace  eas  tencant  ficut 
melias  et  liberius  tempore  regis  Henrici  tenuerunr.  Ne  cuiquam  liceat  eos  vel  fua 
temere  perturbare  aut  aiiquam  in  vexacionem  infcrre  '. 

Earl  Picot  founded  his  little  canonry  at  St.  Giles's  church 
in  Cambridge,  as  aforefaid,  in  the  year  1092  ;  but  Pain  Peverel, 
fo  often  mentioned,  tranflated  them  from  thence  to  Barnwell, 
anno  1 112,  after  they  had  continued  at  Cambridge  20  years. 
Upon  this  occafion,  there  was  a  vaft  concourfe  both  of  clergy 
and  laity,  and  of  the  burghers  of  Cambrige.  Their  new  ha- 
bitation was  much  more  commodious  than  their  old  one  %  and  a 
church  of  wonderful  beauty  and  folidity  was  begun  in  honour 
of  St.  Giles. 

'f,  4.  C.  i6.  »F.4.  C.17.  »F.  4.  C.  18.  ■»?,  4.  C.  ly. 

But 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  15 

But  before  he  had  compleated  his  number  of  30  canons,  as 
he  propofed,  or  provided  a  fufficient  maintenance  for  them,  he 
died  of  a  fever  in  London,  in  the  tenth  year  after  the  tranflation 
of  the  canons  to  BarnweU.  He  was  brought  down  to  Barnwell, 
and  buried  on  the  north  fide  of  the  great  altar  in  an  honourable 
manner  '. 

Prior  Gerard  having  obtained  the  confent  of  Hervy  bifliop  of 
Ely,  converted  fix  churches,  which  were  vacant  in  his  time,  and 
which  he  might  have  taken  away,  if  he  would,  and  he  alfo 
gave  them,  one  hyde  of  land  in  Brunne  out  of  his  own  eftate.  At 
the  fame  time,  Pain  Peverel  provided  his  church  of  Barnwell  with 
many  ecclefiaftical  garments,  and  inriched  it  with  very  rich  orna- 
ments and  real  reliques,  which  he  had  colle6led  in  his  expedition 
to>  Antioch  with  Robert  Curthofe,  and  which  had  been  pre- 
sented to  him  by  the  patriarch,  king,  and  nobles  of  that  place. 
He  would  have  given  them  alfo  other  neceffary  furniture,  and 
finillied  the  reft  of  the  apartments  in  a  very  elegant  manner,  if 
God  had  fpared  his  life  \ 

His  Ion  William,  who  fxicceeded  him,  confirmed  to  the 
eanons^  aforefaid  all  the  donations  which  they  had  received  from 
his  father,  and  moreover  he  gave  them  half  a  hyde  of  land  of 
his  own  eftate  in  Brunne  by  charter.  Afterwards  going  to,  and 
dying  at  Jenifalem,  he  left  no  heir.  His  four  filters,  daughters  of 
Pain  Peverel.  divided  the  whole  barony  between  them  '.  The 
eldeft  of  thofe  firters,  Matilda  de  Doure,  died  alfo  with- 
out an  heir,  and  then  the  inheritance  came  to  the  three  fui- 
viving  fifterp.  One  of  thefe,  whole  name  was  Alicia,  was 
wife  of  Ha?40N  Peche  the  elder,  and  had  by  him  both  foas 
and  daughters.  Hamon  Peche's  eldeft  fon  was  named  Gilbert 
Peche  the  firft.    The  fecond  Galfrid  Peche.   This  Galfrid  Pcche 

•  F.  5.  c.  20.  ^  F.  5.  C.  2x. 

^  See  the  pedigree, 

gave 


l6  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTIQUITIES 

gave  to  the  canons  the  church  of  Harlftone  to  find  them  habits. 
Hamon,  the  fon  of  Gilbert  Peche  aforefaid,  took  to  wife  a 
foreigner,  whofe  name  was  Eve,  v/ho  brought  him  five  fons 
and  daughters.  His  eldeft  fon  Gilbert.  Peche  was  the  laft  patron 
of  Barnwell  Priory  of  that  family.. 

Pain  Peverell's  fecond  daughter's  name  was  Roysia.  She  was 
the  mother  of  Albreda  Harecourr,  from  whom  fprang  Galfridus, 
Roger,  Robert,  William,  and  Richard  Truflebut.  But  thefe  all 
dying  without  iflae,  there  remained  only  three  fifters,  Royfia, 
Hillaria,  and  Agatha.  The  fon  of  Pvoyfia  was  Robert  de  Ros 
fenior,  and  the  fon  of  Robert  was  William,  and  thole  three, 
William,  Hillaria,  and  Agatha,  were  joint  heirs. 

But  the  third  lifter  was  named  Ascelina  de  IVatervik,  and  flie 
had  two  daughters,  Afcelina  de  Watervile,  and  Matilda  de 
Dive.  Of  Afcelina  fprang  Roger  de  Torpel,  and  of  Matilda  was 
born  Hugh  de  Dive  '.  ^rr 

Gilbert  the  fon  of  Hamon  Peche  caufed  his  great  grandfather 
Hamon  Peche,  and  Alice  his  wife,  to  be  taken  up,  and  buried 
in  one  marble  tomb,  on  the  north  fide  of  the  great  altar,  at 
the  head  of  the  celebrated  Pain  Peverel.  The  father  of  this 
Gilbert  was  Hamon,  and  his  mother  was  Eve,  a  foreigner,  as 
aforefaid,  and  they  had  fix  fons ;  Gilbert,  Hamon,  Hugh, 
Robert,  Thomas,  and  William.  Five  of  them  were  great  and 
powerful  knights  {milites).  But  the  fixth  a  clerk,  who  had 
many  churches,  and  a  plentiful  income.  Their  father  died  in 
the  Holy  Land,  and  they  brought  his  body  to  Barnwell,  and  buried 
him  in  the  chapel  of  the  bleffed  Virgin  Mary.  His  wife  was 
buried  on  his  right  hand,  and  his  youngeft  fon  William,  a 
beautiful  young  man,  but  a  moft  valiant  foldier,  died  a  batchelor, 
and  was  buried  on  the  left  hand  of  his  father. 

'  F.5.  C.  23.  •  F.  3.  C.  24. 

In 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  17 

In  the  time  of  prior  Jolan,  Sir  Gilbert  Peche  drew  up  a  form 
of  proceeding  in  time  of  a  vacancy  of  the  church  of  Uarnwell, 
to  this  efffd; ;   It  was  agreed,   by  the  mutual    confent  of  him- 
felf  and  the  canons  of  Barnwell,  that  whenfoever  it  fliould  hap- 
pen that  the  I^iid  monaftery  fliould  be  vacant,   that  one  or  two 
canons  Ihould  be  appointed  to  go  to  him,   if  he  was  within  the 
kingdom  of  England,   or   to  his  fteward  if  he    was    out  of  it, 
and  to  declare   the  vacancy    of  the  faid  monailery,   and   lliould 
fay  thus : — "  Sir,  we  come  to  you   as  our  patron,   and   declare 
"  the  vacancy  of  our  houfe  to  you,    and  by  your  good  leave  we 
"  will  proceed  to  our  election."     And  when  they  had  thus  aflced 
leave,   they  might  freely  proceed  to  election,   whether  they  had 
leave  or  no;  provided  that,  after  the  ele6lion,  they  prefcnted  the 
perfon  elefted  to  him,  and  his  heirs,  as  patron,   and  required   his 
confent.      And    in  order  to  prevent  any  wafte  or  defbrudion  of 
what  belonged  to  the  monaftery  during  the  time  of  vacancy,  he 
bound  himfelf  and  his  fucceflbrs  to  keep  but  one  fervant  and  one 
horfe,   with  a  boy,  who  fliould  only  keep   pofteffion   as  an  ac- 
knowledgement  of  his  right  of  patronage,   but  do  no  damage, 
either  by  taking  away,   felling,   giving  away,  or  changing  any 
of  the  goods  belonging  to  the  monaftery.      That  this  fervant 
fliall  only  be  admitted,  together  with  the  officers  of  the  houfe, 
to  keep  things  fafe  till  they  were   provided  with  another  prior. 
And  he  eftabliflied  this  as  a  ftanding  form,   and  gave  this  liberty 
(as  he  expreffes  i*:),  becaufe  he  was  not  willing  that  any  of  his 
heirs  or  fucceiTors  fliould  do  any  prejudice  to  the  monaftery.  The 
agreement  and  conceffion  was  interchangeably  figned  and  fealed 
at  Barnwell,   anno  1256,  the   firft  Sunday  in  Advent'.     The 
witnefles    were    Reginald  de   Gefringhale,    chancellor  of   Cam- 
bridge, Stephen  de  Wotton,   Robert  de  Rothing,   8cc.  This  was 
afterwards  confirmed  by  the  king  at  Weftminfter,   May  la  *. 

'  F.  16.  C.  26.  '  Dugd.  Mon.  Ang.  IL  32,  33. 

D  This 


i8  THE     HISTORY     AND     ANTIQUITIES 

This  Sir  Gilbert  Peche  had   two  wives  ;   the  firft  was  Matilda 
de  Hurtings,   a    lady  vei-y  eminent,  elpecially    for  her  excellent 
accoi-n})liihments  of  mind;  flie  left  fons  and  daughters,  and  died 
at  London,  and  her  body  was  buried  in  the  church  of  the  canons 
of    St.  Mary   Overey   (idtra   aquamj^    becaufe  it   could   not   be 
fafely  and  honourably  brought  down  to  Barnwell  (as  flie  dcfired), 
by  reafon   of  the  diifurbance  that  was  then   in  England.      Bur, 
however,   her  heart  was  brought  down,   in  plumbeo  locello,   and 
buried  before  the  high  altar  near  her  children  ;   at  which  time, 
Sir- Gilbert  gave  to  the  church  of  Barnwell,   for  the  good  of  the 
foul  of  his  departed  wife,  lod.  of  yearly  rent  in  Chavele.      After 
this,  he  married  Johanna,   the  daughter  of  Sir  Symon  de  Grey. 
He  loved  and  honoured  this  lady  exceedingly,  becaufe  flie  was 
not  only  extraordinary  beautiful,  but  alfo  very  good.      By   her 
he    had  both    fons  and  daughters,   and  he  loved  her  children, 
for  their  mother's  fake,   better  than  he  did  thofe  of  his  firft  wife, 
as  plainly  appeared  by  his  behaviour    towards  them.      For  he 
made  a  good  fettlement  upon  his  fecond  wife  and  her  children, 
to  them  and  their  heirs  for  ever  ;   but  he  left  John  and  Edward, 
his  Ions  by  his   firft  wife,   in  a   manner  without  maintenance;^ 
for  what  reafon  was  never  known  ;   and  he  made  king  Edward, 
Ion  ot  Henry  and  Eleanor  his  queen,   heirs  of  the  remainder  of 
liis  barony  '. 

Amongft  other  things,  he  gave  to  tliis  houfe  the  perpetual  ad- 
vowlon  of  the  church  of  St.  George  in  Barnwell.  This  was 
done  anno  Domini  1284,  anno  regni  Edward  I.  12.  Upon 
this,  the  prior  was  called  to  Weftminfter  by  a  royal  writ,  to 
declare  before  the  juftices  of  the  King's  Bench  by  what  fervices 
lie  held  the  priory  of  Barnwell  from  the  aforefaid  Sir  Gilbert 
Peche  '.  Mafter  Symon  de  Afchele  was  then  in  the  1  Cth  year  of 
his  priorfhip.     He  went  before  the  king's  juftices  (of  whom  there 

'  F.  16.  C.  27.  ^  F.  6.  C.  28. 

were 


O  F    BARNWELL    ABBE  Y.  19 

were  feveral  at  Cambridge  at  that  time)  ;  and  being  afked  by  what 
lervice  he  held  the  priory  of  Barnwell  of  Sir  Gilbert  Feche,  he 
anfwered  truely,  that  he  held  it  in  liberam^  puram,  et  perpetimm 
elemofinamy  and  that  he  was  not  bound  to  him  at  all  upon  that 
account,  but  only  to  pray  for  him  ;  excepting  that,  in  the  vacancy 
of  the  church,  they  were  to  let  him  know,  as  true  patron,  and 
defire  his  leave  for  ele6lion,  according  to  the  agreement  above. 
Upon  which  they  appointed  the  ocStaves  of  Trinity  for  him  to 
fliew  the  inftrument  of  agreement  to  the  jufl:ices  of  the  King's 
Bench  at  Weflminfter.  But  he,  willing  to  fave  the  trouble  and 
expence,  alledged  his  own  imbecillity,  and  did  fealty  to  the  king 
and  queen  there,  for  holding  the  priory  of  Barnwell  of  them  for 
the  future,  according  to  the  form  of  the  inrtrument  of  agree- 
ment before-mentioned.  He  alfo  there  appointed  one  of  his 
canons  as  his  attorney  to  fliew  the  faid  inftrument  at  the  time 
and  place  appointed;  and  alfo  to  make  acknowledgement  as  afore- 
faid.  Accordingly  the  canon  appeared  as  the  prior's  attorney,  and 
made  the  acknowledgement,  and  had  it  inrolled.  The  juftices 
prefent  on  the  King's  Bench  were  John  de  Kyrkebi,  at  that  time 
treafurer  to  the  king;  John  de  Berewyck,  the  queen's  clerk  '.  The 
inrollment  of  this  acknowledgement,  8cc.  may  be  found  among 
the  proceedings  de  ^indena  'Trinitatis  apud  Wejbn"^  in  banco  anno 
rezn'  rens  Edw'  Fitz  Hen'  i  i?7io.  '^ 

After  this,  prior  Symon  conlidering  they  were  now  in  other 
hands,  where  they  fliouid  not  be  fo  much  at  liberty  to  fpeak 
for  themfelves  as  when  they  had  a  private  patron,  and  fearing 
left  the  king's  efcheators  fliould  come  at  the  time  of  a  vacancy, 
and  do  damage  to  their  church,  he  wifely  and  prudently  applied 
himfelf  to  Sir  Robert  Burnel,  who  was  then  chancellor  to  the 
king,   made  Inm  his  friend,   and  by  his  means   obtained   letters 

'   F.  17.  C.  29.  "  F.  17.  30. 

D   1  patents 


20  THE    HISTORY    AND     ANTIQUITIES 

patents  under  the  broad  feal  from  the  king,  to  confirm  the  pri- 
vilege which  Sir  Gilbert  Peche  had  given  them  in  his  inftru- 
ment  of  agreement  fo  often  mentioned.  Thefe  letters  patents 
bear  telle  at  Wclfminller,  May  12,  in  the  13th  year  of  the  reign 
of  Edward  1.  ' 

As  foon  as  the  king  was  poffeiTed  of  this  advowfon,  thcfe 
whofe  bufinefs  it  w'as  began  to  enquire  into  the  value  of  it,  as 
appears  by  a  writ  to  this  purpofe. 

W.  Karleton  diledlo  amico  fuo  vie'  Cant' &  Huntedon,  falut'.  Fx  parte  domini 
regis  vobis  mando,  quod  venire  fccias  coram  n^e,  hoc  inltanti  die  Veneris,  in  ieptimana 
I'alch',  apudCant',  xii  militcs  gladio  cinctos,  cum  aliis  pioblt,  &  legalibus  hcminibus 
ad  vilam  de  Bcrnewelle,  ad  taxand'  quid  et  quantum  advocatio  ecclefie  de  Ecrnewelle 
valeai  per  ann'.  Et  habeatis  ibi  breve  domini  regis,  una  cum  nominibus  extentorum, 
et  iioc  breve.    Valete. 

Upon  which  day,  the  king's  charter,  by  which  he  confirmed 
Sir  Gilbert  Peche's  charter  concerning  the  advowfon  and  the  time 
of  a  vacancy,  was  pubhckly  read  before  all  that  were  prefent. 
Upon  which  they  proceeded  no  further,  only  they  tranfcribed 
that  charter,   and  carried  it  with  them  to  court  '. 

There  was  a  very  great  contefl  for  the  kingdom  between  Henry 
the  Firrt  and  his  brother  Robert  Curthofe  ;  for  many  v/ould 
have  expelled  Henry,  and  let  up  Robert  ^ 

I  conjecSture,  tliat  it  might  be  upon  this  occafion,  that  Robert 
the  fon  of  earl  Picot  was  concerned  in  the  treafon  for  wliich 
he  forfeited  his  barony.  I  am  tlie  more  perluaded  of  this,  be- 
caufe  immediately  after,  on  account  of  the  conteff,  and  the  peace 
concluded,  this  book  adds,  Rex  contulit  e^regio  rriiliti  P.  Veverelo 
baroniani  qncnn  Pycotus  'vicecomcs  temtit  ■*. 

King  Jolm  gave  to  the  convent  of  Barnwell  1  ol.  of  fllver  in 
frank  almoigne  {elejnop);  and  in  the  firft  year  of  his  reign  he  alio 
gave  them  the  manor  of  Cheltertone,in  fee  farm  (adfeod''Jirmam)y 

'  F.  17.  32.  '  F.  17.  32. 

and 


F. 

17- 

C. 

3' 

• 

i-. 

lb. 

c. 

J. 

>• 

OFBARNWELLABBEY.  n 

and  30].  fterling  of  filver  (blanch)  per  ann.  upon  condition  that 
he  might  be  dilcharged  from  the  payment  of  the  lol.  aforefaid  '. 

His  fon  king  Henry  II.  confirmed  the  grant  which  his  father 
had  given  them  of  Cheilerton  \  Edward,  the  king's  eldeft  fon, 
befieged  the  ifle  of  Ely  and  the  troops  therein.  They  agreed  to 
give  him  admiffion  on  promife  of  faving  their  Uves,  limbs,  and 
property,   and  fo  peace  was  reftored  ^ 

In  the  27  th  year  of  king  Edward  the  Firft,  the  prior  of  Barn- 
well was  fummoned  before  the  king's  juftices  itinerant  at  Cam- 
bridge, to  anfwer  to  a  quo  war'ranto  how  he  came  to  have  the 
view  of  frank  pledge  and  allize  in  Chefterton,  and  an  annual 
fair  in  Barnwell.  As  to  the  firft  of  thefe,  he  produced  the 
charter  of  king  John,  the  prefent  king's  grandfather,  which 
teltified  that  Chelterton  was  of  the  ancient  demefnes  of  the 
king,  and  given  them  by  king  John,  with  all  its  appurtenances, 
liberties,  and  immunities  in  fee  farm,  for  30I.  blanch,  per  ann'", 
and  as  to  the  fair  of  Barnw^ell,  he  alledged  that  king  Henry 
had  by  charter  granted  them  this  fair  for  four  days,  &:c.  Upon 
which  the  prior  was  dilmiffed,  faho  jure  regis  %   8cc. 

In  Domefday-book,  Cheftertone  is  thus  inrolled: 

Cestretose  dnica  iiilla  regis. ^  xxx.liid  fe  defd.Tra 
c  .  XVI  .car .  In  diiio  fu-T  .111.7  ix  .  adhuc  pols  fieri .  Ibi .  11. 

V      _  "j  ^  .    '7  'I 

uiffi  7  XVI .  bord  7  vi  .cot  cu  .  iiii  .car  .  Pbr  ht  .1  .uirg  tree 

Ptu  .  viii .  car  .  De  marefch  •  milk  anguitt .  Redd  xv  ,  lib 

arfas  7  penlatas  .  7  xiii .  lib  7  viii .  lot  7  nil  .  den  dc  alb  nnmis.. 

^  melle  fruinto  7  brafio.  7  alijs  cfuerudinib  T.R.E  .  redd 

XV. lib  ad  numer.  7  ctra  hoc  cfuetudine  qtu  oporteb.it. 

'  In  the  Life  of  king  John,  F.  20.  C.  39. 

"  Vit£  fl.  H.  F.  20.  C.  40. 

^  Vita  H.  11.  F.  20.  C.  40. 

*  Rot.  30.  An.  Ociub.  Hillar.  anno  regni  R.  E.  fitz  H.  27.  Additions  fol.  21. 

Sayerus 


21  THE     HISTORY     AND    ANTIQUITIES 

'•'  Sayerus  de  Quinci  comes  Winton'  dedic  ecctse  de  Bernewell  x  libras  tcrrse  et  prati, 
et  4  lokomannos,  ec  novem  di  virgatas  <xvrx  quas  confuetudinarii  ejus  tcnuerunr, 
cum  tota  fequela,  ec  confuerudinibus,  £cc.  Kt  prarCcrca  v  cotar'  cum  fequela,  et  oviie 
Ijberum  per  bonam  chartam,  et  bonam  warr'.  Quaj)pter  fi  rex  auferet  inanerium 
de  Cedertone  idem  comes  et  heredes  ejus  tenerentur  ad  warantiam.  Refpice  carcam 
que  b^naell;  etconnrmationem  et  war' Rogeri  deQuincii,  fil' ejus,  comitis  Wynton', 
ct  contiabularii  Scoci^e  '. 

King  John's  Charter. 

Johannes,  Dei  gratia,  rex  Anglite,  dns  Hybernice,  dux  Normannije  et  Aquitan',  et 
comes  And,  archicpis,  epis,  abbibus,  comitibus,  baronibus,  julticiariis^  viceconit',  et 
omnibus  bailtis  et  fidelibus  fuis,  falutem.  Sciatis  nos  coi.ccfliire,  ct  prefenti  carta 
noftra  confirmafTe,  priori  et  canonicis  de  Bernewell,  quod  tcneanc  de  nobis  et  hercdibus 
noftris  in  perpetuum  villam  de  Cefletone,  cum  pertiacntiis  luis,  ad  teod'  hrmam  pro 
trijinta  libr'  Iterlingorum  bl  mcorum  annuatim  reddend' ;!d  Icacc'  ad  duos  anni  ter- 
minos,  fcilicet  ad  felUim  StiMichaelis  quindecim  libr',  et  ad  Pafcha  quindecim  libr'j 
ita  quod  nos  quieti  fumus  de  x  libris  argenti  de  elemofina  noftra  quamvis  annuatim 
lolvere  debemus.  Quare  volumus  et  firmiter  precipimus  quod  predifli  prior  et  ca- 
nonic! habeant  et  teneant  predi(flam  villam  de  Ccilertone  bene  et  in  pace,  libere, 
et  quiete,  integre,  plenarie,  et  honorifice,  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  liberis  con- 
fuetudinibus  fuis,  ficut  predictum  efl:.  TelV,  &c.  Dat'  per  manus  S.  Archidiacorr' 
Wall'  et  J.  de  Gray  Archidiacon'  Glovvceft',  apud  Porceftr',  27°  die  Aprilis,  regni 
noftri  anno  prime  ". 

They  had  alfo  two  charters  of  confirmation  from  king  Henry 
the  fon  of  king  John,  and  alfo  one  from  king  Edward  I.  his 
fon,  which  was  to  the  fame  effecft  with  thofe  of  his  father,  and 
was  as  follows  : 

The  charter  of  confirmation  of  the  fee  farm  of  Cheftertone 

from  king  Edward  I. 

Edwardus,  Del  gratia,  &c.  Inipeximus  cartam  conceffionis  et  confirmaiionis  quam 
dns  H.  quondam  rex  Anglic  pacer  nofter  fecit  priori  et  canonicis  de  B.  in  hsec 
verba  :  "  Henricus,  Dei  gratia,  rex  Angl',  diis  Hybernije,  dux  Normannis  et  Acqui- 
taniiB,  et  comes  Andeg',  arcliiepis,  epis,  abbatibus,  comitibus,  baronibus,  jufti- 
ciariis,  vicecomit',  et  omnibus  ballivis  et  fidelibus  fuis,  lalucem.  Sciatis  nos  con- 
ceffifle,  et  prclenti  carta  noftra  confirmalTe,  priori  et  canonicis  de  B.  quod  villam  de 
Ceftertone  cum  pertincnciis  fuis,  quam  dns  J.  rex  pater  nofler  eis  concefl'erat  et  carta 
fua  confirmavit  de  feodi  firma  pro  xxx  libr'  fterlingorum  blancorum  annuaim 
reddend  ad  I'cacc'  noftrum,  habeant  et  teneant  de  cetero  de  nobis  et  heredibus 
noftris  ad  fcodi  firmam  pro  triginta  una  libris  numero  hujus  modo  reddend'  ad 
fcacc'  noftrum  ad  duos  terminos,  fcilicet  ad   Pafcha  quindecim  libras,  ct  x  s.  ad 

*  r.  26,  Lib.  II.  c.   2.  »  Lib.  II.  F.  26.  cap.  3. 

feftam 


OFBARN  WELL     ABBEY.  23 

fefium  Sii  Mich'  xvl.  xs.  Ita  quod  nos  et  heredes  noflri  per  banc  conceffionem 
noftram  eis  faftam  quieti  erimus  in  perpetuuni  de  x  11.  argenti  quas  prsfatus  pater 
nofter  ct  rex  ).  ante  conceffionem  et  confirmationem  fuam  eis  faftam  de  predidto 
manerio  de  Ceftertone,  ficut  prediftiim  elt,  eis  concefferat  annuatim  de  elemofina  lua 
percipiend'.  Conceliimus  ctiam,  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  noftris,qiiod  manerium  predidl' 
de  Ccltertone  in  perprtuum  lit  quietum  de  vifu  franki  plegii.  Quare  volumus  et 
firmiter  precipimus,  quod  predift'  prior  et  canonici  habeant  ec  teneant  predidl' 
villam  de  Cellertone  bene  et  in  pace,  libere,  et  quiete,  infegre,  plenarie,  ct  hono- 
rifice  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  liberis  confuetudinibus  quietam  in  perpetuum  de 
vifu  franki  plegii,  ficut  prediftum  eft.  Hiis  teftibus,  See.  Dai' per  manum  venerabilis 
patris  Ricard'  Ciceftr'  epi  et  cancellar'noftri,  131110  die  Mail,  anno  regni  noflri  i3mo." 
Nos  autem  conccflioncm  et  confirmationem  predict'  ratam  habentes  et  gratas  eas 
pro  nobis  et  heredibus  noflris  predidis  priori  tt  canonicis  et  fuccelforibus  fuis  con- 
ccdimus  ec  confirmamus,  ficut  carta  predidl'  rationabiiicer,  teflatur.  Hiis  teftibus, 
&c>  Dat.  per  mjnum  nollram  apud  Weflm',  i2mo  die  Junii,  anno  regni  noftri 
ijmo.  ' 

The  Charter  of  Edward  II. 

Edwardus,  Dei  gratia,  rex  Angl',  dns  Hybcrn',  et  dux  Aquitan',  archpis,  epis, 
abbatibus,  pnoiibus,  comitibus,  baronibus,  juilic'  vicec',  prcpofitis,  miniftris,  et 
omnibus  ballivis  et  fidelibus  liiis,  falutem.  Infpeximus  cartam  ccnfirmacionis 
quam  Celebris  memoris  dns  Edw'  quondam  rex  Angl'  pater  nofter  fecit  priori  et  ca- 
nonicis de  Bernwelle,  in  hszc  verba;  "  Edwardus,  Dei  gratia,  rexAnglia?,  dnsHybern', 
et  dux  Aquit',  archpis,  epis,  abbatibus,  prioribus,  comitibus,  baronibus,  juftici 
ariis,  vicec',  prepofitis,  miniftris,  et  omnibus  baltis  et  fid'bus  fuis,  falutem.  Infpeximus 
cartam  conceffionis  ec  ccnfirmacionis,  Sec.  ut  fupra,  &c."  Nos  autem  conceffionem 
et  confirmationem  prediftas  ratas  habentes  et  gratas  eas  pro  nobis  et  heredibus 
noflris,  quantum  in  nobis  ett,  predidis  priori  et  canonicis  et  fuccefToribus  fuis,  con- 
cedimus,  et  confirmamus,  ficut  carta  prcdida  rationabiiicer  teflatur.  Hiis  teftibus, 
&c.    Dat'  per  manum  noflram,  apud  Weflm',  3tio  die  Dec',  anno  regni  noflri  2do. 

The  Charter  of  King  Edward  II.  whereby  the  Prior  and 
Convent  of  Bern  well  are  freed  from  tallages  for  all  their 
ettate  in  Cambridge. 

Edwardus,  Dei  gr-tia  rex  Angl',  diis  Hybern',  dux  Aquit',  thefauro  et  baronibus 
fuis  de  fcaccario  falutem.  Ex  parte  diiedti  nobis  in  Chrillo  prioris  de  Bernwell 
nobis  eft  oileni',  quod  cum  ipfe  omnes  terras,  tenemenca,  et  reddit'fua,  cum  perti- 
nenciis,  in  villa  Cantab',  ir,  com'  Cantab',  teneat  de  nobis  in  puram  et  perpetuam 
cleniofinam  et  ipfe  ec  predeccffores  fui  priorcs  loci  ilfius  terras  et  tenemenca  et  red- 
dicus  predidta  ab  anno  diii  jolis  quondam  regis  Angl'  proavi  noflri  quiuquageffimo 
quarto;  quo  anno  quoddam  talliagiun:!  fuper  terras,  tenementa,  et  redditus prioris 
tjufdem  loci  p  affeflores  tallagii  didi  proavi  noflri  in  eodem  comic'  afleifum  allo- 

'  L.  II.  F.  26.  C.  5. 

satum 


«4  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTl  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

catum  fult  priori  ejufdem  loci  p  breve  ejufdem  proavi  noflii,  in  quo  continentur 
quod  idem  prior  et  predcceiTorcs  fui  ex  tunc  efient  quieti  de  tallagio,  et  quieti  efib 
deberunt,  per  confiderationem  curire  ejufdem  proavi  nollri  de  tail.igio  quieta  tenu- 
erint.  Vos  iiichilominus  ipkim  priorem,  pro  co  quod  aftflbres  tallagii  in  civitatibus, 
burgis  ec  diiiis  noflris  in  comit'  prcdido  de  annis  regni  dni  Edwardi  quondam  regis 
Anglia;  avi  noftri  32do,  et  diii  Edwardi  nuper  regis  Anglic  piatris  noftri  6to,  tal- 
lagium  fup  ipfum  prior'  in  ead'  villa  proinde  afildcrunt  pro  prediiSto  tallagio  nobis 
prjeftando  p  vie'  noftrum  comit'  predidi  diftringi  facitis,  in  iplius  prioris  difpendium 
non  modicum  et  gravamen  ;  ct  quia  eid'  priori  injiiriari  nolimus  in  hac  parte,  vobis 
mandamus,  quod,  fcrutatis  rosulis  ct  memorandis  fcaccarii  prcdidti,  fi  p  int'pudtion' 
eorundem  vobis  conftiterit  prediftum  tallag'  difto  anno  54°°  luper  priorem  loci 
predifti  aneflum  rite  allocatum  fuifTe,  et  p  inquilltionem  per  vos  capiend'  vel  alio  mode 
Jegitimo  vobis  conftare  poterit  iplum  priorem  leu  predecefTores  luos  priores  loci  pre- 
difti  nullas  terras,  tenementa,  feu  rcdditus,  a  predidro  anno  54  perciuifTifie,  nee  diCtis 
anno  32  et  36  habuiffe  alia  quam  eodem  anno  54  habuerunt,  ct  alia  caula  non 
fuerit  quare  idem  prior  de  hujufmodi  tallagio  onerari  debet,  tunc  prefatum  priorem 
de  tallagio  predifto  de  tempore  predidtorum  avi  et  patris  nodrorum,  prout  jullum 
fuit,  exonerari  et  quietum  efle  facimus.  Tefte  me  iplo,  apud  Haveringe  atie  bouie, 
i_5  die  Odlob',  anno  regni  noftri  ymo. 

The  chancellor  of  Cambridge  claimed  a  jurifdiflion  over  the 
prior  de  Bernwell  and  his  canons,  and  caufed  one  of  the  canons 
to  be  cited  %  peremptorily  to  anfwer  to  a  certain  fcholar  ;  but  the 
canon  refufed  to  appear,  and  therefore  he  fufpendcd  him  ab  in- 
grejfu  eccPa,  for  contempt,and  caufed  him  the  next  day  to  be  ex- 
communicated by  his  commiffary ;  and  then  decreed  that  the 
prior  fliould  be  cited  :  but  the  prior  not  appearing  upon  the  ci- 
tation, was  alfo  excommunicated ;  which  when  prior  Symon 
heard,  he  wondered  at  their  folly  ;  but,  however,  fent  his  clerk, 
mafter  II.  de  Mebree,  and  appealed  to  the  confill:orial  court  of 
the  archdeacon's  office  in  St.  Mary's  church  ;  and  he  delivered  in 
his  appeal  in  writing,  and  fpeedily  the  prior  obtained  an  in» 
hibition  from  the  official  of  the  biffiop  of  Ely,  who  appointed 
the  parties  a  day  to  appear  before  him  in  All  Saints  church,  juxta 
hofpif  Cant\  on  which  day  they  came  ;  and  after  much  alter- 
cation, the  official  abfolved  the  prior  and  his  canon,  they  giving 

'  1294. 

fecurity 


OF     BARNWELL     ABBEY. 


«5 


ifecurity   till  the  coming  of  the  bifliop,  and  faid  to   the  chan- 
cellor and  fcholars,   &c, 

Mr.  Chancellor,  All  the  jurifdidtion  which  you  have,  you  have  by  favour  of  my 
bilhop,  who  gave  you  the  juril'diftion  over  the  clergy  ;  but  the  archdeacon  has 
jurifdiftion  over  the  reiftors  and  vicars,  Jkc.  Unutn  tantum  Jibimet  refervavit^  /"^'> 
viroi.     Non  igitur  aufcratis  d'no  mco  quad  fuum  efl  ft  placet  '. 

Robert  de  Hard  wye  held  an  eftate  of  the  king  by  ferjeantry, 
by  which  he  was  obliged  to  carry  the  king  a  hot  loaf  \unum  Jynii- 
nellum  caliduin]  every  day  for  his  dinner  ;  and  for  this  fervice  he 
ought  to  have  a  quarter  of  wheat  every  week,  with  all  the  bran 
out  of  the  king's  demefnes  for  making  the  king's  bread.  But  this 
ferjeantry  being  alienated  by  parcels,  the  prior  and  convent  of 
Barnwell  came  to  be  poffeif  of  121  acres,  which  are  valued 
at  fixty  fliillings  and  fix  pence  pi3r  ann\  And  the  king  de 
g'ra  Jua  fpeciali  granted  to  them  that  they  may  hold  the 
fame  of  him  and  his  heirs  for  half  a  mark  per  ann.  pro  omni 
Jerv\  and  gave  them,   &c. 

HenriC,  Dei  gratia,  rex  Angl',  &c.  dilcdo  et  fideli  fuo  Rob'  Paffelewe  et  fociis 
iuis  juflic'  ad  fines  lerjanc' aflignatis,  falutem.  Sciatis  quod  concelTimus  priori  de 
Bernwelle,  quod  illas  121  acras  terra:  quas  tenet  de  ferjanc'  de  Cumberton'  de  cetero 
teneat  eafd'  de  nobis  pro  J  m.  folrend'  ad  fccum  nrm  in  ferto  Sanfti  Mich',  et  idcirco 
vobis  mandamus  quod  fic  fieri  et  ipfum  priorem  pcdm  tcrminum  habere  permittatis. 
T.  meiplo  apud  Weftm',  28  Apr',  anno  regni  nollri  j'^. 

1257.  They  bound  their  eftate  at  Wygehale  to  pay  the  10 
marks  a  year  to  the  chaplains  of  the  univerfity  for  ever. 

In  the  civil  wars  between  king  Henry  and  his  barons,  Symon 
de  Montefort,  earl  of  Leicei^er,  endeavoured  to  get  into  the  Ifle 
of  Ely  with  his  army  ;  .therefore  the  king  ordered  the  bilhop  of 
Ely  to  defend  the  lile  againft  him,  and  to  fortify  [parreras  facere] 
feveral  places  of  the  ifle  againlt  them,  and  to  keep  a  continual 
guard  at  the  fortified  places.  But  the  barons,  knowing  that  the 
ifle  was  well  fortified,  and  a  convenient  retreat,  confulted  how 
they  might  get  into  it.      And  that  indeed  they  did  very  cautioufly, 

'  See  Bentham's  Hift.  of  Ely,  p.  152. 

E  and 


i6l  the     history     and    ANTl  QJJ  I  T  1 E  S 

and  by  degrees.  But  having  once  got  footing  there,  they 
began  to  Ihcw  their  power.  They  lent  their  emiflaries  out 
every  day  to  leek  for  phinder,  and  did  a  great  deal  of  mil- 
chief  both  far  and  near  in  all  the  villages  round  about  them. 
They  would  take  the  rich,  and  put  them  in  irons,  and  keep- 
them  prilbners  till  fuch  time  as  they  were  ranfomed.  Sheep 
and  oxen,  corn,  or  malt  ^^braficP^  or  whatever  they  could  fefc 
upon,  they  would  take  away  with  them  into  the  iile.  One  day^ 
a  rafcally  fellow^  one  of  their  gang,  coming  out  of  the  ifle,  with, 
an  intent  to  do  mifchief  according  to  their  cuitom,  was  let  upon,, 
and  taken  by  fome  countrymen,  who  Immediately  ifruck  off 
his  head;  and  upon  this,  a  large  party  of  fokliers  went  out, 
and  let  fire  to  feveral  places.  At  laft,  they  came  to  the  prior's 
manor  at  Brunne,  and  fet  it  on  fire,  and  burnt  the  prior's 
barn,  with  all  the  corn  which  was  there,  and  all  the  men. of  the 
village  fled,  fo  that  there  was  not  one  left  to  afiili  in  extlnguilli- 
ing  the  flames.  They  came  every  day  to  the  priory  of  Barnwell, 
and  would  eat  and  drink,  and  made  lad  delfrvi6fion,  and  did 
juft  what  they  pleafed.  It  hapj^cned  one  day,  that  a  certain 
fellow  of  a  prodigious  ftature,  called  Philip  le  Champion,  came 
and  pulled  the  prior  out  of  bed  as  foon  as  it  was  light,  and  told 
him,  ''  that  he  muft  have  all  his  corn  \bladum\  and  malt  \brafia\, 
"  and  all  his  provifion  \lardarium~^^  for  the  ufe  of  his  mailer; 
*'  therefore,"  fays  he,  '*  give  me  the  keys^"  The  prior  told  him, 
"  that  if  he  took  away  all,  it  would  be  innpoflible  for  them  to  live." 
But  in  the  mean  time  came  in  tw^o  others,  who  were  of  the 
family  of  R.  de  Hewbrqok,  who  was  the  prior's  fiiend  ;  and 
they  told  Philip,  "  that  all  the  goods  of  that  houfe  was  already 
"  feizcd  for  the  ufe  of  their  ninlfer;  and  wilt  thou  carry  them 
*'  away?"  fay  they.  "•  I  will,"  fays  Philip  furioully.  The  others 
fvvore  he  fliould  not.  Upon  which,  they  all  drew  their  fwords» 
but   were   kept    from  fighting   there  by   thoie    that    flood  by. 

They 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  aj 

They  went  away  in  a  great  rage,  to  determine  the  queftion  btfor^ 
their  mafter  in  the  ille.  But,  however,  they  carried  away 
nothing  at  that  time  '. 

The  king,  hearing  that  the  iflanders  did  much  mifchief  round 
about,   came  with  a  great  army  to  the  town  of  Cambridge,  and 
quartered  there.     But  the   king  of   Alemaine,  that  is,  Richard, 
the  king's  brother,   quartered  in  the  priory    of  Barnwell.      The 
king  caufed  gates  to  be  fet  up,  and  trenches  to  be  made  round 
the  town,  with  the   utmoit  expedition.     The  king's  men  went 
out    every    day   towards    the   Ille,    to  try   to  catch  any  of  the 
iflanders.      Several  of  tlie  illanders   went  out  one  day,  trufting 
to  their  own     courage,     and    began    to    do    mifchief,   as    they 
ufed    to   do   in  the   village   of  Horningefeye,     in   contempt    of 
the   king ;   but   the   king's  men    took    four    of  them,   the  reft 
fled   to  their  boats   \_naves'\.     Three  of  them    had  their  heads 
chopt  off.      The    fourth  was   Walter  de  Cotenham,   who    had 
been  made  a  knight  ia  the  ille,   and  him  they  hanged  upon  a 
gibbet.      And  from    that  day  the   inhabitants    of    the    country 
were  more  fecure  as  long  as  the  king  llayed  there.    But  in  a  little 
time   news  came  that  the  earl  of  Gloucefter  had  taken  London  : 
the  king  immediately  hallened  thither  with  his  whole  army,  and 
left  Cambridge  to   fliift  for  itfelf  without  a  garrifon  ;   which  as 
loon    as   the  iflanders  knew,   they  came   with   a  great  party  of 
foldiers  to  Cambridge,   and  burnt  the  gates  which  the  king  had 
fet   up ;   and    they    alfo    plundered   and    burnt    all    the    houfes 
where   the    king   had  been   entertained,    and    did  a  great   deal 
of  other    mifchief.      As    for  the  burghers  of  Cambridge,   they 
all  fled  as  loon  as  they   heard  of  their    coming;    fo   that   there 
was  noV)ody  left  to  oppofe  them.      The  foldiers,  in  their  return 
by  the  priory  of  Barnwell,  debated   among  themfelves  at   the 

'  L.  III.  F.  45.  C.  33. 

E  a  -  wind- 


48  THE    HISTORY     AND    A  N  T  1  QJJ  IT  1  E  S 

windmill,  whether  they  fliould  burn  down  all  the  priory,  bnt 
efpecially  the  hall  [au/am'],  where  the  king  of  Almain  had 
been  quartered.  This  debate  latted  near  two  hours ;  but  Sir 
Hugh  Peche,  and  his  brother  Robert,  oppofcd  it,  and  faid, 
*'  that  they  would  fconer  die  than  fufFer  the  bones  of  their  father 
"  and  anceltors  to  be  burnt;"  and  by  their  means  the  houfe  was 
faved,  contrary  to  the  defire  of  a  great  many  of  their  com- 
pany. But,  as  they  went  by  the  gates  of  the  priory,  fome 
of  the  moft  angry  of  them  heavily,  threatened  the  prior  John, 
faying,  *'  that  it  was  through  him  that  Sir  Walter  de  Cotenham 
*'  was  put  to  death."  This  fo  very  much  terrified  the  prior,  that 
lie  fied  to  the  abbey  of  Waltham,  and  the  canons  that  were, 
left  behind  lived  in  continual   fear  and  danger  '. 

But  this  ftorm  blew  over  in  a  little  time  ;  for  as  loon  as  the 
earl  of  Leicefter  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  EveQiam,  the  king, 
befieged  his  caftle  of  Kenilworth,  and  had  it  delivered  up  to  him 
upon  conditions.  And  at  the  fame  time,  prince  Edward,  the 
king's  eldeft  fon,  came  into  the  llle  of  Ely  with  an  army.  But 
he  managed  matters  fo  prudently,  that  he  had  it  wholly  delivered. 
lip  to  him  upon  certain  conditions  %  He  behaved  himfelf 
indeed  in  a  very  handfome  and  courteous  manner  towards  the 
iflanders,  and  fo  a  peace  was  concluded.  But  though  the  people 
were  by  this  means  freed  from  the  burthen  and  miferies  of  an 
army,  the  ecclefiaftics  were  very  much  oppreffed  by  the  procu- 
rations paid  to  the  legate,  whom  the  pope  fent  to  mediate  a  peace;, 
and  a  tenth  was  given  to  the  king,  and  alfo  to  the  pope,  for 
feveral  years  fucceffively,  and  after  that,  2oths,  30ths,  and  I5ths,. 
by  way  of  procurations  to  other  fuccceding  legates,  and  in  aid 
of  the  Holv  Land.  This  was  the  condition  of  all  ecclefi- 
aftics  throughout  the  nation.     But  as   for  the  priory  of  Barn- 

'  L.  III.  F.  K.  C.  23.  *  See  before,  p.  21. 

3  well, 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  «9 

well,  that  was  more  remarkably  harraffed  by  William  de  St. 
Omer,  who  was  the  king's  jufticiary  to  enquire  concerning 
the  illanders.  He  took  up  his  refidence  in  the  houfes  of  the 
priory  for  a  whole  year,  with  a  great  family,  and  alfo  his 
wife,  who  would  fometimes  have  twenty-two  women.  And 
although  the  prior  had  all  this  great  charge,  and  much  damage 
done  him  by  and  upon  account  of  him  and  his  wife  and  family^ 
yet  he  was  very  ungrateful  to  the  prior,  for  at  the  end  of  his 
commiffion,  he  fined  the  prior  403^  for  fome  mifdemeanor,  and 
would  not  remit  it.  The  prior  afterwards  put  it  upon  a  fair 
trial,   and  was  acquitted  without  being  beholden  to  the  juftice. 

In  the  56th  year  of  Henry  the  Third,  there  was  a  trial  before 
the  judges  itinerant  at  Cambridge,  between  the  prior  of  Barn- 
well and  the  prior  of  .Chikefaund,  concerning  the  power  of 
holding  a  court  at  Rois's  crofs  [apud  crucem  Roys  '],  which  court 
the  earl  of  Glouceiler  demanded  for  the  land  which  he  had  given 
to  the  prior  of  Barnwell  in  Pynecote.  But  this  matter  was  fettled, 
by  the  prior  of  Barnewell  giving  the  prior  of  Chikefaund  five 
marks,  and  there  was  a  writing  made  between  them  to  end  all  dif- 
putes  for  the  future. 

Mention  is  made  of  4s.  yearly  rent  of  a  certain  houfe  in 
Barnwell  parifli  to  be  paid  to  the  nuns  of  St.  Radegund, 
I  Edward  I. 

4  Edward  I.  the  king's  officers  came  to  Cambridge,  to 
take  a  general  and  particular  account  both  of  rich  and  poor, 
and  of  every  perfon,  what  and  how  much  every  one  held, 
and  of  whom,  and  by  what  fervice,  and  how  long  they  had  it, 
with  a  great  many  other  articles.  At  which  time,  the  envious 
and  malicious  took  the  opportunity  to  do  as  much  mifchief  to 
their  neighbours  as  they  could.  At  the  fame  time  alfo,  feveral 
of  the  inhabitants  of  Cambridge  all^dged,  that  they  had  ufed,. 

,  «  Roy Ron, 

and 


JO  THE     HISTORY     AND     ANTI  QJU  I  T  I  E  S 

and  ought  by  right  to  have,  a  drift  for  their  cattle '  between  the 
bakehoufe  of  the  prior  and  canons  and  the  river,  viz.  from 
Greencroft  to  the  pafture  of  Eftenhall,  and  back  again,  and  that  the 
prior  had  fet  up  hedges,  and  made  ditches  to  ftop  the  drift,  only 
by  the  negligence  and  confent  of  Hervey  Cogging,  who  after- 
wards made  himfeif  a  canon  ;  and  that  the  burghers  of  Cam- 
bridge winked  at  it,  out  of  refpe<5t  to  the  faid  Hervey.  Nay, 
what  was  more,  there  was  a  great  wall  built  in  their  way.  But, 
iipon  the  canons  producing  the  charter  of  Pain  Peverel  ',  the 
whole  matter  dropt. 

One  of  the  multitude  however,  faid,  "  I  fancy  you  have  no 
*'  more  regard  for  that  good  man,  who  gave  you  fo  many 
*'  churches  and  fo  much  land,  than  you  have  for  another,  and 
*'  never  think  of  him  hut  upon  fuch  occafions  as  thele."  To 
which  one  of  the  canons  replied,  "  No,  we  can  never  forget  him, 
"  for  he  fits  every  day  at  our  table  next  the  prior,  and  hath  his 
^'  portion  both  out  of  the  cellar  and  kitchen.^'  And  indeed  this  is 
fo  far  true,  that  the  portion  of  Pain  Peverel  is  daily  fet  before  the 
prelident  in  the  refedfory,   and  will  be  fet  there  for  ever  \ 

The  Charter  for  the  Fair  at  Barnwell. 

Heniicus,  Dei  gratis,  rex  Anglic,  Sec.  archiepis,  epis,  abbatibus,  prioribus,  con- 
•ventibus,  baronibus,  jalticiariis,  prspofuis,  miniftris,  et  omnibus  bdUivis  et  fide- 
libus  fuis,  lalutem.  Sciatis  nos,  intuitu  JJei,  pro  falute  animc  no0.re  et  animarum 
anceftorum  ct  lieredum  noftrum,  concefTiflc,  et  hac  carta  iiollra  confirmafTe,  Deoet 
■ecclelLc  beuti  Egidii  de  Barnwell,  et  priori  et  canonicis  ibid' Deo  tervientibus,  quod 
ipfi  et  fuccelTores  eorucn  habeant  in  perperuum  unain  teriam  apud  Barnwell,  fingulis 
antiis  prr  iv  dies  duraturam,  videlicet,  in  vigil'  et  in  die  Sanfte  Ethcldrede  '  virg' 
in  eihaie  et  per  dies  duos  proximos  lequentes,  nili  tcria  ilia  lit  ad  nocutnentum  vici- 
•narum  feriarum.  Quare  volumus  et  firmiter  precipimus  quod  predi(fli  prior  ec 
■can',  et  eorum  foccelibres  habeant  in  perpetuum  feriam  predict',  cum  omnibus  perti- 
jienciis,  ct  libertatibus,  et  liberis  confuetud'  ad  hujuimodi  feriam  pertinentibus,  ficut 

■'  v;de  Charer.  »  L.  III.  F.  49.  c.  y,. 

'  St.  EthJred'*  day  ia  ihe  next  day  betore  JMidUinuner-day. 

predift* 


OF    BARNWELL     ABBEY.  ji 

predift*  eft.  Hiis  teflibus,  J.  Bathon',  Richard'  Dunhoim',  &c.  Dat'  per  rnanum 
venerabilis  patris  R.  CyceRr'  epi,  cancellarii  noQri,  apud  Weflm',  anno  lej^ni 
noftri   tertio  cieciino  '. 

Upon  obtaining  this  charter,  the  burghers  of  Cambridge  were 
uneafy  for  fear  it  fhould  be  to  their  prejudice,  upon  account  of 
fome  privileges  which  the  prior  and  convent  of  Barnwell  claimeci 
as  belonging  to  their  fair.  However,  at  laft,  they  came  to  an 
agreement  in  a  friendly  manner  before  the  itinerant  jultices, 
which  were  then  at  Huntington,  and  had  it  enrolled  in  their 
rolls  in  the  year  lo.zi,.  regm  r.  Heii  Jil'  Johannis  16,  pridie  nonas 
OHobris  feria  quarta..  And  afterwards,  for  their  greater  fecurity, 
had  it  again  enrolled  in  the  KingVbench,  m  crajlino  atiimarum, 
anno  d'ni  regis  17,  apud  London\  The  agreement  was  to  this 
effedl;  that  the  burghers  of  Cambridge  fliould  fuffer  the  prior 
and  convent  to  hold  their  fair  freely,  peaceably,  and  quietly, 
cum  pertinentiis,  according  to  their  charter ;  Jdlvo  tamen  d'cis 
burgens\  quod  qui'eti  fint  in  feria  predi&a  de  thelonio,  et  Jlallagio^ 
et  botagio  ;  an-d  for  this  conceflion  the  prior  and  convent  are  to 
pay  to  the  burghers  half  a  mark  per  ann''  in  recompence  of  all 
damages  which  may  come  to  the  faid  burghers  upon  account 
of  the  faid  fair  \ 

But  afterwards,  in  the  27th  year  of  Edward  tlie  Firft,  there 
arofe  a  dif[)ute  between  the  prior  and  convent,  and  the  mayor 
of  Cambridge,  upon  account  of  the  goods  of  a  felon,  who  ran 
away,  and  left  them  in  the  fair.  The  prior's  bailiff  feized  thofe 
goods,  and  carried  them  into  the  convent.  But  Robert  Tuylcr,, 
then  mayor  of  Cambridge,  demanded  them,  as  of  right  belonging 
to  him  as  mayor,  and  and  this  matter  was  carried  before  the  barons 
of  the  exchequer  by  the  mayor.  But,  by  the  mediation  of. 
friends,  it  was  fettled  without  a  trial ;  and  there  were  articles 
of  agreement  drawn    up    between  them,    which  were   in    fub-- 


'  L.  II.  F.  37.  C.  27.  »  L.  II.  F.  31.  C.  28. 


ftancffj, 


32  THE     HISTORY     AND     ANTI QJJ  I  T  I  E  S 

fiance,  That  the  prior  and  convent  fliould  fuffer  all  that  lived 
wirhin  the  town  or  liberties  of  Cambridge,  who,  according  to 
the  cultom  of  the  faid  town,  omnia  in  eade?n  villa  emergencia 
fujUnent  et  Jujlinerc  tenentur^  ut  in  vigil\  taUiag\  Jcottag\  feBis^ 
et  aliis  contributtonibus^  according  to  what  the  burghers  of  the 
laid  town  do,  to  be  free  in  the  fair  of  the  prior  and  convent 
aforefaid  of  ftallage,  bothage,  and  toll.  And  that  the  goods 
of  theives,  fugitives,  and  cut-purfes,  if  any  fuch  are  hereafter 
taken  or  found  in  the  faid  fair  by  the  prior  or  his  bailiffs, 
lliali  be  immediately  delivered  to  the  bailiffs  of  Cambridge  ; 
and  that  the  burghers  of  Cambridge  fliall  indemnify  the 
faid  prior  and  convent  againft  all  perfons  for  their  fo  doing. 
And  the  burghers  agree,  that  all  that  live  in  the  town  and  liberties 
of  Cambridge,  and  do  not  bear,  or  are  obliged  to  bear,  the 
duties,  or  perform  the  fervices  above-mentioned,  fhall  be  as 
much  obliged  to  the  cuftoms  of  the  fair,  as  thofe  that  come 
from  any  other  place  '. 

The  prior  of  Barnwell  liad  a  wood  in  Brunne,  joining  upon  the 
way  called  Arming-ftreet,  and  it  happened  that  on  feria  quarta 
ante  diem  Pafchcc-  there  came  two  noted  rich  merchants  from 
about  Stamford,  and  three  ftrangers  wth  them.  They  drank 
together  at  Caxton,  and  went  on,  and  when  they  came  under 
the  prior's  wood  in  Arming-ftreet  way  (it  v/as  after  fun-fet,  about 
fuch  time  as  they  went  to  church  to  perform  that  fervice  which 
in  thofe  times  was  called  'fenebrce)  the  ftrangers  fet  upon  the  two 
tradefraen,  knocked  them  off  their  horfes,  killed,  and  robbed 
them.  The  cries  of  the  tradefmen  were  heard  in  Stow  church  ; 
but  the  robbers,  having  got  all  they  had,  came  the  fame  night  to 
Royiton  \ad  villam  de  Cruce Roys'];  and  being  aflved  how  they  came 
fo  wounded,  and  what  made  their  cloaths   io  bloody,  they  fiid, 

L.  II.  F.  3  1.  C,  32. 

"  thai: 


OFBARNWEiLLABBEY.  3j 

**  that  they  had  hke  to  have  been  killed  by  thieves,  and  that  they 
"  efcaped  their  hands  with  much  difficulty."  But  the  next  morn- 
ing, the  men  were  found  dead,  and  it  was  immediately  reported 
every  where,  that  the  prior's  carpenters,  whom  he  had  fent  thither 
to  ffeU  his  wood*  and  who  lay  there  in  a  hut  night  and  day,  had 
killed  them.  But  when  the  coroner's  inqueft  came  to  fit  on  the 
bodies,  they  acquittc?d  the  mafter  carpenter,  whofe  name  was  Peter 
de  Burg,  becaule  it  v/as  proved  that  he  was  at  Brunne  church  at 
the  time  wh-en  the  murder  was  committed. 

The  report  of  this  murder  coming  to  king  Edward,  and  alfo 
how  and  where  they  were  killed,  he  fent  out  an  edi6l  through- 
out all  England,  commanding  all  the  woods  through  which  the 
common  road  lies,  on  both  fides  the  king's  highway,  for  the 
breadth  of  60  feet,  to  be  cut  down  ;  and  there  was  a  time  fixed 
for  the  owners  of  the  woods  to  do  it  in,  under  a  heavy  penalty. 
When  the  prior  of  Barnwell  heard  of  this,  he  caufed  all  the 
trees  ftanding  upon  the  banks  of  the  ditches  to  be  felled,  and 
the  ditches  to  be  filled  and  leveled,  and  all  the  under%vood  to  be 
flubbed  up  to  the  breadth  of  60  feet,  for  fear  of  falling  into 
the  king's  hands.  And  Wilham  Baldwyn  did  the  fame  by  his 
wood  of  Stow,  oppafite  to  it,  and  fo  made  the  pafTage  there 
more  fafe  than  before. 

The  brethren  of  tire  order  of  St.  Mary  of  Carmel  having 
pitched  upon  a  place  in  St.  John's  parifli  in  Cambridge,  to  build 
tliemfelves  an  houfe,  the  prior  and  convent  of  Barnwell,  recSlors  of 
the  laid  church  of  St.  John,  and  Symon  the  vicar  of  the  fame,  op- 
pofed  their  building  there,  becaufe  by  that  means  they  would  in- 
clofe  and  make  ufelefs  a  great  many  houfes  which  were  wont  to  be 
inhabited  by  the  parilhioners,  who  paid  real  and  perfonal  tithes 
and  oblations  to  the  faid  church,  and  of  w^hich  they  fhould  be 
deprived  by  reafon  of  the  Carmelites  building  there.  For  the 
Carmelites  alTerted,  that  they  were  exempt  from  payment  of 
tithes   and  oblations  by  a  grant  from  the  apoftolic  fee.      Upon 

F  which 


34  TtlE    HISTORY    AND    ANTIQUITIES 

which  controverfy,  both  parties  agreed  to  refer  the  matter  to  the: 
archdeacon  of  Ely  and  the  officiaL  And  they,  after  having 
heard  bath  lides,  determined  that  the  CarmeUtes  fliould  pay  to 
the  prior  and  convent  of  Barnwell  1j\s,.  per  arm.  in  recompence 
for  all  damages  which  the  faid  redors  and  their  vicar  fliouId' 
fuitain  by  their  building  there. 

The  ground  which  the  Carmelites  had  inclofed  at  the  date  of 
this  agreement  extended  in  length  from  the  king's  highway  to 
the  great  water-courfe,  and  in  breadth  from  the  land  formerly 
John  Alured's  to  the  adjoining  lane  which  leads  to  the  water- 
courfe  '. 

Now,  as  the  dwelling  of  the  Carmelites  in  that  parifh  would 
be  to  the  detriment  and  prejudice  of  the  vicar,  and  lelTen  the 
income  of  his  vicarage,  therefore  the  prior  and  convent  of  Barn- 
well agreed  that  he  fliould  be  abated  this  14s.  out  of  a  penfion 
of  20s.  which  he  iifed  to  pay  them  yearly,  and  that  now  he 
fliould  only  pay  6s.  for  the  future.  After  this  agreement,  John 
Porthors,  burgefs  of  Cambridge,  for  eafing  the  Carmelites, 
gave  to  the  prior  and  convent  of  Barnwell  a  mark/)^/  ami.  rent, 
to  be  received  out  of  houfes  in  Cambridge  which  were  annexed 
ta  the  archdeaconry  of  Ely,  and  the  king's  licence  was  obtained 
for  the  appropriation  of  the  faid  rent.  And  as  for  the  re- 
maining 8d.  the  prior  and  brethren  of  the  Carmelites  gave  the 
prior  and  convent  of  Barnwell  full  and  fufficient  fatisfaclion.  This 
agreement  was  made  at  Cambridge,  and  bears  date  anno  1 294,  1 2 
kal.  January,  and  was  afterwards  confirmed  and  eltabliflied 
by  the  pontifical  authority  at  Ditton,  4  idiis  February,  1294,. 
under  the  penalty  of  the  greater  excommunication  to  any  one 
ihat  fliould  prefume  to  break  any  part  of  it '. 

'  Tenementum  autem  qnod  predidli  fres  de  Caim'  ufque  ad  tempus  confedlionig- 
prefentium  inclulerunt  le  extendit  in  longitudine  a  Itrata  regia  ufque  ad  magnatn 
aquam  currentem,  et  in  iatitudine  a  terra ^quas  fuit  quondam  Joliis  Aluredi  ufque 
ad  venellam  proximam  quae  diicit  ad  aquam  currentem, 

*  L.  1V>  F.  80.  C.  i38» 

Thefe. 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBE  Y.  35 

Thefe  Carmelites  dwelt  firft  in  Cheftertone,  in  a  place  called  La 
Carme,  each  man  having  his  feparate  cell.  Afterwards  they  re- 
moved to  Newenbam  extra  Cantab\  and  there  they  built  a  number 
of  cells,  with  a  handfome  church,  cloifter,  dormitory,  and  all 
necefiary  apartments.  Then  in  1290,  all  the  brethren  of  this 
order  in  England  changed  their  habit  for  white  copes  \cap(2\  in- 
ftead  of  coarfe  woollen  cloaks  \_pallia  Jlragulata\. 

In  about  two  years  afterwards  they  removed  into  the  town  of 
Camliridge,  and  there  began  to  build,  and  ereded  a  new  church 
in  Miln-ftreet,  in  the  parilli  of  St.  John,  as  aforefaid.  A  certain, 
brother  of  this  order  named  Humphry,  at  the  defire  of  William  dc 
Luda,  bifliop  of  Ely,  had  licence  to  incept  in  divinity,  who  after- 
wards incipit  folem  paritei\  and  read  in  their  fchools,  in  the  new 
place  before-mentioned,  in  the  parifli  of  St.  John.  This  Humphry 
was  the  firft  Carmelite  who  had  leave  to  incept  in  the  univerfity  '. 

In  the  year  1291,  the  canons  of  Sempringham  firft  dwelt  at 
St.  Edmund's  chapel,  and  applied  themfelves  much  to  attending 
lectures  and  difputations. 

The  friars  Hermits  of  St.  Auguftine  having  fixed  upon  a  place 
in  St.  Edward's  parifh,  for  a  perpetual  fettlement  S^pro  manfione 
perpetud\  came  to  a  compofition  with  the  prior  and  convent  of 
Barnwell,  re£lors  of  St,  Edward's  church,  and  William,  vicar  of 
the  fame,  by  way  of  recompence  for  the  damages  which  might 
accrue  to  them,  or  their  fucceflbrs,  upon  account  of  the  houfes 
and  foil  taken  and  inhabited  at  prefent  by  the  faid  friars 
Hermits  in  the  parilh  of  St.  Edward  aforefaid,  in  which  the  pa- 
riiliioncrs  ufed  formerly  to  dwell,  who  paid  oblations  and  tithes 
real  and  perfonal  to  the  faid  church,   from  all  which  the  friars 

»  Gratiam  incipiendi  in  univerfitate.     I..  IV.  F.  80.  C.   139. 
Priiuo  inhabitabant  ad  capellam  StlEadmiindi  et  kftionibus  audiend'et  difputati- 
onibus  multum  hififtebant.  Leftiones  ec  difputatioues  habebant  di6li  canones  in  locum. 

F  2  Hermits 


36  THE    HISTORY    AND     ANTIQUITIES 

Hermits  aforefaid  afferted  that  they  had  an  exemption  by  authority 
of  the  apoflolic  fee;  and  therefore  agreed  to  pay  to  the  prior  and 
convent  of  Barnwell  and  their  vicar  4s.  per  ann.   (viz.)    2s.  on 
Chriftmas-day,   and  2s.   on  Eafter,  in  the  church  of  St.  Edward; 
and  they  further  agreed,  that  if  they  neglected  the  paymen^at 
the  appointed  time  and   place,   that  the    bifliop  of  Ely   for  the 
time  being  fliould  compel  them   to  pay,  by  proceeding  to  ex- 
communicate   them   immediately    upon   their   neglefl,   without 
the   previous  ufual  procefs    of  law.      And   they  agreed   to  fet 
afide   their  privileges  on   this  account,  and   to    be  alfo   obliged 
to  make  a   competent  fatisfa6tioa  for    all    reafonable    damages 
and  charges,    which   the    faid   redtors    or   vicar    might   fuilaiu. 
upon    that    account.      They    alfo    agreed  farther,    that    if   the 
faid  friars    fliould    afterwards   enlarge    their    habitation    within 
the    bounds  of  the   faid    parifli,   that  then  the  faid  recfkors   and. 
vicar    fliould   have   a  farther   yearly   allowance    in    proportion, 
to    the    enlargement ;    and   this    they     bound    themfelves     to 
in   the  fame   manner  as   aforefaid,  falvis  prhilegiis    in   omnibus 
aliis.     They     agreed   alfo,    that    the   Heremites    fliould    admit 
none  of  the  parifhioners  of  St.  Edward  to  receive  the  facraments 
of  the  church,  and  that  all  their  hired   fecular  fervants  fliould.' 
receive  the  facrament  in  St.  Edward's  church,  make  their  oblations,, 
and  pay  their  tithes  there.      This  agreement  was  made  by  Guido,, 
official  of  Ely,  in  the  conventual  church  of  Barnwell,  die  Lunce 
proxima  poji  jejlum  JanBi  Martini^.  1290,  and  fealed  with   his- 
feal,    and    the    feal  of    the    parties   concerned,    in   prefence   of 
Mafter   Galfrid    de   Pakenham,   chancellor  of  the  univerfity  of 
Cambridge,   Mafter  Hugh  de  Pagrave,.  and  Henry  Sampfon,  pro- 
feflbrs  of  civil  law,   and  abundance  of  other  witnefTes  '. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  year  1  290,  dame  Dionifia  de  Monte 
Canifo  began  to  build  a  church,  and  many  other  apartments  for 

'  L.  IV.  F.  81.  C.  141.     And  fee.  Baker's  MSS.  in  Brit,  Muf.  vol.  II.  N"  I. 
5  <^^ 


OF    BARNWELL     ABBEY. 


37 


the  ufe  of  fifters  of  the  order  of  the  Minorites  in  her  manor  of 
Waterbeche.  And  in  the  courfe  of  the  year  \_a7ino  revoIuto\  four 
Ji/lers,  the  firft  four  of  which  came  thither  from  France  about 
Afcenfion-day,  planted  there  an  abbefs  and  fillers,  Minoreffes  of  the 
order  of  St.  Clare.  But  Symon  prior  of  the  convent  of  Barnvvell, 
redtors  of  the  church  of  Waterbeclw,  and  Gonftantine,  the  per- 
j)etual  vicar  of  the  place,  earneftly  oppofed  their  fettlement  there, 
alledging,  that  it  would  neceffarily  be  a  prodigious  damage  to 
the  mother  church,  viz.  the  parifli  church  of  Waterbeche,  and 
confequently  to  them  and  their  fucceffors.  For  if  they  were 
fuffered  to  fettle  there,  they  would  draw  away  all,  or  moll  part, 
of  the  fmall  tithes,-  as  milk,  calves,  lambs,  wool,  the  tithes  of 
orchards,  oblations,  confeffions,  and  other  things,  belonging  of 
common  right  to  the  faid  church,  and  which  had  been  con- 
Itantly  and  quietly  paid  heretofore.  After  pretty  warm  dif- 
putes,  they  came  to  an  accommodation,  by  the  advice  of  Guido, 
official  to  William  bifliop  of  Ely,  and  other  friends,  and  all 
parties  agreed  to  abide  by  the  official's-  determiniation,  by  au- 
thentic writings  '  under  their  refpeilive  feals. 

The  abbefs's  name,  as  appears  by  the  writing  aforefaid,  was 
Johanna  de  Nyverriis.  Thefe  writings,  or  letters  patent,  bear 
date  at  Waterbeche,  3d  of  the  ides  of  February,  1294,  Upon 
which,  the  official  examined  and  confidered  the  matter,  to  fee 
what  advantage  would  accrue  to  the  raonaftery  of  the  abbefs  and 
lifters,  by  retaining  thefe  tithes,  &c.  for  the  future,  and  what 
damage  and  lofs  \t  would  be  to  the  portion  of  the  vicar  of  the 
place  for  the  time  being. 

And,  after  a  full  and  mature  deliberation  upon  the  matter,  he 
appointed,  that,  for  recompence  of  the  fmall  tithes, 

■  Which  writings  were  called  letters  patent  in  the  leiger-book  of  Barnwell,  where 
they  may  befeenat  length. 


D 


6- 


J 


8  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTIQUITIES 


Deincrementis  animalium  j5  priorem  religioforum  et  non  aliorum,  ec  ortis,  frudibire 
arborum,  vivarioruni,  et  aliis  minutis  inclufis  ibidem  fepukura  et  oblacionibus  dc 
diia  fundatrice  et  heredibus  kiis,  fua  libera  familia  et  aliis  amicis  nobilibus  qui  cum 
cis  ibid'  venerint  et  moram  ibi  fecerint  cum  eifdem  abbatifla  et  forores  de  Water 
Beche  folvent  perpetuo  dc  bonis  ejulcicm  manciii  fui  pracdifti  vicario  de  Water Beche, 

every  year  at  two  terms  of  the  year,  22s.  fterling  in  the  pariili 
church  of  Waterbeche,  viz.  lis.  at  Eaftei",  and  its.  at  Michael- 
mas ;  and  that  the  vicar  fliall  demand  nothing  more  upon  the 
account  aforefaid  of  any  of  the  fecular  fervants  of  the  monaltery, 
which  are  always  employed  in  the  fame,  to  wit,  as  in  the 
kitchen  or  cellar,  and  the  like,  and  one  fteward  of  the  manor, 
except  they  are  of  the  parilli  of  Waterbeche.  The  vicar  lliall 
take  nothing  for  oblations  or  confeffions  without  the  abbefs's 
confent.  But  as  for  their  fecular  fervants  that  are  employed  in 
any  of  their  concerns  out  of  the  monaftery,  any  where  within 
the  parilli  of  Waterbeche,  whether  they  are  parifhioners  or 
ftrangers,  they  fhall  make  the  ufual  oblations  to  the  mother 
church  of  Waterbeche,  at  leaft  four  times  a  year,  and  fhall 
there  receive  the  facraments  of  the  church  ;  and  if  they  die 
there,  and  ought  to  be  buried  any  where  elfe,  prima  mijfa 
cuffi  corpore  prefenti  cekbretur  in  ipfa  ecckjia,  et  oblaciones  mo- 
rientis  ibidem.  And  that  the  bifliop  of  Ely,  or  his  official  for 
the  time  being,  fliall  have  power  at  any  time  to  compel 
the  faid  abbefs  and  lifters  to  pay  the  aforefaid  annual  rent 
of  22s.  to  the  vicar  in  the  form  aforefaid,  fairly  and  with- 
out contention,  notwithftanding  any  privileges  they  either  have 
now,  or  fliall  hereafter  obtain.  And  he  alfo  determined,  that 
it  fliould  not  be  lawful  for  the  faid  abbefs  and  lifters  to  proted: 
nor  defend,  or  fujEFer  to  be  defended,  their  fecular  fervants,  vel 
aliena  animalia^  feu  eorum  exitum  in  aliquo  contra  ordinatiotiem 
predicl\  But,  that  he  might  do  no  prejudice  to  the  convent  of 
Barnwell  by  his  determination,  he  declared  that  they  ought  to 
receive  and  have  all  the  tithes  garbarum  et  feni  et  pajiura  et  aliis 

libere 


OF     BARNWELL     ABBEY. 


39 


Udere  et plene  ficut  ante  ;  and  for  the  better  fecurity  of  the  parties 
concerned,  he  put  the  feal  of  his  office  to  this  his  determination  ; 
and  thebidiopof  Ely,  arter  ne  iiaa  r^^orv  i«formed  of  the  con- 
tents of  it,  caufed  his  feal  alfo  to  be  affixed.  This  determination 
bears  date  at  Waterbeche,  Die  Veneris  in  fefto  fan£i<z  Scolajticce' 
virg.  id  eft,  quarto  idus  Februarii^  anno  Uni  12^^.  WitneiTes, 
Sir  Wilham  de  Kyftetot,  Sir  Wilham  Touchet,  knights.  Matters 
John  and  Thomas  de  Redefwell,  Henry  de  Pentelaros,  friars 
John  de  S'to  Eadmundo,  Robert  de  Swapham,  canons,  and  mafters 
John  Pikard,  and  Walter  Sauccage,  chaplains  to  the  bifhops  of 
Ely,  with  many  more  '. 

The  friars  of  St.  Mary  began  to  build  in  the  parifh  of  All 

Saints  by  the  Caftle,  A.  D.  129.  .  . 

Sed  per  ja^um  f^/);/// nunciabatur  eis  novum  opus.  Et  fecerunt  pacem  pro  in- 
demnitute  matris  cccte  pro  3i.  marce  ann',  qiiam  reJdunt  infirmario  de  BernewelJe; 
unde  fada  eft  compofitio,  et  figillo  Hugonis  de  Balefham  Elyenfis  epi  fignata  ''. 

In  the  year  1 297,  the  brethren  de  penitentia  Jefu  Chrijii  bought 
a  principal  mefTuage  of  John  le  Rus,  which  was  oppofite  to  the 
chapel  of  Saint  Edmond.      But  as  that  mefTuage  was  of  the  fee 
of  the  canons  of  Barnwell,  prior  Jolan  would   not  fufFer  them 
to  take  pofTeffion  of  it.      Upon  which,  John  le  Rus  came  along 
with  the  faid  brethren  to  the  prior,  and  with  tears  in  their  eyes 
begged  his  pardon,  and  that  he  would  give  them  leave  to  take 
l^ofTeffion   of  their  houfe.      And  upon  John   le  Rus  making  an. 
acknowledgement  in  writing,  that   he  was  to  pay  a  yearly  rent 
of  28s.    I  id.   to  the  convent  of  Barnwell   for  that  houfe, . and '' 
other  houfes  in  Cambridge,   and  lands  in  the  field,  and  binding 
his  water-mill  in  Milne-flrate  for  the  payment  thereof,  and  for  a. 
fixed  place  where  they  might  always  diflrain  for  the  fame,   and 
to    make  a  more  authentic   afTurance   and   acknowledgement  of 
the  fettlement  before  the  juftices  itinerant  which  were  then  at-. 
Cambridge  ;  the  prior  conferited  to  their  admifliono 

'  L.  IV.  F.  82,  and  83.  C.  142.  *  Ibidem,  C.  143. 

Thefar 


4« 


THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES 


Thefe  friars  de  Sacco  gathered  to  them  many  good  fcholars, 
and  multiplied  fo  much  that  the  pope  decreed,  in  the  coumil  of 
Lyons,  that  they  Ihould  from  thenceforwnrri  receive  no  muie 
i«to  tKoii.  W1V.1CI,  except  the  friars  preachers,  Minorites,  and  Car- 
melites, and  he  gave  them  leave  to  enter  into  lefs  fl:ri<5l  \Jaxiores\ 
religious  orders  if  they  would.  And  from  that  time  they  dwindled, 
and  came  to  nothing,  except  only  the  friars  preachers '. 

But  the  faid  John  le  Rus  having  fold  the  greateft  part  of  his 
eitate  by  parcels,  died,  and  left  what  he  had  to  his  nephew, 
Hugh  le  Rus,  who  finding  the  mill  very  ruinous,  and  bound  for 
a  large  rent,  pulled  it  down,  by  the  advice  of  Guy  de  Mortuo 
Mari,  rector  of  the  church  of  Kingftone,  and  carried  away  all 
the  materials  belonging  to  it  to  the  faid  Guy's  houfe,  and  laid 
it  in  his  yard  ;  and  fo  the  prior  of  Barnwell  was  deprived  of 
the  fecurity  which  he  had  for  his  rent.  Upon  which,  he  fued 
the  faid  Grey  and  Hugh,  and  had  a  verdidl  againft  them,  and 
they  were  forced  to  give  fecurity  for  the  faid  rent  *. 

In  the  1 8th  year  of  Edward  I.  the  7th  of  the  ides  of  July, 
about  9  in  the  morning  the  church  of  St.  Mary  at  Cambridge 
was  burnt,   and  many  houfes  round  it  ^ 

In  the  year  1287,  on  St.  Blafe's  day,  the  3d  of  February,  after 
fun-fet,  whilft  the  canons' were  finging  compline  there  arofe 
a  very  great  tempeft,  and  a  terrible  flafli  of  lightning  fell  upon 
the  crofs,  which  was  on  the  very  top  of  the  tower  of  the 
church,  and  prefently  the  fire  fell  on  the  tower,  quod  qu'afi  poma 
aurea  dejcendebant  feint  ilia  in  medio  chori,  which  very  much 
frightened  the  canons.  Going  out  after  compline,  they  faw  the 
fparks  flying  from  off  the  crofs.  But  feveral,  both  canons  and 
feculars,  going  up  to  the  top  of  the  tower  within  it,  could  find 


*  L.  IV.  F.  8^  C.  14.4. 

*  L.  IV.  F.  88.  C.  162.. 


L.  III.  F.  ^2^.  a  %%,  83. 


nothing 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  41 

nothing  ami fs,  and  thought  nil  was  Tafe.     But  yet  the  fire  kept 

burning  upon  the  crofs  till  it  had  confumecl  it  dov/n  to 

....  But  though  it  burnt  there  a  great  while,  yet  it  burnt 
inwardly,  and  nothing  appeared  without,  fo  that  they  hoped 
the  fire  was  eTtfinguiflied.  But  this  being  confumed,  the  iron 
that  fupported  the  weather-cock  \ventilogiuin']  fell  down  with 
the  crofs ;  and  then  the  fparks  began  to  fly  about  terribly, 
and  fet  fire  to  the  neighbouring  houfes  at  a  great  diftance,  as 
well  as  to  thofe  that  \Vere  nearer,  and  at  the  fame  time  the  wind 
was  fo  very  high,  and  fo  cold,,  that  it  was  almoft  impoffible  for 
the  neighbours  to  aflift  oiie  another.  The  fire  raged  and  burnt 
all  that  night,  and  the  day  followin'g,  till  fun-fet.  The  fire 
which  fell  down  froni  the  tower  of  the  church  fet  fire  to  the 
choir,  and  did  incredible  damage,  by  breaking  the  boarding 
and  the  clock,  melting  the  lead,  and  cracking  the  windows  and 
bells,   befidcs  what  the  neighbourhood  fviffered  '. 

After  the  fire,  the  convent  were  forced  to  perform  divine 
fervice  in  St.  Mary's  chapel  for  above  a  year. 

1287,  a  flafli  of  lightning  fet  fire  to  the  belfrey  of  Barnwell 
abbey,  and  deftroyed  great  part  of  the  monaftic  buildings  by 
its  undiftinguilliing  rage  ''. 

John  de  Kyrkebi,  bifhop  of  Ely,  came  upon  a  fet  day,  at 
the  requeft  of  fome  of  the  canons,  to  vifit  the  priory ;  and  hav- 
ing made  a  fpeech  (as  was  ufiial)  before  the  great  altar,  Symon 
the  prior  faid  to  him,  "  My  lord,  here  is  nothing  to  be  done." 
**  Nay,"  faith  the  biiliop,  "  if  there  Is  nothing  to  be  done,  I'll  be 
**  gone."  Then,  turning  his  eyes  towards  the  part  that  was  burnt, 
"  See," faid  he,  "  the  footlleiis  appear;"  and  fo  went  away  in  very 
great  pallion,  and  immediately  excommunicated  all  the  inhabitants. 

'    L.  IV.  F.  84.  C.  146. 

'  Ignis  fulmineus  ex  concufiione  tonitrui  generalius  campanarium  monaflcrii  de 
Bernwell  juxta  Cantabrigiam  maonamque  partem  sdificiorum  fuoriim  indilcreto 
dcvoravit  mcendio,  anno  Dom.  12S7.     Thu.  Wikes,  p.  116.  cd.  Gale. 

Ecclefia  de  Bernwell  idu  fulguris  cremabatur.  Ann.  Wigorn.  in  Angl.  Sac.  I.  509. 

G  He 


42  THE    HISTORY     AND    A  N  T  IQ^IJ  I  T  I E  S 

He  relaxed  the  fentence  the  next  morning;  but  did  not  fo  fooii 
lay  afide  his  refentment  againft  the  prior  and  convent ;   for  he 
ufed  them  ill,  and  oppofed  them  in  every  thing.      In  the  mean 
time,  Robert  de  Ilekitone,  Jacrijl  of  the  church,    took  infinite 
pains,  exerting  himfelf  to  the  utmofl  to  repair  the  church,  and,  by 
his  exertion,  almoll:  completed  it  in  two  years  '.     Several  faid  that 
the  church  ought  to  be  re-confecrated,  and  others,  that  it  ought 
to  be  only  reconciled  after  the  repairing.      However,  the  prior 
left  that    to   the   bilhop,    and    wrote   a   very  fubmiffive  letter 
to   him,  to   beg  his  pardon,  and  fent  it  by  his  fubprior ;  upoa. 
reading  whereof,   the    bifliop  could  not  refrain  from  tears,,  and- 
forgave  the  debt  ^  Afterward,  at  their  requeft,  he  came  and  re- 
conciled the  church  with  great  folemnity,  fprinkling  holy  water,, 
with  wine  and  afhes,  thrice  round  the  church  within  and  without. 
He  gave  large  fums    for  pious   ufes,   and  to  the    furrounding^ 
populace,  and  celebrated  mafs  at  the  high  altar  of  St.  Giles,  and 
granted  40  days  indulgence  ^      And  after  he  had  finiflied  the 
whole  ceremony,  he  went  to  his  dinner  at  Ditton,  and  took  noi 
procurations.      This  reconciliation   was   performed,  on  the  firfl: 
Sunday  in  Lent,  pr'idie  norC  Martiiy  anno  1288;   and   the  fame 
John,  bilhop  of  Ely,  was  dead  and  buried  before  Eafter  ^ 

William  Longchamp,  bifliop  of  Ely,  dedicated  the  conventual 
church  of  Barnwell  to  the  honour  of  St.  Andrew  and  St.  Giles^ 
in  the  nth  kal.  Mail,  1 191,  and  gave  40  days  indulgence  upon 
that  occafion  *. 

*  IMultum  anhelabat  et  viriliter  laboravit  circa  rcparationem  ecclefiae,  et  confumi 
mavit  fere  infra  hiennium  cum  folicitudine. 

*  Et  debitum  dimifit. 

^  Aquam  benedi€tain  cum  vino  et  cinere  ter  ecclefiam  circuiens  interius  et  ter 
exteriuE.   l-arge  dedit  in  pictatibus  et  populo  circumftanti  largiflime  in  frontibus,  et. 
rr^iTR  M    -flebravit  ad   magnum  altare  dc  Sto  Egidio,  et  iudulgcniiam  43  dierum.. 
concelGr. 

*  1..  iV.  F.  85.  C.  147.  •  Ibidem,  C.  ^8, 

Joha 


or    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  45 

John  [de  Fontibus],  bifliop  of  Ely,  dedicated  the  chapel  of  the 
Infirmary  to  the  honour  of  St.  Peter,  in  the  time  of  prior 
Laurence,  in  the  6th  year  of  king  Henry  Fitz  John,  1222,  the 
6th  of  the  nones  of  October;  he  granted  five  days  indulgence  upon 
this  occafion,  and  therefore  every  year,  upon  the  anaiverfary  of 
the  dedication,  a  folemn  mais  is  celebrate:!  in  that  chapel  '. 

The  fame  bifliop  dedicated  the  chapel  of  St.  Mary  to  the 
honour  of  the  blelTed  Virgin  and  St.  Edmund,  king  and  martyr, 
in  the  time  alfo  of  prior  Laurence,  anno  1229,  upon  St.  Agnes' 
day,  12  kal.  Jan.  and  allowed  40  days  indulgence;  and  there- 
fore every  year,  upon  St.  Agnes'  day,  the  mafs  of  dedication 
is  celebrated,  and  upon  St.  Edmund's  day  1 2  kal.  Dec.  the  mafs 
of  the  martyr  is  celebrated  in  that  chapel '» 

Mafler  Robert  de  Fulburn,  who  died  a  year  and  three  months 
before  the  burning  of  the  church  of  Barnwell,  was  a  very  great 
benefadlor  to  the  convent.  He  forgave  them  300  marks,  v^^hich 
they  had  borrowed  of  him.  He  ordered  that  they  fliould  have 
the  two  horfes  which  fliould  carry  his  body  to  be  buried  there. 
He  gave  them  abundance  of  filver  cups  and  difhes,  a  very  great 
collection  of  books,  and  feveral  other  things,  fo  that  it  was  com- 
puted that  they  had  500  marks  by  his  death.  Befides,  he 
gave  them  a  flone  houfe,  over  againft  St.  Sepulchre's  church  in 
Cambridge,  to  pay  a  perpetual  chaplain  to  celebrate  mafs  for 
him  at  the  altar  of  St.  Auguftine  every  day  '. 

Mafter  Galfrid  de  Pakenham,  chancellor  of  Cambridge,  began 
to  pave  the  flreets  of  Cambridge,  in  the  19th  year  of  Edward 
the  Firft.  In  order  to  enable  him  to  carry  on  that  great  work,  the 
king  gave  his  confent  that  he  fhould  take  the  tolls,  &.c.  for 
fix  years  *. 

Feria  quint  a  in  cena  Uni  anno  1295,  in  the  beginning  of  the 
year,  William  Luda,  bifhop  of  Ely,  in  crajiino   Annunciationis^ 

'  L.  IV.  F.  15.  C.  148.  ^  L.  IV.  F.  87.  C.  149. 

^  Ibidem,  C»  153.  *  Ibidem,  C.  154. 

G  2  confecrated 


44  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES 

confecrated.crirm.  and  oil  in  the  church  of  Bernwell,  and  intro- 
duced the  penitents,  which  is  what  had  never  been  done  by 
any  bifliop  of  Ely  within  the  memory  of  man'.  And  he  alfo 
vihted  his  whole  diocefe  of  Ely  by  himfelf,  and  by  his  oflicial, 
which  no  other  bilhop  of  Ely  ever  did.  On  the  fame  day,  viz. 
Monday,  at  nine  o'clock,  king  Edward  left  the  caftle  of  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  had  lodged  two  nights  and  days  ;  and  it  had 
not  been  known  in  the  memory  of  man  that  any  king  had 
lain  there  before  ■. 

At  the  fame  time,  the  king's  cofferer  depofited  rooo  pounds 
in  the  dormitory  of  Barnwell  priory,  againft  the  coming  of  the 
king  to  Cambridge. 

And  the  king's  chancellor,  Sir  John  de  Lang,  lay  at  the 
monaftry  during  the  king's  ftay  at  Cambridge,  and  for  four  or 
five  days  before  his  coming  ^ 

In  the  year  1294,  there  Vv'as  fuch  a  dearth  in  the  land,  that  a 
bufhel  of  wheat  Vv'as  worth  2  6d.  as  foon  as  harveft  was  in.  The^ 
4th  day  of  July,  all  the  coffers  with  treafure  throughout  Eng-. 
land,  as  well  in  churches  as  any  where  elfe,  were  lealed  up  by 
the  king's  officers,  for  his  ufe  '*.  17  kal.  Augufi,  the  king  feized 
the  priory  of  Barnwell,  with  all  its  apj^urtenances,  into  his 
hands,  for  the  tenths  of  the  bifhop  of  Ely  which  were  unpaid, . 
which  amounted  to  925I.  iis,  ^^d.  The  reaibn  why  the  king 
feized  the  priory  of  Barnwell  for  the  bifliop's  taij^es  was,  becaule 
the  prior  of  Barnwell  was  appointed  by  the  king  tQ  collect  the 
tenths  of  the  temporalities  in  the  bilhoprick  of  Ely  ;  but  tha. 
bifnop  being  remifs,   and  the  gij-ipt  vuiwilling  to  pj^efs  him,   the 

*  1493.  Feria  :^tia  in  C'cena  DHi  i/.p;', inc'ipiente  in  craftino  feu  annunc'Dnic', 
ven'patciW.  dcLuda  ep'  Elicnf  .onfecravit  in  ccclel'  dePcnwcil  cr-.finaet  oltum, 
el  inviodiixit  pcenitentcs.  A  tfrapore  a  quo  exeat  nemoria  eg'  Elienl'  nunquatn 
antca  ibi  talip  fecir.     Lib.  BeinweH. 

;  L,  IV.  t'.  78.  C.  155,  156.  '  ibidem. 

*  Compaie  Annuls  oi  Duiutaple  under  this  year, 

^      .     .  -       bifnop 


O  F    B  A  R  N  W  E  L  L    A  B  B  E  y;  45: 

bifhop  of  Bath,  the  kmg's  treafurer,  came  to  extremity,  and 
aneftcd  mafter  Robert  Hokitone,  facrill:  of  Barnwell,  fub-collc<5lor, 
and  feized  the  priory  for  the  king's  ufe,  as  afortfaid,  till  the 
money  fhould  be  paid;  which  when  the  bhhop  of  Ely  came 
to  know,  he  paid  the  money  into  the  exchequer,  by  the  hands 
of  malter  John,  his  chaplain,  vicar  of  Tyrington  ;  and  {o  ac- 
quitted the  priory  of  Barnwell,  and  releaied  the  fub-colle6lor  ;. 
and  the  bifliop  himlelf  had  a  difcharge  under  the  leal  of  the 
chapter  of  Barnwell,  dated,  die  S.abbati  infra  o£lav!  AJfuinptiomS' 
beate  Maris,  anno  1294'. 

In  the  year  1291,  there  was  a  new  taxation  made  of  all  ec— 
clefiaftical   and  temporal  eftates,    according   to   the   true    valucy-, 
throughout  all  England,  for  the  tenths  granted  to  king  Edward' 
the    Firit,    for   fix   years,  by    pope   Nicholas.     This    tax    was 
affeffed  and    levied  by    John,   bilhop  of  Wynton,   and  Oliver,, 
billiop  of  Lincoln.      And  they  appointed  mailer  Govy  de  Co- 
ventre,  official  to  the  bifliop  of  Ely,  and  mailer  Ralph  de  Fo- 
dringeye,   archdeacon  of  Ely,  to  be  taxers   of  the  fpiritual  re- 
venues in  the  diocefe  of  Ely.     But  they  appointed  mailer  Richard 
de  St.   Frewyth,  archdeacon  of  Bokingham,   and  mailer  Robert 
Lutterel,  canon   of    Sarum,    to   tax  the  temporals  of  the  fuid: 
diocefe.      Thefe  taxers  began  their  perambulation  in  June,   and 
in  their  taxation  proceeded  in  a 'very  different  way  from  v.hat  was 
iifual.      They  were  over  and  above  hard  upon  all  religious  per-- 
fons.      They  would  not  believe  them  as  to  the  valuation  of  their  • 
ellate  upon  their  credit ;   for  they  not  only  required  the  clergy 
as  well  as  the  laity  to,  fwear  to  the  truth  of  their  return  ;   but. 
alfo  obliged  the  religious   to  deliver  in   the"  true  value  of  their  ' 
temporals  in  writing,  under  the  feal  of  their  chapter,  and  fwear. 
to  the   truth  of  it.      And  yet,  after  ail,  would  tax  juilas  they 
pleafed,  and  in  many  places  to  double  tlie  real  value*. 

*  L.  IV.  F.  %^.  C.  J62,  163,  164;  155. 167,  '. 


4^ 


THE    HISTORY    AND     ANTI  qjJ  I  T  I  E  S 


In  this  taxation  the  priorv  of  Barnwell  was  taxed  as  followsj 

as  to  its  fpirituahties. 

In  Decan'  de  Ceftertone. 

'Pnor  de  Bcrnwell,  let  in  Hokitone 

In  Hiftone  St.  And. 

•In  Rumprone 

In  Middeltone 

■In  Land  Beche 

In  Cottenham 

Eccta  de  Maddingelc 

Eccta  de  Waterbeche 

In  Decan'  Canteb'. 
•Prior  de  Bernwell,  in  eccta  St.  Edw* 
In  eccta  St.  Botulphi 

« Omnium  Sanftorum  ad  Caftrum 

Sti  Johannis 

Sti  Egidii 

3n  capclla  de  Barnwell 

In  Decan'  de  Scenegeyc 

Eccta  de  Gilden  Mordoa 
Eccta  de  Craweden 
Eccta  dc  Tliadclarve 

in  Decan'  de  Bruime. 
In  Lolle\<rort1ie 
In  Hunger  liattelc 
In  Kingftone 
In  Tofte 
Eccta  de  Brunnc 
Eccta  de  Caldecote 

In  Decan'  de  Bertonc, 

Prior  de  Barnwell  in  Bertone 

in  Cotes 

In  Hafelingfeld 

In  Wynepol 

In  Trumpitone 

Eccta  de  Combertone 

Eccta  de  Harleftonc 

In  Decan'  de  Caumpis. 
In  Stowe 

Jn  SwafFtiam  Monalium 
In  Pampewithe 
Eccta  Hinxtone 

I  '  Bona 


Value. 

Tenths. 

2  m. 

2s.     4d. 

40  s. 

4S. 

46  s.  8d 

.      4s.     8d. 

5  m. 

{  m. 

20  s. 

2S. 

20  s. 

2S. 

17  m. 

22s.     8d. 

20  m. 

2  m. 

I  m. 

i6d. 

4  m. 

5s.    4d. 

7  m. 

9s.    4d, 

20  s. 

2S. 

10  m. 

I  m. 

20  s. 

2S. 

Value. 

Tenths. 

45  m. 

41 

20  m. 

2  m. 

20  m. 

2  m« 

15  s. 

18  d. 

5S. 

6d. 

40  s. 

4S. 

40  s. 

4S. 

42  m. 

56s. 

12  m. 

i6s. 

4S. 

^i' 

4S. 

5d. 

24  s. 

2S.     5d. 

lOS. 

I2d. 

zm. 

2S.       4d. 

30  m. 

3  ni. 

2o  m. 

2  m. 

40  s. 

4S. 

15  s. 

8d. 

20  s. 

2  3. 

20  m. 

I  mo 

OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY 


47- 


Bona  Temporalia  Prioris 


In  Barnwell  et  Cant* 

In  Bertone 

In  Cumbertone 

In  Ceftertone 

De  quibus  Iblvunt 

regi  p  ann*  41     o 

Sie  remanent  de- 

cimBles  17     3 

In  Maddingelc 
In  Draytone 
In  Brunne 
In  Toft 
In  Caldecote 
In  Feverifhara 
In  Wynepol 
Ifl  Harleftone 
In  Hafelingfeld 
In  Wyvelinghani', 
In  Trumpiton. 
In  Meldeburne 
In  Wytlesfored 
In  Dokeword 


Prioris 

de  Barnwell,  in  dioc'  Elyenf'.. 

indum 

verum  valorem. 

/.     s. 

d. 

/.    s. 

d. 

48  II 

8t 

In  Pinecote 

%  1 1 

6 

13  16 

8 

In  Hokitone 

I      I 

4 

41      6 

0 

In  Stantone  St.  Michael 

0     I 

0 

58     3 

z 

In  Impetone 

2-   17 

0. 

In  Land  Beehe- 

4       2 

6 

In  Gretton* 

0     5 

6 

In  Herd  wye 

0    10 

10 

In  Kingftone 

0    17 

0 

19  14 

4 

In  Everldone 

0    10 

6 

4    4 

3 

In  Wytlesford 

I     0 

0 

19  12 

8 

In  Stowe 

0     9 

7t 

9     7 

2 

in  Crawdone 

0  18 

0 

2     8 

10 

In  Thadelows 

2  17 

II 

0    3 

3 

In  Cotenham 

0     6 

8 

1.    z 

0 

In  Ramptone 

0     6 

e» 

0  14 

0 

In  Barentone 

0     I 

0 

0     4 

0 

In  Barnediftonc 

0     3 

0 

0     I 

0 

In  Rifeby 

0     0 

4 

0  13 

0 

In  Chavde  and  Scheperey. 

I     I 

6 

0    3. 
0    I 

0    2 

0 

In  Howes 

0    6 

6 

6 

SiHnma  Summarum 

J77     9 

8. 

The  tenths  of  which  a^e 

»7  15 

0 

It  was  faid,  that  king  Edward  defired  this  tax  but  for  three 
years  only;  but  pope  Nicholas,  who  was  of  the  order  of  the 
Minorites,  gave  him  the  tenth  both  of  the  Temporalities  and^. 
Spiritualities  for  lix  years,  andyet  that  pope  died  in  three  years,^ 


pR20:3.Si 


.•4€  THE    HISTORY    AND     ANTIQ^UITIES 

Priors   of  Barnwell. 

,1.  Galfridus.  He  was  canon  of  Huntington,  and  taken 
from  thence  to  govern  the  canons  of  Cambridge  near  the  Caftle, 
hy  the  confcnt  of  Anfeln"),  archbifliop  of  Canterbury,  and  R.e- 
cnigius,  bifiiop  of  Lincoln.  He  was  a  man  of  great  hoHnefs 
and  piety,  and  governed  that  church  20  years  ;  and  after  their 
tranllation  to  Barnwell,  he  died  at  a  very  great  age,  and  was  bu- 
ried at  the  entrance  to  the  chapel  of  the  Bleffed  Virgin. 

2.  Gerard  fucceeded  him  '.  The  chief  thing,  as  far  as  I 
can  find,  that  recommended  him  to  the  good  liking  of  Payii 
Peverel,  their  patron,  was,  that  he  was  a  very  chearful  and 
Tnerry  companion.  In  his  days  many  apartments  were  built 
and  many  lands  bought  \_jiebmit  officind'^  mtiltcB  terrte  adquifitd\\ 
and  he  carried  on  the  church  with  great  dihgence,  which  was  of 
wonderful  bignefs,  and  extended  itfelf  (as  it  was  defigned)  into 
the  High-flreet,  by  the  affiftance  of  Payn  Peverell.  He  alfo  built 
the  dormitory.  But,  after  the  death  of  Payn  Peverell,  his  fon 
William  was  not  fo  zealous  to  promote  the  work.  But,  going 
into  the  Holy  Land,  he  quickly  died  there,  and  fo  the  church 
lay  uniinilhed  all  the  time  of  Gerard,  and  alfo  of  Richard  Noel 
and  Hugh  Dpraefman,  his  fucceffors.  ;     .;    ; 

3.  Richard  Noel  came  next,  a  religious,  but  a  weak  and 
faint-hearted  man,  and  unfit  for  government.  After  two  years, 
he  voluntarily  refigned  his  ix)lf,  took  a  formal  leave  of  the 
brethren,  went  into  France,  and  was  never  heard  of  more. 

4.  Hugh  Domesman,  a  canon,  was  made  prior  in  his  room, 
a  very  liberal  man,  very  loving,  and  much  beloved  among  the 
brethren.  He  was  fo  very  affable  and  courteous,  that  fome 
blamed  him,  and  accufed  him  of  folly,  as  ading  beneath  the 
<lignity  of  a  governor.      He  had  a  very  large  patrimony  by  the 

'  About  1U3. 

death 


O  F     B  A  U  N  W  E  L  L     A  B  a  E  Y:  49 

Oeath  of  his  parents  '  ;  fevcn  fcoie  acres  of  land  in  the  fields, 
and  a  great  many  houfes  in  the  town  of  Cambridge  :  he  alfo 
l)urch^fed  two  hydes  ©f  land  in  Maddingley  ;  all  which  he 
gave  to  the  common  ufe  of  the  brethren.  He  recovered  the 
church  of  Wenden  %  which  had  been  loll:  by  the  negligence  of  his 
predecelTors  ;  and,  alter  having  been  prior  20  years,  he  died 
ot   a  confumption. 

5.  Robert,  for  his  goodnefs  furnamed  Joel.)  fucceeded  to  this 
priorate.  He  was  a  canon  of  unheard-of  aufterity  ;  moft  fevere 
in  chiding,  and  harfli  in  reprimanding.  He  wholly  rcftrained. 
the  irregular,  and  reduced  the  erroneous,  and  obliged  all  to  keep 
within  the  bounds  of  order  and  government.  Befidcs,  he  not 
only  advifed,  commanded,  and  repryved,  but  he  alfo  fet  them 
a  bright  example  himfelf.  He  was  very  conftant  and  very 
devout  in  every  part  of  divine  fervice.  As  he  was  very  eminent 
in  the  practice  of  every  virtue,  fo  he  was  moil  remarkable  for 
kis  chaitity  and  charity.  Sometimes  indeed  his  zeal  made  him 
fo  fevere  in  intlidling  puniQiments,  that  fome  have  thought  him 
cruel  ;  but  he  was  a  man  truly  venerable  and  ;praife-worthy. 
Having  prevailed  upon  a  famous  knight,  one  Everard  de  Beche  % 
to  give  him  both  aflirtance  and  advice  for  the  building  of  offices 
and  the  church,  he  took  up  the  very  foundations  of  that  pro- 
digious church  which  had  been  begun  by  Payn  Peverel,  and 
built  a  more  decent  and  commodious  one  in  its  ftead,  had  it 
dedicated,   and  then  richly  adorned  it. 

'  His  father  was  Ofbern  Domefman.     Lib.  de  priori'bus  Barnewell,  in  Mon. 
Ang.  II.  II. 

*  Wendon,  in  EfTex.     See  Newcourt,  II.  648.     Morant,  II.  592. 
^  F.  23.     To  the  memory  of  this  Everard  de  Beche  was  this  infcription  on  the 
bafe  of  a  crofs  in  the  high  road  on  the  welt  fide  of  Bernwell : 

Quifquis  es,  Evrardi  memor  elto  Bechenfis,  ct  ora  .    .  . 

Liber  ut  ad  requiem  tranfeat  abfque  mora. 

Lib.  de  prioribus  Tirpra  cit.  in  Mon.  Ang.  U.  33. 
H  At 


50  THE    HISTORY    AND     ANTIQ^UITIES 

At  his  earneft  importunity,  William  bifliop  of  Ely  granted 
to  the  ufe  of  the  brethren  the  churches  of  Beche,  Caklecote, 
and  St.  Giles's  in  Cambridge,  which  had  been  either  negligently 
loft,  or  unjuiUy  taken  away  ;  and  he  confirmed  them  to  them 
by  a  writing.  He  afligned  the  church  of  St.  Giles  in  Cambridge 
for  curing  the  fick  brethren,  and  for  bleeding  thofe  in  healui 
[nee  non  Janis  minuendisl.  He  annexed  three  marks  yearly  laiary 
to  the  ot'hce  of  precentor. 

At  lad,  being  grown  old,  and  worn  out  with  ficknefs,  he  vo- 
luntarily refigned  his  priorate,  after  he  had  held  it  33  years  ; 
and  lived  three  years  afterwards,  and  then  died,  and  was  buried 
before  the  great  crofs  in  the  church  which  he  had  built.  Everard 
de  Beche,  by  whofe  alliftance  he  had  perfe6led  that  work,  was 
buried  on  the  ibuth-fide  over-againlt  Payn  Peverel,  as  the  belt 
friend  of  that  church,   next  to  him. 

6.  William  Devoniensis  fucceeded  Robert,  as  prior,  but, 
by  reafon  of  the  fliortnefs  of  his  life,  could  do  no  great  matters. 
Beiides,  in  his  time,  the  wiiole  kingdom  of  England  was  under 
a  general  interdidt,  w-hich  brought  him  a  great  deal  of  daily 
trouble  and  forrow  ;  for  though  he  was  the  governor,  yet  he 
could  not  carry  on  the  affairs  of  his  church  according  to  his 
willies.  He  died  8  cal.  Jan.  anno  Domini  121 3,  that  is,  in  tlie  6th 
year  of  the  interditfl,  and  was  buried  in  the  fouth  cloyfter,  near 
the  door  of  the  church  \Jitxta  hojiium  eccleji(f\  on  the  weft  fide  '. 

7.  William  de  Bedeford,  faciift,  was  eleded  into  the  pri- 
orate on  the  loth  of  the  kalends  of  November,  after  a  vacancy 
of  about  five  months.  It  is  faid,  that  he  went  but  once  into 
the  Chapter-houfe  after  his  inftallation  ;  for  he  died  in  a  few 
days,  and  was  buried  on  the  north-fide  within  the  chapter- 
houfe  ^ 

•  F.  23.  •  Ibidem. 

8.  Richard 


OF    B  A  RN  WE  L  L     ABBE  Y.  51 

8.  Richard  de  Burgh  fucceeded  him,  but  died  in  a  very 
little  time,   and  was  buried  near  his  predeceffor. 

9.  Lawrence  de  Stanesfeld,  though  a  young  man,  was 
unanimoully  choien  upon  the  death  of  Richard  de  Burgh.  He 
had  been  chaplain  to  the  three  preceding  priors,  and  was  a  man 
of  excellent  morals,  but  no  great  fcholar ;  though  it  is  laid 
he  had  written  feveral  books,  as  particularly  *'  The  Sufferings  of 
"  the  Saints,"  in  three  volumes,  which  was  wont  to  be  read  when 
the  convent  were  at  table.  He  loved  regular  difcipline,  and  was 
very  exemplary.  When  he  was  fo  old  that  he  could  not  walk, 
he  would  be  carried  by  his  fervants  to  the  entrance  of  the  choir, 
and  from  thence,  with  much  difficulty,  would  go  into  his  ftall, 
that  he  might  fliew  a  good  example  to  thofe  who  were  under 
his  care.  In  his  time  the  interdi(5l  was  relaxed ;  John  abbot 
of  Fountains  being  made  bifliop  of  Ely.  This  prior  Laurence 
built  the  refecSlory,  the  infirmary,  the  great  hall  \jjofpHiu7n\ 
a  granary,  bakehoufe,  brewhoufe,  liable  for  horfes,"  the  in- 
ward and  outward  gate,  and  the  walls  new  almoft  to  the  top 
\_ad  ■fummum'].  He  alfo  built  the  chapel  of  St.  Edmund, 
and  covered  it  with  lead  ;  he  made  alfo  very  beautiful  rails  to 
our  outer  churches,  and  very  excellent  barns  '.  He  found  three 
carucates  when  he  was  elected  j)rior,  and  at  his  death  he  left 
thirteen.  He  did  alfo  a  great  many  other  good  things  by 
God's  bleffi ng,  and  the  people's  plentiful  affiltance ;  for  the 
friars  did  not  then,  as  now,  go  begging  about ".  He  died  in  a 
great  age,  and  was  honourably  buried  on  the  right  hand  of  the 
entrance  into  the  chapel  of  St.  Mary,  and  covered  with  a  marble 
ftone  cum  agno  ^,  anno  prior atus  fui  38. 

'  Cancella  etiam  ad  ecclefias  noftras  exteriores  pulchra  fecit  et  honefla,  et  horrea 
valde  bona. 

*  Non  enini  tunc  ficut  nunc  erant  fratres  circumquaque  mendicantes. 
■*  Docs  this  mean  that  a  iamh  was  carved  en  the  ftone  ? 

H    2  10.  Henp.y 


52  THE     HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  q_U  I  T  I E  S 

lo.   Henry  de  Eya  fucceeded  him  about  1255;   a  man  of  a 
ftrong,  robuft  body,   and  of  good  morals.      This  man  was  many 
years  chamberlain,   to  the  great  fatisfadion  of  his  companions: 
he  planted  a  good  orchard  with  his  own  hands ;   he  alfo  planted 
a  vineyard,   and  had  fome  years   a  great  deal  of  fruit.      Aftcr- 
w-ards  being  made   fub-prior,  he   was    eledcd    prior   upon   the 
death  of  Laurence ;   in  which  poft  he  was  very  uneafy,   becaufe 
he  perceived  their  goods  to  wafte,   and  debts  to  increafe.      The 
order  of  Mendicants  a  few  years  before  had  taken  root  in  large 
bodies,   and  had  got  the  burials  of  the    rich    and    their  legacies 
and  alms  by  their  iniinuating  fpeeches,   which  before  their  ar- 
rival were  no  fmall  profit  to  the  conventual  church  of  Barnwell. 
But  confidering  his   own  incapacity  and  exceiiive  debts  of  the 
convent,   he  refigned  his  priorfliip  into  the  hands  of  the  official 
of  Canterbury  (the  fee  of  Ely  being  then  vacant)  in  the  third 
year  of  his  priorate,  unknown  to  the  convent.      He  had,  how- 
ever, afterwards  a  chamber   allotted   him    in    the   infirmary,   in 
which  he  lay  and  eat,   and  one  of  the  ^anons  was  appointetl   to 
bear  him    company,   and   to  wait    upon  him.      He  had    alfo   an 
allowance  out  of  the  cellar  and  kitchen,   and  treafnry,   equal  to 
what    two   canons   ufed  to    have ;    for    his    boy   \^ad  garcionem 
J'uwn\  he  received  nothing  out  of  either,  and  yet  he  frequently 
and  chearfully  invited  and  treated  the  brethren  of  the  convent  ; 
but  his  chief  bufineis  was  prayers  and  alms.      He  died  when  he 
had  refigned  near  14  years,   and  was  buried  in  the  great  church 
between  tw'o  pillars  before  the  leflcr  crofs. 

II.  JOLAN  DE  Thorleye  '  Came  after  him  into  the  priorate. 
He  was  indeed  a  very  little  man,  but  of  a  very  commendable 
underftanding  and  prudence,  and  well  verfed  in  the  civil  law. 
He  found  his  church  cruelly  opprefTed  with  a  debt  of  no  lefs  than 
600  marks,   which  he  endeavoured  all  he  could  to  get  cleared. 

'  John  de  SHOTtEY,  Willis,     He  was  chofcn  abouc  1256,  and  refigned  1266. 

He 


O  F     B  A  R  N  W  E  L  L     A  B  B  E  Y.  53; 

He  received  in  time  200  marks  of  the  executors  of  William 
Kilkeniji,  billiop  of  Ely,  for  which  he  obliged  his  church  to  find 
two  chaplains  for  ever,  which  fliould  be  ftudents  in  Cambridge, 
to  fay  mals  for  the  foul  of  the  faid  bilhop  Kilkenni.  And  theie 
two  chaplains  were  to  receive  10  marks  yearly  out  of  the  chamber 
de  Barnwell  for  ever.  But  that  that  payment  might  not  icem 
to  be  burthenfome  to  the  fraternity,  he  obtained  afterwards  the 
church  of  All  Saints  by  the  caftle  in  Cambridge,  from  Hugh  de. 
Balfiiam,  biihop  of  Ely,  by  the  rcfignation  of  mafter  Adam 
Buden,  for  the  proper  ufe  of  the  convent,  out  of  which  their 
infirmarius  was  to  anfwer  10  marks  to  the  faid  chaplains.  He 
was  fo  very  careful  of  the  temporal  affairs  of  the  monartery,  that 
in  time  he  not  only  cleared  tleir  debts,  but  alfo  raifed  the 
number  of  canons  to  '^o^  as  they  were  at  firit  intended  ;  and  alfo 
purchafed  fome  lands  in  Aladdingley  and  Berton  by  little  parcels- 
He  built  a  handfome  apartment  and  chapel  for  himfelf.  He 
new  built  part  of  the  cloifter  \jpannellum  claujlri']  towards  the 
wefl,  and  would  have  dene  more  ;  but  that  the  wars  w  hich 
preceded  the  battle  of  Lewes  did  him  much  damap^e  ;  for  he 
had  13  very  good  horfes,  and  their  harnefs,  feized  at  WygenhalL. 
And  not  long  after,  the  ifianders  came  out  and  burnt  his  ban  s- 
at  Brunne,  with  all  the  corn  of  three  carucates,  and  of  the 
church  '.  And  fome  of  the  ifianders  alfo  confpired  his  death, 
upon  account  of  Sir  Walter  de  Cotcnham,  who  was  taken  by  the 
king's  officers,  and  hanged.  Upon  tins,  he  fled  to  the  abbey  of 
Waltham,  where  he  was' honourably  received  and  entertained  \. 
Thefe  afflidions  brought  fuch  a  \veaknefs  upon  him,  that  in  a. 

'  See  before,  p.  26. — 28. 

*  John  de  Burgh,  fenior,  lord  of  the  manor  that  formerly  belonged  to  I'oberc 
Tipetote  (Tiptoft)  in  Harletlon,  was  very  inveterate  againft  this  prior.  Li'I.  Coll.  i. 
629.  ex  regiftro  Bt-rnewell. 

William  de  St.  Orner,  the  king's  judiciary,  flayed  a  while  at  Earnewell  to  inquire 
into  the  ill  behaviour  of  the  ifianders. 

I  little.; 


54  TliE     ili  STORY     AND     A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  £  S 

little  time  he  refigned  '  into  the  hands  of  the  bifliop  of  Ely.  He 
nfierwards  recovered  his  indifpofition,  and  was  very  much  in 
favour  with  the  bilhop  of  Ely.  After  his  refignation,  he  finillied 
the  greater  part  of  the"  Chapter-houfe,  and  two  parts  of  the 
■  <J[r,\^cv  ^dtios  panel/os  claujhi]^  and  would  have  done  more,  if 
he  had  been  let  alone  ;  but  John  de  Parham,  archbifliop  of 
Canterbury,  vilited  the  priory  of  Barnwell,  in  the  i6th  year 
after  his  rellgnation,  and  took  away  from  the  laid  Jolan  his 
former  proviiion,  and  the  houfe  where  he  dwelt,  and  afllgned 
him  one  chamber  in  the  infirmary,  and  the  common  allowance 
of  n.eat  and  drink,  and  loo  Ihillings  per  ami.  to  be  paid  out 
of  the  common  purfc,  by  reafon  of  his  infirmities.  And  after 
two  years,  he  died,  and  was  buried  in  the  floor  before  the  altar 
of  Thomas  the  martyr. 

12.   Martcr  Symon  de  Ascellis  came  after  him,   a  man  emi- 
nent for  learning    and   eloquence.      While  he  wore  the  fecular 
habit,   he  took  a  capital  degree  in  arts  at  Oxford,   and  was  after- 
wards made  profefTor  of  civil  law  in  Cambridge  *.      He  was  w'ell 
known,   and  much  refpecfed  amongft  the  nobility.     He  took  the 
habit  of  a  canon  regular  in  a  fit  ot  ficknefs,   after  which  he  con- 
tinued in,   and  proceeded   according"  to  the   ftated  rules  of  the 
houfe,  and  in  every  ftation  behaved  himlelf  fo  agreeably  and  to  the 
good  liking  of  the  whole  focicty,   that,  upon  Jolan's  refignation, 
they  thought  him  the  propereit  i:!erfon  to  be   their  prior,   and 

'   1266,  Willis. 

Jolanus,  prior  of  Barnwell,  being  robbed  at  Wygenhale,  in  the  county  of  Norfollc, 
by  the  fervants  of  Sir  Wni.  Bardulf,  fled  to  the  abbey  of  Dereham  ;  but  the  fan 
and  heir  of  VVm.  Bardulf  favoured  the  canons  of  Barnwell. 

1237.  Part  of  the  church  of  Barnwell  was  burnt,  and  Robert  de  Fulburne  was 
a  great  benefador  to  Barnwell  abbey,  for  whom  a  canon  celebrates  mals. 

MS.  note  Kmnct,  in  Monaft.  Angl.  1.  c. 

^  Tempore  reffandi  erat  negotiorum  crucis  Chrifli  executor  et  vacante  fede  ex 
parte  regis  cuftos  archicpatus  Eborac'.  We  give  this  in  the  words  of  the  tranfcriber. 

accordingly 


OFBARNWELLABBEY.  55 

accordingly  they  unanimoufly  chofe  him  into  that  high  llation. 
Hugh  tie  Ballham,  bi(hop  of  Ely,  was  very  well  pkaicci  with 
this  piomoticn  of  -nraller  Symon,  who  was  at  the  fame  time  liis 
official,   and  gladly  confirmed  him  prior. 

It  is  remarkable,  that  he  took  the  habit  upon  the  day  of  the 
tranflation  of  St.  Auguilin,  viz.  i  ith  of  October  ;  and  on  the 
fame  day,  ten  years  after,  he  was  chofen  prior,  and  inilalled  oa- 
St.  Luke's  day  by  the  archdeacon  of  Ely. 

Prior  Symon  was  apprehended,  with  feveral  others,  in  the 
2 2d  year  of  king  Edward  I.  upon  fufpicion  of  being  concerned^ 
in  the  plot  againft  the  government,  upon  the  information  of 
John  Lewyn,  a  canon  of  Barnwell ;  but  the  prior,  and  all  the 
reil:,  were  acquitted,  excepting  William  Wlwy  and  Robert  Meflbw, 
who  was  found  guilty.. 

He  continued  prior  fomething  better  than  30  years,  and  then,. 
being  in  a  manner  worn  out  by  okl  age,  he  refigned  his  prior- 
fhip,  and  had  a  competent  provifion  alFigned  him.  He  refigned 
into  the  hands  of  the  bifliop  of  Ely  about  the  Feaft  of  St. 
John  Baptift,  anno  1297,  and  died  before  that  year  was  ex- 
pired, and  was  burled  in  the  floor  before  the  altar  of  St.  Ka- 
therine,  in  an  honourable  manner,  by  his  fuccelFor  Benedict  de 
VVelton,  13th  prior  of  this  church,  elected  13  July,  1297, 
with  whom  the  regiil:er  ends  '. 

25  Ed.  I.  [1297]  20  June.  Licence  to  elect  a  prior  of  Barn- 
well on  the  resignation  of  Simon  de  Afcell.  The  king  confented 
to  tlie  eled:ion  of  Benedict  de  Welton,  June  26.  The  tempo- 
ralities were  reftored  July  3. 

9.  Ed.  II.  [1316]  The  king  being  advifed  of  the  ceffion  of 
Benedi6t  de  Welton,  prior  of  St.  Giles,  Barnwell,  granted  liczriQG. 
to  eledf. 

*  Fuller  in  his  Hiflory  of  Cambridge  mentions  one  Thomas  to  have  been  prior 
in  1235;  but  this  leems  a  miftake,  tor  if  there  was  any  luch  prior,  1  juJge  it  was 
ra.her  1325,  or  1335.     Willis. 

Dec. 


;30  T  H  E     H  I  S  T  O  H  V     A  N  D     A  N  T  I  qjj  I  T  I  E  S 

Dec.  3/FuLK,  elei5\e<l  prior  of  the  church  of  St.  Giles, 
'Barnwell,  had  a  pardon  for  his  tranTgreffion  in  prcfelnting  his 
eleilion  for  confirmation  to  the  billiop  of  Ely  before  the  king 
had  given  his  confcnt,  and  the  king  required  that  within  a  month 
Jstrers  patent  from  the  king  fliould  be  procured  for  this  purpofe. 
For  tliis  favoui',  the  prior  charged  himfelf  before  the  king  in 
■the  celebration  of  7  folemn  maffes  within  the  year  in  this  church 
for  tlie^  profperous  Hate  of  the  king  and  realm,  and  the-  tem- 
poralities were  reftored  to  him. 

Fulco  occurs  prior  of  Barnwell,  28  Sept.  8  Edward  II.  1324  '. 

3  Ed.  HI.  [1330]  23  Jan.  Licence  to  eleft  a  prior  of  Barn- 
%vell  on  the  death  of  Fulk. 

4  Ed.  III.  Feb.  9.  The  king  confented  to  the  ele6lion  of 
brother  John  de  Quye,  or,  as  fome  read  it,  Oxney  %  canon  of 
Ely,  prior  of  Barnwell.  The  temporalities  were  reltored  March  22. 

1345*  3  non  Apr.  licence  to  ele6t  John  de  Brunne,  prior, 
on  the  death  of  John  de  Queye,  and  John  de  Brunne  was 
eledled    10  kal.  Dec.  1340  ^ 

23  Ed.  III.  [1350]  I  Jul.  Alan,  prior  of  Ely,  confirmed  the 
-ele6lion  of  brother  Ralph  de  Norton  or  Northampton,  prior 
of  Barnwell,   and  the  king  reftored  the  temporalities. 

In  September  1388,  Richard  II.  came  to  the  priory  and 
lield  a  parliament  there,  which  by  all  authors  is  faid  to  be  held 
at  Cambridge  ;  and  indeed  fo  it  was,  for  Barnwell  is  a  parifh 
in  Cambridge.      Here    it  was,   that   the  faid    king  delivered   all 

'   Statutes  of  Michael  Iloiife,  penes  Trin.  coll.  Camb. 

^  i,;{45,  18  kal.  Jan.  mortuo  Jo.  de  Oxney,  priore  Barnewelle,  elegitur  John  de 
Brunne.     Bidiop  of  Ely's  Regifter. 

'  Obiit  John  de  Quye,  et  eleftus  John  de  Brunne,  10  kal.  Dec.  1345. 

John  de  Brunne  occurs  in  the  bifliop  of  Ely's  Regiller,  1345,  1346.  1348.  Sept. 

9-  P-  3-  Jf'^^- 

1345,  4  non  J.in.  licentia  Joh'  de  Brunne,   priori,  celebrandi   divina  in  oracoriis 

iL'is  infr  1  aiancria  fua  et  redtpriis  fibi  appropr'  in  dioc'  El',  &c. 

the 


OF    BARNWELL     ABBEY.  57 

the  temporalities  of  the  bidiopric  of  Ely  to  John  Fordham, 
whom  he  had  preferred  to  that  fee,  vacant  by  the  tranllation  of 
Thomas  de  Arundel  to  York.  Fordham  was  much  in  favour 
with  Richard  II.  who  had  made  him  lord  treafurer,  Jan.  17, 
1586,  but  removed  him  from  that  office  at  the  inflance  of  the 
parliament  in  Oi^ober  following.  Pope  Urban  XVII.  tranflated 
him  to  Ely,  which  was  confidered  as  a  fort  of  degradation,  but 
he  was  forced  to  accept  it,  having  received  the  pope's  bull,  Sept. 
27,  1388,  at  Huntingdon,  in  his  way  to  attend  the  parliament  at 
Cambridge.  The  fame  day  he  made  his  profeffion  of  obe- 
dience to  the  fee  of  Piome  in  the  choir  or  chancel  of  the  con- 
ventual church  of  Barnwell,  before  archbiihop  Courtney,  who 
was  commiffioned  to  receive  it  '. 

The  nation  was  in  too  great  a  ferment  for  the  king  to  grant 
the  petition  of  the  commons  that  he  would  call  another  par- 
liament the  fame  year,  13S8;  but  he  fummoned  one  to  meet 
after  Candlemas-day  following,  at  Cambridge  %  where  his  per- 
fon  was  more  fecure  than  at  London.  The  minds  of  men  were 
by  this  time  fo  well  fettled,  that,  by  a  general  concurrence  of  the 
members  of  both  houfes,  feveral  good  laws  were  enaited  for  the 
public  good.  The  commons  likevvife  granted  half  a  fifteenth, 
and  the  clergy  half  a  tenth,  for  the  war  with  Scotland  ^  They 
met  in  craflina  j^ativilatis  B.  F.  1399  '^. 

In  this  parliament  diverfe  ftatutes  were  ordained ;  as,  for  the 
limiting  of  fervants  wages,  punilliment  of  vagrants,  inhibiting 
certain  perfons  to  wear  weapons,  debarring  unlawful  games, 
maintenance  of  fhooting  with  the  long  bow,  removing  the  ftaple 
of  wool  from  Middleburgh  to  Calais,  for  labourers  not  to  be  re- 
ceived but  where  they  are  inhabiting,   except  with  licence  under 

'   Ikntham's  Ely,  p.   166.  ex  regifi.ro  Fordham. 

'■  There  is  only  the  writ  for  fammcning  the  p,"cr3  to  this  par'ianv^nt  ar  C.imbriJge, 
dated  frcm  O.iford,  July  10,  in  Cotton's  Abridgement.     Parliamentury  Hift.  I.  441. 
*  Car.e,  II.  s^)^.  "  Knyghton,  c.   27 zj. 

I  the 


^8  THE    HISTORY     AND     ANTIQUITIES 

the  feaLof  the  hundred  where  they  dwell.  There  w^as  alfo  an  a6l 
made  that  none  fliould  go  forth  out  of  the  realm  to  purchafe  any 
benefice  with  or  without  cure,  except  by  licence  obtained  of  the 
kinp-;  and  if  tliey  did  contrary  thereto,  they  were  to  be  excluded 
out  of  the  king's  protection.  All  thefe  are  printed  at  large  in 
French,  in  Knighton,  c.  2729.  In  this  parliament,  John  Holland 
the  king's  maternal  brother   was  created  earl  of  Huntingdon  '. 

During  the  fitting  of  this  parliament.  Sir  Thomas  Trivet 
riding  towards  Barnwell  with  the  king,  who  lodged  there,  fpur- 
ring  his  horfe  too  much,  the  horfe  fell  witli  him  fo  violently  to 
the  ground,  that  his  entrails  were  to  burft  and  perifhed  within 
him,  that  he  died  next  day.  Many  rejoiced  at  his  death,  he 
being  efteemed  a  proud  man,  as  well  as  fufpe6led  of  unfair  deal- 
ings with  the  bifhop  of  Norwich  in  his  journey  into  Flanders. 
But  the  chief  reafon  of  his  being  hated  was,  becaufe  he  ii:ood 
by  the  king  againll  the  lords,  and  counfelled  him  the  year  before 
to  difpatch  them  out  of  the  way  ". 

Bifliop  Fordham  appointed  Jan.  2,  1388,  the  prior  and  con- 
vent of  Ely  to  receive  the  firrt  moiety  of  tenths  granted  by  the 
clergy  in  the  priory  of  Canterbury,  provided  the  king  was 
obliged  to  go  out  of  the  kingdom  in  perfon  for  the  defence  of 
the  realm  and  church  of  England  ^ 

1420,  March  8,  he  ordained  deacon  John  Gar,  of  York,  M.  A. 
by  letters  demiflbry,  ad  titulum  prior  et  conv.  de  Bernewelle  '^. 

In  the  return  of  all  the  patrons  and  valuation  of  livings  in 
Ely  diocefe  to  billiop  Fordham,  1402,  is  the  following  cer- 
tificate of  John  prior  of  Barnwell,  and  his  convent,  dated 

8  kal',  Auguft  that  year  K 

'  ViraR.  II.  p.  106. 

"  \Vairingham,335    IloHlnfheJ,  If.  ^65. 

3  Rcgirt.  Kordhain,  fol.    <;.  a. 

A  Ibid.  fol. 1 08.  b. 

5  Ibid.  fol.  13^.    b. 

Vicaria 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY. 


^  Sti  Edwardi,  Cantebr',  Elienf  dioc', 
Sti  Sepulchri,  cjufd'  dioc', 
Meiddyngle,  ejufd'  dioc', 
Ciimbcrton,  ejuld'  dioc', 
Caldecot,  cjuld'  dioc', 
Brunne,  ejuld'  dioc', 
Vicaria  <(    Crawden,  ejufd'  dioc', 
Tadelowe,  ejuld' dice', 
Morden,  ejufd'  dioc', 
Hynxton,  ejufd'  dioc', 
Harlefton,  ejufd'  dioc', 
Waterbeche,  ejuld'  dioc', 

"^  Wenden,  Lend'  dioc'. 


59 


^  Sti  Edwardi,  Cantebr',  Elienf  dioc',  val'  x  m. 

"~ OS. 

cs. 

viii  .m 

cs. 

xti. 

cs. 

cs. 

xti. 

cs. 

xm. 

,     , ,  xm. 

^  Wenden,  Lend'  dioc',  xs. 


Ralph  de  Norton  prefented  to  Waterbeche,  1389  '. 
John  Barnewell,   1392,  to  July  23,    1408  ". 
In   1397  he  was  fummoned  to  convocation  ^;   again,  1402  ^; 
1406  5 ;    23  July  1408  ^ 

William  Downe,  Jan,  14,  1408  ^ 

John  Poket,  1444,  died  Aug.  28,  1464,  fuccentor,  1464  *. 

In  his  time  there  was  a  fire  at  Chefterton  '. 

'  Reg.  Fordham. 

^  1392.  Epus  concefTit  fratri  Joh'  de  Bernvvell,  priori  eccte  conventualis  de  Bern- 
well,  licentiam  audiendi  divina  in  oratoriis  five  capellis  fuis  infra  maneria  Jiia  qua-- 
cunque  intra  noilra  dioc'  exiflentia,  adeo  ut  non  fie  ad  nocumentum  ccclefiarum 
parochialium.     Ibid. 

1392.  Epus  conceffit  priori  et  conventui  licenc'  dimittendi  fruflus  ecclefiarum 
fuarum  ad  firmam  ad  bene  placitum  diii.     Bifliop  of  Ely's  Regiftcr. 

3  Reg.  Fordham,  f.  io8.  a.  ■*  Ibid.  f.  134.  b. 

'  Ibid.  f.  148.  *  Ibid. 

'  He  was  fummoned  to  convocation,  Jan.  14,  1408.  Reg.  Fordham,  f.  171.  b. 

T402,  the  bilhop  direded  his  letters  to  John  Judde  his  ofHcial,  and  to  Edm. 
Totyngton  facrifl  of  Eiv,  impowering  them  to  hear  and  take  cognizr.nce  of  the 
crimes  objedted  againil  Robert  de  Huntyngton,  a  canon  of  Barnwell  ;  to  free  him 
if  he  be  found  innocent;  and  if  he  appear  guilty,  de  criminibus  veroji  convi£lus  fuerit^ 
in  perpetuam  c^rcereni  mancipandus,  &:c.     Bifliop  of  Ely's  Regifter. 

Nov.  15,  1403,  Edmund  Totyngton,  returned  anfwer,  that  he  fat  in  judgement 
on  it  in  the  cathedral  chOrch  of  Ely,  and  that  nobody  appeared  againft  him.     Ibid. 

'  Reg.  Grey,  ep.  El.  fol.  142.     See  his  eleflion  in  Appendix.     N"  I. 

'  A.  D.   1463.  Incendium  apud  Chefterton.  Baker's  MSS. 

I   2  John 


6o  THE     HISTORY     AND     ANTIQUITIES 

John  Whaddon?  vicar  of  Waterbeche,  eleded  Sept.  24,  1464, 
refigned  Nov.  10,   1474  '. 

WiLLi.'\M  Tebald,  or  TiiiBAUD,  eleded  Nov.  26,  1474.  He 
was  canon  1454  ",   and  rab4')rior  the  fame  vear,  and  till  1474  *. 

John  Leverington,  praecentor  1474,  chofen  1489  ^^  w^as 
prior  of  Barnwell,  8  fienry  VII.  [1517J  as  appears  by  an  old  in- 
denture made  upon  the  eKchange  of  three  roods  of  land  with 
Michael  Houfe  in  Cambridge  K 

8  Henry  VIII.  William  Rayson,  alias  Cambrigge,  occurs 
prior  of  Barnwell,  and  alfo  19    Henry  VII. 

Thomas  Cambridge,  alias  Rawlyn,  was  prior  of  Barnwell, 
Jan.  ao,  14  Henry  VIII.  [1523]  as  appears  by  an  old  arbitration 
between  him  and  the  Mailer  of  King's  Hall,  concerning  the  tythe 
of  a  certain  clofe  called  the  Sale  on  the  right-hand  beyond  the 
Caftle  in  the  way  to  Chefterton  \ 

'  He  was  fu.nmoncd  fo  convocanon  in  1452,  Reg.  Bourgchler,  fol.  39,  1444. 
lb.  f.  64.  1.^60.  1462,  146^  Reg.  Cra)^,  Tub  annis,  1468.  1^.70,  1471,  1472.  lb. 
He  was  prefident  at  BiQiop  Gray's  Infcallation. 

*  See  Reo;i(l;er  fub  anno.  Reg.  Gray,  ep.  El.  ful.  i  ^y.  b.  See  his  cleftion  in 
Appejidix,  N°  II. 

5  Computus  de  Bcrnewell,  At  this  time,  Thomas  Gates  was  cellarer ;  John 
VVifbich,  granator  and  cellerar;  Richard  Fulburne,  facrift  i  Tho.  Bernard;  Tho. 
Foke,  prascentor;  Nic.  Cngge  ;  John  Soham,  coquinarius ;  John  Poket,  fuccentor -, 
John  Cambridge;  John  Refham  ;  In  1474,  William  Tibald  was  fub-prior-,  Nic. 
Cagge  ;  William  Bowman-,  Williati  Mafley  ;  John  Leverington,  pra^centor ;  John 
Trough,  faciift  ;  Robert  Saham.  He  was  fummoned  to  convocation  in  1474.  Reg. 
Gray. 

*  1489.  Jt)hes  epos  Elienf,  archidiac  Elienf,  &c.  fakitem.  Cum  nos  fratr* 
]ohem  Levervngton,  canonicum  monafl;'  feu  prioratus  de  Bernwell  ordinis  Sti  Au- 
guftini  in  priorem  ejafd'  monaft'  elcdlum  aui^oritate  nofira  ordinaria  confirmavimus, 
vobis  tr.anJamus  quatenus  didtum  Jotiem  Leveryngton  inducatis,  &c.  Dae'  Sep'  i, 
1489.  Exrrad'  e  regr  vet'  Elienl'  voc'  le  Black  Book. 

Inltallatus  fuit  Sept.  3.  1489.     Solut'  pro  inftallatione  fua  5I.  &c. 

He  affillcd  at  the  inllallation  of  Morton,  bifhop  of  Kly,  Aug.  29,  1479,  and 
fat  at  his  right  hand  at  his  public  dinner  at  the  high  Ices.  Bentham's  Hiftory  of 
Ely,  p.  179-     Appendix,  p.  :6  *. 

'    Penes  'I'rin.  cull,  ibidem.  Reg   cp.  Elienf.   15 '4.  ^S^l' 

*  Ex  anticp  indent,  penes  Trin.  coll. 

Nicholas 


O  F    B  A  R  N  W  I!  L  I.     A  B  B  E  f .  6  r 

Nicholas  Smith,  not  coming  into  Henry  VlH's  meafures,  was 
forced  to  refign  his  priory,  1534,  as  appears  by  the  following 
record,  which,  being  a  large  and  early  ftretch  of  the  fupremacy, 
is  inferted  here  from  bilhop  Goodrich  of  Ely's  regirter  from 
Browne  Willis,  p.   4. 

Hcnricus  Oflavus,  Dei  gratia,  Angllffi  e-t  Francis  rex,  fidci  defenfor,  domi'.ius 
Hibernise,  ac  totius  ecclcfia;  Angl'  tunc  fynodi  tunc  parliamt-nti  audtoiitate  (upre- 
mum  caput,  reverendo  in  Chrifto  patri  ThomE  permiffione  divina  Eiicnli  epiicopo 
falutem  :  Sciatis  quod  eledtionem  nuper  fadam  in  monafterio  five  prioratu  noftro  de 
Barnewell,  veftrje  dioc',  per  liberam  refignationem  domini  Nicholai  Smith,  ultimi 
prioris  loci  illius,  in  manus  noftras  fafta  et  audoritate  nollram  admiffa  vacari  de 
provide  ec  defcreto  vero  domino  Johanne  Badcock,  didli  loci  canonico  in  priorem 
loci  illius  regium  aflenfum  adhibuimus  et  favorem.  Qiiocicra  vobis,  tenore  pre- 
fentium,  tnandatnus  quatinus  elcdlionem  hujufmodi  auftoritate  velira  ordinarie 
in  forma  debiter  confirmare,  ratificare  et  comprobare  vcliiis  cum  favore  :  alioqum 
veftra  precedente  negligentia  defectum  vcllram  nos  uti  fupremum  caput  ecciefije 
prasdidtie  auftoritate  nollra  fupplere  curabimus.  In  cujusrei  teilimonium  has  literas 
jioftras  fieri  fecimus  patentes.  Tefle  meipfo  apud  Weftm',  Nov.  24,  anno  regtii 
vicefimo  fexto.  Per  breve  de  privato  figillo,  et  de  data  predida,  aut^oritate  parlia- 
menti.  Crbmv/ell. 

By  virtue  of  which  patent,  John  Badcock  being  conftituted 
prior,  and  prefented  Nov.  24,  1534,  continued  till  the  diflb- 
lution,  when  yielding  up  his  convent,  Nov.  8,  1589,  with  6 
of  his  monks,  he  obtained  a  penfion  of  61.  per  ann.  which  he 
enjoyed  1551,  as  did  his  predecefTor  Smith  a  penfion  of  20I. 
per  ann.  when  there  was  likewife  paid  in  annuities  81.  out  of  the 
revenues  of  the  late  convent,  befiides  the  following  penfions  to 
Richard  Arnham  61.  6s.  8d.  Robert  Wyfe  5I.  6s.  8d.  Edward 
Balle  5I.   6s.  8d. ' 

This 

r 

'  I  Mary.  Inter  annuitates  et  pentioncs  exeunt'  de  diverfis  nuper  monafteriis  et 
prioratibus  in  com'  Cant',  prout  in  computo  Johis  Ayre,  arm',  auditoris  iBm,  dc 
anno  primo  reginse  Marine,  patct : 

Barnwell 


it.  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTI  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

This  prior  Badcock,  after  the  diflblution  of  his  monaftery, 
and  the  death  of  John  Lacy  and  his  wife  (who  had  taken  a 
leafe  of  the  lands  and  tithes  belonging  to  tlie  faid  diflblved 
abbey  in  the  fields  of  Cambridge  and  Barnwell,  of  king  Henry 
VIII.)  took  the  fame  leafe,  and  farmed  the  faid  tithes  and  lands, 
as  appears  above. 

He  was  the  lail  prior  of  Barnwell,  and  died  about  the  2d  of 
queen  Elizabeth,  as  appears  by  depofitions  taken  upon  a  chan- 
cery fuit  for  Great  St.  Mary's  tithes  between  Trinity  College  and 
WorthinQ,ton  '. 

The  inltallation  of  the  prior  of  Barnwell  was  referved  to  the 
archdeacon  of  Ely  ^ 

By  agreement  between  the  bifliop  and  prior  of  Ely,  141  7,  the 
fub-prior  of  Ely  was  to  come  to  the  yearly  fynod  of  the  diocefe 
held  in  the  priory  K 

To  this  priory  belonged  in  Ely  diocefe  in  the  county  of 
Cambridge  the  vicarages  of 

Comberton. 
Harlejlone. 
Bourne.     ' 


Barnwell 

niipcr 
monalV. 


/^ 


I 


^Robert!  Warmington,  per  ann' 
j  William  Cook,  per  aim' 
Annuitates  <  Gregory  R.char.ifon,  per  ann' 
j  Lodov    Walter,  per  ann. 
:  Rog.  Cholmeley,  ratis,  per  ann. 

Summa  81. 
/'Ivonis  Badcock,  per  ann.     60]. 
I  Nich.  Smith,  per  ann.  20I. 

p    — .        J  R.oberti  Wyfe,  per  ann. 

I  Richard  Arnham,  per  ann.     61. 
;  Edward  Ball,  per  ann. 


\ 


Penes  Trin.  coll. 
Bencham's  Ely,  p.  270, 
Ibid.  /\ppendix,  p.  28 


Summa  ujixvi  I. 


^os. 

20s. 

5P' 

4d. 

26s. 

8d. 

20s. 


ic6s.  8d. 

6s.  8d. 

1 06s.  8d. 


Caldecote. 


O  F    B  A  R  N  W  E  I.  L    A  B  B  E  Y.  63 

Caldecotc. 

Hinxton. 

Stow  St.  Mary  with  ^i  curacy  '. 

St.  Andrew's  Barnwell  curacy,  or  the  leffer  parhli  of  St.  Andrew 
in  Cambridge. 

St.  Giles  in  Cambridge,  united  with  St.  Peter's  by  the  Caftlc, 
a  curacy. 

St.  Edward's  recftory  inC^/z^/Jr/V^^was  appropriated  to  this  priory, 
and  a  vicarage  endowed,  to  which  they  prefented  from  1346  to 
1445,  when  they  granted  it  with  that  of  the  new  diffolved  church 
of  St.  John  Zachary,  to  the  king  \ 

The  prior  prefented  to  St.  Sepulchre's  vicarage,  1396  and 
1406  ^ 

Crawden  "•. 

King/ton  K 

Madingky. 

Melton  alias  Midleton, 

'  They  had  the  churches  of  St.  John  and  St.  Edward  in  Cambridge,  till  at  the 
defire  of  king  Henry  VI.  they  made  them  over  to  Trinity  College,  in  exchange  for 
which  he  gave  them  Stowe  Qtii,  which  the  provoft  and  fellows  of  King's  College, 
Cambridge,  had  given  to  the  king,  35  Henry  VI.  Blomfield  Coll.  Cantab,  p,  2^7. 
The  inftrument  of  appropriation,  printed  in  the  Appendix,  N=  III.  fets  forth, 
that  the  pulling  down  the  houfes  to  build  King's  College  had  reduced  their 
revenues. 

'  Blomf.  Coll.  Cantab,  p.  85. 

'  Blomf.  ib.  p.  79. 

After  the  order  of  Knights  Templars  was  diffolved,  1313,  the  advowfon  of  St. 
Sepulchre's  church  was  given  to  the  priory  of  Barnwell,  at  which  time  I  ap- 
prehend the  church  was  raifed  a  ftory  higher  for  the  reception  of  bells,  a  id  the 
chancel  was  then  added  and  dedicated  to  St.  Andrew,  the  patron  of  Barnwell 
priory,  in  which  the  prefentation  continued  until  that  houfe  was  diffolved  by  Henry 
yill.     Mr.  Eflex,  in  Archseologia,  vol.  VI,   176. 

*  They  prefented  to  it  1389.     Reg.  Fordliam. 

^  Pr.  Barnwell  patronus  erat  eccl'  Sci  Johis  et  Sci  Edwardi  in  Camb',  quas  conceflit 
Coll'  five  Aula;  Sanfta-  Trinitatis,  an.  1444,  ideoque  iidem  appropriata  eft  eccta 
de  Kyngfton.     See  the  Appropriation  of  the  church,  Appendix,  N"  IV. 

3  Water- 


<J4  THE    HISTORY     AND    ANTI  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

Waterbeach. 

Gilden  Morden. 

I'adloiv. 
In  Effex. 

Wendon  magna  vicarage. 

See  a  lill:  of  the  churches  belonging  to  this  priory  in  Ely 
diocefe,   Appendix,  N"  V. 

In  1402  John  Bernweli,  prior  of  Barnwell,  certified  that  the 
patronage  of  his  priory  was  By t ton  redtory  in  Lincoln  diocefe  '. 

The  poor  ftate  of  the  priory  is  reprefented  in  order  to  get 
appropriations,  of  the  church  of  Kyngston,  1446,  and  that  of 
Stow  ^ioy,  1478.  Of  the  former,  fee  Pat.  16  H.  VI.  p.  1 .  m.  17. 
Pat.  24  H.  VI.  p.  I.  m.  2.  24.  and  28.  and  of  the  latter,  Pat.  35 
H.  VI.  p.  2.  m.  4.  and  7. 

It  appears  from  a  decree  of  the  court  of  Augmentations,  that 
the  vicar  of  Hinxton,  in  the  county  of  Cambridge,  and  his 
predecelTors,  have  enjoyed  one  annual  penfion  of  40s.  payable 
out  of  the  poffcflions  of  the  late  priory  of  Barnwell,  in  the  faid 
countv,  now  diffolved ;  and  it  was  ordained  and  decreed  by 
the  chancellor  of  the  court  of  Augmentations  the  9th  of  Fe- 
bruary, 34  Henry  VIII.  that  the  now  vicar  of  Hynxton  fliall 
have  and  enjoy  the  faid  atmual  penfion,  to  be  yearly  paid  by  the 
hands  of  the  bayliffs,  or  receiver  of  the  iffues,  revenues,  and 
profits  of  the  faid  late  priory. 

The  redory  of  Laj^dbeach  was  appropriated  to  them  by 
William  Longchamp,  bifliop  of  Ely,  and  confirmed  by  his  fuc- 
ceffor,  Euftace,  about  1200.  The  prior's  portion  was  taxed  at 
il.  and  the  goods  at  4I.    2s.  6d.    1290  % 

The  college  of  Corpus  Chritti  purchafed  the  manor  with  the 
advowfoa  of  the  redlory,  33  Ed.  III.   ^ 

•  Blomf.  Coll.  Cantab,  p.  17c. 

^  Hiftory  of  Corpus  Chnili  coll.  Append.  20.  ^  Ibid.  22 — 24. 

Licence 


OF  Barnwell   abbey.  jC^ 

Licence  to  grant  the  advowfon  of  St.  Botulph's  church  in 
Cambridge  to  the  mafter  and  fcholars  of  Corpus  Chriiti  College 
for  4  marks  rent  in  Cambridge.  Cart.  i8  E.  IIL  n.  4.  Pat. 
27  E.  IIL  p.  2.  m.  9.  The  prior  and  convent  of  Barnwell  had 
been  pofTeft  of  this  recftory  from  the  time  of  Euftace,  biiliop  of 
Ely,  1197,  who  appropriated  it  to  that  convent,  referving  only  a 
Itipend  to  the  vicar,  and  were  in  1353  empowered  to  transfer 
all  their  right  therein  to  Corpus  Chrifti  College,  by  licence  from 
the  bifliop,  on  condition  they  paid  them  4  marks  annually  for 
the  fame,  which  payment  was  made  regularly  till  the  mafterfliip 
of  Botwright,  1450  ;  when,  on  an  omiliion  of  4  years,  a  warm 
conteft  arofe  betwixt  them,  which  was  at  length  agreed  to  be  re- 
ferred to  John  Fray,  chief  baron  of  the  Exchequer,  William 
Lichefield,  and  Gilbert  Worthington,  clerks,  who,  after  infpcft- 
ing  their  writings,  determined  the  payment  fhould  be  continued, 
and  that  the  convent  fliould  deliver  up  to  them  all  their  evi- 
dences relating  thereto,  and  aflift  them  as  much  as  poffible  irl 
getting  it  appropriated  to  the  college.  However,  inftead  of  this, 
the  college  were  advifed  to  buy  off  this  penfion,  which  they  did 
for  100  marks,  1459,  and  fold  the  advowfon  to  Queen's  college 
for  80,  referving  to  themfelves  only  the  liberty  of  making  ufe  of 
this  church  as  often  as  they  fliould  have  occalion,  and  as  they 
were  obliged  to  do  by  ftatute.  The  Hail  of  the  Annunciation  had 
procured  the  patronage  of  this  church  for  this  college,  1553) irt 
exchange  for  fome  lands  which  bifliop  Bateman  wanted,  to  finiflli 
Gonville's  foundation  of  his  college  :  the  bifliop  dying  the  next 
year,  his  college  refufed  to  confent;  but  the  difpute  was  ter- 
minated by  their  agreeing  to  pay  40  marks  in  Heu  of  all  damage^- 
and  for  the  prefervation  of  peace  '. 

'  Mafters's   Hiftory  of  Corpus   Chriiti  Collegej  ip,  20,.    Sec  the   agreement 
in  the  Appendix  thereto,  N-  vi.  p.  i^:^. 

JC  Corpus 


66  THE     FlISTORY     AND    A  N  T  TQ^U  I  TI  E  S 

Corpus  Cbrifti  college  had,  37  Henry  VIII.  in  reddit.  et 
firmis  in  Bernewell,   per  ann.  liiis.   ivd.  ' 

Of  their  tithes  in  Waterbeach,  fee  Cart.  13  E.  I.  n.  8a. 
Rec.  in  Scacc.  17  E.  I.  Paich.  Rot.  Pat.  20  E.  I.  m.  Plac.  in 
com.  Cart.    27  E.  I.   Affil".  rot.  i.  d. 

Concerning  their  lands  in  Waterbeche  and  Gilden  Morden,. 
fee  Pat.  17   Rich.  IL  p.  2.   m.  23. 

A  penfion  of  los.   out  of  Caldecot '. 

A  portion  of  tithes  at  Bottefliara,  taxed  at   2s.  ^ 

Portions  of  tithes  were  given  them  by  Picot,  in  Trumpington,, 
Gretton,    Hafiieton,    Rampton,    Lohvorth,  Trurapington,    Haf- 
lingfield,    Harlefton,    Everefden,    Toft,     Kingiton,,   Wimpole  \. 
Crawden,    Hatley,.  Pampifworth,  and  Aldwinckl-e. 

They  had  a  portion  in  Grantcheiter  vicarage  -. 

The  prior  of  Barnwell's  temporalities  at  Barton  near  Cam-- 
bridge  were  valued  at  13I..  i6s.  8d.  and  he  had  a  portion  of  tithes 
there  value  3s.  ^ 

He  was  taxed  at  the  rate  of  61.  135.  4d.  for  the  church  of  St.. 
peter  and  St.  Giles,  Cambridge  '. 

He  prefented  to  the  vicarage  of  Chefterton,  1408  ^ 

1377,  Nov.  17.  Commiffio  d'ni  ep'i  Elienf  ad  admittendum 
Joh'em  de  Norton  ad  vicariam  S'ti  Joh'is  in  le  Mylne-ftrete, 
Cantebr.  ad  prefentat.  prioriset  conv.  de  Bernewell  '. 

1396.   Fr.  Johannes  Afliefold,  S.  T.  P.  canonicus  de  Barn-- 
well,  prefentatus  per  priore.ra  de  Barnwell,  ad  vicar'  Sci'  Joh'  in 
Milleftrete,   Cantab"^ 

'  Mailers'  Hid.  of  Corpus  Chrifti  College,  Appendix,  p.  44. 

Blomf.  Col!.  Cantab.  4.  5.  '  Ibid.  28. 

^  See  a  difpuce  between  the  prior  of  Barnwell  and  the  reclor  of  Wimpole  about 
the  portion  of  tithes,  1404,  in  biftop  Fordham's  Regifter. 

5  Hillory  of  Corpus  Chrifti  College,  Append.  14.  Blomf.  Coll.  Cantab,  p.  229. 

Blomf.  Coll.  Cantab.  31.  '  Ibid  34. 

Ibid.  64.  "^  Reg.  Arundel,  fol,  25- 

'°  C.  Reg.  Fordham,  p.  102.  b. 

1407, 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  67 

1407,  Jan.  20.  Tho.  Braflington,  canon  of  Barnwell,  ad- 
mitted by  bifliop  Fordham  '. 

Ralph  de  Waterville  gave,  and  William  Fitz  Otho,  who^mar- 
ried  his  niece,  confirmed  to  them,  the  advowfon  of  the  church 
of  Berton  in  Kefteven  (Burton  Strather  \) 

Euftace  Picot,   4  R.  I.  gave  them  lands   m   Maddingley  \ 

■  Blomfeld  ex  regro  epi  El'. 

'  Carta  Willielmi  filii  Ottonis,  de  advocatione  ecclefi'je  de  Beitone, 

"  Sciant  priefentes  et  futiiri  quod  ego  V/illielmus  filius  Otonis  con.ceffi  et  Iiac 
niea  carta  contirmavi  Deo  et  ecclefise  Sci  Egidii  de  Bernewell  et  canonicis  ejufd* 
]oci  advocationem  eccte  de  Bertona  in  Ketltevene  qiiam  Radulphus  de  Watervill 
avunculus  uxoris  mese  Matildas  eis  donavit  et  Matilda  de  Diva  mater  ejufdem 
Matilda  uxoris  me^  carta  lua  eis  confirmavit.  His  teftibus ;  Hugone  de  Diva, 
"Roberto  Guz,  Willielmo  de  Ears,  Baldewino  de  Sco  Georgio,  Siveftro  perfona 
de  Ceft.  (q.  Cheftertcn).  .  .  .  ,  de  Whitfand,  Roberto  de  Chantelu,  Richardo 
filio  Wiliiclmi,  Symone  filio  Willielmi,  Willielmo  de  Chaune."  Ex  autog'  in  coll. 
regali  Cantab.  Mon.  Ang.  11.  31.  To  this  deed  was  probably  appendant  the  feal 
engraved  in  the  Hiflory  of  the  Spalding  Society,  in  our  N°  XX.  p.  63. 

Carta  Afcelinae  de  Watervilla. 
Afcelina  de  Watervilla  omnibus  hominibus  et  amicis  fuis  Francis  et  Anglis  tatri 
prslcntibus  (]uam  futuris  falutem.  Noverit  univerfuas  veftra  me  conceiriile  et  hac 
mea  carta  confirnialTe  Deo  et  ecclefix  fanfti  Egidii  de  Bernevvelle  et  canonicis  ejuf- 
dem loci  donationem  fratris  mei  Radulfi  de  Watervilla  quam  fecit  eidem  ecclefias 
et  canonicis  de  advocatione  ecclelia;  de  Bertone  in  Ketltevene,  et  carta  fua  eis 
confirmavit:  volo  ergo  ut  earn  habeant  quantum  ad  me  et  hceredes  meos  pertinet 
libere  et  quiete  in  puram  elemoCnam  pro  falute  animje  mes  et  pro-animabus  ante- 
celTorum  meorura  et  pro  anima  prienomin.^ti  Radulfi  fratris  mei,  quem  bona  et 
pura  devotione  ptcEdiftam  donationem  eis  fecifle  novi.  His  teftibus:  Radulfo  facer- 
dote  de  Hingitflitunc,  Martino  facerdote  de  Berdeks,  Radulfo  de  Diva,  Luca  de  BauSj 
Johanne  Baubedor,  Radulfo  de  Tiehemers,  Radulfo  piftore,  et  multis  aliis.     lb. 

Carta  Matildes  de  Diva. 

Matildis  de  Diva  omnibus  horn'  et  amicis  luis  Francis  et  Anglis  tarn  prsefen- 
tibus  quam  futuris  falutem.  Noverit  univerfuas  veftra  me  conceillfe  et  hac  carta 
mea  confirmafle  Deo  et  ecdefie  Sti  Egidii  de  Bcrnewelle  et  canonicis  ejufdem  loci 
donationem  fratris  mei  Radulfi  de  VValtervilla  quam  fecit  eidcm  ecclefie  et  ca- 
nonicis de  advocatione  ecclefie  de  Bertone  in  Ketltevene,  et  carta  fua  confirmavit, 
volo  ergo,  &c.     Iliis  teltibus :  Radulfo  facerdote  de  HengftitoHj  &c.     Ibid. 

^  Lei.  Coll.  L  630.  ex  regiftro. 

K   2  De 


68  "  THE    H  I  S  T  O  R  r    AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I T  I  E  S 

De  falda  in   Maddingle,   Pat.  i  Ed.  II.   p.    2.   m.  3.   vol.   IV. 
Cart.  2   Ed.  II.   n.  36.   Brev.  in  Scacc.  6  Ed.  II.  Pafch.  Rot.  Pat. 
6  E.  II.   p.  2.   in.  21.   Pat.  17   E.  II.   p.  2.   m.   9.  d. 
-  The  prior  and  convent  had  tenements  without  Alderfgate  \ 

Robert  Fidburn,  1276,  4  E.  I.  gave  feme  itone  houies  op- 
.pofite  St.- Sepulchre's  church  in  Cambridge  to  the  canons  of 
,Barnwell  ". 

For  extents  of  all  their  lands,  fee  Efc.  Cart.  5  E.  III.  art.  97, 
Pat.  I  2   E.  111.   p.  I.   m.   Efc.  Cart.  17  E.  III.  n.  79. 

The  polieirions  of  this  priory  are  thus  ftated  in  a  return  of 
the  jury  compofed  of  the  towniVnen  of  Cambridge,  3  Ed.  I. 

*'  The  prior  and  canons  of  Barnewell  held  their  place  and- 
the  fite  of  their  conventual  church,  containing  13  acres  and 
upwards,  Sec.  by  grant  of  Sir  Payne  Peuerellj  knt.  their  founder 
and  patron.  They  have  within  and  without  the  town  three  ca- 
rucates  of  land  and  upwards,  and  los.  rent,  for  which  they 
pay  to  the  lords  of  the  fee,  8cc.  and  the  king's  bailiff  of  Cam- 
bridge, who  held  the  faid  town  in  fee  farm  of  our  lord  the 
king,   for  lagable  and  langable^  viis. 

They  hold  a  fmall  part  by  the  gift  of  feveral  perfons  in  frank 
almoigne,  and  fome  by  purchafe,  &c.  of  which,  earl  David 
gave  them  2  acres  before  the  door  of  their  church  for  iiiid, 
yearly  rent. 

Countefs  Maud  gave  them  two  acres  in  frank  almoigne.  A 
certain  perfon  named  Picot  vicccomes  gave  them  a  certain  place 
iii  the  town  of  Cambridge,  where  now  ftands  the  church  of 
St.  Giles  by  the  Caftle,  and  the  fiiid  canons  lived  there  20 
years,  till  Pain  Peverell  removed  them  from  their  place  to  Barn- 
well,  where  they  now  live. 

'  Pat.  36  Ed.  HI.  p.  I.  m.  11.  Par.  43  E.  III.  p.  2.  m.37. 

'  Parker's  Hiftory  of  Cambridge,  from  a  MS.  in  the  Cotton  Library. 

The 


O  F    B  A  R  N  W  E  L  L    A  B  D  E  Y.  6^ 

The  .faid  canons  have   alfo   by  gift  o^  Dtmiggy  great   grand- - 
father   of    Hervey   Dunigg,   and    Maud    his   wife,    50    acres  of 
land  in  the    fields  on    the   other  fide   of   the    bridge,    and   by 
gift  of  JllketU  50  acres  of  land  in  frank  ahiioigne,   faving   the 
leagable  of  the  lord  the   king,  which  they   pay  annvially  to  the  . 
king's  bailiff,   as  is  before  included  in  the  grofs  fum  of  Iviis.: 

They  have  by  gift  of  the  faid  Hervey  3  meflliages  in  Gam- 
bridge  near  the  market-place,   and  two  more  meffiiages  which 

Henry  Lifwes  z.i\A  Robert  ie held  at  the  rent  aforefaid.  of . 

Iviis.  fubje6l  to  leagable. 

They  have  20  acres  of  the  fee  of  the  prior  of  Ely,  by  gift 
of  Willmm  Fitz  Baldwin  Blamigrimn,   with  a  meffuage    and  two 
marks   yearly  rent ;   and  the  faid   prior  anfwered  for  them  forr 
hagable  to  the  king's  bailiffs  of  Cambridge,  but  by  which  warrant  : 
the  prior  of  Ely  claimed  they  know  not.  . 

They  have  by  gift  of  the  faid  William  72  acres  of  land,  and  1 
a  whole  meffuage   which  Ralph  Fitz  Guido  holds  of  them  in 
Bridge-fireet,  Sec.  and  pays  the  grofs  fum   of  Iviis.  beforemen- - 
tioned  for  hagable. 

They  have  by  gift  of  Thomas  Toylet  xxiiii  acres  of  land,  of. 
the  fee  of  Baldwin  Blaregernum. 

They  have  by  gift  of  William  de  Wyflienden  by  the  hands  .- 
of  the  bailif  of  Cambridge  xs.  yearly  rent. 

They  have  by  gift  of  Acius  Frere  3  mefiliages,  and  the  te* 
nement  in  the  occupation  of  Reginald  Alicon,  and  6  acres  of  the 
fee  of  Baldwin  Blaregernum,  S:c.   for  the  foul  of  Acius  '. 

They  have    by  gift  of  John  de  Kalays  and  Baid  his  wife,  ,xl  ■; 
acres  in  Cambridge -field,   and  the  v.'hole  fervice  of  mailer  Hugh  ': 

'  Two  priefls  were  to  fay  mafs  for  ever  in  the  alcnonry  chapel,  dedicated  to  St. 
Hugh,  one  for  the  foul  of  Thomas  Tiiylct,*he  other  for  the  foul  of  Acius  J  rere,  vvhofe   • 
bodies  were  buried  in  the  faid  chapel,  whicli  Acius  Frere  bought  at  his  own  ex-  - 
pence,  and  gave  lands  and  houfes  to  the  cmons  of  Barnwell   and  to  the  almonry, 
Thomas  Tuylet  gave  them  60  acres  of  land  in  the  aelds  of  Cambridge.     LeL  Coll.   . 
I,  6i7,  ex  regiftro  Barnwell. 

Nut  tale,  u 


yo  THE     HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S 

Nuttole  and  17  others,  Src.  for  which  the  faid  canons  pay 
yearly  to  the  king,  during  the  refpecftive  lives'of  John  and  Baid, 
two  corrodees  of  two  canons  and  one  Iree  fervant,  and  xls. 
llerling  every  year,  and  5000  triifes  fi)r  firing,  and  3  cart  loads 
of  litter;  and  if  Richard  le  Waleys,  fon  of  the  faid  Bafil  and 
Matilda  his  After,  furvive  the  faid  John  and  Bafil,  then  the  prior 
and  canons  were  to  pay  8s.   a  year,   and   2  carodees. 

They  have  two  w'indmills,  but  they  are  raifed  on  their  own 
foil '  ;  and  they  cannot  compel  "  any  perfoas  to  grind  there,  not 
even  their  own  tenants. 

The  faid  prior  and  canons  have  for  patron  ^  of  their  church 
of  Barnwell  Gilbert  Peche  ^,  by  defcent  from  heir  to  heir  from 
the  time  of  Payn  Peverell,  their  founder  and  patron.  Leonius 
Dnning  holds  one  meffuage  cum  pertiif  in  the  parilli  of  St, 
Giles,  Cambridge,  which  were  to  pafs  by  defcent  on  the  death 
of  Adam  Duning  his  father.  William  Adam  bought  the  faid 
meffuage  of  Nich.  Weigell,  who  held  it  by  long  fucceffion  of 
his  anceftors,  and  holds  the  horfe-mill  in  Cambridge,  paying 
for  the  meiTuage  8d.  and  for  the  mill  6d.  to  the  faid  prior  and 
the  heir  of  Walter  de  Sir  Edmund  ^ . 

Chefterton  was  given  to  them  by  Henry  I.  a.  r.  II.  in  as  ample 
a  manner  as  king  John  had  leafed  it  to  them,  at^  30I.  per  ann. 
fee-farm  rent,  which  leafe  was  now  made  perpetual  by  that 
annual  payment,  fo  that  he  and  his  fucceiTors  were  for  ever 
acquitted  from  the  annuity  of  lol.  which  that  king  had  given 
them  in  frank  almoigne  for  ever  out  of  the  faid  manor,  which 
had  view  of  frank  pledge  now  coniirmed  to  exempt  it  from 
the  hundred  and  flieriflF''." 

'  I.cvata  funt  de  fuo  proprio  folo. 
'   Aretarc.  ^  Advccatum.    * 

■*  He  died  19  Edw.  I. 
Mon.  Ang.  II.  30.  ex  Rot.  hund.  pro  c.  Cantab',  in  turre  Lond. 


5 

'*  BJom.  C.  C.  p.  220.     See  before,  p.  ij 


I  The 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  71 

The    prior  and  his  tenants   in  Cheflerton   were  acquitted  of- 
tallage  by  the  judgements  of  the  king's  courts  '. 

William  Kilkenny,   bifliop  of  Ely,   who   died  1256,   left    ta- 
this  priory  200  marks,   for  founding  two  divinity  exhibitions  at 
Cambridge.      This  Mr.  Baker  fuppofes  to  have  been  one  of  the  . 
firit  endowments  for  exhibitions  ^ 

In  the  extents  of  lands  belonging  to  the  honor  of  Richmond,  . 
in  the  county    of  Yiork,   held  by   landholders  in  the  county  of. 
Cambridge,  the  pnor  of  Barnwell  held  in   the  town  of  Toft, 
-of  the  laid  f^e  and.t;he  hem  of  iybr'.cle    Nevill,   4  virgates    of- 
land  in  frank  almoig.ne,.  worth   Lxd.   of  which  he  paid   to  the 
guard  of  Richmond  caftle  xxiiid.   He  held  alfo  in   the   town  of 
Brtinne,  by  the  fame  tenure,    7, acres, ~ worth  iiis.  6cl.  for  which 
he  paid  nothing.      He-  held  ,aIffo  in  the  town  of  Caldecot  half 
an  acre  of  land  in  frank  aiaioign,  worth  7s.  6d.   without  any 
dedudion  \ 

Of  their,  lands  in  Dry  Draiton,  fee  Plac.  in  com.  Cant.  27 
Ed.  L  Rot.    9.  d.  Rot.  15.  Rot.  17.   29  Ed.  I.  Affif.  Rot.  26. 

Richard  King,  of  Wyfb'ich,  in  the  ifle  of  £ly,  and  Agnes 
his  wife,  by  a  deed  of  gift,  bearing  date  13  Auguft,  19  Henry 
Vil.  gave  to  the  convent  of  .Barnwell,  the  Falcon,  in  Cambridge, 
et  aliam  vacuam  plateam  voc'  le  Plough,  lying  towards  the  gate 
of  the  Friars  Preachers  in  Cambridge,  and  alfo  one  tenement,  with 

'  BaronibiK  pro  priore  de  Eernewell.  Rex  conceffit  eidem  quod  ipfe  et  homines 
fui  de  Ceftretun  dc  cetero  quieti  fine  de  taillagio  reciindum  quod  invenitur.  in  rotulo 
regis  J.  XVI,  non  obftante  lolatione  taillagii  fafti  ad  fcaccarium  anno  8  ec  9  ejul'd' 
regis  J.  de  quo  taillagio  idem  prior  et  homines  fui  de  Lleiiretun  quieti  i'unr  per 
cartam  fu3m  quam  rex  infpexit  et  p-r  coniidcrationem  cunse  regis.  Mcmor.-  25 
Hen.  III.  rot.  7.  b.  Rladox's  Hiftory  of  the  Exchequer,  622.  . 

*  Concerning  Clieftreton  fee  Infpex.  5  Hen.  111.  m.  S.  and  10  Fin.  8  Hen.  III.  m.  9. 
Clauf.  II  Hen.  til.  m.  17,  18.  Plac.  coram  rege,  2  Hen.V.  Rot.  15.  de  conlueiu- 
dinibus  tenentium  in Cheftretone.  Par.  5  Hen..V.  m.  7.,Pat.  i  Edw.  IV.p.  3.  m.  10. 

^  "  Item  dicunt  quod  prior  de  Barnwelle  taiet  in  villa  deTcfl,  dcfeodo  pia:- 
didloet  hsered' Albr' de  Nevil),  mi  viVgat'  terr?e  in  elemol',  ct  valent  ixs.  inde 
folv'ad  ward'  Rich'  xxiiid-.  Idem  prior  tenet  in  viUa  de  Brmme,  de  eadem  tenur'  vii 
acr'  quae  valenc^iiis.  vid.  pro  quibus  nihil  reddit.  Iteni  enet  in  villa  de  Ca/dcei 
dim'  virgat' terra;  elemof  quss.  valet  vus.  vid.  et  nil  inde  reddit."  Reg.  Honoris  de 
^'•'hmond.     Appendix,  p.  36, 

a  dove-. 


72  THE    HISTORY    AND  ,  A  N  TIQU  ITIES 

:'a  dove-honfe  and  garden  adjoining,  fituate  in  Cambridge,  butting 
-towards  the  ftreet  called  Fryers  Preachers-lane;  and  alfo  28 
.  acres  of  arable  land  lying  difperfedly  in  the  fields  of  Cambridge 
and  Barnwell,  upon  cdndition  that  they  Ihould,  according  to  his 
.iall  will  and  teftament,  every  year,  upon  the  Friday  in  the  firft 
weeic  in  Lent,  celebrate  there  a  requiem  in  a  folemn  manner  in  the 
choir  of  their  church,  finging  a  dirige,  &c.  and  on  the  next 
day  faying  a  folemn-  mafs  for  the  fouls  of  the  faid  Richard 
King,  and  Alice  his  wife,  daughter  and  heir  of  Alice  Baldwin, 
alias  Alice  Rayfon,  the  wife  of  John  Rayfon,  and  for  the  fouls 
of  the  parents  of  the  faid  John  and  Alice,  and  any  of  their 
brethren  and  filters  that  had  been  benefadors  to  them;  and 
for  the  fouls  of  the  parents  of  the  faid  Richard  King,  and  \\\% 
and  their  benefactors;  and  alfo  of  all  the  faithful  deceafed ; 
that  the  prior  of  Barnwell,  or,  in  his  abience,  the  fub- 
prior,  and  the  convent,  Ihall  meet  at  the  time  and  in  the 
place  mentioned,  and  celebrate  their  obfequies  as  above,  with 
tapers  burning,  and  bells  ringing  :  that  the  prior,  if  prefent, 
fhould  every  year  receive  i6d.  and  every  other  canon  in 
priefts  orders  prefent,  finging  and  duely  praying,  as  above, 
provided  they  do  not  exceed  the  number  of  12  priefts,  fliall  have 
each  8d.  and  every  other  canon  not  in  priefts  orders^  if  prefent, 
not  exceeding  five,  fliall  have  each  4d.;  and  for  the  ufe  and 
waite  of  tapers,,  or  candles,  ftanding  lighted  upon  and  about  the 
liearfe,  during  the  Iblemnity,  the  prior  and  ofiiciary  of  the  faid 
monaftery  lliall  every  year  haye  3s.  and  the  clerk  of  the  faid 
church,  being  prefent,  and  knolling  the  bells,  fliall  have  every 
year  4d.  ;  and  the  prjor,  or  his  deputy,  fliall  diftribute  to  every 
perfon  prefent  a  halfpenny  loaf  and  two  herrings,  as  far  as  ten 
ihillings  would  go,  and  no  farther.  And  he  alfo  in  his  laid 
will  appointed,  that  the  mafter  of  Mich'  Koufe  in  Cambridge, 
•or  one  of  the  fellows  deputed  by  him,  to  be  prefent  upon  the 
.  iaid  accafions,  to  overfee  the  due  oblervance  and  performance 

of 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  73 

of  the  exequies  aforefaid  by  the  convent,  for  which  he  ordered 
that  he  fhould  receive  2s.  every  year  for  his  pains  ;  and  that 
he  fhould  have  his  breakfaft  at  the  prior's  table  ;  and  alfo  that  the 
faid  mafter's  fervant,  if  he  brought  one  with  him,  fliould  break- 
faft with  the  prior's  fervant ;  all  which  expences  were  to  be 
paid  out  of  the  rents  and  profits  aforefaid.  And  he  ordered 
further  by  his  will,  that  if  the  prior  and  convent  were  negligent 
or  remifs  in  performing  the  ceremonies  upon  the  anniverfary  of 
his  death,  as  aforefaid,  they  fliould,  when  the  faid  neglect,  &c. 
had  been  legally  proved  before  the  bifhop  or  advocate  of  Ely, 
for  the  firft  time,  forfeit  to  the  mafter  and  fellows  of  Mich' 
Houfe,  36s.  8d.  for  the  fecond,  40s.  for  the  third,  50s.  for 
the  4th,  3I.  for  the  5th,  5  marks,  and  for  the  6th,  the  whole 
eltate  fliould  go  to  Mich'  Houfe,  who  were  to  perform  the  fame 
ceremonies,  and  at  the  fame  time,  in  St.  Michael's  church  in 
Cambridge,  for  which  the  mafter  of  the  college  (if  prefent  at 
the  folemnity),  or,  in  his  abfence,  his  deputy,  fliould  receive 
led.  and  12  fellows,  if  prefent,  8d.  each,  and  5  other  fcholars 
of  the  college,  if  prefent  4d.  each  ;  and,  if  at  the  faid  time  of 
the  anniverfary,  there  were  not  1 2  fellows  and  5  fcholars  in 
the  faid  college,  that  then  the  parts  of  fo  many  as  were  wanting 
fliould  be  diftributed  amongft  the  mafter  and  what  fellows  and 
fcholars  were  then  prefent.  And  the  faid  mafter  muft  lay  out 
in  lights,  upon  the  faid  occafion,  3s.  and  pay  to  the  parifti 
clerk  for  knolling  the  bells  6d.  and  that  he  fliould  diftribute 
amongft  pauperes  fcolares^  mendicant es^  vel  quaji  mendicantes 
babent :  tantum  %d.  pro  vi^iualibus  Juis  pro  feptimana  los.  in  eos 
equaliter  dividend''  fmgulis  annuis  in  perpeiuum  :  and  the  re- 
mainder of  the  rents  and  profits  of  the  faid  eftate  fliould  go  to- 
wards the  repairs  of  the  faid  college.  And  he  alfo  appointed 
one  monk  of  Ely,  or  any  other  honeft  graduate  prefljyter,  to  be 
appointed  by  the  prior  of  Ely,  to  be  prefent  at,  and  diligently 

I^  overfee 


74  THE    HISTORY     AND     ANTIQUITIES 

overfee  whether  the  fdid  mafier  and  fellows  were  not  negligent 
or  rernifs  in  the  obfervation  of  the  faid  anniverfary  ;  and  that  he 
fhould  receive  2S.  for  his  pains.  And  if  the  faid  mafter,  S:c. 
were  remifs,  they  fliould  for  the  firfl:  time  (upon  the  neglect 
being  duly  proved  before  the  bifliop  of  Ely,  or  his  archdeacon) 
forfeit  to  the  prior  and  convent  of  Ely,  36s.  8d.  for  the  fecond, 
40s.  for  the  third,  50s.  for  the  fourth,  3I.  for  the  fifth,  5  marks, 
and  for  the  fixth,  the  whole  eftate  fliould  go  to  the  faid  prior 
and  convent  for  ever,  to  the  ufes  and  behoof  of  fuch  office  as 
fliould  have  the  moil  need  of  it  in  the  faid  monalfery,  to  pray 
for  the  fouls  of  the  perfons   above-mentioned  for  ever  '. 

Part  of  the  Will  of  Richard  Kynge,  of  Wyfbyche.  1504. 

'<  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  the  prior  and  convent  of  Barnwell, 
in  the  diocefe  of  Ely,  my  houfe  in  Petycury  in  Cambrige,  called 
the  Fawcon,  with  all  manner  of  lands  and  appurtenances  thereto 
belonging,  under  thys  condycyon  ;  that  the  faid  prior  and  con- 
vent fliall  put  their  commen  feale  to  the  indentures  made  by 
thadvyfe  and  cownfcU  of  John  Purgold  and  William  Nelfon, 
betwixt  the  faid  prior  and  convent  and  me,  of  and  for  a  yerely 
obyte  to  be  kept  at  Barnwell,  for  my  foule  or  other  my  frendys 
foullys.  And  yf  the  fayd  piior  and  convent  at  the  requeft  of 
myne  executors  wythin  named,  doo  not  put  the  commen  feale 
to  the  faid  indentur,  &c.  then  I  bequeath  and  gyve  my  faid  houfe 
in  Petycury,  with  all  my  landys  and  thappurtenaunces  thereto 
belongyng,  unto  the  mailers  and  fellowys  of  Sain6t  Mighell's 
College,  in  Cambryge,  fo  that  the  faid  maifter  and  fellowys  put 
heir  comen  feale  to  the  indenture  as  above  is  vvryttyn,  and  alfo 
kepe  my  yerelye  obyte  according  to  the  fame  indenture,  S^c/" 

'  Ex  antiq.  charta  quatripart.  fadt.  inter  executorcs  didli  Richardi  Prioris  de 
Bernwdl,  et  Ely,  et  magiftrum  domus  Mich,  penes  Tiin.  Coll. 

^  Ely  Regr.  Wed.  The  date  is  wanting  to  this  will  ;  but  by  the  indenture  men- 
tioni'd  in  it,  and  referred  to,  it  muft  be  made  in  the  years  1503  or  1504;  becaufe 
the  faid  indenture  bears  date  the  19th  of  Henry  Vll,  which  was  1504.  Note, 
That  this  will  was  made  in  the  time  of  bifliop  Redman,  though  in  Well's  regiftcr. 
Sec  the  faid  indenture,  i;age39^. 

Alexander 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  75 

Alexander  Rannaw  gave  to  the  parifli  of  Great  St.  Mary,  in 
Cambridge,  1648,  a  rent  of  40s.  ovU  of  White  Horfe  tenement 
in  Barnwell,  20s.  for  his  anniverfary  fermon  on  Sunday  after 
Candlemas- day,  and  20s.  to  be  distributed  to  the  poor  in  bread 
the  day  after  '. 

Leland  faw  in  the  Library  of  this  priory, 

Chronica  Hugonis  de  S.  Vidoria,  beginning,  Fili  Sapientt'a 
^hefaurus  eft. 

Epiftols!  Symmachi. 

Prometicus  Alex.  Necham,  carmine  profa  i'ntermixta,  begin- 
ning, Sponte  Jua  genius  pater. 

Elias  Rubeus,  Tripelaunenfis  contra  inanent  nobilitatem. 

Epirtolce  varise  Caffiodori. 

Chronicon  a  Nino  ad  Cosfarem  et  a  Caefare  ad  Ludovrcum 
Caroli  magni  filium,  beginning,  AJfyriorum  igitur  rex, 

Chronicon,  whofc  prologue  began,  Annum  ab  ea  die  qua 
Tetrus  % 

Of  the  conventual  church  and  its  buildings  it  is  now  im- 
poffible  to  form  any  idea  ;  all  that  remains  being  only  the  fprings 
of  fome  arches,  probably  of  the  cloifter,  and  the  precindl  wall. 

Perfons  buried  in  their  church. 
Eva,  mother  of  Gilbert  Peche,  patron  ^ 

In  the  Lady  chapel,  which  was  dedicated  1334* 
Maud  Picot  ^ 

'  Blomefield,  Coll.  Cantab,  p.  98.  *  Coll.  HI.  15. 

'  A.  D.  1489.  Obiit  dns  Th'  Cheyne,  miles,  qut  dedit  pro  fepultura  fua  10  lib- 
et  priori  6s.  8d.  et  cuilibet  canonico,  3s.  4d. 

1489,  Meni'  Novembr',  obiit  mag'  Ric'  Brocher,  Th'  Bac'  et  redor  de  Land- 
beche,  qui  dedit  opus  domus  et  inter  can'  diftribuend'  xxs. 

■*  1496.  Obiit  mag'  Jolies  Lcfryngton,  2  cal'  Decembr',  cujus  anime  propicietur 
Dcus. 

7  In 


j6  THE    HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES 

'^  In  1469,  John  Hbre  of  Bernwell  was  buried  in  the  priory 
church,  and  gave  to  the  parifli  church  of  St.  Andrew,  in  Bern- 
,\vell,  in  Cambridge,  a  fervice-book  called  a  portifory;  and  in 
1466,  Margaret  Hore  his  widow  was  buried  in  the  church  of 
the  nuns  of  St.  Radegund,  in  Cambridge,  now  Jefus  college 
chapel,   where  her  daughter  Emma  was  then  a  nun  '. 

tiV,;.. 

The   fmall  parochial  chapel  of  St.   Andrew  in  Barnwell    is 

tiled,   and  has  one  fmall  bell  in  a  low  wooden  turret. 

At  the  Eaft  end  is  a  free-ftone  over  Mr.  Nicholas  Butler, 
t)uried  Feb.  i,  1686. 

A  marble  over  Mr.  Charles  Butler,  1 5th  child  of  Dr.  John 
and  Mrs.  Sufan  Butler,    1669. 

Ambrofe  Butler,  efq;  died  Mar.  11,  1685. 

Hie  jacet  Johannes  Buderde  Gorton,  in  com.  Leic.  gener.  fepultus  Sept.  22,  KS69. 
^  Refurgemus. 

Hie 

mortalitatis  fuas  reliquias 

depofuit  Neville  Butler, 

generofus,  vir  ut  acri  judicio 

ac  fapientia'fingulnri  ornatifllmus 

ita  vita  et  moribus  integerrimus : 

qui  nemini  unquam  injurius 

religionem  finceritate,  familiam 

diligentia,  conjugem  fide, 

liberos  amore,  amices  benevolentia, 

atque  omhes  humanitate  colere 

Temper  fluduit.     Vixit  an.  Ixvi 

obiic  die  xiv  Martii,  A.  D.  mdclxxiv. 

Mr.  Nicholas  Buder  was  buried  on  the  ift  of  Feb.  i686. 

Mrs.  Cicely,  the  fole  wife 
of  Mr.  Neville  Butler, 
by  whom  ihe  had  fevcn  fons 
and  feven  daughters : 
was  buried  here  on  the 
23d  of  Feb.  1693. 

'  '  Bloraefield,  Coll.  Cantab,  p.  168—179. 

Hie 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY. 

Hie  jacet  Cecilea  Folkingham 

Neville  Butler  generofi  filia  natu 

tenia,  Nicolai  Folkingham,  A.  M.  uxor 

chariffima  ;  finguiari  vita  probitate 

ac  fuaviflimis  moribus  ornata,  qua; 

poftquam  peperat  filias  tres, 
Elizabetham,  Ceciliam,  Margaretam, 
diuturna  tandem  tabe  abfumpta  fu- 
premum  vitae  diem  explevit  21"° 
Martii  1679.     Et  trifte  li'.i  defiderium 
apud  maritum,  liberos,  propinquos, 
amicofque  reliquit. 

On  a  flat  ftone  at  the  fide  of  the  north  feat, 


7f 


Mrs.  Sufanna 
Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Mrs.  Cicily 
Mr,  William 


Butler,  born 


Apr.  ID,  1686,  died  7th, 

May,  12,  1688,  9th, 

Jan.      6,  1690,  i8th, 

Oa.  13,  1694,  19th, 

Of  the  fmall-pox,  April,  1696. 


The  Lord  giveth,  and  the  Lord  taketh  away,  blefled  be  the  name  of  the  Lord. 


M 


The 


73  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQJJITIES 

The  village  of  Barnwell  ftands  about  half  a  mile  eaft  of  Cam- 
bridge, and  the  chapel  (being  j^art  of  the  antient  priory,  of 
which  we  have  already  treated  at  large)  ftands  about  the  middle 
of  the  village ;    which  is  wholly  fituate  in  Preachers  Ward. 

Though  this  may  feem  all  to  be  but  one  parilh,  it  is  compofed 
of  three,  viz.  Little  St.  Andrew's,  or  Barnwell  aforefaid,  Holy 
Trinity,  and  St.  Benedict's  (in  Cambridge),  for  they  have  each 
inhabitants  living  in  the  faid  village ;  and  fome  of  the  houfes 
belonging  to  Trinity  parifh  are  fituate  neareft  the  chapel  of  any 
in  the  village. 

The  Holy  Trinity,    "i  hath  in  the  village  r    7"),      ^ 
St.  Benedict,  J      of  Barnwell.        [T^oj 

In  this  parifh  (excluding  the  other  two)  are  48  houfes  (of 
which  two  are  public  ones),  and  205  fouls. 

It  is  charged  annually  towards  the  land-tax  the  fum  of  2  3 61. 
17s.  4d.  when  at  four  fliillings  in  he  pound,  and  177I.  13s, 
when  at  three  fliillings. 

This  parifh  is  a  peculiar,  being  a  donative ;  and  though  it 
fends  no  copy  of  the  parilh  rcgifter  to  the  bifliop's  office  at  this 
time,  yet  it  formerly  did. 

This  village  hath  often  been  reduced  by  fire ;  but  the  laft, 
which  happened  on  September  30,  1731,  confumed  a  great  part 
thereof.  The  fire  was  fo  very  fierce,  that  the  engine,  which  was- 
carried  thither  to  extinguifli  it,  was  deftroyed  therewith  ;  for 
getting  it  into  a  farm-yard,  furrounded  with  houfes  and  barns,, 
the  fire  fpread  fo  faft,  that  the  people  could  fcarcely  get  out  with- 
out being  burnt ;  nay,  fome  were  very  much  fcorched,  in  en^ 
deavouring  to  make  their  cfcape. 


A  P  P  E  N- 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY. 


19 


APPENDIX. 


*'  Jacobus  Dardiclnus  canonicus  Troperienfis  in  legibus  licentlatus  aplice  camere 
et  clericus,  ejufdemque  fedis  nuncius  in  Anglia  et  colledlor,  &c.  Johanni  eplfcopo 
Elienfis  faUitem,  defiring  him  to  cite  the  underwritten  perlbns  ;  and  if  they  do  not 
appear  and  pay  their  arrears,  to  fequefter  the  income  of  their  benefices  to  pay  their 
arrears  to  the  pope. 

In  1394  the  priors  of  Ely  and  Bernwell  for  arrears  of  that  year. 

1400.  The  fame  priors  and  the  prior  of  Anglefey  for  procurations. 

14 1 4.  The  prior  of  Bernwell  for  arrears  that  year.  Blomf.  ex  regiftro  Fordham 
epi  Elienf. 

Bifhop  Fordham  directing  his  mandate  to  John  Judde,  official,  to  cite  all  patrons, 
Sec.  to  give  in  a  certificate  of  all  the  benefices  that  belong  to  their  patronage,  and 
whether  they  are  taxed  or  not,  and  of  what  condition  they  are,  in  order  to  raife  a 
tenth  for  the  King,  they  were  cited  to  appear  in  St.  John  Baptift's  church  at  Cam- 
bridge,  and  did  fo  accordingly,  and  gave  in  their  certificates. 

John  Bernwell,  prior  of  Bernwell,  certified  that  they  were  patron  of  Byton 
red'ory.  Line.  dioc.  val.  per  annum.  xx  marc. 

Ecclefia  Sanfti  Edri  Cantab,  vicar,  val.  x  marc,  per  annum. 

Sand;i  Sepulchri  vicar.  c  marc. 


V 
V 

V 
V: 
V 
V 

v: 

V 
V 
V 
V 


caria  de  Madingle  val. 

c.  de  Cumberton 

c.  de  Caldecote 

c.  de  Brunne 

c.  de  Crawden 

c.  de  Tadelovv 

c.  de  Mordon 

c.  de  Hynxton 

c.  de  Harlefton 

c.  de  Waterbeche 

c.  de  Warden  Lond,  dioc. 


cs. 

VIII  marc. 

cs. 

XLI. 
CS. 

cs. 

XLI. 
CS. 

X  marc. 
X  marc. 


cs. 

Reg.  Fordham,  f.  136.  a.  b. 
In  a  taxation  before  1200,  pen.  T.  Martin,  the  prior  of  Bernwell,  was  taxed  4d. 
for  a  rent  in  Ryfeby,  in  Thinge  deanry,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk:. 

The  Preacher's  ward  in  Cambridge,  from  the  Dolphin  Gate  and  the  lane's  end 
over  againfl  it,  unto  the  town's  end  beyond  Emanuel  College,  taking  that  fide  of 
Jefus  Lane  next  Sidney  College,  with  all  Barnwell  watcheth  and  wardeth  for  itfelf. 
The  common  watch  and  ward  for  this  ward  is  Wall's  Lane,  the  lane  next  beyond 
Chrifts  College,  Emanuel  College  Lane,  Birdbolt  Lane,  and  the  Town's  End. 
Spalding's  Colkdions. 

In  the  high  gable  rental  of  Cambridge  is  land  late  the  prior  of  Barnwell's,  lux  s.  lb. 
The  Crofs  Keys  in  Barnwell,  late  in  the  tenure  of  Thomas  Wendy,  efq;  leafe 
100  years,  at  1 1,     lb. 

M  z  Among 


So  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES 

Among  the  perfons  charged  with  pontage  for  repairs  of  the  great  bridge  at 
Canibridge,  are  tenants  of  lands  in  Barton,  late  belonging  to  the  late  monaftery  of 
Barnwell  for  2  hides  and  |  in  Barton. 

Bona  Prioris  de  Bernevvell. 
In  Bcrnewellc  XLViiit.  xis.  viii  d.  ob. 

In  Berton  xiiil.  xvis.  viiid. 

In  Ciimberton  xs.  vid. 

In  Cheftrelone  lvijiI.  iis.  iid. 

De  quibus  folvit  dornino  regni  per  ann.  XLit.  &  fic  remanet  xvlil,  iiis.  nd* 
dccimabilis. 

In  Maddyngle  xixl.  xiiis.  mid. 

In  Drayton  mil.  mis.  iind. 

In  Brunne  xixl.  xiis.  viiid. 

In  Hafelynfeld  mis. 

In  Toft  ixl.  viis.  iid. 

In  Wyvelyngham  xiid. 

In  Caldecote  XLvms.  xd.. 
.  In  Trumpeton  xms. 
«    In  Feveriham  ms.  imd. 

In  Meldebourne  iiis. 

In  Wynepol  xxiis. 

In  Wyttlefye  xiiiis. 

In  Harlelton  xms. 

In  Bowefworth  11  s.  vid. 

In  Pyncote  us.  vid. 

In  Hokyton  xxis.  mid. 

In  Stanton  Michael,  xiis.. 

In  Impyngton  lxviis. 

In  Landbech  Liiiil.  IIS.  vid. 

In  Gritton  vs.  vid. 

In  Herdevvyk  xs.  xd. 

In  Kyngefton  xviis. 

In  Everefdon  xs,  vid. 

In  Wyttlesford  xxs. 

In  Stonwe  ixs.  vnd.  obi 

Jn  Cranden  vius. 

In  Barnton  xiis. 

In  Cotcnham  vis.  viid. 

In  Rampton  vis. 

In  Bcrnafton  lus. 

In  Ryfeby  iid. 

In  Gruele  and  Che^ith  xxis.  Yid. 

In  Howes  vis.  vid. 

Summa  fummarurH  ~  cLsvil.  vins.  viid. 

From  Blonifield's  Collea:.  Cantab.  MS. 

Spiricualia 


OFBARNWELLABBEY.  8i 

Spiritualia  Prioris  de  Bernewelle. 

Porcio  ejufdem  in  ecclefia  de  Hokyton  xxvis.  viiid. 

Cotenham  xxs. 

Sandi  And.  de  Hyflon.  xls. 

Ecclefia  de  Maddynglc  appropriatur  eidem  xil.  vis.  viiid. 
Porcio  ejufdem  in  ecclefia  de  Rampton  xLvil.  viiis. 

Landbech  xxl. 

Midelton  lxviI,  viiis. 

Ecclefia  de  Waterbeche  appropriatur  eidem  xiiil.  vis.  viiid. 
Porcio  ejufdem  in  ecclefia  Santti  Edward  Canteb.  indecl'  i  marc. 

Sandi  Betulphi  indecl'  luis.  mid. 

S?ndti  John  indecl'  xxs. 

Ecclefia  omnium  San£torum  ad  caftrum  appropriatur  eidem  mil.  xiiis.  iiiid:. 

Sanfti  Egidii  vil.  xiii  s.  iiiid. 

CapcUa  de  Bernewelle  appropriatur  eidem  xxs. 

Porcio  ejufdem  in  ecclefia  Sandli  Sepulchri  Cant.  vis.  viiid. 

Ecclefia  de  Gilden  Morden  appropriatur  eid.  xxxl. 

Cranden xiiil.  vis.  viiid. 

Taddelowe xiiil.  vis.  viiid. 

Caldecote viiil. 

Porcio  ejufdem  in  ecclefia  de  LoUewurth  xvs. 
Porcio  ejufdem  in  ecclefia  de  Hungri  Hattele  vs. 
Ecclefia  de  Brunne  appropriatur  eidem  xxviiil. 
Porcio  ejufdfm  in  ecclefia  de  Kyngefton  xls. 

Toft  XL  s.         Mr.  Dr.  Barnwell  *;. 
Berton  mis. 
Cotes  iiiis. 
Hafelyngfeld  xxiiiis. 
Wynepol .         Mr.  Marjhall  -j~. 
Ecclefia  de  Cumberton  appropriatur  eidem  xxl, 
Porcio  ejufdem  in  ecclefia  de  Trumpeton  xxvi  1.  viiis. 
Ecclefia  de  Harleflon  appropriatur  eidem  xiiil.  vis.  viiid. 
Porcio  ejufdem  in  ecclefia  de  N.  Stowe,  xls. 

Suafham  monial.  cxvl. 
Pampeworth,  xxiis. 
Ecclefia  de  Hurgerton  appropriatur  xiiil.  vis.  viiid. 
Porcio  ejufdem  in  ecclefia  de  Botehefham  us. 

Lynton  vs. 
Summa  totalis  ccvl.  xiis.  mid. 

Et  Summa  porcionum  /da     16     icI.       ,       ,       , 

appropriat'  -  162     15       6]'"  ^  ^^^e  hand,- 

*  Thefe  two  names  written  in  a  very  late  hand. 
%  This  fum  is  doubtful. 

In-. 


S%  HISTORY    AND    ANTI  C^U  I  T  I  E  S 

In  the  tax  on  wool,  15  ant1    i6  Edvv.  III.  of  which  fee  Stowe,  p   2'?R.  23?.  the 
reftorv  of  thechar=lof    terefbrig  at  Barnwell  \>as  rated  at  5s.  f^d.     (MS.  Blomf.') 
In  the     axatio  honor  Ibt  Sc  tempi,  in  rhe  archdeaconries  of  Siiffolk  and  Sudbury, 
1436,  in  Fordham  deanry,  reiSior  de  Bernewell  Sanfte  Marie  ;{'5.  6s.  8  d. 
Clare  deanry- 
Prior  de  Bernewelle  2|d. 
iPrior  de  Bernewelle  temporal.  2  s.  4d, 

z|d.  in  Wrattyng  magno,    (lb.) 


The 


'^  O  F    B  A  R  N  W  E  L  i:    A  B  B  E  T.  S31 

The  two  following  advertifements,   relative  to  the   privileges  of 

the  inhabitants  of  Barnwell,  are  thought  worth  preferving 

in  a  hiftory  of  that  town. 

TOWN     of    CAMBRIDGE.. 

July  2-,  1785. 
"  THE  inhabitants  are  requefted  to  meet  at  the  Town-hall,  on  Monday  next,  at 
twelve  o'clock  in  the  forenoon,  to  confider  of  the  fteps  neccffary  to  be  taken  to 
prevent  the  damages  and  expences  incurred  by  Mr.  Alderman  Bond,  in  his  Cow 
Caufe  with  the  Commoners  of  the  Hamlet  of  Barnwell,  being  paid  by  the  different 
parilhes  of  this  town. 

Cambridge,  Ju/y  25,  1785. 
THE  inhabitants  of  this  town  having  been  defired,  by  an  anonymous  hand-bill, 
to  meet  at  the  Town-hall,  this  day  at  twelve  o'clock,  on  the  bufinefs  of  the  luic 
commenced  in  Alderman  Bond's  name,  to  try  ibeir  right  of  common  on  Stirbridge 
Fair  Green  ;  Mr.  Bond  thinks  it  incumbent  on  him  to  ftate  the  following  fadts, 
firft  observing,  that  every  Freeman,  on  his  admiffion^ takes  an  oath  to  preferve  the 
Common  Rights  belonging  to  the  town. 

Frequent  complaints  having  been  made,  by  the  inhabitants  near  Barnwell,  that 
Mr.  BuUen  had  impounded  their  cows  from  Stirbridge  Fair  Green,  they  were  re- 
ferred to  the  Mayor,  fenior  Alderman,  and  Town  Clerk,  as  being  the  moft  compe- 
tent to  determine  whether  their  claim  of  common  right  was  juftly  founded..  The 
opinion  of  thefe  gentlemen  was,  that  the  inhabitants  of  Cambridge  had  an  undoubted 
right,  it  having  been  fo  fettled  by  an  Award  between  the  Prior  of  Barnwell  and 
the  town  of  Cambridge,  which  Award,,  together  with  the  covenant  Bond,  was  theit. 
in  the  corporation  cheft. 

On  the  4th  of  June,  1783,  Mr.  Bullen  having  impounded  Mr.  Bond's  cow,  with 
feveral  others,  the  late  Alderman  Tunwell,  at  that  time  Mayor,  with  the  advice 
and  confent  of  another  juflice  of  the  town,  took  the  matter  up  as  a  bufinefs  that 
concerned  the  whole  torvn,  and  gave  directions  to  the  town  clerk,  to  replevy  in  Mr. 
Bond's  name  ;  and  at  the  next  general  quarter  feffions  held  in  July,  th&  following 
order  was  made : 

"  Whereas  foine  dlfputes  have  arifen,  touching  the  Tntercommon  cf  Stirbridge.- 
Fair  Green,  between  the  Commoners  of  Cambridge,  and  thole  of  Barnwell  withm 
the  faid  town,  and  a  fuit  hath  been  inftituted  in  order  to  try  the  right  of  the  faid 
Common  :  It  is  this  day  agreed  and  ordered,  that  the  cofts  of  fuch  (uit  on  the 
part  of  the  faid  town  of  Cambridge,  touching  the  faid  intercommon,  be  paid  and 
borne  by  the  faid  town  ;  and  that  the  Town  Clerk  be  defired  to  profecute  the  faid-. 
fuit,  to  aifert  the  right  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  faid  town  to  the  faid  common." 

e  SoiJies.- 


§4  11  I  STORY     AND    A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S,    &c. 

Some  time  in  the  enfuing  fummcr,  Mr.  J.  Bullcn,  accompanied  with  Alderman 
Follow,  called  on  Mr.  Bond,  dcfiring  the  matter  in  dilpute  might  be  fettled  by 
.irbitratior.  Mr.  Bond  told  them,  that  for  his  own  part  he  had  no  objeftion,  but 
^s  the  matter  was  of  a  public  nature,  he  could  not  agree  without  the  confent  of  the 
Juftices,  who  had  taken  it  up  ;  that  he  fliould  meet  them  the  following  evening, 
when  he  would  lay  the  propoiition  before  them.  The  opinion  of  the  Juftices  was, 
that,  as  the  claim  of  common  right  materially  concerned  the  zvhole  town,  it  ought 
to  be  legally  determined. 

About  Augufl:  lafl,  at  a  common  day,  the  award  and  covenant  bond  above- 
mentioned,  were  brought  out  of  the  chefl:  into  the  hall  to  be  examined,  after 
which  two  junior  Aldermen  were  ordered  to  replace  them  in  the  chefl,  agreeable 
to  the  cuftom  of  the  corporation. 

About  ten  days  before  the  lafl  March  Affizes,  the  Town  Clerk  gave  notice  of 
trial,  and  ajiplied  to  the  Mayor,  who  keeps  the  keys  of  the  corporation  chefl,  for 
the  award  and  covenant  bond,  which  upon  fearch  were  not  to  be  found,  though 
they  had  been  examined  fo  lately  as  the  Augufl  preceding.  U])on  this  very  extra- 
ordinary  bufmefs,  the  Recorder  was  confulted,  who  was  of  opinion,  that  as  the 
award  and  covenant  bond,  by  which  the  common  right  ivuji  have  been  ejiablijhedy 
was  fo  unaccountably  mifling,  notice  of  trial  fhould  be  countermanded.  The 
Juftices  concurre.i  in  opinion  with  him ;  and  the  Town  Clerk,  by  tbeir  dirediions, 
gave  orders  accordingly. 

This  being  a  ftate  of  fafts,  which  cannot  be  controverted  ;  Mr.  Bond  appeals  to 
the  unprejudiced  part  of  the  inhabitants  of  Cambridge,  whether,  in  a  bufmcfs 
which  was  firft  taken  up  and  continued  upon  public  grounds,  to  try  the  right  df 
the  -whole  town  to  the  common  in  queflion,  it  is  confiftcnt  with  equity  or  reafon, 
that  the  expences  (hould  fall  on  the  individual,  who  was  only  the  nominal  plaintiff 
in  this  bufinefs.  On  the  ftrange  difappearing  of  the  bond  and  azvard  he  forbears  to 
make  any  obfervation,  as  that  is  a  matter  which  fpeaks  for  itfelf.  His  fole  view 
in  the  whole  bufinefs  was  to  eftablifli  thofe  common  rights  which  he,  as  well  as 
everv  other  Freeman,  is  fworn  to  preferve  ;  and  he  has  not  a  doubt  but  this  would 
have  been  done,  and  the  prcfent  expence  avoided,  if  the  award  and  covenant  bond 
had  not  been  thus  unaccountably  tvithheld  from  the  Town  Clerk. 

ERRATA. 

p.  40.  1.  16.  For  "  Grey"  r.  "  Guy." 
r.  4.3.  1.  28.   For  "  he"  r.  "  the  hnrgeiles." 
P.  66.  1.  II.  Dec  "  Treiiipington." 
.App^;ndix,  to  Banuvtll,  p.  32.  1.  antep.  r.  "  Holbroke." 

r.  46.  I.  12.  16.  r.  "  the  Tunne  lake. 
53.  r   intercommoners. 

J.  47.  I.  12.  r,  53s.  3d. 


INSCRIPTIONS 


JBiU.  TojuBriiNfJiXXVIIL 


To  faeep.I.of^AppenJut 


/ 


C    t    3 


INSCRIPTIONS  on  "Three  large  Tablets^  on  the  South  Side 
of  the  Chancel  of  Barnwell  Church. 

In  Memory  of  fuch  of  his  Anceflors  and  other  Relations  as  are 
dead  and  are  here  named)  this  Monument  zvas  ereBed  by  ] hco^ 
Butler,  Efquire^  pref en t  Owner  of  this  EJJ ate,  A.  D.  1736. 

Table  I. 

THOMAS  BUTLER,  of  Greys-Inn,  London,  Efq;  Bar- 
rirter  at  Law,  fucceeded  his  father  Nicholas  in  his  eftate  at 
Orwell,  in  this  county.  He  married  Mary  daughter  of  Sir  William 
Dethick,  Knt.  of  Poplar,  near  London,  by  whom  he  had  Nevile- 
Alexander,  Thomas,  Jane,  Mary,  and  Joan.  He  was  buried  in 
the  chancel  of  Orwell,  by  his  father  Nicholas,  Feb.  i,  162 1. 

Ambrofe  Aglionby,  Efq;  hereafter  mentioned,  vvas  buried  in 
the  chancel  of  Orwell,  Nov.  22,  1651. 

John  Butler,  gent,  of  Leicefterfliire,  was  buried  here  Sept. 
22,  1669. 

Edward,  fon  of  Dr.  John  Moore,  late  Bifliop  of  Ely,  by  Rofe 
his  wife,  daughter  of  Mr.  Nevile-Alexander  Butler,  hereafter 
mentioned,  was  buried  here  March  g,  1  690. 

Nevile,  fon  of  Nevile  Butler,  now  of  Sandon  in  Hertford- 
fhire,   gent,   was  buried  here  June  13,    1720. 

Mrs.  Butler,  wife  of  Nevile  Butler,  gent,  of  Sandon,  afore- 
faid,   was  buried  here,  Jan.  14,    1723. 

Mrs.  Bodendike,  widow  of  Mr.  Jacob  Bodendike,  of  St. 
Martin's  Le  Grand,  London,  goldfmith,  and  mother  to  the 
widow  of  the  rev.  Dr.  Butler  hereafter  mentioned,  was  buried 
here  Nov.  5,  1729,  aged  92  years. 

B  The 


2  MONUMENTAL    HISTORY    OF 

The  rev.  Mr.  William  Butler,  fon  of  Dr.  John  Butler,  curate 
of  this  chapel ;  and  of  Cliff  in  Kent,  where  he  died,  and  was 
buried  in  the  church-yard  there  by  his  own  defire,  May  22,  1727, 
aged  31   years. 

Mr.  Benjamin  Butler,  another  of  the  fons  of  Dr.  Butler,  died 
at  London,  and  was  buried  here  October  22,  1731,  aged  36  years. 

Table  II. 

T<levile- Alexander  Butler,  gent=  Attorney  at  Law,  fon  of 
Thomas  Butler  aforefaid,  Efq;  fucceeded  him  in  his  eftate  at 
Orwell.  He  married  Cicely,  daughter  of  Ambrofe  Aglionby,  of 
the  Inner  Temple,  London,  Efq;  one  of  the  Fellows  and  mod 
antient  Barrifters  of  that  honourable  Society,  bv  whom  he  had 
feven  fons  and  Icven  daughters ;  (viz.)  Thomas,  Margaret, 
Ambrofe,  Humphry,  Mary,  Cicely,  John,  Nicholas,  Rofe,  William, 
William,  Jane,  Elizabeth,  and  a  daughter  Itill-born  ;  all  buried 
at  Orwell. 

The  faid  Nevile-Alexander  Butler  exchanged  his  eftate  at  Orwell 
for  this,  with  Sir  Thomas  Chichely,  1659  ;  then  came  hither  to 
dwell,  being  the  firft  Owner  that  lived  therein  fince  the  Diffo- 
lution.  He  w^s  buried  here,  March  17,  1674;  and  Cicily  his 
widow,   Feb.  23,  1693. 

Of  their  children  buried  at  Orwell,  William,  Elizabeth,  Thomas, 
Margaret,  Humphry;  William  5  months,  Auguft  7,  1652; 
Elizabeth  10  months,  Sept.  i,  165G;  Thomas,  aged  27  years^ 
Sept.  30,  1658. 

Of  them  buried  here. 

Cicely,         ")  28  fMarch  26,   1680. 

Ambrofe,     /  48  I  March  1 9,   1685. 

Nicholas,     ^aged  38    years.  ^  February  i,    1686- 

Mary,  1  56  /April  8,   1696. 

John,  j  69  \jAix  22,  1714. 

Rofe 


THE    FAMILY     OF     BUTLER. 


Rofe, 

William, 

Jane, 


buried  at 
39  fSt. Giles's, London, Aug.  21,1689. 

>aged  62   years. <  Finchlcy,  in  Middlefex,  17 15. 
76 


Nanby,  in  Lincolnfliire,  1730. 

He  was  fucceeded  by  his  fecond  fon  A7nbrofe  Butler,  Efq;  who 
married  Margaretta  Maria,  daughter  of  Edward  Sydenham,  Efq; 
by  whom  he  had  Vere^  a  daughter  born  after  his  death.  He  was 
buried  here  March  19,   1685. 

To  him  fucceeded  his  faid  daughter,  who  lived  three  years, 
and  was  buried  at  Ongar  in  Effex,  1689.  She  was  fucceeded  by 
the  rev.  John  Butler,  LL.  D.  redlor  of  Wallingtoii,  in  Hert- 
fordfliire,  her  uncle  (who  enjoyed  that  living  44  years).  He 
married  Sufannah,  daughter  of  Mr.  Jacob  Codendick,  of  St. 
Martin's  Le  Grand,  London,  goldfmith,  by  whom  he  had  eleven 
fons  and  five  daughters ;  nine  born  at  Wallington,  feven  at  Barn- 
well, viz.  Jacob,  Ambrofe,  John,  Sufanna,  Nevile,  Elizabeth, 
Rofe,  Cicely,  Jane,  Thomas,  William,  Benjamin,  William, 
Alexander,   Charles,  Francis. 

Sufanna,    -^  10 


years.- 


buried  here  April  9,   1696. 


Elizabeth,  ,     8 

„.     ,  >  aged     , 

Cicely,  ^        6 

William,  ^  2 

All  died  of  the  fmall-pox,  and  buried  in  one  grave  under 
the  family  feat. 

Charles,      1  7  "|  [March  4,  1699. 

Francis,       -aged  5  months.  >  buried  here,  |  February  i,  1700. 

Alexander,]  8  J  [Augufli6,   1706. 

Ambrofe  Butler,  gent,  attorney  at  law,  in  London,  fecond  fon. 
of  Dr.  Butler,  was  buried  in  St.  Katharine's  Church,  near  the 
Tower  •-'■■,  February  22,  17  12,  aged  29  years. 

Dr.  Butler  aforefaid  was  buried  here  May  22,  17  14,  aged  69 
years,   at  the  entrance  into  this  chancel. 

*  Sir  James  Butler  (probably  a  relation)  was  Mafler  of  the  Roya^  Hofpital  of  ?t. 
Kaiharire,  from  16S4  to  1693.'  See  Bibl.  i  op.  Bfit.  No.  V.  p.  22,  and  App.  p.  88. 

B   2  Table 


4.  MONUMENTALHISTORYOF 

Table  III. 

He  was  fucceeded  in  this  eftate  by  Jacob  Butler,  Efq;  his  eldefl 
fon,  barrifter  at  Law  of  Greys-Inn,  A.  M.  of  this  Univerfity. 
He  married  Rofe,  daughter  of  the  rev.  Mr.  Clerk,  re£tor  of 
Somerby  in  Lincolnfliire,  by  Jane,  daughter  of  Mr.  Nevile- 
Alexander  Butler  aforefaid,  by  whom  he  had  a  fon  and  two 
daughters ; 


Jacob, 
Rofe, 

Mary, 


>  buried  here 


April  14,  1723. 
July  7,  1726. 
March  8,  1729. 

All  in  a  grave  under  this  monument. 

Jane  Dixon  (omitted  in  the  firll:  table),  daughter  of  Thomas 
Butler,  Efq;   was  buried  here  June  30,  1669. 

Mrs.  Butler,  widow  of  Ur.  Butler  aforefaid,  died  January  12, 
1739,  ^'^^  buried  here  the  17th,  aged  78  years,  in  the  fame 
grave  with  her  hufband. 

Mr.  John  Butler,  holler,  third  fon  of  Dr.  Butler,  died  Auguft 
2,   buried  5th,   in  llhngton  church-yard,  1750,   aged  66. 

Alfo  buried  here  Mr.  Nevile  Butler,  of  Sandon,  in  Hert- 
fordfliire,  farmer,  fourth  fon  of  Dr.  Butler  aforefaid,  died  there 
July  12,  1756,  aged  69  years;  leaving  behind  him  a  fon  and 
five  daughters,   all  grown  up. 

Mrs.  Rofe  Hardy,  relidt  of  the  rev.  Mr.  Hardy,  fevcnth  child 
of  Dr.  Butler  aforefaid,  died  January  1 1,  i  757,  aged  67  ;  buried 
in  the  church  of  Saltfleet,   Lincolnshire. 


Qn 


THETAMILYOFBUTLER.  5 

On  the  North  Side  of  the  Chancel,  on  'Three  other  large  Tablets, 

is  the  follozving  Infcription  : 

As  the  other  Monuments  would  not  contain  what  was  defigned  to 
^e  put  thereon,  the  /aid  ^zcoh  Butler,  Efq\  ered'ied  this,  February 

1757- 

Table  IV. 

Jacob  Butler,  Efq;  Barriller  at  Law,  A.  M.  of  this  Uni- 
verfity,  died  the  28th  day  of  May,  1765;  and  buried  here  the 
31ft  day  of  May,  aged  84;  alfo  Rose  his  wife,  the  5th  day 
of  May,  1778,  and  buried  here  the  13th  day  of  May,  aged  87  ; 
both  in  a  grave,  made  by  himfelf  before  his  death,  on  the  South 
fide  of  this  chancel,  near  the  other  monument.  They  lived  and 
died  as  friends.  His  unvariable  fteadinefs  in  the  caufe  of  Liberty 
would  have  intitled  him  to  rewards  in  any  age  or  country  where 
Virtue  was  not  a  crime,  and  Corruption  the  fafeft  path  to  Honour. 
As  his  fentiments  relating  to  the  public  were  founded  in  prin- 
ciple, fo  was  his  conduct  in  private  life ;  wherein  it  would  be 
hard  to  decide  whether  his  conjugal  affecSlion,  his  firmnefs  in 
friendfliip,  or  benevolence  in  charity  truly  Chriftian,  flione  the. 
brighteit ;  for  he  was  confpicuous  in  all. 

In  the  year  1754, 

To  ftem  the  venality  and  corruption  of  the  times,  he  offered 
himfelf  candidate  to  reprefent  this  county  in  parliament,  unfup- 
ported  by  the  influence  of  the  great,  the  largefs  of  the  wealthy, 
or  any  intereif,  but  that  his  fingle  charadter  could  eftablifh,  the 
efteem  of  all  honeif  men  and  lovers  of  their  country.  But  when 
he  found  the  ffcruggies  for  Freedom  faint  and  inefledtual,  and  his 
fpirits  too  weak  to  refill  the  eflbrts  of  its  enemies,  he  contented 
himfelf  with  the  teftimony  of  thofe  few  friends  who  dare  to  be 
free,  and  of  his  own  unbialTed  confcience,  which,  ui^on  this  as 
well  as  every  other  occafion,  voted  in  his  favour;  and  upon  thele 
accounts  he  was  juilly  intitled  to  the  name  of  the  Old  Briton. 
3  Now, 


6  MONUMENTAL     HISTORY    OF 

Now,  Header, 
Behold  his  hard(hips  and  ill  ufage  in  life. 
In  the  year  17 14,  he  lucceeded  his  father  in  this  eilatc,  of  the 
yearly  value  of  335/.  never  let  for  more,  yet  taxed  at  635  /.  occa- 
lioned  thus  :  His  father,  in  the  year  1705,  endeavouring  to  get 
Sturbitch  Fair  rated  to  the  poor,  as  well  as  then  taxed,  die  Recorder 
of  the  Corporation,  then  Sir  John  Cotton,  Daniel  Love,  Francis 
Piercy,  Aldermen,  and  Thomas  Gale  Common-council  man,  all 
Commiffioners  of  the  Land-tax.  and  owners  of  good  eftates  in  the 
faid  Fair,  then  leading  men  and  governors  of  the  faid  Corporation, 
by  the  help  of  others,  took  the  tax  from  off  their  eftates,  and  all 
others  of  the  faid  Fair,  that  had  always  paid  in  Barnwell  parifli,  and 
laid  it  upon  the  eftate  of  Dr.  Butler  his  father.  No  redrefs  to  be 
had  by  appealing ;  fo  continued  for  fome  years  after  the  faid  Jacob 
Butler  entered  thereon  ;  then  got  fome  redrefs,  fo  as  to  have  his 
eftate  taxed  at  420/.  and  fo  hath  continued  ever  fmce,  to  his 
great  damage  and  oppreffion,  under  a  large  mortgage,  fcven 
brothers  and  lifters  portions  to  pay,  four  annuities  of  2^0 /.per 
annum,  two  great  fires,  one  in  17 17,  the  other  in  1731,  in 
which  he  loft  four  thoufand  pounds  ;  on  both  which,  colledlions 
were  had  by  letters  of  requeft  ;  no  benefit  to  himfelf,  by  au- 
thority of  the  then  juftices,  who  told  him,  that  unlefs  he  would 
fvvear  he  was  not  worth  500/.  he  fhould  have  no  part  of  that 
money;  which  he  refu  fed,  fo  loft  that  111  are  he  ought  to  have 
had.  The  like  attempt  was  made  as  to  the  brief  obtained  by  the 
juftices,  Jofeph  Kettle  at  their  head,  who  was  a  fon  of  his  grand- 
father's horfe-keeper;  but  in  that  he  fucceeded,  and  had  to  his 
lliare  the  fum  of  800/.     So  ended  his  life. 

Table  V. 

To  fupport  himfelf  under  the  hardfliips  in  the  other  table,  he 
took  into  occupation  all  his  eftate,  though  very  unfit  for  fuch  an 
undertaking,  to  enable  himfelf  to  bear  the  burthens  aforefaid  ; 

fuc- 


THE    FAMILY    OF    BUTLER.  7 

fucceeded  fo  well  as  to  make  good  all  his  annual  payments,  and 
to  guard  againft  all  the  other  demands.  In  1721  he  married  a 
good  and  induilrious  wife,  ready  to  take  her  lliare  of  the  yi;ke 
then  on  his  flioulders,.  hy  whofe  fortune  and  diligence  lightened 
and  enabled  him  to  go  forward. 

In  1724,  when  an  a(5l  was  procured  for  a  turnpike  from: 
Cambridge  to  London,  he  was  therein  appointed  a  trulfee.  In 
1731,  parties  running  high,  a  new  one  was  obtained,  grounded 
on  great  frauds  and  abufes  committed  by  the  old  truftees,  at  the 
expence  of  the  turnpike-money ;  to  fupport  which  charge,  he 
was  pitched  upon  to  make  good  the  faid  abufe  ;  for  which  end, 
he  was  fummoned  to  the  county  feffions  ;  arraigned  in  his  gown, 
convided,.  fined  10/.  and  for  non-payment  was  committed.  He 
excepted  to  their  jurikiiiftion,.  and  fubmitted  his  cafe  to  any 
Lawyer  of  their  own.  choofing,  which  was  accepted ;  and  Sir 
Philip  Yorke,  then  Attorney-general,  was  nominated  and  accepted 
of;  his  cafe  drawn  up,  and  laid  before  him  ;  had  his  opinion 
in  favour  of  himfelf,  with  which  he  went  to  Ely,  to  the  then 
Under-flieriff,  Peacock  by  name,  in  order  to  fave  the  ellreating 
of  his  fine ;  he,  being  one  of  their  party,  did  refufe  it,  and. 
told  him,  he  did  not  know  but  he  might  forge  it ;  then  went 
with  it  to  Newmarket,  to  one  Goodale,  then  Deputy  clerk  of  the 
peace;  there  meeting  with  the  fame  fate,  at  latt  was  obli;^ed  to 
tender  it  to  Jofeph  Kettle,  Chairman  at  the  next  quarter  feffions, 
one  of  his  judges,  and  told  him,  it  was  hard  for  him,  at  the 
expence  of  two  guineas,  to  teach  him  and  his  brethren  law;  and. 
{o  was  difcharged. 

Ahab,  King  of  Ifrael,  wanted  Naboth's  vineyard,  offered  him 
an  equivalent  for  it,  but  could  not  prevail.  Mr.  Sindry,  an  Alder- 
man of  this  town,  wanting  part  of  my  property,  thereon  to 
erefb  a  dog-kenncl ;  Dp[)lied  to  his  brethren  for  a  leafe  of  a  fpot 
of  ground,  o:^  which  he  did  eredt  one, 

Table 


8  ACCOUNT    OF    JACOB    BUTLER. 

Table  VI. 

without  any  application  to  me;  whereby  I  was  obliged  to  bring 
my  adtion,  and  had  a  verdi(51:,  whereby  it  was  pulled  down,  to  the 
fatisfadlion  of  many.  This  not  fuiting  his  pride,  Jezabel-like,  he 
lloned  me  with  three  indi6tments,  aisd  my  lervant  with  a  'slui  taw^ 
for  being  in  my  own  manor  with  a  brace  of  greyhounds;  to  all 
which  I  appeared,  pleaded,  and  joined  iifne  in  order  for  trial,  but 
never  tried ;  fo  he  had  his  ends  in  ironing  my  pocket,  but  faving  my 
life ;  this  was  a  great  expence  to  me.  To  fiipport  his  right  of  flieep- 
walk  in  all  the  Lammas  grounds  on  the  South  fi'ie  of  the  tpwn  of 
Cambridge,  from  being  plowed,  digged,  or  inclofed,  Edward 
Gillam,  a  farmer  of  this  town,  thougli  apprized  thereof,  would 
plow  up  his  own  land,  and  fuch  others  as  he  could  hire,  to  the 
amount  of  thirty  acres,  whereby  all  fheep  were  damaged  in  their 
feed,  much  more  in  their  winter  layer :  was  obliged  to  bring  his 
adlion  againft  him,  which  was  tried;  a  verdidt  obtained,  and  are 
now  laid  dow^n  again,  w^iich  I  hope  will  be  a  warning  to  others 
from  doing  the  like.   This  w^as  done  for  the  benefit  of  this  eftate. 

To  regulate  the  great  abufes  on  the  commons  of  Cambridge,  in 
1752,  he  pounded  the  horfes  and  cows  of  feveral  put  thereon, 
and  made  them  pay  ;  but  one  Child,  an  inmate,  replevied  his ;  to 
fupport  whofe  action,  a  fubfcription  was  fet  on  foot,  and  thereon 
was  colletfted  fifty  pounds.  The  acflion  was  tried  ;  a  verdi6t  had 
againfi:  him,  with  colls.  This,  he  thought,  would  have  ended  the 
abufes,  which  flill  continue,  though  the  Corporation  are  the  regu- 
lators of  them;  and  on  the  admiflion  of  every  member  into  the 
body, "he  takes  an  oath  not  to  abufe,'or  fee  them  abufed  ;  fo  little 
regard  is  paid  to  an  oath,  which  is  the  only  tye  of  property  ! 

He  feared  his  God  ; 
he  honoured  his  king  ; 
he  defpifed  his  foes ; 
and  valued  his  friends. 

PE  DI- 


APPENDIX    TO    BARNWELL. 


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APPENDIX. 

L 

Proceffus  ElevStionis  Prioris  de  Bernewell,  Elienf.  Dioc. 
Ex  Reglil:.  Prioratus,  p.  ^^.  et  Reglftr,  W.  Grey,  Ep'l  ElienT,  f.  157. 

EDVVARDUS  Dei  gratia  rex  Angl',  Fran',  et  dris  Hyb',  venerab'  in  Chrifto 
Patri  Will'  eadeni  gra'  epilc'  Eli'  falutem.  Sciatis  quod  eledtioni  nuper  faft^  m 
domo  five  prioratu  canon'  de  Bernwell  ord'  St.  Aug'  veftra?  dioc'  de  rcligioib  viro 
Fra'  Will'  Tebald,  canonico  ejufdem  domus  five  prioratus,  in  priorem  et  paflorem 
domus  five  prioratus  prjed'  regium  aiTenlum  adhibuimus  et  favorem.  Et  hoc  vobis 
rcnore  pra?fcntium  fignificamus,  ut  quod  veltrum  eft  in  hac  parte  exequamini.  In 
cujus  rei  teftimonium  has  iiteras  noftras  fieri  fecimus  patentes.  Tefte  meipib  apud 
Weft',  ^o  die  Nov',  an'  regni  noftri  14. 

Rev'inChrifto  patri  et  driodiio  WillmoDei  gratia  Elienf  epifc'veftroquecoiiiifrario 
feu  coffiiflariis  quibufcunque  veftri  humiles  et  devoti  filii  lubprior  et  conventus  domus 
ecclefia;  conventualis  canonicorum  de  Bernwell,  ordinis  St.  Aug'  veflrae  Elienf  dioc', 
tarn  debitam  quani  devotam  obedientiam  cum  omni  reverentia  et  honore  debitam 
tanto  patri.   Sacris  canonibus  conftat  elle  ftatutum  quod  ultra  3  menfes  pralato  pro- 
prio  noncareatecclefia  regularis,  ne  per  defertum  paftoris  invadat  gregem  dominicam 
lupus   rapax,  aut  in  facultatibus   luis   grave  dilpendium  patiatur.     Veftrs   igirur 
rev'  paternitati  notum  facimus  per  prsefentes  quod  vacante  nuper  di(^a  eccl'  noftra 
conventuali  per  priorem  ekftivum  et  perpctuum  folita  gubernari  per  liberum  refig- 
nationem  ac  puram   et  fpontaneam  ceffionem  et  dimilTionem  religiofi  viri  Era'  JoU 
Whaddon,  ult'  Prioris  ibid  in   facras  manus  veftras  fponte  nuper  faiSam  et  per  vcs 
rev'  pat'  admiffam  ac  in  dida  eccte  et  prioratum  noft'  10  Nov',  1474,  notificatam, 
ex  qua  tunc  noticiam  habere  cepimus  primo  et  non  ante,  petitaque  et  obtenta,  ut 
moris  eft,  ab  illuftrifiimo  in  Chrifto  principe  et  domino  noftroEdw'Dei  gratia,  &c. 
noftro  patrono  licentia  nobis  et  eiidem  prioratui  et  ecclefiae  futurum  priorem  in  eadem 
ccclcfia  eligendi.  Nos  frat'  Will'  Tebald,  prcpfidcns  et  fubprior  dida;  ecclefiii:  et  con» 
fratres  et  canonici  noftri  infrafcripti   omncs  et  finguli  tunc  prjefentes  ordinem  re» 
gularem  fecundum  reg'  St.  Aug'  m  eadem  ecclefia  exprefl'e  profeffi,  et  in  facris  or- 
dinibus  conllituti,  jus  eligendi  nobis  futurum  priorem  in  eadem  ecclefia  de  jure 
habentes  20  die  Nov'  anno  fupradido  in  domo  capitulari  ejufdem   ecclefize  more 
folito  capitulariter  congregati  et   capitulum  eodem  die  facientes,  unanimi   conienlu 
et    aflTenfu    omnium    et    fingulorum    confratrum    noft'  prnsd'    tunc    prosfentium. 
Statuimus  et  prefiximus  concorditcr  inter  nos  in   difta  domo  capitulari,   nobis  et 
quibufcunque  aliis  jus  eligendi  futurum  priorem  in   dida  ecclefia  habennbus  de 
confuetudine  vcl  de  jure  terminum  ad  comparendum   in   eadem  domo   noftra  capi- 
tulari  ubi  eleftionum  hujufmodi  negotia  folitum  eft  tractare  St  ad  procedcndum  in 

B  b  i  huJLif- 


1.2  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 

huj'jfmodi  eleftionis  negotio  de  futuro  priore  in  didia  ecclefia  canon'  celebrand',. 
ac  provi  iend'  nobis  et  ecclellse  eidem  per  cle6ltonem.canoni.cam  de  futuro  priore 
ut  premittitur,  in  e:idem  domo,  die  Sabati,  pro\'  poft  feft'  bfe  Katerin^  ex  tunc 
fequcnt'  an'  fupradicto,  cum  continuatione  cc  prcrogatione  dicrum  fi  oporteat  fe- 
qiient'  quoufque  difta  ekttio  foret  canonice  celebrata.  Et  decrevimus  tunc  ibidem 
omnes  et  tmgulos  jus  ec  vocem  in  hujufmodr  eleflione  habentes  de  confuet'.idine  vel 
de  jure,  fi  qui  linr,  fore  vocandos  ec  prcemonendos  ad  diclum  diem  et  locum  cum 
continuaiione  ec  prorogatior.e  priedic'  una  nobifcum  fubpricre  ec  conventu  prcrdic' 
de  et  lupra  dicta  c'edione  tradlaturos,  et  jus  fuum,  fi  quod  haberunt,  profccururos, 
ulteriulque  in  diets  clec'ticnis  negotio  procefiuros  ct  prcfecuiuros  ulque  ad  finalem 
expeditionem  cjuldem. — Qj-io  die  Sabati,  viz.  26  Nov',  &c.  mane  hora  capiiulari 
ad  elipendum  futurum  priorem  ejufdem  eccla:  et  canonicze  providendiim  de  codem, 
in  dicfa  domo  capUulari  fic  aflignato  et  prsfixo  advcniente,  celebrata  per  nos  in 
didla  eccta  primitus  mifla  de  fpiritu  S.  et  fubfequenter  ad  fonitum  campamc  com- 
p.-,ren[ibus  et  prirfentibus  perfonaliter  in  eadem  domo  nofira  capitulari  hora  ca- 
pitulari  more  loli'o  capitulariter  congrcgatis  omnibus  et  fingulis  confracribus  et  ca- 
nonicis  noftris  in  feu  de  dida  eccta  exigent',  viz.  omnibus  et  fingulis  qui  voluerunt, 
potuerunt,  et  debuerunt,  in  hujuimodi  eledtionis  negotio  commode  interefle,  viz. 
confracribus  nobis  Will.  Tebald'  lubpriore  prffidifto,  Nicolao  Cagge,  Will' Bowman, 
Will'  MalTev,  Joh'  Leveryngton  praicentore,,  Joh'  French  lacrilla,  et  Rob* 
Wacherley  legitime  cicat'  fed  contumaciter  abfent',  et  Johanne  Soham  ex  tunc 
ct  pro  nunc  dicfar  tccte  canonicis  orJinem  regularem  fccundum  regulam  Sti  Au- 
guflini  in  eadem  eccla  exprelle  profeffis  prefbiteris,  jus  eligendi  priorem  in  didla 
eccla  ut  prsfertur  habentibus  ;  aflumptifque  ad  nos  pro  faniori  confilio  habendo 
quibufdam  perfonis  fecularibiiSj  viz.Magris  Ricardo  Robinfon  decretorum,  et  Simone 
Burgoin,  legum  dodloribus,  Will'  Malfter  in  decretis  licen',  et  Hen'  Rudd  in 
urr^.que  jure  bac'  et  Rob'  Bredon,  et  Tho'  Angold,  notariis  publicis  :  Q^uibus 
quidem  perlonis  fecularibvis  diliger.ter  per  nos  requifitis,  viz.  Magill-er  Will' 
Malfter,  lanquam  juris  peritus  pro  informatione  noflra,  prcefati  vero  magiftri  Ric' 
Robinfon,  Simon  Burgoyn,  Hen'  Rudde,  et  Tho'  Angold,  tanquam  confiliarii  et 
telles,  di(5t'  vero  Rob'  Bredon  ut  not'  pub',  pra;didtit  eledioni  interefFent.  Incon- 
rinencer  didtus  fracer  Joh'  Leveryngton,  confrater  nofter,  ad  oliium  clauftri  publice 
prociamavic  nomine  noftro  ct  conventus,  ut  omnes  et  finguli  qui  voluerint,  po- 
tuerunt,  et  debuerunt  interefle  eledtioni  pricdifta;,  fi  qui  tunc  prfefentes  non  eranr, 
ad  didam  domum  capitularem  (latim  per  fe  vel  procuratores  accederent,  nobifcum  et 
diftis  confracriLiUs  nolbis  de  dicta  eledione  tradtacuri,  et  jus  fuum  li  quod  haberenc 
profecucuri  piflUL  jure  voiunc.  Qua  proclamatione  fadta,  nulloalio  adido  fratre  Joh' 
cpponen' et  jus  aliquod  pra-cend'  nos  pra^fidens  et  fubjirior  prasdid',  de  con'enfu, 
voluntate,  autontate,  et  mandato  omnium  et  fingulorum  contratrum  nollruni  pre- 
dictor' in  di^'  domo  capitulari  exiftent'  nobis  in  hac  parte  fadl'  quafdam  monitiones 
et  protefiariones  fecimus,  rune  ibidem  in  fcriptis  monentes  primo,  Iccundo,  et 
tertio  in  genere  omnes  excommuiiicatos,  fufpenios,  et  interdidos  canonicos,  vel  alios 
quofcunque  fi  quis  vel  fiqui  forfan  intcT  nos  tunc  fuiflet  vel  fuiflenc,  aut  qui  de  jure  vel 
confui-tudine  eidem  elcdtioni  faciend^  tunc  interefle  non  deberet,  vel  non  deberenr, 
quod  a  nobis  ct  a  domo  noitro  capitulate   Uatini  recederent,  et  reccderet  qu.libet 

eorundem, 


O  F    B  A  R  N  W  E  L  L    A  B  B  E  T.  13 

corundem,  nos  et  quofcunque  ]us  habentes  intcrelFcndi  in  hujufmodi  elt-d^Ione  eli- 
gendi  et  providcndi  nobis  et  didls-  ecclefije  de  futuro  priore,  libere  cligcre  et  pro- 
vidcre  canonice  pcrmittentes.  Et  protellabantur  pro  nol)i3  et  toto  coriventu  priedidto, 
quod  non  fuit  intentionis  noftrns  live  didti  conventtis  quod  aliqui  excommunicati, 
kilpcnfi,  vcl  incerdiifti,  five  alii  jus  intereflTendi,  eligendi,  providendi,  in  ea  parte, 
in  priBteitur,  non  habentes  nobifcum  in  hujufmodi  cleftioms  negoiio  quoque  modo 
intercfilnt  -,  nee  vo'.umus  nut  intendimus  cligere  aut  providere  dc  priore,  ut  pra;- 
mittitur,  cum  eirdem  :  Sed  volunuis  et  protellati  fuinu*.,  palam  et  exprcfle  tunc 
ibidem  et  pro  toto  conventu,  quod  fi  qui  tales  interclTc  una  nobilcuni  in  iiujufmodi 
cledlione  ncftra  in  eventu  reperiantur,  qucd  abfir,  voces  talium  et  dicfta  et  fatta 
qi  acunque  cujuflibet  iplbrum  pro  nullis  penitus  habeantur,  nullique  pralhuit  luf- 
tragium  aut  afferant  nccumentum.  Reccdeniibulque  a  didta  domo  capitulari  prs- 
diciis  perlonis  lecularibus  de  mandato  nofcro:  et  in  ipforum  ab(^ntia  liabita  inter  nos- 
fubpriorem  et  confratres  nofiros  prsdidos  capitulum  ut  prfemittitur,  facientes,  de 
via  procedendi  m  negccio  eleflionis  memorar-^  delibcratione  diligenti;  invocata  Sp. 
S.  gratia ;  revocatis  prffidi6lis  pcrfonis  fecularibus  direftoribus,  teftibus,  et  notar', 
ympnoque  Vent  Creator  Spiritus  devote  decantato  cum  coUefta,  pcrleftifque  Uteris 
licentis  diii  regis,  ac  toto  tenore  conftitutionis  concilii  generalis  §!uia  propter  per 
didtum  mag'  Will'  Maltfler  de  mandato  iiro  de  verbo  ad  verbum,  ct  publice  per  eund' 
expofit',  per  quam  viam  de  eleclionis  effct  melius  procedend',  repente  quail  per  in- 
fpirationem  Sp.  S.abfque  alia  infligatione  unanimiter,  concorditer,  et  coiTumiter,  fine 
conditicne  aliquali  placuic  nobis  et  fingulis  et  omnibus  diifti  prioratus  canonicis- 
fVatrem  Will*  lebald  fubpriorem  prxdiftum  virum,  utique  religiofum,  difcretum, 
providum,  et  honeftum,  in  religione  prsdifla  exprtlTe  profefium,  per  plures  annos 
approbatum,  virtutibus  infigmtum,  et  muitipliciter  commendatum,  prefbiterum 
quadraginta  annos  tttatis  et  amplius  habentem,  in  matrimonio  legicimo  procrcatum, 
in  eodem  ordine  ac  diflo  prioratu  admilTum  in  Ipiritualibus  et  temporalibus  plu- 
rimum  circumlpe^tum,  fcicntem  et  valentem  jura  prioratus  prasdidti  defendere  et: 
tueri,  cui  in  quantum  fciri  poterit  nichil  obviat  de  canonicis  infHtutis  in  priorem 
di(fti  prioratus,  ac  ipfum  fie  fubito  infpiratum,  confenlis  et  votis  fimul  expteffis, 
quafi  uno  fpiritu  et  una  voce  fimul  eligimus,  ac  volumus,  ct  elegitiius  in  priorem^ 
Et  quamvis  quas  Ipiritu  Dei  aguntur  non  iuntlub  lege,  five  anguiliis  formarum  juris 
arceantur;  ex  habundanti  tamcn  ad  majorem  exprelTionem,  ego  Will'  Malley 
pried',  de  mandato  et  voluntate  omnium  confratrum  meorum,  ac  vice  ac  nomine  eo- 
rundem,  et  nomine  meo,  prasfatum  tVatrem  Will'  Tebald,  fie  ut  prafcrtur,  una- 
nimiter ct  concorditer  per  me  et  confratres  meos  eleftum  in  priorem  didti  prioratus, 
eligo  in  communi  et  eidem  provideo  de  eodem,  ipfimque  ele6lionem  ut  premitdtur 
celebratam  nos  omnes  et  finguli  tunc  prjetentes  rullo  nollrum  rcclamante  cxprefie  ec 
concorditer  approbavimus  et  ratificavimus:  et  Te  Deum  laudanius  devote  cantantes 
ufque  ad  fummum  altare  diftum  iplum  elcctum  nofirum  quidem  confratres  nof- 
trorum  depoitaverunt,  ac  didtam  cleciionem  de  dido  elefto,  finite  cantu  cum 
collefta,  fie  canonice  fadtam^  clero  et  populo  in  lingua  roaterna,  per  didtum  fratrem 
Wiir  Mafiey  de  mandato  noOro  fecimus  folemnitcr  pubiicari,  et  ilibicquenter, 
didta  eledtione  fie  ut  prasmirtitur  pubiicata,  et  eidem  elcdto  g  fratres  noftros  W^ili' 
Bowman  et  Will'  Maffey,  procuratores  noftros  in  hac  parte  Ipecialiter  deputatos : 

ac 


14  A  I'  P  E  N  D  I  X    T  O    T  H  E    H  I  S  T  O  R  Y 

ac  mandatum  noflium  admittentes  prsfentata,  ut  eidem  eledtioni  de  fe  canonice  fie 
ctlebrata  fuuni  prsberet  conlenfiim  ec  aflenfuai  fcpius  et  cum  inRantia  requifitus; 
idem  tamen  elecftus  ie  pluriesexcufans,  et  fuam  infufficientiam  allegans  et  pretendens, 
tandem  pofl:  meridiem  cjufdem  diei,  poft  excufationes  multiplices,  nolens  ut  aJTeruic 
iilteiius  refillere  divinje  voluntati  de  divina  confifus  dementia  annuic  et  confenfit  fub 
hac  veiboium  forma.  "  In  Dei  nomine,  Amen.  Ego  Will'  Tebald,  canonicus  regu- 
laris  eccti^  de  Bernwell,  ordinis  Sti  Aug'  Elienf  dioc'  in  eodem  prioratu  ordinem 
regularem  expreffe  profeflus,  in  priorem  didi  prioratus  per  conventum  ejufdcm 
ecctia;  cleftus,  et  ad  confentiend'  eidem  eleitioni  de  nic  faftum  per  partem  eli- 
gentium  fepe  et  cum  inftantia  ac  tempore  debito  requilitus,  nolens  ulterius 
dlvinfe  refillerc  voluntati  Chrifto  nomine  primicus  invocato  eidem  eleiflioni  de  me 
f'aiflx  et  celebratie  de  divina  confifus  dementia  :  In  nomine  St;\;  individuje  Trinitatis 
Patris,  Filii,  et  Sp.  S.  ac  beatns  Maris  virginis,  et  Sti  Egidii,  in  cujus  honore  didta 
ccdia  efl:  dedicata  confenfio  in  his  fcriptis." 

Cum  igitur  ejufdem  eleftionis  et  eledi  confirmatio  ad  vos  pertineat,  rev'  pater, 
eidem  paternitaci  veftr^  nos  prefidens  et  conventus  fupradifti  humiliter  fupplicamus 
ct  devote,  quatenus  proceffum  eled:ionis  noflrse  prjediflce  approbantes,  electionem 
nollram  priediftam  dignemini  confirmare,  ca^teraque  peregerequffi  vefiro  in  hac  parte 
incumbunt  officio  paftorali,  ut  Deo  autore,  nobis  et  prioraiui  pra?dido  cursque 
cifdeni  imminenti  velut  gubcrnator  et  prior  idoneus  prseffe  valeat  et  prodeffe  ; 
rofque  fab  ipfius  laudibili  regimine  poffimus  coram  Deo  perenniter  defervire. 
Ceterum  ut  veftra  paternitas  rev'  cognofcat  evidentius  vota  noftra  in  pramifiis,  ut 
prjemitritur  concordaiTe  ac  nos  in  petitione  hujufmodi  exiltere  unanimcs  et  Con- 
cordes priefentes  literas  noltras  elcfiionis  noftra;  decretum  continences,  figillo  noftro 
confignatas,  ac  figno  ec  fubfcriptione  magri  Rob'  Bredon  notarii  public!  fignat',  pa- 
ternitaci veitrse  rev'  tranfmittimus  p  pra;ltnces.  Dat'et  acfla  fuerunt  fupradifta,  ptss- 
fixio  et  termini  affignacio  ad  eligend',  &c.  alia,  ut  prxmittitur  in  dome  noftra  ca- 
pitulari,  anno,  &c.  1474,  indicl'  8,  pontif  fandiff' in  Chrifto  patris  et  dni  noftri 
dni  Sixti  div'  prov'  papre  quarti  anno  4°,  menfis  vero  Novembris  20  et  26  ;  prae- 
Icntibus  tunc  ibidem  ad  ados  cgregiis  et  diicretis  viris  Magris  Rico  Hobynlon  de- 
crctor',  Symone  Burgoyn  legum  doctoribus,  ac  Henrico  Ruddc  in  utroque  jure  bac', 
Cov'  ec  Lich',  Norw',  et  l.inc'dioc',  tcftibus  ad  prasmilla  fpetialiter  vocatis. 

E"o  Rob'  Bredon,  cJer'  Ebor'  dioc',  pub'  autoritate  apoftolica  et  imperiali  no- 
tnrius -,  pra^nifils  ceterifque  omnibus  et  fingulis  dum  fie  ut  prcemittiiur,  lub  anno, 
&:c.  fuperius  expreflatis,  una  cum  teftibus  pra-nominatis,  pnefens  perfonaliter  interfui, 
eaque  omnia  et  fingula  fie  fieri  vidi  et  audivi,  fcripfi,  publicavi,  et  in  banc  formam 
rcderri  publicam,  meque  hie  fubfcripfi,  fignoque  ec  nomine  meis  folitis  et  confuetis 
una  cum  figillo  communi  didi  prioratus  fignavi  rogaius  et  requifitus  in  fidem  et 
tcft'  omnium  ct  fingulorum  pra;miirorum. 

Scquitur  commifllo  ad  confirmandum  eledionem.  Sed  confirmatio  ipfa  epi 
Elienfis  vacat,  vcl  commillarii  Rici  Bole  archini  Elienf. 

N°  II. 


OFBARNWELLABBEY.  x^ 

N°  II. 
Alia  Ele(5lio  Prions  de  Bernwell,  Elienf  dioc'. 

VAC  ANTE  prioratu  de  Bernwell  per  morrem  naturalem  bone  mcmorie  fratris 
Jotiis  Poket,  qui  \icefimo  oftavo  die  nicnfis  Augufti,  anno  D'ni  mcccc  fexa- 
gelimo  quarto,  infra  prioratum  prcdi£ium  diem  fuum  clauiit  extremum  ipfiufque 
corpore  fubfequenterin  dida  ecctia  ecclefiafte  iradito  fepulture,  petita  er  obtenta  ab 
jliuftr',  &c.  Edwardo  rege  Angl'  et  Franc',  2ic.  licentia  eiigendi,  &c.  —  die  Lune, 
viz.  24°  die  Septembr'  [1464]  congregati  capitulariter  confratribus  et  canonicis 
difte  domus,  viz.  VViltnno  Tebald  fuppriore,Thoma  Gate  celerario,  John  Wyfbech 
granatr'  et  receptor',  Rico  Fuibuine  lacriila,  Thoma  Bernard,  Thoma  Foke  pre- 
ceptore,  Nicho  Cagge,  Johne  Soham  coquinario,  Joftne  Poket  fuccentor',  Jofine 
Cambrygg,  Joline  Refham,  difle  ecctie  canonicis,  diaconis  et  prelbiteris  invocata 
fpiritus  Sti  gratia,  ympnoque  Veni  Creator  Spiritus  devote  decantato — repente  quali 
per  infpirationem  fpititus  Sti  concorditer  et  communiter  placuit  omnibus  et  fingulis, 
fratrem  Johem  Whaddon,  vicarium  de  Waterbeche,  virum  utique  religiofum,  in 
religione  prediift'  exprefie  profefl'um  triginta  annos  ctaiis  et  amplius  habentem,  in 
eodem  ordine  ac  in  didto  prioratum  admiflum  quafi  uno  fpiritu  una  voce  iimul  in 
priorem  didi  prioratus  cligere,  ac  eligimus  in  noftrum  priorem,  &c. 

Aflenfus  Regius  fuper  di£l'  eled*. 

Edwardus,  Dei  gratia,  rcg'  Ang'  et  Franc',  et  dns  Hib',  ven'  in  Chriflo  patri 
W.  eadem  gra  epo  Elienf,  falutem.  Sciatis  quod  eleiftioni  nuper  fadte  in  eccti;e  con- 
ventuali  Sti  Egidii  de  Bernewell  de  dileiflo  nobis  in  Chrifto  frater  Joftne  Whaddon, 
canonico  ejufdem  domus  in  priorem  loci  illius  regium  afTenfum  adhibnimus  et  fa- 
vorem,  et  hoc  vobis  tenorc  prefentium  fignificamus  ut  quod  vcflrum  eft  in  hac  parte 
exequamini.  In  cujus  rei  teftimoniumhas  literas  noftras  fieri  fecimus  patentes.  T. 
meipfo  apud  Redyng,  28  die  Septembris,  anno  R.  noftri  quarto. 

Sequitur  comraiiTio  W  epi  Elienf,  ad  confirmandam  di<5^am  eleftlonem,  dire<5la 
inagro  Ricardo  Bole,  officiali  noftro,  &c.  dat.  O£lob'  11,  Anno  Domini  1464. 

Ex  regro  W.  Gray,  epi  Elienfis,  f,  1S2, 


K  III. 


t^  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 

N°  III, 
Appropriatio  Ecclefie  de  Stowe  Quye. 

UNIVERSIS  SanfljE  Matris   filiis  ad  quos  prefentes  litere  pervenerint  vel  in 
futurum   pervenire  poterunt  Wiltmus  permiff'  divina   Elienf  Eps  falutem    cum 
beu'  Salvatoris  Jtiu  Chrifti,  et  perpetuam  rei  gefte   memoriam,  et  fidein  indubiara 
prefencibus  adhiberc.     Exhibite   fiquidem    nobis   pro   parte  dileflorum    filiorum 
prioris  ec  conventus  mon'  five  prioratus  de  Bernewell   ordinis  Sti  Auguflini  fire 
Elienf  dioc'  petitionis  feries  continebat,  quod  difti  mon'  five  prioratus  fruftus  et 
proventus  eidem    mon'  five  prioratui  in  iplius  primeva  fundatione   et  donatione 
affignati  et  conGefll,  ob  caufas  plures  et  diverfas,  et  prefertim  propter  carentiam, 
et    alienationem    advocationis,    et   juris  patronatus    duarum   ecctarum    fan£\orum 
Jotiis  et  Edwardi  in  Cantebr'  exillentiuni  eis  et  corum  mon'  five  prioratui   olim  ap- 
propriatarum,  quarum  advocationem  et  jus  patronatus  collegium  bte   Trinitatis  de 
Cant',  ad  inftantiam  Chriflianiflimi  principis  regis  Henrici  fexti  per  donationem  et 
conceffioneai  predict'  prioris  et  conventus  de  Bernev/ell  predidl'  de  licentia  et  bene- 
placlto  rev'  in  Chrifto  patris  et  dni  dni  Thome   permiff'  divina   tunc  Elienf  epi 
obtinuit  et  adquifivit,  ac  ipfas  ecctias  appropriare  et  facere  appropriari  predidto  col- 
legio  Sre  Trinitatis  de  Cantebr'  ut  ipfarum  ecclarum  frudus  et  proventus  in  pro- 
prios  ul'us  et  perpetuos  fociorum  dift'  collegii  Ste  Trinitatis  cedant  effe6tualiter  auc- 
toritate  difti   rev'  patris  Thome  tunc   epi   Elienf  realiter  et  effedlualiter  obtinuit. 
Quarum  etiam  una  propter  exilitatem  frufluum,    deftruftionemque  domorum,  ac 
paucitatem  inhabicantiura  per  edificationem  collegii  regii  in  honore  B.  Marie  et  SJi 
Nichi   de  novo   eve£\i   eft   aufloritate   predifta  alteri  unita  multum  fiint  deteriorati  • 
et  diminuti.     Qiiapropter   predift'  prior  ct  conventus  nobis  humiliter  fupplicarunt, 
quatenus  in  recompcnlationem  dift'  duarum  ecclarum   fanft'  Johis  et  Edwardi   eis 
olim  ut  predicitur  appropriatarum,  ac  ut  cultus  divinus  in  difto  mon'  five    prioratu 
fuftentari  et   augeri  valeat  in  futurum,  ecclia  paroch'  de  Stowe  Qaye  iire  Elienf* 
dioc',  cujus  advocationem  et  jus  patronatum  predift'  prior  et  conventus  de  Bernevvell, 
per  donationem   et  conceffionem   fc'renilfimi   principis  ctni  uri  regis   Henrici  Scxti, 
[^Sequitiv  conce/Jio  et  licentia  regis  \\\zheiiX.  legitime  et    obtiuent  eis  et  eorum  mon' 
five   prioratui  predift'  eorumque  fuccefforibus  unire,  anne^lere  et  appropriare,  ct  in 
eorum  proprios  ufus  perpctuo   poflidenJ'  concedere   dignaremur;  et  quod  eidem 
ecctie  de  Stowe  C)iiye  per  vicarium  temporalem  idoneum,  viz.  per  religiofum  fratrcm 
ejufdem   mon'  five  prioratus  vcl  alium   fecularcm,  ad  di<fl'  relgioforum  voluntatem 
inftitucnd'  tt    removend'  poterunt  defervire.     Nos  igitur  cupientes  quantum    cum 
Dei  poffumus  eidem  priori  et  conventui  ac  eoruir,   mon'  paterna  maniuetUL,ine  pro- 
videre  ct  eorum  neceffitatilnis   fiibvcnire,  dilcci^os  in  ("hrifto  filios  priorem  et  capi- 
Uilum  ecctie  iire  catli'  Elienf   uccnon  archidum  iirum  Elienf  ad  tradand'  una 
6  cum 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  17 

cum  magro  Rogero  RadclifF,  LL.  D.  nro  official!  et  in  hac  parte  commifTararlo  ac 
vice  et  autftoritate  noftris  fungeme  de  ct  fupcr  appropriarione  ct  unione  di<5l'  eccfic 
et  ejus  caufis  mandavimus  et  fecimus  ad  domum  nram  capirularem  ecdie  noftre 
Elienfis  ad  certiim  terminum  competentem  vocari :  habito  infuper  et  precedence 
fuper  pren  ilfa  cum  di61:o  priore  et  capitulo  Elienf '  ac  riro  archido  traftaiu    diligeiiti 
€t  folempni  et  i'ecutls  poflea  deliberacoe  et  caufe  cognitione  debitis  et  maturi?,  in 
hujufmodi  unione,  annexione,  et  appropriatione  requifitis,  ac  licentia  dni  iiri  regis 
Henrici  fexti  fufficient*  habita  [Sequitur  alia  licentia  regia]  et  quia  aliunde  prepediti 
ulterius  examinationi  et  difcuflioni   prefati  negotii  perlorialiter  non  valemus  magros 
Rogerum  RatclifF,  officialem  nrum,  Ricum  Laverok,  LL.  D.  ac  Wiitum  Malfter,  in 
decretis  licentiatum,  noftros    aflignavimus   et  deputavimus  commifliirios   cum  hac 
clauferta,   Ita  tamen  quod  vos  (res  buic   7iegotii>  cum  effe5lu. —  \_Sequitur  commll/ioy 
dot.  Sept.  26,  1 757.]  Cujus  commiffionis  noftre  onus  executionis  di6l'  magr  Roejerus 
Radclilf  in  fe  aflumpfit,  et  proceffit  fub  forma  que  fequitur.  NosRogerus  R  ad  cliff  prc- 
dift'  onus  commiflionis  antedidl'  ob  reverentiam  dit^i  rev'  patris  committentis  et  ad 
inftantem  petitionem  predidli  prioris  et  conventus  in  nos  fufcepimus,  et  ulterius  pro- 
cedere  ac  dift*  negotium   ad   effeflum   deducere  cum  Dei  auxilio  intcndimus.     Et 
tunc  incontinenter  comparuit  Wiltus  Tebakl,  ibm  canonicus  regularis  prioratus  de 
Bernewell,  pro  priore  et  conventu  ejufdem  cum  procuratorio  fuSicienti  [i'^'jus  tenor 
fequitur  dat.   Sept.  anno  D'ni  mcccclvii.]  et    quandam  petitionem    lummariam 
porrexit,  prout  fuperius  in  exordio  recitatur.     Et  tunc  magr  Edmundus  Konyngef- 
burgh,  decret'  Dr.  comparuit  pro  priore  et  conventu  ecctie  cath.  Elienf  cunh  pro- 
curatorio idoneo  \_cujus  tenor  fequitur.']  Et  tunc  ibm  comparuit  magr  Thomas  Bury, 
cum  procuratorio  fuflSicienti  pro  archino  Elienf;  et  tam  ipfe  quam  magr  Edmundus 
predict'  nomine   dnorum   fuorum  appropriationi  fiende  ecctie  paroch'  de  Stowe 
Quye  predid'  prioratui  de  Bernwell  predift.  expreffe  confenfum  dederunt  pariter 
affenfum,  [cujus   Thome  Bury  procuratorium  fequitur  dat.  Sept.  2,    H57']     ^^  Dei 
nomine,  Amen.    Auditis  plenius  et  intellec^tis  ac  plene  difcuffis  per  nos  Rogerum 
Radcliff,  coramiffarium  aniedidt'  meritis  et  circumftantiis  caufe  five  negotii  appro- 
priationis,  &c.  eccte  paroch'  de  Stowe  Quye  priori  et  conventui  de  Bernewell  ac 
eorura  fucceflbrum,  &c.  Chrifti  nomine  invocato  procedimus  in  hunc  modum.     In 
Dei  nomine.  Amen.     Quia  per  afta  inaftita,  deduda,  exhibita,  allegata,   et  pro- 
bata in  caufa  five  negotio  memorato  invenimus  partem  prioris  et  conventis  mon'  five 
prioratus  de  Bernwell  fuam  fuggeftioncm  et  petitionem  plenius  probaffe  et  ruggefta 
atque  petita  vera  et  jufta  fore  et  effe  fufficient'  fundaffe,  deduxiffe,  et  prDbaffe, 
nichilque  effedtuale  per  quemcunque  ex  adverfo   allegatum,  objeftum,  prcofitum 
feu  probatum  fuifle  auc  effe  quod  ipforum  prioris  ec  conventus  men'  live  prioratus 
de  Bernwell  intentionem  ledere  poffet  feu  quomodolibet   impedire  aut  enervate t 
Idcirco  nos  Rogerus  antedift'  folum  Deum  pre  oculis  noftris  preponentes  de  juris 
peritorum  confilio,  cum  quibus  communicavimus  in  hac  parte  luper  premiffis  ct  fJe 
predift',  viz.  prioris  et  capitali  Elienf  et  archidiaconi  Elienf  expreflo  confenlnct 
voluntate  et  per  ea  que  in  dift'  caufa  five  ncgoiio  didicimus,   recenfitifque  p^rr  nrs 
primitus  caufis  in  petitione  five  fuggeftione  contentis  fupradift'  ecctie  paroch'   de 
Stowe  Quye  in  dift' Elienf  dioc'  fituat'falvis  fubfcriptis,  cum  omnibus fuis  frucTibus, 
icdditibus,    proventibus,  oblationibus,  decimis,  poffeffionibus,  juribus,    pafcuis  ct 

B  b  paliuns 


i8  APPENDIX    TO     THE    HISTORY 

padnris,  conimunibus  et  piivatis,  curiis  confuetis  et  debids  cum  franchefia  falcl* 
ducentarum  ovium,  libertaiibufquc  et  pertinen'  tam  fpiritualibus  quam  temporalibus 
univerfis,  prefatis  priori  et  conventui  eorumque  fuccefforibiis  in  fuos  proprios  ufua 
perpetuis  futuris  temporibus  habend'  et  pollidend'  anneftend'  uniend'  et  incor- 
porand',  tore  pronunciamus,  decernimus,  et  dcclaramus,  ac  realiter  et  cum  effedtu 
audioritate  nobis  commifla  appropriamus,  annectimus,  unimus,  et  incorporamus  per 
banc  nram  fententiam  diffinitivam  quam  fecimus  et  promulgamus  in  hiis  fcriptis  fie 
quod  liceat  pred'  priori  et  conv'  eidem  ecctie  defervire  et  eccleliaftica  facramenta 
niinirtrare  per  presBriim  paroch'  ido  .eum  canonicum  regularem  ejufdem  mon'  five 
prioratus  vel  alium  fecularera  per  ipfos  religiofos  inflituend'  et  ad  placitum  remo- 
vend'  abfque  dotattone  vicarie.  Salvo  jure  et  intereffe  pro  modo  incumbcntis  quod 
nichil  fibi  depereat  pro  vita  fua.  Ec  quia  per  banc  noftrara  fententiam  diffinitivam) 
poteft  prejudiciura  generari  predi<fio  rev' patri  epo  Elienf  et  fucceflbribus  fuis  et 
ccclie  fue  cath'  Elienf  ac  Elienf  rchino  predift';  ideo  pro  jure  et  intereffe  ac  in- 
dempnitate  fuis,  predidt'  rev'  patri  ad  fynodum  pafcbe  et  fuccelf,  fuis  fede  plena  ec 
ea  quocumque  modo  vacante  priori  et  capitulo  Elienf  annuum  cenfum  quadraginta; 
denar'  ac  archino  modo  exiftenti  acfuturis  fuis  fuccefl'  pro  jure  ac  intereffe  ac  indemp- 
nitate  fuis  quibufcunque  annuum  cenfum  fex  folidoruni  et  odlo  denar'  prefato  archino 
Elienf  et  ejus  fucceltoribus  ad  eandem  finodum  pafche  per  predid;'  priorem  et  con- 
ventum  fidcliter  perfolvend'  cundiis  futuris  temporibus  refervamus,  inchoando  eo 
tempore,  quo  fructus,  reddiius,  et  proventus  eccte  de  Stowe  Quye  ad  ipforum 
teligiororum  poffeffionem  et  commodum  realiter  et  effecftualiter  pervenerint  ;  coiv- 
cedentes  dift'  priori  et  convent'  au£toritate  predifta  liberam  facukatem  et  auftori- 
tatcm  per  ipfos  aut  per  ipforum  procuratorem  in  hac  parte  conditutum  feu  procu- 
ratores,  pi-efatam  ecctiam  paroch' de  Stovpc  Quye  cum  fuis  fruftibus  et.  pertinen'  uni- 
verf  tam  fpiritualibus  ac  noftra  auftoritate  q.uam  cito  ecclia,  vacaverit  vel  vacate 
contigerit  five  per  mortem,  five  per  refignacoem,  five  aliis  quibufcunque  modis  le- 
gitimis,  ingrediendi  et  nancifcendij  atque  in  fuos  proprios  ufus  convertendi,  poffidend', 
er  habend'  de  eifdem  libere  difponend',  prout  ipfis  priori  et  conventui  ac  fuccelf 
fuis  expedirs  vidcbitur  juribus  epalibus  et  archidiaconalibus  ac  dignitate  ecctie 
cath'Elien'  et  redloris  incumbendspro  tempore  fua  etalioram  ut  premittitur,  femper 
falvis;  prefentibus  dift'  lententie  prolationi  magris  Hugon.  Legh  in  Deer.  Bjcc,  8cc. 
tedibus  ad  premiffa  vocatis  et  rogatis.  Dat'  et  adta  funt  htec  quoad  prolationcnv 
f-inrentic  fgpdmo  die  menf  Oftobr^  anno  Domini  aiillimo  ccccmo  quinquagefimo» 
fcptimo^  in  ecclia  Sci  Scpulcri  Cantebr'. 

Et  uos  Willmus  Elienfis  eps,  &c.  deliberatione  prehabita  omnia   fupradi<^a  &c. 
nollra  au<^orltate  recognofcimus,  ct  de  confenfu  prioris  et  capitule  ecclie  lii-o  cathed' 
Elienfis  ex   certa  icieutia   approbavimus,  &c.  Dat'   24  die  Oflobr'^  anuo  Domini 
MccccLvii,  et  lire  conf  anno  410. 

Et  nos  prior  et  capitulum  ecclie  cath'  Elienf  predi£la  recognofcinaus,  appro- 
banuis,  ratiiicamu<,  &c.   Dat.  Oifl..  26,  A.  D.  1457. 

Et  nos  Jolies  Siokes,  legum  Dr.  Archiiliaconus  Elienf  omnia  et  fingula  prout 
fupra  recitantur  approbamus,   ratlficaraus,   8ic.  Dat.  Odt.  ult.  A.  D.  1457. 

Deinde  fsquitur  atteCtatio  Notarii  Publici,  viz.  RoB£aT  BREDoN^Chci,  &c. 

Keg.  Gray,  foL  101,  £ic. 

N 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  19 


rO 


N"  IV. 

CoramlfTio  ad  inquircnd'  fuper  nppropriatlone  ecclefie  de  Kingrton 

prioratui  de  Beriiwell. 

THOMAS   permifT'  divina   Elienf*  eps  dileclis  nobis  in  Chrifto  filiis  magro 
Johi    Stokes,   archino    Elienl'  LL.  D.  ec  Willmo   Malrtcr,  in  decretis  licentiato, 
falutem,  graciam,   et  ben'.  Cum  nobis  ex  parte   venerab'   et  religioibrum   viroiuni, 
prioris  et  conventus  prioratus  five  eccHe  conventualis  Sti  Egidii  de  Bernwell  ordiuis 
Sti  Auguftini  lire  dioc'  extiterit   humilit.'r   fuppHcatum,  quod   cum  difli  prioratus- 
fruftus,  redditus,  et  proventus  eidcm  mon'  in  ipfius  primeva  tundacione  et  dotatione 
aflignuti  et  concertl  ob  temporura  fubfecutorum  et   prefen'  dctrimenta,  viz.  pefti- 
lentias  folito  frequentius  ingruentes,  terrarum  fterilitates,  cultorum  et    colonorum 
raritatem,  fervientium  paucitatem,  immoderata  et  excefTiva  eorum  llipcndia,  ac  aug- 
mentatioQcm   portionum    vicariarum    fuarum   in    tantum    decreverint,   er  exinanit.1 
exiftant  et  diminuta,  ipfique  prior  et    convent'  taxationibns,    exaftionibus,  iinpo- 
fitionibus  et  aliorum  diverlbrum  onerura  gravitate,  quafi  vicibus  continuatis   plus 
folito  deprefli ;    nee    non   hofpitalitate  et  luftentacoe  pauperum  et  debilinm  pcr- 
fonarum  ac  aliorum  ad  dift'  prioratum  confluentium,  multipliciter  gravati   exiflant 
ac  fervicia  et  confuetudines  eidem  debita  ita  funt  depauperata  quod  ipfius  f;icult3tes 
hiis  diebus  non  fufficiunt  ad  fuftentationenn  congruam  numeri  canonicorum  ex  fun- 
datione  diifli  prioratus  limitati,  nee  verifimiliter  fufficere  debeant  infuturum,  qua- 
tenus  ex  premiflis  caufis  et  precipue  in  recompenfationem  duarum  ecctiarum  paroch* 
fc'  faaftorum  Jofiis  et  Edwardi  eifdem  religiofis  appropriat'  quarum  advocatio  ec 
jus  patronatus  collegium  Ste  Trinitatis  de  CanteBr'  ad  inllantiam  regiam,  per  do- 
nationem  et  conceffionem  prioris  et  conv'  de  Bernwell  predift'  optinuit  et  fibi  ad- 
quifivit,  ac  ipfas  appropriare  et  facerc  appropriare  collegio  Ste  Trinitatis  Cantebr' 
ut  ipfarum  ecctiarum  fruflus  in  proprios  ufus  et  perpetuos  fociorum  collegii  Ste 
Trinitatis  predifte  cedant  efFeflualiter  laborat,  quarum  una  propter  exilitatem  truc- 
tuum  deftruftionemque  domorum  ac  paucitatem  inhabitantium  ad  edificationem  col- 
legii regii  in  honore  beate  Marie  et  StiNichi  de  novo  erecli,  eft  alteri  unita.  Ut  cultus 
dirinus  in  difto  prioratu  augeri  valeat  in  futurum  ecctiam  paroch'  de  Kingfton  noftre 
dioc*  cujus  jus  obtinent  patronatus,  eis  ct  eorum  prioratui  predifto  corumque  fuc- 
ceflbribus  unire,  auneftere,  appropriare,  ut  in  eorum  proprios  ufus  perpetuo  poffident, 
concedere  dignaremur,  et  quod  eidem  ecctie  paroch'  de  Kingfton  poterint  defervirc 
per  vicarium  tempora<cm,  ad  predi£t'  religioforum  voluntatem  removend*  nos  prout 
ex  officii  paftoralis  debito  aftringiraur  fubditis  nris  quatenus  in  nobis  eft  jufticie 
compleraentum  impertiri,  eorumquc  neceffitatibus  provided  cupientes,  et  pro  eo  quod 
aliunde  prepediti  examination!  et  difcuffioni  prefati  negotium  perfonaliter  minime 
fupereffe  valemus  ad  inquirend'  pronunciand'  examinand'  et  ea  qute  fuernnt  vifa 
feu  quomodoiibet  oportuna,  cum  cohercionis  cujuflibet  canonica  poteftate,   vocatis 
de  jure  vocandis,  vobis,  de  quorum  fidelitate  atque  induftria  ad  plenum  in  dno  con- 

B  b  2  fidimus. 


20  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 

fidiinus,  coramittimus  vices  nras,  ita  quod  ambo  veftrum  procedant  et  exequantur  Id 
negotium.  De  die  vero  recept'  prefentium,  una  cum  modo  et  forma  inquifitionis,. 
examinationis,  pronunciationis,  atque  diffinitiunis  predifl*,  ac  de  omnibus  et  fingulis 
que  feceritis  in  premiffis,  nos  certlficetis  per  literas  vras  patent'  harum  feriem  con- 
tinent' figi'lo  autentico  figillat'.  Dat'  in  caftro  noftro  de  Wyfbech,  penultimo  die 
menus  Septerabr*  anno  Domini  MCCccxLvito,  ct  nollre  conf  *  anno  tertio. 

(Regr' Tho'  Bourgghier,  cpi  Elienf  f.  7.) 

Emanavit  ccmmiflio  ad  inquirend*  de  jure  patronatus   ejufdem 
'    ecclefie  de  Kyngefton.     Dut'  Mar'  3,   anno  Domini,  1457. 

Certificatoriiim  ejufdem  Commiflionis. 

INQXJIS  I  TORES  dicunt  quod  didla  ecclefia  de  Kyngefton  vaeat  ad  prefens 
per  mortem  dni  Thome  Stafford  alias  Haldenham  capni  ult'  reftoris  ibm,  et  vacate 
incepit  oftavo  die  menfis  Febr'  ult'  elapfo.  Et  quod  prepofitus  ct  fcolares  coll' 
regalis  B.  iVIarie,  et  Sti  Nichi  de  Cantebr'  funt  veri  patroni  ejufdem  eccle  et  hac" 
vice  prefat'  rho'  Rotherham  et  Walterus  Fcid,  clici,  per  qyandam  concelTionem 
fpecialem  predift'  prepofit'  et  feclar'  eis  inde  faft'  funt  veri  patrcni  ecctic  aut  di£le^ 
Et  magr  Johes  Derby,  LL.  D.  ultimo  prefentavic  ad  eandem.  Et  difta  ecclia  noa 
efl  litigofa  neque  pcnfionaria  priori  et  eonventui  de  Bernewell,  prout  per  evidentias- 
dift'  prioris  et  conv'  coram  nobis  judicialiter  exhibitas  plenius  in  eifdem  liquet.  Et 
de  communi  eltiraatione  valet  annuatim  viginti  marcas,  nee  didus  magr  Robertus 
Wodelarke  prefentatus  eft  alibi  beneficiatus,  fed  eft  vir  converfacois  laudabilis,  bene 
morigeratus,  ac  in  faeris  ordinibus  conftitutus,  facreque  theologie  profeffor,  &e» 
Que  omnia  et  fingula  certificamus,  &c.  Dat'  Mar'  14,  1437. 

Mar'  10,  anno  1457,  Robertus  Charaberlayn,  armiger,  prefentat  Mich'  Gu3'anj, 
ad  refloriam  de  Kyngeflon. 

Emanavit  altera  commiffio  ad  inquirend'  de  jure  patronatus  ejuf- 
dem ecclefie  de  Kyngefton,  8ic.  Dat'  Mar'  14,  145  7 ► 

Certificatoriuni  inquifitionis  predidle^ 

INQUISITORES  dicunt  ut  fupra.  Dicunt  infuper  quod  nunquam  fcireruns 
aut  audiverunt  quod  predift'  Robertus  Chamberleyn,  aut  aiiquis  alius  nomine  con- 
fmiili  aliquem  titulum  feu  j.us  prefentandi  haberet  ad  eandem  ccctiam,  fed  quod 
quntuor  incumbentcs  noviter  prefcntatos  ad  eandem  titulo  et  jure  magrorum 
WiUmi  Derby,  et  Johis  Derby,  erant  pacifice  poflelTionaci  in  eodem^  &c.  Que 
omnia  certificamusj  ccc.  Dat'  Cantebr',  Jun'  2,  14.5 8 » 


Litera 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  21 


Litera  domini  Rogeri  Chamberlayn,  rnilitis,  domino  diredla  flgillo. 

To  the  Right  Reverende  Fadir  in  God,  and  my  fingular  good  L.  the 
Bilhop  of  Ely. 

REVERENDE  Fadh-  in  God  and  my  good  lord,  I  recommande  me  to  you, 
and  certifie  you,  that  the  provofl:  of  Cambridge  and  I  have  communed  together  for 
the  patronage  of  the  church  of  Kyngefton,  in  the  county  of  Cambng.  And 
where  Robert  my  fon  hath  prefentcd  to  the  sd  church,  Pleafe  it  your  lordfhip  to 
have  in  knowledge,  and  thereby  to  underflande  that  his  title  of  prefentement  is  noc 
fo  ftrong  as  he  was  enformed  and  counfailed  fo  to  doo,  but  the  provofl  of  Cambricr 
hath  thereto  verry  right  and  title  as  by  his  evidences  and  the  pofleffion  of  his  title 
plenerly  I  am  both  enformed  and  acertayned.  Wherfore  I  pray  your  good 
lordfliip  to  admitte  the  faid  provoft's  title  without  longer  refpite  or  delay,  for  any 
intereffe  that  either  I  or  my  faid  fon  fhold  have  therynne.  And  this  my  writing, 
under  the  feal  of  myn  armes  (hall  be  fufficient  furety  to  yourfelf  from  all  manner 
of  hurts  et  claymes.  either  by  my  faid  fon  or  me  as  in  the  lawe  or  othenvife  in  that 
behalve.  And  my  right  good  lord,  God  have  you  ever  in  his  keeping.  Written  ac 
my  maner  of  Gidding,  the  iii  day  of  Jule. 

Roger  Chamberlayn,  knight. 

(Reg.  Gray,  epi  Elienf,  fol.  29 — 54.) 

Renunciatio  magiflri  Robert!  Wodelarke  juris  et  tituli  fibi 
competen',  in  ecclefia  de  Kyngeflon,  ratione  prefentationis 
fiipra  dide,   Dat'  Maii  xi,   1458. 

'  Anno  1458,  Maii  x.  Rectus  Woodlarke,  prepofitus  coll'  regall',  &c.  et  fcolarcs 
cjufdeni  eccle  de  Kyngefton  veri  prefentant  VViltm'Tovpne  facre  theol'  profefforem 
ad  eandem  ecctm,  et  Julii  5,  anno  predido  dus  eps  admilit  eundem  Wiltm  Towne 
ad  ecclim  de  Kyngefton,  ad  prefentacoeiii  ejufdem  collegii. 

Anno  1458,  Jul'  x8,  DHs  conceffit  magro  Waltero  Smyth,  facre  theol'  Bac" 
rcftori  eccle  paroch'  Sti  Benedidli  CanteBr  licentiam  selebrandi  et  per  alios  cap'- 
nos  idoneos  celebrari  faciend' divina  in  quadam  capella  in  honore  fande  /.nne  infra* 
pajoch'  ecclie  fundat'. 

(.Ibrn  f.  38.). 


N» 


22 


APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 


N"   V. 

Taxatio  ecdefiar'  Elienf  dioc'  au(5lorit-ate  ven'  patrum  dominor' 
Winton'  et  Lincoln'  ep'or'  fa6ta  per  mag'ros  R.  archin'  Elienf 
etc.  redoi-em  ecclefie  de  SomerQiam,  pofl-  feftum  S'ti  Andree, 
A.  D.   Mccxci.      Ex  libro  nio-ro  Elienfi. 


Decanatus  de  Chefterton. 

Valor. 

Decim. 

Heketon,  prior 

de  Bernewell,  percepit  in  decimis 

2  m. 

23. 

8d. 

Hifton,  St.  Andrew,  eadem 

40s. 

4S. 

Rampton, 
Midekon, 

46s.  8d. 
7  m. 

4S. 
9s. 

4d. 

Landbcch, 

20s. 

2S. 

Impiton, 

Decanatus  de  Cantabridgc. 

20s. 

2S. 

Cambridge,  St. 

Edward 

I  m. 

IS. 

6d. 

St. 
Capella  de  Ben 

Botulph 
iwell, 

Decanatus  de  Brunnc. 

4  m. 
20s.  8d. 

5S. 

2S. 

4d. 

Lollworth,  portio  pr'  de  B. 

Hungre  battle,  pr'  de  B.  percepit 

Kempfton,                                                               in 

Toft, 

Decanatus  de  Berton. 

decimis 

40s. 

5s. 

■  40  s. 

40s. 

4s. 

4s. 

6d. 

Berton, 
Cotys, 
Hafelynfed, 
Wynepole, 

4S. 
24s. 

I  OS. 

2S. 
IS. 

5d. 
5d. 
5d. 

Trumpyngton, 

Decanatus  de  Campes. 

2  m. 

2S. 

8d. 

Stowe, 

Swafham  monialium 

40s. 
15s. 

4S. 

i8d. 

Pampefworth, 

I 

22s. 

2S. 

8d. 

Nomina  patronorum  ecclefiar'  et  vicariar'  Elienf  dioc'. 
Ecctia  St.  Sep*  Cantab'  approp'  priori  et  conventui  de  Bernewell,  et  ibi  vicar'  ad 
prefentat'  eorund'  prior'  et  convent. 

Ecctia  S.  Petri  Cant'  appr'  pr'  et  conv'  B.  et  regitur  j  capnum  paroch'. 
Ecclia  St.  Egidii  et  Omn'  Scor*  ad  caftrum  appr'  eild'  priori  et  conv'  et  regitur 
p  cap'  paroch*. 

Hofpitale  de  Sterefbrygh :  eft  ibi  hofpitilarius  ex  collacoe  epi  Elienf. 
Capella  de  Bern  well  appr'  priori  ejufdem  et  reg'  p  cap'  paroch'. 

Decanatus 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  2j 

Decanatus  de  Cheflerton. 
Ecclia  de  Waterbech  appr'  pr'  &c.  de  B.  Eft  ibi  vicar'  ad  prefent*  eorund'. 
Ecclia  de  Madyngle  appr',  &c.  Eft  ibi  vicar  ad  preienr. 

Decanatus  de  Campes. 
Ecclia  paroch'  de  Stowe  cum  Quye  non  approp'.  Eft  ibi  redor  ad  prefent'  Jotiis 
Trailly  et  Jotiis  Dengayne  ratione  manerior'  fuor'  in  Quye  et  Stowe  alcernis  vicibus 
[modo  appropriat'  priorat'  de  Bernwell.  Eft  ibi  preft^yter  paroch'  '.] 
Ecctia  de  Hyngefton  app'  pr'  &C.  de  B.  Eft  ibi  vicar'  ad  prefent'  cor*. 

Decanatus  de  Berton. 
Ecctia  de  Hardlcfton."!     ,    ,  ,    „    tta -u*    »   j       r    .»   «  » 

Ecctia  deCumbreton;fP  ?  "  ^-  ^^  ^-  ^^  '^  ^  ^'^  P""^^^"^  '''' ' 

Decanatus  de  Shengeye. 
Ecclia  de  Gylden  Morden.  ] 

Ecctia  de  Tadelowe.  >  ap'  p'  ct  c.  de  B.  Eft  ibi  v'  ad  prefent'  eor% 

Ecctia  de  Cranden. 

Decanatus  de  Brunne. 
Ecctia  de  Caldecot. ")      ,    ,  j    t,    r-n -u-    >    j        r    .>       » 

Ecctia  de  Brunne.  ]'P  P  ^' '''  ^^  ^'  ^"  '^'  '  ^  P"^'^'"'  '^"^  * 


N°  VL 


Placitum  inter  Cancellarium  univerf  et  prior'  de  Barnewell,  de 
X  marcis,  quas  idem  prior  annuatim  folvere  tenet ur  facer- 
dotibus  in  univerfitate  ftudentibus  et  divina  pro  anima  ep'i 
Elienf  celebrantibus.  14  E.  I. 

PRIOR  de  Barnewell  fummonitus  fuit  ad  refpond' magro Thome  deHerT^'ngbam 
cane'  univ'  Cant'  de  plito  quare  cum  idem  prior  faccrdotibiis  in  theoiogia  univ' 
Cant'  ftudent'  ac  pro  anima  magri  Willmi  dc  Kylkeny  quond'  epi  Elienl' divina 
celebrantibus  x  marc'adeor'  fuftcntaiionem  fingulis  annis  pfolvere  dcbeat  et  ipfc 
et  Jollanus  prior,  &c.  pradeccflbr  fuus  p  folvere  conlucverunt  p  cartam  ipfjus  Jol- 
lani  et  conv'  fui  quam  cane'  inde  habct,  qui  quidcm  lacerdotcs  p  pr«d'  priorcm  et 
univ',  Sic.  qui  pro  tempore,  &c.  deberent  provideri,  6cc.  quas  x  marc'  &c.  prsd' 
prior  p  biennium  lubtraxit  indebite,  &c.  quo  minus  praed'  iacerdoces.  Sec.  fludere 
jbm  ct  cclebrare  iion  poftunr,  &c.  Et  &c.  concord.itum  eft,  &;c»  et  habcnt  chiro- 
graphum,  Sec.  inter  affis'  coram  juft'  regis  apud  Cam'  in  odavis  Sta  Trin'  A.  14 
R,  Ed'  L 

Rot.  22.  in  cuft.  I'hcf  ct  Cam'  Scacc',. 

*  What  is  ia  hooks  is  jn  a  later  band. 


t.^  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 


N'  VIL 

Mandatum  ad  monend'  omnes  illos  malefadores  qui  temj^Jore 
infurredlionis  intrarunt  piioratum  de  Barnevvell,  et  proilra- 
lunt  arbores  ibidem  et  alia  mala  ibidem  perpetrarunr,  quod 
reltituant,  alias  denuncientur. 

THOMAS,  &c.  dileclis  filiis  univerfis  et  fingulis,  decanis,  refloribus,  vicariis  et 
capetis  paroch'  per  civitatem  et  dioc'  noftras  Elieiii'  conftitutis,  falut',  grat*,  et  bened*. 
Ex  parte  relig'  virorum  piioris  et  conventus  de  Bernewell  ordinis  canon'  Sti  Augufl' 
noilrae  dioc'  nobis  extitic  gravi  conqueitionc  monfiratum  quod  cum  omnes  illi  et 
fingiili  qui  de  domibus,  maneriis,  grangiis,  aut  locis  aliis  ad  archiep'  epifc'  vel  alias 
peiibnas  ecclefiafticas  pertinentibus  quicq  prseter  voluntatem  aut  pcrmifTionem  do- 
minorum  vel  eorum  qui  funt  hujulmodi  rerum  cuftodcs  deputati,  abftrahere,  con- 
fumere,  vel  contraftare  prefumpferunt,  abftrahi,  conilimi,  vel  contraftari  fecerunt : 
IfLi  hujufmodi  abllradt'  confump,  contraft'  i'uo  nomine  vel  a  famlliaribus  iuis  faftam 
ratas  habuerunt  vel  acceptas  ;  funt  iplb  fafto  tanquam  ecclefiaftica;  libcrtatis  et 
immunitatis  violatore.s,  majoris  excom'  fententia  per  facras  conftitutiones  provin- 
ciales  per  bons  memorise  nuper  Cantuar'  archiep'  cum  fuis  fuffraganeis  in  ea  parte 
editas,  debite  publicatas,  ec  admiffas,  lata  damnabiliter  involuti.  Quidem  tamen 
iniquitatis  filii  tus  falutis  prorfus  iSiemores  die  Lunse  prox'  poft  feft'  Sti  Barnabaj 
Aprili  ultimo  pr£terito  aliifque  diebus  fequentibus  quendam  fundura  fuum  apud 
Bernwell  inter  prioratum  ejufdem  et  magnam  ripam  quem  eidem  prioratui  nupcr  con- 
tulerat  pia  devotio  fundatorum  muris,  fepibus,  foffis,  et  aliis  claufuris  undique  val- 
latum,  cum  fecuribus,  gladiis,  fuftibus,  ct  aliis  armorum  generibus  cum  magno  ftrepicu 
et  clamore  et  contra  voluntatem  difti  prioris  et  conventus  hoftiliter  invadcntes  ac 
prortratis  muris,  fepibus,  et  claufuris  aliis  penitus  dirutis  ipfum  fundum  furiofo  fpi- 
ritu  funt  ingrefij,  arborefque  omnes  et  fingulas  groflas  et  parvas  cujufcunqiie 
generis,  ac  iubbofcum  et  filvam  ceduam,  lignaque  arborum  ceduarum  inibi 
crefcent'  proftraverunt  ct  funditus  exciderunt,  ficque  proftrat'  et  excif  una  cum 
aliis  bonis  ibidem  inventis  a  diclo  fundo  abduxerunt,  cariarunr,  contfaxerunt,  alie* 
narunt,  vendiderunt,  et  in  ufus  fuos  temerarios  pro  fuo  voluntatis  libito  con- 
vcrterunt,  occulta-runt,  et  detinerunt,  occultant  et  detinent  in  prefenti  ;  eave 
profterni,  excidi!,  abduci,  cariari,  coniredtari,  et  alienari  ac  vendi,  occultari  et 
dttineri  procurarunt  et  fecerunt,  feu  hujufmodi  proflrationem,  excif,  abd',  cariat', 
contraft',  alien',  et  vendit'  ac  occult'  et  detent'  fuo  nomine  vel  a  famlliaribus  fuis 
faftam  ratas  habuerunt  ct  habent  pariter  et  acceptas :  fententiam  cxcom'  maj'  in 
<li£tis  conftitutionibuset  aliis  a  jure  contra  prefumptores  hujufmodi  latam  ipfo  fad:o 
proculdubio  ncquiter  incedendo ;  in  animarum  fuarum  grande  periculum,  diflor' 
relig'  prcjudicium  ct  enormem  Isefionem,  ac  libcrtatis  ct  iraunitatis  ecclefiafticn: 
cvidens  dctrimentum,  et  aliorum  exemplum  peffimum  plurimorum. 

3  Nos 


OFBARN  WELL    ABBEY.  25 

Nos    nolentes    tarn  horrendum    facinus  et  dcteftabile    flagitium   conniventibii» 
Oculis  incultum  pertranfirc,   ne  ceteris  tribuatiir  audacia  confimilia  perpetrandi: 
ad  lanfta;  matris  ecclefice  injuriain  ulf'cifcend'  contra  prefumptores  hujulmodi   in 
genercp  cenfuras  ecclefiafticasdccrevimus  procedend',ct  quanquam  didiprcrump[oixs 
fint  ipio  faflo  majoris  excom'  fcntentia,  lit  pra?mittitur,  innodati,  ex   habundantis 
tamtrn,    et  ad  eorum  maliciam   convincend'  vobis   et  vcdruni    cuilibet  conjunftim 
et  divifim  in  virtutc  obedienti^  coniniittimus  et  mandamus  quatenus  onines  et  fin- 
gulos  prtEfu.-nptorcs  liujufmodi  de  quibus  prjemittitur   in  eccldiis  et  locis  publicis, 
ac  horis  et  temporibus  competentibus,  ubi  expedire  videritis  prinio,  2"  et  3"  peremp- 
toric  reqoiratis  et  moneatis  in  genere,  quos  nos  etiam  tenore  prefcntiLim  confimiliter 
rcquirimus   et  monemus  :  quod  ptcediita  dampna,  gravamina,  et  injurias  p   ipfos 
perpctrat'  quatenus  ad  unumqucmque  eorum  attinet,  prjefato  priori   et  conv'   feu 
faltem  fenelcallo  ejuldem  ipforum  nomine  agnofcant  fidelitcr  et  revolvent,  ac  bona 
quascunque  lupra  di6la  p  ipfos  feu  eorum  aliquem  poflefTa  vel  occupata,  qualicunquc 
ti[ulo  ad   eos  pervcniant,  reibtuant,  realiter  et   integraliter  liberent,  fi  extent,  vel 
fibi    competenter  latisfaciant  pro   eifdem   fi   non   extent,  infra  fex  dierum,   2  pro 
primo,  2  pro  2do,  et  reliquos  2  pro  tcrtio  ct  pcrempt*  termino.     Ac  monitione  ca- 
nonica   aftignamus,  et   vos   etiam  alTignctis,    quod    fi    forte   monitionibus    vellris, 
immo  vcro  nodris,  non  paruerlnt,  cum  efFedtu,  ipfos  omnes  et  fingulos  prcpfump- 
tores  hnjufmodi  fie  ut  pr.emittitur  monitos  et  hujufmodi  monitionibus  non  parentcs 
lapfo  didt'  monitionis  veftra:  termino  in  di(5lam  maj'  excom'  fententiam  incidifle  ec 
excomunicatos  fuiflc  ct  effe,  et  pulfatis  campanis,  candelis  accenfis,  ac  cruce  erefta, 
alTumptis'ad   vos  omnibus  et  fingulis  capellanis   in   ecclefiis  vefiris  celebrantibus, 
ftolum  in  coUo  vellro  habentes,  publice  et  folempniter  denuncieti?,  et  denunciet 
quilibet  veftrum  qui  prefent'  mandat'  noft'  receperit   exequend'  ab  hujufmodi  de- 
nunciatione  non  cefiantes  quoufque  aliud  a  nobis  habueritis  in  mandatis.     Et  quod 
feceritis  in  prsmiffis  qualiterque  privmifla  fueritis  executi,   nos  cum   per  partem 
diftorum    reiigioforum  fueritis  congrue  requifiti  clare  et  diftinde  certificetis  et  cer- 
tificet  quilibet  veflrum  qui   in   hac  parte  congrue  fuerit  requifuus.     Dat.  in   caflro 
£ro  de  Wilbech,  23  die  Julii,  anno  dm  1381,  et  lirs  confec'  8vo. 

Epit.  Regift.  epifc.  p.  67. 


N°  VIII. 

On  Monday  the  12th  of  July,  1549,  the  vice  chancellor  called  all  the  heads  that 
were  prefent  at  the  fchools  together  in  hafl,  to  go  with  him  after  the  mayor,  to  Barn- 
well, to  put  a  Hop  to  a  mob  that  were  up,  and  marching  along  with  a  drum  to 
the  number  of  about  200,  to  pull  down  the  fences  «f  C.  Smythe's  dole.  Ihc  vice- 
chancellor  and  mayor  met  ihem  that  d.iy,  and  came  to  agreement  in  S'.  Mary's 
church  the  fame  day  ;  but  it  was  with  a  good  deal  of  difficulty  that  they  v;cre  ac 
laft  prevailed  upon  to  dilpcrfe  and  be  quiet.     (Mifcel.  P.  C.  C.  C). 

C  c  N« 


26  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HlSTOPvY 


K"  IX. 

The  Decree  of  the  Court  of  Augmentation  for  20s.  paid  yearly 
out  of  Barnwell  priory. 

An  Arbytrement  for  20s.  to  be  paid  for  the  Houfe  of  Barnewell, 
to  the  Univerfity,  for  the  liberties  in  Midfummer  Fair. 

Ex  Libri  Nigri  pergamei  Acad'se  Cantab'  folio  non  numerato 
prope  initium. 

HENRICUS  O^flavus,  Dei  gratia,  Anglic,  Franclfe,  et  Htberni£B,  rex,  defenfor 
ac  in  cerra  ecc!::e  Anglicans  et  Hibernicc-e  fLipremum  caput:  Omnibus  ad  quos  prze- 
fentes  literse  pervenerint  falutcm.  Inlpeximus  in';cr  recorda  et  irrotulamenta  curls 
augmentationum  reventionum  coron^e  noflrje  quoddam  decretum  per  cancellarium 
et  confiUium  curiae  prsdidfe  faftum  in  hac  verba.  Memorandum  quod  termino 
Sc£e  Trinitati«:,  videlicet,  viccfimo  nono  die  Junii,  anno  regni  domini  nri  Henrici 
oftavi  Dei  gra'  A.  F.  et  H.  regis  fidei  defenforis  et  in  terra  ecctiffi  Anglia  lupremi 
capitis  XXXVI  placitum  fuit  in  curia  didti  domini  regis  augmentationum  reventi-  _ 
onum  coronte  liije  quoddam  fcriptum  indentatum  fub  figillis  Willielmi  Bokenham, 
WilTBurgoyne,  et  Thom^e  Patenfon,  cleric',  et  Joliis  Puregold,  generofi,  fadtum  et: 
figillatum,  cujus  quidem  fcripti  tenor  lequitur  in  hac  ver'oa.  '  To  all  trewe  Chriftea 
people,  to  whom  this  prefente  wrytyng  indented  fiiall  come,  we  William  Betenhanij 
William  Burgoyne,  Thomas  Paterfon,  clerks,  and  John  Puregold,  of  Cambridge, 
gentleman,  fende  greatinge  in  our  Lord  Code  everlaftihg.  Whereas  certain  variancies, 
llrifls,  and  debats  were  late  had,  moved,  and  dependinge  betweene  John,  by  God's 
iulTerance,  bylhop  of  Rowchefler,  and  chauncelor  of  th'  univerfitie  of  Cambrige, 
and  the  maylters  and  fcholers  of  the  faid  univerfitie  on  that  one  partie,  and  Wiltm 
prior  of  the  monallery  or  priory  of  Barnewell  next  Cambrige  in  the  count!  of 
Cambrige,  and  the  convent  of  the  fame  place,  on  that  other  partie,  of,  for,  arid 
upon  the  right,  title,  clayme,  and  poUenion  of  certeyn  lyberties,  fraunchifes,  graunts, 
cuftomes,and  privileges,  which  the  layde  chaunceler,  maiflers,  and  fcholers,  clayme 
to  have  and"  enjoye  to  them,  and  to  ther  fucceflbrs,  ageynft  the  fayde  prior  and 
convent,  and  ther  fucceffors,  in  the  fayer  of  the  fnyde  prior  and  convent,  holden 
at  Barnewell,  called  Midfomer  Fayer,  during  the  tyme  of  the  fayde  fayer:  For 
th'  appeafing  whereof  the  fayde  parties  have  compremitted  themfelf  to  ftande  and 
obey  th' arbytrement,  ordynance,  and  jugcment  of  us  the  forefaydeWillmBokenham, 
Wiltm  Burgoyne,  Tho'  Patenfon,  and  John  Puregold,  arbitrors  betweene  the  fayde 
parties,  by  the  will  and  alTent  of  both  parties  indiffercntlye  chofen  of  and  upoa 
the  prcmifes.  And  to  ftande  and  obey  eyther  of  the  fayde  parties- are  bounde  to 
ih'o:her  in  the  fomme  of  C  marks  iterlinge,  by  their  feverall  writings  obligatorie, 

fealyd 


O  F    B  A  R  N  \V  E  L  L    A  B  B  E  Y.  I7 

fealyd  with  their  comon  fealys,*  beringe  date  the  vi  daye  of  the  monthe  of  June, 
the  21  yere  of  the  reigne  of  kynge  Henry  the  Vllth.  wyth  condytyons  accordynge, 
lb  that  our  fayde  awarde,  ordynaunce,  and  jugemente  were  made,  and   athis   fyde 
the  fcaCle  of  the  tranflation  of  St.  Edwarde  the  kynge  and  marter   nexte  folowinge 
after  the  date  of  the  fayde  obligatyons,  as  yn  the  fame  obligdryons  more  pleynely 
dothe  apperc.     And  we  the  fayde  arbitrors  takyng  upon  us   the  charge  to  awarde 
and  deymeatwixt  the  fayde  parties  of,  and  upon  the  premiffys,  have  dyvers  tymes 
fene,  hard,  and  examcnyd  the  evydence,  wrytyngc,  tytles,  and  proves  of  boihe  the 
fayde  parties  concernynge  the  iayde  premiflys,  with  good  and  great  delibcratyon  ; 
and  therupon,   by  th'  alient,  wyll,  and  agrement  of  bothe  the  fayde  parties,  make 
our  awarde,  ordinance,  and  jugement   acwixt  the  fayde  parties,  the   18th  daye  of 
the  fayde  monythe  of  June,  the  faid  22  yere  of  the  reigne  of  kynge  Harry  the  7[.h, 
in  nianer  and  forme  folowinge:  Fyrfte,  we  awarde  and  deme  that  the  faid  prior  and 
convent,  and  their  fucceflbrs  and  afligns,  fhall  have,  holde,  and  enjoye,  for  the  terme 
of  60  yeyrs  next  followinge  after  this  prefent  date,  yf  the  faid  fayer  contyncwc  and 
cndewer  lb  longe,  all  fuche  lyberties,  fraunchefys,  and  pryvilegys,  as  the  fayde  chaun- 
cellor,  mayfters,  and  fcholers  aforefayde,  or  any  of  them   clayme  to  have,    and  of 
right  have  had  withyn  the  fayde  fayer  durynge  the  tyme  of  the  fayer,  cxepte  cog- 
nytyon  of  plees,  and   all  other  caufys,  whereas  a  fcholer,  fcholers,  fervaunte,   or 
common  mynyfter  of  th'  univerfitye,  or  eny  of  there  fervaunts  be  parties ;  and  alfo 
we  awarde  and  deme,  that  at  the  ende  and  terme  of  the  faide  60  yerys,  that  the  fayde 
prior  and  covent,  and  ther  fucceflbrs  and  afligns,  fhall  have,  holde,  and  enjoye  all 
the    fayde  premiffys,  excepte  afore  exceptyd,  unto  the  ende  and  terme  of  other 
60  yerys  as  then  nexte  followinge :  that  the  fayde  prior  and   covent  wyll  therunto 
agree,  and  therof  make  notice  unto  the  faid  chaunceller,  maiflers,  and  fchoJers,  or 
to  ther  fucceflbrs,  before  th'  end  of  the  fayde  60  yerys,  fo  that  the  fayde  fayer  con- 
tinue and  endewere  fo  longe.     To  and  for  the  whych  premifes  we  alfo  awarde  and 
deme  that  the  fayde  prior  and  convent,  ther  fixceflbrs  and  afllgnes,  fliall  yelde  and 
paye  yerelye  dewringe  all  the  fayde  terme  to  the  chaunceller,  maifter,  and  fcholer?, 
and  to  ther  fucceflbrs,  or  to  ther  certeyne  attorneye  or  alTigns,  20s.  fterlynge,  at  two 
termes  in  the  yere,  that  is  to  witte,  atte  the  feafts  of  Seynt  Michaell  th'  Arkcangel, 
13s.  4d.  and  the  Annuntyatyon  of  our  Lady,  6s.  8d.  duryinge  all  the  fayde  term  :  And 
over  that  we  awarde  and  deme,  that  yt  fhall  not  be  laweful  to  the  faid  prior  and 
convent,  ther  fucceffors  nor  afflgnes,  the  faid  term  and  intereft  yn  the  premiiTys  to 
anye  perfon  or  perfons  to  lete,  gyft,  or  afTigne,  without  the  wyll  and  aflent  of  fayd 
chaunceller,  maifters,  and  fcholers,  and  of  other  fucceflTors.     Into  wytnes  wherot 
to  bothe  parts  of  our  awarde  and  jugement,  whereof  the  one  parte  to  remaine  to- 
vvarde  the  fayd  chaunceller,  maifters,  and  fcholers,  and  th'  other  towards  the  faide 
prior  and  convent,  and  their  fucceflbrs,  we  the  fayde  arbitrors  have  fet  our  fealys 
the  fayde  i8th  daye  of  June,  the  fayde  2ifl  yere  of  the  reigne  of  king  Harry  VII. 
p  me,W.  Bokenham  j  p  me.WilhTi  Burgoyne  -,  p  me,T.  Fatenfon ;  p  mc,  J.  Puregold, 
Confermed  bi  decree  in  the  Court  of  augmentation. 

N.  B.  This  fentence  is  written  with  archbifhop  Parker's 
own  hand,  which  fee  in  the  beginning  of  the  black 
parchment  book. 

c  c  2  N' 


28  A  PPENDIXIOTHE    HISTORY 

N'  X. 

Among  Hare's  Colledions  in  the  Cotton  Library.  Fauflina,  C.  III. 

Refcriptnm  Gregorii  Papae  IX.  ad  priorem  cTe  Bernewell  et  can- 
cellarium  univ'  de  quodam  ftatuto  obiervari  faciendo  pro  cuf- 
todia  figilli  monafterii  Weitm'  fub  3  clavibus,  quar'  una  femper 
in  manu  abbatis  ibidem  remaneat. 

GREGORIUS  epus  fervus  fervor'  Dei  dileflis  filiis  priori  de  Bernewell,  ct  can- 
cclbrio  de  Cantebr'  Elienf  dioc'  fal'  et  aplicain  bened'.  Exp'-fira  nobis  dilei^i  filii 
abbatis  Wefhri' petitio  continebat  quod  cum  dim  venerabili  fratri  liro  epo  et  dilefto 
fiiio  priori  Elien'  et  college  ipfor'  vifitationem  ipfius  monafterii  duxerimus  com.mit- 
tendam  difto  collega  legitime  excufato,  iidem  vifitatores  perfonaliter  accedentes  ad. 
locum  et  intelligentes  quod  nonnulli  committebantur  ibidemque  vergebant  in  jaflu- 
ram  ejufd'  monailerii  et  a  regulari  modeftia  plurimum  diflbnabant  ut  cum  figillum 
pvediifli  monafterii  fub  tribus  clavibus  et  a  tribus  monachiis  fcrvaretur  et  abbjte  in 
confulto  prcdiifto  idem  monaflerium  e fie t  ad  providendum  quibufdam  clcricis  fecu- 
laribus  p  conventus  lui  literas  obiigatum  et  multa  de  bonis  ejufd'  p  didtum  con- 
ventual alienata  iliicite  vel  diftrafia  vcl  in  cnormem  ipfius  monall-erii  lefionem,  ut  de 
cetera  una  de  predittis  clavibus  p  abbatem  fervaretur  eundem  et  alia  quodam  pro- 
vide rtatuerunt  ibidem  pro  reformatione  ordinis  et  obfervantia  regulari  prout  in 
eor'  literis  dicitur  plenius  contineri.  Quarc  fuit  nobis  humilitcr  fupplicatum  ut 
llatuta  ipfa  faceremus  firmitatem  debitam  obtinere.  Qiiocirca  difcretione  i:ra  p 
apoftolica  Icripu  mandamus  quatenus  ftatuta  ipfa  ficut  rite  ac  provide  pro  utilitate 
ipiius  monafterii  fafta  effe  conftiterit  faciatis  fublato  appellationis  obftaculo  fir«^ 
miter  obfervari,  contradiftores  p  ctnfuram  ecclefiafticam  appellaiione  poftpofita  coni- 
pefcendo.     Datum  Perufii^  7  kal.  Dec'     Pontificatus  iiri  anno  8. 

Ex  Bib.  Cotton.  Fauftina,  C.  III.  f.  189. 


N* 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY. 


N°  XI. 


29 


Querelse  communitatis  ville  de  Lenn  Regis  contra  burgenfes  ville- 
Cantebr'  et  priorem  de  Berne welle  de  quibufd'  injuriis. 

RAD 'US  de  Henmore^  qui  fequitur  pro  tota  commiinitare  ville  Lenn,  veiiit  et 
queritur  de  tone  burge  Cantebr',  et  depriore  de  Bernewell,  de  hoc  quod  ipfi  injufte 
diftrinxerunc  hoies  ville  de  Lenn  venientes  cum  mercandis  fuis  apud  Cantebr'  et 
apud  nundinas  de  Reche  et  de  Bernewell,  pro  flallagio  et  theloneo.  Qtii  dicunt 
quod;  ipti  habent  cartam  dni  regis  nunc  in  qua  continetur  quod  id  dus  rex  concelnt 
eis  quod  quieti  fint  de  theloneo,  ftallagio,  paflagio  et  libertatibus  prout  plenius 
continetur  in  predida  carta  p  totum  regnum  Anglie  excepta  civitate  London*.  Et 
dicunt  quod  ballivi  de  Cantebr'  et  prior  de  Bernewell  fuat  ficut  in  feifina  de  vadiis 
burgenfuiai  de  Lenn,exigendo  ab  eis  thelonium  ec  (laliagium  contra  tenorem  prediclc 
carte,  et  petit  ilia  vadia  fibi  reddi  quieta. 

Et  major  Cantebr'  et  prior  de  Bernewell  modo  veniunt  et  petunt  predidam  car^ 
tarn  libi  ofcendi,  ct  bene  concedunt  quod  fi  contineatur  in  pdidla  carta  quod  quieti 
efle  debent.  Et  fuptr  hoc  venit  pdcus  Rads  et  olkndit  eis  pdidani  cartam  in  aua 
continetur  quod  quieti  eflc  debent  de  theloneo  et  llallagio,  et  ideo  confideratum  eft 
quod  pdiAus  Rads  habeat  vadia  fua  quieta,  &c,  Et  preceptum  eft  prediftis  majorr 
et  priori  ne  amphus  prelumant  devadiare  hoies  de  Lenn  pro  ftallagio  vel  theloneo. 
contra  tenorem  carte  Cue  iuper  grave,m  forisfadluram. 

Pl.ic.  Cor.  ap.  Canteb.    cor'  juft'  itin'  in  Odtavis  See  Trip,  14  E,  L  in  culir 
Thef.  ec  Camerarium  Scacc'.     Fauftina,  C.  IIL  f.  220. 


N°  XII. 

Bulla  Eugenii  papse   priori  et  conv'  de  Bernewell,  cujiis  virtutc? 
valeant  demittere  ad  firmam  fuas  pofTeffioncs,  &c^ 

EUGENIUS  eps  et  papa  dilef^is  fiiiis  priori  et  conventui  prioratus  de  Berne- 
well ordinis  St.  Augullini  F.lienf  dioc'  falutem  et  aplicam  benediftionem.  Sacre 
religionis  lub  qua  devotum  Altifllmo  exhibetis  farnulatum  promeretur  honeflas,  ut 
in  hiis  que  favoris  Hint  et  gracie  nos  vobis  promp'  gaudeat  invenillc.  Cumquc 
ficut  cxhibita  nobis  nuper  pro  parte  veflra  peticio  contrnebat,  vos  nonnullas  ecctas, 
terras,  poUefiiones,  penliones,  et  porciones  prioratui  veftro  de  Bernewell  ordinis 
Sii  AuguCiini  F.lienl'  dioc'  canonice  annexas  et  appropriatas  ac  ad  ilium  legitime 
pertiaentes  habere  nofcamini,  quas  per  vos  iplbs  pcilbnaliter  commodeque  regere 

et 


,30  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 

«t  giibernare  non   poffitis,  et  pro  ipfius   iitilitate    prioratus   plcrumquc  conveniat 

ecciclias,  terras,  poffcffiones,  et  porciones  eafdcni  perlbnis  aliis  pro  certa  annua  re* 

fervacione  in  arrcndam  vel  annuam  penfionem  concedere  poteritis,  et   affignare  pro 

piirtf  vrllra,  nobis  Iruit  humiliter  lupplicarum,  ut  vobis  ecctias,  terras,  [jofiVlTiones, 

pcnfiones,  et   porciones    ]Mefatas   qiiibufcunque  perfonis  eciam    laicis,  arrendandi, 

locaiidi,  ku  ad  firm'am  vel  annuam  penfionem  concede'ndi,  licentiam  concedere,  ac 

alias    )uper    hiis   opo  tune   providerc  benignitate   aplica   dignarcmur.     Nos    igitur 

Jiujuimodi   lUjjplicacionibus   inclinati,  ut  etctias,  rerras,    poflclTiones,   et  porciones 

fu,  rad'.das,   uoicunque,  et  in  quibufcunque  confidant,  perfonis  eciam  laicis  hujuf- 

nii;di  perprtu  ■>  vei  ad  tempus  de  quo  vobis  videbitur  arrendar'  locare,  feu  ad  firmaru 

vel  penfionem  hujulmodi  concedere  et  aflignare,  ac  ipfe  peilone  laice  ecctias,  terras, 

policfllones,  et  porciones  prediftas  in  arrendam,  locacionem,  feu  firmam,  vel  penfionem 

prcmillam  recipcre  et  retintre  libere  liciceque  valeatis,  et  valeant  vobis  et  ipfis,  aufto« 

ritate   a(4ica  concedimus   per  prefentcs  ditccfanorum  locorum  et  aliorum  quarum 

libet  fupcrhoc  licenciam  minime  requifita  :  Non  obftantibus  conftitutionibus  aplicis 

aut  Icgatinis  feu    iynodalibus  vel  provincialibus;  necnon  prioratus   et  ordinis  pre- 

didtorum  juramento,  confirmacione  aptica,  vel  quavis  alia  firmitate,  roborat' ;  itatut'  et 

confuetudinibus  ceterifque  contrariis    quibufcunque.     NuUi  ergo  omnino    homini 

liceat  banc  paginam  noitre  concefllonis  infringere,  vel  aufu  temerario  contraire.    Si 

quis  autem  hoc  attemptare  prefumpferit,    inuignacionem  omnipotenis  Dei  et  bea- 

torum  Petri  et  Pauli  aptorum  ejus  fe  noverit  incurfurum.  Dat.  Florencie,  anno  In- 

carnacionis    Dnice  miliimo  ccccnao   xlmo    fecundo,  quarto  ktn'  Januar',    Ponti-^ 

ficatus  noftri  anno  duodecimo. 

Exhibita  fuit  Original'  in  regfo  dni  epi  Eliens  xij  die  Oft.  anno  Diii  1454,  coram 
ven'  viro  magro  Rogero  Radclyff,  LL.  D.  offic'  Elienf,  per  diim  Wil'  Theobald 
canonicuni  dilute  domus  de  Barnewell. 

Extrad'  e  regro  vet'  Elienf  vocat'  Le  Black  Book. 


N* 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  31 

N°  XIIL 

ProcefTus  Barnewellenlis, 

five, 

Procefftis  habitus  pro  confirmatione  qnoriindam  ilatutoriin),  privi- 
legiorum,  necnon  confuetudinum  univerfitatis  Cantabr',  prout 
habetur  in  univerfitatis  regiltro  vulgariter  didt'  The  Black 
Book. 

MARTINUS  '  fervus  fervornm  Del  dileftis  filiis  priori  mon'  de  Bernewell,  per 
priorem  foliti  gubernari,  Elienf  dioc',  et  Jolini  Depyng  canonico  Lincolnienfi  in 
eadem  dioc'  rclidenti  falutem  et  apticam  ben.  Sincere  devotionis  affeftus  quern  diledti 
filii  iiri  doftores  et  fcolares  univerfitatis  ftudii  Cantabrigiie  Elieni'  dice'  ad  nos  et 
Romanam  gerunt  eccliam  promeretur  ut  eorum  petitionibus  illis  prefertim  p  qure 
ipforum  priviligia  et  jura  conferventur  eifd'  favorabiliter  annuamus.  Sane  pro  parte 
doftorum  et  magrorum  et  fcliolar'  nobis  nuper  exhibita  petitio  continebat  quod  olira 
felicis  ri.cort!ationis  Honorius  primus  predeceiTor  iir  pro  incremento  et  in  favorem 
doifiorum  et  fcolarium  qui  tunc  erant  et  pro  tempore  forent  univerfitatis  tiujiifrnodi 
p  quafd'  literas  Tub  dat'  Roma  apud  S.  Petrum  anno  ad  incarnatione  Dni  v^  xxiiii.. 
7mo.  die  mentis  Feb'  inter  cetera  diftriftius  inhibuit  fuL  poena  excommunicationis 
quam  veniens  in  contrarium  incurreret  ipfo  fafto  ne  quis  archiepus,  epos,  archidiac', 
aut  eorum  officiales  in  aliquem  doftorum  et  fcolarium  eorundem  iufpenfionis  vel 
excommunicationis  feu  interdifti  fententias  ferre  aut  ipfos  vel  familiares  eorum 
moleilare  prefumerent,  fed  rcdor  ipforum  doftorum  et  fcl:iolar'  de  confilio  fan'ioruni 
et  feniorum  ejufd'  univerfitatis  fecundum  eorum  flatuta,  caritate  femper  media, 
corrigere  et  emendare  (luderet  prout  ftudentium  faluti  magis  videret  expedire.  Ac 
etiam  piae  memorie  Sergius  etiam  papa  primus  fimiliter  predecelfor  lir  etiam  pro 
incremento  et  favorem  liujulin'  dc°,  xc°,  ix^,  die  tertio  Mail,  inter  alia  decrevit 
quod  nulli  arcliiepo  feu  epo  licet  univerfitatem  prcdi<51:am  aut  aliquem  doclorum  et 
fcholar'  eoruncem  fufpendere,  vel  excommunicare,  feu  quoir.cdolibet  fub  interdiclo 
ponere  abfque  fummi  poniificis  adenfu  vel  ejus  fpeciali  mandato  prout  in  ipfis 
!ris  dicebatur  plenius  contineri,  quodque  fuper  inhibitione  ac  decreto  necnon  eorund* 
predecellorum  fupinde  confeftis  iiujufm'  quedam  ipfms  univerfitatis  atuiqua  flatuta 
coiBuni  confenfu  et  deliberatione  matura  magrorum  doflor'  prcdiilor'  ad  bonum  re- 
gim;n  et  ftabilitatem  ejufd'  univerfitatis  ordinata  fundantur.  Et  quod  etiam  ipforum 
inhibitionis  decreti  ac  trarura  vigore  canc;llarius  dicix  univerfitatis  pro  tempore  ex- 
iftens,  qui  fub  cancellarii  denominatione  inibi  vicem  reftoris  obtinuit  omnimodam 
fuper  corrigendis,  et  decidendis  caufis  et  negotiis  fnpponito5  et  pfonas  hujufm* 
continentibus  juriidiftionem  ecclafticam  et  ipiritualem  exercere  confueverit,  cum 
autem  ficut  eadem  petitio  fubjungebat  de  originalibus  diftorum  predeceffor'  tris 
hujufm'  ex  eoquod  propter  diuturnitatem  temporis  cum  jamfeptinginii  anni  et  ultra 

*  ManinV. 


-  J  APPENDIX    TO     THE    HISTORY 

ab  illarum  conceffione  defluxerinr,  aut  ex  earum  cudodnni  negligentia  aut  alia« 
cafualiter  deperditie  vel  amiffe  funt,  licet  plurimre  ipfarum  copia  de  antiquillima 
fcriptura  in  archivis  ejufd'.  Univerfiratis  recondit;f  escape  nofcamur,  doceri  nequear, 
pro  parte  noihorum  clodtorum  ct  ("colariLim  prctator'  nobis  fuir.  humiliter  luppii-* 
catum,  uc  eo'um  ct  didti-  univerfitatis  ftatuitt  indempnitatib'  liipliiis  oponune  pro- 
vldcre  de  benii^nitate  aptica  digiiarcmur,  nos  igitur  dc  prcniiftis  certain  notitiam  noti 
habentes  hu  uini  fupplicationib'  inclinac'  diffictioni  vrae  per  aplica  committimus  et 
mandamus  quaienus  lingularuni  trarum  fr  gulis  copiis  hiijusiil  in  forma  publica 
nobis  exhibitis,  fi  ct  poftquam  npbis  Icgitmit  conitkerit- nros  dodores  ct  Icolares  qui 
pro  tempore  fuerunt  acuniverfiratem  prediQis  in  pacifica  pofienione  vel  quali  iilus 
et  exccrcitii  coclcfiafticje  et  fpiiitualis  jurildidionis  ac  oblervationis,  inhibitionis,  et 
decreti  hiijus  a  tanto  tempore  fuilT-  et  tde  quod  niemoria  in  contrariuiii  nun  exiftit 
eild' maS^ns  doi5toribus  et  f  holar'  obfervautiam  inhibirionis  tt  decieti  ac  utum  et 
exercitium  junldictionis  ccclefiaflicre  et  ipiritualis  hu')usm  authoritate  nra  approbetis 
ac  ctiam  confirmetis,  non  oblldntibus  pien/illis  ntci.on  apli^is  et  pruvinciahbus,  et 
finodalibus  ac  bona  nienwrior  Cdcnis  et  Octoixjni  olii..  m  regno  Anglis  ledis  apiicje 
k'^atorum  conftitutionibus,  cett-rilquEe  contrariis  quibulciinqiK- •,  quc/d  li  non  ambo 
hiis  exequendis  potueritis  commode  interclle  alte,  v:um  eo  nichiiominus  exequatur. 
Dat'  Roma;  apud  Stos  Apt  s  Iccundo  nono  Julii,  pontificatus  iin  anno  '3010. 

Reverendo  in  Chrilto  patri  et  ctno  dno  Henrico  '  Dei  gratia  Ca:ituar'  a  chu  po  et 
Philiipo  ""  ejuld'  gfa  Elienl'  epo  eorum  vicariis  in  fpiriiualibus  ac  offic'  tmbuique 
aliis  et  finoulis  quorum  interelt  vel  mteieHe  potcrii,  ct  quos  infra  ]criprum  tangit 
ne^otium  vel  tangcre  poterit  quomodolibet  in  hiiurum  cijulcunquc  digniiatiS,  flatus, 
oradus,  oruinis,  conduionis,  aur  prfficmujemur  exiitunt,  leu  qu'  cui.que  nomine  cen- 
fcantur,  ad  quorum  notitiam  prelentem  iirum  procefium  Icu  coiitenta  in  eodcm  con- 
tioerit  pervcnire  poterir,  prior  prioratus  de  Bernewed.  Eiicnl'  dioc' executor  ct  1  omif- 
farius  ad  infra  Icripta  una  cum  ven'  viro'  magro  Joline  Depyng,  canoi.ico  Lincoln, 
colle"a  nra  licet  tunc  abienteet  legitime  excufato  cum  ilia  ciaulula  (quod  fi  non  ambo) 
a  fede  aptica  dcputat'  falutem  in  dno  et  mandatis  nolhis  imo  verms  apticis  firmiter 
obedire.  Li'as  landlifl"'  in  Chrilto  patris  et  dm  nri  i'vlartiiii  uivina  providentia 
Papa;  V.  ejus  nomine  vera  bulla  plumDea  cum  cordula  c.mapis  more  Romane 
curie  bullata  non  viciatas,  non  cancellatas,  nee  in  aliqua  lul  parie  corrupt'  led 
omni  prorfus  vitio  et  fuTpicione  carentes  nobis  p  dilcreium  viruin  iiuigrum  Wiltuni 
Wrawbye  in  Theologia  Baccalaur'  14  die  menfis  Uftob'  anno  d'ni  ccccxxxmo 
indictionc  nona  pontificatus  fanftiil'  in  Chrilto  p.itris  ct  cfni  d'ni  Martini  fupradifti 
divina  providentia  Papx-  Quinti  anno  xiij  in  ecctia  conventuali  pretati  pnoratus  pro- 
curatorem  alma?  et  immaculate  univerfitatis  Cantebrigia;'  diChe  dioc'  ac  cancellarii, 
doclorum,  matrrorum,  ct  Icnolar' tjuld' univerfitatis  iepublice  allerentem  prout  nobis 
notario  et  tellibus  hie  in  fublcriptione  notarii  dcfcriptis  p  Iras  pjtentcs  tub  nomine 
univeifitatis,  cancellaiii,  dodtorum,  magiltror'  et  icholar'  j)rcdid:or'  notarie  faft  ac 
figillo  coniuni  univerfitatis  prediftiE  realucr  comui  itas  conllabat  ad  plenum,  "i  enor 
veto  diClar  liarum  patentium  liquiiur,  et  ctt  talis. 

Patcat  univerfis  p  preientes  me  joliem  Kolbroke,  S.  T.  P.  univerfitatis  Cantatjt* 
Elienf  dioc.  cancellar'  magros,  dodores,  et  Icholarcs  oiifte  umverluatis  tt  ftudii 
iinanimi  aflenlu  et  conlenlus  tcciiic,  coiiUituifle,  et  ordinalle,  dilcdlos  nobis  in  Chrilto 

»  llcmy  Chichley.  *  J'hilip  Morgan. 

1  niagros 


O  F    B  A  R  N  W  E  L  L    A  B  B  £  Y.  33 

magros  Radulphiim  Duckworihe,  Joftem  Athyll,  Wiltum  Wrawbye,  ct  Willum 
Sill'  c'icos,  et  coium  quemlibet,  in  folid'  nras  veros  et  univerfitatis  nre  predict*  le- 
gitimos  prociir:uorcs  ac4oruin,  ne»otioriim,  geflorum,  et  nuncios  fpeciales,  dantes  et 
Concedenrcs  eifu' procuratoribus  iiris  et  cuilibet  eoiuai  in  Iblid' i)Iena  n  ct  liberam 
poteflatem  pro  nobis  et  univerfitate  lira  predifta  in  Romana  curia  et  cancellaria 
ejnfd'  impetrandi  contradicendi  tam  Iras  (impliccbquam  legend!  gratiim  feu  juAitiam 
Conrinentes  prefentandi,  prorpcjuendi,  et  eai  um  caufas  et  materiiis  excipiend'  petcndi, 
in  !oca  et  judices  convcniendi,  confenricndi,  et  contradicendi,  necnon  coram  quibui- 
cunque  judicib'  cognltorib'  inqiiifitorib'  ordinariis  feu  eoruai  couiiilariis  ac  fedis 
aptice  delegatis  ex  officio  mere  feu  martinario,  vel  ad  j-artis  mftantiam,  feu  aliter 
qualitercunque  proccdentibus  feu  proceflijris  in  omnibus  caufis,  negotiis,  litibus,  con- 
troverfiis,  querelis,  p  vel  contra  nos  feu  univerfitatem  riram  predial'  niotis  feu  mo- 
vendis,  et  fpecialitcr  in  negotio  confirmationis  quorunilum  privilegiorum  nrorum  ct 
univerfitatis  nre  prcedi6l'  et  executionis  cujufdam  bullae  aptice  confirmatorio  ab  ea- 
dcm  fede  nobis  ap'  n';S  obftante,  itn,  yidelicet,  quod  non  iit  melior  conditio  occupantis, 
fed  quod  unus  iucepit  quilibet  eoruni  libere  profequi  mediate  vaieat  ct  finire,  po- 
teflatem itaque  generalem  et  mandatum  fpeciale  pro  nobis  ut  premitiitur  et  univer- 
fitate predi.f>a  coniparendi,agendi,  defcndendi,  excipiendi.replicanni,  libellandi,  articu- 
landi,  feu  quamcunque  aliam  fummarie  petitionem  verbo  vel  in  fcriptis  femel  dand' 
minii^rand'  petend'  recipiend'  et  proteftand'  litem  feu  lites  conteftand'  et  contellari 
petend' et  audiend' juramentum  tam  de  cainmnia  quam  de  veritate  dicend'  et  de 
coilulione  vitand'  et  quodlibet  aliud  genus  liciti  juiamenti  preftand'  et  jurand'  po- 
nend'  articuland'  pofitionib'  et  articulis  refpondend'interogatorum  minillrando  teiles,. 
tras,  privilcgin,  indulgentias,inflrumenta,  et  muniraenta  quKCunque  exhibendi  et  often- 
dendi  interefle  iiium,  alleoandi,  et  admittendi,  patendi,  et  in  teflcs  et  eorum  difta 
dicendi  crimina  defedtus  objiciendo,  obje6tis  feu  objiciendis  refpondendi,  in  integrant, 
rertitutionem  damnornm,  eftimationum  e\pens'er  iniereire  quodlibet,  ncc  non  et  a  qui- 
bufcunque  iufpentionis.excommunicationis,  interdifli,  et  fequcitri  fententiis  a  jure  vel 
ab  hore  latis  feu  ferendis,  abfoluiionis  et  relaxationis  beneficium  petendi,  rccipiendi, 
et  obiinendi  in  judices  notaries  et  loca  confentiendi  vel  diffentiendi,  ac  eos  et  ea  recu- 
fandi,  pronuntiationes  faclendi,  peiendi,  et  audiendi,  concludendi,  et  concludi  petendi 
fenrentias  tam  interloquatorias  quam  definitorias  ferri  petendi,  et  audiendi,  et  ab  ei> 
et  quolibet  alio  gravamine  in  judicio  vel  extra  nobis  feu  univerfitati  Tire  illatis  feu 
inferendis  provocandi  et  appcllandi,  provocationes  et  appellationes  notificandi  et  in- 
timandi  et  earum  cauias  profequendi  aliura  vel  alios  procuratorem  vel  procuratorcs 
fuo  loco  et  cujuflibet  eorum  fubltituendi,  fubftitutum  aut  fubflitutos  in  fe  et  eorum 
queiidibet  re-affumendi,  et  generaliter  omnia  alia  et  fingula  faciendi,  exercendi,  et 
cxpediendi  que  in.  premilTis  vel  circa  oportuna  faerint  feu  quomodolihet  necelHiria 
pro  eifd'  vero  procuratorib'  iiris  et  eorum  quolibet  fubflitutis  vel  fubllituendis  ab 
eifd'  vel  ab  eorum  aliquo,  nos  ratum,  gratum,  et  firmum  ppetuo  habitari  quicquam  p 
eofd' vel  eorum  aliquem  aiftum,  geflum,  feu  procuratum  fuerit  in  premiffis  vel  in 
aliquo  premiflb  (ilb  vd  judicatum  folvi  cum  omnibus  claufulis  fub  ypotetica  et  obli- 
gatione  omnium  rerum  iiiarum  promittimus,  et  cautionem  exponimus  p  prefentcs. 
I-n  cujus  rei  tefliraonium  ligilkim  iirum  commune  prefentib'  duximus  apponend'. 
Dat'  Cantabr'  in  novacapella  univerfitatis  arc  10  die  Oclobris  anno  Dni  1^30.    Nos 

D  cum 


34  A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X    T  O    T  H  E    H  I  3  T  O  R  Y 

cum  ea  que  dccet  noveiitis  recipiiTe  quaram'  frarurn  apticarum  tenor  dinofcitnr  eiTe 
taiis  ;  Maftiniis  epus  (ervus  fervqrum  Dei  dileiStis  fili;5  priori  mon'  de  Bernewell,  &c. 

'  ut  in  bulla  Martini  imediate  pvecedcnre. 

Poil:  quanim'quidem  lirerarutn  apticarum  prefentationem  et  reccptionein  prefatus 
>Yi;'rgr  Willmus  procurator  nos  Guni  inftanria  reqaifivit  iit  ad  executinnem  diflarurrr 
trarum  apticarum  et  in  cifd'  contentorum  procedcre  ruiaremus.  Nos  igitur  prior, 
executor,  et  comiffiir  anredift'  volcntes  tanquaiU  obedienti;-e  filiiis  Iras  et  nrandatum 
aptlcura   fupradift'   in   hac  parte  direft'  reverrnter  excqui  ut  teneniur  au6toritate 

.  a;)Tica  nobis  in  hac  parte  dircft' et  ccrSilTi, 'coiiliJerata  forma  didarum  Irarnm  de 
raore,  conluetudine,  et  juriidiiftionc  cancellarii  et  univerfitaris  predict' aliifqt'.e  in  difiis 
tris  apticis  feriofius'Gomprehenfis  juxta  ipfari:nn  continentiarn  et  tenorem  fummarie 
et  diligcnteV  ihqiia;fivimus  veritaiem.  Et  quia  p  inquilitionrni  ct  fumariani  cogni- 
tioncm  bujufmodi  ex  fide  dignorum  tedimonio  rejierimus  cance'.larium  diftir  uni- 
verfitatls  in  pofleilione  et  exercitici  ecclefiafticas  jurilditSiorti'S  fuili'e  et  eflV,  idcirco  lios 
executor  apficus  antedift' de  Bulla  atdica  pnrdiifla  et  contcnta  in  eadern  plcnioreai 
nofi'tiam  habere  voicntes  prcmifl'  quarto  dccimo  die  et  icco  pro  tribunali  icdintcs 
cid'  magro  Wilhno  Richer  in  apparitoreUi  eleft'  et  prip..irus  depUtat'  diem  Luna?  ex 
tunc  prox'  fequent  pod  d\S.'  qnartum  dccimum  diem  eid'  nir^gro  Wiltmo  procuratnri 
omnibufque  aliis  quorum  intereft  vel  interclTe  poterir  in  h jc  parte  ad  comparend' 
allegand'  et  proponend'  et  ad  cetera  que  ad  negotium  vrl  in  neeptio  contirraationis 
in  prefatis  Iris  aptlcis  content'  fnerint  faciend'  et  expediend'  in  domo  capitulari 
prioratus  iiii  pradicii  prsfiximus  et  aiTignavimus;  quo  quidem  die  Luua?,  viz.  i6  die 
in,:nf'  Odob'  anno  Dorriini  lupradifti,  idem  magr  Wdts' procurator  prcdift*  coram 
vobis  executore  aptico  antedico' in  dielo  domo  capitulari  pro  tribnnali  fedcnte  pro- 
curatorio  nomine  quo  fupra  comjjaruit,  et  quofd'  articulos  infe^itis  de  fcript'Ioco  ct 
nomine  libelli  fumarii  indifl-or'confirmationis  negotio  pro  parte  cancellari',  m  grorum, 
doflorum,  et  fcholar'  univerf  prjeoicifr  p  no?  admitti  petiit,  et  iuper  nos  cum 
debita  inrtantia  requilivit.     Copia  vero  articulorum  predift'  fequitur  in  hac  forma. 

In  Dei  nomine,  Amen.  Coram  vobis  priore  prioratus  de  R'eriie'well,  Elienf 
dioc'  executore  aplicoet  delegato,  una  cum  magro  Jotine  Depyng,  canonico  Lincoln', 
collega  vro,  cum  ilia  claufula  quod  fi  non  ambo  ad  prelens  ie  licite  excufanre  ad 
exequerd'  certas  tras  apticas  fup'  confirmatione  quorundum  privilcgiorum  p  Homanos 
pontifices  cancellario  doftoribus  et  fcholaribus  univerfirads  t'antabrisiae  di<ffe  dioc' 
indubitataiuni  a  iannnque  confuetudiuum  et  jurifditlioni's  eccUfise  urivcrfitatis  ejnfd' 
legitime  ('qutat'.  Ego  Wiltus  Wrawbye,  S.  T.  B.  procurator  et  procuratorie 
.nomine  di<floi*  (Cancellarii,  doft'  et  icol'  univerfitatis  predifte  infrafcripios  articulos 
do,  <acio,  et  exhibeo,  et  p  vos  due  executor'  nomine  quo  iupra  cos  eteorum  quem- 
libet  admit!  peto,  ad  quos  proband*  offero  parat'. 

I.  Iiiipriaiis  articulo  et  probare  intendo  quod  Roman!  pontifices  inhibendo  de- 
creverunt  ct  p  eorum  fcripta  inter  alia  concelTcrunt  doftorib'  et  I'cohir'  uni\  eriiiatis 
predict',  quod  nudus  arcldepus,  epus,  archidi.  c',  aut  eorum  ofiicialcs  in  aliquam  doc- 
tnruni  et  Icholar'  pr;rdid'  I'ufpenlionis,  excommunicationis,  feu  interdidi  lenrentias 
ferrc,  aut  ipfos  leu  eorum  familiares  ijifamve  unlverfitatem  moleftare  feu  quomodo- 
libet  (ub  interdido  ponere  pridumet  tub  poena  excominunicatioKis  quam  conirave- 
iiiens  incurfcret.  iplo  f'aifto. 

2.  Item 


OF    BARNWELi     ABBEY.  35 

2.  Item  quod  fuper  inhibitione  et  decreto  hujufmodi  nee  non  aliis  p  fedem  aplicam 
eiJ' .uniyei-i' cancelP  nonnulhi  di£te  uiiivcrb'  0;:.tuta  de  comiini  conlilio  et  dclilx- 
ratipne^matui-a  mngroruni  dGclor"  u-aiverfiiatis  predidt'  conciita  hint,  cariCellarlukjue 
diiflsp  univers'  pro  tempore  exiftensj  qui  fub  cancellapii  denominatione  inibi  \iccm 
redloris  obtinuit  et  obtinct  juxta  diaa  priv.ilegia  et  llatuta  omniirioda  fuper  cor- 
rigend'  et  puri'end'  cxcefius  I'upponitorura  feu  pfonarum  ditte  univ'  ac  tog- 
nofcend' et  detiden4';ca.uris  ct  negOiiis' fupponitds  et  perfonas  hiijufmodi  contin- 
gentibus  jurifdictioncm  ccclefiarticam  et  fpirituakm  exercere  confuevit  et  cxercet 
pacincc  in  pr-fenti  et  avticulariter  diviinii. 

3.  Articido  et  intendo  pr(>bare  ego  procurai'  prediflus  quod  omres  et  finguli 
fcolaies  feu  clerici  in  lacris  etin  minoribus  ordinibus  conilitini,  curat!  et  non  curat!, 
ad  linivtrl''  Cantabr'  gratia  ftudii  coiifluentes  tarn  feculares  quam  regulares,  exempti 
et  non  exempri,  cujufcunque  gradus,  Ibtus,  conditionis,  ordinis,  vel  dignitatis  fuerint, 
quamdiu  in  univerlitate  predidta  expedantes  et  ut  fiudentes  exillunr,  eorum  etiain 
famm<ire5  ac  ejuid'  univerl'  miniftri  corfiunes,  necnon   fcriptores,  iliiiminatorcs,  li- 

.  gatorefque  bbrorum,  atque  ftationarii,  tuerunt  et  funt  ac  folent  et  effe  debeht  tam  ex 
antiqua  confuetudine  p  teaipus  cujus  contrarii  memoria  bujurrnodi  non  exirtit  pa-' 
cifice.uhtata,  quam  ex  concelli'ine  aplica,  deet  fuper  jurifdicdone  ecclef;aflica  et  fpi- 
ritual!  cancellarii  univerfitatis  piedidt'  p  tempore  exi^entis. 

4.  Item  quod  cancellarius  difte  univ'  quicuuquc  pro  tempore  fuo  exiflens  in  per- 
fonas ac  in  eorum  rebus  omnem  et  cmnur.od'  uium  et  juvifdiftionem  ecclefiafticanx 
criiTjiiium  et  exctfTuiim  corre^iionem,  dcbnquentium  piinitionem,  pcenarum  ec 
niulctarum  impoiltioncm,  relaxatior.em,  et  cxafiionem,  ttflamentorum  plbnarum  pre- 
diftarum  ai.probationem,  infinuationem,  et  reprobationem,  ac  cenfunt  cujufcunque 
ecclefiallica?  exercitium  a  tempore  cujus  contrarii  memoria  non  ex:flit,  habuit  et 
habet  folum  et  in  folid'  fcientiinis  ct  toleraiitibus  quibufcunque,  archiepis,  epis,  " 
archidiac'  provinc'  Anglicana;,  et  de  omnibus  et  fmgulis  predjftis  difpofuit  prout  in 
prefcnti  difponit. 

5..  Item  quod  diift'  cancellarius  quafcunque  pfonas  etiam  fibi  non  fubdit'  nee 
fubjeft'  contrahentes  cum  perfonis  fupradidtis  cid'cancellario  fubditis  vcl  fubjeflis  vel 
crga  eafd'  feu  earum  aliqueni  deliiLjuentes,  folebatet  debet  maxime  inobedicntes  et 
rebejles  per  cenfuras  ecclefiafticas  compefcerf,  caftigare,  fufpendere,  excommunicare, 
et  abfoivere,  ficut  quoque  poteft,  debet,  et  foJet,  principales  perfonas  fibi  fupponitas 
in  rertio  articulo. 

6.  Item  quod  omnia  et  fmgula  prajmiffa  funt  publica,  manifefta^notaria,  ct  firmofa, 
et  fuper  eifu'  p  i.ioc'  Elienl'  et  ali^a  loca  convicina  laboravit  et  laborat  publica  vox 
et  fama. 

Qiiorum  fa6>a  fide  qis  in  hac  parte  requiritur,  peto  ego  procurator  antediftus 
omqem  et  omnimodum  tifum  et  jurifdicftionem  ccclefiatbcam  folum  et  in  folidum 
quam  ad  perfonas  in  icrtio  aniculo  fuperius  expreffas  ad  canceliar'  univerfitatis 
prffid'  pro  tempore  exigent'  p  yos  dne  prior  executor  antedictus  pertinere  ct  per- 
tinere  debere,  decern!,  et  dcclarari,  iplumque  ulum  ct  exercitium  fpiricualis  jurif- 
di^iionis  cancellariis  univerfits.tis  prsed'  juxta  conceffiones  apticas  et  laudabiles 
conluetudines  univerfitat  s  i>riefatEE  audjtoritate .  aplica  vobis  comill'  approbari  et 
confirniafj,  ukeriufque  fieri,  quoniam  veftroincunibic  officio  in  hac  parte.    Quibus  j> 

D  2  ricjs 


35  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 

n  s  admiiris  idem  procurator  ad  eos  proband'  tcrtes  prox'  infrafcriptos  produxit; 
viz.  Jotiem  Dynne,  Juliem  Thorp,  Walterum  Barley,  Tho'  Marchande,  Willum 
Lavender,  Tlipmam  Thirkiil,  Wilkim  Soil,,  quibu-;  per  nos  admilTis  tc  de  dicend* 
in  diit'  caDl'a  vericate  fupraviiftis  articulis  et  in  ciid'  contentis  in  forma  juris  juratis 
iecrere  et  fioillacim  p  nos  diligencer  examinatis,  quorum  depofuionum  tenores  fe- 
quntur  in  hiis  verbis. 

jolines  Dynne,  ccntis  79  annoru'.n,  liberie  onditionis  et  bonse  fjmx  ut  dicic 
teltis  admiPuis,  et  juratus,  et  diligenter  examinatus  iuper  p'imo  articulo,  et  dicit  quod 
continet  veritatem  ;  interrogatus  p  quid  Icir,  dicit  quod  vidlc  diverla  privilegia  et  re- 
fcripta  apoftulica  tenorem  primi  articuli  continentia.  Interrogatus  luper  lecundo 
articulo  dicit  quod  continet  vtrritatem.  Interr.igarus  quomodo  i'cit  quod  nonnuila 
flatuta  facta  p  cancellar',  magros  dodlorcs  przeJidns  vidk'  et  piomulgationeni  icu 
publicationem  hujiifmodi  ftatutorum  varias  poenas  et  ccndir.is  eccticas  continent' 
audiv'it,  et  di^tuin  canceliarium  pro  tempore  exident'  qoandoque  p  le  quanduque  ejus 
comiff^rium  jurifdidtionem  ecclicarn  et  cognitionem  cauiaruni  luppunit-  r'  et  [)cr- 
Ibnarum  univerfitatis  pra;d'  tarn  in  perfonis  quam  caufis  eos  contiigeniibus  vidit  p 
fexaginta  annos  exercere.  Interrogatus  fuper  articulo  luoius  recitatoet  in  eo  contentis 
dicit  quod  hoc  novit  et  vidit  quafi  j?  60  annos  qu.iiiter  cancellarii  prnnlif  s  univerl"' 
Canrabr'  habutrrunt  prout  adhuc  haberu  omnes  et  finguli  omnem  et  oninimodutn 
jur'fdiiflionem  eccticam  foiurn  et  in  folidum  in  et  de  perfonis  in  dicto  tertio  articulo 
nominatis,  et  exercitium  ejufd'  in  cifd'  perfonis  et  earum  rebus  ohtinuerunt  er  ex- 
ercuerunr,  etficquiiibet  eorum  hibuit  et  exercuit,  et  realiter  line  ahqua  interruptione 
ufu;  fult.  Interrogatus  qui  fuerunt  lili  cancellarii  qui  exercitium  et  jurildidionem 
hujufin'  habuerunt,  dicit  fcientia  fua  quod  iRi  viri  venerabiles  magri  et  dodores, 
viz.  Ricardus  ie  Scrope,  Johnes  Dunwyche,  Eudo  le  Zouch,  Joties  Burgh,  \A^illus 
Colvyle,  J()ftes  Neketon,  Ricus  Derham,  S'ephus  le  Scrope,  J'-lies  Hikynhail, 
Rob:us  Fitzhugh,  Marmadukus  Lumeleye,  Joties  Holbroke,  canceilarius,  et  alii 
quamplures  de  quibus  non  recolit  ad  prefcns.  Interrogat'  de  quar  o  articulo  dicit 
quod  continet  veritatem  de  fcientia  fua  prout  fuper  depifu't,  et  quod  omnes  et  finguli 
cancellarii  fuis  temporibus  in  perfonis  tertio  articulo  lupius  contentis  et  in  eorum  re- 
bus habuerunt  omnem  jurifdic^nem  ecclicarn  et  in  eas  delinquentes  infra  territorium 
univerf  predictor'  p  cenfuras  eccticas,  puta  p  fufpenfionem  et  excommunicationem 
et  alias  pcenas,  conr;pffcerunt  et  punierunt,  tefiamentorumque  earund'  perfonaium 
omnium  et  fingular'  infra  univerfitate  decedentium  ex  eorum  officio  conceflerunt 
adminidrationes,  bonorum  hujufm'  calculum  recepcrunt,  plenarie  aquietancias  con- 
cefierunt,et  fie  fecit  quiiibet  de  videre  et  notitia  fua,  nee  unqunn  audivit  contrarium. 
Interrogatus  an  di6li  cancellarii  ifta  p  eum  depofua  folum  de  confuetudine  habu- 
erunt, dicit  quod  non  folum  de  confuetudine  ufuali  fed  etiam  de  priviltgio  eidcm 
univerf  et  cancellario  ejufd'  a  diverfis  pontificib'  Romanis  antiquitus  concefT',  et 
dicit  fe  tenorcs  divcrfos  difti  privilegii  vidifle  et  legiffe.  Interrogatus  ultra  de 
fcientia  et  tollcrantia  archieporum,  eporum,  archidiac',  diric  »Hiod  continet  veri- 
tatem de  fcientia  fua,  quia  cuftodes  fpiritualitatis  epatus  Eiicnf  t-  ticns  quotiens 
ipfius  fede  vacante  deputati  official,  etiam  eporum  et  archidiai'  Eiicnl'  continue 
intra  diftam  univerf  fpedantes  ejufd'  univerfitatis  cancellario  jurifd  clioncrn 
hujufm'  in  perfonas  fibi  fubjc<5t'  continue  exercere  noverunt  et  fine  interruptione 
aliqua  a  tempore   cujus  conirarii,  &c.   pcrtnifJeruntj  <£t  de  prelenti   quitte   per- 

miituat, 


OF     BARNWELL    ABBEY. 


37 


■mittunt,  quod  fine  notitia  et  permifTione  diclor'  archieporum,  eporiim,  et  aichidiac* 
iJnorurn  fuorum  non  poffit  fieri  quovilmodo.  Ipfimet  ctiaiii  archit-pi  et  epi,  quorum 
unu3  nuie  Jolks  Fordham  jam  nupcr  Eiitiil' hujulm' teniporibns  quibus  didt' lilicT.i' 
dioc'  vifitabant  cum  ad  villani  Cantabrigia;  dcclinarunt  ad  requifitioncrn  canccUarii 
univerfitatis  prted'  pro  tempore  exiflentis  privilegia  ct  conructudines  ipfius  univer- 
fitatis  intimantis  et  publice  dcclaraniis  a  corrtctione,  ufu,  et  exercitio  iuritdi6iionis 
ecclefiafticfe  quoad  perlonas  eidcm  cancellario  liibjeft'  totaUter  fijperffderunt.  In- 
terrogatus  fupcr  quinio  ariiculo  dicic  quod  contintt  veritarem  ;  requifuus  p  quoci 
fcit,  dicic  quod  novic  ec  vidk  quafi  p  60  anncs  qualiter  cancellar'  prsdid;'  et  alii 
quol'cunque  laicos  et  cticos  non  fuse  jurirdiftioni  luppofitos  in  perfonas  fibi  lubjedt' 
et  tuppofic'  delir.quentes  vel  ofFcndentes  cum  cilb'  peiicnis  qualitercun-que  contra- 
hentes  non  tolum  p  poenas  pecuniarias  ct  corporales  juxta  privilegia  regum  Angliae 
eis  concefia  fed  et  p  ccnfuras  ecclefiafticas  correxerunt,  conflrinxerunt,  et  caRigariinr, 
et  redcmptioncs  pcenarum  tarn  temporaiium  quam  fpiritualium  limitarunt,  feccrunr, 
et  reccperunt,  ec  cos  a  ceiifuris  ecckfialticis  ablolverunt.  Requilitus  fuper  Itxto  arti- 
culodicit  quod  continet  veritatem  quoad  depofua  per  eum,  et  dicit  (luod  fie  fuit  et  eft 
tentum,  reputatum,  ct  vulgaricer  promulgat'  p  terrpus  et  tempora  cujus  et  quorum 
contrarii  memoria  vel  mcinoric  non  exiftic  feu  exiflunt.  Kt  ultra  dicit  quod 
nee  vidit  nee  audivit  aliquem  dicentem  quod  vidic  vel  audivit  contrarium  uficatum, 
nee  quod  aliquis  majorum  luorum  viderit  vel  audivcrit  diAum  reputatum  leu  juda- 
catum  in  contrarium,  et  fie  dicit  eft  communis  opinio. 

Johes  Thorpe,  fcxaginta  et  octo  annorum,  libere  conditionis  et  bonje  famce  ut  dlcir, 
ct  tefiis  admilFus  et  juratus,  interrogatus  fuper  premiflfis  articulis  oJbus  et  fingulis 
concordat  cum  conteftc  fuo  preccdente  in  oibus,  hoc  e.NCepto  quod  non  eft  tantie 
statis,  ct  quod  non  vidit  riec  novit  Ricardum  le  Scrope  prsdict'  cancellarium. 

Walter  Barley,  setatis  58  annorum  et  amplius,  liberae  conditionis  et  bona  fam^ 
ut  dicit,  icftis  admiflus  requifitus  diligenter  fup  prsmifiis  articulis  oibus  dicit  quod 
continent  veritatem.  Et  deponit  ut  depofuit  primus  conteftis  fuus  prajterquam 
quod  non  eft  tantte  artatis  et  quod  non  novit  prirdiiRa  nifi  p  42  annos,  ncc  aoyic 
Kicaidum  le  Scrope,  nee  Joti;m  Dunwyche,  prsedicft'  cancellar'. 

Thomas  Markande  ',  zetatis  40  annorum  et  amplius,  teftis  admifi'us  et  libera  con- 
ditionis et  bona;  fam^e  ut  dicit,  requifitus  diligenter  fup  premifl"'  articulis  oibus 
€t  fingulis  dicit  quod  continent  veritatem,  et  concordat  cum  primo  contefte  fuo  ex- 
cepto  quod  non  tft  tanr^  fetatis,  nee  pr^difta  nifi  p  30  annos  vidit,  nee  novit  Ricum 
Scrope,  Johem  Dunwyche,  Johem  Burgh,  nee  Wiltum  Colvyle,  prjcdidl'  cancellar*. 

Willus  Lavender,  xetatis  48  annorum,  libera  conditionis  et  bon^  famje,  ut  dicit, 
teftis  admifl"us  et  fup'  prsmiffis  diligenter  examinatus,  concordat  cum  fuo  prasdido 
contefte  in  omnibus. 

Tho' Thirkvil,  a'tatis  40  ann' et  amplius,  liberje  conditionis  et  bonce  fams  ut 
dicir,  teftis  adm  flTus,  juratus  et  examinatus  fup  prasmiflis  concordat  cum  proximo 
contefte  fuo  in  oibus,  et  cald'caufas  reddit  Icientiie. 

Wiltus  Sull,  26  ann'  ct  amplius,  libera  conditionis  et  bonte  famje  ut  dicir,  teftis 
admifl'us,  et  examinat'  fup  content'  in  articulis  novit  p  10  annos  in  ceteris  oibus  cum 

'  Probably  the  fame  wlio  was  fellow  of  Corpus  Chiifti  CoIIe  e  :nd  proflor  1417,  oie  of  tlie  ino^ 
eminent  antiqmries  of  his  time,  who  made  a  collec^tion  ot  ihe  pri\"Hcg«,  ftmute-,  &:c.  of  the  univer- 
fi'.y,  now  among  their  archives.     He  died  1439.     Maliers'  Hill,  of  Corpus  Chiifli  College,  p.  41,  41^ 

prox* 


38  APPENDIX     TO     THE     HISTORY 

prox'  contefte  fuo  concordat,  excepro  quod  non  nr>vic  alios  canccllarios  de  pras- 
didlis  quam  Rubtum  litzhugli,  Marmaducum  Lumtleye,  ec  Jclkm  Holbrckc, 
nicdernum. 

Detnum  depofuiomim  priEdi^orum  teftium  piib'icritione  fa£la  et  streflationum 
prtrdiift'  cidein  prociiratori  cererirque  omnibus  qu  runi  iiitereft  leu  intcrefie 
porerit  in  hac  pnrte  copiisp  nos  decret'  ulieriorilque  produclionis  termin'  denunciac' 
nihil  diil'-vel  objfft' contra  tefies  feu  eorum  depofuiones,  diem  Jovis  extunc  prox' 
fequent  eid'  ppcuratori  ca^rerifque  quorum  intereil  vel  intereffe  poterit  ad  proponend' 
oniflia  utfafta  exillent  in  difta  dom'  captari  pro  terniino  ultro  et  pereniprorioaffigna- 
vimus;  quo  quidem  die  Jovis  advenientc,viz.  19  die  nT^nf  0(5iob',  anno  Dnifupcadift', 
inftrumentum  publicum  copias  quarund'  iiaruni,  privilegiorum,  et  iiidulroruni  apti- 
coruni  continens,  una  cum  aliis  cvidentiis,  muiumentis,  et  fiatutis  a  l.bro  uatutcrum 
d'\6i?c  univeri'  clicitis  et  extraiiis  in  fublidium  probacionis  prsedidlse  coram  nobis 
exhtbu'-t. 

Copia  vero  didli  inllrnmenti  pubiici  fequitur  in  hsee  verba  : 

In  Dei'  nomine,  Amen.  Per  preiens  ]iub!icum  inflrumentum  conflet  embus 
maiVifefte,  quod  anno  ab  incarnatione  CTii  fecurdum  curfum  et  coniputatioiiem  eccli^ 
An'glicancE  Mccccxxix,  indiclione  7ma5  ponrificatus  fancftifl''  in  Chrii'lo  patii's  et  DiiT 
liri  Dni  Martini  divina  providentia  Paper  V'ti  anno  xiimo,  menf  Sept'  die  noho,  in 
capella 'Corporis  thrifti  infra  ecctiam  paroch' beatce  Marife  virgihis  Cantabrigiie' 
fciiuai',  in  mei  notarii  publici  et  teflium  fubfcriptorum  pra^fentia  ccnflitati'perfo- 
naliter  ven'  viri  magri  Jotiis  Wolpett  et  ]<fiU  Botwriglit  ',  magn  in  artib'  univerfitatis 
Cantabr' pr^cd' Elienf'dioc'  procuratores  duas  tras  apticas,  unaiti,  viz.  Jotiis  xxdi, 
alteram  vero  Bonifacii  ixni  quondarn  Romanorum  Pontificiim,  more  curia;  Piomdnorum 
buliatas,  regiflrumque  ejufd'  univerf  variorum  et  diverforum  juriura,  privilegiorum, 
libertatum,  munimentoruni,  ac  jurifdiflioncm  prtefats  univerf  et  ipfam  univerf  cbn- 
cerneniium,  copias  continens,  et  inter  alia  duarum  bullar',  unius  fcil'  Honorii  !mi, 
alteriufqueSergii,  quond'eliam  Romanor'  Pontificum,  ab  archivis  ejufd'  univerfitatis 
extraliendo  protulerunt,  exhibuerunt,  et  oflcnderunt  palam  etpublice,  tunc  ibm  alle- 
gantes  fe  eas  in  diverfis  mundi  partib'  in  jurium  et  jurifdictionis  dicl;^, univerfitatis  fub- 
fidiuui  et  defenfionem,  ut  afferuerunt,  exhibituros,  et  fPpter  earum  notoriam  vetuflatem 
et  viarum  pericula  eas  ad  jianes  remotas  corncde  cariiue  nequire,  et  ea  occ;ifione  tranf- 
cripto  exemplare  aut  copiis  plurimum  indigere.  Undemihi  notario  et  teflibus  infra- 
fcriptis  prffidiftas  bullas  ac  etiam  regilbum  pradift',  afcultanda  et  infpicienda  tradi- 
derunt  et  iib'eravcrunt,  atrente  requirente  et  rogante,  prai'iabitis  deliberatione  et  in- 
fpeifiione  diligentibus  fupcr  eifd'  nle  notar'difias  bulias  tranfumere,  tranfcribere,  five 
exeiftplare  et  diflum' regiftruin  quoad  ilia!  duas  bullas  fideliier  copiare,  et  fuper  in- 
fpcftione,  traiifumprione,  iranfcriptione,  excmplatione  five  copiatione  hujufm'  pub- 
licum uiUrumentum  conficere,  et  te.ftes  fubfcriptos  in  premiffis  ttftimonium  i^hibere, 
ijuarum  unius,  fcil'  Johis  pap£  xxiidi  tenor  fequitur  et  efl:  talis. 

Jolies  cpus  fervu-3  fervorum  Dei,  &c.  iHic  infcr'ibi  debet  ^bulla  inlegre  prciit  ftipra 
bahetiir fol'  imo  Inijus  volumnh. 

Tenor  vero  bullae  Bonifacii  fequitur  in  Iiiis  verbis. 

'  Jolin  Bonvrighr,  who  was  proaor  tli's  year  wiih  John  Wol[  ett,  was  chortn  niafier  of  C.  C.  C.  in 
thi;  iiniverfity,  144.3,  was  n'l'tor  of  Swaffham  hi  the  couiuy  of  Noifolk,  his  native  town,  and  d\ing  1474, ■ 
was  buiied  in  bia  cliurch,  where  lii.  monument  remains.     Mailer^'  Hifi'  of  C.  C.  C.  p.  45—48. 

5  Bonifacius 


O  F    B  A  R  N  W  E  L  L    A  B  B  E  Y.  39 

"Bonlfaclus  cpus  fervorum  fervus  Dei,  Sec.  Ilic  eiiam  infcribi  debet  hu'i'a  Bcfii/adi 
papa  integre  ficut  ir.firkiir  fupra  foT  zdc. 

Seqiiunttir  etiam  hie  bidUs  dua,  viz.  Boncrii  et  Sergii  paparum  j  quis  quidem  bulla 
■itraeniantitr  fupra,  fol'  3^/4. 

Tenor  vero  alioriim  miinimenrorum  et  flnrtitor'  fcqultur,  ec  efl  tali?. 
.  Item  excommunicamus  et  excommunicatoa  cienuntiamus  ot-s  p'.urbatores  pacis 
iTOiverfitaiis  Cantabrigia',  ac  etiam  omnes  et  fingulos  privilcgia,  iibertates,  ftu  con- 
fuetiidines  api-robata  et  confucta  indebite  feu  maliciofe  im[)Ugnantes,  encrvantes, 
itnpugnationem  ieuinnervationem  eonind',  feu  aliciijus  eorum  confentientes,  faventes, 
feu  conlulenies,  feu  quovis  qua-fuo  cciare  iinpui^np.tioncm,  feu  enervationem,  ut  pre- 
raittitur  rnachinaiite?,  feu  procurantcs  clam  vel  paLim,  direfte  vel  indircfte,  omnium 
et  finouloium  in  liac  parte  delinqueniium  abfolutione  cancelhuii  IfHus  univerfiratis 
fpecialiter  lefervata. 

Statuimus  fub  poena  etiam  anathcmatis  quod  fi  aliqui  fct  lares  a!.iquem  fciunt  fub 
nomine  Icolaris  fe  gcrere  vel  in  focietate  fua  aliquam  habeant  qui  magrum  non  habeat 
ac  leftionibus  ordinariis  magri  fui  fecunduin  formam  pr£di>Ram  non  interlit,  vel  qui 
concubmam  fuam  manifefte  tenet,  vel  aliquo  mode  p  figna  manirefta  vel  fa^ii  evi- 
dentia  malce  opinioris  fuerit,  et  hoc  quia  fur  vel  incontincns  pacis  pturbator  fuerit 
magio  iuo  denunciet,  vel  cancellario  ut  poft  dcnuntiationem  ftatim  ab  univerfitate 
expelli  poffit. 

Item  moiiemus  primA,  cdo,  et  3110,  fub  poena  excommunicationis  majoris,  ne  quis 
de  c^tero  in  vicis  fcholariurn  turbationem  aliquam  pulfu,  tractu,  feu  quovlfmodo 
faciat,  foveat,  aut  procurat,  aut  eodem  die  feu  aliquo  alio  tempore  fiant  conventiculce 
feu  concurfus  fcholaiium  alicujus  facultatis  p  fe  vel  facultatum  llmul  ad  difponend' 
eligend'  vel  uominand'  eis  capitaneum,  ducem,  cancellarium,  procuratorem,  vel  be- 
dellos,  feu  quemcnnquc  alium  vel  alios  duflores  vel  alios  ofRciarios  quocunque  nomine 
Gcnfeantur,  nee  ad  hujulm'  conventiculas  vel  concurfus  faciend'  campanas  pulfand* 
cornu  vel  tubis  dangent,  nee  quovis  alio  qua;fito  colore  convocent  feu  faciant  con- 
gregar',  ac  infup  in  hujuim'  contravenientes  fentontiam  fecimus  in  hiis  fcriptis,  fuper 
quo  llatuto  decernimus  quod  talis  contraveniens  ilatim  auftoritate  nra  pro  excora- 
rnunicaio  p  ecclias  denuiitietur,  nee  ab  hujufm'  exccmunicatione  abfolvetur  quoufque 
c\{\x  univerfitatis  communi  ratione  hujufm'  excell'us  fuam  communi.folvic  duplicar. 

Provifum  eft  etiam  ije  publico  coveje  p  plateas  de  csetero  fiant,  fed  omnino  in- 
hibeantur,  quia  vifum  eft  univerfitati  p  hujufmodi  coreas  plurimapoffe  evenire  pe- 
ricula.  Item  ftatuium  quod  omnes  did'  inhibition'  contravenientes  ipfo  faflo  in 
fencentiam  incidere  exconiunicationis,  et  ideo  inhibeat  canccltar'  de  ca;tero  hujufm' 
coreas  fieri  fub  pcena  anathematis,  poena  nichilominus  incarcerationis  hujufm'-tranf- 
grcflbrib'  iminenie. 

Item  ftatuimus  qucd  fi  clericus  alium  lira:  univerfitatis  clericnm  ad  forum  feu  judi- 
cium laicale  de  cetero  vocari,  trahi,vfel  in  caufa  convenire  fecerit,  feu  convenerit,  vel 
qtiomodolibet  in  hac  parte  ve.xaverit,  extunc  ipie  necnon  quicunquediftas  univerfitatis 
clericus  cujufcunquf  ronditionis  extiterit  confilium,  auxiliuni,  vel  favorem  eifd'  in 
prx-mifiis  vei  eorum  aliqun  pra-ftans  ipfo  fa-£to  fententiam  excommunicacionis  incurrat, 
a  qua  mfi  tam  univerf  prau1id:e  jui  ifdiftio  fuerit  ufurpata  vel  impedita  quam  parti 
quic  turbata  iu  hujufm'  perfecucione  fuerit  de  injuria  dampnis,  expenfis,  et  intercfie, 

prius 


40  APPENDIX    TO    THE     HISTORY 

prills  p  eundem  integre  fecit  fatisfiiftum  p  di£t'  univcrfitatis  canceliarlnm  prefi- 
dcntcm  vei  quemcunque  nullatenus  ablolvacur.  Quod  (i  hujufm'  ablokitio  prastcr 
vel  conrra  formatn  pr^dift'  aliqiialitcr  fuerit  impenia  ip!b  jure  niillius  peniteas  fit 
momenti.  Item  flatuiinus  fiib  pcena  excommunicacois  quam  extunc  in  rxn  p  ... 
fecimus  in  hiis  fcriptis  ne  aliquis  vel  aliqui  fefta  et  folempniiates  Sanclor' Huyonis, 
Edmundi,  Cutiiberti,  Wilti  Ebor,  in  aliqiio  loco  fmgulari  publice  j)  communi  con- 
curfu  fcholarium  cujufcunque  nationis  deputat'  celebrare  attemptent,  fed  quibuflibet 
in  fua  parochiali  eccta  Deo  et  Sco  cui  devotus  eft,  fi  velit,  cultiim  augeat  divinum. 

Quibusp  nos,  petente  didto  procnratore,  admifiis.et  debite  pnblicatis,  decretis  copiis 
omnibus  cas  habere,  volentibus,  datus  eft  dies  Veneris  prox'  tunc  fequens,  ad  audi* 
endam  in  difla  dome  caplari  fententiam  confirmationis  et  approbationis  privilegiorum 
et  confuetudinum  didt.^  univeriitatis  )uxta  mandati  aplici  nobis  dirtdti  exigentiam 
et  tenorem,  fi  proponenda  et  propofifa  non  obfiftant.  Qiio  quidem  die  V'eneris  prox* 
tunc  fequente  adveniente,  viz.  20  die  fepe  dift'  menfis  Odobris,  nobis  pro  tribunal! 
fedente  in  doino  eaplari  fopius  antedift'  di(5ioque  procuratore  fententkim  confirma- 
toriam  poftulante,  proclamationeque  pubiice  facia  de  nro  niandato  an  aliquis  volu- 
erit  contra  iirum  procefium  objicere  p  Willum  Richer,  apparitorem  irrum  prsd', 
Bullo  contiadiftore  apparent?,  nee  aliquo  alio  propofito  feu  objeclo  quod  noltruni- 
proceffum  potuit  impedire,  ad  noftram  fententiam  proceflimus  p  huac  modum. 

In  Dei  nomine.  Amen.  Nos  prior  prioratus  de  Barnewell,  Elienf '  dioc',  executor,. 
€t  commiffarius  ad  infrafcripta  auttoritate  aptica  deputatus,  una  cum  ven'  viro- 
magro  Joline  Depyng  canonico  Lincoln'  collega  iira,  cum  ilia  claufula  (quod  fi  non 
ambo  licet  abfente  et  legitime  excufato)  prout  nobis  p  inftrumentum  public'  evi- 
denter  apparuit  figno  et  fubicriptione  magri  Radulphi  Bemyngton  notarii  publici) 
confignatum  p  magrum  Willum  VVrawbye,  canceMarii  magrorum  do^or'  et  fcholar' 
univerfitatis  Cantabrigian  diflse  dioc' procuratorem  cum  debita  inftantia  fuimus  requi- 
£ti  quatenus  ad  prolationem  fentcntice  confirmatoriae  privilegiorum,  confuetudinum, 
et  ftatutorum  diflje  univerfitatis  procedere  dignaremus  juxta  formam  predict'  nobis 
fpccialiter  direftorum.  Idcirco  nos  comiffar'  antediftus  rimatis  per  nos  depo- 
fitionib'tellium  produclorum,  infpcftifqueomibuset  fingulis  inftrumentis  piiblicis,  pri- 
vilcgiis;  evidentiis,  munimentis,  aliifque  ftatutis  indifta  caufa  produftis  et  exhibitis,  ac 
jnvelligato  toto  proceffu  in  hac  parte  coram  nobis  habito  a-tque  gefto  de  confilio 
jurifperitorum  nobifcum  aflidentium  a/i  fententiLC  prolaiionem  procedimus  in  hunc 
modum,  &Co, 

In  Dei  nomine.  Amen.  Quia  nos  prior  antediftus  executor  aplicus  p  a6>a  aciitata- 
dedu^a  et  exhibita  coram  nobis  invenimus  fufiicienter  effe  probatum  quod  Romani 
pontifices  in  favorem  dotf^orum  ct  fcholarium  univerfitatis  Cantabr'  prsdicls  eifd'  p 
fua  refcripta  aptica  concefterunt  et  deftrric^ius  inhibendo  fub  poena  excommunicacois 
quam  vcniens  in  contrarium  incurret,  et  ipfo  fac^o  ne  quis  architpus,  epus,  archidiac', 
aut  eorum  official'  in  aliquem  doftorum  feu  fcholar'  univerfitatis  proed'  fufpenfionis, 
excoTucois,  feu  interdicti  fententia  ferre,aut  i,  io&  aut  familiares  enrum  moleftarepra?- 
furaerentjfed  reftor  ipforum  do^orum  et  fcholarium  deconfiliio  fcniorum  et  fanioruirv 
cjufd'  utiiverf  fecunjum  corum  fta:uta_,charitate  femp' media,  corrigere  et  emendare 

ftudcret 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  41 

ftuderet   prout   fludentium  faluti  magis  videret  expedite.     Decreveriint    etiain  qct 
nee  liceret  eifd*  archiepis,  epis,  archid'  univerlitatem  ipfam  vel  al^quem  dodlorum  feu 
fcholar'   ejufd'  excommunicare,    fufpendere,  feu   qiioir.odolibet  Aib  interdifto   po- 
nere  abfqne  fummi  pontiP  aflcnfu  vel  ejus  i'peciali  mandate;  quodque  fur^er  inhibi- 
tione  et  decreto  hu'iufm'  necnon  tris  fuperinde  conteclis  qusedatn  univeifitatis  arni- 
quiora  ftatuta  coinuni  confcnfu  et  deliberatione  matura  magrorum  etdoflorum  prtcd' 
ad  bonum  regimen  univerfitatis  pra^didt'  ordinata  fundantur.     Et  quia  ipfoi  urn  et 
inhibitionis  decreti  et   literarum  vigore  Invenimus  quod  cancellar'  diflje  univerfi- 
tatis  pro   tempore   esiflens,  qui  fub  canccUarii  denominacoe   inibi   vicem   reftoris 
obtinuit   atque  obtinet,  fuper  corrigend'  et  puniend'  excelTus  fuppofitorum  feu  per- 
fonarum  ejufd'  univers'  ac  cognofccnd'  et  decidend'  caufis  et  negoriis  fuppofitos  et 
perfonas  hujufm'  contingentib  jurifdiftionem   ecclefiaftican;  et  fpiritualem  exercere 
confuevit  etiam  a  tempore  cujus  contrarii  memoria  non  exiltet  prout  exercei  notorie 
in  prcefenti  abfque  perturbacoe,  molellatione,  feu  inquietatione  arciiieporum,  eporum, 
archid'  eorum  offic'  quorumcunque  ;  imo  quia  reperimus  archiepum,  epum,  et  archid' 
ab  omni   et  omnimoda  jurifdiftione  ecclica  et  fpirituali  in  difta  univerl'  et   ejuid' 
fuppofitis  ac  perfonis  fe   totaliter   ablHnuilTe;    idcirco  nos  prior  antedicflus  in   hac 
parte  executor   apticus  ipfas  concefliones,   obfervantiam  inhibitionis  et  decreri,  pri- 
vilegia,  ftatuta  illorum  et  exercitiura  jurifdiflionis  ecclicce  et  fpirituahs  hujusm  auc- 
toritate  aplica  nobis  in  hac  parte  comilfa  approbamus.laudamus,  ratificamus,  et  in  hiis 
fcriptis  p  nram  fententiam  confirmamus  tris  apticis  non  obltantibus  necnon  provui- 
cialib  finodalitS  necnon   bonce  memorise  Oiflonis  et  Oftoboni  olim  in  Anglia  fedis 
apticse  legatorum  conftitutioniB  ceterifque  contrariifque  quibufcunque.     In  quorum 
omnium  et  fingularum  teftimonium  prsefentes  Iras  iiras  patentes  feu  pr^fens  publicum 
inftrumentum  nrum  proceffum   et  ejus  feriem  continens  exinde   fieri  et  p  Ricum 
Bightefleye   audoritate    aptica  notar*  publ'  praedift'  fcribam   nrum  in   hac  parte 
fcribi,  fignari,  et  publicari  mandavimus  et  juffimus,  ririque  figilli  appofitionc  fecimus 
comuniri.  Data  et  afta  funt  hiPC  anno,  indiftionc  pontificatus,  menfe,  lucis,  prope  prin- 
cipium  hujus  publici  inftrumenti  denotatis,  dieb'  tamen  variis,  menf '  Odtobris,  prout 
p  proceffum  fpecifice  defignatur,  prefentib'  difcretis  viris  magris  Wilhno  Gull.  Jobs 
Smyth,  JoheCapmakc,  clicisEbor'  etLincohi  dioc',  et  plurib'  aliis  teitib' ad  preinilla 
vocatis  fpecialiter  et  rogatis. 

Tenor  vero  didi  indrumenti  excufatoril  (viz.  Johnis  Depyng  canonici  Line') 
nofcitur  cffe  talis. 

In  nomine  Dei,  Amen.  Per  prefens  publicum  inftrumentum  cundis  appareat  evi- 
dcnter  qd  anno  ab  incarnationc  dni  fecundum  curfum  et  coniputationem  eccti.-^  Angli- 
cans 1430,  indiftione  9a,  pontificatus  fanftilT'  in  Chrifto  patris  et  Dili  nri  Dili  iV]ar- 
tini  divina  pvidcntia  Pap^e  V.  anno  13,  in  ecclia  parochiali  Sti  dementis  Cantebr', 
menf  Odtobr  die  11,  in  mei  Radi  llemyngron,  notarii  publici,  triunique  fubfcip- 
torum  prefentia  pfonaliter  conftitutus  difcretus  vir  niager  Wiltus  W'rawby,  cancellarii, 
magrorum  et  dodorum  univerfitatis  Cantebr'  did'  Elienf  dioc'  procuratorcni  ad 
hoc  legitime  deputatum  palam  et  publice  tunc  \t>m  fe  afierens  et  affirmans,  qualdacn 
Iras  ejufd'  fandiff'  Dili  iiri  Dili  Martini  divina  providentia  Paps  fupradidi  ejus 
vera  bulla  plumbea  cum  cordula  canapis  appendentc  more  Komana;  curia   bullatas 

E  noii 


42  APP7.  NDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 

Bon  viciatas.noii  canceliata^,  non  rafas,  ncque  ab  'litas,nec  i.i  aliqua  fui  parte  corruptasj 
fed  omni  vitio  et  fufp  ac.ie  finiftra  ut  mihi   notario  fupraJifto  videatur  carentes, 
de  et  fuper  iiegotio  confirmationis   quorundam   privilegiorum  univerfitatis  pra>d'  et 
corund'  executionis  a  fedc  aptica  nomine  univeifitatis  pried'  obtent',  .-ecnon  venerab" 
viris  priori  prioratus  dc  BerneweU  did;'  Elienl'  dioc'  et  Johni  Depynge  canonico 
I.incoln' in  eadem  dice'  rcfidenti  cum  ilia   c'aufula  qd   fi  non  ambo,  &c.  a  dida 
fcde  aptica  dired'  Tub  dat'  Romas  2do  non'  Juiii  anno  pontif '  ejufd'  fandiff'  D'ni 
iiri  fupradidi  ^duxit,  et  cid'  magro  Jotii  Depinge,  tunc  iBm  in  ecctia  Sfi  Clementis 
prsd'  prjeienti  eald'  tras  prjEfentavit  et  exhibuit,  ac   revcrentcr  palam  cum  variis 
inliantiis    pluries  fupplicavit,  ac  etiam  requifivit  eund'  quatenus   onus   hujufmodi 
Irarum  fuper  fe  affumeret,  et  juxta  tenoreni  earund'  cum  cffedu  ^cederet,  quibus  p^. 
iplum  magrum  Johem  fupradidt'  cum  ea  qua  decuit  reverentia  et  humilrtate  receptis- 
ac  fcriofe  perle^lis  (pteftabatur  publice  ct  ^mifit  fe  mandatis  apticis  in  Ileitis  et  ca- 
nonicis  femper  obedire  paratum,  aflerens  tamen  et  affirmans  fine  aliqua  fiftione  (ut 
dixit)  qd  exccutioni  trarum  aptlcarum  hujufmodi  p  tunc  vacare  non  poterat  propter 
magna  et  ardua  eccliam  cathedral'  Lincoln'  conccrnentia  quibus  ad  tunc  prsepeditus 
erat  et  multipliciter  occupatus,  et  fie  p  ilia  inftantia  magro  VVilto  Wiawby,  pro- 
curatori  lupradido,  donee  tempus  magis  congruun>  alias  fibi  vacaret,  notificavit,  et  fe 
publice  exculavit,  quam  etiam  excufationem  didto  priori  college  fue  notificari  voluit 
f:  prefentes  •,    fuper  quibus  igitur  prffidudtione,  pra?fentationc,  icceptione,  fupplica- 
tione,  requifitione,  et  excuiatione  tarn   mager  Jolies  Depyng   praed'  quam   inager 
Wiltus  Wrawbye,  procurator  anteditt',  requifivit  me  notarium  fuperdid'fibi  et  aliis 
quorum  intereft  fuper  hiis  conficere  publicum  inflrumentum  fivepublica  inftrumenta^ 
Ada  fuerunt  et  funt  hjec  prout  fupra  fcribuntur  et  recitantur  fub  anno,  indidione». 
pcnti'ficatu,  menfe,  die,  et  loco  predidtis,  prefentibus  difcretis  viris  magro  VVilto  Gull, 
iragro  in  artib',  ac  Johne  Smythe,  ctico  Ebor'  et  Lincoln' dioc',  teftibus  ad  premifla 
vocacis  fpecialiter  et  rogatis.    Et  egoRadus  Remynton,  cticus  Ebor'  et  Lincoln'  dioc' 
publicus  audoritate  aptica  notarius  priemifiis  produdioni,  prcefentationi,  reception!,, 
fupplicationi,  requifitioni,  et  excufationi  fupradidis  caterifque  aliis  et  fingulisdum  fie 
(ut  premittitur)  agebantur  et  ficbant  fub  anno,  indidione,  pontificatu,  menfe,  die,  et 
loco   predidis   una  cum  [)ra;nominatis  tellibus  prefens   perfonalitcr  intcrfui,  eaque 
omnia  et  fingula  fie  fieri  vidi  et  audivi,  feripfi,  publicavi,  etin  hanc  publicam  formam 
redegi,  fignoque  et  nomine  meo  folitis  et  confuetis  fignayi,  in  fidem  et  tertimonium 
omnium  pra-miflbrum  rogatus  et  requifitus.     Et  ego  Ricus  Pightefleye,  elicus  Lin- 
coln dioc'  audoritate  aptica   notarius  publicus,  &c.  z//  in  loco  fupra  jncmorato  ufqiie 
/zi  irrZii?  (teftimonium  omnium  pra^mifforum)  imiufive  \  foft  hcnc  verba  fequentia 
ibi  oniijja  hie  inferi  debeant,  rafuram  vero  iflarum  diiflionum  '  Alia  loca'  in  6i  linea  a< 
capite  hujus  inftrumenti  computand  :  approbo  ego  notarius  antedidus,  ac  etiam  con- 
fi.at  mihi  notario  de  interlincamentis  ifiarum  didionum  '  quos'  in  prima  linea  lecundie 
membranae,  et  ifius  didionis  '  matura'  lupra  55am  lineam  a  capite  fecundae   mem- 
branx' computandc),  quos  approbo  ego  notarius  antedidus  defeftus  meos  corrigendo. 
Habetur  in  archivis  academuz  in  publiea  forma  fub  Jigillo  prioris  et  conventus  BernC' 
zveUenfts.  Ex  Coll  MSS.  Hare. 

3  Eugenius- 


OF    BARNWELL     ABBEY. 


13 


Eugenius  epus,  fervus  fervorum  Dei,  &c.  in  futuram  rei  memoriam.    Dum  attentse 
confideratlonis  indagine  pfcrutamur  quod  per  literarum  (India   favente  cliarifmatum 
cunftorum  largitore  Diio  viri  crefcunt  fcientiis  eruditi,  divini  nomiiiis  fideique  catho- 
licae  cultus  protenditur,  omnibufqiie  profperitas  conditionis  adaugeatur  humans,  li- 
benter  non  folum  loca  quibus  hujufmodi  (ludia  vigent,illorumque  fuppofita  gratiis  et 
libertatibus   fulcirc    laragimus,  fed  etiam  ilia  qua  pro  ftudiorum  fubfiftentia  necnon 
eorum  et  lappofitoriirn  hujufmodi  favoribus  proinde  fadta  comperimus,  ut  illibata  per- 
fiftantcuma  nobis  petitur  aplicsconfirmationis  munimine  roboramus.   Dudum  llqui- 
dem  pro  parte  dileftorum  filiorum  magrorum,  dodtorum,  ec  fchoiarium  univerfuatis 
ftudii  Cantabrigis,  Elienf'dioc'  piae  memorise  Martino  Pap^  quinto  prcedeceffori  nro 
expofito  olim  foelicis  rccordacois  Honorius  Papa  primus  et  pr^edeceiTor  nofter  pro 
incremento  ec  in  favorera  dodorum  et  fchoiarium  qui  tunc  crant  et  pro  tempore 
forent  univerfuatis  hujufmodi  p  quafd'  tras  fub  dat'  Roms  apud  stum  Petrum   ab 
incarnat'  Diii  624  die  ymo  menf  Feb',  inter  cstera  dellriclius  inhibuerat  fub  pcena 
excomois,  quam  veniens  in  contrarium  incurreret  ipfo  faflo,  ne  quis  archiepus,  epus, 
archid'  aut  eorum  officiarii  in  aliquem  dodorum  et  fchoiarium  eorund'  fufpencois 
vel  excois  feu  interdifli  fententias  ferre,  aut  ipfos  vel  familiares  ipforum  moleftarc 
prsefumercnt,  fed  reftor  ipforum  doftor'  et  fcolar'  de  confilio  feniorum  et  faniorum 
cjufd' univerf  fecundum  eor' ftatuta,  charitate  femp  media,  corrigere  et  emendare 
fluderet  prout  ftudientium  faluti  magis  videretur  expedire,  ac  pia;  memorise  Sergius 
etiam  Papa  primus  fimiliter   prjedccefTor  fir  etiam  pro  incremento  et  in  favorem 
hujufmodi  p  alias  fuas  tras  fub  dat'ap'  Lateranum  anno  ab  incarnat'  hujuhnodi  699^ 
3tio  die  menf  Mail,  inter  aliadecreverat  quod  nullis  archiepo  vel  ejSo  licerct  univcr- 
fitatem  pr^edift'  aut  aliquem  doftorum  aut  fcholar'  eorund'  fufpendere  vel  excom- 
municare,  feu  quomodolibet  fub  interdifto  ponere  abfque  fummi  pontif  aflenfu  vel 
ejus  fpeciali  mandato,  quodque  fup  inhibitione  ac  decreti  necnon  Honorii  et  Scrgii 
pradeceiTorum    noftrorum    fuperinde    confecftis    tris    hujufmodi    qurcdam    ipfius 
univerf*  antiquo  ftatuta   communi   confenfu  et  deliberacoe  matura   magrorum  et 
doftorum  prsedidt'  ad  bonum  regimen  et  ftabilitatem  ejufdem  univerfitatis  ordinata 
fundabantur,  ipfarumque  inhibitionis  cc  decreti  et  literarum    vigore   cancellarius 
didae  univ*  pro  tempore  exiftens  qui  fub  cancellarii  denominacione  inibi  vicem 
reftoris  obtinuerat  et  tunc  obtinebat  omnimodam  fuper  corrigendis  puniendilque 
exceflibus  fuppofitorum  feu  perfonarum  ejufd'  univ*  ac  cognolcendis   et  decidend' 
caufis   et   negotiis  fuppofua   et   perfonas   hujufmodi   contingentib'  jurildidionem 
eccticam  et  fpiritualem  exercere  confueverat,  quodque  de  originalib'  didtorum  Ho- 
norii et  Sergii  prsedecefforum  liror'  tris  hujufmodi  ex  eo  quod  propter  diuturnitatem 
temporis,  cum  tunc  feptingenti  anni  et  ultra  ab  illarum  concelTionc  defluxerant,  aut 
exearum  cuftodum  negligcntia  aut  alias  cafualiter  dcperditae  vel  amiffae  fueruiu,  licet 
plurimas  ipfarum  copias  de  antiquiffimo  fcriptura  in  archivis  ejufd'  univ'  recondite 
extare  nolcerentur,  doceri  nequirec  iple  Martmus  prasdecefTor  p  luas  tras  dileflis  filiis 
priori  mon'  de  Bcrnewell  p  priorem  foliti  gubernan  dift'  dice'  ejus  proprio  nomine 
non  exprelfo,  et  J-tini  Depyng  canonico  Lincoln'  in  eadem  dioc'  refidenti;  cum 
claufula  (quod  fi  non    ambo    hiis  exequendis  polTent   intereffe  alter   ipforum  ea 
nichilominus  exequeret)  dedit  in  mandatis  ut  eis  fingular'  trarum  Honorii  et  Sergii  p-^x- 

E  2  dv.ceJctuta. 


^^  APPENDIXTO    THE    HISTORY 

decefibrnm  fingulis  c;^piis  hujufmodi  in  forma  publica  exhibitis,  fiet  poflquam  ipfis 
leoitin-.e  conthirct  magros,  doclores,  et  fcholares  qui  pro  tempore  tucrant,  ac  univ' 
pr:i-dnftam  in  pacifica  poficflione  vel  quafi  ulus  ecexercitia  ccctica  Ipiritualilque  jurif- 
diftionis,  ac  obfcrvacois,  inhibinor.is,  et  decreti  hujufmodi  a  tanto  tempore  fuifie  ct 
tfle  quod  memoria  in  contiarium  non  exiflerct,  cild'  magris,  dodorib' er  fcolarib'  ob- 
fervantiam  inhibitionis  et  decreti,  necnon  uium  et  excrcitiuiTj  jurili.  ;diio  is  erclicte 
ac  fpiritualis  hujufmodi  audtoritate  iua  approbarent  et  ctiam  confirm..rcnt  prout 
in  prtedicftis  ipfius  Martini  prxdecelibris  his  plenius  continetur.  Poflmudum  ficut 
cxhibita  nobis  nuper  pro  parte  magrorum,  doftor'  et  Icoiar'  pradift'  peutio  ccnti- 
nebat  ipfe  prior  (eodem  Johne  diftarum  trarum  prefati  Martini  proedeceflbris  exe- 
cutioni  intereile  nequente  feq'  fop  hoc  legitmie  excuiante)  quia  p  ipfarum  copi- 
arum  exhibitionem  necnon  alia  atta  actitata  et  dedudla  coram  eo  fibidiftos  magros, 
dodiores,  fcolares,  et  univerfitatem  a  Idpradicto  tempore  in  pclTeCrione  hujufmodi 
abfque  pturbatione,  moleflacione,  vel  inquifitione  archieporum,  eporum,  arcliid'  aut 
eorum  officialium  quorumlibct  fuiilc  et  elle  legitime  conllitit,  iplolque  archiepos, 
epos,  et  archid'  et  officiales  a  pretata  jurildittione  fe  totaliter  abflinuiire  reperit  ob- 
fervantiam  inhibitionis  et  decreti,  necnon  ufum  et  exerciiium  jurifdidionis  hujufmodi 
magris,  do<ft'  et  fcol'  pra^fatis,  vigore  didlarum  trarum  ejuld'  Martini  prsdeceflbris 
fententialiter  approbatis,  laudavic  et  ratificavit  pariter  et  confirmavit  prout  in. 
iris  autenticis  defuper  coiifeftis  latius  cognofcitur  contineri  :  quare  pro  parte 
difl'  magrorum,  do6l'  et  fcolar'  nobis  fuit  humiliter  luplicatum  ut  approbationi,, 
laudacoi,  ratificoi,  ct  conlirmacoi  prsdidt'  pro  illarum  lubfiftentia  firma  robur 
aportolicse  confirmationis  adjicere  de  benignitate  aplica  dignaremur.  Nos  itaque 
hujufmodi  fupplicationibus  inclinati  approbationem,  laudat',  ratificat',  et  confiimati- 
onem  prjedid:',  ac  qua^cuncjue  inde  lequura  rata  habentes  et  grata  ilia  aptica  auc- 
toritate  confirmamus,  et  prslentis  fcripti  patrocinio  communimus,  fupplentes  omncs 
defedus,  fi  qui  forfiian  intcrvenerint,  in  eild'.  Nulli  ergo  omniuo  homjni  liceat  banc 
paginam  iire  confirmationis,  communitionis,  et  lupletionis  infringere,  vel  ei  acceflu 
temerario  contraire  :  fi  quia  autem  hoc  attemptare  pra^lumpferit  indignationem  omni- 
poteniis  Dei  et  Beatorum  Petri  et  Pauli  apoftolorum  ejus  fe  noverit  incurfurum. 
Dat'  Roma:  apud  faniflum  Laurentium  in  Uamofo,  anno  incarnationis  dnics  i433> 
14  kalend'  Oftobris,  pontificatus  iiri  anno  tertio. 

From   Hare's  MS  CoUedions,  and  from  Mifcellan.   P.   C.  C.  C.  C.  de  rebus 
Can^abr'. 


1^" 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBE -y.  4| 

n;  XV. 

The  CDmpofition  between  the  Town  of  Cambridge  and  the  Prior 

of  Barnwell. 

TO  all  manner  people  to  whom  this  prefent  writing  fliall  come,  or  the  fame  fee, 
hear,  or  read.  Wee  Hugh  Chapman,  John  Purgold,  Williain  Barber,  and  William 
Nellbn,  fend  greeting  in  our  Lord  God  everlafting.  Whereas  great  variance,  difcord, 
and  controverfies  have  long  been  depending,  and  yet  in  variance  depend,  between 
the  prior  and  convent  of  the  houfe   of  Barnwell,  in  the  county  of  Cambridge,  of 
that  one  part,  and  the  mayor,  bayliffs,  and  burgelfts   of  the  town  of  Cambridge, 
of  that  other  part,  upon  the  right,  title,  claim,  and  pofiefTion  of  certain  fifhings, 
in   the  common   icream   that  goeth  and  runneth  from  and  againll   the   nuns'  lake 
unto  Ditton  j  and  alio  of  and  upon  all  manner  of  liberties  and  franchelTes  of  foldy 
commoning  and  feeding  of  (lieep  and  hearts  ;   and   of  and   upon  the  right,  title, 
intereft,  of  all   manner  of  tithes,  rents,  annuities,  or   annual   rents  -,  and    of   and 
upon  the  right,  title,  and  intereft  of  the  ferry  between  Cambridge  and  Cheflerton  ;. 
and   alfo   for  divers  quarrels,  fuits,  debates,    and   trefpades,  complaints,   and  de- 
mands   had,  moved,   or  depending   between  the  faid   parties ;  and  alfo  for  divers 
trefpafles  and   aftions  of  trefpafles  hanging  or  moved   between  the  faid  prior   and 
one  John   Bell,  burgcfs  of  the  faid   town  of  Cambridge ;  and  alfo  between  one 
John  Fofter  of  Ditton,  gent,  and   one  Thomas  Mathew   of  Cambridge,    burgefs  ; 
and  by  reafon  and  occafiun  of  the  premilfes  cither  of  the  faid  parties  have  been  put 
to  great  trouble,  vexation,  coils,  and  charges :  tor  the  reformation  and  utter  deter- 
mination of  the  fame,  in  ending  many  great  inconveniencies  which  might  hereafter 
fall,  the  faid   parties  have  alfentcd,  agreed,   cholen,  and   named  us  the  faid  Hu^h 
Chapman,  John  Purgold,  William  Baker,  and  William- Nclfon,  indifferently  ro  hear 
and  examine  the  premilTes,  and  all  the  circumftances  of  the  iame,  and  then  to  make 
final   determination  thereof  between   the  laid  parties,  according  to  right  and   good 
confcitnce,  and  thereupon  either  of  the  faid  parties  by   their  common  affents  have 
bound  themfeives  to  other  by  their  feveral  deeds  obligate,  fealcd  with  their  common 
feals,  to  obey   and   perform   the  award,  ordinance,  and   judgment   of  us  the  faid 
Hugh    Chapman,    John    Purgold,    Wm.    Barber,    and   Wm,    Ntlfon    arbitrators, 
indiflerently  cholen  between  the  faid  parties,  to  award,  ordain,  and  deem,  of  and 
upon    the  premifrcs,   lo  that   our    award,  judgment,  and  ordinance   be    made,    and 
given  in  writing,  and  delivered  to  the  faid  parties,  under  our  fcals,  before  a  certain' 
day  id  the  indorlc.  ent  of  the  laid  obligations  contained  and  fpccified,  as  m  the  laid 
indorfemcnt  more  pl.iinly  app'-areth.      Thereupon,  we,  the  laid  Hugh   Chapman,. 
John  Purgold,   Wm.   liarber,  and  Wm.   Ncifoi),  arbitrators  aiorelaid,  have   called- 
before  us  the  faid  parties,  and  ripely  heard  and  examined  the  dcoiands,  anlvvers„ 

replicatioui 


46  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 

replications,  and  rejoynes,  of  both  the  faid  parties,  with  all  due  circumflancea 
thereto  belonging,  in  divers  and  fundry  times  and  places  v  and  now  we  the  laid 
arbitrators,  the  zid  day  of  January,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  God  1505,  after  a 
diligent  examination  of  the  premifes,  and  the  circumdance  of  the  lame,  and  the 
titles,  allegances  of  either  of  the  fame  parties  by  us  clearly  underftood,  by  good 
and  great  deliberation,  and  fpecial  defire  of  either  of  the  laid  parties,  award, 
ordain,  and  deem  between  the  faid  parties,  alonely  of  and  ypon  all  articles  com- 
prifed  in  the  mdorfement  of  the  faid  obligation,  in  manner  and  form  following  : 

Imprimis,  where  the  faid  mayor,  bailiffs,  and  burgefies  complain  that  the  prior 
and  convent  of  the  houfe  of  Barnwell  aforefaid  intend  to  ufe  and  occupy,  and 
dayly  uleth  the  liberty  of  fifhing  in  the  common  ftream  that  runneth  from  againft 
the  nuns'  lake  unto  I)itton,  feverally  to  themfelves,  and  to  their  own  proper  ufe, 
diredtly  againft  the  pnviledges  granted  to  the  faid  mayor,  bailiffs,  and  burgefies  of 
the  faid  town  of  Cambridge :  we  award,  ordain,  and  deem  that  the  faid  mayor, 
bailiffs,  and  burgcffes,  and  their  fucceflbrs,  fhall  peaceably  occupy  and  injoy  the 
liberty  of  fifhing  and  fouling  in  the  faid  common  llream  that  runneth  from  Nuns 
Lake  unto  tiie  Hone  wall  of  the  weft-part  of  the  faid  houfe  of  Barnwell,  feverally 
to  then.fclvcs  and  their  lucceffors  for  ever,  without  any  interruption  of  the  faid 
prior  or  his  fucceffors,  or  of  any  other  perfon  or  perfons  whatfoever  in  their 
name  :  Alio,  we  award,  ordain,  and  judge,  that  the  prior  and  convent  of  the  houfe 
of  Barnwell,  and  their  fucceffors  for  evermore,  fhall  have  and  take  to  them  and 
their  fucceffors  for  evermore,  all  the  liberty  of  fifhing  and  fouling  in  the  whole 
pooie,  called  Barnwell-poole,  which  runneth  diredlly  right  againft  the  faid  houfe 
between  the  v/eft  wall  and  the  eaft  wall  of  the  laid  houfe,  and  the  liberty  of 
filhing  and  fouling  from  the  Old  Fery  at  Chefterton,  which  was  now  of  late 
againit  Branlies  door  unto  Ditton  lake,  without  interruption  of  the  faid  mayor, 
bailiffs,  and  burgeffes,  and  their  fucceffors,  or  any  other  perfon  or  perfons  in  their 
names.  Alfo,  we  award,  decree,  and  ordain,  that  as  touching  the  liberty  of  fifli- 
incr  in  the  water  that  runneth  from  the  eaft  wall  of  Barnwell  unto  the  forefaid  Old 
Ferry,  the  faid  prior  and  convent,  and  their  fucceffors,  the  mayor,  bailiffs,  and 
aldermen,  and  fuch  perfons  as  have  been  mayor  in  the  faid  town,  and  their 
fucceffors  for  the  time  being,  with  fuch  perfons  as  it  fliall  pleafc  them  to  call 
unto  them,  fhall  be  inter  commons  for  ever,  to  filh  with  lawful  nets  at  their 
pleafure,  provided  alway  that  there  fhall  no  other  burgefs,  nor  commoner  of  the 
faid  town,  fifh  in  the  faid  middle  part  of  the  river  that  runneth  from  the  faid  eaft 
wall  unto  the  Old  Ferry,  with  no  manner  of  nett,  nor  other  engine,  nor  lay  no 
hives  in  the  fame,  except  it  be  with  a  hoope  nett  or  angle.  Item,  where  the  faid 
mayor,  bayliffs,  and  burgeffes  make  title  and  claim  to  the  moiety  of  the  Ferry 
between  Chefterton  and  Cambridge,  and  likewiie  the  prior  and  convent  of  the 
faid  houfe  of  Barnwell  make  claim  and  title  to  the  fame  :  alfo,  where  the  faid 
prior  and  convent  a(k  and  claim  of  the  faid  mayor,  bailiffs,  and  burgeffes,  out  of 
the  chamber  oi  the  faid  town,  a  certain  annual  rent  of  ten  pounds  by  the  year,  and 
certain  tuhes  by  jofcment  of  eftuall,  for  the  time  of  Stourbridge-fair,  and  for  three 

or 


O  F    B  A  R  N  W  E  L  L    A  B  B  E  Y.  47 

or  four  acres  of  ground  that  lieth  void  in  paradole,  where  the  Daddry  ftaiuleth, 
which  was  wont  to  be  eared  and  fowcn,  we  the  faid  arbitrators  award,  ordain,  and 
decree,  that  the  faid  prior  and  convent,  and  their  fucccffors,  (liall  Iiold  and  occupy 
feverally  to  themfelves  ihe  faid  ferry,  for  ever,  without  any  interruption  of  the  faid 
mayor,  bailiffs,  and  burgeffes,  fo  that  the  faid  burgeffes  fliall  have  their  free 
palfage  as  they  have  had  in  times  pafl  of  old  cuftom,  and  for  the  reco  ..;,  ife  of  the 
lame,  we  award,  ordain,  and  decree  that  the  faid  mayor,  bailiffs,  and  burgeffes,  fiiall 
have  and  hold  to  them,  and  their  fucceffors,  of  the  faid  prior  and  convent  for  ever,  the 
liberty  and  privilege  of  Midfuraraer-fair,  and  by  the  year  to  the  faid  prior  and  con- 
vent, and  to  their  fucceffors  of  the  faid  prior  and  convent  for  ever  the  liberty  and 
priviledge  of  Midfummer-fair,  paying  yearly,  and  by  the  year,  to  the  faid  prior 
and  convent,  and  their  fucceffors,  or  certain  attorney,  at  the  end  of  the  fair,  four 
marks  of  good  and  lawful  money  of  England,  for  full  contentation  of  the 
liberty  of  the  faid  Midfummer-fair,  by  year,  and  alfo  for  full  recompence  of  the 
faid  annuity  and  tithings  that  the  faid  prior  claimeth  yearly,  as  above  is  rchearfed  : 
Provided  always,  that  the  faid  mayor  and  bailiffs  for  the  time  being,  at  the  time 
©f  the  faid  Midfummer-fair,  fliall  make  recognition  after  the  old  cuflom,  as  in 
making  of  their  proclamation,  or  otherwife,  that  they  hold  the  faid  N.  B.  it  is  not 
fair  of  forefaid  prior  and  convent,  after  the  manner  above-written.  '^^'^. '°  ^^^  ^^'^' 
Item,  where  the  faid  mayor,  bailiffs,  and  burgeffes  complain  that  the  pnorandcon- 
faid  prior  claimeth  and  occupieth  inter  common  between  more  barns  ^"^^'■■ 
and  Cambridge,  and  wrongfully  furchargcth  the  common  in  divers  other  parts  about 
Cambridge  againft  all  right  and  good  confcience,  we  award,  ordain,  and  judge 
that  the  faid  prior  and  his  tenants  (hall  have,  occupy  and  injoy  inter  common  with 
the  bounds  of  Cambridge  and  Barnwell,  as  he  hath  done  in  times  paft,  after  the 
tenure  of  his  land,  and  when  all  other  inter-commons  be  feffed  and  ffinted  after 
the  tenure  of  land,  he  and  his  tenants  in  likewife  to  be  flinted  and  feffed  with  them. 
Item,  when  the  faid  mayor,  bailiffs,  and  burgeffes  pretend  certaine  injuries  done  tO' 
them  by  the  laid  prior  and  his  predcceffors  by  reafon  of  their  furcharging  of  their 
common,  and  taking  away  of  their  netts  in  the  faid  water,  and  wrongfull  amer- 
ciaments in  his  court  at  Chefterton,  and  by  many  other  m-eans,  and  in  likewife 
where  the  faid  prior  complaineth  that  the  faid  mayor,  bailiffs,  and  burgeffes  hath 
many  times  and  often  wronged  and  ireipaffed  againfl  him  by  the  pining  of  cattle, 
and  his  tenants  amercing  of  him  and  theai  in  court  at  Cambridge,  and  indiclmg 
of  his  tenants  and  fervants  againft  right  and  good  confcience  :  We  award,  decree, 
and  judge  that  the  faid  mayor,  bailiffs,  and  burgeffes  Ihali  remit  and  forgive  all 
manner  of  variances,  contrivarfes,  debases,  and  trefpafles,  had  or  done  to  them  the 
faid  prior  and  his  tenants,  from  the  bi.gnia!i)g  of  the  world  untill  the  day  of  the 
date  of  thefe  prefents,  and  withdraw  ail  manner  of  fuits  or  pleas  by  them  nv  ved 
or  depending  againit  the  faid  prior  and  his  fervants,  or  tenants,  at  their  fuic  ;inJ 
promotion,  and  difcharge  the  faid  prior  and  his  tenints,  and  fervants  from  ad 
manner  of  amerciaments  and  indi(flments  by  the  occalion  of  the  premifes  in  the 
court  of  the  faid  mayor,  bailiffs,  and  burgeffes,  or  in  any  other  courr,  at  iheii 

proper 


48  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 

proper  cods  and  charges.  And  in  like  manner  we  award  and  iudge  that  the  fald 
prior  (liall  reniift  and  forgive  all  manner  of  variances,  conrroverfies,  debates, 
debts,  and  trelp.iffcs,  had  and  done  againfi:  him  and  his  predeceflTors,  by  the  faid 
mayor,  bailiffs,  anJ  burgeffes  from  the  beginning  of  the  world  untill  this  day,  and 
withdraw  all  m.mner  of  fuits  or  pleas  moved,  depending,  or  hanging  againfl:  the 
faid  mayor,  bailitfs,  and  bnrgeffes,  in  any  court  at  his  fuir,  and  difcharge  the  faid 
ma",  or,  bailiffs,  and  biirgeiTes,  from  all  man  er  of  amerciaments  done  in  his  court 
af  ChcflenoR,  by  reafon  of  the  premifes  at  his  own  cofts  and  charges.  Alfo 
vihere  there  was  matter  of  variance  between  John  Bell,  late  mayor  of  Cambridge, 
and  the  faid  prior,  *or  taking  away  and  with-holding  the  net  of  the  faid  John  Bell, 
and  fifhing  in  the  faid  river,  and  for  ftriking  each  of  them  othe,  and  alfo  be- 
tween John  Forlter,  gent,  of  Ditton.and  his  fervants  of  the  one  part,  and  Thomas 
M:vhew,  of  Cambridge  burgefs,  of  the  other  part,  by  the  occation  of  fifhing  in 
the  laid  river  ;  We  award  and  judge,  that  the  faid  John  Bel!  and  Thomas  Mathew 
for  their  part,  fliall  remit  and  forgive  all  manner  of  variances  and  trefpafTes  done 
to  them  by  the  faid  prior  and  his  fervants,  John  Forfler  and  his  fervants,  and  with- 
draw all  manner  of  inflruments,  aiftions  of  trefpaflfes,  that  they,  or  any  of  them, 
have  moved,  ftirred,  or  attempted  in  any  court  againfl:  the  faid  prior,  his  fer- 
vants, John  Forller  and  his  fervants,  at  their  own  proper  cofts  and  charges.  And 
in  likewife  the  faid  prior  and  John  Forfter  (hall  forgive  and  releafe  all  manner  of 
injuryes  and  trefpafTes  committed  againft  them,  or  each  of  them,  by  the  faid  John 
Bell  and  Thomas  Mathew.  Alfo  we  award  and  ordain  that  for  the  more  furety  and 
fafety  to  be  given  to  the  premifes,  either  of  the  faid  parties  above-written,  to  our 
lawde  and  judgment  in  this  prefent  writing  indented  fpecified  interchangeably, 
fhall  put  their  common  feals  athis  fide  of  the  feaft  of  Eafter  next  to  come  under 
the  pain  contained  in  the  faid  writing  obligatory.  Into  witnefs  whereof,  we  the 
faid  arbitrators  to  either  part  of  this  writing  indented,  whereof  that  one  part  (hall 
remain  with  the  faid  prior  and  convent,  that  other  part  with  the  faid  mayor,  bailiffs, 
and  burgefles,  have  put  their  feale,  the  forefaid  twenty- fecond  day  of  January, 
and  in  the  year  aforefaid. 

From  the  book  commonly  called,  The  Crofs  Book  of  the  Town  of  Cambridge. 


NO 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY. 


49 


N»  XVL 


In  Com'  Cantebr'  de  vifu  franci  plegii. 


In  hundredo  de  Eringford. 


Gllden 
Mordon, 


Tadlow, 
Pinnecote, 
Hattel, 
Cloptone, 

Craudene,  \ 

Wendey, 

WaddoneJ 
KiieefwrthJ 
In 

Stowe, 

Hattele, 


Croxton,  j  ^^ 

Eltene,  De 
Brunne,        De 

fDe 
CaldecoteJ  De 

[De 


De  Wmo  Pikard,  2s. 
De  Joftne  de  Beche,  2S. 
De  feodo  Rob'ti  Beche,  2S. 
De  Ro^to  Bancis,  2?. 
De  Walto  de  Yfelhm,  2s. 
De  Wil'mo  deWythenhnij  2S. 
De  Fulco  fil.  War.  f  m. 
De  Priore  deChickefant,  sod. 
De  Walto  de  Ho,  izd. 
De  Ric'  de  Andevill,  2s. 
De  Rob'to  Lolleman,  2s. 
De  Colino  de  Feughs,  2s. 
De  Rad'  fil.  Fulcon, 
De  Hug'  Giffard, 
De  Wm.  Engayne,         >t  ni. 
De  Johe  fil.  Henr. 
De  Alic'  launz  Manch.  - 
De  Calf  de   Scalar.  2s. 
De  Stepho  Turpin,  2s 
De  Rad'  de  Dunton, 
De  particip'  fuis. 

hundredo  de  Stowe, 


Kingflon, 

Tokes, 

Eveifdon, 


Burwell, 
Lanwade, 
Sneylewell, 
Wykes, 

Fordhm, 

Ifellim,      < 


De  Galfr'  de  Bands-,  f  m. 
De  Gerardo  de  Toftes,  2s. 
De  Elena  de  Beche,  5s. 

In  hundredo  de  Stapelho. 

e  Rad'  de  Cameys,  2s. 


fDe 

iDeRad'  fil.  Rob'd,  izd. 


s. 


} 


2S. 


5s- 


Baldwyno  de  Stowe,  T 
Wmo  de  Stowe,       J 
Symon  Camar'  2s. 
Wmo  Sto  George,."! 
&  homage  >  I2d 

GilBo  del  Sap'        J 
Rad'  Saunzaver       \ 
Phito  de  Columbers  J 
Baldwyno  de  Frevill,  5s. 
Alano  de  Turri,  i2d. 
Jotine  de  Caldecote,  is. 
Elena  de  Beche,  2s. 
Galfrido  de  Toftes,  zs. 


m. 


De  RoBto  de  Maftings,  ^s. 
J  De  Jotine  de  Wall,        1 
tOeWalt'deCapellis,    J" 
De  Wynero  de  Thorington, 

3S. 

DeEdmdo  de  Kemellcet,  |  m. 
De  Walto  deDunftanvill,  \m. 
De  homag'  ab15s  de  Salopef- 
[     bury,  4s. 
Badlingham,  De  Ebordo  dc  Franceys,  2s. 

In  hundredo  de  Stans. 

Swaffham,    De  Hug'  de  Crauden,  2s. 

o     cru       fDe  Comit'  de  Oxon,  2s. 
Swarinam,^  i-t    t-l      »  j    r.  1 

(^  De  1  horn  de  Burgo,  4od. 

Bodekefham,De  Comit' Richardo,  |  m. 

Stowe,  De  Wmo  Engayne,  2s. 

wiu     u         fDe  Will'  Fallemach,  "I 
W  ilburham.  < -p.„  n;,     •      ^  MS. 

[De  Martino  Carmar,  J  ^ 

Alia  Wil-       f  De  Rad  fil.  Fulcon,  izd. 

burnham.  {_De  ten' W'mi  Pikef,  i2d. 

In  hundredo  de  Radefeld  extraneis.   ' 

Oxcroft,  De  Plio  BafTet,  i2d. 

Wrattinge,       De  Jacobo  de  Frivill,  2od. 
Karleton,  De  priore  de  Lewes,  5s. 

Brinkele,  De  Wmo'  Moyun,  as. 

Burgo,  De  Tho.  de  Burg,  4od. 

Dullingham  tenentes  terra m  ^-j). — i2d. 
Sneylewell,  De  Hen.  fil.  Will.  i2d. 
Parva  Karleton,  De  Wmo'  deKirketon,i2d. 
F  In 


5° 


APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 


In  hundrcdo  de  Chevele. 


Dirton,  De  Rob''to  de  Valeynes,  2S. 

Saxron,  De  Hen.  dcBello  Campo,4S. 

Silverle,  De  Rog'o  Arfik,  3s. 

A  lie,  De  Rob'o  de  Gynes,  3  s. 

In  hundredo  de  Chilford. 

Sudecampes,  DeSarra  de  Knapwell,  4s. 
Enhale,         De  Baldwyn  de  Royfe,  2S. 
Wykham,     De  Wmo  Ruffdi,  4s. 
Horfea,.        De  Watto  de  Capell,  2s. 
^,      ,.  fDe  Alex' de  Scalar',      "1  ^^ 

P'va  Abiton,    De  liug^  de  Vallibus,  4s. 
fDe  Galf.  de  Scalar',  2s. 
'  [De  feodo  Buftardi,  2s. 
Fampefwrth,  De  Rad  de  Bancis,  2S. 


Badburham, 


Sauflon 


Sepere, 


In  hundredo  de  Wittlesford. 

f  De  Rac!  Picot,  f  m- 
'     |_De  tent.  feod.  Grefteyn,  f  m- 

In  hundredo  de  flendijh. 

{De  Johne  fil.  Hen.  4s.  viz.  2s. 
pro  Hinton,  et  2s.  pro  Wib- 
biirnham  et  Kneefwrth. 
Feverfham^    De  W'mo  de  Warbeltcn,  4s. 
Fulburn,        DeNich'GdeBelloCampo.as. 

In  hundredo  de  Northjlo'we.- 

Stanton,       De  Hen.  de  Nafford,  2s. 

Alia  Scant.  De  Pfeo  de  Stanton,  ;  m» 

Hokitone,    De  ten.  feod.  Petit,  i2d. 

,       ]L     1        fl>e  Elena  de  Bcche,  1 
l.andbeche,  {^^   „         ,    „        '  m  m^ 
'    |_De  Hug.  de  iSray,    j 

In  hundredo  de  Cejiertone,. 

Childerle,    De  Hen.  de  Childerle,  23. 
liyllonj       De  abbe  de  Eynelham,  ics. 


In  hundredo  de  Papezvrthe. 

Pappewrth,        De  Johe  Beche,  5s. 
Alia  Pappewrth,  De  Rob'to  Bclmes,  2S, 

^      .  f  De  Rob'to  de  Coniton,  2s. 

Comiton,  •<  T>    D  1  1    '  iji 

}_De  Baldw  Blangernum,  2S. 

Bokeiwrth,  De  W'mo  fil.  Hen.  5s. 

Jn  hundredo  de  Werle. 
Malketon,    De  Nich'  de  Vavafur,  2  s. 

fDe  Hug.  Grandin,4s.  "(^temp,^ 

\  De  Rad  fil.  Fulcon,  3s.  J  H.  11. 

Harleton,      DeRog'o  de  Huntingfield,  4s. 

("De    Godefrid    de    Crau- 

Hafelingfeld,  |      cumbe,  5s. 

(^  De  Rob'to  de  Schalar,  4s. 
De  W'mo  de  Thorileya,  2S. 
De  Rob'to  deChatlillun,  i2d^ 
De  W'mo  de  Dive,  I2d. 
DeGilb'  Picot,  i2d. 
DeGilb'fil.  W'mi  i2d. 
De  Alano  de  Berton,  i2d. 
De  Dec.  Hen.  Torchencfe,  23» 
De  Dec.  W'mi  Babel,  2s. 
Cumber-    f  De  Joh'ne  de  Cottenham,  2S» 

ton,       \  De  ten.  Tho'  de  Waddon,  2S. 
Granfete,      DeDeG.Ebor'deNevvnhara,2S» 
f  De  Ida  de  Beche,  i  m. 
I  De  Hen.  de  Childerle,  2s. 

Wynepol,    °f  ^1Tp'  C.^^^'^^"'  '^^- 
1     r       j  Alex   de  Bancis,  izd. 

/De  W'mo  le  Franceys,  i2d. 

I  De  Dec.  Walt'  Daiware,  2s. 


Berton, 


/TN        II      r  De  Fetronilla  de  Orevvel  ,1 
Orevvell,    <  r^    „         ,    ,-^        ,,         MS^ 
'     I^De  Hen.  de  Orevvell,        J  ^ 

///  hundredo  de  Trippelam. 
Trumpiton,  |  ^'^  ten'  tram  Joliis  de  Cayly,, 


2S. 

Seldeford,  Ifabella  de  Schalar  J 


m. 


Hardleflon,   {  De  Wait'o  Clement,  2s. 

^De  ten  leoJo  Gcrnyun,  2s.. 


hi 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY.  ^i 

III  CoinW  Cantab\ 

De  auxllio  vicecomitis  d€  hundredo  de  Papwcrth  113     6| 

North  ftowe  o   19    10^ 

Chefterton  i      2     o 

Stowe  I    15     6 

Erming  Ford  120 

Triplavve  230 

Et  pro  fefta  abbatiff'  de  Chateriz  050 

Et  pro  quarterio  trument'  deaux'  vie' 

Wetherby  1    13      8 

Preter  de  Johanna  Somery  in  Haflingfeld  050 

Cliilford  o   15     9 

Whitlesford  o   13     o 

Radeford  i      5     6 

Cheveley  o    13     o 

Stapelhow  068 

Stane  013     6 

Flemdifh  074 

la  hundredis  dlverfis  habult  prior  de  B.  terras  et  ten',  tenentes,  et  rcdiiitus,  fer\  icia 
et  homag',  confuetudines  et  villanos ;  fed  quia  miniftri  vie'  frequenter  faciunt  dilL  c- 
tiones  voluntarias  et  injuftas,  quofdam  indebite  diftringentes,  et  aliquibu'-  qui  juIle 
eflent  diftringendi  parcentes,  ne  de  cetero  prior  vel  tenentes  fui  per  hujufmodi  dif- 
tri(5tiones  injufte  gravenier  pro  fedtis  com'  vel  hundred),  auxilio  vie'  et  warpenes,  in 
hoc  opufculo  fuit  utile  fcribere  nomina  hundredorum,  tenencium,  et  tenemcntorum, 
quje  hujufmodi  fervicia  debent  facere,  et  ab  antiquo  facere  confueverunt.  Ncc 
oportebit  de  cetero  f}:>pter  hujufmodi  diftrifliones  ire  ad  caflrum  ad  videndum  ro- 
tulum  vicecomit':  fed  potius  videant,  et  doceantur  p  librum  iftum. 

,       Annotatio  feodorum  Comit'  Cantebrig'  et  hundred'  aux'  vie'  fe<5t'  et  warpenes. 

Hundred  de  Papwrthe. 

Travel       f  Walt'  fili  Rob'ti  dz  i  fedam  et  idem  et  pticipes  fui  debent  de  aux.  vie 
'      \      23.  et  eil  ibi  i  hyd'geld. 

{Hen.  le  Quefque  dz  i  fe<fl:.  et  de  aux.  vie  2S.  lad.  pro  fed',  et  efl:  ibi 
hyd.  geld. 
Rob'tus  Hi.  Eborardi  dz  i  fed.  quam  cancellavit,  de  aux.  vie  iZ.  ob. 
Fief  Tthe  I  ^''''^''"s  de  Grava  dz  1  fed.  et  de  aux.  vie  I2d.  ibidem. 
'  j_Rad  de  Crellenton  dz  i  fed.  et  de  aux.  vie  i2d. 

iPetrus  de  Beche  tenz  feod.  i  militis  de  Com.  Oxon.  de  honore  Rich* 
non  dz  fedam  ;  de  aux.  vii;  4s.  et  funt  ibi  quinque  hyde  geld'  el 
debent  pontagium. 
Paonewrthe    f^^^'^  '^^  Bemmes    tenz  feod  di'  milit.  de  feodo  Luvitor,  et  debet 
Aon'     '  1      fs'^^ni  ^d  Com'  Hunt'  de  aux.  vie,  4s.  de  quibus  reddit  is.  in  Com' 
°  ^     Hunt'  et  funt  ibidem  7  virgatJe  terrx  geld'  et  debet  pontagium. 

N.  B.  dz  fignifies  deht  or  debent,  and  tenz  tenet  or  ienent. 

F  2  Conitone, 


52 


APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 


Conltone, 


■Rob't  de  Coniton  tenz  duas  ptes  feod.  uniiis  milif.  de  feodo  Hardwyn  de 
Scalar' et  dz  i  fed' et  dc  aux'   vie'  4s.  Ibidem.   Baldwyn  Blangiun 
tenz  quintam  partem  feod'imilic'  de  feod'Pycot,  et  funt  ibi  tres  hyd. 
et  I  virgat'  terra?  geld'  et  dz  pontagium. 
Et  memorandum  quod   feod'  qd  fuit  Agn'  le  Rope  folet  reddere  de  man'  de- 
Stanton    in  Com'  Cantab'  de  aux'  vie'  4s.  et  de  vvarpenes  zs.  et   modo   quieta  fi , 
per  cartam  dni  regis. 

f  Alans  de  Fuges  tenet  tram  ptem'feod'  i  mil'  de  epo  Eli,  et  dz  i  fedtam, 
et  de  aux'  vie'  4s.  Ibdem  i  hyd  de  pontag'.  Ibdem  Johs  de  Cur'  dz  1 
fedam  et  de  aux'  vie'  25. 

Feodo  Wydon  de  eur'  dz  i  fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'  2s.     Alau's  la  Zuche 
tz  mann'  de  Hon'  Rich.     IBdem  herdes  abbis  de  Neuvill  tz  i  hyd' 
trre  geld  et  dz  fed'  et  pent'  dC:  hon'.  Rich'  per  focag'  Tota  villa  dz  . 
de  aux'  vie'  2  m. 

fil  Oliva;  Rob'  Ot.  Reg'  f.  Carpent  debent  i  fed'  de  feodo , 
li  epi. 
Fcndrayton,         Rob'  Bollard  dz  i  feft'  tz  i  hyd^  trs  de  ab'Be  de  Ramefeye. 

■Ws  fil'  Hen'  tz  feod.  i  mil'  et  dirii  de  feodo  de  Scalar'  et  dz  i  fed'' 


Overe, 


Swaveflie, 


Wyvelingham 


■  f'lho' 
'  \     Kli 


Bokefwatton. 


de  aux'  vie'  ids,  ec  tz  4  hyd'  et 


geld. 


et  dz  pontag'.  Ibdem  W's- 


de  Hobreg.  tzibidm  Conington,  Hatele,  et  Craudn  feod.  i  mil'  et 
de  dno  rege  in  eapite,  et  dz  1  k£C  quam  Lucas  fil'  Galf  fac'pro  eo, 
et  tz  3  hyd'  et  l.g^eld'  redd.aux' vie'  in  Waterbeehe. 


I 
i 


In  hundredo  de  Northjiowe,. 

J' Henry  de  Nafford  tz  feed,  f  mil'  de  Rad'  de  thorn  et  dz  i  fed'  et  de 
aux'  vie'  3s.  et  tz  2  hyd'  et  f  geld'  et  dz  pont. — Ibm  Willielmus  de 
Chedwey  tz  feod.  4  m.  DeBar'  Wifcardi  Leydit  et  dz  left'  et  de  aux' 
Stanton,  J  vie'  39.  et  tz  2  hyd'  geld. — Ibidem  Phils  de  Stanton  tz  feod' 
1  mil'  de  Bar  Hamon  perche  de  Hon'  Rich'  et  dz  i  fed'  quam  Jolis  = 
fils  Symon  fac  pro  eo,  et  dz  aux'  vie'  cum  Lollewrche  3s.  et  tz  2  j- 
,      hyd'  geld. 

/-Eborard  de  Trumpiton  tz  feod.  i  mil'  cum  tra  Johs  Crexi  in   Calde-. 
cote  de  feodo  Pcvercl,  etdz  i  fed'  et  infra  annum  et  dimid'  de  warda 
Gretton,   <       caft'  ^  m. — Ibidem  tz  feod.  i  mil'  de  feodo  de  Mortun  cum  tra   de 
Berton  et  de  Newnham  et  de  Cantab'     Ibidem  Galf  fil', Galf  dz  i 
V»     fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'  j\.\d. 
I  Phir  de  Stanton  tz  feod.  i  mil'de  feodo  epi  Eli.  Ibidem    tenet  feod.. 
Lollewrthe.  i      i  mil'  de  hon'  de  Peverel  de  Hamon  Pcche,  et  funt  ibidem  2  hyd' 

[      geld'  et  dz  pont'  et  de  warda  caft'  infra  ann'  et  t — t  "''• 
J      .  J  Phil'  de  Infula  tz  feodi  i  mil'  de  epo  Elienf. — Ibidem  Alex'  de  Im= 

nipstonc,^^     pitone  tz  feod.  i  mil'  deepo  Eli, ct  dz  i  fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'  3s. . 

Landbechcj 


OF     BARNWELL    ABBEY. 


53 


Eandbeche, 


Rob'  de  Beche  tz  feod.  i  mil'  de  Par  Hamon,  et  dz  aux'  vie'  4';.. 

et  tz  5  JTyd'  trffi  geld'. — Ibidem  Hugo  de  Bracy   tz  feod.  i  mil' 

dc  feodo  epi  Eli,  et  reddit  in  ann  et  f  de  warda  caft'  -J-  m.  fcitz  de 

feodo  Rob'ti  dc  Bcclie,  et  dz  pontag. 

Ram  >  fRob'de  Inlula   tz   feod.  i   mil' de  feodo  epi  Eli,  et  dz  i  fed' quam. 

P         '    \     Walt'  Fieman   facie  pro  eo. 

'Job's  de  Granfete  et  participes  Ibi   tenent  2  ptes  feodi  i  mil'  de  feodo 

Pevercl  in  Brone  de  Rcb'to  de  Uoi'  et  ibi  Jem  Johes  dz  i  feet'  et  de  aux' 

vie'  i8d,  et  de  warda  calf  Infra  ann  et  5  4s.  2td.  et  tz  i.^  hyd'  geld' 

Hokitone,  J      et  dz  pont. — Ibidem  Rob'  de  inlula  tz  -^  hyd'  geld',  et  in  Weftvvic  2 

hyd'  gtld'  et  defendit  2  pees  feod.  1  mil'  de  hon'  Rich, — Ibidem  Rob'' 

Clivard  tz  i^hyd'  non  geld'pro  quarta  parte  fervic'imirdeCom'Hunt' 

Ibidem  Hugo  de  Burdeley,  et  Rog'Giffard  tenent  ^  feod.  1  mil'de  Com' 

Hunt'  ivbbas  Crouland  dz  i  fed'  et  tz  t  viHam  per  totum  in  lib'  elemos, 

r  Hugo  deBurdeley  dz  i  fedt'  et  tz  in.Maddingcle,  Rampton,  et  Cottti3n> 

'  \      feod.  I  m.  de  Gilb'  Pcche  de  feodo  epi  Eli. 

«,,•  11-,  JGodefrid'  de  Craucumbe  rz  feod.  1  mil'  de  Jollne  de  Beche  de  feodo 

miaaiiton,     |      ^-..  j,j._  p^^,  ^^,  ^.^^^,  ^^^  ^  j.^^,  ^^^  ^^^^^  ^^.^ 

Weft    ■      /Richard  Belebuche  tz  ^  feod.  i  mil'  de  epo  Eli,  et  dz  i  fed'  et  de  aus' 
j_      vie'  2S. 

r  Templar'  tenent  i  ejufd'm  villse  in  liberam  elemof.  de  Eli. — Rich' de 
Waterbeche,  ^      Butal'  tz  feodo  t  mil'  de  feodo  W'mi  Hobrig  de  Bokefwrth,  et  red' 
*•     aux'  vie'  cum  Bokefwrthe,  et  tz  i  hyd'  geld'. 

]n  Hundredo  de  Chejlerton. 

Rob'  de  Ocle  tz  feod.  i,  mil'  de  Comit'  Hunt' — Ibem  Joh's  de  ChilderJe- 


Maddingele 


••{ 


Ghilderle 


Hyllon, 


Gotenham, 


Weflwic, 


Drayton 


tz  feodo  i  mil'de  epo  Lincoln,  et  dz  i  fed'  et  de  aux' vie'  2s.  et  ts-es 
iunt  hyd'  geld  ibidm,  et  debet  pont'. 
'Hen'  de  Colevile  tz  feod.  2  mil'  de  epo  Lincoln. — Ibidem  de  feodo 
abbatis  de  Eynefham  dz  i  fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'  8s.  et  funt  ibide  feodo 
ejulclem  abbatis  15  hyd'  geld,  et  tz  in  focag  de  epo  Linccln,  ec 
debet  pontag'. 

Rol)'t  de  inlula  tz  de  epo  Eli  tertiam  jitem  villa;  in  focag' — Ibidem- 
Johannes  de  Cotcnham  tz  feod.   i   mil'  de  epo  Eli,  et  dz  i  fed'  ct 
dc  aux'  vie'  2s. — Ibidem   Pet'  de  Pclh'  tz  feod.  ^  mil'  de  feodo 
epi  Eli,  et  dz  i   fed'  et  aux'  vie'  2s. 
'Rich'  Belebuche  tz  1  hyd'  trs  de  feodo  epi  Eli  el  dz  i  fed'  et  de  aux' 
vie'  2S. — Ibidem  Rob'  de  Infuladz  1  fed'  quam  Job's  Wombe  faeit 
pro  eo  et  idem  Rob'  dz  de  aux*  vie'  4s.  et  funt  2  hyd'  geld'  et  dz 
pont'. 
Rich' de   Draytone  tz  feod.   i  mil'  de  feodo  de  Hardewyn  de   Scalar' 
dz  I   fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'  3s   et  tenet  3  hyd'  geld'  et  dz  pont. — 
g  Gifflird  tz  feod.  \  m.  Rad'  de  Mortuom',  et  tz  5  hyd'  geld,  et  dz 
pout'. — Ibidem  prior  de  Swavefh'  tz  3  hyd.  non  geld'  ct  dz  fed'  et 
tz  in  lib'  elemof',. 

In 


rRich' 

I      et  c 

,  1       Ko 


54 


APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 


In  Hvndredc  de  Stotve, 


Toft, 

Hardwyc, 
Elteflc, 


Stowe, 


Johs  de  Scalar'  tz  I  feodo  i  mil'  de  feod.  de  Scalar'  et  defend'  fe  pro 
I  hyd'  geld'  et  d/,  i  fcft'  et  de  aux'  vie'  I2d.  ct  de  aiix'  ppoici  i6d. 
115m  Rad  Samplon  tz  2  f  hyd' geld' per  ferjanciam  de  dno  rege,  et  dz 
Croxton,  \  2  ptes  i  fcdt'  ec  de  aux'  vie*  ipfe  et  homag'  fuiim  totuni  ^s.  per  ann. 
15m  Luciana  de  Cadamo  tz  i  f  hyd'  geld'  de  eodem  feodo,  et  dz  3 
ptes  I  feci:'  Prior  de  linnt'  tz  de  eoa  feodo  1  hyd'  geld'  in  lib'  ele' 
Yvo  Quarel  tz  de  eod'  feodo  1  hyd'  geld'. 

fHered'  Albri  de  Neiiil  tz  feod.  i   mil'  de  hon'  Rich'  infimul  cum  3  | 
virgat'  trs  in  Swavefli'  et  dz  i    fed'  de  aux'  vie'  2s.  et  defend'  fe 

pro  2  hyd'  geld' — IBm  RoB  de  Beche  tz  i  t  hyd'  geld'  de  Hamon 

I'eche. 
Liber  KlienP  p  f  feodo  i   mil'  et  dz  ad    warda  caft'  infra  3  ann'  f  m* 

ad  duas  vices,  et  dz  pont'. 
Hen'  de  Longo  Campo  tz  feod.  i  mil'  de  baron'  de  Mumbray,  et  defend' 

fe  pro  3  hyd'  geld'  et  i  rod'  et  dz  i  k&  et  de  aux'  vie'  4s.  6d.  et 

dz  pont'. 
Granteden.  Lib'  Elienf. 

A  W's  de  Stowe  et  Baldewyn  de  eadem  tz  2  hyd'  geld'  p  -J  fe.  i  mil'  de 

fe.  abby  de  Rames'  et  dz  i   feft'  et  aux'  vie'  4s. — Ibm  Symon  Ca- 

merarius  tz  i  hyd'  geld'  p  focag'  de  Galf  de  Scalar'  de  Waddon,  et 

dz  I  feft.  quam  Ada  Albert  fac'  pro  eo  in  comit'  et  Pet'  fil'  Alex' 

pro  CO  in  hund'  et  dz  aux'  vie.  2od. 
Rob'  Mile  tz  feod.  t  mil'  de  Hamone  Peche  de  hon'  Pevel  et  dz  warda 

Carta  \  infra  3   ann'  et  duas  vices  el  dz  pont'. — Ibidem  Alans  dc 

Turri  tz  feod.  1  mil'  de  hon'  Rich'  et  dz  i  fedt'  et  de  aux'  vie'  2s. 

— Ibidem  Johs  Verley  tr  7  hyd'  trs  viz.  i  hyd'  et  |  p  t  fe'mil.  de 

feodo  Rob'  fil  Watt,  et  dz  i  fedt'  et  de  aux'  vie'  2  id.  ct  fciend'  quod 

ibdm  funt  12  f  hyd'  preter  tiam  prioris  de  Bern'  et  tiam  prioris  dc 

Sto  Neoto. 
"Rob'   Avenel  tz  feod.  t  n""''  ^e  hon'  Bonon. — Watt  de  Leyceft  tz 

feod.  t  mil'  de  eoS  hon'  Gilb'  fil'  Thorn'  tz  fe'  t  mil'  de  hon'  de 

Nevill. 
Rob*  de  Sap  tz  tert'  ptem  fe'  i  mil'  de  hon'  Rich'  et  dz  i  feft*  et  tz 

I  hyd'  geld*. — Ibidem  Jells  de  Sto  Georgio  tz  i  hyd'  geld'  de  hered* 

Matild'  Dive  de   hon'  Peverell. — Hen'  de  Trumpiton  reddit  focag' 

pro  eo. 
Baldewyn  de  Frevill    tz  fe'  2    mil'   de   fe'    Scalar   de    dno   rege   in 

capite,  et  defendit  fe  pro  6  hyd'  geld'  et  dz  1  fed:'  et  de  aux'  vie* 

8s.  iid:J.. 

a  EverlHon, 


BrunJie, 

Gamelin 

Hattele, 
Caxton, 


{ 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY. 


5? 


Everfdon, 


Caldecote, 


Richd  de  Andevill  tz  fe'  r  mil'  de  fc'  Wifcardi  Luydet,  et  defend'  fe  pro 
1  5  t  hyd'  geld'et  dz  i  kd'etde  aux' vic'5S.  ec  dz  pont. — Rob' Bcche 
I  tz  I  hyd'  geld' — IBm  VVarin'  Torehenefle  tz  |  hyd'  non  geld*  de  hon' 
1  Rich'  et  dz  i  feet'. — I6m  Jacobus  de  Eveifdon  tz  §  hyd'  de  fe'  epi 
Eli'  et  dz  I  feft'.IBm  Rich  le  Rous  et  ppes  tz  i  virgut  tfa  de  feodo  de 
Scalar'  et  dz  pontag'. 
■  Johs  fir  Rog'  tz  1  hyd'  geld'  pro  i6ma  parte  feodi  i  mil'  de  hon'  Rich* 
ec  dz  I  fed.'  et  de  aux'  vie'  yd. — Ibin  jut'is  Croxi  tz  i  virg'  tfte  geld' 
p  4  feodo  I  mil'  de  fe'  Peverel  in  Orwell,  et  dz  i  fedt'  et  de  aux'  vie* 
yd.  etdeWarda  call' infra'  3  ann  4cd.  ad  2  vices. — ll3m  Theobald'  fil' 


Fulcon  tz  I  hyd'  tree  geld  p  4  ^codi 


I   mil'  de   feodo  de  Scalar'  ec 
r  hyd'  geld'  de  hon'  Rich'  tj 


Kingeflon.-i 


clz  pont. — Ib'm  Jotis  de  Elington  tz 
dz  pontagium. 
'Gaif '  de  Baucis  tz  3  mil*  de  Hamone  Feche  cum  tfa  Alex'  de  Bancis  in 
Wynepol  et  cum  tra  Baudethum  de  Sto  Geo.  in  eadam  et  cum  tra 
Rob'Beche  in  Everfdon,  et  defend'  fc  pro  4  |  hyd'  geld'  et  dz  i  feft' 
et  dz  de  war'  callri  infra  3  ann'  40s.  ad  2  vices. — Ibm  W's  de 
Sto  Geo'  tz  tram  fuam  in  Hattele  et  Kingeflone  pro  fe.  i  mil. 
de  fe.  Matild.  de  Diva  in  Eringeltone. — Memorandum  qil  Nigells 
de  Radewell  tz  i  hyd'  in  Meldeburne  geld.  —  Galf  de  Scalar' 
etTho*  de  Waddon  tz  2  hyd'  ec  3  virg'  trse  in  Crawtden.  —  Rob* 
de  Frugers  in  ead'  i  hyd'  3  virg'  tra.  —  Humfred'  ad  eccm  in 
ead'  I  I  hyd'.  in  villa  Gildenmerdon  2  |  hyd'  de  diverfis  feodis. 
Jotics  Gocelin  in  ead'  i  h"'d' — Alex'  Andevill  in  Cloptone  2  |  hyd' — 
item,  Tho'  de  Pernefs  in  ead'  3  virg'  cfr^. — Item,  Tho'  fil'  Hugon' 
in  ead*  |  virg'  tt<"e. — Item,  Galf'  de  Scalar'  in  homag'  in  ytepel- 
mordon  i  hyd'tiiE. — Item,  Rob'  de  Fugeres  in  Alington  i  hyd'.  De- 
canus  de  Schenegeys  3m  ptein  i  hyd'  in  ead'.  Johs  le  Goye  in  Ba- 
fingburne  i  hyd*.  Prior  de  Chickeiond  in  Tadelowe  2  i  hyd*. 
Matild'  de  Dunton  in  Wendeye  i  virg'  trs. 

In  Hundredo  de  Erlngeford. 

CloDton     /  ^''-'^'  '^'^  Andevill  tz  feod.  i  mil'  cum  virgat'  trae  in  HacelCj  et  i  hyd'  tree 
'^      '    I      in  Cravveden  de  Baro  Warin'  fil'  Ceroid. 

iW's  Kay  tz  feoil.  |  mil''  de  hon'  Bonoii  non  dz  fe6l'  neque  aux'  vie' — 
Wydo  de  Brecy  tz  A  feodi  i  mil'  de  eod'  hon'.— IBm  Galf  de  Scalar' 
tz  I  hyd'  tra:  de  feodo  de  Scalar'  non  dzfeft'et  dla  hyd'  eft  geld. 
Pet'  de  Beche  et  Walt'  d  Yltlham  tz  |  hyd'  trie  geld'  per  \  teodi  mil'  de- 
hon'  Pech'. — "Bm,  W's  de  Wittchton  tz  \  hyd'  geld'  per  \  feodi  miT 
de  eod'  hon' — It3m  W's  Pickard  tz  \  hyd'  trs  geld  per  \  feodi  nrjil' 
de  eod'  hon' — ibm  Rad  de  Bancis  tz  \  hyd'  trae  geld'  per  4  feoda  mii' 


Gilden 
Mordon 


de  eod'  hon'  ec  de  warda  call'  infra  ann'  et  |  10s. — Ibm  Hob'  de 
Beche  tz  \  hyd'  tr.-e  geld'  per  \  feodi  nsil'  de  lion'  de  Perche'  Baldcw\  n 
de  Parncs  tz  3  virgat'  tne  geld'  de  Comit'  de  Sto  Paulo  p  fervic'  \  i 
mil'  ec  dz  fcftani  cc  aux'  vie' 2s. — ll5ni  Hende  Mordon  dz  i  feiil;'. 

TadelowCj, 


5^ 


APPENDIX    TOTHE    HISTORY 


Tradelowe, 


Abington, 


Wend  eye,  j 


WaJdon, 


Fulco  fir  Warn'  tz  feod.  i  mil'  de   hered'  Reg'  Torpell  de  feodo 
Peverel. — Ibm  prior  de  Chickefund  iz  i  hyd'  et  i  virgat   tra  geld* 
de  Baronia  W'mi  de  Bello  Campo,  et  dz  i  feet'  et  aux'  vie'  2S. — ■ 
113m  prior  de  Bernvvell  tz  tram  qua:  fuit.  Hug'  de  Pinnecote  et  efl: 
de  foedo  prioris  de  Cliickefend,  et  dz  fe<ft' — Elias  le  W-aley's  tz  I 
hyd.  et  i  virg'  zrx,  et  dz  i  feft'. 
rPhil'  de  Abington  tz  i  fe'  i  mil'  de  hon'  Bonon — Ibm  Alanus  de  Fugeres 
tz  I  hyd'  trffi  geld'  p  3m  ptem  feodo  i  mil'  de  feodo  Scalar,  et  ipfe 
Alanus  et  feod.  fil'  Jocelini  et  Humfr'  fil'  W'mi  debent  i  k6t\  et  de 
aux'  vie'  8d. — Ibm  Alex'  le  Moyne  tz  i  virgat'  trs  geld'  de  feodo 
Hardwyn  de  Scalar'  pro  izma  pte  feodi  i  mil'. 
„       11       fW's  de  Quoye  dz  1  {&&  quam  cancellavit — Walt'  de  Ho'  tz  i  feodi  i 
llat  e  ,     <^      j^jp  j^  hon'  Rich'  5s.  7  virgat'  trs  geld'  et  dz  i  feifl'  et  de  aux'  vie'  as. 
Alic'fine  Mauntelet  ppes   fui  tz  mann'  de  feodo   Cammarii  p  focag' 
de  hon'  Rich'  et  dz  i   feft'  et  de  aux*  vie'    los.  et  funt  ibi  7  hyd' 
geld'  cum  Knetfwrthe  que  eft  de  feodo  Camarii, 
Galf  de  Scalar'  tz  feod,  3  mil'  de  feodo  de  Scalar'  et  dz  i   fedt'  que 
Tho'  de  Waddon  facit  pro  eo,  et  de  aux'  vie'  7s.  6d  cum  homag'  fuo 
de  Mordon  et  de  Knetfwrthe. — Ibm  Rad'  de  Saham  tz  feod.   |  mil' 
de  hon'  Rich'  et  ipfe  et  Galf  Turpin'  dz  i  fed:  et  tz  |  hyd'  tr£e  geld' 
— Ibm  funt  2  I  hyd'  geld'  de  homag'  G.  de  Scalar'. 
JHamon  de  Valeynes  tz  |  feod.  mil' cum  feodo  Rich'  Biboys  in  Abingtoil 
de  hon'  Comit'  Glov'nie —  Ibm  W.  de  Hobrig'  tz  feod.  |  mil'  de 
Comit'  Glovernie  de  Vet'  tene.m'  et  nunc  reddit  fervic.  feodi  -i  i 
mil' — Alex'  le  Moyne  tz  feod.  |  mil'  de  Comit'  Glovernie. 
W's  le  Rus  tz  feod.  |  mil'  de  dno  rege  in  capite.  Mar's  Martin  tz  i  hyd' 
tree  geld'  p  fervic'  |   mil'  de  feodo  de  Scalar'  et  dz  fedl'  et  de 
aux'  vie'  2s. 
Martin  Cam'arius  et  Rad'  de  Denton  tz  4tam  ptem  feodi  i  mil'  de 
hon'  Rich'  et  Martin  dz  |  feft'.  Ones  libi   tntes  dz    aliam  |  feft. 
et  tota  villat*  dz  de  aux'  vie'  4s.  funt  ibi  2  hyd' geld'. 
•  Rob'  Lulleman  tz  feod.  i  mil'  de  Hamone  Peche,  et  dz  i  feifl'  et  de  aux' 
vie' 3s.    et  de  ward'  call'  infra  ann'  et  | — |  M. — Ibdem  Had'  fil. 
Joceliu*  ctHumf  ad  Monafl;'  dz  de  aux'  vic'iod. — Alanus  de  Fu- 
geres tz  feod.  I  mil'  de  feodo  Robert  Pykot  in  EokefwrthCj  et  funt 
1-     ibi  4  I  hyd'  geld'. 
Alex'  de  Bancis  dz  i  feiSI'  et  de  aux'  vie'  2s.  Galf  de  Caxton  tz  4tam 
ptem  I  mil'  de  feodo  de  Hardewyn  de  Scalar'  et  dz  i  k£i'  et  de 
aux'  vie'  2s. — Ibm  Egid'  de  Argenten  tz  4tam  ptem  feodi  i  mil* 
feodo  Wifcard' Leydct. 


3affingburn,  ■ 


Kncefworth, 


Crawedene, 


Meld  re, 

MeKle- 

bume, 


} 


In 


>> 


OF    B  A  R  N  WMi  L  L    ABBEY. 


■■57 


*b  Vt.  , . 


Hund^  de  Trippclaivc. 


^W's  deEverenesetAlan'deHyd'  tzfeod.  \  mil.  de  lion'  Bonon  et  non 
dz  fed;'  neque  aiix'  vie' — Ibm  Job's  de  Kayly  tz  feod.  2  mil'  de  i;Oii' 
com'  Aubemarle.  s.  de  Hon'  Ch' — et  dz  1  fefl'  et  de  aux'  vie'  8r.  p 
ann. — It3m  Hen'  de'l'rumpiton  tz  feod.i  mi'  de  fedd.Matild'de  Diva 
Trumpitone,  i      et  dz  i  fcift'  qaam  Albinus  fac'  pro  eo.  et  dz  p  ami'  2s.de  aux'  vie' 
— 115m  W's  Bernard  dz  i  left'  et  refpond'  de  aux'  vie'  cum  Jolij  dc 
Hayly,  et  funt  ibi  p  totuin  12  hyd'trs. — verum  9  \  funt  geld'  et 
2  {  hyd'quas  Alan' de  Hyd' et  Ws  deEverenes  tz  de  hon'  Bonon. 
non  fuut  geld' — iBm  Eborard.  tz  feod.  i  mil'  de  feod.  de  Mortunu 
Baldewyn  de  Frevill  tz  3  ptem  fe.  i  mil'  de  dno  rege  in  capite  et  dc 
hon'  Rich'  4  ptem   feod.  i  mil' —  et  de   epo  Eli'  feod.  i  5  mil'  et 
idm  Baldewyn  dz  i  fedt'  et  de  aux'  vie'  los.  p  ana'  ^t  iBm  funt  2  l 
trs  geld', 
r  Ws  de  Hcrleflon'  tz  feod.  \  mil'  de  feod.  Eli  et  dz  i  fcft'  et  de  a\!x' 
vie'  nidi  — Jotis  ie  Moyne  dz  i  fefl:'  pro  epo  Eli  et  de  aux'  vie' 
nich'. — It3m  Jotis  fil'  Nidi  le  Moyne  tz  2  ^  hyd'  tras  per  fer- 
janciam  de  dno  rege,  et  non  funt  geld'  non  dz  aux'  vie'  neque 
ie<ft'.  ,        .  .  .  . 

'Nidls  de  Barrlngtone  tz  I  hyd'  trs  de  feod.  Mandevill  geld'  et  dz  r 
fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'  nichil. — Ibm  Tho'  fil'  Hen'  dz  i  fefl:  et  de  aux' 
vie'  nieh'  et  funt  ibi  7  hyd'  geld'. — Ibm  Jotis  de  Scalar'  dz  i  feCt' 
et  de  aux'  vie'  nich'. . 
Ws  fir  R.ictid  tz  feod.  mil'  de  baron  Rich  de  Munfichet,  et  iljm  dz  t 
fed'  quam  Warin  fil'  Sweyn  fac.  pro  eo,  et  de  aux'  vie'  20s.  p  ann'. 

{AbbilTa  de  Charteriz  dz  pro4pte  i  mil'  5s.  et  i  quart'  fruitienti  pro 
fedt'  fua.— Ibm  Gaif  de  Bands  tz  1  hyd'.  terra  de  hon.  Rich'et  non 
;  eft  geld'  et  nondzfedl'  neque  aux'  vie'. 
TT    1    n         rSerle  de  Elaukefton  dz  i  fed*  et  de  aux'  vie'  nich.  et  idm  Serle  tz  de 
.i.j  V.'  L     epo  Ell  '        : 

sh  '....,    rj^^fes  de  Biirgo  tz  feod,  i  mil'  de  f€od..ep  Eli  et  nullam  dz  fedl'  neque 

.^■o-i-si  ?.-      .   Sux*  vie' — l^m  Galf  de  Schalar'  tz  feod.  j  Tnil'de  feod.  Peverel  et  dz 

HarleftonX  •■    i  fed' etde  aux' vie' folvit  cum  feod.  Gernegan. — IBm  Walt  Clement 

'  ;-       tz  feod.  I  mil'  feod.  Eli  ?t  dz  i   feft'  et  de  aux'  vie'  2s. — Ibm  dc 

-.    feod.  Gernegan  2s.  de  aux'  vie'  p-ann'  et  i^era  funt  8  hyd'  tr;E  geld'. 


Parva 
Selford, 


Stapelford 
Mag.Selford, 


Trippe- 


Fulmere 


-{' 


■  •      ' 'Hund.deWethelfe. 

V  •  m       rSaerus  de  S'to  Andrea' etppesfui  tz  feod.  i  rail'  de  com'  Glov'  de  hon' 
r.rington,  |     Rich'—Ibm  Rob'  de  Berke  tz  feod.  i  mil'. 


G 


W}'nepolj, 


0 


APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 


/  Alaniis  de  Baffingburn  tcnz  feod.i  mil'  de  hon'  Rich' — Ibidem  Rob'  de 

\  Beche  ti  feod.i  mil'.  deHainon  I'eche,  et  dz  de  aux' vic'4d.  et  de  wardii 
caftri  infra  ann'  ct  I — f  n". — Ibidem  Hen'  de  Childerle  tz  feod.  i  mil' 
de  baron.  Warino;.  fil.  Gerold.  dz  i  feft' et  Hupr.  de  Crawedene  dz  fctfl' 
Itjm  Galf  de  h.ncis  dz  i  feft'  et  de  aux'  vie'  icd. — IBm  Wmus  de 
Francis  tz  feod.  v  mil'  de  baron  Leydtt  et  dz  de  aux'  vie'  lod. 
Ws  Torpel  tz  feed,  i  mil'  de  comit'  Glovernie — Ibidem  Rob's  de  Ore- 
well  tz  I  hyd'  geld,  p  focag'  de  Hen'  de  Bokefwrth,  et  dz  i  fe£t'  etde 
aux'  vie'  i2d. 

f  Nichs  le  Vauafur  tz  feod.  i  mil'  cum  tra  quam  Rob'  de  Infulaz  de  coin 
'I  Wcftwyc  et  Hokiton  de  hon.  de  Rich'  et  dz  i  iVfl'  ec  aux'  vie'  32d. 
Symon  Martin  tz  feod.  t  mil'  de  baron.  Hardewvn  de  Scalar'  et  dz  i 
fedl'  et  de  aux'  vie'  3 2d.  Bernard  de  Rothomag'  tz  4  ptem  feod  i  mil* 
de  feod.  de  Scalar'  et  dz  i  iedl'  et  de  aux'  vie'  8d. — I'Bem  AbbifTade 
Charteriz  dz  i  fed'  et  lunt  ibi  z  f  hyd'  geld'.  Et  fciendm  qd'Abbiffa 
reddit  p  ann'  5s.  pro  fed:'  et  dz  aux'  vie'  i  quarter  frumenti. 

'Baldevvyn  de  V'er  tz  4  ptem  feod.  i  mil'  de  baron.  Muntichet — Ibidem 
totum  homag'Rich'  dc  Munfichet  dz  de  aux'  vie'  2os.  p  ann'— IBm 
Warin  fil'  W'mi  dz  i  feft'  pro  Rich'  de  Munfichet^ — Ibm  Abbatilfa 
de  Chateriz  dz  i  feft'  el  funt  ibi  6  hyd'  geld'. 
Rog'  de  Hunringfeld  tz  feod.  i  mil'  de  com'  Glouernie— Ibidem  Alex'" 
Maniant  tz  feod.  f  mil'  de  baron.  Hamon  Peche,  et  dz  i  fed*  et  de 
au.x'  vie'  lid.  Rad'  Carbonel  dz  i  fcdt'  et  de  aux'  vis'  iid.  et  ibi  funt 

L    5  M' geld'. 

'Alan'  de  Berton  et  pptes  fui  tz  feod.  2  mil'de  baron.  Leydet,  et  debent 
I  fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'  3s.  ad. — Ibidem  Kob'  Cantuar'  tz  1  hyd'  trte 
hon'  deLeyeeft'  p  4  ptem  feod.  i  mil'.— Ibidem  funf6  hyd'  geld',  et 
debent  pontag'. 
Jofts  de  Cotenhm  tz  feod.   i  mil'  de  Saero  de  S'to  Andrea  de  hen' 

Pevercl'   et  dz  ward'  call'  infra  ann'  et  i — ~  m.  et  funt  ibidem  2 

hyd' geld'. 
'Barthol'  Pcch'  tz  i  t  feod.  mil'  de  hr^n'  Bon'. — Tbidem  Rob't  le  Eyr  dz" 

fed'   et  pont' — ItSm  Hawifa   de  Q^uinci  tz  fc'  i  mil'  de  hon'   de 

Mortum'  VES'  Walt,  et  dz  aux'  vie'  1  zd. — Ib^m  Hen'  Ri)des  tz  feod, 

t  mil'  de  baron'  Leydet,  et  dz  i  fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'  i2d.  ■  ' 
Steph's  de  Sumeri  tz  feod.  {  mil'  de  Sno  regein  eapite,  etdz  i  fed' 

et  de  aux'  vie'  5s. — IBm  RoB  de  Scalar'  dz  i  fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'' 
HefelingfeldJ       i2d.  PriorifTa  de  Stratford  tz  feod.  j-  mil'  de  com'  de  Mandevill. . 
I      IBm  Rog'  de  Meldetord  tz  i-t  hyd'  Ue  abBe  Eborac'  p  focag'  et  dz 

fed'.  Ibidem  funt  13  hyd'  geld'. 


Wynepolj 


Orewell, 


Malkcton, 


Supere, 


Barington,) 


Harleton, 


Berton, 


Cumberton, 


Grantefele, 


Si 


Hund,  de  Chilfordt 


Caumpes, 


Comes  Oxonia. 


I  .^ ..: 


Sudc- 


OFBARN  WELL    ABBEY.  59 

'  W's  Burre  et  ppes  fui  tz  feod'  i  mil'  de  baron'  de  Rich'  Munfichet. 
Sudecampes,<      — Ibidem  W's  de  Knapvvell  dz  i  feft'pro  tota  villa  per  ann' — Ibin 

(_      flint  2  h)'d'  geld'. 
Noftrefeld,  Feod.  de  Berners  et  feod.  prioris  de  Hatfeld  debent  de  aux'  vie'  28d. 

{Baldewyn  de  Rofcye  tz  i  hyd'  trae  geld  p  fervic'  feod'  i  mil'  de  hon'  dj 
Wyrmegeye — Ibidem  idm  Bald'  dz  1  fed'  &  de  aux'  vie'  4s.  p  ana' 
—  Clar'. 
{W's  Roffel  et  Steph's  de  Hays  tz  2  hyd'  tra  de  feod.  com'  Oxon'  de  hon' 
Rich'  p  fervie'  4  mil.  et  byd'  quam  Steph'  tz  efl  geld'  et  dz  i  feet'  et 
de  aux'  vie'  2s.  p  ann'  B. 
Stratle,         Tho'  de  Lamford  tz  man'  de  epo  Eli  p  fervic'  i  mil. 

S  Walt's  de  Capell  tz  feod.  f  mil'  de  com'  Oxon'  de  hon'  Rich' — Ibidem 
Walt'  dz  I  fecb'  et  de  aux'  vie'  I2d.  p  ann'  et   ibi  funt  3  hyd'  geld' 
B.^Ibidem  eft  \  virgat'  trze  quce  fuit  Galf '  fil'  Rich'  ec  quam  tenuic 
1.1V/..V.J,      .      j^  1^^^,  ^j^  cj^pg  p  fervic'  4  feod.  i  mil' — Ibidem  Galf  dz  fedt'  et  de' 
/      aux'  vie'  lod.  p  ann'  Clar' — Ibidem  de  feod.  de  Bok.es  et  de  KneviU 
L      et  W'i  Barbedor'  debent  2  feft'  et  de  aux'  vfc'  i4d. 

(Maur'  de  ead  et  Rad  de  Elfond'  tz  feod.  i  mil'  cum  Norton  in  coni' 
Exe'  de  com'  Oxon,  de  hon',  et  hidata  eft  in  magna  Campes — Hubs 
Povere  tz  1  hyd'  geld,  de  hon'  de  Lamele. 

-,      ,  f  Nicii  de  Fornell  tz  feod.  2  mil'de  hon'  R.ich'  non  dz  feft'  neque  aux'  vie* 

Bercham,  <  r    .  -u-      u   j  1  j  j 

^  (_      et  lunt  ;bi  4  hyd.  non  geld. 

Linton,         W's  de  Sey  tenz  fe'  1  mil'  de  hon'  Rich'  et  non  dz  fc3'  neque  aux'  vie'. 

Parva         f  Alex'  de  Scalar'  et  Alanus  de  Money  tz  fe.  i   mil'  de  hon'  Rich' — IBin 

Linton,      1      dz  1  fed.'  et  aux'  vie'  2s.  p  ann'  et  funt  ibi  2  i  hyd'  trx  geld. 

HiUriche- r  Phil'  de  Danys  et  W's  le  Ros  tz  feod.  i  mil'  de  com'  Oxon',  et  non 

(ham,         l_     debent  feft'  neque  aux'  vie'-,  et  ibi  funt  5  hyd'  non  geld'. 

j  Com'  Oxon'  tz  7   hyd'  trs  non  geld'  et  dz  de  aux'  vie'  4s.  per  ann'  et 
Abington,<;      nullam  de  fed'  Clare. —  Ibidem  ComitilTa  dz  4s.  de  firma  et  de  hered* 

[      Canvill  i6d.  de  firma. 
Parva        /Hug'  de  Vaus,  Herveus  fil'  Pagani,  et  ppres  fui  tz  feod.  i  mil'  de  Hon* 
Abington,  (^     Rich,  ei  dz  i  fedt'  et  de  aux'  vie'  4s.  et  funt  ibi  4  hyd'  tr.^  geld'.  B. 

(Galf  de  Scalar'  tz  feod.  i  mil'  de  hon'  Rich'  et  dz  fed'  ct  de  aux'  vie' 
2s.  1  id.  p  ann' — Ibidem  tz  Joh'es  de  Saufton  ^  feod'  i  mil'  de  feod' 
Hardwyn  de  Scalar'  et  dz  aux'  vie'  2s.  per  ann'  et  nullam  dz  fed' — 
Ibidem  tz  Trillram  de  Fraxino  I  feod'  1  m.  de  feod.  com'  Wintoii 
^    *          ^      de  hon'  de  Traflinton,  et  dz  1  fe6t'  ct  de  aux'  vie'  2s.  per  ann'  et  ibi 
funt  7  hyd'  quarum  3  4-  •"""£  geld'  Clar'.— Ibm  Tho'  Hamelin  dz  20s. 
de  firma,     Ibm  feod,  W'mi  Pirot  dz  13d.  de  aux'  vie'.   B. 
-Rad'  de  Bancis  tz  '^  1  rnil'  de  hon'  Pvich'  ct  dz  1  feifl'  et  de  aux'  vie'  2s. 
ry         r      \      — IB™  Rob'  Safrcy  et  W's  Fcrard  tz  i  hyd'  trie  p  fervic'  ^  feod.i  niiL 
^  , "    '    <       de  hon'  Rich'  et  dz  per  ann'  de  aux'  vie'  Sd.-.-Ibidem  funt  7  hyd' 
^'^^"'          I       verum  t  hyd  trs?  quam  Rad'  de.  Banc.is  ct -^^^iU'^  fil'  Had'  et  Rob* 
Saffrey  tenet  ihyd',  et  funt  geld'>' 

G  2  Horfcye, 


6o  APPENDIX    TO     THE    HISTORY 

y,    J.  r  kern  de  Horfeya  Tnlis  de  Penfeld  dz  6d,  de  firrr.a,  et  ^d. 

Houeye,    ^     —Ibidem  VV's  Minac'  dz  i  fefi'  et  de  aux'  vie'  4d. 


de  aux'  vyc, 


Hinxton, 


iklinton. 


I 


DiikeAvrthe, 


■5IVttlesford, 


SauHon,   • 


//.•.'«^.  o'f  T'Fttlcsford. 

Eft  ibidem  feod.  i  mil',  verum  Saeriis  deS'to  And'r  et  ppes  fiai  tz  medi- 
etatem  et  hcredes  de  Torpel  medietatem  de  3no  rege  in  cipite,  et  dz 
de  aux*  vie'  2S.  per  ann'  ct  non  dz  feft'  Clar'. — llim  funt  20  hyd'  trs 
non  geld'. — IBm  Ws  de  Barbador  dz  i  fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'  2s.  et  de 
feod'  de  Lincoln'  Clar'. — Ibidem  Triftram  de  Fraxino  dz  ad  ward* 
caft'  f  m.  infra  ann*  et  {. 
Eft  de  hon'  Bonon'  et  debz  feci'  neque  aux'  vie*.  Sed  dz  per  ann'  2s.  de 
warda  pen  et  funt  iBm  20  hyd'  tr^  non  geld'  et  ibidem  hyd'  geld' 
quam  abbas  de  Derhm  ct  prrorifTa  de  ead''. 

Heredes  Gaudini  tz  feod.  f  mil'  de  hon'  Rich'  et  Had'  Saham  tz 
aliud  f  feod.  mil'  de  hon'  Rich'  et  dz  fe(Et'  et  de  aux  vie'  2s.— 
Ibidem  Jordanus  de  Aubernum  tz  |  feod.  i  mil'  de  com'  Marefcall, 
et  non  dz  fefl*  neque  aux'  vie'  iis. — Ibidem  Andr*  de  Goys  tz  i 
fedl'  et  dc  aux' vie'  3s. — Ibidem  funt  4  hyd'  geld'  de  feod.  Rad'  de 
Saham  et  Alic.  dc  Furnivill,  et  dz  left*  et  pont'. — et  funt  ibidem  per 
totum  20  hyd'  Clar'  Prior  de  Wttlesford  tz  i  virg'  trse  feod.  W'i 
de  Colevill,  et  dz  fed'  et  pont. 
Rog'  de  Akeny  tz  man'  de  Wtlesford  de  Rad'  de  Thony  p  focag'— 
Ita  qd  dz  habere  cum  preiJic.  Rad'  in  exercitu  quando  ictm  Rad' 
ibit  cum  dno  rege  in  exercitu,  et  ibidem  funt  12  hyd'  trae  non  geld' 
dz  I  feft'. 

Rich'  de  Attauefton  tz  feod'  2  mil'  de  3'no  rege  in  capita,  et  dz  1  fe£l' 

et  aux'  vie'  2s.  per  ann'  et  funt  ibi  4  hyd'  geld'.     Ibidem  Rob'  de 

Someri  tz  ptes  1 1  mil'  de  feod'  comitcfle,  et  non  dz  fedl'  neque  aux' 

vie'  Abbas  de  Grefteyn  tz  2  hyd'  trae  in  elemos'  et  funt  ibi  per  totum 

^     8  hyd'. 


Oxcroft 


Wrattinge, 


rPhil'  I 

,   \      Rlk 

y      funt 


Hund,  de  Radeford, 

Baflet  tz  feod.  i  mil'  de  honore  Rich'  et  dz  3  ptes  fedl*  et  Phil' 
L-fpaud  1  ptes  feftse,  et  Phil'  Baflet  dz  p  ann'  de  aux'  vie'  iSd.  Et 
nt  ibi  2  hyd'  geld'. 
Jacobus  de  Frevill  tz  feod.  2  4  mil'  cum  terra  Joh"s  Jacob  in  pva 
Karleton.  W's  deKirketon  et  tra  Herbert!  de  Alenton  in  SwafF- 
ham,etpro  eod.  Jacobo  Joh'es  de  Walepol  dz  facere  i  fedl'  et 
Joh'es  Jacob,  i  fed:' — Icfm  Joh'es  dz  de  auji'  vie'  6s.  et  idm  Joh'es 
habet  in  Wrattinge  2  i  hyd'  geld'. 

>Vcfton, 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBET. 


61 


Wcfton, 


Ro,!;^'  de  Coievill  tz  feod.    i  mil' de  coniit' Warcn'.     IbBcni.   Hugo 

Grandin  tz  ,^  feod.  i  mil.  dc  Ivor'  Kich': — IbniWs  Kirk'ttor,  Ilog' 

Leuerrer,  Jolis  llaukiH,  Jot'is  V,  alerr.an,  dcbenc  i'accre  1  k£i.]^ni  ftv,c[.' 

.  Rog'  Colevil.    Hug'  Grandin  dz  1  fedl'  ad  coniit'  et  hiind'ct  idm  Hug' 

dz  de  aiix'  vie'  4s. — Ibm  tz  Ivog'  Coievill  7  I  hyd'gcld ll3m  Hug* 

Grandin  tz  i  |  hyd'  geld. — Itrm  Ws  de  Kirketoc  tz  i  hyd'  tise  quae 
jacct  in  Parva  Kareltuii,  et  efl  geld'  ct  eft  de  feod.  de  Hardwyh  de 
Scalar'.  Idm  W's  dz  p  ann'  1 8d.  de  aux*  vie'. 

^.'f  !f^°"  ^^    I  ^'■ior  de  Lewes  tz  6  hyd'  geTd'  et  dz  o  ann'  los.  de  aux'  vie'. 
Willinghm,  I  J      b  ^ 

w's  de  Moyun  tz  3  hyd'  rrje  geld'  et  dz  p  ann'  4s.  de  aux'  vie'  et  Rich' 

Luce  dz  I  fedt.  pro  feod.  "W'i  de  Moyun,  et  idm  tz  piitdic'  tram  de 

Rad'Tonv 

mil'  in  burg'  in  Swafi'ham  de  hon'  Rich'    16m 


Brinkele, 


Burgum, 


in  iocag. 
CTho'  de  Burgo  tz  feod.  2 


{ 


DullingKnDj 


{ 


Steueche- 


Kertling, 


Ditton, 


Saxton,     ^ 


funt  5  t  liyd'  ux  geld'.    Idm  Tho'  dz  i  fed.  et  Rog'^.tleEffex  1  ledl' 
et  pets  Tho'  p  ann'  de  aux'  vie'.  'f::}--t      {     '    ' 

Joh's  Hifc-t  6  hyd'  trx  geld  de  ombz  quietas — Ibidem  tz  Eftrangia 
hyd'  tr^  gtld.  de  feod.  Hardewyn  de  Scalar'  et  dz  p  ann'  4s.  de 
aux'  vie'  Eadm  Eftrangia  dz  1  led'  ec  Rad'  Matefrey  dz  1  fed'  ec 
ictm  Rad'  tz  i  hyd'  irse  in  ead'  de  feed.  Britann'  predida  Lftrangia 
cum  tra  Jofis  fil'  Hug'  in  Swaffham  tz  predidtam  tcrtanl  pro  feod. 
I  mil' de  feod. 'Hardewyn' de  Scalar'  Rad'  Matefrey  dat' p  ann' 
1 2d.  de  aux' vie' de  hon' Ricli. 
Hen'  fil'  Wilt'i  tz  i  hyd'  tr^  de  hon'  Rich'  p  focag'  et  dz  aux'  vie'  izd, 
per  ann'. 

Hundred,  dc  Cheveleyc 


Sylverleye, 

s 


f  Rad'  de  Thoni  tz  Kertling  pfcr  janciam  de  fl'no  rege,  et  ibi  font  10  hyd', 
|_     trse  non  geld',  et  in  villa  de  Kertlinge  nulla  eft  led'  neque  aux'  vie'. 
T'Rad'  de  Cameys  tz  Ditton  ad  feod   firmam  p  los.  de  hered'  Rad'  fil* 
Hug'  et  ibidem  funt  10  hyd'  geld',  et  iclm  Ract  dz  per  ann'  i  fcd'et  de 
aux'  vie'  4s.  per  ann'. 
Tho'  de  Valeneys  tz  Ditton  de  feod'  Cameys  per  fervic'  militare  de  hon' 
Rich'  fcit.  feod.  3  milit'  ibidem  funt  5  hyd'  tfffi  geld'  et   iBrn  ictm 
Tho'  dz  I  fed'  ct  de  aux'  vie'  4s.  per  ann'.  Tho'  de  Lauenhm  Hen* 
de  Bello  campo  tz  Sexton  de  com'  Oxon'  per  lervic'  miiitaif'  viz.  feod. 
2  mil'. — 1dm  Tho'  dz  i  fed'  per  ann'  et  de  aux'  vie'  zs.  per  ann'. — \%m. 
Hen'  de  Bello  Campo  dz  i  fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'  2s.  per  ann'. —  tm  funt 
2  hyd' trse  geld'.  EtTho'  de  Lauenfim  eftcapitalis  flns  ejuldm  villae. 
Galf  Arfic  tz  feod.  2  mil.  de  comit'  Oxon'  et  ibidem  funt  6  hyd' 
tras.  ct  40  acres  geld'.  Ibidem  Galf  '^z  i  k&,'  et  de  aux'  vie'  4s. 
per  ann'. 

Chevlfji 


I 


f 


APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 


Chevele. 


Allele. 


Burwell, 


Landvvade, 
Sneylewell, 


/-Hamon  Peche  tz  feod.  i  mil'  de  comit*  Rici  Marefcail'  ec  ibidem  de  eod* 
feod.  3  hyd*  et  non  geld,  et  non  debent  fed:'  neque  aux'  vie. — Km 
W's  fii'  Luce  tz  6  ptem  i  mil'  de  feod'  de  Hen'  Kemefh  de  Hon'  Rich' 
idm  W's  dz  I  left'  et  de  aux'  vie'  1 2d.  per  ann'. — Et  ell  ibidem  de 
eod'  feod'  i  hyd'  geld'. 
Rob'  de  Gynes  tz  feod'  i  mil'  de  Hen'  de  Bello  Campo.  Et  The'  dc 
Valeynes  dc  feod.  comit'  Oxon.  Ibidem  funt  3  hyd'  et  40  acres  trae 
geld'. — Idm.  Rob'  dz  i  fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'  2s.  per  ann'. 

Hundred,  de  Si  ape! bo. 

Abbas  de  Ramefeye  tz  10  hyd'  trs  non  geld'  de  dno  rege  in  capite. 
Ibidem  tz  Rad.  Carreys  2  \  hyd'  trte  de  feod.  Britann'  et  hon'  Rich' 
per  fervic'  feod.  i  mil'. — Mm  dz  per  ann'  gs.de  aux'  vic'et  dz.  1  led. 
quam  Auch  fir  Eudon.  et  Gilb'  fil' Galf  faciunt.  pro  eo.  Ibidem  tz 
Hen'  fil'  Rob'  i  hyd'  et  i  virgat'  trre  de  hered.  1  ho'  de  Burgh  de 
hon'  Rich'  et  reddit  ad  fcutag'  2S. — Ibm  dz  Johs  Feresfeid  i  feft'  per 
ann'.  Ibidem  dz  Rob' fil'  Yvon  i  kSC  per  ann' Abbilla  de  Chartcriz 
tz  I  i-  hyd'.  ttcB  de  feod'  epi  Eli  in  libm  elemos'. 
Rob'  de  Haftings  tz  2  hyd'  tre  geld'  de  hon'.  Rich'  per  fervic'  i  mil* 
dz  I  fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'  2s. 


{ 


Wyke, 


Saham, 


Kenet, 


{ 

{ 
{ 


f  Johs   de  Vaus'  tz  feod'  1    mil'  de  baron'  W'l  Perci — Ibm  funt  4 
\     hyd'  geld'  et  tota  villa  dz  i  feci'  et  de  aux'  vie'  5s. 


Yfelham, 


Parva 
Ylelham, 


Wymcr  de  Corrington  tz  feod.  i   mil'  de  hon'  Rich' — Ibm  funt  3  hyd* 

trns  non  geld'  et  tota  villa  dz  1  fed'  quam  Jotis  de  Sirefman  facie 

pro  ea. 
Hub'tus  de  Burg'  tz  |  feod.  mil'  de  dno  rege.  Phil.  Bafiet  tz  feod.  i  mil' 

et  Radd  de  Saham  tz  feod.  4  mil'de  hon'  Rich'. — Ibm  funt  11  hyd' 

trze  geld'. 
Nichs  de  Kennet  tz  feod.  i  \  mil'  de    comit'  de  Warenn'  ibidem  funt 

3  I  hyd' non  geld,  et  tota  villa  dz  feft'  et  non  aux'  vie'. 
Walt'  de  Donel'tunvill    tz  2   ptes  ejufd  villa  p  ferjarciam   de  hon'  de 

Meldham  non  geld'.    Ibm  tz  Rob'fil'  W'l  |  feod.  r-il'  deepo  Rocheft' 

et  idinti  Piob'  tz  i  §  hyd'  ei  homines  fui  dz  i  fed'  ct  de  auX'  vie'  i6d. 

Clar' — Prior  de  Ely  tz  1  h'd' tr£  in  lib'm  demos'^ 

{Walt'  de  Yfelham  tz  40  acras  trze  de  Walt'  de  Dunellanvill  per  foccg'. 
— idm  Walt'  et  ppes  fui  tz  42  acras  rr^  de  feoO'  de  burg'  p  locag'  ct 
dz  I  fed'  g  ann'  et  idem  debent  4d.  p  ann'  de  au.\'  vie'. — B. 


■i.-<,. 


Bode- 
kciLam, 


Hundred,  de  Sia  e. 

W*s  fil*  Marcin  et  Jolis  ^t  Relle.KT.  fciod'  rmil'  dc  hon' d^  Bukin'gh^ar 

—Ibm  Eult'  dc  la  Lande  dz  i  Ica'et  Mig' lii^Auouilmi  ■  Icci'  pro 
comit'  c[uas  debent  pro  tota  villat" — Ibm  funt  10  hyd'  trse  geld'  et 
tota  villa  dz  2  marc'  dc  aux'  vie  et  hanco  peg'. 

Qiieye 


OF    BARNWELL    ABBEY. 


6i 


^^ye. 


Stowe, 


Wllburham, 


,  W's  de  Kobrigge  rz  feod'  i  mil'  de.e^o  Eli,  et  dz  i  fcvT;' — Ws  de  Qj.ieyc 
tz  in  Qiieye  et  in  Hattele  fto'd'  ^  mi!'  de  \\''mo  de  Hohrigge  qui  tz 
J       in  caput  de  duo  rege — Idm  W's  de    [lobriggc  dz  per  ann'  de   luix' 
I      vie' prQ.C^ueyCjIijkcrwrthe,  Cp^rjiton, Beche,  Graiidene,  IlatceJe  los-. 
I      Albriciusdzied'.V    ..?."*  ^ 
Ws  tz  feotl'-27  pr'es  i  mil'  de  Fe'oci.  A^tm  deRamefe,  id'm  Ws  dz  fed' 
et  de  aux'  viq\i8d.  Clai' — ibidem  Briaa'  fii'  Alan'  tz  i  hyd'  tre  pro 
4ta  pte  feod.  i  mil'  de  Hon'  Britannise. — Ibidem  in  C^eye  fiiat  3  ^ 
bvd'  et  10  acr.  trje  geld' et  6  ~  hyd'  rrfe  de  llbro  Elienf. 
f  Ws  'I'alcmach  tz  feod.  i  mil'  et  Martin'  Camcrar'  feod.  |  mil'  de  com' 
Oxon'  Rog'  te  Lourd  dz  i  fed'  protota  villa,  et  dz  villa  per  ann' 
de  aux'  vie'  4s.  ct  ibidem  funt  4  hyd'. geld' Clar'.  .     ; 

.  Rob'  de  Inlula  tz'2  hyd'  trae  de  hon'^Britan' p  fotag'  Rad*  fii'  Fulcon 
tz  40  acr'  tra;   ibidem  de  hon'  Britan'  p  focag*  idem  p.ad''  dz    cf 
aux'  vie'  per  aftn'  lod. — Et  idem  Rad'  et  Joints  fil'.  Hch'  tz'i  hyd' 
■tra*geld'.     lit  Templar'  et  W's  PikoT:  tz  3   hyd'  trie  ripn.^eld'et 
n'uMa  fefla  debetcr  in  VVilbiirham.  ,     -'■-'-■/■.; 

Comitiffa  Oxon.  tz  feod.    i    mil'  de  hon'  de  Clar^  'ef 'nulP  reddit 
fcurag'.   IbiderrVdz  Ws  fil'  Mayerni   i  feft'  Gaif  ad'Fordhm   i 
Swaffham,    {      fed'  iMartin  le  Blund-  dz  i    fed'  et  Rich  Birt  et  ppes  fui  1    left' 
Ibidem  debent  de  aux'  vie'  7s.  lod.  per  ann'     Ibidem  fynt  iq  .hyU- 
geld'—Clar'.:  ,  '  •'  "     "'     \  ^ 

.Hug'  de'^Crawdene  ti  feod.    i   mil'  de  feod.  Harnon  Peche,  et  tz  1  ^. 
hyd'— idm  Hug'  dz  i  fed'  ct  de  aux'  vie'  per  ann.  izd.    B.  Ibidem 
Eborard   le  Franceys  dz  1  fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'  i2d.  per  ann'  et  tz  c 
hyd'  B; — Ibidem  jobs  fil'  Bald,  dz  i  fed'  et  de  aux'   vie'  'zt  .pcr- 
anh'— Clar'.-^lbidem  Herbert'  de    Alenchum  tz  in  SwaiTh,  Carlet,'. 
Balclh'  ct  Bad  bur  Jr  feod.  i  ^  mil*  de  feod.  Hard'  de  Seal'  Id'm  dz  i 
fed'  deaux*  vie"  i8d.  per  ann'.     Ibidem  iunt  7  hyd'  tne  geld'  et  3^ 
de  libfoEiienS'Clar'. 


Wilburham 
RegiSj 


Alia 
SwafFhm, 


■'  Hundred,  de  Fkmedich.^ 


Teverfliam, 


Fulburn, 


Hinton, 


"Ws  de  Warbleton  tz  3  i  hyd'  de  hon'  Rich' Tbm  War'^oi'd^fer'; 

neffe  et  Rad'Matefreys  tz  i  hyd'  et  i  v  rg'  tra»  grid'  de  hon'  Rch'- 
et  dz  I  fed.  et  de  aux'  vie.  2od.  — Tbidi  n  Rob"'de  la  Marcer  tz  ' 
•1  hyd'  trse  geld'  de  epo  Eliens.  et  dz  i  fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'  6d.-      "^ 
iciis  de  Bello  Campo  jz  feod.  f  de   ^fio  rege  in  capite,  et  dz  i   fed' 
et  de  aux'  vie'  ^%.  et  tz  4  hyd'  trs  geld. — Ibidem  Rob'  de  Manets  t? 
de  epo  Eli  et  folebat  faeere  fed'  et  dz  aux'  vid'  2S.  lod.  '  t  tz  3  hvd*' 
quce  folebant  ef!*c  geld'. — Ihidem  Rog'  ta  Zuche  tz  per  ibcng'f  r  dz 
deaux'  Vic'  i  marc'  de  hon'  Rich'.    Ibidem  W's  fil''W'areil'  tz  fVnd, 


—    _  .^ 

mil'  de  com'  Eflex.  Hamon  Pailelowe  tz  4  hyd'  non  geld'  de  coiruc' 

Marefcallo  per  focag'. 
f  Alan  de  NeuiU  tz  feod.'  i    mil.  de  hon'  Rich'— Tbm  Jobs  fil'  Hm'  tz 
\     feod.  t  mil'  de  hoa'  Uich' — tota  villa  dz  1  fed'  et  de  aux'  vie'  is. 


M 


APPENDIX    TO    TffEHISTORt 


N°  XVIL 

The  Twentieth  Part  upon  all  Ecclefiaftical  Revenues,  which  was 
granted  to  King  Edward  the  Firlt  by  the  Pope,   and  affefled 
:  by  Walter  Biiliop  of  Norwich,   was  colIecSled  by  the  Prior  of 
Barnwell,  and  is  as  follows  :  ' 


Decanatus  de  Wifebeche.  Value 

Ecc'  de  Leveiington,  cum  vicar.  .So  marc 

Neuton,  cum  vicar.  35  ni- 

Ecc'  deTiJ.  5--  m. 

Eim,  cum  capella  de  Emenethe  60  m. 

Wyfebeche  S'^  ™« 

Vicaria  de  eadem  10  m. 

Vicaria  de  Elm-  ■       , ,  ia.m. 


Decan  de  Ely. 


Wytlefeye  St.  Andr' 

St.  Maris 

Chateriz 

Dodingtone 

Straham 

Dunham 

Wycheford 

Emtone 

Wycham 

Wynteworthc 

Littlcport 

Mephale 

Coveneye 

Hadenham 

Sta;  Marie  dc  Ely 

\Vilbertone 


Omnium  Storvitn  ad  Caftrum 

Ecc'  Sti  Egidli 

Sti  Petri  ad'paftruM,. 


n  'i'jjt   I  ib  .hlfca 


IllUi  tiKi 


I- 'rlblJI  'nc' 


.b3> 


■.2:. 


15  m. 
20  m. 
20  m, 
50  m. 
,  .;     ao  m. 

lit  tuvr  ■■     .  ;' 

jT  ^    ao  in, 

'  .      15  m. 

,  j8  m. 

20  m. 

15  m. 

15  m. 

4  m. 

6  m. 

60  m. 

75  m- 

, ,       20  ra. 


Decan'  de  Canteb'. 


Viceflima 

4  marc 
22s.  4d. 

2  t  ni. 

3  m- 

2S. 


I  m* 


8s. 


10s. 

I  m. 

I  m. 
2  I  m. 
20s. 

I  ou 
iqs. 
lis. 

I  m. 
10s. 

I  OS. 

32d. 
4s. 

3  m. 
5s. 


.a 


5  m.        4odr  5|, 
rod 'Jb 'i?9f^' !  'T'P'^- 


uinv;v/fl 


\  ■' 


»  This  tax  was'^granted  anno  i2!;4,  as  appears  by  Annales  Monaft.  Burton,  p.  j6e. ;  Ed. 
N,  B.    The  year  i2S4,v\'as  the  jSth  of  Henry  ill.— Q;.  Was  it  aot  {255  ? 


Gsic, 


OF    BARN  WELL    ABBEY. 


ifi 


Value 


S?i  dementis  cum  Vicarla 

Sti  Sepulchri  , 

Om  Storum  juxta  hofpitalc 

Sti  Michaelis 

Sta^  Mari3C 

Sti  Edwardl 

Sti  Jotinis 

Sti  Botulfii 

Sti  Benedifti 

Sti  Petri  aB  Portatrj 

Sti  Andrese 

Sti  Trinitatis 

Vicaria  ejufdem 

Capella  Sti  Andres  de  Bernewelle 

Sti  Vigoris  dc  Fulburn 

Vicaria  ejufdem  ,      .x 

Porcio  Prioris  de  Penfend 

Capella  Sti  Eadmundi  in  eadens 

O'ium  Storum  de  Fulburn  ^ 

Hintone 

Teverfham 

Dittone 

Herningefheye 

Vicaria  ejufdem 

Vicaria  de  Hintone 

Abbiffa  de  Berkinge  habet  m.  capella  Sti  7 

Decanat.  de 


ViceiTima 

,4 


Eadmundi  de  Fulburn 


Hokitone 

Prior  de  Bernw.  in  eadem 

O'ium  Storum  de  Stantone 

Sti  Michaelis  de  Stantone 

Wyvelingham 

Cotenham 

Prior  de  Bernw.  in  eadem 

AbBas  CroyelandicE 

Sti  Andreae  de  Hyilone 

Prior  de  Hake  in  eadem 

Prior  de  Bernw.  in  eadem 

Stse  Etheldrede  de  Hyllon 

Abbas  de  Eynlham  in  eadem 

Ecca  de  Drayton 

Abbas  CroylandiiC  in  eadem 


7  ra. 

4s.  ou. 

I  m. 

5d. 

40  sT"'" 

'■'iiyr 

2  m. 

i6d. 

12  m. 

8s. 

3  "^■• 

2S. 

50s. 

3od. 

b  m. 

5s.  4d.. 

&  m. 

■  53-  4d- 

6  m. 

4s. 

5  m- 

4od. 

203. 

i2d. 

lOS. 

6d. 

I2S. 

7d.  i 

jjl  m. 

115.  8d^ 

20s. 

I2d. 

5  ri''' 

4od. 

2  m. 

i.6d. 

40  m.  ' 

2  in. 

30  m. 

20s. 

25  m. 

-  17s.-  '"" 

30  m. 

2CS. 

25  §  m. 

17s. 

20s. 

i2d. 

4s. 

2S. 

4  m. 

32d. 

Ceflertone. 

20  m. 

I  m. 

2  m. 

i6d. 

22  m. 

15s 

10  ni. 

tm. 

2Z  m. 

14s.   8di 

33  m.  ■• 

22s. 

15s. 

^d. 

I  m. 

8d. 

16  m. 

10s.  8d; 

2  m. 

i6d. 

2  m. 

i6d. 

20  m. 

1  m. 

4  m. 

33d- 

25  m. 

1 6s.  8d. 

1  m. 

U. 

H  h 


Overjj 


4i 


APPENDIX 


Overy 

Abbas  de  Ramefeye  in  ead. 

Maddingele 

Grettone 

Abbas  de  Ramefeye  in  eadem 

Impetone 

Prior  de  Ely  in  eadem 

Ramptone 

Prior  de  Bernw.  in  eadem  ' 

Landbeche 

Prior  de  Bermundifeya  in  eaa. 

Prior  de  Bernw.  in  ead. 

Ceftertone 


D 


Gravele 

Pappwrthe  Agn. 

Prior  de  Huntedon  in  ead. 

Pappwrthe  Everard 

Prior  de  Svvavefey  in  ead. 

Coningtone 

Fendraytone 

Swavefheye 

Vicaria  ejufdem 

Bokefwrthe 

Lollefwrthe 

Prior  de  Bernv/.  in  eadem 

Cnapwell 

Elelwrthe 

Prior  de  Sto  Yvonis  in  ead, 

Childerle  major 

— rninor 

Abbas  de  Kaniefeye  in  Gravele 
Idem  ;  bbas  in  EU'efwrthe  ' 
Icem  aobas  in  Cnapwell 


.2:10 


Garrenegeye 

l-,u..^e.hatiele 

Prior  de  Bernw.  in  eadem 

C)t>xtone 

CiXtone 

Swwe  cum  vicar. 


<T0    THE    HISTORY 

Value 

Viceffima 

25  m. 

16s.  8d. 

I  m. 

8d. 

15  m. 

.  10s. 

25  t  m« 

i8s.  4d. 

2  t  m. 

2cd. 

18  m. 

I2S. 

20s. 

i2d. 

ID  m. 

|m. 

3  "1- 

2S. 

.10  m. 

im. 

IDS. 

6d. 

20s. 

i2d. 

5  m. 

2I  m. 

t.  * 

lecant.  dc  Knapwell. 

I 

10  m. 

i  m. 

I  COS. 

5S. 

V  4  m. 

3  2d. 

^  m.  4cd. 

4  rn.  lod 

20s. 

i2d. 

lOOS. 

55- 

8  m. 

5s.  4d. 

20  m. 

1  m. 

IOCS. 

5s- 

20  m. 

I  m. 

lOOS. 

5s. 

3  ni« 

2S. 

•n^JbJ  ib  .Jtriro-  ■  6  m. 

45. 

:;                       22  1  m. 

15s. 

10  m. 

i  m. 

9  m. 

6s. 

20s. 

i2d. 

4  m. 

32d. 

10  m. 

1  m.  ■ 

40s. 

2S.  , 

Dccan.  de  Brunne. 

•         ... 

23  m. 

15s.  4d. 

4  m. 

32d. 

t  m. 

8d. 

15  m. 

IDS. 

15  m. 

I  OS. 

17  m. 

IIS. 

Eltclle 


OF    BARNWELL 


Eltefle 

Brunne 

Cald-'cote 

Grantedene 

Kingftone 

Prior  de  Bernw.  in  ead. 

Everldone  Parva 

Prioriffa  de  Markeyate  in  ead, 

Everfdone  Magiu 

Ecc'a  de  Toft 

Prior  de  Swavefeye  in  ead. 

de  Bjrnw.  in  cerris 

Herdwyc 


Decanat.  de  Bertone. 


Ecc'a  de  Bertone 
Prior  de  Bernw.  in  ead. 
Stapelford 
Scelford  Magna 


Parva 


Trippelawe  ': 

Fulaiere 

Vicaria  ejufdem 

Foxtone 

Scepreeye 

Harleftone 

Barentone 

Malketone 

Grantefete 

Prior  de  Sco  Neoto  in  ead. 

Cotes  _  . 

Prior  de  Bernw.  in  ead. 

Aringtone  cum  decimis  de  Sees 

Orwell 

Abbas  de  Sees  in  ead. 

Hafelingfeld  cum  laico  tenemento 

Prior  de  Bernw.  in  eadem 

Wynepol 

Vicaria  ejufdem 

Prior  de  Swavefeye  in  ea3 

Prior  de  Bernw.  in  ead: 

Harletone 

Prior  de  Longa  Y't\\gi 


ABBEY. 

Value 

Viceffirna 

21  m. 

14s. 

2%  m. 

18s.  8d, 

5  "!• 

4cd. 

20  m. 

1  m. 

8  m. 

5  s.  4d. 

3  m. 

2S. 

6  m. 

4s. 

5  r"» 

400. 

15  m. 

I  OS. 

8  m. 

5S.  4d. 

i  m. 

8d. 

3  m. 

2S. 

I2r  m. 

8s. 

20  m. 

I  m. 

4S. 

2d.i 

15  m. 

I  OS. 

36  m. 

24s,    ■             ; 

14  m. 

9s.  4d; 

50  m. 

2  m.  1 

36  m. 

24s. 

6  m. 

4S- 

S  ni" 

2  |m. 

15  m. 

I  OS. 

12  m. 

8s. 

64  m. 

3  m. 32d. 

4  m. 

32d, 

14  m. 

9s.  4d. 

20s. 

1 2d. 

loos. 

5s- 

4s. 

2d.  1 1  farthing 

13  m. 

8s.  8d. 

12  m, 

8s. 

20s. 

1 2d. 

60  m. 

3  m. 

I  m. 

8d. 

24  m. 

1 6s. 

4  m. 

3  2d. 

20s. 

i2d. 

I  OS, 

6d. 

9  m. 

6s, 

20s. 

1 2d. 

«2 


U  h  a 


ld«ni 


en 


APPENDIX    TO    THE    HI  S  T-O  R  Y 


Idem  Prior  in  penc'one 

•Ciimbertone 

Trumpitone 

Vicaria  cjufdem 

Ab.  de  Sto  Albano 

Prior  de  Lewes 

Prior  de  Berneweile 

Prior  cie  Ijiiremedwe  in  terris 

Haukiflone  et  capella  de  Neutonc 

Porcio  Prioris  de  Ely 

Vicaria  de  eacf. 


Decan'  de  Scenegeye. 


Meldeburnc 

Melree 

Vicar,  ejufdem 

Waddone 

Prior  de  Lewes  in  ead.  - 

Abbas  de  Laucfidene  in  tempOfaliti 

Wendeye  templariorum 

Templarii  in  ead 

Baffingbuine  cum  fuis  capeffiij  '' 

Vicaria  ejufdem  '    '      ' 

Prior  de  Rumburk    ',,  '      -' 

Litlington  J         '"' 

Abbas  de  Eynefliaiji  Hi  ead; 

Stepelmorden  currt  capellis 

Schenegey  holpitalis 

Abbinggeton 

Thadelawe 

Cloptone 

Crawedene 

Vicaria  ejufdem 

Hattele 

Gildcne  Morden 

Vicaria  eJLifct 

Canonici  de  NovdLoco  intempltiz 

i'nor  de  Ware  in  ^tclree  in  templliz 


1 


AjS 


.PCS 


Value 

Viceffima 

20S. 

izd. 

12   m. 

8s. 

20  m. 

I  m. 

10  m. 

t  m. 

5  '"• 

40  d. 

5  m- 

4od, 

lOS. 

6d. 

5  m. 

4d. 

15  m. 

IDS. 

10  m. 

I  m. 

5  !"• 

4od. 

ye. 
6i  m. 

41  d.  n-iidakc. 

30  m. 

20s. 

5  m. 

40s.  qry  4od, 

30  m- 

20s. 

55s. 

3  3d. 

5  m. 

4od, 

29  m. 

ic,s.  4d. 

ID  m. 

t  m. 

120  m. 

6  m.    ■ 

20s. 

1 2d. 

5  ni- 

4od. 

30m. 

20s. 

45s. 

2  yd. 

loom. 

5m. 

15m. 

10s. 

IOCS. 

5s. 

15  m. 

IDS. 

1 2  m . 

■^8-       ' 

15-mi 

I  OS. 

4  m. 

3^2d. 

lOOS. 

5S^'^' 

40m. 

2  m. 

2©S. 

1 2d. 

50s. 

3d-         ..    ■    . 

lom. 

.hb 


■  n 


Dccaaaf 


OFBARNWELL    ABBEY. 


6j 


Decacat'  de  Habitone. 


YkelingtOB 
Abbas  de  Sautre 
Hofpitalis  de  Neuporte 
Abbas  de  Derham 
Prior  de  Monte  Mokelin 
Hinkftone 

Dokefworthe  Sti  Petri 
Dokefworthe  Sti  Joliis 
Witlestord 
Sauftone 

Abbas  Greftingae 

Pampef«vorthe 

Precentor  de  Ely 

Prec.  de  Bemweitd 

Abbas  de  Walijiam 

Badburham 

Abbas  de  Sautre  in  templbz 

Prior  de  Hatfeld  in  templCz 

Abitone  Mag. 

Prior  de  Hatfield  reg. 

Abbitone  Parva 

Abbas  de  Waltham  in  eaS 

Idem  Abbas  in  Badburham 

Prior  de  Rumburgo 

Hildrifliam 

prior  de  Hatfeld  reg. 

Lintone 

Prior  de  Swavefeye 

Prior  de  Rumburgo 

Prior  Monachorum  de  Thetford 

Berclawe 

Prior  de  Ykeworthe 

Schudecampes 

Wykham 

Quidam  nomine  prions  de  Linton 

Frcs  holpitalis  de  Ncuport 

Horleye 

Caumpes  Magna 

2-rior  de  Hatteld  reg. 

Prior  de  Hake  in  ecca  de  Wykham 


Value. 

Viceffima. 

20  m. 

I  m. 

IOCS. 

s^-     ,    , 

2S. 

id.  i  fartl 

1 00s. 

5s. 

IOCS, 

5s. 

12  m. 

3s. 

18  m. 

I2S, 

16  m. 

IDS.  8d, 

25  m. 

i6s.  8d. 

20  m. 

I  ra. 

18  m. 

I2S, 

12  m. 

Ss, 

50s. 

3od. 

22s. 

13d.  5 

lOS. 

6d. 

25  m. 

16s.  3d, 

61. 

6s. 

60s. 

35- 

10  m. 

i  m. 

5  m. 

4od. 

9  m. 

6s. 

17s. 

I  od.  I- 

81.- 

8s. 

4  m. 

32d. 

12  m. 

8s. 

4  m. 

3  2d. 

20  m. 

I  m. 

18s. 

lod.  s 

3  m. 

2S. 

4  m. 

32d. 

I  COS. 

5*- 

3I  m. 

28d. 

16  m. 

IDS.  8d. 

18  m. 

IZS. 

6  m. 

4s. 

3S. 

id.J 

15  m. 

I  OS. 

12  m. 

8s. 

8  m. 

5s.  4d. 

6  m. 

4s. 

Dccanat» 


10 


APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 
Decanat'  de  "Wilburham. 


Value  VIcelTims 

12  m.  8s. 

Stowe  ,  cm.  4od. 

Trior  de  Bernw.  m  eaa  J  ^ 


2S, 

20s. 


Wilbiuham  P-irva 

I'rior  de  Hatfeld  "+    ' 

Wilburham  Magna  Templar  3°  »  ' 

Abbas  de  Monte  Sti  MichaeUs  40S.  2s. 

_        ,      ,  C!0   III.  ZUa» 

Botekeiam  ;;  ,-r,  .ic 

Porci.nrbi.deNuttele  ^m  4-  ^^ 

Canonici  de  Nuttele  /  ^ 

Prior  de  Longa  Villa  ^°°^;  {I  ^ 

Prior  de  Bernw.  ,* 

Prior  de  Tonebrig  ^^  5^;  J  ;„^ 
Swapham  Monial                                                                             ,^ 

Prior  de  Bernw.  J'    '  ^   ' 

Swapham  Sti  Cynci  -  ,  , 

Prior  de  Rumburg  in  ead.                    .  1°="             ' 

Swapham  Sfe  Man^  ^^^  ;j^  «^-^^ 

P"^'-  1^  1^'y  20  m.  I  m. 

Steyecheworde  ^^  ^_  ^  ^_ 

J^^^l'^S'^''"                                                     -  lom.  fm. 

W^«'^  10  m.  I  m. 

Bu'-g  .  10  m.  i  m. 


Brinkele  ■               4  m.  32d. 

V^dlingham       ^  ^  z  d.  i  farthing* 

Prior  de  Lewes  in  penlione  %  , 

_ ,       .        J  2  in.  luu. 

Idem  in  ead.  ^^  ^^^^ 

Carkton            _  ^                  j. 

Prior  de  Lewes  in  ead  .            ,t.       ^  1  „„„ 

Idem  Prior  in  Carleton  et  WlUlngham  m  lemplBz     3o\.  3°  • 

Wertone  '5'"-  '°'- 


Prior  de  Lewes  in  ead:  5  i  •         ^^ 

Idem  Prior  in  penfione  3 

^11  mi.  OQ 

Prior  de  Hatfield  reg. 

Wrattinge  ^ 

Balefham  ^  o„ 

Wendene  Magn.  in  Dioc'  Lond'  i^  m.        ob. 


5  m.         4od. 

3od         id.  i 

10s.         6d. 

20  m.         I  m; 

2  m. 


?0p< 


OFBARNWELLABBEY,  71 

Pope  Gregory  taxed  the  Univerfal  Church  with  a  15th  for  the  fubfidium  terr;o 
faiidlae,  or  aid  towards  a  Crufade.  In  1275  ',  after  the  Council  of  Lyons,  this  was 
levied  by  Mailer  Revmund  de  Nogeriis  and  Frier  John  de  Erlington,  according  to  the 
true  value.  At  which  time  the  fpiricuals  and  temporals  of  the  priory  of  Ham  well 
were  taxed  at  500  marcs  per  ann',  the  loth  of  which  was  50  marcs,  and  the  whole 
loth,  for  6  years,  300  marcs;  and  yet  thisPcffie  died  before  three  years. 

•  Chron.  Tho,  Wikes,  p.  103. 


rO 


.  N     XVIII. 

The  Example  of  Abbot  Stancsfield  (fee  p.  51.),  may  be  pur- 
ralleled  by  a  parifli  prieft  lince  the  Reformation,  whofe  EpitapU 
in  Ubbefton  Church  in  Suffolk,  runs  thus  : 

To  the  Memory  of  the 

Rev.  Mr.  George  Jones,  who  was  a  minifter  of  God's  word  i« 

this  place  for  40  years  (wanting  but  5  months :) 

He  was  a  diligent  and  faithful  laborer  in  God's 

Vineyard,  I'paring  no  pains  nor  Ihrinking 

back  at  any  difficulty,  as  appeared  in  this 

inflance,  that  when  he  could  neither  go 

nor  ftand  without  help,  he  was  then 

carried  by  two  in  his  chair  from 

his  own  door  to  his  chariot,  and  likewife  fo  to 

church,  where  again  by  two  he  was  conduded 

to  the  delk,  where  he  did  read  divine  fervice, 

preach  twice  the  fame  day,  and 
perform  the  whole  of  the  facred  fundlions, 
and  this  not  for  once  or  twice,  but  for  many  days, 
under  great  weaknefs  and  indifpolition  of  body. 

He  was  eminently  pious  and  very  greatly  *     ' 

learned,  though  it  was  much  veiled  by  his 
modefly  and  humility,  yet  did  fhine  through 
it,  to  the  obfervation  of  thofe  who  were 
capable  Judges. 
Obiit,  Jul.  15,  1704,  2t.  75. 
Mrs.  Jane  Jones  his  reliifl,  Ap.  9,  1705,  aged  74, 
2  Sam,  i.  23.    Col.  iii,  4. 


A 


FlakJl-p  fS. 


i    73    1 


S  T  U  R  B  R  I  D  G  E       FAIR, 


Is  kept  near  half  a"  mile  eaft  of  Barnwell,  on  a  fpot  anticntly 
called  Sterefbrigg  *,  from  the  little  river  Stere^  or  Sture^ 
that  runs  by  it^  and  not,  as  Mr.  Blomefield  f  fays,  from  the  toll 
paid  for  all  young  cattle  or  fleers  that  pnffed  over  the  bridge  ; 
for  the  name  was  prior  to  the  hofpital  and  chapel  to  which  that 
toll  was  granted. 

There  have  been  many  fdly  guefles  made  at  the  name  and 
original  of  this  fair  to  pleafe  the  curiofity  of  the  ruiticks  reforting 
to  it,  but  fcarce  a  fiUier  than  that  of  Thomas  Fuller,  in  his  Hiftory 
of  the  Univerfity,  p.  66,  concerning  the  Clothier  of  Kendal. 

But  we  find  in  the  Certificatorium  %  returned  upon  inqueft  to 
king  Edward  the  Firft,  that  king  John  granted  this  fair  for  the 
benefit  of  the  Hofpital   of  Lepers  §   which   flood  there.      "  Ad 

*  Camden's  Britannia  in  Cambridge  ;  Layer's  MS.  Hiftory  of  Cambridgefhire. 

•\  Colledt.  Cantab,  p.  1 7 1 . 

\  Ex  rotulis  Hundred,  pro  comitatu  Cantab,  in  arce  London.  See  Appendix, 
N°  I.':  8  Edw.  L  Hofpitale  de  Sturbridge  vocatum  domus  Leproforum  ibidem. — 
Didtum  hofpitale  alienatum  eft  infra  30  an.  temp.  Hen.  III.  Feria  ad  feftum 
exaltationis  crucis — conceffa  didV'  hofpit'  in  fuften'  per  Joh'  reg'.  Hofpitale  de 
Stereiburgh  :  eft  ibi  hofpitalarius  ex  collacoe  epi  Elien'.  Noia  patronor'  eccl'  El' 
dice',  Capella  de  Stereft)rigge  valet  x  marc' non  taxatur,  1402.     Reg.  Fordham, 

f-  1,37- 

§  The  council  of  Lateran  had  decreed,  that  lepers  fliould  have  their  own  fe-i 
parate  chapel,  cemeter)',  and  minifter,  whenever  they  were  fufficiently  numerous 
to  afford  it,  without  detriment  to  the  antient  churches.  This  was  confirmed  by 
Hubert  archbiftiop  of  Canterbury  in  a  council  at  London,  A .  D.  1200.  He 
decreed,  that  they  might  be  exempted  from  payment  of  tithes  of  tjicir  gardens, 
and  de  nutrimcntis  aniinaliiim  raifed  for  their  food.  V.  Decretum  Hub'erti  epi  Cant' 
in  Concil.  Joh,  Spclman,  Tom.  II.  p.  507. 

I  i  "  diaum 


74 


HISTORY    A  N  D:  :  A  >J  T  I  CLU  I  T  I  E  S 


*'  di£lum  hofpitale  pertinet  quaedam  feria  ad  feftum  exaitadonis 
"  crucis  quae  durat  in  vigilia  fandae  crucis  ceu  die  f^ndns  crucis 
**  fequente  infra  claufum  cum  pertinent.  Ad  di6l.  hofpitale, 
"  quam  quidam  fcriam  dominus  Johannes  rex  predeceffor  domini 
*'  regis  qui  nunc  ei\  leprofis  in  didlo  hofpitaU  commorantibus 
"  ad  eorum  fuftentationem  conceffit." 

This  hofpital  for  lepers  was  dedicated  to  St.  Mary  Magdalen, 
and  was  before  1245  in  the  difpofal  of  the  burgeffes  of  Cam- 
bridge till  about  that  year,  when  we  find  Hugh  de  Northwold 
bidiop  of  Ely  unjuftly  got  the  patronage  of  it-,  which  was 
enjoyed  by  his  fucceflbrs,  who  collated  the  mailer  or  warden  till 
the  fuppreflion  ■f. 

In  the  certificatorium  we  are  told,  that  the  "  cuflos  hofpitalis 
"  tenet  24  acras  terroe  Sz.  dimid.  in  campo  Cantabrigienfi  ad  fuf- 
*'  tinend.  ibid.  Leprofos  ilcut  de  jure  debet  8c  confuevit."  The 
townfmen  there  alfo,  being  the  inquifitors,  certify,  that  the  ad- 
vowfon  of  this  hofpital  was  by  right  theirs ;  but  that  Hugh  Nor  wold, 
bifhop  of  Ely,  had  invaded  their  right  in  Henry  the  Third's  time, 
about  I  245. 

Leland,  from  the  Liber  Eernwellenfis  coenobii,  has  "  Fra- 
'^  tres  de  Sterebrige  ubi  nunc  domus  vetus  eo  loco  ubi  nunc 
"  pars  fori  lanarii,  Angl.  ti/e  Duddery  ^." 

In  Edward  the  Third's  time  there  was  a  commiffion  "  ad  in- 
"  quirend.  de  terris  &  libertatibus  ad  capell.  de  Sterefbrigg  per- 
"  tinent  jj."  Which  chapel,  fays  Mr.  Layer,  I  reckon,  was  the 
fame  that  now  remains,  and  is  only  ufed  to  lay  lumber  of 
the  fair  in,  and  inftead  of  a  tipling  booth  in  the  time  of  the 
fair. 

*  Appendix  I. 

f  Tanner,  Not.  Mon.  48. 

§  Collccl.  I.  444. 

f)  Hare's  Colleft.  vol.  III.  fol.  ^^,    See  Appendix  \% 


■  \ 
:    1 


c?^.q    ,  Thi^ 


cl  ;iO  F    S  T  U  Jl.  B,  R  I  D  G  E.,  F.;A  I  ,R. ,  7^^ 

This  chapel  is  ftill  ftanding  near  the  Paper-mills,  and  is  iilbd 
as    a   vidlualling-houfe   in  time  of   the    fair,    and    their   bury.- 
ing- place  was  near  the  place  nou--  called  Coldhams^  where  'tis  fiip-^ . 
poled   fome    houfes    formerly    flood,    from   the    antient   bricks 
often  there  found. 

14  Henry  IV.  the  warden   recovered   from   the   bailiffs   the 
ftallage  of  things  on  the  land  called  Cbapel-yard"^^  \   by  which  it 
Ihould  Teem  that  even  before  the  delecration  of  the  chapel,  its- 
yard  was  occupied  by  the  people  of  the  fair. 

Fordham  bifhop  of  Ely  granted  40  days  indulgence,  1390, 
to  all  who  affifted  in  the  repairs  of  this  chapel. 

The  following  inftitutions  to  this  chapel  are  taken  from  the  ■, 
bidiop  of  Ely's  regitlers  f . 

In  1 391  Robert  T'akell^  then  cuftos,  died,  and  bifliop  Fordham 
collated  Jo-6/;  Mif//^/c/,  LL.  B.  and  in  1390  that  bilhop  granted 
an  indulgence  of  40  days  pardon  to  all  who  extended  their 
charitable  benevolence  to  this  hofpital. 

Metfeld  refigned  it  \o  Robert  Flatten  and  he,  1 391,  exchanged 
it  for  Waldenewton  in  Winchefter  diocefe,  with  T'bomas  de  Pattejle\ 
who  refigned  it  the  fame  year ;  and  Metfeld  had  it  again ; 
and  after  refigned  it  to  "jobn  JVinkeperie ;  who,  in  1395,  refigned  ; 
and  Metfeld  had  it  a  third  time,  and  refigned  it  to  Platte  in 
1402;  and  in  1403  Metfeld  had  it  once  more  on  Flatte's  refig- 
nation  ;  and  in  1407  exchanged  it  again  with  William  Wynwegb 
for  the  cuftody  of  the  free  chapel  of  St.  Radegund  in  the  Arches 
under  St.  Paul's,  London.  He  exchanged  it  with  William  Waltbam ; 
who  refigned  it,  1408,  to  Metfeld  again. 

In  1^11  Jobn  Arundel  was  cuftos ;  and  at  the  diflblution 
Cbrijlopher  Fulvebye^  who  was  living  1553,  and  received  a  yearly 
penfion  of  ;^6o.  out  of  the  revenues,  which  was  referved  to  him. 
for  life. 

*  Reg.  Fordham  epi  Elienf.  fol.  228.  cited  by  Tanner  ubi  fup. 
•f-  See  Appendix  III. 

I  i  a  This 


76  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

This  chapel  is  in  the  bounds  of  the  parifli  of  Barnwell.  The 
profits  of  the  holpital  were  firft  leafed  1497  for  99  years  to  the 
corporation  of  Cambridge ;  and  in  1545  they  obtained  another 
leafe  for  60  years  of  Henry  VIII. ;  but  in  1605,  4  James  I. 
they  were  granted  by  James  I.  to  John  Shelbury  and  Philip 
Chewte,  gentlemen  *. 

Arundel  biHiop  of  Ely  changed  the  day  of  the  dedication  of 
Trinitv  Church,  Cambridge,  to  the  ninth  of  Odlober,  becaufe 
the  bufmefs  of  this  fair  interfered  with  it  -j-. 

The  original  charter  for  this  fair  does  not  appear. 
From   a   charter  granted   30   Henry  VIIL   it  appears  that  the 
magilf  rates  and  corporation  of  Cambri<ige.  Obtained  a  frefh  grant 
of  this  fdir,  in  confideration  of  1000  marks  by  them  paid  to  the^ 
king,  who  refuned  the  former  grant.      See  Appendix  V.      This 
charter  was  confirmed  by  Elizabeth,  a   r.  32.     In  it  are  fpecified' 
the  different  quarters   o-f  the  fair'  affigned  to  the  feveral  trades 
and  dealers  from  the  plan.      See  Appendix  VI. 

hi  a  controverfy  between  the  pi-ior  and  convent  of  Barnwell, 
and  the  mayor,  biu'geffes,  and  commonalty  of  Cambridge,  con- 
cerning Sturbridge  Fair,  Sec.  and  the  matters  in  difference  being- 
referre-d  to  an  avvarv_i=,  it  was  ordered,  among  other  things,  the 
20th  of  Aug.  8  HenryVlII.  - 

That,  the  mayor,  burgefies,  8>:c.  for  evermore,  fliall  have, 
hold,  and  in  joy  e,  keep  and  maintain  the  fair,  called  Sturbridge 
Fair,  as  well  within  the  faid  town  of  Barneweli,  &c.  as  in  all 
o^her  lands  and  fields  of  the  faid  prior  and  ^convent,  lying  on  the 
calt  between  the  faid  monaftery  and  towii  ol:  Barnewxilj,  and  a 
bridge  called  Sturbridge,  from  the  fealt  of  St.  Bartholomew  unto 
the  fealt  of  St.  Michael  in  .September ;  and^tbat  they  and  their 
farmers- might,  without  let  or  malcftation  of  the  faid  prior  and 

.-nil  ■. 
*  Blomcfielcl,  CoU,  Cantab,  p.  171,  172.  f  See  Appendix  IV. 

convent. 


OF    STURBRIDGE    FAIR.  77 

convent,  build  ftalls,  fhops,  &c.  the  mayor,  8cc.  throwing 
clown  all  banks,  chimneys,  Sic.  -within  four  clays  after  Michael- 
nifeis,  and  provided,  that  all  fuch  farmers  of  any  houfe  or  fhop 
letten  by  the  prior  aniF  convent  fhould  pay  but  one  fhilling  by 
the  year  to  the  mayor,  &c.  for  his  and  their  houfe  and  lliop. 

Queen  Eliz:  31  regni  fui,  granted  to  the  mayor'  and  com- 
monalty of  Cambridge,  Sturbridgc  Fair,  and  the  power  of 
building  and  difpofing  of  booths  in  the  fame,  as  isihere  men- 
tioned -. 

The  proclamation  f  is  to  be  in  Vigilia  Nativ.  B:  Virginis,  and 
tc  be  finilhed  before  11  o'clock  "  ante  horam  uridecimarri  tei-mi- 
netur."'  The  vigil  of  the  Nativity  of  -  the  Blefled  Virgin  is  the 
7th  of  September,  on  which  queen  Elizabeth  •  was  born,  which 
probiibly  was  the  reafon  of  her  fixing  it  to  that  day,,  it  being 
originally  on  the  vigil  of  Holy  Rood  Day-|*^-^'^   io  Jnyi 

The  vice-chancellor  §  has  the  fame  power  iri'  dais  fair  that  he 
has  in  the  town  of  Cambridge  in  all ' refpedlis'.  -  S'efe' Hare,'  vol.  II. 
p.  135  ;  Black  Book,  p.  81.  See  alfo  the  Prodor's  Book,  Hare, 
vol.  r.  p.  97.  7  Ric.  11.  The  fair  is  to  be  proclainied  by  the  vice- 
chancellor  and  mayor,  and  they  are  to  proclaim  firft'-*?*  alterrris' 
""vicibus  annuatim."  The  vice-chancellor  wtint  fifft  iri'the  3ifl: 
of  queen  Eliz.  Anno  1589.      The  odd  year.is  a'lways  his. 

His  power  over  the  weights  and  meafures-  was  granted'  by 
writ  7  Henry  v.  See  Appendix  VII.  And  duriiig  a  difpute 
btetw-een  the  univerfity  and  th^  city  of  London,  7  Henry  V.  this 
power,  with  that  of  keeping  the  peace,  was 'lodged  in  the  (lierifF; 
Appendix  VIII.  and  IX. 

The  heads  of  the  ■  univerfity 's  privileges  may  be  feen  in  A'p- 

pendix  X.      The  publjck  beam  for^^veighing  ©4*  hops  vaSwreco- 

•' *  From  a  MS.  belonging  to  Dr.  Parrri^ri''  i'-^'"-  ''.';- -'''^''-'i^-  ^^  'I""  ''^:-'""  "* 
•f-  Black  Book,  p.  83. 
+  Dr.  Richardfon's  MSS. 
§  Queen  Elizabeth's  Letters  Patent  in  the  31ft  year  of  her  reign.  , 

vered 


yS  II  I  S  T  O  II  Y     AND,  A;  N  T:  t  <^U  I  T  I  E  S 

vered  to  the  imiverrity  12  Charles.  II. ;,  having  been,  during  the 
civil  war,  ufurped, by  the  GorpQra,tion.      See  Appendix  XI. 

The  univeiiityis  always  to  have  ground  affigned  for  a  booth 
by  the  mayor  on  Bartholomew's  Day.  See  the  Queen's  Letters 
Patent  ubi  fypra  *. 

1525,  Robert  Braffie,  born  at  Bunburie  in  Chefliire,  vicar  of 
Prefcotr,  doflt^r  of  divinitie,  elected  the  1  3th  provofl:  the  3d  of . 
CKftober,  1556,  and  fo  remained  two  yeares,  who  being  vice- 
chancellor,  1558,  was  much  commended  for  his  witedome  in  with- 
Jftanding  the  heads  and  mailers  of  colleges  in  this  univerfitie  ; 
when,  as  they  had  all,  except,  him,  confented  and  concluded  to 
fell  all  their  wrightes  and  jurifdicSlions  in  Sturbridge  Faire,  to  the 
mayor,  bayliffes,  and  burgefles  of  the  towne  of  Cambridge.  He 
proteiled  openly  againil  the  pope's  vifitors  in  queen  Marie's  dayes  +. 

For  the  rent  of  certain  (hops  and  booths  here  granted  to  the 
mayor  and  burgefles  by  Philip  and  Mary,  See  Appendix  XI. 

The  tolls  payable  at  the  fair  may  be  feen  in  Appendix  XII. 

By  order  of  Rich.  II.  the  IherifF  was  to  apprehend  all  perfons 
who  broke  the  peace  in  Bernwell  fair,  whether  fcholars  or  townf- 
men.     Appendix  XIII.  ^^ 

The  curate  of  St.  Andrew's  the  Lefs,  commonly  called  Barn- 
well, is  alfo  the  Sturbridge  Fair  preacher,  of  which  hereafter. 

But  A.  D.  1 7 10,  a  difpute  arifing  between  the  corporation  of 
Cambridge,  and  the  patron  of  Barnwell,  concerning  the  right  of 
appointing  a  Sturbridge-Fair  preacher,  caufed  the  two  following 
Advertifements  to  be  publillied  : 

^^  September  xhQ  nth,  17 10. 
*'  WHEREAS  Mr.  Mayor  of  Cambridge  has  adually  this  year, 
*'  contrary  to  law,  ancient  ufage  and  culfom,  fet  up  an  unlicenfed 
"  preacher  at  Sturbridge  Fair,  in  oppofition  to  the  prelent  patron 

*  Black  Book,  p.  85. 

■f  From  Hatcher's  Lift  of  Provolls,  Fellows,  aad  Scholars,  of  King's  College,  &c. 

7  "  and 


OF    STURBRIDG'E  jT  A  I  R. 


'79 


<*  and  niiniftcr  of  Barnwell,   who  claim  the  tight  of  preaching 
**  there  by  immemorial  prelcription  : 

"  We,  the  patron  and  minil^er  thereof,  do  hereby  make  it 
**  known,  in  vindication  of  our  own  juft  rights,  and  thofe  of  the 
**  future  patrons  and  minifters  of  the  faid  parifli.  That  we  fhall 
"  deem  the  perfon  or  perfons,  who  have,  or  fliall  prefume,  in 
*'  oppofition  to  us,  to  preach  within  the  faid  parifli-bounds,  to 
*'  be  intruders  upon  our  privilege ;  and  that  we  will  ufe  all  law- 
"  ful  means  to  aflert  and  maintain  our  title  againft  all  fuch 
"  ufurpers  and  their  abettors." 

"  Cambr,  September  loth,  1711. 
**  WHEREAS  'tis  the  refolution  of  the  corporation  of  Cam- 
**  bridge,  againft  the  prefent  incumbent  of  Barnwell,  to  fet  up  a 
*'  preacher  in  Sturbridge  Fair ;  being  led  thereinto,  by  artificially 
*'  perfuading  Ibme  of  his  predecefTors  into  an  illegal  note,  againft 
**  the  patron,  his  clerks  and  fucceflbrs  in  the  faid  living :  And 
"  Sturbridge  Fair|being  in  the  parifh  of  Little  St.  Andrew's  Barn- 
*'  well,  and  the  minifters  thereof  have  (when  right  and  law  pre- 
*' vailed)  time  out  of  mind,  without  any  difturbance  (the  faid 
*'  corporation  of  Cambridge  finding  alwaies  a  pulpit)  performed 
.**  the  fervice  of  the  two  Lord's-days  during  the  faid  fair,  with 
**  their  congregation,  fervice-books,  veftments,  pulpit-ornaments, 
"  and  parifh-clark,  in  gratitude  for  the  colledion  that  hath  been 
."  there  alwaies  made,  for  the  better  fupport  of  themfelves  under 
*' their  fmall  parochial  income,  till  the  laft  year  17 10;  for 
**  which  intrufion,  then,  the  unwary  ufurper  was  cenfured  in 
■**'the  Biftiop's  ecclefiaftical  court:  Thefe  do  humbly  give  no- 
"  tice  to  the  gentlemen  of  the  fair,  that  the  pulpit  not  being 
*'  allowed  this  year  as  ufual,  and  it  not  being  known  foon  enough 
*'  to  provide  one,  the  fervice  of  the  next  Lord's  day,  during  this 

*'  prefent 


>  KISTOUYAND    ANTIQ^UItlES 

v».^  rpjrefent  fair^.vviU  be  pei.for  ned  in  the  parifh-chiirch,  morning 
"""  and  evening,  by  the  minilter  of  BamwelL     • 

*<  Will.  Piers." 
c    'Sturbriilge  Fair  is  fet  out  aiiniially-^an  St.  Bartholomew's   day 
■  by,  tlje-mayOT,.  aldermen,  and  the  reft  of  the  corporation  of  Cam- 
abridge/}  ay  ho 'all  ride  thither  in  a  grand  proceflion,:  wJith  mufic 
r|?lafing  before  them.,  and  moflof  the  boys  in  town  on  horfeback 
-ivfl^r  thejn,  vvho^  as  foon  as  the  ceremony  is  read  over,  ride  races 
..aboptiithe.plae^;,  when,,  returning  to  Cambridge,  each  boy  huS  a 
cake  and  fome  ale  at  the  town-hall r but  we  believe  that  old  cuftorti 
is  now  laid  afide.     On  the  feventh  of  September  they  ride  in 
the  fame   manner  , to  proclairn  it;    which   being  done,  the- fair 
>egins^  and  continues  three  ,\veeks,   thovigh  the  gre'4te£t  part  fe 
.over  in  a,  fortnight.  ; 

This  fair,  which  was  thought  fome  years  ago  io  be  the  greateft 
in  Europe,  is  kept  in  a  corn  field  about  half  a  mile  fquare,  hav- 
ing the  river  Cam  running  on  the  north  fide   thereof,  and  the 
rivulet  called  the  S^our  (from  which,  and  the  bridge  over  it,  the 
fair  received  its.  name)  on  the  eaft  fide;    and   it   is   about  two 
miles  eatt  of  Cambridge  market-place,  "where,  during  the  fair, 
coaches^  chaifes,.and  chariots,   attend  to  carry  perfons  to  the  fair. 
The  chief  diverfions  at  Sturbridge  are  drolls,  rope-dancing,  and 
fometimes   a  mulic-booth  ;    but  there   is  an  a6l  of  parliament 
\vhich  .prohibits  the  ailing  of  plays  within  ten  miles  of  Cambridge. 
If  the  field  on  which  the   fair   is  kept  is  not  cleared  of  the 
corn  by  the  twenty-fourth  of  Auguft,   the  builders  may  trample 
it  under  foot  to  build  their  booths ;   and  on  the  other  hand,  if  the 
fame  be  not  cleared  of  the;  booths  and  materials  belonging  thereto, 
by  Michaelmas-day  at  noon,   the  plow^men  may  enter  the  fame 
with  their  horfes,   plows,    and  carts,  and  deflroy  whatever  they 
find  on  the  premifes ;    as  for  the  filth,  dung,  iiraw,  &c.  left  be- 
I  hind 


OFSTURBRIDGEFAIU.  8r 

hind  by  the  fair-keepers.,  make  them  am.ends  for  their  trampling 
and  hardening  the  groimd. 

The  fliops  or  booths  are  built  in  rows  like  ftrcets,  having  each 
their  name,  as  Garlick-Row,  Bookfellers-Row,  Cook-Row,  Scc^ 
And  every  commodity  has  its  proper  place,  as  the  Cheere-fair,f 
Hop-fair,  Wool-fair,  Sec.  And  here,  as  in  feveral  other  ftreets 
or  rows,  are  all- forts  of  traders,  who  fell  by  wholefale  or  retail, 
as  goldfmiths,  toymen,  brafiers,  turners,  milliners,  haberdailiers, 
hatters,  mercers,  drapers,  pewterers,  China-warehoufes,  and,  in  a 
word,  moft  trades  that  can  be  found  in  London ;  from  whence 
many  of  them  come :  here  are  alfo  taverns,  coffee- houfes,  and 
eating-houfes  in  great  plenty,  and  all  kept  in  booths,  except  fix 
or  feven  brick  houfes  built  many  years  ago,  and  in  any  of  which 
(except  the  coffee-houfe  booth)  you  may  at  any  time  be  accom- 
modated with  hot  or  eolgl  roaft  goofc,  roait  or  boiled  pork,  8cc. 

Crofling  the  main  road,  at  the  fouth  end  of  Garlick-Row,  and 
a  little  to  the  left  hand,  is  a  great  fquare,  formed  of  the  largeft 
booths,  called  the  Duddery,  the  area  of  which  fquare  is  from  240 
to  300  feet,  chiefly  taken  up  with  woollen-drapers,  wholefale 
taylors.  and  fellers  of  fecond-hand  clothes,  &:c.  where  the  dealers 
l\ave,a  room  before  their  booths  to  take  down  and  open  their 
packs,  and  to  bring  in  waggons  to  load  and  unload  the  fame. 
In  the  centre  of  this  fquare  was  (till  within  thefe  three  years) 
erected  a  tall  maypole,  with  a  vane  at  the  top;  and  in  this 
fquare,  on  the  two  chief  Sundays  during  the  fivir,  both  forenoon 
and  afternoon,  divine  fervice  is  read,  and  a  fermon  preached 
from  a  pulpit  placed  in  the  open  air,  by  the  minifter  of  Barnwell, 
as  aforefaid,  who  is  very  well  paid  for  the  fame,  by  the  contri- 
bution of  the  fair-keepers. 

In.  this  duddery  only,  it  is  faid,  there  have  been  fold  1 00,000 1. 
worth  of  woollen  manutadures  in  lefs  than  a  week's  time ;  be- 
fides  the  prodigious  trade  carried  on  here  by  the  wholefale  taylors 

K  k  from 


«2  HISTORY    AND    ANTI  Q_U  I  T  I  E  S 

from  Lomlon,  and  molt  other  parrs  of  England;  who  tranfafb 
their  bnfineis  wholly  in  their  pocket  books,  and  meeting  here  their 
chapmen  from  all  parts,  make  up  their  accounts,  receive  money 
chiefly  ii>  bills,  and  take  further  orders.  Thefe,  they  fay,  exceed 
by  far  the  fale  of  goods  adually  brought  to  the  fair,  and  deli- 
vered in  kind ;  it  being  frequent  for  the  London  wholefale-men 
to  carry  back  orders  from  thrir  dealers  for  1 0,000 1  worth  of 
goods  a  man,  and  (bme  much  more.  And  once  in  this  duddery, 
it  is  faid,  there  was  a  booth,  confifting  of  fix  apartments,  all  be- 
longing to  a  dealer  in  Norwich  fluffs  only,  who  had  there  above 
20,000 1.  worth  of  thofe  goods. 

The  trade  for  wool,  hops,  and  leather,  here  is  prodigious  ; 
the  quantity  of  wool  only  fold  at  one  fair  is  faid  to  have  amounted 
to  50  or  60,000 1.  and  of  hops  very  little  lefs. 

September  14,  being  the  horfe-fair  day,  is  the  day  of  the- 
greateft  hurry,  when  it  is  almoffc  incredible  to  conceive  what 
number  of  people  there  are,  and  the  quantity  of  victuals  that  day 
confumed  by  them. 

During  the  fair,  Colchefter  oyfters,  and  white  herrings  juft 
coming  into  feafon,  are  in  great  requeft,  at  leaft  by  fuch  as  live  in 
the  inland  parts  of  the  kingdom ;  where  they  are  feldom  to  be 
had  frefli,  efpecially  the  latter. 

The  fair  is  like  a  well-governed  city,  and  lefs  diforder  and  con- 
fafion  tabe  feen  there  than  in  any  other  place  where  there  is  fo 
great  a  concourfe  of  people.  Here  is  a  court  of  juftice  always  open' 
from  morning  till  night,  where  the  mayor  of  Cambridge,  or  his 
deputy,  fits  as  judge ;  determining  all  controverfies  in  matters 
ariling  from  the  bufinefs  of  the  fair,  and  feeing  the  peace  thereof 
be  kept ;  for  which  purpofe  he  hath  eight  fervants,  called  Red- 
coats, attending  him  during  the  time  of  the  fair  and  other  public 
occafions  ;  one  or  other  of  which  are  conftantly  at  hand  in  moft 
parts  of  the  fair ;  and  if  any  difpute  arife  between  buyer  and 

fellerj 


OFSTURBRIDGEFAIR.  83 

feller,  Sec.  on  calling  out  'Red-coat^  you  have  inftantly  one  or  morc 
come  running  to  you;  and  if  the  difpute  is  not  quickly  decided,  the 
offender  is  carried  to  the  faid  court,  where  the  cafe  is  determined 
in  a  fummary  way  (as  is  pra6lifed  in  thofe  called  Pye  Powder 
court^  in  other  fairs),  from  which  fentence  there  lies  no  appeal. 

About  two  or  three  days  after  the  horfe-fair-day,  when  the 
hurry  of  the  wholefale  bufinefs  is  over,  the  country  gentry,  for 
about  ten  or  twelve  miles  round,  begin  to  come  in,  with  their 
fons  and  daughters  ;  and  though  diverfion  is  what  chiefly  brings 
them,  yet  it  is  not  a  little  money  they  lay  out  among  the  tradef- 
men,  toyfliops,  &:c.  belides  what  is  flung  away  to  fee  the  puppet- 
fliews,  drolls,  rope-dancing,  wild  beafts,  &c.  of  which  there  is 
commonly  plenty. 

The  lalt  obfervation  we  fliall  make  concerning  this  fair,  is,  how 
inconveniently  a  multitvide  of  people  are  lodged  there  who  keep 
it ;  their  bed  (if  we  may  fo  call  it)  is  laid  on  two  or  three  boards, 
nailed  to  four  pieces  that  bear  it  about  a  foot  from  the  ground, 
and  four  boards  round  it,  to  keep  the  perfons  and  their  cloaths 
from  falling  off;  and  is  about  five  feet  long  ;  ftanding  abroad  all 
day  if  it  rains  not ;  at  night  it  is  taken  into  their  booths,  and  put 
into  the  beft  manner  they  can  ;  at  bed-time  they  get  into  it,  and 
lie  necktjnd  heels  together  till  the  morning,  if  the  wind  and  rain 
do  not  force"  them  out  fooner ;  for  a  high  wind  often  blows  down 
their  booths,  as  it  did  in  the  year  1741;  and  a  heavy  rain 
forces  through  the  hair-cloths  that  cover  it. 

Though  the  corporation  of  Cambridge  bas  the  tolls  of  th!s. 
fair,  and  the  government  as  aforefaid,  yet  the  body  of  the  uni- 
verfity  has  the  overfight  of  the  weights  and  meafures  thereof, 
(as  well  as  at  Midfummer  and  Rech  fair)  and  the  licenling  of  all 
fliew-booths,  wild  beafts,  Sec.  And  the  proctors  of  the  uni- 
verfity  keep  a  court  there  alfo,  to  hear  complaints  about  weights 
or  meafures,  feek  out  and  punifli  lewd  women,  and  fee  that  the 
gownfmen  commit  no  diforders  *. 

*  Carter's  Hiftory  of  CambridgcfhirCj  p.  21 — 27. 

K  k  2  'the 


84  HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

^he  Cry  of  Sturbridge  Fair,  copied  from  Berfet  College  Library 
MS.  CVI.  N°  31.  the  pajfages  in  books  from  Baker's  MSS.  in 
the  Univerfity  Library,  Vol.  XLI.  p.  142. 

1.  WE  charge  and  llraightlie  command,  i,n  the  name  of  our 
foveraigne  Lady  Marye,  by  the  grace  of  God  queene  of  Englande, 
France,  and  h-eiande,  defendour  of  the  fayth,  and  of  the  church 
of  Englande,  and  alfo  of  Irelande,  on  earth  the  fupreme  head, 
and  in  the  name  of  the  ryght  honourable  lorde  the  bysflioppe  of 
Winchefter,  and  lord  chancellor  of  the  univerfitie  of  Cambridge,, 
that  all  manner  of  fcholers,  fcholers'  fervants,  and  all  other  per- 
fons  within  this  faire,  and  the  precindte  of  the  fame,  kepe  the 
queene's  peace,  and  make  noe  fray,  cry  out  as  flireking,  or  any 
other  noife,  by  which  infurreftions,  conventicles,  or  gatheringe 
of  people  may  be  made  in  this  faire,  to  the  troble,  vexinge,  or 
difquietinge  of  the  queene's  liege  people,  or  lettinge  of  the  officers 
of  the  univerfitie  to  execute  their  offices,  under  the  payne  of  im- 
prifonment,  and  further  puniQiment,  as  the  offence  fliall  require. 

2.  [Alfoe  we  charge  and  command,  that  all  manner  of  fchol- 
lers,  fchollers'  fervants,  weare  noe  weapons  to  make  any  fray  upon 
any  of  the  kinge's  people,  neither  in  comeinge  nor  goeinge  from 
the  faire,  under  paine  of  banifliment.] 

3.  [Alfoe  we  charge  and  command,  that  all  manner  of 
Grangers  that  come  to  this  univerfitie,  or  the  precinct  of  the 
fame,  to  thefe  faires,  to  leave  liis  weapons  at  theire  innes,  that 
the  kinge's  peace  may  be  the  better  kept,  and  for  the  occafion 
cnfueinge  on  the  fam.e,  under  the  paine  of  forfeitinge  the 
weapons,  and  further  punifhment,  as  the  offence  fhall  require. 
And  that  innkeepers  comeinge  in  to  have  theire  weapons  in  the 
inns,  under  paine  of  puniflnnent.] 

4.  Alfoe  we  charge  and  command,  that  all  common  woomen 
and  mifbehaved  people  avoide  and  withdrawe  them  out  of  this 
faire,  and  the  precindte  of  the  fame,  immediatelie  after  the  crye, 

5  that 


OF    S  T  U  R  B-  R  I  D  G  E    FAIR.  85 

that  the  queene's    fabjeds  may  be  the    more   quiet,  and  good 
rule  the  better  maintained  under  the  pairie  of  imprifonmente. 

5.  Alfo  we  charge  and  command,  that  all  manner  of  bakers 
that  bake  to  Telle  bake  their  loves  for  one  penye,  and  foure  for 
another,'. of  good  pafte,  well  boulted,  and  lawful  fife,  after  as 
the  graine  goes  in  the  markette.  And  that  the  baker  have  a 
marke  upon  everye  kinde  of  his  bread,  wherebye  yt  may  be 
knowen  whoe  did  bake  yt,  under  paine  of  forfeiture  of  his  bread. 

6.  Alfoe  that  all  bakers  fliall  obferve  and  kepe  fuch  life 
of  all  breade  as  ftiall  be  given  them  by  the  oilicers  of  the 
univerfitie,  under  the  paine  of  forfetinge  their  bread;  and 
yf  it  happen  to  any  baker  that  he  be  found  aguine  fawtie  [in 
any  article  pertaineinge  to  our  lawfull  bread,  according  to  the 
quene's  law,  that  then  fuch  baker,]  after  three  monitions,  Ihall 
be  imprifonned  and  puniQied  in  the  pillorye,  accordmge  to  the 
lawes  of  our  fovereigne  lady  the  queue. 

7.  Alfoe,  everye  baker  that  baketh  horfe-breade  f^o  fell,  that 
he  fell  three  loves  for  a  peny,  after  good  and  lawful  fie,  as  fliall 
be  given  him  by  the  univerfitie,  and  that  it  be  made  of  good 
peafe  and  beanes,  and  other  lawfull  ftuffe,  and  have  a  marke 
upon  it  under  paine  aforefaid. 

8.  Alfoe  all  browne  bakers,  as  well  inholders  as  others,  ob- 
ferve and  kepe  fuch  fife  of  horfe-breade  as  Ihall  be  given  them 
by  the  faid  officers,  under  the  panes  and  punifhments  as  of 
other  bakers  is  reherfed. 

9.  Alfoe,  that  noe  bruer  fell  into  this  faire,  ne  any  where 
within  the  precincle  of  the  fame,  a  barrell  of  good  ale  above 
[two  Ihillings  and  two  pence],  nor  a  barrell  of  hollle  ale  above 
[one  fhilling,]  no  red  ale,  nor  ropye  ale,  no  longe  ale,  but  good 
and  wholefome  for  man's  bodye,  under  the  paine  of  forfeiture ; 
and  that  every  brewer  have  a  marke  upon  liis  barrell,  whereby  it 

may 


S5  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQUITIES 

may  be  knowen  whofe  it  is,   under  the  paine  of  imprironment 
and  fine,  at  the  difcretion  of  the  officers  of  the  univerlitie. 

10.  Alfoe,  that  every  barrel  of  good  ale  houlde  and  containe 
16  gallons,  [13  or]  15  gallons  of  clere  ale,  and  one  gallon  for 
the  yeft,  and  the  hogllied  8  gallons ;  that  is  to  fay,  7  gallons 
and  a  pottel  of  clere  ale,  and  the  refidue  for  the  yeft,  under  the 
paine  of  forfeiture,  and  further  punifliment  after  the  difcretion 
of  the  officers  of  the  univerfitie. 

11.  Alfoe  we  command,  that  the  beare-bruer  fell  a  kilderkin 
of  double  beare  into  this  faire  [for  two  fliillings  and  two-pence], 
and  a  kilderkin  of  fingle  beare  [for  one  ffiilling]  ;  and  if  any 
bruer,  either  of  ale  or  bere,  be  found  fawtie  in  any  of  the  pre- 
miffes,  after  that  he  hathe  been  three  tymes  amercioned,  that  then 
the  faide  bruer  fliall  be  comitted  to  priibn,  there  to  remaine  untill 
he  have  made  fyne  with  the  officers  of  the  univerfitie. 

12.  Alfoe,  that  noe  typler  fell  into  this  faire,  nor  within  the 
precindl  of  the  fame,  a  gallon  of  good  ale  above  [four  pence,] 
nor  a  gallon  of  hoftle  ale  [above  two-pence  ;]  nor  the  beare 
fellers  a  gallon  of  doble  beare  above  [four-pence ;]  nor  a  gallon 
of  fingle  beare  above  [two-pence,]  under  the  paine  of  xii  pence 
for  every  tyme. 

13.  Alfoe,  that  no  typler,  ne  gawger,  fell  by  other  meafure 
than  by  gallon,  pottell,  quarte,  pinte,  on  paine  of  xii  pence  for 
every  tyme. 

14.  Alfoe,  where  great  hurts,  detriments,  and  deception  hath 
bene  to  the  queue's  fubjedls  in  tyme  paft,-  by  the  reafon  of  falfe 
and  unlawfull  meafures  broughte  by  potters  and  other  perfons  to 
be  foulde  and  bought  in  this  faire,  and  the  precindfe  of  the 
fame,  in  avoidinge  thereof  the  faid  hurt  and  untrue  meafures,  we 
ftraightlic  command  and  charge,  that  every  potter,  and  all  fuch 
perfons  as  bringe  fuch  potts  to  be  foulde  in  this  faire,  or  the 
prccinfte  of  the  fuiic   that  they    from  henceforth  fell  and  bye 

from 


OF     S  T  U  R  B  R  r  D  G  E    FAIR.  8; 

from  good  and  lawful  meafure,  as  is  aforefaid  [gallons,  pottles, 
quarts,  pints,  and  halfe  pints],  under  paine-  of  imprifonmenr, 
and  there  to  remaine  untill  they  have  made  a  fine  with  the 
officers  of  the  univerlltie. 

15.  A Ifoe,  that  every  tipler  and  gawger  that  felleth  ale  or 
beere  in  this  faire,  that  they  have  their  meafures  well  and  lawfully 
lized  and  fealed,  accordinge  to  the  Quene's  maiefties'  ftandard  of 
the  univerfitie ;  and  alfo  that  every  brewer,  that  hath  ale  or 
beare  to  fell,  have  a  figne  at  his  booth  [doore],  whereby  they 
may  be  better  knowne,  under  the  paine  of  punifliment. 

16.  Alfoe,  that  every  one  that  hath  wyne  to  fell  in  this  fayre, 
[as  white,  redd,  clarett,  gafcoyne,  malmfye,  or  any  other  wine 
they]  lliall  fell  [no  dearer  than  they  doe  at  London,  except  one 
halfe-penny  in  a  gallon  towards  carriage  ;  and  that  every  vintner 
have  potts,  their  meafures  fized  and  fealed,  after  the  ftandard  of 
the  univerfitie,  under  the  paine  of  forfeiture,  and  thcire  bodies 
to  prifon]  according  to  the  adt  of  parliament  thereupon  made, 
except  his  lawful!  allowance  reafonablie  to  be  made  by  the  offi- 
cers of  the  univerfitie  for  the  carriage,  under  the  paine  in  the: ' 
faid  a6le  comprifed. 

For  the  Fijh  Fayre. 

1.  Alfoe,  that  all  perfons  that  bring  [linge-fiQi,  ftoc-fifti,  or] 
any  kinde  of  falt-filh,  to  be  foulde  in  this  faire  [or  in  the  pre* 
cincl  of  the  fame],  that  they  fell  noe  rotten  fyflie,  nor  brente 
fyfhe,  nor  reftie  fyfhe,  but  good,  lawful,  and  holfom  for  man's 
body,  under  the  paine  of  forfeiture  [of  the  fifh,  and  of  their 
bodies  to  prifon]. 

2.  Alfoe,  [that]  all  [manner  of]  perfons  that  have  falmon, 
herrings,  eeles,  to  fell  in  this  faire,  that  the  vefTels  called  butts, 
barrells,  haulfe  barrels,  and  firkins,  [that  they  fell  none  of  them 
before  they]  be   fene  and  fearched  before  they  be  put  to  fale; 

and 


to  HISTORY    AND    ANTI  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

and  that  the  butt  hoiilde  Ixxxiiii  gallons  well  and  trulie  packed 
by  ytfelfe,  upon  payne  for  every  butt,  barrell,  and  haulfe  barrel!, 
foe  lackinge  their  faid  meafure,  fix  Ihillings  and  eight-pence ; 
and  that  the  great  falmon  be  well  and  truly  packte  by  ytfelfe 
without  grill,  or  broken  belied  falmon  with  the  fame;  and  that 
all  fmall  fyfhe,  called  grill,  be  pade  by  therafelfe  onlye,  without 
medhnge,  upon  payne  of  forfeiture,  and  lofing  fix  Ihillings 
and  eight  pence  for  every  butt,  baiTell,  and  halfe  barrell,  foe 
found  fawtie,  or  contrary  to  the  ftatute  of  parliament,  in  the 
which  ftatute  thefe  points  and  other  mo  be  more  plainlye  ex- 
l^reffed. 

[3.  Alfoe  we  command,  in  the  kinge's  name,  and  the  chan- 
cellor of  this  univerfitie,  that  noe  man  doe  attempt  or  inter- 
meddle in  the  office  of  the  gongerQiipp,  but  fucli  as  fhall  be 
appointed  by  the  officers  of  the  univerfitie  ;  alfoe  that  every  pike- 
monger  that  bringeth  fifh  to  fell  in  this  faire,  as  pike,  tench, 
roach,  pearch,  eele,  or  any  other  frefii  fifli ;  and  that  the  fifli  be 
quick  and  live  like,  and  of  fize  and  bignefs  according  to  the  ftatute 
thereof  made,  under  the  forfeiture,  and  their  bodies  to  prifon.] 

Alfo  that  everye  pikemonger  that  bringeth  frefihe  fylhe  to 
fell  in  this  fayre,  as  pike,  tenche,  roche,  perche,  ele,  or  any  other 
frefhe  fvffiie,  that  the  fyflhe  be  quicke  and  livifhe,  and  of  fife 
and  bignefs  accordinge  to  the  ftatute  thereof  made,  under  the 
paine  of  forfeiture. 

Alfo  that  noe  butcher  fell  any  of  the  tallowe  of  fuche  beafts  as 
he  fliall  kyll  to  fell  in  this  faire,  or  the  precindle  of  the  fame, 
to  any  h\it  to  fuche  craftemen  and  tallowe-chandelers  as  are  dwel- 
lers within  the  faide  univerfitie,  and  the  precincfte  of  the  fame, 
and  they  for  ro  make  the  faid  tallow  in  good  and  lawful  candles, 
fo  that  the  faide  ,iiniverfitie  and  towne  of  Cambridge,  nor  other 
the  quene's  fubjects,  be  in  any  wife  difappointed,  but  the  better 
ferved,  and  that  they    fell  not  a  pound    of    candles  above    iid. 

nor 


OFSTURBRIDGEFAIR.  89 

tior  the  bocher  a  ilone  of  tallow  above  xvid.  under  the  paine 
of  imprifonment. 

4.  Alfoe,  that  every  butcher  that  hath  flefli  to  felle  in  this 
faire,  that  he  bringe  no  rotten  flellie  nor  murraine,  but  good  and 
houlfome  for  man's  body ;  and  that  every  butcher  bringe  with 
him  tlie  hide  and  tallow  of  all  fuch  flefhe  as  he  fliall  kyll  [to  fell] 
in  this  faire,  and  the  precindte  of  the  fame ;  [and  that  every  one 
bringe  with  him  the  liver  and  lunges  of  all  fuch  beads]  under 
the  paine  of  forfeiture. 

5.  Alfoe,  that  every  perfonthat  felleth  by  meafure,  as  by  ell 
or  yard,  wollen  clothe,  or  linen  clothe,  worfled,  or  filke,  that 
he  have  his  fifed  and  infealed,  after  the  ftandard  of  the  univer- 
fitie,  under  payne  of  forfeiture,  and  their  bodies  to  prifon. 

6.  Alfo  every  perfon  that  felleth  by  meafure,  as  by  bulliell, 
halfe  bulhell,  peckc,  [or  haulfe  pecke,]  cole,  falte,  mullarde 
feede,  or  any  other  things ;  that  their  bufhels,  haulfe  bulbels, 
pecks,  be  fifed  and  infealed  after  the  ftandarde  of  the  univerfitie, 
under  the  payne  of  imprifonment,  [and  fuither  as  it  fliall 
pleafe  the  officers  of  the  univerfitie.] 

7.  Alfoe,  that  all  perfons  that  fell  by  weight  have  good  and 
lawful!  weights,  fifed  and  infealed,  and  to  agre  with  the  ftandard 
weight  of  the  univerfitie,  under  the  payne  of  imprifonment,  and 
further  fine,  as  it  fhall  pleafe  the  officers  of  the  univerfitie. 

8.  Alfoe,  that  no  man  fhall  regrate  any  of  the  thinges, 
[as  ling  fifh,  fait  fifli,  herringes,  falmon,  pikes,  tench,  waxc, 
flaxe,  rofin,  pitch,  tarr,  cloath,  nor  any  thinge  of  grocer  ware, 
or  any  other  merchandize  in  the  faire,  under  the  paine  of 
forfeiture,  and  their  bodies  to  prifon,  and  to  make  fyne  as  it  fliall 
pleafe  the  officers  of  the  univerfitie  ;  and  he  regrateth  that  buycth  ' 
any  of  the  faid  thinges  afore  rcherfed,  or  any  manner  of  mer- 
chandize of  any  .man  in  this  fayre,  and  felleth  again  the  iame 

•LI  'i'^--  -..thinges, 


90  HISTORY    AND    A  In  T  I  Q_U  I  T  I  E  S 

thinge.s  in  tbc  faid  fayre,  and  inhanflnge  the  price  of  the  faid' 
thinges  more  then  it  was  before. 

;  9.  .Alfo,  if  there  be  any  perfon  that  will  ferve  any  perfonall 
adionV'  either  for  debt,  viclualls,  injurye,  or  trefpafsj  or  thinke 
themfelves  wronged  in  any  of  the  faid  premilTes,  or  otherwife, 
let  him  complaine  to  my  lord  chancellor's  commiflbrye,  or  other 
officers  of  I  he  nniveriitie,  which  fliall  hold  and  keepe  courts 
dayly  and  howerly  in  this  fayre  dureinge  the  fame,  to  the  intent 
that  they  fhall  be  heard  with  lawful  favour,  right,  and  confciencey. 
and  after  the  libcrtES  of  the  fame. 

God  fave  the  Kingd^- 


I^rofH  an  ancient  MS.  belonging  to  Dr.  Farmer*. 
l>ivers  Orders  concernlnge  the  Boocthes  in  Sturbridge  Faiiv..  :> 
Eliz.  Regina.  Anno  ......  Martij  25t6.' 

FORASMCCH  as  fome  queftion  hath  bene  naade  of  the  manefr: 
of  tenure  of  boothes  in  Sturbridge  Fayer,  fonae  houlding  one 
opinion,  and  fome  another,  everie  man  fpealcinge  his  fantalief 
therein,  alErminge  his  owne  opinion  to  be  the  true  cuftomcj  2th^r 
that  it  oaghte  to  ftande  for  truethe;  for  that,  it  hath  not,  btne' 
generally  knowne  to  all  men  whether  any  cuftome  hath  rerHaiiied 
written  in  any  records  of  this  towa€  conccrninge,  tU^.fiUiie:  fajre^] 
yea  or  no.  .         ;.i;o-.  ^y/r.h 

Commandment  thereof  hath  been  given  to  the  twvj&e  clerked;, 
that  the  records  of  the  faide  towne  ilioulde  be  fearchc^,  which'e 
beinge  done,  it  is  founde  in  the  oulde  and  auncient  record,  called  • 
the  Grolle  Eooke  of  the  fayde  Towne,  that  remaincth  there  writt.: 
ten  ;  the  cuftome  without  date  ;  which  beinge  reude  to  the  whoL<5 
.ho\vfe,  qucl^ion  was  afkcd,  whether  any  man  docth  knowe  any 

other 


OF    STURBRIDGE    FAIR. 


91 


<otlicr  cullome  then  that,  and  alfo  whether  any  free  burgefle  of 
this  towne  doeth  houlde  his  booethe?  in  any  other  manner  or 
fourme,  or  by  any  other  cuitome  then  is  her^e  extant  and.  pre- 
fcribed  :  whereunto  it  was  anfwered  by  one  whoJe  voice,  that 
that  writinge  which  is  written  in  the  faide  Crofle  Booke,  bearinge 
110  date,  is  the  verie  true  cuftome  ufed  in  the  faid  towne  con- 
cerninge  Sturbridge  fayer,  and  tlie  booethes  in  the  fame,  and 
that  every  burgeffe  of  this  towne  havinge  any  boothe  or  boothes, 
in  the  faid  fayer,  doeth  houlde  and  enjoye  the  fame  boothes  by 
vertue  and  force  of  the  fame  curtome ;  and  therefore  this  day 
and  yeare,  by  common  confente  of  the  whole  commonalty,  the 
lame  cullome  is  adjudged  the  onely  good,  true,  whole,  founde, 
perfe6l,  and  inviolable  cuftome  obferved,  and  to  be  obferved,  as 
ufed  tyme  out  of  minde,  fo  to  continue. 

It  is  ordeined,  ena6led,  eftablilhed  and  ordered,  accorded  and 
agreed,  by  the  whole  aflent  and  confent  aforefaid,  that  no  free 
burgefle  or  burgeffes  of  this  towne,  whiche  hereafter  fliall 
keepe,  houlde,  have  and  enjoye,  any  boothe  or  boothes,  grounde 
or  groundes,  within  the  faide  fayer,  called  Sturbridge,  or  the  pre- 
cindls  thereof,  by  anie  coloure  or  title,  be  it  by  inheritance,  fuc- 
ceffion,  alienation,  gifte,  or  fale,  or  otherwife,  whatfoever  it  be, 
Ihall  not  be  taken,  accompted,  nor  adjudged  to  be  in  lawful! 
polTeflion  of  his  or  theire  faid  boothe  or  boothes,  grounde  or 
groundes,  before  he  or  they  fhall  come  to  the  Guilde-hall  of  the 
faide  towne,  at  a  common  dale,  or  court-daie  there  houlden  : 
and  then,  in  the  prefence  of  the  raaior  for  the  time  beingc,  one 
alderman  afliftant  to  him  fpecially  named,  and  the  bailiffs  of  the 
faid  towne,  and  there  receive  and  take  deliverye  of  feifen  ;  and 
fo  admitted  of  and  in  every  of  the  faid  boothe  or  boothes, 
grounde  or  groundes,  accordinge  to  the  olde  ufage  of  the  faido 
towne ;    and  then  to  pay   for  every  fuche  boothe   or  booth es, 

L  1   2  groimde 


92  HISTORY      AND      ANTI  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

grounde  or  groiindes,  fo  to  be  recorded  and  regirtred  into  the^ 
faid  book,  Sec.  That  is  to  fay,  to  the  maior  for  the  time  beinge 
iiiid. ;  to  the  towne-boxe,  for  the  ufe  of  the  towne,  iiiid. ;  to  the 
towne-clarke  for  wrightinge  and  regiftringe  the  fame  iiiid.;  and 
alfo  to  the  ferjeante  of  the  warde  where  the  boetli  doth  lie  iid. 
for  every  boethe.  After  all  which  thingc^  done,  and  dueties 
before  rehearfed  paid,  the  faide  burgeiTe  hathe  adjudged  to  be  in 
full  and  lawful!  polfeflion  of  all  and  fingular  the  faid.  boothe  or 
boothes,  ground  or  groundes,  accordinge  to  the  lawes,  ftatuts, , 
ordinances,  and  cuftomes  of  the  towne,  as  here  before  hath  bene 
iifed  tyme  out  of  minde,^  and  not  before. 

Item,  it  is  ordeined,  eftablilhed,  enacled,  accorded,  and  agreed, 
that  after  poffeffion  lawfully  taken,  by  any  burgeiTe  or  burgeffes, 
of  and  in  any  boothe  or  boothes,  grounde  or  .groundes,  withiii 
the  faide  fayer,  in  manner  and  fourme  befoEe  mentioned,  then 
■yt  fliall  be  lawful  to  any  fuche  burgeiTe  and  owner  of  boothe 
or  boothes,  grounde  or  groundes,  within  the  faide  fayer,  to  ali- 
enate, bargain,  fell,  exchange,  or  put  awaye  his  faide  boothe  or 
boothes,  grounde  or  groundes,  or  any  of  them,  at  anye  tyms, 
duringe  his  Ivfe,-  at  his  will  and  jjleafure,  to  anie  other  free 
barges  of  the  faide  towne,  hee  makinge  furrender,  delivering 
ftate,  and  recordinge  the  fame  in  the  regifter  booke  aforefaid,  as 
before  hath  bene  ufed  ;  and  after  the,  fame  niauer  and  fourme 
as  it  is  before  exprefied,  any  ade,  ordinance,  claufe,  fentence, 
ufe,  or  cuftome  feminge  to  the  contrary  notwitbftandmge.    •j[>iii'& 

Item,  it  is  further  enaQed,  ordeinedy  accorded  and  agreed,'  by 
the  whole  aflent  and  confent  aforefaide,,tha,t  every  burgeiTe  of 
the  faide  towne,  which  nowe  bee,  and  hereafter  (liall  bee,  law- 
fully poffcfied,  and  in  any  boothe  or  boothe&j'  grounde  or 
groundes,  hi  the  f\ide  fuyer  of  Sturbridge,  in  maner  as.  before 
lehearfcdy  fliall  and  may.e,..  by- Jiis  lall., will. and  tcfl.araent,.gev,e 

"    f  and 


OF    STURBRIDGE     FAIR. 


93 


and  bequeathe  all  and  everie  of  his  faide  boothe  or  boothes, 
grounde  or  ^roundes,  to  any  other  perfon  or  perfons,  as  hberally 
and  freely  as  he  myghte  gave  or  bequeathe  any  other  lands, 
tenements,  or  moveable  goodes  that  he  hathe  ;  fo  that  he  or  they 
to  whorae  fuch  gifte  or  legacie  flial  be  made  concerninge  any 
boothes  or  boothe  .grounde  in  the  faide  fayer,  fliall  be  free  bur- 
gefle  or  burgefies  of  the  faid  towne,  after  fuch  maner  and  fourme 
as  before  and  hereafter  is,  and  flial  be  declared  for  the  mainte- 
nance and  good  continuance  of  this  towne,  and  accordinge  to  the 
cuftorae  of  the  towne  heretofore  ufed. 

■-  And  furthermore  it  is  ordeined, -accordeti 'and.  agreed,    that 
every  fuche  burgelTe,  having  boothes  in  his  lawfuil  pofleirion  as 
before  is  exprelTed,  fliall  and  may,  at  his  free  wULand  liberty,  by 
his  laif  will  and  teftament,  will  and  bequeathe  all  and  every  of  his 
faide  boothe  or  boothes,  grounde  or  groundes,  to  be' foul de,  and 
the  money  thereof  comminge  to  be  emploied  for  the:  preferment 
of  his  or  theire  children,  payment  of  his  debts  and  legacies,  and 
for  fullfilHnge  his  or  tlieire  lade  will' or  wills;     and  the  faid^ 
teftatoa'  fiiall  or  maye  nominate  and  appointe  one  free  bargelfe! 
or  more,  at  hi5  pleafure,  by  his  faide  teitamente  or  lalie  will,  to*- 
make  fale,  of  .his. ;faide:  boothe-  or  boothes,  grounde  or'groundfefef 
accordingly.      And:  for,  lacke  of  any  fuche  fpecially  appointed,  it 
fhal  be  lawful,  by  force  .aud  virtue  of  this  ordinance,  to  the  ex-- 
ecut'Qr .  or  executors  ■  jofj  znyi  ifuthe  burgefl-e  .fo .  will  in  ge '  H  is  boothe; , 
o):  boothes,  graunde  drgvoundes  to  be  fduIdeV  tci  make  .foleof  the 
fame  boothe  or  bootheSj  grounde  or  grouitdes,  accordinge  to  the 
faide  will  and  teilamcnt ;    and  for  the' clue,  performance  of  the 
fame,  aod  after  fale  Ibjnade,  eitheiivby  the  perfon); of. perfons  to 
thatrappointedl  or  d-fe  J'of  [default  f of: iiicli  appointment,  by  the 
executors  of  the.  faide:  teilator,   fo  it  be  made  to.  a  burgeffe  or- 
bjLirgeiies  of  the  fame  towne.     The   fame   fale  fliall  ftande  and. 


94,  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    A  N  D    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

be  as  good  and  effedlual,  to  all  intents  and  purpofes  touchihge 
the  due  accompUflimeiit  of  his  or  their  faide  will  or  wills,  as  y^ 
the  faide  Tale  had  bene  made  by  the  verie  owner  of  the  faide 
boothe  or  boothes,  groimde  or  groundes  in  his  lyfe  tyme. 

Item,  it  is  ordeined,  enadled,  accorded,  and  agreed,  by  the 
whole  afiente  and  confente  aforefaide,  that  after  the  faide  fale 
made  in  maner  and  fourme  aforefaide,  he  or  they  fo  makinge 
the  fale  accordinge  to  the  will  of  the  faide  teftator,  fliall  come 
to  the  Guilde-hall  in  Cambridge,  at  the  nexte  common  da,y,  or 
court  next  followinge,  there  to  be  houlden,  and  there  before  the 
maior.,  one  alderman,  and  bailiffs,  as  the  cuftome  is,  fhall  acknow- 
ledge the  faide  fale  fo  by  him  or  them,  according  to  the  latte 
will  of  the  faide  teftator.  And  then  the  partie  who  hath 
boughte,  or  ih^l\  bie,  or  purchafe  anie  of  the  fame  boothe  or 
boothes,  grounde  or  groundes,  being  a  free  burgeffe,  flial  be 
admitted  to  the  fame,  and  have  ftate,  liverie  and  feizin  delivered 
iinto  him  or  them  there  in  the  face  of  the  court,  before  the 
maior,  aldermen,  and  bailiffs,  as  it  is  before  expreffed ;  and  fliall 
paie  for  the  recordinge,  regiftringe,  and  admittinge  to  the  fame, 
for  every  boothe  or  gronnde  fifteen- pence  to  be  divided  in 
•maner  and  fourme  aforefaide  ;  all  which  knowledge,  furrenders, 
and  ftate,  delivered,  had,  and  made,  in  maner  and  fourme  be- 
fore mentioned,  dial  be  decreed,  taken,  and  adjudged  to  be  as 
good,  fuffident,  and  lawful,  concerninge  the  performance  and 
accornphftiment  of  the  faid  will,  and  to  all  other  intents  and 
purpafes,  as  thoughe  the  fale  of  the  faid  boothe  or  boothes, 
grounde  or  groundes,  with  the  furrenders,  ftate,  and  liverie  of 
the  fame  had  bene  done  and  made  by  the  verie  owner  and  teftator 
by  bis  lyfe  tyme,  and  in  his  owne  perfon,  any  atSle,  ordinance, 
claufe,  fentcnce,  ufe,  or  cuftome  to  the  contrarie  notvvithftandinge. 
a  Item, 


O'FSTURBRIDGEFAIR.  95 

Item,  it  is  further  ordeined,  accorded,  and  agreed,  by  the 
whole  affente  and  confente  aforefaide,  that  yf  any  biirgeffe  of 
the  townc,  being  lawfully  polTelled  of  any  boothe  or  boothes, 
grounde  or  groundes,  within  the  faid  fayer,  fliall  chance  to  d\  e 
inteftate,  as  concerninge-  unie  declaration  or  difpofition  of  his 
faid  boothe  or  boothes,  grounde  or  gronndes,  as  is  before  ex- 
preffed,  that  then,  and  in  that  cafe,  it  is  ordeined  and  eflabliihed, 
accorded  and  agreed,  that  the  next  heire  or  heires  of  every  fuch 
burgeflc,  beinge  poffeffioner,  which  is  lawfully  begotten,  or 
knowne  to  be  nexte  heire  or  heires,  fliall  have  and  enjoye  everye 
of  the  faide  boothe  or  boothes,  grounde  or  groundes,  in  which 
his  faide  father  or  aunceftor,  fo  inteilate,  dcceafed,  the  third  parte 
of  all  the  faide  boothes  in  fuch  cafe  indifferently  to  be  allotted 
and  fett  out  for  the  wyfeof  the  faide  burgelTe  onely  excepted; 
which  third  parte  fhal  be  and  remaine  to  th«  widdowe  or  wife 
ef  the  faide  burgeife  fo  deceafed,  duringe  her  lyfe,  according^ 
to  the  ordinance  of  this  towne- 


Anno  Eliz.  31°. 

MEMORANDUM,  That  the  xxvith  daie  of  Septfeznber,  anno- 
Eliz.  by  a  common  aifente,  the  intereil',  righte,  ettatc,  title,  and 
pofTefTion,  of  every  poffeffioner  of    boothe  or  boothes",at  Stur- 
bridge-Fayer,  kept  by  furrender  or  leafe  lioulden  of  this  towne,, 
is  confirmed  and  ratified,  good  and  available  to  them   and  everie 
of  them,  accordinge  to  theire  feverall  tenures,  in  as  ample    and' 
large  maner  as  heretofore  they  have  had  and  enjoyed  the  fame 
by  vertue  of  theiie  feverall  furrenders  and  leafes  (anie  forfeiture 
or  caufe  of  ceafinge,  or  determination  of  fuch  intereft  or  intcrefts 
notwithftandinge)  except  always  and  rcferved  to  the  maior,  bai- 
ISffs,   ,and   biirgeffcs  of  the  fiude  towne  of  Cambridge,  ail  fuche 
■     '  ;  r4>i,htc„ 


96        HIST  OR  Y     AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S,     See- 

righte,  tytle,  and  intereft  as  they  have,  or  of  right  ought  to  have, 
by  the  cuilomes  and  ordiiiances  of  the  faide  towne,  ot,  in^  and  to 
all  thofe  boothes  and  boothe  groundes,  which  late  were  William 
Mnniey's,  one  of  the  aldermen  of  the  faide  towne-  and  except 
alfo  the  intereft  of  a  leafe  graunted  to  Mr.  Henry  Clarke,  till  fuch 
tyme  as  he  hat  he  founde  fureties  for  the  performance  of  the 
covenants  contcined  in  his  leafe  which  he  hath  of  the  towne's 
boothes. 

In  Fefto  Bartholomew 

Anno  Domini    1595. 

MEMORANDUM,  That  this  daye    and  yeare,   by  a  common 
confente,    it    is    agreed,    that   the   order    made  February, 

Anno  Regni  Hen.  061:avi  13°.  concerninge  enjoyers  of  boothes 
to  dwell  within  the  towne^  and  fliewinge  in  what  tyme  he 
fliail  fell  them  yf  he  go  out  Cif  the  towne,  fliall  Hand,  remaine, 
and  be  in  full  force  .and  effefle  ;  and  that  no  maior  of  the  towne 
of  Cambridge  from  hence forthe  fliall  propounde  any  grace,  or 
do  any  adle  or  ades,  devife  or  devifes  whatfoever,  to  the  breache 
or  violating  thereof;  and  .that  the  maior  of  this  towne,  yearly 
to  be  chofen,  on  the  dale  of  his  eled:ion,  or  on  the  daye  that 
he  taketh  his  oathe  againft  vintinge,  fliall  make  folemn  oathe 
,to  the  obfervatioa  hercDf, 

,yr:  ,'<'ol  8i^";j  uv.ju. 


ir  lO  Jl3-.i.  •'" 

SUPPLE- 


[     97     3 
.P.o';9UPPLE!^EN'T    TO    STURBRIDGE   FAIR;  '  ■  . 

,0 jJ  "  .:.  Alo'J  3  ,vl  J. 

«  JOHN  METEFELD^2^0aobpr,,r-3.8^,belng  then  LL.  B.  was  by  bifliop 
Fordham  made  mafteriOr^uf^os  jSj^hetftec'ta^jpel  or,ho]^ical  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen, 
of  Stcrebridge,  whicti,  however,  he  foon  alTpr  quitted  •,  for  on  24  January,  1391, 
the  bifliop  gave  the  fame  Iiofpital  p  ThonYas.de  Pat^ej  ;  but  on  the  29th  of  the 
fame  month,  J.  Metefeld  was  collated  to  it  again,  and  refigned  it  a  fecond  time ; 
and  was  a  third  time  collated  to  it,  8  February,  1395,  and  religned  it  again  1402  ; 
on  the  laft  of  December  in  which  year  the  bifhop  prefented  him  to  the  reftory 
of  Tyringion,  in  the  diocefe  of  -Norwich,  .calling  liim  his  couQn  Cconfanguineum 
nojlrum)  i  in  1403,  Oftober^  3.,  he  was  once  more  collated  to  the  maflerlhip  of 
Sterebrige  hofpital,  which  be  exc&pDged  in  1407  for  that  of  the  free  cliapel  of 
St.  Radegund  in  the  crypts  of  St.  Paul's  cathedral,  London;  and  Aogufl  9,  the 
fame  year,  1407,  the  bifliop  collated  him  to  .the  reflory  of  Leverington,  in  the  Ille 
of  Ely;  and  20  Oftober  following^  he  was  finally  and  the  fifth  time  admitted 
maflier  of  Sterebridge  chapel-/  I  have  laid  all  thefe  together,  that  the  curious  may 
obferve  what  a  deal  of  chopping  and  changing  of  preferment,  and  ftiifting  from 
one  place  to  another,  was  in  ufe  at  that  time.  September  25,  1390,  he  was  again 
collated  by  the  bifliop  to  the  rectory  of  Pulham,  in  Norfolk ; -and  23  September, 
139 1,  was  ordained  fubdean  in  the  bifliop's  chapel  at  Downham,  and  in  the  fame 
chapel,  prieft,  September  20,.  1399,  being  of  the  diocefe  of  llochefler.  In  1407, 
he  is  called  Licentiate  in  both  laws ;  and  Augufl;  8,  1404,  he  was  chancellor  to 
bifliop  Fordham.  In  1407,  the  bifliop  being  fummoned  to  a  convocation,  ap- 
pointed him  one  of  his  proxies  there,  on  account  of  his  ill  flate  of  health  and 
many  infirmities,  in  which  year  he  was  prefent  at  the  vailing  of  Alice  Thurgarton 
in  the  bilhop's  oratory  at  Downham,  where  fhe  received  the  rnantel  and  ring  from 
the  bifliop,  who,  after  high  raafs  faid  by  himfelf,  adminiftred  to  her  the  vow  of 
chaftity  in  this  form  of  words: 

"  I  Alice  Thurgarton,  avow  perpetual  chafl;ity  in  the  prefence  of  you  honourable 
"  fadre  in  God  Sir  Johan  bi  Codes  grace  byfshop  of  EI3',  and  behote  to  lyve 
"  ftablilh  in  this  awovv,  and  i,n,  wltnefle  thereof,  Iwit^h  my'ne  owpe  honde  make  my 
*' figne  benethe."  i  :  ,    (  . 

In  1408,  on  July  23,  a  convocation  was  heJ^j.art  St.  Paul's,  to  corifider  of  the 
proper  means  towards  fettling  the  peace  and  unity,  of  the  church  ;  to  this  meeting 
he  was  returned  among  fome  other  learned  men  whom  the  bifliop  fent  out  of  his 
diocefe  to  that  purpofe.  In  1410  he  was  archdeacon  of  Ely,  and  the  next  year  I 
find  him  ftyled  Utriu/que  Juris.  Do£lov,"     (MS.  Cole.)  ;> 

M  m  NUl^blNiE 


[    98    ].  '  1 

NUNDINiE    STURBRIGIENSES,  Anno   1702. 
Authore  T.  H  I  L  L,  e  Coll.  S.  Trin.  Soc. 

EXPOSITAS  late  Cam!  prope  flumina  merces 
Divitiafque  loci,  vicofque,  hominumque  labores, 
Sparfaque  per  virides  paffim  magalia  campo? 
Atlantis  die  niagne  nepos,  qnem  Candida  fertur 
Cyllenes  gelido  pepe'riffe  in  vertice  Maja. 
Tu  Deus  ingenii,  lucri  tu  diceris  idem, 
Tc  matutinis  precibus  Mercator  adorat  . 

Anxius,  innumerafque  recenfens  ordine  gazas,  :'         '"  ef^oio  "u^^ '<■"' 

Grande  tibi  Pario  fpondet  de  marmore  fignum.  ^  '  '  '■'  '    ^*^'"^'' 

Si  bonus  annueris,  multufque  advenerit  tmptor,'  '  ::jK' 

•     Si  pellis  fures,  hec  quicquan^  furHpiMpfS..  ■-*  ^'"' Y^; '  ^*'^  '''         '  "'' 

Ergo  ades,  &  fida  due  me  per  fingula  dextraL'I^'""*^  ='^^  ^'f^-^'   < 
Eft  in  confpeau  Grantee  notiffima  fama  '"^'  -i^i^^^^'   os   hfif 

Urbs,  opulenta  olim,  Papje  dum  regna  manebant,    '  '  . 

Et  fervile  jugum,  Domus  hie  fundata  vetufta  ■  .:....-■   o^       : 

Rclligione  fterit,  lanftffi  tenuere  forores ;  '  KOJSor 

Noftra  ah  !  temporibus  quantum  mutantur  ab  illls. 

Nunc  folurri  tantiE  fas  eft  operofa  videre 
Fundamcnta  domus,  &  non  fine  laude  ruinas  ; 

Sandtarum  at' remanent  veftigia  nulla  fororum.  !»i?a:i-/i..  uA'^...   ■■'■^■[ 

Incipit  ex  illo'notos  SruRBRic'rA  campos  "'     •"xiB'Jrio.i   qorlhcl 

Oftentare  procul,  (vocis  qutenam  hujus  origo-  ^"o  f"'"   tJ3int0f 

Quam  patriam  agnofcat,  Britonafne.  an  Saxonas  inter  i"  tSirtiffJiSnr  xaku. 

Mat'a  fit,  an  Darios  potius  yelit  ilia  Parentes,  ■  -rin      .^  „.',,  o   .  ,  - 

Qua;rere  dirfulimus,  nee  fas  eft  omnia  fcire,) 

C^uam  fimul  afpicias,  totam  hue  migialTe  putares 

Sedibus  avulfam,  quam  lambit  Thamefis  urbem. 

At  prius  optati  quam  fifteris  a-quore  campi 
-  Pauca  docerid'us"  eris,  pau^is,  adverte,  doeebo-.- '-f"  j/.j..  s  i-iuJ  ni 

Quifquis  es,  O  igitur  moneo,  dum  Sirius  ardet  '-   i-  i 

Pnlverearqu'e-ciet-tcmpeftas  plurima  nubes,  '" 

Si  tantum  paueos  iterumque  iterumq^ue  rogandOj 

Extorquere  afles  potes  a  Cuftode  fevero,  - 

"--   Ire  pedes  noli,  longum  eft  iter,  &  tibi  Rhedam,  vqiuq  3crh  ■ 

Qu^a  veftere,  bonam  folidi  pars  qijarta  parabit. 

Non  tamen  hae  ratione  velim  te  fcandere  currum, 

Qui.Orydon  noftram  nuper  qui  milTus  in  urbem 

I'iJcrat  baud  ur-quam  Rhedam,  nifi  qua  pater  olim 

Et 


STURBRIDGEFAIR,  99 

Et  fcenum,  cererenique  domum  portare  folebat. 
Artificis  miratur  opus,  fabrlcafque  rotafque 
Axemque  &  quid  non  ?  fedet  ergo,  infuetaque  vultu 
Gaudia  tcftatur,  liec'jam  tibi,  Phosbe,  caballos 
Invidet  ille  tuos,  licet  ipfum  fepc  Magifter 
Nafonis  quondam  legeret  cum  dulcc  poem;i. 
Multa  Phlegonte  fupe'r,  fuper  &  Pyroente  doceren 
Interea  eft  opera;  pretium,  nee  parva  voluptas    ,."  ;. 

Audire  aurigas  convicia  mutua  dantcs ;       ;  .\.. . . 
•'  Hue  Domine,  unus  ait,  bijugi  luihi  narrjque'parati 
Expeftant  virga  monitum,  folertior. alter  ' 
Clamantis  prsevertit  equos,  &  fede  relidta 
Defluit  in  terram  pernix,  &  talibus  in|ir, 
Oftia  dum  pandit  mo.llitque  fedilia  dettra. 
"  Ne  qusefo,  ne  crede  ifti,  mendacior  alter 
Non  eft,  nam  quamvis  fe  dixerit  efte  paratum, 
Ingrediare  modo,  fallet,  cogetque  fcdere 
Invitum,  nedtetque  moras  plurefque  manebit, 

Te  contentus  ego  : quid  non  tacundia  poffit 

Ille  quidem  fuafit,  penitufque  intraverat  unus  ^ 

Pes  currum,  primoque  in  limine  pendulus  htefi; 

Non  tulit  hoc  alter,  plenus  led  defilit  ira 

Torva  tuens,  ceu  fepe  canis,  fiquando  voracern 

Dentibus  infrendens  albis,  meditetur  in  hoftem  n-qo'iM 

Horrida  bella,  velitque  abreptam  ulcifcier  efcam.  '■'     - 

Pone  venit  tacitus,  colaphumque  impingit,  at  ille 

(Senfit  enim)  pariter  refpondet,  &  idtibus  iftus 

Ingeminat,  quanto  proh  !   Divl  utrinque  fragore 

Infonuere,  genje,  gemitumque  dedere  crepantes. 

Extemplo  coeunt  vulgus,  ftudiifquc  repente 

Scinduntur  variis,  partes,  prout  cuique  libido  ell 

Accipiuntque  fuas,  &  dant  folantia  did:a, 

Dum  favet  Aurigce  huic  alter,  favet  alter  8r  illi. 

*'  ToUe  caput,  Iblidoque  magis  confide  cerebro,'* 

Dixerat  hie ;  aft  Adverfarius,  "  Ilia  fubter 

Pugnos  ingere  nunc,  animamque  huic  excute  folam« 

Talibus  inter  fe  monitis  hortantur  amicura  ^ ' 

Quifque  fuum,  donee  tandem  civilis  Enyo 

Bacchari  cjepit  jamlongius;  undique  ferpit 

Dira  lues,  pugnam  ornat  qiaifque ;   legitque  yirurri  vh* 

Tum  vero  avulfos,  aurce  ludibria,  crines    rr    ' '■ 

Cernere  erat,  largofque  .cruoris' currere  rivos. 

Hie  ego,  nam  nee  me  fan-^a  labor  Ifthmius  iinquani 

Clarabit  pugilem,  nee  funt  ea  praemia  cordi,  ■■,?V^->o-    ■  0^ 

Dum  nefciret  adhuc,  cui  det  Victoria  palmai]i,^,„fi  j^^ji  /'  >,  sii 


iGo 


HISTORY    AND  >A  N  T^^  I  <ilJ  I  TIES 

Et  dubils  nunc  hue,  nunc  ilhic  tenderer  alis ; 

Fugnantes  de  me  linquo,  currumque  propinquum 

Scando  citus,  campofque  peto,  celebrefque  Tabernas. 

Quo  fimul  ac  ventum  eft,  nummo  de  more  foluto 

Dimitto  Automedonta  meum,  vicofque  per  omnes 

Erro  vagus,  quocunqUe  pedes  animufque  ferebant. 

Et  modo  per  denfos  faccorum  ducor  acervoS 

Difficilis  modo  fit  per  olentes  femita  pifces. 

Nunc  obftant  carpenta  vice,  nunc  tardat  euntem 

Turba  frequens  hominum,  laffas  modo  verberat  aures 

Raucus  clamor  anus,  vendentis  poma  nucefque  ; 

*'  Elige  quas  mavis,  funt  optima  poma  nucefque.'^"^^^^.^.^. 

Parte  alia  buccas  inflatus  turpiter  ambas  / 

Stat  Tubicen,  populumque  vocat  mirac'laque  partdit, 

*'  Hie  Elephas,  hie  ille,  inquit,  Getulia  qual'em 

Non  vidir,  cujus  confcendere  nobile  dorfum 

Si  foret  in  vivis,  optaverit  Hannibal  ipfe." 

Denos  ille  homines,  ingentia  pohdera,  tergo;      _  i;,^  ;;j;^^:,,^  ^'^ 

Aure  utraque  duos,  totidteque  proborcide-geltat.  :;^.^-,  m-jlnup    •'! 

Regins  nomen  fitantum  ^diverit  ANN.^ '.  .^  ,'::;:^  .^^  ^^^^ 

Gaudet,  &  egregium  placido  ore  fatetur  amorem,     ,  /^^_.j  ^.._,..  ^  j^^ 

At  Turca,  8c  Lodoix  Turca  crudelior  iras  " /"   '      "' < 

Accendunt  illi,  furiataque  pedtora  verfant. 

Progreffum  ulterius,  me  parvula  charta,  legendani  ,      , 

Feftivus,  quam  prober  hqmuncio,  fiftitj^at;  ill^  ^.;^^^  '^ 

Spirantis  mirandaVefert  fpe^£taculace^^.'_ -■,  ■.  .  ^nCr/if 

Iliic  defundi  circum  regale  WlLHEtJ^,--  ;'".  \-.'. 

Stant  comites  buftum,  dominumque  quetuiltur  adempta'm - 

At  Tu,  fpedator,  focias  ne  refpue  guttas 

Mifcere,  extremum.meriti  vcdigal  honoris. 

Parte  alia  ingreditur,  plaufuque  excepta  fecundo 

Imperium  Anna  capit,  fojiumque  afcendit  avitum. 

Stat  fimul  Eugenius,  laurum  cui  bella  recenteraj^.yv^ "  ^.^^^^^  '^jj^ 

^ternafque  parat  felix  viftotia  laudes  ;  ...i..  ,.i.> 

At  Tuer  Hifpanus  non  horrida  fuftinetora, 

Et  qua^rit  latebras,  &  currere  velle  videtur. 

Quo  tamen  uique  inter  pomsria  Ibla  yagamur  > 

Adum  nempe  nihil,  mediam  nifi  protinus  urbem 

Vifimus,  inque  ipfa  veftigia  figo  Subuira. 

Hie  autem  quodcUnque  ingenti  cernitur  orbe 

Pulchra  tibi  pra?ftant  compendia,  five  Tabernas 

Diverfas,  hominum  feu  contcmplabere  mores.  ^  ,y^^ 

Qualis  ubi  pulfis  procul  seftas  aurea  nimbis  '     ■■ 

Ridet,  et  ad  notos,  redokntia  pabula,  florcs 

Hyblaas  invitat  apes,'  pars  roicida  citcum 


O  F    S  T  U  R  B  R  I  D  G  E    F  A  I  R.  ,ot 

Prata  volant,  referuntque  thymo  turgentia  crura. 

Condere  pars  latebras,  pulchrifque  liquentia  mella 

Certatim  flipare  favis,  opus  acriter  urget 

Qusque  datum,  refonant  cellsque  &  cerea  tedta. 

Haud  fecus  excrcent  kfe  per  compita  vulgus 

Mercuriale,  inftant  omnes,  quo  quemque  parandi 

Duke  vocat  ftudium,  diverfaque  cura  negoti. 

Turn  merces  culpare  emptor,  laudare  paratus 

Venditor,  infidiafque  alternaque  retia  tendunt. 

Cum  lucro  quodcunquc  poteft  mercaricr  alter, 

Alter  vendere  avet,  cautufque  &  providus  audit,. 

Si  male  prudentem  quis  fallere  pofltt  amicum. 

"  Novi  ego,  dicebat  quidam,  (fimul  explicat  omnes 

Quotquot  habet,  verfatque  manu,  quamque  ordine,  merces) 

Quam  foleant  omnes  proprias  res  tollere,  contra 

Deprimere  alterius,  fed  fie  mihi  profpera  cund:a 

Cedant,  ut  non  his  meliores  mercibus  ufquam 

Invenies,  cundtas  quamvis  fcrutere  tabernas. 

Nee  fum  ex  illorum  numero,  qui  plus  femel  hie  fe- 

Haud  conferre  audent;  mercatorque  unius  anni  : 

Nam  quoties  hoc  tempus  adeft,  haud  fegnius  &  nos 

Adfunius,  ut  jam  non  redeat  conftantior  annus. 

Omnes  ne  norunt,  decimus  September  habetur 

Ex  quo  me  vidit  vicinia  tota  morantem, 

Hac  ipfa  ftatione,  loqui  fed  plura  volenti 

Nil  equidcm  hire  adeo  contra  quod  dicere  pofTimi 

Emptor  refpondet,  "  pretium  fed  difplicet." — "  Eja' 

Siqua  fides,  ago  tam  tecum    quo,  fi  pater  efles. 

Tecum  agerem  padlo,  fraterve"  (nee  ille  profefto 

Mentitur,  fratrem  fraudare  patremque  paratus.) 

"  Hxc  aliis  narra,  fed  nos  non  credimus  ;   an  to 

Nil  unquam  me  emiflfe  putas  ?     Quid  denique  prodeft^ 

Quid  fit  mercatura  quotannis,  vendere  merces 

Si  pluris  non  Granta  folet  ?     Proinde  accipe,  fi  vis 

Quod  dixi  pretium.     Poflem  modo,  at  h^ecce  minoris 

Auleret  a  me  nemo,  fores  ego  claudere  certe 

Pra;tulerim,  vacuaque  domum  migrare  crumena, 

Ut  iibet,  &  valeas. — &  Tu  ;  vix  protulit  unum 

Ille  pcdem,  vocat  hie  abeuntem,  &  talia  fatur : 

"  Dure  nimis,  cur  ah  !  prohibes  me  viveres  ?  verum 

Qiiando  ita  vis,  numera  nummos,  &  quod  petis  aufer  ; 

Spero  loci  pofthac  quod  non  eris  immemor  hujus, 

Quandocunque  opus  ell,  veniefque  benignior  olim. 

Scit  coelum,  fcis  ipfe,  lic;t  non  fcire  fateris, 

Quam  mihi  nil  ex  hoc  poflit  contingere  lucri." 

His  reliqua  inter  fele  agitant  commercia  turba  • 

Fraudibus,. 


# 


soa  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  T  I  E  S 

Fuuclibus,  e  cundtis  cognofcere  fufficit  unum. 

Jam  vcro  defledle  oculos,  paulumque  togata 

Turba  vide  quid  agat,  namque  hie  veiiaiitur,  8c  ipfi 

Quorum  pulvereo  vcrruntur  fyrmate  vici. 

JEris  cgens  fiquis  (qualem  perfepe  fuifTe 

Mc  non  diffiteor^  neque  enim  me  inopem,  miferumque 

Si  fortuna  tulit,  vanum  tulit  atque  fuperbum) 

Hue  illuc  errare,  oculofque  per  omnia  circum  in  inuV 

Ferre  avidos  amat,  atque  animum  oblcdtare  tucndo.  ..   .:.        •■ 

(Ah  miferas  plantas,  Doitiinus  quels  contigit  Ipfe) 

Nil  agit  infelix,  iiec^  fiquid  fperat,  habebit. 

Taiuum  inter  denfas,  fpcttacula  fplendida,  gazas 

Ambulat  indefeffus,  ibi  fufpirat  &  eheu  ! 

Cur  tantum  arridetis  ?   ait,  vel  cur  ego  pauper, 

Cwm  tantum  arridetis  ?  inanibus  indulgere 

Nil  refert  votis,  nee  adeft  elamata,pecunia. 

Obftant  fata,  malique  ira  implaeabalis  aftri. 

Sunt  quibus  unum  opus  eft  ubi  fervet  plurima  turba 

Crifpatos  ferro  crines,  myrrhaque  madentes 

Oftentare,  fatis  nempe  hi  fecilFe  videntur 

Si  placeant  vulgo,  nymphxque  morentur  oeellos. 

Eft  quoque  quem  pra^ceps  juvat  alea,  cernere  talos 

Currentes  gaudet,  fonltumque  audire  fritilll. 

Heu  fuge  damnofos  jadtus,  fuge  cautus  avara 

Tedla  procul,  nam  ni  flavi  tibi  virga  metalli 

Pullulet,  aurataque  fluat  Padtolus  in  area, 

Heu  truftra  amiflbs  flebis  cum  tempore  nummos. 

Ille  igitur  folus  vellem  hue  defeendat,  abunde 

iEris  cui,  cerebrique  parum  eft,  cui  crafTa  Minerva 

Blanditur,  fortemque  jubet  fperare  faventem. 

Huie  etenim  infanti  quondam  chariflima  mater 

Pingue  caput  mulcens,  "  Madte,  O  mi  Parvule,  dixit. 

Matte  puer,  nam  fi  quod  anus,  fi  quod  facra  veri 

Vox  habeat,  multos  non  illaudata  per  annos, 

Fortunatus  eris. - 

E  regione  domus  trabibus  contexta  falignis 

Cernitur,  ignaves  fcdes,  laflifque  viarum 

Opportuna  fatis,  fpatiofas  poffidet  sedes 

Graius  homo,  ut  perhibent,  quocum  certare,  nee  audet 

Pindarus  hie  nofter,  fordetque  Batefius  Ipfe. 

(Dorothea  una  novo  rivali  cedere  nefeit : 

Dorothea,  ingenio  pollens,  &  mille  placendl 

Artibus,  &  cuncti  gnara  &  ftudiofa  palati.) 

Non  illo  quifquam  Tcje  prsftantius  ufum 

Nov  it,  jucundamve  valet  mifcere  Cocoam. 

Hanc  angufta  obftat  fi  res  majoribus  aufis 

Ne 


O  F    S  T  U  R  B  R  I  D  G  E    F  A  I  R.  103 

Ne  dubites  intrare  ca.fam,  tibi  fcilicet  auro 
Non  opus  eft  ullo,  nee  copia  qua;ritur  illic, 
Sed  bene  fecurum  reddent  te  quatwor  afles. 
Hos  modo  fer  tecum,  te  non  felicior  alter 
Tedta  fubit,  nuUi  plures  folvuntur  honores. 
Omnibus  unus  honos,  &  ledes  omnibus  una, 
Pallentes  Orcus  non  accipit  jequior  Umbras. 
Hie  quodcunque  novum  Auloniis  moliiur  in  oris 
EuGENius,  legitur,  mileros  feu  fallere  Gallos. 
Fraude  velit,  bello  feu  credere  malit  aperto. 
(Seu  virtus  fit,  five  dolus,  piirandus  utroque) 
Vi<ftrices  !  en  cerno  aquilas,  atque  omnia  Isetus 
Accipio,  baud  ill^  fruftra  per  nubila  pennas 
Exercent,  folum  affbetse  portare  Tonantem. 
Sed  ncque  quid  noftrae  valeant,  ad  ire  Phalanges. 
Te  pigeat,  funt  &  nobis  pugnare  parata 
Peftora,  difficilemque  baud  averfantia  Martem. 
Quid  non  Churchilii  dextra  fperare  licebit, 
Aufpiciifque  Annje;  Gallorum  Flandria  ftrage 
Crcffiacique  iterum  fpumabunt  fanguine  campi. 
Ite  alacres  igitur,  qucecuque  in  proelia  fortes 
Ite  animje,  fupen  pro.vobis  arma  capeiTunt 
Omncs,  inque  ipfum  fua  ftant  perjuria  Galium.. 
Forte  quid  Or.mondus  taciat,  qua  claffis  arena. 
(Ilia  catenati  claffis  regina  profundi) 
Vela  legat  finuofa,  &  opimas  terreat  oras 
Pagina  narrabit  verax ;  fed  ne  tamen  illi 
Tu  plus  interea  felicern  parce  vovere 
In  patriam  reditum,  &  partam  fine  fanguine  laurum. 
Compcdibus  duris  inimicas  vinciat  auras 
wffiolus,  &  tuta;  pateant  remeantibus  undce-. 

0  fi  quod  vellem  poffem  quoque,  me  neque  vates,, 
Andinus  caneret  melius,  nee  cederet  Heros 
Heroi  iliaco,  bello  &  piet^te  Britannus. 

Juftior  has  quanquam  partes,  famamque  Patroni 
Arriperet  RiiEDTciNA,  Deus  cui  dulcia  dudura 
Pocula,  Caftaliofque  indulfit  amicior  hauftus  : 
Atque  ego,  fi  faciles  refiffent  fofte  Camcenffi 
Nobilius  molirer  opus,  tu  Gs  anta  beata 
Audires,  tu  Granta,  duo  cui  lumina  prtebet 
Sf.ymcriana  Domus,  neque  cnim  mihi  dicere  fas  eft 
Patre  magis,  JS  atone  tumes,  dum  fortiter  Arces. 
Alter  Palladias  tibi  proiegit,  ornat  &  alter. 

1  decus,  I  noftrum,  fie  cum  longieva  Seneftus. 
Gommunem  abripuit,  nobilque  tibique  Parenteni.. 

Reflet; 


nof^ 


HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  QJU  I  T  I  E  S,    &c. 

Reflet  adhuc,  cui  mox  Academia  deferat  ultro 

Maturos  Fafces,  nee  fek  fentiat  orbam.  -  i-  -  •  ; 

■Qiio  vehor  ?    Icariis  aufus  me  credere  pennts  '^''^^^  *^3^ 

Ah  deinens  !  onerique  impar  lub  mole  fatifco; 

Ujterius  vetucre  Dex.     Sed  Cynthius  aurem 

Vellit  &  inccptuni  repetam,  jubet  Argumentum, 

Haud  procul  hinc  tur.ris  nubes  qUcE  vertipe  celfa 

Pulfat,  ubi  dulcefque  Lyrse,  fidiumque  fonora 

Arreftas  Plebis  concordia  detinet  Aures. 

Claufas  denfa  fores  circumftat  Turba,  ftupetqiie 

Miraturque  fonos,  &  tinnula  comprobat  sera. 

riic  aliquis  vifus  fociis  feflivior  (llli 

Andrea  cognomen,  quis  barbarus,  Ille  rudifque 

Ufque  adeo  vivit  cui  non  eft  Andrea  notus  ? 

Ut  multos  intra  invitet,  faciatque  lucellum 

Ante  fores  fublimis  adeft,  hunc  Plleus  ornat 

Verficolor,  Picftis  8s  floribus  aemula  veftis. 

Tam  pulchram  non  Iri  Geris,  licet  induat  Ipfe 

Veftimenta  tibi  Deus,  &  fit  fartor  Apollo. 

Hie  ftultum  fimulat,  gaudetque  Jocofus  haberi, 

Sed  non  et  fimulalfe  putes,  vult  namque  videri 

StLiltus,  &  eft  ;    querno  quem  nitens  fufte  Colonus  ''- 

Sufpicit,  inque  hilares  folvit  dura  ora  chachinnos. 

Ah  !  ne  te  intrandi  capiat  tam  dira  Cupido, 

Nee  tantum  mirare  Melos,  Rhodopeiia  quamvis 

Pled:ra  redilTe  putes,  fabricataque  ftamina,  Thebas. 

Eft  homo  qui  incedit  nigra  comitante  Catcrva 

Cui  Baculum  Infigne  Officii,  quo  pellere  turbaiu 

Obftantem,  valeatque  fores  effringere  claufas. 

Non  tam  Myrmidonum  turba  ftipatus  Achilles 

Trojanos  terrere  Duces,  pavidofque  folebat 

Scftari  Phrygas,  immenfumque  fugare  per  aquor. 

Hunc  Juvenes  vitate  viruni,  comitefque  nefandos, 

Pifficipue  fi  quem  decorabit  Purpura  nota, 

Purpura  nota  nimis,  fruftra  efFugifle  feveri 

Cenforis  fid:o  moliris  nomine  multtam. 

Index  Veftis  erit,  manifeftabitque  latentem. 

Turn  tibi  tempus  erit,  magno  cum  optaveris  emptum 

Intaftum  limen,  cum  Tympana  Rauca  melofque 

Oderis,  &  monitus  fero  experiere  fidcles. 

Hoe  ego  conlilium  difcedens  linquo  manenti, 

Nam  me  pertjefum  turbse,  magniqiie  laboris 

Et  Phoebi  duftum  cxemplo,  qui  feffus  &  jeger 

Rhcda  prascipitcm  fugiente  relinquit  Olympum. 

Ad  Grantam  revehit  Currus,  propriofque  Penates; 

Hie  Auriga  fuos,  hie  fiftit  Mufa  Caballos. 

S  APPENDIX 


APPENDIX 


.  T    O 


STURBRIDGE  FAIR. 


N"  I. 


*'  A  DVOCAT'  domus  hofpital'  Leprofor'  de  Sturbrlge  folebat  et  dejure 
j[^  pertincre  debet  burgenf'  Cant'  qui  tenent'  villam  pdcam  cum  fuis  per- 
tinent' ad  feod'  firtna  de  3no  rege  alienat'  tunc  per  vacationem  ejufd'  hofpitalis 
de  diftis  burgenf  injufte  per  dnum  Hugonem  de  Northvvold  quondam  epum 
Elienf*  et  per  ejus  fucceffbres,  qui  ad  eor'  voluntatem  dederunt  dco  hofpitali  ca- 
pellanis  ibm,  coramoraut'  in  hereditione  dni  regis  ;  et  predial'  burgenfes  ville  Cant* 
patiuntur  grave  damnum  qui  tenent  di<fl:am  villam  de  f?odo  firma  de  dno  rege; 
et  haftenus  nulli  monftratum  non  fuit  dno  Hen'  rege  ffe  dni  regis  qui  nunc  eft 
et  ejus  coi.-'^lio  et  eiiam  tam  coram  jultit'  itinerantibus  quam  coram  efcaetor'  et 
inquif  dni  regis  apud  Cantab'  venientibus,  et  de  hac  per  d'num  regem  nihil  eft 
eraendatum.  Ifta  prelentatio  alienat'  eft  infra  30  annos  tempore  Elenrici  regis  ffis 
Edwardi  qui  nunc  eft. 

Item  cuftos  hofpitalis  pJci  tenet  xxiiii"' acras  et  dim'  terrs  in  camp' Cant' ex 
conceffu  pUirimorura,  et  dicunt  quoJ  pdcs  cuftos  noa  fuftiaet  iBm  aliquos  Icprofos 
ficut  de  jure  deberet. 

Item  jur'  dicunt  ad  di£lum  hofpitium  pertinere  quandam  feriam  ad  feftnra  exal- 
tationis  St£e  Crucis,  qus  durat  in  Vigilia  Stce  Crucis  ceu  die  Stas  Crucis  fequente 
infra  claufum,  cum  pertinet  ad  diflum  hofpitale,  quam  quidem  feriam  dnus  Johes 
rex  predecelTor  ttiii  regis  qui  nunc  eft  leprofis  in  dicto  hofpitali  commorantib'  ad 
eor*  fuftentaiionem  dedit  et  conceffit." 

Kot'  Hundred'  9  E.  I.  from  a  copy  of  Layer's  MS.  Hiftory  of  CambridgcH   le 
in  the  poilcffion  of  Mr.  Gcugh. 

*  A  N®  ir. 


APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 


N'    II. 

Commiffio   ad  inqviirencV  et  certificand'  de  terris  et  tenementis 
et  libertatibus  ad  Capellam  de  Steresbrigge  pertinentibus. 

From  Hare's  CoUeftions,  III.  f.  58.  b. 

REX  dileftis  fibi  Niclio  de  Styvecle,  vicecotniti  Cantebr' Joiini  de  Dliton  et 
Steptio  Morice  juniori,  falutem.  Sciatis  qd  cum  nuper  p  tras  nras  pat'  de- 
derimus  et  concefferimus  dilefto  ctico  nro  Johi  de  Piouceby  capellam  de  Steref- 
brigge  tunc  vacantem  et  ad  nram  donationem  fpe£i:ant'  ratione  temporalium  epatus 
Elienf  tunc  in  manu  iira  certis  de  caufis  exiftentium,  habend'  cum  fuis  juribus  et 
pertinen'  quibufcanque ;  acjam  inteileximus  qd  diverf  terrae,  tenementa,  reddi- 
tus,  libertates,  et  alia  jura  qu^  ad  capellam  pradift'  ab  antiquo  pertinebant  ab 
ead' capella  temporjb' quib'  temporalia  epatus  prad' tarn  in  manu  nra  quam  in 
raanibus  progenitor'  nrorum  quondam  regum  Anglis  extiterunt,  fubtradta  tuerunt 
in  nfje  et  capellas  prffid'  (cujus  collatio  ad  nos  et  hered'  nros  temporib'  vacationis 
epatus  prjed'  dinofcitur  pertinere)  grave  prEejudicium  et  damnum  ac  culcus  divini 
qui  in  ead'  capella  pro  aiabus  progenitorum  nrorum  fieri  daberet  diminutionem 
manifeftam,  nos  volentes  fuper  prsmifTa  plenius  certiorari,  affignavimus  vos  et 
duos  vrum  ad  inquirend'  p  facramentum  proborum  et  legalium  hominum  de  com' 
Cantebr'  p  quos  rei  Veritas  melius  fciri  poterit  qua  et  cujufmodi  tcrr^,  tenementa, 
redditus,  libertates,  et  alia  jura  quse  ad  capellam  przedift' ab  antiquo  pertinebant 
temporib'  quibus  temporalia  epatus  pracd'  in  manibus  diflor'  progenitor'  nrorum 
feu  nra  aut  aliorum  cxiiterunt  fubtrafta  fuerunt,  et  p  quos  vel  p  quem  et  a  quo 
tempore  et  ubi  et  qualiter  et  quomodo.  Et  ideo  vobis  mandamus  qa  ad  certos 
dies  ad  loca  quos  vos  feu  duo  vrum  ad  hoc  provideritis  diligentem  fup  prEemiffis 
omnibus  et  fingulis  et  aliis  articulis  et  circumftantiis  ea  tangentibus  faciatis  inqui- 
fitionem  et  earn  diftinfte  et  aperte  fa^tam  nobis  fub  (iglllis  vris  vel  duorum  vrum 
et  figillis  eorum  p  quos  fafla  fuerit  five  dilatione  mittatis,  et  hoc  breve.  Et  tu 
praifate  vicecomes  ad  diem  et  locum  prcedos  venire  fac'  coram  vobis  vel  duob' 
Vrum  tot  et  tales  probos  et  legales  homines  de  baltia  tua  per  quos  rei  Veritas  in 
pr^emiffis  melius  fciri  poterit  et  inquiri.  In  cujus  rei  teftim'  has  tras  riras  fieri  feci- 
mus  patentes.     Telle  meipfo  apud  VVeftm'  3*''°  die  Junii  anno  regni  nrl  37°. 

Ex  Rot.  Pat.  de  anno  37°  Edw.  III.  p.  i,  m.  12.  in  dorf  in  Turri  Lond'. 

No  III. 


OF    STURBRIDGE    FAIR. 


N<^  III. 


TH01VIAS  &c.  dilcflo  nobis  In  Xto  Jolii  Cokenacke  clico  Gov'  et  Liclv 
dioc'  ialutem.  Hofpitale  Ste  Marie  Magdalene  de  Sterefbrig  lire  dioc'  per 
mortem  Diii  Wilti  de  Mulflio  ultimi  cuftodis  ejufdcm  vacans  et  ad  liram  colla- 
tioncm  pleno  jure  fpedlans  libi  contulimus  intuitu  caritatis.     Dat'  Dec.  6"  1376. 

Ex  regiro  Arundel  epi  El',  t.  2  c. 

Anno  Dili  1390  Julii  die  iS^^Dns  concefflt  omb'  auxiliantib'  ad  fuftentacoeni 
feu  gubernacoem  capelle  t^te  IMarie  Magdalene  de  Sterelbrigge  dioc'  Eiienf  qua- 
draginta  dies  indulgentle. 

Ex  regro  Fordham  epi  El',  f.  1 1 .  6. 

Anno  Dili  1391,  24  die  Jan.  Diis  contulit  DIio  Thome  de  Patefle  hofpitale 
alias  liberam  capellam  Ste  Marie  Magdalene  de  Sterefbrugge  per  refignacoeni 
Thome  Flatte  ctici  ex  caufa  psrmutacois  cum  ecclia  paroch'  de  Walde  Newton 
Line'  dioc'  vacante'et'ad  collacoem  diii  epi  Eliens  fpeftantem. 

'  Commiffio  direfl'  magro  Jotii  Potton  commifTar'  Diii  Willmo  de  Oakeham  de- 
can'  Cantebr'  et  W.  Cokeneffe  et  non  a'rchid'  ad  eum  ipiducend'. 

Reg' Fordham,  £.30.  a. 

A.  D.  1391,  29  Jan.  Dns  contulit  magro  Metefeld  bacal'  in  Iegibus'li6rpitale 
alias  liberam  capellam  de  Sterefbrugge  fue  collacois  vacantem  p  refignac'  Tho.  Fu- 
tefte  fupradict'. 

Commiffio  direcla  fuit  magro  Jotii  Albon  et  Nictio  Depyns  in  legiBs  bacal*  ad 
eum  inducend'.     lb. 

A.  D.  1395  8°  die  Febr.  Diis  contulit  magro  Johi  Metefeld  clico  cuftodiam 
five  magifterium  libere  capelle  five  hofpitalis  B.  Marie  Magd'  de  Sterefbrugge  g 
liberam  refignacoem  Diii  Joliis  Wynkeperie  vacantem. 

lb.  f.  ^^.  2. 

A.  D.  1402,  28  die  0£t.  Diis  contulit  Dno  Rot)to  Flatte  presbrum  liberam  ca- 
pellam B.  Marie  Magd'  de  Sterefbrugge  p  iib'  refign'  magri  Johis  Metefeld  ult' 
cuflodis  ejufd'  capelle  five  hofpitalis  vacantem  feu  vacans  et  ad  coliacoern  diii  fpec- 
tant. 

Reg'  Fordha,  f.  77.  b. 
*  A  2  AD. 


4  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 

A.  D.  1403,  3  die  Od.  Dns  contulii  magro  Johi  Metefeld  utriufq  juris  licen- 
ciato  liberam  capellam  five  hofpitale  B.  Marie  Magd'  de  Sterefbrugge  p  reCgn'  Dni 
RoBti  Flatte  ult'  ciiftodis  ejufd'  vacantem  feu  vacans. 

lb.  f.  83.  b. 

J.  Metefeld  confanguineus  epi  El'  fuit. 

A.  D.  1408,  28  die  0(flobris.  Dns  contulit  magrum  JoKis  Metefeld  utrufq  jure 
licenciato  capell'  five  hofpit'  B.  Marie  Magd'  de  Sterefbrugge  p  lib'  refign'  magri 
Willmi  Waltham  ulc'  cuftodis  five  magri  ejufd'  cap'  five  hofp'  vacantem. 

lb.  f.  103.  b. 


N"   IV. 


THOMAS  permiflionc  divina  eps  Elicnf  dile£lis  filiis  perpetuo  vicario  eccle 
paroch'  S.  Trinitatis  Cantbr*  nofl'  dioc'  ac  omnib'  et  fingulis  ipfius  ecctie 
parochianis  falutem,  gratiam,  et  ben'.  Quia  ficut  accepimus  feftum  dedicationis 
eccte  vre  predidte  tempore  nundinar'  de  Sterefbrigg'  prope  viliam  Cantebr'  fupra- 
dict*  annis  fingulis  contingebat,  vofq  eccte  predidte  parochiani  circa  negotiationes 
vras  et  alia  mundana  opera  nundinar'  hujufmodi  occafione  adeo  fuifliis  multipli- 
citer  occupaci  qd  diiSho  dedicationis  felto  ad  ecctm  vra  predid.'  debite  accedere,  aut 
divinis  inibi  oblequiis  interefl~e  devote  minlme  potuiftis  prout  in  hac  parte  plcnius 
fumus  informati,  nos  igitur  ex  caufis  fupradiftis  et  aliis  legitimis  nos  in  hac  parte 
moventibus  feftum  dedicationis  hujufmodi  ufq  ad  novum  diem  menfis  Odobris  ad 
laudem  Dei  ampliand'  et  vram  devotionem  divinis  obfequiis  ferventius  excitandam 
duxiaius  falubriter  transferend'.  Quocirca  univerfitati  \rx  precipiendo  mandamus 
quatenus  ordinacoem  nram  in  hac  parte  debite  acceptantes  feftum  dedicacionis 
ccclie  vre  fupradifte  dido  nono  die  menfis  fupradidi  fub  annis  fingulis  in  futur' 
folempniter  ceiebratis,  et  ad  didam  ecctm  vram  Ipfo  die  devote  accedentes  votivis 
orationibus  a  Deo  fatagatis  vror'  delidorum  promereri.  Dat'  apud  Dytton  16° 
die  Julii  anno  Dni  MCCCLXXVI,  et  nrc  confec'  tertio. 

Ex  regno  Arundel  epi  Elienf,  f.  18. 


N"  V. 


OF    STURBRIDGE    FAIR. 


N°  V. 


Charta  pro  feria  Sturbrigenfi  tenenda. 


RE  X  *  archiepis,  epis,  ducibus,  comitibus,  &c.  falutem.    Cum  p  quand*  infor- 
macoem  p  Jotinem  Baker  generalem  attorn'  nrum  qui  pro  nobis  tunc  fequc- 
batur  in  cuiia  nra  coram  juftic'  Hris  ad  plita  coram   nobis   tenend'  affign'  die  Mer- 
curii  prox'  poft  craftinum  Purificationis  Bta;  Maris  anno  nro  regni  xxx"''  p  manus 
fuas  ^prias  verfus  majorem,   battios,  et  burgenfes  villas  Cancabr'  in  com'  Cantabr* 
exhibitam  expofit'  et  dat'  fuit  eidem  curire  intelligi  et  informari  quod  did:i   major, 
baltii,  et  burgenfes  predidje  villae  Cantabr'  in  com'  Cantabr'  p  quatuor  annos  tunc 
e'lapfos  et  amplius  ufi  fuerunt  et  ad  tunc  utebantur  habere  nundinas  five  feriam 
apud  Bernewell  et  Sturbridge  in  com'  pdco  in  craflino  Sti  Banholomei  Apli  et  ab 
eodem  craflno  continue  ulq'  quartum  decimum  diem  prox'  pofl  feftum  exaltatlonis 
Sta?  Crucis  fequen'  finguHs  annis  tenend'  cum  omib'  libertatib'  et  liberis  confuetu- 
dinib'  ad  hujuhn'  feriam  feu  nundinas  fpedtant'  et  ptinent',  necnon  liabere  et  te» 
nere  ibm  p  totum  tempus  predi6t'  p  fenefcallum  et  alios  miniftros  fuos  cur'  ped' 
pulvenfat'  et  colore  ejufdem  attachar'  nonnullos  lubditos  nros  ad  nundinas  feu  fe- 
riam circumfluentes,  ac  eos  tam  p  corpora  quam  p  bona  et  cattella  fua  multociens 
inquietare  et  aggravare,  ac  diverfas  fines  et  amerciamenta  de  ligiis  fubditis  Tiris 
capere  et  ad  folum  commodum  diftor'  major'  balliviorum  et  burgenluim   detinere  et 
convertere,  ac  etiam  habere  omnimod'  alias  forisfafturas  et  regalicates  quafcunq  in- 
fra prcecin(flum  nundinarura  et  feria  pred'  apud  Barnevvell  et  Sturbrig  predict' 
annuatim  tempore   ferije  feu  nundinarum    earund'  contingent'  de  quib'  omibs  et 
fingulis  libertatib'  et  franchef,  fupradift'  prjed'  major'  baltii,  et  burgenfes  p  fpa- 
tiura  didorum  quatuor  annor'  fup  nos  apud  Bernewell  et  Sturbrige  in  diflo  com' 
Cantabr'  ufurpaverunt  in  iiri  et  nrse  regi^  prerogatives  grave  dampnum  et  pre- 
judicium  ac  in  magnum  contemptum  nrum,  unde  prediiTt'  Johes  Baker  petiit  ad- 
vifamentum  curise  predidt'  in  premiflis,  ficq  pred'  major,  baltii,  et  burgenfes  pra:- 
muniabantur  ad   refpondend'    nobis    quo    warranto    clamabant    habere   libertatesj 
franchefias,  ac  privilegia  fupradifta  p  quod  preceptum  fuit  vicecom  Cant'  p  breve 
nrum  qd  non  omitteret  propter  aliquam  libertatem  in  ballivia  fua  quin  venire  fac' 
coram' nobis  ad  certum  diem  in  did\o  brevi  iiro  content'  ubic'o.nq  tunc  effemus  in 

*  Henry  Vin.    John  Baker  was  attorney  general  from  s8  to  31  pf  his  reign.  .See  Dugdalc 
Chronica  feries,  p.  85. 

4  An^lia. 


6  APPHINDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 

Anglla  majorcm,  battios,  et  burg'  villje  Cant'  in  difto  com'  Cant'  ad  refpondend' 
nobis  quo  wairanro  clamabant  habere  diverfas   libertates  et  fraunchefias  in   com' 
prced'.     Unde  impetiti  fuerunt,    et  poflmodum,  fcilt'  die  Lunse  prox'  poft  crafli- 
num  afcenfionis  Dili  aijno  regni  nri  xxxi'"°  coram  nobis  apud  Weftm'  vener'  pre- 
dict' major,  battii,  et  burgenf  g  attornat'  fuum,  et  habito  audita  premiffor'  petie- 
runt   inde   diem  interloquendi  ufq  in   Oftavis  Ste  Trinitatis  tunc   prox'  futur'  et 
cis  concedebatur,   aiiilq  diverfis   diebus  prefat'  major,  ball'  et  burgenf  in  hunc 
modum  concef  tandem  dies  '^at'  fiiif  eifd'  majori,    balti    ei  burgenf  ufq  diem 
Mercurii  in  Craftino  Sti  Jdllnis  Baptje  anno  regni  nri  tricefimo   coram  nobis  apud 
Wellin'.     Et  fi  idem   major,   ballii   et  burgenf  fedente  curia    tunc  et   ibm  nihil 
in  extincoem  informationis  pred'  dixiffent  qd  tunc  omnes  et  finguli  libertates  et 
franchefuie  pred'  in  manus.  nras  feilirentur,  et  remanerent.  ■  Jid  quos  diem  et  locum 
coram  nobis  veneruni  predi'fli  major,  ballii,  et  burgenf- exaft'  p  attornat' fuum  et 
nihil  pro  jure  et  titul'o  fuis  ad  habend',  clamand'  feu  utend'  eis  et  fuccelTpri^)' Tiris. 
libertates,  jurifdifiiones,  et  privilegia  pred'  placitaverunt,  nee  aliqi.iid  in  extiiicpein 
informationis  pred'  dixerunt :   fug  quo  vifis  et  p  cur'  pred'  intelleflis  omhl6ps  et  (in- 
gulis   premiiiis  maturaq  deliberacoe-  lup   indc   prius   hablta  concefTum    ftiit    quod 
omnes  et  fingula:  libertates,  fraunchefia?,  et  privilegia  in  informaeoe   pred'   fpeci- 
ficat' in  manus  iiras  feifireutur   et   remanerent.,     E^t'qd  pred' major,  baltji,  et  bur- 
genfes  capercnrur  ad  fatisfaciencf  nobis,  deredemptione  f^a'^^^^     utii'kt.iiturpatione 
fuis  fup  nos  de  libertatibus,  fraun'chefiis,  j'urifdi6lionib'>e't  privileg^is  prediclis  prout, 
p  recordum   inde   in   cur'  nra   prsdicta  refiden'  plenius'lpo'terit  ap^^;-ere,  et  licet 
predift'  major,   batlii,  et  burg'  habeant  diverfas  cartas,  et.tras  pat^ntes  progeni- 
t'orum  nofirorum  quondam  regum  Angliae  et  confirinacoes  earunjJ    pi-ed'  feriam  ac 
nonnulja  privilegia,  auftoritates,  jurifdidiones,  et  libertates  eis^et.predecefforil^'  fuis 
fa6t'  et  concell'  p  verba  generalia  et  noh  plane  fpecificat'pi-obanteVet.iteftificuntes, 
uc  accepimus,   ipli  tamen  nobifcum  in  plito  prosd'  contendere  nokhtes  ac  libertates 
fuas  predidas  contra  nos   defehdere  rccufantes  p  certos  .difcretos  bu'rgenfes,  ejufd' 
villae    in    ea    parts    fufHcienter    aud^orifatos    ad   pfonam    iiram  regiam  accedentes. 
feipfos    ac  omnia   jura,   jurif-liftlones,    privilegia,  et  libertates  qu«    in    feria  five 
nundiriis  ac  libertatib'  pvedidis  in   informacoe  predi£l'  fpecificat'  unquam  habue-r , 
iimt  lirzE  regiJE  voluntati  et  bene  placito  fubmifcrunt  humillime. 

Supplicantes  quatenus   nos  gratiam  nram   eis  de  contemptu  et  ufurpatione  fuis 
pred'  ac  de  rcdemptione  fua  in  hac  parte  impertire  ac   eand'   feriam   five  nuudinas  ^ 
ac  libertates,  franchefia,  et  privilegia  prced' non  folum  eis  reftituere,  fed  eand' feriam ; 
five  nundinas  fub  exprefTo  nomine  Sturbridge  Payer  fub  modo  et  forma  inferius '" 
defcript'  pro  furfia  mille  marcarum   noTe  finis  in  hac  parte   folvend'  did'  majori, 
baltiis,  et  burg'  et  eorum  fucceflorib'  confirmare  et  p  chartam  nratp.eis  inde. con- j 
ficicnd' de  novo  concederc  dignaremur;   unde  nos  attendentes  et  plene' intelligeutes  , 
maximum  relevamen  et  fubfidium  p  qd  didns  burgus  five  villa  in  annuis  fumptib*^ 
et  onerib'*  fup  fupportatur  et  nianutcnetur  confiftere  et  eife  ratione  feriae  five  nun- 
dinarum  pra^d'  aiq  quafi  integram  feodam  firmam  nram  vi.llje  prtedid'  nobis  annua- 
tim  debet  in  eifd'  nundinis  five    feria;    annuatim    colligi  et  levari    maxima   queq 
alia  beneficia  et  conioda  tam  ad  omnium  fubditorum  iirorum  in  dido  burgo  de- 

gen'tiuin 


O.  F    S  T  U  R  B  R  I  D  G  E    F  A  I  H,  7 

gentium  et  inhabitant'  quam  alioium  illuc  confluentium  fuflentacoem  ct  relevamen 
occaCone  ferine  five  nundiriarum  illarura  contigere  et  accederc,  pietate  moti  ate]  fiip- 
plicationib'  pra:fatorum  major'  bafliorum,  et  burgenf  favorabiliter  inclinati,  nec- 
ron  diftam  villam  five  buigum  iirum  Cantabr'  raanutenere  et  fupportare  volentes, 
feriam  pred'  five  nundinas  ac  omnes  et  hngulas  libeitatcs,  franchei"'  et  privileg'  ia 
inforniacoe  predift'  fpecificat'  prediftis  majori,  baltis,  et  burg'  rclliiulraus  p  pre- 
fentes,  judicio  predi£lo  fi.ip  informacioe  ilia  habico  npn  obilante  utriufq  eaiid'  fe- 
riain  five  nundinas  vocat'  Sturbrige  Fayre  cum  orfib'  libertatib*  et  liberis  confue- 
tudinib'  ac  comoditatib',  proficuis,  et  auttoritatibus  quibuicunq'  quibus  ipfi  in.ijor, 
baltii,  burg'  et  predeceflbres  fui  ante  hzec  tempora  ibm  utebantur  et  gaudebant  ac 
uti  et  gaudere  folebant  eild'  majori,  balliis,  et  burgenf  non  folum  ratificand'  et 
confirmand'  prout  p  prefentes  ratificamus  et  confirmaiuus,  fed  etiam  de  novo  duxi- 
mus  concedend',  et  eifd'  majori,  battiis,  et  burg'  de  contemptu,  ufu,  ct  ufurpacoe 
pred'  pardonand'.  Sciatis  igitur  qd  nos  de  gta  nra  fpeciali  et  ex  certa  fcientia  et 
mere  motu  iiris  pardonavimns,  rtmifimus,  et  relaxavimus  prscfatis  majori,  baitiis, 
et,  burg'  villffi  five  burgi  iiri  Cant'  alit'  dicl'  majori,  baitiis,  ct  burg'  yiluie  Cant'  in 
com'  Cant'  feu  quocunq  alio  noie  five  quibufcunq  aliis  nominib'  iidem  major,  baffii, 
et  burg'  cenfeantur,  omnes  et  fingulos  contemptus,  ufus,  ufurpationes,  tranfgref- 
fiones,  intrufiones,  abufus,  et  malefaft'  contra  nos,  dignitatem  iiram  rejiiam  et  nrara 
.coronam  in  utend'  tenend'  exercend'  appundluand'  et  cufi;odiend'  feriam  five  nun- 
.dinas  prsed'  ac  omnia  et  fingula  afbones,  feft'  querel'  informacoes,  et  demand'  quae 
EOS  verlus  cofdem  majorem,  ballios,  et  burg'  ratione  prsmiiTor'  vel  eornm  alicuj' 
habemus,  habuimus,  leu  habere  poterimus  quovifmod'  necnon  omnia  et  fingula  ju- 
dicia,  condempnacoes,  et  executiones  verfus  diftos  majorem,  battios,  et  burgenf  lug 
pra^miffis  vel  aliquo  prjemidorum  ante  hsc  tempora  reddit'  adjudicat'  ac  etiam 
omnia  et  fingula  fines,  amerciairenta,  penalitat'  forisfaft'  impriibnamenta,  fatis- 
•facoes,  ac  redemptiones  quas  ipfi  erga  nos  occafione  premiflbr'  vel  alior'  eorum 
incurrere  debent  feu  debuerunt,  et  ulterius  nos  ob  amorem  et  afre(Sionem  quos 
crga  divSt'  villam  nrani  five  burgenf  Cant'  ad  majorem,  ballios,  et  burg'  ejufd' 
villa  five  burgi  gerimus  et  habemus  de  gra  iira  fpeciali  ac  certa  fcientia  et  mero 
motu  iiris  necnon  in  confideratione  didtce  fums  miile  marcarum  nobis  ut  preinit- 
titur  lolvend'  conceffimns  et  per  prefentes  concedimus  pro  nobis  et  heredib'  iiris  pre- 
fat'  majori,  balliis,  et  burgenf  villce  five  burgi  iiri  Cant'  prsedift'  qd  ipfi  et  fuccef- 
fores  fui  imppetuum  feriam  five  nundinas  infra  burgum  prted'  et  villam  de  Berne- 
well  et  in  campis  de  Sturbrige  et  Barnewell  prted'  in  difio  com'  Cant'  p  hoc  no- 
men  Sturbrig  Fayer  a  fefto  Sti  Bartholomei  Apli  ufq  fefl:um  Michis  ArchangeU 
cxtunc  prox'  fequent'  cum  ombus  et  omnimodis  libertatib'  privilegiis,  et  liberis  con- 
fuetud'  ad  hujusm  feriam  five  nundinas  aliquo  tempore  pcrtinentib'  five  fpeflant* 
feu  fpeftare  et  ptinere  debent'  quare  volumus  et  firmiter  precipirnus  pro  nobis  et 
fucceflTorib'  iiris  prxd'  qd  prefati  nunc  major,  battii,  et  burg'  et  fucceflTores  fui 
villas  iirse  Cantabr'  predict'  habeant  et  teneant  ac  habere  et  renere  poffint  et  va- 
leant  fingulis  annis  imppetuum  did:am  feriam  five  nundinas  infra  burgum  predifl*  ac 
villam  de  Barnewell  et  in  campis  de  Sturbrige  et  Barnewell  predid'  p  hoc  nomen 
Sturbrig  Fayer  a  diao  fcfco  Sti  Banhi  Apli  ufq  di(.T  feltum  Sti  Michis  Archi' 

extuac 


t  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 

extunc  prox'  fcquem'  cum  omBs  et  omniirodis  libertatib'  privilegiis,  ac  libefls  con» 
fuetudinib'  ad  hujufm'  feriam  five  nundinas  aliquo  tempore'  ptilientib'  fpeftantib' 
-ficuc  piaedi^um  eft  ;  et  qiioniam  ad  feriam  five  nundinas  illas  vocat'  Sturbrig  Fayer 
non  foliim  mercatoriim  pro  rebus  et  mercandizis  fijis  ibm  esponend'  noltrorum  fub- 
ditorum  .p  totius  regni  'iiri  Anglije  et  aliorum  dominiorum  nrorum  circuitum  nec- 
Tion  extraneoriHTi  pro  rebus  et  rnercandizis  ibm  emend'  et  venilend'  maxinius  et 
frequentiflimus  fit  concurfus,  volumus  ac  per  pra?rentes  conceaimus  qd  prefati 
major,  battii,  et  burgcnf  ac  fiicceffores  fu\  cum  congrua  affiftenc'  recordator'  et 
alderman'  ejufd'  villae  five  burgi  ac  cum  alio  debito  apparatu  et  ornatn  ""igulis  an»- 
'nis  imperpetiium  aliquo  uno  die  feu  divcrfis  diebus  in  fefio  feu  pofl:  dicinm  fefturh 
Sti  Baritii  quem  vel  quos  iidem  major,  baltii,  et  burg'  juxta  difcretiones  fuas 
ad  hoc  affign'  tarn  infra  burgum  fiVe  villam  Cant'  et  libertatem  ejufd'  qu-im  infra 
viliam  et  campos  de  Sturbrig  et  Barnewell  pradift'  dift'  feriam  five  nundinas  per 
iwmen  de  Sturbrig  Fayer  incipiend'  et  tenend'  proclamare  valeant,  et  itJm  pacera 
inram  ab  embus  obfervare  et  cuilodire  noie  liro  mandari  faciant,  et  qd  ipfi  major, 
■batlii,  ct  burg'  cc  fucQtflores  fui  ab  ilia  feria  five  nundinis  inceptis  in  aliquo  loco 
congruo  infra  limites  et  bundas  ejufdem  feriae  five  nundinarum  habeant  et  teneant 
ac  habere  et  lenere  poflTmt  imppetuum  durante  fcria  live  nundinis  predi^'  cur* 
pedis  pulverifat'  p  recordator'  five  fenefcallum  fuum  cuftod'  et  tenend'  et  qnod 
-didi  recordator  five  fencfcaJlus  fuus  cur'  pred'  tenens  habeat  cognitionem  et  deter- 
"niinationem  omnium  et  fingulorum  plitorum  et  que\;clarum  tarn  omnium  et  era' 
nimod'  debitorum,  conrrafluum,  conventionum,  et  tranfgreffionum,  qoam  aliarum 
•caufarum  quarumcunq  tarn  inter  mercatores  quam  alios  fubdicos  iiros  et  extraneos 
quofcuniq  infra  limites  et  bundas  ferise  five  nundinarum  emergentium  five  con- 
tingent' et  cadem  placita  five  querela;  juxta  legem  et  confuetudinem  regni  iiri 
Angfue  haftenus  in  hujufm'  cur'  ufitat'  et  juxta  formam  ftatuti  inde  edit'  et  provif 
•^udiend'  et  finaliter  terminand'  ac  debitam  txecutionem  demandand'  in  fam  amplis 
niodo  et  forma  i)rout  ditfti  major,  baitii,  et  burg'  villfe  prcdift'  vel  predeceilbres  fin 
antehac  ufi  fuerunt  et  non  aliter,  et  qd  difti  major,  ballii,  et  burgenf  et  fuceeflbrei 
fui  p  ecnum  fervientes  et  miniftros  quofcunq  tranfgrelTores  infra  limites  et  bun-das 
ferice  five  nundinarum  illarum  compert'  ct  exiflent'  tam  p  corpora  fua  areftare 
quam  p  bona  et  catella  fua  attachiare  et  falvce  cullodije  comiuittere  donee  de  iranf- 
grellionibus  p  ipfas  perpetrat'  plene  fatisfac',  ac  fines  quofcunq  pro  hujufm'  tranf- 
greflionibus  ac  alia  quccuuq  fines,  amerciamenta,  exitus,  et  forisfaft'  infra  didlam 
feriam  five  nundinas  contingent'  et  in  diet'  curia  debit'  affifa  capere,  recipere,  le- 
vare,  et  habere,  eaq  omnia  et  fingula  ad  proprios  ufus  convertere  et  habere  pofllnt 
et  valeant  abfq  interruptione,  moleftatione,  mipedimcnto,  feu  gravamine  riri  vel  he- 
red'  nrorum  jullic'  efcaetorum,  vicecomit'  aut'  aliorum  baltiorum  feu  minillrorum 
nrorum  vel  hered'  lirorum  aut  aliorum  quorumcunq  abfq  computo,  &c.  Concef- 
fimns  infiipcr  ct  ])er  prefcntes  conced.mus  pro  nobis  et  hered'  iiris  pred'  majo^i, 
batlils,  et  burgenf  burgi  five  villa:  pred'  qd  ipfi  et  fuccefibres  fui  imppetuum  ha- 
beant et  teneant  ac  habere  et  tenere  polTint  di<f^as  nundinas  five  feriam  vocat* 
Sturbrig  Fayer  tarn  fu:  er  folo,  fundo,  et  terris  in  campis  Sturbrig  et  B.)rncwcll 
et  Scmpryngham  vulgaricer  diit'  le  Whyte  Chanons  juxta  Cantabrig'  fuper  folo, 
■  fundo, 


O  F    S  T  U  R  B  R  I  D  G  E    F  A  I  Fu  9 

fnndo,  et  terra  it5m  ptinen'  capell^e  Bte  Marite  Magdalenas  voc'  Sturbrig  Cliappel 
■quam  fuper  folo,  fundo,  et  terra  quorumcunq  alior'  infra  fines,  limites,  et  bundas 
tiLirgi,  villic,  et  camporum  pra^d'  et  qd  ipfi  opell'  dockas,fliopas,  et  ilallas  vulgariter 
di(ft'  boothes,  dockes,  (hoppes,  et  ftalles  quofcunq  neceflarias  pro  mercandizis,  vic- 
lualib'  vafis  batell',  ct  meicimon'  ibm  ponend'  cxponend'  et  vendend'  sedificarc, 
fodere,  et  preparare  poffint  et  valeant  in  tam  amplis  et  confimilibus  modo  et 
forma  prout  ipll  antehac  ibm  a;diticare,  t'otlere,  et  preparare  confuevemnt ;  et  volu- 
mus  ac  per  prefentes  concedimus  pro  nobis  et  hercdibiis  nris  pred'  prefat'  majori, 
balliis,  et  burg'  qd  ipfi  et  luccefTores  fui  burgenfes  burgi  feu  villte  Cantabr'  prcd' 
inippetuum  foil  habeant,  teneant,  ct  podideant  opcUas,  dockas,  fliopas,  et  ftallas, 
intra  nundinas  five  feriam  prediftam,  ac  in  edificand'  fodiend'  conflituend'  five  fiend' 
in  tam  amplis  modo  et  forma  prout  ipfi  praeantea  habuerunt  et  tenuerunt,  et  pro- 
hibemus  qd  nullus  torinfecus  non  exiilens  burgenfis  burgi  five  villcC  Cantabr' 
prffid'  aliquas  opelias,  dockas,  (hopas,  five  ftallas  infra  nundinas  five  feriam  prted* 
habent  et  tenent  five  pofiidcnt  a  die  emanationis  brevis  nri  prsd'  de  quo  war- 
ranto habuerunt,  tenuerunt,  feu  poifiderunt,  vel  habere,  poffidere,  et  tenere  confue- 
verunt,  habere,  tenere,  et  poflidere  valeant  et  poffint,  valeatq  et  poffit  eafd' juxta  et 
fecundum  ordinationes  et  liatuta  per  majorem,  recordat'  alderman'  ec  commune 
confilium  burgi  live  villse  Cantabr'  predict',  vel  majorem  partem  eorund'  in  ea 
parte  fiend'  et  ftabiliend'  et  juxta  et  fecundum  crdinationem  nrara  inferius  decla- 
ratam.  Concefiimus  igitur  ac  per  prefentes  concedimus  pro  nobis  et  heredib'  iiiis 
prefat'  majori,  battiis,  et  burg'  qd  mnjor  et  quatuor  princlpales  confiliar'  burgi  five 
villae  prffid'  pro  tempore  exiftent'  cum  conlenfu  communis  confilii  burgi  illius,  vel 
major  pars  eorund'  quorum  diftos  majorem  et  duos  de  diiflis  quatuor  principalib' 
confiliar'  pro  tempore  exifl:ent'  tres  effe  volumus,  lotiens  quotiens  fibi  placuerit  auc 
fore  videbitur  expedire  feipfos  in  Gilda  Aula  burgi  prsd'  infra  eundem  burgum 
exillent'  congregate  et  convenire  poffint  tt  valeant,  et  ibm  leges,  ordinationes,  ec 
flatuta  tam  pro  falvatione,  commodo,  et  utilitate  burgi  pra;d'  ac  bono  regimine, 
gubernatione,  tuitione,  et  manutentione  nundinar'  five  ferine  prccdift'  quam  pro 
iccuritate  illorum  burgcnfium  qui  hujufm'  opelias,  dockas,  fiiopas,  five  fialJa 
it5m  habent  et  tenent,  et  pro  difpofitione  ct  concinuatione  earundem  de  tempore  in 
tempus  condere,  facere,  ordinare,  et  ftabilire,  ac  eafdem  leges,  ordinationes,  et  ilatuia, 
fecundum  fanas  difcretiones  fu.;s  prout  cafus  et  rei  neceflitas  exigeret  mutare  et  re- 
formare  ;  necnon  ea  oia  et  lingula  in  executionem  de  tempore  in  tempus  poncrc 
et  demandare  prout  eis  melius  videbitur  expedire  poflint  et  valeant  imppetuum  abfq 
impedimento  uri  vel  heredum  nrorum  aut  aliquorum  quorumcunq.  ita  femper  qd 
idem  major,  quatuor  principales  conhliarii,  aldermanni,  et  coinune  confilium  n 
hujufm'  leges  er  rtatuta  ordinare  debent  qd  omnes  et  finguli  tales  burgenfes  burgi 
prasd'  qui  ad  folutionem  r\\€tx  fumx-  mille  marcar'  contribuentes  fuerunt  ac  pro  fo- 
lutione  earund'  nobis  obligati  exitlunt  ec  eorum  heredes  habeant,  teneant,  dc  gau- 
deant  fibi  et  heredibus  fuis  imppetuum  omnes  et  fingulas  hujufm'  ec  confimiles 
opelias,  dockas,  (hopas,  ct  ibiUas,  ac  libertatem  faciend'  confiruend'  cpdificand'  five 
locand'  eafd'  opelias,  dockas,  fiiopas,  et  fiallas  infra  precinftum  nundinar'  hve  feria; 
pried'  quales  et  quas  ipfi  aut  eorum   aliquis  modo   hubent   feu    habet  aut  ante 

'*  I>  aliqLio 


lo  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 

aliquo  tempore  habuerunt  feu  habent ;  noUimus  enim  quod  illi  burgenTes  feu  alH 
qui  non  tribuerunc   funvac   preclii^ae  habeant  nee  habere  leu  clamare  poffunt  nee  de- 
beant  aliqnas  opcllas,  dockas,  ftopas  five  flallas,  neque  libertatem  facieiid',  conflru- 
end',  a?dihcand',  feu  locand'  bujufm'  opellas,  dockas,  fh(;pas  five  ftalias  infia  prae- 
cinc\um   nundinar'  five   ferin?  pr^ed'  nifi   taniummodo    fecnndum   leges,   ftatuta,  et 
ordinationes  qua;  pra?d'  major,  quatuor  confiliarii,  aldermanni,  et  coe  coni'dium  in  ea 
part'  faciant,  fed  ab  omni  jure,  tirulo,  et  interefTe  fuis  in  ;'■  lem  penitus  iint  exclufi 
imppet' ;  et  ulteritis  qd  ipfi  fimiliter  ordinare  poffint  fi  volueiint  aur  neceffarium  foro 
videbitur  qd  omnes  et  finguli   hujufm'  btngenf    burgi   five  villa;  pritd' qui  ^liquas 
opellas,  dockas,  (hopas  five  ilallas  infra  nundinas  five  feriam  prced'  in  piselcnt!  ha- 
benr,  tencnt,  et  poffident,  ct  in  futuro  habere,  tenere,  et  puilidere  contigerint  eafd' 
opeHas,  dockas,  Ibopas   five   flallas  habeant  et  teneant  fibi  hevedib'  et  aflionat'  fuis 
jure  hereditario  imppetuum,  ita   femper  quod  jus  hereditar'  illud  ad   aliquem  bur- 
genfem  burgi   five   villffi   prsed'  omnino  defctndat ;  et  tamen  ulterius  ordinary  pof- 
fint qd  bene  liceat   hujufm'  burgenfib'  diftas  opellas,  flaopas  five  fla!!r.s  ad  pijefens 
habentib'  et  impofierum   habere  contingentib'  eas  omnes  et  fingulas  cuicunq  al' 
burgenf  burgi  illius  five  cuicunq  filio   fuo  five  filiae  aut  filio  five  filis  alterius  bur-- 
genf  illius  burg'  vendcre,  alienare,  ac  per  ultimam  fuam  voluntatem  licite  et  libera 
difponere  et  legate  poffint  et  valcant.     Et  ulterius  voUimus  et  per  prefentes  conce- 
dimus  pro  nobis  et  heredib'  liris   prefatis  majori.  battiis,  et  burgenf  et  fucceflbr* 
fuis,  qd  major,  aldermanni,  et  coe  confilium  difti   burgi   five  vills  vel  major  pars 
eorund'  pro    tempore    exifl:ent'   quofcunq    inhabitautes    infra   univerfitatem    iiram 
Cant'  de  tempore  in  tempus  affeflare  poflint  et  onerare  ad  folvend'  et  contribuend' 
id  qd  necelTariuin  fore  videbitur  pro  falvatione,  defenfione,  manuteniione,  et  luitiona 
vilkc  five  burgi   iiri   prasdcam  contra  et  adverfus  impetus  et  fluxus  aquarum  ibm 
contingentium  quam  pro  emendend'  ftratas  et  venellas  villiE  five  burgi  praedid'  ae 
vias  ad  villam  five  burgum  prsed'  et  feriam  five  nundinas  prsed'  ducentes,  ac  pro 
aliis  negotiis  ct  caufis  de  cetero  ibm  emergent'  et  fiend'  cancellario,  magris,  fcolarib* 
et  fludenribus  di<^e  liras  univerfitatis  et  corum  fuccefforib'  omnino  exceptis.     Et  li 
aliqua  fuma  congrua  et  necefi^aria  impofterum  fuper  inhabitantes  prediitos  infra  vil- 
l.un  five  burgum  przed'  pro  tempore  exillen'  ex  caufis  prediflis  per  diftos  majorem^ 
aldermannos,  et  coe  confilium  prad*  pro  tempore  cxiftentes  vel  majorem  partem 
eorund'  determinari,  aflignari,  vel  imponi  contigerit,  tunc  major  villa  five  burgi  prad' 
pro  tempore  exiftens  habeat  plenam  virtutem  prefentium  [et]  poteftatem  eandem 
I'umam  per  fervientes  fuos  ad  hoc  dcputand'  de  tempore  in  tempus  levand'  petend' 
ct  coUigcnd'  ac  eandem  furaam  fie  levatam  et  colleftam  per  et  fuper  vifum  et  difcre- 
tionem  ipforum   niajoris   et   aldermannorum  feu  majoris  partis  eorund'  in  ufum,  de- 
fcnfionem,  emendationem,  tuitionem,  et  manutentionem  feriae  five  nundinarum  ac 
villx   five  burgi  et  viarum  pra'd'  convertend'   et  applicand'.     Et  fi   aliquem  vel 
aliquos  hujufm'  levatione  contradicentes   feu   repugnantes   invenerint,  tunc  ipfum 
vel  iplas  fie  contradicentes  et  repugnantes  fccundum  difcretionem  fuam   puniend* 
et  caftigaiKi' ;   provifo  femper  qd  hjec  prefens  conceffio  iira  ficut  premittitur  pras-. 
fatis  majori,  balliis,   et   burgenf'   villae  pred'  aut  aliqua  parcclla  per  nos  concell* 
feu  fa€t'  nullo  mode  fe  extend'  in  dampnum,  detrimentum,  et  prejudicium  Ijte- 

rarum 


OF    STUR  BRIDGE     FAIR. 


M 


rarum  nrarum  patentinm  p  nos  feu  progenitores  nras  cancellarlo,  magris,  fcolarib* 
et  earum  fiicceilbr'  in  iiniverfitate  villa  fiije  Cant'  de  et  fuper  aliqnibus  liLer- 
tatibus,  privilegiis,  et  franchefiis  ante  hsc  tempora  per  nos  feu  progenitores  liros 
fub  magno  figillo  Anglia;  fa6l'  feu  conccfT';  fed  qd  difli  canccUar',  magri,  et  fco- 
lares  et  eoriim  fucceflbres  habere  et  poflidere  valeant  habeantq  et  poffidcant  omnes 
et  omnimodas  libertates,  franchefias,  et  privilegia  in  diftis  Iris  patentib'  en  per 
nos  feu  progenitores  nras  prseantea  conceff'  ac  eis  uti  et  gaudere  poffint  adco 
'libere,  quiete,  et  pacifice,  prout  idem  cancellarius,  magri,  fcolares,  et  eorum  fuc- 
ceflbres pretextu  trariim  patent'  prasd'  habere^  poflidere,  uti,  ct  gaudere  debean- 
et  valeant,  aut  habere  confueverunt,  abfq  perturbatione,  impedimento,  molefla- 
tione,  diftriiftione,  feu  calumnia  diftorum  majoris,  balliorum,  et  burgenf  vei  fuc- 
ceflbr'  fuorum  feu  aliquorum  juflitiar'  efcaetor'  vicecomit'  aut  alior'  officiar*  feu 
minirtror' iirorum  quoruracunq;  difta  concefTione  nra  eifd'  majori,  balliis,  et  burgenf 
five  aliqua  in  eadem  contenta,  recitata,  et  fpecificata,  aut  aliquibus  aliis  ftatutis,  ac- 
tibus,  ordinationib',  provifionib',  feu  prociamationib'  in  parliamento  pro  feu  extra 
parliamentum  in  contrarium  ante  h£ec  tempora  fadt*  feu  concefi"'  aut  impofterum 
faciend'  feu  concedend',  aut  aliqua  alia  re,  caufa,  vel  materia  quacunq  in  aliquo 
non  obfl:ante,  et  ulterius  volumus,  et  per  prefentes  concedinius,  qd  diifli  major,  baJ- 
lii,  et  burgenf  habeant  banc  cartam  iiram  figillo  liro  figillat'  abfq  fine  feu  feodo 
magno  vel  parvo  nobis  in  hanaperio  cancellar'  nro  feu  alibi  ad  ufum  lirum  red- 
dend'  feu  folvend',  eo  qd  exprefia  mentio,  &c. 

Ex  Mifcellan.  P.  inter  Cod.  MSS.,  in  C.  C.  C.C.  f.  302. 


B  2  K'VI, 


i»  APPENDIX     TO    THP:     HISTORY 


.    N°  VI. 

Quotl  major  "&  biirgenfes  Cantabrigie  licite  poffint  de  cetero 
tenere  feriam  five  nundinas  apiid  Sturbridge  et  Barnewell 
annuatini  per  fpacium  36  dierum  modo  quo  ipfi  retroa6lis 
temporibus  ufi  fuerunt,  fiilvis  Temper  omnibus  libertatibus  et 
privilcgiis  univerlitatis  ibidem. 

F.K  Bib.  Cottoniana  Fauftina  C.  III. 

EMZABETII  Dei  gratia,  &c.  Omnibus  ad  quos  ha;  liters  noflrs  patented: 
,  pervenerint  falutem;  Cum  major,  ballivi,  ec  burgenfes  viUie  noftrse  Cante- 
briojiE  in  comitatu  Cantabrigie  ante  tricefimum  annum  incliri  &  precharilTiini 
patris  noflri  Domini  Henrici  Dei  gratia  nuper  regis  Anglije  oclavi  de  tempore 
in  tempus  esiftentes  tempore  ciijus  contrarii  niemorice  hominum  non  exiftit 
habuerint  ac  uli  fuerint  habere  et  tenere  quotannis  quandam  feriam  five  nundinas 
apud  Barnewell  cc  Sturbridge,  in  prediflo  comitatu  Cantabrigiae  ac  infra  liber- 
tatem  villas  noftre  Caniabrigicc  tentam  five  tentas  ac  per  nomen  nundinarum  de 
Sturbrige  cognitam  ceu  cogniias  incipientem  five  incipientes  quolibet  anno  in  feRo 
fan£li  Bartholomei  apoftoli  et  ab  eodem  fefto  continue  ufque  decimum  quartum 
diem  proximum  poft  feftum  exaltationis  Sancte  Crucis  fingulis  annis  durantem  five 
durantes,  una  cum  omnibus  ctomnimodis  jurifdiftionibus,  authoritatibus,  curiis,  pro- 
ficuis  curiarum,  liberis-  confuetudinibus,  tolnetis,  doccagiis,  picagiis,  ftallagiis,  opel- 
lis,  groundagiis,  advantagiis,  comoditatibus,  proficuis,  eafiamentis,  et  aliis  libertati- 
bus quibufcumque  ad  hujufmodi  feriam  five  nundinas  pertinentibus  vel  qaoquo  modo 
fpeftantibus,  exceptis  nonnuUis  libertatibus,  potefiatibus,  jurifdiftionibus,  immuni* 
tatibus,  prefcriptionibus,  confuetudinibus,  eafiamentis,  preheminenciis,  proficuis,  et 
commoditatibus  univerfitati  noflre  Cantebrigi;iD  infra  eafdcm  nundinas  habitis,  ufitatis, 
perceptis,  qute  quidem  nundinte  per  laudabilem  induflriam  majoris,  ballivorum,  & 
burgenfium  villx-  Cantebrigiiie  predielse  a  tempore  in  tempus  exiftentes  (loci  ipfius- 
comoditate,  academic  vicinitaie,  &  temporis  oportunitate  opitulantibus)  in  longe 
maximas  celcberimas  totius  Anglis  nundinas  evaferint,  unde  plurimum  utilitatis  tarn 
mercatoribus  per  univerfum  reguum  Anglia:  ubique  locorum  difperfis  ad  eafdem 
nundinas  concurrentibus  ac  merces  et  merchandilas  fuas  ibidem  brevi  tempore  ven- 
dentibus  quam  etiam  emptoribus  ad  nundinas  illas  de  fingulis  totius  regni  partibus  ad 
pifces  falfosjbutyrum,  cafeum,mel,falcm,  linum,canabum,  piccm,  et  bitumen,  aliafque 
merces  Sc  merchandifas  q^uafcunque  emcndas  ac  providendiis  venientibus  allluxit,  ac 
1  cum 


OF    STURB  RIDGE    FAIR. 


»J 


Gum  ex  proficuis  earundetn  nundinarum  major,  ballivi,  et  burgenfes  difle  ville  Canta- 
brigise  de  tempore  in  tempos  per  tempus  immemoratum  exKtentes  non  folum  maxi- 
niam  partem  feptuaginta  libra  rum  legalis  monetc  Anglis  pro  feodo  firme  ville  Can- 
rabrigia-  prcdiftai  ac  allarum  libertatum  et  francliefiarum  fuarum  per  cartas  diver- 
fornm  progenitorum  noftrorum  regum  Anglie  refervatas  levaverint,  verum  etiam 
earundem  nundinarum  beneficio  eandem  villain  in  vlis,  ftratis,  foffis,  ac  aliis  oneribus 
quamplurimis  fupportare  et  manuteneie  per  totiim  tempus  prediftum  ufque  tri- 
cefimum  annum  rcL^ni  precharilTimi  patris  nofiri  praedicli  iatis  habiies  effed^i  I'unt  et 
potentes,  accum  univerfis  commoditatibus  antediiftis  non  obflantibus  poftca,  videlicet 
die  Mercurii  poflremum  poft  craftinum  purificationis  Beate  Marie  anno  regni  illuf- 
triflimi  ac  prechariffimi  patris  noflrl  domini  Henrici  nuper  regis  Anglie  oftavi  tri- 
tefimo  per  Johannem  Buker  attornatum  difti  nuper  patris  noltri  prechariffimi  in 
euria  cjufdem  nuper  patris  noftri  apud  Weflm'  coram  jufliciariis  ejufdem  nuper 
patris  nofiri  ad  placita  coram  ipfo  nuper  domino  rege  ac  patre  noftro  tenenda 
affignat'  dat'  fuit  eidem  curiae  intelligi  et  informari  quod  major,  ballivi,  et  burgenfes 
dift^  villx  Cantebrigise  in  comitatu  Cantebrigia;  ad  tunc  pro  tempore  exillentes 
per  quatuor  annos  tunc  ultimo  cl.ipfos  et  amplius  ufi  fuerunt  et  ad  tunc  utebantur 
habere  nundinas  five  feriam  apud  Barnewell  et  Sturbridge  in  comitatu  Cantebrigise 
in  craftir.o  fanfti  Bartholomei  apofloli  et  ab  eodem  craftino  continue  ufque  deci- 
mum  quartum  diem  proximum  poft  feftum  exahationis  Sanfte  Crucis  fequcntem  fin* 
gulis  annis  tenend'  cum  omnibus  libertatibus  et  liberis  confuetudinibus  ad  hujuf- 
inodi  teriam  five  nundinas  fpeftant'  necnon  habere  et  tenere  ibidem  per  totum 
lempus  prediftum  per  fenefcallos  et  alios  miniflros  fuos  curiam  pedis  pulverifati  et 
colore  ejuidem  capere  et  attachiare  nonnullos  di61os  nuper  domini  regis  ac  patrist 
noftri  fubditos  ad  nundinas  et  feriam  predidlas  conferentes,  et  eos  tam  per  corpora 
quam  per  bona  et  catalla  fua  multoties  inquietare  &  aggravare,  ac  diverfos  fines, 
redemptiones,  et  amerciamenta  de  hujufmodi  difti  nuper  parris  noftri  fubditis  eapere, 
ct  ad  folum  commodum  dift'  majoris,  ballivorum,  et  burgenfium  detinere  et  con- 
vertere,  ac  etiam  habere  omnimodas  alias  forisfafluras  et  regalitates  quafcunque  infra 
precinft'  nundinarum  feu  ferie  praedifte  apud  Barnewell  et  Sturbrige  predict' 
annuatim  tempore  ferie  feu  nundinarum  earundem  contingerc;  et  quod  de  omnibus- 
ct  hngulis  libertatibus  et  franchefiis  fupradi^fis  predifti  major,  ballivi,  &:  burgenfes- 
per  fpatium  diilorum  quatuor  annorum  et  amplius  fuper  diflum  dominum  regeia 
apud  Barnewell  et  Sturbrige  predift'  in  difto  comitatu  Cantebrigise  uiurpaverunr 
in  dift'  domini  regis  et  fuse  regis  prerogativae  grave  damnum  et  prejudiciuni  ac  ia 
magnum  contempt'  ipfius  domini  regis  prout  per  informationem  predict'  in  di(fla 
curia  dit^i  nuper  domini  regis  ac  patris  noftri  precharifiimi  remanend'plenius  liquet^ 
Sutler  qua  quidem  informatione  diclis  tunc  majore,  ballivis,  &  burgcnfibus  villce 
Cantebrigia:  predi^'  premonitis  exiftentibus  ad  refpondend'  quo  warranto  clamabanc 
habere  libertates,  franchefias,  et  privilegia  predict'  fi  quid  pro  fe  et  fuccefforibus  ftiis- 
in  extimftionem  informationis  predift'  dicere  vellent  aut  fcirenr,  ac  eifdem  majore  et 
ballivis,  &  burgenfibus  die  Lune  proximo  poft  craftinum  alcenfionis  domini-  anno 
regni  predic'  nuper  patris  noftri  prechariffimi  tricefimo  prime  coram  iplo  domiiio 
rege  et  patre  noftro  prechariflimo  apud  Weilm'  per  attornatum  fuum  comparer^ 

libus. 


14  A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X    T  O    T  H  E    II  I  S  T  O  R  Y 

libus,  et  diverfis  diebiis  mterloquendi  els  in  eadem  curia  datis  et  conceflis,  tandem 
<lie  jilercurii   in   craflino    fanfti  Johannis  Baptifte  anno  regni  difti  nupcr  domini 
legis  ac  patris  noftii  prechariiUmi  tricefimo  primo,  quia  did!  ad  tunc  major,  ballivi, 
et  burgenfes  nolcntes  cum  dicto  patre  nodro  precharlilimo  in  hac  parte  contendere 
jut   libertates    I'uas  prediftas    defendere,    fed   femetipfos    quoad    feriam   feu  nun- 
■<l;nas  de  Siur bridge   predict'  ac  alias  libertates  in  eadem    informatione  fpecificat' 
voUintaci  et  bene  placito  diiHi  nuper  patris  noftri  pra-chariffimi  humilime  fubmit- 
temes  nihil  dixerunt  in  cxtinciionem  informationis  predifte,  conceffum  et  confideratum 
iuic  per  curiam  dicli  domini  regis  ac  patris  noftri  quod  omncs  et  fingui:^  libertates, 
iVanchefie,   et  privilegia  in  informatione  predi<aa  fpecificat'  in   manus  didli   patris 
noftri  prechariHimi  feiferentur  et  remanerunt  prout  per  record'  inde  in  difta  curia 
tiicli  nuper  patris  noftri  remanente  plenius  poterit  apparere ;  cumqne  major,  ballivi, 
ct  burgenfes  noftri  difte  ville  noftre  Cantebrigise  nunc  pro  tempore  exiftentes  per 
dileftum  et-fidelcm  noftrum  Rogerum  North  militem  dominum  North  de  Kyrtling 
fnmmum  et  capitalem  di£be  ville   fenefcallum   nobis  humilime   fupplicaverint  qua- 
tcnus  nos  regia  pietate  moti  feriam  predidam   vocatam  Sturbridge   Fair  cum  om- 
nibus IJbercatibus  et  liberis  confuetudinibus  antedivflis  eifdem  majori,  ballivis,  et 
burgenfibus  concedere  dignaremur,   nos  equis  poftulationibus  eorumdem  majoris, 
ballivorum    et   burgenfium    favorabiliter    annuentes  longum    et  continuum    ufum 
tarundem  nundinarum  vocatarum  Sturbridge  Fair  per  eofdem  majorera,  ballivos,  et 
burgenfes,  eorumque  predeceffores  in  forma  predifta  habit'  confiderantes  ac  proficua 
et  utilitates  tam  m^rcatoribus  quam  emptoribus  ad  eafdem  nundinas  venientibus  ac 
ctiam  majori,  ballivis,  et  burgenfibus  ville  predidle  et  univerfitati  noftre  predidlse 
provenient'  perpendentes,  hrme  infuper  noftre  continuationi  ,unde  maxima  pars  ex 
proficuis  earumdem  nundinarum  levari  folebat  profpicere  volentes,  ac  ut  d'lCta.  villa 
noftra  Cantebrigis  tarn  in  oneribus  fuis  fupportetur  quam  fub  profpero  et  pacifico 
regimine  noftro  augeatur  et  condecoretur  defiderantes,  ex  gratia  noftra  fpeciali  ac 
ex  certa  fcientia  et  mero  motu  noftris  di£tam  feriam  feu  nundinas  de  Sturbridge 
quotannis  apud  Barnewell   et  Sturbridge  infra  libertatem  difte  ville  Cantebrigije 
tenend'  ac  in  fefto  farnfti  Bartholomei  apoftoli  annuatim  inceptur'  et  ab  eodem  fefto 
continue  ulque  decimum   quartum   digm   proximum  poft   feftum  exaltationis  Sanfle 
Crucis  annuatim  teraporibus  futuris  duratui' una  cum  omnibus  et  omnimodis  ante- 
aVkYis  proficuis,  commoditatibus,  tafiamentis,  curiis,  proficuis  curia',  authoritatibus,  ju- 
rifdiftionibus,  facukatibus  edificandi,  conftruendi,  erigendi,  cooperiendi,  removendi, 
locandi,  nccnon  ordinandi  et  difponendi  opellas  loc' earumdem  nundinarum  et  opella, 
rum  conluetis,  ec  aliis  libertacibus,  franchefiis,   et  liberis  confuetudinibus  univerfis 
quibus  ipli  nunc    major,  ballivi   ct   burgenfes   eorumve  predeceilores   in   nundinas 
preditt.   aliquibus    teinporibus    rctroafti,;  ufi  aut  gavifi  fuerunt,    prefatis   majori, 
ballivis,  et  burgenfibus  ville  noftre  CantelirigicE  et  eorum  fuccelloribus  imperpetuum 
Damus  et  concedimus.,  ac  pro  nobis,  heredibus,  ct  fucctlloribus  noftris  (quantum  in 
nobis  efl)  rcilituiraus  extra  manus  noftras,  deliberamus,  confirmamu?,  raiificamus,  et 
approbamus   per   prelentes,   falvis  tamcn  ac  femper  cxceptis  ct  relervatis  tam  nobis 
Jiercdibus  t^t  lucccfibribus   noftris   quam   canctllario,   magiftris,  St  fcholaribus  dicSie 
imiveifituUs  noftre  Ca,ntabrigiie  et  fucceflbribus  luis  omnibus  eC  fingulis  privilegiis, 

Jibcr- 


OFSTURERIDGEFAIR.  15 

Ifbertatibus,  franchefiis,  immunitatibus,  preheminenciis,  poteftaribus,  jurifdiflionibus, 
prefer! ptionibiK,  con fuetudinibuSjealiamentiSjproGcuisjCommoditatibus,  et  advantagii* 
quibufcLimciue  a  dictis  cancellario,  rpagiftris,  et  fcolaribm  univerfitiitis  noftre  Can- 
tebrigiie,  aut  eoriim  aliquo,  aut  ab  eorum  miniftris,  famulis,  aut  fervicntibus,  aut  al> 
eurum  aliquo  aut  ab  aliqua  vel  aliquibus  diifle  univerfitatis  noftre  Caniebrigias  per- 
fonis  priviltgiatis  in  di<flis  nundinis,  feria,  feu  feriis  predict.  Anglice  voc„t  Sturbridge 
Fair,  vel  ijifra  precinfl.  earumdem,  vel  aliquibus  fubditis  nortris,  cetibus,  conventi- 
bus,  ceu  congregationilius  infra  fuburbia  ville  noftre  Cantcbrigiffi,  vel  infra  villam  de 
Barneweii,  aqt  ejuftlera  ville  campos  et  iimites,  ante  hac  vulgariter  yocate  Sturbridge 
Fair,  vel  in  aliquibus  locis  ubi  feria  five  nundine  vulgariter  vocate  Sturbridge  Fair 
ante  haec  tempora  tenebantur  quae  ratione,  caufa,  vigore,  vel  virtute  alicujus  dona-^ 
lionis,  conceffionis,  feu  confirmadonis  noftre  vel  progenitorum  noftrorum  ante  hcec; 
tempora  habit'  ceu  faft'  aut  alicujus  aftus  parliament!  aut  quae  per  iplos  aut  ipforu;n 
aliquem  in  nundinis,  feria  ceu  feriis  prediftis  aut  precinflis  earumdem  vel  in  diftis^ 
G€t-ibus,  convent  ceu  con^regat  vel  in  diflis  locis  ubi  feria  feu  nundine  vulgariter 
vocate  Sturbridge  Fair  ante  hac  tenebantur  habit'  gavif  ufitat*  aut  percept'  fuere  ali- 
quo tempore  per  majorem  partem  viginti  annorum  proxime  preteritorum  hiis  literis 
noftris  paientibus  aut  hac  conceffione,  reftitutione,  ceu  deliberatione  noftra,  aut  aliqua 
lege,  caufa,  re,  vel  materia  quacumque  in  contrarium  inde  aliquo  modo  nonobftante^ 
habend'  tenend*  utend'  et  gaudend'  feriam  five  nundinas  una  cum  omnibus  et  omni- 
modis  a«tedi£>is  proficuis,  commodiiatibus,  eafiamentis,  curiis,  proficuis  curiarum, 
aurhoritatibus,  jurifdiftionibu?,  facultatibus  edificandi,  conftruendi,  erigendi,Gooperi- 
cndi,  removendi,  locandi,  necnon  ordinandi  et  difpouendi  opellas  locis  earumdem 
nundinarum  et  opellarum  conluetis  et  aliis  libertatibus,  franchefiis,  et  liberis  confue- 
tudinibus  univerfis  quibus  ipfi  nunc  major,  ballivi,  et  burgenfes  eorumve  prsedeceffores 
temporibus  retroaftis  (ut  prsfertur)  ufi  velgavifi  fuerunt  (exceptis  preexceptis)  pre- 
fatis  majori,  ballivis,  et  burgenfibus,  eorumque  fuccefforibus  imperpetuum  prcdi^lo^ 
judicio  in  predicto  brevi  de  quo  warranto  reddito  aut  aliquo  adln,ordinatione,  abufu,, 
non  ufu,  aut  aliqua  alia  re,  caufa,  vel  materia  quacung.  in  aliquo  non  obftante :  Volu» 
mus  infuper  et  pro  nobis,  heredibus,  et  fuccefforibus  noftris  ex  certa  fcientia  et 
mero  motu  noftris  prefatis  majori,  ballivis,  et  burgenfibus,  et  eorum  fuccefforibus 
(quantum  in  nobis  efl)  damus  et  concedimus  per  prefentes  quod  ipfi  et  eorum  fuc- 
celTores  de  tempore  in  tempus  futur'  tempor'  exiften'  ordinationes,  regulas,  et  ftatuta,- 
fecunduiu  formam  et  efFe(fium  harum  literarum  patent'  quoad  paciticam  et  quietam 
gubernationem  nundinarum  predi(5tarum,  ac  tarn  quoad  edificationem,  ereflionem^ 
cooptur'  locationem,  diflocationem,  remotionem,  limitationem,  prefi6tionem,  et  ordi- 
iiationem  opellarum  quarumcunque  infra  nundinas  prediflas  de  cetero  erigend'  quam 
ctiam  quoad  difpofuiones  et  affuranc'  earundem  per  ultimae  volumat'  donationes,. 
furlum  reddiciones,  aut  aliter  fiend'  necnon  quoad  fingul'  artium,  facuhatum,  occu- 
pationum,  feu  raiftcriorum  mercatores,  opifices,  atque  artifices,  opellas  feu  fiationes 
aliquas  in  nundinis  prediftis  tenentes  five  occupantes  conjunftim  prout  decet)  locisj 
opellis,  et  ftationibus  unicuique  earumdem  anium,  facultatum,  occupationum,  et 
myfleriorum  mercatoribus,  opificibus,  et  artificibus  defignatis,  et  confuetis,  fpeciaiiter, 
veto  in  <juodam  loco, earumdem  nundinarum  vocato  Chenpfide  collocand'  ordinandi  - 

defiguand''"" 


i6  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 

defignand'  difponend'  et  deputand'  facere,  conftituere,  edere,  et  ftabilire  pofTlnt  et 
valeant  imperpetuum  vel  ad  tcmpus   prout  eis   magis   expedire  videbit  duratur'  eC 
inviolabiliter   obfervand'  dummodo  ordinationes,  regule,  et  ftatuta  hujufmodi  jure, 
tituh;,  ilve  intcrefle  alicujus  burgenfes  difte  ville  Cantabrigiae  legitime  ct  fecundum 
coni'sietudiiies  et  ordinationes  difte  ville  tenenti  feu  pofTidenti  aliqnam  opellam  in 
r,unJinis  predidlis,  nee  libertatibus  aut  privilegiis  canccllarii,  magiftrorum,  et  fcho- 
larium  univerfiratis  noftre  Cantabrigije,  nee  confuetudinibiis  fuis  ante  hac  per  ma- 
jorem  partem  viginti  annorum  proximo  prcteritoriim  ufitat'  aliqualiter  derogent  nee 
iegibus  aut  flatutis  regni  noftri  Angli^e  f'uerint  repugnant'  ac  diimmcdo  hu'iufmodi 
ordinationes,  regule,  aut  flatuta   non  prohibeant  nee  redringent  aliquem  perfonam 
per  univerluatem  priediftam  privilegiat'  a  conduftionc  alicujus  opelle  feu  opellarum 
in  nundinis  prediitis,  ac  que  quideni  ordinationes,  regule,  aut  flatuta  tarn  per  pre- 
fatos  majorem,  ballivos,  et  burgenfes  aut  eorum  IbcceHbres  impoderum  edenda  et 
ftabilienda  quam  per  eos  aut  eorum  predeceffores  ante  h^c   edita  feu   flabilita  de 
tempore  in  tenipus  mutandi,  rcvocandi,  rejiciendi,  adnihillandi,  aut  fecundum  eorum 
difcretionis  confirmandi,  necnon  alia  qusecumque  de  tempore  in  tempus  edendi,  ordi- 
nandi, et  ftabiliendi  prout  temporis  mutatio  dt  rerum  eventus  exigebit,  eifdem  raajori, 
ballivis,  et  burgenfibus,  eorumque  fuccefforibus  pro  nobis,  heredibus,  et  fuccelToribus 
noftris  (quantum  in  nobis  eft)  ex  certa  fcientia  et  mero  motu  noltris  plenam  autho« 
ritatem  damus    et    concedimus    faculcatem :     Nolumus  autem  fed    exprefle    pro- 
hibemus   per  prefentes  aliquos    venditorcs    aliquarum  mercium   Anglise  appeliat' 
mercery  wares,  ceu  grocery  wares,  alibi  in  nundinis  prsdidis  locari  vel  aliquam 
opellam  ceu  Itationem  ad  hujufmodi  merces  vendend'  in  nundinis  illis  occupari  nifi 
in  prediflo  loco  vocato  Cheapefide;  nee  aliquos  pannos  laneos  ceu  veflimenta  aliqua 
fad:a  ex  panneis  Janeis  alibi  in  eifd'  nundinis  vendicioni  exponi  prsterquam  in  loco 
confueto  ibidem  vocato  the  Duddery  ;   nee  aliquos  aurifabros  alibi  in  eifdem   nun- 
dinis locari  feu  merces  fuas  in  aliquibus  opellis  vendicioni  exponere  nifi  tantum  _ 
in  loco    earumdem  nundinarum  antiquitus  appellato  Cooper  Lane,    alias  Golde 
Smithis  Rowe  ;  nee  aliquos  fabros  ftannarios,  Anglice  pcwterers,  vel  brafiers,  alibi  in 
nundinis   illis  merces    fuas  vendicioni  exponere  nifi   folummodo   in   ftationibus   et 
opellis  earumdem  nundinarum  confuet'   in  Pewtry  Piowe  et  Brafier  Rowe  ibidem. 
Providemus  ramen  et  exprelTe  volumus  per  prefentes  qd  omnes  et  fmguli   burgenfes 
nodre  ville  predicte  qui  fecundum  ordinationes  ante   hac  in  eadem  villa  faftas  et 
'confuetudines  ejufdem    villa;    hadtenus    ulitatas  aliquam   feu    aliquas   opellam  ceu 
opellas  in  nundmis  prediftis  de  pretatis  majori,  ballivis,  et  burgenfibus  modo  tenenc' 
libi,  hercdi'  us,  et  affignaris  fuis  burgenfib'  dicte  ville  vel  proprio  termino  vitevcl  anno- 
rum, live  hujufmodi  opellam  ceu  opellas  perquerirint  iive  earn  vel  eas  per  dil^ef^un^ 
hereditarie  acceperint,  earumdem  opellarum  quamlibet  fibi,   heredibus,  et  affignatis 
fuis  burgenfibus  di<fte  villa  vel  pro  termino  vite  vel  annorum  fecundum  feparales 
eorum  (latus,  titulos,  interefle,  et  terminos  quos  in  ciiciem  juxta  ordinationes  in  eadem 
villa  ante  haec  faflios  et  itabilitos  ac  publice  eorumdem  majoris,  ballivorum,  et  bur- 
genfium  authoritate   in   eadem  ville  nupcr   confirmat'  ac   fecundum    confuetudines 
ejuldem  villa;  hattenus  ufitatas  habcnt  de  cetero,  habeant,  et  teneant,   ac  habere  et 
tenere  valeant  harum  prefcntium  literurum  noftraruai  patentium  beneticio  cc  vigore^ 

ac 


OFSTURBRIDGEFAIR.  17 

3tt  in  lam  amplis  modo  ac  forma  ac  fi  haec  prefens  carta  noftra  ciHlibet  burgenfium 
predifl'  (quoad  opellas  fuas  quas  modo  de  prefatis  majorc,  ballivis,  ec  burgcufibuj 
in  nundinis  predid^'  ac  in  forma  predi£t;i  tenent)  eflet  confecla  aique  concell'a  ;  pro- 
vifo  femper  quod  quo  melius  unitas  et  concordia  inter  cancelhirlum,  magiflros,  *t  fcho- 
lares  univerfitatis  noftre  prcdidte  Cantebrigieac  majorem,  ballivos,  et  burgcnfes  difte 
ville  noftre  Cantebregie  foveat'  et  confervat'  nolumus  neque  intendimus  has  iiteras 
noftras  patentes  aut  quicquam  content'  in  eifdem  intelligi,  accipi,  vel  torqueri  ad 
toUend'  coartand'  diminuend'  aut  in  dubium  vocand'  ullam  partem  libertatum,  fran^ 
chefiarum,  immunitatum,  potedatum,  juvifdidionum,  prefcriptionum,  confuetudiaum, 
eafiamentorum,  beneficiorum,  aut  commoditatum,  a  diftis  cancellario,  magiftris,  et 
fcholaribus,  aut  eorum  aliquo,  vel  ab  eorum  minillris,  famulis,  feu  ferviencibus,  aut 
eoruna  aliquo  in  nundinis,  feria  five  feriis  prediiflis  vocatis  Sturbridge  Fair,  habit' 
gavis'  ufitat'  vel  percept'  ratione,  caufa,  vigore,  ceu  virtutc  alicujus  conceffionis,  a£iu8 
parliamenti,  prefcriptionis,  aut  confuetudinis  cujufcumque,  aut  ab  ipfis  vet  ipforum 
aliquo  in  nundinis  pri-diftis  vel  in  aliquibus  fubditorum  noftrorum  cetibus,  conven- 
tibus,  ceu  congregationibus  infra  fuburbia  ville  nollre  Cantebrigie  vel  infra  villam 
de  Barnewell  aut  ejufdem  ville  campos  ct  limites  ante  hac  vulgariter  vocato  Stur- 
bridge Fair,  vel  in  aliquibus  locis  ubi  ferie  ceu  nundine  vulgariter  vocate  Stur- 
bridge Fair  ante  hac  tempora  tenebantur  habit'  gavis'  ufitat'  vel  percept'  aliquo  tem- 
pore per  majorem  partem  viginti  annorum  proximo  preteritorum,  fed  quod  predifto 
cancellario,  magifiris,  et  fcolaribus,  ac  fucceflbribus  fuis  eoiumque  fingulis  et  ipforum 
miniftris,  famulis,  et  fervientibus  quibufcuraque  bene  liceat  et  licebit  in  nundinis  five 
feriis  prediftis  uti,  frui,  gaudere,  habere,  tenere,  et  percipere  omnia  et  omnimodo 
libertates,  franchefias,  immunitates,  poteftates,  jurifdiftioncs,  prefcriptiones,  confuetu- 
dines,  eafiamenta,  beneficia,  et  commoditates,  per  nos  feu  per  aliquem  progenitorum 
aut  predecefforum  noflrorum  ceu  per  authoritatem  parliamenti  ipfis  aut  ipforum  alicui 
datis,  concelljs,  aut  confirmatis,  vel  ab  ipfis  aut  ipforum  aliquo  in  eifdem  nundinis, 
ceubus,  convemlbus,  five  locis  predicts  vulgariter  vocatis  Sturbridge  Fair,  aliquo 
tempore  per  majorem  partem  viginti  annorum  proximo  preteritorum  habit*  percept' 
ufitat'aut  gavis'  in  tam  amplis  modo  et  forma  ad  quemcumque  effeftum,  propofitum,  feu 
intentionem  ac  fi  hae  litere  noftre  patentes  majori,  ballivis,  et  burgenfibus  ville  noftre 
Cantebrigie  predifte  omnino  faftce  non  fuiffent,  abfque  ullo  fcrupulo,  dubitatione,  ceu 
queftione  de,  in,  aut  fuper  ea  removendi  hiis  literis  noftris  patentibus  aut  materia 
feu  re  aliqua  in  eifdem  contends  in  aliquo  non  obftantej  provifo  femper  et  noftra 
voluntas  et  intentio' eft  quod  he  litere  nollre  patentes  aut  aliqua  res  ceu  materia 
quecumque  in  eifdem  fuperius  content'  nullo  modo  fe  extendat  neque  quovif- 
modo  intelligat'  interpretet'  ceu  accipiat'  ad  toUend'  evacuand'  reftringend'  de- 
minuend'  feu  coarftand'  privilegia,  libertates,  immunitates,  preheminencias,  authori- 
atates,  jurifdifliones,  proficua,  commoditates,  advantagia,  ceu  eorum  aliqua  vel  aliquod 
ante  hire  tempora  per  nos  five  progenitores  noftros  majori,  ballivis,  et  burgenfibus 
d\Q:c  ville  noftre  Cantebrigie  dat'  cradit'  feu  conccfs'  queque  nunc  virtute  et  pretextu 
aliquarum  licerarum  noftrarum  patentlum  aut  progenitorum  noftrorum,  vel  ratione 
ct  vigore  alicujus  aftus  parliamenti  ante  hac  editi  feu  provifi  pleno  et  intcgro 
robore  jure  exiftit,  feu  exiftunt,  et  dehinc  exiftere  poterit  feu  poterinr,  fed  quod  has 

*  C  Iiteras 


T«  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 

literas  noftras  patentes  atque  omnia  et  fingula  in  eifdem  contenta  omnimodo  habeant, 
accipianr,  et  inrerpretent'  imperpetuura  contra  nos,  heredes,  et  fucceflbres  noftros, 
atque  omnes  alias  perfonas  atque  perfonam,  corpus  politicum  atque  corpora  politica, 
nunc  aut  impofterum  aliquod  jus,  titulum,  aut  interelTe  de  aut  in  prediclis  nundinis, 
feria  feu  feriis  de  Sturbridge  habentes  aut  vendicantes  aut  habentia  ceu  vendi- 
cantia,  quain  liberaliflime  ad  omnem  iifum,  comraodum,  et  utilitatem  ipforum  majoris-, 
ballivorum,  et  burgenfiuni,  et  fuccefforum  fuorum.  Et  quod  difti  major,  ballivi,  et 
burgenfes,  et  eorum  fucceflbres  his  Uteris  noftris  patentibus  imperpetuum  uti  poffint 
et  valeant  in  quacumque  juris  forma  ad  omnes  efFedtus  et  intentiones  prout  iis 
niaxime  commodum  meliufve  expedire  videbitur,  aliqua  re  feu  materia  quacumque 
in  prefentibus  aut  aliqua  lege,  ordinatione,  ceu  materia  quacumque  in  coiurariura 
inde  in  aliquo  non  obftantibus.  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  has  literas  noftras  fieri 
feciraus  patentes  cede  meipfa  apud  Weftm'  decimo  die  Augufti  anno  regni  aoftri  32* 


N"  Va 


BREVE  patens  direft'  cancell*  ut  fupervident  menfuras  in  feriis  de  Stere- 
bridge.     7  R.  II. 

In  hoc  refcripto  coUegi  poteft  ferias  de  Sterebridge  teneri  in  fuburbio  villas 
Cantebrigia. 

Breve  patens  H.  VII,  direftum  cane'  vel  vicecanc'  et  procuratorib'  Cantebrigi^e. 
«|uateans  fupervideant  Vafa  cum  falmone,  allece,  anguiUis,  ac  certis  pifcibus  In 
Cantab',  Barnwell,  et.  Sterebridge,  &c. 


N'  VIII. 


O  F    S  T  U  R  B  R  I  D  G  E    F  A  I  Pw  i^ 


N"  vin. 

7  Hen.  V.  Quod  Vic*  habeat  corre<Stioiieai  viclualium,  raenfu* 
rar'  et  poudeium  in  feria  de  Sturbrig'  pendente  lite  inter 
Univerfitatem  et  cives  Londinen\ 

From  Hare's  Colleffions. 

REX  dilefto  et  fideli  fuo  Wilti  Afenhull  chivaler  vie'  firo  Cantebr*  falutem. 
Sciatis  qd  cum  diverfte  lites,  difcentiones,  et  debars  inter  cancellarium  et  fcholare^ 
Dniverfitatis   nrx  Cantebr'  ex  una  parte  et  majorenl  aldermannos  et  cives  civitutis 
ur'£  Lond'  ex  altera  de  eo  qd  tarn  difti  cane'  et  Icalares  quam  priedicti  major,  alder- 
manni,  et  cives  prjetextu  diverfarum  libertatuum,  franchefiar'  quietanciar'  et  immu- 
nitatum  utriq  parti  p  cartas  ^genitorum   nrorum  quondam  regum  Anglise  quasi 
confirmavimus  conceftarum   clamant  habere  cuftodiam  aflifx   et  afl'ais;  panis,  vini, 
et  cervifiae,  et  fppvifum  menfurarum  et  ponderum  civium  Lond'  ad  feriam  five  nun-, 
dinas  de  Stirebr?gge  confluentium,  ac  corrcflionem,  punitionem,  caftigationem,  po- 
reftatera,  et  gubernationem  earund*  ac  poteftatem  menfuras  et  pondera  legaiia  con- 
fignandi,  et  tranfgreffores  in  proemiffis  puniendi  et  cafligandi,  ac  quaedam  alia  in  cartis 
et  confirmatione  prsedidis  contenta,  motee  fint  et  fubortje,  quK  coram  confilio  firo 
pendunt  indecifas.     Nos  inde  volentes  tam  ad  riotas  et  alia  mala  et  inconvenientia 
evitanda  quje  in  hoc  cafu  in  pturbationem  pacis  lirae  et  ligeorum  nrorum  de  facili 
oriri  poterunt  quam  j)  falva  et  fana  gubernatione  regimine  ferise  five  nundinarum 
hujusm  ne  aliqua  riota,  mala,  damna,  vel  inconvenientia  hujusm  litibus,   diflentioni- 
bus,  et  debatis  fic  pendentib'  uUo  modo  fiant  in  eifd'  ^ut  ad  nos  attinet  debite  ^vi- 
dere,  de  avifamento  difti  confilii  nri  ofdinavimus,  ac  vobis  tenore  prsfentium  co- 
mittimus  poteftatem  ad  prjedidtas  alTifam  et  affaiam  panis,  vini,  et  cervifise  p  pr^d* 
cives  venditioni  exponend'  cuftodiend*.     Ac  ad  menfuras  et  pondera  eorund'  civium 
ad  feriam  five  nundinas  apud  Sterebrigge  prsd'  in  prox'  tencnd'  confluentium  fup 
vidend'  necnon  ad  eofd'  cives  corrigead',  puniend',  caftigand'  et  gubernand'  aC 
praedifta  menfuras  et  pondera  legaiia  confignand'  et  tranfgreffores  eorundem  civium 
in  diftis  feria  five  nundinis  in  prsmiffis  hac  vice  tantum   puniend*  et  caftigand'  ad 
finem  qd  pax  nra  in  ligeos  nros  prsd'  (^put  decet)  in  ombus  obfervetur.     Et  ideo 
vobis  mandamus  qd  circa  prjemifla  diligenter  intendatis  ac  ea  faciatis  et  exequa- 
mini  in  forma  prsed'  Damusautem  tam  prajfatis  canc'et  fcolarib'  quam  prsfatis  ma* 
jori,  alderroannis,  et  civibus,  ac  aJiis  quorum  iutereO:  tenore  prefentium  firmiter  in 
mandatis  qd  vobis  in  premiffis  faciend'  et  exequend'  pareant,  obedianc,  et  intendant 
prout  decer.     In  cujus  rci  teftim'  has  tras  aras  firi  fecimus  pat*.    Tefte  Joline  Ducc 
Bedford  cuftode  Angliae  apud  VVeftm'  14  die  Julii  anno  regni  nti  7  per  conlilium. 
Ex  rot'  pat'  de  anno  7  JH.  Hqn.  V.  membr'  29  in  turr*  Lond'. 

*  C  a  N-  IX, 


ft«  A  P  P  E  N  D  J  5C    TO    THE    HISTORY 


N-  IX. 


A.  D.  1534,  24  die  Julii  in  die  Veneris.  Dr.  Edmondes  and  I  WilHatTJi 
Buckmafter,  meffyngers,  lente  from  thuniverfitie  to  procure  and  fet  forthe  ther 
caufe  and  lute  agaynft  the  townefmen  concernynge  our  privilegees :  whofe  prodtors 
were  mafters  Brakyn,  Slegge,.  R.  Chapman  and  J.  Chapman,  J.  Miller  aldermen 
of  Cambridge.  We  met  at  Lambeth  before  my,  Lorde  Crtauncellor  and  my  Lorde 
of  Canterbury  with  the  Duke  of  Norfolke  ;  ther  wer  prefenie  belyde- my  Lorde 
Marques  of  Exeyter,  the  Deane  of  the  chapell,  Dr.  Sampfon,  and  the  King's  Aim-- 
ner  Dr.  Fox,  Dr.  Therlbye  and  Dr.  Haynes.  VV'heare  it  was  decreede  by  the  faide 
Lordes  that  Styrbridge  fair  was  in  the  fubarbes  of  Cambridge,  and  the  Vicechan- 
cellor  or  his  commiilary  might  keep  courte  cyvyll  ther  tor  plees  wher  a  fcoler  was. 
the  one  party.  Item,  that  in  the  fame  faire  thuniverfitie  hatl  the  ovcrfighte  correcr 
tion  and  puniflimente  of  all.weightes  and  mefures  of  all  manner  of  vytayll  of  all; 
regraters  and  foreftaUers.     Item,  it  was  determyned  that  fpices  be  vytaill.. 

From  the  Black  Paper  Book  of  the  Univerfuy», 


The  heads  of  the  Univerfitle's  privileges  in  Sturbridge  Fair«. 

Annis  1533  and  1534,  Dr.  Herries  Vicechancellor.-^ 

Fiift,    The  Proftor's  comiflary  and  other  officers  of  the  univerfity  keep  a  court' 
in  the  fair,   becaufe  it  is  within  the  fubarbs  of  Cambridge,  and  the  univerfity  are- 
clerks  of  the  market,  and  have  the  overfight  and- correclion  of  weights  and  mea- 
fures,  and  vidluals  in  the  fair. 

2.  They  hold  plea  in  the  faid  court  of  contraifls  and  trefpafles  made  within  the- 
faid  fair  as  without,  which  was  one  of  the  things  agreed  upon  in  a  compofitioni 
with  the  town,  viz.  that  the  univerfity  fliould  have  the  like  privilege  there  as  the.- 
mayor. 

3.  They  hear  and  determine  pleas  perfonall  as  well  between  fchoIarSj  feirvants, 
as  all  foreigners  and  others  of  the  kind's  fubjefts,  if  a  fcolar  or  fcholar's  fervant  be 
©nc  party  by  the  commiflary  in  the  fiir  court  by  the  order  of  the  civil  law  by  wit- 

sefs 


OFSTURBRIDGEFAIR.  21. 

jiels  or  otherwife,  excepting  in  caufes  relating  to  vldtuals,  wherein  they  determine 
according  to  the  common  or  ftatute  law. 

4.  They  make  proclamation  in  the  faid  fair  before  the  proclamation  of  the 
inayor  of  Cambridge,  by  virtue  of  the  king's  letter  patent  as  confervators  of  tlic 
peace,  and  as  having  the  overfeer  of  vidtuals  which  is  the  firft  thing  fold  in  the 
Fair. 

5.  The  Pfoftors  fearch  all  manner  of  fifh  as  well  fait-fifh  as  other,  pewter,  brafs,. 
&c.  haires,  girthwebb,  filks,  furs,  beds,  and  all  upholftery  wares,  fpices  and  gro- 
cery, rape-feed,  muftard  feed,  fuftians,  worlteds,  fays,  honey,  foap,  oil,  tallow, 
wax,  &c.  brought  to  be  fold  in  the  faid  fair,  an  1  take  the  forfeitures  of  the  fame 
when  faulty,  &C.     This  they  do  by  virtue  of  royal  charters. 

6.  The  Prodors  by  virtue  of  the  king's  writt  diredted  to  the  univerfity,  and  as 
clerks  of  the  market  are  the  proper  g. tigers  in  the  fair  to  gauge  all  manner  of  bar- 
relled wares  bvouj^ht  to  be  fold,  and  take  the  ufual  fees  allowed  by  the  law  for 
the  fime,  as-  alio  fur  weighing,  viz^  of  every  one  that  bringeth  falmon  or  any  thing 
of  like  nature  to  Ije  fold  iz  d.  fir  every  Jafl:  gauging.  For  every  lall.  of  oil  gaug- 
ing 12  d.  Item,  for-every  lail  of  foap  weighing  and  gauging  12  d.  For  every  lalt 
of  honey  weighing  and  gauging' 4  s.  &c.  and  the  fines  and  forfeitures  for  want  of 
weight  and  mealure.. 

7.  The  Taxers  take- of  all  viftuallersin  the  fair  a  greater  or  leflTer  fum  according 
as' they  can:  agree  for  breach  of  the  aflize  of  bread  and  beer  which  they  fell  in  the 
fair.  N.  B.  'i'nis  taken  in  lieu  of  lieavier  penalties  which  the  offending  vidlualler 
incurrs,  and  the  taxers  may  lawfully  inilid  for  fuch  offence. 

8..  For  every  cart  load  of  oats  to  be  fold  in  the  fair  they  take  4d.  &c. 

Ex  Mifcel.  F.  C.  CC  dc  rebus.Caat. 


N°  XL 


lilterse  patentes  de  redditu  annuali  exeunte  de  quibufdam  fhopes  et  boothcs  in 
Sturbrige  concefTo  majori  et  burgcnfibus  lab  quad'  conditione. 

Philippus  et  Maria  Dei  gra  rex  et  retrina  4nglie,  Hifpanie,  Francie,  utrufq  Sici- 
He,  Jerufalem,  et  H.ihernie,  fidei  defcni'ires,  archeJuces  Auilrie,  duces  Burgundie,. 
Mediolani  et  Brabantie  comites,  Hnfpur^ie,  Flandrie,  et  Tirolis  omnihus  ad  quos 
prelcntes  tras  perven'  fal'.  Cum  quiciim  annualis  redditus  ofto  librar'  quindccim 
Iblidor'  et  duor'  denar'  annuatim  exeunt  et  Iblvcnii'  de  certis  fhopes  et  les  boothes 
in  Sturbrige  in  com'  Cinfebr'  in  tenura  maioris,  ballivor'  er.burgenf  ville  nre 
Cantebr'  ad  luftentationem  et  manucenttonem  cerror'  obituum  annivcrfar*  et  an- 
nualis cujufd'  elemofine  erga  paupcrrs  infra  pdcam  villamannuari  fiend' rationc 
C'i]ufd'  adus  parlti  ap'  Weftm'  anno  rtgni  precharilTimi  fris  firi  Edw.  VI.  nup  reg' ' 

■    Anglie 


<■%  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 

Anglle  2do  tenti,   ac  ratione  cujufd'  prefentacois  fee'  tenorem  ejufd*  adus  hab'uc 
et  ii&.'  in  manus  nup  didli  f  ris  nri  devenic  ac  etiam  in  manibus  iiris  jam  exiftit  ec 
cum   dcus   pra^charil'  fr'  iir  a  temp'  ejufd'  pari'  annuacim  durante  vita  fua  folvebat 
et  dedit,  ac  nos  fimilitcr  a  regno  nro  inchoato  hucufq  annuat'  folverimus  et  dedi- 
mus  prajfatis  majori  et  burgenfibus  ville  are  pdce  quendam  aliiim  annualcm  reddi^ 
turn  6  librar'  decern  folid'  et  6  den'  parcell'  fupra  Icripti  annualis  redditus  8  1.   13  s, 
2  d.  ea  intentione  qd  iidem  major,  bailtvi,  et  burgenfes  annuatim  de  tempore  in 
tempus  p  di(S;um  annualem  redditum  61.    10  s.  6  d.  p  nos  ut  prjefertur  cild' dat* 
et  folutvim  erogarent  et  diftribuerent  ac  erogari  et  diflribuere  facient  pauperib'  et 
egL-nis  infra   pdca  villam   nrani   Cantebr'  inhabitantil)'  et  cofnoraiuib'  ad  tempera 
et  loca  ufirata  juxta  fuas  et  laudabiles  donator'  voluntates  et  mode  et  forma  prout 
iidem  major,  ballivi,  et  burgenles  femp  antea  ufi  facere  foliti  fuident,  fciatis  igitur 
qd  nos  tain  pro  caufis  et  confidcrationib'  pdcis  ac  intuitu  pietatis  qua  habemus  ad 
pios  cccte  fitus  et  ceremonias  fee'  catholicam  fidem  et  donaior'  voluntates  irtfra; 
pdcam  villa  iira  Cantebr'  annuatim   imperpetuum  de  cetero  faciend' et  obfervand' 
ac  ctiam  pro  eo  qd  prsedce  fliopaj  et  les  boothes  in  Sturbrige  pdct'   funt  et  tpe  M' 
fionis  parlti  pdci  fuerunt  terre  cullumar'  et  nofl'  de  nobis  aut  de  aliquo  manerio 
nro  tent'  ac  proinde  fupradict  annual  reddit  8  1.    15  s.   2d.  de  iild'  fliopis  et  les 
boothes  exeunt'  ac  ut  prcefettur  annuatim  folvend' juxta  puram,  fimplicem,  et  legi- 
timam    intentionem   pdci   aftus  parli  ac  ratione  et  vigore   ejufd'    aliquo  Icgltimo 
modo  in   manus' dci   prechariffimi   ffis   iiri  devenire  non  debuilTet  et    in    manitSs 
aris  jam  exiftit  aut  cxiltere  poteft  quam  pro  fidclitate,  indullria,  ac  acceptabili  fer- 
vitio  nobis  p  pdcos  majorem,  ballivos,  et  burgenfes  ante  hac  fa£t'  et  -impenf  ac 
impofterum   habend"   faciend'  et  impendend'  de  gratia  lira  fpeciale   ct   ex  certa 
fcientia  et  mero  motu  nris  dedimus  et  concefiimus  et  p  prelentes  damus  et  conce- 
dimus  prefatis  majori,  ballivis,  et  burgenfiBs  pdidle  ville  iire  Cantebr'  fupradift'  an- 
nualem reddit'  8  1.   15  s.  6  d.  de  ipfis  Ihopes  et  les  boothes  in  Sturbrige  annuatim 
exeunt'  ct  folvend'  adeo  plene,  libere,  et  integre,  ac  in  tam  amplis  modo  et  forma 
prout  iid'  major,  ballivi,  et  burgenfes  pdci   portione  recltat'  dcum  annualem  reddi- 
tum  unquam  habuerunt,  ufi,  vel  gavifi  fuerunt,  aut  habere,  uti,  vel  gaudere  dcbue- 
runt  aut  potuerunt  fi  idem  annuales   redditus  nunquam   in   manus  pdci  prtscharif- 
iimi  fris  iiri  aut  riras  deveniflet,  et  adeo  plene,  libere,  et  integre,  ac  in  tam  ampiia 
modo  et  forma  prout  idem  annualis  redditus  ad  manus  di£li  prjecharifTimi  fris  nri 
ratione  vel  prcetcxtu  pdidi  actus  pari'  vel  aliter  quocunq   modo   devenit  feu  deve- 
nire debuit,  devenerunt  feu  devenire  debuerunt,  ac  in  manib'  iiris  non  *  exiftit  vel 
cxifi-unt  feu  exiftere  debet  vel  deberent,   habend'  tenend'  gaudend'  ct    retinend' 
jidicum  annualem  red'  81.  15s.  2d.  p  nos  p  prefentes  preconcclf  cifd'  majori,  bal- 
livjis,  et  burgenfib'  et  cor'  fuccefibnb'  imperpet'  ad  opus,  ufus,  et  intcntiones  fupra- 
di(5t'  annuatim  imperpet'  ut  pfertur  obfervand'  et  perimplend*.     Mandantes  etiam 
etcp  plentes  firmiter  inpingendo  pcipientes  tam  Thef  et   Baronib'  fcacc'  nri  quam 
i5ib'  et  fingulis  receptoribus,  auditonbus,  et  aliis  officiariis  et  miniftris  nror'hered* 

.   *  Kon;  fo  in  the  fair  copy,  but  in  another  corre£lcd  draught  which  is  joined  with  this  in  the 
Coltoii  book  it  \ijjm, 

5  « 


O  F    S  T  U  R  B  R  I  D  G  E    F  A  I  R,  ?3' 

fit  fuccefibr'  nror'  prefate  reglne  quibufcunq  ec  cor'^  cuilibet  qd  ipfe  et  eor'  quilibct 
fijp  totam  demonltrationem  har'  licerar'  patcnriLim  aut  fup  irrotulament'  eoiunci' 
abfq  aliquo  brevi  feu  warranto  a  nobis  vel  heredib'  aut  fucccfforib'  firis  pre  fate  re- 
gine  quoquo  modo  impetrand'  obtinend'  feu  prerequand'  plenam,  integram,  dcbi> 
tannq  allocationem,  defalcationem,  deduftionem,  et  exonerationem  manifeftam  pre- 
fatis  majoris,  ballivis,  et  burgenfib'  et  eor'  fucc'  de  Omni  pdiiflo  redditu  81,  15  s.  2d. 
p  nos  p.  prercr,:es  pconcel'  facient  et  percaufabunt.  Et  he  litere  nre  patentes  auc 
irrotulamenrimi  earund'  triinr  annuacim  et  de  tempore  in  tcmpus  tarn  diclis  thei' 
et  baronib'  fcaccaru  liri  qoam  oib'  cc  fing'  pdidis  receptorib'  audicorib'  et  aliis 
officiariis  et  minittris  nris  hered'  cc  fucceffor'  nrum  pfate  regine  quibufcunq  et  eor* 
euilibet  fufficiens  warrant'  ct  exoneratio  in  hac  pte.  Ac  ulterius  damns  pro  confi- 
deratlon  pdicta  ac  ex  certa  fcicntia  et  mere  motu  iiris  p  pfencesconcedimus  pfatis 
majori,  ballivis,  er  burgcufib'  totum  illud  pdidt'  reddit'  8  1.  15  s.  2d.  et  profit' 
ejufd'  a  fello  S.  Michis  arcliang'  ultimo  pretento  hucufq  proven'  five  exiOen'  habend' 
eifd'  majori,  ballivis,  et  burgenfib'  ex  dono  iiro  abfq  compoto  feu  aliquo  alio  pro- 
inde  nobis  heredib'  vel  fucc'  iiris  prefate  regine  quoquo  modo  redend'  folvend'  vel 
faciend',  Ac  etiam  voUimus  pro'  confiderationib'  pdiftis  ac  ex  certa  icientia  et 
mero  notu  iiris  p  prefent  ccinC'cdimus  pfatis  majori,  ballivis,  et  burgenfib'  qd  ha^ 
beant  et  habebunt  has  Iras  nras  patentes  fub  magno  figillo  nro  Anglic  debico  modo 
fadl'  et  figillat'  abfq  fine  feu  feodo  magno  vel  parvo  nobis  in  hanoperio  iiro  vel 
alibi  ad  ufus  nros  quoquo  modo  reddend'  folvencj'  vel  faciend'.  Eo  qd  exprefla 
mentio  de  veru  valore  annuo  aut  de  aliquo  alio  valore  vel  certitudine  prremifibr' 
aut  de  aliis  donls  five  conceffionibus  p  nos  feu  aliquem  progenitor'  nror'  prcefatis 
majori,  ballivis,  et  burgenfibus  ante  hec  tempora  faft'  in  prtcfentib'  minime  faftis 
exiilit'  aut  aliquo  ftatuto,  ^Qu,  ordinatione,  provifioiie,  feu  reflrictione  inde  in  con- 
trarium  faft'  edit'  ordinat'  five  provif  aut  alia  aliqua  re  caufa  vel  materia  qui- 
cunque  in  aliquo  non  obfiante.  In  cujiis  rei  teflimonium  has  tras  nras  fieri  feci- 
mus  patentes.  Tellibus-  nobis  ipfis  apud  \VefttTi''23  die  Junii  annis  regnor' iiror' 
teltio  et  4to  per  breve  de  privata  figillo. 

£x  rot'  pat'  de  an'  3' et  4  Phil,  et  Mar.  regum  p.  7.  in  Domo  Converfor.  Lond.. 
Bib.  Cott.  Fauftina,  C.  iii.  f.  407. 

This  is  alio  entered  at  length  in  the.  book,  commonly  called  "  The  Crofs  Book, 
af;the  Town  of  Cambridge." 


N°-  XII.. 


e 


k 


24  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 


N°  XII. 

The  piiblick  beame  for  weighing  of  hoppes  recovered  to  the 
Univerfity  at  Sturbridge  Faiii,  in  a  letter  to  the  Maior  and 
Aldermen,  12  C.  II.  for  in  the  civil  warr  the  town  had 
ufiirpt  it.     (Vicechancellor's  little  black  book.) 

Cha.  R. 

TRUSTY  and  vvellbeloved  we  greet  you  well.  Whereas  wee  are  informed 
from  our  Univerfity  of  Cambridge,  that  leverall  of  their  rights  and  priviledges 
(which  they  have  heretofore  enjoyed  by  charter  and  cuflomej  have  in  thefe  late 
yeares  of  publick  diflra£lion  been  intrenched  upon  by  our  towne  of  Cambridge,  and 
fome  of  the  officers  thereto  belonging,  particularly  the  right  of  fetting  up  the  foie 
publick  beame  for  the  weighing  of  hops  and  other  things  ot  great  bulk  in  Sturbridge 
faire,  which  did  anciently  belong  to  the  faid  Univerfity  and  their  officers,  and 
which  as  we  are  informed  (befides  other  evidences)  appeares  by  the  zQs  of  your 
court  regiftred  in  the  mayoralty  of  Mr.  Foxton.  Now  wee  being  defirous  to  keepe 
a  good  correfpondence  between  our  faid  Univerfity  and  towne,  and  that  either 
body  ffiould  enjoy  their  juft  rights,  have  thought  fitt  to  rcqucfl  you  to  permitt  our 
Univerfity  and  their  officers  (till  you  fliall  fhew  fufficient  caufe  to  the  contrar}')  to 
enjoy  without  difturbance  the  aforefaid  right  of  fole  weighing  fuch  hops  as  (hall 
be  ibuld  at  Sturbridge  faire,  together  with  all  other  their  anticnt  priviledges.  And 
upon  notice  fliall  be  carefuU,  that  no  intrenchment  bee  made  upon  any  of  thofe 
rights  which  you  may  juftly  claime.  Given  under  our  fjgnet  manuell  at  our  court 
at  Whitehall  the  thirtieth  day  of  Auguft  in  the  twelfth  yeare  of  our  reigne. 

To  our  trufiy  and  wellbeloved  William  Morrlce. 

the  mayor  and  aldermen  of 
the  towne  of  Cambridge. 

Concordat  in  originali. 
The  original  was  delivered  to  Examinat  per  nos 

Mr.  John    Ewen,    mayor,  Will.  Dillyngham  Procur. 

by  me  Maith.  Whenn.  Joan.  Gardneu  Procur.  alt. 

Matth.  White,  not.  pub. 

From  Tabor's  book,  p.  728. 
Eliz.     The  mayor  keq)S  Barnwell  and  Sturbridge  fair  for  36  days.     Sturbridge 
fruin  Bartholomew  to  Holy  croffe.     Barnwell  morefolito. 

Liber  privilegior'  burgi. 
From  The  Great  Black  Book  it  ajipears  that  the  old  cry  (or  proclamation)  at 
Styrebridge  fayre  was  much  different  from  what  it  is  now. 

N°  XIII. 


O  F    S  T  U  II  n  R  I  D  G  E    F  A  1  R.     ■  25 


N**  XIIT; 


Quod   Vicecomcs   capiet  p"'turbatores   feriae   Barnewellciifis   five 
fcolares  iint  live  de  communitate  villas. 

]  •  i8  Ric!  IL 

REX  vicecoiti  Cantebi"'  falutem.  Cum  nuper  de  gra  nra  fpeciali  et  de  avi- 
lainto  confilii  liri  concefferimus  et  .p.  cartam  iiram  confiniiaverinius  ^  nobis  et  hsere- 
dib*  nris  dileSis  nobis  in  Chriilo  priori  et  couv'  de  Bernewell  qd  ipfi  et  fuccelTores 
fui  imppetuum  habeant  quandam  feriam  apud  Bernewell  fingulis  annis  p  14"  dies 
duratur',  viz.  p  7  dies  ^x  fequent'  eodem  die  computato  cum  omnib'  libeitatibus 
€t  confuetudiriib'  ad  hu}ufm:'  feriam  ptiacnt'  dura  tamen  feria  ilia  noii  fit  ad  no- 
cumentum  vicinarum  feriarum  j)Ut  m  carta  nra  prced'  plenius  continetur  jaiiXj 
prsefati  prior  et  conv'  nobis  intimaverint  qd  tam  plures  de  coicate  villas  Cantebi' 
quam  de  univerfitate  ejufd'  villas  in  congregationib'  et  conventiculis  iljicicis  ad 
feriam  prsd'  venire  et  eal'd'  priorera  et  conv'  quo  minus  ipfi  hujufm'  feriam  fuam 
ibm  juxta  concefljonem  nram  pra^d'  habere  valeaat  ijnpedice  intendunt  manifefte. 
Nos,  qui  univerfis  et  fingulis  ligeis  nris  tam  majorib'  quam  minorib'  equalis  judex 
et  oportunus  ^reftor  fore  aflringimur  vinculo  juraraenti,  volentes  -tam  indempnitati 
ipforum  prioris  et  conv'  ac  inviolabili  falvatioui  omnium  jurium  fuor' eis  pdiftam 
concefllonem  nram  incumbemium  quatn  iHrefic  obfervationi  pads  nr^  quam  ubiq 
confovere  renemur  jDfpicere,  ac  tranfgreflbres  ei  delinquentes  in  bac  parte  (fi  qui 
fuerint)  cunti  rigore  juftitice  caftigave  ct  dcbite  cohercerc.  Tibi  priEcipimiis  dif- 
tridtius  quo  polTumus  injungentes  qd  <ppter  bonum  pacis  et  evkationem  periculo- 
rum  qute  ligeis  nris  prcediclis  feriam  pr^d'  decenter  confluentib'  et  metu  et  raalicia 
hujufm'  congregationum"  et  conventiculor'  terribiliter  evenire  poflit  apud  villam 
de  Bernewell  tempore  ferine  pra'd'  pfonalitcr  accedas  et  ibm  ^clamari  ec  taliter 
ordin2  i  facias  ne  quis  cvijufcunq'  ilatus,  gradus,  feu  facultatis  fuerit  aliqua  hujufm* 
conventicula  et  congregationes  illicita  in  eadem  feria  ullo  colore  facere,  diccre,  vel 
inere  prffifumat  clam  vel  palam  p  qu:E  pax  nra  ledi  feu  populus  nofter  pturbari 
aut  folitus  concurfus  populi  hri  ad  feriam  prird'  impedire  poterint  quovifmodo, 
univerfos  ct  fmgulos  quos  in  hac  parte  delinquentes  invenire  potcris  arellans  et 
carccrali  cuftodie  committens  in  ead'  ialvo  cuftodlend'  quoufq  ^  eorum  delibe- 
ratione  aliter  duxerimus  demandand'.  Tefie  me  ipfo  apud  Weilm'  12°  die  Julii 
anno  rcgni  iiri  18".  >J<  Ex  rot'  clauf  de  anno  iS°  regis  ilici  II.  niembr'  3  indorf 
in  lurr'  Lond'. 

*  D  N°  XiV. 


JE. 


16  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORY 


N"  XIV. 

Cuflom  and  toll  due  in  the  time  of  Sturbridge  Fair  for  divers- 
wares  brought  thither* 

For  every  cade  of  red  herrings  at  the  lying,  i. 

For  I  GO  of  ling,  6' 
For  every  loo  of  wabboks  ling,                                                                             .  4 

For  every  100  of  codds,  4 

For  every  100  of  wabboks  codds,  2 

For  every  heap  of  fi(h  to  be  retailed  laid  upon  a  matt  of  the  old  affizc,  2 

Of  every  jiile  of  cured  fifli  for  ground  age,  4 
Of  grindeftones  every  foot, 

Of  every  perfon  that  recaileth  foap,  for  his  ftandlng  in  the  fair,,  2 

Of  every  hundred  wainfcot,  8 

Of  every  dicker  of  leather,  2 

Of  every  100  calf- n<ins,  4 

Of  every  100  fheep-fkins,  2 
For  groundage  of  every  load  of  pales,  Ihovels,  pack-faddles,  cart-faddles,  and 

goddends,  4 

Of  every  great  falt-flone,  2 
Of  every  bu[hel  of  muftard  feed. 

Of  every  load  of  ba/kets,  farms  fkepps  leeper  and  fuch  other,  4 

Of  every  ftranger  felling  frefhwater  fifli  in  kemblin,  I 

Of  every  cart  load  of  oifters  for  cart  and  {landing,  4 

Item  a  barrel  of  ofmonds,  2 

Item  a  barrel  of  pitch,  2 

Item  a  barrel  of  tar,  2 

Item  a  barrel  of  herrings,  2 

Item  a  barrel  of  cork  for  dying,  2 

Item  for  every  barrel  of  cured  fifb,;  Z 

Item  a  barrel  of  falmon,  4 

Item  a  barrel  of  oil,  4 

Item  a  barrel  of  honey,  4 

Item  of  flurgeon  a  barrel,  4 

Item  a  barrel  of  fope,  4 

Item  a  barrel  of  eels,  4 

Item  a  barrel  of  birdlime,  4 

Item 


X. 


O  F    S  T  U  R  B  R  I  D  G  E    r  A  I  R.  «7 

Item  cart  laden  uith  poles,  i 

Of  every  cart  loadeii  with  heboldines,  i 

Of  every  horfe  with  a  wombtye  loaden,  ■§• 

Of  every  cart  loaden  with  beyondfca  claphold,  2 

Item  100  of  beyondfca  ■>  iaphold  for  groundage*  1 

Of  every  cart  loaden  v.:'.':.  Englifh  claphold  and  lying  down,  2 

Of  every  horfe  fold,  i 

Of  every  load  of  kobboldynes  for  groundage,  i 

Of  every  cart  loaden  with  faggots,  befides  the  fall  penny,  i 

Of  every  cart  loaden  with  fmiths  coals,  2 

Of  every  cart  loaden  with  timber,  2 

Of  every  cart  loaden  with  Uuhes,  2 

Of  every  cart  loaden  with  boards,  z 

Of  every  cart  loaden  with  cheefe,  2 

Of  every  load  of  boards,  hurdles,  fpokes,  and  lathes,  for  groundage,  2 

Of  every  load  of  hewn  timber,  for  groundage,  2 

Of  every  fodder  of  lead,  for  groundage,  2 

Of  every  cart  or  wayne  loaden  with  lead,  for  groundage,  2 

Of  every  load  of  iron,  for  groundage  if  he  hath  no  booth,  2 

Of  every  cart  loaden  with  iron,  for  laying  down,  2 

Of  every  cart  loaden  with  hayres,  a 

Of  evety  cart  loaden  with  fackcloath,  z 
Of  every  cart  loaden  with  any  manner  of  merchandize  then  aforefaid,  at  lying 

dovvn  befide  the  groundage,  2 

Of  every  cart  or  wayne  loaden  with  nails,  at  lying  down,  2. 

Of  every  perfon  felling  nails,  for  groundage,  6 

Of  every  keel  or  boat  that  beareth  a  helm,  as  oft  as  he  cometh,  2. 

Of  every  keel  or  boat  that  beareth  no  helm,  as  oft  as  he  cometh,  I 

Of  every  heap  of  coals,                                _  4 

Of  every  cart  loaden  with  merchandize  dilcharged  at  Barnwell,  a 
Of  every  cart  charged  with  merchandize  at  Barnwell  other  than  the  inhabitants' 

goods  of  Cambridge,  coming  from  Barnwell  to  the  fair  and  there  difcharge        i 
Of  every  cart  charged  with  the  inhabitants'  goods  at  Cambridge  or  at  Barnwell 

and  difcharged  at  the  fair,  f 

Of  every  cart  loaden  with  merchandize  or  wayne  goying  out  of  the  fair,  2 


*  D  a  N"  XV. 


aS  APPENDl^t    TO    THE    HISTORY 


N'  XV. 

Styrbrydge  Fayre,  anno  1553^  Reg.  Mar.  i\ 

From  the  MS.  library  of  Bene't  CoU.  Cambridge. 

N°  32. 

Aftre  our  hartie  comendacions;  wheras  contrary  to  certain  privileges  grauntecf 
by  the  kings  majeftie  and  his  noble  progenitours  unto  his  univerfitie  of  Cambridge 
oone  John  Daye  and  Stepban  Rolandfon  wardens  of  the  crafce  and  miflery  of  the 
Pewterers  within  the  citie  of  London,  have  put  in  a  certaine  information  wnh  you 
in  the  king's  courte  of  Thexcheker  agaift  John  Meare  oone  of  the  bedells  for 
the  univerfitie  of  Cambridge  for  certaine  pewter  feafed  unto  the  king's  ufe  at  the 
lift  Sturbrid-;e  feare,  his  hignefs'  pleafure  is  that  you  proceade  no  further  to  judge- 
ment therein,  but  luffre  the  fame  to  ftay  and  hange  untill  his  majeftie's  will  be 
further  knowne,  and  thefe  ihall  be  your  fufEcient  warrant  for  the  fame.  Fare  you 
well,  from  the  king's  majiities'  palace  of  Weflminfter  the  22  of  November  1550. 

Your  loving  frend. 

This  fent  to  the  barons  of  th'Excheqiier  from  the  counfayl. 

Item  another  to  the  promoters  ut  infra  bi  the  fame  counfaylors. 


In  termino  Stl  Mictis  anno  nii''  Regn'  Edv.  Vl". 

Mem'  quod  Johannes  Daye  Sc  Stephanus  Rovvlandfon  gardiani  artis  miflere  de 
lez  Pewterers  civitatis  London'  venerunt  coram  baronib'  hujus  Atccarii  xix"  die 
Oftobris  hoc  termino  in  propriis  perfonis  fuis  et  facramentum  prefiiterunt  corpo- 
rale,  quod  ipfi  decimo  die  Septerabris  ultimo  pretent'  apud  Barnwell  in  com* 
Cant'  in  apertis  nundinis  ibidem  tunc  tentis  vocat'  Sturbridge  feyer  feifiverunt  et 
ad  opus  dni  regis  et  ipforum  Johannis  Daye  et  Stephani  Rawlandfon  arreftarunt 
diverfas  pecias  ele^ri  ad  tunc  ibidem  operati  in  falinis,  oUis,  et  cooperioriis  pro  ollis 
4  viz. 


OFSTURBRIDGEFAIR.  29 

viz.  XXXV  falinas  vocal'  holowe  fakes  ac  tres  ollas  vocat'  quarte  pottcs  et  unam 
ollam  vocat'  a  pynte  potte  ponderant'  in  toto  xxm  ];.  valor'  cujuflibet  lib' inde 
iiid.  ot5.  de  bonis  et  catt'  cujufdam  Johannis  Warrene  Pewterer  ct  ix  cooper- 
toriis  pro  oUis  ponderan'  unam  lib'  et  quatern  unius  librat'  val'  in  toto  iiii  S.  de 
bonis  et  catallis  cujufdam  Henrici  Browne  Pewterer  pro  eo  quod  faline,  oUe,  er 
coopertoria  predifta  deceptive  fa6le,  fufe,  et  operate  fuerunt  de  infufficient'  nie- 
tallo  eledtri  multo  fubtus  bonitat'  metalli  eledri  fafti,  fuli,  et  operati  in  civitate 
London  contra  formam  ftaluti  in  hujufmodi  cafu  inde  nuper  edit'  et  provif.  Quo- 
rum pretextu  iidem  Johannes  Daye  et  Stephanus  fuerunt  tunc  ibidem  de  falinis, 
ollis,  et  coopertoriis  prediftis  ad  opus  prediftum  polTeflicnati.  Et  ipfi  fie  inde  pof- 
fcffionati  exiftentes  poftea  viz.  xi  die  Septembris  apud  Barnwell  predictam  venit 
quidam  Johannes  Mere  al'.  Meres  de  villa  Cantebrig'  ad  tunc  unus  bedellorurn 
univeiTitatis  Cantabr'  una  cum  quam  pluribus  aliis  fibi  aggregatis  vi  et  armis  ac 
diftas  falinas,  ollas,  et  coopertoria  extra  manus  et  pofTeflionem  dni  regis  et  ipforum 
Johannis  Daye  et  Stephani  cepit  et  refcuffit,  et  voluntatem  fuam  inde  fecit  in  con- 
temptu  dni  regis  ac  contra  leges  fuas,  unde  predi<Sti  Johannes  Daye  et  Stepl'anus 
Rowlandfon  pctunt  avis.  Curiae  in  preraiffis.  Ac  quod  prediftus  Johannes  Mere 
al'  Meres  veniat  hie  ad  refpondendam  dno  regi  tarn  de  contemptu  prediflo  quam 

de  bonis  prediflis.     Ac  quod  iidem  Johannes  Daye  et  Stephanus  Rowlandfon «• 

eorundem  bonovum  habere  valeant  juxta  formam  flatuti  predifli. 


^■°  34- 

Edvvardus  Sextus  Dei  gratia  Anglie,  Francic,  et  Hiberni^  Rex,  Fidel  Defenfor, 
et  in  terra  Ecclefias  Anglicante  et  Hibernicae  fupremum  caput  Vic'  Cant'  falutem. 
Precipimus  tibi  quod  non  omittas  propter  aliquara  liTDertatem  quin  venire  facias 
coram  baronibus  de  faccario  noftro  apud  Weftmonall'  in  Oftavis  Sti  Hillarii 
Johannem  Merc  alias  Meres  de  villa  Cant'  nuper  unuhi  bedell'  univerfitatis  Cant* 
ad  refpondendum  nobis  de  diverfis  falinis  et  aliis  rebus  de  infufEcient'  metallo  elec-  ■ 
tri  operatis  nuper  ad  Johannem  Deye  et  Stephanum  Rowlandfon  gardianos  artis 
de  lez  Pevvterers  London  ad  opus  noftrura  certis  de  caufis  tanquam  forisfad'  perti> 
nent'  nuper  feift  et  arreftat'  ac  in  manibus  et  pofleflione  ipfius  Johannis  Mere  ad 
opus  nofirum  cuftodiend'- demifs'  aut  de  pretio  five  valore  inde,  unde  nobis  nondum 
eft  refponfum,  et  habeas' ibi  tunc  hoc  breve.  T.  Rogero  Cholmeley  mil' apud 
Vi'eflm'  xii°  die  Novcmbris  anno  regni  noltri  quinto. 


N<'35- 


JO  A  P  r  E  N  D  'I  S    TO    THE    II  I  S  T  0  R  Y 


N'  55. 

'Wheras  thuniverfitic  of  Cambrige  have  bi  the  king's  itiajeftle  aiid  other  his 
"tloble  pvogenitours  charters  ainong  other  things  the  viewe,  ferche,  correif>ion,  and 
fbrfcture  of  all  pewter  that  comyth  to  Sturbrige  fayr  unmerchantable,  and  youe 
J<chn  Dave  and  Stephan  Rowlandfon  intermedled  with  the  ferche  therof,  clayming 
the  moytie  of  all  fbche  pewter  as  ther  was  fownd  forfeted,  and  being  therof  de- 
nyed  have  put  in  to  the  kings  majeflie's  court  of  thefchekyr  for  the  recovery  of 
the  fiiydc  moytie  an  information  agaynfl:  John  Mere  one  of  the  bedels  for  the  fayd 
univerfiiie  and  the  officer  appoynted  with  other  for  the  ferche  therof  aforfayd. 
The  king's  majeftie's  pleafure  is  for  faving  of  the  fayd  privileges  that  youe  pro- 
cede  no  further  thcrin,  bm  fuffcr  the  fame  to  rtaye  and  hang  untyl  his  majeftie's 
wyll  be 'further  knowen,  and  this  (hall  be  your  fufficicnt  warrant  for  the  fame. 
Fare  ye  wel,  from  the  King's  Palace  of  Weflm'  ye  xxi  Nuvemb'  1550, 

Your  lovyng  Frends. 

"Edw.  Somerfet.    T.  Cant.    J.  Warwike.   J.  Bedford.   "W.  Worthe.    Ed.  Clynto. 
W.Paget.     T.Ely.     Th.Cheyne. 

Mem.  that  Mrs.  Fan  and  Branfoye  wer  joyned  with  Mr.  Mere  and  Mr.  Shir- 
wood  in  ferche  at  this  tayer. 

Mr.  Mery's  cofls  to  difcharge  the  Pewterers  enformatlon. 

Spent  in  his  jornye-xvS.  11  ^f. 

Unde  allowed  of  the  townfmen  towards  his  chargys  xviis.  1  3.  and  rec.  herof 
of  thuniverfitic  raoneye  at  London  xl  §.  14  Novera.  an.  1550. 

At  this  ferche  of  pewter  the  aldermen  of  the  Pewterers  wer  inhibited  ther 
ferche  bi  the  ferchcrs  of  the  univerfitie  and  town,  but  at  length  agreed  to  ferche 
joyntly.     10  Sept. 

Mem.  That  the  wardens  of  the  Pewterers  of  London  ceafing  the  pewter  wer 
refcued  bi  J.  Mere  bedel  and  the  towns  men,  and  toke  from  them  the  pewter  for- 
feted, wheruppon  thei  fued  the  fayd  J.  Merc  in  the  eickekyr,  he  fought  to  the 
counfayl  for  redrefs  to  the  confirmation  of  the  univerfitie's  privileges,  and  optayn« 
ed  their  letters  to  the  wardens  chargyng  them  to  ceafe  of  their  futc. 
To  ihe  chargis  wer  the  baylyes  contributorye. 


li"  36. 


0  F-.  S;T  U.R  BR  I.  D  G  E.    F  A  I  R»  ^i 


Thus  receyved  bl  the  Bedel  and  the-  Townfmen  aod  partly  found  by  promoters. 

Rychard  Lylye  of  Stow  of  Thold  in  Gloffeterfliere  hathe  put  to  fale  ^,T 

contrary  to  the  llatute  vii  peces  of  weldie  frefe  and  hathe  paid 
for  his  fyne  to  Draper  the  partye  that  fued  xx  s,  and  for  the 
quenes  parte        .      .  .  - ::  •;;;!  n- .- '  •  ykln, 

Receyved  of  Mr.  Caree.  of  Bryflow  for  ;icv  pece§  of  kariey, put  tp-;^-  ,t, 
'  fale  contrarye  to  the  ftatute     .  .      .  .     •js'^'r.  >  •-.lyi.T  j^j^ifjt.:'.. 

And  off  Maye  for  felts  forfeited      ,  .      ,  .     /  .         ,vs;iiir3. 

Receyved  of  Tho.  Mate  for  11  l^arfeys  aud  i  frcfa  "     . '  xxx  s. 

Receyved  of  Mr.  Ryngfted  for  e'sphaunge  olde  fylver  and  from  John 
Holls  XXV  s.  wheregf  Tho.  Gardenc;-  the  promoter  h^d  xx  s.  and 
vs.  for  the  quene..  ,  ,  ,,      • 

Receyved  of  Thomas  Daye  for  n\  peces  pf  karfeye  put  to  fale  cpn- 

trarye  to  the  adl  andfeafed  fgr  the  quene         ,      .  .  xxx.s.. 

Receyved  of  the  11  Str£aches  anc^  Bowldgr:  of .  Wa:yjsi\.:for  clothes 

forfeyred  ..  .  .  /  x'.-r     ■■■•     ->.'r.^-!~'    •  x  s. 

Receyved  of  the  Wardens  of  the  Pewterers  for  pewter  forfeited  viii  s.  iiu  3< 

Receyved  of  Smythe  Tv/yffyn  and  Had(lack  for  •■-..;:.         i-i  ?•.  vni4.,., 

Receyved  of  Mr.  Cdxe  of  Bryftow  for  VIII  peceo.  »,„  =  .j;i        xi;-s»..f-.  r-.    -^i 

Receyved  of  Mr.  Chambers  Habberdaslher  for  a;  ^ri;r,:!Gappe  fold-^.i  :  . 
Receyved  of.Mn  Kytchyn  Goldfmith  for  .bying.6  qf.  ^(i<9;^j  -Lt/iJ  '-.    ^  ?•;:;•.■■'  >  i.c_' 
Receyved  of  Mr.  Hamlett  for  mattrefles  forfey  ted  T     '  vs.  "'"'"' 

Receyved  of  Geo.  Alys  for  the  lyke  .  .  vs». 

At  the  bottom  of  the  page  it]  a  different  hand  are  the  three  following  Items^ 
which  feem  to  be  the  difburfements  of  the  taxors. 

Item  for  the  woman  for  the  fewing  .  .  li  s. 

Item  paid  Wyltm  Gf£ng&for,a  capp«..  .5.^^,^^  .  ,.^^        lis.  ilii  cL . 

item  for  our  chargys  at  the  fay  re  '»■  ""  '^      i  ••        x  s. 


N«  37, 


'3Z  APPENDIX    TO    STURBRIDGE, 


K^  37. 

"  'Styrbr'  Fay^e  1555. 

'Imprimis,  Rec' of  RoBt  Putman  of  Stafford  towne    '    -;  I  XL  s. ' 

■It.  of  Thorns  Duffyld  of  London  for  karfeys  and  cotons  .  xxx  s. 

It.  of  Mr.  Kempe  for  XXI  karfeys  .  .       '         ,      -   ^     XL  s. 

It.  of  Mr.  Ingledew  of  London  for  x  pec'  frefe  .        •     •         vs. 

It.  of  Huffeye  for  frefes  ■,  .'  i,        (^  ^ymC        mis. 

It.  of  Richard  Tayler  draper  ^     •  ,     :>'.:}tL.1  ^h  iii  s.  rili^d'. 

It.  of  the  Pewterers  .      -  .      -  «      h^tijluii  :  11  s.  X  3. 

It.  of  Mayat  for  unfealed  karfeyes  i  .^  ■■-r-  ^  xii  s. 

It.  of  Mr.  Myllys  for  11  brode  clothes  i  •  xii  s.   iiii  S, 

It.  of  Mr.  Torkynton  for  V  karfeyes  •*  .ii.cii^  .*,..;  us.  viii  3. 

It.  of  Mr.  Lute  for  VI  karfeyes  •  »  ;   ■         vs. 

It.  of  Whvpps  Draper  of  London  >.  jiiiolay*  ins.  -H 

It.  of  Mr.  Care  of  Briftowe  .  ,         b:qib'      .  xx  d.      ;  vj 

It.  of  Mr.  Lee  for  III  yards  brode  clothe  i-'^^'-  •-•      .  v  I.  xi'cf.:'  -I 

It,  of  Pynchbeck  and  Jackman  for  fether  beds  •  ■•  xin  s.  -ini  a. 

It.  of  John  Maffeye  for  III  packs  of  frefe  ~.  .  xriiS.' .ii«3» 

It.  of  Mr.  Sprat  for  karfeys  .  .  .  .vs.  -iv ,,_.. 

It.  to  the  chapell  keepers  and  attendinge  on  the  beame  and  fkals;)  ."liVi  ^0  b37\(3D3H 
Mem.  that  Mr.  Fletcher  hathe  remayninge  in  his  bands  of  Mr.TIudrdn'sofJ^en^r 
don  I  remnente  of  brode  clothe  of  iii  yards  fave  a-nayle  not  yet  dev^yded.    ■'  t j--:  •  - 

.   •?  ;v1iot  Eolb-jWnr,-;  "ot  :?J3lmfiH  .I  .-paaH 


BND    OF    NUMBER    XXXVIII.    ' 


BIBLIOTHECA 

TOPOGRAPHICA 

B      Pv      I      T       A      N      N      I      C      A. 

N**      XXIII. 


liii 


.S3M  uion  ,;.-!>i...; 

-n;  fr M  CONTAINING 


'    'The  History  and    Antiquities  of 
BAW  S  TB:D,  In  the  County  of  Suffolk. 


tijiiiju  J.>   iiLii    J. 


[Fiice  Nine  Shillings.]   j 


AMONG  th(i  varlaus  Labours  of  Literary  Men,  there  have  always 
been  certain  Fragments  whofe  Size  could  not  fecure  them  a  general 
Exemption  from  the  Wreck  of  Time,  which  their  intrinfic  Merit  entitled 
them  to  furvive  ;  but,  having  been  gathered  up  by  the  Curious,  or  thrown 
Into  Mlfcellaneous  CoUcclions  by  Bcoklellers,  they  have  been  recalled  into 
Exigence,  and  by  uniting  together  have  defended  themfelves  from  Oblivion. 
Original  Pieces  have  been  called  into  their  Aid,  and  formed  a  Phalanx  that 
might  wlthftand  every  Attack  from  the  Critic  to  the  Cheefemonger,  and 
contributed  to  the  Ornament  as  well  as  Value  of  Libraries. 

With  a  fimilar  view  it  is  here  intended  to  prelent  the  Publick  with  fome 
valuable  Articles  of  British  Topography,  from  printed  Books  and  MSS. 
One  Part  of  this  Colledion  will  confiftof  Re-publications  of  fcarce  and  va- 
rious Tracts ;  another  of  fuch  MS.  Papers  as  the  Editors  are  already 
poflefled  of,  or  may  receive  from  their  Friends. 

It  is  therefore  .propofed  to  publifh  a  Number  occafionally,  not  confined 
to  the  fame  Price  or  Quantity  of  Sheets,  nor  ahvays  adorned  with  Cuts; 
but  paged  in  fuch  a  Manner,  that  the  general  Articles,  or  thofe  belonging 
to  the  refpecfllve  Cduiitles,  may  form  a  feparate  Succeffion,  if  there  (hould 
be  enough  publiflied,  to  bind  in  fuitable  Clafles  ;  and  each  Traft  will  be 
completed  in  a'ungle  Nvmiber. 

Into  this  Colledlon  all  Communications  confiftcnt  with  the  Plan  will 
be  received  with  Thanks.  And  as  no  Correlpondent  will  be  denied  the 
Privilege  of  controverting  the  Opinions  of  another,  fo  none  will  be  denied 
Admittance  without  a  fair  and  impartial  Reafon. 

*;)(;.*  This  Number  contains  Four  Plates;  one  of  them,  the  Portrait  of 
Mifs  D  R  U  R  Y,  may  be  had  feparately,  Price  is. 


THE 


HISTORY    AND    ANTIQUITIES 


O   F 


H         A        W        S         T        E         D, 


In   the    County   of    SUFFOLK. 


By  the  Rev.  Sir  J  O  H  N  C  U  L  L  U  M,  Bart.  F.H.  and  A.  SS. 


LONDON, 

PRINTED    BY    AND     FOR     J.     NICHOLS, 

PRINTER    TO    THE    SOCIETY     OF    ANTIQUARIES; 

AND  SOLD  BY  ALL  THE  BOOKSELLERS  IN  GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  IRELANIH 

MDCCLXXXIV. 


c 


D      V     E     11     T     I     S      E      M     E     N     T. 


^X^IIE  Compiler  of  the  following  pages  cannot  lay  them  before 
-»-    .the  Public,   without  exprefling  a  wifli,  that  he  could  have 
rendered   them   lefs  unworthy   of  its  notice.      His  materials,  as 
thofe  of  an  individual  muft   be,  were,   though  not  fcanty,  yet 
ckfedlive  in  many  particulars,   and  at  various  periods  ;   nor  dares 
he  be  confident,   that   of  thofe  which  he  poffefled  the  bell  ufe 
has  been  always  made.      Several   little  circumftances  and  hints 
may  have  efcaped  his  attention,  which  others  perhaps  would  have 
feized,  and  happily  applied  ;  and  fome  of  his  conclufions  may  be 
poflibly  thought  lefs  accurately  deduced.     He  is  certain,  however, 
of  his  defign,  which  is  that  of  contributing  his  j^ittance  towards 
the  innocent  amufement,  and  happinefs,  of  fome  of  his  fellow- 
creatures.     To  this  purpofe,  he  has  not  contented  himfelf  with 
tracing   the   revolutions    of  property,   with  drawing   out   gene- 
alogies, and  giving  a  lift  of  the  recflors  of  the  church  ;  but  has 
interfperfed,   wherever  he  was  able,  fketches  of  ancient  life  and 
manners;   happy,  if  in  his  rambles  and  refearches  as  a  Topo- 
graphical Hiftorian,   he  can  allure  into  his  company  the  Moral 
I'lulolbpher,   and    make   him  the  affociate  of  his  journey.      He 
hopes,   he  has  not  been  entirely  difappointed  in  his  views  ;   and 
that   the  Reader  of  the   following  compilation  will  be   induced 
by  it  to  fet  a  proper  value  upon  his  being  born  in  the  eighteenth 
century,  dittinguiilied  above  all  that  preceded  it  by  equal  and  well 

A   3  executed 


vi  ADVERTISEMENT. 

executed  laws,  by  civil  and  religious  liberty,  and  a  general  civi- 
lization and  philanthropy.  It  is  not  indeed  prefumed,  that  the 
following  Eflay  can  be  fufficient  to  fet  this  truth  in  its  full  light ; 
ail  to  which  it  can  pretend  is,  to  fcatter  a  few  rays  upon  it ;  but 
a  County  Hiftory,  conduced  on  the  fame  plan,  would  difplay  it 
in  all  its  fplendor.  , 

It  may  not  perhaps  be  improper  to  add  a  few  words  concern- 
ing the  order  and  diftribntion  of  this  work.  The  firft  place  was 
thought  due  to  Natural  Hiftory,  oji  account  of  the  divine  origin 
of  the  objects  which  it  embraces.  The  fecond  was  affigned  to 
the  Church,  as  involving  many  particulars  of  a  facred  and  re- 
ligious nature.  The  proprietors  of  land,  and  its  cultivation,  fell 
of  courfe  into  the  third  and  fourth.  Had  the  Compiler  obferved, 
that  l^is  precurfors  in  this  walk,  had  been  unanimous  in  the  ar- 
rangement of  their  materials,  he  would  not  have  ventured  to 
deviate  from  that  plan  ;  but,  as  that  did  not  appear  to  be  the  cafe, 
he  thought  nimfelf  at  liberty  to  adopt  fuch  a  method  as  feemed 
to  him  mofl  proper. 

On  the  oppofite  page  are  correded  fome  typographical  errors, 
which  fliould  not  have  appeared,  if  a  nearer  refidence  to  the  prefs 
had  given  an  opportunity  of  a  repeated  corredlion  of  the  proof- 
flieets.  There  remain  unnoticed  fome  few  feeming  inconfiftencies 
in  orthography,  which  arofe  from  the  Compiler's  adopting  that  of 
the  Books  or  MSS.  which  happened  to  lie  before  him  at  the  time 
of  tranfcribing. 


Hardvvick-Houfe,  T      f^ 

a6  July,  1784;  ....  J*    *^' 


t   vii  ] 


CORRECTIONS. 

T.  3. 1,  i.  before /outi  infert,  the.  P.  4.  I.  21.  tad,  ferfoliata.  P.  9. 1. 19.  after //y</.mfert,  pf. 
P.  27.  1.  II.  after  BeaJs  infeit,  2.  1.  16.  expunge,  2.  P.  77.  1.  7.  read,  1647.  P.  87.  1.  12. 
expunge,  el  i  a  lofci.  in  note  4.  read,  fumma.  P.  95.  1.  20.  for  two  read,  eki'en.  P.  101.  1.  8. 
read,  Lifc-eJIate.  P,  116.  note  i.  read,  17.  Note  3.  1,  1.  for  or  read,  for.  P.  iig.  at  the  end 
of  note  I.  read,  324.  P.  134,  1.  20.  read.  Panels.  P.  136.  note  2.  read,  achie'vcmcnt.  P.  139. 
1.  24.  after  ^/a^r^^  infert,  and.  P.  164.  1.6.  after  as  infert,  of.  P.  174.  1.  10.  read  achievements. 
P.  182.  11.  II,  14,  read,  Siligo.  P.  184.  1,  4.  md,  Bujlnli.  Note  2.  1.  i.  read,  numbers.  P.  3107. 
1.  7.  read,  average. 


Directions  to  the  Binder. 

Plate  I.     The  Church  to  face  page  41. 
Plate  II.     Portrait  of  Mifs  Drury,  to  face  page  146. 
Plate  III.  Seals,  to  face  page  156. 
Plate  IV.  The  Portable  Altar,  to  face  page  142. 
The  Pedigrees  of  the  Cloptons,  the  Drurys  (which  confifls  of  four 
parts),  and  the  Cullums,  are  all  properly  paged. 


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[  I  ] 


H     A     W     S     T     E     D. 


C     H      A     P.\     1. 

NATURAL      HISTORY. 

HAWS  TED,  in  Domefday  book  Haldfted ',  is  diftant  from 
Bury  St.  Edmund's,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  between  3 
and  4  miles  to  S.W;  and  from  London  about  70  to  N.E.  It  is 
fituated  in  the  Hundred  of  Thingo,  in  the  archdeaconry  of 
Sudbury,  and  diocefe  of  Norwich ;  and  furrounded  by  the  vil- 
lages of  Nowton,  Great  Welnetham,  Lawfhall,  Whepfted  and 
Horningiheath.  The  bounds  pafs  through  the  north  and  fouth 
doors  of  Nowton  church.  It  frequently  happens  in  crowded 
towns,  and  fometimes  even  in  the  country,  that  private  houfes 
are  fo  lituated  as  to  have  fome  part  at  leaft  of  the  perambulat- 
ing cavalcade,  pafs  through  them :  but  for  a  facred  building  in 

'  In  Haldfteda  .  xxviri .  libi  homioes  de .  iiii .  c  tra  .  7  Odo  ten& .  i  .  car 

7  duo  clerici .  Alboldus  &  petrus .  11 .  c .  7  Agenetus .  xx .  ac  sep  in  .  uitt . 

&  XXI  .Bor .  Sep.  xin  .  c.&.ii  ..feru  .  7.XVI  .ac  pti.  Silua  de.iii  .pore. 

Hi  pot  dar  &  uend  tr.f&  sac  7  foe  7  com  reman  Sco.Sep  uat  iiii. 

lib.Ecta  de  xxx  ac  liBe  trse.ht  inlong.viii  .qr.  7  .vi  .  in  lat.&  inget 

XIII .  d.  7  oboJ. 

Domefday  Book,  Fol.  358.  a. 

B  the 


z  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  I. 

the  country  to  be  thus  circumftanced,  is,  I  beUeve,  very  unufual '. 
Upon  the  bounds  to  S.  W.  grew  fome  years  ago  a  majeftic  tree, 
called  the  Go/pel  Qak :  it  flood  on  an  eminence,  and  commanded 
an  extcnllve  prolpcLT:.  Under  the  fliade  of  this  the  clergyman 
and  his  parifliioners  ufetl  to  ftop  in  their  annual  perambulations, 
and,  furveying  a  condderable  extent  of  a  fruitful  and  well-cul- 
tivated country,   repeat  fome  prayers   proper  for  the  occalion. 

Domefday  book  fays  this  parifh  contains  13  carucates,  or 
about  1300  acres  ;  and  is  8  furlongs  long  and  6  broad.  In  both 
thefe  particulars  it  is  much  beneath  the  truth:  it  contains  about 
2000  acres;  and  if  we  double  the  length  and  breadth,  we  fliali 
approach  nearer  its  real  dimenfions. 

The  furface  of  the  ground  is  diverfiiied  with  thofe  gentle  in- 
equalities fo  pleafing  to  the  eye,  and  in  this  country  fo  favour- 
able to  agriculture.  The  foil  is  a  light-coloured  ftrong  loam,  bj 
Nature  fertile  in  paftures  and  timber;  and  by  cultivation,  pro- 
ducing plentifully  every  vegetable  for  the  ufe  and  pleafure  of 
man  which  the- climate  will  permit.  The  oak,  afli,  and  maple, 
are  the  predominant  timber-trees ;  and  thefe  are  probably  the 
only  original  natives.  The  lime,  fycomore,  poplar,  broad  and 
narrow-leaved  elm,  beach,  walnut-tree,  Scotch  and  fpruce  fir, 
oriental  and  occidental  plane-trees  (of  which  only  the  poi^lar,. 
beach,  Scotch  fir  and  ehus  '  are  indigenous  of  Great  Britain),, 
tlirive  as  well  as  if  they  were  the  natural  produce  of  the  place» 
The  plane-trees  deferve  fome  notice,  efpecially  the  firft  fort, 
which  is  a  native  of  the  Levant,  was  cultivated  near  ancient 
Rome  with  an  excefs  of  fondnefs,   and  introduced  into  England 

•  There  was  a  chapel  on  a  bridge  in  Drokvvich,  Worcefterfhire,  through  which 
the  high  tuiiipiUe-ioad  pafTcd,  till  within  a  very  few  years;  aiui  the  congregation 
luting  on  one  lide  of  tlje  king's  way,  heard  the  preacher  from  his  pulpit  on  the 
othtr.  The  congregation  obtained  leave  to  take  the  chapel  down  about  1763,  on 
condition  of  building  another  in  a  better  fituation ;  but  this,  like  other  public 
works,  was  fo  badly  executed  of  brick,  that  it  is  almoll  ufclefs  already.  Nath's 
Wore.  I.  529. 

It  has  been  doubted  whether  the  narrow- leaved  elm  be  a  native  of  England. 
Sec  Mr.  Barringion  in  I'hil.  Traiil'.  i7''J9;  vol.  LIX.  art.  5. 

3  i>y 


Chap.  I.]  OFHAWSTED.  3 

by  lord  Bacon,  who  died  in  1627.  There  are  three  of  them  on 
rather  a  dry  fpot  a  little  to  fouth  of  the  Place :  the  largeil  is  9 
feet  10  inches  in  circumference  at  3  feet  above  the  ground  ;  the 
others  are  not  much  fmaller  :  all  of  them  at  the  height  of  about 
8  feet  divide  into  branches,  which  fpread  every  way  near  20 
feet  from  the  trunk.  The  original  ones  at  Gorhambury  are  now 
no  more:  thefe  are  probably  not  much  their  juniors,  nor  ex- 
ceeded by  many  in  England.  One  of  the  latter  fort,  not  far 
from  the  others,  and  alio  on  an  elevated  fpot,  has  fiiot  up  to  the 
height  of  about  60  feet,  with  a  ftrait  round  ftem  that  meafures 
6|  feet  in  circumference  at  3  feet  above  the  ground.  It  is  a  brit- 
tle tree,  its  branches  being  frequently  fliattered  by  the  wind. 
This,  fays  Mr.  Evelyn,  who  calls  it  the  Weft-Indian  plane,  and 
who  wrote  his  difcourfe  of  foreft-trees  in  1662,  is  not  altoge- 
ther fo  rare  as  the  other :  yet  Johnfon,  who  republillied  Ge- 
rarde's  Herbal  in  1636,  mentions  only  the  firft  fort;  of  which 
one  or  two  young  ones  were  then  growing  with  Mr.  Tradefcant. 
Some  wild  cherry-trees  (Primus  Avium)  have  alfo  thriven  in  a 
hedge-row  near  the  Place  to  a  confiderable  fize  :  one  about  40 
feet  high  meafures  5  feet  in  circumference  at  3  feet  above  the 
ground.  Some  apple  orchards  thrive  well;  and  cyder  is  fome- 
times  made,  but  not  excellent.  But  even  the  beft  liquor  of  that 
kind  would  be  very  ill  relilhed  by  the  common  people  in  this 
barley-bearing  county. 

To  thefe  more  majeftic  produ6lions  of  vegetation  is  fubjoined 
a  lift  of  thole  of  more  humble  growth.  Some  of  them  are  me- 
dicinal; fome  rare;  and  few  of  them  perhaps  fo  common  as  to 
be  found  in  all  parts  of  the  kingdom.  Whatever  they  be,  they 
form  part  of  that  gay  robe  with  which  the  earth  is  invefted  : 
and  though  we  may  not  be  able  to  difcover  all  their  ufes,  at  leaft 
they  are  too  beautiful  and  various  to  be  trampled  on  unheeded. 

Great  wild  Valerian  {J'^alcriana  of.')  \\\  moift  fliady  places. 
Wild  Teafel  {Tilpfacui  Fulhnum  fylv.')  1    .     1     j  . . 
Small  wild  Teal'el  {DipjlKus  plojus)       J    ^  »    ' 

■i  2  Little 


HISTORY     AND     ANtI  Q_U  I  T  I  E  S        [Chap.  f. 

Little  Field  Madder  {Sherard'm  arnj^  in  corn. 

Woodroof  {^Afpifiila  odorata)  \\\  Ihady  places* 

Gronnvell  (^Litho/permiini  c^.)  by  the  road-fides. 

Moneywort  (^L,yftmachiti  numi/iulariii)  in,  moill  places. 

Snge-leaved  black  Mullen  {yerbafciun  nignini)  by  the  road-fides.. 

The  greater  Periwlncle  {I'lnca  majar^  in  hedges. 

Deadly  Nightdia^Ie  {^Airopa  Bdiadonna)  in  hedges^ 

Great  Throatwort  {C(;;/«/)^««/rf  TracbeliuDi)  in  hedges^ 

Autumnal  Gentian  {Gcntia7m  Amarella)  in  paftures. 

Sanicle  {Samcula  JLiiropiea)  in  woods. 

Thorough- wax  {Bupknrum  rottind'ifohuni)  in  corn. 

Wild  Angelica  {/Ingelica  fyheftris^  \\\  woods. 

Baflard  Stone-Parfley  {S'ljbn  Ainomiwi)  in  hedges. 

Earth  Nut  {Btiniui'n  Bulbocajianum)  in  pafi;ures. 

Water  Hemlock  {Phellandrium  aquaticum). 

Great  Burnet  Saxifrage  {Pimpinclld  major)  in  woods. 

Purging  Flax  {L'lnum  Calbart'icwn^  in  pallures.  a     ■ 

Mo\.\ittai\  (ATyoJhrus  m/'/i/wus^  in  paftures.  .      -      ,^;. 

Chequered. Daffodil,  or  Fritillary  {FritiUaria  Melcagris)\n.  meadow's,.  ' 

Meadow  Saffi'on  {Colchiciimautumnale)  in  meadows. 

Yellow  Centaury  (Chlora  ptifoliatd)  in  paftures. 

White  Sengreen  {Saxifraga  grmndatd)  in  paftures. 

Night-flowering  Catch- fly  (Sdene  noEiifiora)  in  corn. 

Orpine,  or  Live-long  {Ssdiim  Telephhtm')  in  paftures. 

Wood  Sorrel  (0.\udis  acetofelld). 

Agrimony  (^Agr'nnonia  R'lpaloriiun')  in  hedges. 

\\  ild  Larkfpur  {Ddphinium  Confol'.dci)  in  corn. 

Common  Columbines  {_Ajuiiegia  vu/gS)  in  hedges. 

Great  Baftard  Hellebore  (^H  ikborns  fcctidus')  in  woods. 

Crefted  Cow-wheat  {jSlelampyriun  cr'ijlatuvi)  in  woods  and  paftures. 

Wild  Succory  {Cichorium  Intybus)  by  the  road-fides. 

Dwarf  Carliiic  Thiftle  (Carduiis  acatilos)  in  paftures. 

Ploughman's  Spikenard  (Coniza  fquarroji}')  m  hedges. 

Panfies,  or  Heart's-eafe  {Viola  "Tricolor)  in  corn. 

Green  Man-orchis  (Opbrjs  Antkropopbora)  on  dry  grafty  banks. 

Bee  Orclils  {Opbrys  apijera')  in  paftures. 

Burnet  {^Poicrium Jangu'ijorbd)  in  paftures. 

Croiwort,  or  Mugweed  (J^'^alanlia  cruciatd)  in  hedges. 

Rough  Horfe-tail,  or  Shave- grafs  (Eqiitfetuin  byemale)  in  woods. 

Adder's  Tongue  {ppbiogloj/um  •vidgalmn)  in  paftures. 

Mart's  Tongue  {_Ajplenium  Scolopendiuni)  in  fr.adv  hedges. 

White 


Chap.  I.]  OF         HAW     S     T     E     D.  5 

White  Maiden-hair  (^AJplcn'um  Ruta  muraria)  on   the  church,   and  old 

walls  about  the  Place. 
Male  and  female  Polypody  {Folypodium  Mas  et  Fern.')  in  fhady  hedges. 
Morel  {PhaUui  ejculentus)  in  fliady  places. 
Crimfon  Cup  Peziza  {Pe%iza  cocdma)  on  half-rotten   flicks  in  fliady 

hedges. 

Beneath  the  upper  coat  of  black  vegetable  mould,  produced 
by  cultivation,  and  the  fucceffive  decay  of  vegetables,  appears  the 
natural  foil,  a  light-coloured  loam,  which  the  natives  call  a 
clay  '.  Of  this  are  made  threfliing-fioors,  now  not  much  ufed 
for  wheat ;  as  alfo  a  good  mortar,  or  daubing^  for  the  walls  of 
houfes  ;  fo  that  if  bricks  were  made  here,  as  they  ufed  to  be, 
there  would  be  few  fpots  that  produce  more  matenals  towards 
building  a  comfortable  cottage  for  a  poor  man.  At  about  10 
feet  deep  the  loam'  becomes  of  a  very  deep  blue  colour,  and  fo 
continues  for  about  30  feet,  beyond  which  I  believe  the  pick-ax 
has  not  reached;  for  there  are  no  wells  in  the  higher  fpots  of 
the  village.  In  both  thefe  Ih-ata  are  found  fmall  fnake-ftones 
(Helmintholithiis  Ammonites)^  crow-ftones  (Helmintholithus  Gryphi- 
tcs),  and  fmall  irregular  fragments  of  chalk  almofc  as  hard  as 
lime-ftone.  Of  gravel,  there  is  but  little;  and  that  fine,  and 
greafy,  good  neither  for  the  roads,  nor  garden  walks. 

Some  pretty  rivulets  wind  through  the  meadows  ;  and  fprings 
fife  indifcrirainately  in  the  higheft  and  loweft  grounds.  T'/je 
Place,  that  Hands  higb,  is  fupplied  by  a  fpring  that  rifes  fiill 
higher  at  feme  diflance  from  it :  and  in  a  low  part  of  the  lane 
tliat  leads  from  the  Green  towards  Whepfccd,  is  another  that  rifes 
to  a  level  with  the  road  :  it  had  formerly  a  margin  of  free-ilone, 
part  of  which  ftill  remains  infcribc<i ; 

Ir  i3  cert-iinly,  properly  fpc.iking,  nor  a  cby,  bfing  t!iickly  interfperfed  with 
little  ncdi'.ies  of  challi,  and  coiifcqu-ntly  elFervclciisg  with  acids. 

Jacob's, 


6  HISTORY    AND    ANTIC^UITIES       [Chap.  I. 

Jacob's  well. 
Empty  the  fea, 
And  empty  me. 

Its  boaft  is  not  a  vain  one  ;  for  it  was  never  exhauftcd  during 
the  late  fuccellion  of  remarkably  dry  fummers.  Near  a  farm- 
houfe  at  Finford  Endy  which  ftands  in  a  valley,  nearly  on  a  le- 
vel with  the  laft,  when  a  well  was  dug  in  1780,  water  was  not 
found  till  the  depth  of  36  feet.  At  fiich  very  unequal  depths 
are  thefe  little  fubterraneous  currents  difperfed. 

The  Land  Rail,  that  fcarce,  and  delicate  bird,  is  found  here  in 
autumn. 

The  air,  it  fliould  ieem,  is  falubrious,  there  being  no  marfhes 
nor  ftagnating  waters  to  load  it  with  noxious  vapours.  Nor  are 
the  inhabitants  fubje(5t  to  any  particular  maladies.  They  are  re- 
markably free  from  coughs  :  and  while  the  places  of  worfhip  in 
the  metropolis  refound  with  the  labouring  lungs  of  the  audi- 
ences, in  this  church 

No  coughing  drowns  the  parfon's  faw. 

Why  they  are  free  from  this  diforder,  no  better  reafon  can  per- 
haps be  given,  than  that  they  take  no  pains  to  guard  againft  it. 
Even  in  winter,  one  of  the  church-doors  often  ftands  open  dur- 
ing the  whole  fervice,  no  one  thinking  it  worth  while  to  rife 
and  fhut  it.  Yet  for  fome  reafon  or  other  this  place  is  not  fo  fa- 
vourable to  human  life  as  fome  others,  about  i  in  47  dying  an- 
nually for  thefe  laft  14  years.  But  it  is  to  adults  that  it  feems 
lefs  friendly ;  for  to  infant  life  it  is  very  propitious.  In  thefe 
laft  14  years,  188  children  have  been  chriftened  here;  dur- 
ing which  time  only  33  have  died  under  two  years  of  age,  which 
is  about  I  in  6.     The  moft  prolific  year  in  that  period  was  i77  5» 

which 


Chap.  I.]  OFHAWSTED.  7 

which  produced  2  2  children ;  not  one  of  which  died  under  two 
years  of  age.  In  great  cities,  I  beUeve  about  one  third  that  are 
born  are  fwept  away  under  that  age.  The  moft  fatal  period  here 
feems  the  firft  year. 


CHAP.  II. 

THE       CHURCH^ 

AND    RELIGIOUS    CUSTOMS    AND    CEREMONIES. 


THE  church  is  a  re(5lory  endowed  with  the  great  and  fmall 
tithes,   fubje6t  only  to  one  modus,  which  will  be   men- 
tioned hereafter.     Its  annual  outgoings  are ; 

/.      s.     J. 
Tenths  (with  acquittance  6c/.)  -  -  142^ 


Procurations  due  to  the  archdeacon  of  Sudbury   at| 
Eafler,  -  -  -  j' 

One  fynodal  due  to  the  bifliop  of  Norwich  at  thei 


8      7-. 


fame  time  (with  acquittance  ^.d.) 


I    14 


Procurations  due  to  the  bifliop  on  his  viiitation  (withi  , 

acquittance  ^.d.)  -  -  jo      3      34 


It 


8  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ.UITIES        [Chap.  K. 

it  WGiikl  be  inipolHble,-  and  pirhaps  tedious,  to  give  a  minute 
and  continued  eGclefiaitical  hiftory  of  a  private  church.  All 
that  is  here  attempted,  isy  -to  arrange  in  chronological  order  fuch 
notices  en  the  fubJevSt  as  the  author  has  been  able  to  collet. 

We  learn  from  Domefday  Book  (which  was  compiled  between 
the  years  1081  and  1086)  that  here  was  a  church  at  that  time: 
a  benefit  which,  from  the  iilence  of  that  record  in  this  particu- 
lar, it  is  probable  feveral  villages  did  not  then  enjoy.  And  that 
this  village  enjoyed  it,  might  perhaps  be  owing  to  the  neigh- 
bouring monaftery  of  St,  Edmund,  which  was  now  grown  to 
great  power  and  w^ealth  ;  for  ail  thefe  religious  foundations  dif- 
fufed,  as  far  as  their  influence  reached,  every  kind  of  civiliza- 
tion. Its  polfeffion  in  land  was  then  30  acres,  to  which,  it  is 
remarkable,  fcarcely  any  addition  has  fince  been  made.  It  has 
been  uninterruptedly  appendant  to  the  principal  manor  from  the 
earlieft  times  of  which  we  have  any  record  to  the  prefent :  for 
in  1272.  the  abbot  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  in  right  of  his  ward- 
Ihip  of  Euftace  Fitz-Thomas,  the  principal  lord  of  the  village, 
let  the  manor,  and  advowfon,  to  William  de  Clifford,  the  king's 
efcheator,  during  the  minority,  in  which  time  the  church  hap- 
pened to  become  vacant,  and  Clifford  prefented  to  it. 

The  church,  as  to  its  prefent  flrudure,  is  of  no  antiquity ; 
nor  are  there  any  documents  of  its  ancient  ftate :  the  defcription 
of  it  therefore  fliall  be  poftponed  to  the  end  of  this  divifion  of 
the  work. 

In  1255,  when  Walter  bifliop  of  Norwich  drew  up,  by  com- 
mand of  the  pope,  the  firft  account  of  the  value  of  all  the 
church  preferments  in  England  (called  from  him  the  Norwich 
taxation)  Ilawlled  was  thus  rated. 

Snayhvell  '  xxij  mrc. Hauftede— xx  mrc  '. 

'  What  Snaylwell  ireans  is  uncertain  ;  it  occurs  regularly  through  the  archdea- 
conries of  Sudbury  and  SiiUblk,  and  fcems  to  imply  a  different  taxation  :  it  was  fol- 
lowed Crtice  atterwards.     llarl.  MSS. 

In 


Chap.  II.]  O     F         H     A     W     S     T     E    D.  9 

In  12  8  I  Cecilia,  the  widoAV  of  William  Talmache,  who  had 
been  of  confequence  enough  to  give  name  to  a  manor  here,  died, 
and  left  her  Ion  William,  and  Gilbert  de  Melton,  chaplain',  her 
executors  ;  the  latter  with  a  legacy  of  hi'ijs.  iiij  d.  In  thefe  early- 
times,  and  indeed  much  later,  ecclefiaftics  had  great  power  over 
mankind  :  for,  exclufive  of  that  fuperiority,  which  the  lettered 
will  always  have  over  the  unlettered,  their  religious  charadler,  as 
well  as  the  laws  in  their  favour,  gave  them  an  opportunity  of  ac- 
quiring a  ftrong  influence  over  the  human  mind.  They  could 
not,  however,  be  executors  of  teftaments  without  the  licence  of 
the  ordinary;  fo  that  in  the  prefent  inftance  a  permiffion  of  that 
fort  muft  have  been  procured.  The  wuU  itfelf  of  Cecilia  is  not 
extant :  but  fome  particulars  of  it,  as  well  as  fome  religious  cuf- 
toms  of  the  time,  may  be  collecSled  from  the  chaplain's  account, 
who  appears  to  have  been  the  adling  executor,  and  the  ilate  of 
whofe  receipts  and  expences,  moil  fairly  written,  is  in  my  pof- 
feflion.     The  following  items  are  taken  in  the  order  they  occur. 

The  offerings  and  dinner  of  a  carter,  and  two  days,  on  Ealler- 
day,  iiij  d.  that  is,  an  od.  each  for  their  offerings,  and  j  d.  each 
for  their  repafl.  The  offerings  made  by  matters  for  their  fer- 
vants  frequently  occur ;  fo  that  it  Ihould  feem  to  have  been  a  cuf- 
tom.  Of  the  daye,  who  was  an  inferior  fervant,  fomething  will 
be  faid  hereafter.  The  allowance  for  a  repalf  was  probably  be- 
caufe  they  were  not  domertics,  and  fo  did  not  partake  of  the  fef- 
tivity  of  the  fealbn  at  the  houfe. 

Wax,  that  is,  wax-candles,  bought  for  the  executors  and  their 
fervants  againft  the  feafl  of  the  purification  of  the  Lady  Mary, 
\ijd.  This  feffival  was  on  the  2d  of  February,  and  celebrated 
with  abundance  of  candles,  both  in  churches  and  proceffions,  in 
memory,  as  is  fuppofed,  of  our  Saviour's  being  on  that  day  de- 
clared, by  old  Simeon,  to  be  "  a  Light  to  lighten  the  Gentiles."  On 
'  A  chaplain  (capeUaniis)  was  the  affillant,  or  curate,  to  the  redor. 

G  this 


10  HISTORY    AND    ANTI  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S        [Chap.  11. 

this  day  were  conlecrated  all  the  tapers  and  candles  which  were 
to  be  ufed  in  the  church  during  the  year.  Hence  it  was  alfo 
called  Candle-mas-day  ;  a  name  ll:ill  familiar  to  us. 

To  the  facrift  of  St.  Mary's  church  at  Bury,  to  pray  for  the 
lady's  foul,  ijd.  One  mafs  celebrated  for  the  foul  of  the  lady, 
and  a  ringing  for  her  foul  at  Hawfted,  iijV.  The  fame  at  Bury, 
iiijd.  The  ringing  of  bells  was  no  inconiiderable  part  of  the 
ceremony  at  ancient  funerals,  and  is  ftill  continued  among  us. 
The  defign  of  it  was,  that  the  hving  might  be  put  in  mind  to 
pray  for  the  foul  of  the  departed.  Old  wills  abound  with  lega- 
cies for  thefe  ringings. 

A  pair  of  flioes  to  a  prieft  for  afTifling  Gilbert  the  chaplain  in 
celebrating  mafs  for  flie  lady's  foul,  ijd.  A  pair  of  flioes,  as 
well  as  of  gloves,  feems  to  have  been  a  common  prefent  of  old. 
In  one  of  archbilhop  Mepham's  conilitutions  in  1328,  where 
inention  is  made  of  thofe  who  obll:ru(n:ed  the  payment  of  tithes^ 
it  is  faid,  "  others  confnme  and  carry  away,  or  caufe  damage  to 
be  done  to  fuch  tithes,  unlefs  gloves  or  fhoes  be  firft  given  or 
promifed  them  '." 

Our  anceftors,  when  they  ordered  religious  fervices  to  be  per- 
formed for  their  fouls,  not  only  left  money,  but  frequently  alfo 
vi(fluals  and  drink,  to  the  performers.  In  a  will  dated  1506  is 
this :  "  Item,  I  will  myn  executor?,  as  fone  as  it  may  come  to 
ther  knowledg  that  I  am  dede,  that  they  make  a  drynkyiig  for  my 
foule  to  the  value  of  vjj-.  viijV.  in  the  church  of  Sporle  *."  In 
1526,  vj".  were  left  for  bread  and  hale  ^o  be  fpent  in  the  porch 
(that  is,  chapel)  of  St.  John,  after  the  Dirige  ^  And  in  1531, 
land  was  tied  by  will  for  brewing  6  bufliels  of  77ialt^  baking  3 
bufliels  of  'wheat ^  and  buying  ijj.  worth  of  cheefe^  annually  on 
the  Monday  in  Eafter  week,  for  the  relief  and  comfort  of  the 

'  Johnfon's  Eccl.  Laws,  1328,  7. 

*  Hift.  Norf.  vol.111,  p.  443. 

^  Hift.  Wcftm.  and  Cumb.  vol.  I.  p.  613. 

pa- 


Chap,  n.]  OF        H     A     W     S     T     E     D.  ii 

parifbioners  of  Garblefliam,  "  there  being  a  dirige,"  fays  the  tcf- 
tator,  *'  on  the  faid  Monday,  to  pray  for  my  foule  '."  Thefe  re- 
pafts  at  funerals,  and  at  other  memorials  for  the  dead,  were  cha- 
ritably defigned,  as  is  exprefled  in  the  laft  extracl:,  for  the  relief 
and  comfort  of  the  poor,  who  were  doubtlefs  expe6ted  to  alTilt 
with  their  prayers  :  it  is  probable,  however,  that  they  often 
ended,  as  many  felfivities  do,  in  a  manner  very  little  akin  to 
the  piety  with  which  they  began.  The  cuftom,  however,  will 
explain  the  reafon  of  the  various  articles  of  food  that  occur 
among  the  following  items,  ranged  under  the  title  of,  "  Monies 
paid  to  divers-  perlbns  for  divers  things  bought  for  the  funeral  of 
the  lady  Cecilia." 

To  Henry  Belcher,  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  for  fifli  and  herrings, 
ixj.  To  Allan  Fouks  for  pikes  ^  and  eels  (piks  et  anguiUis)  xxvj  j-. 
For  cups  and  diflies,  &c.  xivj-.  vijr/.  ob.  To  Thomas  Fitz-Tho- 
mas,  of  Heyham,  for  rabbits,  xij\r.  To  Ralph  le  Smeremonger 
for  meat  (came)  xxj".  To  Adam  le  Seper  Cook  for  poultry  (vo- 
latilibus)  iij  s.  in  part.  To  bailiif  Alexander  de  Walfliam  for 
xvj  ^^^\\:,  iiijj-.  viijV.  To  John  Stowe  for  wine,  xxxiijj.  \]d. 
To  a  baker  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's  for  waftle  bread  to  make  mor- 
terels  ^  (pro  gafteUis  e  Dip  I  is  die  fepulturc  dojnine  pro  morterellis  inde 
faciendis)  \\]d. 

The  bakers  at  Bury  had  i  quarters  and  2  bulliels  of  wheat  de- 
livered them  to  make  bread  for  the  poor  there. 

'  Hift,  Norf.  vol.  I.  p.  i8,>. 

^  This  is  an  inftance  of  this  fi(h  being  in  England  long  before  the  reign  of  Henry 
VIII.  when  it  is  faid  to  have  been  firft  introduced.  The  author  alfo  of  Fleta,  who 
wrote  in  this  reign,  mentions  it;  and  becaufe  the  paflage  is  curious,  I  will  tran- 
fcribe  it :  "  Pifcarias  fuas  quifque  difcretus  Brefmiis  et  Perchiis  faciei  inftaurari ; 
fed  non  de  lupis  aquatkis,  Tenchiis  vel  AnguiUis,  qui  effufionem  Pifcium  nituntur 
devorare."     L.  ii.  c.  73. 

^  A  morterel  was  made  of  waftel  bread  (which  was  one  of  the  better  forts)  and 
milk.  It  was  one  of  the  mefl'es  for  the  poor  people  of  St.  Crofs's  Hofpital  near 
Winchcftcr.     Lowth's  Life  of  Wykeham,  p.  68. 

C    2  To 


iz  HISTORY     AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S        [Chap.  IL 

To  Thomas  Battesford  for  cloth  for  black  coats,  xxxj.  in  part. 
To  Thomas  Fuller  for  white  cloth  for  the  poor,  xvj.  in  part. 
To  John  Camp,  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  furrier,  for  furs  for  the 
black  coats,  viijj.  xjd.  To  John  de  Northfolck  for  mending  the 
cloaths  of  the  poor  people,  mjs.  To  Margery  Ely  for  beer  '  for 
the  burial,  x'lxs.  xjc/. 

The  cloathing  of  the  poor  was  a  judicious  a61:  of  charity,  as  it 
could  not  well  be  abufed.  We  fliould  now,  indeed,  think  that 
a  black  coat  beftowed  on  a  poor  perfon  wanted  not  the  addition  of 
fur  :  fuch  however  was  the  fafliion  of  the  time ;  and  a  fump- 
tuary  law  of  37  Edw.  III.  allows  handicraft  and  yeomen  to  wear 
iio  manner  of  furre  nor  of  bugg,  but  onely  lambe,  coney,  catte, 
and  foxe. 

If  this  comfortable  provifion  was  made  for  the  bodies  of  the 
I^oor,  the  following  charges  iliew  that  no  fmall  coft  was  beftowed 
on  the  lady's  own  perfon.  .  To  the  chandler  (candelario)  of  Bury 
St.  Edmund's  in  part,  ixj".  \]d.  To  John  Sencle  of  the  fame,  for 
wax  and  divers  fpices,  iiij  /.  iiij  s.  ij  d.  To  Alexander  Weftlee  of 
the  fame,  for  fine  linen  and  filk,  and  other  neceffaries  for  attir- 
ing the  lady's  body  (pro  findone  et  ferico  et  aliis  neceJJ'ariis  pro  cor- 
pore  domine  attiliando^)  xxxijj. 

The  chandler  was  the  perfon  who  made  and  applied  the  cere- 
cloth. Elizabeth  Tudor,  fecond  daughter  of  Henry  VII.  was 
cered  by  the  ivax-chandler^.  And  in  a  MS.  ceremonial  of  the 
funeral  of  queen  Mary,  daughter  of  Hen.  Vlll.  in  the  College 
of  Arms,  we  are  told  that  the  officers  of  the  chaundry,  and  the 
clerks  of  the  fpicerVj   came  and  cere-d  the  queen  with  linen  cloth, 

'  It  is  well  known  that  the  art  of  brewing  was  formerly  exercifcd  by  women  ;  as 
it  is  to  this  day  in  Wales.     Sec  Mr.  Barrington  on  the  more  ancient  Statutes,  p.  54. 

*  Du  Cange  has  alti//um  and  attili^mentiim  for  the  attelage,  equipage,  or  har- 
iiois  of  horfes,  and  other  beafts  of  draught,  and  of  fliips.  The  verb  does  not 
occur.     I  know  not  how  to  tranflate  it  better. 

'  Dart's  Weftm.  Abb.  vol.  II.  p.  2  3. 

3  "^vax. 


Chap.  II.]  OF         H     A    W     S     T     E     D.  13 

wax,  and  with  a  number  of  fpices  very  coflly  '.  Thefe  quota- 
tions fufficiently  illuftrate  the  meaning  and  defign  of  the  la<l: 
three  articles.  The  filk  was  probably  deligned  as  an  envelope  for 
the  corpfe  after  it  was  embalmed. 

This  embalming,  when  confidered  as  performed  for  a  private 
perfon,  is  a  Itriking  inftance  of  the  coftly  extravagance  of  fu- 
nerals at  this  time.  The  bills  relative  to  it  (and  one  of  them 
not  fully  paid)  amount  to  vj/.  vs.  \u}d.  Now  this  year,  which 
was  not  a  cheap  one,  the  higheft  price  of  wheat  was  iiijj.  \n]d. 
a  quarter.  Rating  it  therefore  at  the  average  price  of  iiijj".  \}d. 
this  embalming  coft  as  much  money  as  would  purchafe  about 
xxviij  quarters  of  wheat,  which  at  this  time  are  worth  about  Ix  /. 

The  rtipend  to  Sir  ^  Gilbert  de  Melton,  chaplain,  for  celebrat- 
ing maires  for  the  lady's  foul,  from  Eaiter  to  jNIichaelmas,  xxxiij  J", 
iiij^.  This  would  purchafe  juft  200  maffcs,  at  \]d.  each.  A 
mafs  and  a  ringing  was  ujd.  as  we  have  feen  before. 

The  diftrelTes  in  which  Edward  Ill.foon  involved  himfelf  by  his 
foreign  wars,  bring  us  acquainted  with  the  value  of  this  reilory 
at  that  time.  In  the  parliament  which  met  in  March  1340,  the 
prelates,  earls,  barons,  and  knights  of  fl)ires,  granted  the  king 
for  two  years  the  ninth  flieaf,  fleece,  and  lamb.  The  contribu- 
tion which  this  village  Vv'as  to  make,  is  thus  recorded  in  the  Rot. 
None  Garbarum,  S^c.  taken  14  and  15  Edw.  III.  at  Henhow,  near 
Bury,  before  the  abbot  of  Leyflon,  Nic.  de  Lafte,  Roger  de 
Tode,  Phil,  de  Rifby,  Thomas  de  Afshe,  John  Deneyt,  and 
others,  jurors. 

'  Arch^olog.  vol.  III.  p.  401. 

^  This  is  the  only  time  he  has  the  honourable  di(lin£Vion  of  Sir  prefixed  to  his 
name.  It  was  a  title  of  refpefl  aiven  formerly  to  fevcral  perfons  befides  knights: 
as  Sire  Gierke,  Sir  Monk,  Sire  Man  of  Laws,  &c.  in  Chaucer ;  and  lb  frequently 
bellowed  on  priefts,  that  it  has  crept  even  into  afts  of  parliamcat.  Tyrwhiit's 
Gloflary  to  Chaucer. 

They 


14  n  I  S  T  O  R  Y     AND     A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  II. 

They  fay  that  the  church  of  Haiiftede  is  worth  xiiij/,  xiijj". 
injcl.  They  fay  that  the  value  cannot  be  extended  this  year  :  and 
they  fay  that  the  ninth  pait  of  the  flieaves,  fleeces,  and  lambs, 
is  worth  this  year  cxiijj.  n'ijd.  and  no  more,  becaufe  the  redor 
ot  the  church  holds  divers  poffeffions  (tenementa)^  confiiting  of 
lands,  meadows,  paftures,  rents,  with  the  tithe  of  hay,  and 
other  fmall  tithes,  the  great  tithes  and  offerings,  which  are 
worth  yearly  ix/.  as  is  reprefented  by  fix  men  of  the  laid  vil- 
lage, on  their  oaths,  viz.  Robert  Aldred,  Nich.  de  Areford,  Adam 
de  Wrighet,  Walt.  Coo,   Hugh  Raifon,  and  John  Lambard. 

hi  1358,  the  cuftomary  tenents  paid  their  lord  at  Chriftmas 
a  fmall  rent,  called  offering-filver.  Eleven  of  them  paid  in 
all  xviij6^. 

In  3386,  the  Chriftmas-ofterings,  made  by  the  mafter  for  his 
domellics,  were  much  increafed :  for  then  they  were  xiiij  ^.  for 
7  fervants.  And  the  candles  bought  for  them  againft  the  purifi- 
cation of  the  Lady  Mary  coft  \ d. 

hi  1387-9-90,   the  fame  fum  w'as  paid,   and  called  clothing- 
filver.     I  know  not  the  defign  of  this  payment. 

hi  a  deed  of  1399,  niention  is  made  of  a  crofs  in  Pinford 
Street. 

hi  1448,  one  of  the  outgoings  of  the  manor  was,  pro  Rome- 
fcot^   ij  J-. 

From  the  middle  of  this  century  are  preferved  feveral  wills  ' 
made  by  the  inhabitants  of  this  village,  and  which  exhibit  to  us 
feveral  religious  cuftoms  and  modes  of  thinking  that  prevailed  in 
former  times.  From  their  general  tendency,  they  were  evident- 
ly the  manufa6lure  of  ecclefiaftics ;  the  duties  of  w^hofe  oflice 
called  them  to  the  bed-fide  of  the  fick,  who  frequently  (as  is 

'  They  are  lodged  in  the  regiftrar  of  the  archdeaconry  of  Sudbury's  office  at 
Bury:  and  I  am  happy  in  this  opportunity  of  acknowledging  the  liberality  of  Mr. 
Iiham  Dalton,  the  prefent  regiftrar,  in  permitting  me  to  make  fuch  extradls  from 
them  as  I  thought  proper — without  a  fee. 

ufual 


Chap.  II.]  OF         H     A     W     S     T     E     D.  15 

ufual  at  all  times)  deferred  executing  this  folemn  a(fi:  to  that  fea- 
fon,  when  the  mind,  intent  upon  futurity,  was  little  anxious 
abovit  the  difpofition  of  temporal  riches,  except  as  the  means  of 
purchaling  that  happinefs,  which  it  was  thought  they  could  pro- 
cure in  another  ftate.  Even  if  the  fick  man  had  wiflied  to  de- 
cline the  interference  of  a  religious,  he  could  fcarcely  have  done 
it ;  for  his  phyjlcian  was  ordered  by  an  ecclefiaftical  law,  firft 
effe(ftually  to  perfuade  him  to  call  for  the  phyficians  of  the  foul, 
that  when  his  patient  had  taken  fpiritual  cure,  he  might  with 
better  effect  proceed  to  bodily  medicines  :  and  laymen  were  of- 
ten to  be  diiiliaded  from  making  their  wills  without  the  prefence 
of  a  parifli  prieft,  as  they  defired  their  wills  to  be  fulfilled  '. 
Nay,  it  lliould  feem  as  if  the  religious  expected  a  third  (ur  fome 
other  part,  according  to  circumlliances)  of  the  moveables  of 
thofe  that  died  intefl;ate,  and  which  they  ought  to  have  be- 
^queathed  for  pious  purpoles  ''. 

Margery  Muryell  of  Haufted,  widow,  made  her  will  Dec.  12, 
1451  ;  and  her  firrt  bequelt  was  \\]s.  \n]cL  to  the  high  altar  of 
the  parifli  church  there  for  tithes  forgotten.  She  then  bequeath- 
ed xiijj.  \\\]d.  to  the  fabric  of  the  church;  xIj".  to  be  fpent  on 
her  burial  day,  in  vicStuals  and  drink  for  the  poor  and  her  neigh- 
bours ;  V  marcs  to  be  reterved  for  celebrating  her  obfequies,  the 
day  of  her  death,  for  xx  years,  being  \r]s.  i\.\]d.  for  each  anni- 
verfary,  to  be  expended  in  works  of  charity  for  the  health  of 
her  foul,  and  of  thofe  of  her  parents  and  benefactors  deceafed ; 
\]s.  viij^.  towards  the  repairs  of  the  common  way  '  at  Herd  wick; 
and  iijj.  iiij^.  towards  thofe  of  the  king's  common  way  in  Hauf- 
ted,  oppofite  the  tenement  of  Robert  Pyper.  To  her  god- 
daughter (Jilie  Jpiyituali)  Margery  Fuller,  vjj-.  M\\\d.  all  her  beds 

•  Johnfon's  Ecclef.  Laws,  1229 — 1236. 
^  Id.  1261.  15. — 1268.  23. 

^  Such  legacies  were  very  common  in  former  times  before  any  eflfedlual  laws  were 
made  for  the  repairs  of  the  high-ways. 


i6  HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  If. 

and  cloaths,  and  Inch  a  girdle  as  llie  fhouid  choofe.  To  another 
god-daiighter,  a  Iheep.  After  bequeathing  3  more  Iheep  and 
x'ljd.  each  to  3  perfons,  and  half  a  marc  to  a  poor  woman  ;  flie 
appoints  two  executors,  with  a  legacy  of  half  a  marc  to  each  for 
their  trouble  ;  and  directs  them,  that  with  the  confent  and  ad- 
vice of  John  Clopton,  efq,  they  difpofe  of  all  the  relidue  of  her 
goods  and  chattels  in  charitable  works,  for  the  welfare  of  her 
foul,   and  of  thofe  for  whom  flie  was  bound  to  pray. 

In  1452  AHce,  the  widow  of  John  Bokenham,  late  of  Hauf- 
tede,  gentylman,  bequeathed  iijj'.  iiijo'.  to  the  high  altar  of  the 
church  there.  Alfo  v  marcs  to  a  proper  chaplain  to  fay  mafTes 
in  the  faid  church  a  whole  year  for  her  foul,  and  for  that  of  her 
hufband  ;  and  for  th.e  fouls  of  thofe  for  whom  fhe  was  bound  to 
pray.  To  Richard  Borle,  gentylman,  a  black  coat ;  the  fame  to 
his  wife.  To  John  Makeroo,  a  black  coat,  and  one  of  kendal. 
To  Ifabel  Stanton,  her  ferving-maid,  a  black  coat,  one  of  a 
green  colour,  and  two  veils — Jia7nmeola.  The  refidue  of  all 
her  goods  flie  left  to  be  difpofed  of  by  her  executors,  as  they 
fliould  think  proper,  for  the  welfare  of  her  foul,  of  her  huf- 
band's,  and  of  thole  of  all  her  benefadlors.  Proved  at  Forn- 
ham  St.  Martin  ',  Od.  2,  1452. 

In  1480  John  Meryell,  junior,  of  Haufted,  bequeathed  his 
foul  to  God  Almighty,  and  to  our  Lady  Saint  Mary,  and  to  all 
the  holy  company  in  heaven,  and  his  body  to  be  buried  in  the 
holy  fepulchre,  that  is  in  the  cherch  yerd  of  Haurted.  He  left  to 
the  high  altar  there  xij  d.  for  tithes  forgotten  :  and  to  the  friars 
of  Bab  well  to  pray  for  his  foul  a  trental  of  mafles  %  xj".  This 
is  in  Englilh. 

Bab  well 

'  A  village  two  miles  from  Bury.  The  wills  of  this  neighbourhood  were  gene- 
rally proved  in  that  church,  as  the  abbot  of  Bury  would  not  fuffer  the  archdeacon 
of  Sudbury,  or  his  deputies,  to  exercife  any  afl  of  authority  within  the  town. 

*  A  trental  of  mades  was,  as  its  name  implies,  thirty  mafles,  perfor/ncd  either 

one 


ChaplL]  O    F        H    A    W    S    T    E     D.  17 

Bab-ivell  \\"as  about  one  mile  out  of  the  north  gate  of  Bury. 
Some  ruins  of  it  Hill  remain  ;  and  a  houfe  built  within  its  pre- 
cinifls  retains  the  name  of  the  Friary.  Thefe  friars  were  firit 
fettled  near  the  abbey,  but  difplaced  by  the  monks,  who  every 
where  held  them  in  abhorrence.  They  were,  how'ever,  great 
favourites  m  ith  the  people  in  general ;  for  in  turning  over  a 
multitude  of  wills,  1  obferve  they  had  frequent  legacies  left  them. 
And  in  one  of  the  accounts  of  the  bailiff  of  this  manor,  in  the 
time  of  Richard  II.  there  is  the  payment  of  a  carter  for  fetching 
tiles  for  them  from  Sudbury,  which  was  i  8  miles  from  their  houfe. 
They  affiled  the  lick  (fays  Sir  William  Dugdale')  in  making  their 
teitaments  ;   which  accounts  for  their  appearing  fo  often  in  them. 

Robert  Parker  of  Hawfted,  in  1492,  bequeathed  his  foul  to 
Almighty  God,  &:c.  and  his  body  to  be  buried  in  the  holy  fepul- 
ture  ;  and  to  the  high  auter  in  the  cherche,  in  recompence  of  his 
dewes  too  little  paid,  and  for  the  helthe  of  his  foul,  ijj-.  v\d.  To 
Margaret  his  wife  all  his  hoftiliaments  ",  utenfelys,  and  jowellys  % 
to  his  houfe  pertaining. 

His  fon  Henry  Parker  foon  afterwards  ordered  a  prieft  to  fing 
for  his  foul  a  year  after  his  deceafe  :  a  quarter  in  each  of  the 
two  years  next  following,  and  half  a  year  in  the  third. 

In  1493,  Roger  Drury  of  Hawfted,  Efq.  being  in  hole  mende, 
antl  bclevyng  as  God  and  the  church  wuld  he  fhuld,  made  his 
teftament.  Such  a  profeffion  of  orthodoxy  w^as  not  very  com- 
mon :  but  fome  of  the  enemies  of  Lollardifm  might  think  it 
neceifary,  or  decent,  to  profefs  in  their  wills  the  fteadinefs  of  their 
faith,  cfpecially  in  this  reign,  which  was  particularly  unfriend- 
one  a  day  for  30  days  together,  immediately  after  the  burial ;  or  all  together  on 
the  30th  day.  When  the  teftator  was  fo  poor  that  he  could  not  afford  a  whole 
trcnral,  he  fometimcs  ordered  half  a  one.  Thirty  feems  to  have  been  a  favourite 
number  in  thefe  porthumous  ceremonies.  The  thirtieth  day,  or  month's  mind, 
frequently  occurs  in  antient  wills. 
'   Warwlckfliire,  p.  ii;. 

^  hhjVdlamenls,   mean  ^tuff  of  Houfehcld,  as   it  is   exprcffed   in   the  wills  of  Sir 
Roger  and  Sir  William  Drurv,  that  will  be  recited  hereafter. 
■'  jcc.ilia  I  any  vaKiable  furniture,  or  utenfils. 

D  ly 


i8  HISTORY    AND     ANTIQ^UITIES         [Chap.  II. 

ly  to  the  dodrines  of  Wickliff.  Ke  left  c  marcs  to  maintain  a 
fcholar  of  divinity  at  Cambridge  for  x  years,  who  was-to  preach 
once  a  year  at  Bury,  and  once  at  Hawfted.  But  if  he  decUned 
preaching,  he  was  to  have  but  vij  marcs  yearly.  He  had  a  well- 
furnilhcd  chapel  in  his  houfe,  as  will  farther  appear  by  his  will, 
which  will  be  ffiven  at  lenoth. 

In  1503  Johanne  Cowper,  late  wife  of  William  Cowper  of 
Hawfted,  among  other  legacies  bequeathed  to  her  fon  John  one 
"  acre  of  land  errabyll,  lying  at  Wynefmere  Hill,  under  the 
*'  condycion  that  he  fynde  a  lampe  before  the  roode  in  the 
*'  cherchc  of  Hawfted,  with  the  rent  thereof  as  long  as  he  leve. 
"  — and  yff  it  may  be  re  ...  .  red,  then  I  wyll  that  the  forefeyd 
"  John  Cowper  fynde  it,  or  ellys  it  to  be  fonde  as  long  as  the 
"  woi-lde  ftonde." 

Wifer  people  than  Johanne  Cowper  could  not,  at  that  time, 
forefee  for  how  few  years  their  pious  legacies  would  be  applied  to 
the  purpofes  for  which  they  were  left.  This  piece,  25  Henry  VIII. 
was  in  her  fon  Thomas,  who  then  enfeoffed  Robert  Drury,  Efq. 
and  feveral  others  in  it,  without  declaring  the  ufes  to  which  it  was 
to  be  applied.  It  was  then  called  Lanip-iond,  a  name  it  retains  to 
this  day,  and  belongs  to  the  parilh.  The  rood  before  which  this 
lamp  was  to  hang,  was  the  reprefentation  of  our  Saviour  on  the 
Crofs,  with  the  Virgin  Mary  on  one  fide,  and  St.  John  on  the  other, 
placed  on  the  top  of  that  wooden  fcreen  of  Gothic  work  which  ftill 
divides  the  church  and  the  chancel.  This  fcreen,  from  the  life 
above-mentioned,  was  often  called  the  Rood-lojt ;  and  from  its 
being  latticed,  or  cancellated,  gave  name  to  the  chancel. 

The  revenues  left  for  the  lupport  of  lamps  and  candles  rauft 
have  been  of  confiderable  profit  to  the  church.  Not  only  the 
images  of  faints  had  lights  burning  before  them,  but  the  graves 
of  thofe  who  could  afford  it  were  befet  with  them,  either  occa- 
lionally,  or  conftantly.  The  dirty  vapours  iifuing  from  thefe 
lights  begrimed  the  very  obje^Sfs  they  were  dcfigned  to  embellilli ; 
< — fxda  nigro  fimiilacbra  fiimo.  Whoever  has  been  in  Roman 
3  Catholic 


Chap.  II.j  O    F        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  19 

;Gatholic  countries  mufl  have  obferved  this  efFedV,  particularly  in 
the  fmall  chapels  :  nor  are  the  fumes  produced  by  the  flames  of 
fo  many  undluous  bodies  either  agreeable  or  wholefome  :  though 
this  is  a  little  remedied  by  the  incenfe-pots  that  are  toffed  about, 
during  fome  parts  of  divine  fervice. 

In  1506  William  Wyffin  the  older  willed,  that  an  honed 
preft  fliould  fynge  for  his  fowle,  and  all  his  good  frends  Ibwles 
in  the  chirche  of  Halftede,  be  an  hole  yere,  takyng  for  hys  fty- 
pend  as  his  executors  and  he  fliould  agree.  Item,  he  beqwethed 
to  the  fryers  of  Babwell  to  pray  for  his  fowle,  iijj^.  iiijV. 

William  Clark  of  Havvfted  in  15 12. —  Item,  I  will  that  they 
doo  for  me  and  my  friends  xx/.  at  my  buriall  dale  and  yeerdaie. 

Robert  Legat,  who  died  in  1526,  is  the  only  teftator  who 
bequeathed  nothing  to  pious  ufes,  though  he  left  his  two  daugh- 
ters XX  J",  each.  And  this  is  the  more  remarkable,  as  the  Refor- 
mation was  but  now  beginning  to  dawn.  Soon  after,  indeed, 
religion  was  fo  unfettled,  that  teftators  were  often  afraid  of  leav- 
ing any  pious  legacy ;  and  when  they  did,  the  more  cautious 
ones  frequently  fubjoined  the  condition,  "  if  the  laws  would  let 
*'  it  ftand  good." 

In   1528,  Robert  Wefyn    of    Halfted. — The  refidue  of  my' 
goods  not  wylled,  I  wyll  that  my  wyffb  have  them  to  bryng  me 
honeftly  to  the  erthe,  and  in  dedes  of  charite. 

The  fame  year  William  Wyffin.— Iteni,  I  w^ill  that  the  xxvjj-. 
xiijd.  that  my  fone  Robert  ows  unto  me,  I  wyll  that  a  preft  fliall 
have  it  for  to  fynge  a  quarter  for  me  and  hym  in  the  chyrche  of 
Halfted. 

In  1533  Alen  Legett,  who  feems  to  have  had  confiderable 
property  here,  among  other  things  a  hoi^fe  called  Mcrei/es,  left 
iij  s.  iiij  d.  to  the  high  altar,  and  legacies  to  his  children  ;  and  if 
they  fliould  die  without  lawful  ifllie,  "  than  1  woU  that  yt  be 
*'  towlde  (tolled,  or  rung)  and  don  for  me  and  my  wifFe,  and  all 

D  2  *'  Ghriften 


20  HISTORY     AND     ANTlQ^UlTlES         [Chap.  IT. 

'*  Chiirten  fowles  in  dedys  of  charyte,  and  to  the  fcherche,  and 
"  of  heyweys,  and  to  pore  peple."  He  bequeaths  alfo  to  the  re- 
paration of  the  church  x\s.  "  and  the  feyd  Alen  Legett  hatli  ge- 

vine  up  all  ... .  and  tytyl in  the  Church e-hoKjfe  of  Haw- 

llede,  otherwiffe  callid  the  Gylde  Hall,  in  the  hands  of  John 
Macrowe  and  Thomas  Wyffine,  to  the  ule  of  the  towne."  Wil- 
liam Eglyn,  the  parfon,  was  one  of  the  witneffes ;  the  canon 
law  requiring,  that  the  parifh  priert,  or  the  proper  curate,  if  it 
conveniently  might  be,  fliould  be  one  of  the  witneffes  to  a 
will. 

The  church-houje  (as  it  is  ftill  called)  or  Guild-hall,  is  clofe  to 
the  church-yard,  and  continues  the  property  of  the  parilh,  being 
within  a  few  years  convened  to  a  work-houfe. 

A  guild-hall  (a  name  ftill  familiar  to  us)  was  a  rooin  w^here  a 
fociety,  or  brotherhood,  met.  Thefe  focieties  w^ere  formed  for 
the  advancement  of  charity,  religion,  or  trade,  and  called  gilds, 
or  guilds,  from  a  Saxon  word,  fignifying  money,  becaufe  every 
member  contributed  fome  money  towards  the  fupport  of  the  bro- 
therhood to  which  he  belonged. 

The  little  Parochial  Guilds  were  fometimes  fo  poor,  that  they 
could  not  afford  to  have  a  room  of  their  own,  but  met  at  the 
members'  houfes.  In  general,  however,  they  were  in  a  better 
condition,  and  poffeffed  or  hired  a  houfe  near  the  church,  which 
was  called  the  Guild-hall,  or  Church-houfe.  This  fituation  was 
convenient  for  them,  as  their  bufinefs  was  to  pray  as  well  as  eat. 
They  confifted  of  an  alderman,  brethren  and  fitters :  the  parfon 
of  the  parifli,  and  the  principal  perfons  of  the  neighbourhood, 
were  generally  members.  They  had  lands,  received  legacies, 
Stc  :  they  frequently  met ;  but  their  grand  affembly  was  on  the 
day  of  their  patron  faint,  when  they  went  to  church,  and  offered 
up  their  prayers  at  his  altar  for  all  the  members  of  the  fociety, 
both  living  and  dead.     From  this  faint  they  took  their  diftindliion, 

as 


Chap.  II.]  OF         H     A     W     S     T     E     D,  21 

as  St.  Thomas's  guild,  St.  John's  guild,  Sec.  They  beilowed  an- 
nual falaries  upon  the  poor,  received  travelling  ftrangers,  and  did 
other  a6ts  of  charity,  as  far  as  their  revenues  allowed.  Their 
meetings  were  crowned  by  a  dinner,  and  ended  frequently  in  a 
manner  not  very  conliftent  with  their  beginning. 

Of  thefe  guilds  Mr.  Blomefield  in  particular,  in  his  Hiftory  of 
Norfolk,  has  preferved  many  records,  which  Tnew  the  defign  of 
their  inftitution,  and  exhibit  a  lively  picture  of  ancient  manners. 
Of  that  in  queftion  I  find  no  memorial,  except  on  a  perilhing 
fragment  of  paper  in  the  church  cheft,  dated  15  Apr.  1637. 

Certayne  goods  in  the  Gilde  Hale. 

Imprimis,   6  plaunkes  for  3  tables,  with  treflcls  that  they 

ly  on,   and  2  formes. 
Item,    1  large  fpits. 

Thefe  were  doubtlefs  the  wreck  of  the  former  furniture,  and 
were  ufed,  as  tradition  reports,  befides  at  the  meetings  of  the 
brotherhood,  at  the  celebration  of  the  nuptials  of  the  poor  peo- 
ple, who  fometimes  here  held  their  wedding  feaft,  which  was 
occafionally  honoured  by  the  prefence  of  the  principal  perfons 
of  the  village,  who,  from  a  gallery  at  the  end  of  the  large 
room,  took  a  view  of  the  ruftic  merriment  on  the  unpaved  floor 
below. 

From  thefe  ancient  guilds  are  derived  our  modern  clubs ^  which, 
in  fome  of  the  diftant  parts  of  the  kingdom,  where  manners  are 
flow  in  changing,  11:111  retain  very  flrong  marks  of  their  origin. 
Of  this  I  have  a  curious  inflance  now  before  me  in  the  "  Rules 
"  and  orders  agreed  on  by  the  Good-Intent  Society,  meeting  at  the 
*'  houfe  of  Richard  Treeve,   inn-keeper,  in   Sennen  '   Church 

'  Sennen  is  that  extremity  of  Cornwallj  which  is  commonly  called  the  Land's 
End, 

"  Town,. 


ii  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQJJITIE3         [Chap.  11. 

"  Town,  in  the  county  of  Cornwall,  begun  the  2d  day  of  May 
"  1778."  From  a  copy  of  thefe,  with  which  the  landlord  him- 
felf  prefented  me  in  1779,  I  fliall  fele6t  a  few  particulars,  which 
have  fuch  an  air  of  ancient  piety  and  rude  fimplicity,  that  they 
might  well  pafs  for  the  ordinances  of  a  guild  3  or  4  centu- 
ries ago. 

The  grand  objefl  of  the  fociety  is  by  a  monthly  contribution 
of  IS,  by  every  member,  to  provide  for  fuch  of  the  body  as  lliall 
be  fick  or  infirm. 

*'  If  any  member  fliall  be  afflided  with  the  venereal  difeafe  or 
"  itch^  or  Ihall  receive  any  hurt  by  2XX.&x\0i\.\\^  f muggier s ^  officers^ 
"  bailiffs^  or  through  dnmkennefSy  quarrelling^  or  any  other  thing 
"  of  his  own  feeking,  he  lliall  receive  no  benefit  for  fuch  mis- 
*'  fortune  from  the  club. 

"  Every  member  is  to  attend  the  funeral  (the  expence  of  which 
"  is  not  to  exceed  3  pounds)  of  a  deceafed  member;  and  is  to 
**  meet  an  hour  before  the  time  appointed  for  the  funeral,  to  at- 
"  tend  the  corpfe  to  church  and  interment^  then  return  to  the  club' 
"  roo?n^  andfpend  two-pence  each  member,  then  depart  the  room 
**  on  forfeiture  of  three-pence. 

"  No  bailiff,  bailiff's  follower,  foldier,  major's  ferjeant,  or  ap- 
*'  paritor  of  the  fpiritual  court,   fliall  be  admitted  a  member. 

**  If  any  member  appear  in  the  club-room  dij'guifed  in  liquor 
**  he  fliall  forfeit  fix-pence. 

'*  If  on  any  extraordinary  occafion  the  flewards  fliall  fummon 
"  all  the  fociety  together,  each  member  fhall  then,  and  at  all 
*'  other  times,  expend  for  his  club  two-pence. 

"  If  -Txnj  mtmbQr  JJjall profanely  curfe  or  fwear,  he  fliall  for- 
♦<  feit  fix-pence  for  each  offence  therein.  If  any  member  fhall 
"  brawl,  fing  fongs,  or  refufe  to  keep  filence  at  the  fteward's 
*'  command,  he  fliall  forfeit  four-pence.  If  any  member  fhall 
*'^  give  fcurrilous  a}id  abujive  language  to  any  other  member,  he 

"  fliall 


Chap.  II.]  O     F        H    A     VV     S    T    E    D.  13 

*'  Ihall  forfeit  fix-pence.  If  any  member  fliall  Jlrike  another 
"  member  in  the  club-room  in  club  hovirs,  he  fliall  forfeit  five 
*'  fliillings,  or  be  excluded.  If  any  member  fliall  be  guilty  of 
"  tbeft^  he  fliall  be  immediately  excluded  :  or  if  any  member 
*'  fliall  live  a  fcandahus  and  bafe  manner  of  life,  he  fliall  be 
*<  excluded. 

"  The  fociety  fliall  have  an  annual  feaft  ox\  25  June  (except 
<*  it  happens  on  a  Sunday,  and  then  on  the  day  following)  at  the 
"  houfe  of  the  faid  John  Treeve,  where  every  member  fliall 
*'  meet  at  9  o'clock  in  the  forenoon,  and  then  proceed  in  an  or- 
"  derly  manner  to  the  parijh  church  of  Sennen  to  hear  a  fermon, 
**  preached  by  the  minifi:er,  who  fliall  be  allowed  half  a  guinea 
"  for  the  fame ;  then  return  in  the  fame  manner  to  the  club- 
"  houfe,  where  a  dinner  is  to  be  provided  at  one  fliilling  a  head : 
"  the  expence  of  the  whole  day,  including  dinner,  is  not  to  ex- 
"  ceed  one  fliilling  and  fix-pence. 

*'  No  womayi  to  be  admitted  a  member  of  the  fociety,  nor  /hall 
^^  come  into  th.Q  room  in  club-hours,  the  miflirefs  or  the  maid  of 
"  the  houfe  excepted,  or  to  pay  for  an  abfent  member,  and  to 
"  depart  in  a  quarter  of  an  hour:  and  //  they  abiife  any  member  ^ 
"  the  perfon  who  was  the  caufe  of  their  coming  fliall  forfeit 
*'  three-penoi." 

It  would  be  curious  to  contraft  with  the  above  fome  extrails 
from  the  code  of  laws,  by  which  fome  of  the  clubs  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  St.  James's  are  regulated. 

In  1536,  Henry  VIII.  caufed  a  valuation  of  all  ecclefiaflical 
preferments  in  England  to  be  made.  This  redory  was  then  rated 
at  xj/.  xvjj-.  x^.  ob.  its  prefent  valuation  in  the  king's  books. 
About  the  fame  time  a  comApofition  probably  took  place  between  . 
the  patron  and  the  re6tor  for  the  tithes  of  the  park,  which  was 
enclofed  in  this  reign.  In  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  the  payment 
was  a  buck  and  doe,  in  lieu  of  tithes  for  the  demefne  lands.  Af- 
4  terwards 


n  HISTORY    AND     ANTI  Q^U  I  TIES        [Chap.  11. 

teruards  vijV.  u  year,  under  the  name  of  a  modus.  Since  the 
park  has  been  converted  into  a  farm,  fo  much  of  it  has  been 
broken  up,  that  vij/.  a  year  becomes  nearly  an  adequate  compo- 
fition  for  the  tithes  of  the  remaining  paftures,  for  which  only, 
and  not  for  the  demefne  lands  in  general,  the  modus  has,  for 
this  lait  century,  been  underftood  to  be  paid.  To  anfwer  a  pri- 
vate purpofe,  the  mention  of  this  modus  was  omitted  in  the  ter- 
rier made  about  60  years  ago,  and  preferved  in  the  church  cheft. 
It  was  however  acknowledged  by  my  predeceiTor ;  and  will,  I 
truft,  be  never  thought  an  obje(5l  worth  difputing. 

Alice  Semar,  widow,  of  the  town  of  Hawfted,  in  1552,  be- 
queathed to  her  lifter  Anas,  xlj-.  of  lawful  money  of  England, 
and  her  beft  gown  and  beft  kirtle  '.  To  Cecily,  the  faid  lifter's 
daughter,  a  red  petticoat.  To  Hawfted  church,  to  the  building 
of  the  roof,  x  j".  To  eleven  poor  houfeholders  in  Hawfted,  which 
fhe  named  to  the  re6tor  thereof,  yds.  To  John  Baker's  daugh- 
ter, god -child  to  her  hufband,  xijV,  Alio  t.o  Sir  William  Sebot- 
fon^  par/on  of  Hawfted,  her  curat,  xxd.  Witneffes,  William  Se- 
botfon,   and  John  Macrow,   of  Hawfted. 

Proved  in  the  church  of  Fornham  St.  Martin  before  Thomas 
Syraonds,  clerk,  commifTary  and  official  within  the  archdeaconry 
of  Sudbury,  17  061.  1552. 

Rofe  Sparke,  of  the  townfliip  of  Haulfted,  widow,  in  1553 
directed  her  executors  to  beftow  at  her  xxx""  day  '  xxj.  with  mafs 
and  dirige  :  and  that  poor  people  lliould  have  other  xx  j".  among 
them  fhortly  after  her  xxx'"  day.  She  bequeathed  to  Rofe 
Sparke,   her  fon  Rauf's   daughter,   a  bullock,   a  brafs  pot,  and 

'  The  kirtle  was  the  garment  under  the  mantle.  The  latter  was  a  loofe  cloak 
faftened  at  the  neck  or  breaft.  Even  our  beft  lexicographer  has  called  them  both 
upper  garments.  The  difference  is  well  afcertained  by  Sandford,  in  his  Geneal. 
Hid.  p.  322. 

*  Called,  month's  day,  in  the  will  of  Margaret  countefs  of  Richmond.  Elfe- 
where,  moni/ys  miml. 

her 


Chap.  II.]  OFHAWSTED.  25 

her  fecond  gown.  To  Roger  Cowper,  her  godfon,  ijj".  To  Ro- 
bert Sparke,  her  fon,  her  beft  feather-bed,  with  all  thereto  be- 
longing. To  young  John  Sparke,  hergrandfon,  her  fecond  bell 
feather-bed,  with  all  thereto  belonging.  To  Audrey,  Agnes,  and 
Robert  Sparke,  her  grand-children,  a  cow  amongft  them.  To 
her  fon  John  her  buffed  /tool '.  To  Rauf  her  fon's  wife,  her 
beft  kirtle.  To  her  fifter  Anne,  her  round  gown.  To  John 
Sparke's  wife,  her  beft  hook  %  To  a  grand-daughter,  her  fecond 
hook.  She  made  her  fon  Robert  executor,  and  Thomas  Cowper 
to  be  to  hym  a  guide  and  a  helper,  and  to  fee  her  will  fulfilled. 
Witnefs,  William  Sebotfon,  her  curate,  Rauf  Sparke,^  Edmund 
Randall. 

Gyles  Wyfhn  of  Hawfted,  hufbandman,  being  of  whole 
mynde  and  perfect  remembrance,  for  which  he  thanked  Almigh- 
ty God,  made  his  laft  will  in  1554,  and  dire6ted  the  charges  of 
his  funeral  to  be  done  honeftly  by  the  diredlion  of  his  executors. 
He  bequeathed  to  the  high  altar,  for  his  tithes  forgotten  and  neg- 
ligently paid,  iijj.  \\\]d.  After  leaving  his  principal  property  to 
his  wife  and  children,  he  adds  :  Item,  I  give  to  Alice  Stuarde, 
my  god-daughter,  to  the  preferment  of  her  marriage,  vjj-.  viijc/. 
And  to  Elen  Stuarde,  her  fifter,  a  yearling  calfe  for  a  remem- 
brance. The  refidue  of  my  goods,  cattels,  with  all  my  ftuff  of 
houfeholde  and  utenfells,  I  give  wholly  to  Elyn  my  wife,  to 
bring  me  honeftly  to  the  yerthe,  and  paying  my  detts.  And  I 
will  alfo,  and  charge  my  faid  wife,  that  flie  kepe,  or  caufe  to  be 
kept,  a  yearly  obyt  for  my  fowle,  by  the  fpace  of  three  years 
next  after  my  deceafe,  expending  yearly  for  the  fame  vj.     And 

'  A  buffed  ftool  is  an  oval  wooden  flool  without  a  back.  A  hole  is  generally 
cue  in  the  feat  for  the  convenience  ot  taking  it  up.  Common  in  country- houles. 
Ufed  alfo  to  fet  a  child's  coffin  upon  in  church. 

"^  The  hook,  worn  at  the  bottom  of  the  ftays,  is  flill  in  ufe,  to  regulate  the  fit- 
ting of  the  apron. 

E  I  niake 


26  HISTORY    AND     ANTIQ.UITIES         [Chap.  IT,. 

I  make  and  ordayne  executors  the  fame  Elyn  my  wife,  and  Mar- 
ten Gyllye;  and  Edmund  my  fon  to  be  fupravifor  ;  and  I  give  to 
every  of  them  for  tlieir  labour  and  paynes  iij  J",  iiiji^.  Thefe  be- 
ing wytnefs,  Sir  William  Eglyn,  derke,  William  Adams,  Henry 
Wyxe,  Thomas  Rutlecke,  and  Edmund  Matyward,  with  other*. 
And  in  further  wytnefs  hereunto  I  have  put  my  feale. 

Thomas  Green  of  1,'awfted,  hufbandman,  in  April  1555?  be- 
queathed his  foul  to  Almighty  God,  and  all  the  company  in  hea- 
ven, without  one  religious  legacy. 

John  Macrow,  of  the  townihip  of  Hawfted,  hufbandman,  in 
Augulli5  57,  bequeathed  his  foul  to  Almighty  God,  and  to  his 
blelTed  Mother,  our  Lady  Saint  Mary,  and  to  ail  the  company  in 
heaven.  He  gave  to  the  high  altar,  for  his  tithes  and  oblations 
forgotten,  x\]d.  He  had  property  at  Hawfted,  Great  Welnetham 
and  Bury  ;  at  which  latter  he  gave  his  houfe  and  yard  to  Robert 
his  fon.  His  witVs  name  was  Alice,  to  whom,  among  other 
things,  he  gave  one  of  his  beft  pots,  the  bed  he  lay  on  at  that 
time,  and  a  chyft  with  all  that  was  in  it,  except  a  payre  of  beades 
that  was  his  firft  wife's,  and  which  he  gave  to  Anne,  his  daugh- 
ter. He  has  no  particular  reiigious  bequeft,  faying  only  at  laft, 
"  the  relidew  of  my  goods  not  gyven  or  beqaethed,  I  put  them. 
"  to  the  difpoficion  of  mine  executors."  William  Sebotfon,  par- 
ion  of  Hawfted,   was  one  of  the  witnefles. 

A  pair  of  beads  mentioned  above  was  a  fet  of  ftrung  beads 
which  our  anceilors  ufed  as  a  mechanical  help  to  afcertain  the 
number  of  their  prayers.  They  had  their  name  from  a  Saxoa 
word,  which  lignifies  to  pray.  Sometimes  they  were  called  a 
j)air  of  Pater-nofters.  A  pair,  or  fet,  confifted  of  various  nvmi- 
bers  of  pieces  from  30  to  70,  and  perhaps  more;  befides  that, 
every  tenth  was  fucceeded  by  one  larger  and  more  embelliQied 
than  the  reft  ;   thefe  larger  ones  were  called  gatides.     So  Eleanor, 

duchefs 


Chap.  II.]  O    F        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  ^^ 

duchefs  of  Gloucefler,  who  died  in  1399,  bequeathed  a  pair  of 
Pater-nofters  of  50  pieces  of  coral,  with  5  gaudes  of  gold  ' ;  an- 
other pair  of  30  pieces,  with  4.  gaudes  of  jet;  a  gaude  begin- 
ning and  finilliing  the  fet.     So  Chaucer, 

Of  fmall  coral  about  her  arm  flie  bare 
A  pair  of  bedis,  gaudid  all  with  green. 

They  were  alfo  frequently  worn  dependant  from  the  girdle,  as 
may  be  feen  in  fome  old  portraits,  and  in  monumental  fculptures ; 
of  the  latter  I  have  fac-fimiles,  which  diltindlly  fliew  the  gaudes. 
Even  the  girdle  itfelf,  when  ftudded,  feems  anciently  to  have 
ferved  for  a  pair  of  beads  ;  as  I  have  been  informed  fbme  fin- 
ger-rings have  done  when  fet  round  with  ftones.  The  gaudes 
were  for  Pater-nofters,  the  common  beads  for  Ave  Maries. 

Thefe  devotional  trinkets  were  often  blefled  by  the  pope,  and 
as  fuch  were  forbidden  to  be  brought  into  the  realm,  1 3  Eliza- 
beth \  Some  of  them  are  ftill  preferved  in  the  cabinets  of  the 
curious  :  they  are  of  various  materials  and  workmanfliip ;  fome 
are  extremely  valuable ;  particularly  a  fet  belonging  to  the 
duchefs  dowager  of  Portland,  who  poffeffes  an  immenfe  colle6lion 
of  curiofities  both  natural  and  artificial,  with  an  intelligence  ex- 
celled by  none.  It  confifts  of  32  pieces,  which  are  plum-ftones 
about  half  an  inch  long,  on  which  are  exquifitely  carved  the 
heads  of  Roman  emperors,  heathen  deities,  &c.  from  antiques. 
The  loweft  reprefents  the  buft  of  a  pope,  on  whofe  cope  are  the 
figures  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul,  executed  with  fuch  minutenefs 
and  delicacy  as  to  require  and  well  bear  a  glafs.  This  pope  is 
fuppofed  to  be  Clement  VII.  to  whom  thefe  beads  are  faid  to 
have  belonged,  and  which  are  judged  to  have  been  the  work  of 
Benvenuto  Cellini. 

'  Royal  Wills,  p.  180,  182. 

*  Johnfon's  Ecclef.  Laws,  816,  10. 

E   a  Sir 


28  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S        [Chap.  IL 

Sir  William  Drury,  in  Dec.  1557,  bequeathed  his  foul  to  Al- 
mighty God,  our  Lady  Saint  Mary,  and  to  all  the  holy  compa- 
ny of  heaven ;  and  his  body  to  be  buried  in  the  church  of 
Hawfted,  after  and  according  to  his  degree,  by  the  direction  of 
his  executors. 

It  is  needlefs  to  give  any  more  extracts  from  wills,  as  thofe 
already  adduced  fufficiently  delineate  the  manners  of  the  times, 
as  far  as  they  can  be  collected  from  thefe  dociiments  :  and  as  ths 
reformation  of  religion,  which  was  foon  to  be  confirmed,  oblite- 
rated their  leading  charafler,  and  threw  them  much  into  that 
caft  in  which  they  at  jorefent  appear. 

In  perufing  the  above  wills,  the  circumftance  that  mull  firft 
ftrike,  is  the  abundant  piety  that  pervades  almoft  every  one  of 
them.  They  generally  begin  with  a  legacy  to  the  high  altai:, 
and  conclude  with  leaving  the  refidue  to  be  difpofed  of  in  works 
of  charity,  according  to  the  difcretion  of  the  executors.  With 
regard  to  the  kind  offices  that  vv'ere  to  be  performed  for  the  fouls 
of  the  deceafcd,  the  teftators  feem  to  have  fliewn  as  great  a  va- 
riety of  fancy,  as  they  could  have  done  in  their  drefs,  or  the  fur- 
iiirure  of  their  houfcs  ;  fcarcely  any  two  agreeing  in  the  fame 
mode  of  thefe  religious  fervices.  That  thev  lliould  be  extreme- 
ly  felicitous  about  their  performance  cannot  be  wondered  at,  when 
we  conllder  of  how  great  value  they  were  taught  to  believe  them. 
The  lalvation  of  the  foul  was  thought  to  depend  upon  them. 
And  even  if  fome  of  better  underftanding  had  harboured  feme 
doubts  about  their  efficacy  ;  ftill  the  expedfation  of  being  barely 
remembered  after  death,  is  fo  foothintr  and  flattering  to  the  hu- 
man  mind,  that  we  Cannot  be  furprized  at  the  care  and  expence 
bcftowed  upon  thefe  poflhumous  attentions.  We  ffiould  there- 
fore be  referved  in  our  cenfures  on  this  cullom  of  our  anceftors  : 
if  we  cannot  but  pity  their  too  eafy  faith  in  believing  that  the 
prayers  of  the  living  could  benefit  the  fouls  of  the  dead,  ftill 

however 


Chap.  II.]  O    F        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  29 

however  we  muft  allow  that  they  gratified  one  of  the  fondeft 
wifhes  of  the  heart  of  man,  that  of  furviving,  as  long  as  we 
can,  in  the  memory  of  others.  With  this  view,  we  ftill  eredt 
to  our  departed  friends  the  monument  in  the  church,  or  the  ftill 
more  pcrifliable  memorial  in  the  church-yard,  in  hopes  that  our 
furvivors  will  beitow  the  fame  upon  us  :  and  the  ancient  month's 
mind,  when  diverted  of  all  fuperftition,  and  the  modern  mourn- 
ing-ring,  both  fpeak  the  fame  language. 

Befides,  though  prayers  for  the  dead  could  do  them  no  fervice, 
they  might  ftill  be  ufeful  to  the  living.  For  the  perfon  wha 
prays  with  earneftnefs  and  devotion  for  another,  muft  necefiarily 
reduce  his  mind  to  fuch  a  ferious  and  collecSled  ftate,  as  muft  be 
very  favourable  to  his  ov/n  fpiritual  welfare ;  fo  much  truth  i'-- 
there  in  the  old  rhyming  diftich  ; 

Qui  pro   alio  orat. 
Pro  fe  laborat. 

It  is  far  from  ray  intention  to  become  tlie  apologift  for  prayers, 
for  the  deceafed  :  1  would  only  fet  them  in  tlieir  proper  light. 
The  unprejudiced  part  of  mankind  have  no  doubts  of  their  in- 
efficacy  to  the  purjiofe  defigned.  They  were  often  performed 
(if  v.e  may  judge  from  what  may  now  be  obferved  in  Catholic 
countries)  in  a  manner  very  far  from  devout ;  and  money  was 
frequently  left  for  them,  which  ought  to  have  defcended  to  no- 
ceflitous  relations. 

The  thanking  the  Almighty  for  the  bleffing  of  a  found  un- 
derftanding,  when  a  man  was  about  to  perform  one  of  the  moft 
ferious  ads  of  his  life,  was  furely  not  an  ill-timed  gratitude.  Not 
lefs  proper  feems  to  have  been  the  commendation  of  the  foul  to 
thofe  powers,  who  were  fuppofed  to  be  the  guardians  and  patrons 
of  human  happinefs,  when  a  deed  was  to  be  executed,  which 
was  to  take  effect  immediately  upon  the  feparation  of  that  foul 

fronM 


;o  HISTORY    AND     A  N  T  I  QJJ  1  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  Tl 

from  the  body  :  an  event  of  the  utmoft  importance  to  man,  and 
which  generally  was  likely  foon  to  take  place.  It  feems,  as  if 
WQ  now  thought,  that  thefe  were  the  eftufions  of  an  excelhve 
devotion.  Even  a  bilhop  can  now  make  his  will  without  men- 
tioning the  name  of  God  in  it :  while,  by  a  ftrange  perverfenefs, 
a  treaty  of  peace  between  two  belligerent  powers,  which,  they 
and  all  the  world  know,  is  nothing  but  a  rope  of  fand,  begins, 
"  In  the  name  of  the  holy  and  undivided  Trinity." 

The  relationfiup  between  fponfors  and  their  god-children,  who 
were  called  Jpiritnal  Jons  and  daughters^  was  formerly  efteeraed 
much  more  facred  than  at  prefent '.  The  prefents  at  chriften- 
ings  were  fometimes  very  coniiderable  :  the  conne6lion  lafted 
through  life,  and  was  clofed  by  a  legacy.  This  laft  mark  of  at- 
tention (even  ftill  not  quite  difufed  by  fome  old-falliioned  people) 
feems  to  have  been  thought  almoft  indifpenlible.  For,  befides 
the  inftances  above-cited,  in  a  will  from  which  no  extrad:s  have 
been  given,  the  teftator  left  every  one  of  his  god-children  a  bu- 
Ihel  of  barley.  This  was  in  1469,  when  the  legacy  was  not 
worth  above  \\]d.  or  \\\]d. 

The  wiih  of  our  forefathers  to  be  brought  honeftly  to  the 
earth,  and  to  be  buried  according  to  their  degree,  is  now  much 
fallen  into  difufe.  The  funeral  cxpences  of  former  times  are 
now  diverted  into  other,  perhaps  not  better,  channels.  Nothing 
is  now  more  common  than  to  read  of  the  private  interments  of 
perfons  of  the  firft  diftincflion.  The  lifelefs  carcafe,  it  is  faid, 
is  of  no  value,  and  therefore  cannot  be  committed  to  the  ground 
with  too  little  expence.  But  furely  it  was  lately  the  refidence  of 
a  noble  inhabitant :  and  we  view,  and  treat  with  reverence,  even 
the  tattered  garment  of  an  illuftrious  perfon,  long  fmce  departed. 
Befides,  though  the  corpfe  itfelf  be  infenfible  of  the  honours 

'  There  were  even  fome  ecclefiaftical  laws  that  forbad  the  marriage  of  fpiritual 
■relations.     Johnfon,  y.^-o,  129 — 1009.  8 — 1017.  7, 

3  bellowed 


Chap.  II.]  OF         H     A     W     S     T     E     D.  31 

beftowed  upon  it ;  ftill,  however,  thofe  honours  exprefs  the  grief 
and  refpecft  of  the  furviving  relations,  and  may  make  proper  and 
lafting  impreflions  upon  the  attendants.  A  funeral,  with  all  its 
*'  pride,  pomp,  and  circumftance,"  is  one  of  the  moft  eloquent 
leffons  of  morality. 

From  the  very  fmall  importance  of  fome  of  thefe  wills,  it 
fliould  feem,  that  to  make  a  will  was  the  fafliion  of  the  times, 
and  a  ceremony  thought  proper  for  the  laft  fcene  of  life.  Other- 
"wife  one  would  have  thought,  that  a  dying  perfon's  requell  to 
fome  of  his  neareft  relations  and  friends  might  have  fecured  the 
expenditure  of  a  few  fliillings  for  the  welfare  of  his  foul.  Thus 
Elizabeth,  the  widow  of  Edward  IV.  feems  to  have  judged  this 
formality  necelTary.  She  exprefsly  declares,  that  flie  had  been 
plundered  of  all  her  pofleflions  by  her  fon-in-Iaw,  Henry  VI T. 
and  that  flie  had  no  worldly  goods  to  do  the  queen's  grace,  her 
deareft  daughter,  a  pleafure  with,  nor  to  reward  any  of  her 
children  :  yet  {he  makes  her  teftament  with  all  due  folemnity  ; 
appoints  three  executors,  and  requefts  her  daughter  the  queen,, 
and  her  fon,  the  marquis  of  Dorfet,  to  put  their  good-wills  and 
help  to  its  performance  '. 

About  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  there  was  a 
euftom  (not  yet  quite  abolifhed)  of  recording  the  funerals  of  per- 
fons  of  diiliindion  in  the  Herald's  College  \  Among  the  entries 
of  this  fort  is  the  following  : 

Mem.  That  the  right  worfliipful  Sir  Robert  Drury,  of  Haw- 
fled,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  knight,  married  Anne,  daughter 
of  the  worfhipful  Sir  Nic.  Bacon,  of  Redgrave,  in  the  county  of 

*  Royal  Wills,  p.  350. 

*  The  laft  but  one  of  thefe  entries  is  for  the  late  duke  of  Kingflon,  in'  which  it 
is  certified,  that  his  obfequies  were  performed  with  all  due  Iblcnnity,  "  except  the 
"  attendance  of  the  officers  of  the  College  of  Arms  to  marfhal  the  funeral,  which, 
*'  on  account  of  his  grace's  deceafc  at  Bath,  and  the  great  afflidion  of  his  moft  no- 
*'  ble  duchefs,  was  not  recollc(ftcd.  by  her  grace  till  too  late  to  prepare  the  ceremo- 
"  nial.    E.  Kingston." 

Suffolk^ 


32  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  IT. 

Suffolk,   knight  and  baronet ;   and  had  ilTue  two  daughters,  Do- 
rothie  and  EHzabeth,   both  which  died  young  fans  iflue. 

The  laid  Sir  Robert  departed  this  prefent  hfe  the  fecond  day 
of  April,  anno  Domini  1615,  and  was  interred  in  the  chancel  of 
the  pariHa  church  of  Hawlted  aforefaid.  His  funeral  was  wor- 
fhipfully  folemnized  by  his  aforefaid  right  worfhipful  ladie  dame 
Anne  Drury,  Sir  Henry  Drury  of  Hewgeley,  in  com.  Bucking- 
ham, knight,  being  chiefe  mourner,  being  affifted  by  the  right 
worfliipful  Sir  William  Wray  of  Glentworth,  in  com.  Lincoln, 
knight  barronet,  Sir  Robert  Drury  of  Rougham,  in  com.  SufF. 
knight,  Mr.  Drwe  Drury,  Ar.  and  Mr.  Robert  Drury,  Ar.  the 
faid  funeral  being  ordered  by  Richmond  Herald,  deputy  to  Mr. 
Clarencieux,  king  of  arms,  and  Cheller  Herald,  the  firft  of  Ju- 
ly '  in  the  yeare  abovefaid. 

Dru.  Drury.  A.  Drury.  Ed.  Bacon.  Ro.  Bacon.  Butts  Bacon, 
Bacquevil  Bacon.  Thomas  Drury.  Henry  Felton.  Phill. 
Colby. 

MS.  in  Heralds  Coll.  I.  16.  fol.  369. 

From  the  above  memorandum  it  appears,  that  though  the  Re- 
formation had  made  funerals  lefs  chargeable  in  fome  refpe6ls 
than  they  had  been  before  ;  ftill  however  they  were  attended  with 
very  confiderable  expences.  In  the  reign  of  Elizabeth  had  been 
alfo  introduced,  and  was  ftill  continued,  a  coflly  ftyle  in  monu- 
mental archite6lure ;  the  altar-tomb,  with  its  cumbent  figures, 
having  now  raifed  over  them  elaborate  canopies,  fupported  with 
Grecian  pillars.  Thefe  monuments  were,  I  believe,  more  ex- 
penflve  than  thofe  which  had  in  general  been  eredled  for  fome 
time  before  the  Reformation. 

'  The  parifh  regifter  fays,  i  June. 

The 


Chap.  IT.  J  OF        H    A    \V     S     T    E    D. 


J3 


The  following  is  *^  a  note  of  all  the  church  goodes  of  the  pa- 
"  rifli  church  of.Hawfted,  made  this  15th  of  April,  1637,'* 
from  a  decaying  piece  of  paper  in  the  church  chert. 

Imprimis,  the  communion  table  with  2  carpets;  one  of  them 
of  lattine,  and  the  other  of  fuftine. 

Item,  one  table  cloth,  of  dyoper,   and  2  napkins  of  dyoper. 

Item,  one  communion  cup  of  filver,  with  the  plate  to  lay 
bread  on,  of  filver  alfo  ;  and  one  flaggon  of  fine  pewter. 

Item,  one  furples  and  the  houde. 

Item,  one  church  bible  *  of  the  largeft  vollura. 

Item,  one  boucke  of  common  prayer. 

Item,  two  bouckes  of  homiles. 

Item,  the  boucke  of  canons. 

Item,  two  other  bouckes,  one  of  Juel's  works,  and  the  other 
of  Erafmius  upon  the  evangeles  %  with  a  defk  belonging  to 
them,   Ifanding  in  the  middle  fpace. 

Item,  two  regirter  bouckes. 

Item,  one  flatute  boucke  '  made  the  3d  of  king  James. 

Item,  one  boucke  for  the  right  of  kinges. 

Item,  one  paper  boucke  '*  to  fet  in  the  names  of  flrange 
preacheares. 

Item, 

'  A  bible  of  the  larger  volume  was  enjoined  by  Henry  VIII.  Edward  VI.  and  the 
80th  canon.  The  prefent  one  was  probably  king  James's  bible,  printed  in  fol.  161 1. 

*  Edward  VI.  in  the  firit  year  of  his  reign,  enjoined,  that  within  12  months 
Eralmus  hisparaphrale  on  the  gofpel  be  provided,  and  conveniently  placed  in  the 
church  for  people  to  read  in.  Bifhop  Juel's  defence  of  his  own  apology,  was  in 
fuch  efteem  (fays  Granger)  that  it  was  commanded  by  Elizabeth,  James  I.  and 
Charles  I.  and  four  archbifliops,  to  be  chained  in  all  parifli  churches  for  public  ufe. 
He  was  one  of  thegreatefl:  champions  of  the  reformed  religion. 

^  I  fuppofe  a  book  that  contained  the  afV  for  the  annual  obfervance  of  Novemb. 
5,  and  thofe  pafTed  at  the  fame  time  againll  thofe  concerned  in  that  plot,  and  Popifli 
recufants. 

*  This  book  is  now  lofl:,  but  I  have  feen  part  of  one  belonging  to  a  neighbour- 

F  ing 


34  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQJJITIES         [Chap.  n. 

Item,  ten  other  fmall  prayer  bouckes  which  were  injoined  to 
have. 

Item,  two  payer  of  orgaynes  *  ftanding  in  the  chanfell. 

Itcin,  one  cufliing  belongmg  to  the  pulpet,  one  ciuten  of 
'bu  .... 

Item,  one  oure  glafe  %  with  an  iron  frame  to  it. 

Item,  one  great  cheafte  ^  with  3  locks  and  3  keis,  and  one 
little  bockes  within  it,  which  hath  the  town  evidences,  and  two 
brafies  for  the  B  .  .  .  .  and  one  large  peefe  of  iron. 

ing  parifh  continued  down  as  low  as  1 706.  And  fo  great  was  the  number  of  names, 
that  it  feems  to  have  been  the  fafhion  of  the  time  to  entertain  the  audience  with  a 
variety  of  preachers.  This  booI<  was  enjoined  by  the  canons  of  1571  and  1603  ; 
and  continued  to  be  an  article  of  epifcopal  enquiry  in  this  diocefe  till  at  leaft  as  late 
as  1 686.  "  Have  you  a  book  of  paper,  wherein  are  duly  recorded  the  names  and 
"  licences  of  all  fuch  ftrangers  as  are  admitted  at  any  time  to  preach  in  your  church 
**  or  chapel  ?"  The  introduclion  of  new  doftrines  both  civil  and  religious,  abous 
■which  people  thought  fo  differently,  made  it  neceffary  for  government,  for  a  long 
time  after  the  Reformation,  to  lay  frequent  reftraints  upon  preachers.  Thefe  books 
jire  now  become  ufelefs,  and  bifiiops  ceafe  to  enquire  after  them. 

'  Thefe  muft  have  been  of  fmall  dimenfions  to  have  been  placed  conveniently 
in  a  room  only  33  |  by  i8  feet. 

*  In  the  account  of  the  church-wardens  of  St.  Helen's,  in  Abington,  Berks,  iv^. 
•was  paid  for  an  hour  glafs  for  the  pulpit,  in  159 1.  Archaeolog.  V.  I.  p.  22.  There 
is  fcarcely  perhaps  an  earlier  mention  of  this  implement.  It  was  uled  at  Paul's  Crofs 
in  1616  ;  for  in  a  painting  of  that  and  the  church,  of  thatdate,  now  in  the  Library 
of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London,  I  obferved  an  hour-glafs  near  the  preacher; 
and  the  cuftonfi  continued  tiU  aficr  the  reftoration ;  for  a  very  fine  one,  which  coft 
xviij  J.  was  brought  from  Holland  to  Lynn,  in  Norfolk.  Blomtfield's  Hifl:.  V.  IV. 
p.  131.  The  iron  frames  in  which  they  flood  are  fometimes  ftili  fecn  near  pulpits. 

^  The  large  cheft  with  3  keys  ftiil  contains  the  evidences  belonging  to  the  parifh  ; 
and  was  probably  in  being  before  the  Canons  of  1603  enjoined  every  parifh  to  pro- 
vide a  fure  coffer,  with  3  locks  and  keys,  in  which  the  parifli  rcgifler  was  to  be  kept. 
It  has  a  narrow  hole  on  the  top  cxadtly  over  the  little  box  lodged  within,  through 
which  the  money  of  the  charitable  was  to  be  dropped.  A  box  of  this  ibrt,  called 
ibe  poor  mens  box y  was  enjoined  by  Edw.  VI.;  the  alms  fo  collected  were  to  be 
diflributed  among  the  poor  at  convenient  times,  in  the  prefence  of  the  parifh.  The 
canons  of  1603  ordered  it  to  have  3  keys;  and  the  placing  it  within  the  large  one 
that  had  that  number,  appears  a  frugal  compliance  with  the  law.  The  bralfes  and 
the  long  piece  of  iron,  whatever  were  their  ufes,  bave  efcaped  the  three  locks 
iind  keys. 

Item^ 


Chap.  IL]  OF        HAWSTED.  3^ 

Item,  the  cover  of  the  fiinte  of  winefcot. 

Item,  ten  forms  great  and  fmall. 

Item,  in  the  fteeple  three  great  bells,  with  all  things  belonging 
to  them. 

Item,  one  little  bell  ',  hanging  between  the  church  and 
chanfell. 

Item,  one  beere  and  three  ladders  ftanding  iu  the  fleeple. 

Item,  two  great  ches  '  flanding  in  the  neather  foUer  ^  of  the 
fleeple. 

Having  thus  put  together  whatever  this  place  could  fupply 
towards  illuftrating  fome  of  the  religious  cuftoms  and  modes  of 
thinking  of  our  anceftors,  I  fliall  now  proceed  to  the  de- 
fcription  of 

The     CHURCH; 

But  I  muft  firft  hope  to  be  indulged  in  a  fliort  paufe  in  the 
church-yard,  which  I  can  never  enter  without  a  variety  of  re- 
flexions rufliing  in  upon  my  mind  :  for,  exclufive  of  thofe  ferious 
thoughts,  with  which  thefe  fcenes  of  mortality,  wdierever  they 
occur,  muft  neceffarily  infpire  a  contemplative  mind,  I  confider 
this  and  other  rural  repofitories  of  the  dead,  as  the  laft  refting- 
places  of  fome  of  the  moft  valuable  members  of  fociety  ;  of  thofe 

^  It  ftill  hangs  there  on  the  rood-loft,  and  is  about  6  inches  diameter.  It  was 
rung  probably  at  fome  particular  parts  of  divine  fervice  (as  at  the  confecration  or 
elevar'on  of  the  Hoft,  wlicnce  it  is  fometimes  called  the  fiici'w.g,  q.  d.  conle- 
crating  b;ll),  to  roule  the  attention  of  the  audience,  fome  of  whom  who  fat  at 
the  S.  E.  and  N.  E.  corners  of  the  church  could  not  well  fee  what  was  tranf- 
afting  at  the  high  altar.  I  recolleft  not  to  have  clfewhere  ktn  one  of  thefe  bells  ; 
and  wonder  that  this  has  efcaped  all  the  reformations  that  this  church  has  fuffered. 
The  faint's  bell  was  hung  on  the  outfide,  and  gave  notice  to  thofe  abroad  when 
the  more  folemn  afts  of  religion  were  performing. 

-  Thefe  were  probably  the  old  ones  ufed  before  the  Reformation,  when  the 
various  veftments  belonging  to  the  church  required  much  more  room  than  they  do 
at  prefent ;   they  are  now  gone. 

^  i.  e.  the  lower  Ilorj'. 

F   2  ^vho 


3<5  HISTORY    AND    ANTICLUITIES        [Chap.  11. 

who  have  fpent  their  days  in  inceffant  labour  and  poverty,  cul- 
tivating the  lands  of  others,  and  reaping  harvefls,  which  fill 
the  kingdom  with  plenty,  and  of  which  they  themfelves  can 
purchafe  but  a  fcanty  pittance.  It  is  from  thefe  "  rude  fore- 
*'  fathers  of  the  hamlet"  that  our  fleets  and  armies  are  fupplied 
with  an  intrepid  race  of  warriors  ;  from  thefe.  that  our  manu- 
fa(51uring  towns  are  furniflied  with  ufeful  mechanics,  and 
imperial  London  itfelf  prevented  from  becoming  a  defert.  What 
unformed  Hampdens,  Miltons,  and  Cromwells,  may  here  repofe, 
I  indulge  not  my  fancy  in  conje(Sturing,  while  I  am  certain  that 
under  thefe  neglecfted  hillocks  lie  thofe  who,  with  perfevering 
patience,  performed  the  tafk  allotted  them  by  heaven  ;  and,  at 
the  clofe  of  it,  laid  down  their  lives  with  a  reiignation,  which  I 
can  witnefs  would  have  done  credit  to  philofophers. 

In  this  church-yard  the  aflies  of  two  paftors  arq  mingled  with 
thofe  of  their  flock.  On  an  altar  monument  clofe  to  the 
chancel  door  is  this  infcription: 

Reader, 
If  virtue  and  goodnefs  could  have  faved  from  death;;. 
Thou  hadfl  not  htre  been  ftopt. 
Underneath  is  interred  the  body  of  the  Rev. 
Anthony  Pitches, 
Late  redor  of  this  parifh ; 
Whofe  modefty  and  fincere  love  of  truth  was  fuch. 
That  to  flatter  his  memory  would  be  to  infult 
His  afhes. 
A  man  of  great  humanity,  equal  probity,  and 
Undiflembled  piety. 
In  preaching  the  word  of  God,  he  was 

Diligent  and  fuccefsful ; 

In  doing  it,  moft  exafl  and  exemplary. 

The  firmnefs  of  his  virtue  carried  him  with  credit 

Through  all  the  difficulties  of  his  time. 
His  notions  of  God  were,  like  that  great  Being, 
Juft  and  venerable  : 
Of  R.eligion,  like  the  dodtrine  he  taught. 
Pure  and  fcriptural : 

Of 


Chap.  11.]  O    F        H    A    W    S    T    B    D.  3^ 

Of  Government,  like  the  laws  of  his  country^ 

Free  and  manly.. 

In  a  word, 

He  really  was,  vvhac  he  would  others  to  be, 

A  true  Englifhman,  and  a  true  Proteflanr^ 

A  Loyalift,  and  a  Chu-chman. 

He  died  Auguft  15,  1; 'o,  aged  63. 

Under  the  eaft  window  of  the  chancel  a  mural  tablet  of  ftone;^, 
fronting  four  coffin-lhaped  monuments,  in  thus  infcribed  : 

H.  M.  S. 

To  the  memory  of  the  R.ev.  Mr.  Ricli.  Pitches,  A.  M.  reftor  of  this 
parifli,  ar;d  Ton  to  the  late  Rev.  Mr.  Anth.  Pitches,  reflor  of  this  parilh 
alfo;  who,  to  the  great  grief  and  lofs  of  all  that  knew  hiin,  after  a  long 
and  tedious  illnefs,  rcfigned  his  f)nl  to  God  who  gave  it  him,  in  hopes 
of  a  blefled  refurrcftion  to  life  eternal,  on  the  6th  day  of  Oft. 


.         ( lEtnt.  40, 
Anno<(  „  ,     .  ^  ♦ 

j^Sakuis  1727. 


To  the  memory  of  Mrs.  Henrietta  Maria  Pitches,  wife  to  the  Rev.  Mr- 
Rich.  P:tches,  and  daughter  of  William  Capell,  Efq;  of  Stow  Hall,  ir» 
Suffolke.  Slie  left  behind  her  one  fon  and  two  daughters,  and  rdigncd 
ber  foul  to  God  who  gave  her  it,  on  the  5th  day  of  Nov. 

.  f  7Etat.  47, 

Anno  <  n  ,  ..  ^■^*r 
(_halut.  1720. 

To  the  memory  of  Sarah  Tyrrell,  widow,  fifter  to  the  late  Rev.  Mr., 

Anthony  Pitches,  reftor  of  this  parifh,  and  wife  to  Mr.  Henry  Tyrrell,. 

Attorney  at  law,  in  London.     She  departed  this  life  in  a  good  old  age. 

on  the  5th  day  of  February. 

.         fiEtat.  86, 
A-nno  <  c  1  . 

|_Salut.  1724-5. 

To  the  memory  of  Mrs.  Mary  Capell,  daughter  of  the  a,bove-men- 
tioned  William  Capell,  Efq;  She  departed  this  life  on  the  twentieth  day 
of  Jan.  Anno  Salur.  1724-5. 

Arms.  A  lion  rampant  crowned,  empaling  a  lion  rampant 
between  three  crofs  crofllets  litche.  Creft,  a  lion's  head  erafed. 
crowned. 

The 


38  HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  dU  I  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  IT. 

The  humble  efforts  of  the  ruftic  Mule  flioiild  not  be  defpifed. 
They  have  often  a  very  afrc6ting  fimplicity,  and  tell  the  moral 
tale  tuU  as  well  as  more  laboured  compolitions.  The  following 
are  ibledted  from  fome  others  of  an  equally  fober  and  rational 
calt 

Here  lieth  the  body  of  Jofeph  Pavis,         Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Edward  PalTey, 
who  dyed  May  the  6th,   lyoi.  who  dyed  the  loth  of  May,  1701. 

Think  oft  of  death  Few  were  his  years  on  earth 
And  feare  to  fin  ;  But  yet  in  living  well. 

When  this  life  ends.  He  is  more  fafe 

Eternity  begin  '.  Thau  they  that  fourfcore  tell. 

Mr.  Thomfon  Wycks  dyed    March         Here    lyeth  the  body  of   Mercy  " 
the  9th,  1714,  aged  24  years.  fon  of  llobert  Hay  ward,    who.dep. 

Behold  I'm  dead,  yet  Hull  Hive.  '^^^^^'^   J^^^    4,    1694,    aged   40 

'J'ake  heed  all  ye  that  me  furvive.  ^ 

There  is  a  great  partiality  to  burying  on  the  fouth  and  eaft 
fides  of  the  church-yard.  About  20  years  ago,  when  I  firft 
became  rector,  and  obferved  how  thofe  fides  (particularly  the 
fouth)  were  crowded  with  graves,  I  prevailed  upon  a  few  perfons 
to  bury  their  friends  on  the  north,  which  was  entirely  vacant; 
but  tiie  example  was  not  followed  as  I  hoped  it  would:  and  they 
continue  to  bury  on  the  fouth,  where  a  corpfe  is  rarely  interred 
without  difturbing  the  bones  of  its  anceftors. 

This  partiality  may  perhaps  at  firft  have  partly  arifen  from 
the  antient  cuflom  of  praying  for  the  dead ;  for  as  the  ufual 
approach  to  this  and  moft  country  churches  is  by  the  fouth,  it  was 
natural  for  burials  to  be  on  that  fide,  that  thofe  who  were  going 
to  divine  fervice  might,  in  their  way,  by  the  fight  of  the  graves 
of  their  friends,  be  put  in   mind  to  offer  up  a  prayer  for   the 

'   A  fmgular  fubflantive  and  a  plural  verb  do  not  fhock  a  SufFolcian — fuch  a 
barbarifm  is  one  of  the  leading  features  of  his  hmguage. 
-  It  was  a  puritanical  fafhion  to  chrilkn  by  fuch  names. 

welfare 


Chap.  II.]  O    F        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  39 

welfare  of  their  fouls  ;  and  even  now,  fince  the  cuftom  of 
praying  for  the  dead  is  abolillied,  the  fame  obvious  iituation 
of  graves  may  excite  ibme  tender  recolle6tion  in  thofe  who  view 
them,  and  filently  implore  "  the  palhng  tribute  of  a  Ugh." 
That  this  motive  has  its  influence,  may  be  concluded  from  the 
graves  that  appear  on  the  north  fide  of  the  church-yard,  when 
the  approach  to  the  church  happens  to  be  that  way  ;  of  this 
there  are  fome  few  inftances  in  this  neighbourhood.  Still,  how-^ 
ever,  even  in  this  cafe,  the  foutii  fide  is  well  tenanted  ;  there 
muft  therefore  have  been  fome  ether  caufe  of  this  preference.. 
The  fuppofed  fan6lity  of  the  eafl  is  well  known,  and  is  derived. 
from  our  Saviour's,  that  Sun  of  Righteouliiefs,  appearing  in  that 
quarter  with  refpeit  to  us ;  from  the  tradition  of  his  aicending 
to  heaven  eallward  from  mount  Olivet;  and  from  an  opinion  that 
He  will  appear  in  that  quarter  at  the  lall  day.  Hence  the  cuftom 
of  building  churches  with  one  end  pointing  towards  the  eaft ; 
of  our  turning  ourfelves  in  fome  parts  of  our  prayers  towards 
that  point;  and  being  buried  with  our  faces  direfted  that  way. 
Has  then  the  idea  been  extended,  and  any  analogy  conceived 
to  be  between  the  Sun  of  Righteoufnefs  and  the  material  fun; 
fo  that  thofe  who  are  buried  within  the  rays  of  the  latter  may 
hav^e  a  better  claim  to  the  prote6lion  of  the  form.er  ?  Ho'Vever 
this  may  be,  and  whatever  origin  this  preference  of  the  fouth 
and  eaft  to  the  north  may  have  had,  the  fail  itfelf  is  certain. 
Morefin,  as  quoted  and  tranflated  by  Brand,  in  his  "  Popular 
*'  Antiquities,"  p.  53.  fays,  in  Popifli  burying-grounds,  thofe 
who  were  reputed  good  Chriftians  lay  towards  the  fouth  and 
eaft;  others,  who  had  fuffered  capital  punifliment,  laid  violent 
hands  on  themfelves,  or  the  like,  were  buried  towards  the  north  : 
a  cuftom  that  had  formerly  been  of  frequent  ufe  in  Scotland. 

In  this  church-yard  ftood  formerly  a  Oo/},   two  fiagmeiits  of 
which  lie  clofe  to  the  fence  on  the  foutii  fide ;   and  its  hand- 

fome 


^>  HISTORY     AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  H. 

fome  pedeftal,   charged  with  the  Driiry  arms,   is  cut  in  two,  and 
Icrves  as  ileps  to  the  north  door  of  the  church. 

Another  flood  where  the  diredlion-poft  now  ftands,  clofe  to 
the  church-yard,  and  gave  the  name  of  Cocks-crouch  '  Lane 
(as  appears  by  old  deeds)  to  the  lane  at  the  eaft  end  of  the 
Church  Houfe. 

Crqlfes  were  very  early  erected  in  church-yards,  to  put  paf- 
fengers  in  mind  to  pray  for  the  fouls  of  thole  whofe  bodies  lay 
-there  interred;  in  150 1,  a  crofs  was  alfo  ordered  by  will  to  be 
ere6ted  in  Hardley  church-yard,  Norf.  "  pro  Palmis  in  die 
Hamis  Palmarum  offerendis  "." 

Though  few  perhaps  would  wifli  to  fee  thefe  ceremonies  re- 
vived, yet  may  it  be  doubted,  whether,  if  thefe  crofies  were 
now  ftanding,  the  morals  of  the  parifhioners  would  be  injured 
by  them.  The  peafant  paffing  by  them,  in  the  morning,  to 
his  daily  labour,  might,  by  calling  his  eyes  upon  fuch  obje6LS, 
receive  an  imprelTion,  that  would  have  a  happy  influence  on  his 
conduct  the  reft  of  the  day. 

No  cattle  but  fheep  are  fulFcred  to  feed  in  this  enclofure,  fo 
that  the  precaution  mentioned  in  the  following  lines  is  never 
iieceffiiry  here ; 

With  wicker  rods  we  fenc'd  her  tomb  around, 

To  ward  from   man  and  beaft  the  hallo w'd  ground  : 

Left  her  new  grave  the  parfon's  cattle  rafe, 

For  both  his  horfe  and  cow  the  church-yard  graze. 

Gay. 

'  Cock's  Crouch  is,  God's  Crofs.     The  firft  word  is  corrupted  in  that  manner 
■siore  than  once  in  Chaucer. 

"  Blomcfield's  Hid.  Vol.  V.  p.  11 33. 

I  Let 


iMlimmiilM'lllllliIilliiillllllllllimilIl,l.illiliiiiHiiiiiiiiNi:iiiiiii:.,i.!L 


Chap.  II.]  OF        H    A     W     S    T    E     D.  4^ 

Let  us  now  confickr  the  Chupxh  itfeif. 

It  is  dedicated  to  All  Saints,  and  fitnated  near  the  centre  of 
the  village.  It  is  built  of  freeftone,  and  flints  broken  into 
fmooth  faces  ;  materials  moft  durable,  and  by  the  contrail  or 
their  colours  producing  a  Very  good  effect.  Of  this  kind  of  work 
more  is  to  be  met  with  in  this  diocefe  than  in  almoll  the  whole 
kingdom  befides.  The  porches,  buttreffes,  and  embattled  pa- 
rapets, are,  in  general,  the  moft  laboured  parts  ;  the  flints  not 
being  only  mixed  with  the  free-ftone,  but  beautifully  inlaid  in  a 
variety  of  patterns.  Of  this  inlaying,  the  lower  part  of  this 
fteeple  exhibits  no  inelegant  fpecimens,  in  mullets,  quatre-foils, 
interlaced  triangles,   &c. 

Of  the  exad;  age  of  the  prefent  building  I  have  no  records  : 
but  it  fpeaks  fufficiently  plainly  for  itfeif.  The  very  obtufely 
pointed  arches  of  the  windows  fhew  it  at  firft  fight  to  be  of  no 
confiderable  antiquity  ;  for  the  very  lliarply-pointed  arch,  which 
lucceeded  the  circular  one  about  the  year  1200,  expanded  itfeif 
by  degrees,  and  grew  more  and  more  obtufe,  till  towards  the 
reign  of  Henry  VII.  it  approached  the  fegment  of  a  large  circle. 
The  munnions  alfo  of  the  windows  carried  ftrait  from  the  bottom 
to  the  top  befpeak  a  modern  date  ;  for  before  the  reign  of 
Henry  VI.  thefe  munnions  diverged  towards  the  top,  and  formed 
a  variety  of  beautiful  tracery  in  the  upper  part  of  the  window. 
Thefe  particulars  are  fufficient  to  prove  the  building  to  have  no 
pretenfions  to  antiquity.  The  arms  of  the  Druries,  in  ftone,  in 
the  fteeple,  will  go  very  nearly  to  afcertain  its  precife  date.  That 
family  did  not  purchafe  the  manor  and  advowfon  till  20  Hen. VII. 
and  the  arms  of  the  purchafer.  Sir  Robert  Drury,  empaling 
thofe  of  Calthorpe  his  wife  ;  as  alfo  thofe  of  his  fon  Sir  William 
empaling  thofe  of  his  firft  wife,  Jane  St.  Maur,  are  over  the  weft 

G  dcor 


42  HISTORY    AND     ANTIQ^UITIES         [Chap.  if. 

door  of  the  fleeple,  and  were  doubtlefs  wrought  intoit  at  the 
time  of  its  conftrudtioii.  Sir  Robert  died  in  1520,  and  his 
daugliter-in-law  Jane  in  1517  ;  the  age  therefore  of  the  prefent 
building  may  be  fixed  at  the  beginning  of  the  i6th  century  ', 
and  the  excellence  of  its  workmanfhip  would  not  difgrace  any 
period.  Its  walls  for  about  two  feet  above  ground  are  of  free- 
ftonc,  and  pro;e6t  all  round  in  the  nature  of  a  buttrefs,  exa6lly 
like  thofe  at  VVindfor-Caftle ;  a  particular  which  I  recolledf  not 
in  any  other  country  church.  Of  the  handfomely  embattled 
fteeple,  63  feet  high,  the  engraving  will  give  an  idea.  At  one 
of  its  corners  is  an  iron  weather-cock,  which  has  folicited  the 
eledlric  fliock  for  centuries ;  but  the  fabric  flill  remains  entire  ; 
and  I  cannot  help  obferving,  that  if  modern  philofophy  did  not 
feem  to  afcertain  the  power  of  iron  rods  to  condu61;  the  lightning, 
I  fliould  almoft  doubt  the  faifl ;  for  there  is  another  facft  that 
appears  to  warrant  a  different  conclufion ;  and  this  is,  that 
almoft  every  country  fleeple,  exclufive  of  its  weather-cock,  is 
furniflied  with  feveral  iron  rods  that  are  let  into  the  ftone  battle- 
ments to  flrengthen  them  ;  thefe  rods  ought  to  condudl  the  light- 
ning into  the  buildings,  and  fhatter  them  to  pieces:  flill,  however, 
thefe  buildings  brave  the  tempeft,  and  ftand  unflricken  for  ages. 

The  Chancel  is  of  a  different  age  and  inferior  flyle,  its  walls 
being  of  rough  flints  plaflered  over ;  its  fouth  windoAv  next  the 
church  fharp  pointed  at  top,  and  ornamented  with  a  quaterfoil, 
is  certainly  older  than  thofe  of  the  church  ;  bnt  this  is  later  than 
the  building  itfelf;  for  clofe  to  it  are  the  vefliges  of  a  lancet 
window,  which  was  flopped  up  to  make  room  for  it.  The  bottom 
of  this  window,   as  well  as  of  that  oppoflte  to  it  (which  is  of 

»  Yet,  in  1533,  °"'^  ^^  ^^  parifliionersleft  xl  j.  to  the  reparation  of  the  church  : 
and  another  in  1552,  xj.  to  the  building  of  the  roof.  The  firll  bequeft  vvas  meant 
probably  for  the  general  fupport  of  the  church  ;  the  fecond  might  be  for  the  new 
tiling  of  the  roof,  or  the  repair  of  fome  accidental  breach. 

the 


Chap.  11.]  OF        H     A    W    S    T    E    D.  43 

the  lame  age,  though  larger)  comes  within  two  feet,  or  lefs,  of 
the  ground  ;  much  lower  than  thofe  in  the  church,  or  the  old 
ones  in  the  chancel  :  a  particularity  which  1  have  noted  in  fome 
other  country  churches  in  thefe  parts,  and  for  which  1  cannot 
well  account.  There  w^as  alfo  on  this  fide  another  lancet  window, 
and  a  third  much  wider,  both  flopped  \\p,  perhaps  for  the 
monuments  within.  Thefe  lancet  windows  (lb  called  from  their 
flender  fliape  terminating  in  a  point")  fuccefeded  the  circular 
ones,  and  had  a  very  mean  appearance.  If  ever  they  were 
tolerable,  it  was  on  the  north  fide,  that  as  little  air  as  poflible 
might  be  admitted  from  that  quarter  ;  when  they  were  in 
triplets,  and  adorned  with  taper  columns,  they  had  a  good 
effect.  The  eaft  window  is  evidently  of  the  fame  age  with  thofe 
in  the  church,  and  probably  put  in  to  correfpond  with  them. 
The  north  window,  though  exacSlly  oppofite  that  on  the  fouth, 
and  of  the  fame  age,  is  different  from  it  both  in  fize  and 
pattern.  The  north  and  fouth  windows  of  the  church  are  alfo 
different  from  each  other.  This  particular  is  mentioned,  as  the 
■want  of  uniformity  in  mofl  ancient  buildings  is  one  of  their 
moft  ftriking  characters.  Our  old  architedts  fcem  to  have  thought 
that  beauty  confifted  in  variety.  The  roof  was  entirely  made 
new  in  1780,  when  the  thatch  was  exchanged  for  tiles,  at  the 
expence  of  i  o  o  ;^. 

The  ufual  entrance  into  the  church  is  by  the  fouth  porch,  at 
the  right  hand  corner  of  which,  clofe  to  the  door,  Hands  a  pillar 
of  SmTex  marble  two  feet  high,  and  nine  inches  in  diameter,  on 
which  doubtlefs  flood  a  bafon  for  the  holy  water  ',  into  which 

'  It  was  formerly  called  a  holy  water  y?(j/>,  or  Jlcup;  and  was  generally  a  ftor.e 
bafon  inferred  in  the  wall,  clofe  to  the  door,  fometimes  within,  fometimcs  without. 
The  veftiges  of  them  are  flill  common.  They  were  alio  frequently  near  altars  in  the 
church,  on  the  north  fide,  or  at  the  right  hand  of  the  officiating  prieft ;  fo  that 
where  one  of  thefe  appears  (except  juft  at  the  entrance)  it  may  be  concluded  that  an 
altar  formerly  flood  clofe  to  it. 

G   %  thofe 


44  HISTORY     AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  1  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  IT. 

thofe  ^vhc)  entered  rhe  cliurcli  dipped  one  of  their  fingers,  and 
then  crolfed  themfelves,  as  is  1x111  the  conftant  cuftom  in  Catholic 
covintiies.  This  door-cafe,  as  well  as  that  oppofite  to  it,  have 
both  circular  arches,  with  zig-zag  mouldings,  evidently  of  a  much 
older  ftyle  and  date  than  any  other  part  of  the  building ;  nor  is 
this  an  uncommon  circumflance  ;  for  which  I  have  elfewhere  ', 
and  I  think  falisfaiftai'ily,  accounted,  by  fuppofing  that  thefe  an- 
cient door  cafes,  in  comparatively  modern  buildings,  belonged  to 
former  churches  :  and  when  thefe  went  to  decay,  and  were  to  be 
rebuilt,  the  arched  door-cafes,  both  from  their  materials  and  con- 
ftruction  continuing  found  and  entire,  were  wrought  up  in  the 
new^  work,   and  now  exhibit  a  great  diverfity  of  ftyle. 

The  Church  confifts  of  a  body  or  nave  only,  and  is  within  the 
walls  58  feet  long,  29  ^th  wide,  and  about  36  to  the  higheft 
point  of  the  roof.  There  are  fome  pews  for  the  principal  inha- 
bitants towards  the  Eall:  end,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
pulpit.  The  reft  of  the  feats  are  probably  coeval  with  the  churchy 
being  regular  benches,  all  alike,  with  a  low^  back- board  to  each. 
Pews,  that  fo  much  deform  our  Proteftant  churches,  were  not 
common  till  the  beginning  of  the  laft  century  ;  but,  however 
uniform  and  undiftinguiflied  the  ancient  feats  were,  and  however 
pecuharly  improper  fubjeils  to  excite  any  of  the  ungentle 
pailions,  they  were  very  early  the  caufes  of  contentions,  which 
the  fynod  of  Exeter  endeavoured  to  obviate  in  1287,  by  de- 
claring, that  all  perfons,  except  noblemen  and  patrons,  w  hen  they 
came  to  church  to  fay  their  prayers,  might  do  it  in  what  place 
they  pleafed  \     Early  in  the  laft  century,  there  feem  to  have 

been 

'  Antiquarian  Repertory,  vol.  II.  p.  238. 

^  SecStaveley's  Hiflory  of  Churches,  p.  277,  lail  edition.  The  editors  of  the  Hif- 
tory  of  Wcftmorland  and  Cumberland  inform  us,  that  in  feveral  churches  in  thofe 
parts  the  feats  are  to  this  day  unappropriated.  The  contrary  praiftice,  add  they,  is  ex,- 

tremclj;: 


Chap.  II.]  O     F        H    A    W    S    T     E     D.  4$ 

been  fome  clifputes  about  the  feats  in  this  church  ;  for  from  a 
decaying  paper,  fome  years  ago  in  the  church  chelV,  it  appeared, 
that  Richard  Pead,  Reg'rarViS,  direilcd  an  inrtrurnent  to  the  church- 
wardens, charging  and  commanding  them  to  place  the  inha- 
bitants in  fuch  leats  in  the  church  as  they  fliould  think  proper, 
according  to  tlicir  eftates,  degrees,  and  callings  ;  but  their 
power  was  not  to  extend  to  feats  belonging  to  houfes  of  note 
and  worfliip.  Returns  were  to  be  made  of  thofe  that  were 
refractory  ;  dated  i  Dec.  i6?.3.  "  Is  there  any  ftrife  or  contention 
about  feats  in  the  church?"  is  ihll  an  article  of  epifcopal  enquiry. 

The  roof  is  formed  of  the  rafters  on  which  the  tiles  are  laid,, 
the  intervals  being  filled  with  oaken  planks.  The  braces  and 
principals  are  carved  ;  of  the  latter  every  other  one  is  fui3ported 
by  an  angel.  Thefe  angels,  when  vveil  executed,  I  have  always 
reckoned  among  the  moil  agreeable  ornaments  of  our  ancient 
churches.  Their  drapery  and  different  attributes  admitted  much 
variety  and  elegance  of  fculpture  ;  and  their  being  reprefented 
as  hovering  over  the  congregation,  and  aflifting  their  devotions, 
muft  have  conveyed  the  moil:  pleaiing  and  animating  ideas  to  our 
anceitors.  There  is  no  doubt  (fays  an  old  Capitulum)  but  the 
prefence  of  God's  angels  is  in  churches  \  And  in  the  Com- 
munion Service  fct  forth  by  Edward  Yl.  the  Almighty  is 
befeeched  "  to  accept  this  our  bounden  duty  and  .fervice, 
*'  and  to  command  thefe  our  prayers  and  fupplications  by 
"  the  miniftry  of  thy  holy  angels  to  be  brought  up  into  thy 
"  holy  tabernacle,  before  the  iaght  of  thy  Divine  Majeily.!* 
The  angels  in  this  church  have  had  their  heads  and  wings 
taken  away,  probably  by  Mr.  Wm.  Dowiing,  of  Stratford,  in 
this  county,  who  made  his  reforming  circuit  in  the  years  1643 

iremely  inconvenient  in  many  places,  particularly  in  the  metropolis,  where  one  may 
frequently  fee  molt  of  the  congregation  {landing  in  the  alleys,  whilft  the  pews  riij 
locked  uj\  the  o'.vners  thereof  being  in  the  country,  or  perhaps  in  bed.Yol.  I.  p..4S5- 
»  Jojinl'on's  Ecclef.  Laws,  9^4.  10. 

•  and. 


4S  "HISTORY     AND    A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  11. 

and  1644,  to  deftroy  the  fuperftitious  images  and  infcriptions 
311  churches;  and  did  increcib'e  mifchief.  I  have  part  of  the 
journal  of  his  tranfadlions  ;  the  angels  and  cherubiins  in  the 
roof  are  conftantly  ordered  to  be  taken  down  :  to  have  taken 
them  down  would  often  have  endangered  the  roof;  fo  defacing 
was  thought  fufficient. 

The  font,  elevated  on  two  fteps,  ftands  at  the  Weft  end,  in 
the  centre ;  placed  there,  I  apprehend,  fince  the  Reformation  ; 
for,  in  its  prefent  fituation,  it  would  have  obftrudted  the  ancient 
procellions,  which  entered  the  weft  door  of  the  fteeple,  and 
advanced  to  the  high  altar.  It  is  of  plain  ftone,  fquare  without, 
and  circular  within,  i  ;-  feet  in  diameter,  1 1  inches  deep,  lined 
with  lead,  and  having  a  hole  at  the  bottom.  Through  this 
hole  the  confecrated  water  ',  when  it  was  to  be  renewed,  was 
let  off^,  and  defcended  into  a  cavity  below,  where  it  was  abforbed 
by  the  earth,  that  it  might  not  be  irreverently  thrown  away,  or 
applied  to  any  profane  ufe.  At  the  upper  edge  of  it  are  the 
remains  of  the  iron  faftenings,  by  which  the  cover  was  for- 
merly locked  down,  for  fear  of  Sorcery  ".  How  long  this  cuftom 
continued  I  cannot  fay  ;  but  a  lock  was  bought  for  the  font  in 
Brockdifli  church,  Norfolk,  as  late  as  1553  \  A  cover  is  all  the 
canons  now  require. 

The  Ten  Commandments  are  painted  on  the  eaft  walls  of  the 
church,  and  near  them  the  Lord's  Prayer  and  the  Belief.  The 
former  only  are  required  by  the  Bad  canon,  which  direds  them 
to  be  ffct  at  the  eaft  end  of  every  church  and  chapel,  where  the 

The  confecrated  baptifmal  water  iifed  to  be  kept  in  the  font.  In  1236  it  was 
not  to  remain  more  than  feven  days,  after  the  baptifm  of  an  infant.  2  lidw.  VI. 
it  was  to  be  clianged  every  month  once  at   lealt. 

"^  "  Pontes  baptifmales  fiib  fera  claufi  teneantur,  propter  fortilegia."  Conftitution 
of  Edmund  in  1256.  The  forcery  here  guarded  againit  was  fome  vulgar  fuperftition, 
fiivs  1-indwood,  better  concealed,  than  explained. 

'  Blomefield,  Vol.  III.  p.  228. 

people 


Chap.  II.l  OFHAWSTED.,  47 

people  may  bcft  fee  and  rend  them.  Qaccn  Elizabeth  ordered 
them  to  be  placed  at  the  eaft  end  of  the  chancel.  This  might  be 
convenient  formerly,  when  prayer-books  were  not  fo  commoa 
as  at  prefent ;  but  now  they  fcarcely  anfwer  any  other  purpofe,, 
than  to  disfigure  the  walls,  by  being  generally  ill  executed,  and 
becoming  obfcure. 

The  Chancel  is  33  7  by  18  feet,  and  about  24  high.  The 
ceiling  is  coved  and  plaftered,  and  divided  into  compartments 
by  mouldings  of  wood,  the  interfedlions  of  which  are  adorned 
with  antique  heads,  and  foliage,  preferv-ed  from  the  old  one.  All 
its  windows  have  been  handfomely  painted.  Several  coats  of 
arms  of  the  Drurys  and  Cloptons  Hill  remain,  as  alfo  fome 
headlefs  figures  of  faints  and  angels,  The  deftroying  the  faces 
of  "  Superititious  Images"  was  a  facrifice  that  often  fatisfied 
Oliver's  ecclefiaftical  vilitors.  The  communion  table  is  raifed 
two  fteps,  which  (as  well  as  the  area  within  the  rails)  are  of  black 
and  w^hite  marble,  and  muft  have  been  made  fince  the  Refto- 
ration  ;  for  the  levelling  the  fteps  in  chancels  was  a  great  obje£L. 
with  the  Fanatics,  and  one  of  Dowfing's  conftant  direcflions. 
It  was  defigned  to  diminifli  the  dignity  of  the  communion  table, 
which  was  fometimes  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  chancel. 
Without  the  faith  of  hiftory,  pofterity  would  hardly  credit  the 
difputes  of  .their  forefathers  about  the  name  and  fituation  of  this 
piece  of  church  furniture.  That  in  queftion  is  furniflied  widi  a 
green  cloth  fringed,  a  linen  cloth  and  two  napkins,  two  cups  and 
two  patins  of  fdver,   and  a  pewter  fiaggon. 

At  one  corner  ftands  a  wooden  lecftorne,  on  which  lie  Erafmus's 
Faraphrafe,  Bilhop  Juel's  Works,  and  the  Book  of  Homilies  ; 
the  laft  very  lately  ordered  by  the  vilitors  to  be  procured,  in 
compliance,  I  fuppofe,  with  the  80th  canon,  though  it  was  not 
an  article  of  enquiry  in  the  primary  vifitaticn  of  the  late  bilhop. 

.It 


j  ]  H  I  3  1  O  !i  Y     AND     AN  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S        [Chap.  II. 

i!  will  t.ikc  probably  a  long  unclithirbed   ilumber  with  its  com- 
panions, 

.  The  weft  end,  und  part  of  the  north  and  iouth  fides  are  fur- 
niihcd  with  fculptured  benches  and  defks.  All  redtors  were 
'.onimanded  to  find  thcfe  at  their  own  expcnce ;  they  were  for 
'he  priclls  and  clerks  to  fit  in,  and  lay  their  books,  while  they 
were  readino;  or  linrdn'j  their  hours  or  breviaries  '.  On  the 
liorth  fide  is  a  veltry,   under  which  is  a  vault. 

In  the  middle  of  the  pavement  at  the  weft:  end  is  a  foft  light- 
coloured  ftone,    5  f.  4  i.   by  2.   ii.  with  a  fmall  crofs  engraven 
at  one  corner ;   it  had  formerly,  no  doubt,  one  at  each  cornej-, 
and  a  fifth  in  the  middle ;    but  thefe  are    worn   out  by  being 
much  trodden  upon.      It  was  the  upper  part  of  an  altar,   which 
was  ahvays  marked  in  that  manner  upon  its  confecration.    Some- 
times   the  upper  ftones  of  tombs  are  fo  diftingvdftied  ;   as  that 
for  the   French  queen,     afterwards   duchefs  of  Suffolk,  in  the 
neighbouring  church  of  St.  Mary,   at  Bury.    In  the  S.    aile  of 
St.    Alban's   abbey-church,  at  entering,   is  a  tomb  covered  by  a 
moft  beautiful  and  thick  llab  of  dark  Derby  fliire  marble,   richly 
inlaid  by  the  hand  of  nature,   with   great  variety  of  foflTil  fliells, 
and  having  a  crofs  cut  in  it  at  the  four  corners,  and  a  fifth  in 
the   centre,    and  probably  the  table  of  fome  altar  in  that  fuperb 
building. 

The  church  and  chancel  are  divided  by  a  wooden  fcreen  of 
Gothic  work.  This  ufed  to  be  called  the  Rood-loft,  from  the 
rcprefentation  of  our  Saviour  on  the  Rood  or  Crofs,  ufually  placed 
upon  it,  between  the  figures  of  the  Virgin  Mary  and  St.  John. 
It  was  before  thefe  that  the  lamp  was  to  burn,  for  which  a  piece 
of  land  was  bequeathed  in  1503.  Thefe  images  were  ordered 
to  be  taken  down,  i  Edw.  VI.  fet  up  again  by  queen  Mary,  and 
finally  abolifticd  2  Eliz.   Their  place  is  at  prcfent  not  very  orna- 

.'  Johnfon's  Ecckf.  Laws,  1250,  and  Addenda. 

mentally 


Chap.  II.]  OF        HA    \V    S    T    E:    D. 


49 


mentally  fupplied  by  a  painted  tablet  of  the  royal  arms,  which 
I  wonder  to  fee  fo  frequently  in  churches,  as  I  know  of  no  law 
that  enjoins  it;  as  it  is  often  a  fliabby,  never  an  elegant  piece  of 
furniture,  and  as  the  church  has  badges  enough  befides  of  her 
dependance  on  the  ftate :  The  little  bell  on  this  fcreen  has  been 
mentioned  before,  p.  35. 

In  the  fteeple  are  three  bells  ;  the  two  largeft  were  call:  fince 
the  fafliion  ceafed  of  chrilfening  and  naming  bells;  and  have 
only  the  names  of  the  founder  and  church-warden.  Henry 
Pleafant  made  me,  1696.  Thomas  Cafon,  church- warden;  the 
fmallefl  is  infcribed, 

(i!;feriji3  aniiis  tttomt  campaira  Jo'innts. 

The  re61:or  made  a  note  in  the  regifter,  that  the  great  bell,  when 
new  calf,  weighed  ten  hundred  and  a  half  and  twenty-five 
pounds  ;  the  other,  eight  hundred  and  three  quarters  and  ievcn 
ponnds. 

Having  thus  given  fome  account  of  the  church,  and  its  fur- 
niture, I  lliall  proceed  to  defcribe,  in  chronological  order,  th« 
fepulchral  monuments  it  contains. 

Within  an  arched  recefs,  in  the  middle  of  the  north-wall 
of  the  chancel,  and  nearly  level  with  the  pavement,  lies  a 
crofs-legged  figure  of  ftone.  The  late  Sir  James  Burrougli, 
in  the  Appendix  to  Magna  Britannia,  in  Suffolk,  fays,  I  know 
not  upon  what  ground,  it  is  for  one  of  the  family  of  Fitz- 
Eultace,  who  were  lords  here  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  III.  and 
Edward  I.'  it  is  certainly  coeval  with  the  chancel,  which  is  of  that 
age.  That  all  thefe  crofs-legged  figures  are  for  Knights  Templars, 
as  has  been  fuppoied,  is  certainly  not  true ;  thofe  in  the  Temple 
church  at  London,  were  not  for  perfons  of  that  Order ;  it  is 
probable  they  were  for  thofe  who  had  been  in  the  crufades,  01 

H  had 


S9  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  11. 

had  by  any  means  contributed  to  that  fervice.  However  that 
may  be,  this  kind  of  monumental  figuie  feems  to  have  been 
much  in  falhion  till  the  year  1 31  2,  when  the  order  of  Templars 
finking  into  ruin  and  contempt,  whatever  had  reference  to  them 
fell  almoil  entirely  into  difule  '.  That  in  queltion  is  a  very 
handfome  one  ;  the  arch  being  elegantly  fculptured  with  foliage^ 
and  a  Gothic  turret  riling  from  the  head  and  feet,  connected  by 
a  battlement  at  top. 

As  ancient  perhaps  as  the  laft,  is  a  flat  flab  of  Suflex  marble, 
near  the  chancel  door,  7  feet  long,  and  wider  at  one  end  than 
the  other.  It  has  been  mifplaced,  lying  north  and  fouth  ;  it  was 
probably  for  an  ecclefiaftic ;  but  no  veftige  of  an  inlcriptioii 
remains.  Stones  of  this  fliape  were  frequently  the  lids  of 
coflins,  which  lay  no  deeper  than  their  own  depth  in  the  earth, 
fo  that  their  coverings  formed  part  of  the  pavement. 

In  the  middle  of  the  church  towards  the  eafl  end,  is  a  flat 
flab  of  Suflex  marble,  8  ^  by  4  ^  "feet  ;  by  its  efcutcheons  in 
brafs,  it  appears  to  be  for  Ro'^er  Dniry^  Efq;  who  died  in  1500, 
and  was  buried  here.     The  efcutcheons  are, 

1.  A  tau  between  2  mullets  in  chief.     Drury, 

2.  Drury  empaling  a  coat  charged  with  a  chevron.  Han^ 
ningfield. 

3.  Drury  empaling,  firft,  a  coat  charged  with  a  chevron,  on 
which  is  a  crofs-crofllet ;  fecond,  2  lyons  paflant  guardant. 
Denjlon. 

4.  Drury  empaling  quarterly,  ifl.  3  m\fllets  on  a  bend,  2d. 
obfcure,  except  a  chief ;    3  as  2,  4  as  i. 

On  a  flat  flone,  clofe  to  the  fteps  that  lead  to  the  com- 
munion-table, is  the  portrait  of  a  lady  in  brafs,  in  one  of  the 
head-drefles  that  were  in   fafliion  in   the  reign  of  Henry  VIL 

'  Archccolog.  Vol.  II.  p.  294. 

triangular 


Chap.  IL]  O     F        H    A    W    S     T     E    D.  51 

triangular  at  top,  with  long  depending  lappets ;  at  her  girdle 
hangs  a  bag  or  purfe,  by  a  long  Ibing,  as  alfo  her  beads  ;  con- 
lifting  of  30  fraall  pieces  and  4  large  ones.  On  this  ftone 
are  four  efcutcheons  in  brafs  : 

I.  AlUngton  and  Argenton  quarterly. 

1.  AlUngton  and  Argenton  quarterly  empaling  Drury. 

3.  AlUngton  and  Argenton  qviarterly  empaling  Gardener. 

4.  Drury  empaling,  chequee  a  fefs  ermine.      Calthorpe. 

whence  it  appears  that  this  ftone  is  for  Urfula,  fourth  daughter 
of  Sir  Robert  Drury  and  Ann  Calthorpe  :  Ihe  married  Giles,  Ion 
of  Sir  Giles  Allington  by  Mary  Gardener. 

At  the  head  of  the  laft  is  another  with  only  one  efcutcheon 
in  the  centre,  for  Jane  daughter  of  Sir  William  Saint  Maury 
firft  wife  of  Sir  WilUam  Drury,  who  will  be  next  mentioned  ; 
file  died  in  childbed  in  1517  ;  the  efcutcheon  is, 

Drury  empaling  quarterly,  i  quarterly,  2  chevrons,  2  eight 
pellets,  3,  2,  3.  3d  as  2d,  4th  as  ift.  2.  a  pheon.  3.  a  lyon 
palTant  guardant  femee  of  crofs  crolllets.  4.  3  efcallops  in  a 
border  engrailed. 

All  thefe  three  lafl:  had  infcriptions ;  but  I  fuppofe  an  un- 
fortunate orate  pro  anhna  was  their  ruin. 

On  the  top  of  an  altar  monument  of  SufTex  marble,  in  the 
fouth  eaft  corner  of  the  church,  is  the  portrait  in  brafs  of  a 
knight  in  armour,  between  his  two  wives,  about  two  feet  high, 
his  hair  is  clipped  fliort,  his  wifkers  and  parted  beard  are  long ; 
his  armour  is  flourillied  with  fome  different  metal,  with  large 
protuberances  at  the  flioulders  ;  at  his  neck  and  wrifts  are  fimilar 
narrow  ruffs  or  ruffles  ;  his  toes  are  very  broad.  The  ladies  are 
habited  both  alike ;  though  this  fliould  not  have  been,  for 
one  died  at  leafl:  40  years  before  the  other;  the  firft,   dying, 

H   2  as 


5-2  HISTORY    AND     A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S        [Chap.  II. 

as  has  been  faid  before,  in  15 17;  the  other  furviving  her 
hufoand,  as  is  reprefented  by  her  eyes  being  oj^en,  while  thofe 
of  the  other  are  dofed.  The  hair  had  now  been  drefled  for  fome 
time  in  a  much  lefs  forced  and  unnatural  falhion,  parted  in 
the  middle,  and  gracing-  each  temple.  The  cap,  now  be- 
come of  a  moderate  fize,  had  affiimed  a  not  inelegant  curve 
in  front,  and  was  embellifned  with  a  fillet  ;  the  mantle,  or 
upper  garment,  has  round  hanging  lleeves,  reaching  to  the 
ground  ;  the  ruffs  at  the  neck  and  wrifts  are  the  fame  as  the 
man's ;  as  are  alfo  the  broad  toes,  and  unbecoming  protuberances 
at  the  Ihoulders  ;  the  fexes,  it  is  obfervablc,  at  all  times  follow- 
ing each  other's  fafliion  in  feveral  particulars  of  their  drefs.  The 
beads  had  quitted  the  girdle,  and  given  place  to  the  bible,  which 
hung  by  a  ribbon  almoft  as  low  as  the  feet.  This  defcription 
has  been  the  more  minvite,  as  it  may  afcertain  the  date  of  fimilar 
figures,  that  have  loft  their  infcriptions.  The  age  of  thefe  is 
fixed  by  the  following  epitaph  on  a  brafs  plate: 

^ci'c  Ii^ctl)  fIot?)co  notD  in  caitlj  S\;r  E2Ipflm  SDrur^i,  fenvs()f, 

^iicf)  one  as  Uiijvlcft  Ije  I^Ijcd  Ijci'c  iuas  lotjco  of  ctocry  lui'gljt ; 

g>aclj  tcinpcrancc  Ijc  DpD  rcra^inc,  ftitij  prticcnt  ciirtcfi', 

%m\)  ncHc  nii'uoc,  iiiitf)  jtiflifc  jo^iiD  ftirfi  li'bcralitj,'; 

^3  fame  ptfelf  fijall  fouiiD  foj  me  t})c  slo:i?  of  Ijis  name 

Q9itc1)  better  tijcn  ti-is  metall  mute  can  aj?  pjcnotutcc  tl)c  fame. 

etc  Icticntlj  of  ficffv  Jan^Vcr,  tijc  vcrc  of  dljciff,  J  f^nu, 

i3  tjictifrtuti  f^'tjc  IjunDrcD  fs.'ftj,'  fc^eii  fjtiJ  'ovtM  tljrpiJ  untUiinD. 

ZZll)Q  ret  fctl;  ii.'i)c,  anD  fiiad  Do  ftyll,  in  ijcails  ef  tljcut  ^t  Unctu  ^pi. 

<iI5co  Qiwimt  i\)c  flvppcs  of  fucf;  a  ff cli  ii%  licrtiics  to  cnfiie  i)rm. 

Beneath  the  two  ladies  are  figures  of  feveral  children,  with 
their  names;  Robert,  William,  Henry,  Roger,  Anne,  Mary, 
Elizabeth,  Fraunces,  Bryget,  Wynefryd,  Urfula,  Audrey,  Do- 
rothy, Marget,   Kateryn,   Dorothy,   Elizabeth. 

The 


Chap.  II.]  O    F        H    A    W    S    T    E     D.  52 

The  monument  next  in  antiquity  to  this  is  a  mural  one  in  the 
fouth  eaft  corner  of  the  chancel.  It  confiils  of  a  bafemcnt  about 
3  feet  high,  on  which,  under  an  ornamented  arch,  hes  tlie  figure 
of  a  young  female  large  as  life,  her  head  reclining  on  her  left 
hand ;  her  mantle  is  drawn  clofe  about  her  neck,  and  edged  with 
a  fmall  ruff;  her  hair  is  in  many  fmall  and  Ihort  curls,  without 
any  cap  or  covering  ;  above  is  an  emblematical  female  perfonage, 
furrounded  with  a  glory,  and  fcattering  flowers  on  the  figure 
below  :  on  each  fide  of  the  bafement  fits  a  greyhound,  the  cog- 
nizance of  the  family.  This  is  a  very  pleafing  monument,  of 
painted  alabaftcr,  and  well  executed ;  only  difgraced  by  an  ugly 
death's  head.  All  fuch  reprefentations  and  emblems  as  this, 
bones  in  faltire,  &c.  I  could  wilh  to  fee  baniihed  from  fepulchral 
monuments  ;  they  are  difagreeable  objecSts  in  themfelves,  anfwer 
no  purjiofe  of  morality,  and  feem  not  confiflent  with  the  fpirit 
of  Chriiiianity,  which  never  paints  death  in  frightful  or  difguft- 
inf?  colours. 

The  infcription  on  a  tablet  of  black  marble  is, 

QUO  PERGAS,    VIATOR,    NON   HABES. 

AD    GADES    '   OMNIUM  VENISTI,     ETIAM  ET  AD  TUAS  : 

HIC  JACES,     SI    PROBUS    ES,     IPSE, 

IPSA   ETENIM  HIC  JACET   PROBITAS, 

ELIZABETHA, 

GUI   % 

CUM   UT,     IN    PULCHRITUDINE   ET   INNOCENTIA 

ANGELOS      AMULATA     STRENUE    FUERAT,      ID     ET    IN    HOC    PR^- 

STARE  NISA    EST, 
UT   SINE    SEXU    DEGERET  : 

'  The  word  is  plain  enough.    In  the  Monumenta  Anglicana  it  is  Cades,  with 
Cldda  q.  *  QuiE  q. 

IDEOQ.. 


54  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ.UIT1ES         [Chap.  11. 

IDEOQ^    CORPUS    INTACTUM,    QUA  FACTUM  EST   INTEGRITATE 
(PARADISUM  SINE    SERPENTE) 
DEO    REDDERE  VOLUIT. 
QU/E  NEC    ADEO  AVhJE  SPLENDORIBUS  ALLICEFACTA,  UT  A  SEMET 

EXULARET, 
NEC    ADEO   SIBIMET  COENOBIUM  FACTA,    UT  BE  SOCIETATI  DENE- 

GARET  : 

NEC  OB  CORPORIS  FORTUN^VE  DOTES  MINUS  IN  ANIMO  DOTATA; 

NEC  OB  LINGUARUM   PERITIAM  MINUS  TACITURNA. 

VITAM  MORTEMVE    NEC  PERT^SA,  NEC  INSECTATA, 

SINE  REMIS,  SINE  REMORIS, 

DEUM  DUCTOREM  SEQUTA, 

HUNC  PORTUM  POST  XV  FERE  ANNOS   ASSEQUTA. 

ROB.   DRURI  ECV  AUR.  ET   ANNA  UXOR, 

UNICA  FILIA,  ITAQUE  ET  IPSO  PARENTUM  NOMINE  SPOLIATI, 

HOC   MONUMENTUM    EXTRUENDO, 

FILIJE  SU/E  (eHEU   DEPERDIT^e)  ALIQUANTILLA  PR^SENTIA 

LUCTUOSISSIM^  SU^  ORBITATI  BLANDIUNTUR. 

SECESSIT 
ANNI  /ETAT.   XV  MENSE  X,  ET  SUI  JESU  CIDIOCX. 

Oppofite  the  latt  is  a  noble  mural  monument,  conlifting  of  a 
bafement,  on  which  is  a  farcophagus  of  black  marble,  beneath  a 
double  arch  fupported  by  Corinthian  pillars.  Over  the  arch,  in 
an  oval  frame,  is  a  mod  fpiritcd  bull:  in  armour,  large  as  life.  The 
%\  iirlike  implements  on  the  arch,  and  the  relt  of  the  ornaments, 
are  all  in  a  good  tafte.  This  is  a  performance  of  Nicholas  Stone, 
who  received  for  it  ^("140.  ' 

The  oval  frame  whicli  furrounds  the  bull  is  thus  infcribed  ; 

MEMORISE  GOLIEL  :    DRURIIEQUIT:    AUR: 
QUI   TRIBUNUS   MILITL'M   OBIIT   IN 

'  Anecdotes  of  Painting  in  Englaixl,  Vol.  II.  p.  28. 

GALLIA 


Chap-IM  OFHAWSTED.  S5 

GALLIA  ANNO  DOMINI    I589. 

HOC   MONUMENTUM  FIERI   JUSSIT 

ROBERTUS   DRURIUS  FIL.  EQUES   AUR  : 

UXOR   FACIENDUM    CURAVIT. 

Ill  two  compartments  over  the  farcophagus  is, 

ROBERTI     DRURT, 

QUO   VIX    ALTER   EJUS    ORDINIS    MAJORIBUS    MAJORIBUS   ORTUS, 

CUM    NEC    EPHOEBOS    EXCESSERAT, 

NEC    VESTEM    DE    PATERNA    MORTE    LUGUBREM    EXUERATj. 

EQuiT  :   aur:   honore  (nec  id  domi) 

SED    OBSIDIONE    RHOTOMAGENSI    anno    1 591     INSIGNITI, 

QUEM 

ET    BELLIC^    EXPEDITIONES, 

ET    EXTER.E    PEREGRINATIONES, 

ET    AULICyE    OCCUPATIONES, 

SATIS   (ipsa   INVIDIA,    QUA    SyEPE    TACTUS,   FRACTUS   NUNQUAM, 

teste)  INSTRUXERANT, 

tam  ad   EXERCITUS    DUCENDOS, 

QUAM   AD   LEGATIONES    PERAGENDAS, 

aut  res  CIVILES  PERTRACTANDAS, 
JAM   ANNO   SUO   40,    ET   SUIJESU    1615, 
ANIMA   SUMMA  CONSTANTIA,  EAQUE  CHRISTIANA,  DEO  TRADITA, 

bonorum  bona  parte  PAUPERIBUS, 

V.   ANTE  FEBREM   QUA   CORREPTUS,    ANNIS    (iDQUE  PERENNITER) 

EROGATA, 
CORPUS   OLIM   SPIRITUS   SANCM  TEMPLUM, 

■  anim^e  postliminio  reddendum, 

t 

TERR.E  postliminio   REDDI, 

HOC   LOCO  CURAVIT 

ANNA   UXOR, 

NEC  INF^CUNDA,    NEC    MATER  TAMEN, 

DOROTHE.E  ET   ELIZABETH/E  FILIARUM  ORBA, 

ILLUSTRI 


5^ 


HISTORY    AND    ANTIQJJITIES  [Chap.  11. 


ILLUSTRI   FAMILIA   BACON   ORrUNDA, 
cur  UiMCE   FTOC   DEDIT    DEUS    STIRPI, 

ut  pater  et    filius   eodeivt  munere,    eoque  summo  fun- 

gekentitr, 

nicolao  patre  sigilli  custode, 

francisco  filio  cancellario. 

etiam' 

officio   erga   defunctum  pie,   pie  functa, 

hoc   quod   restat  saxi  spatium  % 

quie  de  ipsa  dicenda  erunt   inserendis, 

(ita  velit  deus,   ita  velint  illi) 

posteris  reliquit. 

On  two  fmall  x^annels  in  the  bafement : 


Dorothea  Roberti  et  Anna3 
Drury  filiola  pulcherrima,  annis 
4  nata,  mortiia,  hoc  etiaiii 


tumulo  tegitur. 


She  little  promis'd  much. 
Too  foon  untide  : 

She  only  dreamt  (he  liv'd. 
And  then  fhe  dyde. 


The  two  laft  epitaphs  are,  I  apprehend,  from  the  pen  of  Dr. 
Donne.  His  connedion  with  the  family  makes  the  fuppofition 
probable  ;  and  the  fingularity  of  the  expreffion,  "  Anno  fui  Jefu," 
in  both  of  thefe,  and  in  his  own  written  by  himfelf,  feems  to  con- 
firm it. 

Contiguous  to  the  Lift  but  one  is  another  large  mural  monu- 
ment, confifting,  as  the  laft,  of  a  farcophagus  on  a  bafement,  over 
which  is  a  lofty  entablaiure,  fupported  by  two  fquare  fluted  pil- 
lars of  the  Ionic  order,  and  furmounted  by  a  large  cfcutcheon  of 
the  arms  and  creft.,  The  whole  is  made  of  a  white  hard  plafter, 
painted  of  a  dark  grey  colour,   and  orn-am^ented  with  gilding  and 

r.l  j.im  q. 

The  {"pace  continues  uninfcribed,  no  friendly  hand  having  been  ^found  to  fill 


-,)  the  void. 


flowers. 


Chap.  II.]  OFHAWSTED.  57 

flowers.  It  was  the  work  of  an  Italian  '  ;  for  in  the  fteward's 
accounts  in  the  year  1675,  I  find  ^^5.  were  three  times  ad- 
vanced "  to  the  Itahan  on  account  of  the  monument."  And  on 
the  north  fide  of  the  arch  that  divides  the  church  and  chancel 
the  artift  has  thus  recorded' his  own  name  and  performance. 

DiAciNTo:  cowcij  :  fecit:  de:   monument©,    1675. 

It  is  rather  a  heavy  performance,  and  fcarcely  juflifies  the  em- 
ploying of  a  foreign  workman  in  preference  to  a  native.  A 
tablet  over  the  farcophagus  has  this  infcription  in  gold  letters : 

GLORIA 

DEQ. 

QUiERIS,    VIATOR,    QUORSUM.  MONIMENTUM 
HOC   ERIGITUR? 
EST  VERUM  RELIGIONIS   EXEMPLAR 

ocuLis  Tuis  proponere; 

ET  VIRTUTUM   (eTIAM    THURICREMo) 
MENTEM   INFLAMARE  ZELO. 
HABES   ENIM   SUB   OBSCURO    HOC     MARMORE 
SACROS  ET   PERQUAM   CHAROS   CINERES 

d'ni  THOMiE  Cullum  baronetti  ; 

QUI    ADEO  VIXIT,    UT  EUM  VIXJSSE 
NEMiNE    POENITERE   POSSIT. 

fuit  ENIM  Deo  devotissimus, 

PROXIMO    CHARISSIMUS, 
UNICUIQUE   GRATISSIMUS. 

■  There  is  another  monument,  evidently  of  the  fame  artift,  but  upon  a  much 
fmaller  fcale,  in  the  chancel  of  Mildenhall  Church,  for  Sir  Henry  North,  Bart,  who 
died  in  1O71.     The  Norths  and  CuUums  were  at  that  time  clofely  conne<Sed  by 


marriage. 


CON- 


58  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQJJITIES         [Chap.  II. 


CONJUX   CHAlStlS':    ■ 
PARENS   PELICANO  CHARIOR. 
FIDEI    POTESTATE,         ) 
SPEI    FIRMITATE,  [vERUS  ChRISTI 

5  MORUM   SUAVITATE,       f  DISCIPULUS. 

MENTIS  HUMILITATE,  ) 

CiETERA   MEMORENT  PAUPERUM  LINGUAE, 
NEQ.UEUNT    RHETORUM  PENN^. 
HIC   HEROS   XTIANUS   EXUVIAS   MORTIS 
(PRiETER   QUAS   NIHIL  HAbUIT  MORTALE) 
EXUEBAT,  ET    OBDORMIEBAT  Vl°  APRILIS 
A'NO  D'NI  MDCLXIV,  ET    ^TATIS    SUyE 
LXXVII. 

A  flat  flab  of  black  marble  at  the  foot  of  the  laft,  has  this : 

Hie, 

Animis  coelo  reddicis, 

Depofuerunt 
Gorporuni  exuvias 
Rev'dus  Georgius  Pitches, 
Glim  hujus  ecclefice 
Paftor  fidiffimus ; 
Et 
Sara  uxor  ejus  chariffima : 
Quorum  morum  probitatem, 
Turn  vit£e  per  omnia  fandtimoniam 
Superllites 
(Quod  poflunt  maxime) 
^mulentur« 
Obierunc 
Hic  A.  D.  1672."!  f  Ilia  A.  D.  1706. 
JEtnt.  {use  65.       J  \  ^tat.  fuie  90. 
Sarah  Tyrrel  filia  eorum  nata  maxima 
In  infigne  pietatis  erga  defunftos 
Hoc  marmor  pofuit. 


On 


Chap.  II.]  O    F       H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  Sj 

On  a  flat  flab  of  white  marble,  bordered  with  black,  clofe  ta 
the  crofs-legged  figure,  is  this ; 

Hie  infra  fitus  eft 

Thomas  Cullum 

Frater  natu  minor  Dudleii  Cullum,  Bar'ti, 

Obiit  2  2  die  Decembris, 

.        fRedemptionis,  1700. 
Anno-J   Tp^    .  V         o 
\_^tatis  fuas,  38. 

Cui  tanta  fuit,  etiam  in  hac  turba,  animi  ferenitas, 

Tantus  amoris  et  harmonic  aiFedus, 

Ut  lubitus  et  inopinatus  ejus  decefius 

Fidem  fecefit, 

HarmOnicos  angelorurii  choros 

Animam  iis  adeo  fimilem  et  adoptivam 

Intempeftive 

(Ut  nobis  accidit) 

Rapuifle. 

Intrepida  pone  reliquit  angelos 

Surfum  celeriter  exurgens  anima ; 

Et  quam  primum  cantus  cslicolarum  audit. 

Voce  baud  minus  divina 

Ipfa  cantabat. 

On  three  mural  tablets  on  the  north  fide  of  the  chancel, 
adorned  with  neat  pillars,  &c,  of  marble,  are  the  following, 
infcriptions ; 

Hie  jacet 

Quod  mori  potuit 

D'ni  Dudleii  Cullum,  Baronetti ; 

Viri,  non  una  fed  multis, 

lifque  prajftantiffimis  virtutibus  infignitu 

Nimkum  Dei  Optim.  Maxim,  affiduus 

Et  fmcerus  erat  venerator: 

Regiae  m  ijeftatis  fidelis  fubditus, 

Pairije  amator  fortis, 

Libertatis  vindex  acerrimus. 

Nee  vitae  p:  ivats  minus  indaruit 

Ornamcntis : 

I  z  S  radio 


^o  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q.U  I  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  II. 

Studio  conjugal!  erga  binas  uxores 

Nedum  fuperandus, 

Vix  fuit  aflequendus, 

Et  ne  te  diutius  morer 

Ledor 

Summa  erga  omnes  humanitate 

Celeberrimus. 

Cui  parem  non  facile  nos  invenimus. 

Nee  pofteri  funt  vifuri. 

^,  ..  fwffiltati.s  Lxiii°. 

Obut  anno  <  o  i  .•  o 

{_SalutlS  MDCCXX". 

Depinge,  Marmor, 

Sublimem,  juftam  tamen,  iconem  hon'lis  Ann:e 

FilijE  auguftilHtni  Joh'is  d'ni  Berkley,  Baronis  de  Stratton, 

Et 

Dilefliffims  uxoris  d'ni  Dudleii  Cullum  de  Hawfled  Bar'ti, 

Cujus  egregia  lam  externa  quam  interna  ornamenta 

(Numero  et  fplendore 

GalaxicE  fimilia) 

Qiiaquaverfum  efFulgebant. 

Inaffeftatam  humilitatem  in  fecundisj 

Inexhauftam  patientiam  in  adverfis, 

DifFufam  charitatem  pauperibus, 

Benignam  clennentiam  univerfis  -, 

Precipue 

Catholicam  pietatem  Deo 

Huj'JS  priEclarse  Fcemin;e 

(nunc  ccelicolffi)  '    ""'* 

Agnofcebant  mail ; 

Maximi  pendebant  omnes* 

Nofce  ergo,  viator, 

"Quod  fortunae  cOrporifque  dotibus 

Erat  illuftris, 

Natu  illuftrior, 

Virtute  illuftriffima. 

Abi, 

iEftima,  et  lemulare. 

J-.I  ••  fiEtatis  XLiinl. 

Obiit  anno<  n  i  .- 

j^Salutis  MD.CClX'!. 

Marmor, 


Cfaap.  11.3  OFHAWSTED.  6i 

Marmor, 

Tandem  infcriptum  feras, 

(Quod  ipfe  olim  voluit  et  curavit) 

Hie  juxta  requiefcere 

Annam,  alteram 

D'ni  Dudleii  CuUum,  Bar'ti,  uxorem: 

Quie  fanguine  ilium  attingens, 

Virtutibus  autem  conjundtior, 

A  teneris  annis  intra  caftum  ejus  limen 

Enutrita, 

Difciplinis  optimis  ab  ipfo  inflituta, 

Vifa  eft  precipue  digna, 

Ut  fibi  in  matrlrr.onium  adfcifceretur, 

Orbitatis  fuze,  et  jam  ingravefcentis  statis 

Obleftamentum  et  folatiurp. 

Huic  vero  fuperftes, 

Secundas  experta  eft  nuptias 

Cum  revcrendo  viro  Johanne  Fulham, 

Honefta  gente  orto, 

Et  de  Compton  in  agro  Surrienti  redore  '. 

Ita  dcineeps  per  quindecim  annos  vivitur, 

Ut  merito  dubium  fit. 

An  eflet  amantior  ille. 

An  h£Ec  amabilior  ^. 

Nempc  unum  quemque  vitse  ftatiim 

Pietate,  fide,  prudentia 

Morum  fuavitate  exornans, 

r\<-  r  iEtatis  Lii. 

Obnt  anno  <  ^  ^ 

LSalutlS  MDCCXXXVII- 

Another  mural  monument  of  marble,  near  the  laft,  Is  thus 
infcribed : 

To  the  facred  memory 

of  Dame  Anna  Cullum, 

wife  of  Sir  Jafper  Cullum, 

of  Hawfted  Place,  Baronet, 

She  lived  and  died 

a  pattern  of  piety,  charity,  and  humility, 

on  the  9th  of  Feb.  1735-6. 

aged  56  years. 

'  He  dfed  at  Compton,  io  July,  1777,  aged  80,  being  then  alfo  archdeacon  of  LandafT,  csmn 
of  Wiiidior,  and  vicar  of  lileworth. 

*  The  attradlions  of  a  lady,  iwelve  years  older  than  her  huftand,  may  be  eafily  gueflcd  at. 
— — •  Cupid  took  his  ftand. 
Upon  a  H'idovr's  joiuturclaivd. 

On 


62  HISTORY    AND    ANTI  Q^U  1  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  IL 

On  a  flat  ftone  near  the  chancel  door  is. 

To  the  refpedled 

IMemory  of  the  Rev. 

Mr.  John  Smith,  A.  M. 

Redlor  of  this  parilh 

Twenty-three  years. 

And  of  Elizabeth 

his  beloved  mother. 

She  departed  this  life 

3d  Oft.  1740. 

He 2d  Jan.  1762. 

aged  54. 

In  the  middle  of  the  church,  oppofite  the  reading-defk,  a  flat 
flab  of  black  marble,  bears  this  infcription  : 

In  a  vault  beneath  this  ftone  are  depofited 
the  R.emains  of 
Sir  John  Cullum,  Baronet, 
the  only  ifTue  of  Sir  Jafper  Cullum,  Baronet. 

His  firfl:  wife  was  Jane  daughter  and  heir  of  Thomas  Deane  of  Freefolk,  in 
Hamplhire,  Efq-,  by  whom  he  had  oue  daughter  who  died  an  infant;  his  fecond 
(whom  he  left  an  inconfolable  widow,  and  who  dedicates  to  his  memory  this  flight 
teftimony  of  her  affeftion)  was  Sulannah,  fecond  daughter  and  coheir  of  Sir  Thomas 
Gery,  of  Great  Ealing,  in  Middlefex,  knight,  by  whom  he  had  twelve  children, 
feven  only  of  whom,- John,  Thomas-Gery,  James,  Sul'anna,  Ifabella,  Jane,  Mary, 
felt  the  affliftion  of  furviving  his  death,  which  was  on  the  i6th  of  January,  1774, 

in  his  75th  year. 

Stop,  Reader,  nor  with  heedlefs  fteps  pafe  by, 

Where  all  the  amiable  virtues  lie. 

Open  and  candid  through  life's  ev'ry  part, 

Whate'cr  he  fpoke  flow'd  genuine  from  the  heart. 

Himfelf  thus  guilelefs,  he  fufpefted  none. 

And  fuffer'd  many  wrongs,  but  ne'er  did  one. 

Though  clouds  o'ercaft  this  good  man's  middle  day. 

Bright  he  beheld  his  fun's  declining  ray. 

At  kit,  all  peace  and  harmony  within. 

His  body  free  from  pain,  his  foul  from  fin, 

He  pafs'd  to  heav'n  without  one  groan  or  figh  — 

God  grant  me  thus  to  live,  and  thus  to  die. 
Moft  honour'd,  beft  of  fathers,  thus  a  fon 

Wiih  painful  piety  infcribcs  this  ftone. 

T.  R.  S.  I.  C.  B. 

A  flat 


Chap  no  O    F        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  6j 

A  flat  black  marble  near  the  font,  has  this  : 

Beneath  this  ftone  lie  the  remains  of  Ellen  the  wife  of  Chriftopher  Metcalfe,  of 
this  parifh,  efq;  who,  at  the  age  of  41  years,  was  torn  from  her  alliidl-ed  family  and 
friends,  oa  the  6th  of  March,  1775. 


RECTORS. 

The  following  lift  is  taken  partly  from  bifliop  Tanner's  index  ' 
to  the  inftitution  books,  preferved  with  them  in  the  bilhop's 
office  at  Norwich,  partly  from  the  books  themfelves,  and  partly 
from  the  parilh  regifter.  The  two  firft  articles  are  the  bifliop's 
own  notes. 

Regiftrum  nigrum  S.  Edm.  fol.  171.  Abbas  et  conventus  quiet, 
clam,  et  remifit  Thome  Noel  et  hered.  advoc.  eccl'ie  de  Halftead, 
I  Henry  II. 

Regiftrum  Alb.  S.  Edm.  fol.  278.  14  Edward  I.  Thomas  fil. 
Euftachii  (capitalis  d'n's  ville)  tenet  advoc.  ecc. 

1  kal.  Apr.  i3o8,Rogerus  fil.  Euftachii  de  Halfteade,  ad  pref. 
d'ni  Thome  fil.  Euftachii  mil.  et  d'ne  Joanne  la  Colevyle  de  Hal- 
ftede  matris  fue,  patronorum  ejufdem. 

4  kal.  Jul.  1330,  Jo'ES  fil.  Wili'i  de  Bradfield  de  Radfwell,  ad 
pref.  d'ne  Alicie  de  Grey  hac  vice  vere  patrone  ejufdem. 

10  Nov.  1 36 1,  Jo'es  de  Bedford,  ad  pref.  Wili'i  Clopton,  mil. 

8  Mar.  1404.  Clemens  Cooke  preft).  ad  pref.  Wili'i  Coggefl:iall 
de  Clare. 

19  Mali,  1422,  Rob.  Ive,  per  lib.  refig.  Clem.  Cooke,  ad  pref. 
Roberti  Clerk,  reitoris  de  Waldingfield,  Wili'i  Clopton,  arm. 
Roberti  Cooke  de  Lavenham,  verorum  ipfius  ecc.  patronorum. 

26  Junii,  1422,  GiLBERTUs  Mylde,  de Stradefliillj  prefbyter,  ad 
pref.  Rob.  Cooke,  per  lib.  refig.  Roberti  Ive.     This  was  a  family 

'  This  index  is  a  work  of  great  labour,  and  extremely  ufeful  to  thofe  who  waiit 
to  procure  the  regular  fucceffion  of  the  incumbents  of  any  particular  parilh ;  it 
was  made  in  the  beginning  of  this  century,  when  the  compiler  was  chancellor  of 
Norwich. 

of 


64  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES         [Chap.  IF. 

of  note  inthefe  parts.     The  feat  of  the  Cloptons  at  Kentwell,  in 
Melford,  was  acquired  by  marriage  with  an  heirefs  of  this  name. 
2.6  Mar.  1453,   Will.  Colman,  ad  pref.  Jo'is  Ciopton,  arm. 

21  Dec.  1456,  magifter  Thomas  Coote,  in  deer.  Baccalau- 
reus,  ad  pref.  ejufdem,  per  hb.  refig.  Will.  Colman. 

18  Jan.  1505,  Thomas  THORNEY,per  lib.  refig.  Tho.  Coote, 
ad  pref.   Roberti  Drury,  mil. 

1  r  Jul.  1526,  d'n's  Will.  Eglyn,  prefbyter,  ad  pref.  Rob. 
Drury,  mil.  He  refigned,  I  fuppofe,  fome  years  before  his  death ; 
for- he  was  witnefs  to  a  will  in  1554,  under  the  title  of  Sir 
William  Eglyn,  clerke. 

22.  Jul.  1547,  Will.  Sibotson,  capellanus,  ad  pref.  WilL 
Drury,  mil.  He  was  witnefs  to  the  wills  of  two  of  his  female  pa- 
ri fii  ion  ers,  in  which  he  was  called  their  curate  ;  and  in  one  of 
them,  dated  1552,  parfon  of  Hawfted.  He  was  buried  1 9  April 
1565.      He  had  alfo  the  contiguous  re(5lory  of  Nowton. 

22  Maii,  1565,  Ric.  Adams,  ad  pref.  Eliz.  Drury,  vid.  et 
reliift.  Will.  Drury,  mil.  He  was  chaplain  to  the  earl  of  Bath,  and 
buried  here  28  July,   1601, 

2  Dec.  1601,  Jos.  Hall,  A.  M.  ad  pref.  Rob.  Drury,  mil. 
He  was  afterwards  billiop  of  Exeter  and  Norwich,  well  known 
for  his  learned  and  pious  writings,  as  well  as  for  his  fufferings. 
This  living  was  his  firft  ecclefiaftical  preferment,  to  which  he  was 
invited  by  a  letter  from  lady  Drury,  which  was  delivered  him 
in  the  ftreet  as  he  was  going  to  receive  from  julge  Popham  the 
appointment  to  the  mafterfliip  of  Tiverton  fchool  in  Devonffiire. 
He  accepted  moft  thankfully  the  lady's  oSer,  faying  he  was  going 
to  the  weft,  but  God  had  pulled  him  back,  and  he  muft  turn 
eaftward.  Being  thus  fettled  in  the  fweet  and  civil  country  cf 
Suffolk,  as  he  expreffes  it,  his  firft  work  was  to  rebuild  his  ruinous 
parfonage-houfe  ;  which,  if  -we  may  judge  from  its  prefent  ap- 
pearance, he  did  in  a  very  humble  ftyle  of  architedture.     About 

two 


Chap.  ILJ  O    F        H     A    W    S    T    E    D.  65 

two  years  after,  he  manicd  a  daughter  of  Mr.  George  Wenyeve, 
of  Brettenham,  in  this  county  ;  and  his  eldell:  fon  Robert  was 
chrirtened  here,  26  Dec.  1605.  That  year  he  attended  Sir 
Edmund  Bacon  to  the  Spa  ;  and  in  that  journey  had  an  oppor  - 
tunity  to  inform  himfclf,  with  his  own  eyes,  of  the  ftate  and 
pradtices  of  the  Romiih  church.  Upon  his  return,  he  found 
not  that  fatisfatftion  which  he  expelled  in  this  place ;  his  patron 
Sir  Robert  Drury  refufing  to  reftore  to  the  re61:ory  about  ten 
pounds  a  year,  and  inlifting,  as  tradition  reports,  upon  his  ac- 
ceptance of  a  modus  for  the  herbage  of  the  park.  By  this  un- 
juft  detention,  as  he  called  it,  the  living  was  not  a  competent 
maintenance,  and  he  was  forced  to  write  books  in  order  to  buy 
fome.  He  refolved  therefore  to  embrace  the  firft  opportunity  of 
quitting  this  place,  which  he  did  in  1608,  when  lord  Denny 
gave  him  the  donative  of  Waltham  Holy  Crofs  in  Eflex.  I  con- 
jedlure  he  did  not  much  refide  here  :  for  during  his  time  there 
are  not  above  two  years  in  the  regifter  of  the  fame  hand.  While 
he  did  refide,  he  preached  three  times  a  week.  Till  within  a  few 
years,  there  was  (as  I  am  informed  by  a  gentleman  who  has  feen. 
it)  in  the  parfonage-houfe,  a  plate  of  lead,  with  his  motto, 
Imiim  nolo.  Siimmum  neqiieo.  ^iefco:  adopted,  I  fuppofe,  when 
he  firft  fettled  here,  and  exprefiive  of  a  mind,  not  totally  un- 
ambitious, yet  content :  and  it  is  probable,  if  his  fituation  here 
had  been  comfortable,  he  would  have  lived  and  died  in  the  fame 
obfcurity  with  his  predeceflbrs  and  fucceffors  in  this  recflory.  He 
died  under  lequeftration  and  in  poverty,  8  Sept.  1656,  in  his 
Sad  year,   and  was  buried  at  Heigham,  near  Norwich. 

4 Jul.  1608,  EzEKiEL  Edgar,  clericus,.  in  Art.  Mag.  fuper  preef. 
Roberti  Drury,  mil.  vacan.  per  refignationem  ult.  incumb.  He 
was  deprived  of  this  recftory  in  1643,  by  the  fame  fatal  ordinance 
that  eje6ted  his  predeceffor  from  his  biflioprick  :  but  refided  here 
till   his  death,  which  was   in  1648;   and  he   is  entered,  in   the 

K  regifter 


C6  11  1  S  r  O  R  Y     AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S.  [Ghap.  It 

regiller,  parfon  of  Halfted.  He  had  a  fon  of  both  his  names, 
horn  in  1620  ;  and,  in  a  feoffment  of  1647,  llyled  Ezekiel  Edgar 
the  younger,  clerk.  lie  was  admitted  to  the  re6lory  of  Great 
Stanmore,   in  Middlefex,   in  1662,   and  died  the  next  year. 

1  643,  Theophilus  Luddington  became  recTtor  upon  Edgar's 
deprivation.  It  is  needlefs  to  fay,  his  name  occurs  not  in  the 
inllitution  Book.  He  had  the  good  fortune  to  retain  his  pre- 
ferment after  the  Reftoration,  when  many,  who  had  been  put 
into  the  hvings  of  deprived  minifters,  were  in  their  turn  difpof- 
feffed.     He  was  buried  here  24  June,  1D70. 

Upon  his  death,  the  inhabitants  prefented  a  petition  to  the 
patron,  recommending  a  fucceflbr  in  the  redory.  This  petition, 
as  it  is  not  very  long,  and  for  its  decency  and  good  fenfe  might 
ferve  as  a  model  for  llmilar  addrelTes,   is  inferted  here  at  length. 

To  the  right  wordiipful  Sir  Thomas  CuUum,  knight  and  bart. 

The    humble  petition   of  the   inhabitants    of  the  town  of 
lialiled 

Sheweth, 

That  whereas  it  hiath  plcafed  God  to  take  from  us,  by  death, 
our  late  incuml)ent  Mr.  Luddington,  who,  by  reafon  of  his 
long  and  languilhiiig  iicknefs,  was  not  able  by  himfelf  to  officiate 
or  fupply  his  cure  for  feveral  years  before  his  death ;  but  did, 
with  your  worlliip's  confent,  and  our  very  good  likeing,  procure 
the  fame  to  be  fupplied  by  Mr.  John  Smith,  who  hath  officiated 
and  fupplied  the  cure  for  thefe  three  years  laft  pall  and  upwards, 
with  extraordinary  care  and  pains ;  whofe  knowledge,  integrity, 
and  quiet  and  peaceable  living  and  converfation,  hath  fufficiently 
appeared  and  been  fliewn  to  us,  during  the  faid  time.  Wherefore 
"vve  whofe  names  are  fubfcribed,  out  of  the  tender  care  both  for 

ourfelves 


€hap.  II.]  OF        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  6y 

ourfelves  and  the  reft  of  the  parifli,  do  freely,  voluntarily,  and 
of  our  own  accord  (in  this  matter,  wherein  not  only  our  bodies 
and  eftates,  but  our  fouls  alfo  are  highly  concerned)  moffc 
humbly  requelt  and  befeech  your  worfhip,  that  the  faid  Mr,  John 
Smith  (of  whofe  abilities  and  good  life  and  converfation  we  have 
had  fuificient  knowledge  and  alTurance)  may  be  ftill  continued 
amongft  us,  and  fettled  as  our  minifter,  and  have  the  benefice 
conferred  ujxjn  him  ;  or  that  your  worfhip  will  pleafe  to  refpite 
the  fettling  of  any  man  in  that  place,  until  your  return  into  the 
country  :  and  that  we  may  not  have  a  ftranger  impofed  upon  us, 
M'hofe  learning,  hfe  and  manners,  we  (liall  be  altogether  ignorant 
of.  And  your  petitioners,  as  in  duty  bound,  &c.  Thomas  Gilly, 
Edward  Sparke,  Sufan  Hammond,  Sufan  Edgar,  John  Moflcj. 
Thomas  Page,  John  Sparke.  Churclirwardens,  Charles  Sparrow, 
Ambrofe  Death. 

This  modeft  and  fenfible  application,  for  fome  reafon  or  other, 
proved  ineffed;ual,  for 

1670,  George  Pitches  was  prefented,  Sir  Thomas  Gullum^. 
bartu  patron;  he  enjoyed  his  preferment  but  a  fhort  time,  being 
buried  here  17  March,  1672. 

1672,  John  Harris.  The  fame  patron.  He  was  buried  here 
4  Feb.  1689. 

1689,  Anthony  Pitches.  Sir  Dudley  Cullum,  bart.  patron. 
From  feveral  letters  I  have  from  him  to  his  friend  and  patron  Sir 
Dudley,  he  appears  to  have  been  a  man  of  good  underftanding, 
and  morals.      He  was  buried  here  17  Aug.    1720. 

1720,  Richard  Pitches,  fucceeded  his  father.  The  fame 
patron.  He  was  buried  here  12  0(5t.  1727. 

1727,  Richard  Williams.  Sir  Jafper  Cullum,  bart.  patron. 
He  gave  a  bond  of  refignation  ;  but  would  not  quit,  till  com- 
gelled  by  a  law-fuit. 

K   2  17313^ 


68   .  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y   -A  N  D     A  N  T  I  Q.U  I  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  II. 

1737' John  Smith.  The  fame  patron.  He  was  fon  of  Mr. 
William  Smith  of  Southampton  and  Elizabeth  his  wife;  and 
grandfon  of  captain  John  Smith,  of  Leckford-abbefs,  in  Han.ts. 
His  mother  was  buried  here  in  1740,  when  he  inferted  the  above 
note  of  his  family  in  the  regii^er.  He  was  buried  here  8  Jan. 
1762. 

20  April,  1762,  John  Cullum,  M.  A.  fellow  of  Catharine 
Hallj  Cambridge :  his  father  pati on.  He  was  born  2 1  June,  1733; 
and  educated  at  Bury  School ;  whence  he  went  to  Catharine-Hall, 
Cambritlge,  of  which,  after  having  taken  the  degrees  of  batchelor 
and  mailer  of  arts,  he  was  eledled  fellow,  7  Dec.  1759.  hi  March, 
1774,  he  became  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries;  in  De- 
cember that  year,  was  inll:ituted  to  the  living  of  Great  Thurlow, 
in  this  county;  in  March  1775,  "^^'^^  elected  a  Fellow  of  the 
Royal  Society;  and  in  this  year  1784,  is  innocently  at  leaft 
amufing  himielf  in  compiling  the  hiftory,  fach  as  it  is,  of  his 
native  place. 


Some  Extrads  from  the  Church  Regifters  '  ;  the  firft  of  which 

begins  in  i  558. 

The  huriall  of  Joane  Grene,  wedow,  and  fifter  to  William  Seboifon,  parfon  of 
HawPted  and  Newton,   i  Feb.  1560. 

The  biiriall  of  Mrs.  Anne  Wenteworth,  wedow,   26  Nov.  15^1. 

The  chrirteninge  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Rookwood,  dauglitcr  oi  Mr.  Robert  Rook- 
wood  the  younger,   26  Jan.  IJ03. — She  wab  buried  29th. 

The  chrillemng  cf  Henry  Drury,  the  fon  of  Mr.  Henry  Drury,  28  June,  1564. 
Me  was  buried  the  fame  day. 

The  chrilkning  of  Elizabeth  Drury,  daughter  of  Mr.  Robert  Drury,  of  Rougham, 
14  July,  1564. 

'  Church  Rcp;lfters  were  firft  enjoined  to  be  kept,  by  Cromwell  the  king's  vicegerent  in  fi)iritu,il 
affairs,  in  1538,  jiift  upon  the  dilfokuion  of  relif;i<nis  houltf.  Tn  :i;47>  Edward  VI.  enjoined 
the  fame  ;  as  did  Elizabeth  in  1559;  from  whicli  laft  period,  thele  parochial  records  were  in 
general  kept  with  tolerable  regnlaiity  ;  and  lince  the  aboluioa  of  huiuihtiones  [kjIi  mortem  by 
Clt-arles  II.  arc  the  bell  evidences  of  family  delccnts. 

The 


Chap.  II.]  OF         H     A     W     S     T     E     D.  69 

The  chriftening  of  Henry  Rookwood,  fon  unto  Mr.  Robert  Rookwood,  25 
Feb. 1564. 

William  Sebotfon,  parfon  of  Hawfted,  was  buried  19  April,  1565. 

The  mariage  of  Mr.  John  Tirril,  of  Gipping,  and  Dame  Mary  Corbett,  24 
June,  1565. 

The  I  ith  day  of  November,  1565,  et  Re.  Elizabeth,  7th,  was  baptized  Mr. 
Henry  Dniry,  the  fon  of  Henry  Drury  Efquire,  and  born  the  Tuefday  night  before, 
the  7th  Nov. 

Met.  That  Margarett  Sparke  gave  to  the  repay.nng  of  the  church  iijs.  iiijd.  paid 
by  William  her  fonne. 

Anno  Domini   1575. 

M3.  That  Mr.  Robert  Drury,  the  firil  fonne  ot  Mr.  William  Drury  cfquire,  was 
born  30  Jan.  betwixt  4  and  5  of  the  clock  in  the  morning  ',  the  Sunne  in  Libra 
anr.o  1574,  at  Durham  Houfe,  within  the  Precindl  of  Weftminfter. 

Dame  Elizabeth  Drury,  wedow,  late  wife  of  the  right  vvorfliipfuU  Sir  Wm.  Drury, 
knight,  was  buried  20  Maye.  Eadem  F.lizabetha  animam  in  manus  <fni  commen- 
davit,    19°  hora  media  int.   5  et  6  mane. 

1576.  Mrs.  Frauncis  Drury,  daughter  of  Mr.  William  Drury,  efquire,  was  born 
8  June,  between  twelve  and  one  of  the  clock  after  noone,  and  was  baptized  the 
13th,  being  Wednefdaie  in  Whitlon  Week. 

1577.  Mr.  Edward  Barnes  and  Mrs.  Dorothe  Drury  were  married  26  Auauft. 
■157  ».     Mrs.  Elizabeth  Drury,  the  lecond  daughter  of  Sir  William  Drurv,  knroht 

was  born  4  Jan.  in  Eflex,  at  my  Lord  Kiche  his  place,  ut  die*. 

From  1^81  to  1587,  the  regifler  is  dcfcftive. 

1587.     Mr.  George  Parker,  and  Mrs.  Auderie  Drury,  were  married  ;8  Dec. 

1589.  The  funerall  of  the  right  worfl:iipfu!l  Sir  William  Drury,  knight,  was 
executed  10  March. 

1601.     Mr.  Richard  Addams,  parfon  of  Hawftcd,  was  buried  28  July, 

1604.  John  Crofts,  the  fonne  of  William  Crofts,  Gentleman,  was  baptized 
21  Oftober. 

1605.  Robert  Halle,  the  fonne  of  Jofeph  Halle,  was  baptlfed  26  Dec. 

1606.  Barbary  Powell,  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Crofts,  was  buried   14  April. 

1610.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Drury,  daughter  to  Sir  Robert  Drury,  was  buried  17  Dec, 

161 1.  Ezekiel  Edgar  and  Sulan  Ward  were  married  16  Odlober. 

1613.  The  rcgiller  is  figned  for  the  firft  time  by  Ezekiel  Edgar,  reftor  eccfa:. 
and  Gilbert  Spalding  and  Robert  Nunn,  Church-wardens. 

16 1 5.  The  funeralls  of  the  right  worfliipfuU  '"ir  Hubert  Drury,  of  Hawflcad, 
knight,  were  celebrated,  and  nis  corpie  buritd  in  Hawllcd  cl.urch  cliancell,  1  June. 

1621.  I'hefe  are  to  tellify  and  acknowledge,  that  Sulan  Lillye,  the  wife  of 
Thomas,  dwelling  and  dying  in  the  Dayrie-houfe  of  Hawflcad  Houfe,  was,  with 
the  confcnt  and  leave  of  Mr.  Tlomas  Rewfe,  on  my  lady  Wraye's  behalf,  and 
Ezekiel  Edgar,  parfon  of  Hawflead  then  being,  on  the  Churche's  behalf,  upon 
fpccial  delyrc,  carrycd  to  Whcpflead  chuich  to  be  buried  tiiere,  28  Nov.  " 

The  rcafon  of  this  minureiiefs    prob.ihly  was,   that,  wlien  his   fortune  was   to   be   hereafter 
told,   the  Alhologcr  would  want  to  be  informed  of  the  prccifc  time  of  his  biitli. 
*  Li  i6j6  there  is  another  entry  of  the  like  cautious  and'jcalous  import. 

1624. 


70  HISTORY     AND    A  N  T  I  QJ7  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  IL. 

1624.  The  buryall  of  the  right  worfhipfiill  lady  the  lady  Anne  Drury,  widow, 
once  the  wife  of  the  right  worfhipfiill  Sir  Robert  Drury  lord  of  Hawftead.  Shee 
dyed  in  Hardwick  Houfe,  5  June,  about  ten  o'clock  in  the  night,  and  was  buryed 
jp  Hawflead  church  chancel,  6  June,  about  eleven  o'clock  in  the  nighr. 

1627.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Ayfcoghc,  the  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Ayfcoghe,  and 
the  lady  Frances  his  wife,  was  baptized  15  Nov. 

1634.  Anne  Wingfield,  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Anthony  Wingfield,  Captayne, 
and  Anne  his  wife,  was  baptized  26  Feb. buried  17  Sep.  1638. 

1636.     Mr.  Thomas  Coventrye  was  buried  18  Aug. 

1638.  Anthonie  Wingfield,  the  fonne  of  Anthonie  Wingfield,  Captayn,  and 
Anne  his  wife,  was  baptized  23  May. 

1648.     Mr.  Ezckicl  Edgar,  parfon  of  Haldead,  was  buried  15  Feb. 

From  1653,  to  the  Reftoration,  marriages  were  performed  by  the  civil  officers  at 
Bury ;  and  fome  of  this  pariih  were  (o  married  there,  as  I  have  feen  in  the  regifter 
of  that  town. 

1653.  17  July.  CoUefled  towards  the  Relief  of  Marlborough,  in  theparifli  of 
Haulllead,  thcfumofil.  lis.  6d. 

24  July.  Colledcd  in  this^  parifli,  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gofpel  in  New 
England,  the  fum  of  2I.  5s.  §d  f. 

1655.  20  June.  CoUeded  towards  the  relief  of  the  Protellants  in  Savoy,  the 
fum  of  2I.  9s.  id. 

1 6  (;8.     Mary  the  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Cullum,  Bart,  and  Dudly  his  lady,  was. 

baptized  6  Feb. This  entry  and  the  two  next  muft  have  been  made  fome  years 

after  the  events. 

1660.  Elizabeth  the  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Cullum,  Bart,  and  Dudly  his  lady, 
was  baptized  30  March. 

1662.     Tho.  the  fon  of  Sir  Thomas  Cullum,   Bart,  and  Dudly,  his  lady  was^- 
baptized  20  April. 

1664,     Sir  Thomas  Cullum,  Baronet,  v/as  buried  9  April. 

1670.     Mr.  Theophilus  Luddington,  rcdor  of  Hailed,  was  buried  24  June. 

1672.     Mr.  George  Pitches,  redor,  was  buried  17  March. 

1675.     Mr.  William  Hanmer  and  Mrs.  Peregrine  North  '  were  married  t  Oft. 

1678.     Mrs.  Edgar,  widow,  was  buried  28  May. 

An  account  of  inch  as  have  been  buried  in  or  at  the  parifh  church  of  Hawfted, 
flnce  the  ift  of  Auguft  1678,  when  the  adl  for  burying  in  woollen  took  place  \ 

1680.  The  lady  Dudly  Cullum,  wife  to  Sir  Thomas-CuUum,  Bart,  buried  10. 
September. 

'  The  father  and  mother  of  Sir  Thomas  Hanmer,  fpeaker  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons. 

*  Tlie  day  when  the  affidavit  was  brought  was  (according  to  the  <iireftron  of  the  a£t)  regiftered 
till  1724  ;  but  this  is  generally  now  neglefted  as  ufelefs.  Perhaps  no  aft  of  Parliament  is  better 
obferved  than  that  for  burying  in  woollen.  The  common  fliroud  is  io  cheap  and  decent  a  drefs, 
that  there  is  no  temptation  to  ufe  any  other.  And  in  this  parifli  at  leaft,  the  perfons  of  chief 
note  adopted  it  as  foon  as  the  aft  pafled  ;  for  there  is  but  one  inftar.ce  (and  that  in  the  cafe  of 
an  inferior  perfon)  of  the  forfeiture  for  burying  in  linen. 

Sir 


Chap.  II.]  O    F        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  71 

Sir  Thomas  Cullum,  Bart,  buried  i  6  Oftober. 

1685.  Mr.  Jo.  Burton,  B.  D.  and  Fellow  of  St.  John's  Coll.  Camb.  buried 
10  June. 

1689.  Mr.  John  Harris,  redtor  of  this  parifh,  buried  4  Feb. 

1692.  Mr.  Henry  North,  of  Woodbridge,  and  Mrs.  Mary  Cullum  of  this 
parifli,  were  married  21  Jan. 

1698.  Memorand.  That  the  3d  of  May  there  fell  a  deep  fnovv,  and  it  froze 
■Iiard  the  night  following. 

William  Cawftone  and  Mary  Baldwin,  of  this  parilh,  were  married  8  Sept. 
The  faid  William  is  a  Hufbandman,  and  liable  to  pay  as.  6d.  as  the  King's  Duty. 

1700.  Mr.  Thomas  Cullum  buried  27  Dec.  As  the  faid  Mr.  Cullum  was  a 
Gentleman,  there  is  24s.  tote  paid  for  his  buriail. 

170T.  J  8  Jan.  There  was  a  fort  of  a  Hurricane  that  did  great  damage  both  by 
Tea  and  land. 

5  Feb.  There  was  thunder  and  lightning,  and  hail,  in  a  terrifying  manner;  and 
•on  the  7th,  there  was  hail  and  thunder,  and  wind  almoft  as  great  as  the  former-,  on 
the  1 6th  there  was  another  dreadful  ftorm  of  thunder  and  lightning. 

I  ■  .  DO 

1703.  Nov.  25  and  26.  in  tne  evenmg  of  both  thofe  days  there  were  very  con- 
fiderable  cempeflis  of  thunder  and  lightning ;  and  27th  in  the  morning,  there  was 
a  moll  terrifying  hurricane,  intcrmixt  with  thunder,  that  threw  down  chimnies, 
barns,  trees,  and  houfes,  in  feveral  places,  and  deftroyed  many  perfons  by  land  : 
and  at  fca  there  were  14  men  of  war  loft,  among  which  was  a  rear  admiral,  befides 
abundance  of  merchant  ftiips  to  an  extraordinary  value. 

1706.  The  number  of  men  and  women  above  16  years  of  age  in  this  pariftj,  as 
given  in  to  my  lord  Biihop  of  Norwich  at  his  vifitation,  29  April,  Men  81  i 
Wouwn  93. 

Mrs.  Sarah  Pitches,  relidt  of  Mr.  George  Pitches,  fometimc  re<5tor  of  this  parifh, 
buried  28  Nov^ 

1708.  Mr.  Robert  Bugg,  of  Bardwell  in  SufF.  and  Mrs.  Battina  Capell,  of 
-Stanton,  were  married  28  Sept. 

1709.  The  hon.  Anr.e  Daughter  of  the  right  hon.  John  Lord  Berkley,  Baron 
of  Stratton,  and  wife  to  Sir  Dudley  Cullum,  Bart,  was  buried  2  June. 

About  7  fcore  and  10  communicants  in  this  parilh,  19  July. 

Mr.  Robert  Eyton,  reftor  of  Eyton  in  Shropftiire,  and  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Butts  % 
daughter  of  Mr.  William  Butts,  late  rcdor  of  Harteft,  deceafed,  were  married 
140a-. 

1710.  Sir  Dudley  Cullum,  Bart,  widower,  and  Mrs.  Anne  Wicks,  finglevvoman, 
both  of  this  parilh,  were  married  12  June. 

1712.  Antony  fon  of  the  rev.  Mr.  Robert  Butts,  cl.  and  Elizabeth  *  his  wife, 
buried  1 1  May. 

'  She  was  fi^pr  of  Robert  Butts,  afterwards  bifhop  of  Ely. 

*  She  was  diiighter  of  Mr.  Pitches,  reftor  of  this  parifli,  and  died  when  her  hu(b»nd  was 
bifliop  of  Norwich,  where  flie  was  buried  in  th<  chapel  belonging  to  the  bifliop's  palace,  with 
an  elegant  epitaph.     See  BlomelicUl,  V.  11,  p.  4*8. 

5  1714. 


7» 


HISTORY     AND     ANTIQ^UITIES         [Chap.  II. 


1714.  The  Rev.  Mr.  John  Warren,  reftor  of  Fornham  All  Saints  and  St. 
Martin's,  and  Mrs.  Dudley  Pitches  of  this  parifh,  were  married  29  April. 

17 16.  Robert,  fon  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Robert  Butts,  minirter  of  Bury,  and 
Elizabeth  his  wife,  buried  14  May. 

1720.     Rev.  Anthony  Pitches,  rec>or  of  this  parilh,  buried  17  Aug. 

Sir  Dudley  CuUum,  Bart,  died  16  Sept.  and  was  buried  27th. 

1723.  18  June.  The  number  of  communicants  given  in  then,  being  tha 
primary  vifitation  of  Thomas  lord  bifhop  of  Norwich. — Men  86.  Women  89. 

1724.  Mrs.  Mary  Capeil,  buried  23  Jan. 
Mrs.  Sarah  Tyrrell,  widow,  buried  8  Feb. 

1726.  Mrs.  Henrietta  Maria  wife  of  Rich.  Pitches,  late  reflor  of  this  pariflr, 
buried  8  Nov. 

1727.  Rev,  Mr,  Richard  Pitches,  late  refior  of  this  parifli,  buried  12  Oft. 

1728.  Richard  Brixey,  gent,  buried  r  Jan. 

1729.  Mr.  Michael  Brixey,  gent,  from  the  place,  buried  6  Dec. 

1730.  Jane,  the  daughter  of  John  CuUum  Efq;  buried  28  Jan. 

1733-  J"hn,  fon  of  John  Cullum,  Efq;  and  Sufan  his  wife,  was  baptized  in 
the  chapel  at  Hawfted  Place,  19  July,  by  me  John  Smith,  then  curate  of  Nowton, 
now  (viz.  1739)  reftor  of  Hawlted. 

1735.  Elizabeth,  relift  of  the  late  Rev.  Mr.  Anthony  Pitches,  redtor,  buried 
25  Odtober. 

1736.  Lady  Cullum,  wife  to  Sir  Jafper  Cullum,  Bart,  buried  17  Feb. 

1737.  Anne  Fulham,  wife  of  the  rev.  Mr.  Fulham,  of  Guilford,  Surry,  widow 
of  Sir  Dudley  Cullum,  Bart,  buried  3  Feb. 

1744..  Mary,  daughter  of  John  CuUum,  Efq;.  an-d  Sufan  his  wife,  buried  29 
March. 

1745.     Anne,  daughter  of  John  Cullum,  Efq;  and  Sufan  his  wife,  buried  20 

July. 

1754.  AnAftfor  the  better  preventing  clandedine  marriages  cakes  place  25 
March. 

Sir  Jafper  Cullum,  Bart,  aged  84,  buried  8  Nov. 

1756.  Sarah,  daughter  of  Chriflopher  Metcalfe,  Efq-,  and  Ellen  his  wife,  bap- 
tized 15  Sept. 

Jafper,  fon  of  Sir  John  and  Lady  Cullum,  buried  21  May. 

1757.  Mrs.  Brixey  (bom  i  April,  1658)  Grandmother  to  Sir  John  Cullum,  bu- 
ried 16  Jan. 

1762.  Rev.  Mr.  Smith,  late  reftor  of  this  parifh,  buried  8  Jan. 

1763.  Frederica  Sophia,  daughter  of  Chriliopher  Metcalfe,  Efq,  and  Ellen  his 
Wife,  baptized  20  Nov. 

1769.  Lucy,  daughter  of  Chriftopher  Metcalfe,  Efq-,  and  Ellen  his  wife,  bap- 
tized 26  Nov. 

1 7 73-  Jemima,  daughter  of  Chriftopher  Metcalfe,  Efqj  and  Ellen  his  wife, 
baptized  July  4. 

»  By  his  firft  wife. 

1774- 


Chap.  II.]  O    F        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  7 

1774.  Sir  John  Culkim,  Bart,  buried  22  January.  ; 

1775.  Philip  fon  of  Chriflopher  Mctcalte,  Efq;  and  Ellen  his  wife,  baptized 

6  March, 

Ellen,  wife  of  Chriftopher  Metcalfe,  Efq;  buried  13  March. 

1777.  Sarah,  daughter  of  Chriftopher  Metcalfe,  Efq;  and  Ellen  his  wife,  bu- 
ried 15  February.  „     ^,         ,         J 

1778.  John,  fon  of  Thomas  Gery  CuUum,  Efq;  of  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  and 
Mary  his  wife,  buried  29  Odober. 

1780.  Mrs.  Margaret  Barton,  widow  of  Mr.  Chriftopher  Barton,  of  Bromley, 
in  Middlefex,  and  mother  of  the  late  Mrs.  Metcalfe,  aged  88,  buried  24  June, 

1782.  Jemima,  daughter  of  Chriftopher  Metcalfe,  Efq;  and  Ellen  his  wife,  bu- 
ried 6  June. 

1783.  Aa  ad  takes  place  i  Oftober,  that  impofes  a  tax  of  ^d.  upon  the  entry 
■of  every  chriftening,  marriage,  and  burial,  except  thofe  of  fome  poor  perions, 
particulariy  circumllanced.  A  tax,  moft  vexatious  to  the  clergy,  and  which,  it  is 
thought,  will  be  unprodudive  to  the  ftate. 

In°April  1784,  the  bifhop  of  the  diocefe,  among  other  direftions  to  his  clergy, 
gave  fome  very  judicious  ones  relative  to  the  proper  keeping  of  parilh  regifters— 
an  objea  to  which,  in  this  diocefe  at  lead,  epifcopal  attention  was  never  before 
extended.  1  hope  his  lordlhip's  care  in  this  refpeft  will  be  properly  regarded, 
and  that  we  fliail  never  meet  with  fuch  entries  as  ihis^  "  the  fon  of  Jankin  the 
"  fliepherd  bapdzed." 


Benefactions  to  the  town  of  Hawsted  ;  extracted  from  a 
vellum  book  in  the  church  cheft,  into  which  the  original 
Deeds  were  fairly  tranfcribed  in  17  ig* 

For  the  explanation  of  the  beginning  of  the  firft  deed,  it  is 
neceflary  to  premile,  that  from  fome  deeds  in  my  polTeflion  it 
appears,  that  Robert  Drury,  Efq;  father  of  Sir  William,  had  on 
20th  Dec.  25  Henry  VIII.  with  many  other  gentlemen,  been 
enfeoiFed  in  the  four  parcels  of  land  fpecified  in  Sir  William's 
feoftement  ;  but  no  declaration  had  been  made  to  what  ufes  they 
were  to  be  applied.  They  had  all  probably  been  formerly  be- 
queathed for  religious  piu-pofes  ;  but  at  that  critical  time  it  might 
be  thought  prudent  to  throw  them  unconditionally  into  the  hands 

L  of 


74  HISTORY    ANDANTI  Q,U  I  T  I  E  S         [ehap.-H;. 

of  peiTons  of  power,  who  might  preferve  them  for  the  benefit 
of  the  village.  The  Reformation  had  now  taken  fiich  ftrides, 
that  there  was  no  longer  any  hope  of  appropriating  them  to  their 
original  ufes;  and  therefore  the  inhabitants  requefted  Sir  William, 
that  they  might  be  applied  to  the  general  advantage  of  the  place. 
This  is  called  Sir  William  Drury's  feofFement :  but  it  certainly 
was  not  his  benefadion. 

I.  Sir  William  Drury,  Knt.  at  the  reqiieit  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  of 
Hawfled,  and  according  to  a  pron:iifc  which  he  had  lately  given  them,  did  on  6  June, 
^6  Henry  VIH.  enfeoif  Richard  Corbetr,  Efq;  Henry  and  Roger  Drury,  gentlenieu, 
his  Tons,  Henry  Pain,  gentleman,  William  Eglin,  clerk,  John  Sparrow,  Ralfe 
Sparke,  Martin  Gylly,  Thomas  Cowper,  Edward  Wyffin,  and  Robert  Sparke.,.in 
one  mefTuage,  called  The  Churcb-Hoiife,  with  its  appurtenances,  bounded  on  the 
north  by  a  way  belonging  to  the  manor  of  Hawfted  Hall,  and  contiguous  to  the 
church-yard  ;  and  on  the  Ibuth  by  the  king's  highway,  anciently  called  Cokkefaowch 
Ijine\  abutting  towards  the  weft  upon  lands  belonging  to  the  faid  manor,  called 
Park  Field;  and  towards  the  eaft  on  the  highway  that  adjoins  to  Langage-Meadow, 
Alio  in  a  Clofe  called  Brown's  Tujt  ',  in  the  town  of  Hawfted,  computed  at  3  acras, 
lying  between  a  Clofe  called  Matterel's  towards  the  weft,  and  the  land  of  Robert 
Rookwood  towards  the  weft,  abutting  at  both  ends  on  the  lands  of  the  faid  Robert 
Rookwood.  Alio  in  a  piece  of  land  called  The  Lampe  Lend,  lying  between  the 
common  way  called  Wynrefmere  Lane  on  the  eaft,  abutting  on  one  fide  upon  a 
piece  of  pafture  in  the  tenure  of  Giles  Wyffin  towards  the  fouth,  and  on  the  other, 
iipon'a  way  called  the  Drift  Way  towards  the  north.  Alio  in  three  acres  of  land, 
lying  between  the  lands  of  Sir  Wm.  Drury  on  the  north,  abutting  at  one  end  upoa 
Colclfield,  otherwife  called  Hongredown,  towards  the  weft,  and  at  the  other  upon 
the  meadow  of  the  faid  Sir  Wm.  Drury  towards  the  eaft.  The  faid  feoffees,  their 
heirs  and  aftigns,  to  have  and  to  hold  the  faid  houle  and  lands,  for  the  perpetual 
relief  -and  ule  of  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  of  Hawfted  for  the  time  being, 
(Ad  opus  femper  et  ufum  omnium  inhabitantium  villaj  de  Hawfted  pro  tempore 
exillentium)  paying  to  the  faid  Sir  Wm.  Drury,  his  heirs  and  aftigns,  the  fervices 
before  due  and  cuftomary  ;^  and  an  annual  rent  of  zs.  8d.  of  Enghfta  money,  to  be 
paid  half-yearly. 

'  John  Cowper,  of  Bury,  the  fon  and  heir  of  William,  who  held  this  Clofe  conjointly  with  three 
others,  to  the  ule  and  benefit  of  him  the  l.iid  William,  his  heirs  and  alTigns  forever,  as  appears 
b}'  a  deed,  dated  4  Henry  VII.  did  on  20  Dec.  13  Henry  Vlll.  cnfcofFe  William  and  Robert  Drury, 
Efqrs.  of  Haufled,  and  fifteen  more,  in  this  Clofe,  for  the  piirpofe  of  fiipponing  the  king's  taxes, 
and  other  burdens  and  impofitions  that  fliotild  be  laid  on  the  faid  inhabitants  for  ever,  as  far  as  the 
rent  of  the  Clofe  would  go  (ad  opus  et  ufun^  omnium  pauperum  inhabitantium  ville  de  Hawfled, 
ea  intentione  ad  fupportandum  taxationes  domini  regis,  ac  alia  onera  et  impofitiones  predic^tis  inha- 
bitantibus  inipnnen<las,  in  perpetuum,  fecundum  quantitatem  proficui  di(5li  claufi)  which  Clcle  •,,  is 
purchafed  of  the  faid  John  Cowper,  by  John  Clerk  of  Hauftcd,  lately  deeeafed,  who  bequeathed  it 
of  his  own  free  will  to  the  faid  iiihabitints  for  the  purpofes  above-mentioned. 

This 


Chap,  n.]  O    F        H     A    W     S    T    E     D.  ^5 

This  feoffement  was  renewed  in  1592,  and  1635;  after  which  it  was  negle<fled 
till  1 7 19,  when  it  was  renewed  by  William  Leppingwell  and  Robert  Carter,  fons 
and  heirs  of  the  two  daughters  and  coheirefTes  of  George  Nunn,  deceafed,  who  was 
the  eldeft  brother  and  heir  at  law  to  Robert  Nunn,  deceafed,  the  laft  furviving 
feoffee.     The  laft  renewal  was  in  1769. 

II.  Sir  Robert  Drury,  of  Hawfted,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  Knight,  "  bein^ 
*'  by  the  Grace  of  Almighty  God,  minded  to  build  an  almjhoufe  for  the  perpetual 
*'  habitation  and  dwelling  of  fix  poor  -women  unmarried;  and  to  allow  every  one  of 
them  five  pounds  a  year  of  current  Englilh  money,  to  be  paid  quarterly  by  the  lord 
of  the  manor  of  Hawfted  Hall  cum  Buckenham's ;  the  faid  fix  women  to  be  at  the 
nomination  of  the  faid  Sir  Robert,  during  his  life;  and  after  his  death,  at  the 
nomination  of  the  feoffees  for  the  time  being,  for  ever,  out  of  the  poor  inhabitants 
of  the  following  towns  ;  out  of  the  town  of  Hawfted,  one  poor  woman  tor  the 
firft  place  that  (hall  be  void  ;  one  out  of  the  town  of  Whepl^ed  for  the  fecond 
place;  one  out  of  the  town  of  Rrockley  for  the  third;  one  out  of  the  towns  of 
Ched  burgh  and  Reed  by  turn  in  courfe,  for  the  fourth  ;  and  two  out  of  the  burrough 
of  Bury  St.  Edmund's  for  the  fifth  and  fixth  ;  fo  as  the  overfcers  of  the  parifli  in  the 
fiid  burrough,  out  of  which  any  poor  woman  (hall  be  placed  in  the  faid  almfhoufe, 
do  provide  relief  and  maintenance  of  all  things  ncceflary  unto  fuch  poor  woman,  as 
for  whom,  by  her  becoming  impotent  and  weak,  the  faid  allowance  of  five  pounds 
a  year  lliall  not  b^  fufficient :  in  default  of  which  provifion,  the  feoffees  for  the 
time  being,  fliall  fupply  the  faid  fifth  and  fixth  places  for  ever,  with  fuch  poor  out 
of  any  of  the  towns  within  five  miles  of  the  faid  almfiioufe,  as  to  them  fhall  feem 
meet ;  fuch  towns  putting  in  fufficient  fecurity  for  relieving  the  poor  woman  with 
all  things  ncceffary,  in  cafe  flie  fliould  grow  impotent  and  weak,  fo  that  her  five 
pounds  a  year  allowance  fhall  not  be  fufficient.  The  fame  Sir  Robert,  out  of  his 
charitable  difpofirion  to  the  poor,  being  alio  minded  to  allow  yearly  tor  ever  for 
the  better  relief  and  maintenance  of  the  poor  of  the  following  towns,  twenty  and 
two  pounds  of  current  Englifh  money,  that  is  to  fay,  to  the  poor  of  the  town  of 
Hawfted  6  pounds;  of  Whepfted  5  pounds;  of  Brockley  4  pounds;  of  Chedburgh 
4  pounds;  and  of  Reed  5  pounds  ;  to  be  paid  quarterly  by  the  lord  of  the  manor 
of  Hawfteti  Hall  cum  Buckenham's,  to  the  overfcers  of  the  poor  of  the  faid  parifhes, 
^'ith  this  intent  and  purpofe,  that  if  any  poor  woman  placed  in  the  faid  almfiioufe 
fhall  grow  poor  and  impotent,  fo  that  fhe  ftiall  want  relief,  the  overfcers  of  the 
parilh  out  of  which  ftie  was  cholcn,  fliall  relieve  and  maintain  her  with  all  things 
neccfTary;  in  default  of  which  relief,  tlie  lord  of  the  faid  manor  fhall  relieve  her, 
and  detain  fo  much  of  the  fumms  payable  to  fuch  overfcers  as  will  fatisfy  himfelf. 
— To  carry  the  above  dffigr.s  into  execution,  the  laid  Sir  Robert  did,  on  18  March, 
1610,  give,  grant,  enfeoff,  and  confirm  to  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon,  of  Redgrave,  in 
the  faid  County,  Knight,  Sir  Edmund  Hacon  his  fon  and  heir.  Sir  John  Heigham 
of  Birrow,  Sir  Robert  Jermyn  of  Rufhbrnok,  Sir  R.ohert  Drury  of  Rougham,^ 
1'homas  Drury  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Eiq;  Richard  Brabon,  clerk,  parfon  of 
Whepfted,  John  Hcly,  clerk,  kzckicl  E'dgar,  clerk,  parfon  of  Hawfted,  Gilbert 
Spalding  of  Hawft:ed,  yeoman  ;  all  tlvofe  la'nds  and  tenements,  Sec.  then   or  latt  ly 

L  2  called 


7(J  HISTORY    AND    ANT  I  QJJ  i  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  IL 

called  Hardwick,  or  Hardwkk  Wood,  in  the  faid  county,  fometime  belonging  to 
the  late  moiiaftery  of  Bury  St.  Edmund,  then  diffolved  :  As  alio  an  annuity  of 
20  pounds,  iffuing  out  of  the  manor  of  llawfted-Hall  with  Buckenham's,  and  all 
his  pofiefflons  in  Havvfted,  to  be  paid  quarterly  to  the  faid  feoffees,  their  heirs  and 
afllgns  for  ever,  in  the  church  porch  of  Hawfted  ;  to  the  only  ufe,  behoof y  intents' 
and purpofes,.  that  they  the  feoffees,  the  furvivor  and  the  furvivcrs  of  them,  and  the 
heirs  of  the  furvivor,  fliould,  at  the  cofts  and  charges  of  the  lord  of  the  manor  of 
Hawfled  Hall  with  Buckenham's,  convey  the  faid  eHate  at  Hardwick,  and  the 
annuity  of  20  pounds,  to  the  fi'd  feoffees  and  others,  as  to  them  fhould  feem  meet 
and  requifite,  to  the  number  of  twelve;  and  fuch  renewal  to  be  made  in  like 
manner  for  ever  hereafter  in  all  ages,  for  continuing  the  faid  premifes  in  feoffees 
hands  for  ever.  To  the  end,  that  the  feoffees  for  the  time  being,  fliould  for  ever, 
and  at  all  time  and  times,  after  the  death  of  the  faid  Sir  Robert  Drury,  upon 
reafonable  requeft  to  them  made,  and  at  the  cofts  and  charges  of  the  lord  of  the 
faid  manors,  demife  and  to  farm  let,  the  faid  eftate  at  Hardwick,  and  the  annuity 
of  20  pounds,  to  fuch  perfon  as  ffiall  be  lord  of  the  faid  manors,  for  fuch  term  of 
years  (if  fuch  perfon  fhall  be  lb  long  lord)  and  fuch  conditions  as  to  them  Ihall 
feem  meet,  referving  always  the  rent  of  52  pounds  to  be  paid  quarterly  to  the 
fix  alms-houfe  women,  and  to  the  overfeers  of  the  poor,  as  aforefaid,  by  the  lord 
of  the  faid  manors  for  the  time  being,  or  his  afligns.  Provided  always.  That  the 
lord  of  the  faid  manors,  fhall  from  time  to  time  as  is  neceffary,  repair  and  rebuild 
the  alms-houfe  intended  to  be  builded,  in  fuch  fort  as  the  fame  fhall  be  firft 
founded  and  erefted. 

Sir  Robert  referved  to  himfelf  the  power  of  revoking  and  m.aking  void  this 
deed,  by  any  writing  fealed  and  fubfcribed  by  him  with  his  name,  or  by  his  lad 
will  and  reftament. 

The  original  was  fubfcribed  by  Sir  Robert  with  his  name,  in  letters  of  gold  ;  and 
always  kept  in  the  church  chelt  of  Hawfled,  till  the  year  1754,  when  for  fome 
reafon  or  other  it  -was  depofited  in  that  of  Wheplled. 

This  feoffement  v/as  renewed  in  1647,  when  there  were  three  furviving  feoffees  5 
in  1682,  when  there  was  but  one  j  in  1712,  when  there  were  three;  and  in  1734, 
when  there  were  two. 

TIT.  John  Froft,  of  Hawfled,  labourer,  in  confideration  of  22/.  paid  him  by 
John  Alvis  and  Giles  Froft,  Church-wardens,  Proairatores,  (part  of  which  22/. 
was  the  gift  of  Robert  Kidd,  late  of  Hawfled,  labourer,  deceafed,  and  of  Anne 
Spalding,  fpinrter  ;  and  part  was  in  the  hands  of  the  church-wardens)  did  on  30th 
Sept.  1622,  convey  to  twelve  perfons  named  in  the  deed,  a  piece  of  land  with  a 
cottase  or  tenement  built  upon  ir,  at  Pinford  Inn,  near  the  Park  Gate,  containing 
by  eitimation  7  perches  :  the  faid  twelve  perfons,  their  heirs  and  alTigns,  to  have 
and  to  held  the  faid  land  and  cottage  to  their  own  ufe  and  benefic  for  ever, 
abfolutely  and  v^ithout  any  condition  •,  yet  with  this  hope,  intention,  trulf,  and 
confidence,  that  at  all  future  times,  fixteen  fhillings  of  the  rents  and  profits  arifing 
from  the  efVate,  (liould  be  employed  and  paid  annually  for  the  relief  and  fupjiort 
of  the  poor,  aged,  and  needy  inhabitants  of  the  town  of  Hawfted,  who  live  honeflly, 

quietly. 


a 


Chap.  II.]  O    F        H     A     W    S    T    E    D.  77 

quietly,  and  piouflj',  and  of  none  other ;  and  that  the  rennaining  part  of  the 
rents  and  profits  fbould  be  paid  every  year  to  the  church-wardens,  to  be  dilpoled 
of  according  to  their  dilcretion,  for  the  general  benefit  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
faid  town  of  Hawfled. 

This  feoffement  was  not  renewed  till  1719,  by  Robert  the  grandfon  of  Robert 
Mayhew,  the  lall  fin  viving  feoffee ;  again  in  1769. 

IV.  I  Jan.  1674,  ThoiTias  Tyrrel  of  Hawfled,  gent,  and  William  Barker,  of 
the  fame,  yeotr.an,  porchafed  of  John  Pilborough,  and  Anne  his  wife,  for  the  fum 
of  45  pounds,  paid  by  the  chief  inhabitants  of  the  faid  town,  one  piece  of  land  and 
pafture,  foiiutiine  farce!  of  a  field  tailed  Mcllpojl  Field,  and  a  ccrtayn  way  or  lane 
thereunto  adjoining,  lying  in  Havvfted,  containing  by  eltimation  5  -t  acres.  Alfo 
contiguous  to  the  laft,  a  pightel  oi  land,  called  Barnard's,  or  Little  Parkers,  con- 
taining by  eftimation  i  acre.  One  end  of  it  abuts  upon  the  king's  highway,  leading 
from  Halltcd  Green,  towards  Mennold  Green.  Of  the  faid  purchaf;  money,  40 
pounds  were  given  by  the  lady  Frances  Wray,  widow,  deceafed,  to  be  a  town  flock 
for  the  benefit  of  the  poor  people  of  the  faid  town ;  the  other  five  pounds  were  given 
by  Bridget  Spalding,  widow,  deceafed,  for  the  fame  purpofe. 

In  1651,  Thomas  Tyrrel  the  furvivor,  enfeoffed  12  perlbns  in  the  above  two 
pieces  of  land.  After  which,  this  eftate,  like  fome  of  the  former,  was  neglefted 
till  1 7 19,  when  Robert  the  grandfon  of  John  Sparke,  the  lad  furviving  feoffee, 
renewed  the  feoffement.     It  was  laft  renewed  in  1769. 

The  lands  in  this  and  Sir  Wm.  Drury's  feoffement  (including  a  houfe  valued  at 
%L  2S.  a  year),  are  let  for  9/.   i6s.  a  year. 

Lady  Wray's  charity  is  diftinguifhed  by  the  diftribution  of  28  fhlUings  every 
half  year,  in  her  name,  to  the  poor,  in  the  church. 

V,  Sir  Thomas  Cullum  of  Hawfled  Place,  Bart,  by  his  will,  dated  2  May,  166:, 
and  proved  20  May,  1664,  bequeathed  to  the  mafter  and  wardens  and  worfliipful 
company  of  Drapers,  London  (of  which  he  was  a  member)  and  to  their  fucceffors 
for  ever,  four  houfes  in  Trinity  Minories  parifh  in  or  near  London,  then  leafed  to 
fcveral  tenants  for  41/.  los.  a  year,  in  trufl:  and  confidence,  and  to  the  intent  and 
purpofe,  that  they  and  their  fucceffors  fhould  (among  other  annual  charitable  pay- 
ments) pay  every  year  for  ever  5/.  10s.  for  and  towards  the  relief  of  the  poor  of  the 
pariffi  of  Hawfted,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk-,  of  which  §1.  10s.  two  fliillings  were 
by  the  church-wardens  of  the  faid  pariffi  to  be  weekly  laid  out  in  bread,  to  be  by 
them  and  the  overfeers  of  the  poor,  or  the  more  part  of  them,  according  to  their 
beft  difcretions,  with  the  confent  of  the  lord  of  the  manor,  diftributed  every  Sabbath- 
day  in  the  year,  among  fuch  poor  people  of  the  faid  pariffi,  as  ufually  come  to  the 
church,  having  no  lawful  or  jud  caufe  to  the  contrary.  The  remaining  fix  Ihillings, 
the  church-wardens  for  the  time  being,  are  to  receive  for  their  trouble. 

According  to  the  above  bequeft,  12  two-peny  loaves  are  every  Sunday  diftributed 
to  poor  people  in  the  church. 


CHAP. 


';8  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES        [Chap.  IIT, 

CHAP.        IIL 

Lords  of  the  Manor,   and  othj^r  Proprietors  of  Land.. 

A  MONG  the  obligations  we  owe  to  the  rehgious  focieties, 
-^^^  founded  by  our  anceftors,  one  is,  their  preferving  many 
notices  of  famiUes  and  property,  which  would  otherwife  never 
have  reached  our  time.  They  were  extremely  careful  of  the 
evidences  of  their  pofleffions  and  privileges,  tranfcribing  them 
into  regifters,  and  often  placing  them  on  the  altars  of  their 
churches :  and  the  perpetuity  of  fuch  communities  prevented 
the  difperfion  and  lofs  of  their  muniments.  To  thefe  circum- 
Ifances  it  is  owing,  that  we  have  now  fome  very  ancient  re<:ords 
of  the  village  at  prefent  under  confideration. 

In  the  time  of  king  Edward  the  Confefibr.,  Leofstan  the  fewer 
of  abbot  Leofstan,  and  Stannard  his  relation,  gave  Halfted  to  St. 
Edmund.  About  the  fame  time,  Odo  and  his  wife  are  faid  to 
have  done  the  fame  '\  What  thefe  donations  were,  does  not 
appear  ;  but  they  were  probably  all  the  lands  which  thofe  bene- 
faitors  poffedcd  in  this  place.  Something,  however,  more 
fpecific  and  important  was  bellowed  by  that  pious  monarch,  early 
in  his  reign ;  for  Halfted  was  involved  in  his  enormous  grant  to 
the  monallery  of  the  royalties  (Jura  regalia)  of  all  the  villages  in 
eight  and  and  a  half  contiguous  hundreds. 

'  Monaflicon  Ang.  V.  I.  p.  2,93,  4.  and  a  MS.  thus  defcribed  hi  Tanner's 
Nor.  Monafl:.  p.  506.  Canulariuin  teirarum,  libeitatum,  &c.  ad  hanc  abbatiariT 
(Icil.  Sti.  Edmundi)  fpeftantium,  m;inu  recenciore,  ex  antiqiiis  rcgiltris  ccenobii 
ddcriptum  foho  grandiurculo,  MS.  penes  doni.  Rob.  Bacon,  Barr.  Ir  belonged 
sherwards  to  Tom.  Martyn,  who  vakied  it  highly  ;  aiid  is  now  my  ^^roperty.  I 
iliall  quote  it  hereafter,  as  MS.  C. 

At 


Chap.  III.]  OF        H     A    W     S     T     E    D.  79 

At  the  Conqueror's  furvey,  xxviii  free-men  held  here  mi 
carrucates  of  land,  or  about  cccc  acres.  Odo  held  i  carrucate: 
Albold  and  Peter,  two  ecclefiaftics,  11;  and  Agenetus  xx  acres. 
Who  the  principal  lord  was,  does  not  appear;  for  I  flioidd  think 
no  one  of  thofe  named  was  fuch.  The  inferior  proprietors  had 
the  privilege,  not  always  enjoyed  by  perfons  in  their  ftation,  of 
alienating  their  lands  without  the  licence  of  their  lord.  The 
right  of  holding  courts  for  deciding  the  difputes,  and  punifliing 
the  offences  of  the  vaflals,  belonged  to  the  monaftery,  as  well 
as  a  right  of  common.  There  were  in  villains,,  xxi  bordarers, 
and  II  flaves  :  three  orders  of  vaflals  that  are  conftantly  men- 
tioned as  dilfindt,  in  Domefday,  and  as  appendant  to  manors  ; 
but  whofe  fpecific  kinds  and  degrees  of  fervitude,  interpreters 
feem  not  well  able  to  afcertain. 

In  the  time  of  the  Conqueror,  St.  Edmund  pofl^^fled  here  iiii 
carrucates  of  land,  as  appears  in  the  regifter  of  John  North- 
wold.      MS.  C. 

Anfelm,  abbot  of  St.  Edmund  (who  prefided.  from  1. 11 9  to 
1148}  with  the  advice  of  his  barons,  granted  Halfted,  or  (as  it 
is  exprefll^d  in  another  evidence)  lands  in  Halifed,  to  William 
fon  of  Ailboldus,  and  Robert  his  fon  and  heir.  And  the  faid 
William  and  Robert  confirmed  to  the  abbey  the  churches  of 
Bertune  and  Culeford  in  fee.      Harl.  MSS.    639.   p.  7. 

Henry  I.  gave  Halfted  to  St.  Edmund  and  abbot  Anfelm,  for 
the  fervice  of  the  altar,  and  particularly  for  buying  wine  for  the 
celebration  of  mafles.      Pinchbeck's  Regifter. 

Hervey,  who  was  facrift  in  the  time  of  the  fame  abbot,  re- 
covered for  the  monaftery  fome  lands  of  Thomas  Noel  ',  af 
Hauftcd.      Monaft.  Ang.  V.  I.  p.  300. 

'  This  Thomns  vvns  probably  the  piincipal  lord  of  the  village  :  for  we  have 
already  feen  in  the  lift  of  the  patrons  of  the  redlory,  tliat  i  Henry  II.  the  abbot 
and  convent, releafed  to  Thomas  Noel  and  his  heirs,  the  advovvfon  of  the  church, 
of  Kauftede. 

5  About 


8o  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  Ifl, 

About  this  time,  a  family,  as  was  common,  took  its  name 
from  tlie  place  :  and  in  the  reign  of  king  Stephen,  Ralph  de 
HaUlede  and  Roger  his  brother,  gave  the  abbot  an  opportunity 
of  carrying  a  point  of  great  confequence  from  the  crown.  The 
Itory  is  thus  related.  William  Martell  the  king's  fewer,  attended 
by  many  prelates,  barons,  and  others,  and  fitting  in  his  feat 
of  juflice,  in  the  bhliop's  garden,  at  Norwich;  two  courtiers 
(duo  curiales)  Jordan  de  Blofieville,  and  Richard  de  Waldan, 
produced  a  young  man,  named  Herbert,  who  was  ready  to  prove 
to  the  court,  that  he  ferved  Robert  Fitz  Gilbert  in  the  army, 
when  the  king  led  his  forces  againft  Bedford,  at  that  time  in 
the  poffeffion  of  his  enemies,  and  that  Robert  and  Adam  de 
Horninglherth  had  difcourfe  with  Ralph  de  Halftede  and  Roger 
his  brother  (who  had  come  privately  out  of  the  town,  and 
changed  their  horfes,  fliields,  and  faddles)  about  betraying,  and 
'murdering  the  king.  They  therefore  demanded,  in  the  king's 
name,  that  the  caufe  might  be  heard,  and  juftice  done.  Upon 
this,  Ording  the  abbot,  who  was  prefent,  liood  up,  and  ha- 
rangued the  court,  informing  them,  that  the  accufed  brothers 
were  within  the  liberty  of  St.  Edmund,  and  therefore  amenable 
only  to  him.  This  privilege  was  difcufled  at  large  :  and  the 
abbot  eftabliflied  his  claim,  by  the  determination  of  the  court, 
and  coniirmation  of  the  king.      MS.  C.   '. 

The  above  Ralph  held  here  of  the  abbot  one  carrucate  and  a 
half  of  land,  and  two  borderers,  as  appears  among  the  records 
of  abbot  Baldwyn.     MS.  C. 

Of  this  family  was  probably  John  de  Hawfted,  who,  i  Edw, 
II.  obtained  a  grant  to  himfelf  and  the  heirs  of  his  body,  of 
the  manor   of  Deulliangre  com.   Northamp.   with  certain  lands 

'   At   the  end  is  this  note:  Et  fciend.  quod   ida  cronica  prefcripta  clare  pateC 
n  Pfiltcrio  capellc  cfni  aK)is  ufualiter  jatentc  coram  codem.     Records  of  various 
kinds  were  often  bound  up  wi'th  facred  books.     See  Bib.  Top.  Brit.  N"  XX.  p.  45. 

in 


Chap.  HI.]  OF        H     A     W     S     T     E    D.  Si 

in  Whittlewood,  and  divers  other  lands  in  the  faid  county,  antl 
II  Edward  II.  was  in  the  wars  of  Scotlap.d.  15  Edward  II.  he 
had  the  'caftle  and  honour  of  Clare,  co.  SufT.  committed,  to 
his  charge;  and  i  Edward  III.  was  made  fenefchal  of  Gafcoine. 
Moreover,  4  Edward  111.  in  confidcration  of  his  fervices  done, 
and  to  he  done,  he  ohtained  a  grant  of  200  marks  fterling  to 
be  paid  annually  during  his  life,  out  of  the  cuftoms  of  Bourdeaux. 
He  had  fummons  to  parliament  6,  8,  9  Edward  III.  but  never 
after  '. 

Abbot  Sampfon  (who  prelided  from  1192  to  1211),  and  the 
convent,  granted  to  Robert  the  fon  of  Ralph  de  Halftede,  and 
his  heirs,  a  meadow  in  Ilalftede  belonging  to  Horningflierth 
Hall,  and  lying  between  the  great  road  to  Clare  and  the  pond 
near  the  mill  of  the  faid  Robert,  to  be  holden  by  the  free  fervice 
of    paying  11  s.   annually   to    Horningflierth-Hall  '. 

The  faid  Robert  had  one  knight's  fee  in  Haurtede,  and  half  a 
one  in  Brockley. 

Abbot  Sampfon,  and  the  convent,  granted  and  confirmed  to 
Thomas  the  fon  of  Robert  Noel  and  his  heirs,  all  the  land  which 
Galfrid  the  Sacrift  held  in  Halftede,  by  the  fervice  of  paying 
yearly  xlj".  K  Thefe  were  doubtlefs  the  lands  which  Henry  I. 
gave  for  the  fervice  of  the  altar  ;  which  Hervey  the  Sacrift 
recovered  of  Noel  for  the  monallery ;  and  which  Noel  was 
now  glad  to  redeem  by  this  annuity.  This  annuity  continued,  I 
believe,  to  be  paid  till  the  Diffolution ;  and  was  fometimes  applied 
to  its  original  purpofe;  for  in  the  account  of  the  bailiff  of  the 
manor,  7  Henry  V.  xlj.  were  faid  to  be  paid  to  the  Sacrift,  for 
finding  wine  to  celebrate  mafTes  in  the  monaftery.  The  next 
year  for  buying  wax  candles  for  the  high  altar. 

'  Dugd.  Bar.  V.  II.  p.  126. 
*  Harl.  MSS.  639.  p.  7. 
3  Ibid.  p.  4. 

M  The 


82  HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  III. 

The  faid  abbot  and  convent  confirmed  alfo  to  the  faid  Thomas 
and  his  heirs  all  the  focage  which  William  the  Ion  of  Ailbold, 
and  Walter  the  fon  of  the  faid  William,  and  uncle  of  the  faid' 
Thomas,  held  in  Halllede  and  Effelde  %  and  all  the  land  which 
they  held  in  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  by  the  fervice  of  paying  an- 
nually to  the  fteward  of  the  hundred  of  Thingo  xviijd.  This 
Thomas  held  alfo  lands  in  Dickleburgh  in  Norfolk,  of  the  abbot 
and  convent,  by  the  iervice  of  finding  a  horfe  of  x  s.  value,  for 
the  king's  army,   when  he  went  into  Wales,   at  the  expence  of 

the   abbot  and  convent  ". 

A  fine  was  levied  21  Henry  III.  between  Richard  le  Chanoyne, 

petent,   and  John  Noel,  tenent,  of  3  carrucates  of  land  in  Ilau- 

•  ftede,   the  right  of  John. 

A  fine  was   levied  53  Henry  III.   between    Bcnedi(51:  de  Hau- 

ftede,   querent,    and  Galfrid  Watlow  and  Claricia  his   wife,   im- 

pedients,  of  a  melTuage,   and  5  }  acres  of  land  in  Hauftede,  the 

right  of  Benedid:. 

A  fine  was  levied  the  fame  year,   between  Henry  de  Stanton, 

querent,   and  Walter  de  Stanton,  deforciant,  of   i   mefTuage,    24 

acres  of  land,  and  i  acre  of  wood,  with  their  appurtenances,  in 

Hauftede,   the  right  of  Henry,   who  granted  them  to  Walter  for 

his  life. 

The  earliefl  principal  lords  of  the  village  that  are  fpccified  as 
fuch  in  records,  are  the  family  of  Eustace,  or  Fitz  Eustace. 
The  firfl  record  in  my  polTcffion  that  mentions  them  is  dated 
the  lail:  year  of  Henry  III.  and  as  it  has  preferved  alfo  a  point 
of  law,  though  happily  now^  for  us  nothing  more  tlian  a 
matter  of  curiofity,  1  fliall  give  it  in  the  language  of  the 
original. 


o 


'  I  know  not  wliat  place  this  means. 
»  Harl.  MSS.  639,  p.  ;,  8. 

HenricuSj 


Chap.  III.]  OF        II     A     W     S    T    E     D.  C  j 

Henricus,  Dei  gratia,  &c.  Dilcdo.  clerico  fuo  magiflro  Richnrdo  C-IifTord, 
efcae'ori  luo  cicra  Trcntam,  fakitem.  Cum  nos  clamavimus  cuClodiam  omnium 
terrarum  et  tenenientorum  que  fucrunt  Eudachii  filii  Thome  nuptr  dtrtunfti  ad 
nos  pertinere,  pro  co  quod  idem  Kulhchius  manerium  de  Cafewyk  cum  percicenais 
tenuic  de  nobis  in  capite.  Ec  ballivi  diledti  nobis  in  Chrido  abbatis  de  Sanclo 
Edmundo  ad  nos  et  confilium  noftriim  accefTerunr,  ex  parte  predict!  abbatis,  et 
nobis  intimarurit  quod  cuftodia  vianern  de  Ilaljlc^,' quod  fuit  prcdidi  Eullachji, 
et  quod  eft  de  feodo  ipfius  abbatis,  prope  villam  Sanfti  Edmundi,  ad  ipfum 
abbatem,  et  non  ad  nos,  pcrtinet,  co  quod  prediflum  manerium  de  Calcwyk,  quod 
predidtus  Euftachius  de  nobis  tenuit  in  capite,  efl  de  Baronia  de  Cokes,  que  fuic 
efcaeta  noflra,  et  non  de  corpor?  corone  noftre  :  et  in  magna  carta  noftra  conlinetur, 
quod  cuftodia  terrarum  que  lunt  de  feodo  aliorum  habere  non  debtmus  occafione 
alicujus  Baronie,  aut  aiicujus  partis  ejufdemque  fuit  efcaeta  noflra.  Cum  rotulos 
fcaccarii  noftri  fcrutari  fecimus,  et  fcrutatis  rotulis  eifdem  invenimus,  quod  pre- 
didium  maneiium  de  Cafevvyk  e(l  de  Baronia  do  Chokes  que  fuit  efcaeta  noftra,  ficut 
ballivi  predifli  abbatis  aflerunt,  et  non  de  corpore  corone  noftre.  Et  vidiR-us,  quod 
per  prediftum  manerium  de  Cafewyk,  ex  caufa  predifta,  non  pofTumus  cuftodiam 
predifti  manerii  de  Halltede  quod  eft  de  feodo  predidi  abbatis  habere,  ac  fi  idem 
manerium  de  Cafewyk  elTet  de  corona  noftra.  Nolentes  predidlo  abbati  fuper 
detencione  predidti  manerii  de  Halftede  injuriare,  vobis  mandamus,  quod  cuftodiam 
ejufdem  manerii  de  Halftede,  cum  pcrtinentiis,  predido  abbati,  tanquam  doir.ino 
feodi  illius,  vel  fuis  ballivis,  ad  opus  ejufdem  abbatis  liberetis  habendum  ufque 
ad  legitimam  etatem  heredum  Euftachii  predidi.  Tefte  meipfo  apud  Weftm.  xxiij 
die  iMaij,  anno  regni  noftri  lvi°.  ' 

From  the  above  record  it  appears,  that  this  family  had  other 
poiieffions  befides  thole  at  Hawfted,  which  latter  it  is  probable 
they  acquired  by  Thomas  Fitz  Euftace  marrying  Joane  one  of 
the  daughters  of  Thomas  Noel,  about  6  Henry  III.  They  had 
alfo  confiderable  property  at  Gnatefliall,   in  this  county  '. 

The  abbot  havin'^  thus  his  claim  allowed  him,  immediately 
let  the  manor  of  Hauflede,  and  advowfon  of  the  church,  dunng 
the  minority,  to  William  Clifford,  probably  a  relation  of  the 
Efcheator's,  for  xx  pounds  fterling,  paid  in  hand.  The  witnefTes 
to  this  agreement  were  William  de  Swyneford,  Robert  de  Hoo, 
John  de  Saint  Clare,  Thomas  de  Ickworth,  Knights,  William  de 
Walpole,  Robert  de  Meleford,  Thomas  de  Helegey,  Stephen  de 
Sidolfefmere,  Walter  Freyfcll,  and  Fachard  his  brother,  with 
others  '. 

■  MS.  C.  ^  MS.  C.  MS.  C. 

M  2  During 


84  HISTORY     AND     ANTI  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  III. 

During  the  minority,  the  church  of  Halftede  hecame  vacTint; 
and  William  Clifford  prefented  to  it,  by  virtue  of  the  above- 
mentioned  leafe. 

This  minority  appears  to  have  been  as  long  a  one  as  well 
could  be  :  for  the  heir  did  not  come  of  age  till  1 1  Edward  I. 
as  appears  by  the  following  note;  which  is  entitled  the  Homage 
for  Halilede. 

Memorandum,  That  Thomas,  that  is  de  Lifcrcs  Fitz  Eiiflace  of  Halftede,  diJ 
homage  and  fealty  to  abbot  John,  for  the  polTeflions  he  held  of  the  laid  abbot  ii) 
Haldede,  in  the  abbot's  chapel  at  Cheventon  ',  on  the  morrow  ot  St.  Denys  the 
Marcyr,  the  21ft  year  of  the  reign  of  Edward  the  fon  of  Henry  ;  Wiiliain  Talemache 
and  many  other  perfons  ftanding  by,  and  viewing  the  ceremony.  Afterwards  the 
faid  Thomas  was  dltliained  for  ilie  fine  payable  to  the  abbot  j  upon  which  he  went 
to  the  faid  abbot  at  Elmefwcli,  upon  the  vigil  of  St.  Thomas  the  Apollle,  the 
beginning  of  22  Edw.  demanding  remedy  in  that  bch?lf.  Afterwards  the  laid 
Thomas  acknowledged  ac  the  fame  place,  in  the  prelence  of  Robert  de  Glemesford, 
Nicholas  de  Crefilngham,  Henry  Bakun,  Hobert  de  Norwold,  Roger  de  Welefham, 
and  many  others,  that  he  claim.ed  to  hold  all  his  pofTclTions  in  Halftede  of  the 
abbot,  upon  which  account  he  had  been  in  the  wardftiip  of  abbot  Simon  his  pre- 
deceflbr  ;  which  wardfhip  the  faid  abbot  recovered  from  the  king,  and  let  to 
William  Clifford.  By  virtue  of  which,  the  faid  V/illiam,  during  the  wardlliip, 
prefented  a  certain  clerk  of  his  to  the  church  of  Halftede,  who  was  accordingly 
admitted  to  it,  and  continued  in  it  a  long  fpace  ot  tune,  upon  pretext  that  the  laid 
abbot  had  leafed  to  him,  the  faid  William,  the  wardfiiip  of  his  the  faid  Thomas's 
pevfon,  and  all  his  lands  and  tenements  with  their  appurtenances.  And  as  it  was 
found  that  the  faid  Thomas  had  been  in  fuch  wardlhip,  the  abbot  difcharged  him 
from  the  fine,  and  the  diftrefs  which  had  been  fuffered  on  that  account  ". 

During  the  above  rainority,  namely,  14  Edw.  I.  a  furvey  was 
taken  of  this  village  among  others,  when  Solomon  de  Hoff  and 
his  affociates,  itinerant  juftices,  made  the  circuit  of  this  county. 
T'his  furvey  is  long  and  minute  ;  but  its  very  minutenefs  fur- 
nidies  ^o  many  llriking  particulars,  that  I  fhall  tranfcribe  it 
entire. 

'  A  village  about  6  miles  from  Bury,  given  by  Vv'illtam  the  Conqueror  to  the  monaflery.  Here, 
as  alfo  at  Elmfwcll,  aboat  6  miles  t'roiii  Buiy,  the  abbot  had  a  Icat.  as  he  had  likcwiic  at  other  places. 
Upon  the  vilitatigii  ot  the  abbey,  jjivvious  to  its  DiiroUition,  one  ot  the  tew  charges  againli  the 
abjot  was,   that  he  f:;ent  loo  much  o!  his  time  at  his  coiuitry  hoiiies, 

^  AIS.  C. 

Hauflede. 


Chap.  III.]  OF         H     A     W     S     T     E     D.  85 

Hauftcdc.  I'homas  Filiiis  Eujladi  '  capitalis  dns  cjiifdem  ville  tenet  i  melT.  cc 
et  XL  a.  terre,  x  a.  prati,  et  x  a.  bofci,  unum  niolcndinuni  "  verur.  cum  libertate 
falde  '  apr.  et  verr.  ■*  cum  advoc.  ccclie  rjuldem  ville  dc  abbate  ^ci.  Edini,  et 
facit  hundredode  '1  hingho  pro  ie  et  tenentibus  fubl'criptis  unam  ledam  de  iij  fep- 
timanis  in  iij  ieptinianas  •,  et  xxx  d,  per  ann.  ballivo  ejufdem  hundred!,  et  ad 
feretri)m  Sci  Edmi  xls.  per  ann.  et  idem  abbas  tenet  dc  duo  rcge  in  capite. 
Idem  Thomas  tenet  dc  eodcm  abbate  per  prediita  lervicia  ^^  a.  terre,  quas  villani 
fui  de  eo  tenent  cum  fuis  me'J.  Calfridus  Freman  tenet  dc  rodein  Thoma  i  meff. 
ct  XX  a,  terre  cum  pt-rt.  pro  ijs.  per  ann.  heres  Johannis  del  Brcke  tenet  de  eodem 
I  melV.  et  iij  a.  nrrc  pio  i;]  d.  per  ann.  Johcuuies  Coc  tenet  1  meH".  lij  a.  terre  et 
iij  rodas  terre,  viz.  nieli'.  et  iij  a.  de  pred.  Thnma  et  iij  rodas  de  Roberto  le  Ros  pro 
iiljd.  et  idem  K.  dc  pred.  abbate.  Radiilphus  Carpenler  tenet  ij  mcfl".  et  vij  a 
terre,  viz.  i  mefl'.  et  vj.  a.  terre  de  eodem  Thoma  pro  iiij  d.  ob.  per  ann.  et  1  meli. 
et  I  a.  terre  de  Roberts  Ic  Ros,  et  i!le  11.  de  pred.  Thoma.  'TLwmas  Is  Bars  tenet 
1  nielT.  dc  eodem  Thoma,  ct  i  a.  terre  provd.  per  ann,  Robet t us  Bernard  t<;r\i:-t 
de  eodem  Thoma  1  rndf.  ct  ix  a.  terre,  i  a.  prati  pio  ixd.  p<;r  ann.  Galfridus 
de  Arefcrd  tenet  i  mtlT.  et  1  a.  icric  de  eodem  Thoma  pro  vj  d.  per  ann.  Uadulpb^Y'S 
Upholder  tenet  i  mefl.  dc  eodem  pro  iiijd.  per  ann.  Fjiietyn  tenet  i  melT.  vij  a  terre 
et  j  rodam- terre,  viz.  vij  a.  terre  de  eodem  Thoma,  pro  iiij  s.  per  ann.  ct  i  meli'. 
ct  I  rodam  terre  de  Roberto  de  Beylbam  pro  iij  d.  et  ille  de  predi(5to  Tlioma.  Johannes 
de  Genen  tenet  v.  a.  de  Willieiino  Tclcmache  pro  i  libra  cimini  *,  et  i!lc  de  pred. 
abbate.  ll'Uhelntus 

'  At  Gnatfliale,  where  he  had  property,  he  was  called  Euface  iJe  Hi^ujlck- 

*  A  I'orn-miU  was  a  common  appendage  of  a  manor.  Sometimes  the  tenants  were  obliged  to  grind 
at  that  and  no  (ither.  See  Dugdale's  \\  anv.  p.  668.  So  the  old  author  of  jh-xtyc^e,  generally 
printed  with  Fitzherbert's  hushnnitiy,  fays,  it  is  to  the  moft  part  cuftom  of  the  tenants  to  grind  th.ir 
C'/rn  at  the  lord's  iiiiln,  and  that  as  me  feemeth,  all  fiich  corn  as  groweth  npon  the  lords  grotmd, 
that  they  fpend  in  their  houfes. —  And  if  they  grnd  not  their  corn  at  the  lords  miin,  the  'ord  may 
amerce  them  in  his  co<irr;  or  e  (e  he  mav  hie  them  at  the  common  law,  de  leita  molendini  iucinula. 
Chap.  IX.     1  am  informed,  it  is  Itill  fo  at  Manehefter. 

^  When  lords  of  manors  granted  parcels  of  lands  to  their  dependants,  they  often  refer\ed  tothem- 
felves  the  exclufive  privilege  of  having  a  fleepfold;  fo  that  the  little  tenants  could  not  fold  their  own 
flieep  on  their  own  land,  but  were  obliged  to  let  them  be  folded  with  fhoic  of  the  lord,  or  pay  a 
fine.  This  was  enriching  the  lord's  domains  ;  but  a  moft  cruel  empovcriflm.cnt  of  the  lands  of  his 
villans. 

*  How  the  Aper  and  Verres  efftntially  differed.  I  cannot  fay  ;  but  it  may  be  worth  rciiiarking,  that 
in  all  the  villages  in  'liis  iurvey,  w  hert  the  lord  had  the  liberty  of  fold,  he  is  laid  to  have  that  a'lo 
/^pri  et  \'erris  ;  whereas,  when  the  liberty  of  fold  did  not  belong  to  him  (as  it  frequently  did  not) 
then  l;e  had,  Libertatem  Tauri  et  Apri,  or  libcrum  !  aurcm  et  Aprum.  The  nature  of  this  jjri- 
vilege,  audits  vexatioiilneis  to  the  village  in  general,  appears  from  the  feillewing  verdic't  pre'erved 
by  '1  horoton,  in  his  Kill,  of  Nott.  p.  42 — 13  i-dw.  1.  the  jury  found  that  J  B.  quondam  hufljand 
of  Maud,  had  his  But!  ami  B'to'  at  Kei worth,  f>u  to  gn  ami  eat  /«  tht  ccif,  rnearfo-vui,  cr  any  othtr  pia,:t 
in  tl}i  laid  ti<u.n,  where  he  would.  And  that  it  was,  as  the  laid  Maud  alledi:ed,  in  her  anfwer,  b\r 
realon  of  th^  tei  ements  ai;d  ad'.owfon  of  the  church  in  the  laid  town  in  which  flic  was  at  that  tin.'e 
eiu'ow«'.  Therefore  Tho.  de  R.  who  had  taken  and  empoui.ded  her  bull,  becauic  he  eat  of  his 
corn,  vsa-    •   v./i/iVorV/a,  at  her  mercy. 

'  i'l.i  d  in-(fuit  at  tie  hundred  court  every  three  weeks  was  a  very  troublefome  fervice  :  many 
who  h-   I   •  I   ihe  abhot  did  it  only  twice  a  vi^ar,  at  Michaelrnas  and  Chriflmas. 

'  C umniin  is  a  warm  aron:aiic  feed,  uied  by  our  anceftors  fVr  many  medicinal  purpofes  ;  perhaps 
alio  for  the  p rclervation  of  their  pigeons,  which  are  fo  remarkablv  fond  of  ir,  that  to  this  da-. ,  a  cake 

v.e.l 


86  HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S        [Chap.  IN. 

IVUHehmts  Talmache  tenet  i  melT.  cc  fi^,  a.  terre,  xij  a.  prati,  xxiiij  a.  bofci, 
I  tnolend.  ventr.  cum  libertate  falde,  Apr.  et  Verr.  de  abbnte  Sci.  Edm'i  pro  uno 
teodo  militis  ',  et  facie  pro  le  et  tencntibus  fuis  i  feft.  ad  hund.  de  Thingho  de 
iij  feprimanis  in  iij  fcptimanas,  et  ballivo  ejufdem  hiind.  xij  d.  per  ann.  et  ad  ward. 
Caftclii  Norwic.  ad  finem  xx  feptiman.  iij  s.  et  idem  de  cino  rege.  idem  W.  tenet  de 
eodem  abha:e  xxxij  a.  terre  per  pred.  fervic.  quas  villani  fui  de  eo  tenent  cum  fuis 
VnefT.  Mnbil  Gymel  tenet  de  eodem  Willielmo  i  rnefT.  et  ij  a.  terre  pro  ij  s.  per  ann. 
,  Vbilippus  Noel  '■  tenet  i  nieff".  \m  a.  terre,  iiij  a.  prati,  vij  a.  boici  ab  eodem  abbate 
pro  xvijd.  per  ann.  et  Cii.  feft.  hund  de  Thingho-,  et  xl  a.  terre  de  Thoma  Fil. 
Eujlac.  pro  xij  d.  per  ann.  et  ille  Thomas  de  pred.  abbate,  et  ille  ut  fupra.  Walterus 
di' Stanton  tenet  i  meff.  j^^  a.  terre,  iij  a  prati  et  pilhve,  i  a.  bofci  de  eodem 
abbate  pro  xvij  d.  per  ann.  et  tti.  fed.  hundredo  de  Thingho,  et  ille  abbas  ut  fupra. 
Robertus  de  Ros  tenet  i  meff.  lvi  a.  terre,  iij  a.  prati,  v.  a.  bofci,  viz.  mefT.  pred, 
et  XL  a.  terre,  bofcum,  et  pratum  pred.  de  pred.  Tboma  Fil.  Eujlacii  pro  xvij  d.  per 
ann.  et  ille  Thomas  de  pred.  abbate,  et  idem  de  rege,  et  xij  a.  terre  de  Edmundo 
de  Welnctham  pro  i  d.  per  ann.  et  d^i  lib.  piperis  ",  et  idem  E.  de  abbate,  et  ille  ut 
fupra  •,  et  v  a.  terre  de  Roberto  de  Beylham  pro  ob.  per  ann.  et  idem  R.  de  Gilberto 
del  Have,  et  ille  G.  de  abbate,  et  ille  ut  fupra.  jJdam  de  De?iham  tenet  i  mefT. 
de  eodem  pro  vjd.  per  ann.  Edwardus  Bercarius  tenet  i  meff.  pro  vij  d.  per  ann. 
Agnes  dc  B'^Jfo  tenet  i  meff".  pro  vj  d.  Johannes  Cohbe  i  meff".  ij  a.  terre  pro  xxx  d. 
IfabsUa  fila  R'lcardi  i  meff.  pro  xxij  d.  per  aim.  Philippus  Childe  i  melT.  pro  xijd. 
IVilliclmus  ael  Dam  i  melf.  pro  xijd.  Johannes  le  Eloze  i  mefl".  ijd.  Williebnus  de 
Cramaville  tenet  i  meflT.  vij  a.  terre,  vu  a  prati,  viij  a.  bofci,  viz.  meff'.  pred.  y^  et 
vj  a.  terre,  bolcum  et  pratum  pred.  de  pred.  abbate  pro  ixd.  per  ann.  et  xxxij  d. 
ad  feretrum  Sci  Ednii.  et  unam  fedam  hundredo  de  1  hingho  pro  fe  et  tenentibus 
fuis  fubfcriptis ;  et  ix  a.  terre  de  Roberto  de  Ros  pro  vjd.  per  ann.  et  ille  de  pred. 

well  fcnfoned  with  it,  is  often  placed  in  Dove-hoiifes.    A  hod's  wife,  fays  Overbury  in  his  Charaftcrs, 
is  the  cummin  feed  of  his  Dove-ho\ife.     It  was  frequently  a  referved  rent. 

'  It  is  not  afcertained  what  quantity  of  land  conftituted  a  knight's  fee,  nor  what  military  fervice 
was.  to  be  perfonncd  foi-  it.  It  was,  however,  in  confequence  of  this  fee,  that  Talmache  was  to 
pay  iij  s.  every  xx  weeks  for  the  guard  of  Norwich  Caftle.  f  he  abbot  ufed  to  pay  yearly  for  caftle- 
guard  and  wait-fee  xvj  1.  iij  s.  iiij  d. ;  for  his  eight  hundreds  and  a  half  vj  i.  xiij  s.  liij  d.  rent,  which  he 
colicrted  of  the  tenants  that  held  the  fees  of  him,  every  twenty  weeks.  Blomefield's  Hift.  Norf. 
V.  II.  p.  575.  The  manor  is  ftill  charged  with  this  outgoing,  which  is  now  called  "  a  feodary,  or 
"  caftle  guard  rent,  due  to  his  majelty  ;'  and  paid  at  the  end  of  every  five  terms,  reckoning  twenty 
W'eeks  to  a  term,  iij  s.  each  term  :  befides  i  s.  viij  d.  acquittance.  This  tax  was  formerly  called 
ivarfenni,  that  is,  vvardpenny,  and  was  confirmed' to  the  abbot  for  the  eight  hundreds  and  a  half 
by  king  |ohn. 

•  Spelled  alio  about  this  UmtNuill;  afterwards  Ntiixe/L  His  defcendants  had  fome  property  or 
claim  liere  longer  perhaps  than  thofe  of  any  recorded  in  this  furvey  ;  for  6  Henry  VIII.  yr/wcj  Ao^iv//, 
of  Hylcote  in  Stafiordflure,  gentleman,  gave  up  all  his  title  and  chum  to  all  the  lands,  &cc.  which  his 
ancellors  held  in  Haufted. 

^  Pepper  has  been  at  all  times  of  the  greatcft  ufe  in  the  kitchen  ;  but  how  it  came  to  be  fo  often 
paid  in  part  of  rent,  I  cannot  well  guefs.  Jt  was  not  like  thole  jjlcifnig  and  uncoftly  acknowledge- 
ments of  a  rofe  or  gilliflouer  ;  but  being  a  foreign  produrtion,  muli  have  l)een  bought  by  the  tenant, 
and  might  full  as  well  have  been  procured  by  the  lord. 

Our  ancellors  were  very  fond  ot  fpices,  and  imported  fome  of  the  more  valuable  kinds  of  them 
foon  after  the  Conqucll:  they  doubtlefs  found  them  necelfary  for  digefting  the  grols  food  that  made 
part  of  their  meals.    A  porpelTe,  I  fliould  fuppofc,  icquired  a  good  dole  ot  lealonin 

3  '  abbate : 


Chap.  III.]  OF        H     A    \V     S     T     E     D.  S7 

abbate:  et  vij  a.  terre  de  Philippn  Noel,  pro  i'ls.  et-idem  de  abbate;  et  xvj  .1.  de 
"Jobanne  Bolax  pro  vj  d.  et  idem  J.  de  pred.  abb;ue  ;  ct  ai)bds  de  dno  rege.  Wtllielmus 
Alteivcnt  tenet  i  mefl'.  et  dim  a.  terre  pro  xij  d.  per  ann.  "Johannes  de  Breris  '  v  a.  [-.ro 
vd.  per  ann.  Gaijridus  Catclot  1  mcfl".  pro  vjd.  Waltenis  le  Holder  i  mtfT.  pro  i  ob. 
Thor.'as  Mercalor  i  mefi".  pro  vj  d.  Jcbtimies  Cott  i  meff.  pro  vjijd.  per  ann.  Vi'illtehuus 
Bercarins  ^  ij  a.  terre  pro  ijd,  per  ann.  Johannes  de  Beylham  tenet  i  mefl".  Lij  a. 
terre,  iij  a.  bofci,  ij  j^'au.  viz.  mefT.  et  xxx  a.  terre,  ij  a.  et  di.  bofci,  i  a. 
prati  de  abbare  Sci  Ecrni  pro  ixd.  per  ann.  et  quarta  parte  i  ie(5l.  ad  bund,  de 
Thingo.  Item  iij  a.  de  Willielmo  Talemache  pro  xiiij  d.  et  idem  W.  de  pred. 
abbare  :  et  xij  a.  terre  et  cfi  a.  bofci  de  Peiro  de  Gynulpro  ob.  per  ann.  et  idem  P. 
de  abbate.  et  v  a.  de  Rogero  de  Exnynge  pro  id.  per  ann.  et  ille  de  abbate  :  et  ij  a. 
terre,  1  a.  bofci  et  i  a.  bofci  et  i  a.  prati  de  Stmano  de  Haujlede,  et  idem  S.  de 
abbate,  et  abbas  de  d'no  rege.  Benediclus  de  Haujlede  tenet  i  mefl".  et  xv  a.  terre 
cum  pert.  viz.  mefi".  et  v  a.  de  pred.  abbate  pro  v  d.  et  ij  buff,  avcne  :  et  v  a.  terre 
de  'ihoma  fil.  Euftac.  pro  ij  s.  i  d.  ob.  et  ille  de  abbate  ;  et  iij  a.  et  di  de  Roberto 
de  Ros  pro  ijd.  et  ille  de  pred.  Thoma,  et  ille  de  abbate  :  et  1  a.  ft  d'i  de  Willielmo 
Talemaebe  pro  ijd.  ct  ille  de  abbate,  et  abbas  de  rege.  Jcbaiuies  Filius  IVakelyn  tenet 
I  melT.  et  ix  a.  terre  cum  pert.  viz.  melT.  et  v  a.  terre  de  pred.  abbate  pro  iij  d.  per 
ann,  et  i  bulT.  avene  :  et  ij  a.  de  Roberto  de  Beylham  pro  vijd.  per  ann.  et  i  a. 
de  Willielmo  Talemache  pro  vd.  per  ann.  et  i  a.  de  Thoma  fil.  Eullac.  pro  vjd. 
per  ann.  et  ille  de  abbate,  et  abbas  de  rege.  Nkbolaus  Aldred  ^  tenet  i  melT.  xviij  a. 
terie,  i  a.  prati  de  pred.  abbate  pro  viij  d.  per  ann.  et  i  bufl".  avene.  Saleman  Childe 
tenet  i  meff.  dc  eodeni  N.  pro  vj  d.  per  ann.  Adam  Aldred  tenet  i  meff.  et  xviij  a. 
terre,  viz.  de  abbate  meff.  et  xv  a.  terre  cum  pert,  pro  vd.  per  ann.  et  i  bull', 
avene;  et  iij  a.  de  Galfrido  Filio  OJherti  pio  ijd.  et  ille  de  abbate.  Matilda  Cobb 
tenet  ij  a.  terre  de  codem  Adam  pro  iiij  d.  Joatma  de  Wra7npli>igham  tenet  i  meir. 
de  abbate  pro  vd.  ct  ij  buff,  avene  per  ann.  Jobannes  Ic  Hove  tenet  i  melT.  et  iiij  a. 
terre  de  pred.  abbate  pro  iijd.  ob.  per  ann.  et  ij  bulT.  avene.  Regents  de  JankcJle 
tenet  i  mefl".  et  i  a.  terre  de  eodem  abbate  pro  i  d.  ob  per  ann.  "Jobannes  Carpenter 
tenet  I  mefl".  ij  a.  terre  de  eodem  abbate  pro  xijd.  per  ann.  Thomas  Films  Ofoerti 
tenet  viij  a.  terre  pro  ij  d.  per  ann.  de  abbate.  Johannes  de  Cheventon  tenet  i  mefl". 
XV  a.  terre,  iii]  a.  bofci  de  pred.  abbate  pro  ixd.  per  ann.  Henricus  Filitts  Nicholai 
ctRichardus  filius  ejus  tenet  i  mefT.  xv  a.  terre,  iiij  a.  bofci  de  eodem  abbate  pro 
ixd.  per  anr.  Rogerus  de  Manezvsde  tenet  i  mefl".  et  xv  a.  terre,  viz.  mefl.  et 
vij  a.  de  Edmundo  de  V/elnetham  pro  xiij  d.  et  i  funima  "  avene  :  et  ij  a.  de  Semano 
de  Hauflede  pro  ijd.  per  ann.  et  ille  de  pred.  E.  et  ille  de  abbate-,  et  ij  a.  terre 
de'fhomafii.  Eullac.  pro  iiij  d.  per  ann.  ct  ij  a.  terre  de  Johanne  del  Broke  pro 
id.  etillej.de  pred.  Thoma,  et  ille  de  abbate.  ct  ij  a.  de  Flofintali  Sanfli  Jobarwif 
de  Batisford^  pro  iiijd.  in  perpetuaii  elemolinam.     Johannes  Elhctt  tenet  i  fiielT. 

'  Afterwards  Kryars.     Biyar^s  ivooJ  to  this  day. 

'  Sheplierd.   Hence  Barker  ;  a  name  it  ill  extant  here. 

3  This  is  one  of  the  lew  Saxon  names  that  occur  in  this  lift.  EUred,  its  coniiption,  llill  remains  in 
the  neighbourhood. 

■i  Siimma  is  8  biifhels,  or  a  cpiarter. 

»  In  this  county.  This  holj-ital,  upon  the  Difiblution,  was  granted  to  the  Grcfliam  familj- :  and  the 
timbci-vvork  of  :he  origin."!  Royal  Exchange  is  laid  to  have  been  lawn  cut,  and  tiau.cd  in  tliis 
parilh. 

et 


SS  HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  QJ J  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  HI. 

cc  V  a.  ct  iTi  teri-c-.  viz.  mciT.  et  ij  a.  et  di  terre  de  Willielmg  dc  CrawaTill  pro  ij  d. 
j)ci"  aiin.  ct  ii!e  o'e^'.bbate;  er  i]  a,  tcnede  Roberto  de  /lo.f  pro  v  dV  per  ann.<  et  iile 
t!f  abbace;  et  i  a.  de  GaIf,ido  Freeman  pro  i  d.  per  ann.  et  idem  G.  de  Tbpna  Fil. 
Euflar.  ti  ille  de  abbate,  ct  itlem  abbas  totum  hoc  de  df.o  rcae.  Bemardus  ttnct 
1  mejl.  et  iij  a.  terre,  viz.  mefl.  et  i  a.  de  Edmtindo  de  Wtlnetham  pro  ijd  per  aim, 
ct  ij  i..'  terre  de  Wiliiclmo  Talchdche  pro  ^iijd.  per  ann.  et  illi  (ie  abbate  lu  i'gper. 
iiciifiidus  FUius  Ojjjerti  tenet  i  meii.  et  xij  a.  terre,  viz.  mtfl".  tt  viij.  a.  pro  ij  d. 
ij.  per  ann.  de  abbate,  et  iij  a.  de  Semano  de  Haujhde  pro  iiijd.  per  ann.  et  t  a.  de 
'JoJjaivie  Bolax  pro  ob.  per  ann.  et  ilie  de  abbate.  WilUei'nus  Bercarius  tentt  v.  a. 
ttrre  ec  ui.  viz.  de  Wllilelnio  Qam^vill  ij  a.  pro  ij  d.  ij  a.  et  di  de  Roberto  de  Belcha?n 
\no  ijd.  ob.  et  i  a.  de  A/j/'/7  Gymelti  Roberto  de  Ros  \->xo  id.  et  illi  de  abbate. 
J.icia  foror  ejufdtm  W.  tenet  i  mefT,  i  a.  et  i  rodain  terre  de  abbate  pro  r  d.  cb. 
per  ann.  Idayae  tenet  i  mcd.  ij  a.  et  di  terre,  viz.  mefi'.  de  Williehiio  Cramavill  pro 
xd.  per  ann.  et  pred.  terrain  tltCalfrido  Fil.OJberto  pro  id.  ob.  et  illi  de  abbate. 
lVii7ieJi}?us  Pachet  tenet  i  meff.  et  &i  a.  terre  dc  Edmutido  de  V/ehietham  pro  xijd.  per 
ann,  Heredes  Thome  Farniefiiar  \tenent  i  tnclT.  viij  a.  teric,  viz.  meff.  et  vj.  a.  de 
WiUielmo  Cramavill  pro  vjs.  et  ij  a.  de  Roberto  de  Bcyloam,  et  de  Semano  pro  ijd. 
per  ann.  et  illi  de  abbate.  Semanus  de  Ojmundisfelde  tenet  i  meff.  x.'tvij  a.  terre,  ij  a. 
bofci  et  iij  a.  prati  de  abbate  Sci  Edmi  pro  xviij  d.  per  ann.  Ricardiis  de  Saxham 
tenet  i  meff.  „„  xiij  a.  terre  cum  pertin.  viz.  xxvij  a.  I'e  pred.  abbate  pro  xx  d. 
per  ann.  et  xx  a.  de  WiUielmo  de  Cramavill  pro  vj  d.  et  ix  a.  et  di  de  Roberto  de 
Beilhum  pro  viij  d.  et  v.  a.  er  di  de  Semano,  pro  iij  d.  et  iij  a.  de  Calfrido  Filio  Ojherti 
pro  id.  et  I  a.  de  WiUielmo  Alderman  pro  i  d.  et  dc  Roberto  Breris  et  Galfrido  Fre- 
iiianv  a.  provd.  et  dt  Johanne  Elyott  iij  a.  pro  id.  item  i  meff.  et  xv  a.  terre  de 
Edmundo  de  Weltknelham  pro  ij  s.  iiij  d.  et  iij  buff,  avene  per  ann.  et  iij  a.  et  Su 
de  Rogero  de  Manewode  et  Ffabella  k  Ros  pro  iij  d.  ec  totum  hue  de  abbate  pred.  ^. 

The  above  detail  exhibits  a  picflure  of  this  village  very  dif- 
ferent from  what  fome  may  have  expeded.  It  has  been  thought, 
that  thefe  parts  of  the  country,  fo  favourable  to  the  production  of 
trees,  were  fome  centuries  ago  over-run  with  wood;  and  that  our 
forefathers  lived  furrounded  and  almoft  fulfocated  with  thickets 
and  forefts.  Whereas  we  fee  by  this  account,  that  the  whole 
quantity  of  wood  here  was  but  68  acres.  It  is  probable,  indeed, 
that  the  hedges  and  borders  of  the  fields  were  at  this  time  fur- 
niflied  with  timber-trees,  and  other  wood,  as  we  fliall  fee  they 
afterwards  were.    Even  two  centuries  before  this,  when  Domef- 

'  Parchment  maker.  '■  MS.  C. 

day- 


Chap.  III.]  OFHAWSTED.  89 

day-book  was  drawn  xip,  the  quantity  of  wood  here  amid  not 
have  been  confiderable.  There  was  then  faid  to  be,  *'  Sylva  de  in 
"  Pore."  or  wood  fufficient  to  yield  maft  for  the  fupport  of  three 
Hogs.  What  precife  quantity  of  wood  was  fuppofed  neceflary 
for  that  purpofe,  is  not  eafy  to  fay:  but  we  may  fafely  conclude, 
it  bore  a  very  fmall  proportion  to  the  contents  of  the  lands  in 
the  village  '. 

The  prodigious  quantity  of  arable  land  is  a  circumftance  not 
a  little  remarkable.  Almoft  the  whole  village  was  under  the 
plough ;  for  there  were  between  1 3  and  1 4  hundred  acres  of 
arable  land,  and  only  45  of  meadow.  But  this  confideration 
will  meet  us  again  under  the  article  of  agriculture.  In  the  mean 
time  it  may  not  be  amifs  to  obferve,  that  the  above  numbers  of 
acres  are  by  computation  ;  for  it  was  not  till  about  1 7  years  after 
this,  namely,  31  Edw.  I.  that  the  quantity  of  an  acre  was  fettled 
by  law ;  and  this  is  the  reafon,  that  in  this  furvey,  the  village 
is  reprefented  as  containing  lefs  land  by  a  fourth  part  than  it 
adlually  does,  fince  its  acres  were  meafured  by  ftatute.  In  like 
manner,  to  this  day,  where  miles  are  computed,  they  are  always 
longer  than  thofe  that  are  meafured.  Why  computation  fliould 
thus  exceed  menfuration,  I  pretend  not  to  determine. 

The  populoufnefs  of  this  village  at  fo  remote  a  period  is  ano- 
ther circumftance  worth  obferving.  There  were  no  lefs  than  50 
mefluages  or  houfes.  At  this  day  there  are  but  52;  12  of 
which  are  divided  into  2,  and  3  into  3  parts^  or  tenements,  con- 
taining in  all  70  families,  and  415  perfons.  If  therefore  the 
houfes  were  as  well  flocked  with  inhabitants  as  they  are  now, 
the  place  muft  have  been  nearly  as  populous  as  it  is  at  prefent. 

•  The  author  of  N"  VI.  of  Bib.  Top.  Biit.  thinks,  that  the  word  pore,  in 
Domefday  fometimes  means  not  hogs,  but  forcaries,  or  certain  number  of  hogs, 
p.  46.  Perhaps  that  enlarged  fenfe  of  the  term  may  be  applicable  in  the  prelent 
inftance. 

N  Fifty- 


90        IflSTORY    AND    ANTIQ.UITIES    [Chap.  III. 

Fiftv-feven  perfons  are  fpecified  as  holding  land  or  houfes ;  and 
there  might  perhaps  be  more  ;  for  when  the  acres  holden  by 
villans  come  to  be  diftindtly  enumerated,  they  fall  Ihort  of  the 
grofs  numbers  fciid  to  be  ib  holden  ;  fo  that  perhaps  fome  of 
thofe  occupiers  may  by  fome  miftake  have  been  omitted.  The 
domeftics  aUb  of  the  lords  of  the  two  manors  were  certainly 
numerous,  and  ought  to  be  reckoned  among  the  inhabitants,, 
though  they  held  neither  lands  nor  houfes. 

It  is  not  perfe(5lly  eafy  to  account  for  this  populoufnefs, 
which  was  not  national.  It  prevailed  alfo,  I  obferve,  among 
the  neighbouring  villages.  Perhaps  the  abbatial  government 
might  be  favourable  to  it.  The  ecclefiaftics  were  mild  and 
indulgent  landlords  :  their  courts,  where  their  tenants  were  tried, 
were  probably  lefs  arbitrary,  than  thofe  of  the  great  manerial 
lords  ;  and  their  dependants  lefs  likely  to  be  torn  from  their 
homes  and  families,  than  thofe  of  the  warlike  barons.  For  thefe 
caufes,  it  is  likely,  the  villages  under  the  jurifdidlion  and  prote61:ion 
of  the  neighbouring  abbey  might  invite  fettlers  from  other 
parts,  and  enjoy  a  population  in  general  unknown.  So  I  am 
informed,  that  in  thofe  parts  of  Italy,  from  which  the  Jefuits 
have  been  expelled,  the  lands  that  belonged  to  that  fociety  have 
become  worfe  tenanted  and  worfe  cultivated  than  they  were  before 
the  fupprellion  of  thofe  Religious. 

Of  the  above  57  perfons,  43  were  occupiers  of  land,  which 
is  nearly  double  the  number  of  thofe  at  prefent.  This  great 
difFufion  of  land  may  at  firft  fight  be  thought  to  have  contri- 
buted to  the  comfort  and  plenteous  living  of  the  inhabitants ; 
yet  perhaps  it  did  not  in  fad:.  Seven  of  the  occupiers  held  two- 
thirds  of  the  whole  ;  fo  that  there  were  barely  400  acres  to  be 
divided  among  36  perfons,  which  is,  upon  an  average,  about 
1 1  acres  a  man  ;  but  the  parcels  were  very  unequally  divided. 
Now  a  fmall  parcel  of  land,  it  is  well  known,  is  always  cultivated 

at 


Chap  III.]  O    F       tt    A    W    S    T    E     D.  91 

at  a  proportionably  much  greater  expence  than  a  large  one,  and 
generally  in  an  inferior  manner  ;  fo  that  no  one  lives  more  poorly, 
or  fares  more  hardly,  than  a  little  farmer;  while  the  public  is  alfo 
a  lofer  by  his  fcanty  crops.  Befides,  mofl  of  the  little  occupiers 
of  old  were  obliged  to  do  many  fervices  for  their  lords,  which  took 
up  much  of  their  time,  and  prevented  their  making  the  moft  of 
their  own  fpots.  It  is  probable,  therefore,  that  the  occupiers  of 
thefe  little  patches  of  land  did  not  live  in  greater  plenty  than  if 
they  had  been  day-labourers ;  and  it  is  certain,  that  the  village, 
thus  frittered  to  pieces,  produced  on  the  whole  lefs  corn  than  if  it 
had  been  equally  divided  into  1 5  or  20  farms. 

By  the  above  furvey,  it  alfo  appears,  that  there  were  now  two 
manors  in  the  village.  That  belonging  to  Fitz  Euftace  was  the 
capital  one,  and  emphatically  called  the  Manor  of  Hawfted.  The 
lite  of  the  houfe  was  probably  an  irregular  fpot,  near  the  prefent 
Lodge,  furrounded  with  a  deep  moat,  and  containing  about  2000 
fquare  yards.  It  is  called  by  fome  old  people,  I  know  not  why, 
Jews  lard.  The  other  was  called  afterwards  T'a/mcJcbe'T,  alias 
Bokenhain''s  ;  and  the  prefent  flyle  of  the  manor  is,  the  Manor  of 
Hazvjied  Hall,  with  Bokenhanis.  The  houfe  was  afterwards  the 
refidence  of  the  Drurys,  and  called  Hawjled Houfe  ^xu^HawJied Places 
part  of  which  is  ftill  Handing. 

FlTZ      EUSTACE. 

The  father  of  Thomas,  mentioned  in  the  above  furvey,  died, 
as  we  have  feen,  the  laft  of  Henry  III.  and  was  called  Euftace  Fitz 
Thomas.  He  married  Johanna  la  Colvyle,  who,  under  the  title  of 
Johanna  la  Colvyle  (for  widows,  efpecially  heirefTes,  often  re- 
fumed  their  maiden  names)  with  Thomas  her  fon,  prefented  Roger 
Fitz  Euftace,  probably,  another  of  her  fens,  to  the  re6lory  of 
Hawfted,  2.  Edw.  II.  The  manor  did  not  continue  in  this  family 
more  than  two  generations  after  this.  For,  by  the  exemplification 
of  a  fine,  it  ai:)pears  that,  10  Edw.  II.  Thomas  Fitz  Euftace- and 

N    2  Amicia 


92  HISTORY    AND    ANTlQ^UlTlES  [Chap.  111. 

Amicia  his  wife,  fettled,  after  their  deceafe,  the  manors  of  Hau- 
ilede,  and  Codenham  near  Boxford,  with  their  appurtenances, 
upon  Robert  the  fon  of  the  faid  Thomas  :  that  Robert  died  feifed 
of  the  manor  of  Hauftede;  and  that  Sir  John  Fitz  Eultace,  his 
fon  and  heir,  and  Ehzabeth  his  wife,  fold  it  to  William  de  Mid- 
dilton,  and  Ifabella  his  wife,  27  Edw.  III. 

The  above  Thomas  and  Robert  his  fon,  in  the  reigns  of  Edward 
I.  and  ill.  obtained  grants  of  free  warren  in  the  manor  of  Hauftede. 
We  complain,  and  with  reafon,  of  the  feverity  of  the  prefent 
game  laws ;  but  what  fhall  we  fay  of  thofe  times,  when  lords 
were  forced  to  fue  to  the  crown  for  liberty  to  kill  game  on  their 
own  manors  ? 

MIDDILTON, 

This  family  was  very  anciently  fituated  at  Mendham  in  this 
county.  Sir  William,  who  purchafed  this  manor,  was  flierifF  of 
Norfolk,  20  and  25  Edward  III.  During  the  fliort  time  he  was  lord, 
namely,  32  Edward  III.  an  extent,  or  furvey,  and  valuation  of  the 
manor  was  taken,  which  contains  fome  particulars  that  are  worthy 
of  notice.  It  begins  with,  "  Eft  ibidem  mej/uagium  edi/icatum, 
"  cum  tribus  gardinis,  et  duobus  curtilagiis  ad  eundem  inclufum. 
"  Columbarium.      Molendinum  quod  valet  per  ann.  XLS'." 

Though  this  Ihort  defcription  of  the  manfion  itfelf  conveys  no 
fpecific  idea,  yet  it  implies  fome  excellence  of  conftru6lion,  that 
had  not  perhaps  been  long  introduced.  It  had  probably  been 
newly  erefted  by  Sir  William  himfelf.  Of  the  elaborate  archi- 
tedture  of  this  reign,  even  in  civil  buildings,  feveral  curious  par- 
ticulars may  be  colle^fted  from  Chaucer's  works. 

The  houfe  was  furnifhed  with  a  pigeon-houfe,  three  gardens, 
and  two  court  yards.     The  luxury  of  three  gardens,  at  this  early 

'  The  original,  nnd  a  copy  of  it,  of  a  not  much  later  date,  are  both  in  my  pof- 
fcflion  ;  the  lauer  is  of  elegant  penmanlhip,  fome  of  it  written  with  red  ink,  that 
Itill  retains  the  utmofl  beauty  and  frcflinels, 

4  period^ 


Chap  111.3  O     F       H     A    W    S    T    E    D.  93 

period,  muft  at  firft  appear  very  remarkable,  when  it  is  known  at 
how  low  an  ebb  horticulture  was  at  the  beginning  of  even  the  1 6th 
century,  hi  151  2,  the  opulent  earl  of  Northuniberland,  whofe 
houfehold  confilted  of  160  perfons,  had,  1  think,  but  one  gar- 
dener, who  attended  "  hourely  in  the  garden  for  fetting  of  erbis, 
"  and  clipping  of  knottis,  and  fweping  the  faid  garden  clene." 
Nay,  it  fhould  feem  as  if  fometimes  there  was  not  even  one  ;  for 
among  other  workmen  of  the  houfehold,  as  a  painter,  a  joiner, 
and  a  milnar,  is  mentioned  "  the  gardener  of  the  place  where 
"  my  lord  lyeth,  //  there  be  oone  '."  And  in  1539,  "^^^  later," 
according  to  Evelyn,  cabbages  were  imported  from  the 
Netherlands.  The  truth  is,  in  the  reigns  of  the  firft  Edwards, 
the  cultivation  of  the  garden  was  extended  even  to  the  more 
curious  and  delicate  produ6lions ;  but  neglected  afterwards 
during  the  contentions  of  the  houfes  of  York  and  Lancafter,  when 
horticulture,  as  well  as  the  other  arts  of  peace  and  polilhed  life, 
gave  way  to  the  havock  and  devaftation  of  civil  war;  nor  did  it  re- 
cover to  any  confiderable  degree  till  the  time  of  Elizabeth.  This 
we  learn  from  the  defcription  of  England  prefixed  to  Holinfhed's 
Chronicle,  publifhed  about  the  middle  of  the  reign  of  that  prin- 
cefs.  The  paflage  is  fo  curious  that  I  cannot  forbear  tranfcribing 
it.  "  Such  herbes,  fruites,  and  roots  alfo,  as  grow  yeerelie  out  of 
"  the  ground,  of  feed,  have  been  veric  plentifull  in  this  land,  in 
*'  the  time  of  the  firft  Edward  ',  and  after  his  dales  ;  but  in  pro- 
"  ceffe  of  time  they  grew  alfo  to  be  negle^led  ;  fo  that  from  Henry 
*'  IV.  till  the  latter  end  of  Henry  VII.  and  beginning  of  Henry  VIIF. 
"  there  was  little  or  no  ufe  of  them  in  England,  but  they  remayned 
"  either  unknown,  or  fuppofed  as  food  more  meete  for  hogs,  or 
*'  favage  beafts,  to  feed  upon,  than  mankind.  Whereas  in  my 
"  time  their  ufe  is  not  only  refumed  among  the  commons,  I  mean 
**  of  melons,  pompions, gourds,  cucumbers,  radiflies,  fkirrcts,  parf- 

'  Northumberland  Houfehold  Book,  p.  42. 

*  In  1294,  great  repairs  were  done  to  the  kitchen  garden,  and  other  garden  walls 
belonging  to  the  priory  at  Dunftaple.     Annals  of  Dunftaple. 

**  neps- 


94  HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  III. 

*'  neps,  carrots,  cabbages,  navewes,  turneps,  and  all  kinds  of  fallad 
"  herbes  ;  but  alfo  fed  upon  as  daintie  dilhes  at  the  tables  of  de- 
"  licate  merchants,  gentlemen,  and  nobilitie,  who  make  their  pro- 
"  vifion  yeerlie  for  new  feeds  out  of  ftrange  countries,  from 
"  whence  they  have  them  abundantlie  '." 

It  appears  alfo  from  the  following  items,  that  tiles  were  ufed,  or 
made  here,  at  this  time  ;  a  refinement  not  known,  even  in  fome 
towns,  till  many  years  afterwards.  The  hiftorian  of  Nottingham 
informs  us,  that  the  firft  tiled  houfe  there  was  in  j  503.  "  i  acr. 
*'  I  rode  terre  cum  una  domo  tegulator.  Prec.  Acr.  xii^."  Whether 
we  are  to  underftand  by  the  barbarous  and  mutilated  -wovdtegulator, 
that  the  houfe  was  tiled,  or  inhabited  by  tile-makers,  it  may  be  dif- 
ficult to  fay.  -Summa  valor,  dom.  tegulator,  vi/.  xiiij.  iiii^.  may 
incline  one  to  think  the  former  :  yet,  in  the  whole  rental,  but  one 
houfe  is  fo  defcribed  ;  2ii\d  fumma  valor,  is  applied  to  a  fingle  ob- 
ject, as  molendini.  In  a  rental,  15  Henry  VII.  mention  is  made 
oi  tyk-houfejield^  tyle-boufe  grove,  tyle  leys. 

The  lord  held  in  his  own  hands  572  acres  of  arable  land,  50  of 
meadow,  pafture  for  24  cows,  12  horfes,  and  as  many  oxen,  and 
40  of  wood.  This  was  a  noble  demefne,  and  may  ferve  to  give  an 
idea  of  the  plenty  that  mud  have  reigned  in  the  manfion  of  the 
principal  perfon  of  the  village  above  four  centuries  ago.  The  pro- 
portion of  arable  land  to  meadow  was  greatly  diminiilied  within 
about  80  years ;  for,  inftead  of  being  24  to  i,  it  was  now  only  a 
little  more  than  1 1  to  i.  This  was  probably  owing,  partly  to  the 
great  encouragement  which  Edward  III.  gave  to  the  wcoUen  ma- 
nufacture, and  partly  to  his  wars,  which  mud  have  been  inimical 
to  tillage.  The  confumption  of  flelh-meat,  we  may  conclude,  had 
now  increafed ;  and  indeed  5  years  after  this,  it  was  enjoined  by 
ftatute,  that  no  grooms,  or  fervants  of  lords,  Ihould  have  flefli  or 
fidi  above  once  a  day. 

There  feems  to  have  been  a  park  here  even  earlier  than  this  ; 

'  Holinfhed,  p.  208. 

for 


Chap.  III.]  O    F       H    A    W    S     T    E    D.  95 

for  a  piece  of  arable  land  of  36  acres  was  called  Park  Ji eld.  It  lay 
on  the  weft  of  the  church. 

The  principal  lord  had  now  begun  to  extend  his  property,  and 
engrofs  the  village.  The  eftates  of  Stanton  and  Noel  (now  called 
No  well)  and  of  others,  to  the  amount  of  2  1 8  acres,  had  been  pur- 
chafed. 

The  pleas  and  perquifites  of  the  court  were  worth  lxvj.  viii^. 
a  year. 

There  were  32  free  tenants  (Ubere  tenentes),  17  of  whom  per- 
formed fuit  of  court  every  3  weeks.  They  paid  all  together 
LXiiiJ".  nd.  ;  3  pecks  of  oats  (avene  grojfe)  \  5|  cocks  and  hens. 
The  lord  had  wardfliip  and  marriage '  of  all  the  heirs  under  age. 
Among  the  names  are  thofe  of  John  Fylet,  whofe  name  a  farm  on 
the  eaft  fide  of  the  green  ftill  bears.  It  was  early  the  proj^erty  of 
the  Rookwoods,  and  is  fo  now  of  their  reprefentative,  Sir  Thomas 
Rookwood  Gage,  bart.  See  Fillet's  arms,  Plate  3,  N"  7.  of  Henry 
Hopper,  by  whofe  name  a  piece  of  grovmd  is  ftill  diftinguillied  ; 
and  of  Robert  Cuppere,  whofe  defcendants,  now  called  Cowper, 
ftill  remain  here. 

To  this  manor  belonged  two  nativi,  or  fervants  born  of  fervile 
tenants.  Their  tenures  and  fervices  are  fo  diftindlly  enume- 
rated, that  we  have  a  perfect  idea  of  their  ftate  and  condition. 

Thomas  Frame  holds  i  meffuage  and  xxx  acres  of  arable 
land  and  pafture  at  the  yearly  rent  of  xxj-.,  to  be  paid,  by 
equal  portions,  at  Eafter  and  Michaelmas,  and  Chriftmas  mils', 
called  offring-Jilver,  befides  i  cock  and  11  hens,  at  the  fame  time. 
And  he  fliall  mow  the  lord's  meadow  iiii  whole  days.      And  all 

'  When  a  great  man's  tenants  were  his  vaflals,  and  ahnoft  as  much  his  property 
as  the  land  they  cultivated,  no  one  could  be  io  proper  to  prelerve  this  conncdlion 
and  attachment,  by  the  fuitable  education  and  marriage  of  the  minorjs,  as  the  lord 
himfelf.  But  uhcn  more  civilized  manners  prevailed,  this  privilege,  well  enough 
adapted  to  a  rude  and  barbarous  age,  became  an  ufelefsand  intolerable  burden.  V.  e,: 
can  hardly  now  believe,  that  it  has  not  been  abolifhed  much  above  a  century. 


56  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQUITIES         [Chap.  IH. 

the  cuftumary  '  tenants^  when  they  mow  the  lord's  meadow 
fliall  have  i  bufliel  of  wheat  for  bread,  and  vifif.  for  drink ; 
and  one  whole  day's  produce  of  the  manor  dairy  for  cheefe. 
And  he  fliall  reap  viii  whole  days  in  autumn;  and  fhall 
have  every  day  a  wheaten  loaf,  xv  of  which  are  made  of  i 
bulhel  of  wheat,  and  ii  herrings  at  nine  o'clock,  ad  nonam  \ 
and  he  fhall  pay,  MercJjetttum  ^  et  Heriettum '',     And  he  fliall 

*  The  Nativi  and  Cu/lumarii  feem  here  to  mean  the  fame  perfons,  however 
ihey  may  in  other  parts  have  been  diftinguifiied.  In  the  harveft  expences  of  next 
reign,  herrings,  8cc.  were  bought  for  the  cuflumary  tenants,  which  are  now  faid  to 
be  provided  for  the  Naiivi. 

■  At  this  time  there  were  but  two  meals  a  day ;  what  was  called  dinner  at  9, 
and  fupper  at  5  ;  and  this  plan  of  life  was  fuppoled  conducive  to  long  life : 

Lever  a  cinque,  diner  a  neuf, 

Souper  a  cinque,  coucher  a  neuf. 

Fait  vivre  d'ans  nonantc  et  neuf. 

Recreations  hiftonques,  as  quoted  by  Dr.  Henry,  in  his  Hiftory  of  Britain. 
Upon  the  above  authority  I  have  tranQated,  ad  tionam,  at  9  o'clock,  which  was 
probably  the  dining-time  of  thcfe  poor  labourers.  The  ninth  hour  was  (lri(5My  (ac- 
cording to  the  Roman  cuftom  of  beginning  the  day  at  6  in  the  morning,  which  our 
ancellors  ufed),  3  in  the  afternoon,  when  the  Religious  on  falting-days  were  allowed 
to  eat  their  dinner.  Hence  nona,  or  the  9th  hour,  denoted  the  hour  of  dinner,  at 
whatever  time  that  repaft  was  taken."     Archaolog.  vol.  VI.  p.  152. 

*  Tliis  was  a  fine  which  the  tenant  paid  upon  the  marriage  of  his  daughter: 
Ibmetimes  it  was  paid  only  when  (lie  married  a  man  of  another  village;  for  then  the 
Lord  loft  a  dependant. 

*  A  Heriot  was  a  fine  of  the  befl:  beaft  paid  upon  the  death,  or  alienation,  of  a 
tenant.  The  origin  of  which  cuftom  was  this.  Anciently,  when  the  tenures  were 
military,  and  for  life  only,  the  arms  and  war  horfe  of  the  tenant,  upon  his  death  went, 
together  with  the  land,  to  the  Lord,  being  due  to  him,  as  having  either  been  pur- 
chafed  out  of  profit  of  the  land,  or  originally  granted  by  the  Lord  for  the  public 
defence,  and  which  therefore  ftiould  revert  to  him,  that  he  might  beftow  them 
on  the  fucceeding  tenant  for  the  like  fervice.  But  when  the  feud  became  inheri- 
table, the  reafon  of  the  Heriot  ceafed ;  and  the  arms  and  horfe  went  to  the  heir, 
who  fucceeded  to  the  land.  Yet  in  fome  manors,  the  Lord  ftill  referved  this  cuf- 
tom :  and  though  originally  the  Heriot  was  the  beft  horfe  •,  yet  it  came  in  time  to 
be  the  bed  bcaft  ;  for  the  tenants,  to  difappoint  their  lords,  would  often  fell  their 
aims  and  horfes ;  and  therefore  a  law  was  made,  that  the  lord  might  take  the  beft 
beaft  in  lieu  of  them  :  and  fo  the  Heriot  came  to  be  efteemed  the  beft  beaft  ever 
after.  And  as  it  arofe  by  cuftom,  or  tenure,  after  the  feud  became  inheritable  -, 
hence  we  find  in  fome  manors,  a  cuftom  of  paying  it  in  goods,  and  in  fome,  in 
money.     Cunningham's  Law  Dift. 

ferve 


Chap.  III.l  O    F        II     A    W    S    T    E    D,  97 

ferve  the  office  of  head  reaper  ;  and  the  yer;r  he  faall  be  in. 
that  office,  he  fliall  be  difcharged  of  half  his  rents  and  fervices; 
he  fliall  alfo  have  meat  and  drink  at  the  lord's  table,  if  the 
lord  keep  houfe  ;  and  if  he  does  not,  he  fliall  have  the  fame 
allowance  of  corn  as  a  ploughman,  and  fliall  have  a  horfe 
Handing  in  the  manor  liable,  that  he  may  execute  any  of  tho 
lord's  bufinefs.  His  fon  may  marry  without  the  lord's  licence; 
but  his  widow  may  not '  ;  and  flie  fliall  hold  during  her  life 
the  aforefaid  tenements  ~.  The  faid  Thomas  holds  alfo  another 
melTuage  and  xv  acres  of  arable  land,  for  which  he  pays  xii  s. 
a  year  ;  iid.  at  Ghriftmas  for  offering-filver,  and  11  hens.  Ke 
fliall  alfo  mow  iiii  days,  and  reap  as  many,  for  the  lord,  for 
which  he  fliall  have  the  fame  allowances  and  privileges  as  before. 

All  the  refb  held  their  lands  by  rents  and  fervices  nealiy  in 
the  fame  proportion.  The  hardefl:  terms  were  thofe  impofed 
on  John  Paget,  who  for  a  meffuage  and  in  acres  paid  iiis. 
and  a  hen  a  year  ;   mowed  xi  days,  and  reaped  iiii,   for  the  lord. 

All  their  rents  in  money  amounted  to  ciiiij".  iiid.  Tiie 
mowing  days  were  xlii  ;  reaping  days  lx  ;  the  offering  filver 
was  Xviii^.  befides  i  cock,  and  xviii  hens. 

Annual  outgoings  {Redditus  refoluti). 

To  the  Sacrifl  of  St.  Edmund's  Bury,  xlj. 

To  the  Hundred  of  Thinghowe,  us.   iii  d.- 

To  the  lame  for  the  Nowel  eftate  {pro 

tenemenfo  Nozve/) .  xviid.  and  fuit. 

To  the  fame  for  the  Stanton  eftate  xvii*^.  and  fuit* 

To  Nowton  Halle   for  the  Nowel  eftate,  viii<^. 

To  the  fame  for  the  Stanton  eftate,  viii  d. 

'   Arid  the  reafon  was,  fhe  might  marry  a  man  who  was  an  enemy  to  the  lord. 
~  A  tenement  lignificd  formerly  fometimcs  what  we  call  an  eftate,  that  includes 
both  houfe  and  lands.     At  prefent  we  call  a  fingle  houfe  a  tenement. 

O  "  The 


f,5  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  1  T  I  E  S        [Chap.  III. 

The  year  after  the  above  furvey  was  taken,  Sir  William 
Midclleton  fold  the  manor,  &c.  to  Sir  William  de  Clopton  :  but 
I  riiall  poiipone  the  account  of  that  family,  till  I  have  traced  the 
Talmaches  and  Bokenhams,  who  were  lords  of  the  other  manor, 
to  their  extindion  :  foon  after  wiiich  event,  the  Cloptons  be- 
came polTefled  of  both. 

Talmach   and  Bokenham. 

A  branch  of  the  family  of  Talmach  were  feated  in  the  reign 
of  Edward  1.   at  Bentley,   in  this  county,  whence  they  removed 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.  to  Helmingham,  the  prefent  refidence 
of  their  reprefentative  the  earl  of  Dyfart.      They  occur  alfo  very 
early  in  this  place,   as  we  have  already  feen  by  the  funeral  of  the 
lady  Cecilia  I'ahnacb,  g  Edw.  I.   Who  her  hufband  was  does  not 
appear;  but  the  expences  of  her  interment  imply  that  the  family 
rnuft  have  been  of  no   little  confideration.      In  the   account  of 
Gilbert   de  Melton,  one   of  the  executors,  mention  is  made  of 
JVilliam  I'almacb^    the  other  executor,    and  of  John  'Talmach. 
The  former  was  doubtlefs  the  perfon,  whofe  property  was  con- 
fiderable  here,  as  well  as  at  Brockley,  Rede,  and  other  contiguous 
villages,    14  Edw.  I.  when  the  furvey  of  this  village,   before  re- 
cited at  length,   was  taken.      He  alfo  married  a  lady  of  the  name 
of  Cecilia,   and   died  before  7  Edward  II.   for  then  a  fine  was 
levied  between  Cecilia  the  widow  of  Sir  Wm.  Talemach,  querent, 
and  Thomas,  Parfon  of  Somerton,  and  Roger,  Parfon  of  Hauftede, 
deforciants,    of   two  meffuages   and  fix  carucates  of  land,  with 
their   appurtenances,    in    Hauflede,   Brockleye,    Somerton,    and 
Hertherlf  ;    by  which  the  above  ettate  was  fettled  on  her  four 
fons,    John,    William,    Edmund,     and  Thomas   Talmach,    and 
their  heirs,  in  default  of  which   it  was  to  go  to  the  right  heirs 
of  the  faid  Cecilia. 

The 


Ciiap.  III.J  O    F        H     A    W     S    T    E     D.  99 

The  fee  or  manor  of  Talmach  feems  to  have  been  for  feme 
time   out  of  that   family  ;   for  in  the  Computus    of  Henry   de 

Glcmham,   Robert  de  GifFord,   de  Rokewood,   Hamon   de 

Muckelfeld,  and  WiUiam  de  Middilton  the  flieriff,  of  the  aid 
of  XLS.  from  every  knight's  fee  granted  to  Edward  III.  in  the 
20th  year  of  his  reign,  for  making  his  eldeil:  {on.  '  a  kp.ight  ; 
Edmund  de  jVauncy  paid  xls.  for  a  knight's  fee  which  he  and  his 
tenants  held  in  Haiiftede  of  the  abbot  of  Bury,  which  William 
I'ahnage  (for  fo  the  name  was  fometimes  written)  formerly  held 
of  the  faid  abbot  '. 

This  family  began  alfo  to  fell  fome  of  their  property  to  the 
Cloptons,  at  the  latter  end  of  the  reign  of  Edward  III.  or  the 
beginning  of  that  of  Richard  II.  For  a  deed,  6  Richard  II.  re- 
cites, that  Sir  Wm.  Clopton  had  purchafed  lands  and  tenements 
in  Halfted,  Whepfted,  Nowton,  and  Brockley,  of  Sir  Wm. 
Talmach,  and  died  fei&d  of  them ;  upon  whofe  death,  John, 
fon  and  heir  of  the  faid  Sir  Wm.  Talmach,  entered  upon  the 
faid  lands,  &c.  and  kept  Sir  Wm.  Clopton,  fon  of  Sir  Wm. 
decealed,  out  of  the  poffeflion  of  them.  This  affair  was  com- 
promifed,  and  16  Richard  II.  Sir  Wm.  Clopton  releafed  to  Alice 
the  daughter  of  Wm.  Talmage,  and  wife  of  W^n.  Bokenbam^ 
and  her  heirs  for  ever,  all  his  right  and  claim  to  the  lands,  &c. 
in  Hallted,  Nowton,  Horningfheath,  and  Whepfted,  which  he 
had  lately  purchafed  of  John  Talmage.  Witneffes,  Walter 
Clopton,  chev.  John  Bures,  John  Rookwod,  Wm.  Rookwod,  and 
others  ;  to  this  his  feal  is  appendant,  fee  plate  III.  N°  6.  The 
fame  day  he  releafed  the  faid  Wra.  Bokenham  and  Alice  his 
wife  from  all  adlions  real  and  perfonal,  which  he   ever  had,  or 

'  This  was  the  Black  Prince:  and  the  honour  of  knighthood  was  conrorred  on 
him,  as  foon  as  the  army  landed  in  France,  the  memorable  year  of  the  battle  of 
Crefci. 

'  Harl.  MSS.   370.  p.  i, 

O   2  could 


ICO  HISTORY     AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  III. 

coukl  have,   again  ft  them,    froni  the  beginning  of  the  Nvorld,   to 
the  date  of  that  iriftrumcnt. 

Jllice  Bckenhani  was  dead  (as  was  probably  her  hiifband) 
before  5  Henry  VI.  for  tliat  year,  John  Bokenham  her  {^d\\  and 
heir  was  in  poiTeiTion  of  the  eftate,  which  Ihe  had  inherited ; 
and  executed  a  deed  to  which  is  appendant  his  feal,  tliat  bears 
a  frett,  which  was  his  own  paternal  arms,  as  w-ell  as  of  his 
rnother.  Seethe  plate,  N°  8.  He  lived  not  long  after;  and 
what  is  fomething  uncommon,  was  fucceeded  by  a  brother  of 
both  his  names,  as  appears  by  the  following  extradl  from  a  deed 
dated    1 1   Henry  VI. 

Omnibus  Chilfli  fidelibus,  &c.  Gilbertus  Mylde  perfona  ecclefie  de  Hauflede, 
Johannes  Woodward,  &c.  lalutem.  Noveritis  r.os  predift.  Gilb.  &:c.  remififTe,  re- 
laxaffe,  &c.  Johanni  Bokenbam  de  Hauflede  totvim  jus  noltruin  ckimeiim  que  unquam 
habuimus  in  imo  tenemento  cunn  fui?  pert,  in  villis  de  Hauflede,  &c.  quod  nuper 
habuimus  ex  dono  et  feoffamento  Johannis  Bokenham  finioris,  fratris  prcdidl  Jo- 
harviis  Bokenham. 

The  fame  year,  he  did  homage  for  his  lands  here,  as  appears 
by  the  following  certificate: 

Hec  indentura  fadla  inter  Willielmum  abbatem  de  monaflerio  Sanfli  Edmundl  ex 
parte  una,  et  johanneni  Bukynham  de  Hawfled  ex  altera,  teftatur,  quod  idem 
Johannes  fecit  homagium  dido  abbati,  in  magna  camera  manerii  fui  de  Elmfvveli, 
pro  terris  et  tenementis  que  clamat  tcnerc  de  di6to  abbate  in  villa  de  Hawlted  pre- 
di^ta  in  com.  Suff.  et  folvit  feodum  camerario.  In  cujus  rei  teflimonium  his  in- 
denturis  partes  predifte  figilla  fua  ahernatim  appofuerunt.  Hiis  teflibus,  Willielmo 
Vv'ytlyfeye,  Adam  Bury,  I'lieodorico  Hertford,  monachis;  Johanne  Croftys,  Thoma 
Peyton,  et  Williehno  Berdweli,  armigeris.  Datum  apud  Elmfwel!  predift.  vicefimo 
priniodie  menfis  Januarii,  anno  regni  regis  Henrici  VP'  pod  conqueftum  undecimo. 

The  feal  of  William  Curteys  the  abbot,  of  red  wax,  is  ap- 
pendant to  it,  and  charged  with  the  reprefentation  of  the  ftory 
of  St.  Edmund's  head  being  found"  by  a  wolf.  The  fame  legend 
is  alfo  alluded  to  in  the  feal  of  Clement  Denfton.   See  the  plate. 

This  John  Bokenham  was  married  the  next  year  (12  Henry 
VI.)  to  a  woman  of  the   name  of  Alice,   when  he  entailed  his 

eftate 


Chap.  Iir.]  O    F        H    A     W    S    T    E    D.  loj 

eftatc  upon  his  ilTue  ;  of  which,  I  iufjpofe,  defpairing,  26 
Henry  VI.  he  fold  "  alle  hefe  londes  and  tenements,  wodes, 
"  medes,  and  paftures,  rents  and  fcrvices,  "whiche  were  late  to 
"  on  John  BolLenham,  brother  on  to  the  feid  John  Bokenham, 
"  as  they  lye  within  the  townys  and  feldes  of  Hawiied,  Horn- 
*'  ingflierthe,  Nowton,  and  Whepfted,  in  the  fliire  of  SufF,  for 
"  the  fome  of  a  ckI.  of  good  and  lawfull  money,"  to  John 
Marfliall,  Efquver,  referving  to  himfelf  and  his  wife  a  life-ftate 
therein;  and  fubje6ling  himfelf  to  this  ftrange  condition;  "  alfo 
*'  the  feid  John  Bokenham  fchall  fynde  fufficeaiinte  furete  in 
"  ^il.  to  the  feid  John  Marfliall,  if  fo  be  that  the  weifF  of  the 
*'  faid  John  Bokenham  deye,  that  he  fchall  wedd  noo  woman 
"  by  whom  he  may  have  any  iffue."  This  caution  proved  un- 
necelTary.  He  probably  did  not  live  long  after  this  ;  nor  did  his 
wife  long  furvive  him,  dying  his  widow  in  1452,  as  appears  by 
her  will,  already  recited,  p.  16.  So  that  Marfliall  muft  have 
been  fortunate  in  his  purchafe. 

Thus  ended,  in  this  place,  the  intereft  of  the  Talmaches,  and 
the  Bok.enhams  their  defcendants,  who  had  continued  here  for 
at  leaft  166  years, — a  longer  eftablifliment  than  any  fucceeding 
lords  maintained. 

CLOPTON. 

By  a  fine  ',  levied  33  Edward  III.  it  appears,  that  Sir  Wm. 
de  Clopton  and  Mary  his  wife,  bought  the  manor  with  the  ap- 
purtenances of  Sir  Wm.  de  Middilton  and  Ifabella  his  wife;  the 
latter  referving  to  themfelves  an  annual  rent  of  xxs.  out  of  the 
manor.      The  purchafe  is  thus  defcribed  ;  the  manor  of  Hauftede 

The  deed  is  indented  at  top,  and  on  the  fide  where  the  lines  end  •,  the  edges 
marked  with  lome  dimidiated  capital  letters,  grown  very  faint  and  obfcure. 

2  with 


102  HISTORY    AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S        ^Cnap.  III. 

■u'ith  its  appurtenances,  the  advowfon  of  the  church,  one  toft, 
200  acres  of  arable  land,  8  of  meadow,  12  of  wood,  fix  fliillings 
and  eight  pence  rent,  and  \  pound  of  pepper,  with  the  homages 
and  all  the  fervices  of  Wm.  de  Pembregge,  and  14  others.  The 
purchafe-money  was  600 1,  as  appears  by  the  following  receipt 
in  full. 

Noverint  univerfi,  quod  ego  Willielmus  de  MiJdilton  recepi  dc  d'no  Wilto  de 
Clopton  milite  cencum  libras  in  auro  et  argento,  in  perfolutionem  fex  centum 
librarum,  in  quibus  michi  tenebatur  pro  vendicione  manerii  de  Haufted  fibi  fafta : 
de  quibus  fex  cenrum  libris  fateor  me  bene  et  fideliter  fore  pacatum  ;  et  prediftum 
dnm  Willielmuni  heredes  et  executores  fuos  inde  fore  quietos  in  perpetuum  per 
prelentes.  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium  huic  prcfenti  fcripto  figillum  meum  appofui. 
Datum  apud  Clopton  die  Martis  proxime  poft  feftum  Sandli  Gregorii  Pape,  anno 
regni  regis  Edwardi  tercii  poft  conquellum  tricefimo  quarto. 

The  feal  is  ilill  entire,  except  part  of  the  circumfcription,  and 
may  be  lecn  in  the  plate,  N°  5. 

At  the  fame  time.  Sir  Wm.  de  Clopton  fettled  his  purchafe, 
after  the  death  of  himfelf  and  his  wife,  upon  Thomas  their  fon, 
and  his  heirs  male. 

Sir  Wm.  died  before  his  wife  ;  for  flie  was  lady  of  the  manor 
JO — 13  Ric.  II.  as  appears  by  the  accounts  of  John  Clerk,  who 
calls  himfelf  Ballivus  '  Domine  Clopton  de  manerio  fuo  de  Hau- 
flede  :  from  them  1  fliall  fele^ft  a  few  particulars. 

In  1386,  among  the  Redditus  ajjlfi,  fet  or  Handing  rents,  is 
xviijd.  rent,  called  Clothing  Silver.,  paid  at  Chriftmas.  Firma 
terre  et  pajiure ;  a  garden  called  Nowell,  let  for  x  s.  a  year. 
ExitHS  maneriii  iffues  or   profits  of  the    manor;    LXijs.  viijd. 

'  The  Bailiff  was  next  in  dignity  to  the  Steward.  He  was  to  rife  early ;  and 
go  round  the  whole  farm,  to  fee  if  every  thing  was  as  it  fhould  be.  It  was  hit 
duty  to  take  care  that  all  the  labourers  in  hufbandry  performed  their  tafks  properly; 
and  in  fhort  to  attend  to  every  thing  that  concerned  the  cultivation  and  good 
management  of  the  demefne.  He  was  not  to  board  in  the  houfe,  but  be  allowed 
wages  to  find  his  own  vidtuals.  Fleta,  Lib.  II.  Cap.  73,  where  the  duties  of  his 
office  arc  fet  down  in  detail.  Many  curious  particulars  in  ancient  economics  may 
be  found  in  that  author. 

for 


Clrap.  IIL]  OF         H     A     W     S     T     E     D.  to^ 

for  n  mL  faggots;  fruit  of  the  garden  ;  xvjs.  for  keeping  flicep  ; 
for  letting  out  the  lady's  carts  xiij  s. ;  for  letting  out  her  ploughs, 
iiij  s.  ij  d.  Among  the  Redditus  refolutiy  or  outgoings ;  paid  annually 
to  the  Sacrift  of  St.  Edmund's  Bury,  xls.  ;  to  the  bailiff  of  the 
hundred,  vs.  iiijd.;  to  Nowton  Hall,  ixd.  ;  to  the  hundred  for 
fuit,  xvjd.  Among  the  Cujius  minuti',  llioeing  the  fleward's  ' 
{SeneJchaUi)  horfe,  vj  d.  Rewards  to  the  fervants  of  the  manor 
vjd. ;  for  the  tax  of  our  lord  the  king,  for  half  a  quindene  {pro 
di  qui'den.)  vs. — Stipendia  famuhrum\  wages  of  the  bailiff  xiijs. 
iiijd.  a  year;  of  the  carter,  vjs.  viijd. ;  of  the  deye,  vs.;  i  qr. 
iij  b.  of  oatm.eal  for  potage  for  the  fervants. 

In  1389,  among  the  expenfa  forinfeca,  or  extraordinaries  ; 
expences  for  the  lady  Erpingham,  w  itli  her  fervants  and  horfes,. 
vij  s.  viij  d.  '.   A  horfe  bought  for  the  re6ior,  and  prefented  to  him 

by 

'  T\\t  fteivard  wzs  the  head  fervant  belonging  to  a  great  perfon.  He  was  to 
hold  courts-,  and  attend  to,  and  preferve,  all  the  manerial  rights.  He  was  to  take 
care,  that  all  the  offices  belonging  to  the  manfion  houfe  were  well  locked.  He  was 
to  have  an  inventory  of  all  the  flock  on  the  manor;  to  fee  that  the  ferjeant,  bailiff, 
and  other  fervants,  behaved  themlelves  properly,  and  did  not  wafle  their  tin-.e  at 
Diffci/ms,  frays,  wreftling-matches,  ale-houfes,  ?iV\d  Vigils;  that  all  of  tlicm,  upon 
their  entering  on  their  fervicc,  produced  proper  fecurity  for  their  good  behaviour.  He 
was  every  night  to  receive  an  account,  from  the  different  departments,  ot  all  the 
confumption  in  the  family.  In  fliort,  all  the  domeftics  were  to  be  anfvverable  to 
him  ;  but  he  could  difmifs  none.  That  power  was  referved  to  the  lord.  Fleta, 
lib.  II.  cap.  72. 

*  How  money  came  to  be  paid,  I  know  not :  afterwards  are  mentioned  i  quarter 
and  I  buftiel  of  oats  for  the  lady  Erplngham's  horfes.  Thefe  allowances  v.ere  formerly 
delivered  with  fo  much  accuracy,  that  the  extraordinary  expences  occafioned  by 
vifnors  were  always  fet  down  -,  the  names,  arrival,  and  ftay  of  fuch  vifitors  being 
fpccified  ih  the  groom's  roll,  which  was  examined  every  night  by  the  fleward, 
Fleta,  lib.   II.  cap.  74. 

This  lady  Erpingham  was  daughter  of  the  lady  Clopton.  For  Sir  Thomas 
Erpingham  of  Norfolk  married  Joan  the  daughter  of  Sir  VVm.  Cloptou.  Of  this 
beautiful  and  virtuous  lady  and  her  hufband,  Blomcfield  in  his  Hiff.  of  Norfolk, 
Vol.  III.  p.  647,  has  tranfcribed  a  remarkable  llory,  half  ferious  and  half  comic, 
from  Hey  wood's  rTNAIKEION.  That  he  was  miftaken  in  calling  this  lady  his 
fecond  wife,  and  faying  (V.  II.  p.  51-^.)  that  his  firft  died  in  1404;  lee  what  hc 

favfr. 


104  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  III. 

by  the  lady's  order,  xxvjs.  ixd.  Paid  Stephen  the  bellman  for 
a  new  bell,  by  the  lady's  order,  xxvj  s.  viij  d.  I'he  expences  of  a 
man  and  a  carter  to  Sudbury  [17  or  18  miles]  to  fetch  tyles  for 
the  friers  at  Babwell,  xviijd.  The  expences  of  a  carter  to  Mil- 
denhall  [12  miles]  to  fetch  ruflies  '  for  the  lady,   vjd. 

How  long  this  lady  lived,  I  know  not ;  nor  whether  Thomas 
Cloptan,  her  fon,  upon  whom,  as  we  have  feen  before,  the  manor 
was  fettled,  after  the  death  of  his  father  and  mother,  ever  lived 
to  poiTefs  it ;  if  he  did,  it  was  not  long ;  for  before  the  end  of 
Ric.  II.  it  was  vefred  in  his  elder  brother,  Sir  TFm.  Clopton^  who 
fuiFered  fome  enormous  outrages  from  Philip  Fitz  Eujiace  and 
others,  as  may  be  gathered  from  a  roll  in  my  pofleffion  6  feet 
long,  containing  pleadings  in  the  court  of  King's  Bench,  Weft- 
minfter,  in  the  reigns  of  Ric.  II.  and  Henry  IV.  By  thefe  it 
appears,  that  Sir  Wm.  Clopton  brought  his  adion  againft  Philip 
Fitz  Euftace,  John  Heyden,  John  Clerk,  chaplain,  Hugh  de 
Baldwyne,  Roger  Gebon,  Thomas  his  brother,  John  Laufele, 
John  Smyth  of  Afliton,  and  John  Waryn,  for  having,  on  the 
Sunday  before  Michaelmas,  21  Ric.  II.  with  force  and  arms,  that 
is,  with  fwords,  bows  and  arrows,  broken  into  a  clofe  in  Hauftede, 
belonging  to  the  faid  Sir  Wm.  and  cut  down  there  xx  oaks, 
c  allies,  and  xl  poplars,  and  carried  them  off,  together  with 
other  goods  and  chatels,  namely,  linen  and  woollen  cloths,  vefTels 

fays  himfelf,  V.  I.  p.  53.  The  arms  of  this  match,  Erpingham  (V.  an  uiefcutcheon 
in  an  Orle  of  Martlets  A.)  empaling  Clopton,  I  faw  a  few  j-ears  ago  in  a  window 
at  Kentwell  Hall,  in  Melford,  the  feat  of  the  Cloptons. 

'  With  thefe  her  apartments  were  to  be  Itrown.  Bullein,  in  his  "  Bulvvarke  of 
"  Defence,"  printed  1562,  fays,  "  Rufncs  tliat  grow  upon  dry  ground  be  good 
"  to  Itrcw  in  halls,  chambers  and  galleries,  to  walk  upon,  defending  apparell,  as 
*'  trains  of  gowns  and  kerties,  from  the  du(f."  p.  21.  Thomas  of  Becket  was 
thought  finical  and  extravagant  for  having  frefh  ruflies,  every  day,  "  for  fpoiling 
"  of  the  cloaths."  Siukfpeare  frequently  alludes  to  this  cuftom  ;  which  in  177  i, 
1  obferven  w;is  kept  up  in  the  council  chamber  at  Hull,  and  in  the  room  oppofite 
to  it ;  and  which  I  recollecl  not  elfewhere,  except  in  fome  unpaved  churches. 

of 


Chap.  III.]  O     F      H     A     W    S     T    E    D.  105 

of  filver,  brafs,  and  copper,  and  other  ntenfils  belonging  to  his 
houfe,  befides  barley,  beans,  peafe,  and  oats,  to  the  vakie  of 
xlI. 

Fitz-Euftace,  ^vho  was  the  principal,  after  various  delay's  pvit 
in  his  anfwcr,  and  alledgcd,  that  the  clofe  into  which  he  had 
broken,  and  the  trees  which  he  had  cut  down,  and  carried  away, 
belonged  to  him,  and  not  to  Clopton.  To  the  reft  of  the  charge 
he  made  no  reply.  He  was  found  guilty  of  the  whole,  and 
adjudged  to  pay  xxiijl.  damages.  To  avoid  payment,  he  availed 
himfelf  of  all  the  procraftinations  and  evafions  which  the  law 
has  always  allowed  ;  and  it  does  not  appear  that  the  biifmefs 
was  concluded,  9  Henry  IV.  Yet  during  this  litigation,  namely, 
on  the  Thurfday  after  the  feaft  of  St.  Bartholomew,  8  Henry  IV. 
Robert  Fitz-EtiJIace,  probably  a  brother  of  Philip,  had  given  up  to 
Sir  William  all  claim  to  the  manor  of  Hawlted,  both  ft)r  himleif 
and  his  heirs. 

What  a  pidture  of  the  violent  mode  in  which  our  anceftors 
fufFered  their  animofities  againft  one  another  to  burft  forth  ! 
The  cutting  down  trees  might  perhaps  tend  to  the  afcertaining 
of  right ;  but  the  carrying  off  corn  and  houfliold  furniture 
could  proceed  from  nothing  but  the  lawlefs  and  ferocious 
manners  of  the  age  :  and  what  aggravated  the  enormity  w^as, 
that  the  parties  were  nearly  related  ;  for  it  appears  by  the 
ix:digree,  that  Edmund  Clopton,  Sir  William's  brother,  had 
married  a  Fitz  Euftace.  I  willi  that  thefe  diforders  had  been 
confined  to  the  laity  ;  but  one  of  the  above-named  rioters  was 
in  orders ;  and  I  doubt  the  excefles  committed  by  ecclefiaftics 
form  part  of  the  chrradler  of  early  times.  1  Edw,  III.  no  lefs 
than  32  clerici,  among  feveral  townfmen  of  Bury,  were  con- 
vided  of  a  moft  daring  afTault  upon  the  abbey  '.  The  mutual 
hatred  of  the  feculars  and  regulars  was  excellive. 

'   Regiftrum  Vefliarii  ;  among  the  colledanea  of  the   late  Sir  James  Burrough, 
mafter  of  Caius  Coilegf,  Canibridge,  who  in  1764,  bequeathed  to  the  library  of  Sf. 

r  James's 


io6         HISTORY    AND    ANTIQUITIES    [Chap.  III. 

Let  lis  now  for  a  moment  turn  our  thoughts  to  a  more 
pleafi ng  fubjeifl.  During  this  vexatious  dillurbance,  Sir  Wm. 
Clopton  granted  to  Thomas  Smyth  a  piece  of  ground  called 
Dokmedw,  in  Ilauftede,  for  the  annual  payment  of  a  rofe,  at  the 
nativity  of  St.  John  the  Baptill,  to  Sir  William  and  his  heirs, 
in  lieu  of  all  fervices.  Dated  at  Hauftede,  on  Sunday  nest  before 
the  feaft  of  All  Saints,  3  Henry  IV. 

Ancient  deeds  are  often  dated  on  a  Sunday,  being  executed 
in  churches  or  church-yards,   for  the  greater  notoriety. 

But  I  fliould  not  have  noticed  this  inftrument,  if  it  had  not 
been  for  its  giving  me  an  opportunity  of  illuftrating  ancient 
manners. 

The  rofe  was  formerly  a  greater  object  of  luxury  than  it  is 
at  prefent.  The  water  diftilled  from  it  gave  a  flavour  to  a  variety 
of  didies  ;  and  ferved  to  wafh  the  hands  at  meals  ;  a  cuftom 
itill  preferved  in  fome  of  our  colleges  '.  At  marriages  and  other 
feftivities,  the  guefts  wore  chaplets  of  rofes.  The  author  of 
the  romance  of  Perce-Foreft,  defcribing  an  entertainment,  fays, 
every  perfon  wore  a  chaplet  of  rofes  on  their  head.  The 
conftable  of  France  (and  probably  other  great  officers,  at  other 
courts)  when  he  waited  on  the  king  at  dinner,  had  one  of  thefe 
crowns.  Women,  when  they  took  the  veil,  and  when  they 
married,  were  thus  adorned.  Warriors  wore  their  helmets 
encircled  with  thefe  flowers,  as  appears  from  their  monumental 
figures.  This  fondnefs  of  our  anceftors  for  this  fragrant  and 
elegant  flower,  and  the  various  ufes  to  which  they  applied  it, 
explains  a  particular  that  at  firft  fight  feems  fomewhat  whimfical, 
which  is,  the  buPjels  of  rojes,  fometimes  paid  by  vaflals  to  their 
lords.  For  part  of  the  above  I  am  indebted  to  the  agreeable 
author  of  "  Hiftoire  de  la  vie  privee  des  Fran(;ois,"  Vol.  11.  p.  221. 

James's  church,  in  Bury,  a  MS.  folio  and  quarto,  which  would  be  of  confiderable 
ufe  to  an  hiflorian  of  the  abbey  and  town. 

'  And  alfo  in  many  of  the  public  halls  of  the  liverymen  of  London.     J.  N. 

The 


Chap  III.]  O     F       II     A     W     S     T     E     D.  107 

The  fingle  rofe  paid  as  an  acknowledgement,  was  the  diminutive 
reprefentative  of  a  biifliel ;  as  a  fingle  pepper-corn,  which  is 
ftill  a  referved  rent,  is  of  the  pound  ;  a  payment,  originally 
of  fome  worth,   dwindling  by  degrees  to  a  meer  formality. 

Tired  out,  I  fuppofe,  with  the  vexations  attending  his  pro- 
perty in  this  place,  Sir  William  by  a  deed  in  French,  dated  at 
Melford,  2  Henry  V.  conveyed  the  manor  with  its  appurtenances, 
which  had  been  his  father's,  to  William  Clopt on,  fon  of  Sir  Thomas, 
and  who  was  his  firft  coufm. 

But  he  could  not  enfure  him  the  quiet  poifeffion  of  his  pur- 
chafe  ;  for  the  family  of  Fitz  Euftace,  and  their  conneiStions, 
appear  to  have  quitted  their  property  here  with  great  relu6lance, 
and  given  their  fucceffors  every  poffible  moleftation.  For  not 
many  years  after  the  outrageous  attack  before  mentioned  fuc- 
ceeded  another  much  more  difingenuous  and  formidable.  The 
firft  notice  that  occurs  of  it  is  from  the  following  writ  out  of 
the  court  of  chivalry,  preferved  in  Harl.  MSS.  N°  1178.  36. 
and  thus  entitled  in  the  catalogue ;  "  A  writ  in  Frenc- 1  of  John 
*'  duke  of  Bedford,  Conftable  of  England,  requiring  John  duke 
"  of  Norfolk,  and  JMarfliall  of  England,  to  bring  WiUlam  Clop- 
*'  ton,  of  Suffolk,  efq.  to  anfwer  in  the  court  of  chivalrie  to 
"  Robert  Eland  of  the  county  of  Lincoln,  efq.  who  charged 
"  tJie  laid  Wiliam  Clopton  with  putting  his  feal  of  arms  to  a 
"  falfe  and  forged  deed." 

Johan  Filz,  frcre  et  uncle  an  roys,  due  de  Bedford  et  a' Anjoy,  conce  de  Rich- 
mond et  de  Ker.dal,  et  conneftable  d'  Angletene,  a  notre  tidcher  coiifin  Johan 
due  de  Norfolk,  marfchal  d'  Angle-tCrrc,  ialuz.  Nous  vous  mandons  et  chargeons, 
que  vous  fates  arrcfter  ct  venir  devant  nous,  ou  notre  lieutenant,  a  WcfiiTunfter,  a 
le  quinfime  du  Saint  Hillar  prochain  venant,  William  Clopton  de  conte  de  SufF. 
efqiiirc,  pour  adonques  refpondre  devant  nous,  ou  notre  lieutenant,  en  la  coar  de 
chivalerie,  a  Ilobeit  Eland  efquire  de  conte  de  Nicholl  ',  de  ce  que  le  dit  Robtrt 
adunques  luv  furmettra  par  voie  d'arrnes,  touchant  ce  qu'il  fauxment  et  encontrc 
honerte  et  gentilciTe  d' armes,  amis  et  appofe  le  feal  de  fes  armes  a  iin  taux  et 
forge  fair,  aux  dommages  du  dit  Robert  de  ";  et  plus,  a  ce  qu'il  dit.     Remandants 

'  Lincoln. 

1*  2  par 


io8  HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  1  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  III. 

par  devanc  nous  au  die  jour,  ou  iceft  notre  mandement,  tout  ce  que  vous  en  avez 
i'aitz.  Donne  ioubs  le  feal  de  notre  office  Ic  23  jour  de  Novembre  I'an  du  regno 
du  notre  knior  k  roy  Henry  fifime  puis  le  conquelt  d'Angleterre  feptiefine. 

This  curious  record  lliews  witli  what  formality  affairs  of 
honour  were  formerly  adjuilcd.  We  now  proceed  in  a  much 
more  fummary  manner.  The  charge  was  of  a  very  ferious 
nature  :  whether  the  court  came  to  any  decifion  about  it,  or 
Avhether  any  combat  enfued,  does  not  appear :  but  probably 
neither ;  for  we  foon  after  find  the  parties  engaging  in  another 
court,  and  with  arms  very  different  from  thofe  of  chivalry. 
For  in  Eailer  term,  8  Henry  VI.  William  Clopton  and  William 
Gal  yon  cfquires,  brought  an  adtion  in  the  court  of  King's  Bench, 
againft  R.oger  Bernerdefton,  of  Kedyngton,  in  the  county  of 
Suffolk,  gentilman,  and  Robert  Eland  of  Ratheby,  in  the  county 
of  Lincoln,  gentilman,  and  Elizabeth  his  vvife,  for  having 
caufed,  on  Sunday  next  before  the  exaltation  of  the  holy  crofs 
[14  Sept.]  8  Henry  VI.  to  be  publiflied  and  read  at  Kedyngton 
and  Melford,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  two  deeds,  by  virtue  of 
which  the  faid  Robert  and  Elizabeth  claimed  the  manor  and 
advowfon  of  Hauflede,  to  the  diflurbing  of  the  faid  William  and 
William  in  the  poITefhon  of  the  fame,  to  their  damage  of  m1. 

Eland  pretended  that  the  faid  manor  and  advowfon  were 
granted  and  confirmed  17  Edward  III.  by  Sir  Robert  Bretonn, 
knight,  William  deRokelond,  and  Robert  de  Hildercle,  to  Sir  John 
Fitz  Euftace  and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  and  their  heirs,  in  default  of 
which  to  the  heirs  and  a  dig  ns  of  the  faid  John  for  ever.  And 
that  by  virtue  of  a  letter  of  attorney  from  the  faid  Sir  Robert,  Wil- 
liam, and  Robert,  diredfed  to  Sir  John  de  Welnetham,  knight,  Ri- 
chard Freflell,  and  Sir  John  de  Bradefeld,  red:or  of  the  church  of 
Ilaufted,  the  faid  John  and  Elizabeth  were  put  in  full  pofTefFion 
of  the  faid  manor  and  advowfon.  That  from  the  faid  John  and 
Elizabeth  the  faid  manor  and  advowfon    defcended  to  their  fon 

John, 


Chap  III.]  OF       H     A     W     S     T    E    D.  109 

John,  whofe  daughter  Ehzabeth  was  then  the  wife  of  him  the 
faid  Robert  Eland,  who  claimed  the  fame  in  her  right.  The 
deeds  upon  which  he  founded  his  claim  were  produced  and  read 
in  court. 

There  is  one  circumflance  in  the  pleadings  that  may  be  worth 
remarking,  which  is,  that  in  an  age  when  they  were  fo  carelefs 
in  orthography,  that  if  the  name  of  a  perfon,  or  place,  was  re- 
cited twice  in  the  fame  deed,  it  was  generally  fpelled  two  dif- 
ferent ways  ',  Eland  fliould  quibble  about  a  letter,  alledging,  that 
he  lived  3.t  Ray t/jeSi)',.:ind  not  -i^lRatheby^  as  fet  forth  in  his  ad- 
verfary's  bill. 

But  even  in  this  court  this  affair  was  not  determined,  but  re- 
ferred to  arbitrators,  whofe  award,  though- rather  long,  is  too 
curious  not  to  be  tranfcribed. 

To  all  trevve  criften  men  to  whom  this  prefent  writyng  cometh  to,  we  Clemenr 
Denfton,  clerk,  Richard  Aired  and  Robert  Peyton,  we  fendyn  zou  gretyng  in  God 
everlafting.  Know  ze  that  whereas  we  the  ieyd  Clement,  Richard  and  F.obert, 
arbitrators  chofen  betwene  William  Clopton  and  William  Gallon  on  the  oon  partic, 
Robert  Eland  and  Elizabeth  his  wyf,  and  Roger  Bernerton  on  the  other  partie,  be 
bothe  parties  aflent  chofen,  upon  the  right,  title,  and  pofieffion  of  the  maner  of 
Hauftede,  in  the  fhir  of'  Suff.  with  the  apportcnances,  and  the  avoylbn  of  the 
chirch  of  the  fame  towne,  awardedyn  be  our  dedes  endented  tripartite,  v;hich  beren 
the  date  in  the  fell  of  Seynt  Symond  and  Jude,  the  zer  of  the  regne  of  kyng  Harri 
the  fixte  after  the  conquelt  the  xijthc.  Ther  as  the  feid  Robt.  Eland  fhewith  a 
dede  endented  and  feyth,  that  the  feid  maner  of  Haufted  fnuld  be  tallied  to  his 
wyfe  -,  and  William  Clopton  and  William  Galyon  feyn,  that  it  is  a  fals  dcde  and  a 
forged  -,  and  theruppon  they  token  axcion  of  forgyng  of  that  dede  in  the  K)  nges 
Bench  ageyn  the  faid  Rob.  Eland,  Elizabeth  his  wyf  and  Roger  Bernefton  :  and  . 
the  feid  Wm.  Clopton  and  his  counceill  han  fhewed  and  declaryd  to  us  the  feyd 
arbitrators,  that  themaner  of  Hawfled  with  the  appertenances  was  zone  to  Sir  John 
Fitz  Euftace  and  to  Elizabeth  his  wyf,  and  to  the  helres  of  Sir  Jolm.  And  the 
letter  of  attorne  was  accordyng  to  that  dede  •,  and  as  Wm.  Clopton  feyth,  that 
Eland  or  on  for  hym  hath  raled  that  dede,  and  newe  wrctyn  it  ayen,  and  made 
therof  a  dcde  in  the  taille.  And  Wm.  Clopton  and  his  counceyl  declared,  that  the 
dede  that  is  untrewe  is  not  of  the  hand  in  wryting,  ne  of  ynke  of  the  letter  cf 
attorne,  which  letter  is  trewe  in  wryting.  And  ther  as  the  dcde  and  letter  of  attorne 

I  Of  this  the  award  that  inimedi.Uely  follows  may  ferve  as  an  example  ;  where  the  oithogcaphy 
is  continually  varied, 

were 


r  -o  HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  QJLT  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  III. 

were  put  in  day'tng  divers  tymes  er  than  we  the  leid  arbitraitors  medlyd  therwith ; 
that  is  to  fey,  whan  John  Symond,  recorder  of  London,  and  John  Doreward  fquyer 
of  Eflex,  Robert  Cauiidilli,  Thomas  Fulthorpe,  and  Wm.  Goodred,  i'ergeaunts 
of  the  lavve  and  other  recordedyn,  that  it  is  the  i'apne  dede  that  they  fye  -,  and  Robert 
Caundyfli  feyth,  lie  myglit  not  have  the  dede  of  Eland  to  fen  it  out  in  the  light 
aycnlt  the  fonne,  atte  leyfer.  And  now  wc  thre  arbitrators  han  the  dede,  and 
mowe  fen  it  age5n  the  fonne  at  oi;r  leyfer,  we  fcyn  how  it  was  lyke  to  have  be 
wrete  beforn,  and  was  rafed  of  that  letter,  and  fuh  wreten  ther  on  azen  with  a 
dede  and  a  febie  ynke  to  feme  old,  and  the  ynlce  untrewly  gommyd,  that  with  efy 
handclyng  the  ynke  wull  faden,  and  weryn  away  :  ther  as  the  letter  of  attorne  is 
wretyn  with  a  trewe  ynke,  and  for  any  handelyng  wull  laft  as  a  trew  dede  afketh. 
Alfo  we  the  feid  arbitrators  han  full  knowlich  of  all  the  olde  nnen  aboute  Haufted, 
-and  of  a  woilhipfuU  perfon  that  dwelled  with  Sir  Wm.  Clopton  knyght,  whan  he 
bought  Haufled,  that  highte  Sir  Robert  Clerk,  feyde  uppon  his  deth  bedde,  that 
ther  was  never  non  fuche  tayle  as  the  feid  llobert  Eland  fpeketh  of,  ne  non  feifyn 
delyvercd  be  none  fuche  dede,  ne  never  was  taille  of  the  maner  of  Haufted  herd 
of,  to  any  of  the  Fitz  Euftach,  but  a  taille  to  the  heir  malis,  the  which  was  made 
be  fyn  to  Fitz  Euftach,  and  that  was  deternnyned  as  he  fcith.  And  now  we  han 
the  dede  that  the  faid  Robert  Eland  ftiewed,  and  atte  our  leyfer  mowe  fen  it  in 
the  fonne,  we  have  fully  perceyved  that  it  was  lykc  to  have  be  wrete  beforne  tyme, 
and  is  now  rafed,  and  newe  wretyn  ageyn.  So  that  we  the  faid  arbitrators  fully 
we  knowe  that  it  is  an  untrewe  dede  and  forged.  VVherfor  we  the  feid  arbitrators 
awardyn  that  the  feid  William  Clopton  han  that  untrewe  dede  to  cancelle  it,  and 
to  don  therewith  as  him  lyfl:.  In  wittenefle  that  this  was  ourentent,  and  the  caufe 
of  our  award  and  accorde  as  for  that  article  of  the  untrue  dede,  we  the  feyd 
Clement,  Richard  and  Robert,  arbitrators  in  the  articles  above  reherced,  han  fette 
to  our  fceles.  Wretyn  in  the  Feft  of  Seynt  Symon  and  Jude,  the  zer  of  the  regne 
of  kyng  Harry  the  Sixte  after  the  Conqueft  the  xijche. 

All  their  three  feals  are  entire.  That  of  Deiifton,  who  was 
archdeacon  of  Sudbury,  is  engraven ;  fee  the  plate,  N°  3  :  the 
wolf  and  St.  Edmund's  head  appear  towards  the  bottom.  Alred's, 
a  noble  one,  almoft  i  \  inch  in  diameter,  bears  a  chevron  en- 
grailed between  three  griffins  heads  erafed  :  Peyton's,  a  crofs 
engrailed,  in  the  dexter  quarter  a  mullet. 

Thus  was  this  tedious  bufinefs  finally  arranged ;  and  the 
charge  of  forgery  retorted  and  proved  upon  Eland. 

During  the  time  of  this  difpute,   there  fcems  to  have  been  a 

manumiflion   of   the    Nativi ;   for  in  a  rental  of  7  Henry  V.  is 

tliis ;   ''  Jam  fequitur  de  tcrris   et  tenemcntis  modo  demiffis  ad 

3  "  firmam, 


Ghap.  III.]  O    F       H     A    W    S     T    E    D.  m 

"  firmam,  que  quidem  tenementa  nativi  tenentes  ab  antiquo 
'*  tenuerunt."  The  manor  this  year  was  laid  to  be  of  the  clear 
yearly  value  of  XLijl.  xvs.  ixd.  and  half  a  pound  of  pepper. 
This  laft  was  paid  for  a  piece  of  land  called  eleven  acres,  near 
Gag's  Green,  which  lies  at  the  northern  extremity  of  the  village. 
Nowell's  Garden  was  let  for  xs.   a  year. 

William  Clopton  died  in  1446,  and  was  buried  in  Melford 
Church  in  this  county,  where  his  figure  in  armour  lies  on  an 
altar  monument  within  an  arch,  at  the  upper  end  of  the  North 
aile.    Within  the  arch  are  painted  thefe  efcutcheons : 

I.   S  abend  A.  '  between  1  cotifes  dancette  O.      Clopton. 

2^   A  lion  rampant  S  fefs  compon.  O  and  B.      Mylde, 

3.  Clopton  empaling  A,  in  a  chief  V 1  mullets  pierced  O.  Driiry, 

4.  Clopton  empaling  G,  a  faltire  between  4  crofles  patte  O. 
Franceys. 

On  the  front  of  the  monument  is  a  brafs  plate  with  this  epitaph, 
which  fhews,  that   however  the   virtues  of  the  fubjecSl  might 
entitle  him  to  the  love  of  mankind,  when  alive,  the  Mufes  did . 
not  much  befriend  him  after  his  death  : 

SDapClis  tt  laratis,  pruocns,  tt  in  omnibus  Hrgu« 
jartibus  ct  gnarus,  gencrofo  fanguine  clarus, 
Conottuc  Ijoc  SCumuIo  Clopton  seitllus  in  arto, 
^eD  ntmt£!  ciciguo,  tanto  tirtutis  amtro. 
^it  oum  titcbat  p^uoentis  nomcn  fjabcbat 
3uff0 ;  nam  cunctis  Dare  fucfait  fenfa  Mwtis ; 
Confiliumquc  pctcns  fit  Iccio?  inoc  rcceDcns 
^uam  t)entcn0 :  ncmpe  Dtrco^Dcs  pacts  amo:c 
jl^crtcre  gauocbat,  Dapc  quos  pjop;!ia  rcfoticbat. 

»  Sometimes  the  bend  was  Ermine,  as  in  Hawlled  chancel  window.     Sometimej  - 
it   had   only   one  Ipot,  as  on  the  tomb  of  a  Rookwood  in  Stanningfield  church  ; 
fometirres  the  fpor,  and  2  annulets  interlaced,  as  in  Glemsford  church  :   fometimcs 
only  one  annulet,  as   it  was  borne   by  Sir  Walter  Clopton,  who  was   prefent  wicii  . 
Henry  V.  at  the  fiege  of  Rohan.     Harl.  MSS.  .1386.  p.  84. 

paiipfciUis  - 


112  H  I  S  T  O  R  \'    AND     A  N  T  I  Q^  U  I  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  IIL 

pauprribiis  pnttiit  fua  Jamm  fcmpcr,  abttit 
J15ii!iii3  a'j  Ijac  tianttis  tnoigcna  fri;  pcrcgi'tn'. 

Sliiio  mo:o;  f  Ijcu  fcra  mo^s iitrata  tiiilt  fo^s 

sp.  C  quatcr,  tcxto  Ciirifii  qiiatcr  S  Rnuil  anno 
iLpiitc  muiico  rapmt  qua  l-pr.  Incc  qiuetjit, 
ausuffi  niciifc,  poff  frSum  tirginis  alme, 
Siuarta  ncmpc  Die,  liScrnarDi  tigiltaq; 
^uic  fijon  focia  fucrat  Qgaigcria  bina : 
jDfinia  fuit  nata  SDarr^  S  ifraunrcrfqj  fccui;9a. 
iruiuis  titriquc  fatiim  ftiltt  hm  male,    p^ime 
315ts  Sccima  luce  ft  nonas  Dc'ps'is  tnoc, 
3niio  miUcno  D'lii  c  quatcrq;  tJtgcno. 
£luaito  jpoft  anno  ruit  altera  Die  DuoDcno, 


He  was  fucceeded  by  his  foil  Joy^w  C/opfon,  of  whom,  as  coii- 
nc6led  with  this  village,  nothing  occurs.  He  was  flieriff  of  the 
counties  of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  30  Henry  VI.  married  Alice 
Darcy  of  Maldon,  in  Eflex,  and  died  advanced  in  years  13  Henry 
VII.  .He  and  his  wife  are  buried  under  an  altar  monument  of 
grey  marble,  within  an  arch,  on  the  N.  fide  of  the  communion 
table  at  Melford  :  and  at  their  heads  are  ftill  remaining  their 
portraits  kneeling,  painted  fmall  in  frefco,  with  the  arms  of 
Clopton  and  Darcy  (A  3  cinquefoils  G)  on  their  drefs.  It  fliould 
not  be  omitted,  that  not  long  before  his  death  he  was  inftru- 
mental  in  at  Icaft  repairing,  perhaps  re-building,  that  moft: 
beautiful  chapel,  now  u fed  for  a  fchool,  at  the  E.  end  of  Melford 
chancel,  as  appears  by  the  following  infcription  on  the  battlements: 

prap  fo'.  tijc  folDlc  cf  Jofjn  l^rH,  a»it!  foi  fljc  foule  of  iobit  tllopton,  (Sfqtusre,  mto 
fvav  fo;  t\}c  foiilc  of  l\\?cl)arD  llotjcoav,  llBoteler  luitb  ^o\}n  Clopton,  oflf  luljos  goDis 
tuis  cljap};cl  rs  imbav'trliD,  b\!  Ijis  cjrccutojs.  JDrai?  fo:  tljc  foUiIis  Df  CiKiUiam  (iClopton 
Cfqbovcvc,  9I?argcrp,  anD  J^argcri?  |)ts  luififs,  ano  fo:  all  t!jcr  parentis  ano  cljilDrcn. 
2nD  fo;  tl)c  fotulc  of  illicc  Clopton,  anD  foj  Joljn  Clopton,  ano  foj  all  t)is  rfjElDrcn, 
anD  fo:  all  tlje  foulifi  fljat  tlje  faiD  3Iol)n  is  bounDe  to  pjap  fo:,  iDljiri;  dccd  tijts  cljappcl 
nelu  rcpare.    A"  D'i  m°cccc°lxxxxvi. 

"  This  is  a  miftake  of  the  engraver's  for  Drury,  as  appears  by  the  pedigrees  of 
both  the  ianVilics,  as  well  as  fiom  the  amis  on  this  monument. 


Chap.  III.3  O    F        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  113 

In  a  deed  in  his  time,  mention  is  made  of  the  camping  '  pjghtel, 
which  joined  to  the  eaft-fule  of  the  church-yard :  this,  with  the 
church-houfey  was  let,  in  the  next  reign,  for  xiij  s.  iiij  d.  a  year. 
The  field  has  entirely  loft  its  name,  which  is  the  more  re- 
markable, as  in  fome  parts  this  adlive  game  of  our  anceftors  is 
ftill  much  in  fafhion.  There  is  alfo  a  large  ploughed  field,  in 
which  a  ftrip  of  glel)e  land  lies,  belonging  to  Filet's  farm,  called 
Julian's.  The  labyrinths,  and  mazes  made  of  earth-works,  the 
fcenes  of  ruftic  diverfions  of  old,  were  in  fome  parts  called 
Julian's  Bowers,  If  any  fuch  exiftcd  here,  as  from  the  name 
there  probably  did,  the  plough  has  levelled  them,  as  in  other 
places,   and  the  very  tradition  of  the  fport  is  forgotten  \ 

After  his  death.  Sir  Jf'ni.  Clopton  his  fon  became  poffeired  of 
this  manor;  and  19  Henry  VII.  by  the  name  of  Sir  Wm.  Clopton 
of  Melford,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  knight,  {o\\  and  heir  of 
John  Clopton,  efquire,  enfeoffed  Sir  Wm.  Waldegrave,  knight, 
Sir  Robert  Peyton,  knight,  and  feveral  others,  in  it,  to  the  ufe 
of  his  will.  To  this  deed  he  affixed  the  feal  of  Franceys,  his 
grandmother  being  an  heirefs  of  that  name:  it  is  of  red  wax, 
near  an  inch  in  diameter  ;  the  fliield  is  reprefented  as  hanging 
on  a  tree,   which  diverges  at  top  into  two  round  heads. 

The  next  year  he  fold  the  manor  and  advowfon,  with  their 
appurtenances,  to  Sir  Robert  Drury,  knight,  in  exchange,  for  the 
manors  of  Henfted  and  Blomftons,  in  this  county,  and  M  marcs, 
cc  of  which  were  paid  in  hand  ;  and  the  reft  were  to  be  paid  by 
inftallments,  between  the  hours  of  nine  and  ten  in  the  forenoon, 

'  Camping  wis  not  only  good  exercife  for  the   performers  themfclves,  but  fup- 
pofed  alfo  to  be  kich  for  tht-  field  on  which  they  engaged,  according  to  Tufier; 
In  meadow  or  p.idiire  (to  grow  the  more  fine) 
Let  campers  be  camping  in  any  of  thine  ; 
Which  if  ye  do  fiiffer,  when  low  is  the  fpring, 
Yoti  g;iin  to  yourlelf  a  commodious  thing. 
*  Sec  Ilutcnins's  Ilillory  of  Dorfctfhire  V.  I.  p.  100. 

Q  at 


1 14  HISTORY     A  N  D     A  N  T  1  Q_U  I  T  1  E  S         [Chap.  111. 

at  the  rode  altar  in  the  church  of  the  monaftery  at  St.  Edmund's 
Bury.  The  deed  is  dated  i6  Nov.  20  Henry  VII.  and  figned 
Avithin  the  fold  of  the  parchment,  VVilUam  Clopton,  though  it; 
is  only  faid  that  the  parties  have  interchangeably  let  their  leals. 
The  feal  is  broken  off.  Several  receipts  on  paper  for  the  pur- 
chafe-money  are  flill  extant,  and  figned,  "  By  me  Wyllyam  Clopton^ 
knigbtr  His  feal,  a  ton,  out  of  which  iffues  fome  plant,  per- 
haps a  caltrop,  which  might  be  contraded  to  the  firft  fyllable  of 
his  name. 

Sir  William,  1 2  Feb.  following,  fuffered  a  recovery  of  the 
manor,  &c.  to  the  ufe  of  Sir  Robert  Drury.  To  this  is  appen- 
dant a  feal  of  green  wax,  reprefented  in  the  plate  N°  I.  and  two 
days  afterwards,  John,  Robert  and  William,  fons  of  Sir  William, 
releafed  their  title  in  the  faid  manor,  &c.  to  Sir  Robert. 

Thus  ceafed  this  family's  intereft  here,  after  a  continuance  of 
better  than  140  years ;  and  the  Drurys  now  engrolTed  almoft  the 
whole  village. 

The  Cloptons  took  their  name  from  a  village  in  this  county  : 
from  which  they  were  probably  detached  very  early,  as  there  is 
no  record  that  mentions  their  having  any  poffellions  there. 
William  de  Clopton  had  property  at  Wickhambrook,  43  Henry 
111.  and  his  grandfon  Sir  Thomas  acquired  the  manor  of  Kent- 
well,  in  Melford,  by  marrying  Catharine  the  daughter  and  heirefs 
of  Wm.  Mylde  or  Meld,  who  died  48  Henry  III.  It  was  his 
brother  Sir  William  who  purchafed  this  manor,  and  probably 
rclided  here:  but  his  fon  felling  it  to  William  fon  of  Sir  Thomas, 
the  family  quitted  this  place,  refiding  at  their  noble  feat  called 
Kentwell-Hall,  in  Melford,  where  they  continued  till  Sir  William 
Cloptofi  left  an  only  daughter  and  heir  married  to  Sir  Simonds 
D'Ewes.  Their  only  daughter  Siffilia,  who  died  in  1661,  was 
the  wife  of  Sir  Thomas  Darcy,  hart.  Soon  after  the  Revolution, 
that  eftate  was   in  Sir  Thomas  Robinfon,  bart.  whofe  grandfon 

Sir 


Chap.  III.]  OF        H     A    W    S    T    E    D.  115 

Sir  Thomas,  early  in  this  century,  fold  it  to  John  More,  alias 
Mould,  elquire,   whofc  defcendants  ftili  poliels  it. 

A  younger  branch  of  the  Cloptons  had  for  fome  time  been 
feated  at  Lyfton,  in  Effex,  about  two  miles  off,  where  they  con- 
tinued till  Foley  Clopton^  M.  D.  a  batchelor,  left  that  eftate  to  his 
only  fifler,  married  to  Edward  Crifpe,  of  Rury,  efq.  They 
fold  it  to  Wm.   Campbell,  efq;   who  now  refides  there. 

The  name,  I  believe,  became  extinct  by  the  death  of  Dr. 
Foley  Clopton,  in  1730,  who  left  the  chief  part  of  his  eftate 
for  the  founding  an  hofpital  at  Bury,  for  lix  old  men  and  fix  old 
women.  His  fifter  died  without  ifTue :  her  niece  Elizabeth 
Clopton  was  married,  in  1746,  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Gilbert  Affleck, 
of  Dalham,  in  this  county,  who  died  in  1763  ;  Hannah,  another, 
was  married  to  Martin  Folkes,  efq;  of  Chevely  in  Cambridgefliire; 
and  the  iffue  of  thofe  two  matches  are  the  reprefentatives  of  this 
ancient,  and  refpedlable,  family. 

D  RU  R  Y. 

Having  thus  traced  the  lords  of  the  two  manors  to  the  ex- 
tin(flion  of  their  property  in  this  village,  I  fiiall  now  give  fome 
account  of  the  Drurys,  in  whom  both  of  them  were  firft  united. 
This  family  came  into  England  at  the  conqueft ;  immediately 
after  which,  they  were  feated  at  Thurfton,  in  this  neighbour- 
hood, where  they  continued  till  Sir  Roger  Drury  (who  died  in 
141 8)  removed  to  Rougham  ;  and  Roger  Drury  (who  died  in 
1500)  became  feated  here.  Their  pedigree  is  here  given  from  the 
beautiful  original  in  the  poffeffion  of  Sir  William  Wake,  bart. 
one  of  the  reprefentatives  of  this  family,  and  whofe  kindnefs  in 
the  loan  of  it,  I  feize  with  pleafure  this  occafion  of  acknow- 
ledging. Mr.  Blomefield  mentions  it ;  but  fays,  he  had  no  op- 
portunity of  making  extrads  from  it  '. 

'liill.  Norfolk,  V.  I.  p.  185. 

Q   2  This 


1 16  II I  S  T  O  Jl  Y     AND     A  N  T  I  QJJ  1  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  III. 

This  Roger,  by  the  name  of  Roger  Drury,  of  Ilawfted,  elq; 
became  pofielTed  of  the  manor  of  Bokenham's,  3  Edw.  IV.  it 
being  then  afligned  him  by  William  Colman,  to  whom  it  had 
been  releafed  by  John  JVIarfhall,  who,  as  w^e  have  feen  before,  had 
been  eftated  therein  by  John  Bokenham,  and  Alice  his  wife.  He 
died  probably  not  long  before  his  will  was  proved,  which  was  on 
22  March,  1500,  in  the  chapel  of  St.  Leonard,  near  Norwich. 
He  muft  have  reached  a  great  age,  as  his  father  is  faid  to  have 
attended  John  of  Gaunt  in  his  expedition  into  Spain,  in  1386. 

The  will  itfelf  is  dated  20  Jan.  1493;  and  at  that  time  he 
feemed  dovibtful  of  the  place  of  his  fepulture,  which,  was  after- 
wards certainly  in  this  church  ;  to  which  he  was  yet  very  penu- 
rious, bequeathing  it  only  the  contingency  of  a  fermon  once  a 
year  for  ten  years:  perhaps  he  was  the  lefs  liberal,  as  the  advow- 
fon  was  not  yet  in  his  family.  The  will  is  extant  in  the  rcgiftry 
of  the  bifliop  of  Norwich,  and  contains  fo  many  remarkable 
particulars  as  to  be  worth  preferving. 

In  Dei  nomine,  Amen,  I  Roger  Drury,  of  Hawlfted,  in  the  com.  of  Suffolk, 
efqiier,  beynge  in  hole  mende,  and  beleyvint^  as  God  and  the  church  wuld  I 
fliuld  ',  the  XX  davKif  January^  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  God  mcccc  and  Lxxxxiij, 
malic  my  teftament  in  this  wyle.  Fyrlt  1  bequeth  my  Ibiile  to  Aimyghty  God,  and 
to  our  Lady  Seine  Mary,  and  to  all  the  Company  of  Hevyn  ;  my  body  to  be 
burved  in  fuche  place  wher  I  trurt  in  God  to  afllgne  at  the  tyme  of  my  dethe.  Alfo 
1  will  that  mvn  executors  rccevve  my  detts,  and  pay  my  detts  :  and  it  any  wronge 
have  I  do  ",  as  God  defend,  to  any  perlon  or  perfons,  duly  provid  and  examyned 
be  mv  faid  executors,  I  will  they  be  rcftored.  Alfo  1  will  that  if  it  pleafe  the 
abbot  of  Bury,  and  iiis  convent,  to  kepe  a  deryge  for  me  in  the  quere,  antl  maffe 
of  requiem  on  the  next  day  at  the  hey  aultar,  becaufc  it  plcafed  them  to  make  me  a 
brother  ^  of  their  chapter,  I  will  that  the  faid  abbot  have  xxs.  the  prior  vjs.  viijd. 

the 

'  Xotice  has  been  before  taken  of  this  profelTion  of  his  orthodoxy.  Seep.  671. 

*  This  provilion  is  not  imfiefiuent  in  old  wills,  and  marks  an  age  when  the  great  were  both 
wilhng  to  oppress  iheir  inferiors,  and  able  to  do  it  with  impunity.  When  death  approached,  they 
felt  rcmorle  of  confcienee,  and  enjoined  their  executors  to  ledrcfs  injuries,  of  which  none  could  be 
inch  comix-tent  judges  as  thofe  that  had  committed  them.  Tlie  prefent  teftator,  by  the  expiellion 
"  as  Ciod  defend"  (that  is,  forbid),  implies  his  hope  that  he  had  not  commitied  any;  but  how  can 
a  man  wrong  another  without  knowing  it,  or  without  the  otlier's  complaining  to  him  it  he  dares  f 

'  Perfons  of  the  firll  rank  were  delirous  of  becoming  brethren  of  religious  focieties  ;  for  they 
r>ere  to  participate  in  the  merits  of  their  prayers  and  otlier  \\oith)'  aiftions,  while  living;  and  to  be 

prayed 


Chap.  III.]  O     F         H     A     W     S     T     E     D.  ^17 

the  fexten,  iijs.  iiijd.  the  felerer,  iijs.  iiijd.  the  chantor,  iijs.  iiijd.  and  every  other 
monke  preftc,  xxd.  and  they  that  be  no  prelles,  xij  d.  apece. ;  and  this  I  will  imme- 
diately be  doon  after  my  deceaffe,  as  fone  as  it  may.  Alfo  I  bequeth  to  Anne 
BafTet,  the  doughter  of  John  Baffet  and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  xls.  to  her  maryage. 
Ahb  I  bequeth  to  Mr.  Thomas  Coote,  parfon  of  Hawfted,  for  my  tythes  not  full 
content  in  tymes  part,  xx  s.  Alfo  I  bequeth  to  the  hey  auter  of  the  churches  of 
Hartcft,  Somerton,  and  Whepfted,  to  iche  of  them,  vj  s.  viijd.  Alio  1  bequeth  to 
the  reparacion  of  the  church  of  Onhosvs,  wher  I  am  patron,  xls.  Alfo  to  the  ij 
houles  of  Frerers  of  Thetford,  to  iche  of  them  for  a  deryge,  and  a  mafle,  xiij  s. 
iiijd.  To  the  nunnes  of  the  fame  towne,  xxs.  in  lyke  wyle  to  the  Freres  of  Sud- 
bury, xiij  s.  iiijd.  in  lyke  wyfe  to  the  Freres  of  (Hare,  xiiis.  iiijd.  lyke  wife  to 
the  white  Freres  of  Cawmbrege,  iijs.  iiijd.  Alfo  I  bequeth  to  Ric.  Jerveys, 
xiijs.  iiiid.  to  Agnes  his  wyfe,  iijs.  iiijd.  to  VViltm.  Hyndey,  vjs.  viijd.  to 
Henry  Fynche,  iijs.  iiijd.  to  Belamy,  iiis.  iiijd.  to  Nunne,  xxd.  to  Roger 
Aired,  iijs.  iiijd.  to  Elizabeth  Drury,  my  fervant  and  kyncfwoman  ',  x  marks, 
whcch  Roberd  my  fonne  hath  in  his  kepyng.  Alfo  I  will,  and  fpecyally  defyer, 
my  faid  executors,  and  John  Bafle,  to  take  heed  to  the  yerly  payment  of  xs. 
by  yer  of  annuitye,  which  George  Nunne  payth,  and  muft  pay,  during  the 
terme  of  xxxvij  ^ers,  from  Mychelmas  laft  parte,  which  was  the  ix  yer  of  kyng 
Henry  the  vij,  as  by  the  dedys  of  the  faid  annuitye  more  playnlye  apperyth  :  the 
which  xs.  1  will  be  fpent  in  red  herynge,  yerly,  in  Lenton,  amonge  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Whepfted,  fume  more,  and  fume  leiTe,  as  povertie  rcquiieth:  and  to  be 
bought  and  dclyvered  by  the  hands  of  the  faid  John  BafTe,  during  his  life,  and 
after  his  deceffe,  by  the  hands  of  luche  on  as  fliall  be  named  by  myn  executors. 
Alio  1  will,  that  Anne  my  wyfe  have  all  luch  fluff  of  houfhold,  utenfiles,  plate,  and 
jewels,  with  the  bocks  [books]  that  wer  her  or  [before]  I  maryed,  withought  any  in- 
terrupcon,  or  trobill.  And  1  will  that  fhe  have  of  my  plate,  a  gilt  pece  ....  with 
a  bafe  foote,  which  weycth  xxiij  unc.  A  ftandyng  pece  white  and  gilt,  the  which 
weyeth  xxvij  unc.  myn  old  filver  bafon  with  the  Drury's  armes  departed  S  which 
weyeth  xxxvij  unc.  alfo  my  gilt  ewer  ',  the  which  weyeth  xviij  unc.  Alfo  I  will 
that  flie  have  my  chaled  pece  with  m}  n  armys  in  the  boiom,  the  which  weyeth  xij 
unc.  becaule  flie  hath  ij  peces  of  the  fame  fute.  Alfo  I  will  that  Ihe  have  my 
playne  flat  pece,  with  a  gilt  knoppe,  which  weyeth  xvj  unc.     Alfo  I  will   that   fhe 

prayed  for  by  them  when  dead.  When  this  Roger  was  admitted  into  the  fraternity  he  mentions,  I 
know  not;  but  in  1440,  his  elder  brother  Henry,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  with  Himiphiey  earl  of 
Bvitks,  his  countefs,  and  two  tons,  Henry  de  Bourcher  earl  of  Ewe,  and  his  Ion,  Anne  de  V'ere,  a 
daughter  of  the  earl  of  Oxford,  and  leveral  others,  received  this  favour;  when  they  gave  the 
monallery  a  grand  entertainment,  belides  two  rich  copes  with  all  that  belonged  to  them.  Regillrum 
Curteys.  MSS.  B. 

'  The  relations  of  perfons  of  rank  and  fortune  fometimes  waited  upon  them  in  the  capacity  of 
ftrvants.  Tlie  earl  of  Northimiberland,  about  this  period,  was  fcrved  by  his  lecond  Ion,  as  carver, 
by  his  third,  as  fewar.  Houfehold  Book.  See  alfo  the  Dilfcrtatiou  prefixed  to  the  3d  volume  of  Air. 
\\'art()n"s  Hift.  of  Englifli  Poetry,  p.  •:  if. 

*  Quartered.  He  bequeaths  another  bafon  with  his  whole  arms. 

*  When  Greruio  was  boalHngof  the  finery  he  could  bellow  upon  his  wife,  he  fays ; 

-mv  houle 


Is  richly  fiirnidicd  with  plate  and  gold, 
Bafoni  and  civsrs,  to  lave  her  dainty  hands. 


Taming  of  a  Shrew.     A.  II. 

have 


ii8.  HISTORY    AND     ANTIQ^UITIES        [Chap.  III. 

have  my  powder-box  ',  which  vveveth  vij  unc.  Alio  I  will  that  flie  have  my 
piimc-r  '  clothed  with  purpill  damalke;  and  my  bok.e  clothed  with  red  leather,  in 
which  boke  is  the  mafic  of  Jhu.  AUb  I  will  that  Cne  have  my  white  counterpeynt  '', 
which  hath  myn  armys ;  my  greene  coverlyght  "  wrought  with  white  coton,  my 
payer  ot'  fiiftyans  \  my  hoole  chamber  "  that  I  ly  in,  my  ij  bedds  in  my  maidons 
cnamber  hoole,  "with  the  change  of  fliets  longyng  to  all  the  faid  chambers.  Alfo 
I  will  that  fl-je  have  of  myn  other  fhets  and  napery  fuch  parte  as  fhe  thynkyth 
ncceir.iry  for  her  withought  contradicon.  AHo  1  will  that  Hoberd  my  fonc  have 
my  bocks  of  Lat^n  lying  in  my  chapell  or  longing  thereto,  the  day  of  the  making 
of  this  my  teftamenr,  except  the  bocks  before  except.  Alfo  I  will  that  he  have 
my  ij  veflments,  on  of  cloth  cf  golde,  the  other  of  red  fylk,  with  ij  corporafes  \ 
the  ton  lyke  to  the  vcftment  of  golde,  the  tother  blacke  velvet,  with  all  the  atKer 
clothes,  frunteleys  %  and  hangyngs  concernyng  to  the  faid  chapell.  Alio  I  will 
that  he  have  to  the  faid  chapell  my  gilt  chaleys,  weying  xx  unc.  my  ij  fiandyng 
candleftykkes  of  xxiij  unc.  n^y  ij  cruets  '  gilt  and  white  xx  unc.  Alfo  I  will  that 
he  have  my  filver  balbn  with  myn  hoole  armys,  and  the  white  ewer  thereto,  the 
which  weyeth  f,^  and  xj  unc.  Alfo  I  will  that  he  have  my  chafyng  chafor  of  filver, 
which  weyeth  xxvij  unc.  Alfo  I  will  that  he  have  the  xiij  fponys,  the  which  are 
dayly  in  the  borery,  with  the  fquare  peynts,  which  weyen  xiij  unc.  di  et  quart. 
Summa  v„'\  and  xiij  unr.  di  et  quart.  Alfo  I  will  that  the  faid  Roberd  have  my 
gret  cownterpeynt  with  ihe  boufers  '°  armys,  and  my  payer  of  ftamyns  ".  Alfo  I 
will  that  Anne  the  wyfe  of  the  faid  Roberd  my  fone  have  the  choyfe  of  my  two 

'  Towder,  originally  employed  to  clean  the  hair,  was  not,  I  believe,  iifed  as  an  ornament,  till 
after  the  middle  of  the  lali  century.  This  powder-box  was  probably  for  perfumed  powder,  which  was 
of  e;irly  ule,  particulnrlv  for  the  cloaths.  In  a  copy  of  a  wardrobe  account,  9  Ehz.  in  the  polleffion 
of  the  duchels  dowager  of  Portland,  occur  6  lb.  of  fweet  powder  ufed  for  the  queen's  robes,  at 
13  s.  4d.  a  pound. 
'^  The  primer  contained  a  colleftion  of  prayers,  pfahiis,  hjmns,  &c.  in  Latin  and  Englifli ;  re- 
tained, v.'ith  alteration,  after  the  Reformation.     Brit.  Topog.  II.  p.  323. 

3  Now  called  counterpane.     An  ornamental  covering  for  the  bed. 

♦  Couvre  lit,  Fr.  now  commonly  called  a  quit  ;   a  name  not  unknown  formerly. 

«  Blankets  made  of  fullian.     So' in  Chancer,  a   great  man,  comforting  his   daughter,  who  was 
become  melancholy,   promiies  her,  among  other  luxuries  and  elegances, 
Your  blankets  fliall  be  of  fuftayne. 

'  The  whole  furnitine  of  my  chamber. 

'  The  C'r/icr<2j  «as  the  conftcrated  hoft,  and  the  cafe  in  whiihitwns  depoli'ed  was  called  the 
C'lrporai  Caic,  and  lometinies  only  the  Corpcras.  So  in  Blomefield's  Hilt.  Norf.  (where  by  the  bye, 
more  intormation  relative  to  ancient  manners  and  culioms  may  be  tollec'teci,  than  in  perhaps  all  the 
other  county  hillories  put  together)  ;  a  cafe  of  red  velvet  on  one  lidc,  for  the  Cotporaji  to  be  put  in. 
V.  II.  p.  cij.  Corpora!  Cafe  of  blew  cloth  of  gold  tiffue,  with  the  Curporafe  iherein  ready  hallaiK-eds 
639.  Sornctimes  a  cloth  or  covering  was  laid  over  this  cafe  ;  as,  a  Ccrporas  Kercoir,  with  ti.e  cafe  of 
ivhiie  Aaniajl-,  wrouglu  with  branches  of  gold,  &c.  67S.  Two  Corpora!  Cappes  (Capfa;,  or  Cafes) 
one  without  a  C^rtfc/';     Hill.  Dunwich,  p.  158. 

•  Cloths  for  the  front  of  the  altar,  more  ornamented  than  the  other  parts;  as  they  often  are  at 
prefent. 

«  'I  hefc  flood  on  the  altar,  and  contained  water,  and  wine. 

'°  Bourchers. 

"  Blankets  made  of  wool.  Etamisr,  forte  d'etoffe  legcre  qui  ert  faite  ccmine  la  toile,  avec  de  la 
laine  feche  et  dcgraiifcc  avec  du  liivon  noir.  Richlet.  Siamcn  Petticoat,  with  two  guards.  Eall- 
ward  Hoe,  printed  1605. 

mafcrs. 


Chap.  III.]  OF         H     A    W     S     T     E     D.  119 

mafers  '.  And  I  will  that  Margaret  the  wyfe  of  my  fone  "William  have  the  tother 
mafer.  The  on  mafer  with  the  cover  filver  gilt,  weyeth  xvj  iinc.  and  the  tocher 
with  the  peynted  cuver  and  the  gilt  knoppe,  weyeth  xvj  unc.  Alio  I  will  that 
Anne  the  doughter  of  the  faid  Roberd  have  my  primer  clothed  in  bawdekyn  \ 
Alfo  I  will  that  William  my  fone  have  my  ij  Inglyfhe  bocks,  called  Bochas,  of 
Lydgat's  '  makyng.  Alfo  I  will  that  the  faid  William  have  on  of  my  fedyrbedds, 
with  a  traverfin  *  of  the  fame  fute,  lying  in  the  chapell  chamber.  Alfo  I  will  that 
Anne  my  wyfe  have  of  my  cofers  and  chefts,  fiich  as  (he  thynketh  fliall  be  necefTary 
for  her.  The  relidue  of  my  Huff  of  houlhold  in  the  keeping  of  the  faid  Roberd 
and  Anne  his  wyfe,  at  the  tyme  of  my  dethe,  except  afore  except,  and  except 
niy  plate  not  bequethen,  I  will  that  the  faid  Roberd  my  fonne  have.  Alfo  I  will 
that  William  my  fone  have  all  fuche  Ihepe  as  I  have  at  gey  ft  ^  at  my  dethe.  The 
fume  of  this  my  tellament,  Icgat.  in  money,  as  it  is  above  wretyn,  drawith  xxvjl. 
xiij  s.  iiijd.  befide  the  x  markc  ailigned  to  Elizabeth  Drury,  the  which  x  marke 
Roberd  my  fone  hath  in  keeping.  Item,  I  will  that  c  marke,  the  which  my  fone 
Roberd  hath  of  myn  in  keeping,  in  money  and  in  plate,  goe  to  the  fyndyn  of  a 
fcoler  of  Devenyte  in  Cawmbreyge  *  for  x  yer,  gevyng  him  x  marke  yerly,  if  he 
will  preche  ones  in  the  yer,  daring  the  x  yer  at  Hury,  and  ones  at  Hawfted  :  and 
if  he  will  not  preche,  then  I  will  that  he  have  but  viij  marke  by  the  yer.  Alfo 
I  will  that  Katrine,  Jane,  and  Anne,  the  doughters  of  my  faid  fone  William,  have 
cl.  which  is  in  the  keping  of  the  faid  William,  to  ther  maryage;  that  is  to  fey, 
iche  of  them  l  marke  :  and  if  anv  of  the  iij  fufters  dye,  I  will  that  her  l  marke 
be  departed  '  betwyn  the  toder  ij  fufters  ;  and  if  any  of  the  iij  fufters  intende  to  be  a 

'  Thefe  mafers  have  been  thought  by  Du  Cange  and  others,  to  have  been  bowls  or  cnps,   made  of 
feme  precious  materials.     Some  have  thought,   that  they  were  made  of  maple  ;  lometimes  at  leall 
they  were  made  of  that  wood,  according  to  Spenfer,  who  (peaks  of 
A  ma-zci  ywroiight  of  the  mafle  aia'V. 

Minfliew  fays,  they  were  made  of  the  roots  of  that  tree,  which  are  remarkable  for  their  beautiful 
veins.  Perhaps  they  were  made  of  any  wood,  which,  when  turned  and  polillicd,  fliewed  an  elegant 
and  variegated  furface.  Laiigham,  in  his  Garden  of  Health,  printed  in  1 1;97,  mentions  the  medicinal 
virtue  of  the  gumm  of  the  mazer  or  ivild  cherry- trei.  p.  i  ^6.  They  were  let  or  mounted  with  lilvcr, 
as  we  often  tee  cocoa  nut-fliells  at  prefent.  Among  Cardinal  Woliey's  plate  was  a  great  malar,  and 
four  fmall  niafars,  and  a  cover  of  wood.  Gutche's  Coll.  Cur.  II.  p.  33S.  A  curious  malei  is  en- 
graven, and  defcribed,  in  Gent.  Mas;.   1784. p.    257.  349. 

^  Gold  brocade.     1'he  riJicil  clodi. 

3  About  the  \ear  1 360,  Boccacio  wrote  a  Latin  hirtory,  in  ten  books,  cilled,  de  Cafibus  Vironim 
et  Feminarum  illuftiium.  It  was  foon  afterwards  tranflated  into  French,  by  one  Laurence,  a  Fi\nch 
ecclefiailic.  '1  his  tranflation  was  the  original  of  Lydgate's  Poem,  which  confifts  of  9  books;  and 
in  the  earlieft  edition,  printed  at  London,  without  date,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VlIL  is  thus  entitled, 
"  The  Tragedies  gathered  by  Jhon  Bochas,  of  fuch  princes  as  fell  from  theyr  eliates,  through  the 
"  miitabilitie  of  fortune  ;  fince  the  creation  of  Adam  until  h\s  time,  &;c.  tianllattd  into  Englifh 
"  by  John  L\dgate,  monke  of  Bury."     Warton's  Hift.  Englifli  Poetry  II.  p.  61,   2. 

'I  his  was  the  book  bequeathed;  and  being  yet  in  MS.  was  certainly  a  valuable  legacy.  There 
were  probably  feveral  copies  of  this  work  in  this  neighbourhood. 

*  This  word  occurs  in  the  Royal  Wills,  p   73.  and  n.eans  a  Bdfter,  which  lies  acrcf. 

5  Thefe  are  now  called,  Joiji  Cattle  ;  and  are  the  cattle  of  other  people  taken  to  palhire  at  ^o 
much  a  v\eek  or  month.  Theie  in  queftion  could  not  be  fuch  ;  they  were  perhaps  inch  as  were 
fat,  and  fit  for  flaughter.     Or  did  he  happen  to  have  any  of  his  own  at  Giyft,  at  this  tine? 

*  How  much  our  ancertors  attended  to  this  object,  the  mimberlefs  exhibitions,  ftill  exiitiug  in  our 
univeriities,  area  proof.     See  alfo  Kennett's  Paroch.  Antiq.  p.  214,    15. 

"  Divided.     So  in  the  old  lervice  of  matrimony,  "  till  Death  us  ilepaii." 

t  woman 


120  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  m. 

woman  of  religion  ',  than  I  will  that  fhe  have  x  marke,  the  day  of  her  profeflion, 
the  refidue  to  be  dcpaited  betwyn  the  tother  ij  fullers;  and  if  ij  of  them  dye  or 
they  be  maryed,  than  I  will  that  flie  that  furvyveth,  hath  c  marke  "  of  the  faid  cl. 
and  the  l  marke  relidue  I  will  be  difpofed  by  the  difcrecon  of  my  faid  fone  William, 
my  fone  Roberd,  and  Katrine  my  doughter,  to  the  profyte  of  his  other  children. 
And  if  all  the  iij  fufters  dyen,  then  I  will  the  faid  cl.  be  difpofed  of  the  difcrecon 
of  my  faid  fone  William,  Roberd,  and  the  faid  Katrine,  among  his  other  children, 
as  the  cafe  fliall  require.  The  which  cl.  I  will  my  fone  William  have  in  kepyng 
tyll  the  faid  dou;^'hters  be  maryed.  And  if  the  faid  William  dye,  or  they  be 
maryed,  than  I  will  my  fone  Roberd  have  the  cl.  in  kepyng  tyll  the  faid  doughters 
be  maryed.  And  for  the  performance  of  this  my  teftament  and  laft  will  of  my 
meveable  goods  ^,  1  make  myn  executors  the  faid  Roberd  my  lone,  and  William 
my  fone. 

He  was  fucceeded  by  his  eldeft  fon  Robert,^  fo  often  mentioned 
in  his  will ;  who  in  a  mortgage  '*  made  to  him  of  a  meffuage  and 
two  crofts,  in  Pynford  Street^  in  this  village,  i  Henry  VII.  was 
called  Robert  Drury,  of  Hawiled,  Efq.  One  of  his  firft  adts  after 
his  coming  to  his  inheritance,  feems  to  have  been  the  procuring 
from  the  pope  a  licence  for  the  chapel  in  his  houfe  ;  which  yet 
W26  certainly  in  life  before,  as  his  father  left  it  fo  handfomely 
furniflied,  at  his  death.  This  licence  bears  date  the  7th  of  the 
calends  of  July,  i  o  pope  Alexander  VI.  which  is  25  June,  1501, 
and  is  as  follows  : 

Julianus  miferatione  divina  epifcopus  Oftienfis,  diledlo  in  Chrifto  Roberto  Drury 
nobili  Norwicenfis  diocefeos,  falutcm  in  Domino,  tx  parte  tua  fuit  propofitum 
coram  nobis,  quod,  cum  quedam  capella  in  manerio  tuo  de  Halftede  dide  diocefeos 
quafi  per  unum  miiiare  vel  circa  a  parochiali  ecclefia  de  Halftede  diftet,  adeo  quod 
propter  hujufinodi  diltantiam,  hiemaii  et  aliis  temporibus  anni,  propter  nives, 
giacies,  imbres    et  inundationes  aquarum,  ec  viarum  difcrimina  quibus  ilia  regio 

'  If  one  became  a  nun,  (he  was  to  have  x  marke  (or  vjl.  xiijs.  iiijd.)  the  day  (he  took  the 
veil.  This,  i  iuppofe,  was  the  ufual  lum  which  religious  locietits  at  that  time  received,  for  the 
maintenance  of  a  young  woman  during  her  lite.  One  of  them  was  a  nun  at  Brufyard  in  this 
countv. 

^  So  at  all  events,  no  one  was  to  have  more  than  c  marke  (or  Lxvj  I.  xiijs.  iiijd.)  which  was 
donbtlefs  thought  an  ample  fortune  for  a  gentleman's  daughter. 

3  He  fays  meveable  (niovcible)  goods ;  for  a  man  could  not  difpofe  of  his  lands  till  32  Henry  VHI. 
which  is  the  rcafon  that  we  find  the  teflators  before  that  tin;e,  lo  bulily  eniployed  in  dilpoiitig  of 
their  pcrlonal  etfets,  and  totally  hlent  about  entailing  or  felling  their  manors,  Sic. 

*  The  deed  is  indented  at  top,  and  on  the  left  fide  ;  the  indentures  being  marked  with  large 
dimidiated  capital  letters  ;  a  cuftom  frequent  in  this,  and  the  reijiu  of  Edward  1\'. 

habundat ; 


Chap  III.]    -  O    F       H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  121 

habiindat ;  pro  miffis  et  aliis  divinis  officiis  audiendis,  tu  et  uxor  tua,  ac  heredes  et 
fucccflbres,  e:  familiares  tui,  ac  alii  pro  tempore  declinantes,  prefertim  dominicis 
et  aliis  feftivis  diebus,  prout  tenemini,  didani  parochialcm  ecclefiam  commode, 
prouc  tu  et  uxor  tua,  ac  heredes  et  fucceflbres,  ac  familiares  predidi  velletis, 
accedere  non  poteftis,  defideratis  in  difta  capeila  in  manerio  predidto,  que  nonduni 
confecrata  exiftit,  per  prefbyterum  ydoneum  fecuhrem  vel  regularem,  pro  tempore 
depucandum,  miffas  ec  alia  divina  officia  cckbrari  facere,  et  ea  audire,  ac  Eucha- 
riftiam  et  quecunque  alia  facramenta  et  lacramentalia  ecclefiaftica,  quoriens  fuerit 
opportunum,  ab  eodem  prefbycero  recipere,  quod  vobis  minime  pcrmitticur  abfque 
fcdis  aportolice  difpenfatione  et  licentia  fpeciali ;  quare  fupplicari  fccifti  humiliter 
tibi  et  uxori  ac  heredibus  et  fucceflbribus  et  familiaribus  tuis  predidis  in  perpetuum 

fuper  hiis  per  fedis  predifte  clementiam provider!.     Nos  igitur  attendenies, 

quod  in  hiis  que  ad  divinum  cultum  pertinent  favorabiles  effes  debemus  et  benigni, 
tuilique  in  hac  parte  fupplicationibus  inclinati ;  auftoritate  domini  pape,  cujus  peni- 
teiiciarie  curam  gerimus,  et  de  ejus  fpeciali  mandato  fuper  hoc  vive  vocis  oraculo 
nobis  fafto,  ut  per  quemcumque  prelbyterum  ydoneum  fecularem  vel  regularem, 
per  to  et  heredes  tuos  ac  fuccellbres  prediftos  deputandum,  cum  altari  portabili,  ei 
aliis  rebus  ad  hoc  neceffariis  et  opportunis  adhibitis,  veflri  ordinarii  et  loci  predidi 
redoris  aut  prefbyteri  parochiani  licentia  minime  requifita,  mifTas  et  alia  divina 
officia,  dominicis  et  aliis  feftivis  ac  proteftis  diebus  prout  vidcbitur,  ceiebrari 
fa<:ere  et  ea  audire,  ac  euchariftiam  et  quecumqUe  alia  facramenta  et  facramemalia 
ecclefiaftica  ab  eodem  (felto  pafchali  duntaxat  excepto)  libere  et  licite  recipere 
poflitis  et  valeatis  ;  jure  tamen  parochialis  ecclefie  In  omnibus  femper  falvo,  et  fine 
alicujus  juris  prejudicio,  tibi  ac  heredibus  et  fucceflbribus  utriufque  fexus  ac  pref- 
bycero predido  (veris  exiftentibus  fupradidis),  tenore  prefentium  liberam  conce- 
diinus  facultatem  -,  ac  tecum  et  heredibus  et  fucceflbribus  ac  prelbytero  prefatis 
fuper  hiis  difpenfamus  in  perpetuum,  conftitutionibus  apoftolicis  ac  provincialibus, 
et  fynodalibus  conciliis  editis  generalibus  vel  fpecialibus,  nee  non  Ottonis  et  Odoboni 
©lini  in  regno  Anglic  apoftolice  fedis  legatorum,  ceterifque  conrrariis  non  obftantibus 
quibufcumquc.  Datum  Rome  apud  fandum  Pctrum  fub  figillo  officii  pcnitenciarie 
vij  kal.  Julii,  pontifieatus  domini  Alexandri  pape  vj  anno  decimo. 

Appendant  to  the  above,  by  a  ftrong  woven  cord,  is  a  thin 
feal,  reprefenting  I  believe  (for  the  impreflion  is  rather  obfcure) 
a  perlbn  feated  under  a  Gothic  canopy,  and  holding  a  child  ; 
beneath  is  an  efcutcheon  with  two  keys  in  faltire,  furmounted 
by  a  triple  crown,  circumfcribed,  sigillum  oficii  sacre  pe- 
i^iTENCiARiE  ap'lice.  It  is  of  white  wax,  incrufted  on  the 
iide  of  the  imprellion  with  a  thin  coat  of  red.  A  fliarp  oval, 
2  ^  by  I  I  inches,  fecured  in  a  tin  cafe  by  the  cord  before-men- 

R  tioiicd 


JJ2  HISTORY    AND     ANTIQ^UITIES  [Chap.  IH. 

tioned  palling  through  its  back  and  the  cafe,   and   tied  to  the 
deed. 

The  above  is  tranfcribed,  as  not  being  in  tlie  eommon  form  ; 
for  thefe  licences  were  not  generally  granted  by  the  pope,  but 
by  the  biiliop  of  the  diocefe,  who  did  not  prefume  to  grant 
thefe  domeiUc  chapels  fvich  privileges,  and  make  them  fo  nearly 
independent  of  the  parifli  church,  as  his  hplinefs  did.  The 
general  requiiites  for  granting  thefe  licences  were,  that  the 
perfon  fliould  be  a  man  of  rank  and  confequence  {nobil'is)^  an 
invalid,  or  living  at  a  diftance  from  the  church  :  the  laft  of 
which  circumftances  is,  in  the  prefent  inftance,  aggravated  by 
the  badnefs  of  the  roads,  which  is  defcribed  with  all  the  wordy 
parade  of  a  modern  conveyancer. 

The  portable  or  moveable  altar  granted  in  the  above  licence- 
was  fo  called  to  diftinguilli  it  from  the  larger  and  more  folid  one 
of  mafonry :  and  at  this  perhaps  maffes  might  be  celebrated  in 
any  apartment  m  the  houfe.  Thus  Sir  John  Bardolf  and  his 
wife  had  a  licence  from  the  pope,  in  1353,  to  have  a  portable 
altar,  upon  which  a  proper  prieft  might,  in  a  fuitable  place, 
in  their  prefence,  celebrate  mafles,  and  other  divine  offices  '. 
They  had  fometimes  very  diftinguiflied  privileges  annexed  to 
them.  Thus  Baldwin,  abbot  of  Bury,  in  the  time  of  the 
Conqueror,  brought  one  of  them  of  porphyry  from  Rome,  welL 
furniflied  with  reliques,  and  at  which,  as  long  as  the  convent 
preferved  it  entire,  maffes  might  be  celebrated,  though  the 
whole  kingdom  lay  under  an  interdisfl,  unlefs  the  pope  inter- 
dialed  that  by  name  % 

My  friend  Mr.  Fenn,  of  Dereham,  has  in  his  poffeffion  one 
of  thefe  implements.  It  belonged  formerly  to  Mr.  Thomas 
Martin,   who  ellecmed  it  a  fingular  curiofity.      It  is  made   of 

'  Hift.  Norf.  Vol.  IV.  p.  210, 
!  Battely's  Antiq.  Bur.  p.  4S. 

woodj 


Chap,  m.]  O    F      H    A    W    S     T    E    D.  .123 

wood,  in  the  fliape  of  a  reading  defk  ;  167  inches  high,  18 
^vide,  and  1 1  deep.  The  front  part  is  of  box,  carved  in  high 
reHef  with  the  traihng  branches  of  the  vine.  The  fides  are  of 
oak,  on  the  upper  parts  of  which  are  fculptured  the  branches 
of  the  fig  tree  ;  and  lower  down,  the  emblems  of  the  Evangelifts, 
two  on  each  fide.  The  whole  is  coloured  and  gilt  upon  a  white 
incruftation.  The  inclining  part  at  top  opens ;  and  the  front 
occafionally  falls  down :  upon  this  latter,  I  fuppofe,  were  placed 
the  confecrated  elements,  while  the  book  refted  on  the  upper 
part.  Within  are  drawers,  and  niches,  for  the  hoft,  reliques, 
&LC.     See  an  engraving  of  this  flirine  in  plate  IV. 

A  few  years  after  his  father's  death,  namely,  20  Henry  VII. 
Sir  Robert  made,  as  we  have  feen,  the  defirable  purchafe  of  the 
principal  manor  ;  and  by  afterwards  induftrioufly  buying  every 
little  parcel  of  land  that  could  be  procured,  became  the  pro- 
prietor of  almolt  the  whole  village.  And  as  a  fpecimen  of  the 
concife  manner  in  which  conveyances  were  then  fometimes 
made,  the  following  is  fubjoined  : 

This  bill  witneflTeth,  That  1  Robert  Gippes,  of  Cowlinge,  in  the  county  of 
Suffolk,  Hufbondman,  knowlege  me  by  thele  prefents  to  have  folde  unto  Sir  Robert 
Drury,  knight,  half  of  a  meflbage,  and  of  five  acres  of  land  and  con  half,  and  a 
rode  of  medow  and  pafture  lyeing  and  fituate  in  Hawftede,  to  hym  and  to  his 
heires  for  ever,  for  five  pounds  of  lavvfuU  money,  the  whiche  five  pounds  I 
knowlege  me  to  have  receyved  ;  and  the  feid  Sir  Robert,  his  executors  and  affignes 
thereof,  and  of  every  parcel  of  the  fame,  I  acquit  and  difcharge  for  ever.  In 
witneile  whereof  to  this  bill  I  have  fet  my  feale,  the  vj  day  of  January,  the  vij  yer 
of  king  Henry  the  VII Ith. 

Sir  Robert  was  privy  counfeilor  to  Henry  VII.  and  i  Henry 
VIII.  procured  licence  to  impark  2000  acres  of  land,  and  500 
of  wood,  in  Hawfted,  Whepfted,  and  Horningflieath.  He  died, 
I  fuppofe,  foon  after  24  Henry  Vlll.  for  that  year,  he  and 
Thomas  Bacon,  gentleman,  and  Roger  Sturgeon,  enfeoffed  Sir 
Robert  Norwich,  chief  juftice  of  the  King's  Bench,  and  feveral 

R   2  -  others, 


124         HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES    [Chap.  III. 

other.-,  in  his  manor,  &c.  of  Hawfled,  for  the  purpofe  of  ful- 
filling and  executing  his  lafr  will.  From  his  fliakiilg  hand,  he 
was  then  probably  old.  His  feal  of  red  wax  is  a  fmall  at>tique. 
The  deed  is  indented,  without  letters  at  the  ed-jr .  H=e,  was 
buried  in  St.  Mary's  chvnxh  at  Bury,  under  a  large  altar  menu- 
ment  of  ftone,  which  is  beneath  the  laft  arch  of  the  chancel 
towards  the  eaft,  oa  the  fouth  fide.  Weever  attributes  this  to 
a  Roger  Drury,  who  died  in  1472,  and  Agnes  his  wife,  who 
died  in  1445  ;  of  both  of  whom  the  pedigree  is  filent.  But 
the  \yomaa's  head-drefs  is  of  a  later  period  ;  and  the  whole  is 
evidently  of  thje  fame  date  as  that  oppofite  to  it,  for  Sir  William 
Carew,  w'ho  died  in  1501,  and  whofe  wife  in  1525;  flie  was 
firft  coufin  to  Sir  Robert  :  AH  that  remains  of  any  infcriptioii 
on  Sir  Robert's  monument,  is  this  diftich,  on  the  wooden, 
palifades ; 

Suche  as  ye  be  fome  tyme  ware  wee, 

Suche  as  wee  are,  fuche  fchail  ye  be. 

Sir  William  Drury,  his  fon,  fuffered  a  recovery  of  the  manors 
of  Hawfted  and  Onehoufe,  27  Henry  VIII.  Four  years  after- 
wards he  procured  a  grant  of  the  contiguous  manor  of  Whep- 
fted,  with  the  advo\vfon,  that  had  lately  belonged  to  the  mo- 
naftery  of  St.  Edmund.  This  muft  have  been  a  capital  addition 
to  his  pofleffions.  The  pedigree  makes  him  marry  a  daughter 
of  Henry  Sothell,  attorney  general  to  Henry  VII.  But  no  fuch 
perfon  appears  in  Sir  William  Dugdale's  feries.  Robert  South- 
well miles  was  made  Mafter  of  the  Rolls,  33  Henry  VIII.  and  his< 
fucceffor  appointed  4  Edward  VI. 

By  the  grants  which  he  obtained  from  queen  Mary  he  ap- 
pears to  have  been  a  favourite  of  that  princels  :  his  teftamentary 
difpofition  of  one  of  them  is  worth  noticing.  He  had  pur- 
cliafed  the  wardfliip  and  marriage  of  the  heir  of  the  Drurys  of 

Rougham, 


Chap.  III.]  OF       H     A    W    S     T    E     D.  125 

Rou^ham,  who,  he  intended,  flionld  marry  his  daughter  Eli- 
zaheth;  but  it"  any  difagreement  on  either  fide  fliould  hajipen, 
he  does  not  iniiit  that  the  marriage  ll^ould  take  place;  but 
dire<fts,  that  his  faid  daughter  fliould,  in  that  cafe,  have  the 
whole  advantage  that  might  arife  from  the  wardfliip  and  mar- 
riage. A  fingular  legacy  to  the  young  lady,  \vhcm  he  had 
dertined  for  his  ward's  wife.  The  match  of  courfc  took  place, 
when  the  minor  was  thus  thrown  into  his  miftrefTes  power. 

He  was  one  of  the  knights  of  the  fhire  from  7  Edward  VI.  to 
the  time  of  his  death,  which  happened,  as  we  have  already  feen 
by  his  epitaph,  1 1  Jan,  1557.  His  will  is  extant  in  the  regiftry 
of  the  prerogative  court  of  Canterbury  ' ;  and  needs  no  apology 
for  its  infertion.  It  is  often  from  thefe  records  alone  that  we 
can  become  acquainted  with-  the  property,  relations,  modes  of 
thinking,   and  feveral  other  particulars,  of  our  anceftors. 

In  the  name  of  God.  Amen.  I  Sir  William  Drurye,  knight,  the  xxvjth  dav 
of  December,  in  the  yere  of  our  Lord  God  a  thoufande  five  hundred  fihie  and 
feaven,  make  and  ordeyn  this  my  prefent  teflamenc  and  laft  will,  in  manner  and 
fourme  following ;  that  is  to  faye,  Firfle,  I  geve  and  bequeath  my  foule  to  Almightie 
God,  our  Ladye  Sainte  Marye,  and  to  all  cholly  ccnnpanye  of  Heaven;  and  my 
bodie  to  be  buried  within  the  churche  of  Hawfled  by  my  firfl  wif,  after  and  ac- 
cordinge  to,  my  degree,  by  the  difcreiion  of  myn  executors.  And  by  this  my 
prefcnt  teftament,  and  lafle  will,  1  revoke,  and  adnulie,  all  other  willes  and  tcfta- 
mentis  by  me  before  this  tyme  made  :  and  1  will  that  no  perfonne  ror  perfonnes 
fhall  take  any  advantage,  profit,  or  commoditie,  by  reafon  of  any  fuche  teilament, 
or  will,  by  me  at  any  tyme  before  this  tyme  made.  And  to  fulfill  this  my  prefcnt 
teftament,  and  laft  will,  and  every  thuige  that  is,  or  {hall  be,  therin  conteyned-,  I 
make  and  ordevne  myn  exccu'.or,  Elizabeth  my  wif;  and  I  ordeyn,  and  fpeciallye 
defire,  Sir  Richard  Kiche  knight  Lor^.c  Kiche,  to  be  a  fupervifor,  to  call  upon 
myn  executor  for  the  true  perfourmance,  and  execution,  of  this  my  prelent  tefta- 
ment, and  laft  will  ;  to  aide  and  helpe  her  in  fuch  things,  as  fhal  be  rcquifite  and 
receflarie  for  the  fame  :  and  1  geve  unto  him.  for  his  paynes  and  tricnddiip  therein, 
a  gilte  cuppe  with  :.  blue  flower  in  the  tcpp.  And  I  will,  that  my  faid  wif  and  all- 
my  cliildren,  and  BieJget  Jervis,  have  every  of  them  a  blacke  gowne ;  and  every 

'  The  gratification  of  curiofity  is  frequently  not  a  little  expenfive.  In  the  jrefent  infianrc,  the 
previous  liberty  of  exarr  ining,  the  fees  of  oliice,  and  a  gratuity  to  the  traiiforiber,  coft  one  j^uinoa  j 
Delides  thirteen  fix-penny  ftamps  upon  the  three  flieets  of  paper. 

of. 


126  HISTORY     AND     ANTIQUITIES         [Chap.  III. 

of  my  houfholde  fervgunts,  blacke  coates.  And  I  will  and  require,  my  faide  executors 
to  pay  my  dettis,  as  fone  as  they  convenientlie  may.  Item,  I  gcve  and  bequeth  to 
Elizabeth  my  wif  fortie  pounds  worth  of  my  plate,  after  the  rate  of  vjs.  the 
ounce  and  all  oilt,  and  vs.  filver  and  parcel  '  gilt,  if  it  can  be  convenientlie  born, 
and  my  dettis  being  difcharged  and  trulie  paid.  And  I  geve  and  bequeth  alio  to 
my  faide  wif,  all  the  refidew  of  my  plate,  to  be  difpofed  to  my  children,  and  my 
fonne  Roberte's  children  -,  fo  that  my  dettis  may  be  well  and  trulie  paide  of  the 
refidew  of  my  goods  and  cattales,  and  this  my  prefent  telkment,  and  laft  will,  alio 
performed  with  the  fame  refidew  of  my  goods,  and  with  the  yffues  and  profittes, 
rentes  and  fervices,  of  fuch  mannors,  lands,  tenements,  and  hereditaments,  as  here- 
after be  willed,  devifed,  and  afiigned,  to  my  faid  executor,  for  the  terme  of  certayne 
yeers :  and  fuch  parte  of  the  fame  plate  as  William  Drury,  my  fonne  Roberte's 
eldeft  fonne,  fhall  have  to  be  delivered  him  at  his  full  age.  Alfo  I  geve  to  my  faid 
wif,  thirtie  payer  of  good  flieets,  fixe  fetherbedds,  and  vj  mattrafies,  with  boltkrs 
for  them ;  of  whiche  fetherbedds,  two  of  them  be  in  myn  owne  chamber;  and  I 
geve  unto  the  fame  Elizabeth  my  wif,  the  fparvers  ^  and  hangings  of  the  fame  two 
beildcs  ufually  occupied  and  hanging  over  and  aboute  the  fame  two  beddes  :  and 
aUb  the  hanoings  '  aboute  myn  owne  chamber,  and  the  hangings  in  the  mayden's 
chamber,  where  Elizabeth  Holt  did  lye.  Alfo  I  geve  unto  my  faid  wyf  fix  pillowes 
of  downe,  one  trufTing  cofer  *,  and  the  cofer  of  walnott  tree,  and  one  great  fhipp 
cofcr  5 ;  and  fix  carpet  cufshinnes  ",  the  beft  flie  will  chufe;  and  one  culshinn  of 
fiike  wrought  with  the  nedill ;  three  cufshinnes  of  fattin  paned;  one  carpitt  for  a 
cupbord  of  thole  whiche  were  of  her  owne  making.  And  alio  I  will  that  fhe 
Ihall  have  all  her  chaines  and  jewelles,  with  all  her  appareiU  belonging  unto  her. 

'  Partly  gilt.  So  Shakfpeare "has,  *'  a  parcel-gilt  goblet ;"  and,  "  a  tapfter,  parcel-bawd."  This 
partly-gilt  plate  is  called  in  Sir  Roger  Driiry's  will,  before  recited,  ''  gilt  and  white." 

*  A Jharnnr  Iccms  to  have  been  that  frame,  with  its  valances,  at  the  top  of  the  bed,  to  which 
the  curtain  rods  were  fattened  ;  including  perhaps  fometimes  the  telfor,  or  head-piece.  A  fparver 
of  orein  and  black  lay,  with  courteyns  of  the  fame,  h  Jfcr-vrr,  with  courtayiaes  to  the  fame,  of 
yellow  and  greine,  from  an  in-vcntory  of  furniture,  30  Henry  VIII.  See  Horda  Angel  Cynnan,  III. 
p.  66,  7.  In  an  inventory,  dated  1606,  mention  is  made  of  a  fpaivcr  of  wainlcoat.  Perhaps,  Eip'ver 
pur  Ic  corps  de  n're  ftignV,  in  Royal  Wills,  p.  31.  may  mean  a  kind  of  canopy,  that  was  raifed 
over  the  lepulchre  of  our  Lord,  on  Good  Friday,  v.hen  the  Pix,  containing  the  conlecrated  Hoft, 
or  body  of  our  Lord,  was  placed  on  it.     See  Hift.  Norf.  V.  1.  p.  517,  18. 

3  The  old  hangings  were  geneially  of  ajras  or  tapeilry,  fufpended  from  the  cornice  by  tenter- 
hooks, and  eafdy  removed. 

♦  A  chell  in  which  cloaths,  bed  furniture.  Sec.  were  packed  up.  A  //a^«^-bed  was  fuch  as  could 
be  eafdy  packed  up,  and  removed.  A  cloth  iek  horle  that  caryeth  my  lord's  irujjinge  bed,  and  all 
things  belongynge  yt,  when  he  rydes.     Sec  the  Houfehold  Book,  p.  3^9. 

5  'a  large  Ibong  cheft,  like  thofe  ufed  by  failors  on  fliip-board.  Cofers,  or  chefts,  were  not 
trifling  legacies,  being  often  curiouily  wrought,  and  of  colUy  woods,  as  cyprefs,  &c. 

''  Cufliions  covered  with  carpet  fluff;  or  do  they  mean  fuch  as  were  fometimes  laid  upon  carpets, 
on  the  floor?  for  though  fuch  carpets  were  not  commonl;  ufed,  yet  perhaps  they  might  be  iome- 
times.  The  earl  of  Monmouth  tells  us,  in  his  Memoirs,  that  upon  his  ariival  at  court,  he  found 
<]ueen  Elizabeth////?;^  /ciu  upon  her  cuJhioi:s,  p.  136.  She  had  cufliions  laid- for  her  in  the  privy 
chamber,  and  there  flic  heard  fervice.  From  that  day  fl-,e  giwv  vvorfe  and  worfc  :  flie  remained  upon 
her  cfjiiioin  four  days  and  nfghts  at  the  leaft  :  all  about  her  could  not  pel  hiade  her  to  go  to  bed.  p.  138. 
On  her  great  feal,  her  feet  reft  on  a  culhion.  In  Horda  Angel  Cynnan,  III.  pi,  15.  a  carpet  is 
i'pread  on  the  floor  before  her. 

And 


Chap  III.]  O     F       H     A     W     S     T     E     D.  127 

And  alfo  I  will  that  my  faide  wif  have  the  fecond  vefliment  '  with  the  albe  ^,  and 
ail  that  belongeth  to  it,  for  a  prccil  to  I'woe  in.  And  I  will  that  my  laide  wif  fliall 
have  the  reaionnable  wearing  and  occupying  of  all  other  my  beddes,  fparvers, 
hanginge  for  beddes,  curtaincs,  plate,  cofers,  chtftes,  (heetes,  table  cloothes,  and 
naprye,  and  hangings  for  chambers,  and  all  other  hangings  whatfoever  they  be,  or 
fl:all  happen  to  be,  at  the  tyme  of  my  deceafe,  until  luch  tyme  as  my  heire  fliall 
aocomplilh  his  full  age  of  xxj  years  ;  and  then  to  be  left  for  the  furniture  of  my 
houfe  at  Hawrted,  except  fuch  as  fhall  herafter  in  this  my  prefent  teliam.ent  be 
Gtherwife  devifed  ;  fo  as  my  dettis  be  paid  and  difcharged,  and  other  legacies  in  this 
my  prefent  teftament  fulfilled.  Alio  1  will  that  the  laid  heire  at  his  full  age  have 
my  belt  veRiment,  with  the  albe,  and  all  that  belongeth  to  it,  and  the  belt  aulter 
clothe,  and  all  the  refidew  of  the  veftimentis  and  aulter  clothes,  with  the  fluff  in 
the  chapell,  except  fuch  as  I  have  before  bequethed  to  my  laid  wif.  And  alfo  I 
geve  unto  my  laid  heire,  at  his  full  age,  all  the  evidences  3  of  myn  inheritance, 
\vhich  fliall  remayne,  defcend,  and  come  to  him,  with  the  boxes  wherin  the  fame 
evidences,  or  any  parcel  of  them,  be.  And  I  geve  and  bequech  to  my  faid  wif 
two  brals  potts,  two  fpits,  a  kettill,  and  two  pofnets  *:  and  I  bequeth  to  my  laid 
heire,  at  his  full  age,  all  the  refidew  of  my  brafs  potts,  with  the  refidew  of  my  fpitts, 
with  racks  of  yron  to  tourne  fpitts  in ;  two  ketcills,  and  a  panne,  with  a  garniflie  of 
my  belt  vefliil  ^  And  I  will  that  my  faid  wif  (hall  have  one  other  garnilhe  of 
my  bed  vcffiU  next  that ;  provided  always,  and  I  will,  that  all  fuche  ftuffe  of 
houfholde,  plate,  goods,  and  chattales,  as  I  have  afore  geven  to  my  faide  heire,  to 
be  delivered  to  him  at  his  faid  full  age.  And  I  will,  geve,  beqr.f  th,  and  affigne 
unto  my  faid  wif,  the  manners  of  Mawfted  Hall  and  Talmage,  otherwife  called 
Buckcnham's,  with  their  appurtenances,  and  all  other  my  landes,  tenements,  and 
hereditaments,  in  Hawfted,  Newton,  and  Sidolfmere,  which  late  were  my  father's 
Sir  Robert  Drurye,  knight,  or  any  other  to  his  ufe ;  to  have  and  to  hold  the  faid 
niannors,  landes,  tenements,  and  hereditaments,  to  my  faid  wif  and  her  alTignes, 
for  terme  of  tenne  yeers  next,  and  ymmediatelie  following  after  my  deceafe,   to~ 

'  The  principal  veftment ;  which  was  a  cope  made  clofe  on  both  fides,  and  open  only  at  the  top 
and  bottom  ;  fo  that,  when  the  prieft  had  occafion  to  ufe  his  handsj  he  took  up  the  garment  before.- 
It  was  often  of  very  rich  lluff. 

*  The  albe  was  not  verj'  unlike  the  furplice  ;  only  the  fleevesvvere  clofe  at  the  wrifts.     It  had  on 
it  alfo  fonie  pieces  of  linen,  emblematical  of  the  four  nails  driven  into  ChrilVs  hands  and  feet. 

1  To  judge  from  thofe  that  have  come  into  my  hands,  few  families  have  been  more  careful  than 
this  of  the  prefervation  of  the  evidences  of  their  eftates. 

*  Little  bafons  or  porringers.    Chaffing  diflies,  po/neti,  and  fuch  other  filver  veflHs.     Lord  Bacon. 
Thefe  in  queftion  were  doubtlefs  of  baier  metal. 

s  Garnifli  of  velFell,  was  a  fervice  of  pewter,  or  fome  other  metal,  probably  gilt,  or  wafliedover; 
for  vvhich   reafon,  in  the  Northumberland  Houfliold  Book,  it  is  called,  a gamjh  of  counicrfeit  njijjell,. 
A  garnifli  of  it  coll  xxxvs.;   and  two  of  them  ferved  a  year.     In  another  place,  it  is  called,  rough 
fevjicr  vej/il ;  and,  what  is  ftrange  in  the   family  of  fo  opulent  a  nobleman,  an  hundred  dozen  ot  it 
were  hired  by  the  year,  atiiijd.  a  dozen.     When  V\  arham  was  enthroned  archbifliop  of  Cantcr»- 
bury,  in  7504,  one  of  the  expences  of  the  dinner  was,   de  conduftienc  ^qq  gamijlj.  vaj.  eted.  (pewter) 
capient.   pro  le   garnifli,   xd.     Lei.  Coll.    VI.  J).   3 1  —  3.     Counterfeit  bajons    and    eivers  are   an.ong 
the  articles  forbidden  to   be  imported,   ^    Edward  IV.     When  old  Gieiuio  defigned  to  difplay  th&- 
richnefs  and  value  of  his  houlhold  furnitme,  he  did  not  dil'dain  mentioning  his  pewter  and  brafs. 

^Taming  of  a  Shrew,  Aft  li> 
wards 


128  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQJJITIES  [Chap.  IIL 

wards  the  pavment  of  my  dettis,  and  fulfilling  this  my  prefent  tedament  and  laft 
will.  And  for  more  furetie  that  my  faid  dettis  and  legacies  Ihulde  be  well  and 
trulye  paide  and  fulfilled,  with  the  yfl'ues,  rentes,  fervices,  and  profitts,  coming 
of  the  faid  manners,  lands,  tenements,  and  hereditaments,  by  the  fpace  of  tenne 
yeers,  I  caufed,  long  before  this  tyme,  aftates  to  be  executed  of  all  luche  the  faide 
mannors,  landes,  and  tencdients,  as  wer  of  my  late  father  Sir  Robert  Drurye, 
knight,  to  thufe  of  me  for  terme  of  my  life,  ahd  tenne  years  next  after  my  deceafe, 
without  empechement  of  wad,  as  by  certain  deedes  indented,  fealed,  and  figned 
by  me  more  plainlie  it  appearcth.  I  will  neverthelefs  that  my  daughter,  dame 
Mirye  Corbett,  fhall  have  in  ferme  the  fcite  of  the  mannor  of  Hawfted  Hall,  with 
all  fuch  pafture  grounde,  and  medowe  grounde,  as  Roger  Hawlled  latelie  had  and 
occupied  with  the  fame,  paying  yeerlie  to  my  faide  wif,  during  the  faid  tenne  yeers, 
iiijl.  And  I  will  and  geve  to  Dorothee  Drurye  my  daughter,  for  thadvauncement 
of  her  marriage,  two  hundred  pounds  ',  to  be  paid  at  her  age  of  xx"  yeers.  And 
wheare  by  my  dedc,  fealed  with  my  feale  of  armes,  and  figned  with  my  hande,  I 
have  geven  and  granted  to  my  fonne  Henry  Drurye,  and  to  his  heires,  one  annuitie 
or  yeerlie  rente  of  xx"  marks  yeerlie,  going  out  of  my  manor  of  VV'hepftede,  men- 
tioned in  the  lame  graunte,  1  will  that  the  fame  be  trulie  paide,  according  to  my 
faide  graunte.  And  alfo  I  geve  to  my  faide  wif  all  my  other  goods  and  cattalles, 
whatloever  they  be,  not  in  this  prefent  teftament  and  laft  will  otherwife  geven,  be- 
qaethed,  or  affigned,  to  thintent  to  perfourme  the  lame,  and  towards  the  payment 
of  my  faid  dettis.  And  I  geve  unto  Bredget  Jervis,  my  faide  wif's  gentilwoman, 
vjl.  xiijs.  iiijd.  fterling,  toward  thadvauncement  of  her  marriage.  And  I  geve 
unto  my  fonne  Henry  Drurye,  one  good  fetherbedd,  a  bolder,  a  pillowe  of  downe, 
a  coverlctt,  a  payr  of  blanketts,  and  a  payr  of  (Leetes.  Alio  I  geve,  bequeth, 
and  afilgne  unto  the  faide  Henry  Drurye  my  fonne,  and  to  theires  males  of  his 
bodie  lawfullie  begotten,  the  reverfion,  after  the  deceafe  of  Elizabeth  my  wif,  of 
the  uiannor  of  Bradfeelde,  v/Ith  the  appurtenances,  and  of  other  landes,  tenementis, 
and  hereditamentis,  which  I  latelie  purchafed  of  lord  Willoughby  of  Perham.  And 
I  will  alfo,  that  my  faide  fonne  Henrye  fhall  have  yeerlie,  during  the  lif  of  my  faide 
wif,  toward  his  exhibition  *  and  living,  tenne  marks,  parcel  of  the  yeerlie  rente  of 
nyneteen  pounds  and  odd  mony,  going  out  of  the  mannor  of  LawfhuU,  whiche 
rente  the  queencs  majelfie  did  by  her  letters  patentes,  amonge  other  things,  geve 
to  me  and  my  heires.  Item,  i  geve,  bequethe,  and  alTigne,  to  my  (aide  wit,  to  the 
pcrfourmance  of  this  my  prefent  teftament  and  lall  will,  tlie  rcfidewe  of  the  yeerlie 
rente  of  xixl.  and  certayne  odde  money,  going  out  of  the  mannor  of  Law(l)ull, 
whiche  our  foveraine  ladie  queen  Marye  lately  gave  unto  me  <ind  mvne  hcncs, 
emongeft  other  things,  to  have  and  to  hold  the  faide  refidewe  to  my  faide  wif,  for 
terme  of  xiij  yeers  next  after  my  deceafe  ;  the  remayndre  therof,  after  the  lame  xiij 
yeers,  to  the  faide  Elizabeth  my  wife,  for  terme  of  her  lif;  and  after  her  deceafe, 
and  the  fame  xiij  yeers  ended,  to  remayne  to  theires  males  of  my  bodie  lawtullie 

'  About  60  years  before,  this  tertator's  grandfather  thought  a  hundred  marcs  were  a  fufficient 
fortune  fir  a  gentlewoman.  And  in  this  will,  this  lady's  lifter  has  two  hundred  marcs  alUgned  her 
/or  her  foaune. 

*  Maintenance.     A  word  ftiU  familiar  in  the  uuiverfjti£s. 

5  begottc-T  i 


Chap.  III.J  OF        H     A     VV    S    T    E     D,  lap 

begotten ;  and  for  default  of  fuch  yffiie,  the  remayndre  thereof  to  my  right  heires 
for  ever.     Alfo  I  geve  to  my  iaide  wif  all  my  lands,  rentes,  and  revcrfions,  called 
Ingeham's,  with  the  Grange  called  Hencote,  and  the  landrs  and  tenements  there- 
unto belonging,  for   the  terme  of  xiij    yeers  next  after  my  deceafe,  toward    the 
payement  of   my   dettis,    and    the  fulfiilinj^    of  this    my  tcftament  and  laft   will. 
And  I  geve  and  bequeth  unto  every  of  my  houftiolde  fcrvants  tenne  fhillings.     And 
I  will  that  every  of  my  faide  fervants  fliall  be  well  and  trulie  paide  and  fatisficd  of 
and  for  all  fuche  fomes  of  money  as  been  due  unto  them  for  their  wages,  as  alfo 
for  their  liveraies  '  within  one  monneth  next  after  my  deceafe  ;  and  I  will  alfo,  that 
my  houfe  be  kept  at  my  coftes  and  charge  by  the  fpace  of  one  monneth  after  my 
deceafe  ;  and  that  my  falde  fervants,  and   other  of  my  hculholde,  fiiall,   at  tl.eir 
free  will  and  pleafure,  have  and  take  their  meate,  drincke,  and  lodgeing,  during 
that  monneth.     And  wheare  I  have'obtayned  and  bought  of  the  kin;;  anti  queene's 
majefties,  the  wardelTiip  and  marriage  of  F^obert  Drurye,  coufyn  and  heire  of  John 
Drurye,  late  of  Rougham  in  the  countie  of  Suffolk,  efquire,  deceafed,  to  thintent 
that  marriage  fhulde  be  had  betwixt  hym  and  Elizabeth  mv  daughter,  my  mynde, 
will,  purpole   and  intent  is,  that  the  fame  marriage  fl^ulde   take  elFccle  :  never- 
thelefs,  if  any  difagreament   (hall  happen  to  be,  erher  of  the   partie  of  the  faide 
Robert  Drurye,  or  on  the  partie  of  the  faide  Elizabeth  ;  I  will   then   that  the  faid 
Elizabeth,  my  daughter,  fhall  have  the  hole  profile  and  commoJitie,  that  fhall  or 
may  arife,  and  growe,  by   reafon  of   the  wardefhip,  and  marriage    cf  the   fame 
Robert,  or  of  any  other  his  heire,  whiche  I  ought   to  have  by   my  faid  bargayne, 
with  the  king  and  queene's  majefties,  the  fame^Robert  deccaling  within  age,  and 
unmarried  to  my  faide  daughter.     And  if  it  happen  the  faid  P.obert  Drurye  and  his 
brother  to  deceafe  before  marriage,  or  difagreament,  fo  as  fhe  be  not  advaunced  by 
this  gifte;  thenne  I  will  that  my  faid  daughter  Elizabeth  fliall   have   two   hundred 
marks  for   thadvauncement  of  her  marriage.     And  I  pray,  will,  and   define  my 
faide  wif,  according  to  fuch  motion  as  I  have  made  unto  her,  to  affure  unto  Henry 
Drurye,  Thomas  Drurye,  and  Robert  Drurye,  fonnes  r-f  my  faide  fonne  Robert 
Drurye  deceafed,  the  manor  of  Hawcombye,  with  thappurtenances,  in  the  countie 
of  Lincoln,  to  have  and  to  holde  to   them'  in  reverfion,  aftfr  her  deceafe,  and   to 
theires  males  feverallie  of  their  bodies  lawfuUie  begotten,  toward  thadvauncement 
and  preferment  of  their  livinge.     And  ailb  her  to  fee  to  the  bringing  up  of  my  (aide 
fonne  Robert's  children,  as  mv  fpeciail  and  onlye  rruft  is  in  her,  to  uhome  I  have 
committed  all  theis  things  before   remembred,  for  thofe  conhderat.ions,  and  other 
before  fpecifled.     Item,  1  geve   unto  maifter  Payne  vjl.  xiijs.  iiijd.  to  Mr.  Butler 
iijjl.  to  William  Wrenne,  XLS.    to  Anne   Gokiingham  iiij  1.  to  Alexander   Mariot 
XLS.  and   to  Water  Lorde   other  xls.     In  witncfTe  of  all  theis  premifTes,    theis 
perfones  undernamed  have  fet  to  their  hands;  and  the  faid  Sir  William  hath  fet  to 
his  feale  of  armes  %  the  dav  and  yere  firll  above  written.     William  Drury,   Henry 
Yelverton,  Henry  Payn,  William'  Wrenne,  Alexander  Marriott, 

'  Lihtraticnes,  or  liieratw,e,  ailouances  of  corn,  &c.  fo  fervants,  ^i//wrc(/  at  certain  times,  and 
in  certain  quantities.  They  arc  often  mentioned  in  eld  accounts.  As  c!eth:'s  were  among  the  aHo^^" 
ances  from  religions  hotifes  to  their  depend  ints  (iee  the  corrodies  granted  by  Croyhmd  Abbey,  Hift. 
■  of  Cro)land,  Appendix,  X"  XXXIV.)  it  ip  not  improbable  that  the  v.ord  came  m  .,t:er-age_s  to  be 
confined  to  the  imiTorra  of  the  retainers,  or  fervants  of  the  great,  who  were  hence  called  hwry-jcyuants. 

*  See  the  plate,  N°  q.  „     , 

S  Probatutn 


i^o  HISTORY     AND     ANTIQJJITIES  [Chap.  III. 

Probatum  fuit  fuprafc;iptum  teflamentum,  coram  S'no  apud  London,  29  die 
menfis  Apriiis,  1558,  Juramento  Edmundi  Brudcneil,  fratris  ec  procuratoris  dae 
Elizabeth,  reiicte  difti  dcfundti,  et  executricis,  &c. 

It  appears  by  the  above  will  that  Sir  William's  ekleft  fon 
Robert  was  dead,  and  that  his  fucceffor  was  a  minor.  This 
gentleman,  whofe  name  was  William,  had  the  honour  of  en- 
tertaining queen  Elizabeth,  at  his  houfe  here,  in  her  progrefs 
in  1578.  She  rode  in  the  morning  from  Sir  William  Cordell's 
at  Melford  ;  and  dined  with  one  of  the  Drurys  at  Lawfliall  Hall, 
about  5  miles  diliant  from  Hawfted.  This  vifit  is  thus  recorded 
in  the  regifter  of  that  parifli,  under  the  year  1578  ; 

It  is  to  be  remembred,  that  the  queen's  highnefle,  in  her  progreffe,  riding  from 
Melford  to  Bury,  5"  Aug.  Regineque  20,  annoque  d'ai  predidto,  dined  at  Lavvlhall 
Hall,  to  the  great  rejoicing  of  the  faid  parifli,  and  the  country  thereabouts. 

In  the  evening  flie  came  to  Hawfted ;  her  apartment  there, 
ever  afterwards,  as  ufual,  retaining  her  name.  Tradition  re- 
ports that  {he  dropped  a  filver-handled  fan  into  the  moat.  It  was 
at  this  time,  perhaps,  that  the  royal  gueft  beftowed  the  honour 
of  knighthood  upon  the  mafter  of  the  manfion. 

It  w"as  this  Sir  }FilHam  Drury^  I  apprehend,  who  rebviilt,  or 
greatly  repaired,  Hawlied  Houfe,  afterwards  called  Hawfted 
Place  ',  or  I'be  Place.  My  reafons  for  thinking  fo  will  appear 
from  fome  circumftances  in  the  defcription  which  I  am  going  to 
give  of  it;  and  in  which  I  fliall  be  the  more  particular,  as  it  will 
afford  me  an  opportunity  of  illuftrating  in  fome  meafure  the 
tafte  and  mode  of  living  at  that  period. 

Its  fituation,  as  of  many  old  feats  in  this  neighbourhood,  is 
on  an  eminence  %  gently  floping  towards  the  fouth.    The  whole 

formed 

'  Tlace  means  a  feat,  a  manfion,  a  refidence.  See  Mr.  Steevens's  note  on 
«•  As  you  Hkeit,"  A.  II.  S.  3. 

*  The  proper  fituation  of  houfes  began  to  be  attended  to  in  this  reign.  Lord 
Bacon,  who  pubiilhed  his  Eflays  before  the  end  of  it^  fays,  in  his  45th,  "  he  that 

«<  builds 


Chap.  III.]  OF        HAWSTED.  131 

formed  a  quadrangle,  202  by  211  feet  within ;  an  area  for- 
merly called  the  Bafe  Court,  afterwards  the  Court  Tard.  Three 
of  the  fides  confilted  of  barns,  ftables,  a  mill-houfe,  flaughter- 
houfe,  blackfmith's-fliop,  and  various  other  offices,  which  Tlar- 
rifon,  in  his  Defcription  of  Britain,  tells  us,  began  in  this  reign 
to  be  thrown  to  a  greater  diftance  from  the  principal  houfe  than 
they  were  in  the  time  of  Henry  Vlli.  The  entrance  was  by  a 
gate-boufe  in  the  centre  of  the  fouth-fide,  over  which  were 
chambers  for  carters,  &:c.  This  w^as  afterwards  laid  open,  and 
fenced  with  iron  palifades.  The  jnanfi07i-houJe^  which  was  alfo 
a  quadrangle,  formed  the  fourth  fide,  ftanding  higher  than  the 
other  buildings,  and  detached  from  them  by  a  wide  moat,  faced 
on  all  its  banks  with  bricks,  and  furrounded  by  a  handfome 
terrace,  a  confiderable  part  of  which  commanded  a  fine  view  of 
the  furrounding  country,  and  befpoke  a  talte  fuperior  to  the 
artificial  mount,  which  in  many  old  gardens  was  to  be  clambered 
up  for  the  fake  of  profpecl.  The  approach  to  the  houfe  w-as 
by  a  flight  of  fteps,  and  a  ftrong  brick  bridge  of  three  arches, 
through  a  fmall  jealous  wicket,  formed  in  the  great  well-timbered 
gate,  that  rarely  grated  on  its  hinges. 

Immediately  upon  your  peeping  through  the  wicket,  the  firft 
objedl  that  unavoidably  ftruck  you,  was  a  ^oviQ  figure  of  Hercules  % 

"  builds  a  fair  houfe  upon  an  ill  feat,  committeth  himfclf  to  prifon.  Neither  do 
"  I  reckon  it  an  ill  feat  only  where  the  air  is  unwholefome,  but  likewife  where 
*'  the  air  is  unequal ;  as  you  (hall  fee  many  fine  feats  fet  upon  a  knap  of  ground 
"  environed  with  higher  hills  round  about  it,  whereby  the  heat  of  the  fun  is  pent 
*'  in,  and  the  wind  gathereth  as  in  troughs."  &c. 

'  Perhaps  he  might  be  defigned  to  reprefent  a  wild  man,  or  favage,  having  no 
attribute  of  Hercules  but  his  club,  and  all  his  limbs  being  covered  with  thiclc 
hair.  He  refembles  much  the  fupportcrs  of  the  arms  of  the  late  lord  Beikley  of 
Stratton,  and  of  the  prefent  Sir  Jolm  Wodehoufe.  Hombre  Sahagio,  jull  come  out 
of  the  woods,  with  an  oaken  plant  in  his  hand,  and  forgrown  with  inofs  and  ivy,  was 
one  of  the  perfonages  that  addreffed  queen  Elizabeth  at  her  famous  entertainment 
at  Kenehvorth  Caftle. 

S  2  as 


132  HISTORY    AND    ANTI  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S        [Chap.  III. 

as  it  was  called,  holding  in  one  hand  a  club  acrofs  his  llioulders, 
the  other  refting  on  one  hip,  difcharging  a  perennial  ftream  of 
water,  by  the  urinary  paffage,  into  a  carved  ftone  bafon.  On 
the  pedeflal  of  the  Itatue  is  preferved  the  date,  157B,  which 
was  the  year  the  queen  graced  this  houfe  with  her  prefence  ;  fo 
that  doubtlefs  this  was  one  of  the  embellifliments  bellowed 
upon  the  place  againit  the  royal  viiit.  Modern  times  would 
fcarcely  devife  fuch  a  piece  of  fculpture  as  an  amufing  fpedtacle 
for  a  virgin  princefs.  A  fountain  was  generally  (yet  furely  inju- 
dicioully  in  this  climate)  efteemed  a  proper  ornament  for  the 
inner  court  of  a  great  houfe  \  This,  which  itill  continues  to 
flow,  was  fupplied  with  water  by  leaden  pipes,  at  no  fmall  ex- 
pence,   from  a  pond  near  half  a  mile  off. 

This  hmer  courts  as  it  was  called,  in  which  this  ftatue  Hood, 
and  about  which  the  houfe  was  built,  was  an  area  of  58  feet 
fquare.  The  walls  of  the  houfe  within  it  were  covered  with 
the  pyracantha  (Mejpilus  Pyracantha)  of  venerable  growth, 
which,  with  its  evergreen  leaves,  enlivened  with  clutters  of  fcarlet 
berries,  produced  in  winter  a  very  agreeable  effedl  ^ 

Having  crept  through  the  v/icket  before  mentioned,  a  door 
in  the  gateway  on  the  right  condu6led  you  into  a  fmall  apart- 
ment, called,  the  J?noaking  room ;  a  name  it  acquired  probably 
foon  after  it  was  built ;  and  which  it  retained,  with  good  reafon, 
as  long  as  it  Hood.  There  is  fcarcely  any  old  houfe  without  a 
room  of  this  denomination  ^  In  thefe,  our  anceftors,  from 
about  the  middle  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  till  within  almoft 
every  one's  memory,  fpent  no  inconfiderable  part  of  their  vacant 

'  In  the  inward  court,  fays  lord  Bacon,  in  his  model  of  a  palace,  let  there  be  a 
fountain,  or  fome  fair  worli  of  ftatues,  in  the  midd.  In  the  court  at  Redgrave 
Hall,  in  this  county,  ufed  to  be  a  huge  figure  of  Cerberus. 

*  This  plant  feems  again  coming  into  fafhion  for  covering  the  walls  of  hoiifes, 
particularly  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London. 

^  If  modern  houfes  have  not  a  room  of  this  fort,  they  have  one  (perhaps  feveral) 
unknown  to  the  ancient  ones,  which  is,  z  powdering  room  for  the  hair. 

hoursa 


Chap,  in.]  OF         H     A     W     S     T     E     D,  133 

hours,  redding  more  at  home  than  we  do,  and  having  fewer 
rcfoLirces  of  elegant  amufemcnt.  y\t  one  period  at  lead:,  this  room 
was  tiiought  to  be  the  fcene  of  wit;  for  in  1688,  Mr.  Hervey, 
afterwards  earl  of  Bridol,  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Thomas  Cullum, 
deiircs  "  to  be  remembered  by  the  witty  fmoakers  at  Haufled." 
Adjoining  to  this  was  a  large  wood  clofet,  and  a  paffage  that  led 
to  the  dinin^^  room,  of  moderate  dimenlions,  with  a  large  buffet. 
Thefe  occupied  half  the  fouth  front.  At  the  end  of  the  dining- 
room  was  originally  a  clovfier,  or  arcade,  about  45  feet  long, 
fronting  the  eaft,  and  looking  into  a  flower-  garden  within  the 
walls  of  the  moat.  The  arches  were  afterwards  clofed  up  and 
glazed  ;  and  a  parlour  made  at  one  end.  There  are  few  old 
mmfions  without  one  or  more  of  thefe  flieltered  walking-places ; 
and  they  certainly  had  their  ufe  :  but  this  age  of  lift,  fand- 
bags,  and  carpets,  that  dreads  every  breath  of  air,  as  if  it  were 
a  peftilence,  fliudders  at  the  idea  of  fuch  a  body  of  the  element 
being  admitted  into  any  part  of  a  dwelling.  This  cloyfter  was 
terminated  by  the  fpacious  and  lofty  kitchen,  ftill  {landing,  and 
well  fupplied  with  long  oaken  tables. 

On  the  left  hand  of  the  entrance,  and  oppofite  the  fmoaking 
room,  was  the  chapel,  a  room  of  ftate,  much  affected  by  the  old 
manerial  lords,  who  feem  to  have  difdained  attending  the  pa- 
rochial church.  The  papal  licence  for  it  has  been  already  given. 
The  laft  facred  office  performed  in  it  was  the  chriilening  of  the 
author  of  this  compilation.  Through  this  was  a  door  into  the 
drawing-room,  or  largeft  parlour,  which  with  the  chapel  occu- 
pied theother  half  of  the  fouth  front.  Adjoining  to  the  parlour  was 
a  large  gloomy  hall,  at  one  end  of  which  was  a  fcreen  of  brown 
wainfcot,^in  which  was  a  door  that  led  to  the  buttery.  Sec.  Thefe 
formed  the  weft  fide  of  the  fquare.  Beneath  thefe  apartments, 
and  thofe  on  the  fouth  fide,  were  the  cellars,  well  vaulted  with 
brick.     The  north  fide  was  occupied  by  the  kitchen,  and  various 

offices  I 


134  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES  [Chap.  IIL 

offices ;  and  at  the  back  of  it  wtis  a  drawbridge,  Thefe  were 
the  apart-nents  on  the  ground-floor,  which  was  raifed  12  feet 
above  the  furface  of  the  moat.  Over  the  gateway,  chapel,  and 
largeft  parlour,  were  the  royal  apartments,  which  were  ap- 
proached by  a  ftair-cafe  out  of  the  hall.  On  this  ftair-cafe, 
againft  the  w^all,  flood  fome  painted  boards,  reprefenting  various 
domeftic  fervants  :  I  have  one  of  them,  a  very  pretty  well- 
painted  female,  faid  to  be  for  a  houfe-keeper.  I  know  not 
w^hether  this  fancy  be  as  old  as  the  houfe ;  the  portrait  1  have, 
is  certainly,  from  the  drefs,  not  more  than  a  century  old.  Several 
bed-chambers  of  common  proportions  occupied  the  chief  part 
of  the  rell:  of  the  firil  ilory.  Among  the  rooms  on  that  floor, 
was  one  called  xhejlill-room  ;  an  apartment  where  the  ladies  of 
old  much  amufed  themfelvss  in  diftilling  w^aters  and  cordials,  as 
well  for  the  ufe  of  themfelves  and  of  their  poor  neighbours,  as 
for  feveral  purpofes  of  cookery  '.  In  this  room  fl:ood  a  death's- 
head  ;  no  improper  emblem  of  the  effeds  of  the  ojoerations  car- 
ried on  within  it. 

Contiguous  to  one  of  the  bedchambers  was  a  wainfcoted  clofet, 
»bout  7  feet  fquare;  the  pannels  painted  with  various  fentences, 
emblems,  and  mottos.  It  was  called  the  painted  clofet ;  at  firft 
probably  defigned  for  an  oratory,  and,  from  one  of  the  fen- 
tences, for  the  ufe  of  a  lady.  The  drefles  of  the  figures  are 
of  the  age  of  James  I.  This  clofet  was  therefore  fitted  up  for 
the  laft  lady  Drury,  and  perhaps  under  her  diredion.  The 
paintings  are  well  executed  ;  and  now  ^ut  up  in  a  fmall  apart- 
ment at  Hardwick  lioufe, 

'  It  may  not  be  unentertaining  to  fee  a  lift  of  fome  of  the  plants  which  were 
formerly  ditlilled,  taken  from  the  Northumberland  Houfehold  Book. 

Rofes,  buradge,  femingtory  (fumitory;,  brakes,  columbyns,  okyn  leefe,  hart's 
tongue,  draggons,  parcclly,  balme,  walnot-iecfes,  longdobcef  (langue  du  bceuf, 
ox-congue),  prymerofcs,  faigc,  forrel,  red  mync,  betany,  cowll^-pj;  dandely'in,  tennel, 
fcabias,  elder-flours,  marygolds,  wilde  tanicy,  wormewoodc,  woodbind,  endyff", 
hawfle. 


Chap.  III.]  O    F        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  135 

As  fome  of  thefe  emblems  are  perhaps  new,  and  mark  the 
tafte  of  an  age  that  deUghted  in  quaint  wit,  and  laboured  conceits 
of  a  thouland  kinds ;  I  fliall  fct  them  down,  confclhng  myfelf 
unable  to  unravel  fome  of  them. 

The  following  fentences,  which  are  intelligible  enough,  arc- 
in  cartouche  fcroUs,  in  narrow  panels,   at  top  ; 

Sluodfis  effe  velis,  niblique  malis. 

Summam  nee  metuas  diem,  nee  optes. 

^ucs  cupio,  hand  capio. 

Parva,fed  apt  a  mihi :  nee  tamen  hie  requies, 

Nunquam  minus  j'ola,  quam  cum  fola. 

Amplior  in  cxlo  domus  ejl. 

Frujlra  niji  Dominus. 

Emblems  with  mottos. 

1.  A  monkey  fitting  in  a  hoiife  window,  and  fcattering  money  into  the  ftreet '. 

Ut  parta  labuntur. 

2.  A  camel  trampling  in  dirty  water  S 

Fura  juvent  alios, 

3.  A  fire  on  the  banks  of  a  river. 

Dum  fervi  neeeffaria  ^. 

4.  A  painter,  having  begun  to  Iketch  out  a  female  portrait. 

Die  mihi,  quails  eris  ■*  ? 

5.  A  human  tongue,  with  bats  wings,  and  a  fcaly  contorted  tail,  mounting  into 
the  air  \ 

^0  tendis? 

'  This  is  among  the  emblems  of  Gabriel  Simeon,  a  Florentine,  (publifhed  in  Englidi,  together 
with  the  "  ILmUal  Dei'i/es'"  of  Claudius  Paradin,  in  i  591),  and  deligned  to  make  us  "  laugh  at  thofe 
"  nfurers,  and  the  like,  who  heap  up  great  fums  of  money,  and  leave  it  either  to  their  brother  or 
"  nephew,  or  elle  to  dicers,  whoremaficrs,  gluttons,  and  the  like,  fcarcely  ever  remembering  this 
"  excellent  and  golden  fentence,  male  parla  male  dllabunlur" 

*  The  camel  is  reported  to  love  dirty  water,  and,  it  is  faid,  will  not  drink  at  a  river,  til!  he  has 
troubled  it  with  his  feet.  This  is  among  the  fymbols  and  emblems  publiflied  by  Camerarius  in  1590, 
with  this  diflich  ; 

Turbat  aquam  fitiens  cum  vult  haurire  camelus ; 
Sic  pacem,  ex  bellis  qui  lucra  fsda  litit. 
3  Alluding  to  the  old  adage,  I'iie  and  ixaier  are  good  fervcinls,  hit  lad  majiirs 

*  A  hint  to  female  vanity. 

s  This  is  among  the  HertUal  Divjfei  of  Paradin  j  and  means  to  flicw  the  foul  extravagances  of 
this  unruly  member, 

6.  A 


136  HISTORY     AND     ANTIQ^UITIES        [Chap.  III. 

6.  A  tree  with  fickly  leaves,  and  a  honey-comb  at  its  roots.     Near  it  another, 
quite  leaflefs. 

'     Nocet  empta  dolore  voluptas. 

7.  An  eagle  in  the  air,  with  an  elephant  in  its  talons. 

Non  vacat  exiguis. 

8.  Some  trees  leaflefs,  and  torn  up  by  the  roots ;  with  a  confufed  landfcape. 
Above,  the  fun  and  a  rainbow  '. 

Jam  fatis, 

9.  An  old  man  afleep,  with  affes  ears,  and  ants  that  feem  carrying  fomething 
into  his  mouth. 

Etiam  afino  dormienti. 

10.  One  man  (landing  on  the  uppermoft  point  of  the  earth;  and  another  anti- 
podal to  him. 

Et  hie  vivitur  ^. 

1 1.  A  man  endeavouring  to  light  a  candle  at  a  glow-worm. 

Nil  tamen  impertit. 

12.  A  globe  refling  on  a  crab- 

Sic  orlis  iter. 

13.  A  greyhound  difengaged  from  his  collar,  and  licking  his  mailer's  hand. 

Non  fugitiva  fides. 

14.  The  fun  quite  black,  and  golden  ftars. 

Nee  euro  videri. 

15.  A  blackamore  fmoaking  a  pipe  '. 

Intus  idem.  ..  ■ 

16.  A  bird  of  prey,  in  the  air,  devouring  a  fmall  bird  ''. 

Fruor  nee  quiefco.  .. 

ly.  A.  man  ro\Ving  in  a  boat,  with  a  town  clofe  in  fight. 

Et  tamen  averfor. 

18.  A  bee- hive,  with  bees  about  it. 

Cum  melle  aetiJeiis. 

19.  A  fire  burfting  from  the  top  of  a  chimney. 

Alte,  fed  extra  locum. 

•  The  moft  faire  and  bountiful  queen  of  France,  Katherine,  -iifed  the  fign  of  the  rainbow  for  her 
armes,  which  is  an  infalhble  fign  of  peaceable  calraenes,  and  tranquillitie.     Paradin. 

»  This,  1  luppole,  alludes  to  Sir  Francis  Drake's  Voyage  roiind  the  World  in  1580;  an  atchicve- 
ment,  which  miift  for  many  years  have  continued  the  iubjeft  of  dilcourlc  and  admiration.  In 
modern  times,  fuch  an  expedition  is  looked  upon  as  fcarcely  more  than  a  common  navigation. 

3  Tlie  blackamore  and  the  pipe  vvexe,  in  the  reign  of  James,  thought  luitable  companions  for  one 
another,      i  he  king's  dillike  of  tobacco  is  well  known. 

*  The  meaning  of  this  emblem  is  perhaps  the  fame  with  one  in  Camernrins,  which  reprefcnts  a 
bird  of  prey  in  the  air,  with  a  fmall  bird  in  his  talons,  and  in  puifuit  of  fonic  others,  with  this 
motto  and  dillich  : 

Parta  tenens,  non  parta  fequar. 
Multa  licet  fido  faj)ieii3  in  petioie  condat, 
I'] lira  a\ido  tamen  ulquc  appctit  ingenio. 

SO.   A 


Chap.  III.]  O    F      H    A    W    S     T    E    D.  '         137 

20.  A  pilgrim  traverfing  the  earth ;  with  a  ftaff,  and  a  light-coloured  hat,  with 
a  cocklefhell  on  it  '. 

Dum  tranfis,  time. 

21.  A  man's  hand  holding  fomething  like  a  rope  lighted,  and  from  which  fmoke 
and  fire  ifllie. 

Arfit,  cripuity  evanuit. 

22.  An  afs  flandingon  his  hind  legs,  his  head  appearing  through  the  upper  part 
of  a  white  area.  Beneath  his  head  a  horfe  is  feeding.  Near  them  is  a  woodcock, 
with  one  foot  on  a  lanthorn. 

Et  occiilte,  et  apertc, 

23.  A  bear  in  his  den. 

Obfcure,  fecure. 
2^.  A  man  taking  the  dlmenfions  of  his  own  forehead  vviih  a  pair  of  compafTes  % 

Front i  nulla  fides. 
25.  A  man  in  a  fool's  drefs,  blowing  with  a  pair  of  bellows  a  pot  fufpended  in 
the  air,  with  fome  fire  in  it  ^ 

Sat  injujfa  calet. 

z6.  A  death's  head,  with  fome  plant  of  a  dark  hueifluing  from  one  eye,  and  lying 
on  the  ground  j  while  a  fimilar  plant,  of  a  verdant  colour,  fprings  erett  from  the 
other. 

Ui  moreris  vives. 

27.  A  bat  flying  after  a  large  black  infedt. 

Trahit  fua  quemque, 

28.  A  rofe  and  a  poppy. 

0  puzzi,  0  ponga. 

29.  A  mermaid,  holding  a  mirror  in  one  hand,  and  combing  her  hair  with  the 
other. 

Spemfronte. 

30.  A  bucket  defcending  into  a  well. 

Defcendendo  adimpkor, 

I  With  his  cockle  bat  TinAflaff.     Shakfpeare.     Or,  as  he  is  defcribed  in  Greens  Never  too  late,  1616. 
With  Hat  cfjiraw,  like  to  a  fvvain, 
Shelter  for  the  fun  and  rain, 
With  fcaUop-Jljeil  before. 

The  cockle-flitll  hat  was  one  of  the  effential  badges  of  the  pilgrims  vocation  :  for  the  chief 
places  of  devotion  being  beyoncl  fea,  or  on  the  coalls,  they  were  accullomed  to  put  cockle  (liclls  upori 
their  hats,  to  denote  the  intention  or  performance  of  their  devotion.  Warburton.  See  Hamlet, 
A.  IV.  S.  IV. 

*  This,  I  fuppofe,  is  defigncd  as  a  contradiilion  to  a  fancy  of  Ariftotle's,  that  the  fliape,  and 
feveral  other  cir^umftances,  relative  to  a  man's  forehead,  are  expreflive  of  his  temper  and  inclination. 
Upon  this  luppofition,  bimeon,  before-mentioned,  has  invented  an  emblem,  repreftnting  a  human 
head,  and  a  hand  ifluing  out  of  a  cloud,  and  pointing  to  it,  with  this  motto,  F'om  hominem  p'^firt. 

3  This  may  perhaps  exprefs  the  folly  of  thofe  who  are  fond  of  fomenting  difputes  and  animotlties: 
as  that  moie  elegant  one  of  Simeon's,  which  repreftnts  a  warrior  flirring  a  fire  with  his  fvvord,  and 
lofing  one  of  his  eves  by  a  fpark  that  flies  out  of  it,  with  this  motto,  Ignii  gla.ilo  non  foJiaidus. 

T  31.  An 


138         HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ.UITIES    [Chap.  III. 

31.  An  eagle,  going  to  take  fomething  from  a  fire.     Her  neft  of  young  ones  near. 

Pie  fed  tcmere. 

32.  A  naked  blackamore  pointing  to  a  fwan  with  one  hand,  and  to  his  own  teeth, 
with  the  other. 

Jam  fumus  ergo  pares. 

33.  A  bird  '  thrufting  its  head  into  an  oyiler,  partly  open. 

Speravi  ei  peril. 

34.  A  bird  ■  feeding  in  a  crocodile's  mouth. 

Pafcor,  at  laud  tiito. 

35.  A  boar  trampling  on  rofes  '. 

Odi  profanum  vidgus. 

36.  A  fliip  that  has  anchored  on  a  whale  *,  which  is  in  motion.    The  crew  alarmed. 

JSufq^uam  tuta  fides. 

37.  Two  rams  fighting,  detached  from  the  flock» 

l>!ec  habet  viSloria  laitdem. 

38.  A  hedge-hog  rolled  up,  with  apples  on  his  prickles  '. 

Mihi  plaudo  ipfe  donii. 

39.  A  philofopher  looking  at  a  ftar  with  a  quadrant. 

Defipiii  fapiendo. 

'  It   is   called   the   Oyflrr-catchr  {Ha-matcpus   cfiralegus  Lin.)   and  is  faid   to  do   its   bufinefs   very 
dextroufly.    The  motto  feems  to  i'uppofe  otherwil'e. 

*   TtlcIHu!,  -a  kind  of  wren  ;  which  is  reported  to  live  on  the  fragments  of  meat  which  it  picks  out 
of  the  crocodile's  mouth  ;   an  operation  with  whicii  the  latter  is  lo  delijjhted    that  he   entertains  the 
};reatell  afteftion  for  this  bird,  and  takes   the  iitmoft  care  not  to  hurt  it.     Camerarins,  before-men- 
tioned, reprelenis  the  crocodile  as  an  emblem  of  gratitude,   on  this  account,  with  this  motto,   Gratis 
fer'vire  juaindum.     How  the  prcl'cnt  motto  is  applicable  to  the  fubjeft,  I  cannot  iay. 

^  That  is,  an  impure  and  voluptuous  perfon   trampling  upon,  and  dcipiling  elegant  and  virtuous 
pieaiuics.     Oamerarius  has  this,  with  the  following  diltich  ; 

Quid  fubus  atque  rofis  ?  nunquam  mens  ebria  hixu 
\'ii  tutis  ftudiis  eilc  dicata  poteit, 
"  ^lilton  has  piclented  us  \\  ith  this  image  ; 

-  . that  fea  beall, 

Leviathan,  which  God  of  all  his  works 
Created  hugeft  that  fwim  the  ocean  llrcam  : 
Him,  hapl>'  flumb'ring  on  the  Noru-ay  foam, 
The  pilot  of  ioii-.e  fmall  night  foundcr'd  (kift",    ' 
Deeming  fome  ifland,   eft,  as  fcamen  tell, 
With  fixed  anchor  in  his  Italy  rind. 

Moors  by  his  fide,  under  the  lee.  Par.  Loft,  B.  IT..  200. 

The  above  pallage,  Mr.  W'arton  thinks,  the  poet  drew  from  one  in  his  favourite  Aiioiio,  where 
AOolpho,  Dudon,  and  Renaldo,  are  faid  to  have  feen  fo  large  a  whale,  that  they  took  it  for.-n  iiland. 

Notes  on  Spenler,  vol.  ]].  p.  261. 
s  The  emblem  of  a  frugal  careful  perfon.  Pliny  tells  us,  Prstparare  Hiemc  eiinaccos  libi  Cibos  ; 
et  vohitatos  iupra  jaccntia  ponia,  aliixa  fpinis,  uiumi  iion  amplius  tcnentes  ore,  ponare  ea  in  cavas 
Mhorts.  Plutarch  fays,  that  the  hedgehog,  in  autumn,  tolls  iifelf  among  the  grapes,  which  it  has 
Cl.n^^^ed  to  ptill  from  thevines,  and  which  it  conveys,  upon  its  fpines,  to  its  young  ones.  To  this 
Lfcr  account  C'amerarius  alludes  in  this  diflich  ; 

I'.ricium  hie  (]iii  ecu  gr;:dicntem  confpicis  uvam 
h'n.'ti  '^s,  ct  opes  tu  tpictpic  hniiue  tuis. 

40.  A 


Chap.  III.]  OF       H    A    W    S    T    E     D.  139 

40.  A  garland  of  leaves  lying  on  the  ground,  and  in  flames. 

^.'d  ergo  fefellit  ? 

41.  A  full  bucket  drawn  up  to  the  top  of  a  well. 

Hand  facile  emergit. 

The  bottom  panels  are  adorned  with  flowers,  in  a  good  tafte. 

"Tbe  zvindows,  in  general,  were  fpacious  ',  but  high  above  the 
floors.  In  iViU  earlier  times,  they  were  very  narrow,  as  well  as 
high,  that  they  might  be  more  difficult  marks  for  the  arrows  of 
an  enemy ;  and  that,  if  the  arrows  did  enter,  they  might  pafs 
over  the  heads  of  thofe  that  were  litting.  After  this  precaution 
was  needlefs,  the  windows,  though  enlarged,  continued  to  be 
made  high,  even  till  modern  days.  The  beauty  of  landfcape, 
fo  much  ftudied  now,  was  then  but  little  or  not  at  all  regarded ; 
and  high  windows,  when  opened,  ventilated  the  apartments 
better  than  low  ones  %  and  when  fhut,  the  air  they  admitted  was 
lefs  felt. 

On  two  porches,  between  which  ftands  the  figure  of  Hercules, 
are  ftill  extant  in  Hone  the  arms  of  Drury,  confifting  of  1 6 
quarterings,  and  thofe  of  Stafford  of  Grafton,  O.  chev.  G.  with 
a  canton  Ermine,  and  5  other  quarterings.  This  circumftance, 
corroborated  with  the  general  flyle  of  the  building,  and  the 
date  on  the  pedeltal  of  the  flatue,  induced  me  to  believe,  that  this 
houfe  was  rebuilt,  or  thoroughly  repaired,  by  that  Sir  William 
Drury,  who  married  a  lady  of  the  name  of  Stafford,  who  fuc- 
ceeded  to  the  eftate  upon  the  death  of  his  grandfather  in  1557. 

Windows,  large  even  to  excefs,  were  become  fo  fafhionable  in  this  reign,  that 
lord  Bacon,  in  his  45th  Effay,  complains,  "  you  fliall  have  fometimes  fair  houfes  fo 
"  full  of  glafs,  that  one  cannot  tell  where  to  become,  to  be  out  of  the  fun,  or 
"  cold." 

This,  I  am  aware,  is  a  dodlrlne  that  has  of  late  been  combated  by  fome 
French  philofophers,  who  inform  us,  that,  from  experiments  made  in  hcfpitals,  they 
find  that  the  unwholefome  vapours,  IfTuing  from  the  invalids,  do  not  mount  10 
the  top  of  the  apartments,  but  are  fufpended,  not  much  above  the  evaporating 
bodies. 

T  2  The 


,40  HISTORY    AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  HI. 

The  walls  of  the  houfe  were  chiefly  built  of  timber  and 
plaftcr.  "The  plajler  in  the  front  was  thickly  ftack  with  fragments 
of  glafs,  which  made  a  brilUant  appearance  when  the  fun  ihone,. 
and  even  by  moon-light.  Much  of  it  liill  remains,  and  appears 
to  be  but  little  injured  by  two  centuries;  perhaps,  will  furvive 
the  boafted  ilucco  of  modern  artiils.  I  wifli  I  could  give  the 
receipt  for  this  excellent  compofition  :  I  can  only  fay,  it  contains 
plenty  of  hair,  and  was  made  of  coarfe  fand,  abounding  with 
ftoncs  almoll  as  big  as  horfe-beans.  And  in  Ibrae  of  the  oM 
walls  round  the  houfe,  where  the  bricks  have  crumblied  away,, 
the  layers  of  mortar  continue  found,  and  fupport  themfelves  by 
their  own  compa6lnefs.  The  art  was  not  loft  even  in  the  lall 
century  ;  for  fome  plalter  on  an  outhoufe,  which  bears  the  date 
yf  i66r,   ftill  remains  perfedlly  firm. 

This  houfe  was  no  bad  fpecimcn  of  the  flcill'  of  former 
artirts,  in  erecting  what  fliould  laif.  Part  has  been  taken  down^. 
not  from  decay,  but  becaufe  it  was  become  ufelefs.  What  is  left 
promifes  to  ftand  many  years.  The  mode  of  its  conftru(51:ion  con- 
tributed to  its  durability  ;  for  the  tiles  proje6ted  confiderably  over 
the  firft  ftory,  and  that  over  the  ground  floor:  fo  that  the  walls 
and  fills  were  fcarcely  ever  wetted. 

In  the  year  1685,   this  houfe  paid  taxes  for  34  fire-hearths. 

The  banks  of  the  moat  were  planted  with  yews  and  variegated 
liollies  ;  and,  at  a  little  diftance,  furrounded  by  a  terrace  that 
commanded  a  fine  woodland  profped:.  Here  were  orchanh  and- 
gardens  in  abundance ;  and  a  bowling-yard^  as  it  was  called,, 
which  always  ufed  to  be  efteemed  a  necelfary  ajipendage  of  a 
gTcntleman'S  feat  '. 

'  Sir  Thomas  Hanmcr,  the  fpeakcr,  who  died  in  17^6,  had  a  very  fine  one, 
contiguous  to  his  houfe  at  Aiilcenhidl ;  and  was  perhaps  one  of  the  lall  gcntleaitn 
ui  ary  J'alliion  ia  the  county,,  that  an^ufcd  themlelvcs  with  that  divtilion. 

This. 


Chap  III.]  O     F       II     A    W    S    T    E    D.  141 

This  place  was  m'cU  furnifhed  with  fi/b-ponds.  There  is  near 
it  a  feries  of  five  large  ones,  on  the  gentle  declivity  of  a  hill, 
running  into  one  another ;  the  upper  one  being  fed  with  a  per- 
ennial fpring.  There  is  another  fimilar  feries  of  fmall  ones, 
that  ferved  as  flews.  Thefe  muft  have  been  made  at  a  very 
heavy  expence ;  but  they  were  neceflary,  when  fifli  '  made  fo 
confiderable  a  part  of  our  diet,  as  it  did  before  the  Reformation  ; 
and  when  bad  roads  made  fea  fidi  not  fo  eafily  procured  as  at 
prefent. 

There  was  alfo  a  rabbet-warren  in  the  park,  a  fjiot  that  would 
have  borne  good  wheat.  But  it  was,  like  :\:  pigeon-boufe,  a  con- 
Ifant  appendant  to  a  manerial  dwelling.  8  Jac.  I.  a  liable  near 
the  coney-warren  was  let  with  the  dairy  farm :  and  even  in  the 
next  reign  we  hear  of  the  warrenofs  lodge. 

One  principal  reafon  of  the  number  of  warrens  formerly, 
was  the  great  ufe  our  anceftors  made  of  furr  in  their  cloathing. 
**  I  judge  warrens  of  conies,"  fays  Harrifon,  "  to  be  almoft  in- 
"  numerable,  and  daily  like  to  increafe,  by  reafon  that  the  black 
"  Ikins  of  thofe  beafts  are  thought  to  countervayle  the  prifes  of 
"  their  naked  carkafes."  The  latter  were  worth  2  yd.  a  piece,, 
and  the  former  6  d.  '^    17  Henry  VIII. 

I  fliall  clofe  the  account  of  this  ancient  feat  by  a  fummary 
dcfcription  of  it,  in  a  furvey  of  the  manor  taken  in  the  year 
1 5  8  I .. 

'  Sir  WiHiam  Dugclale  has  prefcrved  a  curious  inllance  of  the  great  price,  af 
leaft  in  the  inierior  parts  of  the  kingdom,  of  what  is  now  efleemed  a  very  ordinary 
fifli.  7  Henry  V.  a  brcme  was  rated  at  xxd.  and  32  Henry  Vi.  a  pye  of  four  of 
them,  in  the  expences  of  two  men  employed  for  three  days  in  taking  rhem,  in  baking 
them  in  flour,  in  fpices,  and  conveying  it  from  Sutton  in  Warwickfliire,  to  the  earl 
f)f  Warwick,  at  Mydlam  in  the  north  country,  coft  xvj  s.  ijd.  Hift.  Warwick,, 
p.  668. 

'■  See  "  Forme  of  Cury,"  pp..  16^1,  8.. 

>  V>'illielmu& 


142  II  r  S  T  O  R  T     AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  IT  I  E  S  [Chap.  III. 

Willielmus  Drury  miles,  dominus  hujus  manerii,  habet  in  manibus  fuis  fcitum 
^n.inerii  de  Buckenhams,  in  quo  inhabitar,  quam  opcime  conftruftuni,  cum  uno 
curcilagio,  gardino,  uno  le  mote  circumjacente,  uno  le  traves  '  ante  portatn  mef- 
fuagii  prcditli,  et  unam  magnam  curiam  undique  bene  edificatam,  cum  ftabulis, 
orreis,  pillrino,  le  dayery  hovvi'e,  ec  aliis  edificiis  neceffariis  ec  aptis  pro  manu:en- 
cione  capitaiis  meflliagii  predidi,  et  uno  orco  five  pomario,  ex  parte  oriental!  mef- 
Tuagii  ec  magns  curie  predide. 

Sir  William  Drury  was  eledted  one  of  the  knights  of  the 
fliire  in  1585;  and  in  1589  killed  in  a  duel  in  F" ranee.  His 
^arpfe  was  brought  into  England,  and  interred  in  the  chancel 
here,   where  a  fine  marble  butt  of  him  in  armour  ftill  remains. 

The  ^commiffion  for  the  inquifition  after  his  death  is  dated 
18  Feb.  22  Elizabeth,  and  diretfhed  to  William  Waldgrave,  John 
Higham,  Nicholas  Bacon,  and  WiUiam  Spring,  knights  ;  to 
enqviire  into  the  annual  value  of  Sir  William's  lands,  at  the  time 
of  his  death,  particularly  of  the  manors  of  Bokenham,  Tal- 
mage,  and  Hawfted  ;  and  a  tenement  in  Reed,  called  Pickard ; 
alfo  what  houfehold  fluff,   and  napery,   and  other  linen. 

The  depofitions  were  taken  at  Bury,  24th  September  following, 
from  which  I  have  feledted  a  few  particulars. 

Roger  Reve  of  Bury,  gent,  holds,  by  leafe,  the  profits  of  the 
fayres  and  markets  in  Bury,  at  36  1.  a  year's  rent,  40  s.  de- 
duflions.  140  pounds  of  hops  were  worth  4I.  which  is  about 
yd.  a  pound.      Wheat  8s.  a  comb;  barley  6s.  8d.  rye  5s. 

The  new  park  is  \inletten,  worth  about  20  marks  yearlie, 
befides  profits  of  deer  and  conies.  Another  perfon  valued  the 
park  very  differently,  unleis  he  included  the  profits  of  the  live 
flock  in  it  :  he  faid,  the  new  park  is  not  very  much  charged  with 
deer  and  conies;   and  worth  yerelie  50I. 

'  Traves,  the  diifiionaries  fay,  are  a  kind  of  fliackles  for  a  horfe,  that  is  taught 
to  amble  or  pace.  Does  tlie  word  here  mean  the  place  where  horfes  werefo  trained? 
In  a  leafe  dated  1593  (which  will  be  hereafter  mentioned)  iflofe,  or  walk,  called 
the  Horfeivalk,  appears  to  have  been  near  the  houfe. 

\  The 


%  m 


Chap.  IlIO  OF       HAWSTED.  143 

The  demefnes  and  profits  of  the  manors  of  Hawfted,  and  for 
copiehold  and  freehold  thereof,  amount  yeerUe  to  127I.  befides 
the  rent  corn. 

hi  his  time,  two  Uttle  eftates  had  acquired  the  names  of  manors \ 
for,  in  a  furvey  of  the  manor  taken  in  1 58 1,  we  met  with  mane- 
rium  de  Cobdozves^  and  manerium  de  Felets;  but  no  manerial  rights 
or  privileges  appear  to  havei)een  annexed  to  them.  The  truth  is; 
where  a  perfon  of  fome  confequence  refided  or  remained  (ma- 
nebat),  his  houfe  and  demefnes  frequently  acquired  the  title  of  a 
manor. 

At  the  fame  time  many  of  the  houfes  were  fiiid  to  be  well 
built,  and  covered  with  tiles,  as  the  parfonage,  the  hall,  the  long 
houfe  near  the  church,  8ic.  and  furniflied  with  orchards  and 
gardens  planted  with  various  kinds  of  fruit-trees,  befides  bopyards^ 
that  will  be  mentioned  hereafter,  fo  that  tlie  village  feems  to  have 
been  in  a  profperous  ftate  at  that  period. 

Several  lanes,  as  they  are  now  called,  flill  retained  the  names 
of  Jlreets  ;  as  Pinford  Strete\  Smyth  Strete  that  led  from  the  Green 
towards  Bury;  Caldwell  Strete  (or  Frames  Lane),  that  led  from 
Hawfted  Green  to  Menoll  Green  ;  this  laft  taking  its  name  from 
the  fpring,  or  well,  mentioned  at  p.  5.  Street  often  fignified  for- 
merly a  made  road  or  way,  Jlratum,  as  Icknild  Street,  Watling 
Street,  &c. 

Sir  William  was  fucceeded  by  his  eldeft  fon  Robert  Dri/ry;  who, 
even  before  he  was  out  of  mourning  for  his  father,^  attended  the 
earl  of  Effex  to  the  unfuccefsful  fiege  of  Rohan,  in  1591,  where 
he  was  knghted  %   when  he  could  not  exceed  the  age  of  14  years. 

'  He  was  knighted,  fays  his  epitaph  (fee  p.  ■^^.)  net  at  home,  but  at  the  ficge 
of  Rohan — a  circumftance  that  was  mentioned,  as  adding  a  iufire  to  his  title,  lie 
was  not  "  dubb'd  with  unhack'd  rappicr,  and  on  carpe't-confideration,"  but  in  tl.e 
field  of  battle;  an  honour,  of  which  military  people  were  not  a  little  proud;  and 
who  contemptuoufly  called  thofe  ccrpet  knights,  who  received  that  dignity  at  home 
in  the  iofr  fiiken  days  of  peace,  fcec  Johnfon's  and  Stcevens's  notes  on  I'wciitii 
Night,  Ad.  III.  S.  IV. 

As. 


144  HISTORY     AND     ANTIQUITIES         [Chap.  HI. 

As  fooii  as  he  came  of  age,  he  connedled  himfelf  with  one 
of  the  heft  famiUes  in  the  county,  by  marrying  Anne,  the 
elcleft  daughter  of  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon,  of  Redgrave,  the  firft 
baronet  of  England.  In  1603,  he  was  eledled  one  of  the 
knights  of  the  fliire;  an  honour  which  he  enjoyed  as  long  as 
he  lived.  He  patronized  the  learned  and  witty  Dr.  Donne,  to 
whom  and  his  family  he  affigned  apartments  in  his  large  houfe 
in  Drury  Lane.  In  Dec.  16 10,  he  had  the  misfortune  to  lofe 
his  only  fvirviving  child,  which  feems  to  have  produced  a  great 
change  in  his  deiigns,  and  plan  of  life ;  for  not  long  afterwards, 
lie  let  his  dairy  and  park  here  for  three  years  :  and  in  that  leafe, 
which  will  be  mentioned  hereafter,  are  fome  inftances  of  his 
tafte  for  horticulture,  and  the  embellifliment  of  his  feat.  On 
the  1 8th  of  March  following,  he  founded  that  ample  charity  of 
52I.  a  year,  already  mentioned.  With  the  fame  fpirit  of  li- 
berality, he  beftowed,  the  September  following,  a  munificent 
reward  upon 'a  faithful  fervant  ;  it  may  be  a  curiofity  to  fee  the 
form  and  manner  in  which  he  did  it. 

This  indenture,  made  3  Sept.  1611,  between  Sir  Robert  Drury  and  Gabriel 
Catchpole,  of  Hawfted,  yeoman,  witneficth,  that  the  faid  right  worfhipful  Sir 
Robert  Drury,  for  and  in  confideration  of  the  good  and  faithful  fervice  of  the  faid 
Gabriel  already  done  and  performed,  and  hereafter  to  he  done  and  performed,  unto 
the  faid  Sir  Robert  Drury,  while  ftrength,  and  habilite  of  the  bodie,  of  the  faid 
Gabriel  will  permit,  hath  demifed,  granted,  and  to  farm  letten,  unto  the  faid 
Gabriel,  and  his  affigns,  all  that  meffuage,  lately  built  upon  a  parcel  of  ground, 
fome  time  a  wood,  known  by  the  name  of  Bryei's  Wood,  in  Hawlled,  with  all 
the  buildings,  orchards,  gardens,  lands,  meadows,  &c.  now  ufed  with  the  fame ; 
alfo  a  clofe  of  land,  called  Sparrow's  Tuft,  containing  20  acres,  for  40  years,  if 
the  faid  Gabriel  fhould  live  fo  long  ;  he  the  faid  Gabriel  paying  yearly  to  the  faid 
Sir  R.obert,  his  heirs  and  affigns,  for  the  fame,  one  pepper  corn  at  Michaelmas. 
Provided  always,  that  it  may  be  lawful  for  the  faid  Sir  Robert,  during  any  part  of 
the  above  term,  to  revoke  and  make  void  the  grant.  The  faid  Gabriel  agreeing  to 
^repair  the  houfe  and  buildings  belonging  to  the  demifed  premilcs. 

About 


Chap.  III.]  OF        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  145 

About  the  faPxie  time,  when  Sir  Robert  fold  the  leafe  of  the 
almoner's  barns,  tithes,  fairs,  and  markets,  of  Bury  ;  he  gave 
that  town  lool.  to  remain  as  a  ftock  for  ever,  to  purchafe  fireing 
for  the  poor  there. 

hi  161  2,  he  made  a  journey  to  Paris,  and  perfuaded  Dr.  Donne 
to  attend  him  ;  it  was  there  the  Do6lorfaw  the  remarkable  vifion 
of  his  wife,  who   was   at  that  time  brought  to  bed  of  a  dead  . 
child  in  England  '. 

Sir  Robert  feems  now  to  have  quitted  his  feat  at  Hawfted  ;  and 
to  have  refided  at  Hardwick  Houfe^  not  far  diftant.  For  in  the 
year  161  3,  he  procured  a  licence  from  the  archbifliop  of  Can- 
terbury for  having  divine  fervice  performed  in  his  houfe  there, 
for  himfelfj  wife,  and  fervants,  as  \Yt\\  as  for  the  widows  of  his 
newly  founded  almflioufe.  This  licence  is  figned,  Tho.  Ridley; 
and  the  feal  of  red  wax  appendant  to  it,  is  engraven  in  the  plate, 
N°  2. 

Dr.  Walton  is  miftaken,  in  making  Sir  Rol  e  t  accompany 
lord  Carlifle  in  his  embafly  to  Paris,  for  that  was  in  1616  ;  and 
Sir  Robert  died  the  latter  end  of  May,  1615.  He  was  buried 
on  the  north  fide  of  the  chancel  here  ;  M'here  his  widov/  ereiSled 
a  beautiful  monument  to  the  memory  of  his  father  and  him, 
employing  that  excellent  artift  Nicholas  Stone,  who  had  given  fo 
fine  a  proof  of  his  ability,  in  the  tomb  of  her  father  and  mother 
in  Redgrave  church. 

Thus  did  the  name  of  Drury  become  extind  in  this  village, 
having  flouriflied  in  it  jufl:  150  years. 

Sir  Robert  had  two  daughters  :  the  elder,  Dorothy,  died  at  the 
age  of  4  years ;  the  younger,  Elizabeth,  to  increafe  the  grief 
of  her  parents,  reached  almoft  15.  Of  this  young  lady's 
monument,  with  her  epitaph,  fome  account  has  been  already 
given,  p.  53.  Tradition  reports,  that  (lie  died  of  a  box  on  the 
ear,   wliich  her  father  gave  her.     This  conceit  rofe  probably 

'  Biog.  Brit. 

U  from 


i4(J  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  III. 

from  her  being  reprefcnted  both  on  her  monnmenf,  and  in  her 
pi(fture,  as  recUning  her  head  on  one  hand  ;  jull  as  the  ftory  of 
lord  RiifTel's  daughter  dying  of  a  prick  of  her  finger  took  its 
origin  from  her  ilatue  in  Wellminfter  Abbey,  which  reprefents  her 
as  holding  dov/n  her  finger,  and  pointing  to  a  death's  head  at  her 
feet.  Another  tradition  relating  to  her  is,  that  flie  was  deftined 
for  the  wife  of  prince  Henry,  eldefi:  fon  of  James  I.  She  was 
certainly  a  great  heirefs ;  and  their  ages  were  not  unfuitable  : 
but  whether  there  be  more  truth  in  this,  than  in  the  other,  I 
pretend  not  to  fay;  though  this  came  from  refpecfable  authority. 
What  is  certain  is,  that'flie  is  immortalifed  by  the  Mufe  of  I>r. 
Donne,  v,ho  had  determined  to  celebrate  her  anniverfary  in  an 
elegy  as  long  as  he  lived ; 

Accept  this  tiibute,  and  his  firft  year's  rent, 
Who,  till  this  dark  fliort  t^jper's  end  be  fpent, 
As  oi"t  as  thy  feafl:  fees  this  widow'd  earth. 
Will  yearly  celebrate  thy  fecond  birth, 
That  is,  thy  death.         

However,  we  have  nothing  beyond  the  fecond  anniverfary : 
the  truth  feems  to  be,  that  panegyric  had  been  fo  profufely 
lavilhed  in  two  efiTays,  that  it  was  quite  exhaufted.  Some  of 
the  lines  have  been  noticed  in  the  Spectator,  N°  41,  where  they 
are  by  miftake  faid  to  be  a  defcription  of  Dr.  Donne's  miftrefs, 
inftead  of  the  departed  daughter  of  his  friend.  They  are  in- 
fcribed  on  her  portrait  in  my  pofieflion  ;  and,  I  fiiould  fuppofe, 
from  the  appearance  of  the  paint,  were  put  there  foon  after 
they  were  written.  They  are  now  inferted  at  the  bottom  of  the 
engraving.  This  portrait  is  as  large  as  life,  well  painted  ;  and 
the  only  one  of  the  family  left  at  Hazv/led  Place.  The  great 
expectations  of  the  perfon  it  reprefents,  the  praifes  beftowed 
upon  her  by  one  of  the  greatelt  wits  of  the  age,  and  the  fingu- 

larity 


Chap.  III.]  OF        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  14^^ 

larity  of  the  attitude,  feem  to  make  it  worthy  of  being  preferved 
by  the  graver.  The  original  is  much  more  highly  finiflied  than 
could  be  reprefented  upon  the  fcale  of  the  prefent  plate. 

Lady  Drury  refided,  during  her  widowhood,  at  Hardwick 
Houfe ;  and  in  161 6,  procured  a  renewal  of  the  licence  for  a 
chapel  there.  The  place  chofen  for  that  purpofe,  by  this  lady 
of  fortune  and  rank,  was  an  abfolute  cellar;  and  puts  one  in 
mind  of  thofe  caverns,  in  which  the  primitive  Chriftians  are 
faid  to  have  fometimes  performed  their  religious  fervices,  for 
the  fake  of  privacy.  She  died  at  Hardwick  Houfe,  5  June,  1624, 
and  was  buried  in  Hawfted  chancel  the  next  evening  ' ;  the 
regifter  alone  recording  her  death,  though  flie  had  left  a  void 
fpace  after  her  hufband's  epitaph,  for  the  infertion  of  her  own  % 

Sir  Robert's  heirs  were  his  three  fillers,  i.  Frances  %  mar- 
ried firft  to  Sir  Nicholas  Clifford  ;  afterwards  to  Sir  William  Wray, 
of  Gientworth,  in  Lincolnfliire,  Bart,  from  whom  are  defcended 
the  prefent  Sir  Cecil  Wray,  Bart,  and  lord  Bolfon.  2.  Diana, 
fecond  wife  to  Sir  Edward  Cecil,  third  fon  of  the  firft  carl  of 
Exeter.  3.  Elizabeth,  fecond  wife  of  William,  fecond  earl  of 
Exeter,  by  whom  flie  had  thre.e  daughters,  from  whom  the  noble 
families  of  SvifFolk,  Stamford,  Sec.  are  defcended.  Upon  the 
partition  of  Sir  Robert's  eftates,  that  at  Hawfted,  and  its  environs, 
was  fettled  on  the  lady  Wray  ;  the  widow  of  whofe  only  fur- 
viving  fon  Sir  Chriflopher,  the  honourable  dame  Albinia  Wray, 
with  three  of  her  fons,  fold  the  eftate  flie  polfefTed  here,  15 
Odtober,  *'  in  the   year  of  our  Lord    Chrift   (according  to  the 

'  This  would  be  reckoned  very  quick  difpatch,  even  for  a  perfon  of  the  humbled 
condition-,  but  there  is  a  fimilar  inftance  of  a  lady  Drury,  who  was  aUb  a  widow,  in 
1375.     See  extrads  from  the  parilh  regifter  under  that  year,  p.  69. 

^  See  p.  56. 

^  This  lady  refided  in  Lincolnfhire;  how  long  (he  lived,  I  cannot  exadly  fay.  Sh? 
executed  a  leafe  of  lands  here  in  1635,  and  was  dead  before  1647,  when  her  ciiarity, 
ftill  enjoyed  by  the  poor  of  this  village,  took  place. 

U  2  *'  accompt 


148  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  III. 

"  accompt  ufed  in  England),  1656,"  to  Thomas  Cullum,  efq^ 
fjr  17,697  1.  when  the  intereft  of  the  Drurys  ceafed  here,  after 
a  continuance  of   190  years. 

In  the  church  cheft  are  preferved  fome  papers,  which  may 
help  us  to  form  an  idea  of  fome  of  the  numberlefs  oppreffions, 
under  which  the  nation  in  general,  and  this  village  in  particular, 
laboured,  during  the  civil  wars,  and  confequent  ufurpation,  of 
the  laft  century.     I  fliall  tranfcribe  fome  of  them. 

1.  The  9  day  of  Jenevary,  1642,  receaved  of  the  conftables  of  Hawfted,  the 
fom  of  twcntey  on  pound,  leveii  fliillinges,  foucr  penfe,  which  fayd  fom  was  im« 
poled  upon  the  fayd  toune,  towardes  the  laOe  motive  of  the  gret  liibfide,  granted 
by  the  temporail,  in  the  feventten  yere  of  his  majefty's  rayne.  I  faye  receaved  the 
day  and  yeie  above  written,  the  fom  of  2  i  1.  lis.  4d.  for  the  ufe  of  king  and  par- 
lemente,  p  me,  John  Daynes. 

2.  June  6,  1642,  receaved  of  the  church  wardens  and  overfeers  of  Hawfted, 
there  contribution  for  there  poor  diftreffed  brethren  in  Ireland,  the  fum  of  i61.  16s. 
which  I  am  to  pay  to  the  high  flierife.     I  fay,  receaved  p  me,  Jo.  Sparrowe. 

3.  In  April,  1643,  the  weekly  alleflrnent  '  upon  lands  and  goods  amounted  to 
2I.  14s.  8d.  How  long  this  weekly  afleflrnent  continued  does  not  appear  j  but  at 
leaft  to  September. 

4.  Whereas  by  a  late  ordinance  of  parliament,  intimating  the  approaching  of  the 
enimy  towards  the  confines  of  thefe  aflbciated  counties  %  five  hundred  horfe,  with 
the  trayned  troopes,  are  to  be  raifed  in  the  faid  counties,  which  are  to  marche  to 
Cambredge  for  the  fafetie  of  the  afTociation  :  whearof  350  horfes  are  charged  upon 
this  county,  for  the  compleating  the  faid  farvice-,  the  proportion  of  our  hundred  of 
Thingo  being  11  and  upwards,  every  horfe  to  be  worth  lol.  at  leafl,  furnifhed  with 
afufficient  grate  faddle,  piftols  and  fwords,  of  five  pounds  of  monneys;  to  provide 
the  fame  to  bee  payd  to  the  treafurer  appointed  by  the  deputy  leafetennants ;  for 
the  repayment  wheareof,  every  parifh  and  partie  fiiall  have  the  publique  faith.  And 
alfoe,  that  every  towne  and  parilh  doe  fend  thare  horfes,  and  fit  riders,  armed  as 
aforefaid,  with  one  mounth's  pay,  being  3I.  10s.  which  is  alfo  to  be  paid  to  the 
faid  treafurer,  at  Bury  St.  Edmond's  in  the  faid  county,  the  22d  day  of  thisinftant 
Auguft.  The  faid  monies  are  to  be  raifed  according  to  the  iifeall  rates.  Thefe  sre 
therefore,  by  virtue  of  the  faid  ordinance  and  warrant  from  the  deputy  leafetennants,. 
to  require  you  to  find  one  horfe  and  rider  compleat  as  abovefaid,  with  the  mounih's 
pay,  and  bringe  him  before  the  deputy  leafetennants,  the  day  abovefaid.     And  you 

•  Thefe  affcfrmerts  were  ordered  to  be  made  by  both  hoiifet  of  parliament,  j8  February,  1643, 
for  the  repayment  of  6o,oool.  with  intereft,  which  the  citizens  of  London  had  advanced  for  the 
fupply  of  the  army. 

'  Effex,  Cambi'idgefliire,  Ifle  of  Ely,  Hert ford fli ire,  Suffolk,  Norfolk,  and  city  of  Norwich, 
aflbciJitcd  in  1642.     Of  thefe  the  earl  of  Manchefter  was  general. 

are: 


Chap.  III.]  OF        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  14^ 

are  hereby  authorized  to  diftrainc  fuch  as  (hall  refufe  to  pay  the  faid  rates,  and  to 
make  fale  of  the  goods  fo  diftrained,  according  to  the  ordinance  of  parlianrient. 
Hereof  fail  not.     Dated  at  Reede,  Auguft  12,   1643.  Jo.  Sparrowe. 

To  the  conftables  You  are  to  receive  of  the  conftables 

of  Halted.  of  Nowton  towards  the  charge,  5I. 

25  Auguft,  1643. 

5.  Receaved  of  the  towne  of  Halfled,  a  bl.  Horfe"!      ^^ 
for  the  ufe  of  the  kinge  and  parliment,  prifed    J 

^  Thomas  Chaplin. 
Samuel  IVIoody. 

6.  April  25,  1644.  Receaved  the  day  and  year  above  written,  by  me,  whofe 
name  is  fubfcribed  (being  treafurer  for  raifmg  money  towards  payment  of  the 
hundred  thoufand  pounds  agreed  to  be  forthwith  advanced,  for  our  brethren  in  Scot- 
land, towards  payment  of  their  army,  raifed  for  our  affiftance),  the  fum  of  45 
fhillings,  of  Mr.  Sparrow,  high  conftable  of  Thingo  hundred,  in  the  county  of 
Suffolk,  which  is  to  be  paid  to  the  faid  Mr.  Sparrow  or  his  afiigns,  with  intereft,. 
after  the  rate  of  eight  pounds  per  cent,  for  the  fpeedy  payment  whereof  the  publicke 
faith  of  both  nations  is  engaged.  I  fay,  received  of  ieveral  perfons  in  Harfted,  in 
the  faid  hundred.  John  Clarke. 

7.  Oftober  2,  K544.  Receaved  the  day  and  year  above  written,  by  me  Sir 
Thomas  Middieton,  knight,  of  divers  perfons  of  the  town  of  Hawited,  the  fum  of 
four  pounds  of  lawful  money  of  England,  being  fo  much  voluntarily  lent  by  them^ 
towards  r/ifing  of  forces  to  be  employed  under  my  command,  for  the  reducing  of 
North  Wales  to  their  due  obedience  to  the  parliament ;  and  to  be  repayed  to  the 
faid  townfmen,  their  executors,  or  adminiftrators,  with  iniereft  for  the  fame,  after 
the  rate  of  81.  per  cent,  per  ann.  by  fuch  ways  and  means  as  are  exprefled  in  an 
ordinance  of  the  lords  and  commons  in  parliament,  publilhed  in  print,  21  February 
laft,  enabling  me  the  faid  Sir  Thomas  Middehon  to  take  fubfcriptions  for  the 
fervice  aforefaid.  Thomas  Middelton. 

Receaved  by  me,     John  Sparrowe. 

8.  About  the  fame  time  was  "  a  rate  made  according  as  the  two  /..  s^  dj~ 
"  former  great  fubfidies  were  gathered,"  which  amounted  to         —  1126 

9.  Colleifled  in    the  parifh    of  Haufted,  Odlober    13,  1644,  for  Sir 

William  Brueton  '  .  311'    4; 

10.  Conftables  accounts. 

1655.  Paid  to  Goodman  Hay  ward,,  for  carrying  xxi  Indes  of  faltpettefi 

to  Bury  —  I    14     o 

Paid  to  Martin  Nunn,  for  carrying  of  a  lode  of  tubs  for  the  faltpetter 

men  —  —  •_         —  034 

1656.  Laid  out  for  the  towne  for  a  fword  and  hanger         ~.         —  086. 


Brereton.    He  was  general  of  Chcfiiire. 


Land^ 


■tso  HISTORY    AND    AN  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  III. 

Laid  out  for  2  headpeces,  and  lor  fcoring  (fcouring)  and  lining  and     /.    s.    d. 

fringe  —  —  —  —  —  —       056 

r,aid  out  for  Bandelleors  '  —  —  —         —         020 

Laid  out  for  a  lock  for  the  towne  mnfket  —  —  —  046 

Laid  out  to  Hetiry  Perkin  and  Fiancis  Hikkr  for  trayning,  and  a  quarter 

of  pov.'dcie —         024 

Laid  out  to  Mr.  Gilly  for  a  coftk't  -  and  a  hcadpecc         1    10     o 

Laid  out  to  Thomas  Porker  i'or  going  to  Mildenhall,  and  for  a  quarter 

of  powder  —         014 

Laid  out  for  fcoring  the  coftlet,   and    lining   it,  and  lefTning   it,  and 

mending  the  prick  —      076 

i6^'6.     Laid  out  for  carrying  i7/Z)a  to  Sudbury         — ■ 100 

During  the  above  period,  the  conftable  was  ahnoft  continually 
•employed  in  relieving  and  conveying  foldiers  and  others,  many  of 
them  faid  to  have  pafles  from  the  Protector  himfelf.  Inccffant 
hues  and  cries  were  the  confequence  of  the  country  being  thus 
infefled  with  vagabonds. 

The  affair  of  faltpetre,  that  occurs  above,  requires  fome  ex- 
planation;  and  I  am  enabled  to  give  a  fatistadtory  one,  frcm 
bifliop  Watfon's  Chemical  Eliays  -\  "  Before  inch  large  quan- 
*'  titles  of  faltpetre  were  imported  from  the  Eaft  Indies,  the 
*'  manufadiuiing  of  it  in  England  was  much  attended  to; 
"  though  it  appears  from  a  proclamation  of  Charles  1.  in  the 
*'  year  1627,  that  the  faltpetre  makers  were  never  able  to  fur- 
"  nifli  the  realm  with  one-third  of  the  faltpetre  requifite, 
**  efpecially  in  time  of  war.  This  proclamation  was  ilTued  in 
**  1627,  in  confequence  of  a  patent  granted  in  1625,  to  Sir  John 
*'  Brooke  and  Thomas  Ruflcl,  for  making  faltpetre  by  a  new 
-"  invention.  In  this  new  invention,  great  ufe  was  made  of  all 
'*'  forts  of  urine ;   for  the  proclamation  orders  all  perfons  to  fave 

'  Bandokers,  for  mufkettiers ;  which  are  little  charges  of  powder  like  boxes  ;  fo  called  be- 
•caufe  they  arc  hanged  and  fattened  to  a  broad  band  of  leather,  which  the  man  puts  rbout  his  neck. 
Rlinfliew.  Sometimes,  the  baud  or  b-lt  itfislf,  with  its  charges,  was  fo  called.  See  a  print  of  one 
of  thefe  accoutrements,  in  Horda  Angel  C)nnan,  vol.  III.  plate  ii.  fig.  iv. 

*  Corflet.     Armour  for  the  breaft  and  back. 

3    Vol.  I.    p.    286. 

<■<'  the 


Cliap.  III.]  O     F         H     A     W     S     T     E     D.  151 

"  the  uriae  of  their  families,  and  as  much  as  they  could  of  their 

"  cattle,  to  be  fetched  away   by  the  patentees,  or  their  aliigns, 

'*  once  in  twenty-four  hours  in   tlie  fummer,   and  in  forty-eight 

"  hours  in  the  winter  leafon.      This  royal  proclamation  was  no 

"  fmail  inconvenience  to  the  fubjedi: ;   but  it  was  not  lb  great  a 

<'  one  as  that  by  which  the  faltpetre  makers  were  permitted  to 

**  dig  up  the^oorj-  of  all  dove-boufes,  Jlab/es,  &c.   the  proprietors 

*'   being  at  the  fame  time  prohibited    from  the  laying  of  fucli 

<'  floors  with  any  thing  but  mellow  earth.     To  this  grievance  all 

*'  perfons  had  been  fubjetSled  by  a  proclamation  in  1625,  which 

"   was  revived  in  its  chief  extent  in  1634;   the  new  invention 

"  not  having   anfwered  the  purpole  for   which  the  patent  has 

"  been  granted  ;   and  it  was  not  till  the  year  1656,  that  an  adl 

*'  of  parliament  pafTed,   forbidding  the  laltpetre  makers  to  dig 

"  in  houfes  or   lands,   without  leave   of  the  owners."     Water 

having  been  poured  upon  earths,  in  which  faltpetre  is  generated, 

to  diirolve  all  the  falts  contained  in  them,  is  afterwards  palTed 

through  wood  apes^  in  order  to  fupply  the  unformed  parts  of  the 

faltpetre  with  a  proper  alkaline  bafis  '. 

From  the   above  quotation  we  may  conjedure,  that   the   21 

lodes  of  faltpetter  carried  to  Bury,  were  loads  of  earth  from  dove- 

houfes,   il:ables,   &c. ;   and  that  the  tubs  for  the  faltpetter  men,, 

were  full  of  urine,  or  fome  other   material  of  the  fame  kind,. 

In  1668,  occur  thefe  articles  ; 

s.     d. 
Yor  cixtfing  faltpetter  Uqucr  —  —         18     4 

Foccarrying  of  the  tubs         —        —        —        —        —        —  30 

.  Tkeie  lail  charges  fliew,  that  though  Cromw^ell  relaxed  the 
molt  vexatious  part  of  the  faltpetre  grievance;  the  nation  flill 
continued  to  be  in  fome  degree  burthened  with  it,  even  after  the 
Melioration. 

•■  p.  200. 

Gellum».. 


154  HISTORY     AND    A  N  T I  Q^U  ITI  E  S        [Chap.  lU, 


CULLUM. 

This  faaiily  was  featcd  at  Thorndon,  in  this  county,  at  leaft 
as  early  as  the  j  5th  century  :  for  in  1483,  John  Cullum  of  that 
place,  by  his  will,  directed  his  body  to  be  buried  in  the  church* 
yard  there  ;  appointed  a  fecular  prieft  to  pray  and  ling  a  year  for 
his  Ibul,  and  to  be  paid  by  his  fon  Thomas ;  and  bequeathed 
leveral  legacies  to  religious  ules.  For  paying  his  debts,  and 
fulfilling  his  will,  he  ordered  his  lands  in  Wetheringfet  to  be 
fold.  He  mentions  John  and  Sybly  Cullum,  who,  I  prefume, 
were  his  children.  This  will  was  proved  8  June,  1483;  and 
is  extant  in  the  archdeacon  of  Sudbury's  office  at  Bury. 

The  above  Thomas  Cullum  occurs,  in  1494,  as  a  feoffee  in  a 
deed,  which  relates  to  the  village  of  Thorndon,  as  I  was  in- 
formed by  the  late  Mr.  Ives. 

There  feems  therefore  but  little  occafion  to  derive  this  family, 
as  the  heralds  have  done,  from  the  Culms  of  Devonfliire,  and 
to  feat  it  in  this  county,  only  four  generations  before  Sir  Thomas 
Cullum,  who  died  in  1664;  when  the  name  occurs  here,  ac- 
cording to  its  prefent  orthography,  full  300  years  ago. 

The  firft  of  the  family,  connedted  with  Hawfled,  was  T'hotnas 
Cullum,  who,  being  a  younger  fon,  was  put  to  bufinefs  in  London; 
and  became  a  very  fuccefsful  draper  in  Gracechurch  Street.  He 
married  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Nicholas  Crifpe,  who  died  in  the 
prime  of  life,  leaving  him  the  father  of  a  numerous  ofF-fpring. 
I  find  the  following  epitaph  for  her,  in  her  hufband's  hand. 
The  monument  was  probably  confuraed  by  the  dreadful  fire  in 
1666. 

Hear  under  refteth  the  body  of  the  truly  vertuous  gentlewoman  Mrs.  Marie 
Cullum,  daughter  to  Mr.  Nicholas  Crifpe,  marchant,  wife  to  Thomas  Cullum,  draper, 

of 


Chap.  III.]  O    F      II     A     W    S     T    E    D.  133 

of  this  pariQi.     She  departed  this  life  the  22d  of  July,  1637,  in  the  36th  year  of 
hir  age,  having  had  iffue  5  fons,  and  6  daughters. 

Hir  corpes  interr'd  lies  hear.  To  reigne  eternallie 

Which  liv'd  with  a  free  fpiric,  Among  the  julT:. 

Who  by  God's  mercie,  To  live  and  die  well. 

And  hir  Saviour's  meritt,  Was  hir  whole  ir.deavor ; 

Departed  in  afflired  hope  And  in  afllirance  died 

And  certain  truft,  To  live  for  ever. 

If  that  all  women  wer  but  near  fo  good  as  (hee, 
Then  all  men  furely  might  in  wives  right  hippie  bee. 
Would  any  know,  how  virtus  rare  in  hir  did  cake; 
I  fay  no  more  ;  (he  was  a  crisfe,  born  of  a  pake. 

The  boaft  at  the  end  of  the  lail  line,  that  his  wife*3  mother 
was  a  Pake,  was  better  founded  than  fuch  kind  of  boafts  often 
are.  She  was  Rebecca,  the  daughter  of  Mr.  John  Pake,  of 
Broomfield,  in  Eflex.  I  have  fome  of  her  letters,  after  fhe  was 
married,  that  mark  a  very  good  head  and  heart ;  and  the  follow- 
ing, when  flie  was  lingle,  is  worth  preferving  : 

"  Deare  Mother,  , 

My  humble  dutye  remembred  unto  my  father  &  you,  &c.  I  received. upon 
Weddenfday  laft  a  letter  from  my  father  &  you,  whereby  I  underftand,  it  is  your 
pleafures,  that  I  flioulde  certifie  you,  what  times  I  do  take  for  my  luce,  and  the  reft 
of  my  exercifes.  I  doe  for  the  moll:  part  playe  of  my  lute  after  fupper,  for  then 
commonlie  my  lady  hearech  me ;  8c  in  the  morninges,  after  I  am  reddie,  I  play  an 
hower ;  8c  my  wrightinge  &  fiferinge,  after  1  have  done  my  lute.  For  my  drawinge, 
I  take  an  hower  in  the  afternowrie  ;  &  my  French  at  night  before  fupper.  My  lady 
hath  not  bene  well  thcfe  tooe  or  three  dayes :  fhe  telleth  me,  when  (he  is  well,  that 
fhe  will  fee  if  Hiiliard  v.ill  come  and  teche  mc ;  if  flie  can  by  any  means,  (lie  will. 
Good  mother,  I  doe  knowe,  that  my  learninge  hath  bene  a  greate  charge  both  to 
my  father  8c  you,  and  a  great  paine  to  myfelfe.  If  I  flioulde  through  a  little  floch 
forget  that  which  I  have  bedowed  all  my  time  to  learne,  and  a  greate  dele  of  paines 
before  I  came  to- it,  I  were  greatlye  to  be  blamed  for  it.  But  I  hope  I  fhall  have  fo 
good  a  care  to  kepe  it,  andfo  great  a  deficr  to  increafe  it,  that  it  fhall  be  pleafinge 
to  my  father  8c  you,  and  every  one  clfe.  As  touchinge  my  nevve  corfe  in  fervice,  I 
hope  I  (hall  performe  my  dutye  to  my  lady  with  all  care  and  regard  to  pleafe  her, 
and  to  behave  myfelfe  to  everyc  one  clfe  as  it  fiiall  become  me.  Mr.  Harrifone 
was  with  me  upon  Fridaye  ;  he  heard  me  playe,  and  brought  me  a  dudon  of  trebles ; 
I  had  fome  of  him  when  I  cume  to  London*     Thus  defuing  pardqne  for  my  rude 

X  writiiige. 


154  HISTORY     AND     ANTIQUITIES     [Chap.  III. 

writingf,  I  leave  you  to  the  Almightie,  defiringe  him  to  increafe  in  you  all   health 
&  happines. 

Fridayc  night.  Your  obedient  daughter, 

1595.  Rebecca  Pake." 

This  letter  ',  written  in  a  very  beautiful  hand,  and  diredled 
*'  to  my  good  mother  Mrs.  Pake,  at  Broumfield,  deliver  this," 
fliews  how  much  attention  was  paid  both  to  the  ufeful  and  orna- 
mental accomplilhments  of  this  young  woman.  It  was  an  age, 
when  female  education  was  much  attended  to.  The  queen  her- 
felf  was  extremely  accomplifhed  '.  The  nobility,  and  perfons 
of  fortune,  retained  in  their  fervice  many  young  people  of  both 
fexes,  of  good  families,  and  beftowed  upon  them  the  fafhionable 
education  of  the  time  :   their  houfes  were  the  heft,  if  not  the 

'  It  was  faftened  in  the  old,  and  very  efFedtual  manner,  with  wax  and  ravelled 
filk ;  the  latter,  when  the  letter  was  to  be  opened,  was  cut  with  a  knife  or  pair  of 
fciflars,  while  the  former  remained  unbroken.  To  this  cuftom  of  fecuring  letters, 
Shakfpeare  alludes  in  his  "  Lover's  Complaint;" 

— — Letters  fadl^'  penn'd  in  blood. 

With Jleidcd filk  feat  and  affedredly 

Enfzvath''d  end  feaT d  to  curious  fecrecy. 

It  was  one  of  thefe  letters,  that  Charles  V.  when  crippled  with  the  gout,  found 
fuch  difficulty  in  opening.  Charles  s'efforfoit  d'ouvrir  la  lettre  de  Henri  ;  mais. 
comme  elle  etoit  enlacee  avcc  dejils  defoie,  fcs  doigts,  couverts  de  nodus,  et  prefque 
perclus,  ne  pouvoient  les  rompre.  Ililloire  de  France  par  M.  Gamier,  as  quoted 
in  "  I'Efprit  des  Journau.x,"  for  April,  1782. 

This  fafhion  continued  till  at  leafl;  late  in  the  laft  century.  For  I  have  feen  a  letter 
from  Chrillina,  the  abdicated  queen  of  Sweden,  to  our  Charles  11.  dated  at  Rome, 
in  1678,  that  was  thus  fecured. 

^  Of  this  the  duchefs  dowager  of  Portland  is  in  polleflion  of  a  very  curious  proof. 
It  is  a  very  fmail  book,  containing  fix  prayers,  all  of  confiderable  length  ;  the  firft 
and  laft  are  in  Englifli,  the  ftcord  is  in  French,  the  third  in  Italian,  tiiC  fourth  in 
Latin,  and  the  fifth  in  Greek.  It  is  difficult  to  fay,  whether  the  piety  or  the  good 
fenfe  they  contain  be  predominart.  They  exhibit  a  fpecimen  of  exqulfite  pen- 
manfliip,  which  there  is  the  bell  leafon  to  believe  was  executed  with  her  majefly's 
own  hand  ■,  nor  can  there  be  much  doubt  of  their  being  her  own  compofition;  for, 
cxclufive  of  tradition,  they  have  this  internal  evidence,  ih.at  there  is  fuch  a  profound 
humility  and  fclf-abafcment  pervading  the  whole,  as  fcarcely  any  of  her  fnbjeds 
would  have  ventured  to  put  into  her  mouth,  even  in  the  form  of  a  prayer. 

only 


Chap.  III.]  O     F       il     A     \V     S     TED.  ij5 

only  feminaries  of  elegant  learning.  Such  was  the  fltuation  of 
the  perfon  who  wrote  the  above  letter ;  flie  was  probably  very 
young  at  that  time  ;  and  was  in  the  fervice  of  fome  lady  of 
fafliion,  who  admitted  her  as  her  companion  in  her  vacant 
hours ;  allowed  her  to  improve  herfelf  in  what  flie  had  learnt ; 
and  was  defirous  of  having  her  inftru6led  by  Mr.  Hilliard,  one 
of  the  beft  miniature  painters  of  the  age. 

Mr.  CuUum  was  one  of  the  flierifFs  of  London  in  1646  ;  and 
in  Auguft  1647  was,   with  the  lord    mayor   and  feveral  others, 
committed  to    the  Tower  for  high  treafon,   that   is,   for  having 
been  concerned    in   fome  commotions    in    the  city,    in    favour 
of  the  king.      He  was  never  mayor;  the  ruling  powers,  I  fuppofe, 
not  thinking  proper  he  fliould  be  trufted  with  that  office,      hi 
1656,   as  has    been   before    faid,   he   made  his  purchafe  in  this 
place,  to  which  he  retired  from  the  hurry  of  buhnefs  and  public 
life,   being  then  near  70  years  old.      Immediately  upon  his  pur- 
chafe, he  fettled  his  eftate  on   his  only  furviving  fons  Thorn r.s 
and  John,  referving  to  himfelf  only  a  life  intereft  in  it.      Ver^- 
foon  after  the  Reftoration,   he  was  created  a  baronet,  his  patent 
bearing  date  18  June,    1660.      This  mark  of  royal  favour,   and 
his  having  been  committed  to  the  Tower  for  favouring  the  king's 
party,  in  i  647,  might,  one  would  have  thought,   have  fecured 
him  from  every  apprehenfion  of  danger ;  but  whether  it   were 
that  he    had    temporized    a    little  during    fome   period   of  the 
Ufurpation,  or  that  money  was  to  be  fqueezed  from  the  opulent 
by  every  poflible  contrivance,   he  had  a  pardon  under  the  great 
feal,   dated  17  July,    1661,   for  all  treafcns  and  rebellions,  with 
all  their  concomitant  enormities,  committed  by  him  before  the 
29th  of  the  preceding  December.      Some  crimes  were  excepted 
from  the  general  pardon,   as  burglaries,  perjuries,  forgeries,  and 
feveral  others;  amongft  which,  fliall  w^e  laugh  or  weep  at  finding 

X    2  witch- 


j,r,6  HISTORY     AND    A  N  T  I  a.U  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  Ilf. 

witchcraft?    He    died    6  April,  1664,  and   was  buried   in   the 
chancel  here. 

of  his  uleful  charities  fomc  account  has  been  already  given. 
A  ftreet  in  London  ilill  bears  his  name,  and  where  he  had  con- 
fiderable  property,  of  which  he  jull  efcaped  feeing  the  deftruction, 
by  the  fatal  fire. 

I  have  two  portraits  of  him.  In  one,  he  is  in  his  alderman's 
gown,  which  is  fcariet,  trimmed  with  fables;  a  large  ruff,  and 
clofe  black  cap,  edged  with  white.  In  the  other,  he  is  in  his 
flieriff's  gown,  which  is  black,  the  arms  adorned  with  black  and 
gold  loops  and  buttons,  juft  like  the  drefs  of  the  fellow-com- 
moners at  Cambridge  ;  a  broad  falling  band,  a  fafiiion  peculiar 
to  the  time  of  the  Ufurpation  ;  gold-fringed  gloves ;  and  the 
black  cap  as  before.  This  was  painted  by  Sir  Peter  Lely  ;  and 
is  fcarcely  inferior  to  the  pencil  of  Vandyck.  The  impreflion  of 
his  gold  ring  feal  is  given  in  the  plate,  N°  10.  within  is  en- 
graven the  name  of  his  friend,  Ralph  Ingram,  with  his  own  : 
this,   I  believe,  was  not  an  imcommon  cuftom. 

He  was  fucceeded  by  his  eldeft  fon  Thomas  Cullum,  who,  about 
the  year  1657,  married  Dudley  ',  the  fecond  daughter  of  Sir 
Henry  North  of  Mildenhall,  in  this  county,  Bart.  In  1680,  he 
and  Mr.  Rotherham  v.'ere  eledfed  members  of  parliament  for  the 
burrough  of  Bury  St,  Edmund's  by  a  majority  of  the  Freemen  : 
but  the  alderman  returned  Sir  Thomas  Hervey  and  Thomas 
Jermyn,  efquire,  who  had  been  elected  by  a  majority  of  the 
corporation.  And  the  former  petitioned  the  houfe  in  vain  againfl 
the  return;  as,  in  1 7  i  3,  Jermyn  Davers  and  Gilbert  Affleck,  efqrs. 
did,  in  fimilar  circumftanees,  againfl:  the  honourable  Carr  Ilervey 
and  Aubrey  Porter. 

'  Pereorine,  lier  fifier,  was  the  mother  of  Sir  Thomas  Hanmer,  the  Speaker. 
Several  of  her  letters  are  in  my  pofleffion,  and  befpealc  her  a  woman  of  a  very  cul- 
tivated underftanding.  From  her  the  prefent  Sir  Charles  Bunbury  inherits  a  good 
eftatc  in  ibis  county.     See  p.  70. 

2  Of 


N 


^ 


0-, 


Chap.  III.]  O     F       H     A     Vv     S     T     E     D.  157 

Of  the  Chriftinas  hofpitality  cxercifed  by  Sir  Thomas,  I  have 
feveral  inftances  in  the  lills  of  the  guefts  invited  to  the  Place  at 
that  feftive  feafon.  The  company  was  divided  into  two  parties; 
one  invited  a  day  or  two  after  Chriftmas  Day  ;  the  other  on 
New  Year's  Day  :  a  third  party,  who,  I  fuppofe,  ftayed  at  home, 
had  each  of  them  a  peck  of  wheat,  and  a  ftone  of  beef.  The 
whole  number  of  all  forts  was  about  60  :  the  women  came  with 
their  hufbands  ;   but  no  children  are  mentioned. 

Sir  Thomas  and  his  lady  were  more  united  in  their  deaths  than 
in  their  lives  ;  flie  dying  in  September,  and  he  in  Oflober,  1680, 
They  were  both  buried  here. 

Their  portraits  were  painted  by  Sir  Peter  Lely,  and  in  his 
beft  manner.  His  picfture  is  remarkable  for  being  almoft  entirslv 
brow^n  ;  his  complexion,  flowing  peruke,  drapery,  and  the  ground, 
being  Httle  elfe  than  different  fliades  of  that  colour  :  yet  the 
whole  produces  a  very  good  effect.  She  has  a  mod  pleafmg 
countenance  ;  her  hair  flowing  in  loofe  ringlets  on  lier  forehead 
and  IhoulderSj  with  a  very  large  Angle  pendant  in  her  ear.  Her 
drapery  is  a  fky  blue.  Both  thefe  portraits,  as  -well  as  that  be- 
fore-mentioned,  are  in  perfe6l  prefervation  and  freflinefs. 

Some  accounts  of  the  overfeers  of  the  poor  about  this  period 
are  preferved  in  the  church  cheft,  and  v/ill  appear  fcarcely  credible 
to  the  prefent  age. 

From  a6  May  1670,  to  25  May  167 1,  they  exj^ended  on  the 
relief  of  the  poor  3I.  i8s.  They  gathered  two  rates,  which 
amounted  to  3I.    2  s.    8d. 

From  25  May  1671,  to  11  May  1672,  4I.  7s.  The  word- 
collection  was  then  ufed,  as  it  ftill  continues  to  be,  for  money 
raifed  by  rate,  and  bellowed  on  the  poor.  The  old  Vvay  of  re- 
lieving the  poor  was  by  colletling  o\:  gathering  money  for  them 
from  the  inhabitants,  who  gave  as  they  were  able,  or  inclined ; 
a  cuftom  that  flill  prevails  in  fome  parts  of  Wales,   where  the 

clergyman, 


1 53  HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  QJJ  ITI  E  S  [Chap.  III. 

clergyman,  oa  a  Sunday,  announces  from  his  deflv,  the  name 
and  circumdances  of  the  perfon  who  wants  rehef,  and  a  co/- 
leBion  is  made  in  the  congregation.  This  mode  has  its  ad- 
vantages. 

From  ID  May  1672,  to  8  May  1674,  (two  years)  13I.  19s.  3d. 
This  account  was  attelled  by  the  reftor,  as  well  as  the  overfeers. 
The  next  year,  15I.  3s.  8d.;  the  next,  81.  2s.  2d.;  the  next, 
13I.  4  s.  9d.;  this  account  w^as  delivered  to  the  Juftices ;  the 
next,  14I.  OS.  2d.  ;  the  next,  only  4I.  i6s.;  the  next,  ending 
28  April  1680,    Tol.    15s.    8d. 

The  ertate  and  title  devolved  on  Dudley  Cullum^  the  eldefl  fon, 
who  had  been  educated  at  Bury  School,  under  that  excellent 
grammarian  Mr.  Leedes.  In  1675,  he  went  to  St.  John's  College, 
Cambridge,  where  the  young  men  at  that  time,  however  frugal 
they  might  be  in  other  refpedts,  drefled  as  Beaux ;  for,  in  his 
tutor's  bill  for  1675,  7  s.  were  charged  for  mending  his  fword  ; 
and  the  year  following,  3  s.  for  the  fame  purpofe.  Yet  this  laft 
year  did  his  mother  tell  him  by  letter,  that  llie  could  not  agree 
that  he  fliould  have  a  hanging  for  his  chamber,  without  his 
father's  confent,  as  it  would  be  a  confiderable  charge,  and  as  all 
fellow-commoners  had  not  their  chambers  hanged.^  Here,  among 
other  accomplifliments,  he  amufed  himfelf  with  engraving,  as 
appears  by  his  college  bills,  and  the  following  letter  to  him,  which 
preferves  the  name  of  an  artift,  of  whom  I  find  no  other  men- 
tion,  and  who  at  leaft  promifed  well : 

"   Sir, 

It  was  my  mifhap  to  be  out  of  the  way,  when  the  bearer  of  your  note  came ;  and 
having  perufed  it,  I  Ihall  defire  to  offer  the  beft  of  my  fervices  to  you,  and  fl-iall 
not  doubt  of  performing  my  part,  fo  as  to  give  you  a  further  fatisfadion,  than 
can  probably  be  expected,  in  a  few  days,  if  you  can  fpare  but  two  or  three 
hours   in  a  day.     If  1  fliould   begin    to-morrow  morning,  by  Saturday  night,    I 

queftion 


Chap.  III.]  O     F     •  II     A     W     S     T     E     D.  159 

queftion  not,  but  you  will  be  able  to  grave  any  thing  better  than  you  can  draw  or 
write.    This  from  him  who  dcfires  to  be  tound, 

Your  painful  fervant 

Odober  the  pth,   1676.  to  command,  to  my  power,. 

Euv/ARD   Smith. 

■     "  Sir, 

I  have  always  one  half  down,  and  the  other  when  performed.  The  enclofed  is 
graved  upon  copper  and  filyer,  by  a  boy  that  is  but  14  years  old,  and  but  3  or  4 
days  practice,  Mr.  Urlin's  fon  the  goldfmith.  He  never  handled  a  graver  before  I 
begun  with  him.     I  took  it  off  from  his  graving  with  blacking." 

Towards  the  end  of  the  next  year,  he  feems  to  have  medi- 
tated a  journey  to  the  Continent,  a  defign  which,  I  beheve,  was 
never  executed.  About  the  fame  time,  he  recovered  from  the. 
fmall-pox ;  a  circumitance,  certainly  not  worth  mentioning, 
except  as  affording  an  inltance  of  the  great  dread  which  our 
anceflors  had  of  that  diforder;  the  recovery  from  which,  though 
now,  among  perfons  of  the  better  fort,  an  almoft  difregarded^ 
event,  formed  then  a  kind  of  era  in  a  man's  hfe.  This  is  fo 
ftrongly  exprelfed  in  the  following  letter  to  him  on  this  occafion, 
and  which  does  alfo  fo  much  credit  to  the  matter  and  the  fcholar, 
that  I  am  tempted  to  tranfcribe  it  : 

«  Sir, 

I  doe  not  doubt  but  you  have  a  great  many  friends  that  rejoice  with  you  at  your 
recovery  from  the  fmall-pox  ;  and  the  requeft  of  this  paper  is,  that  I  may  be  thought- 
one  of  the  number;  not  onely  becaufe  I  efteeme  you,  as  1  have  rcaibn,  my  very 
good  friend,  but  alfo  for  the  good  fignes  you  already  give  of  being  an  honeff  and 
fober  gentleman,  fuch  as  may  both  fupport  the  honour  of  your  faiaily,  and  promote, 
alfo  the  good  of  your  country;  and  therefore  no  man  that  loves  either  could  have 
been  vvillmg  to  have  loft  you.  You  are  now  paft,  Sir,  one  of  the  moft  dangerous- 
and  mifchievous  dilealcs  that  reigne  in  humane  bodyes,  and  that  ufually  fet  upon' 
men,  when  they  are  furtheft  removed  from  their  friends  -,  and  have  fiopt  the 
ret'irne  of  many  a  young  gentleman  beyond  the  leas,  when  his  hopes  and  fayles  have 
been  fpread  homeward.  And  though  the  defign  you  went  out  withail-  bei. 
as  I  heare,  layd  afuie,  yet  whenfoevcr  you  fhall  refume  the  defire  of  feeing  fofeigns 
countryes,  you  may  now  pafie  the  feas  with  a  great  deale  more  fecurity  to  ycurfclfe, 

and 


i6o  HISTORY    AND     A  N  T  I  Q^  U  I  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  HI. 

and  fatisfadlion  ro  your  friends.     But  before  that,  I  lieare  there  are  fome  hopes  of 
feeing  you  again  in  the  country,  when  I  hope  you  will  favour  with  your  company, 

S  I  R, 
Bury,  December  20,  Your  mofl:  affedtionate  fervant, 

1677.  Edw.  Leedes." 

On  the  8th  of  September,  1681,  he  married  Anne,  daughter 
of  John  lord  Berkley  of  Stratton,  at  Berkley,  now  Devonfhire, 
Houfe.  A  few  years  afterwards,  1684,  he  had  a  difpute  with 
his  mother-in-law,  Chriilian  lady  Berkley,  about  fomething 
more  than  I  cool,  which  he  claimed  in  right  of  his  wife.  This 
difpute  is  only  noticed,  for  the  manner  in  which  the  affair  was 
partly  compromifed  :  the  parties  agreed,  that  the  money  fhould 
be  put  into  an  iron  cheft,  or  ftrong  box,  and  there  locked  up  ; 
and  the  faid  cheft  or  box  lodged  in  the  chamber  of  Martin  Folkes, 
efquire,  in  Graye's  Inn,  and  the  key  delivered  to  Sir  Dudley 
Cullum  :  the  faid  money  there  to  remain,  until  it  fliould  be 
determined  by  the  judgement  of  the  high  court  of  chancery,  or 
of  fome  of  his  majefty's  courts  of  Weftminfter,  to  whom  the 
faid  money  of  right  belonged. 

For  feveral  years  he  relided  chiefly  at  his  feat  here,  being  re-, 
markably  fond  of  his  garden,  into  which  he  introduced  moft  of 
the  curious  exotics  that  were  then  known  in  England.  He 
fpeaks  in  particular,  in  1694,  of  his  orange  trees,  which  were 
then  much  lefs  common  here  than  they  are  at  prefent,  as  thriv- 
ing in  the  moft  luxuriant  manner.  His  green-houfe  was  58 
feet  long,  14  wide,  and  10  high.  He  correfponded  with  the 
philofophic  gardener  and  planter  Mr.  Evelyn,  who  diredled  his 
botanical  purfuits,  and  whofe  ftove  for  the  prcfervation  of 
green-houfe  plants  he  adopted.  Of  the  fuccefs  of  this  new 
invention  he  gave  Mr.  Evelyn  an  account  in  a  letter,  printed  in 
the  Philofopliical  Tranfadions  ',   and  at  the  end  of  Mr.  Evelyn's 

'    Vol.  XVIII.    N"    2  12. 

works. 


Chap.  III.]  OF        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  t6i 

works.  The  excellency  of  it  confiilcd  in  admitting  frefli  air 
into  the  green-honi'e  in  winter,  and  in  managing  that  air  in 
I'uch  a  manner  as  to  keep  up  the  fire  to  any  degree  of  heat-: 
a  contrivance,  fays  Sir  Dudley,  *'  which  has  certainly  more  per- 
*'  fe<ftion  than  ever  yet  art  was  before  matter  of;"  and  which 
had  highly  obliged  him,  and  "  all  the  loveis  of  this  hortulane 
*'   curiofity  and  recreation." 

To  one  end  of  the  green-honfe  adjoined  a  building  which  was 
called  the  Banqueting  Houfe^  the  foundation  of  which  wag.  wafhed 
on  two  iides  by  the  moat.  The  ground  room  (under  which  was 
a  cellar),  I  remember,  was  a  favourite  ftation  of  the  angler :  over 
that  was  the  feftive  apartment,  about  14  feet  fquare,  with  almoll 
as  much  glafs  as  a  lanthorn,  and  commanding  a  mod. cheerful 
•prorpeift.  This,  as  well  as  the  green-houle,  were  built,  I  ap- 
prehend, foon  after  the  year  1680. 

The  amufements  of  the  country  he  ill  -exchanged  for  the 
e^penfive  buftle  of  public  life  ;  landing,  in  1702,  with  Samuel 
•Barnardifton,  efq;  a  contefted  eleilion  for  the  county,  againft  the 
earl  of  Dyfart,  and  Sir  Robert  Davers,  baronet.  Lord  Dyfart 
and  he  were  returned;  lord  Dyfart  having  above  2200  votes; 
Sir  Dudley  Gullum  above  2100;  Sir  Pvobert  Davers  above  2000; 
and  Mr.   Barnardifton  about  1800  '. 

He  had  juft  before  lolt  his  only  brother  Thomas  Ctdlum^  who 
-died  a  batchelor,  and  for  whom  he  had  a  great  affection.  He 
had  been  educated  with  his  brother  at  Bury  School ;  and  in  June, 
1679,  was  admitted  a  fellow-commoner  of  Chrift's  College, 
Cambridge.  H£  appears  to  have  been  a  gentleman  of  lively 
.parts,  and  the  moft  amiable  manners.     -1  have  feveral  letters  to 

'  It  may  be  a  matter  of  curioftty  to  mention,  that  there  are  two  other  polls  for 
rthe  county  printed;  one  in  17 10,  when  Sir  Thomas  Hanmer  had  3433  votes; 
5ir-Robert  Davers  32;?3  •,  and  Sir  Philip  Parker,  2034.  1  he  other  iii  1727,  when 
Sir  Jermyn  Davers  had  3077  ;  Sir  William  Barker  23^63  ;  and  John  Holt  eiq.  2365. 

y  him 


162  HISTORY    AND    ANT  I QJJ  I  T  I  E  S        [Chap.  III,. 

him  from  his  accomphfhed  aunt,  Peregrine  Hanmer,  Mr.  Hervey, 
uftenvards  the  liril  earl  of  Bnrtol,  and  feveral  others,  full  of 
the  fprightliefl  fallies  of  wit,  and  of  the  moil  affedtionate  ex- 
preflions  of  friendship.  He  was  a  great  i^roficient  in  mufic  j 
and  a  molf  paihonate  admirer  of  the  fair  fex,  upon  one  of 
whom,  a  near  relation  of  his  friend  Mr,  Hervey's,  he  wrote 
volumes  of  profe  and  verfe,  which  are  perhaps  fome  of  the. 
lateft  inftances  of  thofe  enthnfiaflic  love  rhapfodies  which  our 
.  anceftors  fo  much  admired.  He  w^as  fometimes,  however.,  a  man 
of  bufmefs  ;  for,  15  Charles  II.  when  the  laity  granted  the  king 
fubfidies  for  carrying  on  the  war  againft  the  Dutch,  he  was  one. 
of  the  Commiffioners  for  the  hundred  of.  Thingo. 

Sir  Dudley,  in  about  a  year  after  the  death  of  his  lady  in  1709, 
married  Mrs.  Anne  Wicks ;  but  died,  without  iffue  by  either,  in  i 
1720;   leaving  his  eflate  x.o  Jafper  Culki7ny  to   whom  the  title,., 
upon  the  extincflion   of  the  elder  branch,   defcended.      1  have  a. 
good  miniature  in  oil  of  Sir  Dudley,  paft  his   prime,   in  a  large 
wig,   and  long  cravat. 

The  poors  rates  ftill  continued  extremely  moderate  :  the  village, 
indeed  was  not  fo  populous  as  it  is-  at  prefent ;  and  the  manerial 
houfe  probably  afforded  fome  relief  to  the  neceflifous.  But  the 
lownefs  of  the  rates  muft  not  be  attributed  to  thefe  caufes  only: 
the  Paupertatis  pudor  et  fuga  certainly  operated  at  that  time  more, 
forcibly  upon  the  lower  people,  than  at  prefent.  Scarcely  any 
relief  was  afforded,   except  in  ficknefs. 

In  1 68 1,  the  money  expended  for   the   poor   amounted  to 
13I.   8  s.   6d.  fome  of  the  articles  are: 

s.  d. 
Layd  out  for  woolen  and  bread  for  Edward  Goodwin's  burial  — —  7  6 
For  a  cheefe  for  the  funeral  —  — <  — .  — .13 

For  beer  at  the  funeral  —         —  —  —  —  26 

.  So  that  there  was  an  humble  banquet,  even  at  the  interment 
of  this  poor  man,  who  was  buried  at  the  expcnceof.  the  parifli. 

la 


Chap.  III.]  OF        H    A    W    S    T    E    a  i6^ 

In  1682,  only  3I.   9s.;  the  next  year,    il.    17s.  11  d.;   the 
next,  il.    17s.    3d.  Some  years   are  here  wanting.      In    1688, 
7I.   7s.   6d;   the  next,   61.   8s.;   the   next,    7I.    17^.   6d.;  the 
•next,    lol.   8  s.  4d.     The  accounts  are  nowvery  careleflly  kept. 

s.  d. 

25  Sept.  i6"5,  laid  out  for  Goody  Nunn  to  tlie  mountibanke  for  her  eyes   25  o 

1 1  Sept.  1697,  laid  out  for  i  dozen  cf  .patches  for  the  poor  —  36 

Sept.  17.00,  carried  the  widow  Snich  one y>^'-^  of  thorns  —~  12  o 

Difburfed  from  7  Dec,  1706,  to  21  April,  170.7  —         —     £•'^3     4  7 

Sir  ya/per  Cullmn  was  fon  of  John  Cullum,  of  London,  efq. 
the  fecond  fon  of  the  firft  baronet,  by  Anne  daughter  of  'I'homas 
Lawrence  of  Woodborough,  Wilts.  I  have  portraits  of  them 
both,  well  painted,  in  the  reign  of  William.  He  is  fitting  in  ati 
elbow  chair,  in  a  loofe  gown,  large  wig,  and  a  band  like  thofe 
worn  by  the  clergy  at  prefent;  fo  that  that  part  of  drefs  was  even 
then  continued  by  fome  old-fafliioned  people  ;  and  was  net,  as  it  is 
now,  peculiar  to  a  profeffion.  She  is  alfo  fitting;;  her  head 
built  up  with  one  of  thofe  narrow  lofty  caps,  peculiar  to  the  latter 
end  of  the  laft  century,  and  as  prepofterous  as  any  of  the  modern 
ones,  with  infinitely  lefs  elegance  ;  over  this  is  a  black  tranfparent 
hood,  tied  under  the  chin,  the  ends  of  which,  with  thofe  of  -the 
cap,  hang  down  before,  almoft  to  the  waift.  Her  countenance 
is  as  freQi  as  if  juft  painted.  Sir  Jafper  was  high  flierifF  of  the 
•Gounty  in  172a,  -when  Arundel  Coke,  efq.  was  executed  for 
maiming  and  disfiguring  Mr.  Crifpe  of  Bury.  The  unhappy 
<:onvi6t,  to  avoid  the  crowd  that  was  likely  to  attend  fuch  a 
fpedacle,  defired,  if  the  fli^riff  thought  there  were  no  hopes  of 
pardon,  to  fuffer  early  in  the  morning.  His  requeft  was  com- 
plied with.  And  it  fliould  feem  as  if  a  refcue  was  apprehended; 
for,  among  the  expences,  there  is  the  charge  of  two  guineas  for 
an  exraordinary  guard  to  attend  the  execution.  Sir  Jafper  died 
an  an  advanced  age  in  J754;  and  was  fucceeded  by  his  only  fon, 

Y  a  John 


1^4  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  CLU  I  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  III. 

"^ohn  Cullum^  who  received  fome  part  of  his  education  from 
Dr.  Defaguliers.  t^e  was  afterwards  of  the  Inner  Temple,  being 
defigned  for  the  pra6lice  of  the  law.  He  died  in  1774,  i^^'  ^^'^ 
75th  year,  whicli,  it  is  ibraething  remarkable,  was  an  earlier 
period  than  that  reached  by  his  three  immediate  anceftors.  Of 
his  marriages,  iffue,  and  chara^ler  (as  fome  others  before-men- 
tioned), fomething  may  be  feen  in  the  pedigree,  and  in  his 
epitaph. 

I  have  a  moft  ftriking  likeneis  of  him,  painted  at  the  latter  end 
of  life,  and  in  his  ufvial  fimphcity  of  drefs,  by  Mr.  Dance:  befide^ 
one  of  his  fecond  wife,  by  the  excelling  pencil  of  Angelica 
KaufFman,  whofe  good  lafte  chofe  to  reprefent  her  in  the  drefs 
fhe  ufually  wore,  as  more  becoming  a  perfon  advanced  in  life, 
than  any  fancied  drapery  or  ornaments.  The  fame  incomparable 
artift  executed  alfo  the  portrait  of  the  compiler  of  this  hiflory, 
in  his  clerical  habit,   and  with  a  book  in  his  hand. 

Sir 'John  Cullwn  \v^s  fucceeded  by  his  eldeft  fon  of  the  fam-e 
names,  who  is  now  recSlor  and  patron  of  tlie  church,  as  well  as 
lord  of  the  manor. 

The  other  principal  proprietors  are,  Sir  Thomas  Rookwood 
Gage,  baronet,,  whofe  niaternal  anceftors,  the  Rook  woods,  had 
lands  here,  at  lead  as  early  as.  the  reign  of  Henry  V.  Jofliua 
Grigby,  and  Chrillopher  Metcalfe,  efqrs.  The  latter,  re  ikies  here 
in  a  good  manfion,  which. he  almoft  rebuilt  in  1783,  of  white 
brickj  a  moft  elegant  and  durable  manufailur^,  for  fome  years 
carried  on  at  Woolpit,  about  ten  miles  off.  He  has  called  his  feat 
Hawjled  Farm-,  formerly  The  Walnut,  I'ree. 

It  now  remains^to  fa^y  fomething  of  the  prefent  ftate  of  this 
place  :  but  the  article  of  agriculture  will  include  the  chief  that 
can  be  advanced  on  that  fubje6l.  I  fliall  therefore  now  throw 
together  a  fe,w  mifcellancous  particulars. 


Chap,  in.]  OF        H     A    W    S     T    E.   D.  165 

Of  the  population,   and  the  poor. 

I  have  already  taken  notice  ot  the  populoufnels  of  this  place, 
14  Edward  I.  near  500  years  ago;  when,  to  judge  from  the 
number  of  melTuages,  it  was  probably  not  much  inferior  to  that 
at  preient.  At  that  period,  almoft  all  the  land  was  tinder  tillage. 
By  de2,rees,v  as  will  be  hereafter  fliewn,  pafture-grovinds,  and 
thofe  ill-cultivated,  increafed  very  con liderably  ;  this  caufe,  with 
frequent  wars>  and  two  parks  formed  in  the  beginning  of  the 
1 6th  century,   certainly  contributed  to  depopulation. 

I  have  no   further  lights  to  conduit  me  ia  this  refearch  till 
the  year  1 55 8,.  w^hen  the  paiifli  regitter  begins.      From  this  I 
have  eXtracSled  the  following  five  feries   of  twenty   years   each, , 
with  the  refpeitive  number  of  the  baptifms  and  burials   in  each; 
period.. 


Years. 

Baptifms. 

BurialSi 

IS59   —   1578 

113 

6.6. 

1620   —   1642 ' 

I  24 

104  - 

1688   —  1707 

153- 

119  = 

1730  —  1749 

'187- 

11 1 

1762   —   178  I 

243 

158 

If  thefe'  records  have  been  accurately  kept  (and  1  fee  no  reafon 
to  fuppofe  the  contrary),  the  above  ftatement  will  prove,  that  the 
ntumber  of  the  inhabitants  of  this  village  has  been  doubled  in 
200  years.      However,  I  lay^  no  ftrefs  upon  the  two  firft  feries',  , 
producing  them  only  as  matter  of  curiofity  ;   but  upon  the  third  i 
and  laft,   which  are  of  the  greatefl  confequence,  I  can  fafely  rely.  . 
From   the    characfler   of  the    recStor,   during   the    firft  of  thofe 
periods,    and   from  his  minuting  down  feveral  little  matters  in  • 
the  regifter,   there  can  be  no  doubt  of  his.exaitnefs.     For  the 
laft  I  can  anfwcr  myfelf.     By  comparing  thefe  two  together,  it. 

*  Three  years,  in  this  feries  are  wanting  i(i  the  regifler. 

af)pearsi 


166  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  IIL 

appears  that  the  baptilms  in  the  laffc  are  to  thofe  in  the  firft, 
uearly  as  five  to  three.  With  this  proportion  agrees  the  number 
of  communicants,  or  of  thofe  above  i  6  years  of  age,  at  different 
periods.  It  is  noted  in  the  regifler,  that  in  the  year  1706^ 
there  were  174;  in  1723,  175;  and  in  1783,  when  I  laft 
numbered  the  inhabitants,  there  were  261  above  that  age. 

In  the  courfe  of  i  3  years  1  have  taken  three  numerations. 
In  1770,  there  were  346;  in  1777,  386;  in  1783,  415;  ^o 
t'nat  in  that  period  the  inhabitants  have  increafed  69,  or  one 
fifth  of  the  firft  number ;  an  increafe  as  v/onderful  as  it  is 
indubitable. 

The  medium  of  the  above  three  numerations  is  382.  The 
number  of  deaths  for  tlie  laft  14  years,  from  1770  to  [783,  is 
119,  which,  upon  an  average,  is  ratlier  more  than  8  in  a  year;  fo 
that  about  i  in  47  dies  annually,  which  is  about  a  mean  pro- 
portion in  country  villages.  Of  the  119,  33  have  died  under 
2  years  of  age;  13  above  70;  7  above  80;  and  2  above  90. 
During  the  above  period,  188  have  been  born  ;  89  males,  and 
99  females. 

The  num.ber  of  hotrfes  in  1783  was  52,  which  is,  as  near  as 
can  be,  8  to  a  houfe  '  ;  however,  1 2  of  thefe  are  what  are  called 
double  tenements,  that  is,  divided  into  two  parts  for  two  families  ; 
and  3,  treble  tenements;  adding  therefore  18  to  52,  we  may 
call  tlie  whole  number  of  houfes  70  ;  and  then  each,  upon  an 

And  this  is  nearly  the  proportion  in  the  contiguous  parifh  of  Horninglheath  ; 
and  I  believe  in  many  others  in  the  neighboi-irhood.  As  a  magiftrate,  I  have  fre- 
quent opportunities  of  knowing  how  the  cottages  of  the  poor  fwarni  with  inha- 
bitants ;  and  with  what  difficulty  the  overleers  provide  dwellings  for  thofe  that 
belong  to  their  parifli.  Nay,  fometimcs  they  aie  obliged,  for  want  of  room, 
to  grant  them  certificates,  empowering  them  to  live  dfewhere-  So  that  allowing, 
that  fome  cottages  have  been  pulled  down  of  late  years,  it  was  not,  that  they  were 
uninhabited,  but  unprofitable  eftafes  -,  and  thofe  that  remain  arc  crammed  with  in- 
mates to  a  degree,  of  which  clofet  calculators  hav^  never  dreamed. 

5  average. 


Chap.  III.]  O    F        H     A     \Y    S    T    E    D.  167 

average,    will   contain  a  family  of  6  perfons,   which  is  a  good 
complement. 

Of  the  above  52  honfes,  with  their  divifions  and  fubdiviiions, 
only  35  were,  in  1783,  inferted  in  the  duplicate  of  the  parochial 
furveyoFS  of  the  window-lights.  Upon  the  fight  of  v/hich,  and 
allowing  6  perfons  to  a  houfe,  a  ftranger  would  conclude,  that 
this  village  did  not  contain  many  more  than  200  inhabitants; 
fo  little  depen<lance  is  there  upon  thefe  documents. 

Inflating  the  increafe  of  population  in  this  place,  I  have  no 
particular  hypothefis  to  ferve.  I  merely  fet  down  fads.  Let 
abler  political  arithmeticians  apply  them  in  their  full  extent. 
Yet,  from  the  above  furvey,  I  confefs,  I  do  not  find 'myfelf  funk 
into  fuch  defpondency,  as  ta  think  that  the  nation  is  decreafed  a 
million  and  a  half  of  Inhabitants  within  a  century,,  and  is  now 
reduced  to  four  millions  and  a  half. 

And  here  I  cannot  help  expreffing  fome  furprife,  though  the 
population  of  the  kingdom  in  general  is  of  the  greateft  con- 
fequence  to  the  Hate,  and  has  exercifed  the  pens  of  able  cal- 
culators, who  have  differed  from  one  another  in  a  manner  almoft 
incredible,. yet  that  government  fhould  ftill  continue  inadlive  in 
the  difpute,  which  it  might  clofe  with  fo  much  eafe.  If,  for 
inftance,  in  the  year  1780,  When  the  billiops  received  the  king's 
commands  to  procure  from  the  clergy  a  lift  of  the  Papifts  in  their 
refpedlive  pariflies,  they  had  been  alfo  commanded  to  require 
the  number  of  the  inhabitants;  thefe  returns  would  have  been 
as  fatisfadory  as  the  former,  and  fettled  a  point  of  the  firft  im- 
portance in  a  fliorttime,  and  with  little  difficulty.  If  there  be 
good  reafon  to  fuppofe,  that  the  more  chearful  and  fanguine  cal- 
culators are  alfb  the  moil:  accurate  ;  why  not  afcertain  a  fa6t,  that, 
muft  make  every  friend  to  this  country  rejoice,  and  every  enemy 
tremble  ?  but  if  the  more  gloomy  and  defponding  ones  be  right ; 

why 


,(?8  HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S        [Chap.  IIT. 

Avliy  not  make   us  acquainted  with  our  confumptive  condition, 
that  we  may  try  every  remedy  for  our  rehef  ? 

As  to  the  increafed  population  of  this  village,  it  is  hot  diffi- 
cult to  account  for  it.  It  has  taken  place  entirely  among  the 
labouring  people  ;  and  that  is  owing  to  the  farmers  employing 
ih  many  more  hands  than  they  formerly  did:  for  a  farmer  that 
ulbd  to  manage  his  farm  with,  the  help  of  a  man  and  a  boy,  will 
now  employ  on  the  fame  farm  double  that  number,  or  more  : 
not  that  he  difJains  to  labour  with  his  own  hands ;  but  that  he 
bellows  upon  his  lands  a  cultivation  double  of  what  he  formerly 
did.  Now,  the  more  fervants  he  keeps,  the  more  will  gain  fettle- 
ments,  marry,  and  contribute  to  ftock  the  place  with  inhabitants. 
It  is  therefore  an  improved  agriculture  which  has  increafed  the 
population  here,;  and  muft  i^roduce  the  fame  efFecfl  wherever  it 
is  practifed. 

As  the  increafe  of  population  has  taken  place  among  the 
labourers,  we  partly  fee  the  reafon  of  the  increale  of  the  poors 
rates,  which  have  of  late  rifen  to  a  very  ferious  height,  though 
the  Gnildball  has  been  for  fome  years  converted  into  a  work-houfe, 
\vher<;  the  poor  are  fupported  in  a  cheaper,  as  well  as  a  much 
more  comfortable  manner,  than  they  ufcd  to  be  in  their  own 
wretched  and  filthy  cottages.  For  fome  years  after  1724,  the 
rates  continua:!  under  lol.  a  year;  and  never  exceeded  30 1.  till 
.1735  5  from  which  period,  by  fluctuating  advances,  they  reached 
50I.  for  the  hrit  time  in  1758;  in  1767,  they  exceeded  lool.; 
in  1774,  they  role  to  above  i  50I.  from  which  time  to  the  prefent 
they  have,   upon  an  average,  ftood  at  about  that  height. 

In  what  degree  this  increafe  of  the  poors  rates  ought  to  be 
attributed  to  the  increafe  of  the  poor,  is  a  nice  matter  to  deter- 
mine. Thofe  who  have  not  perhaps  bellowed  vipon  this  point 
all  the  confideration  it  deferves,  and  who  feel  the  weight  of  this 
heavy  tax,  fay,  that  there  is  a  relaxation  of  induftry  among  the 

lower 


Chap.  III.]  OF        11    A    W    S    T    E    D.  169. 

lower  people,   who    are  improvident  for  the  future,  depending 
upon  parochial  fupport,   to  which  they  have  recourfe  frequently 
upon  inadequate  occafions  ;   and  that  this  is  the  fole  caufe  of  the 
increafed  rates.      There  is  doubtlefs  fome  truth  in  this  ;   and  it  is 
further  certain,   that  there  is  one  fpur  to  induftry  lefs  than  for- 
merly,  which  is,   that  fcruple  and  delicacy  which  the  poor  ufed 
to  have  in  applying  for  relief:  they  now  often  demand  affiftance 
with  a  confidence  unknown  in  former  times,  which  the  old  poor 
do  not  aifume,   and  of  which  they  are  alhamcd  in  the  younger 
ones.      This  behaviour  is  a  feature  in  the  charader  of  the  prefent 
age,   which  feems  to  aim  at  abolilliing  all  fubordination  and  de- 
l)eiidance  ',   and  redui^ing  all  ranks  as  near  to  a  level  as  poflible. 
But  fuch  conduct  cannot  fail  of  being  extremely  mortifying  and 
iriitating  to  thole   who  are  fupporting  them  by  whom  they  are 
infulted,   and  who  frequently  work    harder  themfelves  than  the 
very  perfons  they    relieve.      But,  after  making  every  proper   al- 
lowance  of    this    fort,   I    cannot    but   be    of    opinion,    that  the 
increafed  number  of  the  poor  is  a  circumllance  by  no  means  to 
be  omitted  by  thofe  who  are  contemplating  the  increale  of  the 
rates  that  are  to  fupport  them.      If  more  than  one  hundred  per- 
fons have,   as  I  am  confident  is  the  cafe,   been  added  to  the  poor 
of  this    village  within  the  laft  thirty,   perhaps  twenty,   years  ; 
the  common  accidents  and  calamities  attending   fuch  an  increafe 
muft  neceflTarily,   without  any  other  caufe,   have  brought  upon 
the  parilli  a  very  great  additional  charge. 

'  Of  this  there  was  a  very  ftriking  proof,  while  rhefe  (heets  were  in  the  prefs. 
Till  now,  there  ufed  to  be  a  clofe  connexion  between  the  landlord  and  the  tenant ; 
the  latt-er  looking  up  to  the  former  as  his  patron,  and  defirous  of  fhewing  him  every 
mark  of  attachment  and  refpeft  -,  but  in  the  contefled  eledtion  for  the  county,  in 
April  1784,  when  feveral  gentlemen  canvafied  their  tenants,  they  found  they  had 
already  engaged  their  firft  votes,  and  wrre  even  denied  their  fecond.  How  far  this 
revolution  of  manners  may  be  produftive  cf  n.nion;il  benefit,  may,  I  think,  juftly 
admit  of  a  doubt. 

Z  But 


170  HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S        [Chap.  III. 

But  if  an  improved  agriculture  has,  in  fome  meafure,  con- 
tributed to  produce  this  evil ;  has  it  not  alfo,  it  may  be  afked, 
brought  with  it,   in  fomc  meafure,'  an  ability  to  fupport  it? 

1  could  not  help  throwing  out  thefe  few  loofe  hints  on  a  fub- 
je£l  {o  interefting  to  humanity  ;  and  which  is  certainly  of  fuch 
magnitude  as  to  claim  the  ferious  attention  of  the  legiflature. 

The  common  employment  of  the  poor  women  and  children 
within  doors,  is  fpinning  yarn  ;  by  which  the  moft  induftrious 
perfon  has  not  of  late  years  been  able  to  earn  6d.  a  day. 


Some  words  and  expressions  used  in  this  place, 

AND     the    neighbourhood. 

■     Jfeard;  afraid.     Saxon. 

I  a'nt  avifedof  it.     I  am  ignorant  of  it;  cannot  recol!e<fl  it.     S'avrfcr;  French. 

A  Balk.     A  (lip  of  grafs,  left  by  the  plough,  as  a  divifion,  or  boundary. 

A  Bargain.  A  parcel ;  an  indefinite  quantity.  As,  I  have  a  good  bargain  of 
corn  this  year;  a  good  bargain  oi  iambs. 

Battlings.     The  croppings  of  trees,  larger  than  faggot  flicks,  yet  lefs  than  timber. 

Bcgcne.  Worn,  decayed.  As  the  thatch  is  lamentably  begone.  So  Shakfpeare, 
Woe  begone. 

What  a  blaring  you  keep  !  fays  a  mocher  to  her  crying  child.  Applied  alfo  to  the 
noife  of  cows  and  flieep. 

A  Bumbay.  A  quagailre,  from  ftagnating  water,,  dung,  See.  fuch  as  is  often  feen 
in  farm-yards. 

The  Buck  of  a  cart  or  waggon.     The  body. 

A  Bunny.     A  fwelling  from  a  blow. 

To  call  a  ftone,  &c.  to  throw. 

Chovee.  A  fmall  beetle,  of  a  bright  chefnut  colour,  and  with  a  green  gilded  head 
and  corfelet. 

Cohered.     Unfound  ;  applied  to  timber. 

To  crack  or  crake  of.     To  boaft  of. 

Ethiops  of  their  fweet  complexion  crack.    Shakefpear.    Love's  Labour  Loft. 

Two  good  haymakers 

Worth  twenty  crakers.         Tufler. 

A  Baufey-hcaded  fellow.     Giddy,  thoughtlefs. 

Deathfmear.     An  undefcribed  diforder  that  carries  off  infants. 

I  am  quite  dilver'd,  fays  a  nurfe  worn  out  with  watching  and  attendance.  In 
Germany  the  nurfes  throw  dill-water  on  the  beds  of  fick  perfons,  for  whom  they 
want  to  procure  reil. 

To  ding.     The  fame  as  czil. 

1  A  Dcoke 


Chap.  III.]  O    F        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  171 

A  Booh  or  Doke.  A  fmall  hollow  in  a  level  board  :  fd  an  imperfeftion  in  a 
fchool-boy's  marble  is  called  a  doke. 

I  have  fuch  a  pain  in  my  head  and  ears  that  I  am  almoft  dunt ;  numb,  ftupified. 
Spoken  alfo  of  a  (heep,  that  goes  moping  from  a  diforder  in  the  head.  How  you 
dnnt  me  !  fays  a  mother,  to  her  noify  child. 

We  are  in  Eknion  to  have  a  bad  harveft  this  year. 

Things  are  in  EkSfion  to  be  very  dear.     Likely. 

The  bees  are  elvifi  to-day  ;  irritable,  fpiteful. 

To  fay  or  fey  a  pond  or  ditch.     To  clean,  by' throwing  the  mud  out  of  it. 
Such  muddy  deep  ditches,  and  pits  in  the  field. 
That  all  a  dry  fummer  no  water  will  yield  -, 
By  feyingf  and  calling  that  mud  upon  heaps, 
Commodities  many  the  hufbandman  reaps.  Tuflfer. 

Flags.  The  furface  of  heaths  or  commons,  pared  off,  to  lay  garden  vfalks,  &c. 
with.     So  flags  of  ftone  for  paving  foot-paths. 

Fog.  Coarfe  grafs  in  meadows,  which  the  cattle  do  not  willingly  eat,  before  it 
be  frod-bitten. 

I'ond.     Faint  or  fulfome ;  applied  to  fmell  or  tade. 

Every  Foot  anon.     Every  now  and  then. 

Frawn.     Frozen. 

Such  a  field  lies  Gain  for  me  ;  conveniently.  I  bought  fuch  a  thing  pretiy  gain -y 
at  a  reafona^le  price. 

Sand-Galls ;  fpots  of  fand  in  a  field  where  water  oozes,  or,  as  we  fay,  fpews  up  : 
and  lands  where  fuch  fpots  are  frequent,  are  called  galty  lands. 

Geer  is  a  word  of  univerfal  application ;  as  doctor's  geer,  means  apothecary's 
medicines. 

Glum.     Gloomy,  fulky  -,  fpoken  of  a  perfon. 

Gofe.     A  ftack  or  mow  of  corn.     Tuffer,  among  the  articles  of  hufbandry  fur- 
niture, mentions  a  gofe  ladder.     He  ufes  alfo  gove  and  govin^  ; 
In  goving  at  HarveR,  learn  (kilfully  how 
Each  grain  for  to  lay  by  itfelf  on  the  mow; 
Seed  barley  the  purefl  gove  out  of  the  way. 
All  other  nigh  hand  gove  jufl  as  ye  may. 

He's  all  a  Gore  cf  blood.     Blood  runs  plentifully  from  his  wound. 

A  Gotch.     A  jug,  or  big-bellied  mug. 

A  Grey  parfon.     A  layman,  who  hires  the  tithes  of  the  parfon. 

A  Grip.     A  fiiallow  drain  to  carry  water  off  the  roads,  ploughed  fields,  8cc, 

A  Hake.     A  pot-iron. 

Hinder  he  goes.     Yonder. 

Hockey.     The  merry-making  of  the  reapers  after  harveft. 

Hull.     The  hufk  of  a  nut;  and  fliell  of  a  pea. 

Hulver.     The  Saxon  word  for  Holly,  commonly  ufed. 

A  Jag.  A  parcel,  or  load  of  any  thing,  whether  on  a  man's  bark,  or  in  a  carri^^e  '. 

An  Inder  ^India),  a  great  quantity.  I  have  laid  an  indcr  of  loads  of  gravel  in 
my  yard.     He  is  worth  an  indcr  of  money. 

'  See  p.  i6j. 

Zz  A  Job. 


172  HISTORY    AND    ANTI  Q^U  1  T  I  E  S         [Chap.  III. 

A  7^51^.  A  piece  work  undertaken  bj'  a  labourer,  at  a  certain  price,  and  which 
he  finifhes  at  his  own  time.     He  is  then  laid  to  work  by  the  Job. 

A  Jounce.  A  jouh,  a  fhock,  or  fliaking  bout;  To,  z  jouncing  trot;  hard,  rough, 
f^nr  fhake"!  the  bone?.  Shaklpeare  lias  jauncc  and  Jauncing,  in  the  fame  fenfe.  See 
Malone's  Supplement,  V.I.  p.  26').  Mow  many  words  in  Shakfpeare  might  be 
explained  in  the  farn.cr's  kitchen  ! 

Lanih  Storms.  So  tlx  fl:epherds  call  the  ftorms  that  happen  about  the  time  that 
lambs  fall. 

/f^/ weather ;  dull,  wet,  nad)-. 

A  Lift.  A  gate  uitliout  hinges.  The  two  ends  of  it  reft  in  mortiles  in  the  two 
ports,  out  of  which  it  is  occafionally  lifted,  as  in  harvelt  time,  &c. 

He's  a  Limb  fvr  inllchitf ;  much  addided  to  it.  A  Limb  for  apple  pye;  a  de- 
vourer  of  it. 

A  Linh.     Some  woods  in  this  neighbourhood  are  fo  called  ;  as  the  Link,  at  Rufli- 
,brcok;  Drir.kflon  Link. 

A  Loop  of  pale?,  is  as  much  as  fills  up  the  fpace  between  two  pofls.- 

Matiiker.  Girl.   A  word  long  peculiar  to  this  county. 
No  fooner  a  fowing,  but  our,  by  and  by, 
With  mother  or  boy,  that  alarum  can  cry.         TufTen 

A  Mort  of  people,  &c.  a  great  number. 

A  Mortal,  or  mortation,  quantity  of  any  thing  ;  very  great. 

Mummy,  corrupted  from  mamma. 

'Nation.     The  lame  as  mortal,  and  mortation. 

To  Owe,  is  ufed  in  the  fenfe  of,  to  own,  poffefs.     So  Shakfpeare : 

W'hat  art  thou,  that  keepft  me  out  from  the  hoiifc  I  owef  Com.  of  Errors.  A. III.  S.F. 

I  am  not  worthy  of  the  wealth  I  oive.       All's  Well  that  Ends  Well.  A.  I.  S.  V. 

Pack-rag  Day.     Michaelmas  Day,  when  fervants  remove  with  their  bundles. 

Paved.     Spoken  of  dirty  clay  roads,  that  arc  become  dry  and  paflable. 

Tlamhers.  The  floor  of  a  room,  from  the  French.  Drayton  ufes  the  word  :  and 
Shakfpeare  has  p'anched  gate,  that  is,  made  of  boards. 

A  fore  Plot.     Spot  or  place. 

Priming  a  tree,  is  pruning  it. 

Pulling-umc.  1  he  evening  at  fairs ;  when  the  young  fellows  pull  and  haul  the 
girls,  to  get  them  into  alehoufes. 

Purely  well;  in  good  health. 

I'm  almoft  quackled;   choaked,  fuffocated,  as  with  fmoak,  or  any  ftrong  vapour. 

Od  rabbet  it.     An  oath;   not  of  the  angrielt. 

Raffle,  or  raffling  pole  ;  ufed  to  ftir  the  fcwel  in  an  oven. 

Rafty  morning.     Cold  and  damj). 

Ranney.     Shrew  moufe.     Mus  araneus. 

He  fpends  every  thing  he  can  rap  and  rend ;  lay  his  hands  on. 

You  (han't  run  your  rig  upon  ?ne ;  affront  by  a  continuance  of  rude  and  infulting 
behaviour. 

Ro-juens.     The  crop  of  grafs  after  mowing. 

He 


€haf.  III.]  OF         H    A     W     S     T    E    D.  173; 

He  begins  to  fag.     To  decline  in  his  health. 

Sales.  Times  or  feafons.  You  don't  mind  being  out  all  fala  of  the  night. 
Rayfiile  and  Bar/ale,  is  haymaking  and  barking-  time. 

A  Say;  a  tafle,  chiefly  a  relithing  one  :  as  cattle,  that  have  broken  into  a  piece 
of  corn,  and  can  fcarcely  afterwards  be  kept  out  of  it,  are  faid  to  have  gotten  a 
fay  of  it.  Shakfpeare  ufes  this  word  in  the  fenfe  of  a  fample,  tafle;  in  King  Lear, 
A.  V.  S.  III. 

—         —         Thy  tongue  fome  fay  of  breeding  breathes. 

See  Mr.   Sceevens's  note  there. 

Sear  wood;  dry,  dead.  Saxon.  This  word  often  occurs  in  Shakfpeare.  The  woodr^ 
ftealers  always  tell  you  they  never  take  any  h\.\\.fear  wood. 

Sbim.     Scima,  Saxon.    Splendor.     The  white  mark  in  a  horfe's  forehead. 

Sibberige.     Banns  of  matrimony. 

Silt.     Sand  and  dime  left  on  meadows  by  a  flood. 

Shruff.     Light  rubbifli  wood,  which  hedgers,  &c.  claim  as  their  perquifite. 

Skep.  A  wicker  bafket,  wider  at  top  than  at  bottom,  with  two  handles  at  top».. 
So  alfo  a  fkep  of  bees. 

Slappy  bread  ;  not  baked  enough. 

Slop.     The  underwood  in  a  wood, 

' Shid,  Sludge.     Mud,  mire. 

Snajh.     Snuff  of  a  candle. 

A  Sort.     A  great  many  ;  as,  a  fort  of  people  ;  ufed.by  Shakfpeare,  Spenfer,  &g=  . 

Spalt.     B.nttle.    Applied  to  timber. 

Spit-deep.     The  depth  of  a  fpade.  So  fpitteJ,  for  dug.. 

Spoiig.     A  narrow  flip  of  land. 

I  was  never  {ojlam'd  in  my  life  ;  amazed,  confounded.  Spoken  by  a  fellow  who 
thought  he  had  feen  a  perfon  walking,  who  had  been  buried. 

A  Stank.     A  dam  to  flop  water. 

Stover;  &^y  food  for  cattle,  except  grain,  which,  I  think,  is  never  fo  called. 
Turfy  mountains,  where  live  nibbling  fheep. 
And  flat  meads,  thatch'd  withy?owr,  them  to  keep,     Tempeft,  A.  IV.  S.I;, 

He  has  waited  a  good  Stound.    Some  time. 

To  Stry ;  deflroy,  fpoil.    var.  dial. 

To  Swop.  To  exchange. 

He  takes  on  forely  for  him.     Grieves  very  much. 

A  Tidy  body.    /\n  adtive,  cleanly  perfon.     A  good  recommendation  of  a  fervaoti, 

A  good  Tidy  crop  of  corn ;    good    in  a  fufhcient  degree.     Tufler,  who  was  a . 
Suffolk  farmer,  ules  it  in  the  following  pafl"age,  for,  in  good  condition  ; , 
If  weather  be  fair,  and  tidy  thy  grain, 
Make  fpeedily  carriage  for  fear  of  a  rain. 

Tile-fhard\  a  piece,  or  fragment  of  a  tile.  A  very  common  word  among  brick- 
layers. So  potfloard,  a  piece  of  broken  pot,  occurs  feveral  times  in  fcripture.  Job 
took  a  potfoard  to  fcrape  himfelf  withall. 

•He  lies  by  the  wall;  is  dead.  Spokea  of  a  perfon  between  the  time  of  his  death 
and  burial. 

A  IVmnel.     A  calf  weaned.     Tufl"cr  has  the  word  oftner  than  once. 

A  Whelm.. 


174  U  I  S  1"  O  R  Y     AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  Ilf; 

A  TJ-'helm.     Half  a  hollow  tree, .  laid  nnder  a  gate-wa)',  for  the  water  to  run 
through.     A  bad  fubftiture  for  a  brick  srch. 

To  IVindrow,  is,  when  grafs'  has  been  tur,  fpread,  and  partly  dried,  to  rake  it 
into  rczos,  and  fo  make  it  hay,  by  expofiag  it'thoroughly  to  the  wind  and  fun. 

A  JVoodfp-ite.     A  '.voodpecker. 
<  ^ffufuijr.     Very  great.     The  fame  aS- mortal,  mortation,  and  nation. 


CHAP.         IV. 


Of  the  value  and  cultivation  of  land,  with  some 
other  incidental  particulars. 


A 


S  this  village  exhibits  no  traces  of  any  intrenchment  or  for- 
tification, either  Britilb,  Roman,  or  Danifii  ;  nor  of  any 
military  road  palling  through  it :  as  it  could  never  boafl  of  a 
-caftle,  immortalized  by  its  lieges,  or  the  brilliant  atchievements 
of  its  poffeffors :  as  no  telTelated  pavement,  military  weapons, 
or  pot  of  ancient  coins,  were  ever  difcovered  in  it— -its  humble 
hiftorian  mull  be  contented  to  record  the  revolutions  in  its  culture, 
the  employments  of  the  farmer,  and  the  labours  of  the  horfe 
and  ox.     Nor  does  he  difdain  this  furvey  and  delineation  of  rural 

life; 

Hanc  olim  veteres  vitam  coluere  Sabini, 

Hanc  Renuis  et  frater ;  fie  fortis  Hetru;  ia  crevit 

Scilicet,  et  rerunn  fafta  eft  pulcherrima  Roma.  Virg. 

In  the  time  of  Edward  the  Confeffor,  and  of  the  Conqueror, 
Havvfted,  as  we  learn  from  Domefday,  was  worth  4I.  a  year, 
which  is  about  a  halfpeny  an  acre,  according  to  real  menfuration. 
It  was  then  faid  to  contain  13  carucates,  or  about  1300  acres  of  ^ 
arable  land ;  1 6  acres  of  meadow ;  and  wood  for  3  porcaries. 
In  this  account,  the  paftures  bear  a  prodigioufly  fmall  proportion  ' 

to 


Chap.  IV.l  OF        H     A     W    S    T     E    D.  lyi 

to  the  arable  land  ;  but  at  that  period,  and  long  after,  the  cul- 
tivation of  corn  was  the  grand  objedt  of  agriculture  :  for  though 
fome  of  the  more  powerful  and  wealthy  men  may  have  had 
their  larders  well  flored  with  meat,  and  hecatombs  of  beafts 
were  llaughtered  for  fome  of  their  banquets,  yet  bread  mull:  have 
conftituted  a  much  greater  part  of  the  general  diet,  than  it  does 
at  prefent.  Even  the  days  of  abitinence,  at  all  periods  before 
the  Reformation,  muft  have  leffened  the  confumption  of  animal 
food,   and  incrcafed  that  of  vegetable. 

I  have  in  my  poffefiion  a  leafe  of  the  13th  century,  Which 
rates  the  value  of  land  higher  than  I  expected.  The  land  lay 
not  indeed  in  Hawftcd,  but  in  Nowton  ;  but  as  that  is  a  con- 
tiguous village,  and  the  ground  there  of  much  the  fame  nature 
as  here,  I  think  I  may  fairly  make  ufe  of  it ;  efpecially  as  its 
antiquity  makes  it  alfo  a  curio'lity.  '■ 

Sciant  prefentes  ^t  futuri  quod  ego  Bartholb'meus  filiiis  -  -  -  -  de  fanfto  Edmundo' 
concefll  et  dimifi  Wi\mo 'I'rghe  pro /ex  fciidis  quos  mihi  dedit  pre  manibus,  V/w»J-' 
acr{7s  tern-  in  villa  de  NeuEuh,  fcilicei:  de  ilia  terra  quam^teneo  de  aula  de  Neutunj, 
jacentes  inter  terras  qiias  dimifi  Roberto  et  Ricardo  Glowcefter,  abuttantes  ad  iinum 
caput  fuper  terram  Roberti  de  Neutun  verfus  orientem,  tenendas  et  babendas  de  me 
et  he-edibus  mers  f idem  Waltero  ct  heredibus  vel  luis.  afiignacis  a  fePio  fanfti  Mi- 
chacHs  prcxime  pofl  obitum  Lodcwici  regis  Francie  nfque  in  terminufn  fex  amwrum 
feqv.entium.     Et  ego  et  heredes  mei  v^^arunrizabimus  prefato  Waltero  et  heredibus, 
vel  iuis  aflignatis  prediftam  terram  ufque  in  terminum  prediftum.     Et  fi  ita  aliquo* 
cafu  contingjt  quod  ego  Bartholomeus  vel  heredes  mei  non   poffimus  waruntizare 
predi(ft-;m  terram  preditto  Waltero  et  heredibus  vel  fuis  affignatis,  ego  Bartholomeus, 
vel  heredes  .mei  tradenuis  predifto  Waltero  et  heredibus  fuis  five  afTignatis  tantam  ' 
terram  in  alio  loco  ejufdem  precii,  fcilicet  de  terra  que   rnihi  eecidit  hereditarie  de  ' 
feodo  patris  mei  in  campis  fanfli  Edmundi,  tenendaai  et  haber.dam  predifto  Waltero 
et  heredibus  fuis  vel  fuis  afilgnatis  ufque  ad  prediftum   terminum.     Ad  finem  vero 
fex  annorum  predidtorum  recipiam  ego  vel  heredes  mei   prediftam  terram  ir.eam  a 
predidto  Waltero  et  fui^,  {ine  omni  malo  ingenio.lulutam  et  quietam.     Hanc  autem 
convenciohem  firmiter  figie'dolo  tenendam  pro  nobis  et.pro  heredibus  noflris  utriquc 
affidavimus  ;  et  ad  majorem  fecurltatem  figilla  noflra  fcriptis  noltris  hinc  inde  appoi- 
fuimus.    Hiis,  tcuibus  Ricardo  deLagare,  Nicholao  filioAlgari,  Thonia.Aurifabro,.. 
Johanne  delanfto  Albano,  Henrico  filio  Stephani  Aurifabri,  Adam  Hovel,  Robertpdfiii 
Neutun,  et  Waltero  filioejus,  et  aliis  '. 

•  It  may  at  firft  fight  feem  foniething  ftrange,  that  many  artcient 'deeds,  of  no  great  .confelqii^snce^, 
flioiild  be  attefted  by  lo  many  vvitneffes.    'B.iit  it  may  beaccoititcd  for  frani  (heir  bsiog  tsft'^uted  at  ■ 
courts,  and  other  public  meetings.  -   •.!  i   ;  >  ,     ,  ..  . 

Ikre 


O  6  HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S         [Chnp.  IV, 

Here    arc    two    ucrcs  of  arable    land  let  for  6  years,   for  6s. 
"which  i^  6(1.   an  acre  annual  rent;   indeed  it  lliould  be  eftimated 
at  rather  more,   as  the  whole  fum  was  advanced  at  firtl:.      The 
leafe    is    of  the   utmoft    ilmplicity,    without    any    claufes    about 
culture.   Sec.   The  landlord  warrants  the  two  acres  to  the  tenant, 
or  two  others  of  equal  value,  and  the  tenant  engages  to  give  them 
up,   at  the   ejcpiration    of  the    term,   ireely    and    peaceably,  fnie 
omni  nialo  ingenio.      They  pledge  therafelves  to  each  other  lor 
the  due  performance  of  the  contract,  and  for  the  greater  fecurity 
let  their  feals,   in  the  prefence  of  eight  perfons  who  are  named, 
belides  others.      The   date   from    which    the    leafe  was  to  com- 
mence,    is    fomething   remarkable.       The    cuttom    of    affixing 
dates  to  deeds  was   not  become  general   in   the   reign  of  Henry 
III.   and    the    prefent  date,  inftead    of  being  that  of  the  reign 
of    the  Englifli   monarch,   is   that  of   the   death   of   Louis   the 
French   king.      This    was  probably  Louis  the   IXth,  afterwards 
canonized,  who  died    25  Auguft,  1:270,    and  whofe    fame    for 
piety,  particularly  his  pallion  for  the  crufades,   which  coll  him 
his  Hfe,   made   his  death    an   epoch.      He  had   befides  reftored 
many  of  the  Englifh  dominions  in  France,  taken  by  his  anceftors; 
and  was  brother-in-law  to  our  Henry  IH. 

It  may  not  be  amifs  to  remark,  that  this  deed  is  indented  ;  and 
that  the  indented  edges  are  marked  with  the  dimidiated  letters  of 
the  word  cibographum.  Inftances  of  fuch  indentures  before 
this  reign  are  not  very  frequent  '. 

The  following  deed  is  about  the  fame  time. 

Sciatit  prefentes  et  fiituri  quod  ego  Robertus  deBeylham  concefli,  dedi,  et  hac  prc- 
■fenci  carta  inea  confirmavi  Roberto  filio  Waltcri  de  Meleford  pro  liomagio  et  fervicio 
("no  et  pro  duabus  marcis  argenti  quas  milii  dedit  in  Gerfumam  %  unam  acram  terre 
et  dimidiam  cum  fuis  pertinenciis  in  villa  de  Haufted.  Quarum  dimidia  acra  pre- 
didte  terre  jacctjuxta  terrara  preditSti  Iloberti  ex  una  parte,  et  terram  "Willielmi  de 

"  See  Madox's  Form.  Aug.  Differtation,  p.  z8. 

*  This  was  the  purthal'e  money  j   not  the  earned.     The  annual  payment  of  a  penny  was  to  fecure 
the  purchaier  from  every  kind  of  demand  that  could  be  made  on  the  land. 

Camera 


Chap.  IV.]  O    F      H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  177 

Camera  ex  altera,  cum  omnibus  fepibus  et  foflatis.  Et  una  acra  terre  jacet  juxta 
terram  predifti  Willielmi  de  Camera  ex  una  parte,  et  terram  Johannis  iilii  M:u -i  li 
ex  altera.  Salvo  tamen  diclo  Roberto  de  Beylham  tota  paflura  jacente  ad  capud 
predifte  acre  terre  fue  abeatur  in  predlfla  terra  tota  magis  auc  minus,  tenendum  et 
abendum  de  me  et  heredibus  meis  predido  Roberto  filio  VValteri  et  licredibus  luis 
vtl  aflignatis  fuis,  cuicumque,  quibus,  quando,  ubicumque  dare  vendere  vel  affignare 
voluerint,  libere,  quiete,  bene  in  pace,  in  feodo  et  hereditate  perpetua,  reddendo  iride 
anmiatim  m\h\  vel  heredibus  meis,  tcinan  denarinm,  videlicet  ad  pafcham,  pro  om- 
nibus ferviciis,  confuetudinibus,  exaftionibus,  cujufcumqne  fedis  curie,  rcgiis  prc- 
ceptis,  et  omnibus  fecularibus  demandis.  Et  ego  predidtus  llobertus  de  Beylham, 
et  hcredes  mei  warrantizabiiViUs,  acquietabimus  et  in  omnibus  defendemus  toram 
prediflam  terram  cum  lepibus  et  foliatis  prcdiifio  Roberto  iilio  VValteri  et  heredibus 
luis  vel  aflignatis  fuis  per  predi6tum  fervicium,  contra  omncs  homines  et  femivas  ',  in 
perpctuum.  Et  ut  mea  conceflio,  donacio,  carte  mee  confirmatio  rata  permaneac 
et  ftabiiis,  huic  fcripio  figillum  meum  appofui.  Hiis  teftibus,  Ricardo  de  Saxham, 
Roberto  de  Ros,  Alexandro  de  Exninge,  Semanno  de  Ofmundesfclde,  Alan  de 
feroch,  Alana  IVleflbre,  Henrico  filio  fuo,  Wydone  Maymund,  Nicolao  k  Cupere. 

The  next  is  a  few  years  after  the  two  laft,  when  deeds  were 
generally  dated.  As  it  differs  in  many  refpedls  from  the  firft  of 
thofe  two,  and  as  leafes  of  fuch  early  times  are  not  very  common, 
I  fliall  tranfcribe  it, 

Hec  eft  convencio  fadta  inter  Philippum  Nuel  ex  una  parte,  et  Henricum  filium 
Nicholai  de  fanfto  Edmundo  et  Ricardum  filium  ejus  ex  altera  parte  ;  ita  videlicet 
quod  predidus  Philippus  conceffit  et  dimifit  prediclis  Henrico  et  Ricardo,  ad  rotJtn 
vitam  eorum,  omnes  terras  et  tenementa  fua  in  Haufted  et  Neuton,  pro  decern 
Marcis  argenti  annuatim  eidem  Philippo  et  heredibus  aut  aflignatis  fuis  vel  eorum 
heredibus,  die  fandti  Michaelis  in  fine  cujuflibet  anni  folvendis,  aut  fuo  certo  arornato, 
fcriptiim  de  dimiruone  predifte  terre  inter  eos  fadtum  dcferenti,  una  cum  litera 
aquietancie  ejufdem  termini,  figiilo  predicti  Phili[)pi  vel  heredum  aut  aflignatoruni 
fuorum,  fi  de  eo  humanitus  contingar,  fignata,  bene  et  fideliter,  et  fine  ulteriori 
diiacione  in  ecclefia  conventuali  fanfti  Edmundi  coram  altari  fandli  Nicolai.  '1  ali 
tenure  adjunfto;  quod  fi  contmgat  predifl^os  Henricum  vel  Ricardum  in  folutione 
predifte  pecunie,  termino  ftatuto,  in  parte  vel  in  toto  deficere,  cum  fuper  hoc  fu- 
erint  requifiti ;  predi£lus  Henricus  et  Ricardus  volunt  et  concedunt  quod  predidus 
Philippus,  &c.  pofllt  omnia  tenenr.enta  in  fcripto  contenra  cum  omnibus  fuis  per- 
tincnciis  ingrediet  feyfire,  et  ea  bene  et  pacifice  recipere  fibi  et  heredibus  vel  afllg- 
mtis  fuis  in  perpetuum,  fcripto  dimifionis  inter  eos  conftdo  non  obftante,  fine 
aliquo  clameo  prediftorum  Henrici  et  Pvicardi,  feu  alicujus  nomine  fuo.     Et  pufi; 

'  Mr.  Barrjngton  obferves,  that  perhaps  the  firil;  inftance  in  the  Statute  Book  of  an  apprehenfion, 
that  a  ii'r;«a«  is  not  included  in  the  word  man,  occurs  ii  Jdwardlll.  Oblervations  en  the  ir.ore 
Air;iaU  Statutes,  p.  243.     An  eailier  inllance  of  inch  an  apprehenfion  appears  in  the  prefent  deed. 

A  a  deceffumi 


IV 


e 


17S  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y     A  N  D     A  N  T  I  Q  U  I  T  I  E  S     [Chap. 

dccefllim  preilidlorum  Henrici  ec  Ricardi  omnia  predidla  tenementa  cum  pertincnciiq 
predido  Philippe,  ?cc.  Iblute  et  quiete  revertantur.  Ec  fi  predidus  Henricus  tt 
Ricardiisin  t'ata  difcedant  ante  termir.ura  folutionis  ultimi  anni,  quod  abiit,  idem 
Hcnricus  tt  Piicardus  volnnt  et  corrcedunt  pro  fe  et  heredibus  ct  executoribus  luis, 
quod  heredes  vel  executores  eorum  teneantiir  ad  folutionem  ultime  ferme  fade  de 
trudibus  de  prediftis  terris  et  ter.emeiuis  p: ovtnitntibus ;  dummqdo  quod  heredes 
et  executores  predidorm  Henrici  vel  Ricardi  habeant  et  teneant  omnia  tenemtnta 
predida  cum  omnibus  fuis  percinenciis  ulque  ad  fintm  termini  predidi.  Et  Henricus 
el  Ricardus  concedurit  Tub  pena  et  diftridione  predicT;a,  quod  in  predidis  terris 
bolcis  domibus  nee  gardinis  facicnt  neque  fieri  pcrmitrent  vailum  vcnditionem  nee 
deflrudionem,  nifi  tantummodo  ad  Hufoote  '  et  Hcybote  '.  Hoc  adjed^  quod 
fi  contingat  quod  dominus  rex  Anglic  ab  eildcm  Henrico  ct  Rira'do  fimul  cum  aliis 
Hbere  tenentibus  in  pirtibiis  illis  denianda  et  tilliaaia  exigat,  quod  abfit,  tunc  pre- 

tlidus  Philippus  ab  eifdem  demandis  eos  cabit.     In  cujus  rei  tcRimcnium 

alter  alterius  fciipio  ad  mf^dum  cyro^iraffi  c.-niedo  figilla  lua  alicrnjtim  appo- 
fuerunt.  Hiis  tcitibu?,  Waltero  I're^lcU,  WiUifdmo  de  Cramavile,  Roberto  de 
Ros,  Semannodc  Olmundisfelde,  Roberto  dc  VVeylham,  Galfrido  Ofborn,  Nicholao. 
Aldred,  Adam  de  Saxham,  Henrico  filio  Wllliclmi  ec  alii';.  D;Uum  apud  fandum' 
Edniundum  Die  Lune  proxime  pofl  feftum  fanfti  Ma:,  i  Evai  gelifte,  anno  regui 
rcois  Edwardi  filii  regis  Henriei  decimoj  finieme  jam  anno. 

The  feals  of  green  wax  are  both  preferved  ;  one  of  them  is 
I  believe  an  antique,  with  two  human  figures,  one  turning  from 
the  other,  an  oval,  cii c:umfcribcd,  '•  Sigilkim  Henrici  fil.  Nitholai :" 
the  other  bears  a  Hon  rampant  gardant,  a  circle,  circumfcribed, 
"  Je  fuys  fel  de  aNuell" — it  belonged,  J  fuppofe,  to  one  of  his 
anceftors. 

At  the  fame  time,  by  another  deed,  Nuell  let  to  the  fame  per- 
fons  for  their  joint  lives,  for  30  marcs  of  filver  paid  in  hand,  and 
for  10  marcs  annual  rent,  his  whole  meiTuage  in  IlauHed,  with 
"till    the  lands,    woods,    meadows,    paftures,  rents,   ways,  paths, 

'  Wood,  for  fiiein^. 

"  Wood  for  ie]>airing  the  hedges.     Boir,  or  Frnf,  means  profit,  advanfage. 

'  An  inftriiiT.ent  of  cotntvaiicc  attefted  by  vvitneiies  was,  in  the  Saxon  times,  ca]]ei\  Ciiro^ra/ifjum, 
;^iid  by  the  Normans,  Charm.  To  prevent  fr.iiids,  they  made  their  deed^  of  nnitual  covenant  in  a  part 
and  connierpart,  npon  the  fame  piece  of  parchment,  and  in  the  middle  between  the.  two  copies  drew 
the  capital  letters  of  the  a  phabet,  or  ibmetinies  the  word  svNCKArHos.  and  il^en  cut'aiuuder,  in 
an  indented  manner,  thcfaid  piece,  which,  being  delivered  to  the  two  parties  concerned,  were  proved 
authentic  by  nia:ching  with  one  another,  ^\hcn  tlii?  prudent  cnflon.  had  for  fon  c  time  prevailed,-., 
llie  word  C  hirogiaphnm  was  appropiiated  to  fuch  bipartite  writings.  Kennett's  Glolfary.  The 
j>refunt  deed  is  iliiis  indented  ;  and  its  indented  edi:;e  marked  vviih  large  and  fn.all  din  idiatcd  letters, 
taken  1  believe  at  random.  From  the  fiiort.icls  of  ancient  deeds,  and  the  ahbreviafed  manner  in 
uLich  they  were  written,  fevercl  pairs  mi^ht  be  cut  out  of  the  lame  ik'ia  of  parchment. 

hedges, 


Chap.IV.]  OF       H    A    W    S    T    E     D.  i;9 

hedges,  with  all  the  other  tenements  in  Hauftede  and  Neuton  ' 
that  in  any  manner  belonged  to  it. 

The  parchment  of  thele  deeds  is  of  extreme  thinnefs ;  and 
the  writing  ftill  retains  its  original  blacknefs. 

14  Edward  I.  as  we  have  already  feen,  Thomas  Fitz  Euftace, 
the  chief  lord  of  the  village,  held  in  his  own  hands  240  acres 
of  arable  land,  10  of  meadow,  and  10  of  wood.  William 
Talemache,  the  next  perfon  in  confeqiience  to  him,  held  280 
acres  of  arable  land,  i  2  of  meadow,  and  24  of  wood.  Philip 
Noel,  another  principal  proprietor,  held  120  acres  of  arable 
land,  4  of  meadow,  and  7  of  wood.  Robert  de  Ros  held  56 
acres  of  arable  land,  3  of  meadow,  and  5  of  wood.  Walter  de 
Stanton  held  80  acres  of  arable  land,  3  of  meadow  and  pafture, 
and  I  of  wood.  William  de  Cramaville  held  140  acres  of  arable 
land,  6  of  meadow,  and  8  of  wood.  John  Beylham  held  5  a 
acres  of  arable  land,  2  of  meadow,  and  3  of  wood.  And  feveral 
fmaller  tenants  are  not  faid  to  have  any  meadows  or  paftures. 

From  thefe  inllances  it  appears,  that  almoft  the  whole  atten- 
tion of  the  farmer  was  beftowed  on  his  plough.  For  thefe  feven 
perfons  occupied  among  them,  968  acres  of  arable  land,  and 
only  40  of  meadow,  juft  24  to  f  ;  not  that  it  is  to  be  fuppofed, 
that  the  fmaller  tenants  had  no  pafture ;  or  that  the  larger  pro- 
prietors had  among  them  all  no  more  than  40  acres  of  land,  for 
the  feed  of  their  cattle.  Meadow  ground  was  properly  what  was 
referved  for  mowing :  it  was  called,  pratum  falcabik.  The 
borders  of  their  arable  lands  were  broad,  and  though  abounding 
with  trees  and  bufhes,fupplied  doubtlefs  a  confiderable  quantity  of 
grafs.  However,  one  acre  of  hay-ground  to  twenty-four  of  arable, 
Mas  a  very  fmall  proportion,  and  befpeaks  a  ftrong  preference 
to  tillage.  I  willi,  the  record  whence  the  above  notes  are  taken, 
had  recited  the  number  of  cows  and  flieep  belonging  to  each  land- 
holder. 

*  Beuton  o:  Nuton  was  afterwards  fpelled  Noixton,  as  Nudl  became  No-well. 

A  a  2  Though 


i8o  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  IV. 

Though  their  annual  payments  are  all  fet  down  ;  yet  nothing 
can  with  certainty  be  colle6ted,  with  refpedl  to  the  value  of 
their  lands,  for  they  paid  from  almoft  yd.  to  lefs  than  a  farthing 
an  acre  a  year.  Some  of  thofe  who  paid  the  very  low  rents, 
probably  performed  fome  fervice  in  hulbandry  for  their  landlord, 
in  lieu  of  m.oney  ;  and  fome  of  the  fmall  fums  were  perhaps 
of  the  nature  of  quit-rents.  However,  we  may  not  probably 
be  far  from  the  truth,  if  we  lay  their  lands  in  general  at  ^d. 
an  acre. 

In  the  year  1281,  the  prices  of  various  kinds  of  grain,  the 
produce  of  this  village,  were  as  follows  :  Of  wheat,  about  the. 
Converlion  of  St.  Paul  (25  January)  from  4s.  3d.  to  4s.  5d.  a 
quarter;  in  Lent,  4s.  6d.  afterwards,  4s.  8d.  ;  of  filigo  ',  from 
2S.  8d.  to  2  8.  lod.;  of  barley,  3  s.  6  jd.  ;  of  new  peafe,  from 
2  8.  9{d.  to  2S.  II  l(\;  of  old  peafe,  2s.  4|d. ;  of  draget  % 
2  8.  Id.  ;   of  oats,  from  2S.  2d.  to  2s.  4d. 

This  was  a  year  of  moderate  plenty,  and  therefore  may  be 
confidered  as  the  ftandard  of  the  prices  of  grain,  about  this 
period;  for  in  turning  over  the  Chron.  Pret.  I  find,  that  at 
different  times,  from    1246  to  1270,  wheat  fold  at  what  were 

'  Si/igo  was  a  kind  of  light  and  white  wheat,  Pliny  fays  of  it,  fj'ginein  proprie. 
dixerim  tritici  dclicias  •,  candor  eft,  fine  virture,  et  fine  pondere,  conveniens  hu- 
midis  tra<ftibus — ey/7/^/«^  lautifilmus  panis.  Vulgo  ble  blanc,  lays  his  commen- 
tator. Googe,  in  his  Hufbandry,  printed  in  1577,  in  his  account  of  the  difi'crcnt 
kinds  of  wheat,  lays,  Rcbns  is  ihe  tairelt  and  weightieft ;  Silgo  is  ufed  in  the  fineft 
cheate;  Trimejlre  is  ripe  in  three  months.  Siligo^  fays  Littleton  in  his  Diftionary, 
is  a  fine  wheat,  of  which  they  make  manchet.  The  Chron.  Prer.  in  the  year 
13S7  (where  the  author  fays,  he  knows  not  what  it  is)  makes  it  1  s.  a  quarter,\vhen 
wiicat  was  2S.  In  a  compotus  of  the  year  1405  (fupplied  nie  by  a  tnend)  it  was- 
4s.  a  quaiter,  when  whcac.was  5s.  4d.  which  1  apprehend  was  a  very  great  price 
for  it.  'J.iJ. 

^  Draget  is  cats  and  barlev  mixed  together.  It  occuis  in  the  will  of  lady  Clare, 
who  c'ied  in  1360.  ?ee  Royal  Wills.  1  ufier,  wlio  fainied  in  this  county  about 
the  middle  of  the  fixteenth  century,  calls  it  dredge. 

Thy  dredge  and  thy  barlev  go  threfli  out  to  malt.— 
Sow  barky  and  dredge  with  a  plentiful  hand. 

then 


Chap.  IV.]  O     F       H     A     W     S     T     E     D.  iSi 

then  all  efteemed  the  enormous  rates  of  1 3  s.  4cl. ;  1 6 s. ;  4I.  t  6 s. 
and  even  61.  8  s.  a  quarter,  if  the  author  may  be  credited,  who 
fays  at  tiie  fame  time,  that  provilions  were  fo  fcarte,  that  parents 
ate  their  children,  hi  1243,  it  fold  at  2  s.  a  quarter;  in  1286, 
at  2s.  8d.;  in  128S,  it  funk  to  is.  and  in  the  north  and  weft 
parts,  even  to  8  d.  Suppoling  then  4s.  fed.  to  be  about  the 
mean  price  of  a  quarter  of  wheat,  and  /td.  a  year's  rent  of  an  acre 
of  land,  the  difproportion  between  the  produce  of  the  land  and  its 
rent  is  almoll:  incredible  ;  for,  if  (as  I  fufpecft)  an  acre  produced, 
in  general,  only  i  ^  quarter  ',  it  would,  if  the  ground  was 
cropped  only  two  years  together,  give  the  hufbandman  13  times 
the  rent  of  his  land  one  year  wirh  another;  a  profit,  which  the 
beft  farmers,  in  the  prefent  ftate  at  improved  agriculture,  can 
rarely,  I  believe,  reach.  That  lands  Ihould  be  thus  rated,  can 
only  be  attributed  to  the  frequent  and  almoft  entire  failures  of 
their  crops,,  unknown  in  modern  times,  in  well  cultivated 
countries;  and  which  muft  have  been  owing  to  an  ill  managed: 
hufbandry,  that  funk  entirely  under  an  unfavourable  feafon. 
At  one  time  we  are  told,  the  ground  v/as  fo  hard  that  it  coidd 
not  be  tilled;  at  another,  that  the  rain  and  hail  deftroyed  the. 
crops  ;  the  confequence  was,  not  only  a  fcarcity,  but  often  a 
famine.  Even  fo  late  as  the  reign  of  queen  Mary,  Bullein  tells 
ns,  that"  bread  was  fo  fkant,  inibmuch  that  the  plain  poor 
"  people  did  make  very  much   of  acorns  ;   and   a  ficknefs  of  a 

'  The  learned  author  of  Fleta,  who  wrote  about  this  period,  and  who,  in  his 
Treatile  of  Law,  has  not  dildained  inferting  levcral  particulars  relative  to  rural 
economy,  informs  us,  that  if  an  acre  of  wheat  yield  only  three  times  the  feed  fown, 
the  farmer  will  be  a  loler,  unlels  corn  fliould  fell  dear.  His  calculation  is  this  : 
three  ploughings  is.  6d.;  harrowing  id.;  two  budiels  ot  feed  is.;  weeding  one 
haifpcnyi  reaping  5d.;  carrying  id.-,  in  all  3  s.  i  -^  d.  which  is  1  fd.  more  than  the 
value  of  6  hulheis.  I.  If.  c.  82.  Nothing  is  laid  of  the  rent  of  the  land,  expence  of - 
manuring,  &c.  This  account  would  have  been  more  curious,  had  ihe  author 
informed  us,  what  was  then  efteemed  a  fair  average  crop.  1  have  fuppofed  it 
double. 

6  "  ftiong;- 


.52  HISTORY    AND    ANTI  Q^U  ITI  E  S  [Chap.  IV. 

"  llrong  fever  did  fore  moleft  the  commons."  Bulwark  of 
Defence,  fol.   30. 

Not  that  we  are  to  imaghie,  that  good  hufoandry  was  not 
now  known  ;  for  fome  writers,  even  before  this  period,  have 
lliewn  the  contrary  ;  but  to  know  and  to  pradlife  are  very  dif- 
ferent things.  Are  there  not  invincible  prejudices,  even  in  this 
enlightened  age,  with  which  agriculture  has  to  contend?  In  how 
many  parts  of  this  ifland  do  turneps  Hill  remain  unhoed  ? 

The  fame  year,  1281,  the  price  of  a  bullock  was  8  s.  6d.; 
of  a  hog  2  5.  6d. ;  of  a  pig  6d. ;  of  threfliing  a  quarter  of  wheat 
3  d. ;  of  filgo  2  Y d. ;  of  barley  i  ^  d. ;  of  peafe  2d.;  of  draget  i  d. ; 
of  oats  1  d. ;  a  man's  wages  for  cutting  fire-wood  for  two  days 
was  4d.  which  feems  great  pay.  A  carter  was  allowed  for  his 
Eafter-day's  repaft,  i  d.  Another  had  four  bulhels  of  filgo  for 
lix  weeks  work  of  various  kinds;  and  a  girl  for  winnowing  corn, 
and  keeping  the  young  heiffers,  geefe  and  poultry,  of  the  manor, 
for  fourteen  weeks,  i  qviarter  of  the  fame  grain.  A  fervant, 
called  a  Daye  ',  had  1 2  d.  for  the  fame  employment,  from 
Michaelmas  to  Eatter. 

In  1359,  the  lord  of  the  principal  manor  held  in  his  own 
hands  572  acres  of  arable  land,  eilimated  from  4d.  to  8d.  an 
acre ;   and  eight  pieces  of  meadow,   or  mowing-ground,  valued 

'  He  occurs  fotnetimes  as  an  attendant  upon  the  carter.  Sometimes  it  fliould 
feem,  as  it"  he  belonged  to  the  dairy,  by  having  calves  to  fell.  He  was  certainly 
of  the  loweft  clafs  ot  fervants,  as  he  is  always  placed  the  lad  in  the  Hit,  and  with 
fmall  wages;  probably,  what  we  lliould  now  call  a  day-labourer,  a  perfon  employed 
about  any  work.  He  occurs  in  the  flatutes  of  25  and  37  Edward  III.  in  th-;  iaitcr 
of  which,  the  old  hnglifli  tranllation  calls  him  a  Deyar.  Chaucer,  whom  no 
cotemporary  chara6ter  could  efcape,  rhus  alludes  to  his  frygal  fare,  where  in  the 
Nonne's  Preefle's  Tale  he  is  defcribing  a  poor  widow: 

Itso  win  ne  drank  (he,  neither  white  ne  red  ; 

Hire  bord  was  ferved  mod  wi:h  white  and  black. 

Milk  and  brown  bred,  in  which  flic  found  no  lack  ; 

Scinde  bacon,  and  fometime  an  ey  or  twcy  ; 

For  ftie  was  as  it  were  a  mancr  Dey, —         i.  e.  a  kind  of  Dey. 

at 


Chap.  IV.]  O    F      H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  183 

at  202s.  4d.  a  year;  the  quantity  of  which  was  probably  about  ' 
50  acres.  For  though  the  larger  parcels  are  each  valued  iu  the 
grofs  at  fo  many  Ihillings  a  }car,  yet  the  quantities  of  three  of 
the  fmaller  are  fpecified  :  one  piece  of  3  acres  was  valued  at  los, 
a  year ;  one  of  1  acre  at  5  s.;  and  another  of  i  acre  at  4s.  Taking 
therefore  the  mean  price  of  4s.  the  202  s.  4d.  was  probably  the 
annual  value  of  about  50  acres.  He  had  befules,  in  Circuitu 
Broci'y  paihire  for  24  cows,  worth  36s.;  as  alfo  for  12  horfes, 
and  as  many  oxen,  worth  48  s.  a  year.  He  held  alfo  40  acres 
of  wood,  valued  at  is.  an  acre;  and  the  croppings  of  the  trees 
and  hedges  about  his  fields,  at  6  s.  8d.  a  year. 

Though,  from  the  increafed  quantity  of  grafs -grounds,  the 
confumption  of  flefli-meat  was  probably  increafed  ;  yet  the  poor 
land-holders,  who  were  obliged  by  their  tenures  to  work  for 
the  lord  fo  many  days  in  hay-time  and  harveft,  had,  at  this  time,  , 
no  other  allowance  of  animal  food  than  two  herrings  a  day  each,  . 
and  fome  milk  from  the  manor  dairy  to  make  them  cheefe  ;  they 
had  befides  each  man  a  loaf,  of  which  15  made  abufliel,  and 
an  allowance  of  drink,  not  fpecifietU  Of  thefe  there  w  ere  eleven, 
who  were  to  perform,  amongft  them,  42  days  work  in  hay-time, 
and  60  in  harveft. 

The  great  inferiority  of  arable  land  to  meadow^,  in  point  of 
value,  in  about  the  proportion  of  one  to  eight,  may  be  accounted 
for  fiom  the  fmali  quantity  of  the  latter,  at  a  time  when  hay 
was  fo  great  a  part  of  the  fupport  of  the  live  ftock  in  winter. 
Why  there  w^as  fo  fmall  a  quantity  of  it,  may  not  be  fo  eafy  to 
fay. 

In  13S6,  tl:ie  produce  of  the  farm,  which  the  lady  of  the 
manor  held  in  her  own  hands,  wa-,  according  to  the  bailiff's  ac- 

Brocus  is  a  brook,  or  a  fmall  Hream.  In  a  furvey  of  this  manor  in  1581,  we 
have,  Brccum  five  >ofuium,  and  Torren^em  five  Brcctnn..  1  he;  demeines  were 
warered  wiih  a  rivultt,  ihe  Ihrubby  banks  of  which  aiForded  a  confiderable  quantity 
of  pafture, 

count 


i84  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQUITIES         [Chap.  I\^, 

count  (which  was  always  from  Michaelmas  to  Michaelmas)  69 
quasters,  5  ^  hufliels  of  wheat ;  54quarteiP,  4  buihels  of  barley  ; 
1 1  quarters,  7  buQiels  of  peafe;  29  quarters  of  haras  '  ;  and  65 
quarters,   4  buihel  of  oats. 

Oat-meal  was  part  of  the  food  of  fervants.  This  year,  1 2 
budiels  were  ufed  for  the  broth  of  feven.  Tuller,  a  SuffolL 
farmer,  tells  us ; 

Though  never  fo  much  a  good  hufwife  doth  care. 

That  fuch  as  do  labour  have  hufbandly  fare  •, 

•Yet  feed  them,  and  cram  them,  till  purfedoth  lack  chilike. 

No  fpoon  meat,  no  belly  full,  labourers  thinke. 

This  is  not  the  cafe  now.  Pork  and  bacon  are  the  Suffolk  la- 
bourer's delicacies;   and  bread  and  cheefe  his  ordinary  diet. 

In  1387,  66  acres  were  fown  with  wheat,  allowing  2  bufliels 
to  an  acre;  26  acres  with  barley,  allowing  4  buHiels  to  an  acre  ; 
25  acres  with  peafe ;  25  acres  with  haras;  62  acres  with  oats, 
allowing  2  ^  builiels  of  each  to  an  acre. 

The  ftock  was  4  cart  horfes  {equi  careSlarii),  6  ftone  horfes 
{Jiotti),    10   oxen  %   1    bull,  26  cows,   6  heiffers,  6  calves,   92 

mvittons, 

*  What  particular  grain  this  was,  I  cannot/ay;  but  its  name  implies,  that  it  was 
a  horfe-corn,  from  Haracium  (Luc.)  and  Haras  (Fr.)  which  fignify  a  flucl  of 
horfes :  and  the  accounts  before  me  Ihew,  that  horfes  were  ferved  witli  it,  both 
threfhed  and  in  fheaves :  and  one  year  the  (heep,  in  winier,  had  120  Iheaves  of 
it,   12  of  which  made  a  bufhel.     It  was   thrertied   at   the  lame  price  as  peale  and 

■  oats,  which  was  2d.  a  quarter,  while  wheat  was  threfhed  at  4d. 

*  By  all  the  accounts  I  have,  it  appears,  that  the  number  of  horfes  and  oxen 
kept  for  labour  were  equal.  The  latter  were  alfo  fed  with  oats,  and  fliod  \x\  froily 
weather.  It  cannot  be  unpleafing  to  ihnfe  who  arc  ii  tcrelled  in  this  lui  jcd,  to  hear 
what  the  old  author  of  F"leta  fays  about  ir.  A  plough  of  oxen  {^caruca  bourn,  a 
pair  I  fuppofe)  with  two  horfes,  will  do  as  much  as  it  ti)cy  were  all  hortes.  A  plough 
of  oxen  will  go  forward  in  heavy  had,  where  one  of  horfes  would  itop.  A  horle 
kept  for  labour  ought  to  have  every  night  the  fixth  part  of  a  buihel  of  oats  ;  for 
an  ox  3  Y  meaiures  of  oats,  10  of  wiiich  make  a  bufhel,  are  lufficient  for  a  week. 
L.  II.  c.  73.     It  is  of  fervice  to  oxen,  to  be  rubbed  twice  a  day  with  a  whifp  of 

-ilraw,  as  by  thofe  means  they  will  take  more  pleafure  in  licking  themfelves— eo 

quod 


Chap,  IV.]  O    F      H     A    W    S     T    E    D.  1S5 

muttons,  10  fcore  of  hogerells  (flieep  of  the  2d  year),  i  gander, 
4  gee{Q  (auc.  maroL  ^  30  capons  %    i  cock,    26  hens. 

The  quantity  of  arable  land" in  tillage,  this  year,  appears  from 
the  above  account,  to  have  been  2  1  4  acres.  The  whole,  there- 
fore, fuppofing  one-third  lay  fallow,  was  321;  a  great  decreafe 
from  572,  which  was  the  arable  part  of  the  demefnes  in  1359. 
The  dairy  is  rather  increafed;  and  a  flock  of  near  300  flieep 
is  now  mentioned.  There  was  nothing  faid  of  a  flock  before, 
though  doubtlefs  there  was  one ;  but  if  it  had  been  of  the  con- 
fequence  of  that  at  prefent,  it  would  hardly  have  been  palTed 
over  in  lilence.  Of  the  meadows  or  pafture  grounds,  no  par- 
ticulars occur ;  yet  it  may  be  conckided,  they  had  continued  to 
increafc,  from  the  dairy  and  flock  increaiing,  while  the  arable 
land  decreafed.  There  were  alfo  let  this  year,  the  pafture,  and 
the  herbage  of  pafture,  of  feveral  pieces,  the  fizes  of  which  are 
not  fpecified. 

quod  afFeflius  fe  lambebunt,  c.  7^.  where  more  of  their  utility  maybe  feen.  Har- 
rifon,  in  his  Defcription  of  Britain,  prefixed  to  Holinfhed's  Chronicle,  mennons  an 
odd  praftice,  in  his  time,  with  refpedt  to  this  animal.  "  When  they  are  young," 
fays  he,  "  many  graziers  will  oftentimes  annoynt  their  budding  homes,  or  typpes  of 
*'  homes,  with  hony,  which  mollyfieth  the  naturall  hardenefle  of  that  fubliance, 
"  and  thereby  maketh  it  growe  into  a  notable  greatncfs.  Certes,  it  is  not  ftraunge 
*'  in  England  to  fee  oxen,  whofe  homes  have  the  length  of  three  foot  between  the 
"  typpes."  p.  220.  Thefe  large  horns  muft  have  been  often  inconvenient  in  huf- 
bandry  ;  but  horn  was  a  mod  ufeful  article  in  various  manufadtures,  particularly 
that  of  drinking  cups,  of  which  thofe  of  the  largefl;  fize  have  ever  been  moft 
efteemed. 

'  Au:.  marol.  muft  mean  geefe,  as  diflinguiflied  from  ganders.  In  1587,  there 
is  an  allowance  of  oats  expended  fuper  aucis  marol.  In  1389,  it  is  expreffed,  fufer 
aucis  pond.  The  lad  word  perhaps  from  the  French, /cM^r^,  to  lay  an  egg.  The 
word  is  not  in  the  Gloflaries. 

^  The  cuftom  of  making  capons  is  faid  to  have  been,  introduced  among  us  by 
the  Romans. 

Capo. 
Ne  nimis  exhaufto  macrefceret  Inguine  gallus, 
Amifit  tefles.  Martial,  L.  xiii.  Ep.  6^. 

It  is  remarkable,  that  the  art  of  preparing  this  article  of  luxury  (bould  be  entirely 
loft  in  this  neighbourhood  ;  a  capon  never  appearing  in  Bury  market. 

B  b  The 


x86  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ.UITIES    [Chap,  I  \^ 

The  dairy  of  2.6  cows  was  let  for  81.  a  year,  cid  p/enam 
Jirmam\  the  ladtage  of  a  cow,  with  its  ealfj  and  a  hen,,  being- 
rated  at  6  s.  8d^  ',.  and  tv/o  cows  thrown  into  the  bargain  (pret^ 
y  vacc.  in  avmitag.)  Wheat  was  fold  for  4s.  a  quarter  ;  oats  for 
2s.  two  lloiie  liorfes  (I  fuppofe  entirely  worn  out),  for  5  s.;.  acarE 
horfe  for  21s.;  a  cow  for  45.^  an.  ox.  for  13  s..  6 d.;  a  boar  foe 
IS.   8d.  ;^  a  capon  for  4d. 

A  cart-horfe  *  was  bought  for  30  s.;.  30  fowls  to  be  made 
capons,  for  2S.  3d. ;  a  goofe  (auc.  marol.)  for  6d.;  a  hen  foir 
2d.  Wheat  was  threflied  for  4d.  a  quarter,  and  other  grairt 
for  2d.  A  reaper  had  4d.  a  day.  is.  iid.  was  paid  for  cutting; 
and  tying  up  3  acres  of  wheat,  per  tajkam;  and  3  s.  4d,  for 
cutting  and  tying  up  6.  acres  of  bolyraong  ;  a  pair  of  cart  wheels 
eoft  6  s. 

In  1388,  the  produce  of  the  farm  was  6 9. quarters,  2  bufhels 
of  wheat;  52  quarters,  2  bufliels  of  barley  ;.  23  quarters,  3. 
buOiels  of  peafe  ;  2.8  quarters  of  haras  ;,  40  q^uarters,  4  bufliels- 
ef  oats. 

'  This  was  alfb  the  rem  of  the  ladage  of' a  cow,  vith  its  calf,  in  138S,  in  th'e- 
arljoining  village  of  Horningflicath  :  when  alfo  the  laiflage  of  9J.  ll.cep  was  let  at 
I  id  -ach.  \:  is  much  that  no  mention  is-  made  of  this  latter  kind  oflad.ige,  in 
this  village.  Ir  was  an  objeft  in  rural  economy,  at  ieafl;  as^lnte  as  the  tirne  of  I  ufier,, 
who  gives  leveral  dire£lions  about- it  •,  and  Harrifon  fays,  that  "  ewts milk,  added  to- 
**  that  of  kins,  makes  chetfe  that  abides  longer  moill,  and  eats  more  brickie  and< 
"  mellow." 

-  Though  in  thefe  accounts  cart  h^n-fes  zndi  Jl alliens  appear  to  be  difiihguifhed,  yet 
we  leain  Irom  Harrifon,  that  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  horfcs.  kept  for  draught  or 
burden  were  ftoned,  and  geldings  appropriated  to  the  faddle.  "  Our  land,"  fays, 
he,  '*  dooth  vecld  no  afles,  and  t;  eretore  \va  want  the  generation  alfu  of  mules  and 
"  fomers  ;  and  therefore  the  mo(t  part  of  our  carriage  is  made  by  thefe,  which; 
"  remaining  ifor.cd^  are  either  referved  for  the  cart,  or  appointed  to  beare  fuch. 
"  burdens  as  are  convenient  for  them.  Our  cart  or  plough-hories  (for  we  uls  them 
"  inditfcrentlie)  are  commonlie  fo  llrnng,  that  five  or  lix  of  them  will  draw  three 
•'  thouland  weightof  tlie  grc.itell  talc,  wirh  eafe,  for  a  long  journie^  although  it  be 
"  not  a  load  of  common  ufage,  which  confiiteth  onelis  of  two  thoufand.  Such 
"  as  are  kept  alfo  for  burden  will  carie  four  hundred  weight  commonlie,  without 
*^  anie  hurt  or  hindrance."  p.  220. 

Ys/y  few  ilonc  horfes  are  now  kept  in  the  county,  except  for  propagation. 

la 


Chap.  IV.]  O    F      H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  igy 

In  1389,  57  acres  were  fown  with  wheat;  24  acres  with 
barley;  22  acres  with  peafe  ;  38  acres  with  har^s  ;  54  i^  acres 
with  oats. 

Wheat  fold  for  4s,  and  5s.  a  quarter;  barley  for  3s.;  oats 
for  as.  An  old  ftallion  grown  iifelefs  (quod  inutilis  pro  Jlauro) 
for  1 2  3.;  a  cow  for  3  s.  8d.;  another  for  4s,  6d,;  a  pig  or 
porker  fporcellus)  for  is.  4d.;  a  capon  for  4d.;  a  cart-load  of  hay 
for  5s.;   a  cow's  hide  for  is.   8 d. 

A  horfe's  hide  tawed  '  (dcalbatum)  was  bought  foi:  is.;  bul*- 
mong  '■  for  2  s.  a  quarter;  a  ftone-horfe  for  i^s.;  a  calf  for  is. 
Wheat  was  threlhed  for  4d.  a  quarter;  barley,  peafe,  and  haras, 
for  2d.  44  hogs,  or  hoggcrels  (for  they  are  called  both)  were 
gelt  for  IS.  8d.  60  perfons,  hired  for  one  day  to  weed  the 
•corn,  had  2d.  each.  Meadow  ground  was  mown  for  6d.  aa 
acre  ;  malt  made  for  6  d,  a  quarter ;  and  6  yards  of  canevas  for 
table-cloths,  coft  I2d. 

In  1390,  the  produce  of  the  farm  was  42  quarters  r  bufliel 
of  wheat,  from  5  7  acres,  which  is  lefs  than  6  bufhels  an  acre ; 
38  quarters  2  bufhels  of  barley  from  24  acres,  which  is  better 
than  1 2  bufhels  an  acre  ;  34  quarters,  2  j  bufhels  of  peafe,  from 
22  acres,  which  is  better  than  12  bufliels  an  acre;  the  quantity 
of  haras  is  obliterated;  33  quarters  2  bufhels  of  oats,  from  54  ~ 
acres,  which  is  about  5  bufliels  an  acre. 

Either  of  the  two  firft  mentioned  crops,  of  13^6,  and  1388, 
would  ruin  a  modern  farmer.  For  in  three  nearly  fucceflive 
years  therc  were  183  acres  fown  with  wheat ;  we  may  there- 
fore conclude,  that  the  annual  number  was  about  Jo  i.  Yet  ia 
aieither  of  the  befl  years  did  the  quantity  of  wheat  reach  70 

'  Tawed  is  drefled  white,  with  alum.  Tawcrs  of  kther  are  mentioned  among 
the  artificers  in  a  ftatute  of  23  Edward  III. 

'  Bidmong^i  or  Boljnton^y  a  word  (till  familiar  to  us,  means  peafe  and  oats  fown 
ipgethw. 

B  b  a  quarters. 


i88  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  IVv 

quarters.  However,  no  particular  dearnefs  of  corn  followed ; 
fo  that,  probably,  thofe  very  fcanty  crops  were  the  uiual  and 
ordinary  effedts  of  the  imperfe6l  hufbandry  then  praftifed.  And 
this  too,  as  being  the  manor  farm,  was  likely  to  be  at  leaft  as  well 
cultivated  as  any  in  the  village.  But  the  produce  of  the  prefent 
year  bears  a  more  melancholy  afpedf.  Lefs  than  6  buftiels  of 
wheat  from  an  acre  is  not  only  a  crop,  by  which  a  tolerably 
managed  farm  is  now  rarely  or  never  difgraced,  in  the  moft  un- 
favourable fealon ;  but  it  even  then  produced  a  great  fcarcity; 
for  wheat  role  from  4s.  and  5  s.  a  quarter,  to  13  s.  4d.;  barley 
from  3  s.  to  5$.  6d.;  oats  from  2  s.  to  6s.  8d.;  peafe  were  fold 
at  8  s.  a  quarter  ;  and  of  w  heat  there  were  fold  only  3  quarters, 
•whereas  in  one  of  the  former  years  there  were  18;  in  the 
other  24. 

An  ox  was  fold  for  12s.;  5  acres  of  wheat  ftubble  for  is.  Cd.j 
a  cow's  hide  for  is.  2d. ;   the  peafe  of  the  garden  for  6s. 

A  cow,  with  her  calf,  was  bought  for  los.;  another  for  6s.; 
a  thiid  for  7s.  3d.;  two  cows  before  calving,  for  15s.  id.;  a. 
boar  for  2s.  yd.;  and  6  calves,  the  property  of  the  daye,  for  6sr 
3  s.   4d.   was  paid  for  the  exchange  of  barley  for  feed. 

A  carpenter's  wages  was  4d.  a  day.  A  man  hired  for  3  }  days- 
to  fill  the  dung-cart,  had  i  od.  ;  a  ferjeant's  '  (jervient )  wages 
were  13s.  4d.  a  year  ;  a  carter's  i  os.;  a  ploughman's  (tentcris 
carucej  los;  a  plough-driver's  "  (fugatorts  caruce)  6  s.  8d. ;  a 
flrepherd's  I  OS.  4d.;  a  daye's  5  s.;  and  three  men  had  is.  6d, 
for  going  to  Sudbury  (16  miles  off)  to  fetch  tiles  for  the  friars 
at  Babwell  near  Bury. 

'  Seri'iens  de  manerio,  A  fteward  who  is  employed  by  the  lord  to  occupy  feme 
particular  groiincs,  and  to  account  tor  the  yearly  profits  of  them.    Kcnnctt's  Glofl". 

^  It  is  his  bullncfs  10  yoke  the  oxen  equaJl)',  anjd  drive  them  uithotn  cither 
Hriking,  goading,  or  over-prtfllng  tht-m.  He  Ihouid  be  neither  melancholy  nor 
paffionate,  but  lively,  and  full  of  finging,  chtcring  wi-th  his  tanes  the  labourirg 
cattle.  He  fhould  i^^'^,  and  be  fond  ot  them,  flcep  with  them  every  night,  kraich, 
curry,  and  wipe  them  (prurire,Jlriliare,  torcan.)  Flcta,  L,  11.  c.  7S. 

Sixty 


Chap.  IV.]  O     F       H     A    W    S    T    E    D.  if9 

Sixty  acres  were  fovvn  with  wheat,  2  ^  bufliels  to  an  acre ;  32 
acres  with  barley  ;  31  acres  with  peafe ;  23  acres  with  haras,  3 
bufliels  to  an  acre ;   48  acres  with  oats. 

In  a  lite  of  hufbantlry,  the  harveft  is   ever   an   affair  of  the 
greateft   confequence.       I  have   therefore  thrown    together  two 
years  tranfavStions  of  that  feafon,  that  we   may  form  the   better. 
idea  how  that  important  bufinefs  was  contlucled. 

The  outgoings  on  that  occafion  were  called  the  cofls  of  au- 
tumn (cujlus  autwnnales)^  and  are  thus  f^ated. 
•  In  1388,  the  expences  of  a  ploughman,  head  reaper,  baker, 
cook,  brewer,  deye,  244  ^  reapers  ',  hired  for  one  day,: ^30  bed?-: 
rejjes  "  (precaf)  the  men  fed,  according  to  cuf^om,  with  bread 
and  herring.  3  quarters  3  bu(hels  of  wheat  from  the  flock  ;  5 
quarters  3  bufnels  of  malt  from  the  flock;  meat  bought,  los.  lod.; 
5  flieep  from  the  flock  ;  filh  and  herrings  bought,  5s, ;  herrings 
bought  for  the  cufliomary  tenants,  yd,;  cheefe,  milk,  and  butter^ 
bought',  9s.  6d. ;  fait  3d.;  candles  5d.;  pepper  3d.;  fpoons, 
diflies,  and  fauceis,  5d. 

30  bedrepes,  as  before;  19  reapers,  hired  for  one  day,  at 
their  own  board,  4d.  each;  80  men,  for  one  day,  and  kept  at 
the  lady's  board,  4d.  each;  I4.0  ^  men  hired  for  one  day,  at  3d, 
each:  the  wages  of  the  head-reaper  6s.  8d.;  of  the  brewer  3s. 
4d. ;  of  the  cook  3s.  4d.  30  acres  of  oats  tied  np,  l;y  the  jolt 
as  we  now  call  it  (per  tafiom),  is.  8d.;  6  acres  of  bolymong 
cut,  and  tied  up,  by  the  job,  3s.  4d. ;  16  acres  of  peafe,  cut 
by  the  job,  8s.;  5  acres  of  peafe  and  bolymong  cut,  and  tied"  up, 
by  the, job,  2s.  6d. ;  3  acres  of  wheat  cut,  and  tied  up,  by  the 
job,    IS.  lid. 

>  The  meaning  of  this,  I  fuppofe,  is,  that  one  of  the  men  was  employed  only  half 
a  day.  ■      " 

*  Bedre-pes  were  days  of  work  performed  in  harveft  time  by  the  cuftomary 
tenants,  at  the  ^/V^/«^  or  requifiti(-n  of  th(  ir  lords. 

^  The  dairy  was  ictj  which  was  the  rcalun  that  thcfe  articles  were  bought. 

la 


190  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQJJITIES  [Chap. IV. 

In  T389,  the  expences  of  a  carter,  ploughman,  head-reaper, 
cook,  baker,  brewer,  fliepherd,  deye,  221  reapers  hired  for  one 
day,  44  pitchers  ',  ftackers,  and  reapers  (pitcbar.  tajjator.  metent.) 
for  one  day,  2  2  reapers,  hired  for  one  day,  for  good  will  (de 
amore)^  20  cuftomary  tenants;  a  quarters  6  bufhels  of  wheat 
from  the  ftock;  beer  8d.;  5  quarters  i  bufliel  of  malt,  1 8s.  9  7  d.; 
meat  9s.  iijd.;  fifli  and  herring  for  6  bideron  %  4s.  8d. ; 
herrings  for  the  cuftomary  tenants  5d.;  cheefe,  butter,  milk,  and 
eggs,  8s,  3|d.;  oatmeal  5d.;  fait  3d.;  pepper  and  faffron  '  lod.; 
candles  6d.;  5  pair  of  gloves  *  lod.;  difhes  id.;  fpoons  i  jd. ; 
faufets  id, 

*  Hence  a  pitch-fork :  fometimes  called  a  pike,  or  pike-fork  : 

A  rake  for  to  rake  up  the  fitches  that  lie, 

A  pike  for  to  pike  them  up  handforae  to  drie,  Tuffcr. 

*  Bedrepes.     q. 

*  This  oriental  plant  was  firft  cultivated  in  England  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III. 
but  ufed  here  before  he  was  born;  for  in  1309,  when  Ralphe  Bourne  was  inflalled 
abbot  of  St.  Auftin's,  Canterbury,  one  article  of  the  dinner's  expences  was,  fajfron 
and  pepper  33  s.  Lei.  Coll.  vol.  VI.  p.  35.  In  1366,  no  lefs  than  1%  pound  of  fijf'ron 
were  confumed  in  the  houfehold  of  IVIargaret  countefs  of  Norfolk  at  Franilingham 
Caftle,  in  this  county.  Extrad:s  from  her  Reward's  account,  in  my  pofieflion.  It 
continued  long  to  be  a  confiderable  article  of  cookery,  as  well  as  medicine:  "  I 
"  nnift  hzvQ  faff  ran,"  fays  the  clown  in  the  Winter's  Tale,  "  to  colour  the  warden 
*'  pies."  But,  according  to  the  revolution  of  falhions,  its  ufe  has  of  late  much  de- 
creafed,  in  both.  It  was  chiefly  cultivated  in  Norfolk,  Suffolk,  ElTex,  and  Cam- 
bridgelhire  ■■,  now,  I  believe,  only  in  the  laft.  Several  pieces  of  land  in  this  countjr 
ftill  retain  its  name ;  at  Fornham  St.  Genevieve  is  a  piece  called,  the  Saffron  Tardi 
another  at  Great  Thurlow,  the  Saffron  Greimd;  and  a  piece  of  glebe  land  near 
Jinninoham  church  yard,  the  Saffron  Pans,  or  Panes,  fo  named,  I  fuppofe,  from 
jhe  flips,  or  beds,  in  which  the  plants  were  fet. 

Ill  having  but  forty  foot  workmanly  dight. 
Take  faffron  enough  for  a  lord  and  a  knight.  Tufler. 

"It  will  add  but  little -to  the  length  of  this  note  to  obferve,  that  this  is  the  only 
plane  in  the  world,  of  v/hich  the  Chives  (anthera?)  only  are  ufeful. 

*  Give  _g/cT«  to  thy  reapers,  a  iargefs  to  cry.  TufTcr. 

Tlie  rural  bridecrroom,  in  Laneham's  or  Lawgham^s  account  of  the  entertain- 
ment of  queen  Elizabeth  at  Kenelworth  Callle,  in  1575,  had  "  a  payr  of  harveft 
•'  gloves  on  his  hands,  as  a  fign  of  good  hufbandry."  The  monalla^  at  Bury 
allowed  feveralof  its  fervants  zd.  i  ^kcc  for  ^hve/ilv/r,  in  autumn. 

5  2ia 


Chap.  IV.]  O    F       H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  igi 

212  reapers  hired  for  one  day,  3d,  each,  befides  their  board, 
13  acres  of  wheat  cut,  tied  up,  and  trefelled  (trefeland.)  at  yd. 
an  acre;  i  acre  of  oats,  cut,  tied  up,  and  trefelled,  at  5d.;  6 
yards  of  canevas  for  the  table,  I2d. ;.  grinding  5  quarters  T 
bulhel  of  malt,  8d. 

What  a  fcene  of  buftling  induftry  was  this  T  for,  excludve  of 
the  baker,  cook,  and  brewer,  who,K  we  may  prefurae,  were  fully 
engaged  in  their  own  offices,  here  were  553  perlons  employed 
in  the  firft  year;,  in  tl\e  fecond,  52a  \.  -and  in.  a  third,  of  which. 
1  have  not  given  the  particulars,  538  :  yet  the  annual  number 
«f  acres  of  all  forts  of  corn  did  not  much  exceed  200..  From, 
this  prodigious  number  of  hands,  the  whole  bnfinefs  (except 
fome  fnialler  paicels  put  out  by  the  job)  mull  have  been  foon 
finiflied.  There  were  probably  two  principal  days  ;.  for  two. 
large  parties  were  hired,  every  year,  for  one  day  each.  And 
thele  days  were  perhaps  at  fome  diftance  from  each  other,,  as  all 
the  different  forts  of  corn  were  fcarcely  ripe  at  the  fame  time.. 
Yet  1  know  not,  if  the  obj.e£i  was  to  finifli  the  general  harveftin 
2  or  3  days,  whether  all  the  crops  might  not  be  fawn  fo  as  to  bwe 
all  fit  to  he  cui  at  once.  The  farmers  at  prefent  fow  their  different 
grains  witii  a  view  to  a  harvell  of  about  5  wrecks  continuance. 

Thefe  ancient  harvefl.  days  muff  have  exhibited  one  of  the 
'inoft  cheerfid  fpedacles  in  tiie  workL  One  can  hardly  imagine 
a  more  animated-  fcene  thaa  that  of  between-  two  and  three 
■hundred  harveff  people  all  buluy  employed  at  once,  and  enlivened- 
with  the  expedliation  of  a  felHvity,  which  perhaps  they  expe- 
rienced but  this  one  Icafon  in  the  year.  All  the  inhabitants  of 
the  village  of  both  fcxes,  and  of  all  ages  that  could  work,  mull 
have  been  affen^-bled  oa  the  cccafion  ;,  a  mufter,  that  in  .the 
prefent  ftate  of  things  would-be  impoffible.  The  fuccefs-  of  thus 
compreffing  fo  much  bulinefs  into  lb  fhort  a  time  muft  have 
depended  on  the  weather..     But  difpatch  feems  to  have  been  the 

plan: 


ipa  HISTORY    AND     ANTIQ.UITIES         [Chap.  IV. 

plan  of  agriculture;  at  this  ;time,  at  Icaft  in  this  village.  We 
have  feen  before,  that  60  perfons  were  hired  for  one  day  to 
weed  the  corn. 

Thefe  throngs  of  harveft  people  were  fuperintended  by  a 
perfon  who  was  called  the  head-reaper  '  {fupermejbr,  elfewhere 
emphatically  niejfor^  and  prapq/itus),  who  was  annually  ele6led, 
and  prefented  to  the  lord  by  the  inhabitants  ;  and  it  fliould  feem 
that  in  this  village  at  leatl,  he  was  always  one  of  the  cuftomary 
tenants.  The  year  he  was  in  office,  he  was  exempt  from  all 
or  half  of  his  ufual  rents  and  fervices,  according  to  his  tenure; 
was  to  have  his  vidiuals  and  drink  at  the  lord's  table,  if  the  lord 
hept  houle  (fi  dominus  hofpitium  tenuerit)^  if  he  did  not,  he  was  to 
have  a  livery  of  cor4i,  as  other  domeftics  had  ;  and  his  horfe  was 
to  be  kept  in  the  manor  ftable.  He  was  next  in  dignity  to  the 
-fteward  and  bailiff. 

The  hay  harveft  was  an  affair  of  no  great  importance.  There 
■  were  but  30  acres  of  grafs  annually  mown  at  this  period.  This 
Avas  done,  or  paid  for,  by  the  cuftomary  tenants.  The  price  of 
mowing  an  acre  was  6d. 

Leafes  and  rentals  muff  now  continue  this  detail,  as  I  have  no 
more  bailiffs  accounts,  which  throw  light  on  fo  many  particulars 
relative  to  rural  life.  But  I  cannot  difmifs  them,  without  re- 
marking, that  they  are  all  in  Latin,  with  almoft  every  fyllable 
abbreviated.  But  how  abfurd  was  it  for  a  fervant  to  lay  before 
•  his  miftrefs  the  long  detail  of  her  year's  income  and  expences  in 
-a  language  that  was  probably  equally  unintelligible  to  them  both! 
The  perfon  who  audited  the  account,  and  whofe  fee  for  it  always 
appears  as  an  item,  moft  likely  wrote  it  out,  and  explained  it  to 
the  parties.     The  inconveniences  of  thus  tranfa6ting  bufinefs  in 

•  The  perfon,  I  fuppofe,  defigned  by  Tuficr,  where  he  fays ; 
Grant  harvcjl  lord  more  by  a  peny  or  two, 
Tc  call  on  his  fellows  the  better  to  ido. 

an 


Chap.  IV.]  OF        II     A    W    S    T    E    D.  ip3 

an  unknown  tongue  muft  have  been  very  great,  and  the  peiTons 
interefted  muft  have  often  felt  themfelves  much  embarraffed. 
And  therefore  the  countefs  of  Stafibrd,  who  died  17  Henry  Vt. 
faid  with  much  good  fenfe,  "  I  ordeyne  and  make  my  tefta- 
"  ment  in  Enghfli  tonge,  for  my  moft  profit,  rcdyng,  and  un- 
**  derftandyng  '." 

In  141  o,   Sir  VViUiam  Clopton  granted  the  following  leafe  : 

Hec  indentura  teftatur,  quod  Willielmus  Clopton  miles  concefllr,  traciJit,  et  ad 
finnara  dimifit,  VValtero  Bone  de  Bury  Tandti  Edmundi;  manerium  fuum  de  Haufted 
juxta  Bury  in  com.  SiifFolk,  cum  omnibus  Ibis  pertinentibus,  ec  proficuis  predido 
manerio  per  totum  predidum  comitatum  qualitercunque  ipeftaniibus,  exccpta  advo- 
cacioneecclefie  ville  de  Haufted,  una  cum  wardis,  mnritagiis,  releviis,  et  efchaetis ; 
et  ialva  eidem  Willielmo,  in  manerio  pred:do,  aula  cum  cameris,  ctquina,  domo 
molendini,  et  uno  ftabulo  cum  duabus  cameris,  uno  gardino  juxta  aulam,  et 
omnibus  ftagnis  infra  predi£lum  manerium,  cum  libero  ingreflu  et  cgreflu  pro  ie 
et  afllgnatis  fuis,  per  totum  terminum  Tubfcriptum.  Habendum  et  tenendum  pre- 
diflum  manerium,  cum  omnibus  fuis  pertinentibus,  exceptis  preexceptis,  predido 
W'akero  et  aflignatis  fuis,  a  fefto  Pafche  proxime  futuro,  ufque  ad  terminum  et 
finem  .  .  .  annorum  ex  tunc  proxime  iequentium  et  plene  completorum ;  reddendo 
inde  annuatim  predifto  Willielmo  aut  alFignatis  fuis  viginti  libras  legalis  monete, 
ad  fefta  fancti  Michaelis  arcliangeli,  et  pafche,  equis  porcionibus.  Et  predictus 
Walterus  folvet  capitalibus  dominis  feodi  fervicia  inde  debita  et  confueta,  nee  non 
fatisfaciet  penes  dominum  regem,  et  qnofcunque  alios,  pro  omnibus  oneribus  dido 
manerio  per  totum  terminum  fupradiftum  quovis  modo  incumbentibus.  Ac  etiam 
reparabit  et  fuilentabit  omnes  domes  et  muros  predicli  maneril  in  coopertuia  ec 
daubura,  fumptibus  fuis  propriis,  durante  termino  predifto;  excepto  quod  non 
reparabit  aut  fuftentabit  aiiquas  domos  aut  muros  predido  Willielmo  et  affignatis 
fuis  fuperius  refervatos.  Et  predidus  Walterus  Ipppabit  et  fhredabit,  in  predic'io 
manerio,  temporibus  congruis  et  fefonalibvis,  durance  termino  predido-,  excepto 
quod  non  loppabit  aut  (hredabit  arbores  circa  bordara;  foflatorum  predidi  manerii, 
nee  fhredabit  nee  loppabit  arbores  circa  predidum  iDanerium,  durante  termino  pre- 
dido. Et  quod  predidus  Walterus  recipiet  de  predido  Willielmo,  in  principio 
^  termini  predidi,  ftaurum  fubfcriptum,  videlicet,  xx  vaccas,  etj  taurum,  pretium 
cujudibet  capitis  ixs.  mi  (lortos,  pretium  cujuflibet  capitis  xs.;  et  iDJ  boves, 
pretium  cujuQibet  capitis  xnjs.  mjd.  Predidus  Walterus  vult,  et  concedit  per 
prcfentes,  quod  ipfe  liberabic,  et  furfum  veddet  predido  Willielmo,  aut  affignatis 
luis,  totum  prediflum  ftaurum,  in  fine  termini  predidi,  aut  pretium  cujufiibet 
capitis  capiendum  eft   ad  electionem  predidi  Willielmi,  aut   affignatorum   lucrum. 

>  Royal  Wills,  p.  378. 

Co  Et 


J  94  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  1  QJJ  I  T  1  E  S        [Chnp.  IV. 

Et  prediftus  Walteriis  tot  acras  terre  in  predifto  manevio,  in  eadem  cultiira  et  fefona 
aratas,  feminatas,  et  compofatas,  in  fine  termini  predifii  dimittet,  ficut  eas  in  prin- 
cipio  termini  recepit.  Et  predicftus  Willielmus  non  fe  intromitiet  de  fervientibus 
didi  Walteri,  nee  de  cultura  terre  predifti  manerii,  durante  termino  predifto:  nee 
perfequetur  contra  aliquos  fervientes  vel  tenentes  ville  de  Haufted,  infra  terminum 
predidtum,  vel  poft,  pro  aliqua  tranfgrefrione  facta  per  diftos  fervientes  vcl  tenentes, 
durante  termino  predifto.  Et  prediftus  Willielmus  habebit  ayfiamcnta  grangiarum,  et 
domorum  didti  manerii,  pro  bladis  fuis  ibidem  liberandis  ct  ejionerandis,  cum  libero 
ingrefiu&  egreffu,  pro  fe  et  afiignatis  fuis,  a  fetloPafcheproxime  futuro  poft  datum 
prefentium,  ufque  ad  nativitatem  fanifli  Joliannis  Baptifte  tunc  proxime  feqiiens, 
fine  contradictione  predifti  Walteri,  feu  cujufdam  alterius.  Ec  predidlus  Walterus 
habebit  ayfiamenta  grangiarum  et  domorum  predidi  manerii,  pro  bladis  fuis  ibidem 
liberandis  et  exonerandis,  cum  libero  ingrelTu  et  egreflu  pro  ie  et  affignatis  fuis,  a 
i'cCio  Pafciie  infra  terminum  prediclum,  ufque  ad  feftum  nativitatis  fandti  Johannis 
Baptifte  ex  tunc  proxime  fequens,  fine  contradi6lione  predidi  Willielmi,  feu  cujuf- 
cunque  alterius.  Et  fi  preditSla  firma  a  retro  fuerit  in  parte  vel  in  toto,  ad  aliquos 
terminos  fupradictos,  per  quindenam,  tunc  bene  liceat  predifto  Willielmo,  auc 
affionatis  fuis,  in  predifto  manerio,  cum  omnibus  pertinentlbus  fuis  predidis,  et  in 
qualibet  parcella  eorundcm,  diftringere,  et  diftriftiones  abinde  abfugare,  afportare, 
et  removere,  quoufque  de  arreragiis  difte  firme  plene  fuerit  fatisfaftum.  Et  fi  pre- 
diifta  firma  a  retro  fuerit  in  parte  vel  in  toto  ad  aliquos  terminos  fupradlftos,  per 
unum  menfem,  tunc  bene  liceat  predido  Vv'illielmo,  aut  affignatis  fuis,  in  prediftum 
manerium  cum  omnibus  pertinentlbus  fuis,  fimul  cum  omnibus  bonis  et  catallis 
ibidem  inventis,  reintrare,  et  in  priftino  flatu  fuo  retinere,  prcfentl  dimiffione  ullo 
modo  non  obfiante.  Et  ad  omnes  et  fingulas  convenciones  fupradiftas  bene  et 
fideliter  ex  parte  difti  V/a!teri  tenendas  et  obfervandas,  idem  Walterus  obligat  fe  et 
heretics  ec  executores  fuos  in  centum  libris  legalis  monete  folvendis  eidem  Vv''illielmo 
aut  executoribus  fuis,  fi  defecerit  In  premifiis,  vel  in  aliquo  premllTorum.  Et  ad 
omnes  et  frngulas  convenciones  fupradidtas  bene  et  fideliter  ex  parte  didi  W^illielmi 
tenendas  et  obfervandas,  idem  Willielmus  obligat  (c,  heredes  ct  executores  fuos 
in  centum  libris  legalis  monete,  folvendis  eidem  Waltero  vel  executoribus  fuis,  fi 
defecerit  in  premiffis,  vel  in  aliquo  premiflTorum.  In  cujus  rei  teftimonium,  hiis 
indenturis  partes  fupradifte  alternatim  figilla  fua  appofuerunt.  Datum  die  Lune  in 
fefto  fancii  Mathie  apolloli,  anno  regni  regis  Henrici  quarti  poft  conqueilum 
undecimo. 

Though  the  manor,  or  demefne  lands,  above  demifecl,  were 
well  underftood  by  the  parties  concerned,  yet  modern  curiofity  is 
difappointed  at  not  being  informed  of  the  number  of  acres,  as 
well  as  of  the  rent.  The  landlord  referved  to  himfelf  the 
advowfon  of  the  rccilory,  with  the  wards,  marriages,  reliefs,  and 

efcheats ; 


Chap.  IV.]  O    F        H    A    W    S    T    E     D.  195 

efcheats  ;   befules.the  manor-hoiife,  M'ith  its  chambers  ',  kitchen, 
mill-houfe,   a  ftable  with  its  chambers,   a  garden  near  the  houfe, 
and  all  the  ponds.     The  tenant  was  to  maintain   all   the  houfes 
and  walls  (except  thofe  which  the  landlord  relerved  tp  himfcU") 
in  covering  and  daubing  " ;  and  not  lop  and  flired  the  trees  about 
the  borders  of  the    enclofures,  nor  thole  that   immediately   fur- 
rounded  the  manor-houfc.      He  was  to  receive,  at  the   beginning 
of  his  term,   feveral  head  of  live  flock,  the  price  of  which  was 
fixed,   and  which  he  was  to  deliver  up  at  the  expiration  of  it,  or 
their  value  in  money,  at  the  option  of  the  landlord.      He  was 
alio  to  leave,   at  the   end  of  his  leafe,  as  many  acres,   as   well 
ploughed,  fown,    and    manured,   as  he  received  at    firft.      The 
landlord  was  not  to  interfere  with  his  tenant's  fervants,  nor  with 
the  culture   of  land  ;   nor  profecute  any  of  thofe  fervants,  nor 
any  tenants  of  the  village,   either  during,  or  after  the  leafe,   for 
any  trefpalTes  committed  during  that  term.      If  the  rent  was  in 
arrear,  either  in  part,  or  in  the  whole,   for  a  fortnight  after  the 
two  days    of   payment,    the   landlord    might  diftrain  ;   if  for  a 
month,    re-enter  and   re-poflefs.       Each  of  the   parties  bound 
themfelves  to  forfeit  lool.  upon  the  violation  of  any  part  of  the 
agreement. 

What  a  pidlure  of  the   violence  and  diforder  of  the  times  ! 
What  tenant  now  thinks  it  neceffary  to  ftipulate  with  his  landlord, 

'  Thefe  were  probably  fervants- rooms,  which,  as  well  as  the  kitchen,  were  de- 
tached from  the  houfe,  as  I  believe  was  not  uncommon  in  former  times. 

^  Mod  of  our  inferior  houfes,  and  feveral  barns,  Sec.  have  their  walls  Hill  daubed. 
The  compofition  is  a  light  coloured  maris,  dug  a  little  below  the  furface  of  the 
ground,  in  feveral  parts  of  the  village :  it  is  very  tenacious  ;  and  when  well  kneaded 
with  ftraw,  and  fome  additional  chalk,  forms  a  compadt  mortar,  which,  if  tolerably 
flieltered  from  the  weather,  by  projefting  roofs,  and  eves-boards,  or  weather-boards, 
will  laft  50  years.  Cottages  thus  plaftered  or  daubed  are  warm  and  comfortable ; 
their  walls  are  not  fubject  to  grow  moilt  by  change  of  weather  -,  and,  in  my  opinion, 
look  better  than  thofe  in  many  parts,  which  are  formed  of  ill-fhapen  fragments  of 
Hones  cemented  with  a  foil  that  is  yearlv  crumbling  away. 

C  c    2  "  that 


tg6  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES         [Chap.  IV. 

that  he  Ihall  not  interfere  with  the  culture  of  his  farm;  nor  pro- 
lecute  any  of  his  fervants  or  dependants  for  any  mifdemeanours 
they  may  commit  ?  Did  the  tenant  want  to  fcrcen  his  hufband- 
men  from  the  juftice  of  the  law,  or  from  the  arbitrary  violence 
of  his  landlord  ?  ' 

Upon  how  fliort  a  default  of  payment  might  the  tenant's  pro- 
perty be  feized  !  and  how  enormous  was  the  penalty  (no  lefs 
than  five  years  rent)  on  either  party,  upon  the  infradion  of  any 
of  the  articles  ! 

The  jirohibition  of  breaking-up  paftures,  that  was  never 
omitted  in  after-times,  does  not  appear  from  this  leafe  to  have 
been  now  thought  neceffary.  The  tenant  was  only  bound  to 
leave  as  much  and  as  well-cultivated  arable  land,  as  he  had 
received.  Attention  was  even  now  paid  to  the  prcfervation  of 
timber. 

Several  rentals,  about  this  time,  fpecify  rents,  but  not  the 
number  of  acres.  One,  however,  in  1420,  mentions  8  acres 
of  arable  land  let  at  6d.  an  acre.  Another,  in  142 1,  38  acres, 
at  gd.  an  acre;  and  a  garden  at  the  old  rent  of  los.  a  year. 
Land  Teems  not  now  to  have  been  of  more  value  than  it  was 
above  80  years  ago.  Thefe  were  not  the  times  of  improvement. 
In  1448,  the  hay  of  an  acre  was  worth  5s.  which  it  muft  have 
been  in  1359?  when  an  acre  of  meadow  was  worth  5s.  a  year. 

In  149T,  the  abbot  of  Bury  let  two  pieces  of  paiture,  con- 
taining together  1 8  acres,  to  a  man  and  his  wife,  and  their  exe- 
cutors, &c.  for  80  years,  for  6s.  8d.  a  year,  which  is  about  4  '  d. 
an  acre.  The  tenants  were  to  extirpate  ail  the  thorns  growing 
on  the  faid  pall:ures,  within  the  firil:  12  years.  And  if  the  rent 
was  not  paid  on  the  two  ufual  days,  or  if  all  the  thorns  were  not 
extirpated  within  the  time  prefcribed,  the  landlord  might  re-enter, 
and  diftrain  the  tenants,  and  all  their  goods  and  chatels  found 
on  the  farm,   or  e/ft'wbere  in  the  village. 

This 


Chap.   IV.]  OF         H     A     W     S     T     E     D.  197 

This  leafe  marks  very  ftrongly  the  languid  manner  in  which 
hufbandry  was  carried  on,  at  this  period.  There  would,  I  believe, 
be  but  little  need,  in  a  modern  leafe,  of  a  claufe  to  compel  a 
tenant,  upon  pain  of  ejecStion,  to  grub  up  the  thorns  in  his 
paftures ;  the  fevered  condition  he  would  think  would  be,  not 
to  be  permitted  to  do  it.  The  allowance  of  i  2  years  for  clearing 
18  acres,  feems  to  befpeak  no  great  alacrity  in  performing  the 
bufinefs.  The  exadnefs  of  payment,  and  the  extent  of  the 
diftraining  power,  denote  a  great  degree  of  harllinefs  and  feverity. 

From  this  leafe  we  cannot  be  furprii'ed,  that  in  1500,  when 
the  lands  of  the  manor  w'ere  meafured,  "  per  virgam  vocatam 
"  le  ftandard,  continentem  16  |  pedes  in  longitudine,"  none  of 
them,  even  thofe  about  the  manor-houfe,  which  we  may  pre- 
fume  were  moft  valuable,  were  let  for  more  than  is.  6d.  an  acre,, 
and  only  one  piece  reached  that  rent.  is.  4d.  w-as  the  general 
rate.  Pafture  and  arable  land  were  not  diftinguiflied  in  value,- 
This  probably  was  ow'ing  to  the  increafe  of  the  former ;  other- 
wife,  svhat  was  become  of  the  meadows  that  in  1359  were  worth 
5s.   an  acre? 

In  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  (tfie  year  not  fpecified)  31  i-  acres 
of  arable  land  were  let  for  is.  an  acre,  and  34  ^  acres  of  arable 
land,  and  4^  acres  of  meadow,  for  42s;  which  is  is.  an  acre 
for  the  arable,  and  aod.  for  the  meadow. 

In  1536,  4  acres  of  arable  land  were  let  for  4s.  a  year; 
7  acres  for  8s.;  and  Clopton's  clofes  (about  25  acres),  for  20s. 
now  for  20I. 

In  1546,  2  acres,  3  roods,  of  meadow,  wx^re  let  for  14s.  a 
year;  ^  an  acre  of  meadow  for  2s.  6d.  ;  3  acres  of  pafture,  foe 
4s. ;   and  2  acres  of  londe  (that  is  arable  land),  for  2S. 

In  1572,  39  acres,  confifting  of  "  londe,  meadowe  and  paf- 
"  ture,"  w^ere  let  for  2  i  years  for  4I.  9s.  a  year,  which  is  about 
2s.   3d.  an   acre;  the  landlord  referved  to  himfelf  the  liberty  of 

hawking. 


ipS  HISTORY     AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  17. 

hawking,  baying  \  hunting,  and  fouling;  with  power  to  diftrain 
upon  default  of  payment  on  the  ufual  days  ;  and  to  re-enter 
upon  default  of  a  month.  The  tenant  might  ftuhb  and  grubb 
the  buHies  and  briers  growdng  on  the  grounds;  and  eare  %  break 
up,  and  put  in  tillage,  all  the  pafture  grounds,  except  the 
horders  about  the  fame,  where  there  grew  either  wood  or  timber; 
and  might  crop,  lop,  and  flired,  fuch  trees  as  had  been  ufed  to 
he  cropped,  lopped,  and  flireded,  and  none  other.  He  w-as  alfo 
to  lay,  and  leave  the  eareable  land  to  pafture,  one  whole  year 
before  the  end  of  the  leafe. 

The  fame  year,  14  acres  3  roods  were  let  for  21  years,  for 
al.  9s.  2d.  a  year,  which  is  about  3s.  6d.  an  acre.  Alfo  4  acres 
for  4s.  Both  leafes  with  the  fame  articles  as  that  firit  men- 
tioned. 

By  thefe  leafes,  the  tenant  was  left  at  his  liberty,  whether  he 
would  clear  his  fields  from  buflies  or  not.  The  landlord  cove- 
nants and  grants,  that  \\q  //jail  and  7nay  Jlubb,  Sic,  as  if  it  could 
be  a  matter  of  indifference  to  either  party,  whether  the  lands 
were  well  cultivated,  or  half  .their  value  loft. 

The  refTiridlion  that  the  borders  of  the  fields  where  timbe- 
grew,  fliould  not  be  ploughed  up,  was  very  judicious.  In  thoft 
bufliy  belts  that  were  fome  yards  broad,  grew  con fiderable  quan- 
tities of  timber,  and  that  of  the  heft  fort ;  as  trees  that  have 
room  to  extend  their  branches  on  all  fides,  and  are  expofed  to  all 
the  vicifiitudes  of  the  weather,  by  ftanding  fingle,  grow  larger, 
and  of  a  more  comj^ait  texture,  than  thofe  that  are  crowded  to- 
gether in  woods.      The  clearing  of  thefe  borders  in  modern  times, 

'  This  word,  winch  occurs  only  in  this  leafe,  means  rabbet-netting.  A  hay,  fays 
Minfhew,  is  a  net  to  catch  conies.  And  in  the  Suffolk,  Mercury,  tor  6  February, 
1720,  is  advertifed,  as  loft  from  a  warren  in  the  neighbourhood,  *'  A  rabbet-net, 
called  a  htiy," 

^  To  ear  is  to  plough  ;  fo  ufed  in  the  Englilli  tranflacion  of  the  Bible,  and  other 
.contempor.iry  writings.  Eareable,  in  this  lealo,  is  tb-  'me  as  arable.  From  the  Latin. 

wilL 


Chap.  W.]  OF         11     A     W     S     T     E     D.  199 

will,  in  my  opinion,  operate  very  ftrongly  towards  the  cfecreaie 
of  timber.  Some  raajeftic  pollards,  and  other  trees,  the  pro- 
duce of  thefe  nurferies,  ftill  remain  at  a  diftance  from  the 
hedges,  but  will  never  be  fucceeded  by  others,  as  no  foftering 
and  proteiling  bullies  are  now  left. 

It  was  no  lefs  judicious  to  confine  the  tenant  to  lopping  and 
llireding  fuch  trees  as  had  been  before  lopped  and  flircded.  The 
cuftom,  which  prevails  in  many  places,  of  flireding  timber  trees 
to  their  very  fummits,  not  only  deftroys  their  beauty,  but  injures 
their  growth :  for  how  can  a  tree  have  a  large  body  without 
large  limbs  ?  The  pruning  of  trees,  deftined  for  timber,  re- 
quires fo  much  caution  and  judgement,  that  no  country  gentle- 
man fliould  think  that  operation  beneath  his  attention  ;  inftead 
of  which,  it  is  generally  left  to  the  carelefs  and  unflvilful  hand 
of  a  common  labourer,  who  often,  with  a  lingle  ftroke  of  his 
hook,  fpoils  a  tree  that  would  have  been  fit  for  the  navy. 

Harrifon  '  has  accounted  for  the  fcarcity  of  timber,  againft 
which  the  two  laft  mentioned  leafes  guarded  fo  carefully  :  and 
Mdiat  he  fays,  fo  well  illuftrates  the  period  and  fubjeft  of  which 
I  am  treating,  that  I  truft  the  reader  will  not  be  difpleafed  with 
the  tranfcript  of  it.  "  This  fcarfitie  at  the  firft  grew,  as  it  is 
"  thought,  eyther  by  the  induftrie  of  man,  for  maintaynance  of 
■"  tillage,  or  elfe  thorowe  the  covetoufneffe  of  fuch  as  in  prer- 
*'  ferring  of  pafture  for  their  Iheep  and  greater  cattell,  doe  make 
'*  fmall  account  of  firebote  and  tymber :  or  finally,  by  the  crueltie 
"  of  the  enemies,  whereof  we  have  fundrie  examples  declared 
"  in  our  hiitories."  He  proceeds  thus,  a  little  afterwards.  "  Al- 
"  though  I  muft  needs  confelTe,  that  there  is  good  ftore  of  great 
"  wood  or  tymber  here  and  there,  even  now,,  in  fome.  places  of. 
*'  England,  yet  in  our  dayes  it  is  farre  unlike  to  that  pkntie 
•'  which  our  auncefters  have  feene  heretofore,  when  ftately 
"  building  was  lefs  in  ufe.     For  albeit,  that   there  were  then 

'  P.  212. 

**  greateri 


200  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ.UITIES        [Chap,  IV. 

*'  greater  number  of  mefluages   and   manfions  almoft  in   every 
"  place,   yet  were   their    frames  fo   flite  and    flender,  that  one 


a 


meane  dwelUng-houfe  in  our  time  is  able  to  countervayle  very 
"  many  of  them^  if  you  confider  the  prefent  charge,  with  the 
"  plentie  of  timber  that  we  beftow  upon  them.  In  times  paft, 
"  men  were  contented  to  dwell  in  houfes,  buylded  of  fallow, 
"  willov/,  plumme-tree,  hardbeamc,  and  elme,  fo  that  the  ufe  of 
"  oke  v/as  in  a  manner  dedicated  wholy  unto  churches,  religious 
''  houfes,  princes  palaces,  noblemens  lodgings,  and  navigation  ; 
"  butjiow  all  thefe  are  rejected,  and  nothing  but  oke  any  whit 
*'  regarded." 

In  1574,  15  acres  were  let  for  21  years,  for  i8s.  4d.  a  year, 
which  is  lefs  than  I  s.  3d.  an  acre.  The  tenant  was  to  take  only 
two  crops  together  :  he  was  alfo  yearly,  and  every  year,  during 
the  leafe,  at  his  own  proper  coft  and  charge,  to  ftubb,  and  reaf 
up,  all  manner  of  bufhes  and  thorns  upon  a  certain  clofe,  taking 
the  fluiie  in  lieu  and  recompence  of  his  charges,  bellowed  about 
making  clean  the  faid  clofe. 

In  1575,  the  landlord  was  to  receive  in  part  of  rent,  three  cart 
loads  of  barley  ftraw,  good,  fweet,  and  well  ended.  The  laft 
term  is  ftill  ufed  for  inned,  houfed. 

In  1577,  21  acres  in  the  tozvne,  fylds,  and  hamlets',  of  Haw- 
fted,  were  let  for  21  years,  for  il.  us.  8d.  a  year,  which  is 
about  IS.  6d.  aa  acre.  The  tenant  was  to  ftubb  and  reat  up  the 
thorns,   as  before. 

It  was  the  fame  landlord.  Sir  William  Drury,  that  granted 
the  three  laft  mentioned  leafes;  and  by  them  it  fliould  fcem, 
as  if  he  thought  it  neceffiry  that  fome  better  management 
fhould  take  place  in  his  eftate.  For  the  tenants  have  it  not  now 
in  their  option,  whether  they  will  ftubb  up  the  bullies,  or  not ; 
the  landlord  does  not  covenant  and  grant,  that  they Jhall  and  maf; 
but  the  tenants  covenant  and  grant  that  they  ivill',  to  which  they 

are 


Chap.  IV.]  OF      II     A    W    S     T     E     D.  201 

are  encouraged  by  having  the  buflies  for  their  trouble.  The 
bufinefs  however  did  not  promife  to  be  done  in  a  very  hulbandlike 
manner,  as  it  w^s  to  be  repeated  annually. 

Thefe  particulars  may  be  thought  too  minute  ;  but  they  mark 
ftrongly  the  ftate  of  hufbandry  two  centuries  ago. 

In  1580,  the  enclofed  ground  called  t/je  nezv  Park  ',  with  a 
meffuage  called  t&e  Lodge  therein,  Langhedge  meadow,  with  a 
dole  called  the  hlorfe-pafure,  the  Ox-barn^  at  Haw/led  Houfey 
witli  a  chamber  there,  called  the  Mill-boTfe  *  chamber,  the  cai  tcr's 
ftable,  and  the  carter's  chamber,  v/ithout  the  outermolt  gate- 
houfe,  were  let,  for  10  years,  for  5 61.  i8s.  twenty  good  and 
able  loads  of  barley-ftraw,  and  twenty  combs  of  oats,  a  year  ; 
a  fine  of  50I.  being  paid  before  the  execution  of  the  leale. 
The  landlord  might  re-enter,  and  repoffefs,  upon  20  days 
default  of  payment,  the  rent  being  legally  demanded.  I'he 
tenant  was  to  pay  8s.  for  the  tajke  ^,  as  often  as  it  fliould  become 

'  Harrifon  fpeaks  with  indignation  of  the  incrcafing  number  of  parks,  in  his  time, 
as  inimical  to  tillage  and  population.  "  Certes,  if  it  be  not.  one  curfe  of  the  Lorde 
"  to  have  our  countrey  converted  in  fuch  forte  from  the  furniture  of  mankinde, 
*'  into  the  walkes  and  fhrowdes  of  v/y!de  beaftes,  I  know  not  what  is  any."  p.  205. 
*  In  1410,  as  wc  have  feen,  the  landlord  rcferved  to  himfelf  the  7«/7/-^^i7/t'.  Thele 
were  formerly  no  uncommon  appendages  of  a  great  houfe.  Barnaby  Googe,  in  his 
"  Whole  Art  and  Trade  of  Hufbandry,"  printed  1586,  gives  this  account  of  a 
hoiife-mill :  "  when  as  in  a  great  houfe,  there  is  great  need  of  corn  milles,  and  the 
"  common  milles  being  farre  off",  the  way  foule,  and  I  at  mine  own  libertie  to  grind 
*'  at  home,  or  where  I  lift  [which  fometimes  the  principal  lords  would  not  fufter], 
*'  thinking  to  make  a  mille  here  at  home,  when  neither  place  nor  authority  will 
"  ferve  me  to  build  either  a  water-mille,  or  a  wind  mille  ;  and  a  querne^  or  a  hand- 
*'  Kiilk,  doth  but  little  good ;  and  to  build  a  horfe-mille  were  more  troublefonie  : 
■*'  when  I  faw  the  tvheels,  that  they  ufed  to  draw  water,  turned  with  iijfcs,  sr  vicn,  I 
*•  thought  in  the  like  fort,  the  wheel  of  a  mill  might  be  turned,  and  after  this  forr 
*'  devifed  I  this  engine,  -which  a  couple  of  alTes,  guided  by  a  boy,  d<f-eajily  ttirn;  and 
"  make  very  fine  n>eal,  fufficient  for  mine  own  houfe,  and  mod  times  for  my; 
•*  neighbours,  whom  I  fufter  to  grind  toll-free."     p.   10. 

This  mill  was  in  a  back-houfe,  and  faid  to  be  a  new-fafhioned  one. 

^  Tajie  means  tax ;  it  is  elfewhere  called,  take.     Shakfpearc,  in  the  firft  part  of. 

Henry  IV.  has,. tajk'd  the  whole  flate.     And  Holinlhed,  p.  422.  "  There, 

"  was  a  new  and  ftrange  fubfidie  or  taJke  granted  to  be  levied  for  the  king'^  ufe." 
Steevens's  note.  '  ■•    -    • 

D  d  due; 


202         HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES    [Chap.  IV- 

due  ;  to  have  fufficient/'r^-<5oo/^,  plough-boote^  carte-bootey  harrow- 
boote,  and  bedge-boote ;  and  be  diicharged  from  the  payment  of 
all  manner  of  tithes. 

The  provifo  of  the  legal  demand  of  rent,  previous  to  diftrain- 
ing,  occurs  only  in  this,  and  one  other  leafe,  this  reign.  It 
was  a  claufe  very  favourable  to  the  tenant,  as  it  fecured  him  from 
any  fudden  exertion  of  his  landlord's  power.  The  tenant  was 
exempted  from  the  payment  of  tithes ;  not  that  this  park  had 
fvich  exemption  ;  but  probably  becaufe  the  patron,  from  ms 
influence  and  authority,  could  make  a  better  compofvtion  with 
the  re6lor,  than  the  tenant  could ;  an  ancient,  difingenuous 
cuffcom,   not  yet  every  where  abolifhed. 

Here  were  feveral  hop-yards^  as  they  were  called,  at  leaft  as 
early  as  the  year  1581,  as  appears  by  a  furvey  of  the  manor 
then  taken  :  in  161 6,  one  near  the  place .,  containing  i|  acre,  was 
valued  at  2I.   a  year. 

The  cultivation  of  hops  had  been  introduced  into  England  in 
the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  and  feems  to  have  been  early  attended 
to  in  this  county  :  for  Bullein,  who  wrote  "  his  Bulwarke  of 
<*  Defence,"  in  the  middle  of  the  1 6th  century,  mentions  their 
growing  at  Brufiard,  near  Framlingham,  and  in  many  other 
parts.  And  in  '*  his  Government  of  Health,"  he  fays,  "  though 
"  there  cometh  many  good  hops  from  beyond  fea,  yet  it  is 
"  known,  that  the  goodly  t?///^?^  and  fruitful  grounds  of  England 
**  do  bring  forth,  to  man's  vife,  as  good  hops  as  groweth  in  any 
**  l^lace  in  this  world,  as  by  proofe  I  know,  in  many  places  in 
"  the  countie  of  Suffolke,  whereas  they  brew  their  beere  with 
**  the  hops  that  groweth  upon  their  own  grounds."  And  from 
the  manner  in  which  Tufler,  who  was  a  Suffolk  farmer,  about 
the  fame  time,  mentions  them,  and  from  the  frequent  directions 
he  gives  about  their  management,  I  fhould  fuppofe,  that  almoft 
every  perfon,  who  had  a  proper  fpot,  cultivated  fome  at  leaft 
for  his  own  ufe  : 

Meet 


Chap.  IV.J  O    F      H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  203 

Meet  plot  for  a  hop-yard  onct  found,  as  I  told, 
Make  thereof  account,  as  of  jewel  of  gold. 

<«  There  are  few  farmers  or  occupiers  in  the  countrie,"  fays 
Harrifon,  "  which  have  not  gardens  and  hops  growing  of  their 
"  owne,  and  thofe  farre  better  than  do  come  from  Flanders  unto 
**  us  '."    This  crop  has  not  been  cultivated  here  for  many  years. 

It  appears  alfo  by  the  above  furvey,  to  how  great  a  degree  the 
lands  were  negle<5led  ;  pieces  of  terra  et  pajiura  dumofa  et  bojcalis, 
continually  occuring,  and  fome  of  them  in  the  lord's  own  hands. 

In  1589,  24  acres  were  let  for  ti  years,  for  41s.  8d.  a  year, 
nearly  is.  9d.  an  acre.  The  tenant  was  to  pay  takes^  fifteenths, 
tenths,   and  the  tithes. 

By  an  inquifition  taken  at  Bury,  24  Sept.  this  year,  it  appears, 
that  40  acres  of  meadow  and  pafture,  in  this  village,  were  worth 
lol.  a  year,  which  is  5s.  an  acre  ;  and  that  wheat  was  8s.  a 
comb,  barley  6s.   8d.   and  rye  5s. 

At  the  fame  time,  the  farm  called  Hazvjled  Hall  was  let  for 
aol.  a  year,  20  combs  of  wheat,  10  of  oats,  and  3  loads  of 
wheat  ftraw. 

In  1593,  the  court-yard,  being  the  hafecourt  of  the  place, 
or  capital  manlion-houfe  ;  the  bozvling  yard,  and  banks  ^  lying 
near  the  faid  houfe ;  the  orchard,  which  by  an  old  map  appears 
to  have  been  1 1  acres  ;  the  clofe,  or  walk,  called  the  borje-walk  ; 
the  cb'y^.Z'OZ^/"^;  the  hog-yard;  the  paftures,  feedings,  and  grounds, 
within  the  walls  of  the  faid  houfe;  the  old  park,  with  \.\\q  lodge. 
See.  therein  ;  were  let  for  3  years,  for  40I.  a  year,  with  power 
to  re-enter,  and  re-poirefs,  upon  20  days  default  of  payment. 
The  landlord  referved  to  himfelf  the  capital  houfe,  the  moat, 
and    all  other  waters,  and  their  fiflieries  ;    the   pafturage,  and 

'  P.  no. 

*■  Thefe  were  the  terraffes  formed  by  the  earth  thrown  out  of  the  moat. 

D  d  2  walk 


204  HISTORY    AND     A  N  T  I  Q_U  1  T  I  E  S '  [Chap.  IV. 

walk  of  two  geldings  ',  and  of  50  deer,  male  and  female, 
whereof  6  to  be  bucks  ;  and  the  liberty  of  taking  brick  from 
the  clamp  to  repair  the  capital  houfe.  The  tenant  was  to  pay- 
yearly,  to  the  parfon  of  the  chmxh,  one  buck,  and  one  doe  %  in 
feafon,  for  and  in  the  name  of  the  tithe,  payable  out  of  the 
demefne  lands  of  the  manors  of  Havvfted,  Tal mage's,  and  Buck- 
enham's.  He  was  alfo  to  pay  and  deliver  at  the  capital  houfe, 
all  the  corn  and  grain  that  Ihould  grow  or  renew  on  any  of  the 
grounds  during  the  leafe,  if  any  lb  be.  He  was  to  have  to  his 
own  proper  ufe  all  the  deer  in  the  park,  except  thofe  before 
referved.  He  was  to  keep  the  park-pale,  and  the  buildings,  in 
repair,  bing  allowed  timber  for  the  fame :  he  was  to  cherifh; 
and  maintain  the  fruit-trees  in  the  orchard  ;  to  break  up  none 
of  the  paftiu'es  ;  nor  to  affign  over  any  part  of  the  lands  he  had 
hired,   except  by  his  laft  will. 

The  prohibition  of  breaking  up  paftures  feems  to  be  repeated 
in  this  leafe ;  in  one  claufe  it  is  exprefled,  though  without  any 
penalty  annexed ;  in  another  it  feems  to  be  implied,  in 
the  landlord's  taking  all  the  corn,  if  there  fhould  be  any. 
Tbis  prohibition  was  particularly  necelTary  about  this  period, 
when  the  exceffive  exportation  of  corn  had  raifed  it  to  an 
immoderate    price  ^     The  farmer,  tempted  with  this    profpetft 

'  Thele  were  for  his  own  riding ;  as  horfes  for  draught  were  generally  kept  floned. 
See  p.  186.  "  Geldings"  fays  Harrifoi^,  "  are  now  growne  to  be  very  dere  among  us, 
"  cfpecially  if  they  be  well  coloured,  juftly  lymmed,  and  have  thereto  an  eafie 
*'  ambling  pace.  For  our  countrimen,  leeking  their  eafe  in  every  corner,  where  it 
"  is  to  be  had,  delight  very  much  in  thefe  qualytits,  but  chiefly  in  their  excellent 
"  paces,  which,  befides  that  it  is  in  manner  peculiar  unto  hories  of  our  foyle,  and 
*'  not  hurtful  to  the  rider  or  owner,  fitting  on  their  backs ;  it  is  moreover  very 
"  pleafaunt  and  deleft  able  in  hys  eares,  in  that  the  noyfe  of  theyr  well-proportioned 
"  pafe  doth  yceld  comfortable  founde,  as  he  travclleth  by  the  vvaie."  p.  220. 

*  This  was  a  common  compofition  for  the  tithe  of  a  park,  and  continues  ftill  in 
many  places  •,.  as  at  Hengrave,  In  this  neighbourhood. 

3  See  Chron.  Pret.  And  in  1598,  when  the  county  compounded  for  the  provifions 
to  be  delivered  for  the  royal  houlehold,  wheat  was  rated  at  408,  a  quarter. 

I  of 


Ghap.lV.]  O     F       H     A    W     S    T    E    D.  205 

of  gain,  v/ould,  if  not  prevented,  have  broken  up  alibis  paftures, 
and  facriiiced  the  certain  profits  of  his  grafs-grounds  to  the  ever 
more  precarious  ones  of  tillage,  and  which  -would  in  a  great 
meafure  have  ceafed,   when  foreign  demands  flackened.. 

The  humane  attention  to  the  tenant's  family,  in  cafe  of  his 
death,  by  empowering  him  to  aliign  the  farm,  by  his  laft  will^ 
fliould  not  pafs  unnoticed,  at  a  period,  when  people  in  low  life 
appear  not  to  have  been  fo  much  confidered  by  their  fuperiorsj- 
as  they  are  at  prefent  '.  And  in  this  inftance  the  indulgence  is 
the  more  remarkable,  as  it  is  not  likely  that  the  tenant  fliould: 
lay  out  much  money  on  his  farm,  for  fo  fliort,a  leafe. 

The  fame  year,    1593?  a  piece  of  ground  called-  the  Long^- 
Lawne^'i  containing  67  acres,    3  roods — the   Little  Lawne,    iq-,, 

acres,  i  rood — a  grove  q2i\\q(\  Elming  Grove,  23  acres,  3  roods, 

a  little  lazvne  by  it,    1 2    acres,    2   roods — Oakley  wood,  with  the./ 
ponds  and  waters  leading  up  to  the  garden,  44  acres,    3. roods — ^■ 
grounds  and  lawnes  towards  Bury,  59  acres — a  piece  of  ground, 
called  the  Little  Harpe,   3  acres,   5  roods — in  all,    231  acres,   3, 
roods,  being  parcels  of  land  within  or  ntzr  Hawjied  Park,  called 
7i\io  the  great  Park  \  were  let  for  three  years,  for  57I.  13&.  9d.. 
a  year,  which  is  nearly  5s.   an  acre.     Alfo  a  piece  of  pafture, 
called  Bricklefield,  62  acres,   2  roods;   and  a  wood,  lying  therej;,. 
called  Kow  Wood,    13  acres,   3  roods  ;  in  all  76   acres,  1  rood  °: 
were  let  at  the  fame  time,   and  to  the  fame  perfon,   for  1 61.  a 
year,   which  i?  above  4s.  3d.  an  acre.     The  tenant  was  to  have 
all  the  wood  and  trees  that  fliould  fall,  or  be  blown  down,   or: 

'  A  tenant  may  now,  by  law,  dcvife  his  leafe. 

*  In  a  rental  of  this  manor,  made  in  1500,  mention  is  made  of  9  acres  in  campov 
vccato  le  lawnde ;    and  fb  this  word    was  pronounced  by   Shakfpsdre_,    and  hi; 
cotemporarics ;  ^' ' 

Under  this  thick  grown  brake  we'll  fiiroud  onrfelves, 
For  through  this  latmd  anon  the  deer  will  come; 

Hid  Part  of  Henry  YI.  Aft  III.  Sc.l. 
It  was  properly  an  unciiled  plain,  extended  between  woods.        Steevens's  note™. 


5o6  HISTORY    AND     A  N  T  I  QJJ  I  T  I^E  S  [Chap.  17. 

leane  down,  by  the  winds  and  tempeft;  and  if  he  fliould  ftubb 
'  01'  pull  up  any  bulhes  growing  on  his  grounds,  for  cleanfmg  the 
fame,  he  was  to  have  fuch  i")art  of  them  for  his  trouble,  as 
iftiould  pleafe  his  landlord.  The  landlord  was  to  keep  hirfl 
harmlefs  from  all  damages  and  eofts  of  fuit,  which  he  might 
fuftain  for  default  of  payment  of  tithe  or  herbage.  And  if 
the  tenant  broke  up,  and  fowed  with  corn,  any  part  of  his 
grounds,  the  landlord  was  to  have  and  take  one  half  of  the 
corn  growing  thereon. 

In  1 599,  diitraining  upon  default  of  payment  was  not  to  take 
place  till  30  days,  and  then  only  if  the  rent  had  been  lawfully 
demanded. — It  is  pleafing  to  note  thefe  gradual  advancements  of 
forbearance  and  lenity. 

Land,  from  the  above  ilatement  of  its  rents,  feems  to  have 
increafed  but  little  in  its  value,  this  long  and  profperous  reign. 
Even  the  paftures  of  the  park,  towards  the  clofe  of  it,  had  only 
reached  the  rent  of  meadows  200  years  before. 

From  the  negledl  of  paftures,  which,  at  different  times, 
^neither  the  landlord  nor  the  tenant  feem  to  have  been  in  earneft 
in  clearing  from  buflies ;  tillage  was  probably  chiefly  attended 
to,  and  that  too  with  good  fuccefs,  if  we  may  believe  Harrifon, 
who  publi filed  his  defcription  of  Britain  in  1577  :  he  fays,  that 
in  ordinary  years,  each  acre  of  wheat,  one  with  another,  through- 
out the  kingdom,  if  well  tilled  and  dreffed,  would  yield  20 
bufhels;  of  I:)arley,  36  ;  of  oats,  and  fuch  like,  5  quarters. 
And  Tufler,  who  wrote  fome  time  before  him,  fays  the  fame ; 
for  he  thus  divides  corn  harveft  into  ten  equal  parts  : 

1.  One  part  caft  fonh  for  rent  due  out  of  hand. 

2.  One  other  part  for  feed  to  fow  thy  land. 

3.  One  other  part  leave  parfon  for  his  tith. 

4.  Another  part  for  harveft,  fickle,  and  fith. 

5.  One 


Ghap.  IV.]  OF      H    A    W    S-  T    E    D.  20^. 

5:.  One  part  for  ploughwrite,  cartwrite,  knacker  ',  and  fnuth. 

6.  One  part  to  uphold  ihy  teems  that  draw  therewith. 

7.  Another  part  for  fcrvant  and  workman's  wages  laic. 

8.  One  part  likewife  fer  filbcllie  daie  by  dale. 

9.  One  part  thy  wife  for  needful  things  doth  crave. , 
lo.  Thy  felf  and  thy  child  the  hfl:  part  would  have. 

The  tenfold  produce  of  the  feed  fown,  is  about  the  avarage  of 
modern  crops  ;  fo  that  in  this  rcfpedl,  agriculture  has  been  much 
tvie  ianie  for  luo  centuries.  rhe  great  advantage  which  the 
farmer  of  the  prefent  time  has  over  his  predeceffoi ,  in  the  1 6th. 
century,  is  derived  from  turneps  and  clover,  whicli  are  cultivated'i 
in  ibme  parrs,  and  beans  in. others  :  fo  that,  ftridly  fpeaking^  a: 
good  farmer's  arable  land  is  fcarcely  ever  fallov/,  or  unprofitable, 
to  him  :  whereas,  in  the  old  hufbandry,  the  land,  every  third 
year,   when  it  did  not  bear  corn,  bore  nothing. 

In  1603,  Hawfled  Hall^  or  manor-houfe,   with  126  acres  of,, 
land,   fituate.   in   the  towne   and  fields  of  Hawfted,   were  let  to 
William  Crofts,   efq;    of  Bury  St..  Edmvind's,  for  11   years,   for. 
40I.   and    10  combs  of  oats  a  year,   which  is   about  6s.   8d.   an  . 
acre.      The  landlord  referved  to  himfelf  the  liberty  of  keeping- 
courts  in  the  houfe  ;    with  power   of    re-entry   upon   28  days, 
default  of  payment,  or  upon  any  of  the  grounds  being  affigned  S 
to  another.     It  was  covenanted,  that  no  paftures  Aiould  be  broken.;, 
up,  but  no  penalty  was^  annexed. 

Ixw^WyXh^dairy-houfe^  fituate  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  out- 
ward  coiut-yard  of  the  chief  houfe  called  HawJJed  Houfe^  a  bar-ny 
Sec.   a  garden,-  feveral   utenfils  of    houfehold,    the  ufe  of    the., 
brewing  and  baking-houfes  at  the  chief  houfe,   with  five  parcels,  .. 
of  Hawfted  park,    containing   together  155  acres,  were  let  for- 
3  years  for  85 1.   5s.   a  year,   which  is  near  us.   an  acre*     The 

'Knacker  is  ftill  a  Suffolk  word, for  the  perfon  who  inakcs  harjrefs,  collars,  .and' 
leather  turniture  in  general  for  the  farmer. 

landlord  . 


^o8  H  1  S  T  O  R:y     A  N.  D     A  N  T  I  Q  U  I  T  i  E  S         [CFiap,m 

landlord  refei-.veii  to  liirafelf.  the  liberty  of  fupplant'mg^  rcmovino-, 

or  taking   awayj^  any  of  the  fick  am  ore-trees  ',  rofe-trees  %    or 

.  artichokes  %  then  growing  in  the  faid  dairy-garden.     The  tenant 

could  not  affign  the  farm  but  tp  his  wife  or, children,   and    to 

rthofe  only  by  his  laft.wil.l,:   and  if  he  broke  up,   and  fowed,  any 

of  jthe  paflmes,  he  w:as  to  forfeit  \\  of  the  .crop..     He  was,,  to 

:the"{itmc5ft  of  his  power,   to  preferve,   and  dlierifii  up,  the  trees 

p.nd  plnnto,  in  the  gardon  or  orrhard.   and  the' frime  garden   well' 

plant  with  licrbs.  '    He  was  to  pay  40s.  if  he  killed  any. deer  tliat 

fhou'ld  break  inio^  his' fields:  he  was    not  to  .keep'. any  ftpned 

horfe  loofe,  Uild  at  liberty ;   nor  joift   any   mares,  geldings,  or 

-colts,  ,  for  a  fhorter  titiie  than  the  whole  fummer  ;   nor  convert 

intP   hay-ground  a  fpecified  pafture.      The  landlord   difcharged 

him 'from  pay ihg  all  fifteenthsV  tentlis,  taxes,  and  fublidies,''due 

out  of  the  demifed' lands ;'  as  alio  all  tentlis  due  to  the  inciirh* 

bent  of  the  reftof y. 

In  the  fchedule  of  the  utenfils  in  the  milk  houfej  are  Ta^w- 
tiontd  t\vo  cheefe'-^ feds  "^y  and  two  evangele^ffah -.  In 

'  Thoiigh  the,  fickf more-tree  thrives  fo  vvell,  apd  is  now  fo  common  in  England^ 
yet  it  certainly  is  not  a  native.  "  It  is  a  ftranger,"  fays  Gerarde,  who  wrote  in 
1597,  "  in  Englatid,  only  it  groweth  in  the  walks  and  places  of  pleafiire  of  noble- 
"  men,  where  it  is  efpecially  planted  for  the  fhadow  fake.''  It  is  a  native  of  Swit- 
zerland. Thofe  now  mentioned  muft  have  been  nujfery  plants,  and  probably  were, 
the  firft  feen  in  thefe  parts.  '"■'""    ' 

*  The  rofe-trees  were  probably  of  the  fcarcer  kinds.  Sir  Richard  Wellon,  who 
wrote  40  years  after  this,  fays,  "  we  have  red  rofes  from  France." 

^  Evelyn,  in  his  Aceraria,  written  in  1699,  fays  of  the  artichoke,  "  'tis  not 
"very  long  fince  this  noble  thidle  came  firft  into  Italy,  improved  into  this  mag- 
*'  nitude  by  culture,  and  fo  rare  in  England,  that  they  were  commonly  fold  for 
*'  crowns  apiece."  1  hey  were  introduced,  however,  long  before  this  into  our 
gardens;  for  in  Gerarde  there  is  a  print  of  the  globe  kind,  which  he  calls,  cinara 
maxima  Anglica,  and  mentions  the  different  ways  of  drefiing  it.  By  the  attention 
paid  them  in  this  leafe,  they  were  certainly,  at  that  time,  efteemed  rarities. 

*  Cheefebreds  are  Cheefeboards ;  as  the  pax-board,  that  ufed  to  be  kiffed  in  token 
•of  peace  and  amity,  was  fometimes  called  the  pax-bred.  So  alfo  "  a  new  bred  to 
*.'  give  othys  upon,  made  of  wainfcoaic'''  (for  there  were  filver  breds)  occurs  in 
Hiftory  of  Norfolk,  vol.  IF.  p.   609. 

^  Evangektt  (Evangelifts)  Fatts  were,  I  apprehend,  fo  called,  from  being  charged 

vrich 


Chap.  IV.]  OF        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  eog 

In  1615,  the  hovifes,  barns,  and  lands,  c^iWed  Haw/led  Pm'i^ 
were  let  for  i  2  years,  at  thefe  rents ;  every  acre,  not  ploughed, 
and  meafured  to  the  tenant,  9s.;  every  acre  of  meadow,  17s. 
a  year  ;  and  every  acre  of  arable  ground  (which  after  the  fir  ft 
two  years  were  to  be  70)  half  the  corn  that  fliould  grow  on  the 
fame..  The  landlord  referved  to  himfelf  the  walk  of  10  deer, 
in  the  park,  with  liberty  to  hunt  and  take  them ;  and,  befides 
the  ufaal  power  of  entering  upon  the  lands  with  carts  and  horfes 
to  carry  away  timber,  was  to  have  a  paffage  over  them  with 
coaches  '.  The  tenant  was  to  be  difcharged  from  tithes,  for 
which  he  was  to  pay  his  landlord  40s.  a  year,  on  Lammas-day  : 
he  was  to  be  allowed,  by  the  next  tenant,  half  the  expences  he 
fliould  incur,  for  locks  and  keys,  hooks,  hinges,  and  glafs- 
windows  '.     And  upon  the  violation  of  any   of  the  covenants, 

for 

with  the  images  of  thofe  faints,  whicli  were  to  be  imprinted  on  the  cheefes.  The 
War\vick(hire,  and  particularly  the  fage  cheefes  made  in  Gloucefterfhire,  have  ftill 
fometimes  various  devices  on  them.  Almoft  every  thing  belonging  to  our  anceftors 
bore  fome  religious  imprefs.  The  npojlle  fpoons,  formerly  prelented  at  chridenings, 
and  fo  called  from  having  the  figures  of  the  apoftles  at  their  ends,  are  jnot  all  yet 
melted  down.  Mr.  Gough  has  what  might  be  called  an  evafigelet  fpoon,  widi  the 
figure  of  St.  Mark's  lion  on  the  top  of  "the  handle.  Mr.  Pennant,  in  his  Journey 
to  Snowdon,  p.  287.  mentions  the  waijfajl  cup  of  the  apojile,  whom  probably,  adds 
that  ingenious  tr;iveller,  they  invoked  at  the  time  of  drinking.  It  bcre  probably 
the  name,  or  figure,  of  the  faint.  A  ftanding  cup,  called  the  michell;  and  a  broad 
ivhitejiat  pece,  having  a  michell,  were  among  cardinal  Woliey's  plate.  Coll.  Cur.  vol. 
II.  p.  303.  And  I  have  a  fac-fimile  of  a  lady  in  monumental  brafs,  whofe  fantaftic 
head-drefs,  of  the  reign  of  Edward  IV.  is  charged  with.     ILaD^-  •  •  •  ^  3Icf"  i^crcp. 

'  This  is  the  firft  tmie  thefe  carriages  are  mentioned.  They  were  as  yet  rare  in 
the  country.  They  are  fuppofed  to  have  been  firft  introduced  into  England  by  the 
earl  of  Arundel,  in  1580. 

^  This  is  the  firft  claufe  refpefting  glafs  windows;  a  luxury,  probably,  but  juft 
now  introduced  into  farm- houfes  here.  In  15^7,  though  glafs  was  then  much  niore 
common  than  it  had  been,  yet  was  it  ftill  luch  a  rarity,  that  the  ft:eward  of  the 
earl  of  Northumberland  thought  it  advifeable,  that  becaufe  the  glafs  of  the  windows 
of  my  lord's  caftles  and  houfes  through  extreme  winds  did  decay  and  wallc,  the 
fame  Ihould  be  taken  out  and  laid  up  fafe,  during;  his  lordiliip's  abfence.  In  1661, 
when  Mr.  Ray  was  in  Scotland,  the  windows  of  the  ordinary  country  houfes  there 
were  nox  glazed  ;  and  only  the  upper  parts  of  even  thofe  in  the  king's  palaces  had 

«  I'robablv  Jitlpt, 

E  e  glafs  i 


ixo  HISTORY     AND    ANTIQUITIES         [Chap.  IV. 

for  which  no  powef  of  re-entry  was  given,  was  to  forfeit  three 
times  the  value  of  the  damage  fo  incurred. 

In  1 6 1 6,  when  a  furvey  of  tlie  manor  was  taken,  the  demefne 
lands  confifred  of  306  |  acres  of  pafture  and  arable  land,  and 
38  \  of  meadow,  in  all  405  ^,  and  were  valued  at  349I.  a  year, 
which  is  above  12s.  an  acre.  39  \  acres  of  wood  were  valued 
at  12I.  a  year,  wdiich  is  about  6s.  an  acre. 

The  Hall  Farm  confiited  of  175  acres  (8  ^  of  which  were 
meadow)  and  was  valued  at  91I.  7s.  id.  which  is  about  i  os.  an 
acre. 

Great  Pipefs  farm  confided  of  i  38  ^  acres  (8  |  of  which  were 
meadow)  and  was  valued  at  50I.  a  year,  which  is  about  7s.  an 
acre. 

Some  pieces  of  meadow  and  pafture,  near  the  principal  man- 
iion,   were  rated  at  more  than  a  guinea  an  acre. 

The  timber  (called  in  a  furvey  made  in  1581,  grojja  arbor es 
mearemn)  on  the  manor  was  valued  at  1480I.  i  os. 

Among  the  demefne  lands  was  a  piece  of  9  acres,  called  the 
Tarrock.  This  was  formerly  a  fenced  place,  in  which  was  a 
dog-houfe,  and  where  deer  were  kept  in  pens,  for  the  courfe. 
The  fpot  was  to  be  a  mile  long,  and  a  quarter  broad,  and  nar- 
rower at  one  end  than  the  other  '.  In  t  58 1,  it  was  called  le  Pok 
(perhaps  from  its  lliape)  and  faid  to  be,  palis  inclujus^  in  fins 
boreali  parci.  It  is  now  known  by  the  name  of  the  Paddock^  and 
confifls  partly  of  wood,   and  partly  of  arable  land. 

In  1 620,  Bryefs  Wood  Par m  was  let  for  21  years,  for  15I.  a 
year.     Upon  breaking  up  and  fowing  any  of  the  paftures,  their 

glafs ;  the  lower  ones  having  two  wooden  fhutter?,  to  open  atpleafure,  and  admit 
the  frefh  air.  Itin.  p.  187,  188.  And  in  lome  of  the  dillant  parts  of  the  kingdom 
I  have,  within  a  few  years,  obferved,  that  feme  of  not  the  worll  cottages  are  not 
yet  provided  with  glafs  windows  ;  a  comfort,  which  the  pooreft  houfe  in  this  village 
has  long  enjoyed. 
)  See  ample  direiftions  for  this  fport,  in  Dif^ionar.  Ruftic. 

5  "whole 


Chap.  IV.]  OF        HA    W    S    T    E    D.  ttt 

whole  produce  was  to  be  forfeited.  All  the  compoft,  muck,  and 
marlc,  that  fliould  arife  on  the  farm,  was  to  be  bellowed  upon: 
forae  part  of  it :  and  at  the  Chriftmas  before  the  end  of  the 
leafe,  the  landlord  might  enter  and  plough  the  funimer-tilth 
lands,  allowing  the  tenant  3s.   6d.  an  acre  for  them. 

The  fame  year,  a  clofe  called  Upper  Lifmer,  next  Whepfted, 
containing  20  acres,  was  let  for  10  years,  for  lol.  a  year.  The 
tenant  might  ftubb  up  the  buflies,  and  plough  and  fow  the  whole, 
for  the  firft  5  years,  and  was  to  lay  it  down  with  gra'fs,  the  lad  5, 
in  the  beft  and  moft  hufbandly  falhion.  He  was  not  to  cut 
and  plafli  the  quickfets,  but  at  feafonable  times ;  and  was  to  lay 
the  hedges  after  the  moft  hufbandly  failiion. 

This  is  the  iaft  time  we  hear  of  flubbing  up  buflies :  rent  of 
land  was  now  become  too  ferious  an  affair  for  the  tenant,  though 
not  bound  by  covenants,  to  fuffer  them  to  reign  undillurbed. 
To  eradicate  them  entirely  was  referved  for  a  future  period. 

In  1625,  20  acres  were  let  for  18  years,  for  61.  13s.  4d.  a 
year,  which  is  63.  8d.  an  acre.  Five  years  before  the  end  of 
the  leafe,  one-third  of  the  arable  land  was  to  be  laid,  and  kept 
to  pafture. 

This  period,  from  1603,  the  peaceful  reign  of  James  I.  flands 
confpicuous  for  an  aflonifliing  and  unequalled  increafe  of  the 
value  of  land.  The  rents  are  now  more  than  double  of  what 
they  were  even  at  the  clofe  of  the  Iaft  reign  :  yet  in  that  the 
foundation  of  their  prefent  advance  muft  have  been  laid  ;  and  in 
many  parts  of  the  kingdom  the  advance  muft  then  have  aflually 
taken  place;  for  in  1593,  wheat  might  be  exported,  when  it 
did  not  exceed  20s.  a  quarter;  whereas  in  1563,  it  was  not  to 
exceed  los.  In  1624,  wheat  might  be  exported  when  it  did  not 
exceed  32s.  a  quarter. 

That  the  rents  of  land  in  this  village  were  not  advanced  to 
any   confiderable  degree,    during  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  mull 

E  e   2  have 


812  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQUITIES  [Chap.  IV. 

have  beea  owing  to  the  indolence  or  indulgence-  of  an  opulent 

landlord,   who  did  not  feize  the  earliefl:  opportunity  of  increaiing 

his  revenue.      That  great  advances  fnuft^have  been  made  in  other 

jjarts,   is  evident,   as  has  been  juft  obferved,  from  the  different 

prices,   at  which  wheat  might  be  exported  in  an  interval  of  only 

30  years,   from    1563   to  1593.      Harrifon,  who  publirned  his 

defcription   of  Britain   during  that  period,   has  noticed  the  caufe 

of  this  revolution :  "  certainly,"  fays  he,  "  the  foyle  is  eten  now 

*'  in  thefe  our  dayes,  growne  to  bee  muche  more  fruitefull,  than 

"  it  hath    been   in  times   paft.      The  caufe   is,    that    for  our 

*'  countriemen   are   growne  to  be  more   payneful,   fkilful,  and 

"  careful,    thorowe    recompence    of  gayne\    infomuch    that    my 

*'  fynchroni,    or  time  felowes,  can  reap  at  thys  prefent  great 

"  commoditye  in  a  lyttle  roume  ;    whereas    of    late  yeares,   a 

"  great  compafie  hath  yeeldcd  but  fmall  profitc,   and  thys  onlye 

"  thorowe  the  idle  and  negligent  occupation  of  fuch  as  manured, 

^*  and  had  the  fame  in  occupying  '."   ,  He   has   elfewhere  re- 

rnarked  the  improved  condition  of  the  farmer,   and  embclliflied 

the    paffage  with   fuch   lively  ftrokes  of    rural  charader,    and 

economy,   that  I  cannot  forbear  tranfcribing  it ;   "  So  common 

*'  were  all  forts  of  treene  vefTels  in  old  time,  that  a  man  Ihould 

*'  hardly  find  four  pieces  of  pewter  (of  which  one  peradventure 

"  was  a  falte)  in  a  good  farmer's  houfe  ;   and  yet,  for  all  this 

*'  frugality  (if  it  may  fo  be  juftly  called)  they  wxre  fcarce  able 

*'  to  live,   and  pay  their  rents,   at  their  days,  without  felling  of 

*'  a  cow,  or   a  horfe,  or  more,    although   they  paid  but  four 

*'  pounds  at  the  uttermoft,  by  the  year  \      Such  alfo  was  their 

"  poverty,  that  if  fome  one  od  farmer  or  hufbandman  had  been 

at  the  alchoufe,  a  thing  greatly  ufed  in  thofe  days,  amongft 


<( 


'  r.  109. 

*  This,  fays  the  marginal  note,  was  in  the  time  of  general  idlcncfs. 

"  fix 


Chap.  IV.]  OF         H     A    W     S     T    E     D.  213 

*'  fix  or  feven  of  his  neighbours,  and  there,  in  a  bravery,  to 
"  lliew  what  ftore  he  had,  did  call  down  his  jjurfe,  and  therein 
"  a  noble,  or  iix  fliilHngs  in  filver,  unto  them,  it  was  very  Hkely 
"  that  all  the  reft  could  not  lay  down  fo  much  againft  it.  Whereas, 
"  in  my  time,  although  peradventure  four  pound  of  old  rent  be 
"  improved  to  forty  or  fifty  pound,  yet  .will  the  farmer  think 
*'  his  gains  very  fmall  toward  the  midft  of  his  term,  if  he  have 
*'  not  fix  or  feven  years  rent  lying  by  him,  therewith  to  purchafe 
*'  a  new:  leafe  ;  befides  a  fair  garnifti  of  pewter  on.  his  ccwbord, 
*'  three  or  four  feather-beds,  fo  many  coverlets,  and  carpets  of 
*'  tapeftry,  a  filver  falte,  a  bowle  for  M'ine  (if  not  a  v.'hole  neft) 
"  and  a  dozen  of  fpoons,  to  furnifli  up  the  fute.  This  alfo  he 
**  taketh  to  be  his  own  clear ;  for  what  flock  foever  of  money 
*'  he  gathereth  in  all  his  years,  it  is  often  feen,  that  the  land- 
"  lord  will  take  Ibch  order  with  him  for  the  fame,  when  he 
"  reneweth  his  leafe  (which  is  commonly  eight  or  ten  years 
"  before  it  be  expired,  fith  it  is  now  grown  almoft  to  a  cuftom, 
<'  that  if  he  come  not  to  his  lord  fo  long  before,  another  fliaU 
<'  ftep  in  for  a  reverfion,  and  fo  defeat  him,  outright)  that  it 
**  fliall  never  trouble  him  more  than  the-  hair  of  his  beardr,! 
"  when  the  barber  hath  walhed  and  fliaven  it  from  his  chin  '." 
Tuffer,  who  wrote  in  the  fame  reign,  talks  alfo  of  fines,   and 

high  rents  : 

Great  fines  fo  neere  did  pare  me,  .      .    ,  , 

Great  rent  fo  nuich  did  ficare  me. 
Though  country  health  long  ftaid  me, 
Yet  leafe  expiring  fraid  me. 
So  by  the  leafe  of  1580,  recited  above,  it  appears  that  the 
landlord  received  a  fine  of  50I.  upon  granting  it. 

In  1627,   9  I  acres  were  let  for  twelve  years,  for  3I.  los.  a 
year,  which  is  rather  above  7s.  an  acre;  and  39  acres  for  20  1. 

'  P.  189. 

which 


214  HISTORY    AND    ANTI  QJU  I T  I  E  S  ["Chap.  IV. 

which  is  about  los.  4.6.  an  acre;  the  whole  wa's  in  threS  pieces, 
called  /^^  Lifmers,  The  tenant  was  not  to  plough  any  of  the 
lands,  except  for  the  firft  feven  years ;  after  which,  the  whole 
was  to  be  laid  to  pallure,  upon  penalty  of  5I.  for  every  acre  not 
fb  laid.  .^^"i:  ■ 

In  1628,  the  houfe  called  tbe  Dairy,  and  341  acres  i  rood, 
in  7  pieces,  chiefly  pafture,  being  part  of  the  great  park,  be- 
longing to  the  chief  houfe  called  Hazvjied  Place,  were  let  for  7 
years,  for  137I.  8s.  9d.  a  year,  which  is  about  8s.  an  acre." 
The  tenant,  if  he  broke  up,  and  fowed  any  of  the  paftures, 
was  to  forfeit  the  v/ho!e  crop.  He  might  crop  and  lop  fuch 
pollards  '  as  had  before  been  cropped  and  lopped. 

The  fame  year,  112  acres,  part  alfo  of  the  great  park,  lying 
in  the  parifli  ^  of  Hawfted,  were  let  for  6  years,  for  61I.  is.  7d. 
a  year,  which  is  about  iis.  an  acre.  The'tenant,  upon  break- 
ing up  and  fowing  any  of  the  paftures,  W' as  to  forfeit  5s.  yearly 
for  every  rood  fo  broken  up. 

In  1633,  62  acres,  2  roods,  were  let  for  21  years,  for  42I. 
15s.  3d.  a  year,  which  is  about  13s.  8d.  an  acre.  The  tenant 
had  liberty  to  break  up  and  fow  o^ly  2  \  acres,  and  that  only  for 
the  firii  11  years. 

In  1635,  92  acres,  parcels  of  the  great  park,  were  let  for  21 
years,  for  49I.  is.  7d.  a  year,  which  is  about  los.  8d.  an  acre. 
The  tenant  was  to  forfeit  40s.  a  year,  additional  rent,  for  every 
acre  of  pafture  which  he  fliould  plough  and  fow. 

In  1636,  57  acres  were  let  for  10  years,  for  29I.  8s.  6d.  a 
year,  which  is  about  ids.  4d.    an  acre,  with  the  fame  penalty 

'  This  is  the  firft  time  this  word  occurs.  In  1632,  are  mentioncJ  all  fuch  trees, 
pollards  and  hiifbands  as  bear  tops  for  fireing. 

*  I'his,  I  think,  is  the  firft  time  that  any  deed  in  my  poflefilon  ufes  this  word. 
The  Latin  term  is  villa :  and  in  Englifti  deeds-,  the  lands  are  defcribed  as  lying  in 
the  town,  townftiip,  and  fields  of  Hawfted.  Anciently,  a  diftridlj  when  confidcred 
ecclefiaftically,  was  called  apivi/h-,  when  civilly,  a  ^77/,  or  toivti.  But  the  word 
parijtj  is  now  fo  generally  uled,  that  the  diflindlion  is  nearly  loft. 

upoii 


Cl-np.IV.]'  OF        H     A     W    S     T     E     D.  215 

upon  breaking  up  paftures,  as  in  the  laft.  16  cait  loads  of  muck 
were  to  be  laid  yearly  on  fome  of  the  arable  lands;  and  the  great 
cattle  foddered   in  winter  with  hay,   en  the  palhirts. 

In  1658,  the  Hall  Farm  w^s  let  for  1 1  years,  for  1 1  J-^1.  a  year. 
Upon  28  days  default  of  payment,  the  demife  was  either  to  be 
void,  or  the  landlord  might  diftrain  at  bis  option.  The  tenant 
might  not  aflign  the  farm  to  any  perfon  whatever ;  and  was 
to  forfeit  40s.  a  year  for  every  acre  of  paflure  which  lie  Ihould 
break  up. 

In  all  thefe  leafes  from  1603,  diftrefs  was  to  take  place  upon 
28  days  default  of  payment,  without  the  previous  legal  demand 
of  the  rent ;  a  provifo  that  had  been  admitted  in  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth,  and  which  was  fo  favourable  to  the  tenant,  that  it 
Ihould  feem,  by  the  omiffion  of  it,  as  if  the  landlord  wiilied 
to  keep  him  in  perpetual  terror.  In  oppofition  to  this  mult  be 
fet  the  humane  claufe,  that  empowered  the  tenant  to  aflign,  by 
his  lafl  will,  his  farm  to  his  wife  or  children,  or  his  executors 
for  the  performance  of  his  will :  an  indulgence,  which  I  fup- 
pofe  was  often  found  fo  detrimental  to  the  eftate  (for  who  can 
fay,  ^lales  fint  pucri^  qualijque  futura  fit  uxor  f)  that  it  was 
denied  in  1658,  and  never  afterwards  granted '.  The  tenants 
were  in  general  to  pay  all  the  town  charges;  and  repair  the  build- 
ings, being  allowed  timber  for  that  purpofe  ;  as  well  as  wood 
for  fireing,  and  for  implements  of  hufbandry. 

In  1682,  the  following  wages  of  fervants  and  labourers  ii> 
hufbandry,  were  rated  and  appointed  by  the  juftices  of  the 
peace,  at  their  quarter  feffions,  holden  at  the  neigbouring 
town  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's,   34  April. 

Wages  by  the  year.                           A  2d  hind  or  hufbandman,  or  /.    s,  d. 

h    s.    d.         common  fervanc  above  18 

A  baylifFe  in  hufbandry      —600         years  of  age         —         —  3   10  o 

A  chief  hulbandman,  or  carter  500     A  fourth  under  18         —  2   10  o 

A  dairy- maid  J  or  cook       r-z  2  lu  o 

•  Yet  the  law  will  allow  it,  unlefs  the  tenant  exprefsly  gives  it  up. 

"The 


£-.6  HISTORY    AND     A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S        [Chap.  IV. 


The  bed  hired  fervants,  with  I.    s.    d. 

meat  and  drink,  for  harvefl  i      2     o 

An  ordinary  harveft  man     —  018     o 

Wages  by  the  day. 
A  man  hay-maker,  with   meat 

and  drink         —         —  005 

A  woman  hay- maker         —  o     o     j 

A  man  reaper  in  harvefl:     —  o     010 

A  woman  reaper         —    —  006 


A  common  labourer  at  other 

times.  /.     s.    d. 

In  fummer  —         —         006 

In  winter         —         —     —     005 

Wumen,    and   fuch    perfons, 
weeders  —  —         003 

Without  meat  and  drink,  their 
wavies  Were  doubled. 


The  fame  year  the  Hall  Farm  was  let  for  3  years  for  only  105I. 
a  year.  The  liberty  of  keeping  courts  in  the  houfe  was  reftrved. 
The  time  of  re-entry  upon  default  of  payment,  was  extended  to 
40  days,  and  only  then  after  a  legal  demand  of  the  rent ;  a  claufe 
that  has  continued  to  this  day.  Former  penalties  upon  breaking" 
np  paihires  were  either  found  inconvenient,  as  the  forfeiture  of 
all,  or  fome  part  of  the  crop,  or  inadequate,  as  40s.  an  acre  ; 
the  penalty  was  therefore  now  fixed  to  5I.  an  acre,  additional 
yearly  rent,  which  is  flill  continued,  except  in  an  infrance  or  two, 
where  it  is  unnecefTarily  increafed  to  lol.  The  tenant  was  now, 
for  the  I  aft  time,   allowed  cart-boote  and  plongh-boote. 

In  1723,  Bryefs  IFood Farm' w^islQt  ^ov  12  years,  for  29I.  5s. 
a  year.  Th6  tenant,  befides  the  crbppings  of  pollards,  was  to 
have  the  bodies  of  dead  or  dotard  trees  \  for  fireing. 

In  1732,  the  tenant  was,  as  ufual,  to  keep  the  hedges  in  repair, 
being  allowed  bulhes  and  flakes  for  the  fame,  as  well  as  the  fluff 
and  Jljravel  zvood  ~  that  fliould  arife  therefrom,  towards  the 
charge  of  doing  the  fame.  He  V/as  alfo  to  beftow  on  fome  part 
of  the  lands  one  load  of  good  rotten  muck  (over  and  above  what 
was  made  on  the  farm)  for  every  load  of  hay,  ftraw,  or  flover, 
which  he  fliould  carry  off  them.  The  duty  of  fending  teams 
into  the  highways  for  their  repair,  firfl  occurs  in  this  leafe,   and 

'  Pollard  trees,  that  would  produce  no  more  wood  for  lopping.  Dc'ard,  or 
rotten  trees,  occur  in  a  furvey  of  the  pofleflions  of  the  archbifliop  of  Canterbury, 
taken  in  1646.     Bib.-Topog.  Brit.  N°  Xil.    Append,  p.  54.  ' 

*  Sco  JI:ri/ff,  in  the  lift  of  words  ufed  in  this  neii^hbourhood,  p.  173. 

from 


Chap.  IV.]  OF      H    A    W    S     T    E    D.  117 

from  which  the  landlord  exempts  the  tenant,  though  he  was  to 
pay  all  fuch  taxes,  aflTeffnients,  and  levies  as  fliould  he  laid  on 
his  farm  for  the  king's  majcfty,  commonly  called  the  land-tax,  as 
alfo  the  poor  and  church-wardens  rates,  with  the  tithes  great 
and  fmall.  The  annual  quantity  of  wood  for  fireing  was  now 
firft  limited;  it  was  to  be  8  loads  of  one  bi7id  wood^  worth  los, 
a  load,  at  the  ftubb,  to  be  cut,  made  up,  and  carried  at  the 
tenant's  expence.     His  rent  was  81I.  a  year. 

In  1740,  the  tenant  was  to  leave,  the  laft  year  of  his  leafe, 
one-third  of  his  arable  land  fummer  tilled,  ploughed,  and  fal- 
lowed, in  three  clean  earths  and  a  rove  ',  for  which  he  was  to  be 
paid  according  to  the  cullom  of  the  country.  No  croppings  of 
pollards  were  to  be  taken  of  lefs  than  1 2  years  growth. 

I^'i  I753>  when  P/7?/br^£«^F^r;«  was  let,  the  penalty  upon 
breaking  up  paftures  was  enlarged  to  lol.  an  acre.  All  the  com- 
poft,  dung,  foil,  and  ajhes,  arifing  on  the  farm,  were  to  be 
bellowed  upon  it.  Only  two  crops  together  were  to  be  taken  on 
any  of  the  arable  lands  ;  provided,  if  the  faid  lands  fhould  be 
fown  with  clo'jer  or  rye-grafs,  and  the  fame  Ihould  not  be  mowed 
or  feeded,  but  fed ;  or  if  fown  with  iurnepSy  and  the  fame  fpent 
or  fed  on  fome  part  of  the  farm,  fuch  clover,  rye-grafs,  and 
turneps,  fliould  not  be  efteemed  a  crop.  The  landlord  was  either 
to  fet  out  yearly  a  fufficient  quantity  of  wood  for  the  tenant's 
fireing,  or  allow  him  coals  in  lieu  of  it.  The  tenant  was  alfo 
to  be  allowed  2s.  for  every  waggon  load  of  dung  or  cinder 
afhes,  which  he  fhould  bring  from  Bury,  and  lay  on  his  lands. 

This  leafe  prefents  us  with  feveral  remarkable  particulars  in 
rural  economics.  The  q/hes  firft  mentioned  were  thofe  of  wood, 
and  were  now  attended  to,  as  it  had  become  a  cuftom  to  fell 
them  to  the  foap-boilers,  who  vifited  every  houfe,  with  light 
quartering  carts,  to  colle<5t  them.     There  are  fcarcely  any  roads 

*  A  rove  is  half  a  ploughing :  two  furrows  are  made  inllead  of  four. 

F  f  impradicable 


Bi8         HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES    [Chap.  IV. 

impradicable  to  thefe  adventurous  vehicles.  When  a  tenant  w^as 
to  profit  by  the  coniumption  of  fewel,  it  was  not  likely  he  fliould 
be  very  fparing  of  it. 

This  is  the  earlieil:  leafe  I  have,  in  whicb  rye-grafs,  clover, 
and  iurneps,  though  long  before  cultivated  here,  became  objed's 
of  confideration  between  the  landlord  and  tenant.  The  firft 
(loUum  perenne)  is  a  native  of  England,  and  has  been  long  fown. 
as  fodder  for  cattle ;  it  ought  to  be  called  7'^-grafs,  its  old  and 
proper  name.  The  fecond  is  laid  to  have  been  introduced  into 
England  in  1645  '  ;  and  was  firft  feeded  in  this  parifli,  the  be- 
ginning of  this  century.  About  the  fame  time,  turneps  alfo,  that 
capital  addition  to  modern  hufbandry,  were  firll  fown  here,  as 
a  crop,  by  the  fame  perfon  that  feeded  clover  :  and  as  it  has  been 
thought  no  difgrace  to  a  nobleman,  to  have  it  recorded  of  him, 
that  he  firft  cultivated  this  moft  iifeful  vegetable,  on  a  large  fcale, 
in  the  contiguous  county  of  Norfolk ;  I  hope  to  be  excufed  in 
refcuing  from  oblivion  the  name  of  Michael  Houghton,  who, 
about  the  year  1700,  fowed  the  firft  two  acres  of  turneps  ever 
feen  in  this  parifli.  And  it  may  perhaps  gratify  local  curiofity 
to  be  told,  that  Mr.  Metcalfe's  prefent  garden  was  part  of  that 
fpot.  I  had  this  information  from  an  old  man,  now  alive,  who 
■was  born  in  1692  ;  and  who  well  remembers,  that  he  wasftruck 
with  the  novelty  of  this  crop,  when  he  was  a  fchool  boy,  which 
he  ceafed  to  be  when  he  was  nine  or  ten  years  old. 

The  deftruftion  of  wood  had  been  guarded  againft,  with 
greater  or  lefs  ftrid:nefs,  in  almoft  every  foregoing  leafe.  The 
quantity  of  it  for  fireing  had  for  fome  time  been  limited  ;  and 
timber  for  implements  of  hufbandry  withholden  ;  but  its  fcarcity 
was  now  become  ferious ;  and  this,  I  believe,  is  the  firft  time 
that  coals  were  thought  of,  as. fewel,  for  a  farm-houfe  in  this 
parifli. 

'  Aubrey's  Surry,  vol.  III.  p.  229. 

The 


Chap.  IV.]  O    F       H    A    W    S    T    E     D.  219 

The  allowance  of  2s.  for  every  load  of  manure,  which  the 
tenant  fliould  bring  from  Bury,  and  lay  on  his  farm,  will  pro- 
bably, at  this  time,  excite  our  wonder ;  but  this  wonder  will  be 
fwallowed  up  by  one  infinitely  greater,  upon  our  being  affured, 
that  during  the  21  years  the  landlord  was  charged  with  only 
one  load.  Pofterity  will  almoft  withhold  its  belief;  but  1  vouch 
for  the  truth  of  it. 

About  the  fame  time,  another  tenant  had  it  not  left  to  his 
option,  but  was  obliged  to  bring  annually  from  Bury  30  loads 
of  manure,  to  lay  on  his  farm,  for  which  he  was  alfo  to  be 
allowed  2s.  a  load.  This  tafk  he  performed  with  relu6tance; 
and  often  feemed  afraid  of  over-loading  his  waggon. 

Thefe  are  mentioned  as  two  curious  inftances  of  the  late  race 
fof  farmers.  They  lived  in  the  midllof  their  enlightened  neigh- 
"bours,  like  beings  of  another  order ;  in  their  perfonal  labour, 
they  were  indefatigable;  in  their  fare,  hard ;  in  their  drefs, 
homely ;  in  their  manners,  rude.—"  We  Re'er  fliall  look  upon 
**  their  like  again."  '.''  i  '  ^•    '' 

In  1782,  clover,  if  feeded  on,  or  from  a  fecond  crop,  and 
turneps,  if  not  fpent,  or  fed,  upon  fome  part  of  the  farm,  were 
to  be  efteemed  as  crops  of  corn.  The  tenant  was  to  fpend,  fodder^ 
and  lay  ail  the  hay,  ftraw,  halm,  afhes,  chaff,  colder  ',  and 
flover,  that  ftiould  arife  on  the  farm,  upon  fome  part  thereof,  f 

Thus  have  I  thrown  together  whatever  relates  to  the  hirtory 
of  cultivated  land  in  this  village  :  and  it  is  my  willi,  that  the 
jmperfedions,  not  only  in  this,  but  other  divifions  of  this  effay, 
may  ilimulate  others  to  corredt  them,  by  favouring  the  public 
with  the  hiilories  of  other  parilhes  in  the  county.  It  is  only 
by  the  united  efforts  of  many  that  any  fubjec^  can  be  fufficiently 
illuftrated. 

Called  alfo  caving.     It  means  thofe  ?ars  of  wheat.  In  which  the  corn  will  not 
feparate  from  the  chaff,  without  being  threfhed  by  chemlelves. 

F  f  2  Some 


aao  HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  1  Q_U  1  T  1  E  S  [Chap.  IV. 

Some  may  perhaps  think,  that  I  have  been  too  minute  in  my 
detaiL  To  this  it  may  be  repUed,  that  to  trace  the  progrefs  of 
any  art  or  employment,  that  has  engaged  the  induftry  and  atten- 
tion of  man,  has  always  been  efteemed  at  leail  an  amufmg,  if 
not  an  iifefvd  difquifition.  To  attempt  therefore  a  hiftory  of  the 
agriculture  of  even  a  fingle  pariih,  as  forming  a  part  of  that 
greateft  of  national  objecfts,  and  upon  which  the  ftatefman  and 
philofopher  have  fo  often  bellowed  their  thoughts,  and  a  con- 
iiderable  and  very  valuable  clafs  of  our  fellow  creatures  their 
labour,  cannot  be  deemed  a  trifling  defign.  The  execution  may 
be  feeble  ;  but  the  fubje6t  is  important. 

I  fliall  now  fubjoin  a  few  particulars  of  the  prefent  ftate  of 
hufbandry.  The  farms  are  in  general,  from,  four  to  about  fix 
fcore  pounds  a  year,  at  about  14s.  or  15s.  an  acre,  cultivated 
by  perfons  who  need  not  be  alliamed  at  the  difplay  of  their 
operations.  This  place,  as  being  near  a  large  town,  in  a  v/ell 
inhabited  part  of  the  kingdom,  and  generally  the  refidence  of 
fome  family  of  confequence,  has  never  probably  been  the  laft 
in  admitting  any  improvements  in  the  arts  of  civilized  life  ;  and, 
in  general,  all  maritime  diftridls,  as  being,  for  the  moft  part, 
better  peopled,  and  more  open  to  intercourfe  with  ftrangers,  than 
the  more  centrical  ones  ',  may  be  prefumed  to  have  preceded 
them  in  every  kind  of  refinement.  Agriculture  therefore  has 
been  conduced  here,  for  fome  years,  in  the  fpirited  manner  of 
modern  times.  The  farms  have  in  general  been  occupied  by 
men  of  fubftance,  who  employ  at  leaft  twice  the   number  of 

*  Thefe  ufed  to  be  called  uplanjijh,  a  term  that  implied  an  inferiority  in  civi- 
lization. Harrifon,  in  his  Delcription  of  Britain,  mentions  uplana:Jh  tczvns.  And 
Dr.  Bullein,  his  contemporary,  gives  a  hun'ourous  defcription  of  a  perfon,  whom 
he  calls  '■  a  barbarous  uplandijh  jenkyvg."  Compounds,  p.  56.  *'•  Uplondijh  mm'wWX 
*♦  counterfete,  and  liken  himi'elf  to  gentilmen."  Trevifa's  tranflation  of  Higden, 
as  quotes!  by  Dr.  Ik nry.  But  a  general  diffulion  of  knowledge  and  politenels  has 
for  many  years  worn  away  this  diftin(Sion. 

labourers. 


Chap.  IV.]  ;0    F      HAWS    T    E    D.  221. 

labourers,  that  formerly  wrought  on  the  fame  fpots;  and  whofe 
calculation  is,  that  a  man,  at  his  entering  upon  a  farm,  if  he 
would  ftock  it,  and  manage  it,  as  it  ought  to  be,  lliould  have  ai 
hundred  pounds  in  his  purfe,  for  every  fcore  pounds  of  rent. 

One  great,  perhaps  the  greateft  improvement  of  which  this> 
flrong  foil  is  capable,  is  the  drainage  of  the  arable  lands,  of; 
many  of  which  wet  is  the  malady.  The  drains,  cut  with, 
curious  tools  made  on  purpofe,  are  about  two  feet  deep,  wedge— 
fliaped,  and  filled  at  bottom  with  bu(hes,  and  over  them  with, 
halm,  upon  which  the  earth  is  laid.  Six  or  feven  fcore  rods- 
of  thefe  drains,  at  2d;' a  rod,  are  generally  cut  upon  an  acre,  and,, 
with  other  expences,  amount  at  leaft  to  30s.  This,  it  is  plain,, 
is  a  coftly  operation,  but  it  has  fertilifed  fpots  that  before  pro- 
duced but  little,  and  repays  the  tenant,  the  firft  year.  Befides,, 
by  the  grounds  being  thus  drained,  the  farmer  can  come  fo  much; 
Iboner  upon  them  with  his  plough. 

The  lands  have  been  alfo  meliorated,  to  a  very  confiderable.- 
degree,    by   great  quantities  of  compoft  brought    from   Bury  r 
waggons  are  now  daily  groaning  with  thefe  valuable  loads,  almofl^ 
■unknown  to  former  farmers,  who  were  to  be  bound  by   their' 
leafes  not  to  fell  and  carry   away  the  muck  made  in  their  own 
yards  ;   and  encouraged  by  rewards,   to  bring   any  from  Bury, 
From  the  great  attention  to  the  plough,  not  an  inch  of  land  is  left- 
neglected  ;  the  broad  bufliy  borders  about  the  fields  have  been 
cleared  and  fown  ;  and  it  is  well,  if  even  the  roots  of  the  hedges;, 
efcape  the  ploughlhare.     Thefe  efforts  of  expenfive  induftry  ].ro— 
duce  one  year,  and  one  acre  with  another,  about  5  combs  o£' 
wheat,   7   of    barley,   7  of  oats,  4  of  peafe,  7  or  8  of  colefeed,^ 
and  I   of  clover.  ' 

A  pradice  has  much  increafed  of  late,  and  been  found  tO' 
an fwer  extremely  well,  that  of  foihng  horfes  in  the  ftable  or  yard,^, 
inftead  of  turning  them  out  to  pafture.     This  is  done  with  arti— 

ficiali 


222  HISTORY    AND    A  NT  I  QJJ  I  T  I  E  S  [Chap.  IV. 

ficial  graffes,  but  chiefly  with  winter  tares,  which  are  fown  about 
Michaelmas,  and  begin  to  be  cut  about  the  midctl'e  of  May.  By 
this  method  much  wafte  is  avoided ;  for  none  of  the  fodder,  is 
"trampled  upon  or  fpoiled,  none  loathed  or  negledted,  as  when 
whole  fields  are  ranged  over ;  fences  are  not  broken,  nor  corn 
damaged  ;  nor  (do  the  ianimals  lame  themfelves  or  one  another.; 
Add  to  this,  that  the  paftures  are  by  thefe  means  more  appro- 
priated to  the  fervice  of  the  dairy. 

Having  mentioned  horfes,  I  mull:  take  this  opportunity  of 
doing  juftice  to  a  moil  ufeful  breed  of  that  noble  animal,  not 
indeed  peculiar  to  this  parifh,  but,  I  believe,  to  the  county. 
This  breed  is  well  known  by  the  iiame  of  Suffolk  Punches.  They 
are  generally  about  i  5  hands  high,  of  a  remarkably  fhort  and 
compadl  make  ;  their  legs  bony;  and  their  flioulders  loaded  with 
fl.efli.  Their  colour  is  often  of  a  light  Ibrrel,  which  is  as  much 
remarked  in  fome  diflant  parts  of  the  kingdom,  as  their  form."> 
They  are  not  made  to  indulge  the  rapid  impatience  of  this  poll- 
ing generation ;  but,  for  draught,  they  are  perhaps  as  unrivalled, 
as  for  their  gentle  and  tradtable  temper;  and  to  exhibit  proofs 
of  their  great  power,  drawing  matches  '  are   fometimes  made ; 

and 

*  I  have  tranfcnbed  an  advertlfementj  the  firft  that  occured,  of  one  of  thefe 
matches :  , ,       .     .. 

On  Thurfciay^  pjuly,  1724)  there  will  be  a  drazving  at  Ixworth  Pickarel,  for  a 
piece  of  plate  of  45s.  value;  and  they  that  will  bring  five  horfes  or  mares  may  put 
in  for  it  :  and  they  that  draw  20  the  beft  and  fair cjl  ptdls,  with  their  reins  up,  and 
then,  they  tha:  can  carry  i be  great eji  iveight  over  the  block,  with  few cfi  lifts,  and 
feiveft puils^  ihall  have  the  faid  plate;  by  fuch  judges  as  the  mailers  ut  the  teams 
fhall  choore.  You  are  to  meet  at  12  o'clock,  and  put  in  yo'jr  names  (or  elfe  to 
be  debarred  from  tirawing  for  it),  and  fubfcribe  half  a  crown  apiece,  to  be  paid  to 
the  fecond  bell  team. 

Suffolk  Mercury,  22  June,  1724. 

Some  parts  of  the  above  may  perhaps  require  a  commentary. 
The  trial  is  made  with  a  waggon  loaded  with  fand,  the  wheels  funk  a  little  into  the 
ground,  with  blocks  of  wood  laid  before  tlicrr.  to  increafc  the  difficulty.     The  firtt 
efforts  are  made  with  the  reins  faftened,  as  ufual,  to  the  collar;  bu:  the  animals  can- 
not. 


Chap.  IV.]  O    F       H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  223 

and  the  proprietors   are  as   anxious  fdr   the  fuccefs  of  their  re- 
fpedtive  horfes,  as  thofe  can  be,  whofe  racers  aipire  to  the  plates 
at  Newmarket.      An   acre  of  our  ftrong  wheat  land,  ploughedi 
by  a  pair  of  them,   in  one  day,   and  that  not  an  unufual  tafk,  is-^ 
an    achievement    that     befpeaks     tlieir    worth,     and   which   is 
fcarcely  credited  in  many  other  counties.     Though  natives  of  a 
province,   varied  with  only   the  flighteft   inequahties  of  furface,. 
yet  when  carried  into  mountainous  regions,  they  feem  born  for. 
that  fervice.      With  wonder  and   gratitude  have  I   feen  them,^ 
with  the  moil:  fpirited    exertions,   unfoHcited  by   the   whip,   and 
indignant,   as  it  were,   at  the  obftacles  that  oppofed  them,  draw- 
ing my  carriage  up  the  rocky  and  precipitous  roads  of  Denbigh 
and  Caernarvon  lliires.    But  truth  obhges  me  to.  add,  though  not 
to  the  credit  of  my  compatriots,  that  thefp  rrpntnrps,    formed  fo 
well  by  nature,  are  ulmoU:  always  disfigured  by  art.    Becaufe  their, 
long  tails  might,  in  dirty  feafons,  be  fomething  inconvenient,  they 
are  therefore  cut  off  frequently  to  within  four  inches  of  tlie  rump, 
fo  that  they  fcarcely  afford  hold  for  a  crupper;  and  as  abfurdity 
never  knows  where  to  flop,  even  the  fjoor  remaining  flump  has- 
frequently  half  its  hair  clipped  off.     In   a  provincial   paper,  a: 
few  years  ago,  one  of  thefe  mutilated  animals  was  exprelhvely- 
enough   deicribed^  as  having  a  fliorn   mane,  and   a  very  JJoart 
hung'd  dock. 

When  the  ancient  ufe  of  oxen  was  difcontinued,  and  only  horfea- 
were  employed  by  the  farmers  here,  Icanrtot  fay.     Oxen  are  not 
mentioned  in  the  leafes  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth  ;  for  then,  wheiv 
the  landlords  referved  to  themfelves  the  power  of  coming  upon 

not,  when  lb  confined,  put  out  their  full  ftrength  :  the  reins  are  therefore  afterward^ 
thrown  loofe  on  their  necks, when  they  can  exert  their  utmoft  pow.rs,  v.hicb  they, 
tfuajly  do  by  falling  on  their  knees,  and  drawing  in  that  attitude.     Thar  they  fBajr. 
not  break  their  knees  by  this  operation,  the  area  on  which  they  draw  is  ilrowix! 
with  foft  fand. 


tji4  HISTORY    AND     ANTIQ^UITIES        [Chap.  IV. 

the  farms  to  carry  away  timber,  mention  is  made  of  carts  and 
,.  horfes  only,  for  that  purpofe.  Yet  from  feveral  paffages  in. 
TulTer,  who  was  a  Suffolk  farmer  early  in  that  reign,  if  not  in 
the  preceding  one,  it  fliould  feem  as  if  they  were  then  ufed, 
in  fome  parts  at  leaft  of  this  county.  In  fpeaking  of  liufbandly 
furniture,  he  fays : 

With  ox-bows,  and  cx-yokes,  and  other  things  mo, 

For  ox-teem  and  horfe-teem,  in  plough  for  to  go. 

Strong  oxen,  and  Horfes,  well  (hod,  and  well  clad. 

Well  nieated  and  ufed. 

They  are,  at  this  time,  employed  but  by  one  gentleman  in  this 
neighbourhood,  who  -harnefles  them  like  horfes ;  and  fays,  he 
lias  every  reafon  to  be  fatisfied  with  their  fervice  '. 

Another  practice  adopted  here,  and  which,  I  believe,  is  not 
•generally  known,  is  that  of  drawmg  the  turneps  towards  the  end 
■of  March,  when  they  begin  to  run  to  feed,  cutting  off  their  tops 
and  bottoms,  and  throwing  the  bodies  in  heaps  in  fome  out- 
houfe.  By  thefe  means,  the  cattle  have  a  delicious  repaft  of  the 
green  tops ;  and  the  bodies,  not  exhaufted  by  the  flowering  ftems, 
continue  firm  and  good  for  fome  weeks,  and  are  diliributed  at 
difcretion.  The  lands  are  alfo  the  fooner  cleared,  anri  ready  to 
be  ploughed  for  the  fucceeding  crop  of  barley.  Seine,  inftead 
of  houfing  the  turneps,  lay  them,  without  any  operation,  clofe 
to  one  another,  in  a  fingle  ftratura,  at  fome  corner  of  a  field ; 
■where,  though  they  pufh  out  their  bloflbms,  yet  are  they  lefs 
llringy  than  if  they  continued  growing  on  their  native  fpot. 
Either  method  fucceeds  very  well  (though  the  former  is  rather 

'  The  elegant  Buffon,  fpeaking  of  the  ox,  fays,  "  II  femble  avoir  cte  fait  cxpres 
*'  pour  lacharroe;  la  mafle  de  fon  corps,  la  lenteur  de  fes  mouvements,  le  peu  de 
"  hauteur  de  fes  jambes,  tout,  jufqu'  a  fa  tranquillite,  et  a  fa  patience  dans  le  travail, 
"  femble  concourir  a  le  rendre  propre  u  la  culture  des  champs,  et  plus  capable  qu' 
"  aucun  de  vaincre  la  refiftance  conftante  et  toujours  nouvelle  que  la  terre  oppofe  a 
*'  fes  efforts."  Qiiadrupedes,  Tome  premier,  p.  250. 

1  preferred 


Chap  IV.]  OF        H    A    W    S    T    E    Di  a»5 

preferred)  and  ferves  to  eke  out  the  fodder  at  this  critical  time 
of  the  year. 

Grafs-grounds  are,  in  general,  about  one-third  part  of  the 
farms  ;  and  are  therefore  no  inconliderablc  object  of  the  farmer's 
attention.  The  fame  good  hufbandry  pervades  them,  as  the 
arable  lands.  They  are  kept  in  the  beft  and  neateft  order,  "fbe 
rough  lays,  as  they  ufed  to  be  called,  are  now  no  more  ;  and  the 
courftng  lays,  near  the  place,  thofe  flirubby  flielters  for  hares, 
known  only  by  the  map.  In  fhort,  the  mighty  work  of  ftubbing 
up  buihes  is  now  accompliflied.  The  butter  made  in  this  parifli 
is  exceeded  by  none  in  the  neighbourhood  ;  and  of  our  cheefe  in 
general  it  may  be  faid,  that  it  does  not  now  deferve  the  ill  name 
it  formerly  had. 

It  follows  of  courfe,  that  they  who  take  fuch  good  care  of  their 
lands,  fliould  not  be  negledtful  of  their  perfonal  and  domeitic 
comforts.  The  farm-houfes  are  in  general  well  furniflied  with 
every  convenient  accommodation.  Into  many  of  them  a  baro- 
meter has  of  late  vears  been  introduced ;  a  moft  uiciul  iiiftru- 
ment  for  the  hufbandman,  and  which  is  mentioned  here  as  a 
llriking  inftance  of  the  intelligence  of  this  period.  The  tea-pot, 
and  the  mug  of  ale,  poffefs  jointly  the  breakfail  table;  and  meat 
and  pudding  fmoak  on  the  board  every  noon.  Formerly,  one 
might  fee  at  church  what  the  cut  of  a  coat  was  half,  a  century 
before ;  no  fuch  curiofity  is  nov\^  exhibited  ;  every  article  of 
drefs  is  fpruce  and  miodern. 

At  this  time,  a  head  fervant  man,  v/ho  lives  in  the  houfe, 
receives  for  wages  7  or  8  guineas  a  year;  a  maid  3  ;  a  boy  1. 
A  day  labourer  has  is.  2d.  a  day  in  fammer,  and  is.  in  v,inter, 
befides  an  allowance  of  beer  ;  for  threfliing  a  comb  of  v.hcat,  is.; 
of  the  great,  or  clog  wheat,  ov  rivets,  is.  3d.;  of  barley  and 
oafs,  6d.  or  yd.;  for  mowing  an  acre  of  grafs,  is.  4d.  a  weeder 
of  corn  has  6d.  a  day. 

G   g  This 


2:6  HISTORY     AND     A  N  T  I  QJU  1  T  I  E  5  [Chap.  IV. 

This  article  of  wages  miift  not  be  difmified,  without  comparing 
them  with  thofe  given  in  former  times.  In  the  I4.th  century, 
a  harvefl  man  had  4d.  a  day,  which  enabled  him  in  a  week,  to 
buy  a  comb  of  wheat ;  but  to  buy  a  comb  of  wheat,  a  man 
mull:  now  M'ork  in  the  harveft  field  i  o  or  i  2  days.  A  man  had 
formerly  6d.  for  mowing  an  acre  of  meadow^, '  which,  if  he 
worked  hard,  he  might  finifli  in  a  day,  and  purchafe  for  himfelf 
a  bufliel  of  wheat,  which  muft  now  be  earned  by  5  days  labour^ 
2d.  a  day  for  weeding  corn,  ^d.  for  threfliing  a  quarter  of  wheat, 
and  2d.  for  other  grain,  were  better  wages  than  thofe  now  given, 
and  enabled  the  lazieft  lubber  to  earn  more  than  the  mott  in- 
duftrious  workman  can  at  prefent.  So  that  whatever  hardlhips 
the  poor  might  formerly  fuffer  from  the  opprefTion  of  their  fu- 
periors,  ftill  however  they  feem  to  have  been  better  paid  for  their 
labour  than  they  are  at  prefent. 

Their  annual  falaries,  that  were  from  5s,  to  13s.  4d.  were 
lower  in  proportion;  though  thefc  were  increafed  to  a  degree 
which  I  am  not  able  to  afcertain,  by  allowances  (liveries  they 
were  called)  of  various  kinds  of  OTain. 

The  barvejl  now  lafts  about  5  weeks ;  during  which  the 
harveiliman  earns  about  qi.  The  agreement  between  the  farmers 
and  their  hired  harvellmen  is  made  on  Whitfon  Monday.  Harveji 
gloves  of  yd,  a  pair  are  ftill  prefented.  During  harveil,  if  any 
ilrangers  happen  to  come  into  the  field,  they  are  ftrongly  folicited 
to  make  a  prefent  to  the  labourers,  and  thofe  who  refufe  are 
reckoned  churlilh  and  covetous.  This  prefent  is  called  a  Larg-efs  ; 
and  the  benefadfor  is  celebrated  on  the  fpot,  by  the  whole  troop, 
who  fnlf  cry  out,  Holla!  Laigejs  1  Holla  I  Largefs  I  They  then 
fct  up  two  violent  fcreams,  which  are  fucceeded  by  a  loud  voci- 
feration, continued  as  Icng  as  their  breath  will  ferve,  anrl  dying 
gradually  away.  Wheat  harveft  is  linillied  by  a  little  repalt  given 
by  the  farmer  to  his  men.    And  the  completion  of  the  whole  is 

crowned 


Chap.  IV.]  O    F        H    A    W    S    T    E    D.  227 

crowned  by  a  banquet,  called  the  Hockey,  to  which  the  wives  and 
children  are  alfo  invited.  The  Largefs  money  fiirnilhes  another 
<lay  of  feliivity,  at  the  alehoufe,  when  they  expei  ience  to  pcr~ 
fedion  the  happincfs  of, 

—     —     —      Cor  da  ohiita  labor  um. 
At  all  their  merry-makings  their  benefadlors  are  comraemora'-cd 
by,  Holla  J  Largefs  !  The  laft  load  of  cora  is  carried  home,  as  it 
were  in  triumph,   adorned  with  a  green  bough. 

Time  is  gradually,  and  but  gradually,  wearing  away  many 
ancient  fviperftitions.  The  appearance  of  departed  fpirits  is  not 
yet  quite  difcredite'd.  I  was  alked  very  ferioufly,  fome  years  ago, 
by  a  farmer's  wife,  if  I  had  not  feen  the  gholt  of  a  lady,  who 
died  in  the  apartment  which  I  then  inhabited. 

There  are  thofe  who  would  not  willingly  kill  a  bacon- hog,  in 
the  decreafe  of  the  moon.  And  it  is  generally  reckoned  lucky 
to  fet  a  hen  upon  an  odd  number  of  eggs  '. 

Thefe  (ketches  may  be  thought  by  fome  to  exhibit  the  general 
pi6lure  of  agricultural  life  ;  but  this  is  certainly  not  the  cafe. 
They  might  be  rendered  more  interefting  by  a  contrafted  drav/ing; 
but  that  is  not  my  prefent  bufinefs.  I  delineate  my  own  village. 
Let  others  do  the  fame  by  theirs. 

'  This  fancy,  it  is  remarkable,  was  laid  down  as  a  maxim  by  Palladius,  who,  fpeak- 
ing  of  Hens,  fays,  "  fupponenda  func  his  temper  ova  numero  impaii."  Lib.  I» 
tit,  27.  And  Varro  had  faid  the  fame  before  h/m.  Lib.  III.  cap.  9. 


G  g  a  APPEN- 


[     aag     ] 


APPENDIX. 


H     A     R     D     W     I     C     K. 


AS  this  eftate  is  extraparochial,  and  confequently  has  no 
chance  of  ever  being  inchided  in  any  Parifli  Hiltory;  and 
as  it  is  indiffolubly  annexed  to  the  manor  of  Havvfted  * ;  no  place 
can  be  fo  proper  as  this  to  give  fome  account  of  it.  The  Httle 
therefore  I  have  to  fay  about  it,  fliall  be  thrown  into  the  fame 
order  as  was  obferved  in  the  foregoing  compilation. 


C     H     A     P.        I. 

NATURAL    HISTORY.. 

THIS  fpot  was  anciently  called  Herdzvick,  and  Herdxvick  Woodr 
and  the  principal  manfion  has  been  long  known  by  the  name  of 
Hardzvick  Houfe.  •  Its  bounds  are  not  disjoined  from  thofe  of 
Haw  lied  above  half  a  nule  ;  and  it  is  flirrounded  by  the  pariflies 
of  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  Horningfheath,  and  Nowton.  It  is  con- 
lidcrably  elevated  above  the  meadows  contiguous  to  Bury  ;   and 

!  See  p.  75. 

ice 


230  HISTORY     AND    ANTIQ^^HTIES  [Append, 

its  foil,  like  thnt  at  Hinvfted,  is  fertile  both  in  corn  and  pailure. 
Chalk,  gravel,  and  hnck  earth,  are  found  at  different  depths 
beneath  the  furtace.  The  deeper  iirata  I  had  an  opportunity  of 
examinitig  in  Oftohcr  1777,  by  digging  a  well  clofe  to  my 
houfc.  Oi'  tl':cre  and  their  produd:ions  I  fliall  give  an  account 
from  the  lliort  and  hafty  notes  I  took  at  the  time. 

I  —  2  feet  beneath  a  lliallow  itratum  of  black  vegetable  mould 
was  a  good .  brick  earth.  At  1 8  inches,  a  water  eft  or  newt 
(lacerta  palujlris)  had  formed  a  fmooth  hole  for  its  winter  reli- 
tlence.  2  — 15  feet,  a  yellowifli,  compaiTt,  and  tough  loam, 
interfperfcd  with  nodules  of  chalk  of  every  degree  of  hardnefs, 
flints,  and  itony  concretions,  containing  bivalve  Ihells,  fome 
fmooth,  fome  tranfverlly  ftriated,  cornua  animonis,  and  worm 
fnells  (ferpida.)  The  common  earth-worm  (lumbricus  terrejlris) 
was  found  as  deep  as  3  feet,  in  a  hard  and  yellowifh  loam,  driven 
probably  to  that  depth  by  the  very  dry  fummer  preceding.  At 
6  feet,  a  roundilh  Hone,  about  20olb.  weight,  coniifting  of  a 
very  hard  crult,  lined  with  a  tender  criftallization,  and  full  of 
■water.  i  5 — 17  feet,  a  bluifli  loam  interfperfcd  with  fnake  ftones 
(helminthoHthus  ammonites)^  crow  flones  (helmintboUthus  gry- 
pbitesjy  and  thick  oyfter-lhells  about  4  inches  broad  (ojiracites 
maxlmus^  rugofus  et  cijper^  of  Lifter,  p.  236).  At  17  feet,  the 
loam  became  of  a  ferrugineous  colour  ;  and  to  this  depth,  in 
feemingly  fo  unfriendly  a  foil,  had  penetrated  fome  finely- 
branching  vegetable  fibres,  perhaps  thofe  of  an  old  pear-tree, 
that  had  ftood  not  i'ar  off.  At  20  feet,  a  ftratum  of  fand  ;  at 
21,  a  foft  fandy  loam;  21 — 25,  a  fliarp  yellow  fand,  with 
thunderbolts  (behninthoUthus  belemnites).  25 — 28,  coarfe  gravel, 
with  large  flinis.  29,  a  yellowilh  loam.  29 — 35,  a  deep  blue 
loam,  extremely  dry  and  tough,  with  large  flints,  a  few  fmall 
pieces  of  mundic,  and  a  fnake  %x)\\q  impregna::ed  with  it. 
35 — 49,  the  loam  was  ftill  very  tough  and  dry,  of  a  pale  blue, 
a  in 


Append.]  OF        H    A    R     D     W     I     C    K.  231 

in  fome  parts  tinged  with  yellow,   and  interfperfed  with  thunder- 
bolts ;   pieces   of  iron   ore    (one  weighing  about  5  ounces) ;   of 
mundic;  of  flate  (foniething  like  \.\\q  fcijiiis  tabular isy  but  fofter) 
exhibiting  the  fiivery  impreffions  of  very  fmall  fnake  ftones,  or 
perhaps  nautili;  one  fpecimen  of  helmintbolithus  anomites  n\'3^\<S. 
one  of  the  liar  ftone  (helmintholithus  ajleria  columnaris)  pei  fcctly 
cylindrical,   confilling  only  of  3  joints,   and  thofe  a  little  fwoJn ; 
it  is  fomething  more  than  \  inch  long,  and  nearly  ^  in  diameter, 
the  edges  of  the  five-pointed  ftar   finely   notched  '.      49 — 1?'9, 
chalk  ",  the  crvift  of  which  was  almoft  as  hard  as  limeftone  ;  after- 
w^ards  it  became  fofter,  interfperfed  with  large  flints,   and   lome 
fmall  roundifli    malfes  of  yellow   ocre  ;   at  91,   it    began    to  be 
moifl",   and   continued  to  grow   more  and   more  fo ;   frequently 
tinged  with  yellow";   towards  112,  the  flints  w^ere  much  lefs  fre- 
quent;  and   between   that  and    118,   a  candle   was    foon  extin- 
guiflied,  owing,  the  digger  faid,   to  the  air  that  iffued  from  the 
crevices    of    the    chalk.       At  120,    a   thick   ponderous   fliell  ^, 
tolerably  perfedf,   about  6  by   7  inches  acrofs,   with  8  or  9  deep 
circular  furrov.s  :   fome  fragments   of  this  had  appeared   before. 
At  129  feet,  water  guflied  oat  of  the  folid  chalk.      The  well  has 
at  different  times  been  fince   deepened  about  8    feet   more,  the 
fame  pure  chalk  continuing,    with  fragments  of  the  great  ihell. 
The  water  curdles  foap  ;  doubtlcfs  from  the  particles  of  iron  with 
which  the  chalk  is  impregnated. 

See  a  curious  engraving  and  defcription  of  the  animal,  to  a  fpecics  of  which 
this  fcffil  belongs,  and  which  was  found  at  B.ubadoes.  Phil, '1  rani.  i'-6i.  p.  537. 

*  At  Irkworth,  the  feat  of  the  earl  of  Br.ftol,  about  3  miles  to  the  north-weft,, 
when  a  well  was  due  in  1781,  the  chalk  was  troai  67  10  175  feet,  at  which  latter 
depth  water  was  found. 

^  From  the  appearance- of  this  (the  infide  of  whicli  I  was  afraid  <y^  clearing  fiom 
the  chalk)  1  had  no  doubt  of  its  beirg  a  bivalve  :  but  have  been  fince  afivued,  it 
is  a  Patella^  and  found  in  chalk  about  Dover,  and  other  paits  of  Kent. 

What 


432  III3T0RY    AND     A  N  T  TQ^U  I  T  I  E  S  TAp-end. 

What  a  jumble  has  tliis  earfh,  which  we  inhaint,  undergone  ! 
Subterraneous  geography  is  a  rul)jeifi:  of  very  curious  invcftigation. 
I  have  added  my  mire  towards  its  hillory. 

To  the  catalogue  of  plants  at  p.  3,  may  be  fubjoined  the  fol- 
loNving,  whii  h  grow  very  near  the  houfe  :  were  1  to  allow  niylelf 
an  excurfion  but  of  a  few  miles,  the  lift  would  be  nobly  en- 
riched. 

Tuberous  Mofchatt-l  ( JJoxa  MofchatcWna)  iti  fliady  hedges. 

Ti'OT^  v.OiX  (Spiraa  Jilipei'dula)  oi\  t\\e.  heath. 

Wter  a' ens  (Geiim  rivale)  in  a  wood. 

Bugle  ( /]juga  reptam.  Bugula  F/orc  rulvo.  Ray's  Syn.  245)  in  a  wood  ', 

Yellow  Nttrk  Wcmy  fG'ileopJis  Galeobdolon)  in  hedges. 

Common  Calaniint  (Melija  CalamintaJ  on  dry  banks. 

Stiining  Dove's-toot  craiiefbili  (Geranium  lucidum)  in  hedges. 

Ci  union  grafo  vetch  (Larhyrus  m'Uhl/aJ  among  gr.ds. 

Yl  How  Vctchiing  (hatbyrus  apbaca)  among  grafs. 

Yello'.-  -flowered  Trefoil  (TnjoUum  ochroleucon)  in  paflures  *. 

Yellow  Medick  (Medicago  falcatd)  on  dry  banks. 

Woolly  headed  Thi iUe  (Carauus  eriophorus)  among  grafs. 

FirHydnum  (Hxdnum  a  unjcalpiuin)  on  hah-rotten  cones  of  Scotch  firs. 

Curled  El  vela  (Eivela  m'ltra)  on  rotten  wood. 

The  air  is  pure,  and  frequently  clear,  when  the  low  grounds 
near  Bury  are  enveloped  with  fogs.  Hence  the  vegetables  in 
this  garden  often  remain  uninjured  by  the  froft,  while  thofe  in 
the  gardens  about  the  town  fufFer  greatly. 

The  uncertainty  of  our  climate  appears  in  nothing  more,  than 
in  the  irregular  advances  or  the  fpring.  This  may  be  exempli- 
fied by  comparing  the  different  times,  when  feveral  vegetables 
bloffom,  in  different  f<  afons.  The  prefent  fpring  will  afford  one 
extreme;  and  one  not  long  paffed,  that  of  the  year  1779,   the 

'  This  is  a  remar!;able  variety,  with  fmooth  leaves,  except  that  they  are  a  little 
fringed  at  the  edge  towjrds  the  bafe,  and  pink-coloured  bloflbnis.  The  whole  plant 
js  much  Id's  hairy  thanthe  common  icrt,  and  of  a  much  fnialier  fize.  It  continues  the 
fame  when  removed  into  the  ea'dcn. 


"■  It  grows  alio  in  the  drieft  and  hardefi;  Ilations. 


o 


other. 


Append.] 


OF      H    A    R    D    W    I    C    K. 


«33 


other.     The  obfervations  were  made  on  the  fame  individuals  in 
and  near  the  garden. 

1779 


1784 


Difference 
in  clays. 


20  Feb. 

15  April 

5+ 

9  March 

16  April 

38 

6  April 

15  May 

39 

1 5  April 

22  May 

n 

14  June 

23  June' 

9 

21  June 

7  Ju!y 

16 

Apricot-tree 
Wood  Anemone 
Apple-tree 
White  Thorn 
Vine 
Lime-tree 

It  appears  by  this  lliort  table,  that  the  greatell  variation  is  in 
the  early  part  of  the  fpring  ;  there  being  a  no  lefs  difference  than 
54  days  between  the  earlielt  and  lateft  bloflbming  of  the  apricot 
tree ;  of  the  three  next  articles  lefs  than  40  ;  and  of  the  two 
laft,  lefs  than  20.  And  fomc  other  folftitial  plants,  fuch  as 
Sedums,  St.  John's  Worts,  Thiftles,  &c.  I  never  knew  to  vary 
above  10  or  12  days,  whatever  the  preceding  feafon  might 
have  been. 

Of  the  remarkable  frofts  of  laft  fummer,  which  literally 
"  Fell  in  the  frelh  lap  of  the  crimfon  Rofe." 
I  was  going  to  give  fome  account  in  this  place  ;  when  I  was  in- 
formed that  the  Royal  Society  propofed  doing  me  the  honour  to 
print,  in  their  next  publication,  a  i:)aper  which  I  had  laid  before 
tliem  on  the  fubjedf . 

That  very  beautiful  bird,  and  the  fmalleft  of  any  Englifli  one, 
the  golden  crefted  wren  (Motacil/a  Reguhis),  is  a  conftant  inha- 
bitant of  the  garden.  In  it  are  alfo  found  the  briftly  fnail  (Helix 
bifpida),  the  fharp  fnail  f Helix  lapicida),   and  the  "Turbo  btdens. 

There  is  no  place  properer  than  this,  where  I  may  mention 
a  cuftom  which  I  have  twice  feen  pra6fifed  in  this  garden,  within 
a  few  years,  namely,   that   of  drawing  a  child  through  a  cleft 

I  have  rarely  obferved  the  vine  to  bloffom  earlie-r  than  this  year,  and  the  caufe 
of  this  forvvardnefs  was  the  remarkably  warm  May,  when  it  made  its  firft  efforts  of 
vegetation. 

H  h  treci 


234  HISTORY    AND    ANTlCLUITtES  [Append.- 

tree.  For  this  purpofe,  a  young  afh  was  each  time  felecfled,  and 
rplit  longitudinally  about  5  feet  ;  the  fiffure  was  kept  wide  open 
by  my  gardener,  while  the  friend  of  the  child,  having  firfl 
flripped  him  naked,  paffed  him  thrice  throitgh  it,  always  head 
foremoft.  As  foon  as  the  operation  was  performed,  the  wounded 
tree  was  bound  up  with  packthread  ;  and  as  the  bark  healed,  the 
child  was  to  recover.  The  firil  of  thefe  young  patients  was  to 
be  cured  of  the  rickets  ;  the  fecond  of  a  rupture.  About  the 
former  1  had  no  opportunity  of  making  any  inquiry  :  but  I  fre- 
quently faw  the  father  of  the  latter,  who  affured  me,  that  his 
child,  without  any  other  affiftance,  gradually  mended,  and  at 
lafl  grew  perfedlly  well. 

Doctor  Borlafe,  in  his  Antiquities  of  Cornwall,  p.  178.  men- 
tions a  cuftom  ])ra6tifed  in  that  part  of  the  ifland,  which  is  ana- 
logous to  that  juft  recited.  There  is  a  ftone,  he  fays,  in  the  parilli 
of  Alarden,  with  a  hole  in  it,  1 4  inches  diameter,  through  which, 
he  was  informed  by  an  intelligent  neighbouring  farmer,  m^any 
perfons  had  crept  for  pains  in  their  backs  and  limbs  ;  and  that 
fanciful  parents,  at  certain  times  of  the  year,  do  cuftomarily 
draw  their  children  through,  to  cure  them  of  the  rickets. 

The  author  adduces  many  more  inftances  of  the  fuppofed; 
efficacy  of  perfons  paffing  through,  or  between  the  parts  of,, 
various  fubftances :  but  for  them  I  muft  ref^r  to  the  work  itfelf. 
Yet  I  cannot  help  remarking  how  curious  it  is,  that  the  eaftern 
and  weflern  extremities  of  the  kingdom  fliould  coincide  in  this 
fingular  cuflom,  the  fpirit  of  which  is  certainly  deduced  from 
the  remotell  antiquity  ;  and  of  which  the  hiftorians  of  the  in- 
terior parts  have  not,  as  far  as  1  at  prefent  recolle6t,  taken  any 
notice.  Men  of  education  laugh,  and  with  reaibn,  at  fuch  idle 
pradlices ;  but  the  common  people,  untutored  by  philolophy, 
tranfmit  them  for  ages  from  father  to  fon,  and  fliew  us  how  our 
anceliors  thought  and  adted,  thoufands  of  years  ago. 

CHAP. 


Append.]  p    ?      H    A    R    D    W    I    C    K.  235 


CHAP.        11. 


ECCLESIASTICAL    HISTORY. 


THIS  mail:  of  neceflity  be  reduced  within  the  narrovvelt 
compafs,  in  treating  of  an  extraparochial  place.  The  few  in- 
habitants have  generally  reforted  to  the  neighbouring  churches 
at  Bury,  for  divine  fervice.  I  have,  however,  in  my  poffeffion 
two  archiepifcopal  licences  for  a  private  chapel  here,  granted  to 
the  lall  Sir  Robert  Drury  and  his  widow.  And  as  forms  of  this 
fort  are  not,  I  believe,  very  common,  the  printing  of  them  may 
haye  its  ufe ;  tvnd  it  may  alfo  perhaps  amufe  the  curious  to  com- 
pare them  with  the  papal  one  already  given,  at  p.  120. 

<BC0JgiuS  Providentia  divina  Cantuarienfis  archiepifcopus,  totiiis  Anglie  primas 
et  me[ropolitanus,  ad  quern  cmnis  et  omnimoda  jurildiflio  fpiritualis  et  ecclefiaiiica, 
in  diocefi  Norwicenfi,  Cantuarienli  provincie,  ratione  vilitationis  noftre  metropolice 
ibidem  notorie  dignofcitur  pertinere,  univerfis  et  fingulis  clericis  et  literatis  aliifque 
in  eadem  provincia  ad  quos  hec  pervenient,  lalutem.  Cuni  diledus  nofter  magilter 
Thomas  Ridley  legum  Doftor,  vicarius  nofter  in  fpiritujlibus  generalis  in  vifitatione 
noftra  metropolitica  infra  diocelem  Norwicenfem  predivftam  rite  et  legitime  pro- 
cedens,  decretum  fuum  ad  effeflum  infra  Icriptum  ex  certis  caufis  interpofuerit,  ad 
petitionem  venerabilis  viri  Roberti  Drinie  militis,  ejulHem  diocefeos  et  provincie, 
julhtia  id  pofcente  ;  tobtS  igitur  per  prefentes  fignificamus  et  intimamus,  quod 
licentiam  et  facultatem  dedimus  et  concelBmus,  et  per  prefentes  damns  et  conce- 
dimus  prefato  donuno  Roberto  Drurie,  quo  ipfe  dominus  Robercus  Drurie  pofiit,  fi 
voluent,  inrra  domum  fuam  communiter  vocatam  Hardwick  Houfe,  in  diocefi  pre- 
ditta,  de  tempore  in  tempus  preces  communes  ac  conciones  habere,  et  facramenta 
et  lacramcntalia  ibidem  colcbrari  facerr,  donee  caprlla  ibidem  ed'ficabitur,  debite 
confervanda.  Ac  ut  liceat  eidem  dommo  Ro'ierto  Drurie  cum  uxore  fua  et  famulis 
fuis,  ac  viduis  quihufcumque  in  hofpitah  fuo  ibidem  edificato  de  tempore  in  tempus 
ha'iira  ti"ius,  pr..ces  communes  et  conciones,  ac  lacra  cr  facramcntal  >  in  didfa 
doiuo  fua  judire  et  recipere.  Quodque  ros  ulterius  dileftum  noftrum  kicliardum 
Braoon,  lacre  thcologie  Bacchalaureum,  ad  officium  preibitcri,  ac  ad  prices  com- 

H  h  2  munes 


z^S  HISTaRY    AND    ANTIQ,UIT1ES        [Append. 

munes  et  divina,  ac  facramenta  et  facramentalia  de  tempore  in  tempus  infra  diftani 
domum  vocatam  Hardwick  Huufe,  dicendum,  legendum,  prcdicandum,  et  mini- 
llrandiiin  deputavimus  et  afiignavimus,  ficque  deputamus  et  affignamus.  Ac  quod 
eidem  domino  Roberto  Drurie  (prefato  Ric!iart!o  Biabon  impedito)  bene  licebit 
alium  quemcumque  idoneum  clericum  ad  premifla  ibidem  facienda  et  celebranda 
de  tempore  in  tempus  (quamdiu  hujus  facultatis  et  Hcencie  noltre  decretum  duiabit) 
afTignare  et  deputare.  gtl  CUj'US  rct  teftimoihum  figillum  '  officii  vicarii  noHri  in 
fpiritualibus  generalis  antedicli  prefentibus  apponi  tccimus.  Datum  tub  eodem 
figillo  vicefmio  fexto  die  menfis  julii,  anno  Domini  milefimo  fexcentefimo  decimo 
tertio  ^ 

T  H  O.     RIDLEY. 

As  the  above  licence  was  granted  only  to  Sir  Robert  Drury, 
and  till  he  (liould  fit  up  a  chapel,  his  widow,  I  fuppofe,  found  it 
neceffary  to  procure  the  following  one. 

<Seo,2SiuS  Providentia  divina  Cantuarienfis  archiepifccpus,  totius  Anglie  primas 
et  metropolitnnus,  dilecle  nobis  in  Chriflo  Domine  Anne  Drury  vidue  relifte  domini 
Roberti  Drury  nuperdum  vixit  de  Hardwick  prcpe  oppidum  Bury  Sanifti  Edmundi, 
in  comitatu  Suffolcienfi  militis  defundli,  ralutem.  Clllll  nuper  in  nollra  vifuatione 
metropolitica  dioccfeos  Norwicenfis  licentiam  dido  marito  tuo  jam  demortuo,  tibi- 
que  et  liberis  veftris  conceffimus  habendi  oratorium  in  edibus  tuis  de  Hardwick  pre- 
di(ftis,  locumq.ue  commodum  in  didis  edibus  afiignavimus  per  fupervifionem  ali- 
quorum  fide  dignorum  virorum,  ubi  divine  preces  fingulis  diebus  feftivis  et  pro- 
fellis  vobis  et  familie  veftre  per  idoneum  miniftrum  legi  et  pronuntiari  potuiflent. 
Et  jam  ab  eodem  tempore  nobis  relatum  fit,  quod  tu  didum  oratorium  ita  probe 
ornaveris,  ut  majorem  ardorem  in  hominum  animis  accenderet  ad  divina  officia  in 
eodem  loco  exequenda.  Et  fimul  infinuatum  nobis  efl,  didas  edes  tuas  de  Hard- 
wick oHm  pertinuifTe  ad  Coenobium  five  monafiierium  Sandi  Edmundi  predidi,  ita 
\u  facile  colligi  non  poteft,  intra  cujus  ecclcfie  fines  dide  edes  fcite  funt,  et  com- 
munis opinio  magis  eft  didas  edes  extra  fines  et  limites  cujufquam  parochie  Icitas 
efle  :  ideo  ex  uberiore  gratia  noftra  ad  humilem  petitionem  tuam  tibi  concedimus, 
ut  non  lolum  habeas  licentiam  peragendi  divinas  preces  matutinas  et  vefpertinas 
fingulis  diebus  dominicis  et  feftivis  in  dido  loco  •,  fed  ctiam  facras  conciones  ha- 
bendi, et  facramentum  coene  domini  ibidem  celebrandi,  quoties  vel  per  adverfam 
tuam  valctudinem,  aut  per  celi  intemperiam  commode  ad  ecclefiam  Burienfem  ac- 
cedere  non  poffis,  modo  id  cures  fieri  per  idoneum  minillrum  verbi  divini,  execu- 
tionem  fui  officii  in  fe  habentem,  morigerum  et  modeftum,  obfequentem  in  omnibus 
et  per  omnia  legibus  et  canonibus  ecclefie  Anglicane  prout  jam  lunt  in  ulu.  Arque 
Jnfuper  ut  omnia  decore  et  cum  decente  apparatu  fiant,  prouc  par  ell,  in  omnibus 

'  It  is  of  red  wax,  engrnvcn  of  the  ftme  fize,  in  the  plate  of  Seals,  N°  II. 

'  Sulijoiiicd  to  this  is  a  iiniilar  licence  to  Sir  Robert  for  a  jjrivnte  chapel  at  Snarefliill>  near  Thet- 
ford,  which  V.  as  not  included  in  the  bounds  of  an}- pariih.  bo  that,  what  is  foaiethin  j  rt;marka'jle, 
i)ir  Robert  was  proprietor  of  two  exti  aparochial  hoiiles. 

hujufniodi 


Append.]  O     F       H     A     R    D    W    I     C     K.  237 

liuiufmodi  divinis  minifteiiis  obeundis,  durante  vita  tua  naturali.  Jw  fUj'lIS  tci 
ttttinKttium  figillum  vicarii  noflri  in  fpiritualibus  gcneralis  prelentibus  apponi  fe- 
ciaius.  SDattim  decimo  quarto  die  mcnfis  Martii,  anno  Domini  milefimo  fexcen- 
tefimo  decimo  Icxto  (ftilo  Anglic)  et  noftre  iranflationis  anno  fexto. 

T  H  O.    RIDLEY. 

It  is  difficult  to  affign  a  reafon  why  the  archbilliop  was  ap- 
pHed  to  for  the  above  Hcences,  as  the  bifhop  of  the  diocefe  was 
furcly  competent  to  have  granted  them.  The  fecond  is  re- 
markably faulty,  both  in  the  reciting  part,  and  in  grammar,  as 
well  as  orthography ;  the  errors  in  the  laft  of  which  it  did  not 
feem  necelTary  to  preferve.  The  place  affigned  for  the  chapel  by 
the  vicar  general,  upon  the  furvey  of  proper  perfons,  is  a  dam^j 
and  uncomfortable  apartment ;  and  gives  one  an  opportunity  of 
contrailing  the  hardinefs  of  former  times  with  the  exceffive  ten- 
dernefs  and  delicacy  of  the  prefent :  for  even  the  poor  alms- 
houfe  women  would  now  be  almoft  afraid  of  fitting  an  hour  in 
this  room,  which  was  fixed  upon  as  an  oratory  for  a  lady  of 
faQiion  in  the  laft  century. 


CHAP.        III. 


PROPRIETORS. 


THIS  eftate  appears  to  have  been  in  the  crown  till  the  reign 
of  Stephen  ;  for  the  Regiftrmn  Sacrijla  '  mentions  a  deed  of  that 
monarch,  dated  at  Bury,  and  witnefl^ed  by  Robert  de  Ver,  which 
gave  the  monks  of  St.  Edmund,  and  their  cellerer,  free  and 
quiet  poflTeffion  of  Herdwick  ;  and  in  the  Monafticon  '  it  is  re-, 
cited  among  his  donations  to  the  monaflery.     From  its  vicinity 

^  M.  S.  B. 

*  V.  I.  p.  295.  where  it  is  mifprinted  Ucrwick. 

to 


438  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES         [Append. 

to  that  vortex,  it  is  much  it  had  not  been  before  abforbed  by  it. 
It  continued  in  the  hands  of  the  abbey  till  the  Diffolutiou.  Tra- 
dition .reports,  that  it  was  the  abbot's  dairy;  which  is  probable 
enough,  both  from  its  name,  and  its  being  a  tradt  of  woody 
paftures.  The  principal  houfe,  it  is  alfo  faid,  was  his  occafional 
refidence :  but  no  part  of  the  prefent  building  is  of  any  con- 
fiderable  antiquity,  except  a  fpacious  chimney  under  ground  ;  io 
that  no  idea  can  be  formed  of  what  its  ancient  grandeur  was. 
Some  of  the  abbatial  villas,  we  know,  were  magnificent;  for 
abbot  Sampfon,  who  died  in  1 21 1,  built  Redgrave  Hall '  of  ftone. 
After  the  DilTolution,  I  conjecture  (for  I  fpeak  not  from 
vouchers),  this  eftate  remained  fome  time  in  the  crown;  and  that 
queen  Mary  granted  it  to  the  family  of  Southwell ;  in  which, 
however,  it  continued  not  long;  for  on  the  19th  of  April,  1610, 
Sir  Robert  Drury  purchafed  it  of  Thomas  Stanton,  Mercer  ;  and 
on  the  1  8th  of  IMarch  following,  annexed  it,  as  we  have  already 
ieen,  for  ever,  to  the  manor  of  Ha-.sfted.  He  appears  to  have 
been  pleafed  with  the  fpot,  making  it  his  feat  for  fome  time  be- 
fore his  death  ;  and  his  widow  died  here.  It  was  for  fome  time 
the  refidence  of  my  father;  as  it  has  been  mine,  for  thefe  laft  ao 
years.  The  houfe  is  lingularly  fituate  upon  the  very  line  that 
divides  the  open  and  woodland  country;  commanding  a  very 
pleafing  view  of  the  town  of  Bury,   and  its  neighbourhood. 

'  This  efftate  (about  16  miles  norfh  eaft  of  Bury),  once  the  property  of  the  Bacons, 
was  purchafed  by  lord  chief  jutricc  Holt,  and  is  now  enjoyed  by  his  defccndaiit, 
Rowland  Hole,  eiq;  who  has,  within  &  few  years,  re-built  the  houfe,  and  embelUAicd 
the  park  in  luch  a  manner,  as  to  render  this  one  of  the  moll  beautitul  I'pots  in  ihe 
county.  In  the  evidence  room,  1  am  iniormed,  are  prelerved  many  very  valuable 
MSS.  which,  with  the  defcription  of  the  fine  chu-ch  and  its  monuments,  would 
render  the  hiitory  of  the  pariih  excecdin^jly  curious  and  interefling. 


CHAP. 


Append.]  O    F      H    A    R    D    W    I    C    K.  ii^ 


CHAP.        IV. 

OF     AGRICULTURE,     8CC. 


WERE  I  ill  poffeffion  of  more  materials  than  I  am  for  this 
head,  the  nfe  of  them  would  probably  be  fuperfluous,  as  they 
could  fcarcely  differ  from  thofe  of  which  I  have  already  availed 
myfelf  at  Ha  wiled. 

It  muft  not,  however,  be  omitted,  that  Harchvick  Heath  has 
for  fome  years  been  famous  for  one  of  the  fineft  flocks  of  flieep 
in  the  county.  It  confifls  of  about  250  ewes,  50  Hoggets  ',  and 
5  rams  %  the  latter  of  which  are  found  amply  fufficient  for  con- 
tinuing a  flrong  and  fuU-fized  race.  They  are  horned,  and  have 
black  faces  and  legs.  This  is  noticed,  as  the  variety  of  flieep 
in  different  parts  of  the  kingdom  is  a  circumftance  not  a  little 
remarkable. 

I  have  quellioned  the  farmer  (who  is  himfelf  a  very  fkilful 
Ihepherd),  by  what  management  he  has  brought  his  flock  to  its 
prelent  degree  of  perfe6lion  :  and  he  informs  me,  that  his  firft 
objeil  was  to  procure  fome  of  the  beft  rams  which  the  county 
produced  ^     And  as  a  ftate  of  perfect  Itrength  and  growth  is, 

'  Lambs  kept  for  the  recruit  of  the  flock,  and  fo  called  till  after  their  firft  fliear- 
ing,  which,  in  this  flock,  is,  when  they  are  about  16  months  old.  Their  liril 
fleece  is  called  Hog-wool;  it  is  much  longer  and  finer  than  the  luccecding  ones,  and 
ufed  for  Felt  Hats. 

^  What  a  fignificant  grin  would  the  fliepherd  beftow  upon  me,  were  I  to  tell 
him,  from  M.  Duu;;enton's  "  Initrudlon  pour  les  Bergers,"  that  if  he  would  not 
enicebie  his  rams,  nor  have  his  lambs  degenerate,  he  ihould  not  aflign  even  10  the 
floutell;  of  the:  former  more  :han  20  ewes  at  mofl:  a  piece  ! 

^  Phis  was  judicious.  PaiiaJius  gives  the  lame  diredtion  relative  to  oxen  ; 
"  melius  autem  bovcs  de  vicinis  locis  compardbis,  quod  nulla  foil  aut  acris  varietate 
•'  tententur."     Martins,  tit.  xi. 

6  through 


240  n  I  S  T  O  R  y     AND     A  N  T  r  CLU  I  T  I  E  S  [Append. 

through  all  aniinated  nature,  the  moll:  proper  for  bringing  forth 
a  vigorous  offspring,  he  never  willingly  fuffers  his  hoggets  to 
have  lambs  '  ;  nor  often  keeps  his  ewes  after  they  are  five  years 
old  ;  for  though  thefe  latter  would  fometimes  breed  till  twice 
that  age,  yet,  after  five  years,  their  produce  becomes  gradually 
more  and  more  weak  and  diminutive.  The  rams  begin  to  decline 
in  vigour,  after  four  or  five  years  of  age,  and  are  then  difcharged 
from  their  fervice.  But  all  this  care  would  avail  nothing,  if  he 
did  not  moft  cautioufly  avoid  overltocking  his  flieep-walk.  His 
neignbours  have  frequently  endeavoured  to  perfuade  him  to  in- 
creafe  his  number;  but  he  has  always  declined  it,  being  con- 
fident, that  his  flieep  w^ould  thereby  foon  dwindle  and  degenerate, 
and  himfclf  become  a  lofer  \  A  flieep  is  a  molt  voracious 
animal ;  yet  extremely  choice  and  delicate  in  its  food ;  to  bring 
it  therefore  to  its  greateft  perfedlion,  and  to  keep  it  to  that  pitch, 
it  muft  have  frequent  and  even  continual  fhifts  of  paflure.  To 
this  every  poflible  attention  is  here  paid  :  and  the  careful  huf- 
bandry  of  turneps,  in  the  fpring,  before-mentioned,  is  not 
omitted. 

When  bleeding  is  necefTary,  it  is  ufually  performed  at  one 
corner  of  the  eye  ;  fometimes  at  the  upper  part  of  the  tail ;  and 
fometimes  the  ear  is  cut  \ 

'  Varro  carries  this  point  to  a  great  length  ;  "  neque  pati  oportet  minores  quam 
*'  trimas  faliri,  quod  neque  natum  ex  his  idoneum  eft,  nee  non  ipfe  fiunt  etiam 
"  deteriores."     L.  II.  C.  2. 

*  Good  lenfe  is  the  fame  in  all  ages.  This  is  the  very  doflrine  laid  down  by 
Columella  feventeen  centuries  ago:  "  Omni  autem  pecudi  larga  pnebenda  func 
"  alimenta.  Nam  vel  exiguus  numerus,  cum  pabulo  latiatur,  plus  domino  reddit, 
"  quam  maximus  grex,  fi  fenlerit  penuriam."  L.  VIL  C.  3.  Farmers  are  not,  in 
general,  fufficiently  attentive  to  this  maxim. 

'  Two  of  thefe  operations  are  mentioned  by  Columella ;  "  nos  etiam  fub  oculis, 
"  et  de  auribus,  I'anguinem  detrahimus."  L.  VII,  C.  5,  The  Virgilia.i  method 
was^ 

—    —    —     —     —     inter 

Ima  ferire  pedis  falientem  fanguine  venam.     Georg.  III.  459. 

It 


Append.^  OF      HARD    WICK.  241- 

It  is  contrived,  that  the  lamhs  fall  about  the  end  of  February; 
and  in  Au'^uft  following  they  are  fold  at  Ipfwich  tair  for  about 
13I.  a  fcore.  They  are  thence  conveyed  to  the  rich  palhires  in 
EfTex  ;  and  the  year  after  often  pafs  in  the  London  markets  for 
three  years  old  mutton. 

This  was  one  of  the  three  flocks  in  the  environs  of  Bury  that 
belonged  to  the  abbot ;  and  confided,  before  the  Dilfolution,  and 
indeed  for  fome  time  afterwards,  entirely  of  wethers,  as  ap- 
pears by  a  Computus  for  Hencote'  near  Bury,  32  Henry  Vlll. 
now  in  the  Exchequer  ^,  in  which  the  farmer  accounts  for  lol.  qs. 
rent  for  the  faid  farm;  of  which  35s.  were  for  the  paiturage  of 
three  hundred  and  a  half  of  flieep,  vocat.  lez  zvetbers^  which 
ufed  to  be  kept  for  the  houfehold  of  the  monaftery. 

Saffron  was  formerly  cultivated  not  far  from  the  houfe  ;  for 
in  the  defcription  of  the  bounds  of  the  Iheep-walk  in  158:, 
mention  is  made  of  the  Sajf'orne  Pane.  This  vegetable  was 
anciently  in  great  repute  both  in  the  kitchen,  and  apothecary's 
fhop :  but  all -ruling  fafliion,  which  decrees  that  what  was 
wholefome,  and  even  palatable,  in  one  century,  fliall  not  be  io 
in  another,   has  now  almoft  baniflied  it  from  both  \ 

'  This  name  is  now  almoft  entirely  fwallo.ved  uj)  in  tha'  of  llardwiLk,  the  t.vo 
eftates  having  been  let  together  ever  finre  1649.  It  omprehends  the  unencloicci 
part  of  the  jKcfrnt  farm,  which  lies  viichin  the  bounds  of  Bury,  and  was  granted  to 
Sir  William  Drury  by  Queen  Mdry. 

*  For  a  copy   of  this,  and  for  feveral  other  favour<;,  I  am   indebted  to   Cr.vc-n 
Ord,  F.fq.     Many  gentlemen  in  office  difplay  a  lil^erality  of  commuucation,    wjtii- 
out    winch,   works    like   the   prcfcnt   could    wirh   dilficuity   be  comiiicrcd.      I    liave  • 
already  mentioned  another  inftance  at}).  14.  and  cannot  pardon  mylclf  it   1  oiua  a., 
third,  John  Charles  Brooke,   Elq;  So;nerfet  Herald. 

■'  Seep.   190. 


I  i  I  N  D  E  X, 


[;     243     J 


I 


N 


D 


E 


X. 


A. 

Aihi,  127. 

AUingion,  50. 

Altars  marked  with  crofieSj  48. 

portable,   122. 

' money  paid  ar,    1  14,  1  77. 

Angels,  figures  of,  45. 

jlpojile  fpoons,  2U9. 

y^pri  et  verris  liber t  s,  85. 

Arches  circular  in  comparatively  modern 

buildings,  44, 
Architects  ancient,  loved  variety,  4^. 
Architediire  of  the  reign  ofEdw.  111.  92 
Aigenton,  50. 
Artich'ikcs,   208,- 
Ailiiiando,    I  2 . 
Auce  marol^  185. 
^x'i' .'V/iw;>  beads,  27. 
Award  ancient,   109. 


B. 


Bahwell,  the  friars  there,  16, 17.  ig.  104. 

Bacon,  ^2.  56.  i2j. 

Bailiff  ot  a  manor,    102. 

Baiuls  worn  by  prrfoiis  of  no  profefllon 

even  in  this  centuiy,  ibj. 
Banqi-iirting.houre,  161. 
Baft;  ( curt,  131. 
Baivdekyn,  1 19. 


Beads,  26.  51.  52. 

Bedrepes,   189- 

Bells,  49. 

Berkley  of  Stratton,  John  Lord,  Cc. 

Boar,  free,  H5, 

Rochas,  of  Lydgate's  makyng,  119. 

Bokcnham,  98. 

Brals  figures  defcribed,  50,51. 

^r^i/  for  board,  208. 

Bfewing  performed  by  women,  12. 

Brociis,  185. 

Brothers  adult,  of  the  fame  Chriftian. 
name,  100. 

Buffed  Jioolj  25. 

Buildings,  their  ages  afcertained,  41. 

Bulruong,  or    Bolymong,   187. 

Burials  fuon  after  death,  147. 

Burying  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  church- 
yard, 38.. 


e. 


Camping,  i  rq. 

Cauuit  itas  Day,  ic.  14*- 

Culthorpe,  41,51.  _ 

Capel,  37. 

Capons,  18^. 

Carpet  Cujh.nns,  116, 

Knights,    I43. 

Gattle,  &c.  prices  of,   186,188. 
Ceiving,  2iy. 

1  i.x  Cliambers_,. 


I 


N 


D 


E        X. 


Clianibeis  at   Cambridge  not   hanged  in 

167/;,   15V. 
Chanuirr,  cering  of  the  dead  ty  liim,  I2. 
Chaplain,  9. 
Ch:efebi-eds,  208. 
(.  hirogytiphum,  178. 

Chivalry,  a  writ  out  of  the  court  of,  107. 
Chriftiiias  Offtriv.g<^   made  by  mafteis  for 

their  Icrvants,   14. 
Chriftmas  Mofiiiraliry,  157. 
Church-Porch,  monev  paid  at,  76. 
Churcli-Yard,  C'n'.ntry,  refleflioiis  in,  3-. 
r/o/'/"«  family,  47.  6;.  pedigree,  \q\--\--,. 
Clothing  Silver,  14.   102. 
Clover.  217. 

Clo)  fiers  for  walking,  ijg. 
(.^o.irhes,   209. 
Cock's  Crouch,  40. 

Ciifeis,  or  chelfs,  nor  trifling  legacies,  1  26. 
Cofiin  l.ids  ferved  as  pare  of  the  pave- 

n^iCnt,  50. 
Cr-ks  Arundel,  163. 
Colder,  219. 

Communion  Table,  47. 
(Convex  anrc,  a  fliorr  one,  123. 
Corn  Mill,  amanerial  right,  85. 
C'.>rn,  ancient  prices  of,  i8o.  18c — 8. 
Cor  tor  as.     Corporcn  Cafe,   iiS. 
Cover  for  the  font,  46. 
Cozvc'j  d  Jacinto,  an  Italian  artift,  57. 
Crofles,  37. 
Cruets,  i  1  8. 
CuUum  family.  5- — 6:.  68.  152 — 64. 

petliuree,  1  5   . 
Cummin  leed,  85. 
Curat,  24,  z^.  <  4. 
Ciijlumarii,  c,6. 


D. 


Deeds  ancien",  dated  on  Sundays,  10^. 

why  with  many  witncfTes,  175, 

Deiijlr,!!,  50. 

Dome/ Jay  Eook,  2. 

Doiin, ,  Dr.  56.  146. 

Dcid  d  treef,  216. 

Dciv/ifig,  IVilliam,  a  fanatic  reformer,  45. 

Draget,  Dredge,  1  80. 

Drainage  of  land,  221. 

Drawing  matches  by  horfes,  222. 

Drcfles  of  the  fcxes  aiiJ<e,    152. 

defcribei,    50—53.    156—7. 

163—4. 
Drury  hn\\\y,    17.    31.  50.  52,  53.  45. 

U5— 148.  pe.iigrcc,  1  15. 


E. 


Eare.  Eareablt;  land,  198. 

Kader  Offerings  for  fcrvants,   9. 

Efclellal^ics  dilfufed  civdization,  8.— their 
influence  over  mankind,  9. — afTided 
at  making  wills,  . ^. — prcfervcd  re- 
cords, 78.  io. — were  good  landlords, 
9Q. — exccifcs  committed  by  them, 
1 05. 

Edgcir,es. 

Education,  femile,  in  the  reign  of  Eliza- 
beth, 154 

Eggs,  odd  number  of,  227. 

Eland,  icy — 10. 

Hedlion,  polls  tor  the  county,    161. 

E/i:i''Ht/.>.  ^^/een,  her  [_ r'^grcfs  in  1578, 
1  30. — very  accompliihcd,  15  ■ . 

Euibalming  of  the  diiid  cxpcnlive,  13. 

Emhltir.s  and  n.otios,  135. 

Erpinglhim,  103. 

Eva'igcleft  f.itis,    208. 

E\ljibition,  120. 


Dance,  the  painter,  i  64. 

Day,  Dc.)  or  Deyar,   a  fcrvant,   9.    103. 

182. 
Death,    emblems    of,    im.propcr  for  fu- 

fit-r.jl  monianenrs,  55. 
Deaths,  propoitioa  of,  6. 


F. 


Fidi.      Fifli  ponds,  it.    i  1  i. 

Fitz  Eujiacc,  8.  6^.  82.  91.  105. 

Flint   .'ork,  41. 

Foki,  rigi:t  ot,   i-,.  Font, 


N 


D 


E 


X. 


245 


Font ,  46. 

Forged  writing  difcovered,  i  to. 
Fortunes  for  young  women,  128. 
Fountains  in  courts,   132. 
Ffunteleys,  1 1  8. 
Fulbam,  rev.  John,  6(. 
Funeral  Feftivals,  10.  15.  162. 
Fur,  uie  of  general,   12.    141. 
Fiiftians  pair  of,  118. 
Fylet,  95. 

G. 

Ga^e,  95.  in  Clopton  Pedigree,  lof. 

Gardener,  5  i. 

Gardens,  93. 

Ganiijb  oi  vefTel,  127. 

GauJcs,  26. 

Geldings,   186.  204. 

Geography  fubterraneous,  230. 

Giafs  windows,  209. 

Godchildren,  15.  25. 

G  of  pel  oa^f  2. 

Grain,  ancient  prices  of,  180.  6,  7,  8. 

Green-houfe  by  Mr.  Evelyn,  160. 

Gylde  Hall — ancient  Gilds^  20. 

H. 

Hall,  Bidiop,  64. 

Haljlede,  80,  81. 

llanmer,  70.  140.  156.  162. 

Hanningfeld,  50. 

Haras  ,184. 

Harvefl:  gloves,  190.  226. 

Haying,   it, 8. 

Fltln.intkoltthus  Ammonites,  5. 

Grynhites,  5. 

Hercules,  figure  of,  '31. 

Her iet turn,  96. 

High  ways,  legacies  to  repair,  [5.  20. 

Hockey,   2.^7. 

H^^erclls,  iSj. 


Hoggets,  239. 

Hog-zvool,  239. 

Hops,  Hopyurds,  202. 

Horfes,  Suffolk,  222. 

Hofiiliaments,  1  7. 

Hour-glais  for  the  piilpir,  34.. 

Houl'c  of  the  Elizabethan  age  defcribed. 

130. 
Hujbands,  Pollard-trees,  2 1 4. 


I. 


179. 


Jacob's  zee II,  6. 

Ink  ancient,  92.  i  10. 

of  gold,  76. 

Jocalia,  Jozveliys,  17. 
Julian'' s  Bowers,  113. 

K. 


Katiffman  Angelica,  portraits  by,  164- 
Kendal  a  coat'^of,   i6. 
King's  Arms  in  churches,  49. 
'Kirtle  and  mantle  diflinguilhed,  24. 
Knacker,  207. 
Knights  Templars,  49. 
Carpet,  1^3. 

L. 

Lamps,    Lair.p-Lond.    1 8- 

Lancet  windows,  43. 

Land,  rent  of,  176.  183,  4.  196,  7.  Sdo* 

207.  224. 
Largcfs,  2z6. 

Leales  ancient,  175,  6,  7.  193. 
LeSlorne,  47. 

LeeJes,  hdwarJ,  tbe  Grammarian,  158,9, 
Lefy,  S.r  Piter,  fine  portraits  by,  156,  7^ 
Letters  tallened  with  wax  and  filk,  154. 
Licence,  papal  for  a  chapel,  120. 
protcltant,  23  i;. 


Liveries.     Livery  lervants,  129. 


Mancfr 


2  4<S 


U 


D. 


E 


X. 


>J    'TO- 


M. 

Manor,  8 

Mafers,  119. 

Mnffes  for  the  dead,  1 3-. 

Merc^eetuvi},g6'.  ' 

MetcaJfe,  63. 

Middilton,  o:. 

Mill-houfc^.ioK 

Money  paid  at  a  church-porch,  76, 

■ .   at  aharj,  M4,  177. 

jVlonuments  fepulchral,  3:,  49,  &c, 
MorterclS)  11., 


N, 


Nat  hi,  95. 

Nine  o'clock,  wh^,   96^.. 

Ncf/,  63.  79.81.  83,86. 


O. 


Pline  trees  2. 

I'lants,  lift  of,  3.  23-2.. 

Plafter,  ancient   140. 

Plate,  price  of  in  i  557,  1 264. 

Plough  driver,  188. 

Po^,  210. 

Poor  mens,  box,  34, 

Poors  Rates,  157,  i62,_ 

Population,  89.  i65» 

Pofnets,  127. 

Powder-box,  perfumed  pov/der,   iiS^i^ 

Powdering  room,  i;yi. 

Pox  fmall,  the  dread  of  it,  159. 

Frc2p>fitus,  192. 

Prayers  for  the  dead,  obfervations  on,  29.. 

l-'reachers,  their  names  to  be  regiftcied  :s 

a  book,  33. 
primer  118. 
Punches  Suffolk,  222.. 


R.. 


Oatmeal,  1.S4. 

Offering  filver,  paid  by  aucomary  tenants 

to  their  lords,  at  Chriftmas,  14.  95.. 
Offerings  by  maftersJor  their  fervants,i4. 
Orgayns,  two  j-)ayer  in  a  fmall  chancel,  34. 
Oxen  kept  for  labour,  184.  224. 
- — ^  their  horns  an.otnted  with  honey ^185. 

P. 

T^r  of  Beads,  26,. 

Pater  noflers,  26,  zj, . 

Parifh,   214. 

Parks,  increaje  of,  201, 

Par  rock,  210. 

Pepper,  b'6- 

pews  in  churches,  44, . 

Pewter,  127. 

Peyton,,\\  3. 

Pikes  in  England  in  128  i,  1 1._ 

Ptiches,  36,  37.  58.  67. 

/V'ti'^,  or  manfion-houfe,  jao. 


Pieaper  head,  97,  192. 

Records  civif,   bound  up  with  religious^ 

books,  Po. 
Reftors,  hit  of,  63. 
Regifters,  church,  63.  'j'^.-. 
Ringing  of  bells,  to.  19. 
Roff  Solomon  de,  his  Iter,  84. 
Romefeot,  14. 
Rood-loft,  18.  48.  - 
Rookwood,  9  J. 

Roles,  a  referved  rent,  why,  1080 . 
Rofe-trees,  208. 
Rove,  217. 

Kuflies  for  chambers,  104. 
Rye  grafs,  2  jj* 


S. 


Sacr'ing  bell,  35.. 
Saffron,  190.  241, 
Saint  Maur,  41.  51. 
Salt  Petre,  1 50. 


Scholen- 


K 


D        TL 


X. 


44^ 


Schokr  of  divlnlteat  Cambridge,  18. 
Sennen  in  Cornwall,  orders  for  a  Society 

there,  21. 
Serviens  de  manerio,  188. 
Sheep,  fine  flock  of,  how  made  and  kept 

fiich,  '39. 
Ship-Cofcr,  I  26. 
Shoes,  common  prefents,  10. 
Shravel  wood,  216. 
Sickamoore  trees,  208. 
Si/igo,  180. 

.S/V,  a  title  not  confined  to  knights,  13. 
■Smith  Edward,  an  engr.iver,  159. 
Smoaking-room,  132-. 
Seller,  35. 
Sparver,  126. 
Spices  for  embalming  the  dead,  1 2. 

for  feafonings,  86. 

Spiritual  fons  and  daughters,  15,  30. 

Spring,  variations  in,  233. 

Stallions,  186. 

Stamym,  a  pair  of,  118, 

Steeples  unhurt  by  lightning,  42. 

Steward  of  a  manor,  103. 

Stone,  Nicholas,  a  Itatuary,  54,  145. 

Stop,  or  ftoup,  for  holy  water,  43. 

Stottj,  184. 

Streets,  143. 

Stipermtjfor,  192. 

Supervifor  of  a  will,  26. 

Swords  worn  by  fludcnts  at  Cambridge, 

158. 


T. 


Talmacle,  9,  86,  98. 

Taske  and  Take,  for  tax,  20 1 , 


■'j* 


7^?ar;  et  apri  libertas,  S5. 

Tenement  a.  Tenements,  14.  97.  166. 

Thirty  day,  24. 

Tiles,  early  ule  of,  94.'' 

limber,  196.  109.  218. 

Tiaverftn,  119. 

Tree  cleft,  children  drawn  through,  2,34-, 

Trental  of  maffcs,  1 6. 

TrnJJing,  cofer,  i  26. 

Turneps,  2  18.  224. 

y>'m/,  37. 

V-. 

X^alue  of  church  preferments,  8. 
Veflel,  garnilh  of,  127. 
Veftment  principal,  127. 

W. 

Wages  of  fervants,  182. 188.  215.  22.5-0 

Wailfail  cup,  209. 

Waldegrave,  113. 

Wardfhip  and  marriage,  ^c^.  97.  124. 

Warpenni,  86. 

Wajlle  bread,  1 1. 

Water  confecrated,  ^6. 

Wax-candles,  9. 

Wax-chandler,  12. 

Wills  ancient,  with    obfervations   iipoft 

them,  14.  28.  1 16.  125. 
Windows  of  different  forms,  41. 
Witchcraft  unpardonable,  1 155. 
^^'oman  of  rcli_>ion,  120. 
Woman  not  included  in  the  word  rw;?,  1.77 . 
Wood,  196.  199.  2i8-. 
Wroy,y^.  147.. 


The 


E  N   n. 


■•) :  2    •••■syss  V'j'isv 


BIBLIOTHECA 


TOPOGRAPHICA 


R      I      T      A      N      N      I      C      A. 


N"     LII. 

CONTAINING 

COLLECTIONS  towards   the  History   and 

Antiquities  of  Elmeswell  and  Campsey 

Ash,  in  the  County  of  Suffolk. 


[Trice  zs.  6i.] 


The  FIFTY-SECOND  NUMBER  contains. 


I.  Colle<Slions  towards  the  Hiilory  and  Antiquities  of  Elmes- 

WELL  and  Campsey  Ash,  in  Suffolk  ;  Thirty-two  Pages 
of  Letter-prefs,  with  One  Plate. 

II.  General   Title   Pages,    Preface,   and  Contents'  to  the 

Whole  Work,  with  Directions  to  the  Binder. 

III.  An  additional  Leaf  to  Holyhead,  p.  35,  36;    with  a  Plate 

on  the  Letter-prefs. 

IV.  An  additional  Leaf  to  Kentish  Antiquities,   N°  XLIL 

p.  473,  474  ;    with  Two  Plates  of  Richborough  Castle. 

V.  An  additional  Leaf    to  Surrey  Antiquities,    N°  XLVI. 

P*  35>  36;  with  Three  Plates;  Sutton  Place^  Croydon 
Tokens,  and  a  Portrait  of  Mr.  Aubrey. 

VI.  Plate  XXVIII.  in  addition  to  N°  XLI. 

VII.  A  Sheet  in  Addition  to  Stoke  Newington. 

VIII.  Appendix  to  St.  Katharine's,  p.  113 — 126  ;  with  Two 
Plates. 

IX.  Appendix  to  Fotheringay,  p.  113 — 117. 

%*  The  prefent  Number  contains  NINE  PLATES,  befides 
thofe  on  the  Letter-prefs.  In  the  whole  Eight  Volumes 
there  are  more  than  THREE  HUNDRED  PLATES. 


COLLECTIONS 


TOWARDS 


The  history  and  ANTIQUITIES 


O    F 


ELMESWELL 


AND 


CAMPSEY       ASH, 

In    the    County    of   SUFFOLK. 


LONDON: 
PRINTED    BY    AND     FOR     JOHN    NICHOLS. 

MDCCXC. 


.  f  ,  1 

Concerning  the  Almes-houfe  in  Elmswell*,  given  by  Sir  Robert 
..-iGfARDEXERj^^pfPakenham,   in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  knight, 

i\nno  DQm.  1,614. 

A  ti'ue  Coppy  of  the  hidenture  foUoweth: 

.  i    lit.;!;' 

THIS  INDENTURE  Tripartite,  made  the  firfl  dale  of  January,  in 
the  yeer  of  tlie  raigne  of  our  mofl:  gratious  Soveraigne  Lord  James,  by  the  grace 
df  Go'd,  of  England,  France,  and  Ireland,  King,  Defender  of  the  Faith,  &c.  the 
twelfth,  and  of  Scdtland  the  eight  and  fortieth  :  betweene  Sir  Robert  Gardener,  of 
Pakenham,  in  the  C'olihty'of  Suffolk,  knight,  of  the  firft  partie;  and  John  Hart,  Robert 
Buckle,'  and  John  Marfli,  of  Elmfwell,  in  the  faid  county,  yeomen,  of  the  fecond 
partie;  and  Edward  CrofTe,  Richard  Kufleli,  and  John  Raignold,  of  Wolpetr,  in 
the  faid  courii)'-,  yeomen,  of  the  third  partie:  witnefleth.  That  whereas  the  faid 
Sir  Robert  (hardener  hath,  out  of  his  charitable  devotidn  and  chriftian  zeale  and 
tare,  and' at  his  only  proper  cods  and  charges,  founded,  ere£led,  and  fet  up,  within 
themannor  ahd',Iord{hip  of  EhTifwell,  within  the  faid  county  of  Suffolk,  one  con- 
venient Alrnes-hotife,"  conteyning  five  feverall  roomes,  houfes,  or  chambers,  and 
fett  and  placed  the  fame  in  and  upon  one  parcell  or  peece  of  ground  near  unto  the 
eaft  end  of  the  church  or  church-yard  of  Elmfwell  aforefaid  ;  and  hath  alfo  affigned, 
lininlited^  and  appointed  to' evcrie  of  the  faid  five  feverall  roomes,  houfes,  or  cham- 
bers,'a  conve'ijieflt  parcell  of  ground  for  a  garden  plott,  and  a  yard  to  fet  wood, 
and  for  other  rieceffary  ufes,  in  all  conteyning,  by  eftimation,  neare  about  half  an 
^dre  of  groiiml ;  ^and  hath  placed  in  each  or  every  of  four  of  the  roomes  one  poore 
aged  widdow  woman  :  and  in  the  fifr,  being  fom'what  greater  then  the  reft,  two 
poore  aged  women,  likcwife  widdows ;  vi'hich  fayd  almes-houfe  the  faid  Sir  Robert 
Gardener  hath  feated  and  placed  neare  unto  the  parifh  church  of  Eimfwell  aforefaid, 
to  the  ifncnt' that  the  faid  poore  aged  women  during- their  naturall  lives,  and  all 
fuch  as  ihould  fuctced  thfem,'  and  now  or  heerafter  placed,  or  to  be  placed,  in  the 
faid  houfe,  might. the  blotter  attend  the  fervice  of' Almighty  God.  And  that,  and 
for  a  refncmbrance  by  whom  and  at'  whofe  charges  the  faid  houfe  was  builded  and 
erefted,  the  faid  Sir  Robert  Gardener  doth  by  thefe  prefents  ordaine,  lyrait,  and  ap- 
pointe,  that  the  fame  houfe,  roomes,  and  chambers,  by  him  fo  builded,  with  the 
beford  rememhi'ed  feyerall  parcells  of  ground,  by  him  fo  alligned  to  everie  of  the 
fame,  (hall  'be;^tlrricd  .  and  called,  "  Sir  Robert  Gardener  his  Almes-hous.""  And 
fo  Tor  ever  lb  be  called,  and  for  ^ver  heerafter  ufed,  imployed,  and  continued 
tor  ah  Alme's-houfe, 'for  the,  habitation,  dwelling,  eafe,  and  ufe,  of  fixe  poore  aged 

*  Extraifled  from  a  book  in  the  pofllilion  of  Mr.  Hocigkin,  the  prefent  reflor  of  Elir.fwcll,  intituled, 
.«•  An  Accon>pt  Bocke  of  the  Moneys  payd  to  the  poore  Women  in  the  Almes-hotifc  in  Ehriiwell,  fince 
"•'  the  Death  of  Gardener  Webbe,  Efti;  who  payd  the  poore  Widdous  in  the  Alms-houlc  dminge  his 
■'•  life.  But  the  Feofl'ees  havinge  now  the  truil  fince  jn  thcir^hands,  they  thinke  it  necelliirie  to  have  an 
l**:Ac(^6mpt  ready  tQ  anlwcr  all  objtaioiw  whiqh  iiiuy  be-  made  a^4im|jj\eu!i." 

,  ;  B '     '' "  women. 


^  COLLEOTIONS      FOR     SUFFOLK. 

Women,  being  and  continuing  widdows.     And  to  bee,  from  time  to  time,  indiffe- 
rently, vviihout  partialitv  or  affection,  chofen   and  elected  out  of  the  inhabitants  of 
the  faid  townes  and  parilhes  of  Elmfwell  and  Wolpett  aforefaid,   according  to  cer- 
taine  ordinances,  limmitations,  and  appointments,  of  the  fayd  Sir  lljabott  Gardener^ 
under  his  hand  fubfcribed,  and  unto  the  feverall  parties  of  thefe  Indentures  affyled 
and  annexed  •,  and  that  the  heires  andafTignes  of  the  fayd  Sir  Robert,  who  fhall  fuc- 
ceed  him  as  inheritors  or  owners  af  tfie  manfiort-houfe  of  the  faid  manner  of  Ehnf- 
well  aforefaid,  at  his  and  their  colts  and  charges,  fhall,  from  time  to  time,  ever  heer- 
after,  maintaine,  uphold,  and  keepe,  the  fayd  houfe  and  houfes,  fo  by  him  built  and 
erefted,  in   good  and  fufficient  reparations,  as  need  and  occafion  (hall  require.     And 
the  fayd  Sir  Robert  Gardener  doth,  by  thefe  prefents,  ordaine,  eflablifh,  and  ap- 
pointe,  That  the  faid  John  Harte,  Robert  Buckle,  John  Marfh,    Edward  Crofle, 
Richard  Ruffell,  and  John  Raignold,  (hall,  after  the  death  of  the  faid  Sir  Robert, 
be  Governours  of  the  faid  Almes-houfe,  and  of  other  the  premifles.     And,  front 
time  to  time,  after  his  deceafe,  together  with  the  new  miniflers  of  the  feverall  pa- 
rilhes of  Elmfwell  and  Wolpett,  and  of  their  fuccelTors,  with  the  confent  and  good- 
liking  of  fuch  as  from  time  to  time  fliall  be  owners  and  inheritors  of  the  manfion- 
houfe  of  Elmfwell  aforefaid,  to  have  the  nomination,  placing,  ele<5lion,  and  power  of 
difplacing  of  the  fame  poore  women,  which,  from  time  to.times.fbidl  te  cTiofen  and 
preferred  to  any  place  in  the  fame  almes-houfe,  by  and  under  the'Iawes,  rules,  and 
ordinances,  by  the  faid  Sir  Robert  ordained,  ellablillied,  and  appoiated,  and  to  thefe 
prelents  affyled  and  annexed,  as  befor^  reniembred.     And  the  faid  Sir  Robert  Gar- 
dener doth  alfo  by  thefe  prefents  ordaine,  limitt,  and  appoint,  that  as  the  before- 
named  poore  widdow  women,  or  any  of  them,  now  placed  or  heerafter  to  be  placedl 
in  the  fayd  houfe,  (hall  fortune  to  die  and  depart  this  life,  or  be  difplaced  for  difr 
obeying  or  not  performing  the  orders  and  rules,  or  any  of  them  before  remembred, 
that  then,  from  rime  to  time,  after  the  deceafe  of  the  laid  Sir  Robert  Gardener,  for 
ever  heerafter,  within  tenne  days  next  after  the  deceafe  or  difplacing  of  everie  or 
any  of  the  faid  poore  aged  women,  it  fhall  be  lawfull,  and  fo  the  faid  Sir  Robert 
doth  ordaine  and  appoint,  that  fuch  of  the  three  feoffees,  or  grantees,  and  gover- 
nours of  the  towne  and  parifh  out  of  which  the  partie  fo  dying  or  offending  was  for- 
merly elecled  and  chofen,  for  the  greater  part  of  them  furviving,  and  to  their  fuc- 
ceiiors,  with  confent  as  aforefaid,  from  time  to  time,  to  name  and  appoint  out  of 
tlie  towne  or  parilh  from  whence  the  faid  poore  women,  or  any  of  them,  fo  dying  or 
difplaced,  were  formerly  elefted  and  chofen,  to  eleft  and  choofe  out  of  tlie  fame 
parilh  one  other  poore  sged  woman  of  like  condition  and  quallity  as  the  reft  not 
deceafed,  but  remaining,  be  of:  and  fhe  or  they  fo  newly  elected  to  have,   injoye, 
and  receive  fuch  and  like  allowance  yeerly  as  the  reft,  for  her  or  their  mayntayn- 
ance  and  releife,  as  in  thefe    prefents  after  is  limmited,   granted,  and  appointed, 
and  under  fuch  the  ordinances,  rules,    and  orders,  as  the  laid  Sir  Robert  doth  and 
hath  eftablifned  and   declared  in  the  faid  fchedule  to  thefe  prefents  annexed  and 
affyled,  and  before  rcmembred.     And  for  a  convenient  habitation,  and  a  yeerly  fup- 
portation,  maintaynance,  and  releife,  of  everie  of  the  faid  fixe  poore  women  now 
placed,  and  heerafter  to  be  placed,  in  the  fame  almes-houfe  i   the  faid  Sir  Robert 
Gardener  doth,  by  thefe  prefents,  give,  grant,  and  convey,  not  only  the  hoijfe  fo 
built  as  aforefaid,  with  the  ground,  and  other  the  preraiffes,  before  remembred,  and 
4  for 


A  L  M  S  H  O  ^y  S  E      AT     E  L  M  E  vS  W  F.  L  t.  3 

fer  fiidvotlierintents  as  are, before  Iknmited,  nieivtioned,  aTidappoiuted--,  bntdotlj  alfo 
grant,  UinmiM,  and  appointe,  ycerly,  to  every  of  the  laid  poQi'e  woiiien,  three  pounds 
and  tenue  ihillings,  aniountinge  weekly  to  the  ;fume  of  fixteen  pence,  to  eyery  of 
them :  and  monthly  for  ever  to  be  paid  unto  eveiie  of  them.  And  that  everic  of 
them  to  have  yeerly  one  load  of  one  bond  woode,  good  fke-woode,  to  be  made  up  for 
firinge,  and  to,  be  taken  out  of  or  upon  his  mannor  of  Elmfwell ;  and  ro  be  yeerly 
carried, and  delivered,  at  the  faid  almes-houfe  in  Elmfwell  atorefaid,  by  fuch  as  fliall 
be  by  coyrfeof  la'>y,  or  otherwifc,  nov/  or  hereafter  nominated  and  appointed,  to  in- 
berrit^,  or  fuC'Ceed  as  iiiheritors  or  owners  of  his  manfion-houfe  of  Elmfwell  afore- 
faid.  And  alfo  that  every  of  the  faid  fix  poor  women  (liall  yeerly,  forever,  have 
deliveied  unto  every  of  them,  in,  near,  or  upon,  the  ieaft  dale  of  All  Saiats,  called 
Hallymas-daye,-  one  gowaie,  readie  made,  of  courfe  blew  cloth,  or  of  ftuiTe  of  like 
nature,  and  of  yalu-e  abottt  five  pounds.  And  for  the  better  provifion,  fupportation, 
naaynuy-nance,  -atid-caritinuance  of  the  faid  alwies-houfes,  and  fixe  poore  women  in 
the  faid  almes-houfes  now  placed,  or  to  bee  fo  placed,  for  ever,  accordinge  to  ihe 
fiurpofe,  lymication,  and  intention,  declared  as  aforefaid;  and  for  Jure  and  true  pay- 
ment of  the  faid  fumes  fo  federally  granted  and  lymited  as  aforefald,  and  in  perform- 
ance of  fuch  intended  and  mentional  purpofes,  the  faid  Sir  Robert  Gardener,  out 
of  his  godly  zeale  and  chrillian  charitie,  doth  by  thefe  prefents  further  give  and 
grant  unto  the  faid  John  Harte,  Robert  Buckle,  John  Marfli,  Edward  Crcffe,  Ri- 
chard Kuffell,  ^fidjohn  Ilaignold,one  annuall  and  yeerlie  rent  di ftxteenc  -pounds  of  law. 
full  English  mouey,  to  be  iifuinge,  goinge  out,  perceived,  and  takLn,  of,  in,  and  out 
of,  all  fueii  hisiands,  tenements,  and  hereditaments,  fuuate,  lyinge,  and  being  within 
the  parifti  of  Thelnetbam,  or  in  any  other  parilh  neere  or  next  adjoyninge,  being  in 
the  county  of  Suffolk,  and  lately  purchafed  of  Robert  Smyth  and  William  his  bro- 
ther, fonns  to  one, Thomas  Snayth  their  late  father,  deceafed,  as  by  conveyance  ap- 
pearei,b^  ^nd  in,,  ajifi  out  of,  every  parcell  thereof,  with  their  pnd  everie  of  their 
;appuitenances,;  aad  to  be  payd  jjcerlie,  at  the  Feafts  of  the  Annunciation  of  the 
BlefTed  L^idythfi  Virgin  Marie;  and  at  the  Feall  of  St.  RlichaeU  the  Archangell; 
by  even  and  equall  portions ;  the  firft  payment  'to  bt  made  and  beginne  at  fuch 
of  the  fame  Feafts  as  fhajl  firfl  happen  to  come  next  after  the  dcceafe  of  the  faid 
Sir  Robert.  And  alfo,  to  continue  the  charitable  purpofes  aforefaid,  the  faid  Sir 
-Uobeit  Gardener  ^bth, further,  by  thefe  prefents,  give  and  grant  unto  the  faid  John 
Flarte,  Robert  Bpckje,  John  Marfh,  Edw.ird  Crofle,  Richard  Ruliell,  and  John 
iRaigtJold,  one  annuall  ani^  yeerly  rent  of  tenne  fiends,  to  be  illai,nge  out,  perceived, 
'•and  taken  out,  of  his  mannors  of  Elmfwell  and  Wolpett,  and  in  and  out  of  everie 
part  of  them,  with  their  appurtenances;  to  have  and  to  hold  the  faid  houle,  with  the 
.premiffes  and  appurtenances;  and  to  liave  and  to  hold,  take,  injoye,  and  perceive, 
the  faid  feverall  annuall  and  yeerlie  rents  of  fixteene  pounds,  and  tenae  pounds,  unto 
the  faid  Joh^i  l.Jqr,i€i,  iiobert  Buckle,  John  Marlh,  Edward  Crofle,  Richard  Ruifell, 
and  Jghn  RaigrK^d,  theif  heires,  fucceflbrs,  and  affignes,  to  and  for  the  intends  and 
.ufcsftforefaid,.  for  ever.  And  if  it  (hall  happen  the  faid  yeerii;?  rtem?  pf  fixteene 
pounds,  and  tentie  poundsi,  to  be  behinde  and  unpaid  by  the  fpace  of  twentie  daies 
■next  after  either  of  the  faid  feaft  daies  before  iimmited  for  payment  thereof,  that 
thqiyjtftiilLaqd  jnay  be  lawfull  to  and  for  the  faid  John  Harte,  Robert  Buckle, 
-.riij'j.iEbni;  ,^"iao4-32.-i:.'  B-A.u...  }°^° 


4  CO  L  L  E  C  T  TONS      FOR      SUFFOLK. 

John  Marfli,  Edward  Croffe,  Uichard  Ruflell,  and  John  Raignold,  or  any  of  them, 
or  any  of  their  heires,  fucceflbrs,  or  affignes,  intereftcd  in  the  faid  yeeilie  rents, 
according?  to  the  true  meaninge  of  theie  prefents,  to  enter  into  the  fame  manners, 
and  other  the  premifles,  out  of  which  the  fame  feverall  annuall  and  yearlie  rents  of 
fixteene  pounds,  and  tenne  pounds,  arc -ppointed  and  iimmited  to  be  iffuinge  and 
paid,  and  into  any  part  or  parcell  thereof,  to  enter  and  diftraine  upon  the  feverall 
places  fo  feverallie  charged  as  aforefaid,  for  fuch  rents,  as  out  df  the  place  charged 
fhall  be  behinde  and  unpaid,  and  the  diflreffeand  dirtreffes  there,  from  time  to  time; 
had  and  taken,  to  leade,  drive  awaye,  detaine,  and  impound,  untill  fatisfaftion  fhall 
be  had  and  made  of  the  faid  annuall  and  yearly  rents  fo  being  unpaid  as  aforefaidi 
and  by  thefe  prefents  granted,  and  of  everie  part  thereof,  with  the  arrearages. 
And  the  faid  Sir  Robert  doth,  by  thefe  prefents,  further  grant,  for  him,  his  heirs 
and  aflignes,  That  if  the  faid  owners  or  inheritors  of  the  manfion,  or  mannor-houfe, 
of  Elmfwell  aforefaid,  fhall  not  make  up,  and  carrie  the  faid  fixe  load  of  wood,  as 
before  is  limmited,  that  then  it  fhall  and  may  be  lawfullto  and  for  the  faid  John 
Harte,  Robert  Buckle,  John  Marfli,  Edward  Crofle,  Richard  Ruffell,  and  John 
Raignold,  and  the  furvivors  of  them,  their  heires  and  fucceflbrs,  yearly,  for  ever,  to 
curt  downe,  make,  and  carry  awaye,  in  feafonable  time  and  times  of  the  year,  the 
faid  fixe  load  of  good  and  feafonable  one  bond  firewood,  named  and  fpecified  as 
afoi  efaid,  in  and  upon  any  of  the  grounds  and  lands  of  the  mannor  of  Elmfwell 
aforefaid,  at  and  in  any  place,  at  their  will  and  pleafure,  to  be  cut  downe,  made,  car- 
ried, delivered,  and  imployed,  for  the  ufe  of  the  faid  poore  women,  at  the  only  colls 
and  charges  of  fuch  the  faid  inheritor  or  inheritors,  owner  or  owners,  of  the  faid 
manfion,  or  mannor-houfe,  aforefaid.  And  the  faid  Sir  Robert  Gardener  doth,  by 
thefe  prefents,  ordaine,  eflablifli,  and  appoint,  that  when  and  as  often  as  ioure  of 
the  faid  feoffees  and  grantees  before  named  (hall  deceafe  and  be  dead,  then  the  other 
two  furvivinge  (hall,  from  time  to  time,  affigne,  conveye,  and  grant  over,  not  only 
the  faid  almcs-houfe,  with  the- appurtenances,  but  alfo  the  faid  feverall  annuall  and 
yearly  rents  fo  granted  by  thefe  prefents,  unto  foure  other  of  the  moft  fubftantiall 
and  honefl  men,  being  freeholders,  equally  of  and  out  of  the  faid  pariflies  of  Elmef- 
well  and  Wolpett  aforefaid,  by  confent  and  good  likinge  of  the  forefaid  miniflers  of 
Elmefwell  and  Wolpett  aforenamed,  and  by  advice  of  learned  counfelj,  to  have  and 
to  hold,  to  them  and  their  heires,  to  the  ufe  of  the  faid  new  named  feoffees  or 
grantees,  and  of  the  other  two  then  furvivinge,  and  of  their  heirs'  and  fuccefTors,  to 
and  for  the  ufe,  purpofe,  and  intents  before  mentioned  and  remembred  ;  which  faid 
foure  perfons,  together  with  the  faid  other  two  furvivinge,  dial  be  governours  of 
the  faid  almes-houfe-,  and  they,  with  the  confent  of  the  faid  minifters  for  the  time 
being,  or  the  more  part  of  them,  with  confent  as  afore-mentioned,  to  have  the  elec- 
tion, placinge,  and  difplacinge,  of  the  fixe  faid  poore  women,  and  every  of  them, 
which  (hall  from  time  to  time  bee  preferred  and  placed  in  tht  laid  almes-houfe,  by 
and  under  the  rules  and  ordinances  by  the  faid  Sir  Robert  ordained  and  eflablifhed, 
and  from  time  to  time  to  be  affyled  and  annexed  to  the  faid  new  conveyances,  which 
Ihall  be  fo  made  as  unto  thefe*  And  that  from  time  to  time,  as  often  as  any  foure 
of  them  (hall  fortune  to  deceafe  and  depart  this  prefent  life,  that  then  alike  a  new 
grant  and  conveyance,  with  hke  ailylinge  and  annexinge  of  the  ordinances  aforefaid, 
to  be  made  and  executed  in  forme  •aforefaid,  of  the  faid  almes-Loufe,  and  appurte- 
nances. 


•ALMSHOUSE     AT     ELMESWELL.  5 

nances,  and  of  the  faid  annuall  and  yearly  rents,  to  other  foure  of  the  like  mofl: 
fublUntiall  freeholders  of  the  parifhes  and  townes  aforefaid,  and  in  forme  aforefaid  ; 
and  fo  to  be  renewed  and  continued,  from  time  to  time,  for  ever,  to  the  ufes,  lim-. 
mitations,  and  intents,  before  mentioned.  And  the  faid  pcrfons,  from  time  to  time 
fo  to  be  named,  to  be  interefled  in  the  faid  houfe,  with  the  appurtenances,  and  of 
the  faid  annuall  and  yearly  rents,  and  to  be  governours  of  the  faid  almes-houfe,  and 
of  the  perfons  fo  placed,  together  with  the  faid  minifiers,  and  inheritors  or  owners, 
afore-mentioned,  and  to  have  the  placing  and  difplacing  of  the  faid  poore  women, 
and  of  every  of  them,  from  time  to  time,  by  and  under  the  laws,  rules,  and  ordinances, 
before  made  and  remembred.  And  lallly,  the  faid  Sir  Robert  Ganener  doth,  by 
thefe  prefents,  grant,  by  him,  and  his  heires  and  affignes,  that  for  further  and 
more  better  aflurance  that  the  faid  feverall  grants  of  the  faid  feverall  rents  may  have 
continuance  to  the  ufes  limmited,  that  if  i:  lliall  heerafter  by  any  lawfull  eviction 
of  the  premiffes  before  charged,  or  of  any  part  thereof,  or  fufpenficn  of  the  faid 
rents,  or  any  part  thereof,  lb  as  the  faid  rents  may  not  be  paide  and  continued  ac- 
cordinge  to  the  former  intentions,  that  then  and  from  thenceforth  it  (liall  and  may 
be  lawfull  to  the  faid  John  Harte,  Robert  Buckle,  John  Marlh,  Edward  CroiTe, 
Richard  Ruffeil,  and  John  Raignokls,  and  to  their  heires,  fucceflbrs,  and  affignes, 
before  named,  to  enter  and  difiraine  in  any  other  of  the  lands  of  the  faid  Sir  Robert 
not  before  charged,  for  fo  much  of  the  faid  rents,  as  by  reafon  of  fuch  eviction  or 
fufpenfion  may  not  be  recovered,  and  fo  longe  as  the  fame  Ihall  continue;  any 
thing  before  mentioned  notwithftanding. 

In  witnefle  whereof,  unto  thone  part  of  thefe  prefent  Indentures, -with  the  faid 
John  Harte,  Robert  Buckle,  John  Marih,  Edward  CrofTe,  Richard  Ruffeil,  and  John 
Raignolds,  remayning,  the  faid  Robert  Gardener  hath  fett  his  hand  and  fcale  ; 
unto  the  other  parr,  remayning  with  the  faid  Sir  Robert,  the  faid  John  Harte, 
Robert  Buckle,-  John  Marfh,  Edward  Croffe,  Richard  Ruffeil,  and  John  Raignolds, 
have  fett  their  hands  and  feals,  the  day  and  year  firft  above  written. 
Sealed  and  delivered,  in  the  prefence  of 

Wilham  VV'ebbe,  Edward  Swallow,  Giles  Bougen. 


ORDINANCES  and  Rnles  eftablifhed,  ordained,  and  appointed,  by  Sir 
Robert  Gardener,  Knight,  for  and  touching  the  government  ot  the  poore  peo* 
pie  now  placed,  and  hereafter  to  be  placed,  in  the, almes-houfe  in  Elmefwell,  in 
the  county  of  Suffolk,  now  by  him  newly  founded,  and  by  him  erected,  this 
firft  day  of  January,  Anno  Domini  1 614. 

Imprimis,  The  faid  Sir  Robert  Gardener  doth  eflablifh  and  appoiiit,  that  in  the 
faid  houfe  ihall  continuallie  be  placed  fixe  poore  women,  widdows,  of  the  feverall 
parilhes  of  the  faid  Elmfwell  and  of  Wolpett,  within  the  faid  countie ;  viz.  three 
out  of  either  parilh  allwayes  to  continue,  and  alvvayes  to  be  ele<fled  and  chofen  by 
the  feoffees  and  governors  of  the  faid  almes-houfe,  in  the  Indentures  hereunto 
affyled  and  annexed  named  and  appointed,  with  alhvays  the  confent  and  allowance 
as  well  of  the  niinifters  or  parfons  of  the  faid  feverall  pariflies  for  the  time  being, 
as  with  confent  and  good  liking  of  the  inheritors  of  the  jnannor-houfe  of  Elms- 
well, 


^  COLLECTIONS     FOR     SUFFOLK. 

well,  when  he,  flie,  or  they,  flK\U  be,  at  fuch  eleflion,  of  full  age,  al*vays  placing 
three  out  of  either  parifh,  ill  manner  and  forme  hereafter  to  be  placed,  removed,  and 
changed. 

Item,  The  faid  poore  women  fo  to  be  ele£led  to  be  fuch  as,  at  the  time  of  fuels 
e'ei^tion  and  choice,  Hiall  be  accompted  and  reputed  to  have  lived  foberly,  chaitiy, 
honcftly,  and  religioufly,  and  to  be  aged  threefcore  years,  or  neere  the  fame,  if 
fuch  may  at  the  time  of  fuch  eleftion  be  in  the  faid  feverall  pariflies  found,  and  three 
years  to  be  dwelling  in  the  parilh  out  of  which  fliee  is  to  bechofen.  And  if  noe 
inch  poore  women,  widdows,  and  of  fuch  age,  or  not  quullyficd  as  before  is  lymited 
and  appointed,  may  at  the  time  of  fuch  ekdtion  be  iound,  then  fuch  elecftion  and 
nomination  to  be  alhvays  made  of  fuch  poore,  lame,  impotent  perlons,  or  perfons 
dil'eafed,  or  fickly,  being  women  unmariied,  aiid  quailyficd  as  before  mentioned, 
and  there  to  have  dwelt  the  time  and  fpace  aforef;iid.  .  ■) 

item,  It  is  further  ordayned  and  edablitbed  by  the  founder  aforenamed,  th^ 
none  of  the  faid  women,  fo  to  be  named  or  chofen»  Ihall  be  a  common  fcokler,  drun- 
kard, brawler,  incontinent  of  life,  a  harberour  of  rogues,  thceves,  or  idle  perfons, 
and  fuch  like,  or  ufuall  hedge  breaker,  or  to  entertaine  or  lodge  any  perfon  or 
perfons  whonifoever  in  their  chamber  in  the  night  feafon,  or  to  raarrie,  or  contrafle 
marriage  with  any. 

Item,  It  is  further  eflablifhed  and  ordayned,  by  the  founder  aforefaid,  that  the 
faid  women,  and  every  of  them,  fliall  repaire  upon  the  fabboath-days  to  the  church 
of  Elmfwell,  and  there  to  remaine  and  continue,  orderly  and  decently,  during  the 
time  of  preaching  and  divine  fervice  there  to  be  uied  ;  and  further,  twice  in  the 
week  days  to  repaire  to  the  faid  church,  and  there  to  continue  the  time  of  preach- 
ing and  ordinarie  prayer,  if  any  fliall  be  there  ufed  ;  it  none,  or  not  ufed,  then  thi- 
ther twice  in  the  faid  week  to  refort,  and  there  to  continue  in  prayer  by  the  fpace 
of  half  an  houre  at  the  lead,  and  at  fuch  days  and  times  in  the  week  as  by  the  mini- 
fter  of  Elmfwell  for  the  time  being  fhal  be  appointed,  if  ficknes  and  other  jufl 
caufe  of  lawful!  abfence  Ihall  not  occafion  the  concrarie  ;  which  caufe  of  ficknes, 
and  other  juft  occafion,  to  "be  allowed  by  the  faid  minifter. 

Item,  That  the  faid  poore  women,  and  every  of  them,  fhall,  from  time  to  time, 
maintaine  and  keep  their  feverall  chambers,  with  their  gardens,  walkes,  and  ground, 
wherein  from  time  to  time  they  fliall  be  placed,  cleane,  wholfome,  and  fweet;  and 
not  to  beggc,  or  challenge  charitie  of  any. 

Item,  It  is  ordayaed  and  ellablifhed,  by  the  faid  founder,  that  if  any  of  the  faid 
poore  women,  now  placed,  or  hereafter  to  be  placed,  as  atorefaid,  or  any  of  them, 
fhall,  in  life  of  the  faid  founder,  or  after  his  deceafe,  be  found  guiltie  of  any  of 
the  aforenamed  offences  or  defaults,  and  fliall  not  obfervc  and  pcrfornie  all  and  fm- 
gular  the  aforefaid\  rules  and  ordinances,  and  every  of  them  before  mentioned,  ac- 
cording to  the  true  meaning  of  them,  and  thereof  and  therein  Ihall  be  by  the  faid 
founder,  in  his  life-time,  or  after  his  deceafe,  by  his  feoffees  and  governours  before- 
named,  and  of  their  fucceffors,  or  by  the  greater  part  of  them,  with  the  confent  of 
the  minifters  or  parfons,  and  inheritors  of  the  faid  mannor-houle  of  Elmefwcll,  be- 
fore-named, found  guiltie,  and  fo  by  them  cenfured  and  adjudged,  that  then  it 
Ihall  and  may  be  lawfull,  to  and  for  the  faid  feoflees  and  governours,  or  the  greater 
■part  of  them,  together  with  the  faid  miniflers  and  inheritors  betore-meniioned,  from 
time  to  time,  to  remove  and  put  out  any  of  the  partys  lo  offending,  and  by  them  fo 

adjudged, 


ALMSHOUSE     AT     E  X  M  E  S  W  E  L  L.  > 

adjudged,  for  her  or  their  places,  entertainments,  and  allowances ;  and  in  place  of 
jhe  party  or  parcys  fo  removed,  then  fuch  of  the  three  feoffees  and  governours  ui 
the  town  or  parifh  out  of  which  the  parcie  fo  dying  or  oftcuding  was  formerly  cho- 
fen,  and  with  coafent  as  aforementioned,  make  elcftion  within  the  faid  parifh  of 
fome  fiich  other  widdow  or  widdows,  or  other  perfons  of  fuch  like  quallity,  nature, 
and  forme,  as  aforefaid,  and  after  fuch  placing,  Ihe  to  have  and  receive  the  like 
allowances  and  entertainments  as  thq  perfon  fo  removed  had,  or  ought  to  have  had, 
fo  longe  as  fhee  fhall  perform  and  obferve  the  articles  and  ordinances  before-men- 
tioned, and  prefcribed  to  be  performed. 

Item,  Laflly,  It  is  ordered  and  appointed,  that  one  part  of  the  Indenture,  beint, 
tripartite,  {liall  continually  remaine  in  the  common  chiirchcheft  of  the  parifh  church 
of  Elmfwell,  one  other  part  in  the  common  church-cheft  of  the  parilh  church  of 
Wolpett,  there  to  be  locked,  and  fafely,  from  time  to  time,  to  be  preferved,  for 
the  benefitt  and  ufe  in  the  faid  Indentures  mentioned.  And  the  other  third  part 
allways  to  continue  and  remain  with  him,  her,  or  them,  as  fhall,  from  time  to  time, 
be  inheritors  of  the  manlion-houfe  of  the  mannor  of  Elmfwell  aforefaid,  to  be  pre- 
ferved to  fuch  ufcs  and  intents  as  are  mentioned  in  the  fame  Indentures,  or  in  thefe 
prefent  articles.  And  whereas  it  apptareth,  by  the  accorapt  of  the  fums  given,  that 
about  twentie  Ihiliings,  yearly,  overplus  will  remain,  all  imployments  mentioned  in 
the  Indentures  performed,  I  doe  will,  the  governors  with  the  advice  of  the  mini- 
fters  mentioned,  fhall  yearly  pay  the  fume  proportionablie  amongfl  the  fiiid  poore 
women,  for  their  better  naaintainance,  fix  days  before  the  Nativity  of  Chrifl:. 


NOW  whereas  Gardener  Webbe,  Efquire,  late  of  Elmefwell,  deceafed,  nephew 
to  the  faid  Sir  Robert  Gardener,  became  owner  and  inheritor  (by  the  gift  and  devife 
of  the  faid  Sir  Robert  prefently  after  his  deceafe)  of  the  manfion,  or  mannor-houfe, 
of  Elmfwell  aforefaid,  with  all  the  lands  and  appurtenances  thereunto  belonging; 
as  alfo  all  other  his  lands  in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  out  of  which  the  annuall  and 
yearly  rents  of  lixteen  pounds  and  tenn  pounds  were  appointed  by  the  faid  Sir  Ro- 
bert to  be  iffuing  and  paid,  for  the  reliefe  and  mayntainance  of  the  poore  women 
in  the  almes-houfe  in  Elmefwell  aforefaid :  the  faid  Gardener  Webbe  did,  yearly, 
during  his  life,  pay  the  moneys  due  to  the  faid  poore  women,  and  buy  them  gownes, 
and  laye  in  the  woode  gkven  them  for  fireing,  according  to  the  firft  ereftion  in  the 
Indentures  mentioned  and  declared  ;  lo  that  the  feoffees  did  acquiefce,  and,  during  his 
life,  had  not  any  accompt  to  make  concerning  the  trull  repofed  in  them. 

Gardener  Webbe,  late  of  Elmefwell,  Efquire,  was  buryed  the  feventeene  day  of 
March,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  onethoufand  fix  hundred  fixty-eight. 

Given  under  the  hand  of  Mrt  Edward  Fraunces,  Reftor  of  Elmfwell.- 


SIR 


6  COLLECTIONS     FOR    SUFFOLK, 


SIR  Robert  Gardener,  Knight,' gave,  by  his  laft  will  and  teftament,  to  the 
pooie  women  in  the  almes-houfe  in  Elmefwell,  an  hundred  pounds,  to  be  layd  out  in 
lands,  for  their  better  maintainance,  exprefl'ed  in  thefe  words,  as  followeth  : 

Item,  I  will,  that  whereas  1  have,  by  conveyance,  conveyed  certaine  charges  or 
annualties  otit  of  certaine  my  lands  and  hereditaments  lying  in  the  county  of  Suffolk^ 
for  the  fupportation  and  better  maintainance  of  a  certaine  almes-houfe  neere  unto 
the  church  of  Elmlweil,  in  the  faid  county,  to  the  ufe  and  reliefe  of  certaine  poore 
women,  now  and  hereafter  to  be  refident,  which  are  granted  to  certaine  feoflFees,  or 
parties,  in    truft,  inhabiting  and  to  'inhabite  within  the  parhhes  of  Elmfwell  and 
\Vol[iett  •,  and  now  finding  or  furpe<fling,  by  fome  change  or  alteration  of  times,  the 
lands  fo  charged  vrith  the  faid  rents  or  annualties  may  happen    to    be  of  fo  fmall 
value,  and  of  lelfe  in  yearlie  profitt  as  may  anfvver  and  fatisfie  the  faid  yearlie  charge 
;fo  granted,  whereby  the  good  and  charitable  intended  purpofe  may  be  defrauded  or 
^iminilhed  ;  I  therefore,  for  prevention  thereof,  doe  will  and  require  my  executors, 
■and  furvivours  of  them,  within  two  years   next  after   my   deceafe,  to  bellow  one 
hundred  pounds,  to  purchafe  cither  lands,  annualties,  or  rents ;  and  the  fame,  fo  to 
be  purchafed,  to  convey  and  afflire,  by  good  counfell,  unto  fuch  of  my  faid  feoffees 
or  parties,  fo  trufted  as  aforefaid,  and  to  their  furvivors,  for  the  full  maintaynance 
and  fupportation  of  the  faid  fo  charitable  a  purpofe  of  erefllon  :  and  to  be  conveyed 
to  fuch  perfons,  and  under  fuch  provifoes,  limitations,  and  confiderations,  as  in  In- 
dentures concerning  the  firft  ereftien  are  mentioned  and  declared.  '     ' 
Dated  the  firft  of  November,  in  the  fixteenth  year  of  the  raign  of  our  Sove- 
raign  Lord  King  James,  &c. 
'Examined  by  naee         John  Fiske. 

NOW  the  Executors  of  the  fiiid  Sir  Robert  Gardener  (according  to  the  time 
.limmited  in  the  faid  will)  did  pay  the  faid  hundred  pounds  ;  and  lands  were  pur- 
chafed in  Combes,  in  the  county  of  Suffolkc,  to  the  value  of  five  pounds  five 
iliillings  per  annum;  and  were  fettled  and  conveyed  upon  feoffees,  in  truft,  for  the 
benefitt  and  better  maintaynance  of  the  poore  women  in  the  almes-houfe  in  Elmf- 
well, according  to  the  firft  ereftion  mentioned  in  the  will  of  the  faid  Sir  Robert  Gar- 
dener, deceafed.  Yet,  neverrhelefs,  the  faid  Gardener  Webbe  did  take  the  rents 
;and  profitts  of  the  faid  land,  and  did  claim  it  as  his  due,  in  regard  the  other  rents 
held  good -,  and  pretended  to  have  a  decree  in  Chancery  4o  that  purpofe;  and  fo 
the  poore  women  had  no  benefit  of  the  fame  during  his  life.  But  after  his  death, 
the  feoffees  then  living -did  commence  a  fuit ;  and  the  bufines  being  referred  to  coun- 
fell, it  was  yielded  to  be  for  the  better  maintaynance  of  the  poore  women  in  the 
almes-houfe  forever. 

The  feoffees  then  living  at  the  time  of  the  death  of  the  faid  Gardener  Webbe 
far  Combes  huid,  were  thefe  whofe  names  are  heerunder  written  : 

John  Filke,  of  Ratfefden,  Gent.  Mr.  William  Fifke  of  Norton. 

Mr.  Thomas  Fifke  of  Elmfwell.  Thomas  Hudfon. 

Gardener  Ketleborough,  of  Elmfwell,  Gent,    beganne  the  fuite,  with  the  confcnt 
.of  the  feoffees. 

AN 


"-       ■■  '  '  ■       ■    .  h..f..f)':    n 

AN  accompt  of  the  feoffees  for  the  poore' women  in  the^hnes-houfe  in  Elmef- 
,    .weJl,  for.  the  moneys  given  xhem  by  Sir  Robert  .Gardener,  knight;  as  alfq  for 
'   their  gownes  and  firewoode,  from'  th'e  t\veptie-lTfth  dayeof  Mgrch^  in  tKe  ytcre 
of  our  Lord  one  thoufand  fix  hundred  Cxty  and  nine.     ■"'?'■-  ' 

The  names  of  the  feoffees  now  liring,  for  Elmefwell  and  Wolpett,  i6j2. 

laElmefwelL.  In  Wolpetc.  -- 

Mr.  Thomas  Fifke.  .          ^  .  JohaHoughton,  Gent. 

Mr.  Robert  Fi/lce.  ^"   ^-'^"^H. /Edward  Croffe,  fen. 

Mr.  William  Rofe.  "  "  Joh'A  Crdffe. 
John  Thonipfon. 


i-jivg'n  3I 


i  Combes  Land  feoffees.  Combes  Land  feoffees  jn  Wolpett.         i 

John  Fifke,  Gent.  ThomaS  fiadfbn,,  fdn.    ' 

■     ,  Mr.  William  Fifl<e.  •  ,       '  '     '  " 

'    ■'         Mr.  Thomas  Fiflie. 

The  names  of  the  fix  poore  'widdowes  in  the  alm?g  hou.fe  in  Elipefwell,  1673. 

■         ,1,'        •■  ■;.-    ^.u   0.  A  ■■: 

Out  of  Elmefwell.  Out  ofoWplp^tt, 

Mary  Colling.  -Martha  SmythJ 

Anne  Woodes.       '^'  Anne  Jackfon. 

Rofe  Steggell. Margaret  Snellingc. 

1:).,  I    . ')   .'-.'ij   .     '.:!..     .11.     '.    r.     n 

After  the  deatli'Sf  Gafdfenet  Webbe,  Efqliire,  Mr.  Thomas  Fiflce  of  Elmefwell, 
one  of  the  feoffees,  payed  the  poore-womeih'' their  moneys,  with  the  confent  of  the 
reft,  and  gave  up  an  accompt  to  thfe  fedffees' the/iirft  of  June,  orle'thoufand  fixe 
hundred  feaventie  and  four;  and  Cleared  all  to  Alady,  1674,  for  the  firll  gift  of 
Sir  Robert  Gardener,  knight. 

A  N  Accompt  of  Combes  Lancl,'  "fi'n^e  tlie  ^eathBf  Gardener  Webbe,  Eiqlifre. 

The  aforefayd  Thomas  Fifl<e  of  Elmefwell,  the  firft  daye  of  June  1674,  gave  in 
his  accompt  to  the  feoffees  at  the  parilh  church  in  Elmefwell ;  and  there  did  appeare 
to  be  in  his  hands,  at  Michaelmas  one  thoufand  fix  hundred  feaventie  and  three,  the 
fume  of  five  pounds  and  two  fliillings,  which  hee  doth  afhrme  to  be  fhor^  of  the  cx-j 
pences  and  trouble  he  had  about  the  laft  fuite  for  Combes  Land,  which  is  to  be  de- 
termined and  concluded  9t  our  next  meetinge.'  And  there  is  a  yeeres-  rent,  froni 
Michaelmas  1672  to  Michaelmas  1673,  Itill  due  from  the  old  tenant., 

'      C  Paid 


^o  .G9%l',E,Q'?.;I0N  S,     FOIV    ?  V  ?  ,?  Q  ^  I^. 


/.  s.  d. 

^  Received  of  Everfon  in  parte  of  the  old  ren  J  i   no 
Setoff  fox  raoaeths  paiqs  for  thfttyeafe        lo  9     o 


Paid  to  the  poore  widdowes' 

one  pound,  and  to  the  reft 

of -the  poore  of  Elnicfwell 
,  eleven  fliilllngs. 

Ml-.  Wiliiaui  FiflvCj.of  Hardings,  was  at  our  meetiqg  ^ppoj^ted  by  the  reft  of  the 
feoffees,  to  take  the  rent  of  Cop?l?,es  Latid,  and  to  ^fiye  it,  agcordinge  to  th,qir  direc- 
tion, to  the  poore  widdowes  in  the  almes-houfe,  beginning  at  Michaelmas  1673. 

Now  in  regard  the  feoffees  have  not  taken  an  accorapt  yeerly,  whereby  they  find 
many  inconveniencies,  they  have  entred  into  articles  of  agreement  amongft  them- 
felveSj  to  prevent  mifcarriages.for  the  future;  which  are  asi foilavTetli : 

AT  a  meetinge,  this  firft  dale  of  June,  in  the  yeere  of  ouf  I^o,rd,  1674,  it  is 
agreed  by  the  feoffees  of  the  almes-houfe  in  Elm_e%fllfr,aiij,ibe  p^riih  church 
of  Elmefwell  aforefaid,  as  foUoweth  :  ■    ^ , 

1.  Imprimis,  It  is  agreed,  that  if  the  feoffees  of  the  almes-houfe  fliall  negleft  to 
meete  at  the  parifli  church  of  EhtiefweU'  every  yeere,  upon  the- fiv^  and  twentieth 
daye  of  March  (commonly  called  Alady  daye)  or  within  fourteenthj  d^yes  after,  to 
make  an  accompt  how  they  have  payd  the  moneys  given,  by  the  aforefaid  Sir  Robert 
Gardener,  knight,  deceafcd,  to  the  poore  widdowes  for  the  yeere  paff,  1  hat  then 
the  minifters  of  Elmefwell  and  Wolpett,  and  their  fucceffors,  from  time  to  time,  to 
examine  the  poore  widdows  in  the  almes-houfe,  whether  they  have  had  their  moneys 
payd  acGordinge  to  the  order  and  appointment  of  the  faid  Sir  Robert  Gardener; 
and  whether  they  have  had  their  gownes  and  fiiewoode  as  formerly.  And  if  the 
faid  minifters,  €«■  their  foceeffors,  fliall  finde  that  t^e  feoffees  have  faithfully  per- 
formed their  trufl^  then  to  enter  an  accompt  into  this  booke  kept  for  that  purpofe, 
and  to  fubfcribe  thei^  o,wpe,pj^yQes  as  witneffes  to  the  faro^^j  and  fo  to  proceed  in  this 
manner.  ;    .,  ''.       •  ■  y     •..■ 

2.  Secondly,  It  is  agreed  alfo,  that  if  the  faid  minifters,  or  their  fucceffors,  find  a 
r>eg[eci;  of  the  tr^ift,  repofed-  in  the  faid  feoffees,  then  to  inquire  out  the  p;?r.ties;  and 
if,  upon  notice  given  them,  they  doe  ,n£glcil:- to  paye  the  moneys  due  to  the  poore 
widdows  the  fpaije  of  fea'ven  days  after  the  faid  notice,  that  then  the  faid  minillers 
of  Elmefwell  and  Wolpett,  or  either  qf  them,  05  tii,eir  fucceffors,  fhall  make  cpm- 
plainte  thereof  to  the  next  juftice  of  the  peace  within  that  hundred,  or  one  or  two 
of  the  commiffioners  for  charitable  ufes  within  the  county,  appointed  for  that  pur- 
pofe, that  a  fpeedy  remydie  may  be  obtayned,  and  the  accompt  in  this  book  kept 
perfeft,  ai>d  the,iBt?n.fions  of  the  dpnor  not  fruftrated. 

3.  Thirdfy,  It  is  further  agreed  betwixt  us,  that  whereas  five  pounds  is  yearly 
piveii  to  biiy  fixi^,  gownes  for  the  poore- widdpwes,  that  the  feoffee,  or  feo&'ees,  that 
fhaM  buy  theiTij  Ih"ll  bring  a  note,  in  writingc,  under  the  hand  of  the  woUendraper, 
or,  partie  of  whom  the  cloath  was  bought,  of  the  price  cf  it,  and  of  the  cliarge  of 
raakinge  of  them,  th,at  in  cafe  there  be  i\ny  overplus,  of  money  fpare,  that  it  may 
be  eqi^iiHy  divided  biCtwixt  the  fiiyd  poore  widdpwes,  that  the  faid  minifters^  andtheir 
fucccflors,  may  have  full  fatisfacSioh  before/they  fett'their  hands  to  the  booke. 

^,.  F(nirthl)>,"It  is  further  agreed  by  ihe'fa^d^  fe6(rce,s,  That  whereas  Sir  Robert 

Gardener,  knight,  deceafed,  did,  Ixf  his  lall  wille 'and  ieilameut,  give  and  bequeath 

7  an 


A  L  M  §  tt  0  tr  S  £     AT     t  LMt  S\YE  LU  U 

.an  hundred  pounds,  to  be  payd  by  his  executors,  to  purchafe  land  for  the  benefitt 
bf  ihe^otyr^  •wMdoWes'^vl-tfefe  ahocMio'ufe,  ib-bfe  fetled  upon  ftof^6tk,  ih  truft,  ac- 
icordmf^'to  t1ie'6i*ft  *?Fe&idh,  for  a  brtter  mhintaynanCe  l<>r  th^m ;  ■t^'herewith  fivi 
pounds  and  five  (hillings  ^'ainiiuAtt  "^as  purchafei,  in  Iftrfds-  in  ^GolmbeSj  in  the 
county  of  Suffolk,  to  that  purppfe.  Now  wee  the  fayd  feoffees,  who  are  concerned 
to  difpofe  of  the  faydfivi  pbuhiis  and  five  fliillings  per  annum,  -doe  he^fbj*  agree  to- 
geth^,  :wnd  give  pujijconitnts,,  that  the  fdoffeg  of.fco&es  that  fhal  b^e  np,poinrcd  to 
receive' the  rent  of^the  fayd  Gotpbes  .Lani  (hah  be  allowed  to  pay«  out  of,  thp  faid 
rent,  yearly,  the  iume  of  foure  pounds,  ito  be  payd  monthly  ;  thiat  is  po,  fey,  fixe 
Ihillings  per  month  to  the  faid  poore;  wiadowes.  And  that  feo^t;e  th>ad  reccivres  the 
fame,  to  bring  in  abille>in  Writinge,;Und6r  the  tenant's  h-and,  of  the  taxes  an(^  other 
charges  layd  out  for  that  yeere-,  and  what  overplus  (hall  remaine  due  to  the  feoffees 
of  one  pound  and  five  fhillings,  to  be  payd  (as  neede  fliall  require)  to  the  fickly, 
and  more  aged,  and  bedred  women.         ^  crm»>  .  .^-  - 

5.  Fiftly,  and  laftly.  It  is  agreed  by  the  faid  feoffees,  that  at  the  death  of  any 
of  the  poore  widdowes  in  the  almes-houfe,  that  the  time  of  her  death  he  entred  into 
this  booke  ;■  as  alfo  the  time  of  the  widdowes  comings  in,  that  ftiaU  fucceed  her  de- 
ceafed,  that  it  may  appeare  they  have  not  exceeded  the  time  limited  for  their  choice, 
being  but  tenne  da  yes. 

In  witnefle  that  this  is  the  agreement  made  betwixt  us,  wee  have  hereunto  fett 
our  handsi  the  daye  and  year  abovefaid. 

John  Frike,  fen. 

Tho.  Vilke. 

Robert  Fifke. 

John  Tompfon. 

Wi'Uiam  FiJlce. 

Edward  Croife. 

Roger  Houghton. 

Wee  the  minifters  of  Elmefwell  atid  Wolpettdoe  giv6  our  confcnts  to  the  aforc- 
ftyd  truft  repofed  in  vis  by  the  aforefaid  feoflees ;  and  doe  promife,  during  our  time, 
a  faithfull  performance  thereof.  .  i.  f  r  t.,-  !>!';'•'<)  ■ 

In  witnelTe  wheteof  wee  have  hereunto  fett  our  hknds,  this  firfl:  of  June,  1674, 

Edward  Fraunces,  Rcdor  of -Elraefw.dl..  1  . 
Thomas  Fyfon,  Reftor  of  ^Voipett.    ohrj(!irii.f 

Thus  far  thefe  extradlis  havs  been  collated  ^ith  a  MS.  in  'the  'pltffl'^oft  of  Mr. 
Edward  Smith  of  Woolpit,  at  the  end  of  which  is  tlvis  mertiovahdunj : 

"  N.  B.  The  foregoing  is  a  true-  copy  of  part  of  a  book  relating  to  Elmefwell  almes- 
houfe,  in  the  hands  of  thfe  reftor  or  tlrat  parlfli,  as  it  was  taken  by  me  John  Major, 
and  afterwards  perufed  and  approved  by  the  faid  Rcditor,  the  Kev.  Mr.  Jolin 
Cafborne,  anno  1735,  for  the  ufe  of  the^  pariib;  df  Woolpit."  |*  7     ' 


C  2  FROM 


J» 


C  O  L-L')E,.C'T:  I  Q  N  3;  F  0;R     SUFFOLK. 


'■ii'iv/-^  rifi  V 


^ivra 


rr»f     nK 


FROM  1674  to  nearly  the  prefent  tin;\«,  1786,  the  accompts  and  proceedings  of 
the  feoffees  have  been  regularly  enteri^djia"*^  audited  by  the  re^lors  pf  Elmelwell 
and  VVoolpitj  of  whom  the  regular ifuGGeOTion  here  follows:        :  •  .    • 


Refers  of  Eimcf-jjelL 

Edward  Francis,  died  ia 
Francis  Browne,  •  ■' 

Samuel'  Gal!^' 
John  Cbfborne, 
Jofeph  Hodgkin,  living 


1^79 
1725 
17  2  8' 
1766' 
1786 


:1 


■) 


-    Re£lors  of  Woolfit^ 

Thomas  Tyfon,  died 
Francis  Cockfedge, 
-John  Boldero, 
Charles  Mandevile, 
Thomas  Cobbold,  living 

r.'  .--'•■""rn  '  n '    ,  ■ 


1678 


1785 


;  70;!  lo  oi^;;: 


(d  L,-.i- 


1^1       l,,w>i^t      oi      j1        {'^ 


.-.'.rr  ;n 


:i  fi! 


A  few  extni£^s  frotn  "tli'e  proceedings  oif  the  fepffees  rtiay  ferve  to  llkiffrate  their 
punftuality,  and  the  hiftory  of  the  foundatidnv  '■   '■    ■ 

-Novethb.  ¥ii''r<f9a.  3'f' ^f' ''-'^J. 'fi''^ 
WTemorand.  Comb  Land  is  now-let  to  one- Charles 'Bennet,  for  the  yearly  rent 
of  five  poundsj  and- there  is  halfe  a  year's  rent  in  his  hands,  which  was  due  at  Mi- 
chaelmas laft  pa'ft.  ■  And  there  was  then  twenty  fhillings  paid  to  the  churchwarden 
of  Elmefwell  for  their  proportion  in  Combe  lands,  which  was  due  at  Michaelmas 
laft  part.  And  alfo  all  accounts  relating  to  the  alms-houle  examined,  and  made  even 
to  the  date  hereof,' by  us 

-    •  Fra.  Cockfedge,  Recflor  of  Woolpitt. 

Fran.  Browne,  Redor  de  Elmefwell. 

May  theviith,  i7?8-,  Mr.  Bolderofl'eceived;  of  MrvlD'knry'Cxjckredge  of  Thet- 
ford,  two  years  intereft  pf  the  25/.  in  his  hands,  due  the  i6th  of  December  lafl, 
being  money  belonging  to  the  poor  widows  in  the  alms-houfe  of  Elmerwel! ;  and 
the  50th  inflant  thiity-fiv'e  fliilliwgs  of  the  fai<,l!finn'Wa9  equally  dilb-ibuted  amongft 
the  faid-fix/pooivKvidows,  and  the  other  iifteeli  (hillings  was  pav'd  Mr.  Cofborne,  to 
reimburfe  him  for  payment  of  tiie  like  fum  ta  the  fickly  widows  of  the  faid  houfe, 
as  appeared  by  his  bill  delivered  in  this  3Qth  inilant. 

In  witnefs  whereof,  'we  who  are  here  preient,  at  a  meeting  for  tliis  pnrpofe,  Kave 
let- our  hands,  on  the  day  and  year  laft  written.        .   .  .i 

John  Colborne,  Recftor  of  ElmefwelL 
iphu  Boldero.  Rdftov  of .  W-oo'lpit. 
John  S'fockdell,     '  \  -^R   io-oDV.  ^ni_io.,or..n:;..n> 

JohnBakci',  -    L    ^'  ■  ■■'    ■■^"^"'=''  ' 

George  Ma'-kall,       _•    [FeofFees.       _  ...  rcKV' 

George  Markall,  Junior,, 

2^.      IOf» 

o  ' ;  N.  B.  In 


ALMSHOUSE     AT     ELMESWELL. 


»3 


N.  B.  In  April,  1740,  hop- wood,  with  fome  timber,  was  fold  ofF  the  Combs 
cftate  for  5 1.  1.0 s,  and  in  December  following,  John  Baker,  a  feoffee,  received 
1/.  7  J.  6d.  for  the  ufe  of  the  working-poor  of  Elmefwell,  and  2/.  2  s.  were  dif- 
tributed  to  the  poor  widows  of  the  ahns-houfe,  and  the  remaining  2/.  os.  6d.  were 
left  in  Mr.  Stockdel's  hands  of  Woolpit,  for  the  further  ufe  of  the  faid  poor  widows. 
In  witnefs  of  the  truth  of  the  above  premilfes,  we,  who  are  prefent  at  a  meeting 
.  ,  ,  .  for  this  purpofe,  havefet  our  hands,  this  20th  day  of  December,  1740. 

John  Cofborne,  Re<^tor  of  Elmefwell. 
William  Scott,  feoffee.  John  Boldero,  Re(5tor  of  Woolpitt. 

N.  B.  -June  22,  1741.  The  above  remaining  two  pounds  and' fix-pence  were 
paid  by  Mr.  Stockdel,  and  the  fame  day  diftributed  to  the  poor  widows  of  the  alms»- 
houiej  as  witnefs  my  hand,  John  Co(borne,  Ret^orof  Elmefwell. 

Prefent  alfo  at  this  diftributiop 
GtorgeMarkall,,T.  p.> 
John  Baker,  ^'^ontcr. 

f    v"       '  ,7  3Tod/;  7S0V  f)R.->'wpf)  ■ -' '•F. 

March  23,  X747.  Be  it  remembered,  that  Mr.  Henry  "Cockfedge  of  Thetford, 
attorney  at  law,  having  paid  into  the  hands  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Cofborne  the  principal 
fum  qf.  tvrenty-tive  pounds,,  with  all  in te reft  due  thereon,  being  two  pounds  fix- 
teen  fliillingsand  three  pence,  which 'money  belongs  ro  the  governors  of  the  alms- 
houfe  of  Elmefwcl',  intrull,  for  the  paor  widows  of  the  faid  houle  :■ 

We,  who  rare  here  prefent  at  a  meeting  for  this  purpofe,  do  hereby  abfolutely 
difcharge  the  faid  Mr.  Henry  Cockfedge  of  all  the  faid  principal  fum  of  twenty- 
five  pounds,  and  intercrtdue  thereon  ;  as  witnefs  our  hands, 

'  William  Scott, 

,.  John  Coflaorne,  Rciflor  of  Elmcfwcii.  John  Stockdel!, 

John  Boldero,  Ueclor  of  Woolpit.  Ifeac  Parrant,  }>  feoffees. 

[  .1,  ■  George  Markall,' 

George  Markall,  Junior," 

April  i3,  1748.  Be  it  remembered,  that  the  fum  of  one  pound,  eight  fiiillings^ 
and  llx-pence,  of  the  above  two  pounds,  fixteen  (Iiillings,  and  three-pence,  intereft 
money,  was  nllov/ed  and  paid  the  faid  Rev.  Mr.  Cofborne,  to  relmburfe  him  for 
the  like  fum  laid  out; and  paid  by  him  to  the  fickly  widows  of  the  faid  alms-houfe, 
by  order  of  the  faid  governors;  and  the  remaii)ing  fnm  of  one  pound,  feven  Ihil- 
lings,  and  nine-pence,  was,  by  orde»-  of  the  faid  feolfees,  left  in  Mr.  Cofborne's 
hands,  for  a  fupply  of  the  future  wants  of , the  faid  poor  widows,  as  ficknefs  or 
other  neceffities  called  for  the  f'n^.e. 

In  witnefs  whereof,  we,  who  are  here  prefent  at  a  meeting  in  the  parifli  church 
of  Elmefwell  for  thispurpo.fe,  have  hereunto  fet  our  hands,  upon  the  day  and 
year  above  written. 

Witnefs,      .   -  William  Scott, 

John  Boldero,  Rector  of  Woolpit.  John  Stockdell, 

Samuel  Ho'A'ell.-  Ifaac  Parrant,  f  feoffees,. 

George  Markall, 
George  Markall,  Junior.' 

April 


u 


C  O  L  L  E  C  T  1  O  "K'  S      F  6  fe     S  tJ  F  F  O  L  K. 


April  ?8,  i7'48.  Be  it  i-enlembefpS,  the  day'  frnd  year  above  's^rffrten,  tJiat  t!tiE 
Uev.  Mr.  Jotin  Cofborne,  Rector  of  ElmefweH,  his  ag-reed  with  the  goWt\^iifi,  or 
feoffees,  of  the  ahns-houfe  of  E'mefwdl,  to  perrftit  anil  let  the  pfincipal  fum  of 
twenty  five  pounds*,  received  of  Mr.  Henry  Cockfedge  of  Thetfoid^  reft  and 
remain  in  his  hands  till  otherwife  difpofed  of;  he  the  faid  Mr.  Cofbwne  paying 
annu.dly  legal  intereft  for  the  fame,  an^.  bectMiiiiig  a'Cco^iitable  to  the  faid  goVeVnors, 
or  feoffees. 

In  witnefs  whereof,  we  who  arc  here  prefent,  at  a  mee-ting  for  t-his  purpofe,  have 
fet  our  hands, 

William  Scott, 
Witnefs,  John  Stockdell, 

John  Cofborne,  Reflor  of  Elmefwellt  Ifaac  Parrant,  >feoffee3. 

John  Boldero,  Redor  of  Woolpit.  George  Markall, 

Samuel  Howell.  George  Markall,  Junior. 

April  8,  1749.  Be  it  remembered,  the  day  and  year  above  written,  that  John 
Green  has  agreed  with  the  feoffees  for  Combs  Lands  for  a  timber  tree  and  hop  of 
the  fame,  and  the  hop-wood  of  all  the  pollard  trees  as  has  been  formerly  cropped  or 
lopped,  growing  upon  the  premises  in  the  faid  Green's  occupation,  he  the  faid 
Green  paying  to  the  feoffees  for  the  fame,  upon  the  i  ith  day  of  May  next,  the  fum 
of  three  pounds  and  nine  fhillings. 

In  witnefs  whereof  the  parties  to  this  agreertient  have  hereunto  fet  their  hands, 

John  Green,  tenant. 
WitnefTes  to  this  agreement,  William  Scott, 

John  Cofborne,  Rector  of  ElmefweH.  John  Stockdell, 

John  Boldero,  Reflor  of  Woolpit.  Ifaac  Parrant,  ^feoffees. 

Samuel  Howell.  George  Markall. 

George  Markall,  Junior. 

May  16,  1752.  Received  of  Robert  Onebye,  Efquire,  by  the  hands  of  the 
Pxcv.  Mr.  Cofborne,  feven  pounds,  and  ten  fliillings,  for  the  ufe  of  the  fix  poor 
widows  in  ElmefweH  alms-houfe,  being  the  difputed  arrear  due  to  the  faid  houfe, 
by  lis 

John  Stockdell  1 

Witnefs,  George  Markall,  j-feoffees. 

John  Boldero,  Re£lor  of  Woolpit.  George  Markall,  Junior.  J 

N.  B.  The  above  money  was  diftributed  amongft  the  fix  poor  widows  of 
the  alms-houfe. 


ui 


Mem.     This  book  was  defivered  to  me  by  the  widow  of  George  Markall  (i 
whofe  pofTeffion  it  had  been  fome  years),  June  2,   1770. 

Jofe^ih  Hodgkin. 

*  Tlic  intcreft  of  this  fum  is  reguI.Tily  brought  to  accompt ;  and  the  principal  was  regularly  p:iid 
ofF,  by  Imall  fuuis  annually,  as  fickaels  Or  the  levcralneceiraits  of  the  poor  women  rtijuired. 

1769. 


ALMSHOUSE     AT     ELMESWELL. 


^$ 


1769,  June  8.  Received,  by  Mr  Edward  Snsltl^,  of  Mr.  Baldwin,  for  two  loads 
and  thirteen  feet  oak  tin:iber,  felled  from  the  lands  in  Combs,  belonging  to  the 
gbns-houfe  in  Elmfwcll,  6/.  2j. 

Received  per  Ditto,  pf  l^.j.Gxtei\,  for  tops  and  bark,  4    4 

10    6 

June  24.     Diftributed  to  the  fix  widows,  being  part  of  the  above  ten 
pounds  fix  fliillings,  "^  -J-cff  .'ir"  4     © 

J.  Hodgkin,  Reftor  of  Elmfwell. 
Edward  Smith. 
William  Jackfon. 
•  1770.  Sept.  24.     Diftributed  to  the  fix  widows  the  further  fum  of  $3 

J.  Hodgkin. 
Edward  Smith. 
1771.  March  26.     Diftributed  as  above,  the  remaining  fum  of  3     3 

J.  Hodgkin 


Edward  Smith,  £.  10     6 

The  names  of  the  fix  poor  widows,  inhabitants  of  the  ahns-houfe  founded  by  Sir 
Robert  Gardiner,  in  the  parilh  of  Elmefwell,  as  taken  Sept.  24ih,  1770. 

Elmefivell.  Woolpit. 


Sufannah  Day. 
Elizabeth  Smith. 
Mary  Southgate. 


Mary  Gibfon, 
Ann  Crofs. 
Sarah  Baker. 


Sticcejfon  io  the.  ahm-houfe. 


177!.  April  I.  Ann  Major,  aged  76  years,  fuceeeded  Mary  Southgate,  deceafed, 
in  the  alms-houfe,  as  a  parilhioner  of  Eimelwell. 

1772.  May  10.  Mary  Burroughs,  aged  69  years,  fuceeeded  Sufannah  Day,  de- 
ceafed, aged  {i(t  aitint)   105  years,  as  a  parifhioner  of  Elmefwell. 

Oft.  10.  Mary  Goodman,  aged  63  years,  fuceeeded  Mary  Gibfon,  deceafed,  from 
Woolpit. 

1774.  Apr.  5.  Oxer,  aged         years,  fuceeeded  Ann  Major,  refigned, 

as  parifhioner  of  Elmefwell. 

Auo,uft  29.  Sufan  Baker,  aged  67  years,  fuceeeded  Ann  Grofs,  deceafed,  from 
Woolpit. 

1776.  May  r.  Markall  fuceeeded  Elizabeth  Smith,  deceafed,  as  a  pa- 
rifhioner of  Elmefwell. 

Odl-.  16.    Mary  Baker,    aged    76,    fuceeeded  Markall,    deceafed,   as  a 

parifhioner  of  Elmefwell. 

1777.  Aug.  27.  Ann  Bailey  fuceeeded  Sufan  Baker, -deceafed,  as  a  parifiiioner 
of  VVoolpit,  set 

1778.  March  17.  Mary  Kemp,  aged  76,  fuceeeded  Mary  Burroughs,  deceafed, 
as  a  parifhioner  of  Elmefwell. 

1779.  Candler,  fuceeeded  Ann  Baily,  deceafed. 

The 


't6  C  O'  L^L  E  CT  IONS     FOR     ^'  U  F  F  6  l'  K. 

'"/'TH^\?i^bt7offfe'pio\is  founder  of  this'"alMs-li6tfd!lsprefe'rve*dby  a'moniinient 

'at  tlje  eaft  end  of  file  fouth  aile  of  Eliliefwell  chUrch;  where  he  is,  reprefented  as 

"laTge  is  life,  reclining  his  headon  his  left  arm;  a  took  in  one  hand,  his  gloves  in' 

tlie  other ;  under  him  his  iaf mour ;  at   his  feet  his'  cffeft,  a  rhinoceros,  which  has 

given  birth  to  a  ridiculous  ftory,  th^t  his  fon  (who  is  kneeling  by  him)  zvas  devoured 

by  a -kHd  boar.     The  infcription  is  this :  ,        r- xN-r- 

•^  .1::?    :-":l.:i'.       ,       ■  ,    '  ;  .  I  OJ  LrKi'^if':'^       ..t : 

,)"  t'O  hope  and  expeflation  of  a  bleflcd  refurre^iion,  here  is  interred,  the  body. of 

"  Sir  PvOBERT  GARbENEi,  30  honourable  Knight ;  who  was,  in  the  reign  of  Queen 

"  Elizabeth,  Chief  Judice  of  Ireland  eighteen  years,  and  for  two  years  Lord  Jultice 

"  there:  in  all  which  time,  fuch  was  his  integritie  in  juftice,  his  wifdom  and  valour 

"'.in  perfonal  'fervi-Gcs  in  the  wars  againll  rebellious  Tyron,  and  the  Spanifli  army 

"  beneging  Kinfale*,  as  gained  him  everlalling  love  and   honour  in  the  kingdome. 

*'  And  after  his   returne  into   England,  he  was  fent  by  King  James  into  the  Ifles 

".of  Jernfey  and  Gernfey  -,  where  havir)g  fettled  their  eftute   vn  peace  'apd  good 

"  government,  he  retired  into  his  uative  home;  and,  affefling  a  more  private  life, 

"  wholly. devoted   himfelf  to  the   good  afts  of  piety,  juflice,  and  charitie.     He 

"  founded  the  adjoining  alins-houfe  ;  and  gave  liberal  lums  of  money  to  purchafe 

'/.lands  for  the  relief  of  the  poore  in  diverfe;towus  forever.   '  . /.  v,  •;.-,-;.• 

"■Re    married   three  wives  :'Aune  Corda^l,  Thomafme  Barker,  and  Anne  the 

"  widow  of  John  Spring,  Efq;  fon  and  heir  of  Sir  William  Spring,  Knt.     He  had 

"  iflue  by  his  firll  wife  \\*illiam,  a  fon  of  good  hope,  who.died  unmarried  at  the 

"  age  of  24  years.     His  effigies  is  placed  hereby.  ..,(  |^  j^j^ 

"  This  noble  Knight  departed  this  lii^  Feb.  12,  i6i9,__3g£d  Soyears. 

Solus  illf  fapicns  ac  Deo       j  <^(ipoJhi:is  pre/it,  ■>. 

carus,  qui  wvens  fedulo  &  Je  vi&ije  tcjtiitur. 

meditatur  opus fuum,  ■  ,,■       ^    .....;-.  , 

Arras,  Three  griffons 'heads  erafed.     Crefl:,  a  rhinoceros. 

PART  of  an   article f  for  erefting  a  tomb  for  Sir  Robert  Gardener, 
in  Elraefwell  Church,   in  Suffolk. 


m 


._ ;  and  gracefully  ag  it  is  in, the  Plotte;,.  .^V..  .j-.,  -  and  beautifull  from 

'. as  direftion  fliall  be 'given,  with  twoe  pediftalls,  inlayed 

with  tutch  on  each  fide  of  the  arche,  as  the  maner  is  in  the  Plott,  and  on  the 
top,  for  Urength  ;  and  to  adorne  the  worke  is  to  be  two  pillafters  terme  wife,  of  the 
reddefl  and  richeil  raunte,  and  is  to  be  fairely  well  pulliflied  and  glaffed,  with  twoe 
malkes  heads  on  the  freeze  thereof,  as  it  is  in  the  Plott.  And  the  fpandrellsof  alia- 
barter.  And  in  it  is  to  be  twt^e  fvyelliuge  rounds  of  tutphe,  gracefull,  and  the  cor- 
ners thereof  tryangle  wife,  of  tutche,  as  it  is  in  the  Tutche  Plottc,  to  be  well  pul- 
lilheJ  and  glaffed,  with  a  cherubim  in. the  mcdle  thereof.  And  a  corniflie  moulde 
of  allaballer  on  the  fame.  And  on  the  topp  of  all,  on  the  corniflie,  is  to  be  the 
chcife  coate  of  armea,  with  mantle,  helme,  -(lieild,  and  creaft,  with  deathes  heade  on 
the  toppe  of  all,  with  a  crowne,  fignifyinge  his   happye  immortahtie.     The  faipe 

*  The   rcbeltious  Irifli,  affificd  by  the  Spaniards,  took'Kinfale,  iv6oi-;  but  were,   befiegfcd  by 
iCharles  Blunt  Lord  Montjoy,,  the  Lord  Deputy,  and  forced  to  capitulate,  Jan.  2,  S66i. 
j-  from  an  original,  penes  T.  Martin,  1 75 1. 

5  coate 


MONUMENTS     AT     ELMESWELL.  17 

coate  of  armes  to  be  from  cutter  compas  twoe  foote  and  twoe  Inches,  befids  the 

wings  and  garniOiinge,  with  twoe  fcutchins  or  flieilds,  to  be  imb orth  of 

allabafter  on  each  fide,  as  it  is  in  the  Piotte,  with  the  impalled  matche  Imb 

ein.     This  worke  is  to  be  eight  foote  wide,  befids  the  fades  of  the  moulds,  and 

eighteene  foot  highe and  every  parte  to  be  well  wrought,  and  of  good, 

and  of  the  beft;  and  cheiteft forenaraed.     And  fliall  as  well  and  fairly 

guild  all  the  nayles,  buckells,  of  his  whole  fuite  of  armor,  and  all  that  needefully 
belongeth  thereto,  as  holbarts,  helme,  chape,  pomell,  or  helve  of  fwords.  The 
fiUetts  and  nayles  of  his  gauntletts  guilte.  The  end  of  the  pickes  guilte;  the  two 
epitaphs  over  the  fuite  of  armor,  to  exprefle  the  mottowe,  or  meaninge  thereof, 
guilt.  The  bafles,  and  cappitalls  of  the  pillars  here  and  there,  guilt.  The  budds 
of  the  roafes  in  the  arche,  and  the  revay'.inge  about  them,  guilte,  and  the  face  and 
hands  artifycially  of  the  faide  Right  WorfhipfuU  Sir  Robert  Gardyner,  to  be  put  in 
flefhly  colors,  as  if  he  were  livinge,  and  as  near  as  may  be  to  be  like  to  hU  complee- 
tion,  havor,  and  fimile,  with  his  judge's  cappe  colored  blacke,  and  his  roabe  of 
honor  in  fhewe  of  fcarlctt,  and  his  imbrodered  cuftiyon,  and  the  tafielis  thereof, 
guilt.  And  his  creaft  at  his  feete  put  into  proper  colors,  and  guilt.  And  foe  like- 
wife  the  garments  of  his  fonne  put  into  proper  colors,  according  as  they  (hall  give 
advice  and  direclion.  And  his  face  and  hands  to  be  colored  fleihiye  like  him,  and 
the  taffells  and  morris  worke  of  his  culhion  guilte   alfo.     All  the  hayre  of  the 

cherubins  and    hayre  of    the    a fcutchins    of  amies. 

And  . 

On  three  black  marbles  in  the  chancel. 

I.  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  2.  Here  lyetli  the  body  of 

Marv  Webb,  the  wife  of  Gardiner    Webb,  Efquire, 
Gap.diner  Webb,  Efq;  who  died  who  died  the  15th 

the  15th  day  of  April,  day  of  March,    1674. 

1659. 

3.  Here  lyeth  the  body  ^^  '^^  ^""^V  °^  '^^  ^^^''^^^  • 
of  Kathebine  Webbe,  daugh-  Here  lieth  the  body  of 

ter  of  Gardiner  V/ebbe,  Hen.  Kettleburgh,  Gent. 
Efq;  who  died  the  late  of  Elmefvvell ;  who 

30th  of  March,  died  the  i8th  Novem. 

1675.  1660,  aged  50. 

A  brafs  plate,  on  a  flat  ftone,  in  the  eaft  end  of  the  church,  has  a  merchant's 
mark.  Several  others  are  robbed  of  their  bralles ;  one  of  them  in  particular  had  a 
crofs  fleury. 

On  the  parifh  chefl,      1669.  On  a  fmall  ftone  is    H.  H. 

A.  W.  1770. 

On  the  fcptagon  font,  deeply  engraven  in  large  letters,  is  the  word  JJffDIjQr, 
and  three  fl^ells  in  an  efcutcheon. 

Epitaph  in  the  chancel  of  St.  Mary's  church,  at  Bury. 

Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Mrs.  Akne  Webbe, 

daughter  of  Gardiner  Webhe,  Efq.  of  Elmtfwell,  in  this  county, 

who  deparfed  this  life  the  15th  of  March,  1674. 

D  A  true 


j8  COLLECTIONS      F  O  R    S  U  F  F  O  L  K. 

r"!A"t'fu^T-ei^ncr  of  all  the  glebe  Innds,  melTnages,  tenement?,  and  portions  of  the 
'*  ''  tithes,  belonging  to  the  reftory  and  parilli  church  qf  Elmefwell,  in  the  county 
of  Suffolk,  and  diocefe  of  Norwich,  and  now  in  the  ufe  of  Mr.  Cofborne, 
retlor  there,  or  his  tenant  -,  taken,  made,  and  renewed,  according  to  the  old 
evidences  and  knowledge  of  the  aatient  inhabitants,  this  25th  day  of  June, 
A.  D.  1747,  "^""^  exhrbited  in  the  ordinary  vifnation  of  the  Right  Reverend 
Father  in  God  Thomas  Lord  Bifliop  of  Norwich,  holden  at  Bury  St.  Edmund's, 
in  the  county  aforefaid  : 

1.  The  parfonage-houfe,  with  an  hall,  two  parlors,  kitchen,  brewhoufe,  fcullery., 
and  dairy,  barn,  (table,  hay-houfe,  and  neat-houfe,  with  five  acres  of  ground  thereto 
adjoining,  be  it  more  or  lefs. 

2.  Alfo  one  piece  of  plowed  land,  lying  in  Eafl:  Field,  containing  by  ellimation 
one  rood,  more  or  lefs ;  the  one  end  thereof  abutteth  upon  the  Sand  Lane  towards 
the  north,  and  the  other  head  abutts  upon  the  ground  of  Mr.  Burcham  towards  the 
fouth  ;  the  one  part  fides  upon  the  ground  of  Mr.  Burcham  towards  the  weft,  and 
the  other  part  fides  upon  the  ground  of  Sir  Robert  Smyth  towards  the  eaft. 

3.  Alfo  one  other  piece  of  plowed  land,  lying  in  the  fame  field,  containing  by 
ellimation  half  an  acre,  more  or  lefs;  the  one  head  abutteth  upon  the  faidSand  Lane 
towards  the  north,  and  the  other  head  abutteth  upon  the  ground  of  the  faid  Mr. 
Burcham  towards  the  fouth  ;  the  one  part  fides  upon  the  ground  of  Mr.  Burcham  to- 
wards the  eaif,  and  the  other  part  fides  upon  the  ground  of  Mr.  Burcham  towards 
the  weff. 

^.  Alfo  one  piece  of  pallure  land,  lying  between  the  ground  of  Sir  Robert  Smyth 
and  the  ground  of  Mr.  Burcham,  containing  by  eftimation  half  an  acre,  more  or  lefs; 
the  one  liead  thereof  abutteth  upon  the  ground  of  Sir  Robert  Smyth  towards  the 
eafl,  and  the  other  head  thereof  abutteth  upon  the  ground  of  Mr.  Burcham  tomrds 
the  Weil;  the  one  part  fides  upon  the  ground  of  Sir  Robert  Smyth  towards  the  north, 
and  the  other  part  lides  upon  the^round  of  Mr.  Burchman  towards  the  fouth. 

5.  Alfo  one  other  piece  of  plowed  land,  containing  by  efiimation  half  an  acre, 
more  or  lefsi  One  head  thereof  abutteth  upon  the  ground  of  Sir  Robert  Smyth  to- 
wards the  w.efl,  and  the  other  head  thereof  abutteth  upon  the  Hundred  Way  ^towards 
theeall.;  the  one  part  fides  upon  the  ground  of  the  faid  Sir  Robert  Smyth  towards- 
the  fouth,  and  the  other  part  (ides  upon  the  ground  of  the  faid  Sir  Robert  Smyth  to- 
wards the  north,      » 

6.  Alfo  one  other  piece  of  paflure  land,  inclofed,  containing  by  eflimation  half  an 
acre,  more  or  lefs ;  the  one  head  thereof  abutteth  upon  the  ground  of  Mr.  Baldero 
towards  the-weft,:  find:  the  other  head  thereof  abutteth  upon  the  Ilundrcd  Way  to- 
wards the  eafl  ;  the  one  part  fides  upon  the  ground  of  the  faid  Mr.  Baldero  towards^ 
tie  fouth,  and -the  other  part  fides  upon  the  ground  of  Sir  Robeit  Smyth  towards 
the  north. 

7.  Alio  one  piece  of  plowed  land,  containing  by  eftimation  half  a  rood,  more  or 
lefs;  the  one  head  thereof  abutteih  upon  the  ground  of  John  Stockdell  towards  the 
weft,  and  the  other  head  abutteth  upon  the  ground  of  Sir  Robert  Smyth  towards 
the  eafl: ;  the  one'part  fides  upon  the  ground  and  manor  of  Elmefwell  towards  the 
fouth,  the  other  part  fides  upon  the  ground  of  Ifaac  Pammant  towards  the  north. 

8.  Alfff  one  piece  cxf  meadow  land  lying  near  Cock  Street,  containing  by  eftima- 
tion three  rood?,  more  or  lefs;  the  one  head  abutteth  upon  the  ground  of  Anne 

MarkaU, 


.      TERRIER      OF     ELMESWELL.  c^ 

Markallj.  Widow,  towards  rhe  wefl,  the  other  head  abutteth  upon  the  ground  of  Sir 
RoliPrt  Smyth  towards  the  eaft ;  the  one  p;irt  fides  upon  the  ground  of  Sir  Robert 
Smyth  towards  the  fouth,  the  other  part  fides  upon  the  ground  of  George  Baron 
towards- the  north. 

9.  Alfo  one  piece  jof  palltfre  land,  inclofed^  lying  and  bordering  upon  the  bound* 
of  Woolpit,  containing  by  eilimation  one  acre,  more  or  iefs;  the  one  head  thtreof 
ahuttcth  upon  the  King, 's  High-way,  leading  from  Stovvmatkett  to  St.  EdmiUKl's 
I>iiry,  tuwards  the  fouth;  tlie  other  head  abutteth  upon  the  ground  of  George  Baron 
towards  the  north,  and  fides  upon  the  grounds,  in  both  parts,  of  the  faid  George 
Bijron,  , 

10.  Alfo  two  arable  clofes,  being  inclofed,  Ijing  towards  Toflock,  containing  by 
cnimation  fourteen  acres,  more  or  Iefs  ;  the  one  head  thereof  abutteth  upon  the 
King's  High-way  leading  from  Elmefwell  to  Bury  towards  the  fouth,  the  other  head 
thereof  abutteth  upon  the  ground  of  George  Baron  in  pan  towards  the  north,  and 
in  part  upon  the  ground  of  Mr.  John  Brown;  the  one  part  fides  upon  the  ground 
of  Mary  Jackfon,  Widow,  towards  the  eaft,  the  other  part  fides  upon  thegrcund 
of  Richard  Mofcly,  Efquire,  towards  the  weft. 

THERE  are  no  cufloms  in  this  paril]i  in  the  cafe  of  tithes  but  in  the  Hall 
Farm*;  all  tithes  being  payable  in  kind,  if  fo  demanded  by  the  redor.  The  par- 
ticular cuftoms  belonging  to  the  faid  Hall  Farm  are  th-efe;  viz.  the  milk  every'  veaf 
cf  the  whole  dairy  for  nine  inovnings,  or  elfe  the  checf.-  of  thofe  nine  mornings 
made  after  the  beit  manner ;  tli;it  is,  of  the  right  one-meal  fort;  one  good  calf,  and 
half  a  guinea  in  money,  lor  the  tithes  of  lambs  and  wl.oI  kept  and  growing  on  the 
faid  lands.  'I'he  number  of  acres  paying  this  tithe  within  the  gates  of  the  faid  farm 
are  eighty-fix;  viz.  Waits'  Wood,  Waits'  Wood  Meadow,  the  two  Back  Fields, 
Carter's  Clofe,  Dove  Houfe  Pightle,  and  Cow  Paflure.  For  Lord's  Meadow,  Pound 
Ciofc,  and  the  two  Slade-bottom  Meadows,  are  paid  two  acres  of  grafs  fit  for  hay. 
Befides  thefe  cuftoms,  there  are  no  other  belonging  to  the  (aid  farm;  all  tlie  other 
lands,  lying  without  the  gate  and  belonging  to  this  laiin,  pay  their  liihcs  in  kind,  as 
the  reft  of  the  lands  in  the  parifh  do. 

In  the  faid  parifh  is  an  hofpital  founded  and  endowed  by  Sir  Robert  Gardiner, 
knight,  about  the  year  1614,  for  fix  poor  widows,  who  have  each  a  convenient 
apartment,  a  blue  gown,  and  a  load  of  wood,  every  year,  and  is.  /\d.  per  week; 
■who  are  thus  mamtained  out  of  certain  lands  lying  at  Thelnttham  and  Elmefwell,  in 
the  county  of  Suffolk,  in  the  hands  of  feoffees,  in   truft. 

The  biackfmith's  Ihop,  garden,  and  other  lands,  in  the  occupation  of  I\Ir. 
Eaftorne,  Jonathan  Blois,  Edward  Marfh,  and  John  Wright,  to  rhe  annual  value 
of  7/.  5 J.  were  fettkd  by  comraifTion  for  charitable  ules,  upon  the  parifh  ciiurch 
of  Elmefwell,  for  the  repairs  and  ornaments  of  it;  which  rents  are  annually  re- 
ceived by  the  church-wardens.  The  commilfion  under  the  Great  Seal  of  England 
for  the  aforefaid  purpofe  bears  date  Feb.  15,  1705;  and  the  award  and  declara- 
tion hereupon  of  the  faid  commiflfioners,  Oft.  25,  1706.  Several  parcels  of  land, 
to  the  value  of  21/.  per  ann.  belong  to  the  parifh  of  Elmefwell,  as  fettled  alfo  by 
the  aforefaid  commifTioners.  Four  towH-houfes,  inhabited  by  feveral  poor  families, 
belong  to  the  faid  parifh. 

*  Containing  237  acres,  and  a  wood  of  141  acres,.  Elmefwell  Common  (at  prefent  uninckfsd) 
contains  188  acres. 

7  I« 


^ 


Ho  COLLECTIONS   FOR  SUFFOLK. 

%    In  teftimony  of  the  truth  of  the  within  abovementioned  particulars,  we    i!ie 
)-       miniftcr,  church-wardens,  and  chief  inhabitants,   have  fct  our  hands,  the  day 
and  year  aforefaid. 

J.  Cofborne,  Reftor.  E.  S.  1  ^, .  ^  t  i,  u- 

.  "'  '  SCI  &c     f^"'cr  ^"habitants. 

'  W  R  f  Church-wardens.  '   •' 

^  true  and  perfe£>  note,  or  account,  of  all  nnd  fingular  the  goods,  books,  oma- 
"_'"  ments,  and  utenfils,  belonging  to  the  parifli  and  parifh  church  of  jLin.elwell,  in 
the  county  of  SulTolk,  and  diocefe  of  Norwich. 

One  filver  flaggon,  with  a  cover.  One  fine  linen  cloth  and  one  napkin,  for 

One  filver  chalice.  communion-table. 

One  filver  patten.  Two  furplices  of  Hollar.d. 

One  filver  plate,  for  colleftlng  the  ahns.      Two  prayer-book?. 

One  carpet  for  the  communion-table,  of     The  book  of  homilies. 

green  cloth.  One  large  Bible,  of  tl  e  !aft  tranflation. 

One  pulpit-cufhion,  of  the  fame.  Five  bells,  with  their  frames. 

S    C     T 

Yj   p    [C  ur  h-wardens. 

*;/,*  There  docs  not  appear  to  have  been  any  alteration  iu  the  Terrier  fincc 
the  date  above. 


ELMF.swtLL  is  fuunted  in  an  exceedingly  pleafant  part  of  Suffolk,  only  fix  miles 
from  Bury,  and  fix  from  Stowmarket,  to  both  which  towns  the  roads  are  good.  It 
flands  high  ;  the  air  is  efteemed  fine  and  wholfome,  many  of  the  profpeif^s  are  beau- 
tiful and  cxtenfive,and  the  nci;j,libourhood  in  general  abounds  with  gentlemens  feats. 
Theciiurch  (which  formerly  belonged  to  the  abbey  of  Bury)  has  a  lofry  ftcepie,  and 
the  church-yard  is  higher  than  the  tops  of  the  chimneys  of  lome  of  the  adjoining 
cottages. 

An  infcription,  carved  in  (lone,  on  the  front  of  the  fouth  porch,  has  been  pur- 


pofely  erafed.     On  the  fteeple  is    ^^^  •     There  ufed  to  be  in  the  church-vard  a 

very  large  white-thorn,  whofc  branches  extended  fo  far,  that  they  were  obliged  to 
be  fupported  by  a  frame  ot  wood-work.     It  was  cut  down  about  1760. 

At  a  court-baron  held  at  Elmefwell  in  March  178'),  appeared  Edward  Marlh, 
aged  90,  who  has  a  brother,  William  Marfli,  aged  93.  Both  thefe  copyholders 
have  duly  attended  the  courts  during  the  greater  part  of  the  prefent  century;  and 
their  family  have  lived  in  the  parifli  500  years. 

"  An  original  defcription  of  the  manor  of  Elmefwell,  parcell  of  the  podcffions 
*'  of  (iardiner  Webbe,  Efq;  (viz.)  of  fo  much  thereof  as  doe  ly  in  the  parifli  and 
"  boundes  of  b.lmefwell  allorfaid,  within  the  county  of  Sufl'olk,  was  taken  and  made 
"  on  the  ninth  of  Oftober,  Anno  Domini  1627,  by  Thomas  Waterman,"  is  now 
(1786)  in  the  hands  of  j.  Nichols, — The  parifli  contains  (by  admeafurement  taken 
in  1786)  1880  acres,  oneroid,  26  perches.  There  is  a  good  parfonage-hcnife, 
with  i^roper  nut  bi;ildings,  in  decent  repair,  an  exceeding  good  garden  and  hfti- 
pond,  with  five  acres  of  rich  pafture. 


(nouiiil  Han  ..r  llu- XimiKTN' at   ('.\MPSEY  ASll;,,; 

.Vorlli 


RMfS 


^mKce 


» 


Oia  r:ii}d.'.U:r'"ioiUc 
howwili'd :  yioxiHv: 


Campesse,  Camefey,  or  Campfey,  a  nunnery  of  the  order  of  St.  Clare,  or  the 
Minoreffes,  was  feared  in  a  fruitful  and  pleafant  valley  on  the  Eaft  fide  of  the  river 
Deven  ;  and  on  the  North  it  had  a  large  lake  of  water,  more  than  20  feet  deep, 
and  ab  )iu  14  acres  in  extent,  which  ftill  abounds  with  imnienfe  quantities  of  pike, 
carp,  tench,  and  eels.  While  the  water  fupplied  this  houfe  with  filh  and  wild- 
fowl *,  the  land  furniilied  the  other  neceflaries  of  life. 

It  was  founded  by  the  order  of  Theobald  de  Valoines,  who  gave  all  his  land  in 
Campeffe  to  his  two  fiOers,  Joan  and  Agnes,  for  the  creeling  of  a  nunnery  there,  to 
the  honour  of  God  and  the  glorious  Virgin  -,  which  grant,  being  confirmed  by  the 
following  charter  of  king  John,  was  carried  into  execution  in  .1204. 

"  Ilex,  Sec.  Sciatis  nos  conceffilTe  5c  ptcefenti  carta  noflra  confirmafle  rationa- 
bilem  donationem  quam  Teobaldus  dc  Valoines  fecit  Johannce  &  Agneti,  fororibus 
fuis,  Deo  devotis,  de  tota  terra  fua  de  Campeffe,  cum  omnibus  pertinentiis  fuis, 
ad  fundandum  ibidem  domum  religiofara  fanftimonialium,  in  honore  Dei  Sc  glo- 
riofe  virginis  Maris  matris  ejus,  ad  opus  ipfarum  &  aliarum  que  eis  adherebunr, 
in  fervicio  Dei  commorantium.  Prseterea  concedimus  eis  rationabilem  confirma- 
tioneni  quam  Gillebertus  Pechie  eis  fecit  de  eadem  terra.  Quare  volumus,  &  fir- 
miter  precipimus,  quod  pra^dicle  Johanna  &  Agnes,  &  predicla  domus,  &  ills  quas 
eis  fuccedent,  habeant  &  teneant  prfEdidtam  terram  bene  &  in  pace,  libere  & 
quiete,  plenarie,  &  honorifice,  ficut  carte  predifti  Theobaidi  &  prefati  Gilbert!  ratio- 
r.abiiiter  teRantur.  Tellibus  G.  Wintonienfi  ep.  &  E.  Elienfi  epifcopo,  &  j.  Nor- 
wicenfi  epifcopo,  G.  filio  Petri  coinite  Effexis,  Roberto  fiiio  Rogeri,  Willielmo 
Briwerr,  Petro  de  Stock.  Dat.  per  manura  Symonis  prepofui  Beverlac.  &:  archi- 
diaconi  Wellen.  apud  Weflmonafler.  xxviii  die  Januarii." 

The  nunnery  of  Campfey  found  in  after-ages  many  confiderable  benefaflors. 
Simon  de  Bruna  gave  at  one  time  a  certain  meffuage  and  four  acres  of  land  ; 
and  at  another  time  a  piece  of  land  lying  in  Totington  in  perpetual  alms,  for  the 
health  of  his  own  foul,  and  thofe  of  his  father  and  mother,  and  other  anceftors. 
John  le  Strange  alfo,  the  father,  gave  to  the  fame  nuns,  for  the  fame  purpofes,  a 
certain  meffuage,  called  Henepbord,  with  four  acres  of  land  in  Totington,  and 
a  manor  called  Stranges,  with  all  his  homage,  revenue,  and  fervices ;  all  which 
John  le  Strange  of  IJunftanton,  elq;  confirmed  and  warranted  to  the  faid  priorefs 
and  convent,  and  their  fuccelTors  for  ever.  Thefe  deeds  of  gift  -j-  were  made  when 
Mary  Felton  and  Alice  Corbet  were  prioreffes. 

Stephen  de  Ludham  (the  grandfather,  as  is  conceived)  gave  alfo  to  the  nuns  of 
Campeffe  a  piece  of  meadow  in  Ludham,  in  pure  and  perpetual  alms,  and  free 
from  all  fecular  fervices  and  demands.     His  fon  William  de  Ludham  gave  all  his 

*  The  name  of  Dtcoy  is  fiill  retained  here,   though  it  has  long  ceafed  to  be  fo  ufed. 

f  In  1728  they  were  in  the  hands  of  Francis  Canning,  of  Foxcote,  in  Waiwickfliire,  Efq. 

E  land 


22     COLLECTIONS  FOR  SUFFOLK. 

land  in  Ludham,  then  held  by  William  the  chaplain,  called  Finchefcroiit,  to  the 
faid  nuns,  yet  to  hold  of  him  and  his  heirs  by  the  annual  rent  of  twelve  pence, 
lix-peiiCe  whereof  to  be  paid  on  the  eve  of  Epiphany,  and  the  other  fix-pence 
upon  the  fcall  of  St.  John  Baptift,  yearly.  After  this,  Stephen  de  Ludham  his 
foi)  agreed  with  the  faid  nuns,  to  releafe  them  for  ever  from  the  payment  of  the 
twelve-pence  a  year  for  Finchefcrour,  upon  condition  that  they  fhould  for  ever  quit- 
claim all  their   right  and  title  to  two  pieces  of  mead  in  Wickham,  then  held  by 

■ de  Hill. 

While  Walter  de  SufReld  was  bifhop  of  Norwich*,  there  happened  a  controverfy 
between  Sir  Robert  dc  Valoines,  who  claimed  the  patronage  of  this  nunnery,  and 
the  nuns,  who  denied  his  title  to  ir.  The  cafe  was  referred  to  this  bifhop,  who  thus 
decided  it:  That  the  priorefs  and  nuns  fliould  always  acknowledge  the  faid  Robert 
de  Valoines  for  their  patron  ;  and  as  often  as  there  is  a  vacancy  of  a  priorefs,  the 
faid  Robert  fhall  feize  the  faid  nunnery,  but  without  any  hurt  to  their  goods,  or 
exercife  of  any  authority,  till  the  nuns  have  chofen  them  a  priorefs,  whom  they  Qiali 
prefent  to  ttie  fiid  Robert  for  his  alTent ;  which  being  obtained,  the  bifliop  of  Nor- 
wich for  the  time  being  (liall  order  her  to  be  confirmed  and  lettled  in  the  govern- 
ment of  the  nunnery  -f-. 

In  1333  John  de  Framlyngham  obtained  from  king  Edward  III.  letters  patent  j", 
for  enabling  him  to  beflow  his  manor  of  Karleton,  and  the  advowfon  of  that  church, 
on  the  priorefs  and  nunnery  of  Campfey,  as  a  maintenance  for  a  chaplain  and  two 
afliftants,  to  perform  fervice  daily  in  their  church  fcr  the  foul  of  Alice  de  Henaud, 
Countefs  Marefcal  his  confort,  for  his  own  foul,  and  the  fouls  of  all  the  faithful  : 
the  patronage  of  the  faid  chaplain  to  be  for  ever  with  the  priorefs  of  Campfey 
and  her  fucceifors§. 

Maud  Countefs  of  Ulder,  relia  of  William  de  Burgh,  Earl  of  Ulfter,  and  fiaer 
to  Henry  Earl  of  Lancafler,  founded  in  1348  another  chantry  ||  of  five  priells  in  the 
chapel  of  the  Bleffed  Virgin  Mary  of  Campeffc,  by  the  licence  of  king  Edward  III. 
for  the  health  of  the  fouls  of  William  de  Burgh  and  Ralph  de  Uft'ord,  her  firfl 
and  fecond  hufbands,  and  of  Elizabeth  de  Burgh  and  Maud  de  Ufford  her  daughters, 
as  alfo  for  the  good  ellate  of  herfelf.  Sir  John  UfFord,  and  Sir  Thomas  de  Here- 

*   1244 — 1253.  t  This  decree  wasalfo  in  Mr.  Canning's  hands. 

J  See  thefe  at  length  in  Dugdale,  Monaft.  vol.  I.  p.  490. 

§  In  6  Hen.  IV.  mention  is  made  of  William  Worded,  mafter,  and  the  chaplains  of  the  chan- 
try of  Campefs  ;    and  in  the  valuation  of  26  Hen.  VIII.  we  find, 

Penfio  Galfridi  Crifp  msgillri  cantariie  ibidem  ^.8.  13X.  \d. 
Petri  White  clerici  ibidem. 
Francis  Woodhoul'e. 
Thomas  Bakeler. 
Thomas  Parker  clerici  ibidem. 
And  in  the  will-book   in  the  Archdeacon  of  SufTolk's  office,  marked  I.  f.  62.  there  is  a  legacy 
given  to  the  mafter  of  the  chantry  at  Campefs  and  his  brethren  in  1528. 

II  John  de  Haketon  de  Jakefle,  the  firft  mafter,  was  prefcnted  by  the  priorefs  Jan.  8  1349.  lb. 
John  de  Aften  was  prefented  by  the  priorefs  Sept,  24,  1352. 

ford; 


C  A  M  P  S  E  Y    A  S  H.  23 

ford,  knight,  during  their  h'ves,  and  for  the  health  of  their  fouls  after  their  death*; 
V'hich  chantry  Ihe  endowed  with  certain  lands  in  A(h,  near  Rendlcfliam,  and 
wich  the  advowfons  of  the  churches  of  Burgh  in  Suffolk,  and  Hargham  in  Norfolk. 
In  1357,  it  being  reprefented  to  the  king,  that  the  noble  and  pious  foundrefs, 
having  found  that  the  priory  of  Campfey  was  too  far  diflant  from  the  village  of 
Afli,  where  flie  had  propofed  to  fix  her  refiilence,  pcrmiffion  was  granted  to 
remove  the  chantry  to  the  manor  of  Rokhalle,  in  the  town  of  Brufleyard  ;  the 
revenues  and  fite  whereof  were  given,  in  1365,  to  the  priorefs  and  nuns  of  the 
order  of  St.  Clare  there,  when  the  chantry  was  converted  into  a  nunnery  at  that  place. 

Ralph  de  Ufford,  who  died  before  1348,  was  buried  in  the  chapel  at  Campfey. 

Robert  de  Ufford,  the  firfl:  Earl  of  Suffolk  of  that  name,  married  Cecily, 
daughter  and  coheir  of  Robert  de  Valoines.  By  his  \?([  will,  dated  on  the  felUval 
of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul,  1368,  and  proved  at  Cherying,  9  kal.  Dec.  1369,  he 
dire<^s  his  bociy  to  be  buried  "  a  Campaffe,  defoults  I'arche  parentre  la  chapelle  St. 
"  Nich.  8c  Ic  haut  altier,  ou  le  tombe  eut  eile  oideigne  -f-." 

Edmund,  brother  of  Sir  Robert  de  Ufford,  by  his  will,  dated  in  1374,  bequeaths 
his  body  to  be  buried  near  his  wife  in  the  chapel  of  Our  Lady  within  this  priory. 

William  de  Ufford,  his  fon,  the  fecond  Earl,  by  will,  proved  at  Lambeth,  Feb. 
24,  1 38 1,  directs  his  body  to  be  buried  at  Campaffe  nunnery,    "  dereare  la  tombe 
"  en  quele  mes  tres  honores  piere  &  miere  gifent  ];."     He  dropt  down  dead  on  the 
fteps  of  the  Houfe  of  Lords,  as  he  was   carrying  up  from  the  Commons  a  repre 
fentation  of  grievances,  containing,  among  others,  that  of  expence  in  drefs  §. 

Ifabella,  his  widow,  daughter  of  Thomas  Beauchamp  Earl  oF  Warwick, 
who  took  the  veil  in  this  houfe,  by  will,  proved  at  London,  Odt  28,  1416,  direds, 
"  mon  corps  a  laterre  defl:re  enterrez  a  Campfeye  jouft  mon  feigneur  ||." 

**Taxacio  Bonor'  Temper'  Epifcopor'  &  alior'  viror'  religiofor'  faft'  p  Ep'os  Wynton' 
&  Lincoln',  in  Arch'  Suff'  &  Sudbur'.  commonly  called  Pope  Nicholas'  Valor,  1288. 

In  Norfolk. 
Prioreff'  de  Campeffe  lit  in  Gernemut  Magna  — 

in  Hykclingg  — 

in  Stalham  

. ■ in  Stowe  de  t'  r'  h  f  allm  

■  in  Saxlington,  

. . in  Kyrkeby  oi'm  Scor',  • 

in  M'ton,  

In  Suffolk. 
Prioreff'  de  Campeffe  tit  in  Etone '  de  redd  —  — 

in  Parva  Gernemut'  de  dom  ib'  et  pifcar' 

in  Marling^m^  de  ter'  &  redd         — 

. . •  in  Hachon  ^  de  ter'  &  redd  — 

in  Redesftm*  de  ter' &  redd  — 

*  Diigd.  Monad.  I.  491.       f  Reg.  Wittlefeye,  fo!.  in — 114.        J  Reg.  Courtney,  fol.  iig. 
§   Dugd,  Bar.  11.49.  II  ^«g-  Chichley,  I.  fol.  296.  **  MS.  penes  C.  Ord,  1790. 

Variations  in  ihe  Coitonian  MS.  Tiberius  C.  10. 
'  Eftonc.     *  Framlingham.     3  Hatheione.     *  Ketidilllim. 

E  2  In 


£' 

s. 

d. 

2 

12 

0 

I 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

5 

13 

0 

4 

0 

0 

3 

a 

0 

I 

6 

0 

0 

1 1 

0 

9 

0 

I 

^ 

0 

9 

3 

0 

2 

0 

18 

10 

r    J  r  •  V.     I  in  Sandto  Laur'  de  reittt 


24     COLLECTIONS  FOR  SUFFOLK. 

In  Suffolk.  /.    s.    d. 

PriorefT'  de  Campeffe  lit  iiiAyfsh  de  tris,redd  molend'&fetu  animul'  10   14   io| 
• in  Tremeleye  de  redtt 

[n  Ipfwich,   |!JJ  gg  j^^^,  ^^  u,^^^ ,  j^  ^.^^^ 

—  in  Buiefyerd  ^  de  redd  &  ter'  — 

—  in  Craneford  de  ter'  —  — 

—  in  Swyftling  7  de  redd^  —         — 

—  in  Oeford  de  reddi  —  — 

—  in  Parham  de  ter'  &  red^d  

—  in  Ryndham  *  de  redd,  —  — 

—  in  Nonh  Glemham  de  ter'  — 

—  in  Glemham  P'va  de  redd  — 

—  in  Snape  de  redd  —  — 

—  in  Elaxhal "  de  red-ft  &  ter'  

—  in  Henftcde  '°  de  rcd^cf  —  — < 

—  in  Froltenden  de  red'd  —         — 

—  in  Jokesford  de  redd  —  — 

—  in  Sutton  de  redd  h.  ter'         —         — 

—  in  Chattilliam  •'  de  redd  • — •         — 

—  in  UiTord  de  redd  —  — 

—  in  Lowdtim  '"^  de  teru  &  fet'  animalium, 

—  in  Wykiiam  de  redd  —  — 

—  in  Dallinghoo  de  ter*  —  — • 

—  in  Bradeteld  '^  de  ter'  &  redd  — 

—  in  Bromefwell  '*  de  redtt  8c  conf 

—  in  Peteeftie  '-  de  redd  — 

—  in  Bulg'  de  ter'  —  — 

—  in  Debach  '"^  de  redd  — 

—  in  Clopton  de  redd  —  - — 

—  in  Mnrtlcfliam  &  Neuburn  de  redd 
— ■  in  Beling'  P'va  de  redd  — 

—  in  Grundelburgh  de  redd  — 

—  in  Keffemer  '7  de  redd  ■ — ■ 
■^—  in  Strdiam  Antegan  ^'^  de  redd  — 

—  in  Flokcton  de  redd  — 

—  in  Ayfsh  '9  de  redd  —         — 

—  in  Codenham  de  tor'         —  — 

—  in  Wrtlim  '°  de  redd  — 

—  in  Burgate  de  redd.  — 

—  inSiowe  de  redd  &  pql'  cur'  — 

—  in  Conabys  ''  de  redd  . —  — 


0 

0 

« 

0 

5 

0 

0 

2 

0 

2 

'5 

81 

0 

19 

0 

C 

I 

Hi 

1 

5 

0 

3 

10 

8i 

1 

4 

9 

0 

12 

0 

0 

15 

2 

0 

3 

5 

0 

7 

9l 

0 

6 

8 

0 

5 

0 

c 

3 

0 

0 

15* 

7f 

0 

9 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

13 

4 

0 

9 

10 

0 

2 

2 

0 

13 

I 

0 

5 

9 

0 

0 

8 

0 

I 

3 

0 

0 

II 

0 

I 

i| 

0 

2, 

2 

0 

10 

0 

0 

•5 

0 

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8 

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0 

0 

8 

0 

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2 

8 

3 

10 

0 

0 

4 

0 

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S 

6 

0 

0 

16 

0 

Variations  in  the  Cottonian  copy  of  Pope  Nicholas  Valor, 
s  S'ceMar'dcUlmls.     «  Boiifgeide.     '  Srtfntlige.     •  Lcndham.     9  Blaxli^le.     'o  Hcnford.     '*  t,i%.  -,\A. 
"  Scaiclham.     '*  Ludharn.     "3  Breiidcfcndt.     ■•>  Biomwtll.     •' Petriile.     '*  Debatli,     ■?  RcfTtnier  xxid. 
*^  Stonham  Lutegan.     '9  Leys  lis.  viud,     ^°  Wihm.     2' Cairiies. 

Priorcfles 


C  A  M  P  S  E  Y     AS  H.  25- 

Priorcffes  of  CampeiTe. 

Joan  de  Valoins,  firft  priorefs. 

Joanna  occurs  23  Henry  III.   1229. 

Agnes  occurs  19  Henry  III.  12^5. 

Baiilia  de  Wachifliam  is  mentioned  in  a  deed*  uiihoiu  date;  and  again  43 
Henry  lU.  1258. 

Mary  de  \Vingfield  ;  her  eleflion  was  confirmed  IMay  1334. 

Katlicnn  Ancil  was  priorefs  3  Henry  V.  1416. 

Mary  Felton  ~f,  fucceeded  by 

Alice  Corbit '(-,  and  occurs  1418. 

Margaret  Henhajn,  1476. 

Elizabeth  Blcnnerhaflet,  15 17. 

Elizabeth  Buttry,  laft  priorefs,  died  at  Norwich  October  24,  1543  ;  and  was 
buried  in  St.  Stephen's  church,  Norwich. 

The  nunnery  was  valued  at  the  Diffolution,  at  ^.182.  9^.  c^d.  per  annumX. 

In  1553  there  remained  in  charge  to  Galfrid  Crifpe  £.^.  per  annifm  ;  and  to  John 
Eyer  f.'^^.  bs.  Zd.     Total  £.1^.  ts.  Sd. 

In  the  annexed  plan,  A.  fliews  the  fite  of  the  church,  now  all  in  ruins,  except 
the  Wefl:  end,  where  the  walls  are  three  feet  thick. 

B.  The  chapel  of  Sr.  Mary. 

C.  Is  fuppofcd  to  be  the  refectory  or  dormitory. 

D.  The  dwelling-houfe,  built  with  tlone  and  brick  ;  and  the  infide  fupported 
with  prodigious  balks  of  timber,  &c.  A  principal  beam  in  the  hall  meafures  14 
inches  fquare.  The  inner  work  of  the  Wefl:  porch  of  this  houfe  confifts  of  many 
painted  mouldings  -,  and  on  the  fides  are  demiquatrefoil  arches. 

The  farm  houfe  was  part  of  the  original  apartments  ;  and  in  the  parlour  win- 
dow is  a  piece  of  glafs  ft ained  with  the  arms  engraved  in  the  annexed  plate,  fig.  i  ; 
over  the  kitchen  chimney  the  efcuicheon,  fig.  2;  on  the  wooden  part  of  a  gable 
next  the  mill,  "  1648.  I-  L."  [for  Lane]  and  the  efcutcheon  as  in  fig.  3  ;  and  in 
an  upper  chamber  was  in  Kirby's  time  the  figure  of  a  lady  flained  in  giafs  (fince 
gone),  with  the  capitals  engraved  in  fig.  4.  Itill  remaining,  probably  to  be  read 
Grace  governcfs,  alluding  rather  to  the  divine  influence  than  to  the  name  of  a 
priorefs  ;  and  at  the  foot  of  the  horfe-blbck,  a  flab  of  white  ftone,  inicribed  as  in 
fig.  5.  for  Margaret  Br,i7jfred,  or  Bonnhed,  one  of  the  prioreffes  not  in  the  lift  above. 

In  this  parilh  are  three  diftmcl  confiderable  eltates  j 

1.  The  Alanor-houfe  ;, 

2.  The  Nunnery  ; 

3.  The  High-houfe. 

At  the  time  of  the  great  Survey  under  William  tlie  Conqueror,  tlic  lordfliip 
was  the  property  of  Robert  Malet ;  and  is  mentioned  both  as  Campfey  and  as  Jjh 
in  feveral  parts  of  Ddmefday.  Gilbert  bilhop  of  Evreux  held  lands  here  as  an 
undr-tenant,  and  Briftmarus  was  tenant  of  the  mill  §. 

Themanorof  CampfeyAlh  was,  in  1348,  the  property  of  Mau'd  Countefs  of  Ulfter. 

*  Penes  C.  Ord,  arm.  17QO.  +  Stevens'  Supplement,  vol.  I.  jj.  5^4. 

J  See  the  Original  Survey,  26  Hen.  VIII.  in  the  Fiiil  Fruits  Ollice. 
§  Vol.  II.  p.  293.  b   326.  b.  388.  b.  4+3.  b. 

la. 


26     CO  T>  LECTIONS  FOR  SUFFOLK. 

In  the  n)il  of  the  ninths  granted  to  Edward  IlL  in  1340,  the  jurors  return, 
Thiit  the  ninth  part  of  the  iheaves,  fleeces  and  lumbs,  in  A{h,  is  worth  this  year 
/\3.  65-.  Sd.  and  no  more  ;  t!ut  the  reftor  has  three  Mcres  of  arable,  worth  this 
year  ^s.  6d.  ;  value  of  each  acre  is.  dd.;  the  rents  of  afiize  3^.  6c/. ;  t)  the  of  -hay, 
with  lialf  a:i  acre  of  meadow  belonging  to  the  church  ;^.i.  iSx.  ;  the  tythe  ot 
hemp  and  flax  at  lOJ. ;  the  tythe  of  miiic  with  the  calves,  hens  and  pigs,  at 
£.1.  loj.  ;  tythe  of  apples  id.  ;  profits  of  mortuaries  and  burials  (de  req^nejlu  mor- 
liiar^  fcpttlttir'),  and  other  fmall  obiations  ^.-a-.  os.  ^d- 

King  Henry  VIII.  granted,  in  his  29th  year,  to  John  Eyer,  for  the  term  of  his 
life,  an  annuity  of  £-2>'^.  65.  8c/.  out  of  the  manors  of  Wikham,  Gelham,  Byng 
and  Valhiiis,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  beionoing  and  apperteynyng  to  the  late 
monaflcry  of  Cimpfe}^,  in  Suffolk  ;  which  manors  of  Wikeham,  Celham,  and 
Bvnge,  the  (kiti  kmg,  by  his  letters  patent,  granted  to  Sir  Anthony  Wyngfekle, 
knight,' and  to  the  heirs  male  of  his  body,  and  engages  to  hold  the  faid  Sir  An- 
thony Wyngfeid  difcharired  of  the  faid  annual  rent  *. 

irienry  VIII.  in  his  35th  year,  granted  to  Sir  William  Willoughby,  knight,  the 
fite  of  the  manor  of  Campll-y,  with  the  lands  belonging  to  this  nunnery,  and  all 
the  manor  of  Campfey,  and  the  lands  called  Valenes,  in  Valens  and  Blaxhall, 
and  ail  tbe  melTuages  and  lands  in  Haugh,  Northland,  and  Blonnyvile,  in  the  pa- 
rifhes  of  Hafketon  and   Parhan,  in  Suffolk,    to  holl  of  the  King  in  capite -f-. 

37  Henry  VIII.  Sir  Wilham  Willoughby  alienated  his  manor  of  Campfey, 
with  the  api)urtenancts  in  Campfey  and  A(h,  with  the  mefl"uages,  lands,  and  tene- 
ments, in  Haugh  and  Northland,  in  the  parifhes  of  Haflceton  and  Parham,  to  John 
Some,  gent.  ;  and  in  tiie  fame  year  John  Some  conveyed  a  moiety  of  thefe  lands  to 
John  Valentyne,  gent,  and  his  heirs.  The  other  moiety  pafled  to  the  Lords  Audley, 
and  froin  them,  by  marriage,  to  Thomas  Howard  Earl  of  Suffolk. 

6  Edward  VI.  William  Some  conveyed  his  portion  of  the  manor  of  Campfey  to 
Robert  Vefey  and  his  heirs ;  in  whofe  family  it  continued  till  the  6th  of  Elizabeth, 
when  it  was  alienated  by' William  Vefey  to  William  Ilunwick';  and  paffed  from  this 
family  into  thofe  of  Bull  and  Danby  ;  and  in  1659  was  purchafed  by  John  Braham, 
grandfon  of  Sir  John  Braham,  of  Braham-hall,  who  fettled  here ;  but  that  family 
failing  of  iffue  male,  it  became  vefled  in  two  maiden  ladies  of  that  name;  of  whom, 
Elizabeth  |,  the  lad  furvivor,  died  April  7,  1788,  aged  83. 

4  Edward  VI.  William  Lord  Willoughby  alienated  the  fite  of  the  nunnery  at 
Campfey,  with  the  appurtenances,  in  Campfey  Aih,  Lowdham,  Rendlefliam,  and 
\'l'ycl;am,  to  John  Lane,  gent,  and  his  heirs. 

it  was  purchafed  of  the  Lanes  by  Frederick  Scot,  who  fold  it  to  Sir  Henry  Wood, 
of  Loudham  ;  and  it  came,  with  the  reft  of  his  eftate,  to  Robert  Oneby,  Efq;  of 
Barwell,   in  Leiccfterlliire  j    from  whom  it  pafled  by  will  to  William  Chapman,  of 

f  AugmGntr.ti()n  Decrees,  N' 4.  p.  95.  t  Book  of  Inquifitions  penes  C.  O.  1790. 

1  This  lady  poffefTed,  among  other  curiofities,  a  roll  or  computus,  28  Hen,  VJII.  of  the  Stew, 
arcl  of  the  manors  of  Campefle,  Haugh,  Northlands,  Blaxhall,  Loudham,  Peteftree,  UfFord, 
X3elham,  Harpolc,  and  Bing. 

Loudhan), 


C  A  M  P  S  E  Y    ASH.  27 

Loudham,  efq.  (afrerwards  Sir  William)  who  died  Feb.  9,  1785.  It  was  afterwards 
the  pioperty  of  Thomas  Breton,  Efq.  and  Robert  Lloyd  iireton  his  Ton,  as  heirs- 
at-law  to  one  fourth  part  of  the  property  of  Mr.  Oneby ;  and  was  fold  by 
them  in  1788  to  Jacob  Whiibread,  elq.  the  prefent  owner. 

John  Giover,  gent,  purchalcd  an  eflate  in  the  parifh,  of  Thomas  Goodwyn,  genr. 
and  others,  about  the  begiiinint'  of  the  reign  of  Qiieen  Elizabeth*;  and  by 
Jane  his  wife,  had  ifliie  William, Giover,  and  Dorothy,  married  to  Henry  Fox,  genr. 
William  Glover,  Efq;  their  only  Imi,  was  ionictime  fervant  to  Thomas  Howard 
Earl  of  Suffolk.  He  built  with  brick  the  High-houfe  near  Afli  Green  ;  and  by 
Elizabeth  his  wife  had  illue  three  fons  and  three  daughters,  viz.  John  Glover, 
who  died  in  his  father's  life  time  ;  V\  illiam  Glover  ;  1  homas  Glover  ;  Elizabeth 
Glover;  Mary  Glover;  and  Ann  Glover.  Their  father,  by  his  will,  dated  30th  of 
Oclober,  162S,  devifed  his  manor  of  Aflimoor-hall  to  Elizabeth  his  wife  for  life, 
with  remainder  to  William  his  fon.  He  died  about  the  i6th  of  March  next  after 
the  date  of  his  will,  and  was  buried  at  Afli.  William  Glover,  efq;  their  fecond 
£bn,  was  lord  of  the  manor  of  Alhinoor-hali,  dwelt  in  the  houfe  here  which  his 
father  built,  and  had  ilTue  by  his  wife,  V\  illiam  Glover,  John  Glover,  and  Ann. 
Glover.  Their  father  was  flain  at  the  \\'hite-Hart  in  Wickham-Market  by 
two  perfons  in  1641  ;  and  lies  buried  in  Afli  chancel  under  a  black  grave-ftone. 
William  Glover,  efq;  his  eldeft  fon,  fold  his  father's  feat  in  Afli,  with  the  lands 
thereto  belonging^,  to  John  Sheppard,  gent,  (in  whole  family  it  dill  remains)  ;  and 
removed  to  Kruftinden,  where  his  pofterity  were  living  in  1745. 

The  principal  land-owners  in  Alh  are  now  (1790)  John  Sheppard,  efq;  Rev. 
Samuel  Kilderbee,  Jacob  Whitbread,  efq;  Philip  Edward  Braham,  efq;  Sir  George 
Wombwell,  bart.  Mrs.  Chandler,  Nathaniel  K.  Chandler,  Mrs.  W  hincop,  Ilaac 
Allett,  and  Thoitias  Salkeld. 

The  annual  affelTment  of  the  parifli  to  the  land-tax  is  £.1^4^.  12s.  6d. 

In  Alh  church  there  are  4  bells.     The  church  is  dedicated  to  St.  John  Baptift.. 

The  chancel  has  been  lately  put  in  new  repair. 
Over  the  door  is  "  S.  K.  1788." 

In  the  Eaft  window  of  the  chancel,  on  painted  glafs  : 

Three  lions  of  England,  a  label  of  3  points  Arg. 

Gules,  a  lion  rampant  Arg. 

Party  per  pale  Or  and  Azure,  a  lion  rampant  Argent  impaling 

Near  the  pul  it,  is  a  figure  in  brafs  of  a  prieft  holding  a  chalice,  under  a  hand- 
fome  canopy,  the  border  gone  : 

"  £Df  ^ouc  r^arttic  prap  f02  tt)c  fotilc  off  ^it  3leran!)rc  3inslifc?)f>  fHrntgrn? 
patitd)  prctt  of  tbi'S  r^iurcljc,  on  lutjofc  foulc  3Ef«  ^atoe  nicrn." 
He  was  reftor  between  1447  and  1504. 

*  Both  buried  at  Afh  ;  he,  June  28,  1568  j  flie,  July  6,  1575.  Arms  of  Glover,  Sable,  a  fefs 
cremelle  E  rmine  between  three  crefcents  Arg. 

Oa 


23     COLLECTIONS  FOR  SUFFOLK. 

On  a  large  flat- fl one  on  the  North- weft  fide  of  the  altar  : 
Arms:  Gu.  a  che\ron  Ermine  between  three  dolphins  naiant   embawed  Artr. 
"  Here  Ij'etli  interred  the  body  of  Edward  Elenerhayfet,  the   youngeft  fonne  of 
Samuel  Blenerhayfet,  of  Loudham,  Eiqiiire  :    he  died  June  1641. 
Not  that  he  needeth  monements  of  Hone 
For  his  well-gotten  fame  to  reft  uppon  ; 
But  this  was  laid,  to  teftifie  that  hee  ' 

Lives  in  their  loves  that  yet  furviving  bee. 
For  unto  Virtue,  who  firft  rais'd  his  name, 
He  left  the  prcfervation  of  the  fame  ; 
And  to  I'ofteriiie  remuine  it  fliall, 
When  bralfe  and  marble  monements  fliall   fail." 

On  a  flat-fhone,  half  hid  by  the  rails  of  the  altar: 
Arms:   Sable,  a  fefs  crenelle  Erm.  between  3  crefcents  Arg. 
"  Here  lyeth  interred  the  body  of  William  Glover,  Elquire,  who  was  unhappily 
flaine  July  1041. 

Behold  in  me  the  life  of  man, 
Compared  by  Davidd  to  a   fpan  ; 
Let  friends  and  kindreds  weepe  no  more. 
Here's  all  the  odds — I  went  atore." 

On  a  black  marble  ftone  on  the  pavement  in  the  chancel: 
Arms:  a  crofs  patonce,   impaling  ift  and  4th  on   a  bend,  three   lions  faces  be- 
tween two  fleurs  de  lis ;   2d  and  3d  on  a  pale,  a  lion  rampant. 

•'  HERE  LYETH  BURYED  THE  BODY  OF  MARY,  THE  WIFE  OF  JOHN  BRAHAM,  GENT. 
DAUGHTER  OF  RALPH  DARNELL,  ESQ_.  WHO  DIED  THE  SEVENTH  DAY  OF  FEBRUARY, 
ANNO   DOMINI    lt6o." 

On  two  large  flat-ftones  there  have  been  brafies,  now  gone ;  on  one  of  them  the 
figure  of  a  man  and  his  wife,  three  fons  and  fix  daughter. 

On  an  altar  tomb  in  the  church-yard  : 
Arms  :  Sable,  a  fefs  Or,  between  three  talbots  paffant  Arg.   each   carrying  in 
his  mouth  a  bird  bolt  of  the  fecond.    •Creft,   a  lion's  head  Sable,  ifluins;  from  a 
tower  Or. 

"  Here  lies  the  body  of  John  Sheppard,  of  Afh,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  Gent, 
who  departed  this  life  February  14,  1669. 

"  Here  alfo  lies  the  body  of  John  Sheppard,  fon  of  the  abovefaid  John,  who 
departed  this  life  July  11,  1672."     ■ 

I  On 


C  A  M  P  S  E  Y    A  S  H.  a? 

On  upright  fiones  : 

**  111  memory  oF  Sarah,  the  wife  of  Philip  Wade,  who  departed  this  life  March 
26,  aged  69  years. 

She  was  honeft  in  her  time;  a  loving  mother  to  her  leven  children  : 
John,  Samuel,  Sarah,  and  Mary,  flie  fee  die, 
Alfo  foon  after  they  five  by  her  lie." 

Mary  Haftings,  died  March  24,  17 14,  aged  83. 

N.  Chandler,  died  Auguft  27,  1770,  aged  76. 

Hannah  Chandler,  died  Auguft  14,  1767,  aged  6. 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  Thomas  Durrant,  died  Odrober  ro,  1729,  aged  79. 

r  Edward  Curtis,  died  December  28,  17 18,  aged  72. 

(^Sufan  Curtis,  died  January  16,  1715,  aged  61. 

rjohn  Woolnough,  of  Tunftall,  died  Odtober  6,  178 1,  aged  S5. 

(_Mary  Woolnough,  died  Oflober  4,  1760,  aged  62. 
John  Woolnough,  died  Oiflober  14,  1780,  aged  54. 
Thomas  Chapman,  died  Auguft  7,  1737,  aged  28. 
Thomas  Chapman,  died  Auguft  6,  1747,  aged  66. 
Elivabcth  Chapman,  died  December  9,  1769,  aged  86. 
Thomas  Glanfield,  died  November  9,  1753,  aged  31. 
Thomas  Glanfield,  late  of  Marlesford,  died  January  22,  1764,  aged  70. 
Elizabeth  Glanfield,  died  December  9,  1765,  aged  51. 
Benjamin  Barthrop,  died  Sept.  22,  1778,  aged  27. 

Reftors  of  Alh. 

3  Kal.  Aug.  1 3 1 2.  Galfr.  de  Caftre  ad  pref.  Diise  Alicije  de  Hannonia  Com.  Norf. 
6  Feb.  Joes  de  Shaftfbury  ad  pref.  Maris  de  Breufe  Com.  Norf. 

23  Ofl.  1395.  Will.  Tyken  ad  pref.  Margaretas  Com.  Norf. 

1  Jul.  1447.  The.  Brown  ad  pref.  JoTs  Vice  Com.  de  Belleraonte. 
Alexander  Inglifche. 

9  Mali  1505.  Joes  Leycefter,  LL.  B.  Commiffary  General  of  SufF.  vicar  of  Stoke 
Neylond,  and  reftor  of  Stonham  Afpal. 

2  Dec.  1506.  Joes  Bredlawgh  ats  Jacob  ad  pref.  Tho.  Com.  Surrey. 
26  Jun.  1510.  Joes  Hecker  ad  pref.  ejufden% 

Tho.  Burgh,  he  was  alfo  reftor  of  Marlesford  in  15191 
31  Jul.  1533.  Joes  Shery  ad  pref.  Thomse  Ducis  Norf. 
16  Apr.  1534.  Joes  Hood  ad  pref.  cjufdem. 

24  Apr.  1554.  Thomas  Borough  ad  pref.  ejufdem. 

22  Aug.  1561.  Joes  Aldham  ad  pref.  Willi  Dili  Willoughby. 

25  Jua.  1584.  Hen.  Vounroiv. 

18  Dec.  1607.  Will.  Ferrer  ad  pref.  Com.  SufFolc'. 

5  Oa.  1637.  Rob.  Camborne  ad  pref.  Theoph.  Com.  SufF.     He  occurs  in  1662. 

4  Oft.  1671.  Sam.  Stubbing  ad  pref  JoTs  Bream  gen. 

5  Feb.  1677.  Edm.  French  ad  pref.  Jois  Bream  arm, 
22  Jun.  1692.  Sara.  Fenn  ad  pref.  Deborce  Bream  vid. 

1753.  Thomas  Bi(hop  was  re^lor. 
1783.  Mr.  Stewart. 
June  1784.  Samuel  Kildcrbee,  M.  A.  the  prefent  re£lor. 

F  In 


$b     COLLECTIONS  FOR  SUFFOLK. 

In  a  MS.  of  Church  Notes  in  Suffolk,  he.  taken  by  Dr.  Sampfon  *  1661,  2,  and 
3,  in  the  hands  of  the  late  Mr.  Waibunon,  Somerlec  herald,  who  lent  it  to  Dr. 
Ducarel  1754,  are  Infcriptions  at  Campfey  and  Ufford. 

A  TRUE  and  perfeft  note  of  remembrance  of  the  Cuflomes  of  the  paridi  of 
Campsey  Ash.  in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  and  diocefe  of  Norwich  ;  as  appears 
by  divers  books,  notes,  memorials,  and  teftimony  of  ancient  men,  inhabitants 
of  the  faid  parilh ;  and  continued  unto  this  prefent  fifth  day  of  May,  1662;. 
tcft  fied  by  us  the  inhabitants  of  Afli  aforefaid,  whofe  names  are  under-written, 
as  alio  by  the  prefent  reitor  of  the  faid  parifli. 

Imprimis,  For  every  dairv  milch  cow,  having  bad  a  calf  that  year,  three-pence. 

Item,  111  lieu  of  every  tenth  calf  in  one  year,  two  Ihillings. 

Item,  For  every  calf  that  falls  under  the  number  often,  being  fold,  two-pence. 

But  for  fo  many  as  are  killed,  or  weaned,  one  penny. 
Item,   For  every  gafl  beafh  and  heifer,  gad  ware  and  bud,  three  half-pence  apiece. 
Item,  A  hearth  hen  at  GhriHraas  is  in  full  difcharge  of  all  fuel  burnt  upon  the 
premifes. 

Item,  Once  in  a  year,  at  Eafter,  every  communicant  payeth  two-pence  for  his 
offering. 

Item,  For  fruit  two-pence. 

For  pig  and  goofe  the  cuftom  is  thus :  the  parfon  Is  to  have  the  feventh  in  kind, . 
allowing  to  the  parifhioner  a   half-penny   apiece  to  make  up  the  number  of  ten  |. 
and  the  parilhioner  to  allow  the  parfon  a  half-penny  apiece  for  all  under  feven. 
Mortuaries  are  payable  in  the  parifh,  according  to  the  ftatute. 
The  parfon  is  to  have  for  a  marriage,  one  (hilling  and  fix-ptnce. 
For  a  burial,  one  ihilling. 
For  a  churching,  fix-pence. 
For  every  hen,  on  Good-friday,  cuflom-eggs. 

The  out-townfmen  to  have  no  benefit  of  thefe  cufloms,  but  the  townfmen  only. 
The  out-townfmen  to  pay  two  fhillings  in  the  pound  for  herbage  ;  and  all  the  reft 
in  kind,  as  broom,  whins,  wood,  corn,  hay,  &c.         Robert  Camborne,  Redtor. 

Subfcribed  by  j<ihn  Brame,  Sen.  Eliz.  Damant.  Hen.  Chapman.  \\\\\.  Manffiip. 
Tho.  Reynolds.  William  Hawes.  William  Winter.  Edward  Winter, 

In  the  Exchequer.      Michaelmas  Term,  26  Geo.  II. 

BISHOP  verfus  B  R  A  H  A  M,   et  e  contra. 

AnExtrafl  from  the  Office  Copy  of  the  Proceedings  had  in  the  faid  Caufe,  fo  far 
as  regards  the  Cuftoras  of  the  Paiilh  of  Campfey,  as  to  the  Saiall  Tithes  ;  and 
a  particular  Modus  etlabliflied  for  the  Small  1  ithes  of  George  Lord's  Farm-j~. 

Thomas  BiHiop,  Clerk,  then  reftor  of  Campfey  Afli,  filed  a  Bill  againfl  De- 
fendants, to  recover  the  Great  and  Small  Tithes  of  the  farms  and  lands  in  De- 
fendant's pollelhon  in  the  faid  Parilh,  faid  to  be  due  to  him  as  Reflor  thereof. 

*  Probably  the  author  of  the  Hiftory  of  Franilingham,  printed  at  the  end  of  Leiand'j 
Colltctanca,  vcl.  I.  p.  ii.  p.  681.  edit,  jjiji.  ■\  Now  Mr.  Whitbread's ;  fee  p.  27. 

7  Plainiiff 


C  A  M  P  S  E  Y    A  S  H.  31 

PlanllfF  in  faid  Bill  admits  a  certain  Modus  to  have  been  eflablirtied,  and  flill 
exifting  in  full  force,  in  lieu  of  feme  Small  Tythes;  "viz.  for  every  Dairy  Cow, 
having  had  a  Calf  that  year,  3^.  for  every  loth  Calf,  zs.  for  every  Calf  under 
the  number  of  JO,  being  fold,  2d.  for  fuch  Calves  as  are  killed  or  weaned  id. 
each;  for  every  Gall  Beaft,  or  Heifer  Gaft,  Wear  Buds,  id.  half-penny  each  ;  a 
Hearth  Hen  at  Chriftmas,  in  full  for  all  Fuel,  6d.  Fruit,  2d.  Pig  and  Goofe  in 
kind,  allowing  one  half-penny  to  10  ;  and  to  have  but  one  half-penny  apiece  to  7. 

In  Bidiop's  .-infwer  to  the  Defendimt's  Crols  Bill,  (taken  by  conimifuon  N(.v.  r, 
1753,)  he  admits  the  following  Cuftoms,  together  with  the  above,  viz.  Mortuaries 
payable  in  faid  town  according  to  the  Statute;  for  a  Marruge,  is.  Burial,  is. 
Churching  6d.  for  every  Flen  on  Good-friday  Cuftom-cggs;  Outlyers  to  have  no 
benefit  of  thefe  cuftoms,  but  to  pay  zs.  in  the  pound  for  their  herbage,  and  ail  the 
refl;  in  kmd  ;  as  Broom,  Whins,  Corn,  Hay,  &c.  And  further  f;;iys,  that  the  above 
are  the  feveral  antient  Cuftoms  ufed  Time  immemorial,  as  to  the  payment  ot  'i'ithes 
and  Dues  to  the  Parfon  of  Campley  A(li,  in  feveral  Terriers  returned  by  theReflors 
and  Inhabitants,  and  regiftered  in  the  Court  of  the  Bifliops  of  Norwich. 

A  Commiffion  being  fent  down  to  examine  wltnefles;  and  publication  being 
pafled,  amongll  the  proofs  for  the  Plaintiff  in  the  Original  Caufe  is  the  depofitiou 
of  John  Nunn,  in  k^c  verba  :  "  To  the  fecond  Interrogatory,  this  Deponant  faith, 
*'  That  the  Complainant,  as  P.eflor  of  faid  Parilh  of  Alh,  is  intitled  to  all  Tithes, 
*' both  Great  and  Small,  arifing  within  the  faid  Parilli;  and  particularly  to  the 
"  Tithes  of  all  Corn,  Beans,  Peafe,  and  other  Grain,  Hay,  Grafs,  Clover  Grafs, 
*^  Seed,  Turnips,  Sheep,  Lambs,  and  Wool,  within  the  faid  PariOi :  except  only  to 
"  the  Tithes  ariiing  from  Six  Acres  of  Land,  Parcel  of  a  Clofe  called  Peafecrofr, 
"in  this  Deponent's  occupation,  which  this  Deponent  believes  to  be  exempt  from 
"  the  payment  of  Tithes,  both  Great  and  Small,  and  except  the  Small  Tithes  arif- 
"  ing  from  the  Farm  and  Lands  occupied  by  the  Deponent,  called  Campfey  Afh 
"  Abbey;  in  Lieu  of  which  the  faid  Complainant,  as  ReiTtor  as  aforefaid,  is  entitled 
*'  to,  and  does  annually  receive,  at  Chrilfmas,  one  large  Mold  Candle,  as  a  latis- 
"  faftion  for  fuch  Small  Tithes,  and  except  fome  Small  Tithes  aforementioned, 
"  arifing  \rithin  the  faid  Parilh,  for  and  in  Lieu  of  which  the  faid  Complainant  is 
"  entitled  to  the  following  Cultomary  Payments;  I'iz.  for  every  Dairy  Cow,  &c. 
"  &c.  Sec."  as  in  the  aforementioned  Modus  admitted  by  the  Complainant  in  his 
Anfwer  to  Defendant's  Crofs  Bill. 

Nov.  8,  1754.  In  full  Court,  inter  alia,  "  The  Modus  in  the  Crofs  Bill  edabliflied."  " 

By  the  above  extracts,  taken  from  Office  Copies,  it  appears  that  there  is  a  ge- 
neral, beneficial  and  antient  Pecuniary  Modus  eftabliflied  in  this  Parifh,  for  and  in 
Lieu  of  Small  Tithes. —That  fuch  Modus  is  on  Record  in  the  Bilhop  of  Nor- 
wich's Court. That  it  has   been  allowed   and  eftablilhed   by  an   Order  of  ihe 

Court  of  Exchequer,   bearing  date,  Monday,  Nov.  18,   1754- That  Six  Acres 

of  Peafecroft  Clofe  in  George  Lord's  Farm  are  free  and  exempt  from  all  Tithes. 

That 


32     COLLECTIONS  FORSUFFOLK. 

That  the  whole  of  the  Farm  which  George  Lord  now  holds,  being  the  Abbey, 

.  and  the  L'lnds  thereto  belonging,  is  fubjefi  to  the  payment  of  the  greater  Pr^edial 

Tyther,  b  u  exempted  frcm  the  payment  of  any  Small  Tithes,  or  any- Pecuniary  or 

-Other  Compenfation  in  Lieu  thereof,  evcept   a  large  Mold  Candle,  which  has  been 

•}iaid  to,  and  accepted  by,  the  former  Rectors  of  faid  Parifli,  from  Time  immemorial. 

■Several  of  the  inhabitants  can  prove  this  Cuftom ;    it  was  a  large  Green  wax  Mold 

Candle,  value  u.;    which   Candle  v,^as  uluallv  burnt  at   the  Reftor's  Tithe  Feaft, 

always   held,   before   the   time  of  the  prcfent  Pveftor,  on  Plough  Tuefday.     The 

'Mold,  in  which  the  Candle -was  made  is  of  great  antiquity,   was   preferved   in  the 

hands  of  Mr.  Lord.     Mr.  Srewarr,  the  late  Reflor,  refnfed   the   tender  when  made 

to  him  in  the  ufual  form  by  Mr.  Lord,  and   flung  the  Candle  into  the  road  ;    after 

■which  time  Mr.  Lord  paid  full  Fithes  for  all  his  Pafture  land. 

Mr.  Kilderbee,  the  prefent  Incumbent,  indufled  in  1784,  avowed  in  April  1785, 
-before  he  received  any  Tithes  from  the  Patifh,  that  fuch  a  Cuflom  did  exift;  but 
.he  being  then  but  lately  inducted  to  the  Living,  could  not  afcertain  the  particulars  ; 
but  fuppofed  that  the  Tenant  of  the  Abbey  ought  to  pay  him  a  Wax  Candle  annu- 
ally, at  Chriilmas,  in  Lieu  of  Tithes. 

if  a  Reiflor,  from  Interruption,  attempt  to  dcftroy  a  Modus,  it  may  be  obferv^d, 
and  held  as  found  law,  "  That  an  Interruption  of  the  Ufage  for  fuch  Time  only 
"  as  fliall  not  dcdroy  the  poflibility  of  proving  the  Cun:om  or  Prefcrlption,  fhall 
*^  not  deflroy  fuch  Cuftom  or  Prefcrlption  *." 

By  a  farvey  of  Mr.  Lord's  farm,  it  appears  to  contain  395  acres,  three  roods, 
38  petches.  But  that  furvey  does  not  mention  the  quality  of  the  land ;  nor  how 
much  was  for  the  plough,  now  much  meadow  or  paiture.  In  the  great  meadow, 
confifting  of  20  acres,  one  rood,  and  15  perches,  and  marked  in  the  above  mentioned 
Survey  (39),  there  was  formerly  a  Patch  of  land,  containing  two  acres,  which 
ivas  confidered  as  the  property  of  the  Rcftor,  and  as  given  in  Lieu  of  the  Tithes 
of  the  whole  meadow.  This  Patch  the  Reflor  fometimes  mowed  for  his  own  ufe, 
and  fometimes  fold  the  (landing  crop.  The  old  poles,  or  land-marks,  that  formerly 
marked  out  this  patch,  the  Re^or  has  deflroyed,  all  but  one.  Whenever  the  20 
acres  were  paftured,  the  tenant  always  paid  the  Ke<5tor  4.0s.  a  year  for  the  two 
acres.  Mr.  Lord  fays,  that  four  acres  of  Peafecroft,  (No.  7.),  were  always  exempt 
from  Corn  Tithes  -,  that  neither  Mr.  Stewart,  nor  Mr.  Kilderbee,  have  ever  de- 
manded them.  That  Mr.  Stewart,  whenever  he  took  Tithe  in  Kind,  always  left 
thefe  four  acres  un-tithed  ;  and  that  Mr.  Kilderbee  has  hitherto  done  the  fame. 
That  he  (Mr.  Lord)  has  compounded  with  Mr.  Kilderbee  for  one  year  ;  and  that 
,he  told  Mr.  Kilderbee,  at  the  lime  of  making  the  Agreemait,  that  thefe  four 
acres  were  Tithe  free  -j-. 

*  Price  and  Mafcall,  Trinity  Term,   12  James.    In  B.  R.  Bulllrode,  240      Watfon's  Clergj-- 
man's  Law,  512  ;  &:  paffim  in  the  Reports. 

f  This  was  drawn  up  in  1786.     J.lr.  Lord  is  lince  dead. 

■END    OF    THE    FFFTy-SECOND    NUMBER. 


QUERIES  piopofed  to  the  Nobility,  Gentry,  and  CtEHGV,  of  Leicester- 
shire; with  a  view  of  completing,  from  their  Anfwers,  an  Accoiiin  of  the 
ANTioyiTiES  and  Natural  History  of  the  feveral  Pariflies  in  that  County. 

1.  "W  THAT  is  the  antient  and  modern  name  of  the  parifh  in  which  you  re- 

\  V     fide?  and  what  do  you  fuppofe  to  be  its  etymology  ? 

2.  What  is  its  diftance  from  Leicester,  or  from  the  nearell  market  town  ? 

3.  What  is  the  extent  of  the  parifli  ?    and  by  what  pariflies  is  it  bounded,   Eaft, 
"Weft,  North,  and  South  ?  and  what  are  its  length  and  breadth  ? 

.     4.  What  number  of  hamlets,  villages,  townfliips,  chapelries,  &c.  are  in  it  ?  their 
names  and  fituation  ?  and  to  what  divifion,  hundred,  liberty,  belonging  ? 

5.  What  are  the  number  of  its  hoiifes  and  inhabitants  of  every  kind,  and  of  its 
teams  I  lift  of  freeholds  and  copyholds,  and  their  holders  ? 

6.  What  number  of  perfons  have  been  married,  chriftened,  and  buried,  for  the 
fpace  of  20  years  paft,  compared  with  the  firft  20  years  of  the  regifter  ?  When 
did  the  regifter  begin  ?  Are  any  curious  entries  or  reinarks  made  therein  ? 

7.  What  manors  are  or  were  in  the  parifti,  and  who  are  or  were  lords  thereof? 
'8.  What  are  the  names  and  qualities,  arms  and  defcent,  of  their  proprietors } 

9.  Are  there  any  particular  cuftoms  or  privileges,  or  remarkable  tenures,  in  any 
of  the  manors  in  the  parifti  ?  What  courts,  and  their  peculiar  cuftoms?  What 
exempt  jurifdidlions,  civil  or  ecclefiaftical  ? 

10.  What  caftle,  fort,  ancient  manor  or  manfion  houfe,  feat,  villa,  or  other 
remarkable  buildings,  are  or  have  been  in  the  parifli  ?  and  the  dimenfions  of  their 
largeft  apartment  or  galleiies  ? 

1 1.  What  coats  ot  arms,  infcriptions,  dates,  or  other  ornaments  and  figures,  are 
or  were  carved  or  painted  in  and  about  any  of  their  buildings  ? 

12.  In  what  manor,  deanry,  and  hundred,  does  the  Church  ftand  ? 

13.  Is  it  dedicated  to  any  Saint?  when  and  by  whom  it  was  built,  of  what  ma- 
terials ?   and  has  it  a  tower  or  fpire  ? 

14.  What  are  its  dimenfions,  number  of  alles,  chapels,  and  bcfts  ? 

15.  Are  the  font,  altar-piece,  or  plate,  ancient,  or  any  way  remarkable  ? 

16.  What  chantries,  altars,  fhrines,  lights,  images,  gilds,  or  roods,  appear  to 
have  been  in  the  church  ;    or  what  privileges  or  indulgencies  annexed  to  it  ? 

17.  Are  there  any  painted  figures,  arms,  or  infcriptions,  in  the  windows?  Is 
there  any  parochial  library  in  the  church  or  parfonage  ? 

18.  Are  there  any  ancient  or  modern  monuments,  gravc-ftones,  or  brafs  plates  ? 
and  what  infcriptions  and  arms  in  the  church,  chancel,  or  fteeple,  or  o;;  the  bells, 
plate,  chefts,  pews,  fcreens,  &c.  or  in  the  church-yard?  The  communication  of 
copies  of  any  fuch  monumental  or  other  infcriptions  is  particularly  requefted. 

19.  Are  tliere  any  tables  of  benefactions,  or  other  infcriptions,  whicli  are  worthy 
of  notice,  painted  or  carved  in  or  about  the  church,  v»ithin  or  without  ? 

20.  Are  there  any  vaults  or  burial-places  peculiar  to  any  ancient  or  other  f^i- 
niiliesi  and  what  extraordinary  interments  or  prefervation  of  bodies  ? 

21.  Is  the  living  a  reftory,  vicarage,  donative,  or  finecure  f 

22.  Are  the  computed  worth  of  the  living  and  its  rate  in  the  King's  books 
rightly  ftated  in  Bacon's  lately-pubhftied  Liber  Regis,  or  in  Eton's  Thclaurus  ? 

23.  Wh9 


ajo  Who  are,  or  uho  hare  been,  patrons  ? 

24.  Wlio  arc,  cr  have  been,  incumbents,  as  far  back  as  you  can  trace  by  tbe 
paridi-regifters  or  otherwife  ?  and  were  any  of  them  renaarkablc  for  their  writings, 
fufferings,  or  other  particulars?  of  what  univerfuy  or  college,  what  their  degrees 
or  preferments,  and  where  buried  ? 

25.  Are  there  any  lands  belongln;^  to  the  glebe  or  vicarage,  or  any  copy  of  the 
endowment,  or  any  terrier  ?  Has  it  been  augmented  by  CHieen  Anne's  bounty  i 
What  are  the  firfl-fruits,  tenths,  fynodals,  procurations,  pcnfions.  Sec. 

2  3.  Who  is  poiTefred  of  the  great  tirhcs  ?  what  may  their  reputed  value  be  ? 
and  is  any  modus  paid  thereout,  and  to  whom  ? 

27.  Is  there  any  chapel  of  eafc  in  the  parifli ;  how  is  it  fupported  ?  and  who  are, 
or  have  b:  en,  incumbents  ?  and  of  Vi/hat  value  may  the  cure  be  fuppofed  ? 

28.  What  charities  or  benefaftions  belong  to  the  parifli?  when  and  by  whom 
given  ?   how  improved,  or  how  loft  ?     What  was  the  return  made  to  Parliament  ? 

29.  Are  there  any  Diffenting  or  other  meeting-houfes,  or  Popifli-chapels  ?  and 
what  number  of  each  perfuafion  may  be  in  the  parifli  ? 

30.  Are  there  any  colleges,  alms-houfes,  free  or  other  fchool,  or  hofpital  ?  by 
whom  and  when  founded,  for  how  many  objefts,  and  what  is  the  prefent  ftate? 

31.  Have  there  been  any  abbeys,  priories,  friaries,  nunneries,  hermitages,  fanc- 
tuaries,  or  other  religious  houfes  ;  or  are  there  any  remains  or  ruins  of  them  ?  by 
whom  founded,  and  to  whom  granted  ?  what  charters,  cartularies,  ledger-books, 
rentals,  (latutes,  deeds,  wills,  obituaries,  bede-rolls,  or  other  writings,  feals,  habits, 
ftirines,  or  other  fragments,  belonging  to  any  church,  monafliery,  chantry,  gild, 
hofpiral,  fchool,  or  other  charity  ? — Speed  mentions  Starie  and  IVerezvereden  as 
Benedictine  monafteries  in  Leicefterfliire.     Q-  where  were  thofe  houfes  fituated  ? 

52.  Are  there  any  croffes  or  obelifks,  infcribed  or  carved  ftones,  circles  of  rude 
ftones,  fingle  iloncs  on  hillocks,  or  otherwife,  holbws  wrought  in  rocks,  fingle 
ftones  placed  horizontally  or  over  one  another,  or  any  beacons,  in  the  parilb  ? 

33.  Are  there  any  barrows  or  tumuli,  or  extraordinary  mounts  ?  have  any  been 
opened,  and  what  have  been  found  therein  ? 

34.  Are  there  any  Roman,  Saxon,  or  Danijli  can;les,  forts,  camps,  roads,  ditches, 
banks,  pits,  or  other  extraordinary  earth-works,  or  pieces  of  antiquity,  remaining 
in  your  parifli ;  and  what  traditions  or  hiftorical  accounts  are  there  of  them  ? 

35.  Have  there  been  any  vaults,  pavements,  urns,  pieces  of  pottery,  lamps, 
weapons,  armour,  feals,  rings,  buckles,  odd  pieces  of  metal,  ftatues,  bufts,  carvings, 
altars,  images,  coins,  or  other  pieces  of  antiquity,  Roman,  Saxon,  Danijh,  or  other, 
or  bones  of  extraordinary  fize,  dug  up  in  your  parifli ;  when  and  by  whom ;  and 
in  whofe  cuftody  are  or  were  they  ? 

36.  Have  there  been  any  remarkable  battles  fought  ?  on  what  fpot,  by  whom, 
when,  and  what  traditions  are  there  relating  thereto  ?  Or  what  the  fufferings  or 
adventures  of  the  clergy  or  gentry  in  the  civil  wars  ? 

37.  Have  any  councils,  fynods,  parliaments,  or  other  meetings,  civil  or  religious, 
been  held  in  it  ? 

38.  Have  you  any  wake,  Whitfun  ale,  doles,  or  other  fuch  cuftoms,  ufed  in  the 
parifti;  or  any  annual  or  other  procefTions  or  perambulations  ? 

^  39.  What 


59-  What  markets  or  fairs  sre  kept  in  tlie  parifli  ?  what  commodiiics  are  chiefiy 
brought  for  fale  ;  are  they  the  maniifafiures  or  produce  of  the  country,  live  cattle, 
or  other  things?  what  toll  is  paid,  and  to  whom? 

40.  Is  there  any  ftatute-fair  for  hiring  of  fervants,  and  how  long  has  it  been 
eQabliQied  ?  What  arc  the  ufual  wages  for  men  and  maid-fervants,  Sec.  for  eacli 
branch  of  hufbandry  ? 

41.  Are  there  any  manufaflurcs  carried  on  in  tlie  parifli,  and  what  number  of 
hands  are  employed  ?  What  rare  pieces  of  art  have  been  invented  or  made  by 
any  of  the  parifhioners  ? 

42.  What  is  generally  a  day's  wages  for  labourers  in  hufbandry  and  other  work; 
and  what  for  carpenters,  bricklayers,  mafons,  or  other  mechaniclcs,  &c.  .' 

43.  What  are,  or  have  been,  the  prices  of  provifions,  beaf,  veal,  mutton.  Iamb, 
pork,  pigs,  geefe,  ducks,  chicken,  rabbits,  butter,  cheefe,  &c.  r 

44.  What  is  the  annual  rent  or  value  of  the  lands  or  houfes  in  the  pariOi,  or 
townfliip  ?  what  is  the  poors-rate  in  the  pound  comnnmibus  annis  ? 

45.  W'hat  common,  or  quantity  of  wafte  land,  may  be  in  the  parifh  ? 

46.  Are  there  any  forefls,  chaces,  parks,  or  warrens ;  of  what  extent,  number  of 
deer,  &c.  ?  any  heronries,  decoys,  or  fiftieries  ;  and  to  whom  belonging  ? 

47.  What  is  the  ufual  fuel  ?  is  it  coal,  wood,  heath,  furze,  turf,  or  peat?  and 
the  prices  paid  on  the  fpot  ? 

48.  Is  there  any  great  road  leading  through  the  parifn,  and  from  noted  places  ? 

49.  Do  any  rivers,  or  brooks,  or  navigable  canals,  rile  in  or  run  through  the  pa- 
rifh ?  and  when  and  on  what  terms  were  the  a(fts  for  making  them  navigable  obtained  ? 

50.  What  bridges,  when  and  by  whom  built,  of  what  materials,  what  number  of 
piers  or. arches,  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  bridge,  and  width  of  the  arches  ? 
are  they  fupportcd  by  private  or  public  cofl.  ? 

51.  Has  the  parifli  given  birth  or  burial  to  any  man  eminent  for  learning,  oj 
other  remarkable  or  valuable  qualifications  ? 

52.  What  particular  games,  fports,  cufloms,  proverbs,  or  peculiar  words  or 
phrafes,  or  names  of  places,  perfons,  animals,  vegetables,  or  things,  are  ufed  j  and 
what  notions  or  traditions  obtain  among  the  common  people  ? 

53.  Are  there,  in  any  of  the  gentlemen's  or  other  houfes,  any  pi£lures  which 
give  infight  into  any  hiflorical  fads,  or  any  portraits  of  men  eminent  in  art,  fcience, 
or  literature;  any  flatues,  buflos,  or  other  memorial,  which  will  give  any  light  to 
part  tranfadlions ;  or  what  manufcripts  in  any  language,  books  of  arms,  pedi':2;recs, 
lives,  fignatures,  patents,  diplomas,  perambulations,  furveys,  plans,  picfures,  or 
drawings,  of  any  perfons,  buildings,  or  views,  relating  to  the  parifli,  in  the  poffeffion 
of  any  perfon  in  the  parifli,  or  their  accpaintance  I 

54.  What  is  the  appearance  of  the  country  in  the  parifli  ;  is  it  flat  or  hilly, 
rocky,  or  mountainous,  open  or  inclofed  ;  and  the  terms  and  mode  of  modern  in- 
clofmg  ?  and  when  was  the  inclofure  made  ? 

55.  Do  the  lands  confift  of  woods,  arable,  paflure,  meadow,  heath,  or  what  ? 

56.  Are  they  fenny  or  moorifh,  boggy  or  firni^  fertile  or  barren  ? 

57.  Is  there  fand,  clay,  chalk,  flone,  gravel,  loam,  or  what  is  the  nature  of  the  foil  ? 

58.  What  pctrifa(flions  or  foflals  are  found  in  the  parifli,  and  in  v/hat  ftrata  ? 

59.  Are 


59"  •Are  there  any  mines  ?  to  whom  do  they  belong,  and  what  do  they  produce  ? 

60.  Are  there  any  mineral  fprings,  frequented  or  not ;  at  what  feafons  of  the  year 
reckoned  beft,  and  what  diflempers  are  tliey  frequented  for  ?  What  are  their  quu- 
JicieSj  virtues,  weight,  and  analyfis ;  and  what  cures  attefled  or  wrought  by  them  ? 

61.  Are  there  any  hot  waters  or  wells  for  bathing,  and  for  what  diflempers  fre- 
quented ?  any  wells  or  ftreams  formerly  accounted  holy  ? 

62.  Are  there  any  lakes,  meers,  pools,  or  water-falls;  what  their  depth  and 
height ;  where  do  they  rife,  and  whither  do  they  run  ? 

63.  What  is  the  proportion  of  arable,  and  meadow  or  paflure  ? 

6.;-.  What  arc  the  chief  produce  of  the  lands,  and  in  what  proportion  ? 

63.  What  is  the  general  price  paid  for  lands,  arable,  meadow,  paflure,  &c,?  What 
fort  of  manure  is  chiefly  ufed  for  the  land,  and  what  is  the  price  of  it  on  the  fpot  I 
What  are  the  methods  of  tillage ;  what  fort  of  ploughs  and  other  inflruments  of 
hufbandry  are  ufed  ?'  or  have  any  new  modes  of  cultivation  been  introduced  ? 

66.  What  trees  thrive  beft,  or  are  moft  common  ?  What  plants,  flirubs,  grains, 
Hiofles,  grall'es,  trees,  fruits,  flowers,  are  peculiar  or  moll  comm.on  ? 

67.  Is  the  parifh  remarkable  for  breeding  any  cattle  of  remarkable  qualities, 
colour,  fize,  value,  or  number,  and  how  fold  ?  with  other  general  obfervations. 

68.  W^hat  quantities  of  fliecp  are  raifed  or  fed;    and  what  is  their  chief  food  ? 

69.  What  is  the  nature  of  the  air?  is  it  moifl:  or  dry,  clear  or  foggy  ;  healthy, 
br  fubjefl  to  produce  agues,  fevers,  or  other  diforders  I  and  at  what  time  is  it 
reckoned  moll  fo,  and  by  what  probable  caufc? 

70.  What  are  the  kinds  of  birds,  infefts,  or  reptiles,  common  or  rare  ? 

71.  What  forts  of  fi!h  do  the  rivers  produce,  what  quantities,  what  are  their 
prices  on  the  ipot,  and  in  what  feafons  are  they  bed  ? 

72.  What  Itrange  accidents,  wonderful  events,  or  extraordinary  difeafes  and  cures, 
have  happened;  or  uncommon  deaths,  difcoveries  of  murder,  or  apparitions;  what 
legends  and  traditions  obtain  about  them,  or  what  their  atteflation  ? 

73.  Hath  there  been  any  remaikable  mifchicf  done  by  thunder  and  lightning, 
florms,  whirlwinds,  or  earthquakes  ?     Or  any  remarkable  phenomena  or  meteors  i* 

74.  To  thefc  Queriey,  as  applied  to  the  Town  of  Leicester,  any  farther  in- 
formation will  be  ufeful,  refpe^ing  its  ancient  or  modern  hiflory,  foundations, 
Hreets,  buildings,  walls,  gates,  churches,  wards,  parifhes,  charters,  privileges,  im- 
munities, companies,  gilds,  government,  trade,  manufactures,  fieges,  accidents  by 
lire  or  otherwife  ;  with  lilts  of  the  mayors,  recorders,  repief;ntatives  in  parliament 
for  the  town  and  county  ;  and,  as  far  as  any  of  thefe  particulars  are  applicable  to 
the  other  market  towns,  or  to  any  of  the  larger  villages  in  the  county,  the  fame 
luFormation  is  alfo  requefled. 

*.^^  The  object  in  propofing  the  above  Queries  is,  to  obtain,  wherever  it  is  pof- 
fible,  the  fuUeit  information  towards  completing  "  The  Hiftory  and  Antiquities  of 
"  the  County  of  Leicester."  It  is  therefore  hoped,  that  gentlemen  will  com- 
municate fuch  particulars  as  may  occur  to  them,  on  all  or  any  part  of  the  heads 
here  fpecified ;  and  their  favours  fhall  be  thankfully  acknowledged,  if  addrclTed 
to  J.  Nichols,  either  at  his  iVinting-olTice,  at  Cicero's  Head,  Jied-Lion-Pqffaj^e, 
fUet-Sinct  i  or  at  Mr.  Tkrosby's  Coffee-Room  in  Lekejier. 


BIBLIOTHECA 

TOPOGRAPHICA 

B      R      I      T      A      N      N      I      G      A. 

N"  III. 

CONTAINING 

A      description:  ^ 

0  F 

THE  C      H      A      N      O      N      R      Y 

1  N 

O     L     D       A     B     E     R     D     E     E     N.\ 

In  the  Years  1724  and  1725; 
By  William  Orem,  Town-Clerk  of  Aberdeen; 


L    O     N    D    O    K, 
PRINTED    BY    AND    FOR    J.    NICHOLS, 
PRINTER    TO    THE    SOCIETY     OF    ANTIQJLJARIES:: 
AND  SOLD  BY  ALL  THE  BOOKSELLERS  IN  GREAT-BRITAIN  AND  IRELANI^.f- 

MDCCLXXXn, 


A   .    ^i   n   T   o   I   .i   a   I   a 


U 


MONG  the  various  Labours  of  Literary' Men,   there  have 
ahvays  been  certain  Fragments  vvhofe  Size  could  not  fecure 


A 

t^iem  ai-generalr  Exeniption  f):om  the  Wreck  of  Time,  which 
their  intnnfic  Merit  Entitled  'them  t-6^furviv^ ;  but,  having  been 
gathered  up  by  the  Curious,  or  thrown  into  Mifcellaneous  Col- 
lections by  Bookfellers,  they  have  been  recalled  into  Exiftence, 
and  by  uniting  together  haW  d^j^nded  themfelves  from  Ob- 
livion. Original  Pieces  have  been  called  in  to  their  Aid,  and 
formed  a  Phalanx  that  might  withftand  every  Attack  from  the 
Critic  to  the  Cheefemonger,-  and  contributed  to  the  Ornament 
as  well  as  Value  of  Libraries. 

With  a  fimilat- vi'ewi'it'ls  here  intended  t9  pfefent  the  Pub- 
lick  with  fome  valuable  Articles  of  British  Topography, 
from  printed  Books  and  MSS.  One  Part  of  this  Collection  will 
conffff  of  Republications  of  fcarce  and  curious  Tradts  ;  another 
of  fuch  MS.  Papers  as  the  Editors  are  already  polieffed  of,  or 
may  receive  from  their  Friend's. 

It  is  therefore  propofe<l  to  publifli  a  Number  .occafionally, 
not  confined  to  theTame  Price  or  Quantity  of  Sheet-S3  nor -always 
adorned  with  Cuts ;  but  paged  in  fuch  a  Manner,  that  the  ge- 
neral Articles,  or  th'ofc  belonguig  to  the  refi5e(51:ive  Counties, 
may  form  a  feparate  Succeflion,  if  there  fliould  be  enough  pub- 
hlhed,  to  bind  in  fuitable  ClaiTes;  and  each  Trad;  will  be  com- 
pleted in  a  lingle  Number. 

hito  this  Colledioh  all  Communications  confiftent  with  the 
Plan  will  be  received  with  Thanks.  And  as  no  Correfpondent 
will  be  denied  the  Privilege  of  controverting  the  Opinions  of 
another,  fo  none  will  be  denied  Admittance  without  a  fair  and 
impartial  Realbn. 


9 


A      DESCRIPTION 

OF 

THE  C      H      A      N     O      N      R      Y 

I    N. 

OLD       ABERDEEN 

TOGETHER 

With  many  curious,  entertaining,  and  pleafant  Remarks  on  the  faid  Town,  &c. 
By  William  Orem,  Town-Clerk  of  Aberdeen. 

Written  in  the  Years  1724  and  17255 
With  a  few  occafional  Corre£lions  made  by  the  Author  in  1726,  1727,  and  1728. 


A    2 


[      5       3 


R      E      F      A      C      E. 


THE  author  of  the    following  Defcription  of  Aberdeen  was 
William  Orem,  town-clerk  of  that  city  about   1725;   fooii 
after  which   time  he  died.      Copies  of  his  MS.  are  in  various 
hands.      One  in  the  library  of  King's  college  there  confilts  of  21  2 
8vo.  pages.    *'  It  comprehends  a  great  many  mifcellaneous  articles 
**  relating  to  the  cathedral  and  bifliop's  palace,  and  the  manfes  of 
*' the  prebends.     At  p.  107,  we  have  an  inventory  of  the  lilver 
**  plate  and  veftments  belonging  to  the  cathedral,  as  delivered  out 
*'  by  William  Gordon  the  laft  Roman  catholic  billiop,  to  be  kept  in 
"  the  cuftody  of  private  gentlemen,  under  an  obligation  to  reltore 
*' them,  July   17,  1559.      The  plate  amounts  to  io81b.  8oz.  * 
"  The  fecond  part  contains  91  pages  of  the  fame  clofe  hand,  and  is 
**  intitled   *  A  larger,   more  exadt,  and  genuine  account  of  the 
*'  Univerfity  of  King's  college  of  Aberdeen.'     At   p.    39   is  in- 
*'  ferted  an  inventory  in  Latin  of  the  plate  and  veftments  belong- 
*'  ing  to  the  college  chapel,  of  the  arras  and  furniture  in  the  hall 
*'  and  chambers,  the  bells  in  the  fteeple,  Sec.  taken  at  a  vifitatioii 
*'  by  the  re6lor,  James  Strachan,  parfon  of  Bclhelvie,  i  542  t ;  to 
*'  which  is  fubjoined  a  curious  note  of  the  arms  belonging  to  the 
"  college  in  the  Scottilli  language  t." 

*  See  p.  6£.  -f  See  p.  142,  it  Brit.  Topog.  II.  64^, 

Tlie 


ii  PREFACE. 

The  prefent  work  was  printed  from  a  tranfcript  in  360  duode- 
cimo pages,  made  by  James  E)a]garno,  furgeon  and  apothecary  at 
Aberdeen,  who  had  been  educated  at  King's  college,  but  through 
indolence  and  negledt  of  bufinefs  was  reduced  at  the  age  of  60  to 
fubfift  on  the  kindnefs  of  his  friends.  Of  him  Mr.  Gougb,  Vvhen 
he  vifited  Aberdeen  in  i'77 1,  piirchafed  the  MS.  If  it  fliould  be 
fouftd  to  diffef  materiaily  from  thofe  in  other  hands,  the  Editor 
hopes  for  the  favour  of  collations  from  the  feveral  proprietors. 

As  this  tra^t,  being  principally  confined  to  the  Bifhoprick, 
Monaftery,  and  Colleges  of  Aberdeen,  may  be  confidered  ra- 
ther as  the  ecclefiaftical  than  the  civil  hillory  of  the  place;  we 
flatter  oiirfelves  fome  native  may  be  excited  to  continue  Mr. 
Orem's  plan,  and  tranfmit  to  us  materials  for  a  Second  Part  of  this 
work,  which,  by  the  help  of  "  The  defcription  of  Aberdeenfhire 
"  by  Sir  Samuel  Forbes  of  Foveran'-'^;"  defcription  of  Aberdeen  an- 
nexed to  James  Barclay's  "  Memorials  for  governing  of  royal 
*'  burghs  in  Scotland,  1685,"  13";  and  William  Barclay  on  the 
mineral  waters  difcovered  here,  compared  with  an  older  eflay  on 
the  fame  waters,  might  form  a  connected  civil  and  natural  hiftory 
of  this  place. 

Mr.  Pennant  celebrates  Aberdeen  as  a  fine  city,  extenfive,  popu- 
lous, induftrious  in  a  flocking  and  thread  manufacture,  and  a  fal- 
mon  filliery.  Old  Aberdeen,  about  a  mile  North  of  the  other,  is 
a  poor  town,  having  nothing  but  the  cathedral  and  college  to 
dirtinguiili  it  or  give  it  confc(]ucnce.  "  The  epifcopal  cities  of 
"  Scotland,"  fays  Dr.  Johnlbnl,  "  I  believe  generally  fell  with  their 
"  churches,  tho'  fome  of  them  have  been  recovered  by  a  lituatioii 
"  convenient  for  commerce.  Thus  Glafgow,  though  it  has  no 
"  longer  an  archbiQiop,  has  rifen  beyond  its  original  ftate,  by  the 
"  opulence  of  its  traders ;  and  Aberdeen,  though  its  ancient  flock 
"  has  decayed,  flouriflies  by  a  new  Ihoot  in  another  place." 

*  See  Brit.  Top.  II.  642.  -j-  Tour,  49. 

While 


p.     R     E      F      A     C      E.  iii 

^  '  While  the  Englifh  Univerfities  carry  their  antiquity  ahiioft,  bc- 
•^on  (It  he  date  of  Learning  itlelf  in  that  kingdom,  Scotlaiid  had  nq- 
'tMrig  on  that  general  phm  till  the  beginning  of  the  15th  century. 
The  Univcdity  of  St.  Andrew's  was  founded  1411,  that  at  Glas- 
gow 145.2..  Bifliop  Elphingfton's  foundation  at  Old  Aberdeen 
wds  third 'to  thefe  in  order  of  time,  and  was  imitated  a  century  after 
by  George  Earl  Marlhall.  Thefe,  though  ftyled  colleges,  arc,  as 
TDb  'jbhnfon  obferves,  "  in  llrii5ter  language,  each  an  univerfity ; 
"  for  in  both  there  are  profellbrs  of  the  fame  j^arts  of  learning, 
"  and  the  colleges  hold  their  feflionsand  confer  degrees  feparately, 
*^  with  total  independence  of  one  on  the  other. 

"  In  Old  Aberdeen  ft ands  the  King's  college,  of  \vhich  the  firil 
*'  prefident  was  HeBor  Boece^  or  Boetbius,  who  may  be  juftly  re- 
"  verenced  as  one  of  the  revivers  of  elegant  learning.  When 
*'  he  ftudied  at  Paris,  he  was  acquainted  with  Erafmus^  who  after- 
*'  wards  gave  him  a  public  teftimony  of  his  efteem,  by  infcribing 
*'  to  him  a  catalogue  of  his  w^orks.  The  ftyle  of  Boethius,  though, 
*'  perhaps,  not  always  rigoroufly  pure,  is  formed  with  great  dili- 
*'  gence  upon  ancient  models,  and  wholly  uninfecffed  with  mo- 
"  naftic  barbarity.  His  hiftory  is  written  with  elegance  and 
"  vigour,  but  his  fabuloufnefs  and  credulity  are  juftly  blamed. 
"  His  fabuloufnefs,  if  he  was  the  author  of  the  fictions,  is  a  fault 
"  for  which  no  apology  can  be  made ;  but  his  credulity  may  be 
*'  excufed  in  an  age  when  all  men  were  credulous.  Learning 
"  was  then  riling  on  the  world ;  but  ages,  fo  long  accuftomed  to 
*'  darknefs,  were  too  much  dazzled  with  its  light  to  fee  any  thing 
*'  diftindlly.  The  firft  race  of  fcholars,  in  the  fifteenth  century, 
*^  and  fome  time  after,  were,  for  the  moft  part,  learning  to  fpeak 
"  rather  than  to  think,  and  were  therefore  more  ftudious  of  ele- 
*'  gance  than  of  truth.  The  contemporaries  of  Boethius  thought 
*<  it  fufiicicnt  to  know  what  the  ancients  had  delivered.  The 
"  examination  of  tenets  and  of  fads  was  refer ved  for  another  ge- 
"  Deration. 

"  Boethius. 


ir  PREFACE. 

*«  Boethius,  as  prelident  of  the  univerfity,  enjoyed  a  revenue 
*'  of  forty  Scottifh  marks,  about  two  pounds  four  fhillings  and  fix 
*'  pence  of  fterling  money.  In  the  prefent  age  of  trade  and  taxes, 
*'  it  is  difficult  even  for  the  imagination  fo  to  raife  the  value  of 
*'  money,  or  fo  to  diminilli  the  demands  of  life,  as  to  fuppofe  four 
"  and  forty  ffiillings  a  year  an  honourable  ftipend;  yet  it  was 
*'  probably  equal,  not  only  to  the  needs,  but  to  the  rank  of  Boe- 
*'  thius.  The  w^ealth  of  England  was  undoubtedly  to  that  of 
*'  Scotland  more  than  five  to  one  ;  and  it  is  known  that  Henry  the 
**  Eighth,  among  whofe  faults  avarice  was  never  reckoned,  granted 
"  to  Roger  Afcham,  as  a  reward  of  his  learning,  a  penfion  of  ten 
**  pounds  a  year. 

"  The  other,  called  the  Marifchal  college,  is  in  the  new  town. 
*'  The  hall  is  large  and  well  lighted.  One  of  its  ornaments  is  the 
♦*  pidture  of  Arthur  Johnfon,  who  was  principal  of  the  college,  and 
*'  who  holds  among  the  Latin  poets  of  Scotland  the  next  place  to 
**  the  elegant  Buchanan. 

"  In  both  thefe  colleges  the  methods  of  inftrudlion  are  nearly 
**  the  fame;  the  ledtures  differing  only  by  the  accidental  difference 
*'  of  diligence  or  ability  in  the  profeflbrs.  The  ftudents  wear 
**  fcarlet  gowns,  and  the  profefTors  black ;  which  is,  I  believe,  the 
**  academical  drefs  in  all  the  Scottiih  univerfities,  except  that  of 
"  Edinburgh,  where  the  fcholars  are  not  diftinguiflied  by  any 
"  particular  habit.  In  the  King's  college  there  is  kept  a  public 
**  table,  but  the  fcholars  of  the  Marifchal  college  are  boarded  in 
**  the  town.  The  expence  of  living  is  here,  according  to  the  in- 
**  formation  that  I  could  obtain,  Ibmewhat  more  than  at  St.  An- 
"  drew's. 

*'  The  courfe  of  education  is  extended  to  four  years,  at  the  end 
*'  of  which  thofe  who  take  a  degree,  who  are  not  many,  become 
"  mailers  of  arts,  and  whoever  is  a  mailer  may,  if  he  pleafes,  im- 
**  mediately  become  a  do6lor.     The  title  of  do(5lor,  however,  was 

"  for 


PREFACE.  V 

^^  for  a  confiderable  time  beftowtd  only  on  pbyficians.  The  ad- 
"  vocates  are  examined  and  approved  by  their  own  body ;  the 
"  minirters  were  not  ambitious  of  titles,  or  were  afraid  of  beinz 
*'  cenfured  for  ambition;  and  the  doftorate  in  every  faculty  was 
"  commonly  given  or  fold  into  other  countries.  The  miniflcrs 
"  are  now  reconciled  to  diitindion,  and  as  it  muft  always  happen 
*'  that  fome  will  excel  others,  have  thought  graduation  a  proper 
"  teltimony  of  uncommon  abilities  or  acquifitions. 

"  The  indifcriminate  collation  of  degrees  has  juitly  taken  away 
"  that  refpe6t  which  they  originally  claimed  as  ftamps  by  which 
*'  the  literary  value  of  men  fo  diftinguiilied  was  authoritatively 
"  denoted.  That  academical  honours,  or  any  others,  fliould  be 
*'  conferred  with  exaft  proportion  to  merit,  is  more  than  human 
"  judgment  or  human  integrity  have  given  reafon  to  expedt.  Per- 
"  haps  degrees  in  univerfities  cannot  be  better  adj  ailed  by  any  ge- 
"  neral  rule  than  by  the  length  of  time  pafled  in  the  public  pro- 
"  feffion  of  learning.  An  Englifh  or  Irifli  doitorate  cannot  be 
"  obtained  by  a  very  young  mon,  and  it  is  reafonablc  to  fuppofe, 
"  what  is  likewife  by  experience  commonly  found  true,  that  he 
"  who  is  by  age  qualified  to  be  a  do(ftor,  has  in  fo  much  time 
"  gained  learning  fufficient  not  to  difgrace  the  title,  or  wit  fufiici- 
"  ent  not  to  defire  it. 

"  The  Scotch  univerfities  hold  but  one  term  or  feffion  in  the 
"  year.  That  of  St.  Andrew's  continues  eight  months,  that  of 
*'  Aberdeen  only  five,  from  the  firit  of  November  to  the  firfl  of 
"  April." 

Boethius,  befides  the  "  copious  and  florid  but  credulous"  Hiftory 
of  Scotland*,  wrote  alfo  in  Latin  the  lives  of  the  bifnops  of 
Murthlac  and  Aberdeen,  printed  at  Paris  by  Badius  Afcenfius, 
1522,  4to.  from  which  we  have  extra6ted  the  life  of  bifliop  El- 

^    llobcrtfon's  lUfl;.  of  Scotl.  I.  5. 

b  phinflon, 


VI  PREFACE. 

phinfton,  fubjoined  hereto  as  containing  a  fuccindl  account  of  his 
foundation  here,  by  a  contemporary. 

The  firft  book  printed  in  Scotland  is  fuppofed  to  be  *'  Brevi- 
^*  arium  ad  ufum  &  confuetudinem  percelebris  ecclefia^  cathedrahs 
"  Abredonenfis  in  Scotia,   regnante  Jacobo  IV.   principe   noilro 
'*  fereniffimo,  divina  favente  dementia  Scotorum  rege  ilhiftriflimo, 
"  imperii  fui  anno  viceflimo  fecundo  [anno  fciUcet  Ghrirti  1509],. 
"prohyemaU  parte  feUciterfumit  exordium.      Ejufdem  breviarii 
"  pars  aeftivahs,   per  reverendum  in  Chrifto  patrem  Wilelmum^ 
"  Abirdon.  epifcopum,  ftudiofius,  maximifque  cum  laboribus  col- 
*'  le6t.  non  fohuii  ad  ecclefiee  fuse  Abirdonenfis,  verum  etiam  ad 
"  totiusecclefioe  Scoticanoe  ufum  percelebrem  :  oppidoEdinburgenfi 
"  impreffa,  juffu  8c  impenfis  honorabiUs  viri  Walteri  Chapman, 
*'  ejufdem  oppidi  mercatoris,  quarto  die  menfis  Juhi,  anno  Domini 
*'  millefimo    ccccc    decimo."     Each  vohmie  confining  of  two 
parts*.      Both    parts   in   the  Advocates'  hbrary.      Both  vohimes 
want  the  title  pages,    befides  fome  leaves  or  flieets  in  the  middle 
of  each,   but  the  firft  is  more  defecStive  than  the   fecond :   at  the 
end  of  the  latter  is  the  annexed  colophon;   the  words  in  Italic  are 
printed  in  red  ink  in  the  original.     "  Laus  Deo,  cujus  gracia  finis 
*'  adeft  prefenti  opufculo  ejlivalis  partis  breviarii  divinorum  ofiici- 
"  orum  de  tempore  et  de  fanctis :   ac  T)avitko  pfalterio  congruenter 
*«  per  ferias  divifo:   cum  invitatoriis,  hymnh^  antiphonis,  capitulis, 
''  refponforiis,  non  communi  fan6>orum,  plurimarum  virginum  et 
"  matronarum  cum  kalendario  et  mobilium  feftorum  tabula  per- 
*■'•  petua  :  cum  diverforum  faniftornm  legendis,   que  antca  fparfim 
"  vagabantur;  et  nonnullis  aliis  adjun(ftis  facerdotibus  quam  ne- 
"  celTariis,  -^gv  reverendum  in  Chrifto  patrem  Wilebmmi  Aberdonen- 
"  ^^m.  epifcopum  ftudiofius  maximifque  cum  laboribus  colledis,  non 
"  folum  ad  ecclefie  fue  Mirdonenjis,  verum  eciam  ad  tocius  ecclefie 

*  Ames's  Hillory  of  Piinting,  p.  573. 

"  Scoticane 


PREFACE..  vii 

**  Scoticane  ufum  percelebrem.  Opido  Edinburgenfi  imprefTo 
"  juflii  et  impenfis  honorabilis  viri  JValteri  Cbepman^  ejufdem 
*'  opidi  mercatohs,  quarto  die  menfis  Junii,  anno  Domini  mil- 
*'  lefimo  CCCCC.  decimo."  On  the  back  of  this  page  there  is 
a  curious  wooden  print*  reprefenting  two  favages  at  full  length; 
their  heads  are  adorned  with  flowers,  and  they  have  in  their 
hands  flower  flalks ;  their  bodies  are  clothed  with  fkins  of  wild 
bcafts,  with  a  girdle  of  flowers;  and  their  legs  bare  from  the 
ancle  downward.  Betwixt  thefe  two  figures  ftands  a  tree,  upon 
which  is  fufpended  a  fliield  Sublet  with  W.  and  G.  in  cypher 
Argent:  at  the  bottom  between  two  black  lines  are  thefe  two 
words,  "  +  Walterus  +  chepman  S." 

In  the  library  of  King's  college  here  J  is  a  fair  original  char- 
tulary  from  the  foundation  of  the  fee  to  the  laft  catholic  bifliop : 
alfo  original  regifters  of  the  cathedral  plate,  Sec.  the  flatutes  of 
the  church;  and  "  Statuta  generalis  ecclefiae  Scoticane;"  out 
of  all   which   Dr.  Jamefon  compiled  a  *'  Ghartularium  eccleflae 

*  This  would  feeni  to  prove  that  the  art  of  printing  was  firfl:  introduced  into 
Scotland  fronri  France,  and  probably  the  types,  &c.  came  from  thence  j  for  this 
kind  of  device  was  at  time  peculiar  to  the  French  printers. 

•f-  This  cut  agrees  with  Pigouchet's  Salifbury  and  Rouen  Heures,  except  in  the 
cypher. 

X  Nicolf.  Sc.  H.  Lib.  p.2i  I.  213.216.  In  the  fame  library  is  a  copy  in  above  1000 
folio  pages  of  Spalding's  Hiflory  of  Scotland.  It  begins  1624  and  ends  1645.  The 
author  was  commilfary-clerk  of  Aberdeen,  and  has  taken  pains  to  commit  to  writino^ 
as  he  received  them  fuch  accounts  of  the  public  tranfadions  as  he  could  obtain  in 
that  remote  corner.  They  are  greatly  milreprefented ;  but  the  greater  and  more 
valuable  part  of  the  book  relates  to  the  particular  occurrence?  in  Aberc'cenfliiie  and 
the  neighbouring  counties,  which  reprcfent  in  a  ftrong  light  the  fermentations  that 
prevailed  in  the  minds  of  their  ancellors,  and  the  barbaritv  of  their  manners. 
Spalding  is  a  royaJift,  but  fpeaks  with  great  candour  of  the  oppofite  party,  and  with 
particular  refpeft  of  fome  covenanting  minifters,  whom  he  extolls  as  good  preacja- 
ers :  but  of  Mr.  Andrew  Cant,  and  the  prcfliyterian  clergy  in  general,  he  loves  to 
tell  every  prejudice  he  can.  The  ftylc  is  vulgar,  but  has  merit.  The  account  of 
Montrofe's  expeditions,  and  of  the  family  of  Huntley,  might  furnifli  matter  for  na- 
tional hiftory.  The  original  is  in  the  hands  of  lord  F'orbcs.  Sir  James  .Pvcid  of 
Barra  had  another  copy. 

b   2  "  Aber- 


^iii  PREFACE. 

"  Aberdonenfis,"  of  which  bifliop  Nicolfon,  who  fuw  the  MS.  in 
the  hands  of  Mr.  Tliomas  Innes,  has  given  an  abftradt. 

Mr.  Ogilvie,  profeflbr  of  Humanity  there,  favoured  Mr.  Gough 
with  the  following  account  of  it.  It  con  fills  of  91  leaves,  and 
contains,  "  i.  Conftitutiones  ecclefie  Abbyrdonenfis  apoftolica 
autoritate  per  rcverendum  in  Chrifto  fratrem,  colendiilimumq; 
virum  magiftrum  Patricium  de  Ramfay,  didtos  ecclefiae  quondam 
pontificem,  editae  anno  1256."  Thefe  are  followed  by  the  novel 
conftitutions  of  billiop  Cheyne,  and  others,  intermixed  with 
charters  of  donations  from  the  earls  of  Mar  and  fome  Scottifli 
kings,  making  in  all  34  folio  pages.  "  2.  Thefauraria  ecclefias 
"  cathedralis  Abberdonenfis,  24  Aprilis,  perdecanum  8c  capitulum 
*'  ejufdem  reperta  8c  vifitata  A.  D.  millefimo  quingentefimo  decimo 
*'  o<ftavo.  3.  Exemplaria  cartarum  infeodationis  8c  fundationis 
*'  ecclefie  8c  epifcopatus  Murchlaienfis  &c  Aberdonenfis."  The 
firft  five  charters  are,  one  by  Malcolm  II.  one  by  David  I.  and 
three  by  Malcolm  IV.  In  all  thefe  the  place,  day  of  the  month, 
and  year  of  the  king's  reign,  are  marked  at  length:  four  are 
figned  fe/?e  meip/o,  and  one  of  Malcolm  IV.  teje  meipfo  ^  Ed- 
wardo  cancellario^  WiUelmo  camerario  &'  micltis  aliis.  Thefe 
particulars  do  not  agree  with  any  other  charters  of  thefe  kings 
which  Mr.  Ogilvie  has  feen.  Other  charters  of  fubfequent  kings 
follow,  and  among  them  "  Preceptum  regis  Roberti  (II.)  aldar- 
"  mano  de  Abberdyn  fuper  obfervationem  libertatum  antiquarum 
"  epifcopi  8c  ecclefie  Aberdonenfis  in  portu  mari  8c  terra."  4.  Li- 
"  mites  terrarum,  or  a  collection  of  charters  of  marches  of  the 
"  bifliops  land.  5.  De  ordinatione  chori  ecclefie  cathedralis  Ab- 
*'  berdonenfis."  There  is  another  charter  of  this  houfe  in  the 
Advocates'  library. 

"  Inventarium  jocalium  auri  8c  argenti,  nee  non  aliorum  orna- 
"  mentorum  ecclefie  cathedralis  Aberdonenfis  \>xo  divino  officio 
•*  intra  eandem  dcputatorum  8c  ordiuatorum  tam  in  cappis,  cafulis, 

"  dalmaticis. 


PREFACE. 


IX 


"  dalmaticis,  ex  auro  textili  Sc  holeferico,  ac  variis  eneis  ad  altaris 
*'  cjurdem  ad  decorem  domiis  Dei  airignatorum,  per  venerabilem 
"  virum  magiftrum  Alexandrum  Galloway,  ejufdem  ecdefie  can- 
"  nonicum  ac  prebendarium  a  Kynkyl  in  eadem,  inftantia  &:  fup- 
*'  plicatione  capituli  dicte  ecclefie  cannonicorum  ejufdem  pro  tem- 
*'  pore  reprefentantiiim  ecclefiam  apud  cannoniam  Aberdonenfis ; 
"  idibus  Januarii,  anno  a  Chrillo  nato  nono  &:  quadragefimo  fupra 
"  millefimum  Sc  quingentefimum  poll:  redemptionem  eorundem 
*'  de  manibus  quondam  Jacobi  Forbes  a  Gorfinda,  ruorumque  fa- 
*' tellitum  raptor  am."  MS.  on  parchment,  44  leaves;   from  all  of 
which  fome  former   writing  has  been  erafed.      hi  King's  college 
library.      From   a    narrative    fubjoined    it    appears    that    billiop 
Stewart,  alarmed  by  the  tumults  of  the  times,  1544,   meant  to 
fend  the  jewels,  plate,    and  vellments  belonging  to  his  cathedral 
into  the  country  to  be  concealed,   referving  only  fix  chalices;  but 
as  his  fervants  w^ere  conveying  them  away,  they  w'ere  violently 
feized  a  little  beyond  the  bridge  of  Don   by  James    Forbes   of 
Gorfindae,  who  detained  them  till  the  billiop  ranfomed  them  for 
Coomerks:   nor  was  complete  reftitution  then  made.      A  lift  of 
12  pieces  of  plate  detained  and  applied  to  profane  ufes  is  added 
in  the  Scottilli  language  *. 

We  have  prefixed  a  furvey  of  Old  and  New  Aberdeen,  with 
the  adjacent  country  between  the  two  rivers  Dee  and  Don.  By 
G.  and  W.  Paterfon.  The  original  plate  infcribed  to  Duncan 
Forbes,  Efq.  Prefident  of  Selfion  in  Scotland,  lay  buried  among  the 
accumulations  of  J.  Millan's  fhopat  Whitehall  from  the  year  1746, 
when  it  was  firlt  engraved,  to  the  prefent  fummer  when  we 
purchafed  it  among  others  at  the  fale  of  his  prints  and  copper- 
plates t. 


*  Brit.  Topog.  II.  643 — 646: 

'^  Single  imprellions  of  it  may  be  had  at  our  Publilhsr's,  price  one  fliilling. 


TH£. 


C         X         ]  f 


THE        L     I     F     E        O     F 

WILLIAM    ELPHINSTON, 

Bishop     of     Aberdeen; 


Tranflated  from    Hector  Boethius'   Lives  of  the  Bifliops  of 

MuRTHLAC  and  Aberdeen. 


|N  the  tranflation  of  bifhop  Robert  to  Glafgow,  William  El- 
PHINSTON  was  appointed  to  fucceed  him  by  the  univerfal  con- 
feiit  and  wifli :  a  man  whom  one  may  without  hefitation  pronounce 
the  moft  experienced  of  his  contemporaries;  whofe  Hfe  I  fliall 
here  attempt  to  dehneate;  and  though  my  flyle  may  feem  ill  fuited 
to  my  fubje<5t5  yet  I  truft  the  fidelity  of  my  narrative  will  not  be 
called  in  queftion,  as  we  are  molf  of  vis  well  acquainted  with  his 
condutft,  both  civil  and  religious.  We  have  feen  a  man  whofe  ex- 
cellent charadler  will  make  us  rejoice  in  the  contemplation  of  it, 
and  give  moft  hearty  thanks  to  Almighty  God  fo  long  as  we  live. 
This  man  is  the  fubjecfl  of  our  prefent  work. 

He  was  born  in  the  famous  city  of  Glafgow,  celebrated  for  its 
Univerfity,  and  defcended  from  the  ancient  family  of  Elphinfton. 
When  he  was  fcarce  four  years  old  he  happened  to  be  miffing  by 
the  carelefsnefs  of  thole  who  looked  after  him ;  he  was  found  after 
fome  fearch  in  the  inmoft  chapel  of  the  cathedral  at  Glafgow,  prof- 
trate  before  an  image  of  the  Virgin,  and  it  was  not  without  much 

difficulty 


C     xi     ] 

difficulty  and  much  childifli  crying  and  tears,  they  could  get  him 
away  home;  fo  great  was  his  defire  to  contemplate  the  image,  that 
it  was  by  many  coniidered  as  an  omen  of  future  devotion  to  the 
Holy  Virgin.      At  the  age  of  feven  he  w'as  committed  to  the  ableft 
mail:ers,    to  be  inftru6led  in  good  morals  and  learning.      After 
fome   application    to  grammar,   he  Ihewed  a  capacity  furpaffing 
his  years,  and  made  fuch  a  proficiency  that  he  early  difcovered 
what  was  to  be  expected  from  him,  and  gave  the  moft  flattering 
hopes.      The  Bifliop  of  Glafgow  was  fo  charmed  with  the  lad's 
difpofition,  that  he  would  never  fit  down  to  fupper  till  he  had  fent 
for  William,  and  heard  him  repeat  fome  fentences  or  verfes.  Every 
one  was  delighted  with  his  behaviour,  capacity,  and  perfon,  which 
were  all  fo  engaging,  that  the  opening  feeds  of  learning  and  vir- 
tue became  very  confpicuous  in  him,  and  rendered  him  agreeable 
to  all.      I  cannot  here  CKnit  a  circumftance  which  happened  to 
him.  when  a  boy.      He  dreamed  that  he  was  on  his  knees  before 
the  Virgin,  as  was  his  conflant  practice  when  awake,  and  that  he 
was  earneftly  intreating  her  favour  that  he  might  never  willingly 
fall  under  the  impreffion  of  any  criminal  or  mean  principle,  but 
pafs  his  whole  life  in  tranquillity  and  holinefs.      The  Virgin  an- 
fvvered  him,   "   Apply  yourfelf  wholly  to  virtuous  practice ;   and^ 
when  you  attain  the  pontifical  dignity  for  which  I  intend  you,, 
take  care  of  the  Chriftian  religion,  and  repair  my  temples."      His 
tutor  hearing  the  boy  groan  in  his  lleep,   wSked  him,  and  afked 
what  was  the  matter  with  him :   the  lad  having  with  difficulty  told 
him  w'hat  had  happened,  the  other  with  his  ulual  prudence  and 
tendernefs  bid  him  dry  up  his  tears,  fay  nothing  of  the  matter, 
apply  himfelf  to  virtuous  purfuits,  and  lay  no  ftrefs  on  dreams: 
at  the  fame  time   revolving  in  his  (nvn  mind  fome  great  event 
likely  to  befall  his  pupil.      In  his  early  years  he  was  fond  of  tran- 
quillity and  filence,  affable  and  obedient  to  his  infiru(51:ors  and  fa- 
miliars; {o  that  it  was  eafy  to  difoernthe  feeds  of  his  future  con.- 
I  Ifancy 


[        xii        ] 

ilancy  and  magnanimity ;  yet  the  earlier  part  of  his  Hfe  paiTcd  in 
Itudies  not  fufficiently  iuitable  to  fuch  a  genius.  When  he  had 
attained  his  20th  year,  he  apphed  himielf  to  logic  and  metaphy- 
fics,  in  which  he  made  fuch  a  progrefs  that  he  foon  furpafled  his 
equals.  When  he  had  completed  his  philofophical  itudies,  and 
arrived  at  the  age  of  25,  he  took  his  Mailer's  degree  in  Arts,  and 
was  ordained  prielt.  He  was  taken  off  his  iludies  for  fome  years 
by'his  parents,  not  only  on  account:  of  his  health,  but  to  look  after 
their  affairs,  which  he  did  with  incredible  application  and  readinefs, 
and  gained  the  good-will  of  all.  Though  he  feemed  born  princi- 
pally for  learning,  he  fliewed  his  capacity  not  lefs  adapted  to  fami- 
ly and  civil  concerns,  and  his  friends  entertained  equal  hopes  of  his 
learning  and  prudence.  But  foon  defpillng  the  condu6l  of  a  family, 
afpiring  yet  modeftly  to  a  higher  reputation  he  applied  himfelf  to 
the  i^udy  of  canon  law,  and  attended  the  moif  approved  profeifors 
in  the  Univerfity  of  Glafgow.  He  next  applied  himfelf  to  the  prac- 
tice of  the  courts,  and  Ihewed  himfelf  ilridlly  attentive  to  jullice 
and  truth,  a  fevei^e  cenfor  of  injuilice,  and  rigid  patron  of  equity, 
and  was  efteemed  the  advocate  general  where  he  pleaded  the 
caufe  of  the  poor  and  wretched.  But  either  at  the  follicitation  of 
his  friends  or  from  a  too  modeft  opinion  of  his  own  abilities,  he 
retired  from  the  bar  into  the  country  to  digeft  at  leifure  the  va- 
rious lelfons  he  had  formerly  received  from  his  different  in- 
ifrudors.  He  fpent  four  years  on  the  care  of  St.  Michael's  churchy 
which  had  been  conferred  on  him,  as  I  may  fay,  by  his  parifli- 
ioners.  In  this  retreat  he  was  never  idle  or  inailive;  not  a  lingle 
liiour  pafTed  in  which  he  was  not  writing,  didating,  or  making  ex:* 
trads;  and  his  wdiole  time  by  day  and  night  was  divided  between 
ifudy  and  prayer.  His  life  was  fuch  as  every  private  Chriilian 
ought  to  lead  :  Reading  and  prayer  fucceeding  each  other  in  con- 
ftant  regularity. 

But 


i      Kill       ] 

But  as  he  was  born  to  greater  things  he  ceuld  not  long  cantin\ie 
to  lead  a  private  hfc.      His  uncle  Laurence  Elpbinitone,    an   ex- 
cellent man,  recalled  kini  to  Glalgovv,  \\ith  a  'icvere  rebuke  for 
fiifteri ng  Ihch  an  a6live  genius  Co  calculated  to  promote  the  honor 
and  advantage  of  his  family  to   remain   unimproved  in  any  in- 
Itance  :   ad<ling  that  he  ihould  go  to  a  diftance  from  his  country . 
and  his  friends  to  improve  himfelf  in  foreign  manners  and  learn- 
ing if  he  had  any  ambition;  that  honor  and  dignity  would  arllb 
from  his  labors,   and  frefn  acceflion  of  knowledge  from  his  tra- 
vels :    and  that  he    would   be  anfwerable  for  all  his  expences. 
This  advice  had  the  defired  efFccft ;   William  fet  out  in  high  fpirits 
for  France.      He  went  to  Paris,  the  univerfity  of  which  was  then 
in  high  repute;   and  fuch  was  the  refult  of  his  application  there, 
that  his  former  advances  feemed  as  nothing  to  it:   what  he  heard 
from  the  profeffors  and  preachers  in  the  day  he  would  recite  bv 
himfelf  at  night.      Temperate  to  excefs  in  lleep  and  refrefliment, 
unwearied  in  his  application,  it  was   difficult  to  determine  whe- 
ther he  ftudicd  harder  by  day  or  by  night.      His  intenfenefs  was 
the  aftonifliment  of  Paris ;    nor  could  his  virtue   remain  long 
concealed.    He  was  foon  advanced  to  the  poft  of  firft  reader  of 
canon  law ;   a  poft  conferred  at  Paris  only  on  the  moft  learned 
in   both  branches  of  law.      Such  was  his   proficiency  here  alfo, 
fuch  his  diligence  in   explaining  the  facred  canons,  as  attracted 
the  eyes  of  all  the  ftudents  in  that  line,  and  he  was  heard  for  fix 
years  by  a  crouded  audience  with  greater  attention  than  any  of 
his  predeceffors.      At  the  end   of  this  period  after  he  took  his 
degree  in  the  decretals,  he  went  to  Orange,  where  he  fpent  fomc 
years  in   canvaffing  the  obfcure   and   difficult  parts  of  his  pro- 
felhon  with  the  profeffors  of  law  there,  who  were  efteemed  the 
moft  learned  of  their  time,  and  in  his   public  difcourfes  he  elu- 
cidated certain    propofitions  before  the  doctors  of  law   with  To 
much  pcrfpicuity  and  propriety  of  language  that  he  was  held  in^ 

C  univeriiil 


nniverfal  admiration,  refpect,  and  veneration.  His  name  ^vas  fo 
efteemed  among  the  magiilrates  of  France,  that  the  parhament 
of  Paris  frequently  confulted  him  in  determinations  of  impor- 
tance. He  maintained  ilich  a  reputation  among  the  great  per- 
fonages  of  that  kingdom,  that  their  eileem  for  him  daily  in- 
creaft,  and  with  it  the  number  of  his  agreeable  friends.  The 
chief  of  thefe  was  John  de  Ganai,  afterwards  high  chancellor  of 
France,  a  perfon  of  prime  learning  and  authority  at  that  time 
there.  The  warmefl  fricndfhip  fubUfted  between  them  to  the 
end  of  their  lives. 

William    was   now    recalled  by  his  parents   to   Scotland  \vith 
high  reputation  for  learning  and  eloquence.      Pie  paid  his   fail 
villt  to  the  bifliop  of  Glafgow,  who  was   an   admirable  patron  of 
learning  and    learned  men,   and  received   him  with  every   ex- 
preffion  of  eifeem  and  kindnels.      He  illuftrated  certain  intricate 
queftions  in  the  canon  law  in  a  public  difcourfe  pronounced  al- 
moft  extempore  in  fuch  a  manner  that  aftoniflied  both  the  bifliop 
and  his  clergy.      Thefe  qualifications  procured  him  to   be   ap- 
pointed official  of  GlafgoAv,  an  ofhce  to  which  was  an  next  a  very 
extenfive  power,   and  which   was  never  conferred  but  on  men 
of  eminent  learning.    William  adminiilered  this  office  with  won- 
derful  addrefs   and  impartial  juflice,  reftraining  litigious  claims 
inexorable  to  oppreffion  and   the  perverters  of  the  law;   having 
this  faying  always  in  his  mouth,  that  he  who  fpares  bad  men  is 
as  enemy  to  good  men.      By   this  means  he  laid  the  foundation 
of  his  future  greatnefs.      But  it  was  impoffible  to  conceal  fuch 
a  light  under   a  bufliel :    it  could  not  be  confined   within   the 
dirtricl:  of  Glafgow.      King  James   and  the  lords  of  the  kingdom 
invited  him  to  Edinburgh,  to  avail  themfelves  of  his   advice  in 
different  emergencies.  There  he  held  the  officialty  of  St.  Andrew 
w  ith  great  reputation.     He  had  not  long  after  the  honor  of  being- 
called  to  a  feat  among  the  privy  council^  where  he  maintained  a 
-I  moil: 


[       XV       ] 

moft  religious  obfervance  of  right  and  equity,  admitting  no  dif- 
tinilion  between  advantage  and  honerty.  This  eflabhflied  him 
a  mofl  excellent  characftcr,  and  occafioned  him  to  be  confulted 
on  matters  of  the  greateil:  moment.  Phs  decrees  being  all  ap- 
proved opened  his  way  to  further  advancement,  and  lie  was 
joined  together  with  the  billiop  of  Dunkeld  and  the  carl  of 
Buchan  chief  juftice  of  the  kingdom  in  an  embaify  from  James 
III  to  Lewis  XI  of  France,  on  which  occafion  he  effectually  re- 
moved the  caufes  of  fufpicion  ready  to  break  out  into  animolity 
between  the  two  kings  by  the  inftigation  of  fome  evil-minded 
and  malicious  perfons,  and  confirmed  the  antient  alliance  be-r 
tween  the  two  nations  by  a  moft  elegant  fpeech  before  the  French 
king's  council.  Lewis  conceived  fuch  an  efteem  for  him  that 
he  gave  him  a  place  among  his  own  counfellore.  The  ambaffa- 
dors  received  a  public  anfwer,  and  after  a  moft  handfome  recep- 
tion and  a  ftay  of  fome  months,  returned  home  loaded  with  pre-r 
fents.  James  w'as  fo  w'ell  fatisfied  with  the  fuccefs  of  their  em- 
baffy,  that  he  promoted  William  to  the  fee  of  Rofs,  though  with 
much  relu<5tance  on  his  part.  On  his  friends'  remonftrating  to  him 
on  this  unwiilingnefs  to  accept  a  place,  he  replied,  ''  Rofs  is  not 
to  be  our  fee,  but  where  our  patronefs  the  Virgin  mother  of 
God  fliall  pleafe,"  alluding  to  what  he  had  feen  in  his  dream. 
He  was  afterwards  admitted  to  the  king's  privy  council,  and  fo 
high  was  his  credit,  that  almoit  all  the  great  affairs  of  the  nation 
were  condu6led  under  his  diredtion,  and  by  his  advice.  As  this 
introduced  him  to  a  greater  familiarity  with  the  king,  lie  adviled 
him  to  leave  off  his  dcbaucht  and  avaricious  life,  and  put  a  ftop, 
to  the  ravages  of  the  marauders  w  ho  overrun  the  country  which 
\vas  at  that  time  overfpread  and  laid  wafte  by  the  remains  of  the 
late  war,  and  content  himfelf  with  his  faithful  confort  (juccn 
Margaret,  who  was  of  royal  defcent,  and  had  already  brought  him 
three  fons.     He  added,  the  barons  who  were  perfons  of  confider- 

c  2  able 


[     xvi     ] 

ablepropertv  could  ierve  the  flate  both  in  the  cabinet  andfieUT,  anJthe 
commons  be  protected  fi'om  every  infuk,  ^vhile  the  king  paiied  hi3 
life  in  devotion  and  in  the  exercife  of  mercy  fo  worthy  a  Ibvereign'. 
'J'he  biilioi)'s  repeated  exhortations  wrought  fuch  a  happy  change 
in  the  king  that  he  was  frequently  feen  at  the  feet  of  Chriit  and 
his  Virgin  Mother,  pouring  out  tears  and  prayers  for  his  own  ?d\<^'. 
his  kingdom's  welfare,  beftowing  large  fums  on  the  poor  and 
the  niinifters  of  Chrift;  and  there  was  hardly  a  church  or  cha'- 
pel  in  his  dominions  biit  bore  the  marks  of  his  devotion.  About 
the  fame  time  the  bilhop  of  Imoia  legate  from  the  pope  came  to- 
the  king  as  tifual  with-  great  fplendor  tO'  foLlicit  ample  i^rivHeges 
for  the  nobility  and  commons.  The  king  received  him  in  a- 
manner  fuitable  to  his  rank,  and  carried  him  about  with  him- 
wherever  he  went,  being  dehghted  with  the  converfation  of  the- 
foreigner.  It  ha}:>pened  that  the  king  going  to  Laureftan  on  pil- 
grimage met  a  nobleman  conviifled  of  murder  going  to  execution^, 
who  no  Iboner  iaw  him  tiian  he  threw  himfelf  at  his  feet,  and  earneft* 
}y  implored  his  mercy  not  to  fuffer  him  to  be  made  a  public  exam- 
ple for  an  involuntary  crime.  The  king  who  was  naturally  of 
a  temper  inclined  to  pardon,  turning  t^  the  legate,  to  whom  he- 
w  iflied  to  pay  the  compliment  of  prompting  thi«  z£t  of  mercy, 
afl^ed  his  opinion  on  the  matter.  The  legate  recommended,  the 
enforcing  of  JA.ifticei  The  king  then  turned  to  William  whofe 
countenai:ice  he  favr-  difcovered  that  he  difapproved  the  legateV 
aniwer :  Such,  faid  he,  is  the  compaffion  of  the  Italians ;  you  iifcd>' 
lo  give  me  very  different  advice  ;  let  mercy  be  Ihewn :  and  imme— . 
diately  difcharged  the  criminal.  The  king's  kindnefs  to  William' 
jncreaft  every  day,  and  as  often  as  any  great  undertaking  was  to- 
1  e  carried  on  in  the  kingdom  he  was  pitched  upon  to  take  the- 
kad  in  it :  fuch  was  the  propriety  of  his  coudud,  and  the  acutenefs- 

o.t^hiS'  judgmentv. 

Abouii. 


[     xvii     1 

About  this  time  were  fown  the  feeds  of  the  bloody  war  l)etween 
Edward    king   of  England   and.  J.ames  III.      To   heal  lliis  cruel 
wound  our  prelate  was  fent  ambaffador  to  England;   and  he  exe- 
cuted his  comnilfiion  lb  w  ell,   that  by  his  fole  management  the 
Hiinds  of  the  two  princes  were  conciUated  to  each  other,  and  the 
tbundation  was  laid  for  a  perpetual  peace,  had  not  a  war  broke  out 
at  home  between  Alexander  duke  of  Albany  and  his  fovereign  ; 
and  the  former  flying  his  country  was  received  with  open  arms 
by  Edward,  who  furniflied  him  with  troops  and  money  againff 
his  brother.      This  was  foon  after  follo^^•ed  by  a  declaration   of 
war  between  the  two  nations.      Our  fovereign  began  to  be  more 
apprehenlive  of  his  own  ful)ie61:s   than  of  the  Englifliy  as  many 
of  the  nobility  feemed  to  incline  to  the  duke  of  Albany,.-    After 
various  trials   of  {kill,    William   was   fent   a  fecond   time    am- 
baffddor  to  Edward,  to  bring  about  a  general  peace,  and  a  re- 
conciliation with  the  duke.      Things  fucceeded  to  his  wilh;   he 
met  with  a  very  handfome  reception,  and  brought  about  a  recon- 
ciliation between  the  duke  and  the  kingvand  fettled  a  peace.     For 
this   fervice  he  was  immediately  on  his  return  advanced  to  the 
fee  of  Aberdeen,  and  fome  years  after  to  the  poll  of  high  chan- 
cellor.. 

About  this  time  broke  out  the  unnatural  war  between  the  king  and" 
his  eldeft  fon,  afterwards  James  IV.;  and  though  our  billiop  could 
not  fucceed  in  bringing  them  to  an  accommodation,  he  left  nothing 
unattempted  that  a  wife  and  good  man  could  have  fuggeited,  and 
adhered  all  the  time  to  the  king  -K     When  the  war  was  iiniflied  he 

returned 

*  James  III.  adopted  hrs  fatherand  grandfather's  fyftem  of  breaking  the  ariftocratic 
power  in  Scothmd,  but  piirfued  it  in  a  different  manner.     He  flighted   his  nobles, 
ai>d  gave  himfelf  up  toartifts,  whom  he  made  his  favourites.    His  brothers  Alexander 
duke  of  Albany  and  James  earl  of  Mar  caballed  again  It  him.     The  latter  he  caufed. 
to-be  i)rivatcly-.puE  to  death:  the  odicr  ijed  to  FruQce,  and  formed  an  alliance  wirh 

Enoland. 


[     xviii     ] 

returned  to  Aberdeen,  drew  up  excellent  regulations  for  his  clergy, 
and  reftored  the  fer vice,  which  during  the  war  had  been  for  le- 
veral  years  neglecSted.  He  ordained  the  chant  to  be  celebrated  in 
the  ancient  manner;  appointed  John  Malifon,  an  experienced  mu- 
fician,  and  a  worthy  man,  to  dire^il  the  fervice  in  the  church  of 
Aberdeen,  and  to  keep  the  rituals.  To  this  man  the  peojile of  Aber- 
deen are  indebted  for  their  knowledge  of  mufic;  and  to  him  they 
are  likewife  indebted  for  every  performance  in  that  fcience,  and  for 
the  exadt  celebration  of  fervice  in  thefaid  church.  There  was  fcarce 
a  confiderable  finger  in  the  city  who  did  not  take  his  leflbns  from 
him.  William  meditated  many  other  laudable  reformations  there; 
when  he  was  fent  for  to  court  and  appointed  councellor  to  James 
IV.  who  received  him  kindly,  and  with  the  fame  refpe61;  as  his 
father  had  formerly  done,  which  obliged  him  to  defer  his  defign 
to  fome  future  opportunity.  There  Hill  fubfitled  fome  remains 
of  the  ancient  enmity  between  the  nobility,  which  if  not  removed 
threatened  to  break  out  into  greater  mifchiefs.  AH  thefe  Wil- 
liam with  great  pains  and  application  entirely  extinguiflied,  and 
even  the  very  feeds  of  difcontent  and  fcdition.  King  James 
having  now  no  enemy  at  home  or  abroad,  turned  his  thoughts 
by    his    advice,    to  the  improvement  and   advancement  of  the  • 

England.  Tbe  king  found  himfcif  under  die  ncccffity  of  folliciting  the  fiipport  of 
lus  nobles,  who  ilrtl  hanged  his  favourites,  and  then  effected  a  fliort-Hved  reconciliation 
between  him  and  his  brother.  But  the  fame  fcene  was  prefently  afted  over  again. 
The  duke  of  Albany  was,  by  the  death  of  F.dward  IV.  of  England,  obhged  to  give 
up  his  oppofition.  But  a  more  formidable  one  fucceeded.  James's  own  fon  was  fet 
up  by  the  malecontents  againft  his  father,  who  took  the  field  againd  him,  and  lofl  his 
life  in  thclaattle  of  Bannocburn.  "  Sufpicion,  indolence,  immoderate  attachment 
to  favourites,  and  all  the  vices  of  a  feeble  mind  are  vifible  in  his  conduft."  llo- 
bcrtfon  II.  56—61.  According  to  Rapin  (VI.  140 — 145.)  James  broke  the  truce 
with  En^Und  without  rcafon,  and  the  Duke  ol"  Albany  treated  with  Edward  IV'.  to 
be  fet  ou  the  throne  of  ScothmJ.  'ihe  duke  of  Glouceller  entered  that  kingdom  and 
took  Edinburgli.  Peace  was  rcQorcd  by  the  intervention  of  the  duke  of  Albany, 
and  being  foon  after  broken.,  he  renewed  hh  treaty  with  Edward  IV.  and  was  killed 
in  an' engagement  1483. 

Hate. 


[      xix      ] 

Itate.  lie  reformed  the  adminiftration  of  juftice  by  itinerant 
jufticcs,  who  by  the  iniquity  of  the  times  had  for  fome  years 
neglected  to  punifli  the  various  crimes  that  difturbed  the  ]>ubhc 
peace.  When  tranquilhty  was  ahnolt  univcrfahy  reftored  a  Par- 
hament  was  called  at  Edinburgh,  in  which  it  was  refolved  to 
fend  an  embaffy  to  the  Emperor  Maximilian,  to  aflc  his  daughter 
Margaret  in  marriage;  an  alliance  to  which  the  young  king  af- 
pired,  as  an  addition  to  his  dignity.  All  votes  were  in  iavour  of 
our  prelate  for  this  commillion,  and  he  was  accompanied  by  fe- 
vernl  of  the  nobility.  But  the  defign  failed  of  fuccefs  by  the  prior 
defignation  of  the  princefs  to  the  prince  of  Spain. 

About  the  fame  time,  Edward*,  who  ftyled  himfelf  fon  of  the 
renowned  Edward  king  of  England, landed  in  Scotland  with  a  laroe 
body  of  troops  from  Flanders,  and  by  the  alliil-ance  of  king  James 
began  his  march  into  England,    to  recover   his   paternal  domi- 
nions from  Henry,  who  then  held  the  crown.      James  would  not 
permit  him  to  enter  his  kingdom  till  Henry  had  refufed  an  an- 
fwer  to  the  complaints  of  breach  of  treaty  and  depredations  brought 
by  heralds  commiffioned  by   parliament;   which  occalioned  the 
war  that  afterwards  enfucd  between  the  two  nations.      Henry 
finding   war   now  unavoidable,   with  his  ufual  forefight  fent  Go- 
frigates  and  40  tranfports  full  of  troops  and  artillery  into  the  Frith 
of  Forth,  to  cruize  on  the  coaft  of  Scotland,  that  the  Scots  beino- 
employed  to  prevent  their  landing,  might  not  march  an  army  into 
England,  while  he  remained  at  London  with  his  nobility;   riohtly 
judging  that  a  war  of  fo  much  rifk  was  bettter  conducted  by  pru- 
dence than  force ;  and  knowing  likewil<2  that  the  majority  of  En^-- 
land  were  inclined  to  Edward,  eager  for  a  revolution,  and   ready 
to  rife  on  the  leaft  encouragement.      To  bring  this  war  to  an 
ilTuc,   after  both  nations  had  had  repeated  trials  of  their  ftrenn-th 

*  Perkia  Warbeck,  wh©  alTumed  the  title  of  Edward  VL 

both 


[         XX  ] 

both  by  lea  and  laiui,  arbitrators  were  cbofcn  on  both  fides  for  the 
reparation  of  injuries,  and  to  agree  on  terms  of  peace.      On  our 
tide  William  was  the  principal.      They  met  at  Melros,  and  after 
various  debates  and  propolitions,  when  the  treaty  was  on  the  point 
of  being  broken  off,  it  was  agreed  to  refer  it  to  him.      By  his  in- 
terpofition  peace  was  agreed  to  on  certain  conditions  ■■•.    By  his  ad- 
vice James  firft  retrained  the  dilliirbancesof  the  iflandersand  high- 
landers,  who  without  the  interference  of  the  royal  authority  are  al- 
ways quarrelling  among  themfelvcs.      lie  next  fet  an  example  of 
reformation  in  the  manners  of  tbe  people:   he  built  the  magni- 
ficent palaces  of  Stirling,  Edinburgh,  and  Falkland,  and  furnifhed 
them  ill  the  richeft  manner +.      The  king's  example  was  followed 
by  his  fubjeifts  of  all  ranks :   the  lower  claffes  were  protected  from 
the  oppreffions  of  the  nobles,  and  the  nobility  by  the  royal  cle- 
mency and  liberality  or  by  fear  of  punilhment  and  authority  kept 
in  peace.      This  general  tranquillity   and  happy  change  was  in 
great  meafure  owing  to  our  prelate,  whole  grand  objedf  was  the 
good  of   his    country,    for   which   he  fliunned   neither   danger 
by  fea  or  land,  nor  fpared  his  own  delicate  health  ;   and  fuch   was 
his  influence  with  the  king,  that  no  tranfaflion  with  his  fubjetSts 
or  foreign  powers,  no  treaty  with  other  princes,  no  peace  was  con- 
cluded with  other  powers  or  il^ates,  no  a6t,  no  defign,  was  under- 
taken or  concluded  without  his  concurrence.      Nor  was  he  lefs 

'*  This  fcems  to  be  the  peace  negoclatedby  the  Spanlfh  embaffiidor  D'Ayah  with 
the  Scots,  at  the  little  town  of  Aton  in  Scotland.  Rapin  VI.  400.  But  Buchanan 
XllL  20.  fays  It  was  fettled  by  Fox  bifhop  of  Durham,  with  king  James  at  Melros, 

1500- 

-j-  The  king  having  drained  his  coffers  by  building  palaces,  monaftcries,  and  fliips, 

the  bifliop  is  faid,  in  order  to  replenifh  them,  to  have  revived  the  odious  obfolcte  law 

whereby  the  king  or  any  other  iord  to  whom  the  wardfhip  of  an  heir  in  his  minority 

devolved  was  authorifed  to  take  all  the  rents  and  protits  of  the  eftate  till  he  came  of 

pge;  and  if  the  proprietor  fold  above  half  his  eilate  without  the  confcnt  of  his  lord, 

the  whole  was  alienated  to  the  lord.    Buchanan  XIII.  ;2. 

eftcemcd 


[       xxi      ] 

eftecmed  by  the  people  or  the  nobility.     Such  was  the  effect  of 
his  univerfal  good  chara£ler. 

When  tranquiUity  was  thus  reftorcd,  he  fet  himfelf  to  adorn  his 
country.  In  order  to  improve  and  embellifli  the  northern  part  of 
Scotland,  he  founded  an  Univerfity  at  Aberdeen,  for  profelTors  in 
every  branch  of  literature.  Such  foundations  had  already  been 
eftabliflied  in  the  other  two  divifions  of  the  kingdom;  one  at 
Glafgowby  biihop  William  Durfdeir  ••'■•;  another,  eminent  for  learn- 
ing and  fcience,  at  St.  Andrew's,  at  the  expence  of  Henry  Ward- 
law,  bifliop  of  that  fee.  \n  thefe  we  have  feen  produced  men  of 
the  firft  eminence  and  learning:  Robert  Keith  f,  John  Leyfton, 
Hugh  Spence,  Andrew  Ruflel,  Thomas  Ramfay,  Alan  Meldrum^a 
diftinguiflied  profeiTor  of  divinity,  William  Gundy,  John  of  An- 
nandalejl,  perfons  of  approved  learning,  who,  notwith Handing  the 
modeft  opinion  they  entertained  of  their  own  abilities,  have  hi- 
therto,held  the  pre-eminence  in  divinity,  law,  or  philofophy,  forae 
feculars,  others  of  the  orders  of  Auilin,  Benedid,  Francis,  or  Do- 
minic. From  this  fchool,  in  its  earlieft  foundation,  proceeded 
many  perfons  eminent  for  learning,  which,  and  the  excellent  cha- 
rafler  they  bore,  were  a  lingular  ornament  to  the  church  of  Scot- 
land, hi  this  Univerlity  are  three  colleoes.  The  firft:  called  the 
School  §,  fituate  in  the  pleafantell:  part  of  the  city,  eminent  lor  the 
many  worthy  fcholars  which  it  has  produced.  The  fecond  em- 
bellifned  with  the  venerable  church  of  St.  Saviour,  and  fpacious 
handfome  buildings  for  ftudents,  founded  and  amply  endowed  for 
ifudents  and  profeflbrs  by  James  Kennedy  biihop  of  St.  Andrew's, 
a  great  benefa(ftor  to  literature  and  its  profeflbrs ;   and  enriched 

*  William  Turnbiill,  14^2. 

~\-  Son  of  the  earl  marfliall  and  abbot  of  Deer.  lie  died  155  r.   Mackenzie  IF.  418. 

J  Or  David  Meldrum,  canon  of  Dunkeld,  official  to  billiop  Lauder,  whofe  life  he 
Wrote,  and  feverai  other  things  on  canon  law.     lb. 

II  Or  Anand,  profeffor  of  philofophy  at  St.  Andrew's,  educated  at  Paris,  wrote 
on  Ariftotle's  Eihics,  See.     lb.  419. 

§  Fcdagcghim:  fucceeded  by  Sr.  Mary's  college,  1553. 

d  with 


[      xxii      ] 

with  a  great  colleciion  of  lacred  utenfils  in  gold  and  fdver,  among 
Avhich  is  a  crucifix  two  cubits  high  ;  not  to  mention  the  facerdotrd 
veilments  of  gold  and  lilver  tililie,  and  other  valuable  materials, 
the  melodious  bells,  and  the  rich  hangings  for  the  church  and 
public  buildings,  on  all  which  the  founder  fpared  no  cxpence  fuit- 
able  to  his  rank  and  noble  fpirit.  A  third  college  has  been  added 
by  John  Hepburne,  now  living,  prior  of  the  famous  abbey  of  St. 
Andrew,  already  abounding  with  profeflbrs  and  indents  in  vari- 
ous branches.  After  furniihing  his  abbey  with  a  variety  of  reli- 
gious eminent  for  muflc,  in  which  they  always  excelled,  and  adding 
many  coltly  new  buildings  both  in  the  church  and  abbey,  for  the 
promotion  of  learning,  this  worthy  man"  founded  a  college,  dedi- 
cated to  St.  Leonard,  with  a  fuitable  endowment  for  nialters  and 
fcholars.  Some  of  thefe  beautiful  buildings  are  completed,  others 
juft  begun.  This  college  owes  its  rile  for  learning  to  John  of 
Annandale  before  mentioned. 

To    return  to  the  founder  of  our  college.      William  Elphin- 
il:on  was  pieafed  to  fix  upon  me  to  lay  the  foundation  of  it,  and  ta 
be  firft  profelTor  of  the  liberal  arts  there,  notwithftanding  my  in- 
capacity for  fo  great  a  charge,  and  by  the  moil  advantageous  offers 
and  promifes  invited  me  over  from  Montague  college  in  Paris, 
where  I  w^as  then  reading  lectures  in   philofophy,  where  John 
Standone,  that  excellent  and  worthy  man^was  their  principal,  and 
many  accomplifned  fcholars  flouriflied,  among  w^hora  were  Petrus 
Syrus  in  divinity,,  Peter  Roland  my  preceptor  in  logic,  John  GafTer 
whofe  learned  Commentaries  on  the  Decrees  of  the  Fathers   are 
extant,  Erafmus  of  Rotterdam,  the  ornament  and  glory  of  our  time 
and  of  Europe.      Among  my  countrymen  who  ftudied  there  no 
fmallpraife  is  due  to PatricPanter*,  afterwards  privy  councellor  and 
fccretary  to  James  IV.;   Walter  Ogilvy  t,  whofe  eloquence  is  fo  ad- 

*  He  was  tutor  to  James  IVth's  natural  fan  Alexander  Stuart  (afterward  archbiOiop 
of  St.  Andrew's),  and  wrote  fome  Political  Oblervations.     DempUer.  Mackcuzieil. 

j  He  wrote  certain  trcatifcs  on  Rhetonc.     Lb. 

mired ;. 


[     xxiii     ] 

mired;   George  Duncbs,   that  excellent  Greek  and  Latin  fchoLip, 
niafter  of  the  knights  of  St.  John  of  Jerufalem  in  Scotland*;   and 
John  Major  I,  that  learned  divine,  whofe  writings  have  fo  illullrated 
the  Chriftian  religion.      Thcfe  eminent  fcholars  I  fliall  ever  re- 
fpedt;   and   lament  my  own  lofs  in  leaving  them  and    the    Uni- 
verfity  of  Paris  when  I  had  imbibed  but  the  firft  rudiments  of 
learning,  on  the  invitation  of  bilhop  William,  to  undertake  the  in- 
flruftion  of  youth  according  to  my  beft  ability.      I  met  with  a  very 
kind  reception  from  the  canons,    thofe  excellent  fcholars   David 
Guthry:};,  profeiTor  of  civil  and  canon  law;  James  Ogilvy  ||,    doc- 
tor in  divinity,  formerly  for  his  known  learning   and  virtue  ap- 
pointed archbilhop  of  St.  Andrew's  in  the  council  of  Balil.      Thefe 
by  their  noble  birth  and  uncommon  talents  attracted  univerfal  ad- 
miration for  their  eloquence  in  profefTmg,  preaching,   and  plead- 
ing, in  explaining  fcripture,  and  giving  ledtures  in  law.      Thomas 
Strachan,  Alexander  Vaux;   the  former  principal  of  the  fchool  at 
Aberdeen,  and  both  well  verfed  in  canon  law;  James  Brown,  dean 
of  Aberdeen,  a  learned  fcripturill  §  ;   and  many   more  adepts  in 
learning,  human  and  divine.      When  I  was  fettled  at  Aberdeen  I 
chofe  William  Hay,  my  fellow  fludent  in  philofophy  at  Paris,  for 
aflbciate  in  my  labours,  as  we  were  both  natives  of  Angus,  both 
llhool  fellows  at  Dundee,  and  both  ftudied  under  the  fame  maftcrs 
at  Paris,  and  had  contra6ted  a  mutual  uninterrupted  kindnefs  for 
each  other,  which  I  truft  will  continue  through  life.      His  regard 
for  me  led  him  to  fettle  with  me  at  Aberdeen;   and  the  pleafure 

*   He  wrote  the  hiftory  of  the  Knights  of  St.  John  of  J  riifalem,  in  two  books.  lb. 

t  He  was  born  at  Berwick,  ftudied  at  Oxford,  and  the  Sorbonne  ;  wrote  a  Commen- 
tary on  the  Sentences,  and  a  Hiftory  of  Great  Britain  ;  profeffed  divinity  in  the 
Univerfities  of  Glafgow  and  St.  Andrew's,  being  principal  of  St.  Saviour's  colleo-e 
in  the  latter,  where  he  died,  1540.  Mackenzie,  and  his  life  prtfixedto  liis  hillory  ; 
lid  in  b.  1740.  4to.  fo 

X   Denijjflcr  fays  he  left  excellent  leflures  on  la.v  behind  him. 

Ij  Dempfler  does  not  mention  him,  Strachan,  or  Vaux. 

§  Author  of  a  comment  on  the  Scripture.     Dcmpftcr. 

da  he 


[     xxiv     ] 

he  takes  in  his  talk  of  inftruding  youth  makes  him  an  infeparable 
companion.  By  diligent  application  Aberdeen  in  a  fhort  time 
produced  many  eminent  fcholars  in  divinity,  law,  and  philoibphy. 
Of  whom  the  firft  was  Alexander  Hay,  that  a6live  genius,  now 
canon  of  Aberdeen,  who  ini^ru6led  others,  and  was  the  firft  mafter 
of  the  fchool.  James  Ogilvie,  of  a  noble  and  wealthy  family,  pro- 
feflbr  of  civil  law,  fncceflbr  of  bifliop  Elphinfton  in  the  fee,  which 
he  refigned  at  the  perfuafion  of  his  friends,  on  a  difpute  among 
the  principal  men  of  the  kingdom  *,  and  held  the  redory  of  Kyn- 
kekl  and  the  abbacy  of  Dryburgh  in  commendam.  He  was  fent 
on  feveral  cmbaffies  from  the  king  and  government  of  Scotland  ta 
various  princes,  realms  and  ftates,  by  v/hich  he  acquired  great  re- 
putation. Henry  Spital,  a  perfon  of  no  common  proficiency,  who 
affiiled  me  in  qualifying  youth  in  philofophy  previous  to  higher 
fludies,  a  relation  of  our  bifliop,  and  on  that  account  no  lefs 
eftecmed  by  me  t.  Arthur  Boece,  my  kinfman  f ,  docftor  in  canon 
and  licenciate  in  civil  law;  a  perfon  of  great  learning,  in  which 
he  is  making  daily  progrefs  with  unremitting  application,  and 
polfeifed  of  a  force  and  weight  of  eloquence.  Alexander  Galloway  ||, 
the  prefent  learned  re6tor  of  Kinkeld,  who  fome  years  before  our 
bidiop's  death  was  lb  great  a  favourite  with  him,  that  none  of  his 
concerns  of  moment  were  tranfadfed  without  him;  John  Lynd- 
fay  and  Alexander  Laurence,  diftinguifhed  lawyers,  of  whom  the 
former  was  cut  off  in  the  midft  of  his  expeilations ;  and  the  latter 
has  lately  taken  on  him  the  order  of  Friars  Preachers.  David 
Menzies,  a  celebrated  preacher  §.      John  Gryfon ■••■*,  Robert  Lifle^ 

*  The  earl  of  Huntley  infifting  that  the  canons  Ihould  choofe  his  coufm  Alexander 
Goi'don  bifliop. 

I  He  wrote  an  cafy  introduftion  to  Ariftotle's  philofophy.     Dempfter. 
\  Brother.  Mackenzie.     Dempfter  fays  he  wrote  on  canon  law. 

II  He  wrote  an  account  of  the  Wefiern  illes,  the  chg  geefe,  and  the  trees  on 
which  they  grew.     Mackenzie. 

§  Dempfter  celebrates  his  fermons. 

**  Thirty  years  provincial  of  his  order,  concerning  which  he  wrote  two  books. 

and 


[        XXV        ] 

and  Alexander  Courtney,  learned  and  pious  divines  among  the 
Friars  Preachers.  John  Adam,  profeflbr  of  divinity,  of  equal 
learning  and  piety,  firft  mailer  in  that  fcience  at  Aberdeen,  now 
principal  of  the  Friars  Preachers  in  Scotland,  who  has  dared  every 
hazard  infupport  of  religion,  and  encreafed  the  number  of  learned, 
pious,  and  adtive  preachers  of  that  order  among  us,  to  which  the 
authority  of  the  bifhop,  exerted  both  at  home  and  abroad,  contri- 
buted not  a  little.  I  mention  thefe  as  the  principal  fcholars  pro- 
duced in  the  Univerlity  of  Aberdeen. 

To  return.  Thefe  beginnings  of  the  Univerfity  were  fo  flatter- 
ing to  William,  that  in  order  to  eftablifli  it  on  more  firm  founda- 
tions, he  eredled  a  college,  which  for  the  beauty  and  extent  of  its 
buildings  cannot  be  fufficiently  celebrated,      hi  it  is  a  church  of 
poliflied  hewn  Itone,  with  windows,  ceiUngs,  feats  for  the  priefts, 
and  benches  for  the  boys,  in  a  moft  magnificent  ftyle;  marble  al- 
tars and  images  of  the  faints;    piftures,  ftatues,    painting,  and 
gilding,  brazen  chairs,  hangings,  and  carpets.      The  furniture  for 
facrcd  occafions  is  of  gold  tifTue,    i  5  croflTes,  and  chefubles  ;    2  8 
mantles  of  coarfe  cloth*  all  embroidered  at  the  fides  with  the  figures 
of  faints  in  gold  and  pvirple,  and  other  colours;  feven  of  fine  linen 
adorned  with  palm  branches,  and  the  borders  embroidered  with 
ftars  of  gold;    20  of  linen  w^ith  palm  branches  and  waves  for  the 
boys.     Befides  thefe,   many  others  of  linen  and  fcarlet  for  daily 
ufe :   a  crucifix,  2  candlefliicks,  3  cenfers,  an  incenfe  box,  6  phi- 
als, 8  chalices,  a  textuary,  2  pixes  in  which  to  expofe  the  holl,  a. 
third  two    cubits  high  of  moll  curious   workmanfliip,  a  bafon, 
a  veflTel    for  the  font,  a  holy  water  pot  with  a  fprinkler,   all  of 
gold  and  filver;   feveral  altar  cloths  of  the  fined  linen,  embroi- 
dered with  gold  and  flowers  of  various  colours.      A  cheft  of  Cy- 
prefs  wood  elegantly  fet  with  pearls  and  jewels,  in  which  the  re- 

*  nUofa  byjo. 

liques 


[     xxvi     ] 

liquesofthe  faints  arc  lodged   in  gold    and  filver.      The  fleeple 
is  of  great  height,  furrounded  hy  ilone  work  arched  in  form  of  an 
imperial  crown  over  the  leaded  roof,  and  containing  thirteen  hells 
of  motf  melodious  found.      All  thefe  were  the  gift  of  our  bilhop. 
And  that  religion  and  learning  might  be  equally  attended  to,  eight 
priefts  were  appointed  for  daily  fervice,  and  feven  boys  of  the  fe- 
cond  form;   four  doiftors  profeflbrs  of  the  higher  fcience?,  the  firlt 
in  divinity,   to  whom  the  founder  ordered  all  the  reft  llioukl  be 
fubjecfl,  the  fecond  in  canon  law,  the  third  in  civil  law,  the  fourth 
in  phyfic;   ten  batchelors  to  attend  the  ledlures  of  the  profelTor, 
and  inftrudt  others ;    of  thefe  the  chief  is  fubprincipa]  of  the  col- 
lege; 14  ftudents  in  philofophy,  and  a  learned  profefTor  of  huma- 
nity to  inftru(5t  youth  in  grammar,  previous  to  their  ftudying  phi- 
fophy.      This  department  is  filled  by  John  Vaux,  who  was  edu- 
cated in  this  Univeriity,  a  learned  elegant  fcholar,  and  of  intenfe 
application.      All  thefe  are  by  the  founder's  appointment    to  at- 
tend the  public  religious  fervice  at  the  intervals  of  their  literary  la- 
bours.   Houfes  were  purchafed  for  the  profeiTors  of  canon  and  civil 
law,  phyfic,  and  grammar,  diftincl  from  the  college;   but  William 
did  not  live  to  finifli  them.      He  covered  the  college,  church,  and 
towers,  and  almoft  all  the  buildings  with  lead.      The  endowment 
of  the  whole  arifes  from  lands,  manors,   and  excellent  revenues, 
purchafed   by  the    founder  at    a   great  expence.      But  all  thefe 
works  and  engagements  did  not  fatigue  him,  nor  the  daily  em- 
ployments,  controverfies,   decifions,   and  confultations  which  he 
affifted  at  for  the  public  good.      His  attention  was  every  where. 
He  adorned  the  original  cathedral  of  Aberdeen  as  if  he  had  been 
chofen  of  God  for  that  purpofe,  with  many  gifts,  copes  of  white 
linen  embroidered  with  gold,  two  mitres  for  the  billiop  to  officiate 
in,   one   embroidered   with   gold,    another  wrought   with    palm 
branches  of  white  linen  let  with  pearls  and  ])recious  ftones,  and 
to  a  third,  which  had  been  for  many  years  Citcemcd  of  great  va-  ■ 

lue 


[     xxvii     ] 

liie  for  workmanfliip  and  materials,  he  added  many  precious 
Hones  of  various  forts  fet  in  gold  and  filver.  tie  finilhed  the  great 
tower  %vhich  Henry  ■•-  left  incomplete,  and  covered  both  it  and 
the  chnrch  with  lead-  hi  this  tower  are  three  bells  of  i  20oolb. 
weight  procured  at  his  expence,  Another  work  no  lefs  confider- 
able  which  he  fet  about,  -was  the  choir  of  the  cathedral  of  Aber- 
deen. It  had  been  built  in  a  rtile  unworthy  fuch  a  church.  Wil- 
ham  began  to  rebuild  it  on  a  plan  correfponding  with  the  reft  of 
the  building  ;  but  left  he  Ihould  die  before  it  was  compleated,  he 
would  not  take  down  the  old  choir  till  everything  was  in  readi- 
nefs  to  begin  the  new  one,  fo  that  a  confiderable  part  was  finilhed 
before  his  death. 

Edward  t  bifliop  of  Orkney,  a  patron  of  letters  and  learned  men, 
and  particularly  of  the  ftudents  here,  happening  to  be  about  that 
time  at  Aberdeen,  dedicated  the  college  church.  Our  prelate 
laftly  undertook  to  build  a  bridge  over  the  river  Dee,  and  made 
the  neccffary  preparations  for  this  pious  and  public  work.  He 
collected  the  Hiiifories  of  Scotland,  concerning  the  antiquity  of 
the  nation,  particularly  from  the  weftern  illands  where  the  fepul- 
chres  of  our  kings  and  the  ancient  monuments  of  the  nation  are  pre- 
(  fervcd,  and  formed  his  materials  into  one  volume.  Thegreateft  part 
of  the  Scotch  written  records  had  been  deftroyed  by  the  Englilli 
in  their  ravages  during  our  civil  broils.  I  have  made  great  ufe 
of  the  bifliop's  writings  refpedling  this  fubject  in  my  hiftory ;  and 
whoever  has  read  them  will  fee  we  either  wanted  hiftorians  or  that 
the  few  we  had  were  extremely  carelefs,  and  the  beft  of  them  had 
formed  no  collecftion  of  the  a6ts  of  our  faints  to  whom  our  parifli. 
churches  are  dedicated.  Thefe  memorials  had  alfo  been  burnt  by 
the  Englifti,  who  fubftituted  to  them  their  own  rituals. 

*  Henry  Leighton,  bifhop  of  Aberdeen. 

■f-  Edward  Stewart,  a  perion  of  illuftrious  birth,  of  whom  Bocthlns  gives  a  notable- 
tharufter.     Keith.. 

3,  Befides 


1-  [    xxviii    ] 

Bcfidcs  thefe  civil  and  religious  works,  William  adorned  and  ren- 
dered illuftrious  hisown  family,  enriching  them  with  ellates,  or  ad- 
vancing them  in  the  church,  and  employing  others  of  them  whofe 
abilities  qualified  them  for  it  in  public  or  private  offices  to  their 
no  fmall  emolument ;  always  recommending  to  them  to  niake 
a  difcrete  ufe  of  their  good  fortune,  Avhich  might  change  on 
his  death.  He  was  an  efpecial  benefad:or  to  the  Friars  Preachers, 
Minors,  and  Carmelites.  Thefe  his  good  M'orks  deferve  to  be 
had  in  everlafting  remembrance.  Amidft  all  his  cares  in  earlier 
or  later  life  religion  and  learning  were  never  abfent  from  his 
thoughts.  The  leifure  of  old  age  he  devoted  to  the  ftudyofthe 
fcriptures,  and  his  folitude  was  a  fource  of  virtuous  improve- 
ment. His  table  was  fplendid ;  he  feldom  fupt  without  the  com- 
pany of  many  of  the  nobility,  and  in  the  midft  of  dainties  was 
himfelf  moft  abftemious  ;  his  countenance  was  chearful,  his  con- 
verfation  plealing,  and  he  was  particularly  fond  of  the  company 
of  learned  men,  of  mufic,  and  fprightly  repartee.  He  had  fuch 
an  aflive  and  vigorous  mind  that  he  was  never  at  a  lofs  in  public 
or  private  bufinels ;  alike  qualified  for  civil  or  religious  matters : 
the  greatefl  lawyer,  the  ablelf  ftatefman,  the  moft  accompliflied 
orator  of  his  time,  and  the  trueft  friend  to  the  tranquillity, 
j)eacc,  and  glory  of  his  country.  His  conftitution  as  hardy  and 
vigorous  as  his  mind,  unbroken  by  any  labor,  exercife,  or  duty, 
whether  public  or  private.  Age  itfelf,  the  common  and  inevi- 
table difeafe  of  man,  though  it  weakened  did  not  break  his  fpirit, 
and  at  the  age  of  eighty-three  he  tranfacfted  the  molt  weighty 
buflnefs  of  the  nation  with  fuperior  acutenefs,  his  capacity  and 
faculties  unimpaired,  his  memory  always  ftrong.  His  old  age  was 
pleafmg  and  refpeilable,  without  morofenefs,  anxiety,  peeviilinefs, 
or  melancholy,  or  the  leaft  effect  on  his  excellent  temper.  Nor 
before  his  laft  illnefs  did  he  feel  any  thing  that  could  be  afcribed 


to  age. 


About 


[     xxix     ] 

About  this  time  pope  Julius  II.  by  his  legate  declared  James 
IV.  protedor  of  the  Chriftian  religion,  and  fent  him  a  purple 
hat  embroidered  with  flowers  of  gold,   a  gold-hilted  fword  in  a 
golden  fcabbard   fet  with  jewels,    complimenting    him    on   the 
tranquillity  which  he  enjoyed  amidft  the  Wars  and  commotions  in 
which  other  Chriftian  princes  were  involved.      Louis  of  France 
had  made  himfelf  mailer  of  feveral  cities  in  Italy  by  force  or  vo- 
luntary furrender,   and  the  princes  of  Italy  were  urging  Henry 
VIII.  of  England,  an  enterprizing  young  prince,  to  attack  France 
under  pretence  of  undertaking  the   defence   of  the  church  of 
Piome.      War  w^as  no  fooner  proclaimed  between  France  and  Eng- 
land than  Louis  fent  ambailadors  to  James  to  claim  his  aid  againft 
Henr}'',  who  threatened  to  invade  his  dominions.     James  received 
them  favourably,  and  while  in  council  fome  •-'•■  propofed  to  fend  im- 
mediately to  Henry  to  infift  on  his  withdrawing  his  troops  from 
France,  or  threaten  him  with  a  declaration  of  war,  William  declared 
himfelf  of  the  party  who  from  paft  experience  preferred  peace  to 
the  horrors  of  war,  and  were  for  fending  a  more  moderate  i)ropofal 
to  difTuade  Henry  if  poflible  from  his  intended  attack  on  their 
antient  ally,  and  wait   for  his  anfwer.      This  opinion  w^as  re- 
ceived with  moft  tumultuous  oppofition,  and  thp  propofer  of  it 
grofsly  infulted.     The  contrary  was  carried  into  execution,  and 
war  declared  againft  England.      What  followed  is  well  known. 
When  William  heard  of  our  fatal  defeat,  he  w^as  feized  with  the 
dilbrder  which  brought  him  to  his  end.      He  was  never  after  feea 
to  Imile,  or  to  be  affedted  by  any  lively  convcrfation.      A  council 
of  the  nobility  was  foon  after  convened  at  Perth,  to  confidcr  on 
the   ftate  of  the  nation,  at  which  he  affifted,   and  was  declared 

*  This  party  confifled  principally  of  the  clergy,  wlio  feared  if  James  and  Heniy 
continued  on  good  terms,  the  former  might  be  induced  to  follow  the  latter's  example 
in  renouncing  the  papal  power,  and  therefore  they  made  liiui  liberal  oflcrs  of  money 
to  carry  on  the  war.     Robertfonl.  71. 

e  arch- 


[       XXX       ] 

archbifhop  of  St.  Andrew's  by  the  authority  of  the  canons  and  the 
great  men  of  the  nation  ;  but  he  ftedfaftly  refufed  this  dignity, 
and  contented  himfelf  witli  his  fee  of  Aberdeen.  For  notwith- 
ftanding  he  had  executed  fuch  magnificent  works  as  were  the 
wonder  of  all  who  knew  them,  he  never  held  any  abbey  or 
church  preferment,  as  many  more  do,  in  commendam.  He 
retired  to  Aberdeen,  to  devote  the  remainder  of  his  life  in 
finifliing  his  church  and  bridge.  He  wifhed  to  end  his  days  in 
the  tranquillity  to  which  his  labours  entitled  him  in  Aberdeen, 
where  he  had  firft  fettled.  But  he  was  recalled  to  government 
to  compofe  the  differences  between  the  nobility,  which  his  inter- 
polition  alone  could  do.  As  he  was  now  ill,  his  friends  diffuaded 
him  from  going;  but  he  anfwered,  that  he  was  not  born  for  him- 
felf but  for  his  country,  that  he  owed  more  to  the  ttate  than  to 
his  own  health,  and  that  neither  his  health  nor  any  one's  per- 
fuafions  fhould  prevent  his  going.  Accordingly  he  fet  out  indif- 
ix)fed,  but  the  fever  increafing  when  he  was  got  half  way,  he 
ilopped  at  Dumfcrmling.  After  he  had  lain  ill  there  fome  days, 
he  difpofed  of  all  his  treafure  and  effe(5ls  for  the  compleating  his 
college  and  Dee  bridge,  v/ith  legacies  to  his  friends  who  were  not 
in  affluent  circumrtances.  He  had  then  looool.  in  gold  and 
lilver  in  his  coffers,  befides  a  conliderable  quantity  of  valuable  fur- 
niture. From  thence  he  went  on  to  Edinburgh.  Six  days  after 
he  came  there  the  fever  encreafed  fo  that  he  could  find  no  reft.  He 
bore  the  diibrder  all  night  without  complaining ;  but  the  phyficians 
being  fent  for,  gave  no  hopes  of  recovery.  The  day  before  his 
deatli  he  went  as  ufiial  into  the  chapel,  where  he  difcourfed  co- 
pioufly  with  great  devotion  and  learning  on  the  truth  of  Chriftiani- 
ty,  and  the  great  rewards  it  propofes  to  its  followers;  but  finding 
himfelf  too  weak  t(\i>oon  withthe  fervice,  he  ordered  the  holy  body 
of  Ghrift  to  be  brought  to  him,  and  proftrating  himfelf  before 
it,  fpreading  out  his  hands  to  Heaven,  received  it  with  the  utmoft 
reverence    and    tears.       After   he  had    finiflied   his    accuftomed 

prayer 


;■ 

[      xxxi      ] 

prayer  before  the  crucifix  he  was  carried  back  to  his  chamber  and 
put  to  bed,  where  he  had  a  lliort  fleep  without  pain.  In  the 
evening  lie  fupped  with  fome  of  the  nobiUty  who  came  to  fee 
him,  and  from  the  gravity  of  his  converfation  and  dejedtion  of  his 
countenance  drew  melancholy  inferences.  It  was  late  before  he 
retired  to  bed,  when  his  fever  and  pain  increafed,  notwithftand- 
ing  he  endeavoured  to  conceal  it.  In  the  morning,  feeling  an 
obftruftion  from  phlegm,  he  called  for  his  chamberlain  as  well 
as  his  voice  permitted.  His  friends  came  into  the  room  to  com- 
fort and  encourage  him  with  hopes  of  recovery  ;  to  whom,  lifting 
up  his  eyes  and  feeing  them  in  tears,  he  replied,  "  I  thought 
you  would  give  me  better  advice.  I  look  for  immortal  health. 
I  Ihall  foon  be  difcharged  from  fublunary  cares.  Be  it  your  duty 
to  help  every  one  his  neighbour.  Certain  death  awaits  me.  As 
I  have  lived  a  Ghriftian,  fo  I  fliall  die  this  day."  Being  afked  where 
he  chofe  to  be  buried,  he  anfwered,  "  I  have  long  fince  given  my 
foul  to  God.  Bury  my  body  any  where."  Being  further  afked, 
if  he  had  any  meflage  to  his  abfent  friends,  he  replied,  "  Give  them 
my  bleffing.  I  am  going  to  happinefs."  His  foul  being  now  on 
its  departure,  he  continued  calling  on  Jefus  and  his  Mother  till 
his  lips  were  clofed.  He  prefently  breathed  out  his  divine 
fpirit,  not  like  a  perfon.  in  extremity  but  as  one  going  to  reft  : 
born  for  the  glory  of  our  age,  the  honor  of  Scotland,  and  the  aug- 
mentation of  religion;  it  being  his  conftant  endeavour  whether  at 
home  or  abroad  that  the  church  committed  to  his  charge  flioukl 
be  devoutly  adminiftered,  and  receive  additional  luftre  from  the 
lives  of  her  miniitcrs. 

Such  was  the  end  of  this  prelate,  after  he  had  filled  his  fee  30 
years.  His  body  being  embalmed,  was  conveyed  to  Aberdeen 
with  a  pomp  more  mournful  than  magnificent,  and  depofited  in 
his  college  before  the  high  altar.  On  this  occafion  fome  prodigies 
happened.     At  Foartic,  a  village  ten  miles  from  Aberdeen,  a  child 

e  2  was 


[     xxxii     ] 

was  born  with  two  heads  and  bodies,  but  only  two  legs,  and  other- 
wife  not  deformed.  Another  child  born  at  Aberdeen  could  not 
be  brought  to  fuck  its  mother,  nor  look  at  her  without  horrid 
Iqualling,  while  it  took  the  breaft  of  another  woman  quietly.  The 
vanes  on  the  towers  of  Aberdeen  church  all  fell  down  or  were 
broken  off.  At  the  time  of  his  funeral  his  paftoral  ftaff,  which 
was  of  filver,  and  carried  in  the  proceffion  by  one  Alexander 
Laurence,  was  broken,  by  what  accident  is  not  known,  and  part  of 
it  fell  into  the  grave  where  the  body  was  going  to  be  laid.  A  voice 
alfo,  from  whence  is  not  known,  faid,  "  Thy  mitre,  William,  fliould 
alfo  be  buried  with  thee." 

Thus  have  I  more  briefly  than  the  fubje61:  required  related  the 
principal  traits  of  William's  public  and  private  life;  that  as  every 
man's  reputation  arifes  from  the  manner  in  which  his  life  is  fpent, 
his  adions  may  fliew  him  worthy  the  higheft  praife.  If  that  man 
deferves  praife  who  performed  many  honorable  adtions,  and  in 
the  moft  important  concerns  acquitted  himfelf  with  the  higheft 
reputation,  that  man  was  William,  who  furpalTed  almoft  all  his 
contemporaries  in  his  application  to  the  greateft  affairs.  If  that 
man  is  to  be  extolled  who  by  building  churches  and  other  pi- 
ous works  reftores  the  worfliip  of  God,  and  re-eftablilhes  the  neg- 
le6led  fervice  of  religion,  puts  a  check  on  fin,  and  eftabliflies  found 
dodlrine,  and  encreafes  the  number  of  learned  perfons  for  the  fer- 
vice of  God ;  that  man  was  WiUiara,  whofe  exertions  in  this  kind 
we  have  fliewn  far  furpaffed  the  common  run.  I.aftly,  if  we  ac- 
count any  man  worthy  of  immortality  for  his  virtue,  or  any  thing 
more  excellent  than  virtue,  whereby  youth  paffes  uncorrupted, 
manhood  illuftrious,  age  blamelefs,  and  every  ftation  of  life  with 
modefty,  piety,  integrity,  and  fandity,  and  no  pradice  unworthy 
the  Chriftian  religion  ;  that  man  was  William,  who  in  every  pe- 
riod of  his  life  from  the  earliefl  to  the  lateft  devoted  himfelf  to 
virtue.      An  immodeft  word  was  to  him  imijaodefty  itfelf.      He 

avoided 


[     xxxiii     "] 

avoided  the  company  of  women  both  in  pubhc  and  private.  He 
delighted  in  the  frequent  commemoration  of  Ghrift's  palfion,  on 
which  he  ufed  to  difcourfe  learnedly  and  devoutly,  and  paft  the 
eve  of  Good  Friday  in  haircloth  and  prayer  without  lleep.  The 
fweet  name  of  Jefus  was  never  abfent  from  his  thoughts,  and  day 
and  night,  ileeping  or  waking,  was  always  in  his  mouth.  Such 
was  his  compaffion  to  the  poor  and  afflided,  that  he  heard  and 
relieved  their  dirtrelTes  with  tears.  When  he  faw  perfons  peni- 
tent for  their  crimes,  like  a  kind  indulgent  parent  he  would  fre- 
quently exhort  them  in  the  mildeft  manner  with  tears  to  Uve 
carefully,  and  not  admit  temptation  under  the  mafk.  of  pleafure  ; 
by  which  gentle  treatment  more  were  reclaimed,  than  by  his 
authority. 

His  death  occafioned  pubHc  forrow :  the  citizens  and  women  of 
Aberdeen  as  well  as  the  clergy  mourned  for  him  as  a  father,  fay- 
ing, the  glory  of  Aberdeen  was  fallen  with  him,  and  all  their  hap- 
pinefs  expired  with  his  life.  Such  was  their  lamentation.  For  him- 
felf  we  cannot  doubt  that  in  reward  of  all  his  extenlive  virtues,  his 
moit  holy  life,  and  devout  affection  towards  God  and  man,  he  is 
gone  to  the  Virgin,  to  whom  he  dedicated  himfelf  in  his  youth, 
v.hom  he  ferved  all  his  life, adorned,  if  we  may  ufe  the  exprellion, 
with  temples,  and  invoked  in  his  laft  moments,  to  reign  with  Jefus 
Chrift  his  Saviour,  in  eternal  life.  He  died  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  1450,  and  fecond  of  king  James  V.  The  fame  year  there 
broke  out  in  Aberdeen  a  moft  violent  plague,  which  continued 
two  whole  years,  and  carried  off  more  people  than  had  ever 
been  remembered,  and  added  to  the  other  afTli6lions  of  the  Uni- 
verfity. 

Biihop  Elphinflon  was  fucceeded  by  Alexander  Gordon,  chanter 

of  Murray,  a  relation  of  the  Earl  of  Fluntley,  by  whofe  intereil  he 

was  promoted  to  this  fee,  in  order  to  ferve  the  Earl's   caufe  in 

thofe  troublefome  times.     John  duke  of  Albany,  regent  of  the 

4  kii:gdom 


[     xxxiv     ] 

kingdom,  nominated  James  Ogilvy  their  ambaflador  in  France,  and 
]">ope  Leo  X.  Robert  Forman  dean  of  Glafgow.  Gordon's  intereft 
prevailed.  But  his  ill  health  did  not  permit  him  to  enjoy  it  above 
three  years,  at  the  end  of  which  he  died,  and  was  buried  before  the 
high  altar  of  his  cathedral.  During  this  interval  nothing  was 
done  towards  compleating  William's  defigns  for  his  college  and 
bridge:  but  no  fooner  had  Gavin  Dunbar  fucceeded  to  the  fee 
but  he  turned  his  thoughts  to  the  college,  vifited  all  the  build- 
ings, veffels,  and  ornaments,  and  laft  of  all  the  bridge.  In  order 
to  complete  thefe,  he  ordered  that  Alexander  Galloway,  to  whom 
bifliop  William  committed  his  fortune,  as  to  a  principal  and  faith- 
ful friend,  and  who  had  been  an  efpecial  patron  and  benefadtor  to 
the  college,  {hould  receive  the  feveral  legacies  for  the  college  and 
bridge,  and  lay  them  out  according  to  his  intention.  Gavin  him- 
felf  contributed  handfomely  to  both,  and  at  his  own  expence  cieled 
the  cathedral.  To  him  Boethius  dedicated  his  Hiftory  of  the  See^ 
1620, 


SERIES 


[       XXXV       ] 


R  I  E 


O      F 


BISHOPS    of    M  O  R  T  L  A  C  K.    and    ABERDEEN, 


FROM 


BoETHius,  and  Keith's  Catalogue  of  Scotch  Bilhops,  p.  60 — 7  9,  &c 


B 


EYN,  1015 — 1047%  died  Dec.  1 6,  at  Mortlich,  buried  at' 
'  the  poftern  door  of  his  church,  where  his  effigy  in  ftone. 
yet  to  be  feen  Ues  in  the  wall''. 

2.  DoNORT  or  Baknoc,  died  1098,  fat  42  years'",  buried  in  the  ■ 
fame  place  with  Boyn. 

3.  CoRMACK,  39  years. 

4.  Nectan,  16  Alexander  I.  fat  14  years  at  Morthlack,  tranf— 
ferred  the  fee  to  Old  Aberdeen,  1154,  where  he  fat  17  years» 
Boethius  makes  him  die  1152,  i  Malcolm  III. 

5.  Edward,  fat  1 1  years. 

6.  Qalfr ID,-  before  1 159;  not  mentioned  by  Boethius. 

7.  Mathew  KiNNiMUND,  [172,  1 1  Malcolm  III.  died  1 1 97; 

8.  John,  prior  of  Kelfo,  died  1206  or  1207, 
g.  Adam  Kai ail,  died  1237. 

10.  Mathew  Scot,  died  before  confecration. 

1 1.  Gilbert  de  Stirling,  died  1238  or  1239. 

»  1041,  Boethius.  ^  Chanonry  of  Aberdeen  MS." 

*  Boethius. 

Randoli.-- 


[     xxxvi     ] 

13.  Randolf  or  RoDULF,  abbot  of  Arbroath,  fat  8  years,  died 
1247,  30  Alexander  II. 

13.  Peter  dr  Ramsay,  fat  10  years,  died  1256,  5  Alex.  III. 

14.  Richard  de  Potton^  died  1267,  18  Alexander  III.* 

15.  Hughde  Benham*^,  died  1279,  at  his  palace  at  LochGoiil. 

16.  Henry  Cheyn,  1281^,  fat  48  years,  died  1329''.  He 
added  four  prebends  to  the  former  twelve. 

17.  Alexander  de  KiNNiNMUND,  8329,  fat  it  years,  built 
two  epifcopal  palaces  at  Aberdeen  and  Fekyrneyr.  In  his  fecond 
year,  1330,  the  Englifli  landed  and  burnt  Aberdeen  for  fix  days. 
1 2  David  II. 

18.  William  Deyn  fucceeded,  1341,  fat  10  years,  died 
21  David  II.   1 35 1. 

19.  John  Rait,  1351,  fat  6  years,  died  1355,  buried  in  the 
choir  of  Aberdeen. 

20.  Alexander  Kinninmund,  1356,  fat  24  years.  He 
pulled  down  the  old  church,  and  began  the  new,  but  finiflied 
only  the  bell  tower,  and  was  fent  ambaffador  to  France,  tlied  at 
Scone  of  the  flrangury  1381,  buried  before  the  high  altar. 

21.  Adam  de  Tinningham,  dean  of  Aberdeen  1382,  died 
1390,  3  Rob.  III. 

22.  Gilbert  Greenlaw,  1390,  chancellor  of  the  kingdom 
1394,  which  he  refigned,  and  died  1424,  and  was  buried  in  the 
choir  of  his  cathedral. 

23.  Henry  Leighton,  tranflated  from  Murray  1424,  was 
one  of  the  commiffioners  for  negociating  the  ranfom  of  James  I. 
and  brought  him  back  from  England.  He  filled  this  fee  1 8  years, 
and  died  1440,  and  was  buried  in  St.  John  the  Evangelift's  cha- 
pel in  the  North  tranfept  of  his  cathedral,  where  his  tomb  fiill  re- 

^  PoTTOK.  Boetliius.  *  Boethius. 

'  Benukvm.     Boethius.  ^  Keith. 

'■  Keith  fays  1333,  yet  dates  his  fuccellbr  1329. 

mains. 


£     xxxix     } 

Eiains,  and  by  his  epitaph  it   appears  that  "  ecckfie  fabricam  a 
'cborojlatione  Jeorjum  ufque  ad  fummitatem  parktum  plene  q/lruxit,^' 

24.  Ingram  Lindsay,  1440,  died  1451.  He  roofed  and 
paved  his  cathedral. 

25.  Thomas  Spence,  tranllated  from  Galloway  1459,  keeper 
of  the  privy  feal.  He  ered:ed  an  hofpital  at  Edinburgh,  and  dy- 
ing there,  April  15,  1480,  was  buried  in  Trinity  college  church 
in  that  city, 

16.  Robert  Blackader,  prebendary  of  Glafgow,  redor  of 
Cardros,  ambaffador  from  James  IV.  to  the  Pope,  tranflated  to 
Glafgow. 

27.  William    Elphinston,    fon    of    William    Elphinfton, 
younger  fon  of  the  family  of  Elphiniion,  burgefs  of  Claigow, 
who  after  the  death  of  his  wife  took,  orders,   and  was  re<5lor  of 
Kirkchurch,  and  archdeacon  of  Tiviotdale,  in  which  ftation  he 
di-ed,  i486.      His  fon  William  was  born  at  Glafgow  1437,  was 
redlor  of  St.  Michael,  Glafgow,  and  official  of  that  diocefe  1471, 
official  of  Lothian,  fat  in  parliament   1478,  archdeacon  of  Argyle 
1479,  billiop  of  Rofs  1482-3,  of  Aberdeen    1483-4,  lord  chan- 
<:ellor  1487-8,  lord  privy  feal    1492,  founded  the   Univerfity  of 
Aberdeen  1494.      On  the  death  of  James  IV.  the  queen  dowager 
intended  to  have  fet  him  at  the  head  of  the  church,  and  wrote 
to  the  pope  on  the  bifliop  of  St.  Andrew's  being  llain  at  Floddon. 
H€died061:ober2  5,  15  14,  and  was  buried  before  the  high  altar  of 
his  cathedral.      He  was  a  diligent  fearcher  into  the  antiquities  of 
his  nation,  and  wrote  A  Chronicle  of  Scotland,   MS.  in  the  Bod- 
leian library,  Fairfax  8.;  Statutes  of  Councils,  and  Lives  of  Scottilli 
Saints^.      His  arms,  a  chevron  between  three  bears  heads  ;   motto, 
Non   confundar,    are  on  the  fchools  at  King's   college,    on    the 
Trades'  hofpital,  and  on  the  crofs.      The  fame  arms   under  a  cap 
with  the  name  of  John  Elphinrton  are  on  Cluny's  gate. 

t  Tanner's  Bib.  Brit,  in  yoc. 

f  28.   Alex- 


C       xl       ] 

28.  Alexander  Gordon,  15 14,  recftor  of  Fettereflb,  chantor 
of  Murray,  died  June  29,  1 5 1 8. 

29.  Gavin  Dunbar,  151 8,  dean  of  Murray  1488,  archdeacon 
of  St.  Andrew's  1503.  Fie  built  the  ftately  bridge  of  feven  arches 
over  the  river  Dee,  and  an  hofpital  for  1 2  poor  men  with  a  pre- 
ceptor 1531  ;  over  the  gate  of  which  is  infcribed  Per  executoreSf 
and  on  the  South  fide  of  the  oratory,  Duodecim  pauperibus  dominn 
banc  reverendus  pater  Gavinus  Dunbar  hnjus  alwcc  fedis  quondam 
pontifex  ccdtjicarejiiffit  anno  a  Xto  nato  1532.  ©sw  Jo^a.  He  died 
March  9,  1532,  and  was  buried  in  the  cathedral,  where  at  the 
South  end  of  the  South  tranfept  called  his  aile  is  his  figure  in  pon^ 
tificalibiis^  on  a  tomb  under  a  round  flowered  arch,  with  his  arms,, 
3  culhions  pendant  at  the  corners  in  a  bordure  fleure;  and  thofe 
of  Scotland.  His  arms  and  initials,  ob,  1532,  are  on  the  fchools 
at  Ring's  college. 

30.  William  Stewart,  parfon  of  Lochmaben,  re<Slor  of  Air,, 
and  prebendary  of  Glafgow.  hi  1537  dean  of  Glafgow,  1528  lord 
treafurer  and  provofl:  of  Lincluden,,  He  died  1545.  His  arms, 
a  fefs  debruiied  by  a  bend  ingrailed.  W.  S.  ob.  1345:  Motto, 
Virejcunt  vulnere  vires ^  are  on  the  fchools  as  above. 

31.  William  Gordon,  of  the  houfe  of  Huntley,  1517,  died 
J  SIT'  ^^^s  commiffion  to  Robert  bilhop  of  Orkney,  &:c.  to  adt 
as  vicar  general  for  him  during  his  relidence  in  France  is  printed 
in  Keith's  Catalogue,  p.  173.  with  an  inventory  of  the  plate  and 
veftments  of  his  church  delivered  by  him  to  his  canons  1559. 


After  the  Reformation. 

32.  David  Cunningham,  fubdean  of  Glafgow,    1577,  died 

1603. 

33.  Peter  Blackburn,  redor  of  St.  Nicholas,  Aberdeen,  died 

161 5.  7  34-  Alex- 


[      xli      ] 

34.  Alexander  Forbes,  tranflated  from  Caithnefs,  died  16 18. 

35.  Patrick  Forbes,  died  1635,  aged  71,  buried  m  the  South 
aile  of  his  cathedral,  where  is  a  fiat  ftonc  with  his  arms  andepi- 
tajoh.  He  ufed  to  vifit  his  diocefe  in  fo  private  a  manner,  that  he 
was  fcarce  heard  of  till  he  came  into  the  church,  and  according 
as  he  perceived  the  minirters  behave  he  gave  his  inil:ru6tions  to 
them.  He  wrote  a  Commentary  on  the  Revelations.  A  life  of 
him  was  printed  at  Amilerdam,  1703. 

36.  Adam  Ballenden,  minifter  of  Falkirk  160S,  bifliop  of 
Dumblane  161 5,  tranflated  hither  1635,  deprived  and  excom- 
municated by  the  fynod  of  Glafgow  1638,  withdrew  to  England, 
and  died  there. 

37.  David  MiTCHEL,  minifter  in  Edinburgh,  deprived  1638, 
beneficed  in  England,  prebendary  of  VVeitminfter,  do6lor  in  divinity 
at  Oxford  1 66  r,  confecrated  bifliop  of  Aberdeen  1663,  died  next 
year,  and  was  buried  in  the  cathedral. 

38.  Alexander  Burnet,  born  1619,  chaplain  to  the  great 
earl  of  Traquar,  retired  into  England  on  the  troubles,  prefented 
to  the  re(5tory  of  in  Kent,  ejected  1650,  confecrated  1662, 
tranflated  to  Glafgow  1663,  to  St.  Andrew's  1679,  where  he  died, 
and  was  buried  1684. 

39.  Patrick  Scougal,  parfon  of  Salton  inEaft  Lothian,  con- 
fecrated 1664,  died  February  16,  1692,  aged  73* 

40.  George  Haleburton,  minifler  of  Coupar  in  Angus,  bi- 
fhop  of  Brechin  1678,  tranflated  hither  1682,  where  he  fat  till 
the  Revolution  1688,  and  died  at  his  houfe  at  Denhead  in  Gouper 
parifli,  Sept.  29,  1715,  aged  77. 


£2  DESCRIP- 


C   xlii   1 


description: 


O        F 


OLD  ABERDEEN; 


1771, 


OLD  ABERDEEN*  is  a  long  town,  irregularly  built,  andfincc 
the  Revolution  and  the  lols  of  its  billioprick  having  been  de- 
ferted  by  the  manyconfiderable  families  who  had  houfes  round  the 
clofe,  its  principal  dependance  is  on  the  college.  This  building  con- 
fiils  of  an  oblong  court,  whofe  South  fide  contains  the  hall  and  a  fet 
of  handfome  fallied  apartments  on  piazzas  built  by  Dr.  Frazer, 
The  Eaft  end  is  alfo  apartments;  the  library  and  fchools  form  the 
North  fide;  and  on  the  Weft  was  a  grammar  fchool,  taken  down, 
and  rebuilt  in  another  place.  The  hall  is  ornamented  with  fome 
tolerable  portraits.  Over  the  chimney,  billiops  Elphinfton  and 
Danbar,  copied  from  originals  in  the  principal's  lodge.      Bifliops 

*  To  enter  0!d  Aberdeen  you  crofs  the  Don  by  a  flnpendous  finglc  Gothic  arch 
about  70  feet  from  the  furface  of  the  water.  Henry  Le  Chen,  bifhop  here  1281  — 
13^-9,  for  joy  that  Bruce's  fortune  turned,  and  himfelf  was  able  to  como  back  from 
England,  applied  all  the  revenues  of  his  fee  for  the  time  of  his  abfencc  to  build  this 
britlge,  which  is  72  feet  wide  at  the  water,  and  60  feet  high  to  the  top  of  the  arch. 
(Keith's  Cat.  p.  65. j  Iiifewhere  Keith  fays,  it  is  66  feet  10  inches  wide,  34^  feet  per- 
pendicular height  to  the  wate'r,  depth  of  water  from  the  furface  to  the  bottom  under 
the  arch  at  low  water  19J  feet-  (lb.  p.  242.)  The  North  bank  of  the  river  is  formed 
of  romantic  perpendicular  clifFi.  From  hence  it  is  near  a  mile  to  the  town,  by  a 
hand  ome  mode.'-n  houie  of  George  Middleton,  reiTtor  or  vicechaucello:  of  King's  col- 
A'.-{;e 

Forbes, 


I      xliii      ] 

Forbes,  Leflie,  and  Scongal ;  Dr.  Henry  Scougal  Ton  of  the  bifliop, 
profeffor  of  divinity ;   Mr.  Ogilvie  of  Inchmartin,  who  founded  a 
fcholarfliip.  Col.Buqhan.  ProfeflbrsSandiland  and  Gordon.  George 
Buchanan.     The  ten  Sibyls,  faid  to  be  likeneffes  of  the  moft  cele- 
brated beauties  of  the  time,  by  Jamefon-'-.     Over  the  door  a  good 
portrait  of  Dr.  Frazer,  librarian  to  Queen  Anne.      Queen  Mary, 
1684..    The  library  is  furniilicd  with  variety  of  good  books,  and 
has  a  fund  for  augmenting  it:.     In  it  is  an  ancient  plan  of  Aber- 
deen by  James  Gordon,,  and  a  filver  penny  of  one  of  the  Scottilh 
kings  found  here;  feveral  millals,  ancient  and  foreign  ai-ms,  and 
fundry  natural  curiolities.      The  fchools  under  the  library  are  for 
Greek,  mathematics,  morality,  philofophy,  and  hiftory.     On  the 
frojit  v/ithout  under  the  windows  are  thefe  coats: 

A  chevron  between  3  bears  heads  under  a  mitre  W.  E.  o<^.  151/1,. 

Non  confundar. 
A  fefs  debruifed  by  a  bend  ingrailed  mitred  W.  S.  0^.  1 545. 

Fire/cunt  vulnere  vires. 
A  faltire  and  chief,  H.  B.  ol/.'  1536. 
A  lion  rampant^  R .  M .  dec.  Abd.  1579. 
Three  lion's  heads  in  a  border  cheque,  .1 7  2  3, 

Fortior  quo  rnitior, 
Crcit,  a  demi  lion  rampant; 

James  Frafer,  1724,  his  arms  and  motto  Je  fuis.pret. 
At  the  South  end  of  this  fide  is  a  tower  for  anobfervato  y,  built 
1658  t,  with  the  lodgings  under  it. 

To  this  college  belong  a  principal,  fubprincipal,  who  is  alfo  one 
of  the  regents  or  profeiTors  of  philofophy,  and  fix  other  profefFors 
of  diviniiy-,  civil  law,  medicine,  humanity,  Greek,  Oriental  lan- 
guages, and  mathematicks,  and  a  doctor  of  divinity ;  the  bi. hop 
was  perpetual  cliantor,  and  the  official  or  commiffary  of  Aber- 
deen vicechancellor.     After  the  abolition  of  cpifcopacy  thefe  oTi;es 

=■*   Mr.  Pennant  thinl^s  they  arc  not  in  his  flylc. 

'j~  By  the  contributions  of  General  Monk  and  his  officers  qua  :  red  at  Abe  dec  n;- 

Peununt. 

fell 


[      xiiv      ] 

fell  into  lay  hands.  Inferior  officers  are  the  college  fervants,  and 
the  facrift  or  porter.  AH  the  fttidents  live  in  apartments  within 
the  college,  and  are  under  flri61;  regulations,  being  obliged  to  be 
at  home  by  nine,  and  to  put  out  all  lights  by  eleven. 

The  college  church  adjacent  has  been  a  beautitul  building.  The 
Weft  end  is  negle(5led  and  difufed.  Before  the  high  altar  was  the 
tomb  of  bifhop  Elphinfton  the  founder,  lately  ftripped  of  its  ca- 
nopy and  ornaments  for  fear  of  accidents,  and  reduced  to  a  plain 
blue  marble  flab.  The  fteeple  is  furrounded  by  a  kind  of  lantern 
fupported  by  four  arches,  and  on  the  top  a  crown.  Some  coats  of 
arms  almoft  defaced  appear  in  part  on  the  fides  of  the  great  Wefl 
window,  which  has  rich  tracery. 

At  the  head  of  the  town  ftands  St.  Machar's  church,  the  ancient 
•cathedral,  now  reduced  to  a  nave  (ferving  for  a  parilh  church),  and 
.{he  fliells  of  two  tranfepts.  Its  lofty  tower  in  the  centre  whofe 
fpire  was  a  fea  mark,  and  contained  14  large  tuneable  bells,  by 
its  fall  crullicd  all  the  Eaflern  part  of  the  church,  which  was  cir- 
cular, and  the  fite  is  at  prefent  walled  off.  The  Weft  front  is 
adorned  with  two  towers  and  Ipires  of  a  fingular  ftyle.  The  pil- 
lars of  the  great  tower  which  remain  ftiew  flowered  capitals.  The 
roof  of  the  nave  is  of  o;ik  in  fquare  pannels  painted  with  the 
arms  of  thofe  princes  and  nobles  who  contributed  to  its  ere6tion. 
Among  thofe  at  the  Weft  end  the  following  were  copied  as  faith- 
fully as  their  height  would  permit. 

, Nova  Aberdonia. 

G.  in  a  bordure  Arg.  an  open  book  A. 

Abbas  de  Dunejifair. 
A  lilly.  Fetus  Aberdonia. 

G.  on  a  chevron  A.    2  lions  paflant,  guardant. 

Prior  is  San&andree. 

Ducis  Gl 

Bocknnjfe  comitis. 

Paly 


Paly  of  6  O.  and  G.         MarifchaUi  co  .  ,.  .,  .. 
G.  an  eagle  difplayed,  O.  Sodorenfis  ep. 

Duels  Borbonie,. 
Regis  Poloniey 
Qrchadum  ep, 
Eirolie  co, 
G,  3  rofes  or  cinqfoils  A.    Lefnioren.  ep. 
This  deling  was  the  work  of  James  Winter  of  Angus,  at  the 
expence  of  bifliop  Dunbar.      (See  hereafter  p.  ig,  20.) 

On  the  fteeple  wall  within  a  fefs  cheque  debruifed  by  a  bend' 
engrailed.     Q.   bifliop  W.  Stezvart  as  before. 

Bifliop  Stewart  built  the  confiftory  houfe  adjoining  to  the  Weft 
end  on  the  North.  In^  it  under  a  ix)und  arch  lies  a  figure  in  a 
gown  and  hood,  a  lion  at  his  feet;  over  him  an  infcription  in 
black  letter  fb  overgrown  with  mofs,  that  one  can  only  read 

qui  DercflTit  2  2  ^wg.  caisltalt'st 

Die  juUt  fiijtis  m  ptrcpiftcfai;  Dc«0,    0»iw. 

At  tiie  bottom  of  the  South  aile  called  St.  Machar's,  then  bifliop- 
Cheyn's,  and  now  bifliop  Scougal's  aile,  is  a  monument  and  bult. 
of  bifliop  Scougal,  1682. 

The  nave  reils  on  feven  pointed  arches  on  a  fide  with  rounds 
pillars.      This  was  begun  by  bifliop  Alexander  Kinninmud,  fecond- 
of  the  name,  1357?  having  been  burnt  with  great  part  of  the 
town  by  the  Englifli  1333°      At  his  death,  1370,  the  walls  were 
got  only  fix  cubits  high.     The  South  door  having  an  excellent 

porch 


[      xlvi       ] 

iporch  is  called  the  Marriage  door.  Over  it  under  a  mitre  is  .  , 
,.  .  .  quartering  a  fpread  eagle.  The  Weft  front  and  towers  be- 
gun by  bifliopLeighton  werefiniflied  by  bifhop  Dunbar:  the  great 
tower  and  fteeple  begun  alio  by  bilhop  Leighton  were  finiflied  by 
bifliop  Elphinfton.  The  North  tranfept  or  St.  John's  aile  was 
built  by  bifhop  Leighton,  who  is  buried  at  the  North  end  of  it. 
His  effigy,  inpofitificalibus,  on  an  altar  tomb  with  a  canopy,  under 
■^•hich  is  this  infcription  in  black  letter, 

%\tmti  boite  memojic  E3enric«3  6c  Htcijtoun  ufriufq;  m\&  Doctor  qui 

aiD  pcclic  2po:aljicit.  jegimcn  olim  ciTct  affumptiis,  ubi  fcptcniiio  pj;sfuit,  temiim  ao 

tttara  tranOatus  ftiit,  in  qua  i8  annosrcrit,  pracfcntifq. 

crclcCe  fab^iram  a  cl)0;>8  ftafionc  fcorfiim  ufq;  ao  fumnutatcm 

pcvictum  plcncnffrunta.  £?.  S^CCCCili.- 

The  bifliop  feems  to  have  died  before  the  laying  on  of  the 
roof,  which  was  blown  in  by  a  violent  ftorm.  The  Marquis  of 
liuntly  bought  this  aile  for  a  burying  .place,  1680.     (Seep.  22.) 

The  South  tranfept  was  built  by  billiop  Dunbar,  and  is  called 
his  aiie.  His  figure,  inpontificaUbiis^  lies  on  an  altar  tomb,  under  a 
round  flowered  arch,  at  whofe  bales  are  his  arms ;  3  cufliions  pendant 
at  the  corners  in  abordure,  and  thofeof  Scotland.  h\\  th^it  remains  of 
his  epitaph  is  the  firft  word  Sub.  His  body  lies  in  a  vault  below.  (See 
p.  2  1.)  By  him  lies  a  blue  ftone  for  bifliop  Forbes,  1685,  with  his 
arms.  The  door  into  this  aile  from  the  church  yard  is  ftill  remain- 
ing. In  the  fame  tranfept  under  another  round  arch  of  oak  branches 
is  another  altar  tomb  with  a  bifliop  in  pontiftcaUbus^  headlefs,  a 
lion  at  his  feet,  and  under  his  head  a  pointed  helmet  for  a  cufliion 
Arms,  a  lion  rampant  queue  four che  dcbruifed  by  a  bend  charged 
with  three  efcallops.  The  Eaft  end  and  choir  were  begun  to  be 
rebuilt  by  bifliop  Elphinfton,  but  left  unfiniflied  at  his  death; 
the  clergy  of  this  church  undertook  to  complete  his   defign  in  a 

niagni- 


[      xlvii      ] 

magnificent  manner,  and  brought  out  the  high  altar,  and  placed 
it  in  billiop  Dunbar's  aile;  but  the  Reformation  coming  on  put  a 
flop  to  the  plan-.  In  this  church,  befides  the  bifliops  abovemen- 
tioned,  were  buried  bifliops  Raith  1355,  and  Lindfay  1458,  in  the 
choir,  and  in  the  yard  bifliop  Mitchell,  1662. 

The  bifliop's  palace  ftood  at  the  Eaft  end  of  the  cathedral  com- 
municating with  the  chancel,  but  only  the  fite  and  foffes  remain. 
The  deanry  with  its  revenue  is  appropriated  to  the  minifter  of  St. 
Machar,  and  has  the  arms  of  Scotland  over  the  gate.  The  houfes  of 
the -Other  prebends  were  moftly  taken  down  about  1725,  and  little 
remains  except  the  chapel  in  the  prebendary  of  Kimardin's  houfe, 
in  which  is  or  was  on  the  ftair  John  ElphinJloTf%  name.  Thefe 
houfes  were  moftly  on  the  Weft  and  North  fide  of  the  chancel,  as 
on  the  Eaft  were  houfes  of  the  principal  nobility,  particularly  the 
dtike  of  Gordon,  all  within  the  clofe,  which  is  entered  by  a  gate 
called  Clugnfs  gate,  over  which  was  a  figure  of  the  Virgin,  the 
arms  of  Scotland  and  of  Aberdeen  (a  pot  of  lilies),  and  on  the 
inner  face  the  arms  of  Scotland  and  Gordon.  On  it  is  this  infcrip- 
tion:  M.  Johanis  Elph  .  .  .  :  under  a. cap  a  chevron  between 
three  bears  heads  muzzled. 

Dominus  Alex.  Goj-don  a  Cluny  jniles  me adijicari fecit ^  A.D.  1623, 
Jlorente  Patricio  Forbefio  Aberd.  epo. 

Among  the  ruins  of  houfes  within  this  gate  is  a  door  over 
which  were  carved  two  rude  bufts  fuperfcribed  in  capitals : 

Ladi  dux  Venetus  Petrus*;      afhield  with  a  crofs*. 
8c 
Anadimus  barbarus. 

The  Trades  hofpital  and  Trinity  church  were  built  on  the  fite 
of  the  convent  of  Mathurines  +.      On  the  former  is  the  date  1 7 1 1, 

*  'I'his  may  mean  Peter  Landi,  who  was  Doge  of  Venice  1538 — 1545,  and  had  . 
war  with  the  Turks. 
•f  Keith's  Car.  242.- 

g  Arms,, 


[      xlviii      ] 

Arms  of  Scotland  fupported  by  a  lion  and  unicorn,  and  the  arms 
of  Elphinfton. 

On  the  top  of  a  crofs  in  the  parting  of  the  ftreets  by  the  clofe, 
arms  of  Scotland,  bilhops  Elphinfton,  Dunbar,  and  Stewart.  At 
it  is  kept  the  fix  weeks  market. 

On  a  gate  nearly  fronting  the  college  are  bifliop  Elphinfton's 
arms,  and  below  them  on  a  bend  three  ftars. 

Over  a  gate  of  an  old  houfe  almoft  fronting  the  college,  3  cinq- 
foils  in  a  border  of  3  crowns  and  3  cinqfoils  alternately  impaling 
3  blackmoors  heads.  Creft,  a  crefcent.  Motto,  Crejcat  Deo  pr.o^ 
jnotore. 

The  Dominicans  had  a  houfe  in  Aberdeen  founded  by  Alex- 
ander II.* 

On  the  Weft  fide  of  the  town  is  a  modern  free  fchool. 

On  the  fea  coaft  a  fort  and  remains  of  the  caftle  dcftroyed  by 
Cromwell. 

*  Keith,  271. 


HISTORY 


[  I  ] 

H    ^F     g      T      O      R     Ki¥ 

O      F 

A     B     E     R     p     E     E 

ADefcription  of  the  Chanonry  in  Old  Aberdeen:  Together 
--  with  many  curious,  entertaining,  and  plealant  Remarks  on  the 
faid  Town,  &c.  for  the  years  1724  and  1725. 

THE  chanonry,  or  chanry,  contained  within  it  the  cathedral 
church,  the  billiop's  palace,  the  prebend's  lodgings,  their 
yards,  gleibs,  or  little  faills,  the  chaplain's  court,  or  chambers ; 
and  qn  hofpital  for  twelve  poor  men. 

^  .,Jt  had  four  ports,  viz.  1.  The  South,  commonly  called   Glu- 
me's, yet  remaining  entire,  with  this  infcription  above  it: 
Hac  ne  vade  ^via,  nifi  dixeris  Ave  Maria, 
Invenies  veniamjic  fahitando  Mariam. 
Pafs  not  this  way,  unlefs  you  fay,  Hail  Mary, 
By  fuch  a  faliitation,  you'll  obtain  pardon. 
Above  it  w'as  likewife  the  effigies  of  the  BlelTed  Virgin  Marv  ; 
but  it  was  broken  down  in  the  beginning  of  the  Reformation, 
when  the  cathedral  was   ruined ;    as  alfo,    a  pot  with  lilies,   yet 
to  be  feen. 

Ab  Adriano  Papa  primo  poteftas  faSia  Eduardo  epifcopo  Aber- 
donenfi  injlituendi  Collegium  Canonicorufn,  Anno  Dom.  1 157.  4/^/. 
Aug.  Pope  Adrian  w'as  the  firft  that  granted  to  Edward  bifliop 
of  Aberdeen  a  power  to  inftitute  a  college  of  canons,  Auguft  4, 
1 1 5  7 .      This  inftitution  is  lofb. 

In  the  reign  of  king  Alexander  II.  anno  121  ,  there  was  a 
Studium  generale  in  Collegia  Canonicomm,  common  fchool  in  the 

B  college 


1  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

college  of  canons,  where  there  were  profeflbrs,  and  doctors  of  di- 
vinity, and  of  the  canon  and  civil  laws;  and  many  learned  men 
have  flourilhed  therein.  ; ; 

A  fecond  was  at  the  parfon  of  Kinkell's  manfe,  commonly  called 
Berfemore's  Lodging,  near  Donidon,  or  Tilliedron.  A  third  at 
the  bifhop's  palace.  And  a  fourth  atthe  chaplain's  court,  orcham- 
bers.  It  was  built  by  William  Stewart,  bilhop  of  Aberdeen,  and 
chancellor  of  Scotland,  as  witnefs  his  name  oh  it;  and  ftands  yet 
entire,  having  above  it  the  effigies  of  the  Blefled  Virgin  Mary,  de- 
faced. 

This  chanry  had  ftrong  high  walls  and  dykes  (for  defence  in 
troublefome  times),  whereof  fome  part  yet'ftands.'^'''''^' 

Several  years  after  it  was  built,  the  bifliop  of  Aberdeen,  in 
procefs  of  time,  fued  out  to  people  (to  be  inhabitants)  both  houfes 
and  land  abotit  this  ancient  city,  V/hich  was  firft  a  village  of  four 
ploughs,  and  had  a  little  kirk,  where  the  cathedral  now'  ftands, 
called  the  kirk  of  Kirktow^n,  dedicated  to  Saint  Machar.  Biit 
David  I.  or  St.  David,  brought  hither  the  bifliop's  fee  from 
Mortlack,  anno  1 154;   as  appears  by  the  following  charter: 

Charta   primaria    Ecclefioe    Ca-  The  chief  Charter  of  the  Cathe- 

thedralis  Aberdonenfis,  fadta  dral     Church    of    Aberdon, 

Nccflano     Epifcopo    Aberdo-  granted  to  Nedtanus  Billiop 

nenfi.  of  Aberdon. 

"  David,  Dei  gratia,  Rex  Scotor',  "  David,  by  the  grace  of  God, 

omnibus  probis  hominibus  to-  King  of  Scots ;    to    all  the   ho- 

tius  terroe  fuae,  Cleriois  &:  Laicis,  nourable  men  in  his  haill   do- 

Salutem  ;    Sciant    prgefentes    8c  minions,  the  Clergy  and  Laity, 

futuri,  me  dediffe,  conceffiife,  &l  fendeth   Greeting  :     Know,  all 

hac  prcefeiiti  charta  confirmafie  men,   both  prefent  and  to  corne, 

Deo  &:  Beata;  Mariai,  Beato  Ma-  Me  to  have  given,  granted,  and 

chario,     &    Netftano,    Epifcopo  by  this  prefent  Charter  confirm- 

Aberdonenfi,  totam   Villam   de  ed,  to  God  and  the  Blefled  Mary, 

2                           Vetere  St. 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  3 

Vetere  Aberdon;     cUmiciiam  a-    St.  Machar,   and  Nedanus,   Bi- 
quam  de  Uorth,  Sclattie,  Gouie,    fliop  of  Aberdeen,  the  haill  vil- 
Muriecroft,  Kinmimdy,  Mameii-    lage  of  Old   Aberdon,  half  the 
lach,   &:  ecclefiam  de  Kirktoun  ;    water  of  Worth,  Sclattie,  Goule, 
Sciram  deClatt;   Sciram  de  Da-    Muriecroft,  Kinmundy,Mameu- 
viot    Tillieneftin  ;     Sciram     de    lach,  and  the  kirk  of  Kirktown ; 
Raine,  Sciram  de  Daviot,    cum    the  Pariili  of  Clatt;   the   Parifli 
pertinentiis    earundem,     2c    cc-    of  Daviot  Til  lien  eftie ;    the  Pa- 
clefijs;     decimam  canium  navi-    rifli  of  Raine;   the  tithe  of  the 
iim,quoe  veniunt  apud  Aberdon;    lliips  called   Snows,    which   ar- 
decimam  annonoe  in  eodem  lo-    rive  at  Aberdeen;   the  tithe  of 
CO ;   decimam  meam  de  redditi-    vidlual   there  ;    my  own    tithe 
bus  de  Aberdeen;  decimam  Tha-    of  the  revenues  of  Aberdeen; 
nagior',   reddituum,  ac   efchea-    the   tithe  of  the   Thanaoe-Re- 
tar'  mihi    contingentium    infra    venues,  and  Efcheats  belonging 
Vice-comitatus  de  Aberdeen  8c    tome,beyond*  the  Sheriffdom  of 
Banff,  tenend.  &:  habend.  didlo    Aberdeen  and  Banff,  having  and 
Epifcopo  Ne61:ano,    &  ejus  fuc-    holding  to  the  faid  Bilhop  Nec- 
ceflbribus,  in  puram  eleemofy-    tanus,  and  his  fucceflbrs,   as  a 
nam  ita  libere  ficut  aliqua  elee-    pure  and  free  almfdeed,    as  free 
mofyna  in  regno  meo  tenetur;    as  any  other  of  this  kind  is  held 
tcfte  meiplb  apud  Farfar,  Anno    to  be  done  in  my  kingdom ;   as  ■ 
Regni  mei  decimo  tertio,  tricefi-    witnefs  my  hand  at  Farfar,    the 
mo  menfis  Junij."  13th  year  of    my  Reign,    and 

30th  day  of  June." 

A  copy  of  the  Charter  and  Ratification  of  Old  Aberdeen,  and 
its  Privileges,  granted  in  the  Month  of  Auguft,  149S. 
"  James,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King  of  Scots,  to  all  our  good 
Subjects,  as  well  Civil  as  Ecclefiartic,  within' the  bounds  of  our 
Dominions,  Salutation.  Be  it  known  that  We,  now  having  come 
to  our  ripe  and  perfeift  age  of  25  years,  have  reduced  to  our  me- 
mory,   after  our  general  Revocation  of  all  Donations  given  and 

*  fFithin. 

B  2  granted 


4  HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 

granted  by  Us  in  our  tender  age;   and  that  We  have  found,  both 
We  and  our  Council,  by  our  ancient  Regifters  and  Records,    evi- 
dently that  fometime  our  moft  Royal  PredecefTor,   David,  moft 
glorious   King  of  Scots,    fued    and  erected  the    Vill  of  Aber- 
deen, with   the  bounds   and   pertinents,    commonly    called   Old 
Aberdon,  into  an  Epifcopal  Seat,  and  City  for  ever;  with  all  rights 
and  priviledges  belonging  to  a  City;   and  We  repute   and  de- 
clare the  faid  Vill  to  have   been  lb  fued  and  erected;    and    We 
anew  again,  having  come  to  our  perfeiSl  age,    as  is  faid  before, 
do  fue  and  ere6t  the  fame,    with  the  rights  and  liberties,  and 
jDriviledges  belonging  to    a   City  and    Univerlity,  with  as  great 
freedom  and  liberty  as  any  City  or  Univerfity  within  our  King- 
dom is  infeft  or  pofTefTed  ;  and,    for  the  more  fecurity  and  clear 
liberty  of  the  aforefaid  City  and  Univerfity,    and   alfo  for  the 
fpecial  devotion  which    We  bear   to   the  moft  glorious  Virgin 
Mary,  Patron  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Aberdon,  in  praife  and 
honour  of  her;   and,   for  the  fingular  favour  and  love  We  bear 
towards  the  Reverend  Father  in  Chrift  William  Elphilfton,  pre- 
fent  Biiliop  and  Prelate  of  the  faid  Cathedral  Church,    our  well- 
beloved  Chancellor,  Keeper  of  our  Privy-Seal;   and  for  his  faith- 
ful  and   willing   fervice    freely    undertaking    great    travel    and 
expences     at    diverfe    times    in     our    employments,      and   am- 
bafTages   to  the  Kings  and  Kingdoms  of  France  and  England, 
to  the  Dukes  of  Burgundy    and  Auftria,   and  other  Potentates, 
and   foreign    Parts,  and   in    our   fervice    within    our   Kingdom, 
for  the  common  Wealth  and  Tranquillity   thereof  diverfe  ways 
by    him    accompliflied ;     and  alfo,    for    the  unity,    quiet,    and 
necciliiry  fuftentation  of  the  Reverend  Father  and  his  Succeflbrs, 
Chapter,  Canons,  Chaplains,  and  Subftitutes  of  the  aforefaid  Ca- 
thedral Church,  and  Univerfity  of  Aberdeen,  and  their  domertick 
fervitors  there  refiding;   We  have  created,  made,  and  fued,  now 
of  uew  as  before;   and,  by  the  tenor  of  this  our  prefent  Charter, 

We 


HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN.  5 

We  create,  make,  and  fue  the  aforefaid  Vill  of  Aberdon,  with  the 
bounds  and  pertinents,  into  a  City  and  Univerfity,  and  into  a  meer 
free  Burgh  of  Barony  for  ever.      We  have  granted  hkewife,   and 
by  thefe  Prefents  grant  to  thofe,  who  inhabit,  or  thole  who  in 
time  coming  ill  all  inhabit  the  fame,    full  power  and  libcrtv  of 
buying  and  felling  within  the  fame  Burgh  Wines,  Wax,  Cloth, 
woolen  and  linen,  broad  and  narrow,  and  other  Merchandize;   and 
of  having  and  keeping  Bakers,  Brewers,  and  Butchers,  as  well  of 
Flefhes  as  of  Fiihes;   and  other  Craftfmen  of  Trades  whatever 
manner  of  way  belonging  to  the  liberty  of  an  Burgh  of  Barony. 
And  alfo,  We   have  granted,    and   do  grant,   that  in  faid  City, 
Univerfity,  and  Burgh  of  Barony,   there  be  Bailies,  Serjeants,  and 
other  Officers,  necefiary  for  the  government  of  the  fame.      And, 
We  grant  tcr  the  faid  Reverend  Father,  and  his  SucceiTors  Bifliops 
of  Aberdeen,    full   power  and  liberty  of  choofing,    appointing, 
and  ordaining  yearly  the  faid  Provoft  and  Bailies,  Serjeants,    and 
other  Officers  neceffary;   and  in  putting  and  Removing  the  faid 
perfons  to  and  from  their  refpe(Slive  offices,  as  they  fliall  find  ex- 
pedient;   and   they  fliall  have  a  Crofs  and  Mercate-place  at   the 
fame,    and  the  Mercate-day    every  Munday;   and    public    Fairs 
every  year  for  ever,  viz.  one  on  the  Supper  of  our  Lord  before 
Pafch,  commonly  called  Skeir-Thurfday's  Fair;   another  on  the 
day  of  St.  Luke  the  Evangelift,  throughout  the  whole  eight  days; 
with    all  emoluments,    liberties,    and   priviledges  belonging,   or 
which  juftly  do  belong,  to  Luke's  Fair,  and  to  a   free  Burgh  of 
Barony,    and  to  a  City  and  Univerfity,    all  manner  of  v/ay;   as 
alfo.  We  have  given  and  granted,  and  by  this  our  prefent  Charter 
We  give  and  grant  to  the  Reverend  Father,    and  his  Succeilbrs, 
Chapters,   Canons,  Chaplains,  ami  Subftitutes  of  the  Cathedral- 
Church,  City,  and  Univerfity  aforeiaid,  now  prefent,  and  to  come, 
full  priviledge,  liberty,  and  power  of  buying  all  forts  of  Victuals,. 
Wines,  or  other  Merchandize,  brought  within  our  Port  of  Aber- 
don, 


6  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

don,    or  without  the  fame,    by  any  of  onr  lieges  whatfonievcr ; 
or  Grangers  of  other  kingdoms,   reforting  thither  for  our  com-' 
modious  utiUty;   both  for  the  Houfe-Suftentation  of  themfelves 
andFamihes;  and  of  feUing  again  the  faid  Victuals,  Wines,    or 
Merchandize ;     or,    by  and  attour   of  trafficquing  and    the  mer- 
chant,   any  manner  of  way ;   as  it  has  been  in  times  bygone  in- 
violably obferved,    of  holding  and  pofleding  the  aforefaid  Vill 
of  Aberdon  ;   the  faid  bounds  and  pertinents  of  a  City  and  Uni- 
verfity,  and  as  a  meer  and  free  Burgh  of  Barony,    to  the  faid  Re- 
verend Father,    and  his  Sncceflbrs,  Chapter,  Canons,  Chaplains, 
Subftitutes  ;     and   to    fuch   as  do   inhabit,    or    fliall    inhabit  in 
time  coming  for  ever,    the  aforefaid  Priviledges,  Sec.  Charter  and 
Gifts;   and  all  other  Liberties  and  Profits,  Commodities  and  Eafe- 
nients  whatfoever,  juftly  belonging  thereunto,    as  well  nominate 
as  innominate,  appertaining,  or  that   may  juftly   appertain,    any 
manner  of  way,  in  time  coming,   to  a  City,  Univerlity,  and  free 
Burgh  of  Barony;   and  as  freely,  quietly,  and   fully,    wholely, 
honourably,  well,  and  in  peace,  in  all  and  through  all,   as  in  any 
City,  Univerfity,  Burgh  of  Barony,   within  this  Kingdom,  in  any 
time  bygone  has  been  fued  or  pofleffed,   our  aforefaid  general  Re- 
vocation   no  \yays  gainftanded,  and   without  any  Revocation,  or 
Contradiction  of  Us,  or  our  Succeflbrs  w  hatfomever,  to  be  made 
any  manner  of  way  in  time  coming,    upon   the  premilfes.      In 
teftimony  whereof,  We  have  commanded  our  great    Seal  to  be 
appended  to  this  our  prefent  Charter,  l)efore  Witneffes;  our  moft 
dear  Brother   James    Archbifliop  of  St.    Andrew's,   D,.  of  Fvofs, 
8cc.   the  Reverend  Father  in  Chrift  Robert  ArchbiQiop  of  Glaf- 
gow,    the    aforefaid    William    Bilhop  of  Aberdon,    our  beloved 
Coufin    George   Earl  of   Huntley,    Lord  Badenoch    our    Chan- 
cellor,   Archibald   Earl  of  Angus,    Lord  Douglas,    Patrick   Earl 
of  Bothwell,    Lord   Hills,    Alexander    Lord    Hume  our  Cham- 
])crlain,  John  Lord  Drummondour  Juftice,  the  Venerable  Father 

in 


HISTORY      OF      ABERDEEN.  7 

in  Chrift  John  Priof  of  St.  Andrew's,  George  Abbot  of  Cam- 
"bufkenneth,  Sir  Robert  Lundie  of  Balgowney  Knight  our 
Treafurer,  and  our' beloved  Clerk  Mr.  Richard  Mairhead  Dean 
of  GlafgoAv  our  Secretary,  Robert  Wallace  Archdeacon  of  St. 
Andrew's,  and  Walter  Drummond  Dean  of  Dumblane,  Clerks  of 
our  Rolls,  Regifter  and  Council.- — At  Lhilithgow,  the  2  ill  day  of 
the  month  of  Auguft,  the  Year  of  God  One  Thoufand  Four  Hun- 
dred and  Ninety -Eight,  and  the  Eleventh  of  our  Reign." 

N.  B.  This  Charter,  tranflated  from  the  original  Latin  Copy, 
was  ratified  in  Parliament,   Anno  i66t. 

The  bifliops'  of  Aber-don,  being  fuperiprs  of  the  city  of  Old 
Aberdon,  have  the  nomination  of  the  provoft?,  bailies,  far- 
jeants,  and  other  neceliary  officers  of  the  faid  city,  and  did  al- 
ways (except  when  they  were  laid  afide)  chufe  gentlemen  of  dif- 
cretion  and  underftanding. 

The  biiliop's  courts,  viz.  prefbytery,  fynods,  the  courts  of  his 
vaffals,  and  com miiTary- court,  all  which  fat  here,  did  much  contri- 
bute to  and  advance  the  good  of  this  place.  In  the  faid  citythere  was 
ail  eledion  every  year  of  the  magiftrates  and  town  council,  confifting 
of  nineteen  perfons  of  good  reputation  and  knowledge;  the  trea- 
furer,  deacons,  conveener  of  trades,  and  town's  officers. 

It  was  called  Aberdon,  becaufe  fituated  near  the  river  Don;  feve- 
ral  years  before  king  David  I.  (who  erected  it  into  a  Burgh  of  Ba- 
rony, 1 1  24;  the  old  records  being  lolt  through  the  troubles  of  the 
times)  brought  the  bifhop's  fee  to  it.  It  is  likewife  callfed  the 
city  of  Old  Aberdon  by  king  James  IV.  in  his  faid  charter;  tho' 
James  Skene,  in  his  book  of  the  Defcription  of  the  City  of  Aber- 
deen, thinks  that  the  old  town  fliould  not  be  called  a  city,  which 
is  a  reflection  on  the  dignity  of  the  place.  He  alio  faith  in  his 
faid  book.  That  Aberdeen  was  built  anno  1333.  But  Hedlor 
Bocth,  Boetius,  or  Boyes  (defcend.ed  from  the  Bocths  of  Panbride 
in  Angus)  whole  authority  is  better,  and  more  to   be  believed,, 

in: 


8  HISTORY     O  F     A  B  E  R  D  £  E  N. 

in  his  hiil;ory  informs  us,  ^That  Aberdeen  Avas.burnt  anno  T333, 
by  the  Engliflimen  for  fix  days  together^,  and  that:  they  qarne  to 
Old  Aberdeen,  and  burned  alfo  fh'e  prebend'^,  lodgings  and  the 
bifliop's  palace  at  the  ■  farrie  time.,  Spotfvvood  fays,  that;  Nec- 
tanus,  when  king  David  brought  hither  the  bifliop's  fee,  was  th^e 
firlt  bifliop  here,  and  fat  1 40  years  at  Mortlaclj,-,  aii^d.  ievejptpm  at 
Aberdeen.  , 

A 1  i  ft  of  the  B I  s  1 1  o  p  § ;  of! ,  A^ljey 4^^n.  , 

King  Malcolm  11.  in  memory  of  the  defeat  he  gave  the  Danes 
at  Mortlach,  founded  there  a  bifliop's  fee,  anno  10 10,  and 
preferred  one  St.  Bean  to  be  the  firft  bifliop. 

2.  Donatins. 

3.  Cormachus. 

4.  Nicholas,    who  reigned  feventeeh,  years. 

King  David  I.   tranflated  the  bifhop's  fee  from  Mortlach  to  Old 
Aberdon,  anno  11 54. 

5.  Edward,  called  the  Maiden,  in  king  Malcolm's  time. 

6.  Matthew   Kininmonth,    who    founded    the    church   of  -Sta 
Machar.  '^^ 

7.  John,  prior  of  Kelfo. 

8.  One  Adam,   in  King  William's  time. 

9.  Mathew,  chancellor,  preferred  by' king  Alexander. 

10.  Gilbert  Stirling. 

11.  Rodulph,  abbot  of  Aberbrothock. 

I  2.   Patrick  Ramfay,  in  king  Alexander  III.'s  time. 

13.  Richard  Pottach,  an  Englifliman. 

14.  Hugh  Benham. 

15.  Henry  Cheyne,   nephew  to  lord  Gumming. 

16.  Alexander  Kininmonth,  dodlor  of  divinity,  in  Aberdeen. 

17- 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  9 

17.  William  Deans,  do(5lor  of  divinity,  in  whofe  time  the 
town  of  Aberdeen  was  burnt  by  the  Englifli  fix  days  to- 
gether. 

18.  John  Reith,  dotftor  of  divinity,  buried  in  the  quire. 

19.  Nicholaus,  in  king  David   Bruce's   time. 

20.  Adam  Cuningham. 

2 1 .  Gilbert  Greenlan\ 

22.  Henry  Lindoun,  buried  in  St.  John's  iilc,   which  he  built, 
anno  1441. 

23.  Seven    years    after   him  Ingraham   Lindfay,  doctor  of  the 
canon  laws. 

24.  Thomas  Spence,  bifhop  of  Galloway. 

25.  Robert  Blacafter. 

26.  William  Elphingfton. 

27.  Alexander  Gordon. 

28.  Gavin  Dunbar,  died  anno  1531. 

29.  William  Stewart,  Ion  to  the  earl  of  Huntley, 

30.  David    Cunningham. 

31.  Patrick  Blackburn,  I  ft  Proteflant  bifliop. 

32.  Alexander  Forbes. 

33.  Patrick  Forbes,  laird  of  Corfe. 

34.  Adam  Ballantine,   deprived  by  the  Covenanters. 

35.  King  Charles  II.  being  reftored,  caufed  confecrate  David 
Mitchell  bilhop  of  Aberdeen,  1662,  who  departed  this  life 
Jan.  1663,  and  was  buried  befide  bifliop  Forbes  of  Coife, 
in  Gavin  Dunbar's  ifle. 

36.  Alexander  Burnet,   buried  anno  1663. 

37.  Patrick  Scougal. 

38.  George  Haliburton,  died  anno  1715. 


Before 


lo  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

Before  this  chafiry  was  eredled,  the  bifliop  of  Aberdeen  lived 
in  his  lodging  at  Lochgoule,  now  called  the  Bifliop's  Loch;  for 
billiop  Benham  died  in  the  faid  lodging:  and  hiftorians  fay,  {in- 
fidiis  occiibnit)  he  was  worried;  and  others  affirm,  that  he  died  of 
the  cattarh.  There  is  a  little  piece  of  rifing  ground  within  Loch- 
goule, which  was  furrounded  with  the  water  thereof,  where  the 
bilhop  had  his  lodging,  confilfing  of  a  large  hall,  which  flood 
Eaft  and  Weft;  a  large  office-houfe  at  the  Weft,  and  another  at 
the  Eaft  end  of  the  faid  hall;  and  at  a  little  dift;ance,  upon  the 
South  fide  of  the  fliid  hall,  ftood  the  biftiop's  oratory,  Eaft  and 
Weft.  The  vejiigia,  or  remains,  of  all  which  are  yet  to  be  feen, 
and  the  faid  Loch  was  compafTed  about  with  a  wood  of  trees 
There  was  a  draw-bridge  for  pafling  to  the  biftiop's  lodging. 
Henry  Pantoun  of  Hilton,  was  the  firft  that  drained  fome  of  the 
water  of  this  Loch,  by  cafting  a  great  deep  ditch  on  the  Weft  end, 
to  convey  the  water  to  his  mill,  which  did  him  no  fervice  upon 
that  account.  But  it  is  fo  drained,  that  in  fummer  one  may  eaftly 
go  to  the  place  where  the  bifhop's  lodging  ftood;  but  in  winter 
the  water  of  Lochgoule  furrounds  it.  In  the  fiiid  Loch  is  abun- 
dance of  pikes,  and  no  other  fifties,  becaufe  no  other  burn  runs 
into  it;  but  at  fome  diftance  from  it  are  other  two;  the  one  called 
the  Corby,  and  the  other  the  Lilly- Loch  ;  in  both  of  which 
are  trouts  and  eels,  becaufe  of  a  burn  running  to  and  from  them. 


Of  the  Bishop's  Loch,  and  Customs  of  Old  Aberdeen. 

This  loch  at  firft  is  thought  to  have  been  a  mofs,  and  being 
eaft  for  peets  turned  into  a  loch  of  water.  Anno  1601,  king 
James  VI.  as  coming  in  place  of  the  biftiop's  dean,  &c.  gave  a 
charter  under  the  great  feal  to  Thomas  Gairden  of  Blairtown, 

commifTary- 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  ii 

commiiTary-clerk  of  Aberdeen,  of  faid  loch,  lying  on  the  Weft 
territories  of  Old  Aberdeen,  commonly-called  of  old  the  Dean's 
Loch,  with  the  cuftoms  of  the  faid  town,  for  payment  of  6s.  8d. 
Scots  of  fue  duty  yearly,  at  Whitfuntide  and  Martinmafs  in  winter, 
by  equal  portions.  He  was  infeft  in  this  Loch  and  cuftoms,  Jan. 
23,  1602,  8cc.  Having  obtained  the  faid  right  and  title,  he  be- 
came nneafy  to  the  inhabitants  of  Old  Aberdeen,  and  ufed  much 
diligence  againft  them  thereanent.  But,  anno  1604,  there  was  a 
fubmiffion  drawn  betwixt  them ;  and  Sir  Thomas  Gordon  of 
Cluny,  being  their  provoft,  took  burthen  upon  him  for  the  inha- 
bitants. 

Anno    1605,    in  prefence   of  the   magiftrates  of   f-iid  town, 
compeared  Thomas  Gairden,    anent  the  felling  of  the   lock   and 
cuftoms,  and  offered  them  by  reafon  of  the  faid  fubmiffion,  for  300 
merk,  to  the  council  and  inhabitants ;   but  they  would  not  agree 
to  the  propofal.      The  court  of  Old  Aberdeen,  holden  by  Sir  Alex- 
ander Gordon  of  Cluny,  provoft,  and  bailies,  April  17,  1613  ;   the 
faid  day  it  was  ordained  by  them,  with  the  counfel  of  the  inhabi- 
tants. That  the  Bilhop's  Loch  and  cuftoms  of  Old  Aberdeen,  fliould 
be  bought  from  the  faid  Thomas  Gairden;    and  that  all  the  faid 
town,  college-bounds,  and  chanry,  fliall  be  ftinted  for  the  fum  of 
twelve  fcore  merks,  to  be  paid  to  him   within       days;   but  this 
overture  took   no  effect.      Anno    16 15,   November    27,   Robert 
Gairden  of  Blairtown,    eldeft  fon   to  the  aforefaid  lliomas,  pro-  • 
cured  from  Patrick  bifliop  of  Aberdeen,  a  precept  for  infefting 
him  in  the  faid  Loch  and  cuftoms,  he  paying  the  aforefaid  fue 
duty;   and  upon  November  28,  in  the  faid  year,  was  in  feft  there- 
in, defigned  commiftary-clerk  of  Aberdeen.      Anno  1 6 1 6,  OcSl.  7. 
Robert  Gairden  of  Blairtown  fett   and  aflefted  to  the  provoft  and 
bailies  of  the  faid  town  the  haill  cuftoms,  weights,  and   meafures, 
for  the  fpace  of  three  years  next  following  the  date  of  thefe  pre- 

C  2  fents, 


12  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

fents,  for  which  the  inhabitants  were  to  pay  a  certain  duty.     The 
faid  Sir  Alexander  Gordon  of  Cluny,  when  he  Hved  in  the  chanry, 
had  a  fummer-hoiife  in  tlie  middle  of  the  faid  loch,  and  a  pleafure 
boat  upon  it,  for  paffing  and  re-paffing  to  the  faid  fummer-houfe. 
Anno  1630,  March   12,  James  Cruiklhank,  merchant  in  Aber- 
deen, comprized  the  faid  loch  and  cuitoms  from  the  faid  Robert 
Gairden,  commifTary  of  Elgin,  and  procured  a  charter  from  the 
faidbifliOp;   was  infeft  the  7th  of  April,   and  regiftered  the  8th 
ditto,  of  the  faid  year.      Anno  1647,  December  14,  as  is  narrated 
in  the  town's  court-books,  the  faid  James  Cruikfliank  of  New-hills, 
burgefs  of  Aberdeen,  by  his  letters  of  difpoiition,  making  mention, 
that    Alexander  Gordon  of  Berfemore,  provoft  of  Old  Aberdeen, 
John  Forbes  of  Tweland,  and  Mr.  John  Lundie,  humanitl,   and 
Thomas  Mercer,  bailies,  having  paid  to  the  faid  James  Cruikfliank 
the  fum  of  350  merks  Scots,  for  themfelves  and  in  name  and 
behalf  of  the  citizens  of  the  faid  town  ;   therefore  the  faid  James 
Cruikfliank  difpofes  to  the  faid  provoft  and  bailies,  council,  and 
community  of  the  faid  town  and  their  fucceffors,  heritably,  the 
loch  and  cuftoms  of  Old  Aberdeen,  as  firlots,  pecks,  and   other 
meafures    whatfoever    heritably  pertaining   to   the   faid   James 
Cruikfliank,  with  the  haill  brew-cuftoms,  which  difpoiition  con- 
tains  a  precept  of  fazine.      And,   feeing   the  faid   provoft   and 
bailies  were  relieved  of  the  aforefaid  fum  of  350   merks  for  the 
ihid  loch  and  cuftoms;   therefore,  they  difpone  for  them,    their 
heirs,  executors,  or  affigns,  to  and  in  favours  of  the  city  of  Old 
Aberdeen,  council,  and  community  thereof,  the  loch,  and  haill 
cuftoms,  firlots,  pecks,  and  other  meafures,    and  brew-cuftoms 
thereof,  to  remain  heritably  for  ever  with  the  faid  town ;   and  this 
to  be  put  in  a  box,  two  keys  delivered  in  cuftody  to  two  heritors 
of  the  faid  town,  to  be   chofen   by  the  council;   alfo,    with  all 
-other  fecuritics  belonging  to  the  faid  town,  to  be  put  into  the  faid 

box, 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  13 

box,  and  the  common  good  to  be  employed  for  the  benefit  of  the 
faid  city,  by  advice  of  the  council;  which  difpofition  was  fub- 
fcribed  by  the  faid  provoll  and  bailies  of  Old  Aberdeen,  Jan.  6, 
1655. 

After  that  the  faid  loch  came  into  the  magiftrates  and  council's 
hands  they  fettled  the  grafs  thereof  yearly,  for  lo  merks  Scots. 
Anno  1662,  February  4,  there  was  a  meeting  holden  bv  the 
bailies,  council,  and  haill  community  of  Old  Aberdeen;  which 
day  it  was  ordained,  That  any  man  who  would  take  the  loch, 
fhould  have  the  fett  of  the  fame  for  the  fpace  of  1 9  years,  and  his 
entry  to  be  prefently  at  the  taking  thereof;  and  fliall  have  a  man- 
fervant  out  of  every  houfe  of  the  town,  to  work  a  day's  work 
upon  his  own  charges,  and  fliall  have  liberty  to  flank  or  ditch  it, 
for  draining  thereof,  for  which  he  fliall  pay  yearly  to  the  town 
of  Old  Aberdeen,  the  fum  of  lol.  Scots,  the  one-half  at  Whit- 
funday,  and  the  other  half  before  Michaelmas,  and  fliall  find  two 
fufficient  cautioners  for  paying  fue  duty  of  the  faid  loch.  James 
Gordon  of  Seaton,  being  one  of  the  bailies  at  that  time,  takes  the 
faid  loch  from  the  reft  of  the  baillies  and  council,  on  the  terms 
above- written. 

He  ditched  it  round  about,  and  planted  it  with  flanks,  with  a 
ditch  through  the  middle  of  it,  and  fo  drained  it.  During  the 
fpace  of  his  tack  he  had  plentiful  crops  of  corn  upon  it,  and  when 
his  tacks  were  run  out,  the  town  took  it  into  their  own  hands,  and 
rouped  it  annually.  Then,  the  ditch  which  was  round  it  was 
filled  up,  and  made  corn-ground.  Anno  1668,  May  11,  Patrick 
Scougal,  bifhop  of  Aberdeen,  as  fuperior  of  the  loch  and  cufloms 
of  Old  Aberdeen,  granted  a  charter  in  ample  form  to  the  ma- 
giftrates, council,  and  community  of  Old  Aberdeen,  concerning 
the  faid  loch  and  cuftoms,  they  paying  the  faid  fue-duty  yearly. 
They  were  infeft  June  1 2th,  and  regiitered  June  a2d,  1668. 
2  Anno 


54 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


Anno  1723)  it  was  ronped  at  49I.  Scots  yearly,  which  the  tackf- 
man  muft  pay  yearly  during  his  tack.  And  it  is  to  be  noted, 
that  the  loch  paid  yearly;  and  that  for  the  Ipace  of  nine  years 
fucceflively,  before  the  tackfman,  viz.  Colin  Ritchie,  rouped  for 
the  faid  loch  and  cuftoms.  The  faid  loch,  abftrafted  from  the 
cuftoms,  paid  60I.  12s.  Scots,  with  a  farthing  of  defalcation;  and 
the  faid  fum  was  pundlually  paid  by  Mr.  William  Chryftie,  mafter 
of  the  faid  mulk-fchool  of  Old  Aberdeen,  for  all  the  faid  nine 
years,  as  can  be  made  appear  by  his  receipts  and  difcharges  from 
the  trcafurer  of  the  faid  town:  as  alfo,  their  refpedive  accounts. 
inil:ru*f^. 


Of  the  Cathed-rai.-. 

Matthew  Kininmonth,  archdeacon  of  St.  Andrew's,  a  man  fa- 
mous for  learning,  and  other  excellent  virtues,  was  ele61:ed  bi- 
ihop  of  Aberdeen,  anno  1 1  63,  in  whofe  time  the  cathedral  began 
to  be  built  unto  the  memory  of  St.  Machar,  to  whom  Malcolm  IV. 
firnamed  The  Maiden,  becaufe  never  married,  (who  fucceeded  his 
grandfather,  king  David  I.  a  good  prince)  granted  the  following 
charter,  viz. 


*^  Milcolumbus,  Dei  gratia 
Rex  Scotorum,  omnibus  probis 
hominibus  totius  terne  fuie, 
clericis  &;  laicis,  falutem;  fci- 
ant  praefentes  &:  futuri.  Me  de- 
diffe,  hac  charta  mea  confirm- 
affe  Deo  &:  Beatae  Marioe,  Beato 
Machario,  &.  Matheo,  Epifcopo 
Aberdonenfi,  totam  Villam  de 

Vetere 


"j Malcolm,  by  the  grace  of 
God,  King  of  Scots,  to  all  ho- 
nourable men  in  his  haill  do- 
minions, the  Clergy  and  Laity, 
fendeth  greeting;  know  all  men 
both  prefent  and  to  come.  Me  to 
have  given,  and  by  this  my 
Charter  confirmed  to  God,  and 
the    Blefled  Mary,  St.  Machar, 

and 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


15 


Vetere  Aberdon,  cum  Ecclefia 
de  Kirktoun,  8c  pertiaentijs ;  di- 
midiam  aquam  de  Don,  Sclat- 
tie,  Goule,  Muiriecroft,  Kiii- 
mundy,  Mameiilach,  Tilliegrig; 
Sciram  de  Clatt,  cum  pertinen- 
tijs  Sc  ecclefiam  ;  Sciram  de 
Rayne,  cum  pertinentijs  &:  ec- 
clefiam ;  Sciram  de  Daviot,  cum 
pertinentijs  &;  eccJeflam  ;  8c 
ecclefiam  de  Fetterneer,  cum 
teiTa  ejufdem  8c  pertinentijs; 
ecclefiam  Beati  Nicolai  de  A- 
berdon  cum  pertinentijs ;  ter- 
ras de  Ellon,  cum  pertinentijs  ; 
ecclefiam  de  Auchterlefs,  cum 
terris  8c  pertinentijs;  ecclefiam 
de  Oyne,  cum  terra  8c  perti- 
nentijs ;  ecclefiam  de  Inver- 
cruden,  cum  terra  8c  pertinen- 
tijs ;  ecclefiam  de  Banchery- 
Devoneif,  cum  terra  8c  perti- 
nentijs; ecclefiam  de  Belheiire, 
cum  terra  8c  pertinentijs  ;  de- 
cimam  canium  narium,  quie 
veniunt  apud  Aberdon;  deci- 
mam  annonaa  in  eodem  loco; 
decimam  de  redditibus  meris, 
8c  omnium  efcheatarum  me 
contingentium,  inter  duas  a- 
quas,  quee  Dee  Sc  Spey  dicun- 
tur  ;     decimam     thanagiorum 

meorum, 


and  Mathew,  Bifliop  of  Abei  - 
deen,  the  haill  vill  of  Olil 
Aberdeen,  with  the  kirk  of 
Kirktovvn,  and  the  pertinents; 
half  the  Water  of  Don,  Sclattie, 
Goule,  Muiriecroft,  Kinmundy, 
Alameulach,  Tilliegreig  ;  the 
Parifli  of  Clatt,  and  a  kirk  with 
the  pertinents;  the  Parifii  of 
Raine,  and  a  kirk  with  the  per- 
tinents; the  Parifii  of  Daviot, 
and  a  kirk  with  the  pertinents ; 
and  the  kirk  of  Fetterneir,  with 
its  land  and  pertinents ;  the 
kirk  of  St.  Nicolaus  of  Aber- 
deen, with  the  pertinents;  the 
lands  of  Ellon,  with  the  perti- 
nents ;  the  kirk  of  Auchterlefs, 
with  the  lands  and  pertinents; 
the  kirk  of  Oyne,  with  land  and 
pertinents;  the  kirk  of  Inver- 
cruden,  with  the  land  and  per- 
tinents ;  the  kirk  of  Banchory- 
Devenick,  with  the  land  and 
pertinents  ;  the  kirk  of  Belhe- 
vie,  with  the  land  and  perti- 
nents ;  the  tithe  of  the  fiiips 
called  Snows,  which  arrive  at 
Aberdeen;  the  tithe  of  victual 
there;  my  own  tithes  of  my 
revenues,  and  all  the  efcheats 
belonging  to  me,    betwixt  the 

two 


HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 


meorum,  &  efcheatarnm  me 
contingcutium,  infia  Vice~co- 
mititus  de  Aberdon  &;  Banff, 
teiitnd.  &:  h abend,  dicto  Epifco- 
po,  Mathco,  ejiifque  fucccflbri- 
bus,  in  puram  &  liberam  elee- 
mol'ynara,  licut  aliqua  eleemo- 
fyna  in  Regno  mea  tenetur  li- 
beriiis,  aut  pollidetur  ;  telle 
mtiplb,  Sc  Eduardo  Cancella- 
rio,  et  Joanne  apud  Stirviling, 
vicefimo  die  Aug.  Anno  PvCgni 
mei  undecimo." 


tu'oWaters  called  Dee  and  Spey ; 
the  tithe  of  my  thanagies,  and 
efcheats  belonging  to  me,  be- 
yond-^- the  Sheriffdoms  of  Aber- 
deen and  Banff,  having  and  hold- 
ing to  the  faid  Bifliop  Mathew 
and  his  fucceffors,  for  a  pure  and 
free  alms-deed,  as  any  fuch  is 
held  to  be  done  in  my  kingdom; 
asw  itnefs  my  hand,  and  the 
hands  of  Edward  Chancellor, 
and  John  at  Striviling,  the  20th 
day  of  Auguif,  and  the  nth 
year  of  my  reign." 


Malcolm  IV.  granted  him  another  of  the  Barony  of  Murchil, 
with  common  pafturage  in  the  Foreft  of  Aberdeen,  as  follows: 

*'  Milcolumbus,  Dei  gratia 
Rex  Scotorum,  omnibus  probis 
hominibus  totius  terras  fuje, 
clericis  8c  laicis,  falutem  ;  fci- 
ant  prcefentes  &  futuri,  me  de- 
diffc,  Sc  hac  charta  mea  ,con- 
firmaffe  Deo  &  Beatas  Mariae, 
Beato    Machario,      8c    Matheo, 


Epifcopo    de    Aberdon,     totam 
baroniam    meam    de    Murchil, 


"  Malcolm,  by  the  grace  of 
God,  King  of  Scots,  to  all  the 
honourable  men  in  his  haill 
dominions,  clergy  and  laity, 
fendeth  greeting;  know  all  men, 
both  prefent  and  to  come,  Me 
to  have  given,  and  by  this  Char- 
ter confirmed  to  God  and  the 
Bleffed  Mary,  St.  Machar,  and 
Mathew,    Bifliop  of  Aberdeen, 


cum  pertinentijs;   8c  paffuram  my  haill  Barony  of   Murchill, 

in  Forefta  mea  de  Aberdon,  ita  with  the  pertinents  ;   and   paf- 

ut  liceat  unam  Foreftarum  de  ture  in  my  Foreft  of  Aberdeen, 

.  quatuor  as 

*  Within, 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  17 

quatuor  il)kjem  reiidentibiis,  as  he  pleafes,  any  one  foreil  of 
eligere  &  habere,  in  puram  l-c  the  four,  lying  as  above-men- 
perpetuam  baroniam;  facicndo  tioned,  to  chufe,  or  have  tor  a 
inde  mihi  fervitium,  tk:  jura-  perpetual  Barony;  he  always 
mentum  fidelitatis,  ficut  ali  ba-  ferving  me,  and  making  oath  of 
roiies  regni  rriei  faciunt;  falvis  fulehty,  as  other  Barons  of  my 
fibi  dignitate  epifcopali,  &  li-  kingdom  do;  excepting  to  him- 
bertate  clericali;  Sc  contra  ill:as  felf  the  dignity  of  a  biihop,  and 
iibertates  nolo  ipfum  vcl  fuc-  the  liberty  belonging  to  the 
cefTores  ejus  in  ali^juo  argueri.  clergy  ;  but  beyond  thefe 
Tefte  me  ipfo  apud  Banff, die de-  bountls,  neither  he  nor  his 
cimo  quinto  Novembris,  anno  fuccelTors  mufl:  by  any  means 
regni  mei  undecimo."  pafs  ;   as   witnefs    my   hand  at 

Banff,  the  15th  day  of  Novera- 
beer,  and  i  ith  year  of  my 
reign." 

King  William,  furnamed  the  Lion,  fucceeded  his  brother  Mal- 
colm IV.  anno  1 165,  and  confirms  the  aforefaid  charters  to  Ma- 
thew  Kininmonth,  and  grants  him  the  land  of  Brafs,  now  called 
Birfe,  with  the  forreft  thereof,  by  a  large  charter  in  Latin,  the  5th 
year  of  his  reign  ;  all  which  charters  are  in  the  chartulary  of  the 
King's  college  of  Aberdeen. 

Alexander  Kininmonth,  the  firft  of  that  name,  who  became 
biihop  of  Aberdeen  about  anno  1329,  built  the  bilhop's  lodg- 
ing in  the  chanry,  as  alfo  his  fummer-houfe  at  Fetternier.  In 
the  laid  bilhop's  time,  Aberdeen  was  burnt  by  the  Englilh  Gx 
days  together,  anno  1233;  and  the  bidiop's,  and  canon's  lodging^; 
were  all  burnt  at  the  fame  time,  as  faith  Boetius.  Alexander 
Kininmonth,  fecond  of  that  name,  who  became  biihop  of  Aber- 
deen, anno  1357,  caufed  dcmolilh  faid  old  church,  clteeming  it 
not  beautiful  enough  for  a  cathedral,  and  laid  the  foundation  of 

D  another 


i8  HISTORY      OF      ABERDEEN. 

another  more  magnificent,  but  died  before  the  work  was  raifed  fix 
cubits  high,    anno  1370.      Henry  Lichtoun,    bilhop  of  Murray, 
being  tranllated  to  the  biflioprick  of  Aberdeen,  anno  1424,  built 
St.  John's  ille   upon   the   North-Eail:  end  of  the  cathedral,  anno 
1430;   laid  the  foundation   of  the   great  and  two  lefler  fteeples, 
and  advanced  the  fabrick  very  much.      The  roof  was  laid  on,  of 
excellent  red  lirr,  curioufiy  and  lirongly  built;   the  church  flated, 
and  floor  paved  with  free -If  one,  by  bilhop  Lindfay,  anno  1445. 
Bifliop  Spence,  being  tranflated  from  the  biihoprick  of  Galloway 
to  Aberdeen,  one  of  an  aftive  fpirit,  repaired  the  bifliop's  lodging 
in  the  chanry,  which  lay  waffe  and  ruinous  fince  the  burning 
thereof  by  the  Englilh,   as  alio  the  ftails  in  the  chancel,   with  an 
"excellent  chair  for  the  bilhop's  wfe,  and   advanced  it   with  many 
brave  ornaments,  anno  1460.      He  glazed  the  church,   and  gave 
many  donations  to  it.      William  Elphinfton,  who  became  bilhop 
of  Aberdeen,    and  thereafter    chancellor  of  Scotland,   perfeifted 
the  great  fteeple  on  the  Eall  end  of  laid  church,  which  was    a 
mark  for  failors  in  thofe  days,  ahd  furnilhed  it  with  14  tuncal^le 
and  cortly  bells,  three  whereof  were  very  great,  anno  .1489.  They 
hung  on  great  oak  trees  a  little  from  the  laid  ifeeple,  which  ftood 
upon  four  arch  pillars,  pendecl  above  very  high.      There  was  a 
battaline  round   about  laid  fteeple,   which  was  built  foiu"  fquare, 
and  four  ftory  high  above  laid  pend,  for  from  it  were  2  4  Heps 
of  a  ladder  to  a  little  four  cornered  chamber;  and  above  it  a  fquare 
tovcer,  with  a  itang  on  the  top  of  it  five  ells  in  length,  with  a  great 
globe  of  brafs  above  the  hrft  crofs  of  faid  ftang;   and  above  the 
fecond  crofs  was  a  cock  an   ell  in  length  of  brals,    and  his  breaft 
of  copper,  which  Ifang,  globe,  and  cock  Mr.  David  Corfe,  a  pref- 
byterian  miniiler  of  this  church,  difpofed  of.      hi  the   faid  pend 
was  an  oval  vacuity,  through  which  came  a  rope  from  the  bells, 
down  to  the  church  floor,  wherewith  the  beadle  rung  one  of  the 
faid  bells  tt)  fcrmon,  after  the  Reformation.      From  the  founding 

of 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  19 

of  faid  great  flecple  by  liiflic^p  Licbtoun,  to  the  perfeding  thereof 
by  bilhop  Elphingiion,  were  59  years.      The  faid  billiop  Elphiiig- 
fton  leaded  the  church,  and  got  money  from  king  James  IV.  to 
perform  the  fame.      After  this  he  be^an  to  confider  the  condition 
of  the  quire,    whi.h   king  Robert   Bruce  ordered   the  bilhop  of 
Aberdeen  to  buikl,  finilli,  and  complete,  it  not  being  fo  great  and 
io  fair  as  became  a  cathedral.      He  began  to  build  it,  and  prepared 
materials,  but  there  was  only  a  very  fmall  part  thereof  built  when 
he  died,  anno  15  14.      The  clergy  in  the  chanry  took   the   roof, 
flatcs,  and  fome  other  materials  of  the  faid  quire,  to  build    and 
perfect  it  molt  magniiicently,  and  brought  the  high  altar  out  of 
it,  and   placed  it   in  bilhop  Gavin  Dunbar's  ille;    but  delayed  the 
bnikling  thereof  {o  long,   that   the  Reformation   was  beginning, 
which  put  a  Ifop  to  their  intentions,  as  fome  v/ritc.      Gavin  Dun- 
bar, who  became  bifliop  of  Aberdeen  anno   1518,  perfeded  the 
leffer  fte^eples  on  the  Weft  end  of  the  faid  church,  and  laid  on  a 
cake  of  lead  upon  the  walls  where  he  began  to  build,  to  diftinguifli 
his  work  from  what  was  formerly  built,   which  is  yet  to  be  Icen 
above  the  battalines  ;    the  two  leffer  fteeples    have  both  crofs- 
thanes  of  iron  upon  their  tops,  yet  ftanding.      He  built  alio  the 
South  ifle,  anno  1522.      From  the  founding  of  faid  fteeples   by 
billiop  Lichtoun    to   the   perfecting  of  them  by  bilhop  Gavin 
Dunbar   were  92   years.      The  height  of  one   of  the  Weftern 
fteeples,   from  the  pafe  to  the  ftop  of  the  ftang,  are  37  yards  tw^o 
feet  and  feven  inches;   and  the  other  is  conform. 

In  like  manner  he  ceiled  the  church  with  the  fineft  oak,  of 
fuch  excellent  work,  that-there  is  fcarce  any  like  it  to  be  feen  in 
this  kingdom,  which,  as  related  by  tradition,  was  of  expence  eight 
pounds  Scots  money;   a  great  fum  in  thofe  days. 

Hereon  are  painted  the  names  of  thofe  perfons  who  probably 
contributed  and  advanced  fomething  for  the  building  of  the  fa- 
brick  of  the  church,  with  their  delignations  and  armorial  coats. 

D  2  I.  The 


20  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

I.  The  emperor,  and  foreign  kings  and  princes.  2.  The  pope, 
and  all  the  Scottifli  billiops.  3.  The  Scots  king  and  his 
nobles,  all  in  a  Itrait  line.  And  upon  the  border  of  the  North 
lide  is  painted  a  fucceffion  of  the  bifliops  of  Aberdeen ;  and  upon 
the  South  fide  Malcolm  II.  who  ordeied  the  church  of  Mortlach  to 
be  founded  and  built,  and  made  an  cpifcopal  fee,  with  other 
Scotifli  kings ;  and  St.  David  king  of  Scotland,  who  tranflated  the 
biflTop's  fee  from  Mortlach  to  Aberdeen.  Bifliop  Gavin  Dun- 
bar was  at  all  the  pains  and  expences  of  faid  cieling.  Jaincs 
Winter,  an  Angus  man,  was  archited:  of  the  timber  \vork  and 
cieling  of  faid  church;  wdiieh  was  well  done,  and  may  make  his 
name  famous  to  after-ages.  William  Steward,  w-ho  fucceeded 
bifliop  Gavin  Dunbar,  and  became  bifliop  of  Aberdeen  about  anna 
3^32,  and  thereafter  Lord  Chancellor  of  Scotland,  built  the  Con- 
filfory-houfe  in  faid  church,  as  witnefs  his  name  on  the  wall 
thereof,  anno  i  559,  lately  obliterated  by  the  plaiftering  and  walh- 
ing  of  the  walls  of  the  church.  This  is  now  called  the  fefiion- 
houfe,  where  the  miniiier  and  elders  keep  their  meeting  ancnt 
church  affairs,  from  which  is  an  entry  to  a  fecret  rcom  under 
the  North  leifer  fteeple,  called  the  charter-houfe,  which  contains 
the  evidcnts,  charters  and  records  of  the  church  and  felhon. 
After  the  death  of  king  James  V.  the  Englifli  invaded  Scotland, 
anno  1544;  and  the  faid  bilhop  Stewart  took  away  the  orna- 
ments and  jewels  of  faid  church,  and  fent  them  by  the  bridge 
(A  Don  to  the  country,  in  order  to  preferve  them.  But  James 
pDrbes  of  Corfendae,  with  his  afTociates,  met  at  faid  bridge, 
took  them  by  force  and  violence,  and  would  rellore  none  of  them 
till  bifliop  Stewart  paid  him  600  merks;  but  the  rell  he  never 
reitored,  but  apj)lied  them  to  his  own  ufe,  in  value  700  merks; 
for  wdiich  facriledge  he  was  excommunicated,  and  'tis  remark- 
able, that  his  family  never  profpered  thereafter ;  witnefs  the  char- 
tulary  in  the  King's  college.      In  faid  church  were  32  windows; 

the 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


41 


the  greateft  above  the  Weft  door ;  1 8  ftorm  ones ;  of  which  thofe 
in  the  back  of  the  church  have  been  clofed  up  fince  the  Reforma- 
tion. The  South  iile,  or  bidiop  Gavin  Dunbar's,  which  he 
caufed  to  be  built,  hath  two  large  windows  yet  ftanding,  and  had 
another  which  is  fallen;  and  hath  a  door  to  enter  into  it  from 
the  church-yard.  He  hath  an  excellent  tomb  upon  the  South 
end  of  faid  ifle;  his  effigies  without,  at  length,  of  marble,  \vith 
a  vault  below  well  built,  and  paved  with  hewn  ftone,  where  he 
lies,  and  a  larg^e  ftone  for  covering  faid  vault  above.  But  the 
fanaticks  have  defaced  the  tomb,  obliterated  the  infcription,  and 
broken  his  effigies  in  pieces^  together  with  a  part  of  the  ftone 
that  covered  the  vault.  The  mafters  of  the  college,  anno  1725, 
caufed  workmen  to  take  down  the  top  of  this  ifle,  to  help  to  build 
anew  the  South  fide  of  the  college.  St.  John's  ifle,  built  by  bi- 
fliop  Lichtoun,  as  is  faid,  on  the  Eaft  end  of  faid  cathedral  towards 
the  North,  had  three  windows,  and  10  ftorm  ones;  and  a  door 
to  enter  into  it  from  the  church-yard.  Both  thefe  ifles  had  bat- 
talines,  and  buttrages  round  about  them,  with  crofs  thanes  of 
iron  on  the  top  of  each  of  them.  In  faid  St.  John's  ifle  bifliop 
l.ichtoun  hath  a  tomb  in  the  North  end,  w'ith  his  effigies  cut  out 
of  {\.oi'\e J  ad /on;^um,  yet  to  be  feen,  with  the  mitre  on  his  head, 
and  the  paftoral  ftaff  in  his  hand;  which  was  broken  down  hf 
the  fanaticks,  about  anno  1 693.      The  infcription  on  his  tomb: . 


"  Hie  jacet  bonce  memoriae,- 
Henricus  de  Lichtoun,  utriulq; 
Juris  Doiftor,  qui  Ecciefice  Mo- 
ravienf.  Regimen  olim  cliet  af- 
fumptus,  ubi  feptennis  prcefuit, 
demum  ad  iftam  tranflatus  fait, 
in  qua  18  annos  rexit,  proe- 
fentifq;     ecclcfiae     fabricam    a 

choro 


''  Here  lies,  of  blefl^d  me- 
mory, Henry  of  Lichtoun,  Doc- 
tor of  the  Civil  andGanon  Laws^ 
who  having  for  fome  time  taken 
upon  him  the  govermnent  of 
the  Ghurch  of  Murray,  where 
he  prelided  over  them  for  the 
fpace  of  7   years,   vvas  at    laft 

tranflated 


3  2  II  I  S  T  O  R  Y     O  F     ABERDEEN. 

choro  ftatione  feorfum  iifque  tranflated  to  tliis  Church, 
ad  fummitatem  plene  aftrnxir,  \vherein  he  reigned  i8  years. 
Anno  Dom.  millernno  qi^adrin-  He  laid  the  I'oundation  of  the 
genteiimo  quadragelimo."  quire,  and  very  much  advanced 

the  fal)rick  of  faid  Church.,    an- 
no 1440 


!> 


The  faid  Marquefs  of  Huntly,  ahout  anno  1630,  hought  St. 
John's  ifie  from  Dr.  Alexander  Scroggy,  minifter  of  St.  Machar's 
church,  and  the  leflioii  thereof,  for  a  burial-place  to  his  family, 
for  \^hich  he  paid  them  3c o  merks;  the  annual  rent  whereof  to 
be  employed  in  helping  the  cathedral.  As  alfo,  the  faid  Mar- 
quefs  obliged  himfelf  to  }iay  all  the  buri^l-lairs  that  fliould  be  in- 
terred in  faid  ille  ;  which  fliould  be  employed  for  ii])holding  and 
maintaining  laid  ifle.  All  which  is  done  by  a  charter,  which  the 
feffion  hath  in  cullody  to  this  day;  and  upon  this  account  it  is 
now  called  the  Gordon's  il]e.  There  w"as  a  dyke  built  about  fix 
quarters  high,  to  dilfinguifli  from  the  church. 

Anno  17  19,  November  26,  at  night,  the  top  of  this  ifle  was 
thrown  down  by  an  extraordinary  tempeft  of  wind  and  rain,  which 
broke  the  grave-ftone  of  Sir  Alexander  Gordon  of  Clunie;  and 
that  which  Bailie  Gordon  laid  on  his  father  Mr.  William  Gordon, 
late  miniller  of  Kintore,  his  mother  Janet  Keith,  and  his  wife 
Mary  Irvine;  who  was  the  firft  interred  by  the  Englilli  fervice, 
anno  1713,  near  bifliop  Lichtoun's  ifle,  either  in  St.  Machar's 
church-yard,  or  any  other  in  the  North  of  Scotland.  In  the 
Weft  end  of  faid  church  is  an  ifle  oppofite  to  the  confiftory-door, 
of  old  called  St.  Machar's,  thereafter  bifliop  Cheyne's,  and  now 
bifliop  Scougal's  ifle?  where  his  effigies  ftands  cut  out  of  ftone,  ad 
/o«^z/w,  with  his  armorial  coat  and  motto,  Con/jdo,  fed  caveo\  and 
alfo  a  large  infcription  in  Latin,  exadly  as  follows : 

*<    Hie 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  23 

*'  Hie  ill  Chrifto  requiefcit,  "  Here  lies,  ia  hopes  of  a 
R.  Patricias,  Epifcopus  Aber-  blefled  Refurredion,  the  Reve- 
donenfis ;  D.  Joannis  ScougaUi  rend  Father  in  God,  Patrick  bi- 
de codem  iiHus,  vir  omni  elo-  lliop  of  Aberdeen,  fon  to  Mr. 
gio  dignus,  utpote  pie  pacifi-  John  Scougal  of  that  ilk ;  a  man 
cus,  niodefte  prudens,  eruditae  worthy  of  all  commendation, 
probitatis  decus  &  exemplar,  as  being  pioufly  peaceable,  mo- 
iiec  morofe  gravis,  nee  fuperbe  deftly  prudent,  an  honour  and 
doilus  ;  cgenis,  dum  viveref,  patern  of  learned  probity  ;  not 
prsfens  afylum  ;  bafilicam  morofely  grave  nor  proudly 
Sanfli  Macharij,  bibliothecam  learned;  to  the  poor,  while  he 
Collegij  Regij,  necnon  hofpi-  lived,  a  prefent  help  in  time 
tium  publicum  Vet.  Aberdo-  of  need;  he  enriched  the  Ca- 
niae,  propenfae  munificientios,  thedral  of  St.  Machar,  the  Li- 
indiciis  hand  fpernendis  ditavit.  brary  of  the  King's  College, 
Ad  Epifco]:)ale  munus  confecra-  and  alio  the  Holpital  of  Old 
tus  die  Pafchatis,  Anno  1664.  Aberdeen,  with  confiderable 
fatis  ceffit,  Feb.  16,  Anno  Sa-  tokens  of  his  great  bounty. 
lutis  1682,  Epifcopatus  18,  He  was  confecrated  BiQiop  on 
^tatis  vero  fuoe  75.  Eafter-day  1664.  He  died 
"Hoc  Monumentum,  quale  February  16,  1682,  the  i8th 
quale,  piie  memoriae  chariffimi  year  of  his  biflioprick,  and 
parentis  facravit  Mr.  Jacobus  75th  of  his  age.  Mr.  James 
Scougallus,  Diocefeos  Commif-  Scougal,  CommifFary  of  the  Di- 
farius  Aberdonenfis,  1685."  ocefs  of  xVberdeen,  confecrated 

this  ftatcly  Tomb  to  the  pious 
memory  of  his  moft  dear  Fa- 
ther, 1685." 

In  the  face  of  the  cathedral  were  ten  pillars  on  the  South  fide 
within  the  toofall;  and  as  many  on  the  North  fide  thereof.  This 
church  hath  alfo  three  doors;  the  Weft  is  the  principal  one,  where 

the 


24  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

the  Popifli  clergy  entered  at  the  time  of  their  proceffions,  &:c. 
the  fecond  is  the  South  or  marriage-door,  having  an  excellent 
porch;   and  the  third  is  the  North  door,  &c. 

The  toofalls  on  the  South  and  North  fides  of  faid  church  have 
buttrages;   and  fo  hath  the  faid  porch  yet  to  be  feen.      The  great 
fteeple  had  fome  windows  ;   and  the  two  leiTer  ones  have  batta- 
lines,  flits,   windows,  and  buttrages  yet  to  be  feen.      The  paffage 
to  the  bells  in  the  great  fteeple  was  from  the  South  lelTer  ileeple, 
by  a  battaline  untler  the  eafing  of  the  ilates  of  faid  church  ;   and 
there  was  another  battaline  under  the  eafing  of  the  flates  of  the 
toofall ;    with  doors  in  the  lefier  fteeple  to  go  to  the  great  one, 
and  bifliop  Gavin  Dunbar's  ille.      hi  like  manner  there  were  tw^o 
fuch  battalines  in  the  North  Iide  of  faid   church,    wdth  doors  in 
the  North  leffer  fteeple  to  go  to  St.  John's  or  bilhop  Lichtoun's 
ifte,  which  battalines  were  taken  away  fince  the  Reformation,  be- 
caufe  the  church  could   not  be  preferved  from  rain.      This  ca- 
thedral had  an  afylum,  a  girth  or  fan6tuary,  and  girth-crofs,  which 
ftood  in  the  biftiop's  dove-coat  green,  as  witnefs  a  chartulary  in 
the  King's  college.      Thefe  girths  were  firft  appointed  in  imita- 
tion of  the  cities  of  refuge  under  the  law,  to  ^^■hich  the  man- 
flayer    who    had    killed    one    unawares    might    flee    for  fafety. 
Numb.  xxav.  15.    Deut.  iv.  41.  and  xix.  2.      The  firft  mention 
made  of  thofe  girths  is  in  the  ftatutes  of  William  the  Lion  king 
of  Scotland;   and  they  continued  here  in  cathedrals  till   the  be- 
ginning of  the  reformation  of  religion.      If  the  manflayer  came 
to  the  girth-crofs  he  could  be  no  tiirther  purfued,  but  the  clergy 
received  him  into  the  cathedral-church,   where  he  was   kept  till 
the  matter  of  the  llaughter  was  tried,  &c.      King  James  HI.  makes 
an  a6t  in  his  third  parliament  anent  the  redlifying of  girths;  that, 
where  the  committee  of  {laughter  on  fore-thought  felony  flee  to 
the  girth,  the  flierifF  require  him  on  caution,    and  take  trial  by 
inqueft,  if  the  crime,  committed  by  him  on   fore-thought  felony 

(tanquam 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  25 

(tanquam  inf.diator  per  indujlriam)^  then  he  was  to  be  punifl^ed; 
if  not,  reitored  to  the  girth.      King  James  V.  makes  an  acft  in  his 
fourth  padiament,  That  all  matters  of  girths  make  deputies  under 
them,  dwelling  near  the  girths,   \vho  may  be  charged  to  deliver 
all  committers  of  llaughter  on  fore-thought  felony;   and  if  thofe 
bailies  being  charged  rcfufe  to  deliver,    that  they  may  be  ligo- 
rouily  puniflied  in  their  Ijodies  and  goods.      This  act  was   made, 
becaufe  the  mailer's  fpiritual  men  were  faid  to  refuie  to  deliver 
tranlgrellbrs  this  way :   the  committers  of  flaughter  coming  to 
girths  and  girth-crolTes,   and  flaying  in  cathedrals,   in  procefs  of 
time  the  laws  of  Scotland  came  to  be  contemned,  and  the  fubjedis 
trapanned,  which  occafioned  the  aforefaid  redtification  of  all  the 
girths  and  girth-crolTes  in  this  kingdom,  pertaining  to  cathedrals. 
This  church  had  alfo  a  large  baptizary  belonging  to  it,  and  a  large 
church-yard,  the  North  dyke  whereof  was  placed  at  the  foot  of 
the   brae,    where  St.  John's  Wells  is,  the  water  of  which    was 
brought  into  the  church  at  the  North  door,   for  baptifms,    and 
cleaning  the  veflels  of  the  temple.      It  had  a  great  clock  and  fun- 
dial  in  the  time  of  the  Popifli  clergy.      King  James  I.   brought 
into  Scotland  the  organs,  but  it  feems  this  church  had  none.      At 
the  dedication  thereof  the  text  was  Rev.  xxi.  s.  to  the  middle  of 
a 5  th  verfe. 


Of  the  Bishop's  Palace. 

The  faid  palace  (which  flood  at  the  end  of  the  cathedral  and 
chancel)  was  a  large  court,  having  four  towers,  one  in  every 
corner  of  the  tlofe,  and  a  great  hall  and  chambers,  where  the 
bifliop  dwelt.  On  the  South  lideof  the  clofe  were  an  outer  and 
an  inner  port;  in  the  middle,  a  great  deep  well.  He  had  alfo  a 
pafTage  by  an  iron  gate,  from  the  lodging  into  the  chancel,  and 

E  from 


36  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

from  that  into  the  church,  which  was  eafy  and  convenient  for  him. 
This  court  had  alfo  a  water-gate  to  go  to  the  water  of  Don,  and 
the  ward,  which  was  on  the  North  fide  of  his  lodging,  furrounded 
with  a  ftrong  faill-dyke,  in  which  is  the  hay-yard,  yettobe  feen; 
and  fome  mark  of  the  bow-buts,  at  the  foot  of  the  South  brae  of 
faid  ward.  His  garden  was  at  the  South-Eaft  lide  of  his  clofe, 
which  yet  remains  entire,  lying  betwixt  the  court  and  the  chap- 
lain's chambers.  '  In  the  middle,  upon  the  Weft  dyke,  there  M-as 
a  fummcr-houfe,  three  ftories  high;  fo  that  upon -the  top  of  it 
one  would  fee  the  town  and  all  the  iields  about  it.  This  garden 
hath  high  dykes;  and  in  the  North  dyke  were  feveral  flits,  which 
perhaps  were  made  to  let  the  good  air  of  the  garden  come'  into* 
the  toofalls,  and  feveral  apartments  of  this  lodging.  The  faid 
court  had  a  back-clofe,  which  contained  the  office-houfes;  and 
an  entry  from  it  to  go  into  the  billiop's  green,  which  was  lur- 
rounded  with  a  dyke,  on  the  North  fide  whereof  ftood  the  bifliop's 
dovecote;  and  in  the  end  of  it  there  was  another  gate,  to  go  to 
the  Seaton  and  bridge  of  Don. 


Of  the  Prekends  and  their  Manses. 

The  prebends  or  canon-regulars  had  large  lodgings,  yards,  and 
gleibs,  or  little  taills  at  the  end  of  their  yards.  They  were  the 
billiop's  chapter  or  council;  he  could  do  nothing  without  them ; 
therefore  they  were  obliged  to  live  near  him,  that  they  might  be 
ready  on  all  occafions  when  he  called  for  them  to  go  about  church 
affairs.  They  were  parfons  of  churches  in  the  country,  and  had 
curates  under  them,  who  performed  divine  fervice  at  their  ref- 
pedtive  churches;  and  the  prebends  who  were  canon-regulars, 
preached  in  the  temple  or  cathedral  at  the  time  of  high  feftivals; 
and  on  week-days  taught  leffons  of  divinity,  of  the  canon  and 

civil 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  ay 

civil  laws,  inthechaiiry,  before  the  Univerfity  was  erected,  as  is 
laid;  and  Ibmetimes  vitltcd  their  churches  in  the  country.  Peter 
Ramfay,  who  became  bidioir  of  Aberdeen  about  anno  1246,  hav- 
ing received  orders  from  Pope  hmocent  IV.  concerning  this 
church  and  the  canons  thereof,  with  confent  of  Richard  then  dean, 
and  the  chapter  lawfully  called^  14th  of  the  kalends  of  May,  anno 
1256,  which  was  fome  time  before  his  death,  appointed  13  pre-, 
bends  in  the  chanry,  the  bilhpp  being  one  himlelf,  who  was  to 
prelide  over  the  reft.  .  _     ^      . 

-I.   The  dean,  who  was  re61:or  of  the  church  of  Kirktown,  fliall 
haye  th^  lands  of  Muriecroft,  nov,'    the  minifters  gleib,  with,  all 
the  reft  of  the  fruits  and  its  pertinents,    belonging    to   the- faid; 
church;   except  the  tithe  of  the    falmond  of   Balgowney,    &cc, 
Moreover  it  is  appointed   that   the   faid  dean  fliall  have  a  chap- 
lain apd  a  clerk  at  the  church  of  Kirktown,  to  minift^r  divine 
fer.vice  to  the  parifhioners ;    and  another  chaplain,    as  a   clerk, at 
the  chapel  of  Monycabbuck,    to  preach  to  the  parilhioners  there. 
He  had  his  manfe  and  lodging  where  the  minifter  of  St.,  Alachar- 
now  lives..     He  had  great  authority  among  the  clergy,   and  was 
greatly ;relpe(5ted  by- them.      His  lodging  was  built  by  order  and 
direilion  of  one  of  the  kings"  of  Scotland,  becaufe  his   armorial, 
co^t  js  yet  to  be  ieen  above  the  outer  gate.      It  had  three  yards  ; 
in  one, of  which,  at  the  Weft  lide  of  the  clofs,  are  houfes  lately 
built.       He  Ipiad  alfo  a  gleib,  which  is  now  a  yard.      His  manfe 
in  the  chanry,  hath  the  chanter's  manfe  on  the  Eaft,  and  the  trea- 
Ajrer's  on  the  Weft  of  it.      But  lince  Mr.  Robert  Maitland,  dean 
of  Aberdeen,  procured  the  annexation  of  the  deanry  to  the  King's 
college,,  anno  1579,  the  principal  of  faid  college  is  dean. 

2.  Is  the  parfon  of  Auchterlefs,  who  was  cantor,  or  chantor, 
chief  mufician,  and  rector  of  the  mufick  of  the  church.  To  him 
pertained  to  inftrui5l  and  teach  the  finging-boys  in  the  quire.  He 
had  a  large  manfe,  which  is  now  dcmoliflied ;   the  lodging,  yard, 

E    2  and 


aS  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

and  gleib  being  now  turned  into  a  croft.  This  manfe  had  the  chan- 
cellor's on  the  Er;ft,  and  the  dean's  on  the  Weft.  On  the  South 
end  of  this  gleib  were  fome  houfes,  built  for  accommodating  the 
tenants  of  the  faid  chantor's  croft ;  the  annual  rent  of  which  is 
now  paid  to  the  matter  of  the  bifhop's  hofpital, 

3.  Was  the  parfon  of  Birfe,  who  was  chancellor  of  the  billiop's 
chapter.  He  was  to  bellow  pains  in  the  corredtion  of  books,  and 
to  keep  the  common  feal  of  the  church  and  chapter,,  that  it  be  laid 
up  in  a  double  cheft  in  the  treafury.  The  dean  was  to  keep  one 
key,  and  the  treafurer  the  other;  and  the  feal  was  never  to  be 
taken  out  but  when  there  was  particular  ufe  for  it,  viz.  for  feal- 
ing  the  letters  of  the  chapter.  And  he  was  to  compofe  the  letters 
and  charters  thereof,  and  to  read  therein  the  letters  that  come  to 
them.  Moreover,  he  w^as  to  keep  the  books  of  theology  in  armo- 
rials or  little  ftudies,  and  to  exhibit  them  the  firft  week  of  Lent, 
hefore  the  dean  and  canons,  that  none  of  them  might  be  loft  or 
made  worfe.  He  was  to  provide  a  fit  mafter,  that  fhould  have 
the  government  of  the  fchools  of  Aberdeen,  who  knew  how  to 
inftru<n:  young  boys  in  grammar,  &c.  He  had  alfo  a  title  to  the 
fifhing  of  Balgowney.  This  prebend  had  a  large  manfe  and  yard ; 
and  had  the  chanter's  manfe  on  the  Weft,  and  the  common  ftreet 
leadinc^  to  the  chaplain's  chambers  on  the  Eaft.  Alexander  Seton, 
chancellor  of  the  chapter,  and  parfon  of  Birfe,  anno  1557,  dif- 
pofed  of  his  lodging  in  the  chanry  to  Mr.  George  Seton,  fon  to  the 
laird  of  Meldrum,  who  was  alfo  chancellor  of  the  chapter,  and- 
parfon  of  Birfe;  and  at  laft  he  difpofed  of  it  to  the  earl  of  Dufi- 
ferhng,  who  difpofed  of  it  to  Mr.  John  Scougall,  commiiTary  of 
Aberdeen;  and  he  to  his  brother  lord  Whitehill;  who  fued  out 
four  ftances  for  building  houfes  on  the  ground  at  the  end  of  his 
yard,  formerly  the  chancellor's  gleib,  viz.  one  to  the  deceaft  bailie 
Knight,  who  obliged  himfelf  to  jxiy  yearly  to  the  faid  lord  of 

fue-duty 


HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN.  29 

fue-duty  i  3s.  4  pennies  Scots  money  ;  another  to  bailie  Thomp- 
fon,  for  the  iame;  a  third  to  the  decealt  Jan^.es  Conqueror,  for 
the  hke;  and  a  fourth  llance  to  Marjory  Navin  and  Robert  Walker, 
equally  betwixt  them;  each  of  them  paying  half  a  merk  of  fuc- 
duty.  Afterwards,  lord  VVhitehill,  one  of  the  lenators  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Jurtice,  and  fon  to  Patrick  Scougal,  bilhop  of  Aberdeen, 
difpofed  of  faid  lodging,  yard,  and  fue-dulies  to  the  deceafed  co- 
lonel Buchan  of  Cairnbulg,  whofe  fon,  captain  Buchan,  is  heri- 
tor thereof,  anno  1725. 

4.  Was  the  paiibn  of  Daviot,  treafurer,  to  whofe  care  was 
committed  the  money  belonging  to  the  church.  It  was  a  part 
of  his  office  to  caufe  keep  clean  the  ornaments  of  the  church, 
and  to  provide  light  and  candles  for  it.  He  had  a  fufficient 
manfe,  having  on  the  Eaft  the  dean's,  and  on  the  Well  the  parfon 
of  Belhelvie's;  and  for  his  yard  and  gleib,  he  had  a  part  of  the 
yard  now  pertaining  to  the  duke  of  Gordon,  on  the  Eaftiide  thereof, 
whofe  back  gate  is  yet  to  be  feen  next  the  Ifreet,  as  people  pafs  to 
the  bridge  of  Don.      This  manfe  is  now  demolilhed. 

5.  Is  the  parfon  of  Raine,  archdeacon,  whofe  office  was,  to  go 
about  and  ccrredl  the  manners  of  the  clergy  of  the  province ;  and 
therefore  was  not  always  obliged  to  be  perfonally  prefent  in  the 
cathedral;  except  with  the  bifhop  in  the  beginning  of  Lent,  at  the 
Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  other  great  feafts  of  the 
year,  and  when  he  makes  the  Chrifma.  Lis  manfe  was  on  the 
Weft  fide  of  the  chaiiry,  with  a  large  yard  and  gleib;  which  are 
two  riggs  of  land  at  the  Weft  end  of  faid  yard,  towards  the  Kettle 
hills.  This  manfe  ])ertained  to  Patrick  Walker  of  Torrielieth, 
and  hath  on  the  North  the  parfon  of  Clatt's,  and  on  the  South 
the  parfon  of  Oyne's.  There  was  an  addition  built  to  this  lodg- 
ing, anno  1591,  which  may  be  feen.  The  prefent  heritor  de- 
molifhcd  it,  anno  1722,  but  fome  of  the  walls  are  yet  ftanding. 

6.  Was. 


30  HISTORY     OF     A  B  E  R-  D  E  E  N. 

6.  Was  the  parfon  of  "Belhevie.  His  nianfe,  is  in  a  great 
honfe,  oppofite  to  the  pubhck  Itile  of  St.  Machar's  church,  and 
built  by  George  Seton,  parfon  of  Belheivie;  witnefs:  his  name, 
armorial-coat,  three  rofes,  and  a  crelcent;  and,  for  his  crell,  a 
cardinal's  cap  with  its  trefl'es  yet  to  be  fecn;  and  hath  on  the  Eafl 
the  parfon  of  Daviot's,  and  on  the  South  the  parfon  of  Forbes's 
manfe.  The  marquefs  of  Huntly,  fome  time  after  the  Reforma- 
tion, being  forced  to  come  hither  and  keep  the  church,  got,  or 
bought  three  of  the  prebend's  lodgnigs,  viz.  Btlhelvie,  Daviot, 
and  Forbes's ;  and  inclofed  their  yards  and  little  gleibb  in  a  garden, 
and  lived  in  faid  Belhelvie's  manfe,  with  his  family.  The  pre- 
fent  duke  of  Gordon  built  the  Weft  dyke  of  laid  garden  all  of 
frone,  and  high,  anno  17 15;  and  after  caufed  build  the  reft 
of  ftone  and  brick;  and  the  whole  expence  of  building  them 
amounts  to  3100  riierks,  Scots  money.  The  bricks,  in  the  inner 
lide  of  faid  dykes,  are  47500;  every  thoufand  coftcoft  i  2s.  fter- 
ling;   and  now  it  is  the  bett  garden  in  the  town,  or  about  it. 

7.  Was  the  parfon  of  Mortlach,  whofe  manfe,  yard,  and  gleib, 
lie  on  the  Weft  lide  of  the  chanry,  having '.the  bilhop's  hofpital 
at  the  North,  and  Clatt's  manfe  at  the:  South.-  King;  Alalcolm  II. 
of  Scotland,  in  memory  of  the  defeat  he  gave  the  Danes  at  Mort- 
lach, founded  there  a  bifli op's  fee,  anno  1010,  and  preferred  one 
St.  Bean,  who  was  canonized,  to  be  lirll  billiop  thereof.  He  fate 
bifliop  there  about  30  years;  and  dyiiig  at  Mortlach,  was.  buried 
at  the  poftern  door  of  this  church,  where  his  effigies  lies  in  the 
wall  near  faid  door,  cut  out  of  ftone,  yet  to  be  feen.  He  alfo 
cauied  St.  Bean  to  huild  this  church,  dedicated  to  St.  Moloch. 
This  manfe  and  yard  are  ruined,  and  made  corn-ground;  which, ; 
with  the  gleib,  now  pertains  to  Alexander  Davidfon  of  Newton, 
heritor,  anno  1725. 

Xing  . 


HISTORY     OFABERDEEN.  gt 

King  Malcolm's  prayer  at  the  battle  of  Mortlach,  when  the  Danes 
Avere  like  to  have  the  vi^ory. 

*'  O  great  God  of  virtue,  rewarder  of  piety,  and  puniflier  of 
vice r  we,  thy  chriilian  people,  defenders  of  our  native  country, 
granted  to  us  by  thy  bounty,  now'  deftitute  of  all  human  help 
againil  thefe  inhuman  invaders  of  us,  have  recourfe  to  Thee  in 
this  our  extreme  neceffity,  praying  Thee  to  have  compaliion  on 
our  miferable  condition;  and  remdvfe,  6  itloft  mercifuLLord,  this 
cowardly  temper  from  my  people.'" 

Then  rufliing  on,  he  killed  Onetus,  their  general,  with  his  own 
hand;  and  his  foldiers, "by  his  example,  gained  a  complete  vic- 
tory,.- 

8.   Was  the  parfon  of  Oyne,  whofe";m'arife,  yard,  and  gleib,  lie 
on  the  Well:  fide  of  the  chahry.      The  manfe  is  demoliflied  ;   only 
the  entry-gate- yet  rtandsv    This- i^anfc  hath  on  the  North  the 
archdeacon's,  and  on;  the  South  tile  parfon  of  Nether-Banchorie's. 
There  is  a  traditioii,  that  this  prebend  was  protonotarius  capituli ; . 
of,  chief  notar  of  the  chapter;   as  alfo,  that  he  was  called  Rome- 
raker,  becaufe  he  was  obliged  to  travel  to  Rome  with  commiffions, 
and  bring  inrtru^dons'  ffom'  it  to  the  bifliop  and  clergy  in  the 
chanry;  which  is  mentioned  in  lome  old  papers  concerning  this 
church.      This  manfe  hath  a  large  yard,  with  a  gleib,  conlifting 
of  a  n^<x  of  arable  land   at  the  Weft  end  thereof  towards  the 
Kettleinlls. 

g.  Was  the  parfon  of  Invercruden,  or  Cruden,  wiiofe  manfe, 
yard,  a;nd  gleib,  lie  on  the  Weft  fide  of  the  chanry,  having  on 
the  North  the  parfon  of  Ellon's,  and  on  the  South  the  parion  of 
Deer's.  This  manfe  and  yard  are  totally  demolillied,  and  a  tenant's 
houfe,  with  fome  office-houfes,  built  on  the  Eaft  end  thereof, 
ne:it  the   ftreet.      George  Canon  is   heritor  thereof  this   year,. 

1725- 

5  10-  Is 


32  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

10.  Is  the  paiTon  of  Clatt,  whofe  manfe,  yard,  and  gleib,  lie 
on  the  Weft  fide  of  the  chanry,  having  at  the  North  the  parfon  of 
Mortlach's,  and  at  the  South  the  parfon  of  Rain's.  It  was  called 
Tarn  Framper's  houfe,  becaufe  it  was  haunted.  The  deceall 
George  Cruikfliank  was  heritor  thereof,  who  carried  away  fome  of 
the  ftones  and  other  materials  to  build  his  houfe  at  the  bridge  of 
Don,  for  accommodating  him  the  time  of  his  fifliing;  and  when 
the  Engliflimen  came  hither,  they  carried  away  the  reft,  to  help 
to  build  the  caftle  hill  of  Aberdeen.  This  manfe  being  demo- 
liftied,  a  tenant  hath  a  dweUing-houfe  on  the  Eaft  end  thereof  next 
the  ftreet,  with  fome  office-houfes,  all  which  pertain  now  to  Alex. 
Davidfon  of  Newton,  heritor  thereof,  anno  1725. 

1 1.  Is  the  parfon  of  Banchory-Davenick,  or  Deveney,  fo  called 
from  Devenicvis,  an  archdeacon,  to  w4iom  this  church  was  dedi- 
cated. It  is  alfo  called  the  church  of  Nether-Banchory.  His 
manfe,  yard,  and  gleib,  lie  on  the  Weft  fide  of  the  chanry ;  hav- 
ing on  the  North  the  parfon  of  Oyne's  manfe,  and  on  the  South 
the  parfon  of  Ellon's;  which  manfe  was  a  great  lodging,  with  a 
large  yard,  and  a  gleib  of  arable  land,  confifting  of  a  rigg  at  the 
end  of  faid  yard,  lying  towards  the  Kettlehills;  all  which  pertain 
to  the  heirs  of  the  deceaft  James  Gordon  of  Seaton.  This  manfe 
was  demoliftied,  anno  1720. 

12.  Is  the  parfon  of  Old  Deer ;  for  New  Deer  was  only  a  branch 
of  Old  Deer.  This  manfe,  yard,  and  gleib,  were  on  the  Weft 
fide  of  the  chanry,  having  on  the  North  the  parfon  of  Cruden's, 
and  on  the  South  the  parfon  of  Kincarden's.  He  w^as  made  a 
prebend  in  the  chanry,  by  an  agreement  betwixt  the  bifliop  and 
his  chapter,  and  the  abbot  of  Deer.  This  manfe  is  demoliftied, 
and  an  houfe  with  fome  offices  built  on  the  Eaft  end  next  the 
ftreet,  for  the  life  of  a  tenant ;  whereof  George  Canon  is  heritor 
this  preient  year  1725.  The  faid  bifliop  Ramfay  ftatuted  and  or- 
dained like  wife,  that  all  the  yards,  crofts,  or  little  gleibs,  fliould 

be 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  33 

be  free  from  paying  tithes  for  ever,  anno  1256.  He  appoiuted 
four  finging  boys  in  the  quire,  who  fliould  have  their  falary  from 
the  community;  and  ordained  that  the  dean  and  canons  fliould 
give  their  oaths  of  fidehty,  to  keep  and  defend  the  cuftoms,  rights, 
and  liberties  of  faid  cathedral  church.  He  alfo  ordained  fevcn 
vicars,  of  whom  two  in  every  week  (hebdomodares  per  vices)  \  and 
that  the  mafs  fliould  not  be  celebrated  without  the  deacon  and 
fubdeacon,  in  their  veftments  appointed  for  their  office.  Alio, 
when  the  vicars  are  entered,  they  fhall  give  their  oaths  of  fide- 
lity, to  be  faithful  to  the  church  and  chapter  ;  and  fhall  ule 
black  crapes  and  furplices,  efpecially  when  they  minifler  for  the 
canons  in  the  church,  and  have  clean,  honeft  habits,  &c.  Whofo 
does  contrary  to  thefe  conflitutions  fliall  be  puniflied  according  to 
the  will  of  the  dean  and  chapter. 

Richard  Pottach,  an  Englifhman,  who  became  bifliop  of  Aber- 
deen after  bifaop  Ramfay's  death,  about  anno  1256,  and  fate  13 
years  bifhop,  joined  to  the  aforefaid  number  of  the  bifhop's  chap- 
ter the  parfon  of  Crimond,  anno  1262;  but  where  his  manfe  is 
appointed  him  is  not  known,  or  he  has  had  none  in  tlie  chaiiry. 

Henry  Cheyne,  who  became  bifliop  of  Aberdeen,  anno  1281, 
added  four  prebends  to  the  aforefaid  number  of  the  bifliop's 
chapter,  ift,  Was  the  paribn  of  Lonmay,  anno  1314;  but 
'tis  not  known  where  his  manfe.  Sec.  were  appointed  him.  2nd, 
Was  the  parfon  of  Aberdour,  anno  131 8;  neither  is  it  knmvn 
where  his,  8cc.  3d,  Was  the  parfon  of  Forbes,  anno  1321;, 
whofe  manfe,  yard,  and  gleib  were  in  the  duke  of  Gordon's 
garden,  on  the  Wefl  fide  of  faid  garden-dyke,  about  the  middle  of 
it;  having  on  tlie  North  the  parfon  of  Bellielire's  manfe,  and  on 
the  South  the  parfon  of  Philorth's.  This  manfe  (Forbes's)  ftood 
oppofite  to  the  parfon  of  Kincarden's  lodging,  but  was  demoliflied 
a  long  time  ago.     4th,  Was  the  parfon  of  Ellon,  anno  J  3  2  8 ;   for 

F  the 


34  HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 

the  faid  biiliop  Cheyne  gat  the  confent  of  the  abbot  and  monks 
of  the  abbacy  of  Kinloch  for  doing  thereof,  becaiife  Ellon  belonged 
to  them;  and  the  houfe  of  Watertoun  was  the  abbot  of  Kinloffe's 
fammer-houfe,  called  then  Abbot's  Hall.  His  manfe  lies  on  the 
Welt  fide  of  the  chaniry,  between  Bonchory's  at  the  North,  and 
Cruden's  manfe  at  the  South;  and  his  gleib  was  Bogforth,  which 
lies  at  the  back  of  the  cathedral;  and  which  colonel  Middleton 
bought  from  the  heirs  of  the  deceaft  Thomas  Foreft,  merchant  of 
Aberdeen.  And  thereafter,  James  Edward,  in  Chappelton  of  El- 
fick,  bought  Ellon's  manfe  from  the  heirs  of  the  faid  deceaft  Tho- 
mas Foreft.  The  parfon  of  Ellon's  manfe  was  firft  at  the  North- 
Weft  end  of  the  biftiop's  lodgings  near  Bogforth. 

Alexander  Kininmonth,  firft  of  that  name  (of  whom  before) 
added  to  the  aforefaid  number  the  parfon  of  Kincardine-Onei), 
which  was  formerly  an  hofpital  for  fick  people;  founded  by  Allan 
Durward,  anno  1330.  His  manfe,  yard,  and  gleib,  lie  on  the 
Weft  fide  of  the  chanry,  having  Methlick's  manfe  on  the  South, 
and  the  parfon  of  Deer's  on  the  North.  A  fbn  of  the  laird  of 
Dores,  furnamed  Frafer,  built  a  part  of  Kincardine-Oneil's  lodg- 
ing; for  his  name  and  amiorial-coat  v/ere  upon  one  of  the  peet- 
ftones  thereof.  At  the  South  end  of  it  was  an  oratory,  built  for 
the  eafe  and  ufe  of  the  parfon  of  Kincardine-Oneil^  and  it  has 
been  upon  fome^  extraordinary  occafion,  when  an  oratory  was  al- 
lowed to  be  built  within  the  chanry,  and  fo  near  the  cathedral. 
Mr.  John  Elphinfton's  name,  parfon  of  Kincardine,  was  upon  the 
ftair  thereof,  and  perhaps  eaufed  build  the  oratory,  which  is  yet 
entire.  This  great  lodging  pertained  lately  to  Mr.  Alexander 
Frafer,  fubprincipal  of  the  King's  college,  who  demoliflied  it;  and 
with  the  ftones  thereof  built  his  malt-barn  at  Powife--Burn,  near 
his  own  houfe,  and  difpofed  of  the  gleib  thereof,  with  the  oratory  ; 
and  alfo,  the  parfon  of  Deer,  and  Cruden's  gleibs;    all  thefe  three 

Iving 


HIS  TORT   .OF'.    ABERDEEN.  35 

lying  contiguous  together,  to  George  Conon,  prefent  heritor  of 
them;  for  which  he  ptiid  the  faid  lubprincipal  a  thoufand  pounds 
Scots  money,  anno  171I.  v.:  a:  i.L...  ;. .  /..j;,  ,-  ;  .  ,i  'i>.ji!i,.v  x'.V 
Alexander  Kininmouth,  fecorrd  of  that' tiame,  (df  ■^Vhom  like- 
wife  before)  added  the  five  following  prebends  to  the  above  num- 
ber of  the  biiliop's  chapter.  /  i.  Was  the  parfpn  of  Invernochtie, 
or  Strathdon,  anno  1358;  whofe  manfe,  yard,  and  gleib,  lie  on 
the  Weft  fide  of  the  chanry,  having  on  the  North  the  parfon  of 
Turreff's  manfe,  and  on  the  South  the  chamber  of  the  port, 
which  feems  to  have  belonged  to  One  of  the  prebends.  His  yard 
and  gleib,  as  alfo  two  other  prebends'  manfes,  cannot  be  known 
(as  is  thought)  becaufe  Lewis  Gordon  of  Kinmundy,  prefent  he- 
ritor, will  not  fuffer  his  papers  to  be  feen.  Some  time  after  the  Re- 
formation, Sir  Alexander  Gordon  of  Cluny  purchafed  the  faid 
manfe,  with  four  riggs  at  the  end  of  their  yards,  which  were 
their  gleibs,  from  one  Robert  Joffe,  and  enclofed  all  into  a  garden. 
He  built  the  gallery,  and  joined  it  to  the  port-chamber,  anno 
1623.  He  alfo  purchafed  from  Henry  Adam  an  houfe  and  yard, 
in  the  South-Eaft  end  of  the  yard,  which  hath  been  one  of  the 
prebends'  lodgings ;  and  bought  from  him  that  houfe  and  yard, 
which  lies  on  the  South  fide  of  Bailie  Baxter's  tenement,  now  pof- 
feflfed  by  Francis  Thomfon,  fometime  late  chamberlain  to  the  earl 
of  Panmuir,  for  the  lands  of  Belheire;  and  thereafter  by  James 
Johnfton,  merchant  in  Old  Aberdeen,  who  married  the  reli6l 
of  the  faid  Francis  Thomfon;  which  was  the  firft  flated  houfe 
in  the  old  town,  except  the  chanry.  She  repaired  the  faid  houfe 
ajnd  tenement,  anno  1722.  But  fome  affirm,  That  Cluny  dif- 
poned  faid  flated  houfe  in  the  old  town  to  Henry  Adam,  in  place 
of  the  faid  houfe  and  yard  he  had  near  the  South-Eaft  end  of 
Cluny's  Wynd.  2.  Was  the  parfon  of  Philorth,  anno  1361, 
whofe  manfe  lies  on  the  Eaft  fide  of  the  chanry ;  having  Forbes'? 

F   2  manfe 


36  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

manfe  on  the  North,  and  the  manfe  of  another  prebend  which  is  not 
known,  becaufe  the  prefent  heritor  will  not  let  his  papers  be  feen. 
Alexander  Irvine,  weaver,  hath  this  prebend's  manle,  yard,  and 
gleib;  and  is  heritor  this  year,  17  2,5.  3.  Is  the  parfon  of  Meth- 
lick,  anno  1362,  whofe  manfe,  yard,  and  gleib,  lie  on  the  Weft 
lideof  the  chanry;  having  on  the  North  the  parfon  of  Kincair- 
den's  manfe,  and  at  the  South  the  parfon  of  TurrefF's ;  all  which 
now  pertain  to  Lewis  Godmundy,  anno  1725.  Walter  Stewart, 
principal  of  the  King's  college,  procured  the  annexation  of  the 
redory  of  Methlick  to  faid  college,  anno  1586;  and  was  con- 
firmed by  king  James  VI.  in  the  20th  year  of  his  reign.  This 
confirmation  was  granted  upon  condition,  that  there  fliould  be  a 
fit  perfon  placed  at  the  kirk  of  Methlick  to  preach  to  the  parifli- 
ioners.  Since  that  time  the  eldeft  reader  of  faid  college  is  recSlor  of 
Methlick.  4.  Was  Tillieneftle,  anno  1366,  whofe  manfe  ft  and  s 
upon  the  church-yard-dyke  of  St.  Machar;  having  the  bifliop's 
hofpital  at  the  Weft,  and  the  cathedral  at  the  Eaft.  His  yard  and 
gleib  have  the  faid  hofpital-yard  at  the  Weft,  and  Bogforth  at  the 
Eaft.  This  manfe,  yard,  and  gleib,  pertained  heritably  to  the 
deceaft  George  Kilgour,  fometime  beadle  of  this  church.  His 
heirs  fold  them  to  colonel  Middleton,  for  which  he  paid  them 
feven  hundred  merks,  Scots  money,  1723.  5.  Prebend  was 
Drumoak,  anno  1368;  but  where  his  manfe,  yard,  and  gleib 
were  appointed  is  not  certainly  known;  or,  he  had  none  in  the 
chaiVy. 

Gilbert  Greenlaw,  who  l>ecame  biftiop  of  Aberdeen,  about  anno 
1 390,  added  the  parfon  of  Turreff"  to  be  a  member  of  the  bifliop's 
chapter,  anno  1412.  His  manfe,  yard,  and  gleib,  lie  on  the 
Weft  fide  of  the  chaiiry;  having  Methlick*s  on  the  North,  and 
Invernochtie's  manfe  on  the  South,     It  was  built  by  Alexander 

Hay, 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


37 


Hay,  parfon  of  Turreff,  which  pertains  now  to  the  trades  of 
Old  Aberdeen,  with  the  yard  and  gleib  both  tnciofed,  and  made 
a  garden.  And  the  faid  trades  have  built  in  the  clofe  of  the  afore- 
faid  manfe,  an  hofpital  for  ten  poor  widows,  tradefmen's  reli<fts, 
anno  17  ii.  This  hofpital  was  built  by  contributions,  and  the 
poor  women  living  it  have  not  much  allowance.  There  are  an 
hundred  merks  mortified  to  them  by  the  deceaft  Alexander  Mitch-. 
ell,  late  clerk  to  the  trades  of  New  Aberdeen.  The  trades  of  Old 
Aberdeen  give  them  fome  money  quarterly;  and  they  get  charity 
fxom  feveral  perfons  of  faid  town.  There  are  now  in  it  eight 
women,  anno  1725,  who  get  each  of  them  quarterly  twenty- 
fiiillings  Scots  from  faid  trades,  who  likewife  have  appointed  little 
hail-yards  for  them  within  faid  clofe.  To  the  trades  belongs  the 
big  houfe,  which  pays  yearly  twenty-eight  pounds  Scots  money ; 
and  the  yard  and  houfe  on  the  ftreet  pay  merks. 

Kinkell,   or  Telia  principals,  was  of  old  an  habitation  of  the 
knight  of  Jerufalem.  As  there  was  an  order  of  Knight's-Templars, 
inilituted  by  pope  Gelafms  about  anno  1220,   whofe  office  and 
v.dw  was  to  defend  the  temple  and  the  holy fepulchre  at  Jerufalem; 
to  entertain  ftrangers  that  came  thither  for   devotion ;   and  to 
guard  them  in  fafety,  when  they  went  to  villt  the  places  of  the 
Holy-Land;   their  habit  being  a  white  cloak,  with  a  red  crofs,  and 
a  fword  girt  about  them ;  fo  they  were  fvippreffed  by  pope  Cle- 
ment V.  about  anno  1 3 10;  and  their  lands  were  by  a  general 
council  held  at  Vienna  conferred  on  the  knights  of  the  order  of 
St.  John  of  Jerufalem;  called  alio  Joannites;  and  after  knights  of 
the  Rhodes;   and  laftly  of  Malta;  where  they  live  to  this  day. 
But  the  Templars   and  their  fucceflbrs   had  only  one  houfe  in 
Scotland;   which  was  the  hofpital  of  St.  Germain's   in  Lothian. 
This  houfe  was  difTolved,  anno  1 494:   and  the  greatcft  part  of  its 
revenues  by  king  James  IV.  conferred  upon  the  King's  college  of 
Aberdeen,  then  newly  founded  by  bifliop  William  Elphingfton. 
I  But 


3?  HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 

But  Henry  Lichtoun,  bifliop  of  Aberdeen,  joined'  tlie^'parfon  of 
Kindell  to  the  above-written  number  of  canons,  and  to  be  a  mem- 
ber of  the  bifliop's  chapter,  anno  1424.  His  manfe  lies  on  the 
Weft  fide  of  the  chanry,  having  Mortlach's  gleib  on  the  South, 
and  the  chaplain  of  Wefthall's  manfe  on  the  North.  His  yard 
and  gleib  lie  on  the  North-Weft;  all  which  is  pertained  to  Alex- 
ander Gordon  of  Berfemore,  and  thereafter  to  Adam  Gordon  of 
laverebrie;  but  the  gleib  belonged  heritably  to  Patrick  Walker 
of  Torrielieth;  and  now  to  James  Edward.  But  the  faid  Adam 
Gordon  difpofed  of  this  manfe,  with  the  reiSlor  of  Monumuflc's 
manfe,  to  Mr.  William  Smith,  fecond  prefbyterian  minifter  of  St. 
Machar,  and  got  for  them  three  hundred  and  fifty  merks  Scot's 
loney.  This  Mr.  Smith,  out  of  the  ruins  of  faid  large  manfe, 
wherein  he  got  much  free-ftone,  built  an  houfe  for  himfelf,  three 
ftory  high,  anno  1720;  as  alfo,  office-houfes  and  the  yard-dyke; 
aiid  levelled  the  height  that  was  in  the  North-Weft  end  of  faid 
yard.  Forafmuch  as  Kirkhill  ftood  infeoffed  in  this  manfe  for 
warrandyce  of  his  tythes  about  Aberdeen,  granted  by  the  faid 
Alexander  Gordon  of  Berfemore;  the  faid  Mr.  William  Smith 
agreed  with  Kirkhill,  and  paid  him  40I.  Scots,  to  difcharge  him' 
of  faid  warrandyce.  There  is  an  annuity  of  ten  merks  paid  out 
of  faid  manfe  to  St.  Machar's  chrirch,  and  had  been  refting  up- 
wards of  60  years.  The  faid  Mr.  Smith  agreed  with  the  feffion 
who  paffed  him  all  by-gone  annuities;  but  pays  yearly  the  faid 
ten  merks  in  time  coming. 

The  parfon  of  Kinkell  was  a  great  man  in  the  chapter;  for  he 
was  parfon  of  feven  churches,  viz.  'Kinkell,  Kintore,  Kinellar, 
Skeen,  Kemnay,  Dycc,  and  Drumblait.  This  patronage  and  par- 
fonage  were  annexed  to  the  principal  of  St.  Leonard's  college  of 
St.  Andrew's,  who  is  dean  thereof;  which  archbiihop  Sharp  got 
efteiSluated  after  king  Charles  the  Second's  reftoration,  about  anno 
1662.     ■  '     ' 

The 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  3.9 

The  {liid  biHiopLichtoun  added  the  parfon  of  Cauldeftane  to 
the  aforefaid  number  of  canons,  to  be  a  member  of  the  bifliop's 
chapter,  anno  1424;  but  where  his  manfe,  yard,  or  gleib  were 
appointed' ihim  is  not  cerlainly  known;  for  he  had  none  in  the 
chanrv. 

Rochtiven,  orRathven,  was  firft  an  hofpital  for  infirm  people. 
Ingraham  Lindfay,  who  became  bilhop  of  Aberdeen  imme- 
diately after  bifliop  Lichtoun's  death,  about  1441,  added  that 
fame  year  the  parfon  of  Rathven  to  the  aforefaid  number  of 
canons,  to  be  a  member  of  tlie  bilhop's  chapter;  but,  it  feems, 
this  prebend  had  no  manfe,  yard,  nor  gleib  within  the  chahry. 
Tiie-faid  Ingraham  Lindfay  joined  the  re6tor  of  the  church  of 
Monumulk  to  the  aforefxid  numf^er  of  canons,  8s:c.  anno  1441  ; 
which  he  did  with  the  confent  of  the  bifliop  of  St.  Andrew's.  His 
rqanfe,  yard,  and  gleib  lie  on  the  North  fide  of  tlie  clianry;  hav- 
ing the  bilhop's  hofpital  at  the  Eaft,  and  the  w'ater  of  Don  at  the 
"North.  This  manfe,  after  the  Reformation,  belonged  to  Alex- 
ander Gordon  of  Berfemore;  and  at  laft  to  Adam  Gordon  of  In- 
"verebrie,  who  fold  it  to  the  faid  Mr.  William  Smith,  who  built 
therewith  his  faid  houfe  and  yard-dyke. 

Afterwards,  the  heritors  of  the  Cruives  and  Nether  Don  pur- 
chafed  the  faid  yard  and  gleib;  which  of  old  pertained  to  the  redto- 
ry  of  Monumufk,  and  difpofedof  them  lately  to  the  poor  men  who 
live  ill  the  bilhop's  hofpital.  The  parfon  of  Logie-Buchan  and 
Fetterneirj  being  of  a  later  addition  to  the  billiop's  chapter,  had 
no  manfes,  yards,  gleibs,  nor  tofts  in  faid  chanrv.  The  faid  bi- 
fliop Lindfay  flatuted  and  ordained,  tViat  every  year  one  of  the  ca^ 
nons  reflding  there  fhould  be  procurator,  general  receiver  or  col- 
Icdor  of  all  tlie  fruits  and  rents  of  the  whole  churches  belonging 
to  them;  and  make  equal  diftribution  to  the  canons;  together 
with  an  accompt  once  a  year  of  ail  received  by  him  in  the  chapter, 
when  required  of  hini,. 

Utensils 


40  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

Utensils,  to  be  left  by  a  preceding  Prebend  or  Canon,  to  his 

fucceflbr  in  the  chanry,  viz. 

In  the  hall;  a  table,  very  fiifficient,  with  treflles.  Item,  a  ba- 
fon,  with  a  place  to  wafli.  Item,  a  table-cloth,  with  an  hand- 
towel.     Item,  a  filver  fpoon,  and  a  ftoup  with  a  lid. 

In  his  chamber,  a  lye-couch  or  bed.  Item,  a  cover  agreeing 
with  the  breadth  thereof.  Item,  a  pair  of  linen  fheets,  and  two 
pair  of  blankets. 

In  the  kitchen ;  a  fufficient  plate,  and  iron  pot.  Item,  a  mortar 
and  peftle.  Item,  a  chain  or  kettle-crook.  Item,  a  platter,  a 
difli-clout,  a  fpit,  with  lawdeir. 

In  the  brew-houfe ;  a  lead  with  a  cover  called  the  mafh-vat,  a 
trough,  a  geil-vat  or  fland,  a  barrel. 

They  were  to  be  appropriated  according  to  their  value,  viz.  for 
a  pound  wanting  a  fhilling. 

When  any  of  the  clergy  committed  a  fault,  or  tranigrefled  the 
laws  made  by  the  bifliop,  they  were  punifhed  by  the  dean  and 
chapter,  or  by  penal  rauld:;  the  one-half  to  be  applied  for  the 
fabrick  of  the  church,  and  the  other  for  the  reparation  of  the  or- 
naments thereof.  But  if  the  fault  was  heinous,  then  the  punifli- 
mentwas  by  excommunication.  Every  one  of  the  canons  were 
obliged  to  make  ready  obedience  to  the  dean ;  for  he  was  fet  over 
all  the  reft,  viz.  canons  and  vicars,  in  the  government  of  their 
manners.  When  he  went  into  the  chapter-houfe,  the  canons 
ftood  all  up  in  the  quire;  when  the  clergy  removed,  they  bowed 
tohim,  if  the  biihop  was  not  prefent,  8cc. 

Of  the  Trades  of  Old  Aberdeen. 

There  are  only  five  in  this  town,    viz.  Hammermen;   which 
comprehend  fmiths,  Wrights,  and  coopers.      2.  Tailors.      3.  Shoe- 
makers. 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  41 

makers,  4.  Weavers.  And  5.  Flefhers-.  Tkefe  trades  have 
money  ia  their  boxes.  Item,  they  have  i'even  mort-cloths ;  one 
pays  7].;  iecond,  6h ;  third,  5L;  fourth,  4L;  fifth,  3L;  lixth, 
al.  Scots,  when  there  is.oGcafiqn  t'ox  leniUug  them  at  ])urials ;  and 
the  feventh  is  given  gratis  fof. the  poor's  ufe^  Item,  they  have  u 
niafler  of  niortitications,  at  the  fame  time  chofen  with  the  con-, 
veener. 

Wiien  the  magiitrates  make  merchant-burghers,  they  pay 
twenty  pounds  Scots  to  the  towHv; .  half  a  crown  of  guild-w^ine; 
fourteen-pence  to  the  clerk;  and  twelve-pence  to  the  town's 
officers. 

When  the  faid  mafriftrates  made  a  trade's  freeman  of  this  bureh, 

he  pays  only  ten  merks  to  the  town ;   half  a  crown  of  guild-wine; 

fourteen-pencc   to  the    clerk;    and   twdvei'p'ence  to  the  town's 
cfficers.     '  '        '  '^^^^  r?bnq.fi  od  i^hicdl  i' .•Trjr/>  :c-rbj.  :!r-;  -Y^ 


The  Town's  ArmoXtr. 

There  pertain  to  this  townfliip  fire- locks,  guns,  miifkets,  hal- 
berts,  fwords,  picks,  with  a  coatof  mail,  8cc. ;  all  kept  in  culfody 
by  the  treafurer,  or  fome  other  truftee,  for  the  ufe  of  the  town. 


Bifliop  Elphingfton,  7th  of  May,  150^,  made  the  following 
conftitutions,  with  the  confent  of  the  dean  and  canons  of  the 
chapter.  He  ordained  or.  made,  confirming  the  conftitutious 
of  his  predeceffors,  twenty  vicars  of  the  quire,  well  jinftrui51:ed  in 
the  priefthood,  and  the  Gregorian  fong^  daily  tied  to  divine  offices 
in  the  fame;  two  deacons;  two  fubdeacons;  two  acolyts;  fix 
finging  boys,  with  a  facrift;  who  muft  at  all  times  be  prefent  in 
the  quire,  Sec*      Alfo,  that  every  vicar  fliould  have  tvventy  pounds 

G  '^  at 


42  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

at  leaft  for  his  falary,  from  the  faculty  of  the  canons  and  chapter^, 
yearly,  as  they  are  taxed,  Sec;  with  an  honeft  habit  at  the  entry 
of  faid  vicars ;  the  deacon  eight  pounds ;  the  fubdeacon  fm  pounds 
and  four  pennies;  and  the  acolyte  four  pounds;-  every  one  of  the 
finging-boys  fifty-three  fliillings  and  four  pennies;  and  the  facriil 
ten  pounds  Scots;  to  be  paid  four  times  in-  the  year..  Bifliop 
Gavin  Dunbar  approves  of  the  number  of  the  vicars;  and  to^ 
every  one  of  their  falaries  added  four  fliillings,  according  to  the. 
afore  faid  dillributions,  anno  1519. 


Of  the  Sacrist's  Office. - 

The  faid  biiliop  Elphingfton  firft  ordained,  that  the  facrifl:  ofi' 
the  catliedral  church  fiiouid  be  a  prietf,  conftituted  in   the  prieil:- 
hood;   who  every  day  in  tiie  year,  as  well  on  holidays  as  t'eitivals,. 
Ihould  be  prefent  hi  cboro,   cum  habitufuo  decente,  tunica  talariy, 
tS  JuperpelUcioy  with  other  vicars  of  the  quire  of  faid  church. 
Item,  he  fhall  caufe  his  beadle  to  ri'ng  the  bells  on  hohdays  and; 
feftivalsj  through  the  whole  year,  fummer  and  winter,. viz.  to  the- 
mattins,  at  five  o'clock  in  the  morning,  a  quarter  of  an  liour  for. 
the  firft ;   forthefecond  fcarce  continuing,  half  an  hour;   and  for- 
the  third  bell  near  fix  a  like  time  with  the  firft.      At  fix,   with 
the  beadle,   he  fiiall  convene  all  the  vicars  of  the  quire  to   the 
mattins,   with    convenient  habits;,  the  mattins  being  performed,, 
he  lliall  ring  a  little  bell  for  the  mafsof  the  bleffed  Virgin  Mary,, 
&c.      He  fliall  ring  the  grea^  bells  at  the  folemn  feafts  and  the 
meetings- of  the  canons  every  day  throughout  the  year;   and  he. 
fhall  ring  at  the  third  hour  in  the  afternoon,  Sec.  and  at  eight  he 
fliall  ring  the  little  bell  for  the  fouls  of  all  the  faithful  departed. 
Item,  he  fliall  roule  the  clock  day  and  night,  and  keep  it  in  order. 
Item,  he  fliall  keep  the  cathedral  day  and  night,  and  all  the  veft- 

ments 


-HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  43 

rnents  of  the  altars,  and  the  high-altar;   as  alfo,  the  books  of  the 
choir  and  chapter,  with  other  goods  pertaining  to  laid  canons. 

Divine  fervice  being  performed,  he  Hiall  fold  up  the  veftments 
decently,  and  lay  them  in  the  place  appointed  for  them 

Item,  he  fliall  make  clean  the  cathedral,  quire  and  chapter- 
houfe,  every  fabbath ;  and  the  windows  of  the  laid  church  from 
all  blots;  and  the  walls  from  allduft  and  moufe-webs;  four  times 
a  year;  as  alfo,  the  pavement  every  fabbath- day  with  water  and 
befoms  from  all  rotteneis.  Item,  he  fliall  keep  the  church-yard 
fo  that  beailial  fliall  not  enter  into  it;  alfo,  the  church  and  yard, 
that  merchant  goods  come  not  into  them,  in  time  of  mercats. 
Item,  the  chuuch,  fo  that  doves  and  ravens  come  not  into  it,  as 
Mell  in  fummer  as  in  winter.  Item,  he  flTall  keep  the  ftillicidcs 
and  aqu3edu(5ts  of  faid  church  clean,  when  there  is  need,  and  the 
windows  from  grafs  growing  upon  that  accompt.  Item,  he  lb  all 
provide  ft^elli  water,  if  need  be,  every  day  in  the  morning  through- 
out-the  year,  for  holy  water,  and  the  baptifmal  font;  and  for 
wadiing  their  hands  who  miniifer  in  the  church  ;  and  fire  for 
'kindling  the  candles  of  the  high-altar,  when  needful.  Item,  he 
fliall  keep  a  lamp  continually  burning  ami  fliiningclay  and  night, 
with  oil  of  the  chapter,  before  the  Holy  Sacrament.  Item,  he  fliall 
light  candles  before  the  great  altar  and  images  thereof.  Item,  he 
fliall  repair  in  the  quire  the  high  altar  with  arras-cloth;  and  the 
billiop's  feat,  as  well  in  the  quire  as  in  the  chapter.  Item,  he 
ought,  every  holy  and  fellival  day,  having  on  his  furplice,  to  go 
before  the  choir  in  proceffion,  with  a  wand  in  his  hand,  through 
both  church  ami  church-yard,  when  needful,  and  keep  clean  the 
holy  embofled  Evangel;  alfo,  he  ought  to  provide  pfalms  on 
Palm-Sunday,  and  the  day  of  Pentecolf,  at  the  proceffion.  Item, 
he  ought  to  cover  th-e  high-altar  with  a  clean  linen  cloth.  Item, 
he  ought  to  caufe  wafli  all   the  veftments  of  the  high-altar;   the 

G  2  bleffed 


44  HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 

bleffc'd  Virgin  Mary;  the  holy  Crofs;  and  the  linen  cloaths,  and 
white  coverings  of  them,  every  year,  fix  times  at  leaft.  Thefe 
cloaths  wafned  cleral  Ihall  be  laid  up  in  the  veftry.  Item,  he 
ihall  prepare  the  pulpit  for  the  preachers,  if  need  be.  Item,  he 
fiiall  obferve,  that  the  lackwbys  or  fchoUrs  carry  not  away  the 
cups  out  of  the  quire  froni  any  celebration  of  the  holy  facrament. 
Item,  he  fliall  note  in  a  table  the  vicars  of  the  quire  that  do  not 
celebrate  the  private  mafles  every  week,  according  to  the  tenor  of 
their  foundation.  Item,  he  Ihall'  fabjeift  himfelf  to  taxation,  as 
other  vicars  do.  If  he  be  deficient  as  to  the  premifes,  or  abfent 
himfelf  from  the  mattins  or  evehing  vefpcrs,  at  the  ringing  of  the 
bell,  then  lliall  the  fourth  part  of  his  yearly  falary  be  fubtraded 
by  the  chapter. 

/.      s.     d. 

lO       o       o 


} 


For  all  which  exercifes  he  fliall  receive  yearly  from 

the  canons  of  the  chapter, 
For  ringing  the  bells  for  any  dead  perfon,  o 

For  ringing  the  bell  of  th^  anniverfary  of  the  quire,  t 

from  the  vicars  thereof,  "  J 

For  wafiiing  of  the  veifrhents  and  corporals  of  the  t 

chapter  and  our  I.kIv,  J 

For  keeping  the  ftillicides,  — 

For  keeping  the  doves  out  of  the  church. 
From  every  canon  that  is  received  into  the  chapter, 
From  every  canon  celebrating  mais  on  a  iblcran  day, 
For  cleanfing  the  brazen  velfels  of  the  church, 

In  all  13      2      2 

Item,' he  Hiall  not  be  admitted  to  the  fiid  ofiico  except  he  f.vcar 
to  keep  the  premifes,  and  make  a  liiificientfermon,  leil  the  goods 
of  the  faid- -Chu'rch  ;  fjiould  be.  diiapitjated,  or  made  woiie  by  his 
fault,  and  taken  away  l>y  any  perfon. 

Of 


o 

0 

4 

o 

6 

8 

o 

6 

8 

o 

6 

8 

o 

6 

8 

o 

o 

6 

0 

6 

8 

HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


45 


Of  the  Chaplain's  Court. 


This  court  was  built  by  bifliop  Gavin  Dunbar,  anno  1519  ;  as' 
witnels  his  name  and  armorial  coat  above  the  entrv-gate,  vet  to 
be  feen.  This  fquarc  court  lies  at  the  South-EafI:  end  of  the  bi- 
fliop's  garden,  containing  chambers  for  twenty  vicars  or  chaplains; 
fjme  fay  more ;  who  were  all  ferved  at  a  common  table  within 
thefaid  court.  They  were  prieLls,  and  performed  the  common 
fervice  of  the  cathedral.  It  had  four  towers  in  ir,  one  in  everv 
corner  of  the  clofs;  with  a  draw-well  in  the  middle  of  it,  yet  re- 
maining entire.  The  kitchen  flood  next  to  the  North-Welt 
tower.  About  the  beginning  of  the  Reformation  of  religion  it 
fell  into  a  laick  perfon's  hands;  for  the  clerk  of  the  regiller  got 
a  ratification  of  faid  court,  in  the  time  of  king  James  VI.  parlia- 
ment 1 4.  Afterwards,  Patrick.  Forbes  of  Corfe,  bifl^op  of  Aber- 
deen, made  it  Divinity  college;  and  the  ftudents  in  divinity  pof- 
fefled  the  chambers  thereof;  and  doctor  Forbes,  profeiibr  of  di- 
vinity in  the  King's  college,  taught  them  therein. 

The  faid  bifhop  Forbes's  grave-ilone  lies  in  bifliop  Gavin  Dun- 
bar's iilc,  with  the  following  infcription  upon  ir. 


■  (Xi^via.     Apoc.  vii.   10. 

*'  I  lie  requiefcit  vir  incom- 
par;:l)i]is,  fulgentiilimum  qiron- 
dam  Scoti'cC  lidus,  Patricius  For- 
befias,  epifcopus  Aberdonenfis, 
rcdHior  prudentiffimti's,  paftor  fi- 
dehflimus,  proedicator  eximius, 
fcriptor  egregi'us,  confiliarius 
regius,  ftudij  genei^lis  Aber- 
'-  donenlis 


''  Salvation  to  our  God,   and  to 
the  Lamb.      Rev.  vii.  10. 

"  Here  lies  an  incomparable 
man,  the  moll:  blazing  Itar  ia 
Scotland  in  thi'age  he  lived  iin', 
Patrick  Forbes,  bilhop  of  AlyeiV  ' 
decn,  a  moft  prudent  goveriSof^j. 
a'  molt  f^irhful  paih)i^,''i(n' 'ex- 
cellent -predther^  a  rh'otable' 
writer,  anibit-  noble    (^oiiiicel- 

kii:, 


46 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


donenlls  inflaurator,  &:  cancel- 
larius  ;  &  novae  profeilionis 
theologicse  in  eoilem  fundator; 
Baro  de  Onel,  Dominiis  a  Corfe; 
qui  placide  ac  pie  obijt,  piidie 
pafchatis,  28  Mart.  AnnoDom. 
1635,  'cCtatis  fuoe  7  r. 


*'  Coetns  ftella  facri,  paftorum 
gemma  regent;  deliciie  Corfe, 
gloria  cura  poli.  Salus  per 
Chrirtum.  Nemo  tollat,  qiii 
Deum  timet." 


lor,  one  that  repaired  the  col- 
lege of  Old  Aberdeen,  and  chan- 
cellor thereof;  and  founder  of 
the  reformed  religion  in  the 
fame  place;  Baron  of  Oneil,  and 
Laird  of  Corfe.  He  lived  peace- 
ably, and  died  happily  the  day 
.before  Eafter,  March  28,  1635, 
being  7 1  years. 

"  He  was  a  leading  ftar  to 
the  facred  affembly ;  the  pearl 
of  the  paftoral  government,  a 
glory  to  the  name  of  Corfe, 
Heaven's  darling  and  delight. 
Happy  through  the  merits  of 
Chrift.  Let  none  violate  this 
that  .fears  God." 


Near  the  faid  bidiop's  grave-ftone,  lies  that  of  the  faid  dodcar 
Forbes's  lady,  with  this  infcription,  viz. 


*'  Hie  requieftit  mater,  cum 
qnatuor  filijs,  8i  totidem  filiabus ; 
generofa  mulier,  pietate  S>i;  vir- 
tute  infignis,  dulcis  rofa  arbor 
Middleburgen,  conjux  Joannis 
Forbefij,  Domini  a  Corfe,  Ba- 
ronis  de  Oneil,  Prefbyteri,  &  S. 
S.  Tlieolog.  Doa.  &  Profeffo- 
ris;  quae  placide  ac  pie  obijt, 
19  Jan.  1640.     Pulvere  quod 

tegitur 


"  Here  lies  the  mother,  with 
four  fons,  and  as  many  daugh- 
ters, agentlewoman  remarkable 
for  her  piety  and  virtue,  the 
moft  delicate  and  beautiful  role  . 
of  Middicburgh,  fpoufe  to  John 
Forbes,  Laird  of  Corfe,  Baron 
of  Oneil,  Prefbyter,  Dodfor  and 
Profeffor  of  TheoloQ-v.  She 
lived  peaceably  and  died  hap- 
6  pily, 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  47 

tBgitur  corpus  fine  labe  refur-  pily,  i  2th  January,  1640.  Her 
get;  interea  fruitur  mens  fuper  body,  now  covered  with  duft, 
aftra  Beo."  fliall  rife  again  without  fpot  or 

blemifli;  her  foul,  in  the  mean 
time,  enjoying  God  far  above 
the  rtars." 

At  laft,  the  faid  Dr.  Forbes  purchafed  a  lodging  within  faid 
court,  for  the  ufe  of  a  profefTor  in  divinity  in  the  laid  college;  and 
another  for  the  ufe  of  the  maiter  of  the  mufic-fchool  in  Old  Aber- 
deen, now  ruinous.  The  reft  of  tbe  court  is  in  laick-men's  hands 
to  this  day.  He  was  much  troubled  by  the  covenanters  ;  his 
place  declared  vacant,  anno  1  643;  and  put  from  his  houfe,  wbich 
he  had  bought,  becaufe  in  the  difpofition  to  his  fucceffors  he 
had  not  referved  a.  claufe  of  his  own  life-rent.  He  went  to  Hol- 
land, anno  1 644,  there  to  remain  in  thofe  troublefome  times.  He 
was  a  religious  man,  who  feared  God,  charitable  to  the  poor,  and 
n  lingular  fcholar;  and  yet  was  difcharged,  and  forced  to  leave  his 
native  country,.becaufe  he  would  not  comply  with  the  covenanters, 
to  the  giief  oFmany  honeft  people.  When  he  was  in  Holland, 
he  cauled  print  his  great  book  '=  De  InfirudLionibus  Hilfbrico- 
Theologicis."  After  he  had  ftaid  two  years  there,  he  returned 
home,  anno  1646;  went  to  Cbrfe,  where  he  fpent  the  reft  of  his 
days  in  preparing  for  death;,  and  a  little  before  he  died  deftred  bis 
friends  to  get  liberty  from  the  minifter  of  St.  Machar,  and  the 
prefbytery  of  Old  Aberdeen,  to,  let  his  corpfe  be  interred  befide  his 
father  and  his  own  fpoufe,  in  biftiop  Gavin  Dunbar's  iflc;  which- 
favour  was  refufed,  for  ali'his  friends  could  do  there  ancnt.  Tbeii 
he  delired  to  bury  his  corpfe  in  the  church-yard  of  Leuchil,, 
where  he  lies  without  a  monument.    Me  died  April  29,.  1648. 

Mr.. 


4.5  HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 

Mr.  David  Andcribn,  a  prefbyterian  miniiicr  of  divinity  in  th© 
King's  college,  got  allowance  from  the  fynodof  Aberdeen,  to  take 
two  thoufand  merks  from  the  money  which  belonged  to  his  of- 
fice, to  repair  his  lodging  in  the  faid  court;  which  he  did,  and 
made  a  convenient  lodgable  houfe,  anno  1718.  His  name  and 
Jaid  year  are  upon  the  peet-ilones  thereof.  He  alfo  built  an 
houfe  where  the  chaplain's  kitchen  flood;  which  kitchen  was 
fometime  after  the  Reformation  accidentally  burnt,  w-ith  fome 
other  houfes.  He  hath  alfo  a  little  gardei?  in  the  clofe,  oppofite 
to  the  .entry  of  his  lodging,  well  dyked,  and  an  outer  gate. 


Account  of  the  Chaplainries  belonging  to  faid  church;  their 
yards,  manfes,  and  little  tofts  or  gleibs ;  together  with  fome 
fmall  account  of  the  rent  which  pertained  to  them. 

The  chaplainry  of  Welhail,  founded  by  Ingraham  Lindfay, 
bifliop  of  Aberdeen,  was  flridtly  tied  to  divine  fervice  in  the  quire. 
His  rnanfe,  yard,  and  gleib  lie  on  the  North  iide  of  the  chanry, 
having  the  water  of  Don  on  the  North,  tlie'parfon  of  TinkelFs 
manfe  at  the  South,  the  reilor  of  Monumuflc's  manfe  at  the  Eafl, 
and  Tilliedron's  hill  at  the  Weft.  Mr.  Patrick  Walker  was  he- 
ritor of  this  manfe,  yard,  and  gleib;  and  now  James  Edward. 
Since  the  reformation  of  religion,  this  chaplainry  was  annexed  to 
the  King's  college,  and  pays  yearly  to  it  ten  lliillings  Scots,  and 
two  merks  of  fue-duty;  and  Mr.  John  Hour,  advocate  and  heritor, 
pays,  for  his  lands  of  VVefthall  (which  formerly  belonged  to  faid 
chaplainry),  lying  in  the  parifli  of  Oync,  to  faid  college  44I.  of  fue 
duty. 

Item,  the  chaplainry  of  Galchol,  lying  in  the  fliire  of  Banff,  to 
God  and  the  blefled  Virgin  Mary,  and  to  the  biflTLop  of  Aberdeen, 
..,.  .  and 


H  r  S  T  O  R  Y  ■   O  F  .  A  B  E  R  D  E  E  N.  49 

and  the  chapter  thereof;  to  maintain  a  chaplain  in  the  cathedral 
church  of  Aberdeen,  to  pray  for  the  fafety  of  his  foul,  his  an- 
ceftorsj  and  fucceflbrs,  kings  of  Scotland,  and  all  the  faithful  de- 
parted. He  grants  this  by  a  charter,  written  in  Latin  at  Aber- 
deen, September  13;   and  33d  year  of  his  reign. 

Item,  the  chaplainry  of  Mr.  John  Clatt,  fometime  a  canon  of 
Aberdeen,  for  a  chaplain  to  pray  at  the  altar  of  St.  Katharine. 
He  was  tied  to  be  continually  prefent  at  divine  fervice,  with  others 
in  the  quire.  He  had  his  manfe  on  the  Eaft  fide  of  the  chanry, 
clofe  to  Cl,uny's  Port;  and  his  yard  lies  on  the  Eaft  fide  of  his 
manfe;  which  was  mortified  by  Patrick  Sandilans  of  Cotton,  to 
the  biiliop's  hofpital,  fometime  before  his  death. 

Item,  two  chaplainries,  founded  by  Robert  Keith,  marifchall  of 
Scotland,  at  the  altar  of  the  bleffed  Virgin  Mary  in  the  faid  church. 
They  had  rent  out  of  the  lands  of  Kintore  and  Skeen ;  now  out 
of  Garlogie,  &c.  viz.  4I. ;  which  the  mafter  of  the  bifliop's  hofpi- 
tal takes  for  his  falary,  and  an  annuity  of  ...  .  payable  by  the  carl 
of  Kintore.      This  alfo  belongs  to  faid  college. 

Item,  the  chaplainry,  founded  by  Mr.  Duncan  Skurar,  retSlor  of 
Clatt,  now  imited  to  the  ftudents  in  the  canon  law. 

Item,  the  chaplainry  founded  by  Thomas  bifliop  of  Aberdeen, 
incorporated  with  the  faid  college,  and  diftributed  to  the  Undents 
in  the  canon  law. 

.  Item,  the  chuplainry  founded  by  Alexander  Cullen,  re(51or  of 
Oyne,  for  the  chaplain  to  pray  at  the  altar  of  St.  Nicholas  at  Aber- 
deen. 

Item,  a  chaplainry,  having  40I.  of  yearly  rent  out  of  the  lands 
of  Muiriecroft,  with  its  pertinents ;  founded  by  Mr.  Alexander 
Cabell,  to  pray  at  the  altar  of  St.  Devenicus. 

Item,  the  chaplainry  of  Fallow,  founded  for  a  chaplain  to  pray 

for  the  foul  of  Adam  Pyngyll.      This  chaplain  of  Fallbw-roule, 

in  the  parifli  of  Fyvie  in  the  Gavrioch,  had  his  manfe,  yard,  and 

.  .  H  glcib 


50  HISTORYOF     ABERDEEN. 

gleib  in  Meikle-Fallow,  for  the  vefliges  of  his  chapel  are  yet  to 
be  {een  in  the  in- town  land  thereof. 

This  chaplainry  was  annexed  to  the  faid  college;  and  the  he» 
ritor  of  Meikle-Fallow  pays  yearly  to  it  40I.  of  fue-duty,  for  his. 
faid  land ;  -which  formerly  belonged  to  faid  chaplainry,  &.c. 


Of  the  Altars^ 

Imprimis.  The  altar  of  the  blefled  Virgin.     St.  Andrew.     St. 
Paul.      St.  Michael,    archangel.     St.  Muritius.      St.  Dominions; 
for  which  altar  there  was  rent  paid  out  of  the  lands  of  Balgow- 
ney,  now  Fraferfield.     St.  Katharine.     The  high  altar.    St.  Deve- 
nicus.     The  chapter.     The  reft  are  wanting.     Hedtor  Boetiu?  (of 
whom  before,  firft  principal  of  faid  college,  defcended  from  the 
Boeths  of  Panbride  in  Angus,  born  in  Dundee,  and  bred  up  in 
letters  in  the  Univerfity  of  Paris),  befides  his  Hiftory  of  the  Scots, 
and  the  Lives  of  the  Bifliops  of  Aberdeen,  wrote  a  book  con- 
cerning the  altars;   wherein  he  gave   a  defcription  of  all  that 
were  in  faid  church.     Moreover,  the  chaplains  of  the  quire  had' 
the  annuities   which   fometime  thereafter   belonged   to   Walter 
Robertfon,  clerk  of  the  burgh  of  Aberdeen,  by  virtvie  of  his  ma- 
jefty's  gift  and  donation  made  to  him  imder  the  great  feal,  of  date- 
July  18,  1 61  2;   which  annuities  the  faid  Walter  Robertfon  dif- 
poned  back  to  the  faid  church ;  the  fum  whereof  is  about  i  o  il.  is. 
Scots  money. 


Of  the  Courts  of  Old  Aberdeen. 

The  old  court  books  of  faid  city  being  loft,  the  firft  now  ex- 
tant begins  as  follows: 

The 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  51 

•  The  court  of  Old  Aberdeen  holdcii  December  29,  1602  years ; 
the  faid  day  the  haill  council  and  community  of  the  town  did  cle6t 
and  choofe  Sir  Thomas  Gordon  of  Chmy,  knight,  provoft  of  Old 
Aberdeen,  and  their  bailies,  Sec.  for  the  enfuing  year,  who  accept- 
ed, and  gave  their  oaths  de  Jideli  admhiijlratione. 

The  faid  court,  March  8,  1603,  ftatute  and  ordain  by  faid  ma- 
giftrates,  That  the  common  mercate  be  holden  weekly  on  Monday, 
according  to  the  fundamental  charter;  and  that  the  merchants  and 
craftfmen  come  to  the  crofs  with  their  merchandize  on  the  mer- 
cate day  at  fix  hours  in  the  morning,  and  continue  1 2  hours  ;  ilk 
perfon  difobeymg  under  the  pain  of  twenty-fliillings.  But  now 
tlie  weekly  mercate  of  this  city  is  changed  from  Monday  to  Thurf- 
day,  conform  to  ail  of  parliament,  difcharging  burghs  of  rega- 
lity and  barony  from  keeping  mercates  on  .  Monday  or  Saturday ; 
and  has  allowed  to  change  them  to  any  other  day  of  the  week, 
provided  they  pitch  not  the  mercate-day  of  the  royal  burgh  with- 
in four  laiiks.  But  flelliers  are  excepted,  who  may  keep  fielli- 
mercates  on  thofe  days. prohibited. 

The  magiflrates  of  Old  Aberdeen  were  chofen  for  anno  1 604, 
and  did  Febniary  2,  ftatute  and  ordain,  That  none  within  faid 
town  brew  or  fell  dearer  ale  than  1 2d.  the  pint;  nor  dearer  beer 
than  I4d.;  under  the  penalty  of  40s.  for  the  firft  fault ;  4I,  for 
the  fecond;  and  81.  for  the  third;  and  this  to  endure  the  faid  ma- 
giilrates'  office,  and  will  of  the  council.  Item,  the  faid  day  it  is 
llatuted  and  ordained,  That  every  pound  of  candles  ihould  be  fold 
for  3s  4  pennies,  under  the  pain  of  4I.  Item,  That  none  within 
the  town  fliall  fell  drink  after  nine  hours  in  the  evening,  under 
the  pain  of  ten  merks.  Item,  that  none  within  this  town  fliall 
fell  milk  dearer  than  eight  pennies  the  pint. 

The  magiftrates  of  this  town   the   penult,  day  of  December 

1605,  ftatuted  and  ordained.  That  no  young  man  within  this 

town  play  at  cards  or  t.ibles,  who  l^as  no  houfe  or  rent  of  his  own; 

L  ;:  '!  H    2  ,     that 


5i  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN, 

that  no  man  receipt  him,  othervvife  they  fhall  pay  40s.  toiies  /flio- 

t.ies\  and  the  yoting  man  who  plays,  fliall  pay  405.  totUs  'qu.ati&Si. 

For  king  James  VI.  made  an  a(ft  agaiiift  carda  and  dice.         .     v.: 

The  magiilrates,  March  3,    1606,  ordain,  That  no  ftranger-i 

beggar  be  received  within  the  town,  under  a  penalty,   and  that 

for  efchewing  the  prefent  plague  or  peftiLence;   and  it  is  liatuted 

and  ordained.  That  the  beggars  within  tJhe  town  lliall  compare- 

within  the  Kirk,  at  two  hours  in  t^e  afternoon,   to  receive,  tlieir 

tokens;  and  fuch  as  compear  not  to  be  hanhhed  the  town.     It  is- 

ftatutcd  and  ordained  the  faic^  day,  biy  the  magiftrates,  with  com^-- 

fent  of  the  haill  inhabitants  ofi (the  t(?v«:ui^;That  tl^e  faicrtowD.:fiiall 

be  divided  into  four  parts,  for  fhunnirig  faid  plague,  and  quarter-^ 

mailers  appointed  thereto ;  and  two  brewers  to  be  admitted  alteni'*  •• 

nearly,,  in  every  quarter.  .-  .ii  ;,;i;.qo'v-,i  t::  -  '.■! 

.  The  magiftrates,  November  a"a>  if):o4,  ©raain.  That  the  hailli; 

inhabitants  of  the  faid  town  fliall  repair  'tki'  the  preaching  in  St*j 

Machar's  kirk,  on  Sunday  and  Wednefday,  utider  the  pains  fol^* 

lowing,  viz.  the  goodman  and  goodwifeiof-the  houfe  contravening^ 

6s..  8d.;  and  ilk  fervant  as^  Scots.,  ijv'/.  !  ['"-  ' 

.'The  pjincipal  and  maflers  of  the  college!  of  Old  Aberc}€e%ifor*i-'; 
merly  held  courts  "withiiLfaid  college  feveral  years,  for  the  college 
bounds,  and  cliofe  their  own  bailies,  J3mii|lied  and  fined  dfelin- ! 
qucnts,    decided   controverliesL  until  December  10,    16 12,  that-' 
bilhop  Blackburn  elcdted'  and  chofe  {liovoitiand  bailies,,  both  f4r'-f 
the  town  and  1  college-bounds;,  that  theirjviriiclidion  be  noteon-  ^ 
founded,  but  be  fafe  to  them,  and  that  they  concur  with  othcrs;^'- 
which  provoft  and  bailies  accepted  the  faid  office^  and  gave  their'' 
oaths  dejldeli  adminijlratfone;  Mr.  DaTixl  Rnit-being  principal^  and-  * 
common  procurator  of  faid  college.     The  faid  day  it  was  Ifatutdd*  ■ 
and  ordained,  by  the  faid  provoit  and  baihos.  That  whatfoever 
perfon  or  perfons  lend  to  any  perfon.in  the  college  or 'grammat--  ' 
fchool  above  a  merk  piece,  upo^  a  wcc^d.or  otherwifc,   that  the  • 
:'i     7  •"    li  fame 


•'-ftlSTORY     OF     ABERDEEN'.  53 

fame  fhall  be  null,  and  of  no  ftrength  on  the  fcholar;  and  the 
fcholar  to  get  back  his  own  gear  again,  without  paying  any  fum 
therefore;  and  to  tyne  fuch  fums  as  he  or  flie  fliall  happen  to  give ; 
and  the  receiptor  of  fach  wedds  being  convi6led,  therefore  fhall 
pay  the  fum  of  5I.  to  the  town.  Upon  faid  day  it  is  ftatuted  and 
ordained  by  the  faid  provoft  and  baihes,  that  the  haill  wells  with- 
in faid  town  Ihall  be  built  an  ell  high  above  the  earth,  before  .  .  . 
.  .  .  day  of  December  inftant  month  hy  the  pofTeiTors,  or  elfe  be 
clofed  up  and  condemned;  ilk  perfon  failing  under  the  pain  of 
ftvemerk's  Scots  money. 

The -m^giftrates,  February  21,  1613,  ordained,  That  whofo^ 
ever  he  be  that  deforces  the  officers  within  faid  town  in  e^fecution 
of  tliHr  office,  anffputting  their  decreet  ih  execution ;  ilk  perfon, 
man  or  wife,  deforcing,  Ihall  be  pur  to  the  (locks  the  fpace  of  48 
hours,  and  pay  lol.  before  they  come  out  thereof. 

•  Arrno  1614,  April  5,  it  -v^^s  ftatuted  and  ordained,  by  the  rtia- 
giftrates  of  the  town  (the  kirk  being  lately  repaired),  that  what- 
foever  bairn  or  fcholar  be  found  within  the  kirk  or  kirk-yard, 
playing  or  calling  ftones  on  th^e  kirk,  or  breaking  windows,  that 
fhe  ownei"  of  the  bairn,  or  rriiiftef  of  the  fervant,  Ihall  pay  6s.  8d» 
Scots,  toties  4^oties-',  and  the 'vagabonds  to  be  btiund  to  the  crof^,' 
and  bridled 'thereat,  and  ftand  24  hours  botindl  ''  ''  '-'  ^''■*^^- 

"' ' A'nnd  r6l  7,  November  4,  Th^  magiftrates  6f  this  town  "ap-^ 
po'ntctV  fouHfeyeral  perfon^  t6  go  vi^etkly  through  the  town  knc^ 
taftethe  drirtk';  'and  When  the  fame  is  found'  infufficienty  fO-^e-- 
clarethe  fame  to  the  bailies,- that' it  may  ht  c'6nfifcate  tcrthe  poor 
folks.  ...  ' 

Anno'  1 634,  November  1 2,  ttte  faid' tlay,it^Vss- ftatuted  and  or- 
dairibd  by  the'm%iftl-ates;  with'  coWfeiit^^  the'ftihtibltarits^^df  faid  " 
townj' ThatfeveiT'''mdhHvit^in  fal/f ^ONv'fi'irfitiri-  trutid iif^'dwn  cafa- ' 
way  fitenent  his'mVn  dwellift*,  ''6'ctwi^t  tlie'  dat-e'  hereof  and  the' 

so-th 


54  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

2  0th  of  December  next,  under  the  pain  of  lol.;  and  this  con- 
iirmed  by  a  town-ferjpant  a6t. 

Anno  1660,  April  30.  The  principal  and  members  of  the 
King's  college,  and  Mr.  William  Lind,  late  bailie  in  Old  Aberdeen, 
elecSted  betwixt  them,  for  marching  the  common  road  or  gate  that 
^oes  to  the  Tyle-Burn,  viz.  Mr.  James  Howey  of  Mameulay,  Tho- 
mas Gordon  of  Gathock's  Mill,  and  Thomas  Angus,  bailies  in  Old 
Aberdeen,  with  powers  to  caufe  fet  marches  and  ftones  for  know- 
ing ilk  one  divifion;  wluch  the  faid  arbiters  did,  and  ordained 
the  fame  to  be  recorded  in  the  town  and  college  books,  there  to 
remain  adfuturam  rei memorian}\  which  marches  w^re  fet  before 
witnefles,  indwellers  in  faid  town, 

Anno  1 66 1,  October  14,  James  Gordon  of, Seaton,  William 
Johnflon  of  Middleton,  and  captain  Arthur  Forbes  -vvere  chofen 
bailies  for  the  enfuing  year;  and  at  that  time  \vere  chofen  to  be 
councillors  Mr.  George  Gordon,  profefTor  of  philofophy  in  King's 
college,  fon  to  the  deceaft  Sir  George  Gordon  of  Haddo.  There- 
after the  faid  George  Gordon  applied  himfelf  to  the  ftudy  of  law, 
and  was  made  prefident  of  the  council  of  Scotland,  and  afterwards 
advanced  by  king  Charles  11.  (in  regard  of  his  great  parts  and  qua- 
lifications) to  be  high-chancellor  jof  Scotland,  .and  after  that  was 
made  earl  of  Aberdeen.  To  the  faid  Mr.  George  Gordon  were 
chofen  councillors  in  Old  Aberdeen,  Mr.  Patrick  Sandilands,  fub- 
principal  in  faid  college,  Mr.  William  Johnfon,  profelTor  of  phi- 
lofophy, Thon:ias  Gordon  of  Kathock's-Mill,  Patrick  Gordon  of 
Boghole^^c.  all  councillors  in  faid  city  of  Old  Aberdeen  for  the 
year  to  come. 

Anno  1662,  April  22,  It  was  condefcended  upon  by  the  faid 

raagiftrates  and  council,  that  there  fliould  be  a  commiffioner  fent 

to  the  bilhop,  viz.  Mr.  Davih  MitcheU  at  Edinburgh,  for  bringing, 

hini  to  the  faid  pity  to  iJw^U ;  and  the  faid  commiflioner  fliould 

•■-  -  have 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


55 


have  lool.  Scots,  to  make  his  expences;  and  the  town  to  be  pre- 
fently  ftinted  therefore ;  and  at  the  fame  time  ele6t  James  Gordon, 
of  Seaton,  bailie,  to  be  commiffioner. 

Anno  1662,  June  3,.  the  bifliop's  letter  being  read  by  James 
Gordon  of  Seaton,  commiflioner,.  in  which  the  bifliop  defires 
tlie  bailies  and  council  to  provide  an  houfe,  &c.  the  bailies  and 
council  condefcended  upon  the  chancellor's  manfe,  being  free  for 
the  time;  and  the  council  ordain  the  prefent  bailie  with  fome  of 
the  council,  September  17,  1662,  to  borrow  an  hundred  merks 
Scots  from  Dr..  Andrew  Muir,  for  reparation  of  faid  houfe,  upon 
the  town's  accompt,  who  gave  their  bond  therefore;  and  th& 
council  declare  to  relieve  the  aforefaid  perfons  at  all  hands.- 

Anno  1663,  November  10,  The  faid  court  holden  by  the  re- 
verend Dr.  Alexander  Burnett,  bi{hop  of  Aberdeen,  w  ho  the  faid 
day  eLe6ted  James-  Gordon  of  Seaton,.  William  Johnfton  of  Middle- 
ton,  and  Mr.  John  Dalgarno  doflor  of  medicine,,  bailies  for  the 
year  to  come,  who  gave  their  oaths  dejideli  adminljlratiotie. 

The  faid  court  holden  06tober  11,  1665,  by  the  right  re- 
verend Dr.  Patrick  Scougal,  bifliop  of  Aberdeen,  who  eleded 
James  Gordon  of  Seaton,  Patrick  Gordon  of  Boghole,  and  George 
Gordon  of  Fathockfmill,  bailies  ia  Old  Aberdeen,  ior  the  year  to 
come.. 

Anno  1667^  Mr.  John  Scougal,  commiflary,  was  eleded  pro- 
voft  in  faid  city  by  his  father  and  the  bailies,.  &c. 

The  faid  court  holden  April  11,  1668,  by  Dr.  Andrew  Muir,. 
Mr.  Patrick  Sandilands,  and  William  Forbes,  bailies,  the  faid  day 
it  was  ftatuted  and  ordained.  That  noperfon,  nor  any  inhabitant 
within  this  town  go  to  Seaton,  or  any  part  about  the  town,  to  play 
at  the  bowls  at  any  time  hereafter;  whofoever  fliall  do  in  the  con- 
trary hereof  fhall  pay  5I.  Scots  toties  qitoties^  for.  every  contraven- 
tion tliat  Ihall  be  made  againfl  them.     And  a  perfon  was  fent  to  \ 

tlia 


5  6  •  H I  S  Tb  R  T     OF"  A  B  E  R  D  ^  E  N. 

the  princiiial  of  the  college  to  reftrain  the  ftudents  from  ufing 
faid  game,  in  refpc(St  of  diverfe  inconveniencies  that  fliall  happen 
out  thereby. 

King  Charles  II.  parliament  ift,  Sept.  3.  There  was  an  humble 
offer  to  his  majefty  of  20,000  foot  and  2000  horfe,  armed  and 
furniflied  with  twenty  days  provifion,  proportioned  upon  the 
fliires,  to  be  in  readinefs,  as  they  fliall  be  called  out  by  his  majefty, 
to  march  to  any  part  of  his  dominions  agairift  any  foreign  inva-» 
fion,  or  any  inteftine  infurrecStion  ;  or  any  other  fervice  wdierein 
his  majefty's  honour  or  authorities  may  be  concerned  :  That  every 
footman  fhould  have  6s.  Scots  in  the  day,  and  thehorfeman  i8s. 
Scots;  the  horfe  to  be  worth  lol.  ftcrling ;  which  was  ratified 
ill  faid  parliament  of  feflion. 

Anno  1668,  June  3,  by  the  commiffioners  of  th€  fliire  df 
Aberdeen,  the  militia  were  ordered  to  be  fent  forth  for  his  ma- 
jefty's fervice,  &c.  There  were  four  militia-itlen,  and  a  fourth 
part  of  a  horfe  put  forth  for  the  town  of  Old  Aberdeen.  The 
men  w^ere  well  mounted  with  cloaths  and  armour,  and  the  leader 
of  the  horfe  was  lady  Kigie,  who  had  a  lodging  in  the  chafiry,  and 
a  hannot  upon  Don. 

Anno  1680,  December  14,  The  faid  day  the  merchants  in  Old 
Aberdeen  deftred  from  the  provoft  and  bailies,  the  liberty  of  col- 
ledlors  within  the  town;  one  in  every  quarter,  and  a  calli -keeper ; 
in  reference  to  the  building  a  new  loft  in  St.  Machar's  church,  for 
the  magiftrates  and  their  own  accommodation  ;  which  defign  was 
granted  by  the  faid  provoft  and  bailies,  conform  to  a  right  granted 
to  the  merchants  by  the  right  reverend  Patrick  billiop  of  Aber- 
deen. 

Anno  1 68 1,  May  21,  the  treafurer  reprefented,  that  he  being 
obliged  to  pay  to  the  town  yearly  20I.  Scots  of  br^w-cuftom,  and 
the  greateft  part  of  the  hrewers  delayed,  and  many  of  them  refiifed 
to  pay,  though  formerly  in  ufe  to  pay ;   wherefore  the  bailie,  viz. 

Mr. 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


57 


Mr.  John  Buchan,  regent,  ordered,  That  every  boll  of  malt  fold 
within  the  town  by  countrymen,  fliall  pay  1 2S,  Scots  to  the  trea- 
furer;  and  this  to  be  in  place  of  the  breu'-cuftoms  of  malt,  which 
is  hereby  difcharged  to  them  in  all  time  coming. 

Anno  1682,  Oftober  14,  The  faid  court  was  hoiden  by  the 
reverend  Dr.  George  Haleburton,  biiliop  of  Aberdeen,  who  eleded 
tile  magiftrates  of  faid  town  till  next  ele(5lion. 

Anno  1683,  0(51:ober  16,  The  billiop  elected  James  Scougal 
Provoft,  James  Gordon  of  Seaton,  Mr.  John  Buchan,  Mr.  George 
Frafer,  regents  of  the  King's  college,  and  Mr.  Patrick.  Gordon,  hu- 
manift  there,  bailies. 

Item,  the  faid  bifhop  made  an  a6t  concerning  the  holding  of 
the  town's  courts  of  Old  Aberdeen,  and  ordains,  that  the  bailies 
fliould  fit  to  adminifter  juftice  monthly  per  vices ;  and  that  one 
bailie  fhould  fit  weekly  in  the  council- houfe,  ilk  Saturday  of  ilk 
week,  at  ten  hours  in  the  forenoon,  to  adminifter  juftice,  conform 
to  former  a6ts,  made  thereanent. 

Item,  the  faid  bifliop  made  an  acSl,  That  no  man  within  the 
town  fliall  go  before  any  other  judge  to  purfue  his  law-fuits,  under 
a  penalty,  &;c. 

Anno  1689,  March  ir,  The  provoft  and  bailies  who  were 
chofen  for  the  current  year,  made  an  a6l  difcharging  the  town's 
officers  from  charging  the  inhabitants  before  the  billiop's  bailies 
(who  held  courts  for  the  bifhop's  vaflals),  or  meddling  with  any 
affairs  before  that  court,  8tc. 

The  court  of  Old  Aberdeen,  hoiden  March  23,  1689,  by  Mr. 
James  Keith,  one  of  the  bailies  that  were  chofen  for  this  current 
y-ear;  it  was  appointed  by  the  faid  bailie,  with  confent  of  the 
council,  that  a  letter  be  fent  to  the  bifliopanent  the  divifion  of  the 
kirk,  and  to  recommend  the  heritors  to  the  prebendary,  &c. 

Anno  1689,  March  22,  An  a6t  was  made  by  the  provoft  and 

bailies  of  this  town  againft  wafliing  at  the  channel  within  the 

\-''f',)fr:  I  chaury, 


5$  H  I  S  T  6*R  Y  "6  F  '  A  B  E  R  D  E  £  IST. 

chanry,  or  at  Powie's  bridge,  above  the  bridge,  or  on  the  common 
llreer,  under  the  pain  of  4s.  to  be  paid  to  the  tre^aiiirer,  and  1 2s. 
to  the  officer,  who  is  appointed  to  take  the  \tafhing-tub  aiiii 
cloatha  while  they  be  paid ;   and  that  for  each  tranlgreffion,  toties. 

quotieS. 

Anno  1689,  M^y  8,  The  faid  d6'nrt  lioldert  by  the  faid  bailies, 
viz.  the  laid.  Mr.  George  Frafer  and  Mr.  Jdmes  Keith,  the  faid  day,. 
the  bailies  with  the  heritors  of  riggs  and  roods  of  land  in  Old  Aber- 
deen, having  met  in  the  council-houfe,  ordered  a  colle6bor  t* 
collect  the  money  for  the  ont-riggtn(g  the  fouirth  part  cxf  tlie  mi'* 
litia-houfe,  being  4s.  upon  the  lool.  rent;  which  extend  iipoa 
the  roods  of  Old  Aberdeen  to  1 3I.  6s.  Sd.  ScotSy  which  the  ma- 
giftrates  appointed  tlie  heritors  to  pay  to  the  collectors^  under  tlife 
pain  of  quartering,  &c. 

Anno  1689,  The  faid  bailies  made  kn  a£l  anent  e^iercifing  the 
inhabitants  of  Old  Aberdeen  in  the  difeiplihe  of  war^  that  they 
fliould  meet  every  day,  except  on  the  Sabbath-day,  on  the  bowling- 
green  in  the  college,  at  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon;,  and  John 
Keith,  WTiter  in  Edinburgh,  is  defirfid  by  the  faid  bailies  to  ex- 
crcife  them. 

Anno  1689,  Mr.  Patrick  Gordon,  hiimanift,  in  the  King's  Col- 
lege, and  Mr.  James  Keith,  being  bailies  in  Old  Aberdeen,  for  fear 
of  an  invafion  from  the  highlandmen,  appointed  nightly  a  guard 
of  24  men,  each  night,  by  and  attour  the  fcaptains;  and  to  be- 
gin at  nine  o'clock  at  night,  and  to  continue  till  five  in  the  tnorn;- 
ing. 

Anno  1689^  November  6,  The  faid  court  holden  by  Mr.  James 
Keith,  bailie;  Forafnleikle  as  "there  havfe  been  feveral  complaints 
anent  the  deep  draW-Well  in  the  deceaft  John  Frafer's  dole,  it  be- 
ing level  at  the  ground;  and  that  children  in  the  day-time  and 
old  perfohs  in  the  night  have  fallen  into  it,  by  reafon  there  w^as  no 
mantling  about  the  top  of  it;   and  though  the  magiftrates  for- 

'  merly 


nisroRYi^pF    Aberdeen.  59 

merly  had  defired  or  ordered  Marjory  Irvine,  relidt  of  the  deceaft 
John  Frafer,  to  build  the  faid  well  with  mantling  of  timber  above 
the  ground,  and  that  fhe  had  done  nothing  thereanent ;  therefore, 
for  preventing  any  danger  for  the  future,  the  faid  bailie  and 
council  order  James  Duguid,  wright,  to  make  the  mantling  of  faid 
well  of  his  own  timber,  or  order  the  faid  Marjory  hvine  for  one 
ye.ar's  rer^t  within  the  clofs,  to  pay  for  building  of  the  fame  to 
the  wright,  certifying  them  that  they  fliall  have  retention  in  their 
own  hands,  in  the  firft  end  of  their  refpedtable  maills;  and  that 
tlie  faid  difburfements  fliall  be  allowed  them. 

Anno  1690,  February  15,  The  faid  court  holden  by  the  faid 
"bailie  Mr.  James  Keith,  James  Duguid  gave  in  a  petition  to  tlie 
bailie  and  council.  Whereas  l'\e  had  built  a  raveling  about  tliq 
aforefaid  well,  and  the  expence  thereof  extends  to  5I.  los.  8d. 
Scots ;  tjierefore,  the  bailie  orders  the  faid  tenants  to  pay  the 
Wright  the  aforefaid  accompt,  or  any  of  them ;  and  orders  the  faid 
Marjory  Irvijne  to  gr^nt  them  a  difcharge  thereanent,  &c.  This 
lodging,  with  the  yard,  malt-barn,  kiln,  clofe,  and  well,  with  the 
brew-hpufe  next  the  barn  on  the  North  fide,  now  made  a  dwell- 
ing-houfe, . and  tttts  year,  1726,  poffeiTed  by  Alexander  Cruik-. 
Ihank,  wheelwright,  his  .wife  and  family;  as  alfo  the  houfe  in  the 
endqfthQ  clofe,  all  the  aforefaid  tenement^  8cc.  belongs  to  Mr. 
William  Chryftie,  mafter  of  the  muiick-fchool  in  Old  Aberdeen; 
and  the  faid  well  hath  a  fufficicnt  ftone  wall  round  about  the  top 
thereof,  for  a  defence  (thrpugh  the  providence  of  Qod)  to  prevent 
danger  to  any  perfon,  Sec,  .. 

Anqo  1690,  April  23,  There  was  produced  an  a(5l  qf  privy-' 
council,  for 'elding  the  magiitrates  of  Old  Aberdeen.  The  ma-- 
giib'at'GS  ;aml  council  having  jietitip^ned  the  lofd^  of  privy-council 
thereaueiU;  the  lord- ad vqc^e^ faid,-  Biy.,aholi(hing  prelacy,  the 
po:\\'er.of  nomination  of  magii^-ate.s  belongs  to  the  king;  but  in 
refpcc^t.Qf  neceflityj  they  i^i^ht  pamp.jfoi:,  fijagiftn^tes  of  that  burgh 

I   2  of 


6o  iri-STORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

of  barony.  Tlien  they  appointed  Mr.  James  Keith  of  Aquhorfke^ 
and  William  Baxter,  advocate  in  Aberdeen,  indwellers  in  Old 
Aberdeen,  to  be  magiftrates  for  this  year. 

Anno  1 690,  November  1 1,.  In  prefence  of  thefaid  Mr.  Geoi^e 
Frafer  and  William  Baxter,  bailies,  the  faid  day  there  was-  a  com- 
plaint given  in  by  fome  of  the  heritors;  That  in  payment  of  cefs 
and  other  impofitions  there  hath  not  been  a  true  rental  of  the 
riggs,  8ic.  in  Old  Aberdeen;  neither  in  the  town  nor  chanry; 
which  being  exa6lly  caflen,  the  fum  of  the  haill  is  2 1 8  bolls,  re- 
corded in  the  town's  books,  and  figned  by  the  aforefaid  bailie?, 
8ic. 

Anno  169T,  July  16,  The  magiftrates  and  council  of  this 
town  having  petitioned  the  lords  of  the  privy-council  to  nomi- 
nate magiftrates  to  rule  the  city  of  Old  Aberdeen  for  this  prefent 
year;  wherefore  they  nominated  Mr.  Alexander  Frafer,  regent  of 
the  King's  college,  and  James  Knight,  merchant  in  Old  Aberdeen^ 
and  two  other  magiftrates  of  faid  Burgh,  to  be  magiftrate-s  for  the 
fpace  of  a  year. 

Anna  1 691,  0<SI:ober  24,  Mr.  John  Johnfon  was  admitted  clerk 
to  the  town  and  trades  of  Old  Aberdeen,  ad  vitam  vel  culpam, 
and  freed  (by  the  provoft  and  bailies  then,  viz-.  Mr.  John  Scougal* 
provoft,  Mr.  Robiert  Forbes,  regent  in  the  King's  college,  and  Pa- 
trick Hay,  advocate  in  Aberdeen,  indweller  in  Old  Aberdeen, 
bailies)  from  paying  excife  for  his  brewing  within  the  town  of  Old- 
Aberdeen,  during  his  office  of  clerkfliip;  and  this  a6t  is  figned' 
by  the  aforefaid  provoft  and  bailies. 

At  the  court  of  Aberdeen  holden  September  7,  1691,  Mr. 
Alexander  Frafer  and  James  Knight  being  bailies,  with  the  other 
magiftrates,  viz.  the  laid  day,  the  bailies,  with  the  confentof  the 
treafurer  and  council ;  and  alfo  of  Mr.  John  Johnfon,  prefent 
clerk  of  laid  town,  nominate  and  authorize  William  Owen,  notar- 
publick,  writer  in  Old  Aberdeen,  to  be  eonjund:  clerk  with  the* 

faid 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  6i 

faid  Mr.  John  Johnfton,  all  the  days  of  his  life-time;  and  after 
his  dcceafe  to  be  fole  clerk  of  faid  town;   and  for  them  and  their 
fticceflbrs,  magiftrates,  treafurer  and  council  admit  him  thereto, 
during  all  the  days  of  his  life-time ;   rcferving  to  the  faid  Mr.  John, 
Johnfton,  all  the  days  of  his  life-time,  the  haill  falary  and  cafuali- 
ties  that  pertains  to  his  office;   and  after  his  death  accerts  to  the 
laid  William  Orem,  during  his  life-time;  with  full  power  to  the 
faid  William  Orem  to  the  faid  office,  jointly  with  the  faid  Mr.. 
Johnjohnfon;  or  allow,  in  cafe  of  his  abfence  or  licknefs;  and 
for  the  faid  William's  encouragement,  they  grant  by  them  and 
their  fucceffors  in  office,  to  him  yearly,  during  all  the  time  of  the 
laid  Mr.  John  Johnfon's  life-time,  the  compolition  of  any  one^ 
burgefs  in  the  town  of  Old.  Aberdeen  ilk  year,  together  with  the 
fumof  lol.  Scots  money,  to  be  paid  at  Martinmas  and  Whitfun- 
day  by  equal  portions,  and  ordain  the  treafurer  to  make  punctual 
payment  thereof.     This  admiffijon  was  ligned   by    the  aforefaid 
bailies. 

Anno  169T,  December  3.  Mr.  Alexander  Frafer  and  James- 
Knight  being  bailies;  the  faid  day  it  was  ordained,  thatno  perfon 
within  the  town  fhall  fell  ale  or  any  other  liquor  to  ftudents  after 
eight  o'clock  at  night,  under  the  failie  of  four  pounds  Scots,  toties 
quoties\  otherwife,  acquaint  one  of  the  bailies  thereanent,  if  the 
Undents  remove  not  at  that  time. 

Anno  1692,  There  is  an  zBi  of  privy-councilfor  continuation 
of  the  faid  bailies  of  Old  Aberdeen  for  the  enfuing  year. 

After  the  death  of  Mr.  William  Orem,  George  Adams,  notar-' 
publick,  and  advocate  in  Aberdeen,  was  admitted  conjundt-clerk 
with  Mr.  John  Johnfton,   in  the  fame  terms  with  the  faid  Mr. 
William  Orem;   which  admiffion   was  figned  by  Mr.  Alexander 
Frafer  and  James  Knight,  bailies.  See. 

The  faid  court,  holden  March  13,  1695,   by  Mr.    Alexander 
Frafer  and  James  Knight,  bailies  in  Old  Aberdeen;  the  fame  day 

it 


6i'  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

it  was  ftafjted  and  ordained  by  them,  with  confent  of  the  council, 
that  no  perfon  within  the  town  of  Old  Aberdeen  prefume  to  fliear 
or  take  bent  from  the  Links  or  Bentiehillocks,  under  the  pain  of 
ten  pounds,  fofhs  quoties. 


Of  the  Bishop's  Hospital. 

The  faid  bifliop  Gavin  Dupbar  granted  a  charter  at  Edinburgh, 
February  23,   1538,  founding  an  hofpital  for  twelve  poor  men, 
an  hundred  feet  in  lepgth  and  thirty-two  in  breadth,  having  a 
timber  fteeple  with  a  bell ;  twelve  little  chambers,  with  as  many 
little  chimneys  for  a  little  iire  in  each  of  them ;  a  common  kitchen : 
and  in  the  eaft  end  aii  oratory.     Dominus  John  Erfkine  had  got 
from  the  king  2 ool.  yearly  out  of  the  fifliings  and  lands  of  Aber- 
deen, which  the  faid  bifliop  bought  from  him,  and  mortified  it  to 
the  faid  1 2  poor  men.     Each  fliould  get  twelve  merks  of  faid 
fum  at  four  times  in  the  year,  and  a  merk  to  buy  a  white  coat. 
Their  diredtor  was  to  get  five  merks  of  faid  fum ;   and  the  reft  for 
bringing  fire  to  them.     They  who  were  to  be  admitted  to  this' 
hofpital  fhould  be  unmarried  men  of  fixty-years;   and  no  women 
to  be  feen  in  their  chambers.     One  of  the.m  was  appointed  to  be 
janitor,  to  open  the  outer  gate,  ring  the  bell  in  the  morning,    and 
at  feven  o'clock;   and  then  at  eight  they  go  into  the  oratory  to 
their  elcvotions ;  at  eleven  to  the  mafs  in  the  cathedral-church ;  the 
bell  of  the  hofpital  being  rung,    they  go  to  dinner;   at  three  to 
their  devotions  again  in  the  oratory ;   and  thereafter  to  their  ex- 
ercifesin  the  garden;    at  five  to  their  devotions  again  in  the  ora- 
tory;  and  alfo  at  eight;   and  thereafter  to  their  fupper  in  their 
jnivate  cells ;  and  were  obliged  in  their  devotions  to  pray  for  the 
king  ajad  ;biiliap's  foul,  aiid  all  their  friends, 

K 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  •  63 

If  any  were  contentions,  and  not  agree  with  his  neighbours,  he 
was  to  be  punifhed  in  his  perfon.,  or  extruded  by,tlie  diy^itars, 
with  advice  of  the  dean  stnd  chapter.  .        i  _     .'  .      ' 

None  were  to  be  received  but  fuch  as  were  of  a  good  conver- 
fation,  and  lived  in  the  bifliop's  lands;  or  thofe  who  had  wrought 
about  the  kirk,  the  bifliop's  palace,  prebends'  lodging  in  the 
chanry,  about  the  bridge  of  Dee;  or  had  done  fervice  in  the 
King's  wars ;  which  failing,  the  blind  and  the  lame,  &c. 

King  James  V.  confirms  this  charter  before  many  witnefles,  at 
Edinburgh,  February  44,1531.  The  faid  hofpital  was  dedicated 
to  God  ahd  thebleffed  Virgin  Mary.  The  faid  bifliop  Dunbar 
gave  the  ground  for  the  ftance  thereof,  with  the  ground  for  its 
garden,  wbieh  lies  on  the  North  fide  of  the  chanry ;  having  the 
parfon  of  Tillieneftle's  manfe  on  the  Eaft,  and  the  recflor  of  Monu- 
mufk's  manfe  on  the  Weft,  and  the  water  of  Don  on  the  North. 

Gavin  Dunbar  became  bifliop  of  Aberdeen  about  15 18,  and 
died  March  6,  1531,  about  St.  Andrews,  before  the  faid  hof- 
pital was  built;  for  above  the  gate  is  an  infcription,  Per  Executor es\ 
and  on  the  South  fide  of  faid  oratsory  another  infcription-,  viz. 

"  Duodecim  pauperibus  do-  ^'  Gavifi    Dtinbar,    reverend 

mum  hanc  Reverendus   Pater,  Father  in  God,  who  was  fome^ 

Gavinus  Dunbar,   hujus  almce  time  bifliop  of  this  holy  fee^  or- 

fedis  quondam  pontifex,   aedi-  de red  this  houfe  to  be  built  for 

ficari  juffit,  anno  a  Ghrilto  natd,  twelve  poo-r  men,  ^anno  X532- 

1532.     ©si;  lolo^ :'                    .  .  Gloij  to  God."         ""''  '^  - '  '  ^'' 

Within  faid  pratff3yj^t^^^$,is  a,i^QtJh,e,r,,Yiz. 


)    ^    \'1  \->    irj  r; 


"  Ifthuc  oraturUs  Deum,  nrie-  '  ^' Whoev^    thou    be    thnt 

nior,  precor,  fis  animae  falutis  comeU  tD  pray.,  to  Qod  'ux  this 

Gavini     Dunbar,     almse    fedis  place,  Lbefeech  thee  remember 

Aber-  7                                       in 


64  HISTORY     OF     A  B  E  U  D  E  E  N. 

Aberdonenfis    quondam  pontU  in  tliy  prayers  the  fafety  of  Ihe 

fids,  hujus  cellulce  pauperum  foulof  Gavin  Dunbar,  fometime 

fundatoris,  qui  apud  Sandt.  An-  bifhop  of  the  holy  fee  of  Aber- 

clrcamnaturcedebitumperfolvit-,  deen,  and  founder  of  this  little 

fcxtoldusMartij,  triceffimo  fefq;  cell  for  the  poor,   who  died  at 

millefimo.       At  homines   qui-  St.  Andrews,  March  6,    1530. 

bus  aliraentum  dedit  orare  te-  But  thofe  whom  he  alimented 

nentur.  are  bound  to  pray  for  him. 

"  Gloria  epifcopi  eft  paupe-  "  It  is  the  glory  of  a  bifliop 

rum  opibus  providere.       Igno-  to  provide  for  the  poor,  but  a 

minia  facerdotis  eft  proprijs  ftu-  reproach  to  a  prieft  to  ftudy  only 

dere  divitijs.      Patientia  paupe-  how  to  make  himfelf  rich.  The- 

rum  non  peribit  in  finem."  Lord  will  not  fuffer  the  poor  to 

perifti*." 

Upon  the  South  fide  of  faid  hofpital  are  to  be  feen  the  armorial- 
coats  of  King  James  V.  of  Scotland,  and  the  faid  biftiop  Gavin 
Dunbar.  In  faid  oratory  there  is  a  defk  for  a  chaplain,  and  feats 
alfo  for  faid  poor  men  ;  and  a  little  baptizary  in  the  South  wall 
thereof.  The  bifliop  of  Aberdeen  is  patron  of  this  hofpital.  There 
is  not  fo  much  rent  now  belonging  to  it  as  would  maintain  faid 
number  of  men  ;  for  feveral  perfons  have  broken  with  their  mor- 
tified money.  There  are  only  eiglit  in  it  this  year,  1725;  and 
each  of  them  gets  50s.  Scots  money  monthly,  which  is  los.  more 
tlian  they  ufed  to  get  formerly.  They  got  yearly  an  hundred 
loads  of  peets,  and  a  fide  of  beef  at  Youle;  by  and  at  attour  they 
got  gratuities  from  feveral  well-difpofed  perfons.  The  members 
of  the  commiffary-court  of  Aberdeen  have  been  ftill  very  chari- 
table to  them ;   for  the  commiffary  gives  them  yearly  two  dollars 

*  The  laft  fentenec  is  from  Pfalmix.i8.  •••  The  patient  abiding  of  the  poer  ihall  notperifli 
*'  for  ever."  , ; 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


65 


•or  5I.  1 6s. ;  and  the  clerk,  and  every  procurator  half  a  dollar  year- 
ly, at  two  terms ;  the  one-half  at  the  down-litting  of  the  Winter 
Icffion,  and  the  other  at  the  down-fitting  of  the  Summer  feflion; 
and  every  Thiirfday  during  the  two  feffions,  they  get  6s.  Scots 
-out  of  the  fentence-meney  of  the  court. 

They  are  commonly  called  Bead-men,  becaufe  of  old  they  ufcd 
to  fay  their  Pater-nofter,  and  their  prayers,  by  numbering  their 
beads. 

At  thebeginningof  the  reformation  of  religion,  William  Gordon, 
thelaft  Roman  catholic  bilhop  of  Aberdeen,  makes  the  following 
inventary  of  the  filver  plate,  and  others  belonging  to  faid  church, 
as  the  fame  was  delivered  in  cuftody  and  keeping,  upon  rettitution 
and  for  the  ufe  of  the  church,  by  the  aforefaid  William  Gordon^, 
July  17,  1559,  fubfcribed  by  him  and  the  receivers;  with  an 
;obligation  of  reflitution  within  ten  days  of  pa^emonition.  The  wit- 
neffes  follow,  viz.  John  Lefllie  of  Balquhain,  William  Lefflie  his 
fon,  William  Seton  of  Meldrum;  Duncan  Forbes  of  Monumufk, 
Alexander  Gordon  of  Abergeldie,  Alexander  Lefllie  of  Pitcaple, 
John  Gordon  of  Craig,  Sir  Patrick  Ogftone,  Alexander  Paip  and 
Nicol  Hay,  notars  publick. 


The  Inventary. 


Imprimis.  Delivered  to  Mr.  Robert  Erfkine,  dean 
of  Aberdeen,  candlefticks,  chalices,  papes,  and 
crofles,  weighing  1 1 37  ounces, 

Item,  To  Mr.  John  Stewart,  archdeacon  of  Aber- 
deen, ninety-two  ounces. 


K 


lb. 

oz.     dr. 

'    7 

I       8 

■    5 

12       0 

12 

13       8 

Item, 

66 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEErr. 


Brought  over, 
Item,  To  Mr.  Alexander  Seton,  chancellor,  ba-  i 

fons,  confers,,  and  chalices,  J 

Item,  To  Mr.  James  Strahan,  parfon  of  Belhel- 

vie,  91  ounces, 
Item,  To  Mr.  Henry  Lindfay,  parfon  of  Kin- 


lb. 

12 


} 


kell, 


i,  90  ounces, 
"o  Mr.  Ale)« 
Mortlach^  83  ovmces, 


Item,  To  Mr.  Alexander  Anderfon,   jxarfon  of 


Item,  To  Mr.  William  Hay,  parfon  of  TurrefF, 

9 1  ounces, 
Item,   To   Mr.  William.  Campbell,    parfon   of 

Tillieneftle,  i^j  ounces, 
Item,  To  Mr.  Patrick  Myrefton,  treafurer^  89^ 

ounces,  with  a  great  gold  chain,,  and  great 

ring. 
Item,  To  Mr.  John  Leflie,  parfon  of  Oyne,  the 

image  of  the  blefTed  Virgin  Mary,   of  filver 

114  ounces, 
Item,  ToMr.  James  Gordon,  of  Lonmay,  parfon,  • 

16  ounces. 
Item,  To  the  aforefaid  treafurer,   five  chalices  '^ 

for  daily  ufe,  and  two  crow^is,  overlaid  with 

pure  gold,  with  rich  precious  ftones  in  them 


Item,  To  the  Earl  of  Huntly,  chancellor  of  Scot- 
land, into  his  cuftody,  upon  his  bond  of 
rellitiitlon  to  the  faid  church,  upon  ten  days 
warning,  and  premonition  by  the  bilhop  of 
Aberdeen,  dean,  and  chapter,  and  their  fuc- 

7 


53 


oz. 
13 


1 1 


10 


II 


12 


fTVr 

8 
8 


8       8 


8 


S 


cciTors, 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


67 


Brought  over, 
ccflbrs,  dated  November  17,  1559  ;  his 
cautioners  therein  being  William  Lefllie  of 
Kirkhill,  and  George  Barclay  of  Cairntillie, 
the  fpecies  following,  under  the  pain  of  God's 
curfe  ;  and  the  faid  bond  is  ordained  to  be 
regiftrated  in  the  commiffary-court-books  of 
Aberdeen^ 

Imprimis.  A  chalice  of  pure  gold,  with  the 
pattine  thereof,  three  pointed  diamonds  in  the 
foot  of  it,  and  two  great  rubies  of  billiop  Ga- 
vin Dunbar's  gift,  59  ounces,  (3  lb.  11  oz.) 

Item,  A  great  ancharift,  double  over-gilt,  arti- 
ficially wrought, 

Item,  Two  filver  candlefticks, 

Item,  An  holy  water  font,  and  a  flick  all  of  filver, 

Item,  A  filver  crofs,  part  over-gilt, 

item,  A  book,  with  the  written  Evangel',  of  which  1 
the  outer  fide  is  filver,  double  over-gilt,  J 

Thofe  above  written  of  pure  gold,  are  marked 
with  bifliop  Gavin  Dunbar's  arms. 

Item,  The  bifliop's  great  mitre  over-gilt  with 
gold,  and  all  overfet  with  oriental  pearls  and 
precious  ftones, 

Item,  Two  filver  flaves  pertaining  to  the  bi- 
fhop's  pontificals,  one  weighing, 

And  the  other,  with  the  king's  arms, 


■■) 


lb. 
53 


14 

6 
6 
6 


J 

} 


oz. 
12 


14 
12 

8 


5  15 

6  7 
a     13 


dr. 
8 


4 
o 
o 


The  fum  of  the  filver  work, 


108 


J2 


K   a 


O 


tB  HISTORY     OF     A  B  E  R  D  E  F  Kr» 

Of  Vestments. 

Imprimis.  Six  caj^es  of  cloth  of  gold.  Three  of  red  cloth  o£ 
gold,  champed  with  velvet. 

One  of  gold,  champed  with  white  velvet.. 

One  of  gold,  champed  with  hiue  velvet. 

A  for  belled  cape  and  carbuncle.  Five  of  red  velvet.  Four  of- 
blue  velvet.  Five  of  white  damalk.  Tw^o  of  green  champed- 
velveh^  One  old' cap  of  gold ;  and  three  mort-capes,  of  double, 
worfett. 

-     '  For.  tlie  AlTak. 

A  front  of  gold,,  and  green  velvet.  2.  Another  of  blue  filk^. 
with  images  of  gold.  3.  Two  of  carbuncle.  4.  Two  of  arras,, 
5.  One  of  fuftian.  6.  One  of  linem  7.  Two-napkins.  8.  One. 
rich  hand  towel.  ^.  Four  cufhions  of  cloth  of  gold,  lined  with, 
green  velvet,  i  o.  Two  of  cloth  and  iilk.  1 1 .  Six  of  champed 
red  velvet,      i  a.   Four  of  old  cloth  of  gold. 

The  Pontificals*^ 

A  cheifeibull;  four  tunicles ;  three  fto^es;  five  favons  of  clothe 
of  gold;  five  albs;    five  ami6^s,  with  parutsof  cloth  of  gold. 

Achefiibul;  two  tunicles ;   two-ftoles;  three  fa vons,,of  cloth  of; 
gold  and  red  velvet;   three  albs  and  amidts,  with  paruts  of  the 
fame  fluff.     A  chefeibull;    two  tunicles;    one  ftole;    one  fa  von. 
of  white  velvet  and  gold;   three  albs;  three  amidts  of  wLite  vel- 
vet, and  cloth  of  gold;   three  paruts. 

A  chefeibull;  two  tunicles;  two  Holes;  three  favons;  three 
nibs;  three  amidts;  three  paruts;  all  of  red  velvet.  As  many  of 
green  velvet,  8cc.  and  all  conform. 

Aftand 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  69 

A  (land  of  white  filk,  with  all  conform,  and  fet  with  pearls. 
A  Hand  of  carbuncle ;  with  cKefeibuIe ;  Holes;  tunicles;  ami(5ts; 
favons;   albs;   and  all  conform. 

A  Hand  of  brown  filk,  and  cloth  of  gold;  and  all  conform. 
A  ftand  of  pirned  filk;  and  all  conform.  A  ftand  of  white  da- 
mafk ;  and  all  conform.  A  chefeibull,  &g.  with  all  ognform,  of 
white  fuftian.  A  mort-ftand,  of  black  damafk;  and  all  conform, 
with  the  like  pertinents.  A  fland  of  red  fcarlet;  and  another  o£ 
brown  camblct ;   all  conform, 

A  great  belt  of  green  filk,  knapped  with  gold;  and  another  of 
jQlk  and  gold.  Five  rich  belts,  with  blue  and  white  bridges, 
knapped;   and  other  five  of  gold  and  filk,  knapped. 

A  corporal-caice,  with  a  cover  of  cloth  of  gold ;  two  corporals ; 
one  great  ftole;  with  two  tunicles  of  white  damafk;  two  flioes  of 
cloth  of  gold;   with  red  damafk  hofen  for  my  lord's  pontificals. 

Three  beakens  of  brocade  fattin.  Another  richly  wrought. 
A  great  rich  veil,  with  the  towels.  A  veil  for  our  lady.  Ano- 
ther for  the  rode  loft. 

Two  great  curtains,  red  and  green,  for  the  high  altar.  The 
covering  of  the  iacramental  houfe;  with  an  antipend  for  our  la- 
dy's altar,  of  blue  and  yellow  brocade  fattin.  An  antipend  for  the 
facramental  houfe ;  with  dornick  towels  to  the  fame.  A  beaken 
for  the  fepulchre,.  of  damafk;  and  another  of  double  worfett; 
with  a  great  verdure,  that  lies  before  the  ajtar.  Three  bankers 
for  the  pvoceffion ;  and  two  burials,  with  their  crifls;  with  a  cape 
for  the  crofs;,  f  ur  tunicl.es  and  albs,,  for  the  bairns.  The  haill- 
hangers  of  arras- work,  of  pieces  for  the  quire;  three  mort-capes, 
&c. 

The  glorious  flrudure  of  fald  cathedral-church,  being  near 
Bine-fcore  years  in  building,  did  not  remain  twenty  entire;  when 
it  was  almoft  ruined  ])y  a  crew  of  facrilegious  church-robbers.   For, 

anno 


70  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

anno  1560,  the  barons  of  the  Mernis,  accompanied  with  fome  of 
the  town's-men  of  New  Aberdeen,  having  demolilJied  the  mo- 
naftery  of  the  Black-Friers  in  the-  School-hill  of  Aberdeen,  and 
that  of  the  Grey-Friers  in  the  Green,  &:c.  came  to  Old  Aberdeen, 
and  began  to  rob  faid  church,  which  they  fpoiled  of  its  colfly  or- 
naments and  jewels;  except  thofe  which  Huntly  and  the  canons 
had  got  into  their  cnftody.  They  demolillied  the  reft  of  the 
chancel,  which  was  built  clofe  to  the  Eaft  end  of  faid  cathedral. 
It  had  a  large  pretty  quire,  well  furnilhed  with  feats  and  Italls,  for 
accommodating  the  clergy  at  mafs. 

In  the  end  of  faid  chancel  ft  )od  the  high- altar,  \vell  adorned 
wdth  windows,  and  finely  glazed,  as  fome  write* 

Of  Ffjars. 

The  faid  friers  were  differenced  from  monks,   in  that  mon}?;^ 
were  confined  to  their  cloifters ;   whilft  more  liberty  was  allowed 
to  go  about,    and   preach    in  neighbouring  parifiies.      As  alfo, 
monks  had  nothing  in  propriety,  but  all  in  common.      Friershad 
nothing  in  propriety,  nor  in  common;    but,  being  mendicants, 
begged  all  their  fubfiftence  from  the  charity  of  others.      But  they 
mel  with  very  bountiful  benefa(51:ors  ;   and  in  Scotland,  when  their 
nefts  were  pulled  down,  were  too  rich  to  profefs  poverty.      The 
Dominicans,  or  Black  Friers,  called  alfo  Praedicatores,   Preaching 
Friers,  were  inftituted  by  St.  Dominick,  a  Spaniard,   anno  1206, 
confirmed  by  pope  Honorius  III.   121 6.     The  Francifcans,  or 
Grey  Friers,  called  alfo  Minorites,  were  inftituted  by  St.  Francis, 
an  Italian,  ahovit  anno  11 98,  and  confirmed  by  pope  Innocent  III. 
His  rule  prefcribed  chaftity,    obedience,    poverty,   much  fafting, 
and  other  aufterities,  to  all  that  Ihould  be  admitted  of  that  order. 
The  Francifcans  are  Minores,  tarn  objervantes  qudm  conventuales. 

The 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  ya 

The  Carmelite  Friers  had  their  beginning  at  and  name  from 
Mount  Carmel  in  Syria,  being  inllituted  by  Aimericus,  patriarch  of 
Antioch,  anno  i  i  i  a.  They  are  aUb  called  White  Friers.  The 
Trinity  Friers,  or  Matliurines,  follow.  Thefe  were  alfo  called 
Robertines,  W  de  redemptione  captvorum\  whofe  work  \vas  ta 
beg  money  of  well-dilpofed  people  for  ranfoming  of  Chriftian 
captives  from  the  fla-very  of  the  Turks.  I  can  give  no  account 
concerning  the  feveral  orders  of  Nuns  in  Scotland.  The  Grey- 
Sifters  had  their  houfes  at  Dundee,  Aberdeen,  and  Skeens  near, 
Edinburgh,     Thus  much  concerning  Friars ;.  now. 


Of  Monks  in  general. 

In  the  infancy  of  Chriftianity,  when  perfecution  was  grown  fb 
hot  that  moft  cities  and  populous  places  were  vifited  therewith,, 
iTiany  godly  men  fled  into  deferts,  tnere  to  live  with  more  fafety,. 
and  ferve  God  with  lefs  diiturbance.      Thofe  were  called  monks, 
from  ^Gv(^,/oIus\   as  living  alone  by  themfelves.      Their  houfes 
were  either  caves,   grotts,    or  little  cells;   what  would  hide   and 
heat,  cover  and  keep  warm,  ferved  them  for  cloaths.      Herbs  and 
roots  were  their  diet,  and  water  their  drinks     In  thefe  folitary 
places  the  '  fpent  their  lives,  conftantly  in  prayers,  reading,  medi- 
tating, and  fuch  pious  employments.      They  vowed  no  poverty, 
cbaftity,  or  obedience;   thus  continued  they  during  the  heat  of. 
perfecution;    and  when  peace  w^as  reftored,  they  returned  to  their 
former  dwellings,  refuming  their  callings,  which  they   had    not 
left  olT,  but  for  a  time  laid  afide.      Afterwards  there  fprung  up 
another  fort  of  monks,  leading  a  folitary  life,  when  no  perfecution  . 
forced  them  thereunto.  Thefe  confidering  the  inconfillancy  of  hu- 
man  affairs,  that  though  they  had  profpehty  for  the  prefent,  it  might 

fbon. 


7i  n  IS  TORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

foon  be  changed  into  a  contrary  condition,  if  either  the  reftlefs  en- 
deavours of  Satan  took  effeft,  or  finful  Chriftians  were  rewarded 
according  to  their  deferts ;  and  prompted  alfo  thereunto  by  their 
own  melanchoHck  difpolitions,  chofe  a  lone  Ufe,  and  li\ed  in  de- 
ferts  ;  afterwards  they  were  gathered  together  to  Hve  under  one 
roof,  becaufe  their  company  would  be  chearful  in  health,  and 
needful  in  iicknefs  one  to  another.  They  fuftained  themfelves  by 
their  labour  (for  every  one  had  a  calling  whereby  to  gain  his  live- 
lihood), and  relieved  others  by  their  charity;  and  very  ftri6t  were 
they  in  their  lives  and  converfations.  But  afterwards,  monks 
having  fufficiency  turned  lazy  ;  then  getting  waxed  wanton  ;  and 
at  laft,  endowed  with  fuperfluity,  became  notorioufly  vicious; 
and  fo  they  continued  till  they  were  finally  extirpated.  So  far 
concerning  their  original.   Now  proceed  we  to  their  feveral  orders. 

Firrt,  are  the  Benedicflines,  or  Black  Monks;  fo  called  from  St, 
Benedict:,  or  Bennet,  an  Italian  (who  flouriflied  about  anno  500), 
firft  father  and  founder  of  that  order.  The  Benedidines  and  Au- 
guftinians  came  into  Scotland  about  one  time. 

The  Cluniacks  are  Benedi6lines,  fifted  through  a  finer  fearce, 
with  fome  additions  invented  and  impofed  upon  them  by  Odo,  ab- 
bot of  Clugni  or  Cluni,  in  Burgundy,  w^ho  flourifhed  anno  913, 

The  Ciltercians  are  fo  called  from  Robert  abbot  of  Cifteaux 
in  Burgundy,  who,  anno  1088,  refined  the  droffie  Benedicfines. 

The  monks  of  the  order  of  the  Valley  of  Reeds,  Vallis  Caulium^ 
.  are  a  branch  of  the  reformed  Cillercians.  whofe  inftitutions,  both, 
in  habit,  diet,  divine  offices,  &c.  they  pundually  obferve;  but 
with  great  ftridnefs  confine  themfelves  to  much  narrower  bills- 
They  poflefs  very  mean  revenues,  being  wholly  intent  upon  their 
devotions,  and  may  not  go  without  the  bounds  of  the  monaftery  ; 
it  being  only  lawful  for  the  prior  and  one  of  the  order  to  go 
abroad  upon  neceflary  occafions,  and  to  vifit  the  monafteries  under 

their 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  73 

their  charge.  They  are  daily  employed  in  drelling  the  gar- 
dens of  fruits  and  herbs,  which  are  within  the  bounds  of  the 
monaftery,  and  improved  for  the  ufc  of  it.  The  Auguftinians 
are  okU^  in  Europe  than  the  Benedidlincs.  Thefe  oblerve  the 
inltitutions  of  St.  Auguftine  bifhopof  Hippo,  who  was  St.  Bene- 
didVs  fenior  by  60  years.  The  Auguftinians  are  aho  called  re- 
gular canons. 

The  order  of  the  Praemonftratenfes  was  founded  by  Norbert, 
born  at  Gologn,  and  afterwards  archbilhop  of  Meraberg.  He  is 
faid  to  have  done  it  at  the  command  of  the  bleffcd  Virgin,  who  ap- 
peared to  him ;  whereupon  with  fome  companions  he  retired  into 
a  defolate  place,  Praemonftratum  (thence  comes  the  title  of  the 
order),  where  they  fettled  their  fociety,  anno  1120.  They  are 
under  the  rule  of  St.  Auguftine,  which,  they  tell  us,  Norbert  in  a 
vifion  immediately  received  at  the  hand  of  St.  Auguftine  himfelf. 
The  habit  of  their  order  is  a  white  garment,  and  over  that  a  white 
cloak  or  mantle,  with  a  cowl  upon  their  head  of  the  fame  colour. 

The  Tironenfes  (as  I  conceive)  are  not  a  diftin6l  order  of  monks, 
but  rather  young  novices,  or  frelh-water  monks  •■. 

In  a  catalogue  of  the  religious  houfes  in  Scotland,  there  are 
fome  ftyled  or  termed  Ordinis  'Tironenfts,  \^'hich  if  it  were  ever  writ-r 
ten  'TuronenJiS^  would  relate  to  Tours  in  France ;  and  the  rather, 
becaufe  there  is  in  France  a  Conventus  Turonenfis  of  Auguftinian 
monks ;  but  wherein,  or  whether  they  differed  from  others,  I 
know  not.  But  leaving  that  to  the  reader's  further  enquiry,  we 
proceed  next  to  the  monks  of  the  order  of  St.  Anthony,  whofe 
original  was  from  St.  Anthony,  an  Egyptian ;  who  about  the  time 
of  the  later  perfecutions  not  long  after  Decius,  retired  into  the 
dcferts,  where  he  lived  about  an  hundred  years,  and  became  the 

*  The  order <if  Tiroii  uas  infiiuited  by  St.  Bernard,  and  took  their  name  from  their  firft  mo- 
nafterv,  vvhicli  was  founded  at  Tiron  about  1109.  They  were  rcfomed  BencdiiSlines,  wh.  fe  habit, 
was  at  firil:  a  liL;ht  gr.-y,  uliich  was  afterwards  changed  into  bhick.  Tannci's  Notiti;i  ■Nlon.iflica, 
Iniiod.  p.  xvi. 

L  father 


74  HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 

father  of  an  eremitick  life,  wherein  he  educated  all  thofe  difciples 
that  rcfortcd  to   him.      After  whofe  example,  other  orders  were 
fetup.      Ahout  the  time  of  the  wars   in  Palertine,  his  body  was 
tranflated  from  Conftantinople  to  Mota  (now  called  St.  Anthony), 
a  province  of  Viennois  in  France,  where  it  was  hononrably  laid  wp 
in  a  church  built  to  his  memory,  and  became  famous  for  miracu- 
lous cures.      Among  which,  Gafto,  a  nobleman  of  the   province, 
and  his  fon  Girond,  being  healed  of  a  mortal  plague,  dedicated  them- 
felves  and  all  they  had  to  St.   Anthony,  wholly  devoting  them- 
lelves  to  the  curing  and  attending  of  the  fick  that  came  thither ; 
to  whom,  fliortly  after,  eight  more  joined  themfelves,   who  com- 
bined into  a  fociety.      This  was  about  anno  j  i  2 1 .      Their  order 
was  confirmed  by  feveral  popes;   efpecialiy   Boniface  VIII.  anno 
1 21 7;    who   prefcribed  unto  them   rules,    and  conferred  upon 
them  their  privileges.     They  obferve  the  rule  of  St.  Auguftine's 
order;   and,  as  the  peculiar  and  diftinguifliing  badge  of  their  order, 
wear  about  their  necks  the  the  letter  T  in  gold  or  filver,  hanging 
upon  their  breafts,  and  carry  a  little  bell  about  them.    The  monks 
of  this  order  had  only  one  convent  in  Scotland,  at  Leith ;   but  who 
was  the  founder  thereof,  I  cannot  learn.     The  Carthulians  were 
inftituted  by  St.  Bruno,  a  native  of  Cologn ;   who  being  a  Parifian 
do6lor  of  divinity,  and  a  canon  of  Rheims,  abandoned  the  world, 
and  with  fix  affociates  began  his  auftere  eremitical  life  on  the  Car- 
thufian  mountains,    in    the    diocefe  of  Grenoble,    with  the  li- 
cence of  Hugh,   then  billiop   thereof.      This   Bruno    flourilhcd 
under  pope  Urban  II.    and  died  anno    iioi.      King   James   L. 
brought  the  Carthufians  into  Scotland,  and  built  them  a  convent- 
in    Perth   (known   afterwards   by   the  name  of  Charterr-houfe)' 
about  anno  1430.     But  to  return. 

Thefe  robbers  having  fliipped  the  lead,  bells,  and  other  uten- 
fils  of  faid  church  and  chancel,  intending  to  expofe  them  to  ilAe^ 
in.  Holland,   by  one  William  Birnie;    all   faid   ill-gotten,  wealth. 

fuiik,. 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


75 


fiiii'c,  by  the  jufl  jiulgment  of  God  upon  facrilege,  not  far  from  the 
Cir  ile-nefs,  with  the  laid  Wihiam  Birnie,  anno  1560. 

The  body  of  the  flud  church  ^vas  preferved  from  utter  ruin  by 
tlie  carl  of  Huntley  ;  anno  1607,  the  faid  cathedral  was  repaired, 
and  covered  with  Hates,  at  the  charge  of  the  paridiioncrs ;  and  con- 
tinued in  good  repair  for  the  Ipace  of  8  i  years. 

After  this  the  aforefaid  great  lleeple  fell  to  the  ground,  May  9, 
.  1688,  in  billiop  Ilaliburton's  time,  who  was  put  from  his   poll: 
in  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution,  anno  1689,   ^^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^  l^is 
own  houfe  in  Angus,  anno  17  i  5.      The  occafion  of  its  fall  was, 
III,  The  Engliflimen  taking  away  the  walls  of  the  chancel,  which 
guarded  it  upon  the  Eaft,  to  build  the  fortifications  of  the  caftle- 
hill  at  Aberdeen,  anno  1 65  2,  or  thereby,      cndly,  The  king's  ma- 
fon  having  lighted  it  a  year  before   its   fall,  adviled,    that  there 
■  might  be  buttrages  built  to  fupport  it  on  the  Eaft  fide,    and  to 
keep  it  five  fpaces  from  the  foundation.      But  the   mafons,  con- 
trary to  this   advice,  began  at  the  foot  of  its  foundation,  which 
occafioned  it  immediately  to  fall.      Then  it  broke  the  college  and 
merchant's  lofts,  and  many  delks  and  grave-ftones  in  the  church 
and  the  two  illes,  wdiich  had  been  laid  upon  perlbns  of  diftinition, 
-and  covered  with  plates  of  brafs,  that  were  taken  away  when  the 
church  was  robbed.     It  alfo  railed  coffins,  made  of  congealed  fand 
as  hard  as  ftonc,  w  herein  people  of  note  had  been  laid. 

At  this  time,  there  was  a  beadle  of  this  church  called  William 
Gall,  who  in  the  night  time  had  lifted  the  alhes  of  the  dead,  to  get 
rings  and  other  pieces  of  gold,  w  horn  Dr.  Keith,  then  minifter, 
feverely  reproved  for  fo  doing,  on  a  Sunday,  before  the  congre- 
gation;  and  it  was  obfervcd,  that  the  faid  beadle  never  profpered 
one  dav  after  fo  unchrillian  an  acf. 

The  two  bells  that  hung  in  this  fteeple  were  got  down,  and 
preiers'cd  by  Mr.  George  Frafer,  fubprincipal;  Kenneth  Frafer, 
mafon;   and  fome  others;   and,  w"hen  they  had   brought  them  to 

L  2  the 


76  EHSTQRY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

the  Wefl'  dbor  of  the  church,  immediately  the  fteeple  fell ;  and  it 
was  a  great  providence  that  thefe  men  were  preferved,  and  fo 
narrowly  efcaped.  The  pulpit,  built  by  the  faid  bifbop  Stewart, 
as  witnefs  his  name  on  it,  was  alfo  preferved,  being  removed 
fome  time  before  the  fall  of  faid  fteeple.  The  common  loft  and 
Weft  end  of  faid  church  remained  fafe,  as  formerly. 

Thereafter,  Dr.  John  Keith,  then  minifter  of  faid  church,  called 
a  meeting  of  the  mafters  of  the  college,  the  heritors,  and  feffion, 
to  confider  how  the  Eaft  end  of  faid  church  fliould  be  built  and 
repaired.  At  laft  it  was  agreed,  that  feeing  the  deceaft  billiop 
Scougalhad  mortified  2000  merks  for  the  behoof  of  St.  Machar's 
church,  it  was  refolved  upon,  that  the  money  fliould  be  raifed  for 
that  effeil:.  Then,  the  minifter  and  feftion  gave  the  money  ta 
Mr.  George  Frafer,  fubprincipal,  to  perform  the  work.  He  em- 
ployed fix  mafons  at  20s.  Scots  per  diem.  He  was  overfeer  him- 
felf,  and  the  work  was  completed  in  fix  weeks;  having  ftones  in- 
abundance,  and  nothing  wanting  but  lime.  They  built  the  walls 
within  the  pillars  on  which  the  great  fteeple  ftood,  as  may  be 
feen.  He  that  was  then  mafter  of  kirk -work  related,  that  the 
faid  fubprincipal  gained  a  thoufand  merks  Scots  by  that  bargain;: 
only  he  gifted  a  large  Englifti  bible  in  folio  to  the  church  of  St. 
Machar,  as  the  fuperplus  of  bifliop  Scougal's  mortification. 

In  faid  new  wall  are  two  doors  to  go  into  St.  John's  and  bifliop 
Dunbar's  ifles;   as  alfo  two  windows,  one  above  each  door.. 


Of  the  Cross  of  Old  Aberdeen.. 

The  inhabitants  of  this  ancient  city  had  liberty  to  ercdt  a  crofs^ 

conform  to  the  fundamental  charter.      There  was  engraven  and 

cut  out  of  ftone  at  the  top  of  this  crofs  on  the  South  and  North 

fides  thereof,  the  pidure  oftheblefTcd  Virgin  Mary,  which  was 

3  defaced 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  77 

defaced  at  the  beginning  of  the  Reformation  ;  and  below-  are  the 
armorial-coats  of  the  kings  of  Scotland;  bifhop  Dunbar,  bilhop 
Stuart,  and  bilhop  Gordon,  yet  to  be  feen.  The  crucifix  on  faid 
crofs  was  cut  down  in  the  time  of  the  lalt  troubles,  anno  1640; 
as  faith  Mr.  Spalding  in  his  Book  of  Annals,  who  lived  in  town  at 
that  time. 


Of  the  SoNG-ScHooL,  Counctl,  and  Weigh-IIouses, 
in  Old  Aberdeen. 

It  is  fit  to  narrate,  that  of  old  there  was  a  dyke,  which  went 
betwixt  the  Itreet  that  goes  into  Cluny's  Port  in  the  chaiiiry,  and 
that  as  people  pals  to  the  bridge  of  Don;  and  in  the  middle  of 
faid  dyke  there  was  a  great  draw-well,  which  was  common 
to  faid  town;  and  the  deceaft  Mr.  John  Robertfon's  clofe  was 
formerly  Sir  Alexander  Gordon  of  Cluny's  peat-yard,  and  Borrow 
Strand  was  his  peatman,  who  built  a  little  houfe  for  himfelf  on 
the  Weft  fide  of  the  yard;  and  the  faid  Cluny  got  him  infeofted 
in  faid  houfe  and  peat-yard.  In  procefs  of  time,  houfes  have 
been  built  round  about  tliis  yard,  except  to  the  South,  where  the 
faid  well  ft  and  s . 

About  January  to,  1642,  John  Forbes  and  Thomas  Mercer, 
bailies  in  Old  Aberdeen,  by  the  tolerance  of  Dr.  Guild,  principal 
of  the  King's  college,  who  had  got  a  gift  of  the  bidiop's  lodging 
from  the  States,  &c.  caufed  mafons  to  throw  down  the  bifliop's 
dove-cote,  to  build  a  Song-fchool  where  it  now  ftands;  and  Weigh- 
Houfe  built  on  the  South  fide  of  faid  draw-well.  The  faid  fchool, 
council,  and  weigh-houfes  are  all  under  one  roof.  This  houfe  is 
lofted,  two  rooms  whereof  are  appointed  for  the  mufick-fchool, 
one  laigh  and  another  high;  the  former  properly  for  accommo- 
dating children,  who  were  only  taught  to  read,  write,  and   learn 

arithmetick; 


7  8  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

anlnictick;  aiui  the  latter  for  thole  who  were  taught  vocal  and 
inlb-uniental  mufick;  and  upon  the  lame  iiatt  is  a  room  towards 
the  Eall,  pretty  large,  called  the  Council-houle,  where  there  is  a 
bench  for  the  magillratcs,  and  a  tai)le  below  it  of  equal  length 
therewith,  with  fixed  forms  round  about  the  fame;  and  a  bar, 
that  people  might  not  rudely  encroach  into  that  particular  part  of 
the  room  where  the  bench  is  fixed"^,  whereon  the  magitlirates  lit 
and  determine  in  matters  that  fliall  come  before  them,  according 
lojullicc.  Above  faid  bench  are  the  King's  arms  ;  and  below  the 
touncil-houle  arc  the  weiffh  and  meal-houfes.      Thefe  rooms  are 

O 

well  known.  Of  old,  there  was  another  apartment  for  the  mu- 
Jick-fcliool;  ami  the  magirtrates  kept  their  courts  formerly  in  the 
fellion-houfe  of  St.  Machar,  which  was  ahb  their  council-houfe. 
There  is  alio  a  door  betwixt  the  muiick-fchool  and  the  council- 
houfe,  for  the  conveniency  of  the  mailer  and  his  fcholars,  when 
he  choofes  to  go  into  that  room  where  the  council  fits. 


The  New  Tolbooth  in  Old  Aberdeen 

was  built  anno  1702,  on  the  South  fide  of  fuid  fchool,  by  a 
voluntary  contribution  of  the  inhabitants,  and  other  well-inclined 
peoj)le  ;    the  expences  whereof  were  upwards  of  3000  merks. 

The  bailies  tlien  being,  Alexander  Frafcr  of  Powis  regent  in  the 
King's  college,  WiiUnm  Baxter,  the  deceafcd  James  Knight,  and 
Mr.  Jolin  Robertfon,  fubfcribed  each  of  them  for  30I.  Sects,  as 
their  voluntary  contribution,  to  be  a  good  example  to  others,  ^h^ 
William  Chyllie,  prefent  mailer  of  faid  fchool,  paid  for  the  fame 
etfe6l  twelve  pounds  Scots  to  Mr.  Andrew  Abei\leen,  then  treafurer 
of  Old  Aberdeen,  and  collecflor  of  faid  contributions,  for  thebuikV 
ing  of  faid  Tolbooth.      Notwithllanding  the   laitl  bailie  Robeit,- 

fon's 


HISTORY     OF      ABEPxDEEN,  79 

Ion's  figning  for  the  fame,  a^.  faid  is,  yet  he  protefted  agaiiift  the 
building  thereof ;   alledging.  that  the  faid  niufick-fchool,  council, 
and  weigh-houfes,   and  the  new  tolbooth,  which  the  magiftratcs 
were  building,  ilood  all  on  his  ground ;    as  having  a  right  by  his 
wife,   Helen  Strand,  a   near  relation  of  the  faid  Barrow   Strand; 
whereupon  followed   a  great  debate.       At  lali,   this   action   w^as 
brought  before  the  Lords  of  Scffion;   but  the  magillrates  of  the 
town  at  that  time  fo  managed  it,  that  the  faid  Mr.  John  Robertfon 
and  his  wife  loft  the  action,  and  were  ordained,  by  decreet  of  faid 
lords,  to  pay  of  expences  to  the  toM  n  of  Old  Aberdeen  fourthou- 
fand  nierks  of  Scots  morrey,  w  hich  is  not  yet  paid.      Then,  the 
debate  being  ended,  the  faid  building  was  perfe(fted,  ha\ing  three 
rooms;   the  lowed:  for  thieves,  the  next  for  other  prifoncrs,  and 
the  third  for  the  bell  and  clock. 

The  bell  was  placed  there  anno  17  13;  which  coft  by  volun- 
tary contribution  of  the  inhabitants  of  Old  Aberdeen,  and  others 
that  had  a  kindnefs  for  faid  town  i  ol.  fterling,  having  this  infcrip- 
i\on,Adfacra  concilia  vocamus.  Albci  tus  G  elite  fecit  ^  anno  1713.  it 
is  rung  at  fixin  the  morning  and  nine  atnight;  befides  on  fabbath-t, 
week-d.iys,  and  other  occalions,  fuch  as  rejoicing,  Sec.  And  he 
that  rings  it,  and  waits  on  the  clock,  gets  yearly  from  the  treafurcr 
Jix  pounds  Scots. 

The  clock,  glol)e  for  the  moon's  age,   dial-boar<l,    and   town's 
arms  were  all  put  up,  partly  by  a  voluntary  contribution  from  the 
inhabitants  of  faid  tow^n;   whereof  Mr.  William  Chryltie  afore- 
faid  paid  James  Hatt,  then  tovvii  treafurer,  and  colledoi  appointed 
to  gather  up  the  laid  contribution,  tt  n  fliillings  Iterling,  and  got 
his  receipt  thereof;   and  what  the  voluntary  contribution  could 
not  defray  as   to  the   neceffary   charges  for  faid  clock,   &c.    the 
treafurer  paid  out  of  the  town's   money.     Tlie  authcntick  fum 
was  ...  ... 

The 


8o  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

The  magiftrates  of  Old  Aberdeen  and  treafurer  there  have 
built  at  the  town's  charge,  upon  the  South  fide  of  the  council  and 
weigh-houfes,  a  conveniency  for  a  fleih-mercate,  and  covered  it 
with  tyles,  anno  1723^ 


An  account  of  Weights  and, Measures. 

Anno  1686,  In  prefence  of  the  provoft  and  bailies,  there  were 
found  in  the  weigh-houfe  the  fpccies  following,  viz.  Four  half- 
ilone  weights,  and  four  haill  ditto;  item,  three-quarter  weights ; 
two-pound,  and  pound  ditto;  with  a  timber-balk,  and  broads; 
item,  feven  pecks;  with  their  ftroaks.  At  fame  time,  the  pro- 
voft and  bailies  ordained  the  tackfman  of  the  weights  and  ciiftoms 
to  buy  the  number  of  an  hundred  iron  weights,  viz.  fifty-pound, 
and  two  twenty-five  pound  weights,  W' ith  one  fteel-balk. 

Anno  I  691,  They  ordained  the  treafurer  to  caufe  make  three 
new  pecks  of  the  former  meafure,  and  burn  with  the  town's  iron; 
making  in  all  (with  the  former  feven)  ten  pecks.  This  is  the  in- 
ventary  at  prefent  of  the  weights  and  mealures  of  the  weigh,  or 
meal-houfe,  and  for  wdiich  every  tackfm.an  of  the  cuftoms  is  ac- 
countable. But  there  is  no  great  matter  for  pecks;  becaufe  all 
meal  is  to  be  weighed,  conform  to  act  of  parliament  made  there- 
ancnt  anno  1697. 


Of  the  Two  PuBLicK  Mercates. 

The  town  of  Old  Aberdeenhas  a  liberty  for  two  publick  mer- 
cates, conform  to  laid  fundamental  charter;   the  former  whereof 

is 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  8; 

is  called  in  the  public  almanacks  Skeir  Thiirfday  before  Pafch, 
But  'tis  wrong  fo  named.  It  fliould  be  called  Shrove-Thurfday ; 
for  flirift,  or  fhriving  is  auricular  confeffion,  which  was  ufed  in  the 
time  of  popery,  before  Ealler.  Shrift,  a  Saxon  word,  from  Scri- 
nium,  a  fecret  cafk,  the  inward  bread,  quafi  revelare  peccata  ex 
intimo  Jcrinio.  The  latter  is  called  Luke's  Fair,  whicli  Hands 
about  the  middle  of  Ovffober;  fo  named  from  St.  Luke's  day. 
It  Hood  eight  days,  which  is  on  the  i  8  th  of  Odlober. 

Thefe  two  mercates  in  the  popifli  times  ftood  within  the 
chanry,  and  were  great  ones.  But  at  the  beginning  of  the  Re- 
formation of  religion  they  decayed,  by  reafon  of  the  troubles  of 
the  times.  .,      .  _ 

Auricular  confclTion,  as  aforefaid,  is  thus  defined;  viz.  Every 
one  in  the  Romifh  church  is  ftriilly  bound,  once,  or  oftener  in 
the  year,  to  come  to  a  prieft,  and  confefs  his  fins  to  him,  and  re- 
ceive his  orders  for  penances  and  iatisfadtions,  to  be  performed  for 
the  fins  he  has  committed,  or  the  guilts  he  has  contradied ;  and 
withal  his  abfolution  and  advices  for  the  ruling  of  his  confcience, 
and  a  folution  of  his  doubts  and  fcruples,  Sec.  Now,  it  is  i:>er- 
mitted  to  every  man,  for  the  moft  part,  to  choofe  his  own  con- 
feflbr.  The  Jefuits,  thefore,  thofe  prierts  who  call  themfelves  the 
Society  of  Jefus,  being  a  ftirring  party;  and  being  both  ambitious 
and  anxious  to  have  a  great  dependance;  and  as  many  as  they  can 
get  under  their  government  and  conduit,  and  at  their  beck  and 
difcretion,  fet  up  for  being  prime  cafuifts,  fingularly  clever  in  de- 
termining abQut  matters  of  confcience.  And  knowing  very  well, 
that  men  are  generally  inclined  to  fin  as  fecurely  and  at  as  cheap 
a  rate  as  they  can;  and,  by  confequence,  to  like  thofe  cafuifis  and 
confefTors  befi,  who  are  ready  to  allow  them  the  grcarell  latitudes ; 
'tis  one  rule  in  the  politicks  of  this  fociety  to  mince  fins,  and  make 
as  few  of  them  mortal,  and  as  many  of  them  venial  as  they  can  ;  and 
to  give  thofe  who  come  to  them  the  fmootheit  and  the  eafielt  re- 

M  folutions; 


tl  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

folutions;  and  in  nothing  do  they  make  greater  flrctches,  or  allow 

greater  liberties,  than  in  the  matters  of  equivocation,  and  mental 

refervation.     And  as  to  the  trick  of  equivocation,  they  fay.  It  is 

no  fin  for  a  man  to  ufe  fuch  forms  of  fpeech   as  he  very  well 

knows  will  deceive,  or  impofe  upon  thofe  he  deals  with ;   provided 

the  words  he  ufes,  by  any  figure  or  unufual  ftretch,    may  be 

forced  into  a  true  meaning.      You  will  underhand  this  trick  beft 

by  inftances.     Suppofe,  therefore,  that  a  magiftrate  enquires  if 

Socrates  is  at  home,  and  he  fpeaks  Latin ;  putting  the  queftion, 

j^n  Socrates  ejl  do772if  Is  Socrates  at  home?  Socrates'  wife,  or  his 

child,  or  his  fervant,  may  very  fafely  anfwer,  Socrates  non  ejl  domi\ 

that  is,   Socrates  is  not  at  home.      Why  f  the  word  ejl  forfooth 

fometimes,   though  lefs  ufually,  fignifies  he  eats;  fo   that  the 

meaning  of  the  anfwer  is,  "  Socrates  eats  not  at  home."     Perhaps 

'tis  his  falling-day;   or  he  has  eaten  fufficiently  already,  and  is  not 

juft  now  eating.      Pericles,  a  Grecian  general,  promifed  fafety  to 

the  enemy,  provided  they  would  lay  afide  their  iron  (fiferrum  de- 

ponerent)\  that  was  their  arms,  as  all  the  world  understood  it. 

They  honeftly  laid  afide  their  arms:  but  he  fell  on,  to  cut  them 

off  every  man,  and  yet  he  kept  his  faith  well  enough :  Why  ?  be- 

caufe  forfooth  they  had  iron  buttons  in  their  doublets. 

Aftervvards,  about  anno  1664,  James  Gordon  of  Seton,  then 
bailie  of  faid  city,  with  the  afliftance  of  the  other  magiftrates,  re- 
viewed and  renewed  the  faid  fairs;  and  ordained  the  foot-mercate 
to  ftand  at  the  crofs,  and  the  nolt  and  horfe-m creates  on  the  ground 
adjacent  to  faid  city  on  the  Weft  fide,  where  they  yet  continue. 

Several  a(Sts  were  made  againft  foreftallers  of  the  mercates  of 
faid  city,  which  were  ratified  anno  1689,  by  Mr.  George  Frafer 
and  James  Keith,  bailies;  with  this  addition,  That  ilk  perfon  fo 
foreftalling  fl:iall  pay  40s.  for  the  firft  fault;  for  the  fecond  3I.; 
for  the  third  4I.  Scots ;  and  ordained  the  town's  officers  to  wait  on 
them  ilk  Thurfday's  afternoon,  and  ilk  Friday's  morning,  to  ap- 
prehend 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  S3 

prehend  them,  and  take  from  them  all  the  commodities  fo  fore- 
Italled,  aud  to  keep  the  one-half  to  themfelves,  and  the  other  to  be 
difpofed  of  as  the  magiftrates  think  fit;  and  the  treafnrer  is  or- 
dained to  take  notice,  that  the  officers  do  their  duty;  which  if 
they  negle6t  to  do,  or  connive  with  any  perfon,  they  fliall  pay  the 
fine  the  guilty  perfon  is  liable  for. 

The  magiftrates  of  faid  city,  fome  days  before  the  faid  mercates, 
order  the  drummer  to  go  through  the  town  with  the  drum,  and 
advertife  the  haill  inhabitants  to  clean  the  ftreets  and  wynds;  and 
that  no  perfon  within  the  town  receive  unaccuftomed  goods  within 
their  houfes,   nor  any  loofe  people,  under  a  penalty. 

Item,  one  of  the  bailies,  with  the  four  quarter-mafters  with 
him,  are  appointed  to  fit  in  the  council-houfe,  to  adminifter 
juftice,  when  any  debate  or  controverfy  happens  among  the  peo- 
ple concerning  buying  or  felling  in  the  faid  mercates. 

Item,  the  faid  magiftrates  order  the  treafurer,  w^ith  two  or  three 
perfons  with  him,  to  go  through  the  town  of  Old  Aberdeen,  to 
fight  the  merchant's  weights,  meafures,  and  elvans,  before  faid 
mercates,  and  fee  if  they  be  fufficient;  and  if  not,  to  take  them 
from  them,  and  produce  them  before  the  magiftrates  the  next 
court-day. 

The  cuftoms  of  thefe  two  mercates,  with  the  petty  cuftoms,  to 
which  belongs  a  rigg  on  the  Eaft  fide  of  the  town,  are  all  yearly 
rouped;  and  this  year,  1723,  thecuftomer,  or  tackfman  pays  for 
them  to  the  treafurer  the  fiim  of  .   .   . 

The  inhabitants  of  faid  city  paid  to  the  bifliop  yearly  of  fue-diity 
1 65I.  15  s.  Scots,  which  is  now  paid  to  the  colledtor  of  the  bifliop's 
rent;  for  this  ancient  city  was  fued  out  by  the  bifliop  of  this  fee, 
as  is  faid.  But  the  exadeft  fum  now  paid  is  21 61.  faid  money; 
and  borrow-roods  about  it  amount  to  the  fame. 

Several  noblemen  have  been  made  burgefles  in  this  town.     Im- 
primis.  Kenneth  lord  Kintail,  anno  1674.      Item,  Lord  John  El- 

M   2  phingfton^ 


84  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


>„..•! 


pTiingfton,  1690.  Item,  George  lord  Rae,  1693.  Item,  Robert 
vifcovint  of  Arbuthnot,  1693.  Item,  Robert  mafter  of  Burleigh, 
ditto.  Likewife,  many  gentlemen  of  diltinclion;  befides  officers 
of  the  military. 

To  this  city  pertain  a  Common-mofs  and  Freedom-hill,  lying 
at  fome  diftance,  beyond  the  bridge  of  Don,  to  the  North.  The 
magiftrates  of  faid  city  have  made  feveral  a«5ts  concerning  the  re- 
gulation of  faid  Mofs. 

Since  the  town's  court-books  are  lofl,  as  faid  is,  there  cannot  be 
got  an  account  of  all  the  proprietors  of  Old  Aberdeen  ;  but  thofe 
extant  follow :  Imprimis,  Sir  Thomas  Gordon  of  Clunie,  anno 
1603.  Reni,  Alexander  Gordon  of  ditto,  1606.  Item,  Alex- 
ander Gordon  of  Berfemore,  1647.  Item,  Mr.  John  Scougal, 
commiffary  of  Aberdeen,  1671.  Item,  Mr.  James  Scougal,  ditto 
of  ditto,  1683.      Item,  Colonel  John  Buchan  of  Cairnbulg,  1719. 

John  Gordon,  provoft  of  Aberdeen,  finding  fault  with  Mr. 
George  Liddel,  profellbrof  mathematicks  in  the  Marifchal-college, 
jturned  him  out  of  his  poft,  and  caufed  affix  an  edi6t  upon  the 
moft  patent  door  of  the  faid  college-gate,  inviting  all  men  to  come 
and  difpute  for  the  faid  Mr.  Liddel's  poft,  affuring  them  of  detur 
digniori.  But  the  faid  Mr.  Liddel  applied  to  the  King's  advocate, 
who  affijred  him  of  his  poft  ;  fo  that  there  was  no  diet  appointed 
for  the  difpute.  One  Mr.  Thomas  Bower  came  from  London  to 
difpute  for  it ;  being  difappointed,  he  protefted  againft  the  ma- 
giftrates of  Aberdeen,  for  coft,  fkaith,  and  damnage,  &c.  There- 
after, he  applied  to  the  Scots  parliament  holden  at  Edinburgh, 
anno  1707  ;  and  got  40].  fixed  upon  the  town  of  Aberdeen,  and 
lol.  fterling  upon  the  town  of  Kirkaldie,  to  be  profcffor  of  mathe- 
maticks in  the  King's  college  of  Old  Aberdeen.  At  that  time  the 
magiftrates  of  Aberdeen  were  feeking  a  gift  of  the  pennies,  and 
laid,  They  would  be  content  to  pay  Dr.  Bower  the  faid  40I.  if  the 
I)'arliameat  would  give  them  the  Old  Town,  Seatown,  and  'Spital, 
i  whiclx 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  85 

which  was  granted  them.      And  fo  they   fixed  40I.  fterhng  on 
thefe  towns.      But  the  inhabitants  of  Old   Aberdeen  complained 
much  for  laying  fuch  a  taxation  on  them,  having  never  paid  pen- 
nies formerly.      And,  to  free  the  inhabitants  and  brewers  of  Old 
Aberdeen  from  being  troubled  with  New  Aberdeen's  collectors  of 
the  pennies,   the  magiftrates  of  Old  Aberdeen,  viz.   Mr.  Alex- 
ander Frafer,  regent  in  .the  King's  college;   Mr.  William  Gordon, 
Kintore,   William    Baxter,   and  Alexander  Troup,   engaged  and 
contracted  with  the  magiftrates  of  New  Aberdeen,  to  pay  them 
yearly. the  faid  40I.;   but  this  contradl  they  made  allennarly  of 
themfelves,  without  conlent  of  the  town  or  council  of  Old  Aber- 
deen.     But  afterwards,  the  Old  Town  brewers  fufpended  them, 
becaufe  Dr.  Bower  was  gone  to  London,  and  did  not  officiate  here 
in  the  faid  college  as  profeffor  of  mathematicks.     Yet,  notwith- 
Itanding  the  aforenamed  magiltrates  of  Old  Aberdeen,   who  hath, 
this  contra(5t  with  the  magiitrates  of  New  Aberdeen,  without  con- 
fent  aforefaid,  difmilledthe  fufpenfioq,  and  made  them  liable,  by 
a  decreet  of  the  Lords  of  Seflion,  to  pay  the  yearly  pennies   and 
expences.     At  laft,  anno  17  i  7,  Dr.  Bower  dimitted;  whereupon 
the  town  of  Old  Aberdeen's  colleClors  dilcharged  the  magiftrates 
of  Old  Aberdeen  of  the  faid  contraCl  and  pennies;   which  they 
paid  yearly  to  them  before  the  faid  Dr.  Bower's  difmiffion,  July, 

1719- 

In  the  time  of  Cromwell's  ufurpation  there  was  no  authority  for 

choofing  magiftrates  in  Old  Aberdeen ;  but  the  town  ele(Sled  any 
man  that  would  accept;  neither  was  there  any,  8cc.  from  171a 
to  17 19. 

Mr.  Chalmers,  principal  of  the  King's  college,  intending  to  go 
to  London  the  end  of  Auguft,  17  18,  Ibme  of  the  inhabitants  em- 
ployed him  to  get  a  charter  and  commiffion  from  king  George, 
for  choofii'gof  magiftrates  in  Old  Aberdeen.  The  charter  and 
commiflion  were  fent  down,  and   the  magiftrates  names  infert 

therein. 


86  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

therein,  viz.    David  Forbes  of  Lefslie;   Mr.  John  Kerr,  regent  in 
the   King's   college;   Alexander  Ivlolyfon   and  John    Robertfon, 
merchants  in  Old  Aberdeen;  whereupon  there  was  a  meeting  in 
the  council- houfe  of  faid  town,  May  27,  1719,  for  them  to  ac- 
cept of  faid  office  of  magiftracy ;   and  accordingly,  all  of  them, 
except  David  Forbes  of  Lefslie,  accepted;   and  upon   iftofjune 
thereafter  chofe  members  of  their  council. 

This  commiffion  coft  the  town  of  Old  Aberdeen  33I.  or  34I. 
fterling.     Anno  1719,  06lober  2,  there  was  an  eledion  for  the 
year  to  come,  and  the  faid  baihes  were  continued;   and  at  the  fame 
time  they  ele6ted  colonel  John  Buchan  of  Gairnbulg,  provoft  of 
Old  Aberdeen,  who  qualified  and  accepted  upon  29th  of  faid 
month. 

The  merchants  in  Old  Aberdeen,  with  the  money  in  their  box 
vt'hich  they  had  contributed  amongil  themfelves  (the  annual  rents 
thereof  to  be  employed   for  the  ufe  of  decayed  merchants  and 
their  relicts  within  faid  town)  bought  from  Andrew  Caffie,  writer 
in  Aberdeen,    twelve  boll's  fowing,  upon  the  Eafl  fide  of  Old 
Aberdeen,  betwixt  the  lands  of  Alexander  Molyfon  on  the  North, 
and  the  lands  of  ......  to  the  South ;  for  which  they  paid 

2000  merks  Scots,  anno  1720.     The  fame  year  there  happened 
a  great  debate  between  the  magiftrates  of  Old  Aberdeen  and  the 
trades  thereof.    The  faid  trades  had  formerly  got  burgher's  tickets 
to  be  merchants  and  tradefmen  in  faid  town;  but  the  magiftrates 
challenged  this,  and  faid  it  was  not  practicable ;   and  that  they  had 
brought  in  that  cuflom  in  the  time  of  Oliver's  ufurpation.      This 
debate  continvied  for  fome  time;   at  laft  it  was  agreed,  that  the 
faid  tradefmen,  that  had  got  their  burghers-tickets  after  that  form 
to  be  merchants  and  tradefmen  within  the  town  of  Old  Aberdeen, 
might  continue  {o  during  life;   but  their  fons  mull  enter  only  as 
radv.fmen,   and  pay  their  compoliticn,  10  merks;   but  if  they 

incline 


HISTORY      OF     ABERDEEN.  87 

incline  to  be  merchants,   they  niiift  pay  the  merchant's  compo* 
iition,  which  is  20I.  Scots  money. 

Anno  1720,  the  magirtrates  of  Old  Aberdeen  faed  the  reiftor 
of  Monumuik's  gleib  and  yard  from  the  director  of  the  hofpital 
in  faid  town;  and  pay  him  yearly  the  rent  thereof,  which  is  18I. 
Scots  ;  that  the  inhabitants  in  fiiid  town  may  have  pafTage  that 
way  to  the  river  Don,  for  wafhing,  &c. 

Anno  17^3,  June  28,  there  was  a  great  fire  raifed  accident- 
ally upon  the  Weft  fide  of  faid  town,  and  burnt  two  tenements 
of  houfes  belojiging  to  two  feveral  heritors,  viz.  the  heirs  of  the 
deceaft  James  Hervie,  fometime  merchant  in  Old  Aberdeen,  and 
the  deceaft  Andrew  VVilfon,  fometime  there. 

This  fire,  the  dronght  being  very  great,  would  have  confumed 
more  houfes  in  this  town,  had  not  a  water- work  been  brought 
from  Aberdeen,  which  very  much  contributed  for  quenching  it. 
The  South- Weft  tenement,  which  is  burnt,  pertains  to  William 
Wilfon,  now  in  Ireland,  fon  to  the  aforefaid  Andrew  Wilfon ;  and 
the  North -Weft  tenement  belongs  to  George  Black,  merchant  in 
Old  Meldrum,  who  married  Jane,  a  daughter  of  the  faid  James 
Hervie. 


Of  the  Wynds  on  the  Eaft  fide  of  Oid  Aberdeen. 

Imprimis.  Reid's  Wynd,  in  the  end  of  the  town,  as  people  pafs 
to  the  bridge  of  Don,  lying  upon  the  Eaft  fide  of  the  ftreet;  fo 
called  from  a  man  of  that  name,  who  lived  fometime  there.  From 
it  there  was  a  broad  green  way  to  the  links,  for  the  ufe  of  the 
clergy  who  lived  in  the  chariry  and  chaplain's  chambers. 

Anno  1658,  March  28,  it  was  ordained  by  the  bailies  in  Old 
Aberdeen,  that  neither  man,  woman,  horfe,  or  foot,  Ihould  pafs 

down 


88  HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 

clown  that  road  called  Reid's,  lying  in  the  Eaft  fide  of  this  town, 
in  prejudice  of  John  Gaffie,  heritor  thereof,  after  the  date  hereof; 
ilk  horfc,  man,  woman,  or  child,  under  the  pain  of  6s.  6d.  Scots; 
and  ilk  feonian  3s.  4d.  to  be  paid  by  them  to  the  town's  ufe.  The 
cafaway  of  this  Wynd  was  lately  repaired.  Near  it  is  the  High- 
fcreet,  leading  to  the  bridge  of  Don. 

In  the  popifli  times  there  was  a  channel   made  through  the 
land  aforefaid,  for  conveying  the  water  to  the  Tyle-Burg,  which 
came  to  this  place  from  the  town  to  the  town;   but  after  the  Re- 
formation this  channel  being  filled  up,  the  water  (lank,  and  made 
the  way  for  palTengers  uneafy  in  the  winter-time;   therefore,  an- 
no 1636,  the  magiftrates  of  Old  Aberdeen  ftatuted  and  ordained, 
that  the  faid  way  in  the  Old-Town  end  fliall  be  cafawayed  with 
ftones,  which  was  done  by  a  contribution  of  the  inhabitants.   Not- 
withflanding  of  this  new  cafaw^ay,    the  water  having  no  pafTage 
thro' the  land  as  formerly,  ftagned,  and  became  a  deep  ditch  on 
every  lide,  for  feveral  years ;   which  was  dangerous  for  man  and 
horfe  in  the  night,  and  for  children  in  the  day-time;   and  the  cor- 
ruption of  the  water  produced  a  very  bad  fcent  and  fmell  to  the 
people  who  lived  in  the  North  fide  of  the  town.      But  anno  1723, 
the  magirtrates,  treafurer,   and  council  of  Old  Aberdeen,   taking 
things  to  their  confideration,   and  to  remove  faid  water  employed 
workmen,  who  have  filled  up  the  ditches  with  land ;   and  brought 
away  cafaway  in  place  of  the   former ;    as    alfo,    they    have  got 
ftones  out  of  the  church-yard  of  St.  Machar,  and  caufed  build 
therewith  a  dyke  on  each  fide  of  this  cafaway,   and  made  a  ditch 
throogh  the  land,    for  conveying  the  water  to  the  Tyle-Eurn, 
which  is  built  on  every  fide  with  ftones  taken  from  faid  yard.   The 
magiftrates  and  treafurer  of  the  town  are  much  commended  for 
this  good  work;   which  is  partly  done  by  a  contribution  of  the  in- 
habitants of  the  faid  town. 

'  '  The'' 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  §9 

The  next  is  called  Beaverly's  Wynd,  from  a  man  of  that  name, 
who  was  heritor  of  that  tenement  now  poffelied  by  George  Aber- 
deen, and  was  taken  off  to  be  a  common  wynd  for  the  town's  ufe, 
lying  betwixt  the  tenement  of  George  Aberdeen  and  that  of  An- 
drew Dyce,  formerly  Robert  Low's  ;  and  the  faid  Beverley  got 
no  payment  for  the  liberty  of  faid  wynd  from  the  magiftrates 
and  town-council.. 

The  third  is  Wagril's  wynd,  {o  called  from  a  man  of  that 
name,  who  was  heritor  of  that  lodging  now  poffefled  by  Mrs. 
Clarke,  which  he  fold  to  the  townfhip  of  Old  Aberdeen,  and  got 
for  it  fourfcore  merks.  The  faid  wynd  lies  betwixt  Mrs.  Clarke's 
and  Bailie  Baxter's  tenements. 

Anno  1680,  November  16,  Mr.  James  Scoiigal  and  Mr.  John 
Buchan,  bailies,  John  Rofs,  janitor  in  the  King's  college,  prefented 
a  fupplication  to  the  faid  bailies,  declaring,.  That  the  town  fliould 
buy  the  South  dyke  of  Wagril's  wynd;  and  feeing  he  hath  built 
the  fame  hirafelfy  by  reafon  of  the  town's  delay,  defired,  that  ma- 
fons  might  fight  the  fame,  and  confider  what  expences  it  hath  coft 
him  in  building  faid  dyke,  which  was  done  accordingly ;  and  then 
the  treafurer  was  ordered  by  the  faid  bailies  to  pay  the  faid  John 
Rofs  twenty  rix-dollars  at  Martinmas  1 68 1,  for  building  the  afore- 
faid  dyke.     The  faid  wynd  was  cafawayed  anno  1666. 

The  fourth  was  called  Bartlet's  Wynd,  from  a  man  of  that  name 
who  lived  there.  It  lies  betwixt  James  Panton's  tenement  to  the 
North,  which  formerly  belonged  to  the  heirs  of  the  deceaft  Mr. 
William  Smith,  and^  a  lodging  pertaining  to  the  college  on  the 
South  fide,  being  properly  the  principal  of  the  college  of  his 
houfe  by  vertue  of  his  office.  This  wynd  was  cafawayed  anno 
r666. 


N  ^  Of 


9Q  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN, 

Of  the  Wynds  on  the  Weft  fide  of  the  town. 

When  Sir  Alexander  Gordon  of  Cluny  built  his  yard-dyke  in 
the  chanry,  he  allowed  the  inhabitants  of  Old  Aberdeen  as  muc)i. 
ground  as  would  be  a  wynd,  for  their  paffing  and  repafling, 
called  Cluny's  or  the  Lock-Wynd. 

Anno  1636,  this  wynd  was  cafawayed  as  far  as  George  Cum- 
ming's  yard,  by  a  contribution  from  the  inhabitants. 

The  fecond  is  Douglas's  Wynd,  fo  called  from  one  of  that  name 
who  lived  there,  and  had  a  tenement  befide  it.  It  lies  betwixt  Ro- 
bert Milne  book-binder  his  tenement  to  the  North,  and  the  de- 
ceaft  John  Oray's  tenement  to  the  South.. 

Anno  1668,  it  was  ftatuted  and  ordained  by  the  magifti'ates  of. 
faid  town,  that  the  treafurer  fliould  caufe  cafaway  the  faid  wynd. 
Alfo  this  year  the  faid  magiftrates  ordered  the  treafurer  to  caufe 
build  the  cafaway  at  the  back  of  William  Lind's  barn,  which  lately 
pertained  to  the  deceaft  James  Fiddes,  and  now  to  John  Bothwell, 
farmer,  in  the  chanry. 

The  third  is  the  CoUege-Wynd,  lying  betwixt  Dr.  Urquhart's 
g-arden  dyke  to  the  South,  and  James  Panton's  tenement,  which 
lately  pertained  to  the  heirs  of  the  deceaft  George  Laing,  fome 
time  oeconomift  in  the  King's  college,  to  the  North.  The  cafaway 
of  this  Wynd  was  lately  repaired. 

Alexander  Frafer  of  Powis,  fubprincipal  of  faid  college,  bought 
fron-i  William  Anderfon  an  houfe  on  the  Weft  fide  of  the  ftreet, 
almoftoppofite  to  the  college  gate,  with  a  little  yard,  and  fome 
back  fliort  riggs  at  the  end  thereof;  all  the  reft  of  the  ground  was 
deep  finking  mire,  and  paid  him  for  them  750I.  Scots ;  he  hath 
drained  fiiid  mire,  and  built  two  great  and  three  lefler  houfes 
towards  the  ftreet,  and  twelve  houfes  on  The  fide  of  Powis'  Burn, 

and 


HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN.  91 

and  made  out  four  yards  planted  with  trees  round  about  their 
dykes.  He  alfo  bought  the  ttones  and  timber  of  Kincairderi's 
lodging  (as  is  faid)  from  the  deceali  James  Sandilands  of  Crabllon, 
and  therewith  built  a  large  kiln  and  malt-barn  in  one  of  the  faid 
yards,  at  the  Weft  end  of  which  is  the  fand-hill,  which  he  hath 
enclofed  by  an  earth  dyke,  and  planted  with  firs  and  other  trees, 
Ocflober  30,  1718.  The  biggeft  houfe  aforefaid  was  accidentally 
burnt  November,  1696,  by  the  carelefTnefs  of  Mr.  George  Skene 
regent  in  faid  college  his  fervants  ;  wbich  the  faid  Powis  rebuilt 
and  repaired.  The  faid  houfes  and  yards  pay  him  yearly  upwards 
of  500  merks. 

This  is  the  only  beft  improved  ground  about  the  town.  Peter 
Aberdeen  built  an  houfe  upon  the  Eaft  fide  of  the  ftreet  near  the 
crofs,  anno  17 19.  This  tenement  formerly  pertained  to  Mr. 
Alexander  Spalding,  advocate,  and  fometime  commiiTary-clerk- 
depute  of  Old  Aberdeen,  where  he  had  a  good  lodging,  well 
flated,  with  a  timber- fore-ftair,  but  afterwards  became  ruinous, 
and  at  laft  was  demolifhed  to  build  the  yard-dyke,  and  to  help  to 
build  the  kiln  and  malt-barn  in  the  end  of  faid  yard ;  which  were 
built  by  the  deceafl  James  Gordon  of  Seaton. 

Anno  1722,  Bailie  Troup's  houfe  on  the  Weft  fide  of  the  ftreet 
(which  had  formerlya  plateform  roof,  and  did  not  keep  out  rain) 
he  hath  built  up  the  gavel-walls  thereof,  given  it  a  new  roof  above 
the  plateform,  and  covered  it  with  tyles,  which  is  a  convenient 
dwelling-houfe.  Alexander  Molyfon,  merchant,  in  the  North  end 
of  faid  city,  purchafed  the  North- Eaft  tower  of  the  chaplain's 
chambers  in  the  chafiry,  which  he  repaired,  and  the  half  of  the 
bifliop's  dovecote-green.  He  hath  built  a  new  yard  dyke,  at  the 
back  of  the  North  fide  of  the  faid  chaplain's  chambers,  anno  1 7  14; 
and  planted  on  the  other  fide  of  faid  dyke  29  trees,  anno  17  19, 
which  were  given  out  of  the  minifter's  yard  of  St.  Machar;   as  alio 

N   2  the 


92  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

the  bifhop's  dovecote  green  round  about  with  young  trees,  No- 
vember 1722. 

There  are  feveral  houfes  built  and  repaired,  befides  thefe,  within 
Taid  town. 

The  inhabitants  of  Old  Aberdeen  are  tied  to  no  mill,  except 
two  perfons  that  bound  themfelves  to  Gordon's  mill,  and  fome  few 
roods  that  were  formerly  thereto  tied. 


Lift  of  the  Masters  of  the  Musick-School. 

In  bifhop  Elphinfton's  time,  the  mafter  of  faid  fchool  in  Old 
Aberdeen  was  John  Malifons;  and  none  were  efteemed  good 
muficians  who  were  not  bred  with  him  who  was  mafter  of  iaid 
fchool.  After  the  Reformation  there  was  no  certain  account,  for 
the  caufe  above- written.  Thofe  who  are  made  mafters  thereof 
-undergoe  a  trial  by  competition  f^  detur  digmori)^  and  that  before 
expert  muficians ;  as  judges  in  reading,  writing,  arithmetick,  vo- 
cal and  inftrumental  mufick;  in  prefence  of  the  principal  and 
mafters  of  the  college,  the  minifters,  and  magiftrates  of  the  town, 
as  alfo  the  conveener  and  deacons  of  trades.  And  he  who  is 
found  beft  qualified,  is  admitted  to  be  mafter  of  faid  fchool,  reader, 
and  precentor  in  the  cathedral  church,  and  feffions  clerk. 

Mr.  Gilbert  Rofs  was  nrft  mafter,  anno  1636.  Alexander 
Wilguife,  1643.  William  Hay,  1658,  whofe  fon  Mr.  William 
Hay  fucceeded  him,  who  afterwards  was  mimfter  at  Perth,  whence, 
•he  was  tranOated  to  be  bifliop  of  Murray;   after  him,  his  brother 

Mr.  George  Hay,  anno ;   after  him,  William  Logan;   after 

him,  Alexander  Cooper;  after  him,  Mr.  William  Gumming,  an- 
no 1 69 1 ,  who  dimitted,  having  got  a  call  to  Elgin,  the  place  of  his 
mativity,  as  is  recorded  in  the  kirk-feflion-regifter  of  difcipline, 
2  .anno 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.         '       93 

anno  1696,  July  2,  by  his  own  anfwer  to  Mr.  Thomas  Ramfay, 
then  moderator  of  the  kirk-feffion. 

Here  follov/s  an  exa<St  and  faithful  account  of  the  admiflion  and 
entry  of  Mr.  William  Chryftie,  anno  1724  (faid  year  prefent 
mafter),  the  aforefaid  Mr.  William  Cummlng's  immediate  fuc- 
ceflbr,  viz. 

Anno  [696,  July  2,  Mr.  Thomas  Ramfay  aforefaid,  one  of  the 
minifters  of  the  gofpeljat  Aberdeen  (this  church  then  vacant)  be- 
ing moderator  of  a  meeting  of  the  gentlemen  and  heritors,,  mailers 
of  the  college,  Sec.  viz.  James  Gordon  of  Seaton,  Mr.  John  Gor- 
don, younger,  of  ditto,  heritors;  Dr.  George  Middleton,  principal; 
Mr.  George  Frafer,  fubprincipal;  Mr.  Alexander  Frafer,  regent; 
and  Mr.  Alexander  Gordon,    humanifl,  in   the  King's  college; 
George  Cruikfhank,  mafter  of  kirk-work ;  James  Thomfon,  Dun- 
can Caflie,  and  William  Smith,  elders  of  the  Kirk-feffion  of  Old 
Aberdeen.     The  aforefaid  Mr.  William  Gumming  being  inter- 
rogated by  the  faid  moderator   in  prefence  of  the   aforenamed 
gentlemen  of  the  meeting   (the  fame  having  been  conftituted, 
as  is  ufual,  by  prayer),  whether  he  was  to  remove  from  his  place  ? 
anfwered,  that  he  had  received  a  call  from  Elgin,  his  native  place, 
and  had  embraced  the  fame,   and  therefore  thought  fit  to  give 
them  a  timous  advertifement,   that  they  might  provide  for  one 
againft  Lammas  next,  at  which  time  he  was  to   remove.     The 
faid  day  it  was  thought  fit  to  confider  of  a  proper  perfon   who 
Ihould  fuceeed  as  mafter  of  faid  fchool,  &c.     And  the  queftion 
being  put,  there  were  four  named,  viz.  Mr.  William  Smith,  Mr. 
William  Chryftie,  Mr.  John  Sinclair,  and  Thomas  Gordon,      But 
to  (hun  and  evite  divifion  or  dilfention,  the  meeting  unanimoufly 
agreed  that  there  ftiould  be  a  publick  conipetiticn,  and  the  beft 
•qualified  fliould  carry  it.     Mean  while  it  was  voted,  whether  Mr. 
William  Smith  fhould  be  lifted  with  the  competitors,  or  admitted 

to 


94- 


H  IS  TORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


to  a  competition,  in  regard  he  kept  a  publick  inn,  and  was  known 
to  be  difafFe<Sted  to  the  government;  it  was  left  undetermined  till 
next  meeting,  which  the  faid  mediator  was  to  call  when  conve- 
nient. 

July  14,  1696,  after  prayer,  Sed"".  Mr.  Thomas  Ramfay,  mo- 
derator;  Mr.  higlifli,   Mr.  Sterling,  Mr.  Spalding,  Mr.  —  Black, 
minifter,    George  Cruiklhank,   matter  of  kirk-work  and  bridge- 
works  of  Aberdeen,  James  Bailie,  matter  of  mortifications  there  ; 
Mr.  John  Gordon,  younger,  of  Seaton,  Mr.  John  Robertfon,  heri- 
tors ;   Dr.  George  Middleton,  principal ,   Mr.  George  Frafer,   fub- 
principal;   Mr.  Alexander  Frafer,  regent;   James  Thomfon,  Dun- 
can Caffie,  and  Alexander  Taylor,  elders  of  the  Kirk-feffion ;   to- 
gether with  the  conveener  and  deacons  of  the  trades;   Alexander 
Cooper,  Thomas  Scott,  and  William   Gumming  aforefaid,    being 
appointed  examinators.      Mr.  William  Smith  being  called,  it  was 
anfwered  he  was  advertifed,  but  refufed  to  come,  becaufe  he  had 
not  had  timous  advertifement.      Upon  which   it  was  agreed  to, 
that  there  flioidd  be  no  more  mention  of  him,   fince  he  was 
called  and  refufed  to  compear.    Thomas  Gordon  being  called  com- 
peared, and  having  undergone  a  trial  in  his  fkill  of  mufick  both 
vocal   and  inftrumental,  wherewith   the  meeting  not  being  well 
fatisfied,  it  was  objected,  why  fhould  a  man  not  qualified  be  im- 
pofed  upon  them,  fince  they  could  be  better  ferved  befides,  viz. 
by  Mr.  William  Smith?   It  was  anfwered,    that  he  had  extended 
himfelf,  fince  he  refufed  to  compear  when  called;   and  they  were 
to  have  no  more  to  do  with  him  in  that  affair.      Overtured,  fince 
the  town  were  not  willing  to  accept  of  Mr.  Gordon  for  the  mu- 
fick-fchool,  and  the  prefbytery  would  not  allow  of  Mr.   Smith  to 
be  clerk  to  the  feffion;   for  peace  and  unity  fake,   and  that  the 
place  might  not  be  difappointed,  there  might  be  a  third  brought 
iin  that  might  give  fatisfadtion  to  both  parties.      It  being  alked,  if 

they 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  95 

they  knew  any  who  might  give  that  fatisfadion?  It  was  anfwered; 
Mr.  WilHam  Chryftie,  who  was  one  of  thole  Hfted,  and  againft 
whom  there  was  nothing  to  objed:;  but  he  not  being  upon  the 
place,  it  was  enquired  how  foon  he  might  be  here?  It  was  anfwered, 
once  this  week.  Then  it  was  unanimoully  agreed  to  delay  tha 
affair  till  he  fliould  come^  and  be  tried  and  examined  in  his  fkill 
of  mufick,  &c.  and  if  found  as  well  qualified  as  Mr.  Gordon,  and 
nothing  to  objedl  as  to  his  life  and  converfation,  8ic.  he  fliould  be 
accepted ;  but  this  always  without  prejudice  to  the  faid  Thomas 
Gordon;  if  he  can  make  his  friends  in  the  town. 

Auguft  3,  16965  after  prayer,  Sed"".  Mr.  Thomas  Ramfay,  mo- 
derator; Mr.  James  Ofborn,  Mr.  David  Brov/n,  miniflers;  George 
Cruikfliank,  matter  of  the  kirk  and  bridge-works  of  Aberdeen; 
Mr.  Bailie,  mafter  of  mortifications  there;  Mr.  John  Gordon, 
younger,  of  Seaton,  William  Gordon  of  Old  Govil,  heritors ;  Dr, 
Geerge  Middleton,  principal;  Mr.  George  Frafer,  fubprincipal ; 
Mr.  Alexander  Frafer,  regent;  Mr.  Alexander  Gordon,  humanift  ; 
Patrick  Sandilands  of  Gordon's  mill,  James  Thomfon,.  Alexander 
Taylor,  and  William  Smi:h,  elders.. 

The  meeting  finds  that  there  were  feveral  defirous  of  a  compe- 
titiou'  for  the  fchool,  efpecially  Mr.  John  Sinclair  being  upon  the 
place,  which  was  agreed  to. 

Mr.  William  Chryilie  being  called,  compeared;  and  it  being 
afked,  if  there  were  any  prefent  that  had  any  thing  to  objedt 
againilhira,  why  he  might  not  be  allowed  to  compete?  anfvver, 
no  objecSlion. 

Thomas  Gordon  being  called,  compeared;  it  was  objecfted  that 
he  had  palTed  trial  already;  yet  it  was  thought  fit  to  allow  him 
the  benefit  of  a  competition. 

•  Mr.  John  Sinclair  being  called,  compeared;  but  it  v/as  objected 
that  he  had  fome  time  paft  raifed  fuch  diforder  and  confufion  in 

the 


96  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

the  church,  and  fhewn  himfelf  oppofite  to  the  government ;  that 
however  quaUfied,  they  would  not  accept  of  him  for  their  pre- 
centor or  feflion-clerk. 

WiUiam  Carneggy  being  called,  compeared,  and  was  permitted 
to  a6t  his  part  with  the  reft. 

The  competitors  being  defired  to  remove^  Mr.  Gilbert  Leflie, 
Alexander  Cooper,  William  Gumming,  and  Thomas  Scott  were 
appointed  examinators.  It  was  thought  fit  to  take  trial  of  them 
one  by  one. 

Mr.  William  Chryftie  was  called,  and  compearing,  was  examined 
in  the  theory  and  pra6lice  of  mulick,  Sec. 

Thomas  Gordon  being  called,  compeared,  and  was  likewife  tried 
on  the  theory  and  practice  of  mufick,  &c. 

William  Carneggy  being  called,  compeared,  and  was  likewife 
examined  of  his  ikill  in  mufick,  &;c. 

The  competitors  being  removed,    and  the  judgement  of  the 
examinators  required ;  they   anfwered  in  one  voice,    that  they 
were  well  fatisfied  with  them  all,  fave  William  Carneggy,  who 
was  not  fo  good  for  the  inftrimental  part  of  mufick.     It  was  voted 
therefore   which  of  them  fliould  be  chofen ;    and   Mr.   William. 
Chryftie  carried  the  vote  by  1 3  more  than  any  of  the  reft ;   which 
done,  they  were  all  called  in,   and  Mr.  William  Chryftie  was  ad- 
mitted, and  received  to  be  mafter  of  the  raufick-fchool  in  Old 
Aberdeen,  precentor  and  fefllon-clerk;   yet,  upon  condition  that 
he  fiiould  bring  with  him  a  fufficient  teftimony  of  his  behaviour 
and  converfation ;  of  his  being  w^€ll-affe(5led  to  the  government 
both  of  church  and  ftate  from  the  prebendary,  at  which  he  pre- 
fently  refided;  which  failing,  Thomas  Gordon  is  to  be  preferred, 
iipon  the  fame  condition,  of  a  fufficient  teftimony,  &c. 

Auguft  13,  1696,  after  prayer,  Sed^  Mr.  James  Englifii,  mo- 
derator, ^r/9  tempore 3  bailie  Thomfon ;   Duncan  Caffie,  Alexander 

Taylor 


HISTORY     OF     A  B  E  R  D  E  E  N. 


97 


Taylor  and  William  Smith,  elders.     The  which  day,  the  mode- 
rator fignified  to  the  feffioii  that  Mr.  William  Ghriltie  had  pro- 
duced before  the  prefbytery,  Wednefday  laft  by  paft,  being  26th 
Auguft  current,  the  faid  prefbytery  fitting  in  the  feffion-houfe 
within  the  newchurch,  his  certificates  from  the  prefbytery  of  Perth ;. 
which  having  read   and,  confidered,  the  reverend  i^refbytery  of 
Aberdeen  approved  of;  and  further  appointed  Mr.  Arthur  Shep- 
herd, their  clerk,  to  give  the  faid  Mr.  Chryftie  an  extradf  there- 
anent,  which  being  read  this  day  according  to  the  moderator  and 
fefiions,  he  was  by  them  admitted,  and  received  to  be  precentor 
and  feflion-clerk  in  the  churcli  of  Old  Machar;   and  to  the  emo- 
luments of  the  faid  charge  they  gave  him  a  right  and  title,    as 
Alexander  Cooper  and  Mr.  William  Gumming  his  two  immediate 
predecefTors  had,  and  appointed  his  falary,   which   being  forty 
pounds  Scots  yearly,  fliould  continue  to  him  from  Lammas  1696, 
to  be  paid  by  the  church  treafurer  yearly,  termly,  or  quarterly, 
as  the  faid  Mr.   William   Chryilie  pleafes   to   demand  ;     whom 
the    moderator   exhorted  to   be  faithful   and  diligent  in  all  the 
duHes  of  his  place  and  charge ;   and  who  promifed  to  be  fo  ;   and 
accordingly  gave  his  oath  de  fideli.     The  moderator  recommended 
to  the  clerk  to  get  the  regifters  from  Duncan  Galiie,  and  extrad: 
a  lift  of  the  delinquents,  feeing  there  hath  been  no  fefTion  fince, 
the  members  of  the  feflioncannotcondefceiid  upon  the  order  of 
them  at  prefent. 

September  13,  1696,  Reportof  the  bifliops  being  got  up.  Sec. 
Vid.  refpedlive  Sederunts  in  the  feflion-book  anent  faid  affair. 

The  mafler  has  for  bis  falary  from  the  kirk-feflion,  as  bein^J- 
reader,  precentor,  and  feilion-clerk  53l.6s.1d.  Scots  yearly,  befides 
tlie  ordinary  cafualities,  as  baptifms,  burials,  and  marriages;  being 
6d.  for  each  baptifm  and  burial  in  the  church-yard;  in  the  church 
or  iiles  half  a  crown  for  perfon^  within  the  town  or  paridi  of  Old 
Machar;  but  thofe  without  the  town  or  parifl"!  pay  one-third  mo"e, 

O  for 


98  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

for  keeping  the  regifter.  For  contrads  of  marriages  the  clerk 
gets  half  a  crown,  except  tradefmen,  who  pay  only  two  fhillings 
fterling,  and  four-pence  for  their  baptifms  and  burials;  becaufe 
they  pay  him  yearly  24I.  Scots  as  another  part  of  his  falary,  for 
the  benefit  of  the  mortcloths,  granted  them  by  him;  which  pri- 
vilege they  had  by  bilhop ,  in  favours  of  the  mailer  of  the 

mufick-fchool,  provided  they  pay  him  yearly  20I.  Scots;  which 
was  augmented  4I.  to  Alexander  Cooper  and  his  fucceffors  in  of- 
fice. Befides  he  hath  40I.  Scots  paid  him  yearly  by  the  town's 
treafurer,  in  name  and  behalf  of  the  magiftrates  thereof,  by  and 
attour  tlie  benefit  of  the  fchool,  8cc. 


A  Lift  of  fome  Town's  Clerk-s. 
[No  full  account  for  the  caufe  aforefaid.] 

Imprimis.  Mr.  Arthur  Watt,  notar-publick.  Item,  William 
"Watt,  ditto.  Item,  Thomas  Lelllie,  ditto.  Item,  Alexander  San- 
difon,  ditto.  Item,  Mr.  John  Johnfton,  ditto.  Item,  George 
Adam,  ditto.     Item,  Adam  Thomfon,  in  this  year  172,4. 

The  clerk  hath  from  this  town  yearly  30I.  Scots  ;  from  the 
trades  20I.;  alfo,  of  fentence  money  for  every  decreet  fix-pence, 
and  as  much  for  extra«5ting  thereof,  and  if  it  happen  to  be  large 
one  fliilling  fterling ;  with  other  cafualities. 

^Of  the  Hand-Bell. 

Anno  1692,  the  magiftrates  of  Old  Aberdeen  made  great  en- 
quiry to  whom  the  prefent  hand-bell  belonged,  and  at  laft  were 
2  informed 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  99. 

informed  that  it  belonged  to  the  town,  being  gifted  by  tlie  deccalt 
John  Rofs,  fometime  janitor  in  the  King's  college.  Therefore, 
the  magiftrates  decerned,  that  they  and  their  fucceffors  in  office 
have  the  only  right  to  admit  any  man  they  think  fit  to  be  bell- 
man in  faid  city,  and  to  employ  the  cafualities  thereto  belonging. 
But  the  faid  magiftrates,  anno  1702,  March  i,  judicially,  in  the 
prefence  of  Thomas  Thomfon  of  Cocklaw,  minifterin  Old  Aber- 
deen, and  the  reverend  members  of  faid  kirk -feffion,  renounce  alL 
title  and  right  to  faid  hand-bell,  in  favour  of  faid  feilion. 

An  exa<5l  and  faithful  account  of  what  they  did  in  faid  affair,  from 

the  records  of  faid  fefTion. 

Anno  1702,  March  i,  in  prefence  of  the  faid  Thomas  Thom- 
fon, minifter ;   James  Thomfon,  Duncan  Caffie,   William  Smith,, 
and  John  Thorn,  elders  ;   Mr.  Alexander  Frafer,  William  Baxter, 
James  Knight,  and  Mr.  John  Robertfon  prefent  magiftrates.   The 
faid  day  the  whole  Sederunt  of  the  fefTion  judicially  and  unanimouf- 
ly  renounced  for  themfelves,  and  in  the  name  and  behalf  of  their 
fucceflbrs  in  office,  viz.  bailies  in  Old  Aberdeen,  all  or  any  right 
whatfoever  they  or  their  fucceffors  (as  is  faid)  have,  or  can  have, 
or  pretend  to,^  as  to  faid  bell;  which  right  or  title  the  faid  bailies 
renounced  in  favours  of  the  church;   and  that  not  only  in  their 
own  name  and  fuccefTors  in  office,  but  likewife  in  name  of  the 
town  and  whole  community  of  Old  Aberdeen ;   and  recommended 
to  the  minifter  kirk-feffion  to  difpofe  thereof  as  they  think  fit,  for 
the  benefit  of  the  church.      And  the  faid  magiftrates  judicially 
declare,  that  at  their  next  council  they  fliould  make  an  z£i  there- 
anent;  that  the  hand  bell  which  goeth  before  interments  doth 
entirely   belong  to  the  church;   and  that  they  fliall  refcind  all 
former  adls  as  to  faid  bell,  in  prejudice  of  the  church  of  Old  Ma- 
char;  feeing  it  is  abundantly  known,  that  the  church  and  none 

O   2  clfe, 


lOO 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


elfe,  have  been  always  in  ufe  thereof;   and  that  fince  any  of  the 
age  tlo  remember.  Vid.  refpe6liv€  of  khk-feffion. 


Of  the  Drummer,  and  his  dues. 

He  is  ordered  by  the  magiftrates  to  go  through  the  town,  beat- 
ing his  drum,  every  morning  at  five  o'clock,  and  at  eight  hours  at 
night;  as  alfo  to  obey  their  commands  on  other  occafions;  for 
which  he  hath  yearly  a  falary,  viz.  a  crown  out  the  conveener's 
box,  and  half  a  crown  out  of  every  traders  box,  with  four  iliillings 
Scots  yearly  from  houfe-holders,  being  a  penny  quarterly,  or 
yearly,  as  he  thinks  moft  convenient. 


An  account  of  the  Three  Bells,  with  their  infcriptions,  which 
belonged  to  faid  Cathedral  fince  the  Reformation. 


I.   Maxima  Campana. 

"  Michael  Burgerhuyes  me 
fecit,  ad  facros  coetos  convocan- 
dos.      Soli  Deo  gloria. 

'*  In  fumma  arce  -sedis  divi 
Macharij  locandam  curavit  do- 
minus  Patricius  Forbefius  epif- 
copus  Aberdonenlis,  et  fenatus 
ecclefiafticuS'  veteris  Aberdonias, 
cal.Jan.  i6.i2l" 


I .  The  largeft  bell. 

"  Michael  Burgerhuyes  made 
this  for  conveening  the  clergy. 
To  God  alone  be  glory. 

"  Mr.  Patrick  Forbes  bifliop 
of  Aberdeen,  and  the  ecclefi- 
aftical  fenate  of  Old  Aberdeen, 
took  care  to  place  this  bell  in 
the  higheft  fteeple  of  St.  Ma- 
char's  church,  Jan.  1622." 


This  is  on  the  bell  which  is  riven,  and  not  ufed. 


.a.  Campana 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  loi 

2.  Campana   cathedr.    ecclefi-      i.  The  bell  of  the  cathedral 
aftic.  Aberdoneii.  church  of  Aberdeen. 

"  Florente  domino  Georgio  "  George   Kilgoiir  made   it 

M.  D.    epifcopo,    anno   i68-8,  in  the  time  of  George   M.  D. 

Georgius  Kilgour  fecit.      Sab-  billiop,   anno    1688.      This  is 

bata  pango,    folemnia   clango,  toll'd     for    Sabbaths,      folemn 

funera  plango."  meetings,  and  funerals." 

3.    "    Michael  Burgerhuyes  3.   "   Michael  Burgerhuyes 

fecit  me,  1618.  made  this  bell,  1618. 

"  Soli  Deo  gloria."  "To  God  alone  be  glory." 

This  is  the  little  bell  which  hangs  bcfide  the  clock  in  the  South 
leiTer  fteeple. 

The  firfl  and  fecond  are  they  which  hung  in  the  great  fteeple, 
and  were  preferved ;  the  fecond  is  that  which  hangs  now  befide 
the  little  bell. 

Since  the  Reformation  there  is  an  excellent  clock  placed  in  the 
South  lefler  fteeple;  and  a  fun-dial  (as  is  faid)  above  the  porch  of 
faid  church, 

Adam  Balkiden,  bifliop  of  Dunblane,  was  tranflated  to  be  hi- 
Ihop  of  Aberdeen  about  anno  1635,  where  he  continued  till  he 
was  thruft  out  by  the  covenanters.  He  retired  to  England,  where 
he  died  in  a  fhort  time.  His  houfe  in  Old  Aberdeen  for  magni- 
ficence in  all  things  like  a  palace,  was  plundered  by  a  regiment 
of  covenanters. 

Dr.  Guild,  one  of  the  minifters  of  Aberdeen,  went  away  to  Hol- 
land, when  the  reft  of  the  doctors  fled  on  account  of  the  covenant, 
but  came  home  and  joined  with  the  covenanters,  taking,  it  \vith 
limitations;  but  being  chofen  principal  of  the  King's  college, 
anno  1640,  Auguft  18,  ad  vitam  aut  cii/pam,  he  took  the  cove- 
nant without  limitation. 

Anno 


102  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

Anno  1642,  in  the  beginning  of  January,  he  violently  broke 
clown  the  inllght  and  plenifhing  within  the  bifhop's  houfe,  which 
was  left  undeftroyed  by  the  faid  regiment  of  covenanters ;  fuch  as 
beds,  boards,  &c.  and  caiiifed  tranfport  them  down  to  the  college, 
to  plenifli  the  chambers  thereof. 

He  caufed  cut  dov/n  the  great  joifts,  tirr  the  too  falls  of  the  whole 
office-houfes;  viz.  bake-houfe,  brew-houfe,  biars,  and  flablesj 
and  toofall  chambers  ;  and  carry  roof  and  flates  away  to  build 
a  fong-fchool,  and  flate  it  in  Berold  Innes's  clofs ;  but  was  not 
made  ufe  of. 

He  alfo  took  away  the  pavement-ftones  of  the  bilhop's-hall,  and 
paved  the  common-fchool  of  the  college  therewith ;  having  got  a 
gift  of  the  bilhop's  manfe,  yard,  and  ward  from  a  committee  of 
the  kirk  and  eftatcs. 

A  fterwards  the  faid  bifliop's  lodgings  were  demoliOied  by  the 
Englifli  ufurpers,  with  the  North  fide  of  his  garden-  dyke,  to  buiM 
the  fortification  of  tlie  caille-hill  at  Aberdeen.  When  they  were 
taking  up  the  fi:ones  out  of  the  bifliop's  well,  fome  of  them  were 
killed  by  the  ground  clofing  upon  them;  and  there  they  remain 
in  the  bottom  of  the  faid  well  to  this  day,  as  old  men  relate  for  a 
certainty.  The  remainder  was  taken  to  help  to  build  the  new 
work  of  the  college . 

About  January  10,  1642,  the  bailies  of  Old  Aberdeen,  by  the 
tolerance  of  the  faid  Dr.  Guild,  caufed  mafons  to  throw  down  the 
bhliop's  dove-cote,  to  build  a  fong-lchool,  where  now  it  ftands,  as 
Spalding  in  his  annals  relates. 

Moreover,  upon  Auguft  5,  1640,  the  earl  of  Seaforth,  the 
mailer  of  Forbes,  Mr.  John  Adamfon,  principal  of  the  college  of 
Edinburgh,  and  the  faid  Dr.  Guild  with  diverfe  others,  held  a 
-committee  in  the  king's  college;  and  thereafter  came  to  St.  Ma- 
char's  churcli,  and  caufed  our  blefiTed    Lord  Jefus's  -'■■  arms  to  be 

"JJiefe  v^crc  probab!}-  the  inftrumcnt  of  the  paffioii  on  Ihields. 

hewn 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  loa 

hewn  out  of  the  front  of  pulpit;  and  to  take  down  the  portrait  of 
the  blefTed  Virgm  Mary,  and  her  dear  fon  Jefus  in  her  arms;  which 
had  ftood  (fince  the  upputing  thereof  in  curious  work  under  the 
ceihng  at  the  Weft  end  of  the  pend,  whereon  the  great  ftceple 
ftood)  unmoved  till  then ;  and  gave  orders  to  colonel  .  .  .  mafter 
of  Forbes,  to  fee  this  done,  which  he  with  all  diligence  obeyed. 
And  befides,  where  there  were  any  crucifixes  fet  in  honeft  mens' 
glafs  windows,  he  caufed  pull  them  out ;  and  a  mafon  ftruck  out 
Chrift's  arms  iu  hewn  work,  on  each  end  of  bifliop  Dunbar's  tomb ; 
and  likewife  chefel'd  out  the  name  of  Jefus  (drawn  cypher-ways, 
I.  H.  S.  that  is,  Jefus  Hominum  Salvator)  of  the  timber-work  on 
forefide  of  St.  Machar's  ille,  now  called  bilhop  Scougal's,  oppofite  to 
the  confiftory-door ;  and  the  crucifix  on  the  old  town  crofs  was 
turned  down. 

Anno  1642,  December  1 6,  the  faid  Dr.  Guild  and  Mr.  William 
Strachan,  minifter  of  faid  church,  entered  William  Charles,  wright 
in  Old  Aberdeen,  to  take  down  the  high  altar,  ftanding  upon  the 
Eaft  wall  of  bilhop  Gavin  Dunbars  ifle,  almoft  as  high  as  the  ceil- 
ing thereof,  curioully  wrought  of  fine  wainfcot;  for  within  Scot- 
land there  was  not  a  better  piece  of  work.  The  workman  would 
not  lay  his  hand  to  it  to  take  it  down,  till  the  faid  Mr.  William 
Strachan  put  his  firft;  and  then  the  work  was  begun.  And  in 
down-taking  one  of  the  three  timber-crowns,  which  they  thought 
to  have  preferved  imbroken;  it  fell  fuddenly  upon  the  king's 
great  ladder,  and  broke  it  in  three  pieces,  and  itfelf  in  great 
pieces,  and  fome  of  the  pavement  with  the  weight  thereof;  but 
the  people  were  all  fafe. 

The  faid  Mr.  Strachan  devifed  a  loft  for  the  eafe  of  the  people 
at  fermon,  in  the  Weft  end  of  the  church;  which  took  away  the 
ftatelier  fliew  and  fight  of  the  body  of  the  whole  church ;  and 
with  the  back  of  the  altar  and  ornaments  thereof  he  dccorcd  the 

fore 


104  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

fore  and  back  fides  of  faid  loft.  This  was  done  without  the  con- 
feiit  of  the  old  town  fcllion  or  the  brethren.  This  altar  was-  an 
excellent  piece  of  workmanfhip,  having  three  crowns  uppermoft, 
and  other  kinds  of  crowns  beneath,  well  carved,  v.irh  golden 
knaps,  now  on  faid  loft. 

There  were  2000  merks  left  by  Dr.  Scroggy  in  the  kirk-box, 
wherewith  the  laid  Mr.  William  Strachan  flated  the  kirk,  toofalls, 
fleeple,  and  bifliop  Gavin  Dunbar's  iile,  and  call:  lime  into  that 
part  where  the  back  of  faid  altar  ftood,  that  it  might  not  be  known, 
June,  1645.  The  faid  Mr.  Strachan  at  his  own  hand,  without 
right  or  title,  caufed  tradefmen  pull  down  the  flately  roof  of  the 
bifliop's  hall,  to  be  timber  for  the  North  ifle  of  faid  church  j  and 
Dr.  Guild  as  aforefaid  took  away  the  flates  thereof  for  the  ufe  of 
the  college. 


An  account  of  the  Rent  which  pertained  to  the  faid  ChurcH. 

This  church  had  of  old  a  great  yearly  rent  belonging  to  it,  and 
the  clergy  that  miniftered  in  it;  the  moll  of  which  now  pertains  to 
the  King's  college,  and  the  minillers  of  faid  church;  and  of  the 
reft  there  is  no  certain  account.  Bifliop  Scougal  mortified  2000 
merks  Scots  money  to  it,  which  w'as  taken  to  rebuild  the  eaft  end 
thereof,  as  faid  is.  It  has  now  the  annuities  which  the  faid 
Walter  Robertfon  difponed  back  to  faid  church,  which  are  con- 
tained in  the  fights  thereof,  the  moil  of  which  are  become  in  de- 
fuetude,  or  out  of  ufe. 

But  Mr.  Mitchel,  prcfent  miniiler,  anno  1725,  fummoned 
many  perfons  in  New  and  Old  Aberdeen  and  elfewhere  before 
the  lords  of  fcHion  anent  the  faid  annuities,  ?cc.  It  hath  like- 
wife 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  105 

M'ife  its  defk-raail;  which  will  be  about  50I.  Scots;  as  alfo  the 
burial -lairs  in  the  church,  yard,  and  illes;  all  which  are  little 
enough  to  fupport  the  fabrick  of  the  cathedral.  It  hath  now 
only  two  beadles,  who  get  each  of  them  twenty  merks  Scots  from 
the  feffion  yearly  ;  and  gratuities  from  perfons  to  whom  the  defks 
pertain. 

There  was  a  beadle  of  this  church  called  George  Kilgour,  a  no- 
tar-publick,  who  folicited  bifliop  Scougal  to  make  him  facriit  of  St, 
Machar's  church.  The  bilhop,  being  a  well-natured  and  peaceable 
man,  confented  to  it;  but  it  feems  he  had  no  thought  that  the  fa- 
crifls  of  faid  church  were  always  church-men  and  iii  holy  orders  ; 
and  granted  him  a  charter  for  being  facrift,  figned  by  himfelf,  the 
dean  and  chapter,  which  I  have  feen. 

The  holy  water  ftone,  which  ftood  in  the  chancel,  8:;c.  is  yet 
lying  in  bilhop  Scougal's  ille. 

There  is  the  effigies  of  fome  great  man  of  the  chapter  cut  out 
of  i\:one  ad /ongi^m,  lying  in  the  North  wall  of  the  feffion-houfe; 
but  it  is  not  well  known  what  he  has  been,  the  infcription  being 
obliterated ;   yet  the  greateft  part  thereof  follows,  viz. 

"  Hie  jacet  honorabilis  vir,  "   Here  lies   an  honourable 

Mr.    Walterus man,  Mr.  Walter 

qui  donavit  xx/.  annuatim  ca-  Vv^ho  gifted  to  the  chaplains  in 

pellanis  in  choro  pro  milTa  in  the  quire  20I.  yearly,  for  cele- 

fexta  feriacelebranda ;   quiobijt  brating  mafs  every  week-day; 

die  who  died 

Julii aniniiB  propi-  ....   day  of  July 

tietur  Deus.     Amen."  God   be   merciful   to   his  foul. 

Amen." 

There  is  no  infcription  or  date  upon  St.  Machar's  church  ex- 
cept that  on  the  Weft  fide  of  the  buttrage,  whidi  ftands  on  the 

P  South 


io6  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

South  end  of  bilhop  Dunbar's  ifle;  viz.  Thomas  the  fon  of  Tho- 
mas French,  matter- mafon,  who  built  the  bridge  of  Dee,  and  this 
ifle,  is  interred  at  the  foot  hereof,  who  died  anno  1530. 

Dr.  John  Keith,  miniiler,  caufed  build,  and  repaireil  the  church- 
yard dykes  fome  time  before  the  Revolution.  It  hath  fourth  en- 
tries or  gates.  James  Marnock,  mafon,  and  George  Ciittal,  wright,, 
pointed  the  tv/o  lefler  fieeples  anno  1704;  -which  had  not  till  then 
been  pointed  iince  the  reformation,  as  old  men  declare. 

Mr.  Mitchell,  now  minilter,  caufed  repair  the  South  toofall  of 
faid  church,  anno  1720;  which  coft  upwards  of  1200  merks.. 
Anno  1722,  he  caufed  plaifter  and  wafh  with  fliell-lime  the  walls 
of  faid  church,  which  was  of  expences  325I.  Scots  money. 

The  breadth  of  the  church  as  it  now  ftands,  anno  1725,  is  64^ 
feet  2  inches;   and  the  length  135  feet  3  inches  within  walls. 

The  churchmen's  lands  in  the  chaiiry|paid  no  cefs  till  anno  1690; 
nor  from  1256,  when  bifliop  R.amfay  freed  them  thereof,  as  is 
faid.  But  the  mailers  of  the  college  being  titulars  of  St.  Machar's 
parifli  tithes,  allocated  tithes  upon  the  church  lands  of  faid  chanry 
that  were  not  in  yards,  anno  1722;  and  caufed  the  heritors  or  te- 
nants pay  for  five  years  backwards,  viz.  from  anno  17  16,  v.hen 
Mr.  Mitchell  got  his  diredlion  of  augmentation.  They  pay  now 
as  follow*;  viz.  Imprimis,  Lewis  Gordon  of  Kinmundy  for  Meth- 
lick's  gleib  or  tail  lying  at  the  end  of  his  yard,  two  pecks  of  bear. 
Item,  the  tail  of  the  parfon  of  Oyne,  two  ditto.  Item,  the  tail  of 
the  parfon  of  Rain,  Kinkell's,  and  the  chaplain  of  Wefthall's  gleib, 
thirteen  pecks  of  bear.  Item,  the  parfon  of  Kincairden's  and  Cru- 
den's  gleib,  one  boll  and  i  5  pecks  ditto.  Item,  Clatt's  and  Mort- 
lack's  gleibs,  ten  merks  Scots.  Item,  the  bilhop's  dovecote-green, 
now  Alexander  Molyfon's,  fix  merks  Scots. 

Thele  tithes,  whi  "h  were  free  for  the  fpace  of  466  years,  are 
payable  now  to  Mr.  William  Smith,  fecond  minifler. 

Upon 


HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN.  107 

Upon  the  Weft  fide  of  the  kettle-hills  of  old  there  were  terras- 
walks,  for  the  eafe  and  conveniency  of  the  canon-regulars  that 
lived  in  the  chariry,  which  are  now  tilled  and  made  corn-ground. 
The  firft  that  laboured  or  tilled  them  was  Alexander  Gordon  of 
Kinguidy,  a  Roman  catholick,  who  lived  fome  time  in  the  chanry. 

The  channel  for  conveying  the  water  in    the  chanry    which  ' 
comes  from  a  fountain  at  the  end  of  the  fields  belonging  to  Col- 
town,  was  done  by  the  canons  aforefaid,  upwards  of  200   years 
ago. 

The  faid  hill  of  Tilliedron  was  artificially  built  by  king  Robert 
Bruce's  foldiers,  as  men  acquainted  with  antiquities  relate ;  which 
feems  to  have  been  defigned  for  a  watch-guard,  for  the  ufe  of  his 
army  when  they  lay  here;  and  thereafter  the  clergy  who  lived  in 
the  clergy  who  lived  in  the  chariry  kept  a  watch  or  guard  on  it  in 
troublefome  times,  that  they  might  not  be  furprized  fuddenly  by 
their  enemies. 

Anno  1 7  2 5,  in  faid  church-yard  were  many  trees  planted ;  firft, 
a  row  on  each  fide  of  the  cafaway  from  the  high  ftile  to  the  church 
port.  Secondly,  there  is  a  walk  at  the  back  of  the  church  to  the 
chaplain's  ftyle,  and  planted  on  every  fide  with  trees.  Thirdly,  at 
the  South  and  Weft  dykes  of  faid  yard  are  trees  planted  where 
they  were  wanting,  and  had  not  been  planted ;  which  in  a  few 
years  will  be  a  decorement  to  the  church-yard. 

In  that  piece  of  ground  at  the  end  of  the  dean's  gleib  gifted  by 
the  bifliop  of  Aberdeen  to  dean  Robert  Erfi^ine,  who  fued  it  out  to 
the  predecelFors  of  John  Nicol,  there  are  four  dwelling-houfes 
anno  1725,  which  pay  a  merk  of  annuity,  and  5s.  4d.  of  fue. 


V  2  An 


io8  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN* 


An  account  of  the  Bifliop  of  Aberdeen's  chapter,  fince  the  Re- 
formation . 

The  principal  of  the  college  is  dean.  The  paifon  of  Auchter- 
'  lefs  chanter.  The  parfon  of  Raine  archdeacon.  The  parfon  of 
Birfe  chancellor.  The  parfon  of  Daviot  treafurer.  The  parfon 
of  Kincairden-Oneile.  The  reitor  of  Monumiifk.  The  parfon 
ofBelhelvie.  The  parfon  of  Banchory-Devenick.  The  parfon 
of  Logie-Buchan.  The  parfon  of  Clatt.  The  parfon  of  Meth- 
lick.  The  parfon  of  Invernochtie.  The  parfon  of  Couldftane. 
The  parfon  of  Oyne.  The  parfon  of  Cruden.  The  parfon  of 
Tillieneftle.  The  parfon  of  Forbes.  The  parfon  of  Philorth. 
The  parfon  of  Lonmay.  The  prebendary  of  Old  Deer.  The 
prebendary  of  Ellon. 


Account  of  the  Dues  for  Burial-Lairs  within  the  Church,  Yard,, 
and  Ifles;   and  ringing  the  Bells  at  Interments. 

Firft,  Perfons  within  the  town  of  Old  Aberdeen  and  parifli  of 
St.  Machar,  who  employ  the  bells  to  be  rung  at  interments,  pay 
ten  merks ;  ftrangers  lol.  Scots;  but  if  thefe  ftrangers  rcfide  in 
the  town  or  parilli,  only  ten  merks.  Second.  Perfons  within  the 
town  or  pariih  above  i  5  years,  for  their  burials  within  the  church 
or  ifles  twenty  merks;  for  thofe  under  that  age  ten  merks;  and 
thofe  carried  by  one  man  five  merks  Scots.  Third.  Strangers  not 
refiding  within  the  town  or  parifli  for  their  burials  within  the 
church  or  ifles  above  15  years  20I.;  thofe  under  that  age  lol.;; 
thofe  carried  by  one  man  5I.  Scots.     But  if  the  Itrangers  refidc  in 

the 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  109 

the  town  or  pariflT,  they  pay  as  the  parifhioners,  and  the  fame  dues- 
the  feffion-clerk  and  the  beadles.  Fourth.  Burials  of  parilhioners 
above  15  years  in  the  church-yard  two  merks;  and  thofc  carried 
by  one  man  half  a  merk  ;  and  all  ftrangers  a  third  part  more  con- 
form.    All  penfioners  are  buried  gratis. 


Dues  to  the  Session-Clerk  and  Beadles. 

Firft.  For  baptifms  los.  6d.  to  the  clerk,  aud  the  reft  to  tlie- 
beadles.     The  incorporate  tradefmen  8d.;  half  to  the  clerk,  and 
the  reft  to  the  beadles.      Second..  To  the  clerk  for  proclamation  of 
banns  of  matrimony,  half  a  crown  from  a  burgher;    2s.  fterling 
from  a  tradelhian  ;   and  half  a  merk  to  the  beadles.      Third.   Bu-- 
rials  within  the  church  and  ifles;   to  the  clerk,    for  parilhioners, 
half  a  crown;   for  ftrangers    40s.  Scots;   to  the  beadles  for  pa- 
rifliioners  40s.  Scots;   and  for  ftrangers  four  merks  Scots..     And 
within  the  church-yard,  to  the  clerk,  for  parifhioners,  1 4s. ;   and 
for  ftrangers    i8s.  8d.  Scots;   and  as  much  to  the  beadles.      Each 
party  to  be  contradfed  configns  a  crown,  and  rauft  find  caution. 
The  ftocked  money  belonging  to  the  church  for  the  poor's  ufe^, 
anno  1716,  was  onJy  four  hundred  pounds  Scots. 


Of   ECGLESIASLICAL  CoURTS. 

Every  bifliop  hath  under  him  an  official  or  commiffary,  who  is 
judge  of  the  fpiritual-court  within  his  diocefe.  Unto  this  court?, 
are  referred  matters  of  teftaments,  baftardy,  divorce,  tithe?,  perjury^, 
&c.  and  many  civil  cafes.  It  fits  in  the  months  of  November,  De- 
cember, January,  February,  June,  and  July. 


1  10 


HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 


Commissaries  of  Scotland. 


n 

o 

a 

3 


w 

5' 

crq 


Sir  David  Falconer  of  Glcn- 

Farquhar. 
Henry  Fowlis. 
James  Akenheid. 
John  Wifliart. 
John  Lindfay,  official  of  St. 

drew's. 
Sir  William  Fleming,  offic 

Glafgow. 
John  Stewart,    commiffary    of 

Dunkeld.    . 
John    Scougal,    commiffary   of 

Aberdeen. 
Alexander  M "  Kenzie,     official 

of  Murrary. 


An- 


ial  of 


George  Paterfon,  commiffary  of 

Rofs. 
James  Strachan,  commiffary  of 

Brechin. 
James  Innes,  official  of  Gaith- 

nefs. 
—  Monro,    commiffary  of  — 
William  Scrowgy,  commiffary  of 

Argyle. 
The  officials  of  Dumblane, 
Galloway, 
Orkney, 
The  Ifles. 


Having  treated  of  the  fucceffion  of  the  biffiops  in  their  feveral 
fees,  let  us  take  a  fliort  view  of  the  feveral  courts  fubordinate  to 
them,  wherein  is  exercifed  eccleiiail:ical  difcipline.  The  firft  and 
loweft  which  is  in  every  fee  called  the  feffion.  It  confifts  of  the 
chief  and  moft  grave  men  of  the  pariffi,  who  are  termed  elders  and 
deacons. 

In  this  fmall  court,  whereof  the  minifter  is  prefident,  all  for- 
nicators, adulterers,  blafphemers,  fwearers,  profaners  of  the  Lord's 
day,  &c.  are  conveened,  and  put  to  make  publick  confeffion  of 
their  fins,  and  profelfion  of  their  repentance,  according  to  the  de- 
gree or  heinoufnefs  of  them.  For  fornication  they  make  publick 
confeffion  in  the  church  three  feveral  Lord's  days,  in  the  lafl  of 
which  they  receive  abfolution. 

For 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


Ill 


For  an  adultery  they  make  their  profeffion  of  repentance  for 
half  an  year  every  Lord's  day;   and  for  fix  Lord's  days  they  ftand 
in  fackloth  at  the  church,   half  an  hour  before  morning  prayers; 
and  then,  in  the  end,  tliey  receive  abfolution.      And  for  other  faults, 
they  do  penance  according  to  their  feveral  degrees. 

The  deacon's  office  is  to  collect  the  money  for  the  ufc  of  the- 
poor;  to  tlelate  delinquents,  8cc.  ;  and  that  of  the  elder  is  to  be 
careful  of  the  fabrick  of  the  church;  to  affitl  in  the  cenfuring  of 
fcandalous  perfons;  and  to  wait  on  the  miniller  at  the  celebration 
of  the  Lord's  fupper,  Sec.      This  court  fitteth  once  a  \veek» 

The  number  of  the  pariilies  in  Scotland  is  uncertain,  but  may 
be  reckoned  to.  be  about  a  thoufand. 

The  next  court  is  called  the  Prefbyter}^,  confiding  of  i  2  or  20 
minifters,  more  or  lefs;  that  fits  once  in  two  or  three  weeks. 
The  moderator  or  prefident  thereof  is  chofen  by  the  bifhop.  hi 
this  court  are  difcuiTed  appeals  from  feffion,  and  other  difficult 
cafes.  Here  are  conveened all  thofe  who  refufe  to  fubmit  to  church 
difcipline,  and  all  fuch  as  aportatize  to  popery  or  qiiakerifm,  who, 
if  they  remain  obftinate,  are  profecuted  with  the  cenfures  of  the 
church.  Here  alio  all  fuch  as  enter  into  holy  orders  are  examined, 
and  an  account  taken  of  their  learning  and  other  qualifications,  in 
a  courfe  of  many  trials ;  as  making  homilies,  fermons,  and  com- 
mon places,  which  hold  two  or  three  months;  and  then  they 
are  returned  to  the  bifhop  well  qualified,  who  upon  that  proceeds 
to  ordain  them. 

Presbyteries  of 


Dunce, 

Chirnfidc,. 

Kelfoe, 

Erfilton, 

Jedburgh, 


Melrofs, 

Perth,, 

Dunkeld,. 

Auchterardc 

Peeblis, 


Linlithgow, 

Dunbar, 

Haddington, 

Dalkeith, 

Edinburgh, 


Striviling;, 
Dumblane,, 
Dunfreis, 
Penpont, 
Lochmabane^; 
Midr 


112, 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


Middlebie, 

Wigton, 

Kirkubright, 

iitranaver, 

Air, 

Irwing, 

Palley, 

Dumbarton, 

Glalgow, 

Hamilton, 

Lanerk, 

Biggar, 

Dunnunc, 


Kinloch, 

Innerary, 

Kilmoir, 

Skye, 

St.  Andrew's, 

Kirkaldy, 

Cowper, 

Dumfermling 

Meegle, 

Dundee, 

Arbroath, 

Forfar, 


Brechin, 

Mernis, 

Aberdeen, 

Kincarden, 

Alford, 

Gareoch, 

Deir, 

TurrefF, 

Fordyce, 

Ellon, 

Strathbogy, 

Abernethy, 


Elgin, 

Forres, 

Aberlower, 

Chanry, 

Tayne, 

Dingwell, 

Dornoch, 

Week, 

Thirlb, 

Kirkwall, 

Scalloway, 

Colmkill. 


A  third  cou^t,  whereof  the  bifliop  is  prefident,  is  the  provin- 
cial affembly  or  fynod.  In  this  court  are  difcuffed  all  appeals  from 
prefbyteries,  and  all  other  difficult  cafes. 

From  hence  are  iffued  warrants  for  vifiting  churches.  Here 
alfo  the  lives  of  fcandalous  minifters  are  tried,  who,  if  found 
guilty  of  crimes  laid  to  their  charge,  are  either  depofed,  fufpend- 
ed,  or  excommunicated.  The  fentence  of  excommunication  can- 
not be  pronounced  againft  an  obilinate  perfon  but  after  a  long  pro- 
cefs  of  near  a  year's  continuance;  and  many  citations  and  much 
pains  to  bring  the  fcandalous  perfon  againft  whom  only  it  is  de- 
nounced to  a  due  fenfe  of  his  fins,  and  a  willingnefs  to  fubmit  to 
the  cenfares  of  the  church;  and  then  it  muft  be  ratified  and  ap- 
proved by  the  bifliop.  The  provincial  fynod  meets  twice  in  the 
year,  in  April  and  Odober. 

The  higheft  ecclefiaftical  court  is  the  general  afl^embly;  which 
as  its  conllitution  and  authority  were  fettled  in  king  James's  mi- 
jiority,  was  made  of  two  minifters,    commilfioners    from  every 

prefbytery. 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN,  113 

prefbytery,  and  one  lay-elder;  a  coniniillioner  from  every  royal 
borough,  one  from  the  Univerfity  and  one  from  the  king.  Thefe 
had  the  fupreme  authority  about  all  church  matters,  and  how 
•much  trouble  they  bred  king  James  is  not  hard  to  be  dilco- 
vered.  A  fliadow  of  this  flill  remains ;  for  the  fupreme  eccleliafti- 
cal  court  is  <leclared  to  be  a  national  fynod  made  up  of  bifliops  and 
deans,  and  two  members  from  every  prefbytery,  one  of  \^]iom  is 
of  the  bifliop's  nomination ;  and  a  commiiiioner  from  every  Uni- 
verfity. But  nothing  is  to  be  propofed  but  by  the  king  or  his 
commiflioner;  nor  can  any  thing  that  they  do  be  of  any  force  till 
it  be  ratified  by  the  king.  But  as  the  calling  of  this  fynod  is 
wholly  in  the  crown,  fo  there  is  little  need  of  it;  fince  the  king's 
fupremacy  is  fo  large  that  he  needs  not  their  concurrence  to  add 
their  authority  to  any  thing  that  he  fliall  think  fit  to  do  about 
church  affairs. 

The  bifhops  of  Scotland  take  their  places  thus;  St.  Andrew's, 
Glafgow,  Edinburgh,  Galloway;  the refl  according  to  the  feniority 
of  their  confecrations. 


Of  the  King's  College  in  Old  Aberdeen. 

King  James  IV.  and  William  Elphingfton  bifhop  of  Aberdeen, 
procured  from  pope  Alexander  VI.  the  privilege  of  an  Univerfity 
in  Aberdeen,  anno  1494.  It  is  endowed  with  as  ample  privileges 
as  any  Univerfity  inChriflendom*,  and  particularly,  the  foundation 
relates  to  the  privileges  of  Paris  and  Bononia,  but  hath  no  reference 
to  Oxford  or  Cambridge,  becaufe  of  the  wars  between  Scotland 
and  England  at  that  time.  The  privileges  were  afterwards  con- 
firmed by  pope  Julius  II.  Clement  VII.  Leo  X.  and  Paul  II. ;  and 
by  the  fuccefiTors  of  king  James  IV.     The  bifhop  of  Aberdeen  is 

Q  perpetual 


fl4  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

perpetual  of  this  Univerfity,  and  hath  power  to  vifit  in  his  own 
perlbn,  and  to  reform  abufes;  and  thovigh  he  be  not  a  do6lor  of 
divinity,  yet  the  foundation  gives  him  power  of  conferring  that 
degree.  The  office  of  vice-chancellor  refides  in  the  official  or 
commiflary  of  Aberdeen.  The  re6tor,  who  is  chofen  yearly,  with 
the  affiftance  of  his  four  affeflbrs,  is  to  take  notice  of  abufes,  &c. 
in  the  Univerfity,  and  to  make  return  thereof  to  the  chancellor. 
]f  one  of  the  mafters  happen  to  be  ret^or  then  is  his  power  de- 
volved upon  the  vice-chancellor. 

The  college  was  founded  by  bifliop  William  Elphingflon  anno 
1500,  and  was  called  the  King's  college,  becaufe  king  James  IV. 
took  upon  him  and  his  fuccelTors  the  fpecial  protection  of  it.  Per- 
fons  endowed  were  a  do6tor  in  theology,  wdio  was  principal;  a 
do6lor  of  the  canon  law;  a  dodor  of  the  civil  law;  and  a  dodlor 
of  phyfick  ;  a  profeffor  of  humanity  to  teach  grammar;  a  fub- 
principal  to  teach  philofophy;  a  cantor;  afacrill;  fix  ftudents  in 
divinity;  three  ftudents  in  the  law;  13  ftudents  in  philofophy; 
an  organift;  five  finging-boys,  who  were  ftudents  in  humanity. 


Benefactors. 

'  William  Elphingflon,  bifliop,  the  founder,  built  mofl  part  of  the 
hibrick,  furnifhed  the  great  fleeple  with  ten  bells,  gave  many  coflly 
ornaments,  as  hangings,  books,  8cc. 

King  James  IV.  beflowed  upon  the  college  the  rents  of  the  hof- 
pital  of  St.  Germains  in  Lothian,  whereof  the  tithes  of  the  parilhes 
of  Aberhithnot  in  Mernis,  of  Glenmuik,  and  Glengairden  in  Mar, 
01c  a  part;  as  alfo  the  tithes  of  the  pariflies  of  Slains  and  Furvie 
in  Buchan. 

King 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  215 

King  James  VI.  beftowed  upon  it  the  rents  of  the  Carmelite 
friars  of  Banff,  the  chaplainries  of  VVcfthall  and  FallowrowlL 

King  Charles  I.  anno  1641  gave  to  it  two  parts  of  the  revenues 
of  the  bilhoprick  of  Aberdeen,  fo  long  as  the  fee  fhould  re- 
main vacant ;  upon  which  donation,  eight  burfars  more  were  en- 
dowed, and  it  was  called  the  Caroline  Univerfity. 

King  Charles  II,  by  the  advice  of  the  eftates  of  parliament  he- 
flowed  upon  it,  1672,  the  ftipends  of  all  thofe  churches  which 
fliould  happen  to  be  vacant  within  the  diocefe  of  Aberdeen,  Murray, 
Rofs,  and  Caithnefs;  and  that  for  feven  years  following  the  date 
of  the  a6t. 

Gavin  Dunbar,  bifliop  of  Aberdeen,  built  the  South  quarter  of 
the  college,  and  the  houfes  belonging  to  the  prebendaries,  and 
perfected  whatfoever  bifliop  Elphingfton  left  unfinillied. 

William  Stewart,  bifliop  of  Aberdeen,  built  the  library,  chapter, 
and  veftry-houfes;   a  fchool  and  chambers  for  the  chaplains. 

Duncan  Strearer,  parfbn  of  Clatt,  gave  certain  lands  towards  the 
tnaintainance  of  burfars. 

Robert  Maitland,  dean  of  Aberdeen,  procured  the  annexation 
of  the  deanry  to  the  college  anno  1579. 

William  Stewart,  principal,  procured  the  annexation  of  the 
redory  of  Methlick  to  the  college. 

Sir  Thomas  Burnett  of  Leyis  endowed  three  burflu-s. 

James  Watt,  redtor  of  Snaith  in  Yorkfliire,  gave  certain  lands 
towards  the  maintainance  of  a  ftudent  in  divinit)'. 

Alexander  Reid,  dodtor  of  phyfick,  left  a  legacy  to  the  college 
200I.  of  Englifh  money.     He  alfo  left  his  books  to  the  library. 

John  Forbes,  dodlor  and  profellbr  of  divinity  (of  whom  before), 
purchafed  two  houfes,  and  left  the  one  for  the  accommodation  of 
his  fucceflbrs,  profelTors  of  divinity,  and  the  other  for  the  ufe  of  the 
cantor, 

Q  2  Thofe 


Ii6  HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 

Thofe  following  left  their  books  to  the  library:  viz.  George- 
Clarke,  a  miniller ;  Thomas  Gairden;  Sir  Francis  Gordon ;  Alex- 
ander Blackall,  fludent  in  divinity^  redc^nt  at  London;,  Thomas 
Mercer,  burgefs  of  Aberdeen.. 


PRlNCIP-'A>iiS,. 

Heiftor  Boyes  (of  whom  before),  born  in  Dundee,  and  bred  np 
in  letters  in  the  Univerlity  of  Paris,  was  the  firft  principal.  Be- 
fides  his  Hiftory  of  the  Scots,  he  wrote  the  Lives  of  the  Biiliops  of 
Aberdeen,  anno  1522. 

William  Hay,  fubpnncipal,,washls  fvicceffor,  anno  153    ^ 
John  Biiret  continued  fix  years,   and>  refigned  his  place  anno 
^55'^  (becaufe  of  his  infirmity  proceeding  from  long  ficknefs)  to 
Alexander  Anderfon,  fub-prJncipal,  who  was  alfo  parfon  of  Ty- 
ric,  and  vicar  of  Kinkell,  1558.     This  man  was  a  great  fcholar 
aiKJ  a  fiibtil  difputant,    but  no  great  friend  to  the  college.     For 
the  hatred  he  bare  to  the  reformed  religion  he  alienated  fome  of 
the  college  revenues,  deftroyed  many  of  its  writings  and  evidences, 
whereby  many  lands  and  other  rents  belonging  to  St.  Germains 
are  fjuite  lofi ;,  fold  tl>e  ornaments,  books,  and  other  furniture  be- 
longing to  the  college.     Commendable  he  was  in  one  thing;  for 
when  forae  of  the  reformers  would  have  taken  away  the  lead  and; 
bells,  ref'uUt  vim  ferro..     He  was  afterwaixls  turned  out,,  and  the 
place  coiiferred  upon 

Alexander  Arbuthnot  (brother  to  the  baron  of  Arbuthnot),  anno- 
1569,  parfon  of  Arbuthnot  and  Logie  Buchan;  a  modeft,  learned, 
and  pious  divine^ 

Walter 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  1-17 

Walter  Stewart,,  fubprincipal,  was  his  fuccefTor,  anno  1584;  a 
very  hopeful  perfon,  taken  away  m  the  3.6th  year  of  his  age. 
Upon  his  death,  anno  1593. 

David  Rait  (of  the  houfe  of  Halgreen  in  the  Mernis),  fubprin- 
cipal, was  preferred  to  the  place.  He  continued  principal  forty- 
two  years.     To  him  fucceeded,  anno  1634, 

WiUiam  Leflie,  dodor  in  divinity,  fubprincipal,  one  of  great 
learning.  In  his  time,  anno  1 634,  a  ftorm  of  wind  beat  down 
the  top  of  the  great  Iteeple,  which  aftei'wards  was  built  more 
flately,  confifting  of  four  arches,  fupporting  a  crown^  with  acrofs 
and  a  globe.  Principal  Leflie  was  for  his  loyalty  thruit  out  by 
the  covenantersy  and  m  his  room  was  elected; 

William  Guilxl,  dodloi:  of  divinity,  miniiler  of  Aberdeen,,  and 
one  of  the  chaplains  to  king  Charles  I.  anno  1 640,  a  learned  and 
worthy  perfon.  lie  built  the  tradefmen's  hofpital  in  Aberdeen, 
left  confiderable  legacies- to  the  poor,. and  bequeathed  his  books  to 
the  library  of  St.  Andrew's. 

Anno  1 649,  the  general  afTembly  gave  a  commifTion  to  fome 
minifters  and. lay-elders  to  reform  the  college,  and  expel  the  ma- 
lignant perfons.  They  thrufl:  out  Dr.  William  Guild,  principal; 
Alexander  Middleton,  fubprincipal;  Patrick  Gordon  and  George 
Middleton,  profefTors  of  philofophy.  The  commiffioners  at  that 
time  did  not-  unanimoufly  agree  whom  to  put  in;  therefore  they 
ordered  the  latter  to  continue  till  his  place  were  fupplicd  by 
another.  Shortly  after,  the  mafters  reflored  the  principal  to  his 
place  in  defpite  of  all  oppohtion. 

But,  anno  1651,  general  Monk  fent  five  colonels  to  reform  the 
college ;  colonels  Fenwick,  Molfey,  Owen,  Difborough,  ami 
Smith. 

At  this  Reformation,  both  principal  and  fabpnincipal  weie  again 
turned  out^ 

Gilbert 


n s  rn s T o R  Y    or    a b e r d e e  n. 

Gilbert  Rewle  was  inftituted  in  the  room  of  the  latter;  and  the 
place  of  the  former  conferred  upon,  anno  1652,  John  Row,  an  in- 
dependant  niinifter  in  Edinburgh,  a  perfon  well  feen  in  the  Latin 
and  Greek,  languages,  and  not  ill  in  the  Hebrew.  In  his  time, 
anno  1 657,  was  laid  the  foundation  of  the  new  work  in  the  North- 
Eaft  corner  of  the  college,  of  fix  (lories  high,  confifting  of  24 
chambejs,  with  chimneys  and  conveniencies,  a  fchool,  and  a  bul- 
liard-houfe.  The  money  that  built  it  was  given  by  the  mafters 
and  other  well-difpofed  perfons,  whofe  names  are  written  in  a  re- 
gifter  called  "  Album  Amicorum  Col.  Regij  Aberdon." 

Mr.  Row  continued  principal  till  anno  1661;   at  which  time 

William  Rait,  minifter  at  Brechin,  was  preferred  to  the  place. 
He  ftaid  only  a  year,  and  returned  to  Brechin. 

Anno  1662,  Alexander  Middleton,  minifter  in  Old  Aberdeen, 
and  fubprincipal  (of  whom  before),  fucceeded  him. 


Professors  of  Divinity. 

The  profefTor  of  divinity  was  founded  by  the  bifhop,  fynod,  and 
college  of  Aberdeen,  anno  162   . 

The  firft  profeffor  was  anno  162   . 

John  Forbes,  do<Slor  of  divinity,  a  moft  pious,  peaceable,  and 
learned  perfon. 

The  reft  are  w^anting. 


An 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  119 


An  account  of  the  University  and  King's  College  of 

Aberdeen. 

The  firft  crcilion  of  the  Univerfity  of  Aberdeen  by  publick  au- 
thority (though  it  be  probable,  that  for  many  years  before  both 
divinity  and  philofophy,  as  alfo  the  civil  and  canon  laws,  were 
publickly  taught  and  profefTed  by  the  canons  of  the  cathedral) 
was  anno  1494,  by  pope  Alexander  VI. ;  who,  at  the  inftance 
and  defire  of  king  James  IV.  by  his  bull  dated  at  Rome, 
4  Id.  Fehruaiy  of  the  aforefaid  year,  ere6ted  in  the  city  of  Old 
Aberdeen,  a  Jludium  generale,  et  Unive^'falitas  Jludij  gener alls'; 
wherein  theology,  canon  and  civil  laws,  medicine,  philofophv, 
and  all  other  liberal  arts  and  fciences  fhoukl  be  publickly 
taught  and  profeffed;  allowing  both  profefTors  and  ftudents  in 
ample  form  all  the  privileges,  liberties,  immunities,  exemptions, 
Scc.  which  were  poffeiTed  by  any  Univeriity  in  any  part  of  the 
world;  and  conftituting  bifliop  William  Elphingfton  and  his  fuc- 
celTors,  bilhopsof  Aberdeen,  in  all  time  coming  chancellors  of  the 
faid  Univerfity,  with  full  power  to  th-em  by  themielves  or  their 
deputes,  to  confer  degrees  in  all  faculties  on  fuch  as  lliould  be 
found  worthy  of  them ;  and  alfo  to  be  fole  judges  in  all  caufes  be- 
longing thereto,  whether  civil  and  criminal,  real,  perfonal,  cr 
mixt;  eccjefiaftical  or  temporal;  {o  that  the  doctors,  profclfors, 
and  ftudents  thereof  fliould  not  be  obliged  to  anfwer  before  any 
other  judge  or  judicatory  whatfoever.  The  which  bull  was  ac- 
cordingly publiflied  by  the  aforefaid  bifhop  William  Elphingfton, 
with  all  the  ufual  folemnities,  in  the  cathedral  church  of  Aber- 
deen, on  the  asth  of  February,  1496,  in  pretence  of  tlie  greatelr 
part  of  the  canons,  and  feveral  other  confiderable  perfons;  and 
alfo,   dodors  and  profeifors  in  all  the  aforenamed  faculties  were 

€f\abli(lie(^ 


iri^b  'HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

eilablillicd  forthwith;  and  ftudents  began  to  flock  thereto  from 
all  quarters;  and  many  of  all  qualities  gave  up  their  names  to  be 
n:iatriculated  as  members  and  iiipports  of  the  faid  Univerfity. 

At  the  fame  time  the  aforefaid  Pope  Alexander  VI.  at  the  defire 
alfo  of  king  James  IV.  did  gift  and  dote  for  maintainance  of  doc- 
tors and  profciTors  of  the  faid  Univerlity,  all  the  rents  and  revenues 
of  the  hofpital  of  St.  Germains  in  I.othian;  \\hich  confided  chiefly 
of  the  tithes  of  the  pariflies  of  Aberluthnot,  Glenmuik,  and  Glen- 
garden,  together  with  many  fmall  annuities  paid  out  of  lands  and 
houfes,  fcattered  up  and  dowh  through  Lothian,  Fyffe,  Angu.«, 
Mernis,and  Aberdeenfliire;  all  which  the  aforefiiid  bifliop  William 
Elphingfton  took  legal  pofleflion  of,  by  the  refignation  of  Tho- 
mas Pyot,  mailer  of  the  faid  hoipital,  and  the  reft,  who  were  cu- 
rates at  the  aforefaid  kirks;  and  did  accordingly  diftribute  them 
among  the  faid  profeflbrs,  as  he  judged  moft  fit  and  expedient. 

Afterwards,  anno  1498,  king  James  IV.  beltowed  on  them  all 
the  tithes,  both  great  and  fmall,  of  the  parifli  of  Slains  in  Buchan, 
together  with  fome  annuities  payable  out  of  fome  lands  lying  with- 
in the  fliire  of  Banff",  and  withal  ratified  and  confirmed  all  the  pri- 
vileges granted  formerly  by  the  pope  in  as  ample  a  form  as  could 
be  ;  allowing  them  whatever  the  moft  chriftian  F'rench  kings  had 
conferred  on  the  Univerfity  of  Paris,  or  whatever  his  royal  proge- 
nitors king  James  I.  and  II.  had  beftowed  on  the  Univerfities  of 
St.  Andrew's  and  Glafgow ;  appointing  particularly  the  flierifF  of 
Aberdeen  or  his  depute,  the  provoft  of  Aberdeen,  and  the  bifliop 
of  Aberdeen,  his  bailiff"  of  the  city  of  Old  Aberdeen,  confervators 
of  their  privileges,  with  as  full  power  and  jurifdicftion  as  had  been 
granted  to  the  confervators  of  the  Univerfity  of  Paris,  or  any  other 
Univerfity  whatfoever. 

Some  few  years  after  this,  about  anno  1500,  bifliop  Elphing- 

fton  built  a  very  ftately  college,  afllgning  to  all  the  prefent  pro- 

7  feflTors 


HISTORY      OF      ABERDEEN.  lai 

feffors  and  ftudents  different  lodgings  and  accommodations;  and 
founding  alio  levetal  other  perfons  therein,  to  the  number  at 
firft  of  36;  afterwards  enlarging  them  to  42,  to  all  wliom  he  ap- 
pointed their  proper  offices,  manfions,  and  callings,  with  a  delire, 
no  doubt,  that  others  whom  God  fhould  blefs  with  the  like  mea,.s 
lliould  after  his  example  do  the  like  forthe  glory  of  God,  and  en- 
couragement and  advancement  of  religion,  learning,  and  virtue. 
Which  college  was  appointed  at  firft  to  be  calletl  Collegium  S.  Maria 
in  Nativitate',  afterwards  (the  king  taking  it  into  his  own  pecu- 
liar protedion)  T'be  King's  College  of  Aberdeen  ^  by  which  name  it 
has  always  been  defigned  to  this  day. 

The  perfons  founded  therein  are  thefe  following:-  Firft,  Four 
doflors  in  the  four  principal  faculties. 

The  firft  in  theology,  who  is  appointed  to  be  called  principal, 
to  whom  all  the  reft  are  lubjed:,  and  to  whom  is  committed  the 
whole  government  of  the  college;  who  is  alfo  bound  by  his  office 
in  his  dotSlrinal  habit,  after  the  manner  of  the  doctors  of  Paris,  to 
teach  theology,  omnibus  diebus  legibilibus^  and  alfo  to  preach-  tlie 
word  of  God  unto  the  people. 

The  fecond  in  the  canon  law,  who  is  alfo  bound  in  his  dodoral 
habit,  ut  fupra^  to  teach  either  in  his  manfe  or  in  Ecclejia  Beatce 
Maria  ad  Nives^  commonly  called  the  Snow  Kirk,  whereof  he  was 
alfo  appointed  redcr,  and  obliged  to  maintain  on  his  own  charges 
a  vicar  in  the  faid  church,  pro  cura  animarum. 

The  third,  in  the  civil  law,  and  the  fourth  in  medicine;  obliged 
alfo  both  of  them  to  teach  in  their  refped^ive  faculties,  after  the 
manner  above-written. 

All  thefe  four  ought  to  be  doftors  in  the  rei^pe<51:ive  faculties  be- 
fore ever  they  be  admitted  to  thefe  ^\-^K.^%,fi  comtnode  baberipoffint, 
otherwife  at  leaft  licentiated;  who,  within  a  year  after  their  ad- 
mifTion,  fhall  caufe  themfelves  to  be  promoted  to  the  aforcfaid 
degrees, 

R  Next 


I  2  £  iU  S  T  O  R  Y      OF      ABERDEEN. 

ijx-Next  to  tbeie  are  appointed  eight  niafters  of  arts.  The  firli 
whereof  is  appointed  to  be  fubprincipai,  being  adjorned  to  the 
principal  in  the  adminiliration  of  all  things  belonging  to  the  col- 
lege, and  in  his  abfence  liaving  the  fole  adminiilratioii  and  go- 
vernment ;  who  alfo  ought  to  be  at  leall  batchelor  in  theology, 
and  to  have  his  leifons  (nt  fupra)  within  the  college,  both  in  the- 
ology and  alfo  in  philolophy  and  arts;  and  to  whom  alibis  com- 
mitted the  whole  difciplinc  and  correction  of  all  the  ftudents  in 
college,  whether  in  philofophy  or  theology. 

The  fecond,  grammarian;  w^ho  is  to  have  the  charge  of  the 
grammar-fchool,  and  to  teach  grammar,  rhetohck,  and  poetry. 

The  other  fix  are  appointed  to  be  Undents  in  theology,  until 
fuch  time  as  they  are  capable  of  being  promoted  to  the  degree  of 
do6lorate  in  that  iaculty,  which  is  only  for  the  fpacc  of  fix  years, 
after  which  they  ought  to  receive  the  faid  degree,  and  to  be  re- 
moved, and  their  places  filled  with  others. 

There  was  afterwards  a  fpecial  hidultum  granted  by  pope 
Paul  III.  anno  153B,  to  bifliop  Elphingfion,  and  his  fucceflbrs 
bifiiops  of  Aberdeen,  to  continue  the  faid  fiudents  during  pleafure, 
after  the  expiring  of  the  aforefaid  fix  years,  in  cafe  either  of  want 
of  others  qualified  to  be  put  in  their  places,  or  any  of  them  had 
not  attained  to  fuch  a  meafure  of  knowledoe  as  fitted   them  for 

O 

the  aforefaid  degree,  but  were  defirous  to  ftudy  for  fomc  longer 
time  in  order  thereto. 

Of  thefe  fix  alfo  are  appointed  to  be  chofen  two  or  three,  cum 
opus  fuerit,  at  the  pleafure  of  the  principal  and  fubprincipal,  ad  re- 
;ientiam  in  artibiis^  who  are  bound  to  teach  philofophy  and  arts 
to  the  fi:udents,  and  are  therefore  defigned  regeiites  artium. 

All  thefe  fix  alfo  are  obliged  l)y  the  foundation,  after  they  have 
received  the  degree  of  batchelor  (which  ought  to  be  within  three 
years  after  admiffion,  under  pain  of  deprivation)  to  read  theology 
publickly,  more  Baccalaiireorum  Farifieyifium\  as  alfo  in  the  eves 

of 


HISTORY      OF     ABERDEEN.  123 

of  all  the  greater  feftivals  to  ])reach  in  'Lzt'in  per  "oices  in  the  chapel 
of  faid  college,  before  the  principal  and  all  the  mafters  and  ftu- 
flents;  as  alio  after  dinner  and  fupper,  to  ledure  upon  that  por- 
tion of  fcriptare  which  is  read  by  one  of  the  ftudents  of  philofophy 
before  meat. 

After  thefe,  are  apiX)inted  three  batchelors  and  iludents  in  the 
laws ;  two  in  the  civil  and  one  in  the  canon  law,  who  ought  to  at- 
tend the  piA)lic  leiTons  in  the  laws,  and  alfo  to  read  the  inititutions 
thereof,  more  Baccalaureorum;  and  one  of  them  further  to  of- 
ficiate a<;  chaplain  of  St.  Maiy  Magdalen's  in  St.  Nicholas's  church 
in  Aberdeen,  having  the  profits  and  emoluments  of  that  chap- 
lainry  aHlgned  him  for  his  falary.  And  all  thefe  aforenamed  per- 
fons,  both  doctors,  mafters,  batchelors,  ftudents  (the  mediciner 
only  excepted)  are  bound  by  the  foundation  to  bepriefts;  at  leaft 
thrice  a  week  to  fay  mafs,  and  perform  holy  things. 

But  belide  all  thefe,  there  are  founded  further,   13  burfars  or 
ftudents    in    artibus\    the   two  firft    rliereof  (fi  cofnmode  haberi 
PqlJint)   are  to  be  of  the  furname  of  Elphingfton ;   and  the  three 
next  of  the  pariflies  of  Aberluthnot,  Glenmuik,  Glengarden,  and 
Slains,  or  out  of  every  one  of  them  and  both;   and  the  reft  of  them 
ought  to  be  fuch  as  their  parents  are  not  able  on  their  own  proper 
charges  to  entertain  at  the  Univerfity,  and  are  therefore  to  be  main- 
tained gratis  in  the  faid  college  at  the  ftudy  of  philofophy,   until 
fuch  time  as  they  be  promoted  to  thedegreeof  mailer  of  arts;  which 
is  to  be  three  and  a  half  years  ;  after  which  they  are  to  be  removed, 
and  others  to  be  put   in  their  places.      And,  when  any  of  the 
aforefaid  burfars  in  theology  are  vacant,  thefe  according  to  their 
foundation  are  to  be  preferred.      As  alfo  when  any  of  the  aforei'aid 
prebends,  viz.  principal,  canonift,  civilift,  mediciner,  fubprincipal,. 
or  grammarian  ftiall  happen  to  vacate,  one  of  the  college  who  fliall 
be  judged  fitteft  is  to  be  preferred;   and  if  none  within  the  col' 

R   2,  lege 


124  HISTORY      OF      ABERDEEN. 

lege  be  found  qualified,  one  out  of  the  fame  (extra  idem),  but  ftill 
of  the  Univerfity,  who  is  otherwife  mhabilis,  fo  long  as  any  of  the 
aforefaid  perfons  fliall  be  found  capable. 

There  are  further  founded  eight  prebendary  priefts  (oBo  facer- 
dotes  pj-ebendarij),  the  firll  whereof  is  appointed  to  be  called  Cantor, 
vvhofe  office  is  to  order  the  tune  and  mufick.  thereof,  and  other 
things  of  that  nature  belonging  to  divine  fervice;  as  alfo  by  him- 
felf  to  keep  a  mufick  fchool,  and  to  teach  and  inftruiSl  in  that  fci- 
ence  all  fuch  as  are  willing  to  learn. 

The  fecond  is  called  Sacrift,  to  whom  is  committed  the  care  of 
the  church,  the  bells,  and  the  hours  of  divine  fervice,  and  all  the 
ornaments  and  other  neceffary  utenfils  belonging  thereto. 

The  other  fix  are  called  Capellani  Chori,  whofe  office  is  with 
the  other  two  to  perform  the  daily  fervice  morning  and  evening, 
and  at  other  canonical  hours.  Every  one  of  tbefe,  before  he  be 
admitted,  is  to  give  a  fpecimen  of  his  fufficient  knowledge  in 
grammar  and  mufick;  and  alfo  to  make  choice  of  fome  one  of 
the  aforefaid  faculties,  wherein  he  is  to  ftudy  and  improve  him- 
felf,  that  he  may  be  the  better  fitted  for  the  fervice  of  God. 

Lafl:  of  all,  for  fulfilling  the  aforefaid  number,  are  founded  fix 
finging  boys  (puernli  cboriales),  having  good  clear  voices,  and  be- 
ing billed  in  mufick;  who  are  bound,  with  the  aforefaid  piieflis 
and  chaplains,  at  all  hours  to  be  prefent  at  divine  fervice;  and 
alfo  to  fiiudy  diligently  in  one  or  other  the  aforefaid  faculties.  For 
the  accommodation  of  all  thefe  founded  perfons,  the  aforefaid  bi- 
fliop  William  Elphingfton  built  (as  has  been  faid  before)  a  very 
(lately  college,  confifting  of  an  entire  court,  M'ith  chapter,  hall, 
fchool s,  chambers,  and  all  other  neceflTaries,  all  covered  with  lead; 
and  affigned  lodgings  to  the  principal,  fubprincipal,  and  all  ftu- 
xlents  both  of  theology  and  philofophy  within  the  gates  thereof, 
with  all  defireable  eafements  and  accommodations. 

For 


HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN.  125 

For  the  reft  he  built  particular  and  diftin(St  manies,  with  gardens, . 
and  all  other  neceflaries,  without  the  college,  viz.  tor  the  canon'ill-, 
civilift,  mediciner,  and  grammarian,  appointing  them  to  have 
their  lelTons  in  their  own  manfes,  which  were  furnilhed  with  all 
conveniences  for  that  efFedl,  as  if  they  had  been  lb  many  little 
colleges.  He  appointed  alfo  to  be  built  chambers  and  other  ac- 
commodations for  the  chaplains  and  finging  boys,  which  was  af- 
terwards begun,  and  brought  fome  length,  though  not  perfeflied, 
by  bifliop  William  Stewart,  in  a  more  commodious  and  convenient 
place  than  had  been  appointed  by  bilhop  Elphingfton,  which  is 
now  allotted  to  the  principal  for  his  dwelling  houfe,  but  yet  goes 
commonly  under  the  name  of  Chaplain's  Chambers.  But  above 
all,  the  church  or  chapel  was  furniflied  and  adorned  with  as  great 
variety  of  rich  and  fplendid  ornaments  as  any  church  or  chapel 
in  Scotland,  either  for  altars,  images,  pictures,  crofTes,  crucifixes, 
monftrances,  eucharifts,  chalices,  lamps,  candlefticks,  vellments, 
hangings,  bells,  or  any  other  things,  ufual  in  churches  in  thofe 
days.  A  particular  inventory  whereof  and  regifter  is  ftill  extant 
in  the  chanter  cheft  of  the  faid  college,  amounting  to  an  incredible 
value, 

For  maintainance  alfo  of  the  aforefaid  perfons,  the  fame  bifliop 
Elphingfton,  befide  the  former  mortifications  of  the  hofpital  of  St. 
Germain's,  and  parfonage  and  vicarage  of  Slains,  which  were  prin- 
cipally by  his  procurement,  mortified  feveral  other  confiderable 
things,  and  by  his  intereft  and  authority  in  the  country,  and 
chiefly  by  his  good  example,  moved  feveral  other  perfons  both 
churchmen  and  laicks  to  do  the  like;  infbmurh  as  to  every  one 
of  the  aforefaid  perfons  was  allotted  a  diftindl  though  mean  falary, 
imtil  fuch  time  as  it  fhall  pleafe  God  to  move  the  liearts  of  others 
to  beftow  more  liberally  upon  them. 

Afterwards,  about  the  time  of  the  Reformation,  or  fliortly  after, 
they  received  a  confiderable  accellion  from  King  James  VI.  who 

firft 


'I  O     V  f. 


126  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

firft  beftowed  upon  tliera  (anno  1574)  the  flibchantery  of  Aber- 
deen commonly  called  the  Spital,  the  parfonage  and  vicarage  of 
Furvie,  the  chnplainries  of  Wefthall  and  Fallowroule,  and  all  the 
rents  and  revenues  of  the  Carmelite  friers  in  BantF. 

Afterwards,  1574,  the  v.hole  deanry  of  Aberdeen  M^as  refigned 
in  their  favour  by  Mr.  Robert  Maitland,  dean  for  the  time,  with  a 
refervation  thereqf  for  the  faid  Mr.  Robert's  life- time;  and  again, 
1586,  the  parfonage  of  Methlick  v^^as  refigned  alfo  in  their  favour 
with  the  like  .refervation  by  Mr.  Walter  Stewart,  principal  of  the 
faid  college,  who  enjoyed  the  faid  benefice  for  the  time.  Thefe 
three  mortifications^  efpecially  the  deanry,  make  up  the  greateft 
part  of  the  revenues  at  pr.efent  poffeifed  by  them;  by  which  means 
alfo  the  principal  of  the  faid  college  is  now  always  dean,  the  fub- 
principal  fubchantor,  and  the  eldeft  regent  parfon  of  Methlick. 

Yet  as  the  Reformation  made  a  confiderable  accellion  to  their 
revenues,  fo  it  produced  a  great  change  in  their  foundation  and 
conrtitution.  For  not  only  were  all  the  prefent  incumbents  de- 
pofed  for  poperv  and  fuperftition,  but  alfo  the  greateft  part  of  their 
offices  totally  fupprelTed  and  aboliflied;  and,  in  a  word,  nothing 
left  but  the  office  of  principal,  fubprincipal,  three  regents,  and  a 
grammarian  or  humanift,  together  with  feme  few  burfars  in  phi- 
lofophy ;  and  accordingly  there  was  a  new  foundation  drawn,  anno 
1592,  much  after  the  model  of  the  foundation  made  fome  time 
before  for  St.  Andrew's  and  Glafgow^,  w  hich  foundation  ftill  con- 
tinued in  ufe  till  about  anno  1619,  when  bifliop  Patrick  Forbes 
obtained  a  ratification  and  renovation  of  the  old  foundation  in  par- 
liament, to  remain  in  full  force  and  vigour  in  all  time  coming;  and 
accordingly  reftored  fome  of  the  chief  offices  formerly  abolifhed; 
viz.  canonifi:,  civilift,  and  mediciiier,  wdiich  for  the  moft  part  have 
ftill  fince  continued,  with  a  pur])ofe  alio  to  have  reftored  ail  the 
other  members  and  offices,  at  leaft  in  fo  far  ^s.thcy  were  confift- 
ent  w  ith  the  prefent  eftabliflied  reformed  religion  ;  but  being  pre- 
vented 


-l^ISTOrx.Y^    OF     ABERDEExN.  127 

'■'    '  ■-  '  ^^  '■  ■       i  r.  O  7.-  Z  F  H  B:i 

veil  ted  by  death,  and  our  late  national  troubles  fallin;;-  in  niortlv 
after,  never  any  thing  was  done  in  order  to  it,  nor  caiVrcHlbnably 
be  expecfled , to  be  done,  except  cur  governors  be  pleated  to  take 
into  their  confideration  the  meanneis  of  the  prefetit  reVenties  of 
the  college,  which  after  all  the  improvements  that  the  prefent  in- 
cumbents have  been  able  to  miike  of  it  is  lb  rnean  and  inconiidera- 
ble  it  were  a  fliame  to  name  the  mafters  lalaries  in  print.      In  the 
mean  time  the  aforcfaid  firft  foundation  haili  been  ratified  in  all 
the  fucceeding  parliaments  lawfully  held  lince  that  time,  and  re- 
mains prefently  in  vigour  in  the  faid  college,  aC  leaft-  lb  far  as  it 
was  authorized  by  the  aforefaid  billiop  Patrick  Fbrbes,  in  manner 
above  fet  down.      The  filHng  of  all  the  aforefaid  places  and  offices 
goes  by  eledion  after  this  manner.      The  principal  is  chofen  by 
the  red:or  of  the  Univerfity,    xhz  Procuratores  Nationum  (for  all 
the  fub-poil:s  of  the  Univerfity  according  to  the  ufual  cuftom  are 
divided  into  four  nations,  viz.  Aberdeen,  Murray,  Angus,  and  Lo- 
thian] the  dodors  of  the  canon  and  civil  and  civil  laws,  the  medi- 
ciner,  .the  fabprincipal.,  the  grammarian,  the  Regentes  Artium^  and 
other  fludents  of  theology,  the  cantor,  and  facrift,  or  the  greateit 
part  thereof,  and  is  admitted  by  the  chancellor  of  the  UniverfityJ 
The  canonill  by  the   aforefaid  re6tor  and  procuratores,  the  prin- 
cipal and  fubprincipal,  civilift,  mediciner,   and  grammarian,  and 
admitted  likewife  by  the  chancellor.    The  civiliil,  v/ith  the  batche- 
lors  and  iludents  of  the  laws,  by  the  recStor  and  procuratores,  prin- 
cipal and  fubprincipal,  canonift,  mediciner,  and  grammarian,  ami 
admitted  by  the  chancellor.      The  mediciner  by  the  re<5lor  and 
procuratores,  the  principal  and  fubprincipal,  the  canonift,  civilill, 
and  grammarian,  and  admitted  by  the  chancellor.      The  fubprin- 
cipal by  the  rector  and  procuratores,  the  four  doctors,  the  gram- 
marian, regents,  and  Iludents  in  theology,  and  admitted  by  the 
chancellor.      The  grammarian  by  tlie  re6tor  and  procuratores,  the 
four  doctors,  the  fubprincipal,  regents,  and  Undents  in  theology, 
:.  .,.  cantor. 


128  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

cantor,  and  facrift,  and  adnaitted  by  the  chancellor.  The  ftudents 
of  theology  and  philoibphy  by  the  fubprincipal,  regents,  gram- 
marian, canonift,  civiUit,  mediciner,  and  admitted  by  the  principal. 
The  cantor  and  facritt  by  the  principal,  fubprincipal,  canonist, 
civileft,  mediciner,  grammarian,  and  regents,  and  admitted  by  the 
chancellor.  The  other  fix  prebendarii  chori  by  the  recSlor,  fub- 
principal, doctors  of  the  law  and  medicine,  grammarian,  cantor, 
and  facrift,  and  admitted  by  the  principal.  The  fix  chori  tiers 
bv  the  fubprincipal,  regents,  grammarian,  cantor,  and  facrifl:,  and 
admitted  by  the  principal.  Where  it  is  obfervable,  that  every  one 
of  thefe  eledions  difFereth  in  fomething  from  all  the  reft;  particu- 
larly the  principal's  is  by  all  members  or  major  em  partem^  but  the 
reft  neither  by  all  nor  the  greateft  part  of  the  eledors;  but  to 
them  is  fubjoined  this  following  claufe,  Volnmus  aute?n  ut  in  om- 
nibus ijlls  ele^ionibus^  Jett  nominationibus^  principalis  didii  coUegij 
habeat  vocem  ek^livam,  feu  naminativam  ^  conclufivam^  which 
proportion  hath  been  the  occafion  of  many  jars  betwixt  the  prin- 
cipal and  the  reft  of  the  members  anent  their  elecftions;  they 
contending  that  all  ftiould  by  plurality  of  voices ;  and  he  claiming 
by  the  aforefaid  claufe  as  much  as  will  at  leaft  amount  lo  a  ne- 
gative. And  it  were  very  defirable  that  authority  fliould  give 
the  fenfe  thereof,  to  be  a  ftanding  rule  in  all  times  coming,  which 
might  be  a  means  to  prevent  all  divifions  and  difcords  among  them 
for  the  future. 

In  the  mean  time  it  is  further  expreflly  provided,  that  if  the 
eledlors  do  not  eledl  within  a  month  after  the  vacancy  conform  to 
the  aforefaid  method,  the  place  fliall  be  filled  for  that  vice  by  the 
chancellor  of  the  Univerfity;  or  in  the  vacancy  of  the  fee  by  the 
commiftioner  of  Aberdeen. 

Out  of  the  aforefaid  number  one  is  yearly  to  be  chofen  com- 
mon procurator  of  the  college,  whofe  office  is  to  collect  and  diftri- 
bute  according  to  the  foundation  all  the  rents  of  the  faid  college, 
I  and 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  129 

alfo  to  grant  charters,  leafes,  and  tacks  to  the  vaflals,  tackfmcn, 
and  other  tenants,  for  the  profit,  welfare,  and  utility  of  the  college, 
but  not  without  advice  and  confent  of  the  mafters  his  conflitucnts, 
or  major  part  thereof.  He  is  yearly  to  make  conipt  to  the  college  of 
his  innomiffions,  and  alfo  to  give  fuflicient  caution  and  furety  ere 
he  be  admitted  to  that  office. 

There  is  moreover  to  be  chofen,  at  the  pleafure  of  the  princi- 
pal, fubprincipal,  and  regents,  an  xconomus  or  provifor,  who  is 
bound  to  keep  a  table  within  the  college  to  the  principal,  mafters, 
and  burfars,  at  the  expence  of  the  college,  and  alfo  to  fuch  other 
Undents  on  their  own  charges  as  the  principal  and  mafters  (hall 
think  fit  to  admit  thereto. 

There  are  alfo  to  be  chofen,  in  cafe  of  vacancy,  by  the  princi- 
pal and  mafters,  the  vicarij  penfionarij^  or  the  minifters  and 
curates  of  thofe  chvirches  whereof  the  college  hath  the  tithes,  and 
confequently  the  patronage;  viz.  Aberluthot,  Glemuick,  and  Glen- 
garden,  Slains,  Methlick,  Old  Machar,  and  New-hills,  which  three 
laft  are  all  of  the  deanry  above-written. 

Laftof  all  it  is  appointed  by  the  foundation,  that  yearly  fliall 
be  chofen  the  re6tor  of  the  tJniverlity,  who  whether  he  be  a 
member  of  the  college  or  not  (which  though  he  may  be,  yet  now 
that  there  are  more  colleges  in  the  Univerlity  is  neither  ufual  nor 
to  any  purpofe,  as  will  prefently  appear)  muft  always  be  one  acTtu- 
ally  refident  within  the  bounds  of  the  Univerfity,  who  (providing 
he  be  not  de  gremio  Colkgii,  in  which  the  commiffioner  of  Aber- 
deen) is  bound  by  the  counfel  and  advice  of  four  afleftbrs,  mafters 
of  arts  of  the  Univerfity,  and  ta  be  chofen  alfo  and  deputed  for 
that  effed;  by  the  Univerlity  once  ever  year,  to  villt  the  faid  col- 
lege, tarn  in  capite  quam  in  membris,  all  the  dodtqrs,  j^rofeflbrs, 
ftudents,  and  other  members  thereof;  and  to  fearch  and  enquire 
whether  all  things  be  rightly  gone  about,  accordingly  to  the  order 
of  the  foundation ;  and  whatever  fhall  be  found  amifs  to  put  in 

S  writing, 


130  HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 

\vriting,  and  reprefent  it  to  the  chancellor  of  the  Univerfity,  who 
by  the  advice  of  the  aforefaid  vifitors  is  bound  to  reform  and  amend 
the  fame,  as  he  fhall  anfwer  to  God. 

And  if  the  faid  vifitors  fhall  either  be  wanting  or  negligent  in 
their  vifitation  every  year  with  the  folemnity  and  uprightnefs  that 
is  requifite,  then  the  aforefaid  chancellor  by  himfelf  may  and  ought 
to  do  it  in  manner  above  written,  being  charged  by  the  founda- 
tion to  do  fo,  as  he  fhall  make  his  account  to  God. 


Here  followcth  a  Lift  of  all  fuch  as  have  been  Masters  and  Pro- 
fessors in  the  King's  College  of  A.berdeen;  as  alfo  offome 
other  famous  x)erfons  educated  therein. 


I.  Principals. 

1.  He(5lor  Boethius  was  the  firfl  principal  whom  bifliop  El- 
phingfton  brought  purpofely  out  of  France  for  that  end,  together 
with  Mr.  William  Gray  to  be  fubrincipal ;  both  of  them  at  that 
time  profefling  philofophy  in  the  Univerlity  of  Paris.  He  was  the 
author  of  that  famous  Chronicle  of  Scotland  called  "  Boyes's  Chro- 
nicle." He  received  his  degree  of  do6tor  in  the  fame  college,  after 
he  was  principal  thereof. 

2.  Mr.  William  Gray,  fubprincipal,  prefently  fpoken  of,  fuc- 
ceeded  principal  after  Boyes's  death,  and  lived  till  about  anno 
1540. 

3.  Mr.  John  Biflat,  regent  in  the  faid  college,  fucceeded  (as 
fliould  appear),  by  a  prefentation  from  the  pope,  which  was  ex- 
preflly  contrary  to  the  foundation.  For  afterwards,  anno  1551, 
he  rcfigned  his  principality  into  the  pope's  hands  in  favour  of  Mr. 

Alexander 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  131 

Alexander  Anderfon,  fiibpriiicipul,  who  (it  feems)  was  his  comj  e- 
titor  for  the  place,  and  was  ever  after  daring  the  faid  Mr.  Bifl'at's 
life,  which  was  till  about  anno  1559?  defigned  in  all  publitk  writes 
fubprinc'ipalis  Collegij  regalis  Aberdoneri.  ^  officio  principalis. 

4.  Mr.  Alexander  Anderfon,  fiibprincipal,  fucceeded  fole  prin- 
cipal after  Mr.  Biffat's  death.  In  his  time  fell  out  the  Reformation, 
wherein  together  with  all  the  mafters  he  was  depofed,  anno  i  569, 
by  a  vilitation  appointed  by  the  general  aifembly,  the  Earlof  Alur- 
ray,  regent,  being  perfonally  prefent  at  the  depofition.  He  was 
efteemed  a  man  both  pious  and  learned,  and  alfo  very  a6live  and 
fit  for  his  employment.  He  kept  on  the  lead  upon  the  fabrick, 
and  defended  the  college,  manii  forti^  from  being  facked  in  the 
time  of  the  Reformation;  but  afterw^ards,  finding  all  things  going 
to  wTeck  and  ruin  (as  he  fuppofed),  he  conveyed  aw^ay  all  the  or- 
naments and  JQcalia  of  the  college  privately,  and  thought  to  have 
done  fo  with  the  writes  and  evidents  of  the  charter  chelt  alfo,  but 
was  prevented.  He  was  parfon  of  Mortullich  alfo,  and  vicar  of 
Kinkell.  He  lived  feveral  years  obfcurely  in  Aberdeen  after  his 
depofition,  and  died  there. 

5.  Mr.  Alexander  Arbuthnot,  parfon  of  Arbuthnot,  was  put  in 
after  Mr.  Anderfon's  depofition,  anno  1569;  by  his  procurement 
the  deanry  and  fubchantery  were  Qbtajned.to  the  college.  He  died 
in  Odober  1583.  ",',.- 

6.  Mr.  Walter  Stewart,  fubprincipal,  fucceeded  anno  1584,  and 
died  1593,  not  being  paft  36  years  of  age;  a  man  much  ell:eemed 
both  for  learning  and  prudence.  He  had  the  parfonage  of  Moth- 
lick,  and  refigned  it  to  the  college,  as  was  faid  before. 

7.  Mr.  David  Rait,  fubprincipal,  fucceeded,  and  was  afterwards 
graduated  do6tor  of  divinity,  being  the  firft  that  received  the  de- 
gree in  the  college  after  the  Reformation.  He  lived  till  annc^ 
1632,  having  borne  office  within  the  college  , as  regent,  fubprin- 
cipal,   and  principal  about  50  years.     In  his  time  the  office  of 

S   2  canonift 


132  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

canonift,  civilift,  Sec.  were  revived  by  archbifliop  Patrick  Forbe% 
as  were  faid  before. 

8.  Dr.  William  Leflie,  fubprincipal,  fucceeded  after  Dr.  Rait's^ 
death;   he  received  the  degrees  l)oth  of  batchelor  and  doctor  while 
he  was  fubprincipal;   he  was  in  very  great  efteem  for  his  learn- 
ing, beijig  one  of  the  do6lors  of  Aberdeen  who  wrote  the  Duplies^ 
&.C.      He  was  depofed  for  his  refufing  the  covenant,  anno  1639. 

9.  Dr.  William  Guild,  minifter  of  Aberdeen,  was  made  prin-^ 
cipal  after  Dr.  Leflie's  depofition,  anno  1641 ;  he  was  a  man  very 
fit  for  government,  and  recftified  and  reformed  many  abufes,  which 
had  crept  formerly  into  the  college,  and  eflablillied  good  order  and 
difcipline  among  the  Ifudents.  He  Was  alfo  depofed  by  the  Eng- 
lilli  in  the  time  of  Ufurpation,  anno  1652. 

10.  Mr.  John  Row,  minifter  of  Aberdeen,  was  put  in  princi- 
pal by  the  Englifh  after  Dr.  Guild's  depofition;  and  was  alfo  put 
out  again  at  the  King's  reftoration,  anno  i66r.  He  was  fkilled 
in  the  Hebrew  tongue,  and  took  great  pains  in  teaching  the  ftu- 
dents  the  fame.  .;>{  i.*.. 

1 1.  Mr.  William  Rait,  minifter  at  Brichen,  was  chofen  prin- 
cipal after  Mr.  John  Row,  but  continued  only  a  year,  and  was 
tranfported  to  be  minifter  at  Dundee,  having  never  fettled  at 
Aberdeen.  He  had  been  regent  in  the  college,  and  was  a  man  of 
known  repute  both  for  learning  and  piety. 

T  2.  Mr.  Alexander  Middleton,  formerly  fubprincipal,  but 
then  minifter  at  Old  Aberdeen,  entered  principal  anno  1663.  He 
had  been  depofed  from  the  fubprincipality  by  the  Englifli  at  the 
fame  time  with  Dr.  Guild;  and  after  Mr.  Rait's  tranfportation 
was  again  reftored  principal,  and  was  living  1683,  having  been 
eight  years  regent,  eleven  fubprincipal,  and  twenty  principal  of 
the  faid  college. 

•  13.   Dr.  George  Middleton  fucceeded  his  father  Mr.  Alexander 
Middleton  in  the  office  of  principalftiip  in  the  King's  college  of 

Old 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  133 

Old  Aberdeen.  He  was  firft  minifter  at  Glamms ;  but  being  called 
to  the  college,  he  was  five  years  regent,  feven  fubprincipal,  and 
thirty- five  principal.  He  was  graduated  dodtor  of  divinity  by  the 
archbilhop  of  St.  Andrew's.  He  was  a  great  humanift  and  phi- 
loibpher,  a  found  divine,  and  of  a  circumfped:  life  and  converfa- 
tion;  notwithftanding  the  prefbyterians  turned  him  out  of  his 
poll,  and  with  him  Mr.  John  Gordon,  civiliil,  Dr.  James  Urquhart, 
and  Mr.  Richard  Gordon,  regents,  anno  1 7 1 7 . 


Canonists. 

1.  Mr.  Arthur  Boyes,  brother  to  the  aforefaid  Hedtor  Boyes, 
principal,  was  the  firfl  canonift. 

2.  Mr,  John  Sinclair,  utriufque  juris  licentiatus. 

3.  Mr.  /ohn  Spittal. 

4.  Mr.  John  Leflie,  U.  J.  G.  He  was  alfo  commiiTioner  of 
Aberdeen,  and  parfon  of  Oyne ;  and  afterwards  bifliop  of  Rofs, 
famous  for  his  fidelity  to  Queen  Mary. 

5 .  Mr.  Andrew  Leflie. 

6.  Mr.  Alexander  Cheyne,  commillioner  of  Aberdeen. 

7.  Mr.  William  Anderfon  was  the  firft  canonift  when  the 
office  was  reftored  161 9;  he  was  only  titular,  and  had  no  fa- 
lary. 

8.  Mr.  James  Sandilands,  commiflioner  of  Aberdeen,  J.  U.  D. 

9.  Mr.  James  Sandilands,  fon  to  the  atorefaid  Mr.  James,  after- 
wards civilift. 

I  o.  Mr.  Robert  Forbes,  who  was  laft  in  that  office. 


CiVIUSTS. 


134  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

CiVILISTS. 

r    I.  Mr.  Nichol  Hay,  commiflloner  of  Aberdeen,  v/as  the  firft, 
1.  Mr.  Thomas  Nicolfon,  commillioner  of  Aberdeen. 

3.  Mr.  Roger  Mowat,  advocate  m  Edinburgh. 

4.  Mr.  James  Sandilands,  younger,  formerly  canonift. 

5.  Mr.  Patrick  Gordon,  formerly  regent  and  afterwards  hu- 
manilt. 

6.  Mr.  Wilham  Johnfton,  formerly  regent. 

7.  Sir  George  Nicolfon  of  Kemnay,  one  of  the  fenators  of  the 
college  of  j  uftice . 

:^      {  ■«-- 

Mediciners. 

1.  Mr.  James  Gumming  was  the  firft. 

2.  Mr.  Robert  Gray. 

3.  Mr.  Gilbert  Skene. 

4.  Mr.  Patrick  Dun,  afterwards  principal  of  the  Marifchal  college, 

5.  Dr.  William  Gordon. 

6.  Dr.  Andrew  Moore. 

7.  Dr.  Patrick  Urquh art,  prefently  in  office.  w    .ij 

"'"    8.  Dr.  Gregory,  immediately  after  Dr.  Urquhart's  death,  fuc* 
ceeded,  anno  172,5,  and  is  prefently  in  office. 

SUBPRINCIPALS. 

1.  Mr.  William  Gray  was  the  firft  fubprincipal,  being  brought 
from  Paris  for  that  end,  as  was  fiiid  before.  He  entered  principal 
after  He6tor  Boyes's  death.  2.  Mr. 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  135 

2.  Mr.  Alexander  Anderfon  was  the  fecond,  and  entered  princi- 
pal after  Biflat's  death. 

3.  Mr.  Andrew  Galloway  fucceeded,  when  Anderfon  v/as  made 
principal,  and  was  put  out  with  him  at  the  Reformation. 

4.  Mr.  James  Lawfon  was  made  fubprincipal  at  the  Reforma- 
tion, when  Mr.  Arbuthnot  was  made  principal;  he  continued  but 
three  years,  and  then  fucceeded  minifter  at  Edinburgh  in  the  place 
of  John  Knox. 

5.  Mr.  William  Stewart  was  the  next  fubprincipal,  who  entered 
principal  after  Mr.  Arbuthnofs  death. 

6.  Mr.  David  Rait  fucceeded  him  both  in  the  offices  of  princi- 
pal and  fubprincipal. 

7.  Mr.  Peter  Venep,  who  died  in  that  office. 

8.  Mr.  John  Chamber,  afterwards  minifter  of  Keith. 

9.  Mr.  Patrick  Guthrie,  afterwards  minifter  of  Logic. 

10.  Mr.  William  Forbes,  afterwards  parfon  of  Mortullich. 

1 1.  Mr.  William  Leflie,  afterwards  principal. 

3  2.   Mr.  David  Leitch,  afterwards  minifter  of  Ellon. 

13.  Mr,  Robert  Ogilvie,  afterwards  minifter  at  Methlick. 

14.  Mr.  Alexander  Middleton,  put  out  by  the  Englifti  anno 
1652  ;   and  afterwards  made  principal  at  the  King's  reftoration. 

15.  Mr.  Gilbert  Rewle  was  put  in  by  the  Englifti,  and  having 
continued  three  or  fovir  years,  went  to  England. 

16.  Mr.  Patrick  Sandftands,  who  died  in  that  office. 

17.  Mr.  Andrew  Maffie,  afterwards  regent  in  Edinburgh. 

18.  Dr.  George  Middleton,  afterwards  principal. 

19.  Mr.  George  Frafer,  who  died  in  that  office. 

20.  Mr.  Alexander  Frafer,  prefently  in  that  office.- 


Gram- 


136  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN, 


Grammarians. 

1 .  Johannes  Vau3. 

2.  Theophilus  Stewart.  After  the  Reformation,  for  many 
years  there  was  no  grammarian,  but  fome  Itudent  or  other  in 
theology  put  in  for  a  time,  to  officiate  for  a  certain  falary,  without 
any  of  the  privileges  belonging  to  the  office  of  the  foundation, 
who  was  commonly  preferred  to  the  firft  vacant  regency,  till  bilhop 
Patrick  Forbes  reftored  alfo  that  office  to  its  integrity.  After 
which  fucceeded, 

I.   Mr.  David  Wedderburn,  only  titular. 

1.  Mr.  George  Milner,  afterwards  minifter  at  Premnay. 

3.  Mr.  John  Lundie,  who  died  in  that  office. 

4.  Mr.  John  Brodie. 

5.  Mr.  John  Forbes,  formerly  profeflbr  of  humanity  in  the 
Marifchal  college,  afterwards  IherifF-depute  of  Aberdeen. 

6.  Mr.  Patrick  Gordon,  who,  having  been  formerly  depofed  in 
the  time  of  ufurpation  from  his  regency,  was  made  civilift  at  the 
King's  reftoration ;  and  upon  fome  confiderations  exchanged  the 
faid  office  with  this  office  of  humaniit. 

7 .  Mr.  Alexander  Gordon,  fon  of  the  aforefaid  Mr.  Patrick,  fuc- 
ceeded humanift  in  the  King's  college. 


Regents. 

1 .  Mr.  John  Biflat  is  the  firft  regent  we  read  of,  who  was  after- 
wards principal. 

2.  Mr.  Alexander  Anderfon,  afterwards  fubprincipal  and  prin- 
cipal. 

3.  Mr. 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  137 

3.  Mr.  Andrew  Galloway,  afterwards  rubpiiucipal, 

4.  Mr.  John  Henderfon. 

5.  Mr.  Gilbert  Garden. 

6.  Mr.  William  Mainie. 

7.  Mr.  William  Lumfden. 

8.  Mr.  Robert  Maitland,  afterwards  dean  of  Aberdeen;  the 
fame  who  refigned  the  deanry  in  favour  of  the  college,  at  the  Re- 
formation. 

9.  Mr.  James  Chalmer. 

10.  Mr.  John  Rait. 

1 1 .  Mr.  Andrew  Anderfon. 

12.  Mr.  Thomas  Anneflie. 

13.  Mr.  Gilbert  Norrie. 

The  three  laft  were  put  out,  with  the  principal  and  fubprincipal, 
at  the  Reformation. 

After  the  Reformation. 

1 .  Mr.  George  Paterfon,  afterwards  minifter  at  Daviot. 

2.  Mr.  Hercules  Rolloch. 

Thefe  two  were  put  in  at  the  fame  time,  when  Mr.  Arbuth- 
not  was  made  principal,  and  Mr.  Lawfon  fubprincipal. 

3.  Mr.  Thomas  Cheyne. 

4.  Mr.  Duncan  Davidfon,  afterwards  minifter  at  Rethyn. 

5.  Mr.  Robert  Mercer,  afterwards  minifter  at  Banchorie-Deve- 
nick. 

6.  Mr.  Walter  Ogilvie. 

7.  Mr.  Walter  Stewart,  afterwards  both  fubprincipal  and  fub- 
principa^. 

8.  Mr.  Alexander  Skene. 

9.  Mr.  Andrew  Arbuthnot. 

I  o'  Mr.  Daniel  Rait,  afterwards  both  fubprincipal  and  principal. 

T  II.  Mr. 


138  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

Ti.   Mr.  Robert  Burnet,  afterwards  minifter  at  Oyne. 
iz.   Mr.  Peter  Udney,  afterwards  fubprincipal. 


1 


J- 


Mr.  David  Clarke, 


I  4.  Mr.  William  Barclay,  afterwards  an  advocate  in  Edinburgh. 

1  5.   Mr.  John  Guthrie,  afterwards  minifter  at  Banff. 

rO.   Mr.  James  Sibbald,  afterwards  parfon  of  Benholme. 
17.   Mr.  William  Forbes,  afterwards  miniiter  at  Kilbotoeh,  or 
Towie. 

t8.   Mr.  David  Robertfon,  afterwards  mmifter  at  St.  Fergus. 

19.  Mr.  John  Chalmers,  afterwards  fubprincipal. 

20.  Mr.  Andrew  Young,  both  before,  and  afterwards  regent  in 
Edinburgh. 

2  I .   Mr.  James  Strachan,  afterwards  minifter  at  Colellone. 

22.  Mr.  Patrick  Guthrie,  afterwards  fubprincipal. 

23.  Mr.  Gilbert  Keith,  afterwards  minifter  at  Skene. 

24.  Mr.  Patrick  Reid. 

25.  Mr.  Robert  Dunbar,  afterwards  minifter  at  Skene. 
.26.   Mr.  James  Rait,  afterwards  minifter  at  Arbuthnot. 

27.  Mr.  William  Forbes,  afterwards  fubprincipal. 

28.  Mr.  William  Leflie,  afterwards  both  fubprincipal  and  prin- 
cipal, 

29.  Mr.  Alexander  Lucan,  afterwards  minifter  at  Monumufk. 

30.  Mr.  John  Forbes,  afterwards  minifter  at  Auchterlefs. 

3 1 .  Mr.  Patrick  Forbes,  who  died  regent. 

32.  Mr.  John  Lundie,  afterwards  humanift. 

33.  Mr.  David  Leitch,  afterwards  fubprincipal. 

34.  Mr.  George  Leith,  afterwards  minifter  at  Belhelvie. 

35.  Mr.  Andrew  Strachan,  afterwards  profelfor  of  divinity  in 
Old  Aberdeen. 

36.  Mr.  George  Milne,  formerly  humanift,  and  afterwards  mi- 
nifter of  Premnay, 

37.  Mn 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  139 

37.  Mr.  James  Sandilands,  afterwards  civilirt. 

38.  Mr.  Robet  Ogilvie,  atterwards  i'ubprincipal. 

39.  Mr.  William  Strachan,  afterwards  miniiler  of  Old  Aber- 
deen. 

40.  Mr.  Alexander  Middleton,  afterwards  both  fubprincipal 
and  principal. 

41.  Mr.  Alexander  Gordon,  afterwards  mini fter  of  Forgue. 

42.  Mr.  Alexander  Scroggie,  afterwards  miniiler  at  Old  Aber- 
deen. 

43.  Mr.  Patrick  Gordon,  afterwards  both  civilifl:  and  humanift, 

44.  Mr.  William  Rait,  afterwards  principal. 

45.  Mr.  George  Middleton,  afterwards  do6lor  of  medicine;  he 
was  put  out  by  the  Englifli. 

46.  Mr.  Andrew  Youngfon,  formerly  regent  in  the  Marifchal 
college,  afterwards  dodor  of  medicine ;  he  went  abroad  and  be- 
came popilh. 

47.  Mr.  Patrick  Sandilands,  formerly  regent  in  the  Marifchal 
college,  afterwards  fubprincipal. 

48.  Mr.  John  Strachan,  afterwards  do6lor  of  medicine;  he 
went  abroad  and  became  popifli,  and  died  redtor  of  the  ScottiOi 
college  at  Rome. 

49.  Mr.  Gilbert  Rewle,  afterwards  fubprincipal. 

50.  Mr.  Hugh  Anderfon,  afterwards  miniiler  of  Cromarty. 

5 1 .  Mr.  Andrew  Mallie,  afterwards  fubprincipal. 
32.   Mr.  William  Johnfon,  afterwards  civililt. 

5  3 .  Mr.  George  Gordon,  afterwards  Earl  of  Aberdeen,  and  Lord 
High  Chancellor  of  Scotland. 

54.  Mr.  Robert  Forbes,  formerly  regent  in  the  Marifchal  col- 
lege, and  afterwards  canonift. 

55.  Mr.  Henry  Scougal,  afterwards  profelTor  of  divinity  in  Old 
Aberdeen. 

T    4  56.  Mr. 


140  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

56.  Mr.  George  Middleton,  formerly  minifler  at  Glames,  and 
afterwards  both  fubprincipa'  and  ])rincipal. 

:;7.   Mr.  George  Garden,  afterwards  miniftcr  at  Old  Aberdeen.. 

58.  Mr.  John  Buchan,  afterwards  advocate  in  Edinburgh. 

59.  Mr.  George  Frafer,  afterwards  fubprincipal. 

Thcfe  are  the  names  of  all  fuch  as  have  borne  thofc  offices  in 
this  office ;  many  whereof  have  been  very  eminent  for  learning, 
and  other  endowments,  and  have  done  confiderable  fervice  both 
in  thefe  and  other  nations  wherein  they  have  been  employed.  But 
bcfides  thefe,  many  excellent  men  of  great  fame  and  reputation 
])oth  at  home  and  abroad,  have  had  their  education  here,  wdiich 
were  an  endlefs  labour  to  reckon  out ;  and  for  inftance  thereof 
may  be  named  only  thofe  great  men  the  dodors  of  Aberdeen,  fo 
famous  over  all  the  three  kingdom  for  their  learning,  piety,  and 
loyalty  in  the  beginning  of  our  laft  national  troubles;  the  greateft 
part  of  whom  were  educated  from  their  infancy  in  this  place,  and 
luch  as  at  leaft  received  their  degree  therein. 

But  befides  thefe,  there  may  be  mentioned  three  of  the  prefent 
age ;  who,  by  their  virtue  and  merit,  have  raifed  themfelves  to  the 
higheft  employments  either  of  church  or  ftate,  which  fubjedts  are 
capable  of;  and  have  perhaps  (without  difparagement  to  otliers) 
given  as  great  proof  of  their  conduct,  and  done  as  great  fervice  to 
thefe  nations  as  any,  or  as  could  reafonably  be  expeded  of  men 
fubjo6t  to  the  common  infirmities  of  nature,  who  all  pafTed  their 
courfe  entirely  in  this  place;  and  during  that  time  both  by  their 
proficiency  and  deportment  gave  many  early  prefages  of  their  fu- 
ture greatnefs ;   and  thefe  are, 

T.  John  late  Earl  of  Middleton,  his  majefty's  firft  high  com- 
miffioner  for  the  kingdom,  after  his  happy  reftoration. 

2.  James  late  lord  archbifliop  of  St.  Andrew's,  primate  and  me- 
tropolitan of  all  Scotland,  fo  barbaroufly  butchered  for  his  fervice 
to  G  )d  and  his  prince.  3.  George 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  141 

3.  George  carl  of  Aberdeen,  who  not  only  paffed  his  courfe, 
but  (as  was  iaid  before)  bore  office  here,  being  for  the  pregnancy 
of  his  parts  anS  the  great  hopes  he  gave  of  hi mfelf  elected  and  ad- 
mitted regent  the  very  next  day  after  he  was  graduated  mafter  of 
arts,  in  the  place  of  his  own  mafter,   the  famous  and  learned  Dr. 
Strachan,  who  left  the  college  at  this  time ;   in  which  ofTice  having 
acquitted  himfelf  to  his  own  credit  and  the  general  fatisfa^ftion  of 
all  for  the  fpace  of  four  years;   having  graduated  his  clafs,  he  di- 
mitted  his  office  ;  and  having  fpent  fome  few  years  in  the  ftudy  of 
the  laws,  partly  at  home  and  partly  abroad,  at  his  return  to  the 
kingdoin    entered    advocate ;     and   being    elefted   commiffioner 
for  the  barons  of  the  fhire  of  Aberdeen  to  his  majefty's  fecond 
parliament,   held  by  the  duke  of  Lauderdale,  did  therein,  and 
in  other  tranfa<5lions  wherein  he  was  occalionally  employed,  give 
fuch  evidence  of  the  greatnefs  of  his  parts,  and  his  fitnefs  for 
greater  employments,  that  in  a  very  Ihort  time   he  paffed  (as  it 
were)  through  all  the  rtages  of  preferment ;   being  firft  admitted 
one  of  his  majefty's  privy  council,  afterwards  one  of  the  fenators  of 
the  college  of  juftice,  after  that  prelklent  of  the  feffion,  and  laft  of 
all  lord-high-cliancellor  of  Scotland,   which  office  he  executed  to 
his  majeftie's  honour,  the  happinefs  of  this  kingdom  both  for  the 
church  and  ftate,  the  immortal  glory  and  renown  of  himfelf  and 
noble  family,  and  tlie  great  credit  of  this  famous  Univerfity  and 
college,  the  hapyy  place  of  his  education.      Ke  hath  purchafed  a 
great  eftate,  and  is  yet  in  life  this  year  1719. 

To  thefe  may  be  fubjoined  another  of  the  laft  age,  no  lefs  fa- 
mous for  the  greatnefs  and  nobility  of  his  virtue  and  employments, 
viz.  George  earl  Marifchal,  founder  of  the  Marifchal  college, 
fometime  alfo  high-com.miffioner  of  this  kingdom  under  his  ma- 
jefty  king  James  VI.  in  his  parliament  160(1;  and  who  had  for- 
merly fuftained  the  perfon  of  proxy  to  his  majefty  in  his  happy 
marriage  with  the  virtuous  and  renowned  queen  Ann. 

7  Many 


142  HISTORY      OF      ABERDEEN. 

Manv  other  perfons,  fome  of  great  quality  by  birth,  and  others 
honourably  employed  both  in  church  and  ftate,  mi^ht  be  named; 
Ibme  whereof  have  been,  and  others  are,  ornaments  to  this  nation; 
but  not  being  able  to  condefcend  upon  all,  and  loth  to  mention 
fome,  and  negledl  others,  I  lliall  forbear. 


Regiftrum  omnium  vaforum  argenteorum,  seneorum,  ferreorum, 
capparum  Sl  aliorum  Templi  ornamentorum,  necnon  vef- 
tium,  atrabafcenfium,  cervicalium,  &:  aliorum  bonorum  Coll. 
Reg.  Aberd.  in  Templo,  Campanili,  Aula  Sc  Cubiculis  ejufdem 
Coll.  contentorum.  Compofitum  in  Vifitatione  fadla  per  venera- 
biles  &  egregios  viros,  Magiftros  Jacobum  Strachan  de  Belhel- 
vie,  Univerfitatis  Aberdon.  redtorem,  Alexander  Galloway  a  Kin- 
kell,  Alexander  Spittall  a  Clatt,  Jacobum  Wavern  de  Oyne,  8c 
Johannem  Elphilftonde  Invernochtie,  canonicos  Aberdon.  A.  D. 
1542. 

Fa/a  Argentea. 

Una  monftrantia  argentea,  duos  cnbitos  prope  alta  (euchariftiam 
vulgus  apellat)  ad  Chrifti  Corpus  adorationis  caufa,  a  populo  de- 
portandum,  incredibili  arte  confeda,  deaurata,  ponderis  .  .  .  In  ea 
beryllum  pulchrum. 

Alia  monftrantia  parva,  ad  fimilem  ufum,  non  deaurata;  pon- 
deris .  .  . 

Crux  argentea,  cum  crucifixio;  ponderis  quinquaginta  unci- 
arum  argenti. 

Duo  candelabra  argentea,  ponderis  .   .   . 

Duo  thuribula  argentea,  ponderis  .  .  . 

Arcula  thuraria,  cum  cochleari  argenteo,  ponderis  1 2  unciarum 
argenti. 

Aliud 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  143 

Aliud  cochleare  argenteum,  auratum,  manubio  chriftallino,  ad 
eundemufum;   duarum  prope  uncianim. 

Calix  argenteus,  auratus;  cum  patena:  5  fiipra  viginti  unci- 
aruQi,  donatus  per  bonoe  memoriae  Georgium  Brown,  quondam 
epiicopum  Dunkelden. 

Textuarium  argenteum,  auratum ;    5  fupra  20  unciarum. 
Vas  argenteum,  ad  benedi6lam  aquam  circumvehendam,  cum 
afperforiis;   pondcris  4  fupra  40  unciarum. 

Tres  calices  minores  argentei,  aurati,  cum  pateris ;  lingulse 
fingularum  1 7  unciarum. 

Calix  magnus  argenteus,  deauratus;  cum  jj^tena,  &:  cochleari, 
ponderis  42  unciarum. 

Duo  calices  argentei,  cum  patenis,  non  aurati;  horum  unus, 
cum  patena,  ponderis  20  unciarum,  cum  medio;  alter,  cum  pa- 
tena;  4  fupra  20  unciarum. 

Calix  argenteus,  non  auratus,  datus  per  M'rum  Arthurum 
Boothium,  olim  canoniftam  coUegij  Aberdoncn. 

4  Phialije  argenteae;  harum  duoe  majores,  ponderis  14  uncia- 
rum, cum  quarta  unius  unciae;  aliae  duo  paulo  minores,  pon- 
deris .  .  . 

Infignia  regis  argentea,  aurata,  Bz  miro  artificio  confe(St,  cir- 
cumferenda  in  pe6lore  principalioris  cappae,  in  magnis  folen- 
nitatibus. 

Fa/a  JEnea. 

0<fto  candelabra  aenea. 

Duo  candelabra,  ad  ornatum  altaris  folij  crucifixi;  data  per  do- 
minum  Gul.  Elphingfton,  olim  re6lorem  de  Clatt. 

Tres  ambones  aenei;  unus  pro  evangelio  cantando;  alter  pro 
epiftola  ;  &  tertius  pro  legenda.  Vas  aeneum  pro  aqua  benedida 
circumvehenda. 

Fa/a 


144 


II  I  S  T  O  K  Y      OF      ABERDEEN, 


Vafa  Fcrrea. 
T.ampas    pendula,    coram  veneiabili   ftcramento,    donata  per 
MVum   Alcx'um    Galloway,    reaorem  a  Kinkcll. 

Candelabrum  eeneum  pendulum,  coram  fummo  altari,  ex  dono 
magitbi  Arthur!  Boeth;j. 

Cohimna  .^nea. 

Quatuor  columnae,  fuper  quas  effigies  4  angelorum  portantium 
infignia^-  Chriiii;  funt  enim  fuper  eafdem  columnas  10  candelabra 
lenex. 

3  Candelabra  aenea,  pro  luminibus  in  choro,  tempore  hyemali. 
2  parva  candelabra  aenea,  ad  ornatumaltaris  B.  Catharinae  Virgi- 

nis;  donata  per  M'rum  Arthurum  Boethium. 

Sepulchrum  domini  fundatoris;  in  cujus  fuprema  parte  imago 
ipfius  in  pontificalibus,  cum  a  angelis  portantibus  2  candelabra  ad 
caput;  Sc  2  mercenarijs  epitaphium  in  eum  infcriptnm  ad  pedes 
portantibus :  inferius,  ex  auftrali  parte,  3  virtutes  theologicae,  et 
contemplatio  ;  in  boreali,  4  virtutes  cardinales,  fuis  fignis  dirtind:ae. 
In  orientali  8c  occidental!  partibus  domini  fundatoris  infignia,  ab 
angelis  lata. 

Cappa,  &'  alia;  Vefles  prcetiofce. 

Imprimis.  Ex  auro  textili  rubro,  facrne  veftes.  4  cappoe,  cafula, 
dalmatica,  3  albze  linteiE  haec  ornamenta  concernentes.  Tunica, 
8c  amicStus  3,  harum  fibrae  laterales  auro  atque  byflb  artificio- 
liflimo  opera  redimitico,  fan6torum  imaginibus  contextae.  2 
Itolic,  3  manipuli,  1 5  puramenta. 

Ex  auro  textili  albofacrs  Vejles. 

4  Cappae,  cafula,  dalmatica,  tunica,  3  alboe  lintex  concernentes 
ami6lus,  3  harum  fibrae  laterales  aureae  8i  byffinae,  opere  redi- 
mitae  divorum  imaginibus  contextae.  2  Stolas,  3  manipuli,  1 5 
puramenta,      Cappa  unica  ex  auro  textili  viridi  biflb  eminent!; 


*  See  note  p.  102. 


fibra 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  445 

fibra lateral!  rubra;  dono  praefati  reverendi  domini  Georgij  Brown, 
epifcopi  Dunkelden. 

Vi rides  ex  villofo  Byffo. 

4Cappx,  cafula,  dalmatica,  tunica,  3  alba?  linese  concurrentes, 
&;  ami(Stus  tres ;  harum  fibras  laterales  aurese  8c  byffinae,  opere  re- 
dimidco  divorum  imaginibiis  contextae.  1  Stolae,  3  manipuli,  1 5 
puramenta. 

Azurea  Vejles  ex  villofo  Byjfo. 

4  Cappae,  cafula,  dalmatica,  tunica,  3  alboe  lineoe  concurrentes, 
8c  ami6lus  3  ;  harum  fibroe  laterales  opere  redimitico,  ut  fupra 
contextae.      2  Stolae,  3  manipuli,  15  puramenta. 

Rubra  vejles  ex  villofo  Byjfo. 

1  Cappae,  cafula,  dalmatica,  tunica,  3  albae  lineas  concurrentes 
8c  amidtus  3 ;  harum  fibrae  laterales,  opere  redimitico,  ut  fupra 
contextae. 

2  Stolx,  3  manipuli,  15  puramenta. 

Nigra  vefies  ex  villofo  Byffo. 

4  Cappae,  cafula,  dalmatica,  tunica,  3  albae  lineas  concurrentes 
8c  amidtus  3 ;  harum  fibrae  laterales  ex  villofo  byfib  rubra,  aureis 
ftellis  confitae. 

3  Stolce,  3  manipuli,  1 5  puramenta. 

Ex  Byjfo  palmata  azurea. 

1  Cappae,  quarum  fibrae  laterales  ex  byflb  palmata  alba,  ftellis 
aureis  confitae.  3tia  cappa,  fibra  laterali  undulata  byffo.  cafula  ex 
fatina  by  fix),  ad  colorem  azureum  tendente,  rubra  cruce  ejufdem 
generis  byffi,  cum  ftola  alba,  8c  5  puramentis. 

■  I'eftes facrit  pro  dominicali  ufu. 

Cafula,  dalmatica,  tunica,  ex  byffo  palmite  fubalba,  tradtibus  8c 
cruce,  ex  rubra  fatino  byffo  ;  3  albas,  cum  15  puramentis. 

U  Pro 


1^6  HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 

Pra  quotidiano  ufu. 

Unacafula,  ex  byfib  undulata,  rubra,  crvice  viridi;  cafula  ex 
byflb  undulata,  fubrubra,  cruce  viridi;    2  alb?e,  2  amidus. 

Pro  9luadragefima. 

3  Cafula,  crvicibus  rubris;  cappa,  dalmatica,  3  ftolae,  3manipub", 
1 5  puramenta  ex  alba  latina,  3  albce  eoncurrentes,  cum  tribus 
amidtibus. 

Veftes  puerorum  miniftrantium  in  folemnitatibus. 

3  Cappaj,  cafula,  dalmatica,  tunica,  2  floloe,  3  manipuli,  15  pu- 
ramenta, 2  penduliE  veftes  pro  fummo  altari,  crucibus  rubris ;  hae 
omnes  ex  duplici  worfet,  nigro  8c  azureo;  3  albic,  &  3  amidlus 
lintei  eoncurrentes  eafdem  veftes.  -,^     ,  ^ 

Corporalia  ^  eorum  capftda.. 

Uuum  corporale  honeftum,  ex  lino  HpUandico,  dono  Alexandri 
Galloway  a  Kinkell. 

Ciftula  miro  artificio  confedla,  8c  varijs  margaritis  exornata,, 
pro  reliquijs  fandtorum  8c  corporalibus ;  coopertorium  calicis,  ex 
aurotextili,  per  didum  redorem  de  Kinkell  donatum. 

Una  capfula,  lateribus  purpura  operatis,  8c  fuperiore  parte  ex 
auro  textili,  per  prsefatum  re61:orem  de  Kinkell  donatum. 

Alia  capfula,  lateribus  byflb  villofo  nigro  operatis,  Sc  fuperiore 
parte  effigie  pvieri  Jefu,  8c  auro  textili  operata,  per  dominum  de 
Elphingfton  data. 

Altariay  W  eorum  ornamenta. 

Pro  majori  altari  3  antipendia;  i,  cui  hiftorioe  divae  virginis 
Mariae,  filis  bylTiniis  aclateris  funt  contextas. 

2.  Effigies  apoftolorum,  Petri,  Andrece,  8c  Johannis  cofltinet,. 

3.  Pro  quotidiano  ufu.  ^\ 
Ad  majus  aitare  eft  una  tabula  magna  arte  picSloria,   miro  inge- 

nio  confeda ;  veftis  linea  ad  banc  tabulam,  tempore  Quadrageii- 

mali 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  147 

mali  tegendum,  cui  crux  rubra  affigitur;  alia  veftis  linea  minor 
ante  fummum  altare,  tempore  Quadragefimali  appendenda,  ru- 
bra cruce;  velum  magnum,  ex  candente  linoj  infra  chorum,  Sz 
fummum  altare,  tempore  Quadragefimali,  appenlum,  cum  cordis 
&  annulis  requifitis. 

Altare  venerabilis  facramenti,  conftruilum  per  preefatum  redlo- 
rem  de  KinkelL 

Super  hoc  altare  eft  locus  pro  facramento  figurie  pyramidatie, 
per  eundem  recftorem  donatus. 

Eft  praeterea  ftatua  divae  Virginis,  patronae  collegij,  ex  alabaftris, 
feu  Pario  lapide  j  parva  tabula,  ex  auro  textili,  per  eundem  rectc*- 
rem  donata. 

.  2  Mappse  per  eundem ;  parvum  cervical,  ex  afrafs  . .  .  per 
eundem;  veftis  atrabafcenfis*  cum  imaginibus,  pendula  apud  idem 
altare,  per  eundem. 

Altare  B.  Catharinae  Virginis,  conftru6lum  per  executores  Hec- 
toris  Boethij  ;  effigies  ...  ad  hoc  altareeft  tabula  continens;  effi- 
gies duae  noftrae  divarum,  Catharinas  &c  BarbarjE, 

Antipendium,  cum  armis  praefati  HecStoris ;  veftis  atrabafcenfis 
prope  idem  altare  pendula,  continens  imaginem  noftrae  dominae 
in  medio;  per  Arthurum  Boethium. 

Calix  &L  candelabra  prius  fcripta.  Cafula,  ex  villofo  byflb  pur- 
pura, ad  ufum  ejufdem  altaris,  cruce  flava  ex  fatina ;  alba,  cum 
ami<ftu,  abfque  puramentis. 

Stolae  ex  byflb  undulata  . .  .  per  eundem  Arthurum  Boethium. 
Duae  mappae  ad  idem  altare  per  eundem. 
Miflulx  parum  imprelTum,  per  eundem,  pro  eodem  altari. 
Altare  B.  Mariae  virginis  in  nave  ecclefia^  habet  tabulam  arte 
ilatuaria,  &:  duas  ftatuas ;  alteram  ejufdem  virginis,  8c  alteram  B. 
Kentigerni  epifcopi. 

*  AtrabaUc^veftes,  atri  coloris.    Suidas  and  other  Gloflfaries,    Du  Cangc,  in  voc. 

U  2  Anti- 


148  HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 

AntfpentUa  ejafdem  altaris,  viz.  -iTnura  atrabafcenfe,  ciii  divarum 
effi  >ies  8c  fiores,  filis  laiieis  lubtilibus  byflb  commixtis  fiint  con- 
text! ;  dono  Andreae  Cullaiie,  burgenfis  de  Aberdon. 

Aliud  ex  tota  linea  floribus  contextual  pro  quotidiano  iifu,  cor- 
tina  byllina,  dono  ejufdem  Andreee  Ciillane. 

Duo  velamina,  ad  ufum  ejufdem  altaiis,  tempore  Quadragefi- 
mali,  altam  fuper  tabulam. 

Alteram  pendulum  ante  altare  ;  unum  antipendium,  ex  tela 
rubra  vvorfet,  aureis  ac  byffinis  floribus,  opere  redimitico  ornatum. 

Altare  Sti.  Germani,  habens  tabulam  arte  ftatuaria,  &:  duas 
ftatuas;   alteram  Salvatoris  flagellati,  alteram  SandiChriftophori. 

Antipendia  ejufdem  altaris,  viz.  unum  divas  virginis  effigies,  ad 
f'cfu^iwntntxi  vocabvilo  diila,.  filis  laneis  ac  byfTmis  texitur  ;  aliud 
ex  tela  linea  floribus  contextum,  pro  quotidiano  ulu;  duo  velamina 
ad  ufum  ejufdem  altaris  tempore  Quadragelimali,  ut  fupra. 

Unum  antipendium,  ex  tela  rubra  \vorfet,  aureis  ac  byffinis  flo- 
ribus, opere  redimitico  ornatum. 

Altare  folij  crucifixi,  fuper  q^iod  eft  crucifixus;  Sc  ftatua  div?2 
virginis,  &  Johannis  apoftoli  oc  evangeliftie ;  velamen  lineum,  pro 
ufu  Quadragefimali,  cooperiens  crucitixum,  &:  duas  proedi6tas  fta^ 
tuas,  cui  crux  rubra  afTuitur. 

Ornamenta  ejufdem  altaris, .  per.  dominum  Gul.  Elpliingfton  a 
Chut. 

Veftis  pendula,  citi  effigies  crvtcifixi,  lana  8c  byflb,  varijs  cum 
floribus,  8c  imaginibus  intexitur. 

Duye  mappae  ad  altaris  ufum;  cafula  ex  tela  worfet  fubrubra, 
cum  manipulo,  ll:ola,  5  puramentis,.  floribus,  auro  8c  byfTo  redi- 
mitico, alba,  cum  amicftu  8c  zona. 

Item,  MilTale  parum  impreffum,  per  eundem  redlorem  de  Clatt 
donatum. 

Duo  candelabra  fujjra  fcripta  funt. 

Velamen  magnum  ex  lino  ante  ftatuas  Salvatoris  et  apoflolorum 

in 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  149 

in  facie  folij  crucifixi,  tempore  Quadragcfimali,  appenfum;.  hiiic- 
tres  cruces  nigr.TS  lunt  alllitie. 

Not.  fingula3  ecclefi^,  fuper  altaria  fingula,  habent  velamina  li- 
nea  pro  Quadragefimali. 

5.  Mappoe  manuum,  fudaria,  manitergia ;   deeft  eorum  catalogus. 

Sex  aurea  tapetes,  8c  pulvinaria  templi. 

4  Aulea  magna,  molliori  lana,  byffinis  fills  immixtis  fabricata; 
qiiibus  regia  infignia  fimulatque  fundatoris  font  intertexta,  cimi 
florum  varietate ;  continent  horum  fingula  plus  1 9  ulnas  menfur^ 
Scotiae  ad  quadrnra:  liragulum  unum,  quo  pavimentum.  ante 
magnum  altare  fternitur,  floribus  ac  domini  fundatoris  infignibus 
contextura;  duo  tapetes  ad  fedis  reiloris  Aberdonen.  ornatura, 
quibus  fundatoris  infignia  cum  floribus  intexuntur. 

Pulvinaria   5 ,  duo  majoris  cum  infignil)us  domini  fundatoris 
confe6ta;  duo  majoris  cum  infignibus  AndreaeElphingfton  ;   quin« 
turn  ex  molliore  lana,  cum  byffo  8c  agno  altaris  contextum.      Ha2c. 
3  dono  praefati  domini  a  Kinkell. 

Item,  una  parva  veftis  atrabafcenlTs,  pro  coperiendo  ambone  lig- 
neo  ;   alia  ad  iimilem  ufura,  cum'  cuniculis  contexta. 

Libri  chori  ^  templi  collegij. 

5  Antiphonalia,  8c  7  pfalteiia,  omnia  membrana,  characleribus 
aureis,  argenteis  8c  azureis,  rubrifque  capitalibus  exarata,  divorum 
effigibus,  auri,  argenti,  atque  coloruru  varietate  gratiflii-na,  uti 
hiitoriae  principia  depofcunt,  depidla. 

4  Breviaria  ex  membrana,  quorum  duo  Mr.  Joan.  Harvie,  reftor 
de  Benhame,  olim  re6lor  univerfitatis  Parifienlis,  collegio  donavit:. 
Aliud  vero  cum  parvo  pfalterio  praefatus  rector  de  Clatt. 

Duae  legendx;  altera  de  tempore,  altera  de  fandtis;  duo  gra-- 
dualia;  unum  epiftolare;  unum  evan.gelium ;  unum  martyrolo- 
^ium;  liber  ad  organillse  ufum  accommodatus  ordinariiim, 

Evaiit- 


£50  -HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 

Evangelium  principalium  feftorum,    cum  calendario  obitiiiim, 
dono  magiftri  Alexandri  Galloway,  re6toris  de  Kinkeli. 

4Miiralia;   quorum  unum  cajMtalibvis  element-is  aureis,  rubris 
2>i  azureis,  artificiofis  pidloris  adjectis. 

Item,   8  procciTionalia,   Sc  2  libri  rubricorum  pro  juvenibus; 
omaes  in  pergamena  icripti. 

Magnus  liber,  Vocabulare  Catholico}!  didtus. 

Rationale  dominorum  bene  ligatum. 

Capfuht  vaforum  argenteorum. 

Pro  majore  monftrantia,  capfula  ex  corio. 

Item,    pro  duobus   candelabris   argenteis    duae ;    item,   pro   % 
thuribus  duae;   item,  pro  majoribus  calicibus; 

Cortinse  templi  deeft  catalogus. 

Parvce  tabula  templi. 

Una  habens  effigiem  divge  Virginis  Mariae,  opere  redimitico  con- 
textam;  alia,  fuper  quam  depingitur  gloriofa  virgo ;  alia,  habens 
-effigiem  divae  Catherinoe ;   alia,  fuper  quam  depingitur  Johannes 
Elphingfton,  miles,  coram  imagine  crucifixi,  ad  altare  beatae  Ma- 
rise  Virginis,  dono  proefati  redoris  de  Clatt. 

Alia,  habens  effigiem  dominae  noftrae  de  Loretto,  ad  idem  al- 
lare. 

Alia,  habens  effigiem  crucifixi,  pendens  fuper  folium  organorum; 
dono  magiftri  Joannis  Vaus,  olim  grammatici  hujus  collegij. 

In  folio  organorum,  organa  ipfa,  cum  imagine  divae  Virginis  in 
fuperiore  parte  eorundem. 

Ortiamenta  rc'^Ioris. 

Baculus  redloris,  argenti;   cum  armis  regis,  8c  fundatoris,  pon- 
■deris  .  .  .  argenti. 

Alius  baculus,   argentatus  in  quinque  partibiis,  dono  praefati 
Te(5toris  de  Kinkeli. 

Cappa 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  i^r 

Cappa  lutea  (vulgo,  a  fcarlet  cape)  pro  recStore,  cum  caputio; 
Sc  f)er  eundem  alia  parva  cappa  redloris,  abfque  caputio. 

Veftes  atrabaicentes,  pro  ornatu  fedis  redloris,  prius  fcript^e  funt. 

Ornament  a  facultatis  artium. 

Imprimis,  quatuor  rotundae  cappae,  cum  novem  caputijs,  pro 
eifdem  focietatis. 

Item,  inia  cappa  pro  do6tore,  cum  caputio  concurrente,. 

Item,  una  parva  cappa  nigra,  abfque  caputio. 

Item,  quatuor  epitologia,  quorum  3  ex  tela  rubra  Anglicana;   8c 
unum  .  .  .  Franllie  Brown,   cum  quatuor  caputijs;   una,   viz.  ex- 
Franflie  Brown,  una  ex  tela  rubra,  &:  2  nigris. 

Item,  1 1  caputia  Bacchalaureorum  artium. 

Camp  ana  ^  Campanul(Z. 
Quinque  campanos  magnas ;  viz. 

1.  Trinitas,  (Diam,  5  Ped.  5  U.)  cum  hie  infcriptione,, 
T^rinltate  Jacrdfiat  hac  campana  beat  a, 

2.  Mari  I,  cum  hac  infcriptione. 

Protege^  preeor^  pia^  quos  co?ivoco,  SanBa  Maria. 

3.  Michael, 

£«.  an  nuncio  vobis  nonmrn  gaudium,  quod  erit  omni  populo.     Per 
me  Geo.  JFaybe'Vcns,  MDXIX. 

4.  Focor  Gabriel.  Cant  ate  Do?nino  canticum  novum  bene.  PJalUte- 
ei  vociferatione.      Per  ?ne  Geo.  W ay h evens ^  AID  XIX. 

5.  Raphael. 

Cant  ate  Domino  canticum  novum  bene.  PfallJte  ei  in  vociferatione. 
Per  Geo.  Wayhevens^  MD  XIX. 

5  Parvae  campaniE,  pro  media  horse  fignanda,  cum  totidem  fer- 
reis  malleis. 

2  Cappae  ad  quotidianum  nfum. 

Sunt  pariter  in  tempio  3.  parvae  campanae;  quarum  una  ad  prae- 
7;  cipuum 


'15a  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

cipuum  altare  San6li  Germani;  Sc  3tia  ad  altare  beatce  Marioe;  ad 
uium  ibidem  in  facris. 

Et  pariter  in  campanili  horologium  magnum,  ferreum,  cum 
malleo  ferreo  ad  horas  lignandas;  ponderis  .  .  .  Magna  Chorda  (by 
Cabell)  longitudinis  .  .  . 

Ornamenta  aula. 

3  Aulea  magna;  quorum  unum  divse  Annae,  cum  fuis  hiftorijs, 
effigieseft  intexta;   reliquia  2,  virorum  mulierumque  fimulcra. 

5  Aulca  magna,  animantium,  arborum,  &  florum  effigiebus 
contexta. 

Arma  pertinentia  ad  communitatem  collegij.  Imprimis,  12 
axes;  item,  7  fpears,  dono  magiftri  Arthuri  Boethij;  item,  2  iron 
guns  without  ftocks,  and  4  chah-ners  and  ftone  cahns  thereto; 
item,  1  gun-ftocks,  one  of  them  broken;  4  chalmers  and  calms 
ofbrafs;  item,  3  hagbuts,  with  calms  of  ftone;  item,  ihalbert; 
item,  back  and  fore  geare. 

Quoe  continebantur  in  cubiculis,  coquina,  pomario,  domo  po- 
lentaria,  hardinaria,  granaria,  &:  penu  cerevifiarum,  omittuntur. 

Visit ATio  collegij regij  Aberdonen.  per  venerabilem  & egregium 
virum,  magiftrum  Alex'um  Galloway,  eccleliae  cathedralis  Aberdo- 
nen. canoniccHU,  8c  de  Kinkell  in  eadem  nuncupatum  prebendari- 
um,  ac  ejufdem  univerfitatis  redtorem:  una  cum  egregijs  Sc  vene- 
rabilibus  viris,  magiftris  8c  dominis,  Patricio  Myton,  archdiacono 
Aberdonen.  Alexandro  Spittal,  Jacobo  Wavine  8c  Duncano  Bur- 
nett, didse  eccleliae  fimiliter  canonicis,  atque  de  Clatt,  Oyne,  Sc 
Methlick,  refpedlive  prebendarijs,  adpraemiffa  facieiida  per  eandem 
Univerfitatem  communiter  elecSlis,  apud  didum  collegium,  8vo 
Id.  Augufti,  per  inquifitionem  proborum  hominum,  mngiftrorum, 
fadam;   anno  poft  reftitutam  humano  generi   falutem  nono  &: 

qua- 


HISTaRY      OF      ABERDEEN.  153 

quadragefimo,    fcTquimillefimo,  uti   in  codicillis   defupcr  ediftis 
prolixius  caveator;   penes  praenotatum  reiloreni  remanen.  1549. 

Turn  deinceps  proemiiTa  (ut  prcefatur)  vifitatione.  i4to  kal. 
Sept.  anni  jam  citati,  per  reverendum  in  Chrifto  patrem  ac  domi- 
num  p.  Gulielmum  Gordon,  Aberdonen.  antiftitem,  fupratatK; 
Univerfitatis  cancellarium  digniffimum ; "  tatis  vit  feqmtur  in  didto 
coUegio  en'atorum  compertorum,  cum  conlilio  &:  avifamento  rec- 
toris  &:  vifitatorum  fnpradiitorum,  fa 61  a  eft  reformatio,  &:  delic- 
torum  ibidem, commiflbrum  correftio. 

Imprimis,  pro  reformatione  perfonatorum  principalium,  oic. 

Cetera  defimt. 


Anno  1726,  the  Ab  ft  rail  of  the  Rents  of  the  Archbiflioprick 
of  St.  Andrews,  and  other  eight  Biftiopricks  in  Scotland  ;  taken 
from  the  Exchequer  Rental. 

St.  Andrews. 

^.        s.     d. 
The  whole  money  yearly  rent  extends  to  597  3      2      8 

Beer.  B.    F.  P.  L, 

The  wheat  yearly  is        188    2    2  [  421    13    3  j  609    331 

Small  oats. 

Great  oats                 652120J25TO20J  90  3200 

Meal. 

Muirland  oats              64   o    o    o  |      59    2   o    o  |  123    2    o    o 

For  the  Teind-yard  of  oats. 

Peafe  yearly  is              6000.  {     57200J  63200 

^         ^      ,.       ^  .    T  ' .       Peafe  for  ditto  Tcind-yard. 

Bean  for  ditto  Temd-  „  1        „  1 

'  84   o    2    o        48   o    o    o         132   020 


The  total  of  vidlual,  1832    1    1    i 

X  -  Edin- 


154  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


Edinburgh^ 


The  whole  yearly  money  rent  extends  to 


The  wheat  yearly  out  of  Mid-Lothian, 

Ditto,  out  of  Haddington  lliire. 

Meal  out  of  New  Abbay,  — 

Ditto  out  of  Mid  "Lothian,  

Beer  of  Haddington,  — 

Ditto  out  of  Mid-Lothian,  — 

Oats  out  of  Haddington,  — - 

Ditto  out  of  Mid-Lothian,  — 

Beer  out  of  New  Abbay,  — 

The  total  of  the  vi6lual  is  689 


£' 

s. 

d. 

4983 

2 

4 

B. 

F. 

P. 

L. 

31 

I 

3 

33 

16 

0 

0 

0 

12 

2 

0 

0 

39 

2 

2 

0 

20 

0 

0 

0 

451 

I 

0 

0 

51 

2 

I 

2 

43 

3 

2 

2 

26 

0 

0 

0 

G  ALLOW  AY» 

£.       s.     dL 
The  rent  of  the  Biilioprick  is  paid  in  money, 

which  is  6261      8      o. 

The  moft  of  this  Biflioprick's  rent  is  paid  to  the 

dean  of  the  Chapel-Royal;  now  to   the 

King's  chaplains,  minifter  of  Dumblane, 

and  fchool-mafter,  who  have  about  350I. 

fterling  paid  them;    and  there  remains 

payable  to  the  Exchequer,  only  547      8     o 

DUNKELD, 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  155 


DUNKELD. 

~  "  £.         S.      do 

The  whole  yearly  moiie  rent  is  — -  1662    17     6 

The  victual  is  gifted  to  the  minifters  of  Meriglo  and  DunkehV, 


Murray. 

The  yearly  money  rent  is  —  180719     4 

Item,  300  loads  of  peats  converted  to  6000 

B.    F.  P.  l; 

Item,  Bear  yearly^  — *  »-*  105000 


Aberdeen. 

The   whole   rent,    reckoning  the  vidlual    at 

4I.  3s.  4d.  Scots,  is  —  3519     3     8 


Brichen. 

The  money  rent,  including  cuftoms  and  convert- 
ed oats,  —  —  i^S9  13     « 

X  «  Wheat 


f  s6  HI  'S^'fOR  ^  '  O  f  '  ABERDEEN. 


B.      F.    P.    L. 
o 


Wheat  yearly,                    -;-  —               1 1      o      o 

Bear  yearly,                —               —  1 1 2      3      o      o 

Meal  yearly,                —              —  161300 

The  total  of  vi<5lual  is  285      2      o      o 


Caithness. 

j[.        s.      d. 
The  yearly  money  rent  is  —  t 420      4     9 

-  ^"■^-        "^'"  ^^.  ,^        '    -b.-'f;:]^.:?.- 

The  vidua!  yearly  is  '    ^-^  218      11      2 


Ross. 


This  bifhop  has  paid  him  yearly  in  money,  1771    n      9 

With  639  bolls,   2  firlots  of  bear. 


"Orkney.  ■  - 

This  bifhop  has  paid  him  yearly  in  money. 

Malt,   meal,   bear,  butter,   oil,  .and  flefli, 

when  converted  comes  to  tlie"^  fum  of  Scots      6193    19      4 


'^'~  Argyle. 

This  bifliop  has  paid  yearly  in  total  Scots,  1651    13     4 

Isles. 


HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN.  157 


Isles. 

£.        s.     d. 
The  bifliop  of  the  Tiles  has  paid  him  yearly,  Scots,   3037      o      o 
Befkles  96  bolls  of  vi61ual. 


The  Archbifliop  of  Glasgow. 

As  to  this  archbiflioprick,  its  fruit  and  yearly  rent  arc  allocate, 
and  payable  out  of  a  multitude  of  diilindt  fubjedls,  which  there- 
fore cannot  be  certainly  known  without  taking  an  extract  thereof 
from  the  Record,  which,  being  very  long,  would  confequently  coll 
a  good  deal  of  charges :  but,  however,  (without  condefcending  on 
the  particular  payments  and  allocations)  it  is  thought,  the  curious 
may  reft  fatisfied  to  be  informed;  That  there  being  a  tack  of  the 
rents  of  this  biflioprick  granted  by  the  Exchequer  to  the  college  of 
Glafgow,  the  faid  college  pays  of  yearly  tack-duty  for  the  fame 
the  fura  of  55 il.  14s.  loM:  rterling. 


Some 


1 58  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


Some  remarkable  paflages  concerning  the  King's  College  in 
Old  Aberdeen,  which  was  dedicated  to  the  blefled  Virgin 
Mary. 

King  James  IV.  and  WiiUam  Elphingfton  procured  from  pope 
Alexander  VI.  the  privilege  of  an  Univerfity  in  Aberdeen,  anno 
1494;  and  the  college  was  founded  by  the  faid  William  Elphing- 
fton, bifliop  of  Aberdeen,  anno  1500,  and  by  the  faid  King  JameSj 
as  witnefs  the  infcription  above  the  Weft  door  of  colleg-e- chapel, 
which  is  as  follow  eth  : 

''  Per  fereniffimum,  illuftriffimum,  ac  invi6liffimum,  J.  IV.  R. 
4  nonas  ApriUs,  anno  milleiimo  quintefimo,  hoc  infigne  Collegium 
latomi  inceperunt  sedificari." 

This  chapel  was  richly  adorned  in  the  time  of  Popery,  but  was 
fpoiled  of  all  its  rich  ornaments  in  the  beginning  of  the  Reforma* 
tion.  It  has  three  domes,  and  had  twelve  windows,  but  one  of 
them  was  clofed  up,  anno  17 15.  It  is  well  pavemented  with 
ftones.  There  is  an  hearfe  in  it ;  and  the  bifliop's  feat  or  pulpit 
is  in  the  Eaft  end  thereof,  where  the  altar  flood  formerly,  with  the 
prefbytery's  defies  on  every  fide  thereof;  alfo  in  this  chapel  there 
is  a  middle  wall  of  timber,  and  above  it  an  excellent  loft  wdth  a 
pulpit  on  the  Weft  fide  thereof  where  the  prieft  preached;  and 
biOiop  Elphingfton's  defk  below  the  faid  loft  yet  remains  entire. 

But  in  the  Eaft  end  of  the  faid  chapel  the  mafs  was  performed, 
wdiere  yet  there  are  ftalls  and  feats  remaining  for  the  prebends  and 
mafters  of  the  college.  In  it  likewife  is  the  organ-loft  entire;  but, 
anno  1642,  principal  Guil  caufed  take  down  the  organ-cafe. 

This  chapel  is  well  covered  with  lead,  with  a  fpire  in  the  middle 
thereof,  and  is  well  built  with  buttrages  for  ftrengthening  its 
walls* 

Bifliop 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 


159 


Billiop  Elphingfton  built  the  fteeple  with  buttrages;  and  on 
the  top  thereof  were  built  four  arches,  fupporting  a  crown,  with 
a  globe  and  crofs,  which  was  beaten  down  by  an  extraordinary 
ilormof  w'ind  in  principal  Leflie's  time,  anno  1633  (as  faith  Mr. 
Spalding  in  his  Annals),  the  7th  day  of  February. 

This  ftately  crown,  which  had  been  built  of  Eftiler  work,  was 
re-edified  and  built  \\\)  again,  little  inferior  to  the  firft,  by  George 
Thomfon,  architeil,  anno  1634;  as  witnefs  hi?  name,  with  the 
faid  year  of  God,  upon  the  Weil:  fide  of  the  faid  crown,  which  yet 
may  be  leen. 

It  is  reported,,  that  the  mailers  of  the  'college  entered  into  a 
eontradl  with  the  faid  George  Thomfon,  to  rebuild  the  faid  arches 
and  crown  for  ten  thoufand  merks  Scots  ^  but  before  the  half  of 
the  work,  was  built  the  money  was  fpent,  whereupon  he  defifted 
from  building.  Then  the  faid  mafters  put  him  in  prifon  ;  but  at 
lait  they  were  forced  to  take  him  out  of  priibn,  and  give  him  daily 
w^ages  while  the  work  was  performed  as  it  now  ilands. 

Anno  1719,  the  mafters  of  the  college  are  fearing  the  falling- 
down  again  of  this  crown,  which  is  one  of  the  beft  monuments 
that  is  in  the  nation  ;  whereanent  they  are  afking  advice  from  the 
King's  mafon  what  way  it  muft  be  fupported  from  falling. 

Bilhop  Elphingfton  furniflied  the  aforefaid  fteeple  with  thirteen - 
tuneable  bells,  and  built  the  moft  part  of  the  fabrick  of  the  col- 
lege, as  faith  Boethius  in  the  Lives  of  the  Biftiops  of  Aberdeen. 
Upon  the  North  buttrage  and  Weft  end  of  the  aforefaid  chapel 
there  is  a  coat  of  arms,  which  is  probably  one  of  the  royal  family 
who  has  married  a  lady  out  of  England,  as  appears  by  the  armc-- 
rial  coats. 

Item,  There  are  upon  the  buttrages  of  the  Weft  fide  of  the  faid. 
fteeple  two  coats  of  arms;  the  ftrft,  towards  the  North,  is  the  Kin^'-. 
of  Scotland,  pretty  clear,  viz.  the  red  lion,  and  the  two  fupporters 

arc 


a6o  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

are  two  unicorns,  with  the  crown  above  ;   the  motto  above  the  iliicf 
crown  is  In  De^en^ce;   and  the  year  oi    Gotl  above    all,    1509. 

The  other  coat  of  arms  next  the  college-gate  Teems  to  be  the 
archbilliop's  of  St.  Andrew's ;  it  has  a  lion,  with  two  angels  for 
iupporters,  with  A.  S. 

There  is  another  coat  of  arms  above  the  back-door  of  the  afofe- 
faid  chapel,  like  unto  this  former. 

When  bilhop  Elphingfton  had  built  the  moft  part  of  the  col- 
lege, he  called  Mr.  Hettor  Boetbius,  batchelor  of  divinity,  from, 
the  Univeriity  of  Paris,  to  be  principal  of  this  college;  and  after 
he  came  here,  the  faid  bilhop  Elphingfton  graduated  him  dodor 
of  divinity,  and  to  that  folemnity  the  town  of  Aberdeen  fent  over 
a  puncheon  of  wine  with  a  great  many  confections,  or  elfe  to  pay 
ten  merks  to  them. 

This  Mr.  He«5tor  Boethius  was  born  in  Dundee,  and  brought  up 
in  letters  in  the  faid  Univeriity  of  Paris ;  was  defcended  from  the 
Boeths  of  Panbride  in  Angus;  for  he  faith  in  his  Hiftory  of  Scot- 
land, That  King  David  II.  appointed  a  council  at  Perth,  and  com- 
manded all  them  who  had  done  any  thing  for  defence  of  the  king- 
dom, or  had  their  fathers  ilain  at  the  battles  of  Duplin  and  Haly- 
don-hill,  to  be  given  him  in  bill,  that  he  might  reward  them  ac- 
coidin''-  to  merit. 

At  lalt,  when  they  were  all  conveened,  he  rewarded  them  with 
gold,  lllver,  and  Jewels. 

AmoH'j  fundrv  others  that  were  rewarded  at  this  time,  Hugh 
Boyes,  grandfather  to  the  faid  Mr.  Hedor,  got  in  recompence  of 
his  father's  llaughter  at  Dupliuj  the  heirefs  and  lady  of  the  ba- 
rony of  Bal  bride  or  Panbride,  given  to  him  in  marriage;  vvhich 
barony  is  yet  poffefled  by  the  heirs  of  the  laid  Hugh.  This  ac- 
count he  gives  of  his  own  genealogy. 

Gavin  Dunbar,  bifliop  of  Aberdeen,  built  the  South  quarter  of 
the  college,  for  building  of  which  bifhop  Elphingfton  left  money . 

alio 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  i6i 

tilfo  the  faicl  bifliop  Duabar  built  the  houfes  belonging  to  the  pre- 
bendaries, and  performed  whatever  biiliop  Elphingfton  left  uu- 
finiflied. 

But  becaufe  princijial  Boethius  would  not  allow  bifliop  Dunbar 
to  place  his  name  and  armorial  coat  upon  the  South  woik  and 
quarter  of  the  college,  he  caufed  build  it  vip  roughly  without 
good  workmanfliip  or  contrivance;  whereupon  the  raafters  of  the 
college  have  begun  to  repair  it. 

William  Stewart,  bifliop  of  Aberdeen,  built  the  library,  chapter 
houfe,  veftry-houfe,  a  fchool,  and  chambers  for  the  chaplains. 

Bifliop  Elphingilion  annexed  the  parfonage  of  Stow  to  the 
college,  and  alfo  the  parfonage  of  St.  Peter's,  whereby  the  fub- 
j)rincipal  is  fubcantor. 

Robert  Maitland,  dean  of  Aberdeen,  procured  the  annexation  of 
the  deanry  to  the  college,  whereby  the  principal  thereof  is  now 
dean. 

This  annexation  was  in  anno  1579. 

Walter  Stewart,  principal,  procured  the  annexation  of  the  rec- 
tory of  Methlick  to  the  college,  whereby  the  eldefl:  regent  in  the 
college  is  now  redor  of  Methlick.  Bifliop  Elphingfton  died  at 
Edinburgh.  His  body  was  embalmed  and  brought  to  Aberdeen, 
and  was  interred  on  the  firft  fl:ep  to  the  high  altar  in  the  faid  col- 
lege-chapel, under  a  double  black  marble  ftone,  anno  15 14;  and 
principal  Boethius  lies  befide  him,  under  a  blue  ftone. 

Anno  1640,  Dr.  William  Guild  was  chofen  principal  of  the 
college. 

The  firii  work  that  he  began,  he  entered  George  Ronald, 
mafon,  to  the  Snow-Kirk,  to  caft  down  the  walls  thereof,  and 
caufed  tranfport  the  ftones  to  build  the  college-yard  dykes,  and 
to  employ  the  hewn-work  to  the  decayed  chamber  windows  within 
the  faid  college,  whereat  many  people  in  the  Old  Town  niur- 

Y  mured, 


i62  HISTORY      OF      ABERDEEN. 

mured,  becaufe  of  old  it  was  their  parifli  church,  and  many  of 
their  friends  and  anceftois  lay  interred  in  it. 

Anno  1640,  Mr.  Robert  Ogilvie,  fubi^rincipal  of  the  college,  got 
Mr.  William  Strachan's  kirk  at  Methlick,  and  ;Mr.  Alexander  Mid- 
dleton  was  chofen  fubprincipal. 

Anno  1643,  upon  Tuefday  January  17,  the  faid  Mr.  Alexander 
Middleton,  fubprincipal,  was  married  with  Margaret  Gordon, 
daughter  to  Mr.  Thomas  Gordon  at  Kathock's  Mill,  contrary  to 
the  foundation  of  the  college,  for  he  was  the  firft  regent  that  en- 
tered in  a  marriage  condition  in  this  college. 

Anno  1694,  the  affembly  gave  commiffion  to  reform  the  col- 
lege, and  expel  the  malignants;  whereupon  doiftor  William  Guild 
principal,  (albeit  he  had  taken  the  covenant  at  his  entry  without 
limitations,)  Mr.  Alexander  Middleton  fubprincipal,  Mr.  Patrick 
Gordon  and  Mr.  George  Middleton  regents,  were  all  turned  of  the 
college,  anno  165  i. 

Anno  1652,  the  principal's  place  was  conferred  upon  Mr.  John 
Row,  minifier  in  Aberdeen  ;  and  the  fubprincipal's  upon  Mr. 
Gilbert  Rewle.  The  faid  Mr.  John  Row  had  been  twenty  years 
mafter  of  the  fchool  of  St.  Johnfton,  where  he  had  the  moft 
flourifhing  fchool  in  this  nation.  But  Mr.  Andrew  Cant  brought 
him  from  thence  to  Aberdeen,  anno  1641,  where  hQ'ninderwent 
liis  trials,  and  thereafter  was  made  minifter  of  Aberdeen. 

When  he  was  principal,  the  foundation  of  the  new  work  was 
laid,  in  the  North-Eaft  corner  of  the  college,  fix  ftories  high,  con- 
fifting  of  twenty-four  chambers.  The  money  for  building  this 
work  was  gotten  from  the  mailers,  and  other  well-difpofed  perfons, 
whofe  names  are  inferted  in  a  regiftcr  pertaining  to  the  college. 

Above  the  entry-gate  of  the  faid  new  work  there  is  a  fiee 
fcone  fixed  into  the  w^all,  with  the  names  of  the  mafters  of  the 
college  cut  out  upon -it,  viz.  Mr.  John  Row,  pincipal;   Mr.  Patrick 

Sandi- 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  163 

Sandihinds,  fubprincipal ;   Mr.  John  Strachan,  Mr.  Andrew  Maflie, 
and  Mr.  William  Johnlton,  regents. 

The  laid  Mr.  John  Strachan  was  the  beft  fcholar  that  ever  was 
in  the  college.  But  the  Cants  and  the  reit  of  the  clergy  in  Aber- 
deen had  prejudice  at  him,  becaufe  he  was  a  royalifl;  and  becaufe 
his  uncle  Sir  John  Strachan  was  with  King  Charles  II. 

At  laft,  the  faid  Strachan  was  to  graduate  his  fcholars  of  the  Ma- 
gillrand  clafs;   and  after  he  had  printed  his  thefes,  and  diftributed 
them,  and  the  day  appointed  for  the  graduation  in  the  common- 
fchool  of  the  college,  then  Mr.  Andrew  Cant,  minifter  in  Abercken, 
and  young  Mr.  Andrew  Cant,  regent  in  Marifchall's  college,  and  the 
reft  of  the  clergy,  accufed  Mr.  Strachan  for  his  thefes,  and  faid  he 
had  fet  down  Popifli  politions  in  them.      But  Mr.  Strachan  told 
them,  he  would  defend  all  that  wasinferted  in  his  thefes;  where- 
upon the  diet  of  graduation  was  altered,  and  a  new  diet  to  be  in 
St.  Machar's  church  in  Old  Aberdeen.    When  the  day  came,  there 
was  a  great  confluence  of  gentry  from  all  places  of  the  country, 
who  came  to  St.  Machar's  church.     Thence  came  over  the  Cants, 
and  Mr.  Menzies,  and  all  the  reft  of  the  clergy  of  Aberdeen,    and 
with  them  Mr.  Alexander  Cant,  minifter  of  Nether-Banchory,  and 
placed  themfelves  in  the  Marquefs  of  Huntley's  loft,  oppofite  to  the 
pulpit;   for  Mr.  Strachan  had  taken  the  pulpit,  and  no  perfon  with 
him  but  profeflc)r  Douglas,  who  fate  in  the  Latian,  and  principal 
Row  fate  alone  in  the  college-loft. 

Mr.  Strachan  began  with  a  prayer,  and  after  had  a  long  ha- 
rangue; which  being  ended,  he  invited  them  to  impugn  his 
thefes. 

Then  they  began  to  object,  and  he  anfwered  their  arguments 
readily ;  but  to  his  folutions  they  all  anfwered  una  voce,  Vvhich. 
made  a  great  confufion  in  the  difputations.  Yet  learned  men 
faid,  that  Mr.  Strachan  had  the  better  of  it  that  day.     This  dif- 

Y   2  pute 


1 64  HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 

pute  continued  long ;  at  lait,  when  it  was  ended  and  the  people 
diimiHed,  coming  out  of  the  church  door,  Mr.  Strachan  accufes 
young  Mr.  Andrew  Cant,  regent,  for  fome  refledling  anfwer  he 
had  given  him  in  the  time  of  the  difpute,  and  would  have 
trampled  him  under  his  feet,  if  the  gentry  had  not  interpofed 
and  taken  Mr.  Strachan  away  with  them.  For  Mr.  Strachan  was 
a  gentleman,  and  a  pretty  man  hoth  in  parts  and  in  body,  and 
undervalued  all  the  Cants.  His  father  was  Mr.  Alex.  Strachan, 
minifter  of  Logie-Durno,  and  parfon  of  Fetterneir. 

Before  the  difpute,  Mr.  Strachan  graduated  hi5  clafs ;  and  the 
Earl  of  Aberdeen,  who  became  chancellor  of  Scotland,  was  firft 
graduated;  then  the  reil:.  And  immediately  thereafter,  Mr. 
Strachan  dimitted  in  favours  of  Mr.  George  Gordon,  with  confent 
of  the  college,  becaufe  he  could  not  live  in  peace  with  the  Cove- 
nanters. And  thereafter,  the  faid  Mr.  Strachan  went  abroad  and 
Ifudied  phyfick,  and  was  graduated  dodor  of  phyfick.  Then  he 
came  home  to  fee  his  father  and  his  friends;  and  after  that  he 
■went  again  abroad,  turned  popilli,  and  died  abroad,  &c. 

After  the  faid  Mr.  George  Gordon  had  flaid  four  years  in  the 
college,  and  graduated  a  clafs,  he  went  abroad  and  ftudied  the 
laws,  came  home,  and  became  Laird  of  Haddo,  Prefident  of  the 
SefTion,  Earl  of  Aberdeen,  and  Chancellor  of  Scotland,   as  faid  is. 

Principal  Row  was  a  man  who  was  well  feen  in  the  Latin, 
Greek,  and  Hebrew  langviages,  and  had  great  authority  in  the 
college;  but,  anno  16G1,  he  dimitted  his  charge  after  King- 
Charles  IPs  reftoration.  For  he  was  a  Covenanter,  and  had  writ- 
ten fome  things  in  his  books  againft  the  royal  family;  which 
books  w^ere  taken  out  of  the  college,  and  had  to  the  crofs  of 
Aberdeen,  and  burnt  by  the  hand  of  the  hangman. 

Thereafter  he  went  to  Nev/  Aberdeen,  and  took  up  a  private 
fchool;  for  he  had  laid  nothing  up  to  maintain  himfclf  when  he 
was  out  of  place,  and  therefore  lived  by  keeping  the  f;iid  fchool, 

•  and 


HISTORY     OF      A  RE  R  DEE  N.  i-6. 


J 


and  for  the  moil  part  by  charity.      At  laft,  he  went  to  Kincllar,. 

and  ftaid   with  Mr.  John  Mercer,   his  fon-in-law,  and  daughter;. 

where  at  lall  he  died,  and  was  interred  at  the  Weil  end  of  the 

church  of  Kinellar,  in  the  church-yard. 

Anno  1665,  Mr.  Alexander  Middleton,  miniiler  in  Old  Aber- 
deen, who  formerly  had  been  fubprincipal,  was  chofen  principal 

of  the  college.      He  was  a  good,  honeft,  well-living  man. 

hi  his  time  the  college  flouriflied,  and  he  caufed  good  order  ta 

be  kept  therein.      He  was  graduated  doCtor  of  divinity  by  bifliop.- 

Halyburton  of  Aberdeen,,  1683. 

In  his  time  the  new  work  of  the  college  above-mentioned  w  ^s. 

plenilhed  v/ithin  as  it  now  remains.      He  continued  a  long  time. 

principal,  till  a  little  before  his  death,  that  wi4:h  confent  of  the. 

raatfcrs  he  refigned  his  place  in  favour  of  his  fon  after-mentioned. 
Then  fucceeded  to  be  principal  dodfor  George  Middleton  (Ion  to*. 
Dr.  Alexander  Middleton  aforelaid),  who  is  a  great  and  excellent 
humaniit,  philofopher,  and  divine.  He  was  firit  miniiler  at  the 
church  of  Glames;  from  thence  called  to  the  college  in  Old  Aber- 
deen, where  he  was  five  years  regent;  then  feven  fubprincipal,. 
and  thirty-five  principal.  He  was  graduated  doclor  of  divinity  by 
the  archbifliop  of  St.  Andrew's,  and  is  a  man  of  a  fingular  life  and 
converfation,  quahiied  to  be  a  principal  in  any  Univerfity  in  the.. 
Idngdom. 

Anno  1 7 1 6,  the  vilitors  of  fchools  and  colleges  who  had  gotten 
a  commiflion  from  King  George  for  that  eifedt,  their  number  was 
twenty,  but  only  fifteen  of  the  faid  number  came  to  Aberdeeuj 
Auguft  29,  and  year  aforelaid;  and  did  every  thing  by  informa- 
tion of  the  prefbyterian  clergy  and  magiftrates  of  Aberdeen  ;  and 
thereafter  the  faid  viiitors  charged  all  the  matters  of  the  King's 
college  to  appear  before  them  at  Edinburgh  upon  the  yth  of  April, 
I  7  17,  except  doctor  Urquhart,  profefTor  of  phylick;  Mr.  David. 

Anderfon,. 


3  66  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

Aiitlerfon,  profeffor  of  dmiiity ;  and  Mr.  George  Gordon,  profeflbr 
of  JciBgna'ges. 

At  which  time  they  depofed  dotSlor  James  Urquhart  and  Mr. 
Richard  Gordon,  two  hopeful  young  men,  regents  in  the  laid  col- 
lege, and  difcharged  the  mafrers  from  the  privilege  of  eleiling  new 
regents  to  fill  the  vacancies.      And  then  iummoned  all  the  mailers 

O 

again  ft  the  4th  day  of  June,  17  17,  except  Mr.  David  Anderibn, 
to  appear  before  them,  concerning  the  college'  revenues.  At 
which  tinie  they  depofed  Dr.  George  Middieton,  principal  of  the 
faid  King's  college,  and  Mr.  John  Gordon,  civiliit  there.  And  the 
reft  of  the  m.afters  are  of  ne\V"  fufpended  and  fi  rnmoned  the  third 
time  to  appear  before  the  faid  vifitors  at  Edinbuii^h,  upontiie  i8th 
day  of  July,   1717. 

Anno  1717?  November  3,  the  minifters  of  the  Old  and  New 
*rovv-ns  of  Aberdeen,  with  the  m.agiftrates  thereof,  entered  at 
Aberdeen  the  young  Laird  of  Troup,  advocate  at  Edinburgh,  to 
be  civiiift  in  the  King's  college,  whit:h  way  of  entering  is  againft 
the  foundation  of  the  college,  and  has  not  been  pradifed  formerly. 

Anno  1 7 1 7,  upon  the  1 9th  of  November,  came  Mr.  Chalmers, 
rainifter  at  Kilwinning,  to  Old  Aberdeen,  to  be  principal  of  the 
Kine's  coUeo-e,  and  two  youne  men  with  him;  the  one  called  Mr. 
Bradiut,  and  the  other  Mr.  Ker,  to  be  regents  in  the  faid  college. 
And,  upon  the  2, 2d  of  the  faid  month,  they  came  to  the  college 
by  themfelves;  and  faid,  they  had  prcfentations  from  King  George, 
which  the  vifitors  had  purchafed  to  them.  But,  principal  Mid- 
dieton, and  the  faid  Mr.  John  Gordon,  Dr.  James  Urquhart,  and 
Mr.  Richard  Gordon,  protefted  againft  them. 

The  new  principal,  Mr.  Chalmers,  and  his  new  regents,  fum- 
mofied  principal  Middieton,  Dr.  James  Urquhart,  and  Mr.  Richard 
Gordon,  before  the  llieriff,  to  obtain  a  Decreet  of  Ejection  againft 
them  out  of  the  college.     But,  in  the  interim,  they  got  a  Sift  from 

the 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  267 

the  Lords  of  Seflion  ;  and  the  adtion  vas  to  come  before  the  faid 
Lords,  and  from  them  to  the  parHament.  But  the  Taid  Mr. 
Chahiiers  went  South,  and  got  a  warrant  from  the  faid  vifitors,  to 
break  up  the  chamber  doors  belonging  to  principal  Middleton,  and 
to  the  faid  Dr.  James  Urquhart  and  Mr.  Richard  Gordon.  Where- 
ui:)on  the  laid  Mr.  Chalmers  and  his  new  regents,  caufed  break 
up  the  faid  doors  in  the  college,  March  31,  17  i  8. 

Anno  1718,  upon  17th  of  April,  the  faid  new  principal  and 
his  regents,  did  chufe  the  Laird  of  Echt,  elder,  to  be  redor  of  the 
King's  college  in  Old  Aberdeen,  who  is  a  bigot  preibyterian. 

Anno  17  18,  upon  the  25th  of  April,  the  faid  new  principal 
and  his  new  regents  caufed  the  llieriff  of  Aberdeen  break  up  the 
doors  of  principal  Middleton's  lodging,  which  is  near  to  the  lodg- 
ing, which  is  near  to  the  college,  and  ejecfked  his  pleniOiing  (they 
having  gotten  at  laft  decreet  before  the  Sheriff  for  that  effedt),  and 
for  doing  whereof  the  faid  flierifFwas  well  rewarded. 

Anno  17  18,  in  the  end  of  Auguft,  Mr.  Chalmers,  principalj 
went  to  London,  to  get  an  augmentation  of  his  falary,  and  money 
to  repair  the  college ;  and  before  he  went  thither,  every  one  of  the 
mailers  gave  him  live  pounds  fterling,  v/hich,  with  his  proportion, 
made  fifty  pounds  fterling,  for  making  of  his  expences  ;  and  what 
more  he  fliould  happen  to  be  at,  the  mailers  mufb  pay  their  lliares, 
thereof. 

The  mafters  were  never  i'o  treated  formerly  by  their  principals. 
..  Anno  17  1 8,  in  the  month  of  December,  the  mafters  of  the 
college  got  forty-fix  young  trees  out  of  Mr.  Mitchell's  large  yard 
chanonry,  prefent  minifter  of  St.  Machar's  church  in  Old  Aber- 
deen, vv'hich  trees  had  been  planted  by  the  deceafed  Mr.  Corfe, 
fometime  minifter  of  faid  ch urea;  and  the  maftfrs  of  the  faid  col- 
lege have  planted  them  upon  the  Eaft  fide  of  the  college  yard  and 
oIHce  houfesj  and  have  planted  about  thirty -two  trees  more,  near 
I  to 


•^68  HISTORY     OF      A  B  E  R  D  E  E  N. 

to  ths  tlireiliing  barn,  and  great  way  that  goeth  to   the  hnk?, 
anno  1725, 

Anno  1719,  the  iftof  JunCj  the  faid  principal  Chalmers  re- 
turned to  Aberdeen  from  London,  and  told  the  mailers,  1  hat  he 
v/as  obliged  to  light  the  college,  what  it  would  need  to  repair  it, 
and  he  fliould  get  fapply.  Accordingly  the  faid  principal  Chalm- 
ers called  tradefmen  to  the  college,  and  dellred  them  to  confider 
how  much  money  would  be  needful  to  repair  the  college,  iupport 
the  crown  thereof,  and  its  chapel,  and  the  principal's  lodging.  At 
lail,  when  the  faid  tradefmen  had  lighted  the  college,  and  con- 
sidered what  reparations  it  would  need ;  they  declared  it  would 
take  three  thoufand  pounds  ilerling;  but  whether  the  college  will 
getfo  much  money  from  the  government  is  uncertain. 

The  ivory  crov;n  of  ivory  flowers  was  made  by  Mrs.  Lees, 
whole  hufband  was  a  principal  man  of  advocate  Black's  failory  in 
Old  Aberdeen.  This  crovai  is  large,  and  is  made  up  of  feveral 
forts  of  coloured  flowers,  which  the  ftudents  of  the  Magiftrand 
dais  bought,  and  gave  her  fixty  pounds  Scots  for  it.  It  hangs 
yearly  in  the  common  fchool,  in  the  time  of  graduations,  and  at 
other  times  in  the  bibliotheck> 

The  turret  and  fpire  on  the  top  of  the  new  work  of  the  faid 
college  was  built,  anno  1675,  by  David  Murray,  mafon,  and  John 
Scott,  plummer,  leaded  it;  in  which  is  a  little  room  for  keeping 
the  mathematical  inftruments  pertaining  to  the  college. 

Anno  17 15,  upon  Candlemas-day,  the  South-Eaft  turret  or 
fpire  at  the  end  of  the  common  hall  of  the  faid  college,  was  turned 
down  by  an  extraordinary  great  wind  which  happened  the  afore- 
faid  dav. 

The  aforcfaid  bifliop  Elphingfton  built  the  principals  two 
chambers,  one  whereof  is  a  large  room  well  adorned  with  feveral 
pictures.     Alfo,  he  gave  feveral  hangings  to  the  college,  which 

are 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  169 

are  made  ufe  of  at  the  time  of  graduations.     Thefe  chambers  are 
well  covered  with  lead. 

Likewife,  the  faid  bifliop  Elphingfton  built  the  common  fchool 
and  common  hall  of  the  faid  college,  in  which  hall  there  are  two 
folding  tables  for  the  raafters  and  gentlemen's  fons  to  dine  and  fup 
at;  and  fiK  long  old-fafliioned  tables  for  the  ufe  of  the  burfars  to 
dine  and  fup  at.  But  the  burfars  complained  fome  years  ago 
that  they  were  not  well  entertained  in  the  faid  college,  therefore 
they  got  liberty  to  board  themfelves  where  they  pleafed  in  the 
town  of  Old  Aberdeen. 

There  is  in  the  faid  common  hall  a  large  and  high  pulpit  of 
wainfcot  for  one  of  the  burfars  to  read  church  hiltory  at  the  time 
of  dinner  and  fupper  ;  and  when  dinner  and  fupper  are  ended, 
he  reads  a  chajDter  of  the  Bible,  and  fings  fome  part  of  a  Pfalm. 

There  are  alio  in  the  faid  common  hall  about  twenty-one  pic- 
tures of  fevcral  perfons,  hanging  about  the  w^alls  thereof,  many  of 
which  are  much  defaced. 

Only  the  pidlure  of  Queen  Mary  of  Scotland  and  that  of  Mr. 
George  Buchanan  remain  yet  clear.  This  common  hall  is  alfo 
covered  with  lead. 

William  Stewart,  bifliop  of  Aberdeen,  built  the  bibliotheckof  the 
college,  as  witnefs  his  name  upon  it;  and  it  is  well  covered  with 
lead,  as  is  faid,  and  well  plenilhed  with  books. 

The  office-houfes  were  removed  out  of  the  coIlege>  and  built 
upon  theEaft  lide  of  the  common  hall,  anno  1703. 

The  armorial  coat  of  tlie  King's  college  in  Old  Aberdeen  is  a 
cann  with  three  lilies  fpringing  out  of  it,  a  book  with  a  hand, 
with  three  falmon  fiflies. 

The  King's  armorial  coat  is  very  well  cut  out  of  ftone,  and  af- 
fi:xed  above  the  entry  gate  of  the  faid  college. 

The  timber  mufes  or  little  chambers  at  the  Eaft  end  of  the 
college  chapel,  were  buiit  when  the  building  of  the  faid  new  work 

Z  was 


1 70  HISiTORY     OF^    ABERDEEN. 

\y,as  b.uil.t;,. ill  which  there  is  a  bell  that  is  rung  at  feveral  hoiirSj 
both  in  the  clay  and  night  time ;  and  the  chimneys  of  the  laid 
timber  mufes  going  up  through  the  wall  of  laid  new  work, 
jhew  that  the  faid  timber  mvafes  were  built  with  the  faid  new 
work  now  called,  the  Iquare-'Work  of  the  college. 

The  mafters  of  the  college  began  to  build  of  new  the  South 
fide  of  the  coUegei  anno  1707. 

Anno  1 7  1 9,  principal  Chalmers  and  his  new  regents  purfue 
doflor  Middleton  late  principal  of  the  King's  college ;  iirft,  becaufe 
he  had  kept  three  thoufand  merks  of  the  college  money  dry,  and 
had  neither  paid  debt  with  it  nor  lent  it  out  upon  interelt.  Se- 
condly, when  he  had  the  keeping  of  the  bibliotheck,  there  were 
two  magiftrand  clafTes,  viz.,  one  of  Mr.  Black's,  and  another  of  Mr. 
George  Frafer's,  fubprincipal,  who  had  not  paid  in  their  money  to 
the  bibliotheck,  viz.  each  of  them  that  were  graduated  at  that 
time  4I.  Scots.  Thirdly,  for  going  South,  and  Ipending  four- 
hundred  pounds  fterling,  to  bring  Mr.  Sympfon  to  be  a  regent  in 
the  faid  college. 

However,  at  lafl:  Dr.  Middleton  was  content  to  fubmit  this  adion 
to  two  perfons ;  the  college  to  choofe  one,  and  he  w^ould  choofe 
another.  So  they  chofe  young  Edit  and  Dr.  Middleton  Afflick. 
and,  with  both  confents,  colonel  Buchan  w'as  cliofen  overfman. 

There  w^as  a  fubmiffion  drawn  and  figned.-^y  both  parties  and 
the  arbitrators  and  overfman.  They  met  at  Aberdeen  the  firft 
Monday  of  November,  1 7 1 9,  where  the  adfion  was  debated  for 
t  yo  or  three  days;  and  Dr.  Middleton  made  his  innocency  to  ap- 
pear of  all  the  aforefaid  things  laid,  to  his  charge. 

Principal  Chalmers  feeing  that  the  adlion  would  go  againfl  him, 
inftrnniented  young  Edit  that  he  fliould  do  nothing  in  tb.at  ac- 
tion ;  and  alfo  inftrnniented  colonel  Buchan  that  he  neither  fliould 
do  any  thing  in  that  affair.  But  notwithftanding  colonel  Buchan 
pronounced  the  decreet  in  favour  cf  Dr.  Middleton ;  and  Mr. 
I  Chalmers 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  171 

Chalmers  and  his  new  regents  will  not  get  it  reduced,  as  judicious 
men  relate  ;  and  alio,  there  were  five  hundred  merks  of  failzie, 
contained  in  the  faid  fubmiffion.  But  notwithftanding  the  laid 
principal  Chalmers  raifed  a  jTummonds  of  redu6lion  againft  Dr. 
Middleton;  and  caufed  give  him  a  fummons  before  the  Lords  of 
SefTion  upon  the  13th  of  January,  to  that  effed:;  and  reducing 
the  faid  decreet-arbital  pronounced  by  the  aforefaid  colonel 
Buchan. 

Anno  17 2T,  in  the  month  of  January,  the  faid  principal 
Chalmers  reduced  the  abovementioned  decreet-arbitral  before  the 
Lords  of  Seffion;  v/hich  was  contrary  to  the  judgment  of  learned 
men. 

But  Dr.  Middleton  hath  appealed  to  the  parliament,  and  the 
faid  Lords  of  Parliament  have  determined  againft  the  faid  Mr. 
Chalmers;  and  he  is  obliged  to  pay  the  failzie  of  five  hundred 
merks  contained  in  the  fubmiffion. 

Several  years  ago  the  lady  Barns  claimed  the  Balfield  of  the 
grammar-fchool  of  the  Old  Town  college,  as  pertaining  to  the 
lands  of  Sunnie-Side,  which  lies  between  the  canonift's  gleib  and 
the  firr-hill  of  Sunnie-Side;  concerning  which  Balfield  there 
rofe  a  great  difpute  between  the  humanift  of  the  faid  college  and 
the  faid  Lady  Barns.  At  laft  it  was  referred  to  arbitrators,  Sec. 
and  the  faid  cohere  fued  out  the  faid  Balfield  to  the  Ladv  Barns  for 
3s.  fterling  in  the  year  of  fue-duty. 

Anno  1720,  upon  the  2d  of  February,  principal  Chalmers 
preached  firft  in  the  college  chapel,  where  he  caufed  all  the 
mafters  of  the  college,  with  the  lludents,  and  the  humanift  with 
his  fcholars,  come  to  the  faid  college  chapel,  and  be  his  hearers, 
upon  the  aforefaid  day  of  February  being  Monday,  and  refolved 
to  preach  every  Monday  in  the  faid  chapel.  It  belongs  to  his 
office  to  preach  in  the  faid  chapel. 

Z   a  Mr. 


172  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

Mr.  George  Gordon  entered  into  the  college  in  King  WilliarrA 
time,  to  be  profeffor  of  the  Oriental  languages,  and  hath  twelve 
hundred  merks  of  the  bifliop's  rents  for  his  falary  yearly. 

Doctor  Urquhart,  college  phyfician,  hath  fet  his  gleib  to  a  te- 
nant, for  \vhich  the  faid  tenant  pays  yearly  twenty  pounds  Scots^ 
1720. 

Item,  the  canonift's  gleib  is  fett  to  a  tenant,  and  he  pays  yearly 
for  it  twenty-three  pounds  Scots,  1720. 

Item,  the  humanilVs  gleib  is  fett  ta  a  tenant,  wha  pays  yearly 
for  it  forty  pounds  Scots  (which  is  too  much)  1720. 

Item,  the  civilift's  gleib  and  yard  is  fett  to  a  tenant,  for  which 
he  pays  yearly  nine  firlots  of  bear;  and  the  faid  tenant  hath  built 
a  little  houfe  to  himfelf,  and  upon  his  ow^n  expences,  upon  the 
yard  dyke  thereof  to  the  ftreetj  and  poITefles  the  faid  gleib  and 
yard,  anno  1720. 

On  the  feal  of  the  faid  college  (whereof  the  face  is  filver), 
is  cut  out  the  college  armorial  coat,  with  this  infcription,  Sigil/um 
Univerjitatis  beatcv  Marine.  AberdonenJJs.  And  with  it  are  ftamped 
all  the  feals  upon  wiiite  and  red  wax,  in  a  white  iron  box;  and  are 
appended  to  all  the  charters  which  the  mafters  of  this  college  grant 
to  their  vaffals.  And  one  of  the  laid  mafters,  who  is  keeper  of 
this  feal,  gets  for  every  feal  he  flamps  four  pounds  and  four  fliil- 
IJngs  Scots. 

Mr.  Chalmers,  principal  of  the  King's  college,  having  fufpended 
Dr.  Middleton's  five  hmidred  merks  of  Failzie  decreeted  by  the 
Lords  of  Parliament,  and.  ordained  by  them  to  be  paid  to  the  faid- 
doctor  Middleton  ;  this  year,  1722,  at  the  difcuffing  of  the  faid 
fufpenfion,  the  Lords  of  Seflion  at  Edinburgh  have  determined  in 
favour  of  the  faid  college,  and  againftthe  faid  Dr.  Middleton,  not- 
withftanding  of  the  decreet  of  the  Lortls  of  Parliament. 

Anno 


HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN.  175 

Anno  1 7  2  I  ^  Dr.  Midclietonj,  late  principal  of  the  King's  college, 
fummoncd  Mr.  Chalmers  principal,  Mr.  Bradfut,  Mr.  Kerr,  and 
the  laird  of  Troup,  younger,  civilift,  for  turning  the  faid  Dr.  Mid- 
dleton,  Dr.  James  Urquhart,  regent,  Mr.  John  Gordon,  civilift,  and 
Mr.  Richard  Gordon,  regent,  out  of  their  places,  without  law  cr 
any  fault;  and  alfo  all  the  reft  of  the  mailers  of  the  faid'  college 
were  furamoned  to  appear  before  the  Lords  of  Seffion  at  Edin- 
burgh, upon  the  15th  of  June  and  2  2d  of  the  fame  month,  for 
firlt  and  fecond  diets.  This  copy  was  laid  on  upon  the  20th  day 
of  May,  and  year  aforcfaid.  If  the  laid  Lords  of  the  Seffion  deter- 
mine againft  Dr.  Middleton,  Mr.  John  Gordon,  Dr.  James  Urq^uhart, 
and  Mr.  Richard  (Gordon;   they  will  appeal  to  the  parliament. 

In  the  end  of  March,  anno  1724,  Mr.  Alexander  Fraier,  fab- 
principal  in  the  King's  college  Old  Aberdeen,  did  buy  the  civilili's 
place  from  the  laird  of  Troup,  younger,  for  the  ufe  and  behoof  of 
Alexander  Frafer,  advocate,  his  Ion ;  and  gives  the  faid  laird  of' 
Troup,  younger,  for  it  four  thoufand  five  hundred  merks  Scots. 

Dr..  Patrick  Urquhart  died  on  St.  Thomas's  even,  December  20,, 
anno  1725,  in  the  S4th  year  of  his  age  ;   and  had  been  54  years 
phylician  in  the  King's  college  of  Old  Aberdeen.      He  ^yas   a  man^ 
of  learning  and  parts;   a  fon  of  the  family  of  Meldrum,  and  his 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Airly,  8cc. 

The  laird  of  Glenfarquhar  in  the  Mearns  left  in  legacy  feven 
burfes  to  the  fchools  at  the  churches  of  Camvey  and  Fordoun  in 
tlie  faid  Mearns,  with  rents  for  their  maintainance;  But  Newton 
Falconer,  who  fell  heir  to  the  faid  Glenfarqvihar,  reduced  the  feven 
burfes  at  the  fchool  of  Camvey  and  Fordoun  before  the  parliament 
of  Great  Britain  to  four  burfes.  Alfo,  he  hath  redueed  the  feven 
burfes  at  the  King's  college,  before  the  faid  parliament,  to  four 
burfars.  Each  of  the  faid  four  burlars  at  the  King's  college  have 
yearly  Sol.  Scots.     The  faid  Newton  Falconer,  to  free  liimfelf  en» 

tirely 


174  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN: 

tirely  of  the  faid  four  burfars  at  the  King's  college,  provided  the 
llockofthe  faid  burfars  money,  and  configned  it  into  the  trea- 
furer  of  MontrolTe's  hands  upon  Martinmas  day,  anno  1722,  which 
money  was  about  ten  thoufand  merks  Scots, 

Anno  1723,  this  year  there  is  no  college  table  kept  in  the  col- 
lege of  Old  Aberdeen;  the  like  has  not  been  thefe  many  years 
bygone,  for  this  year  there  are  no  gentlemen's  fons  of  diftindion 
at  the  college. 

Anno  1723,  Mr.  Frafer,  who  refided  at  London,  and  is  a  di- 
redor  of  an  hofpital  there,  came  this  year  to  the  King's  college  in 
Old  Aberdeen,  and  gifted  the  matters  of  the  faid  college  fome 
boxes  with  books;  and  alfo  gave  them  50I.  flerling  in  bank  notes. 
Item,  the  fame  Mr.  Frafer  is  a  great  benefadtor  to  the  King's  col- 
lege in  Old  Aberdeen.  He  gifted  to  it  other  500I.  fterling,  mak- 
ing in  all  with  the  aforefaid  50I.  and  another  50I.  llerling  6col. 
and  is  to  give  lool.  every  year  that  he  lives.  Item,  he  hath 
founded  three  burfars  in  the  faid  college,  viz.  two  for  philofophy 
and  one  for  divinity.  Each  of  the  burfars  of  philofophy  gets 
yearly  54I.  Scots.  The  burfar  of  divinity  gets  yearly  81.  flerling, 
and  alfo  is  keeper  of  the  library  of  the  faid  college,  for  which  he 
gets  an  half  hour's  entertainment  at  the  college  table. 

The  South  fide  of  the  college  was  rebuilt  from  the  common - 
hall  (except  a  room  length  next  the  ftair,  as  people  pafs  up  to  the 
principal's  chamber);  it  was  perfected  and  leaded,  anno  1726. 

Dr.  Gregory  was  immediately  after  Dr.  Urquhart's  death  ad- 
mitted phyfician  in  the  King's  college,  anno  1725  ;  and  the  faid 
Dr.  Gregory  hath  repaired  his  lodging  belonging  to  the  college, 
anno  1727;  and  hath  built  to  it  a  toofall,  for  giving  it  a  better 
entry  to  the  rooms  than  it  had  formerly,  in  which  toofall  he  hath 
a  little  room  for  a  ftudy,  and  a  little  room  below  it  behde  the  flair- 
cafe.  He  hath  alfo  repaired  the  garden  dyke,  and  hath  begun  to 
cnclofe  his  glei]>,  a  part  whereof  he  hath  enclofed  with  a  ilone 

dyke, 


HISTORY      OF      ABERDEEN.  175 

dyke,  and  planted  it  within  the  aforefaid  year,  and  hath  enclofed 
the  reft  of  his  aforefaid  gleib  this  year  1728. 

The  aforefaid  Mr.  Frafer  at  London,  who  is  redtor  of  Kelfay 
college  this  year  i  727,  hath  given  the  mafters  of  the  King's  col- 
lege another  r col.  fterling,  which  makes  in  all,  with  what  he 
had  fornaerly  given,  700I.  ftcrling. 

Memorandum.  The  new  college  of  St.  Andrew's  was  accident- 
ally burnt  about  the  26th  of  Ja-nuary,  1727,  and  Mr.  Haddan,, 
profeffbr  of  ecclellaftical  hillory,  was  burnt  in  it. 

King  James  iV.  was '  tl}6'  firft  who  wrote  Latin  (of  modern 
princes)  with  majefty  and  "eloquence;  the  firil  of  thofe  excellen- 
cies was  owing  to  that  grandeur  of  his  own  genius,  and  the  fub- 
limity  of  his  thoughts;  but  the  purity  of  tlic  language  and  elegance 
of  the  ftile  mult  be  aicribed'  to  the  accurate  pen  of  his  fecretary 
.Mr,  Patrick  Politer,  abbot  of  Gambuflcen.'ieth,  as  faith  Dr.  Aber- 
cromby. 

The ,  oeconomus  oP  the  King's  college  in  Old  Aberdeen  hath 
yearly,,  from  , the, procurator  of  the  faid  college  1 1  2I.  of  monev, 
alfo  fix  bolls  of  bear  and  fix  bolls  of  meal,  with  four  ftones  of 
butter. 

Thejanitor  hath  yearly  from  the  college  24I.  Scots  money,  and 
24I."  money  aforefaid,  to  hire  an  houfe  for  himfelf.  Item,  he  hath 
twenty  fliillings  Scots  from  every  burfar,  and  two  fliillings  and 
fix  pence  ftcrling  from  libertines.  Alfo,  he  hath  the  mafter's  gra- 
tuity at  New-Year's  day;  Item,  the  gratuity  which  noblemen  and 
gentlemen  give  him  who  come  to  vifit  the  college,  before  whom 
the  faid  janitor  carried  the  fceptre. 

The  fvibjanitor  is  the  college  officer,  who  gets  yearly  from  the 
procurator  of  falary,  tVvO  bolls  of  meal  and  3I.  Scots,  to  buy  fiioes 
to  himfelf,  and  for  that  muft  go  through  three  pariflies,  viz.  Old 
Machar,  New  Machar,  and  the  parilh  of  New  Hills,  and  gather  in 
their  rents  and  duties.     He  hath  aUb  one  fliilling  fterling  from 

every 


176  HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 

every  ftudent  who  is  a  libertine,  with  fome  gratuity  from  the 
mailers  of  the  college  at  New-Year's  day. 

The  cook  of  thefaid  college  had  a  croft  in  former  times  lying 
upon  the  South  fide  of  the  mercate  gate  as  people  pafs  by  the 
mortar  hole. 

This  croft  would  fow  fix  firlots  of  bear;  but  it  is  a  long  time 
fince  this  croft  was  taken  from  the  cook. 

The  facrirt  in  the  college  in  the  time  of  popery  was  a  priell 
and  in  holy  orders,  who  kept  the  velh-y,  and  took  care  of  the  bells. 

Now  the  janitor  of  the  college  doth  affume  that  title  to  himfelf, 
without  any  ground  or  authority. 

Patrick  Forbes  of  Gorfe  and  minifter  of  the  gofpel  at  the  church 
of  Keith,  who  was  advanced  to  be  bifliop  of  Aberdeen  anno  1 6i  8 ; 
he  and  the  fynod  of  Aberdeen  provided  money  of  their  own,  and 
brought  the  lands  of  Cavintrallion  and  Scotfmill;  reckoned  eight 
chalders  of  meal,  bear,  and  money,  to  be  a  falary  for  a  profeflbr  of 
divinity  in  the  King's  college  of  Old  Aberdeen  ;  which  lands  lie 
within  the  parifli  of  Kinnelar,  and  the  flieriffdom  of  Aberdeen. 


Here  follows  a  lift  of  of  thofe  gentlemen  who  have  been  Pro- 
rEssoRs  of  Divinity  in  the  King's  College  of  Old  Aber- 
deen. 

The  firft  profeflbr  was  Dr.  John  Forbes,  fon  to  the  faid  Patrick 
Forbes,  bilhop  of  Aberdeen.  He  was  born  May  2,  1593.  After 
he  had  learned  the  grammar  authors,  he  was  put  to  the  college 
of  Old  Aberdeen,  anno  1607,  where  he  ftudied  philofophy,  and 
thereafter  went  abroad  to  the  Proteftant  Univerfity  of  Heydelberg 
in  Germany,  under  the  care  of  Dr.  Parceus  the  famous  theologus, 
and  alfo  to  other  Univerfities  there,  where  he  ftudied  divinity,  the 
Hebrew  language,  and  the  writings  of  the  fathers,  ^c. 

He 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  177 

He  returned  home,  anno  16 19.  The  fame  year,  at  the  time 
of  a  fynod  in  Aberdeen,  he  is  called  to  be  profcifor  of  divinity  in 
the  faid  colleoc. 

O 

He  was  examined  upon  feveral  theological  heads  by  Dr.  William 
Forbes,  dean  of  faculty,  and  fuftained  a  difpute  anent  his  tlieolo- 
gical  thefes,  with  applaufe  of  all  of  the  clergy ;  and  the  fame  year 
on  the  27  th  of  April,  he  is  declared  profeflbr  of  divinity  in  the  faid 
college.  Several  years  thereafter  he  was  called  to  be  profeflbr 
and  minifter  of  Aberdeen. 

The  fecond  profeiTor  of  divinity  in  the  faid  college  was  Dr.  An- 
drew Strachan  (after  Dr.  Forbes  was  called  to  Aberdeen);  he  had 
been  a  regent  in  the  faid  college,  and  after  was  called  to  be  mi- 
nifter at  the  church  of  Logie-durns,  alias  called  the  chapel  of  Gar- 
rioch ;  from  thence  he  was  called  to  be  profeflbr  of  divinity  in  the 
faid  college. 

His  brother  Mr.  Alexander  Strachan  fucceeded  him  to  the 
church  of  Logie-durns,  anno  1635.  The  faid  Dr.  Andrew,  when 
he  came  to  Old  Aberdeen  to  be  profeflbr  of  divinity,  lived  in  this 
poft  little  above  a  year,  while  he  died,  and  left  his  books  to  the 
library  of  the  faid  college.  Erat  hoino  de  Uteris^  ^  literatis  op- 
time  rneritus. 

After  the  death  of  the  faid  Dr.  Andrew  Strachan,  the  aforefaid 
Dr.  John  Forbes  was  called  back  again  to  be  profeifor  in  the  faid 
college,  where  he  remained  till  the  covenanters  declared  his  place 
vacant  anno  1643,  becaufc  he  would  not  fign  the  covenant.  He 
bought  the  lodging  in  the  chaplain's  for  the  ufe  of  a  profeflbr  of 
divinity.  He  was  a  learned  and  an  excellent  fcholar,  as  his  writ- 
ings do  teftify.  He  went  to  Holland  anno  1644,  where  he  ftaid 
two  years,  and  returned  anno  1646,  and  lived  pioufly  at  his  own 
houfe  of  Corfe,  where  he  died  anno  1648,  and  is  interred  in  the 
church  yard  of  Leuchil. 

A  a  The 


178  HISTORY     OF      ABERDEEN. 

The  third  profelTor  of  divinity,  after  Dr.  Forbes's  place  was  de- 
clared vacant,  was  Mr.  William  Douglas,  minifterof  Forgue,  chofen 
by  the  covenanters  to  be  profefibr  of  divinity 'in  the  King's  college. 
He  was  reckoned  a  great  man  among  the  covenanters,  next  to  Mr. 
Alexander  Ilenderfon.  He  entered  to  be  profeffor  about  the  yeai? 
1644,  and  continued  till  Charles  the  Second's  reftoration,  and  then 
he  joined  the  epifcopal  party,  and  kept  his  place.  He  had  been 
fixteen  years  minifter  at  the  church  at  Forgue,  and  thereafter  was 
profefTor  of  divinity  in  the  King's  college  twenty-two  years.  He 
was  v^'cll  acquainted  with  the  writings  of  the  fathers,  and  a  great 
difputcr  in  the  fchools  at  graduations.  He  died  anno  1666.  He 
lies  interred  in  the  ch\irch  yard  of  St.  Machar's  church,  uinder  a, 
grave  ilone  upon  the  South  fide  of  the  laid  church,  with  an  in- 
Icription  upon  the  ftonc. 

After  the  death  of  the  faid  Mr.  William  Douglafs,  the  profeflbr's 
place  was  vacant  the  fpace  of  eight  years.. 

The  fourth  profeffor  that  fucceeded  was  Mr.  Henry  Scougal,. 
fon  of  Mr.  Patrick  Scougal,,  biiliop  of  Aberdeen ;  he  had  been 
four  years  regent  in  the  King's  college,  and  thereafter  was  one 
year  minifter  at  the  church  of  Auchtevlefs;  from  whence  he  was 
called  to  be  profeffor  of  divinity  in  faid^  King's  college.  His 
Theological  thefis  wzs  De  o/>JecJQ  cultus  religiofiy  al  his  ad  million, 
anno  1674.  He  continued  to  be  profeffor  the  fpace  of  four  years. 
He  died  anno  1671;  and  of  his  age  2S.  He  left  his  books  to 
^he  library  of  the  college,  and  five  thoafand  merks  to  the  office 
of  a  profeff)r  of  divinity  in  the  faid  college.  He  lies  interred  in 
the  college  chapel  on  the  North  fide  thereof,  oppolite  to  the  high, 
altar  now  called  the  bilhop's  feat  or  defkj  with  an  infcription 
upon  the  wall  above  his  grave;  viz. 


Memorioe-; 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  179 

« 

Memorias  Sacrum. 

**  HenricusScongalj  reverendi  inChrifto  patris,  patricij,  cpifcopi 
Abcrdoncnfis,  filins;  philofophite  ia  hAc  academia  regia  per  qua- 
driennium,  totidemque  annis,  ibidem  theologian  profeiror:  ecclelue 
ill  Auchterlefs  uno  anno  interitite  paftor.  Multa  in  tarn  brevifli- 
mo  curriculo  didicit,  prxftitit,  docuit.  Cocli  avidus  8c  coelo  ma- 
turus  obijt  Anno  Dom.  MDGLXXVIII.  ^tatis  fiue  xxviii. 
Et  hie  exuvias  mortahtatis  pofuit." 

Thereafter  the  office  of  proteffor  of  divinity  was  vacant  about 
two  years. 

The  5th  profelTor  that  fucceeded  was  Dr.  James  Gairden,  tlic 
fon  of  Mr.  Alexander  Gairden,  miniller  of  the  gofpel  at  the  church 
of  Forgue.  The  faid  Dr.  James  was  firft  minifter  at  the  church 
of  New  Machar;  and  thereafter  at  the  church  of  Bombie  in  Fife; 
and  was  called  from  thence  to  be  profeiTor  in  divinity  in  the  King's 
college  of  Old  Aberdeen,  anno  1681.  His  theological  thefes  was 
De  gratia  efficacia.  He  performed  the  office  and  duty  of  a  pro- 
feflbr  with  great  applaufe ;  and  continued  in  the  faid  office  until 
h€  was  put  from  his  poft  about  the  beginning  of  the  late  Revo- 
lution by  the  prefbyteriansj  anno  1697,  thougli  he  was  a  learned, 
devout,  and  religious  man,  and  of  a  circumfpedt  life  arid  converfa- 
tion. 

Afterwards  he  lived  peaceably  and  quietly,  ferving  God  in  his 
own  family.  At  lafl  he  died  in  Old  Aberdeen,  April  8,  1726, 
about  the  80th  year  of  his  age,  and  was  interred  upon  the  i  ith  day 
of  the  faid  April  in  St.  Machar's  church  yard,  near  to  the  South- 
Eaft  dyke  thereof,  oppofite  to  Dr.  Middleton's  brick  houfe,  which 
Hands  at  the  Eaft  end  of  bifliop  Gavin  Dunbar's  ifle. 

After  Dr.  James  Gairden  was  put  from  his  place,  the  office  of 
a  profeflbr  of  divinity  in  the  faid  college  was  fometime  vacant. 

The  6th  and  firll:  prefbyterian  profeffor  of  divinity  in  the  King's 
college,  fince  the  late  Revolution,  was  Mr.  George  Andcrfon,  mi- 

A  a  a  iiifter 


I  So  HISTORY      OF      ABERDEEN. 

nifter  of  the  Gofpel  atTarves.      His  theological  thefes  at  his  ad- 

miflion  was  De  pradejiinatione^  anno .       He  remained  not 

long  in  office;  he  died  anno ,  and  is  interred  in  St.  Machar's 

church- yard,  upon  the  South  ilde,  near  to  Mr.  William  Strachan's 
<i;rave  ftone. 

Thefecond  and  feventh  prefbyterian  profeffor  of  divinity  in  the 
Pling's  college,  is  Mr.  David  Anderlbn,  who  was  minifter  of  the 
Gofpel  at  the  church  of  Foveran.  His  theological  thefis  at  his 
admiflion  was  Be  peccato  originali,  anno  1 7 1 1 ;  he  is  yet  living, 
and  poirciTes  the  place  of  profeflbrfliip  this  year  1726. 

Anno  1  737,  the  faid  Mr.  David  Anderfon  was  made  one  of  the 
King's  chaplains,  for  which  he  is  to  get  yearly  fifty  pounds  fter- 
ling. 


Here  follow  the  Morning  and  Evening  Service  of  the  Cathe- 
dral Church,  which  vfere  compofed  by  Mr.  Henry  Scougal 
ProFeffor  of  Theology  in  the  King's  college. 

The  Morning  Prayer. 

Great  and  glorious  Lord  God,  maker  of  heaven  and  earth,  and 
ruler  of  angels  and  men,  who  art  infinitely  exalted  above  the 
higheft  of  our  thoughts  ;  look  down  from  thy  heavenly  dwelling- 
place,  and  behold  in  mercy  thy  poor  creatures,  who  are  here 
•humbled  before  Thee,  to  adore  and  worihi])  thy  Divine  Majefty; 
to  acknowledge  our  fins,  and  beg  thy  mercy  and  favour;  to  learn 
our  duty  from  the  v/orld,  and  be  further  engaged  to  thy  fervice 
arid  obedience.  Raife  our  fouls  unto  thyfelf,  O  God  ;  and  bow 
down  thy  gracious  ears  to  hear  our  prayers.  Let  the  words  of  our 
7  mouthsj. 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEE  N.  1 8 1 

mouthsj  and  the  meditations  of  our  hearts,  be  acceptable  in  thy 
ilght,  O  Lord,  our  Strength,  and  our  Redeemer.  Unworthy  are 
we,  alas!  to  come  into  thy  prefence;  or  to  take  thy  holy  name  in 
our  mouths,  being  the  wicked  offspring  of  finful  parents,  ftrongly 
ordained  to  that  which  is  evil,  and  averfe  to  any  thing  that  is  truly 
good. 

We  have  erred  and  llrayed  from  thy  ways  like  loft  flieep.  We 
have  followed  too  much  the  devices  and  defires  of  our  own  hearts. 
We  have  offended  againft  thy  holy  laws.  We  have  left  undone 
thofe  things  which  we  ought  to  have  done;  and  we  have  done 
thofe  things  which  we  ought  not  to  have  done;  and  there  is  no 
health  in  us.  But  thou,  O  Lord,  have  mercy  upon  us,  miferable 
offenders.  Spare  thou  them,  O  God,  which  confefs  their  faults. 
Rcftore  thou  them  that  are  penitent;  according  to  thy  promifes 
declared  unto  mankind  in  Chrift  Jefus  our  Lord.  And  grant,  O 
mofl  merciful  Father,  for  his  fake;  that  we  may  hereafter  live  a 
godly,  righteous,  and  fober  life,  to  the  glory  of  thy  holy  name,  and 
the  falvation  of  our  own  fouls.  Prelerve  us,  we  befeech  thee, 
from  every  thing  that  is  difpleafing  in  thy  light;  and  let  never 
the  temptation  of  Satan,  the  allurements  of  the  world,  or  the  cor- 
rupt cuftom,  or  bad  example  of  thofe  we  live  amongft,  fo  far  pre- 
vail with  our  evil  hearts,  as  to  draw  us  into  thoie  fins  which  may 
difhonour  Thee,  or  wrong  our  neighbours,  or  wound  our  own 
confciences.  Keep  us,  O  Lord,  from  neglecting,  thy  worfhip,  or 
profaning  thy  holy  ordinances;  from  abufing  thy  mercies,  or 
murmuring  at  any  of  thy  providences ;  and  from  that  grievous 
lin  which  doth  i'o  much  every  wliere  abound,  the  taking  of  thy 
holy  name  in  vain.  Work  in  us  an  utter  deteftation  of  all  fraud 
and  deceit,  ail  malice  and  envy,  all  Itrife  and  contention,  aU- 
flander  and  backbiting,  that  we  may  never  do  or  wifli  any  evil 
toothers,  nor  delight  to  fpcak  evil  of  them;  let  us  never  deface 
thy  image,  nor  grieve  thy  holy  fpirit,  by  pride,  paflion,  or  difcon- 

tent; 


1 8  2  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

tent;  by  gluttony,  tlrunkennefs,  or  uncleannefs,  or  any  of  thofe 
filthy  vicesl  whereby  the  greateft  part  of  the  world  are  carried 
headlong  into  perdition.  But  teach  us  fo  to  obey  thy  holy  laws, 
and  follow  the  perfect  example  which  the  Lord  Jefus  has  given 
us,  that  we  may  alTure  to  ourfelves  an  intereft  in  that  everlafting 
happinefs  which  is  the  purchafe  of  his  precious  blood.  To  this 
end,  blefs  us  in  reading  and  hearing  thy  holy  word;  that  it  may 
inftru6l  our  judgments,  and  affect  our  hearts,  and  rule  our  lives, 
through  Jefus  Chrlf  omvLord.      Amen. 

After  reading  the  Holy  Scriptures,  foUoweth  the  decalogue,  and 
this  prayer : 

All  honour,  praife,  and  glory  be  afcribed  to  thy  Divine  Majefly, 
O  God,  our  Creator,  Redeemer,  and  Comforter,  by  us  and  all 
reafonable  creatures ;  for  thy  infinite  perfedions,  which  we  can 
never  comprehend;  for  the  creation,  and  that  wife  providence 
whereby  Thou  ruleil  and  gdverneft  the  fame;  for  all  thy  mercies 
we  have  met  with  fmce  we  came  into  the  world;  that  thou  hafl 
preferved  us  from  fo  many  evils,  and  bellowed  fo  many  good 
things  upon  us.  We  blefs  Thee  for  our  health  and  flrength, 
for  our  food  and  raiment,  for  all  the  means  of  our  fubfiftence, 
and  comforts  of  our  life.  That  it  hath  pleafed  Thee  to  preferve 
us,  and  our  habitations,  this  bygone  night  from  fire,  violence,  and 
every  evil  accident;  and  to  bring  us  in  fafety  to  the  beginning  of 
this  day.  But  above  all,  we  adore  and  magnify  Thee,  for  that  in- 
finite mercy  thou  haft  declared  unto  mankind,  in  Chrift  Jefus  our 
Lord;  for  the  example  of  his  holy  life;  for  the  merit  of  his  bitter 
death;  for  all  the  means  of  grace,  and  for  the  hopes  of  everlafting 
glory.  But  what  are  we,  to  fet  forth  thy  praife!  Let  the  peo- 
ple praife  thee,  OGod;  yea  let  all  the  people  praife  thee.  Make 
thy  ways  known  upon  earth,  thy  faving  health  among  all  nations; 
that  from  the  rifingofthe  fun,   to  the  going  down  thereof,  there 

mav 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  183 

may  be  an  holy  and  acceptable  facrifice  offered  unto  thee.  Open 
the  eyes  of  the  blind  Jews.  Bring-in  the  fulnefs  of  the  Gentiles. 
Deliver  the  world  from  Popifh  fuperftition,  and  the  carnal  delu- 
fion  of  Mahomet,  and  every  thing  that  may  hinder  the  progrefs 
and  power  of  this  everlafting  Gofpel,  by  which  we  are  taught  to 
pray  unto  Thee. 

Infpire  thy  univerfal  church  with  the  fpirit  of  holinefs  and 
love  ;  and  grant  unto  all  Chriilian  kings,  princes,  and  governors, 
a  large  meafure  of  wifdom  and  grace,  that  they  may  be  both  able 
and  willing  to  advance  the  great  intereft  of  piety  and  religion, 

Endue  our  fovereign  the  king  with  the  fpirit  of  counfel  and 
judgment;  make  him  happy  in  wife  and  faithful  counfellors,  in 
loyal  and  peaceable  fubjedts,  and  in  the  good  fuccefs  of  all  his 
enterprifes,   for  thy  glory,  and  liis  people's  tranquillity. 

Blefs  all  our  rulers  and  magiftrates,  that  judgment  may  run  as 
a  river,  and  righteoufaefs  as  a  mighty  ftream. 

Illuminate  all  the  bifliops  and  pallors  of  thy  flock,  that  they 
may  feed  the  people  with  knowledge,  and  lead  them  in  the  ways 
of  riohteoafnefs. 

o 

Comfort  the  afflided;  relieve  the  poor;  heal  the  fick  and 
difeafed,  efpecially  thofe  recommended  to  the  aid  of  our  prayers. 

Grant  that  all  men  in  every  condition  of  life  may  be  contented, 
bettered,  and  amended. 

Blefs  us  with  feafonable  weather,  that  the  earth  may  yield  her 
increafe,  and  the  people  be  fatisfied  with  bread. 

Blefs  all  our  friends  and  neighbours.  Reward  thofe  that  have 
done  us  good  ;  and  pardon  all  thofe  that  have  done  us  evil.  Take 
cnre  of  us,  and  all  our  interefts,  throughout  this  day;  guide  us  by 
thy  holy  fpiritj  and  guard  us  by  thy  watchful  providence;  and 
fuffcr  no  evil  to  come  in  near  our  dwelling.  Blefs  us  in  our  out- 
going and  in-coming,  and  ellablifli  the  w^ork  of  our  hands. 

Above. 


i84  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

Above  all,  enable  us  to  do  fomething  for  thy  glory,  and  the 
falvation  of  our  fouls ;  and  grant  that  we  may  return  with  our 
hearts  full  of  love  and  thankfulnefs  to  thee,  in  the  Evening;  to 
praife  and  magnify  thy  continued  favour  towards  us.  And  when 
thofe  few  days  and  nights  wliich  we  are  to  pafs  in  this  wretched 
and  linful  world  fliall  come  to  a  clofe,  condu<5l  us,  O  moft  merciful 
Father,  unto  that  everlafting  blefiednefs  which  was  purchafed  by 
the  blood  of  our  glorious  Redeemer;  by  whom  we  are  encouraged 
to  addrefs  ourfelves  unto  thee ;  and  in  whofe  moft  holy  words  we 
clofe  our  imperfedt  prayer,  as  he  hath  taught  us,  faying,  Our  Fa- 
ther,  &c. 


The  Evening  Service. 

Almighty  and  eternal  God,  vv  ho  dw^lleft  in  the  higheft  heavens, 
and  humbleft  thyfelf  to  behold  the  things  that  are  done  on  the 
face  of  the  earth ;  we  are  affembled  together  in  thy  fand:uary  to 
offer  our  Evening  facrifice  unto  thee;  but  we  may  be  juftly 
afliamed  at  the  thoughts  of  thy  glory,  and  afraid  to  prefent  our- 
felves before  fo  great  and  holy  a  Majefty;  even  that  abounding 
grace  that  invites  us  to  thee,  may  make  us  blufli  and  cover  our 
faces  for  fliame,  when  we  reflecSt  on  our  bafe  ingratitude  to  too 
much  undeferved  love.  It  was  thou  who  madeft  us,  and  not  we 
ourfelves;  and  thou  fent  us  thy  Son  for  to  die  for  us,  and  offereft 
us  the  ailiftance  of  the  Holy  Ghoft,  to  bring  us  unto  thyfelf;  but 
we  have  not  paid  that  honour  and  fervice  which  we  owed  unto 
thee  our  Almighty  Creator ;  nor  valued  as  we  ought  that  great 
Salvation  purchafed  for  us  at  ip  dear  a  rate;  nor  duly  followed  the 
godly  motions  of  thy  Holy  Spirit.  We  have  many  times  neg- 
lected the  duties  of  thy  worfliip,  and  profaned  thy  holy  ordi- 
nances; we  have  abufed  thy  mercies,  and  murmured  againft/ thy 

rods. 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  185 

rods,  and  feldom  fet  thee  before  our  eyes ;  and  whereas  thou  haft 
commanded  us  to  love  our  neighbours  as  ourfelves,  we  have  alfo 
been  very  injurious  to  them  by  evil  counfel  and  bad  example, 
by  prejudging  their  intereft  and  wronging  their  reputation,  by 
doing  them  hurt  or  negleding  to  do  them  good. 

And  though  we  were  made  for  no  meaner  happinefs  than  the 
enjoyment  of  thy  bleffed  felf,  yet  we  have  fet  our  hearts  too  much 
on  worldly  pleafures  and  enjoyments ;  and  inftead  of  that  mode- 
rate ufe  of  thy  good  creatures  which  thou  art  pleafed  to  allow  us, 
have  abufed  them  by  excefs  imto  the  prejudice  of  our  fouls. 

Thus,  Lord,  we  have  finned  againft  our  own  knowledge  and 
our  vows,  againft  thy  promifes  and  threatenings,  and  all  the  gra- 
cious methods  thou  haft  ufed  to  reclaim  us,  and  do  thereby  de- 
ferve  thy  wrath  and  all  the  dreadful  effe<Sls  of  it  as  the  juft  re- 
compence  of  our  offences. 

Nay,  we  acknowledge,  O  God,  the  very  fins  of  this  day  were 
enough  to  condemn  us,  for  we  have  done  little  good  and  much 
evil  fince  the  beginning  of  it;  our  thoughts  have  been  vain  and 
trifling,  our  words  foolilh  or  finful,  our  adlions  for  the  greateft 
part  either  evil  or  to  little  purpofe,  and  though  we  be  one  day 
more  nearer  our  graves,  we  have  made  little  progrefs  unto  that 
work  for  which  thou  haft  fent  us  into  the  world ;  and  now  while 
we  are  confefling  thefc  things  unto  thee  the  little  fenfiblenefs  of 
our  hearts  brings  new  accufations  againft  us.  Oh !  how  juft  were 
it  with  thee  that  we  fliould  lament  thefe  follies  and  fins  unto  all 
eternity,  which  we  now  confefs  with  fo  little  grief  and  bitternefs 
of  fpirit ! 

But  though  we  are  among  the  chief  of  finners,  yet  thou  art  our 
Creator,  and  we  the  workmanfhip  of  thy  hands ;  yea  thou  art  our 
Redeemer,  and  we  thy  people  whom  thou  haft  bought;  and  we 
defire  to  forfake  the  evil  of  our  ways  and  turn  to  thee  the  Lord 
our  God  from  whom  we  have  gone  fo  far  aftray.     Kave  mercy 

B  b  upon 


i85  HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN. 

upon  us,  therefore,  O  moft  merciful  Father,  for  thy  goodnefs  fake, 
and  for  the  merits  of  the  Lamb  of  God  that  takes  away  the  fins  of 
the  world,  blot  out  all  our  iniquities.      By  his  agony  and  bloody 
fweat,  by  his  death  and  bitter  paffion,  by  all  that  he  hath  done 
and  fiifFered  for  us,  deliver  us  from  the  guilt  of  our  fins  and  the 
power  of  our  corrupt  affediions,  and  work  in  our  fouls  an  utter  de- 
teftation   of  every    evil  way.     Enlighten  our  minds  with  true 
knowledge;   purify  our  hearts  with  a  lively  faith  and  hope.      In.- 
flame  our  fouls  with  a  zealous  affedlion  towards  thee  and  love 
towards  all  men  for  thy  fake,  that  it  may  be  the  greatefl  delight 
to  advance  thy  honour  and  glory,   and  do  all  the  good  we  can  to 
thofe  amongft  whom  we  live.     Make  us  humble  and  lowly  in  oiy: 
own  eyes,  meek  and  patient  in  our  converfing  with  others;   never 
doing  wrong  to  any,  and  being  ready  to  pardon  the  greatefl  injuries 
done   to  ourfelves.     Teach  us  to   be  fubmifhve  to^  all  thy  dif- 
penfations,  and  chearful  and  well  content  in  every  condition  thou 
fhalt  be  pleafed  to  carve  out  unto  us.      Make  us  fober  and  tem- 
perate in  all  our  enjoyments,  pure  and  chafle  in  all  our  affeilions 
and  behaviour,  watchful  againft  every  temptation,  and  diligent  in- 
the  performance  of  all  our  duties.      Let  the  life  of  the  Holy  Jefus 
be  always  in  our  thoughts  and  before  our  eyes,  that,  being  in  love 
with  all  thofe  excellent  graces  which  fliined  in  his  bleiTed  foul,  we 
may  never  ceafe  our  endeavours,  till  the  image  of  our  Lord  and 
Saviour  be  fully  formed  within  our  hearts.      And  grant,  O  moil 
merciful  Father,  that  the  reading  and  hearing  of  thy  holy  word  ^t 
this  time  may  help  thus  thereto ;   and  let  the  glory  of  all  redo\uid 
unto  thee,  through  Jefus  Chrift  our  Lord.     Amen. 


The 


HISTORY    OF     ABERDEEN.  187 

The  Evening  Prayer, 
After  the  reading  the  te  Deum  Laudamus^ 


ti 


We  praife  thee,  O  Lord,  we  acknowledge  thee  to  be  the  Lord," 
Sec.  to  this  fentence,  **  Govern  them,  and  hft  them  up  for  ever." 
Let  peace  be  to  our  mother  Sion,  and  let  them  profper  that  love 
her  and  feek  her  good. 

Blefs  and  protedl  our  fovereign  lord  the  king.  Eftablifh  his 
throne  in  righteoufnefs,  and  let  the  crown  flouriili  on  his  head. 
Blefs  his  queen  and  brother,  and  all  his  royal  relations.  Let  the 
lord  of  his  majefty's  privy  council,  the  fenators  of  the  college  of 
juftice,  and  all  inferior  jvidges  and  magift rates  be  {o  dire<5led  and 
affifted  by  thy  grace,  that  we  may  live  quiet  and  peaceable  lives  in 
all  godlinefs  and  honefty. 

Send  down  upon  thy  fervants  the  bifliops  and  paftors  of  thy 
church  fuch  a  plentiful  meafure  of  thy  holy  fpirit  as  the  weight 
and  difficulty  of  their  work  doth  require,  and  let  them  fee  of  the 
fruit  of  their  labours,  and  for  a  perpetual  fucceffion  of  thofe  who 
may  ferve  thee  in  church  and  ftate.  Blefs  all  fchools  and  feminaries 
of  learning,  efpeci ally  the  Univerfity  of  this  place;  and  profper 
the  labours  of  mailers  and  fcholars,  that  piety  and  knowledge  may 
flourifli  therein.  Be  gracious  to  all  ranks  and  conditions  of  men, 
and  blels  them  with  true  piety,  and  with  endowments  fiiitable  to 
their  callings,  and  let  fuccefe  accompany  their  lawful  endeavours ; 
and  as  thou  haft  commanded  us  to  remember  in  our  prayers  the 
troubles  and  neceffities  of  others,  fo  we  humbly  entreat  thee  to 
look  down  with  compaflion  on  the  necefTities  and  calamities  of 
mankind,  and  pity  the  works  of  thy  hands.  Have  mercy,  I^ord, 
on  ideots  and  fools,  all  mad  and  diftradled  perfons,  and  fupply  the 

B  b   a  want 


im         H  I  s  T  o  a  v    d  F    Aberdeen. 

want  of  their  reafon  by  the  condu<fl  of  thy  Providence  and  affifl- 
ance  of  thy  divine  wifdom. 

Speak  peace  to  v/ounded  confciences,  and  grant  them  the  joy  of 
thy  falvation,  fo  as  the  bones  which  thou  haft  broken  may  rejoice 
Vifit  thofe  whom  haft  caft  on  the  bed  of  languifliing,  efpecially 
thofe  that  are  recommended  to  the  aid  of  our  prayers.  Send  a 
happy  dehverance  to  women  travelling  in  child  birth  ;^  and  be 
near  unto  fuch  as  are  drawing  near  the  gates  of  death. 

Comfort  all  thofe  that  are  afflidted  by  lofs  of  friends  or  any  dif- 
aftrous  accident.  Hear  the  cries  of  the  poor,  the  fighs  of  the 
prifoner  and  captive,  and  the  groans  of  all  that  are  opprelied. 

Be  a  father  to  the  fatherlefs,  a  hufband  to  the  widow,  a  guide 
to  wandering  travellers,  a  pilot  to  thofe  that  go  down  to  the  deep, 
and  when  any  do  cry  unto  thee  in  their  troubles  hear  and  deliver 
them  out  of  their  diftrefs,  that  v/ith  hearts  full  of  thankfulnefs 
they  may  praife  the  Lord  for  his  goodnefs,  and  for  his  wonderful 
works  to  the  children  of  men. 

Be  mindful  of  all  them  in  whom  we  are  nearly  concerned,  all 
our  friends  and  relations,  all  our  neighbours  and  acquaintances, 
aU  our  well-wifliers  and  benefadors.  Pardon  and  forgive  our 
enemies,  perfecutors,  and  fianderers.  We  blefs  thee  for  that  gra- 
cious providence  whereby  thou  haft  protecfted  and  maintained  us 
through  the  bygone  day ;  and  we  commend  ourfelves  and  all  we 
have  to  thy  fatherly  goodnefs  and  cai"e  through  the  darknefs  of 
the  night,  that  when  we  cannot  take  care  of  ourfelves  we  may  reft 
fafely  undep  the  fliadow  of  thy  wings,  and  thou,  O  Lord,  may'ft 
fuftain  us.  Defend  us  gracioufly  from  fire  and  violence,  and  all 
the  powers  of  darknefs,  and  raife  our  fpiritSy  together  with  our 
bodies,  in  the  morning,  to  fuch  a  vigorous  fenfe  of  thy  continued 
goodnefs,  as  may  ftir  us  up  to  ferve  thee  with  unwearied  diligence 
all  the  day  long. 

Thefe 


HISTORY     OF     ABERDEEN.  iBg 

Thefe  things,  and  whatever  elfe  thou  knoweft  needful  and  ex- 
pedient for  us  or  for  others,  we  beg  in  the  name  and  words  of  thy 
Son  our  Saviour,  Sec. 


At  the  beginning  of  the  late  Revolution  the  aforefaid  Morning 
and  Evening  Prayers  were  taken  away  by  fome  Prefbyterian  men 
in  Old  Aberdeen. 


%*  Dr.  Henry  Scougal's  admirable  pra6tical  treatife  on  "  The 
life  of  God  in  the  Soul  of  Man,  or  the  nature  and  excellency  of 
the  Chriftian  Religion,"  was  firft  printed  in  his  life  time  by  bifhop 
Burnet  about  1677  without  a  name,  which  the  author's  modefty 
ftudioufly  concealed.  It  went  through  feveral  fubfequent  editions 
and  was  patronized  by  the  fociety  for  promoting  Chriftian  know- 
ledge, and  v/as  reprinted  1726  with  the  addition  of  nine  difcourfes 
on  important  fubje<51:s  by  the  lame  author,,  and  lUs  funeral  fermoa 
by  Dr.  G.G„ 


I     N     D    E    X. 


(     '9»    J 


N 


D 


E 


X. 


ABERDEEN,  pref.p.ii.  ill. xUi.xlivi; 
furvey  of,  ix;    name,  7;    burnt, 

17. 

Anderfony  David,  profeffor,  1 80. 

Armour,  41. 

Bailies,  and  their  proceedings,  50 — ()3» 
82—86. 

Jjallendin,  bilhop,  xji.  loi. 

Bifheps  of  Aberdeen,  xxxv — xli.  8. 

loch,  10;  palace,  xlvii.  25. 

Bifliopricks,  revenues  ofj  153. 

Blackader,  bifhop,  xxxvii. 

Boctbius  HeSlor,  pref.  ill.  iv.  130;  life  of 
bifhop  Elphinfton,  x — xxxix. 

Brevlarium  Aberdonenfe,  pref.  vi. 

Bridge  of  Dee,  xxx.  xxxiv. 

" of  Don,  xl. 

Burial  dues,  138. 

Burnet,  bifhop,  xli. 

Cathedral  of  Aberdeen,  xliv  — xhi.  14; 
rebuilt,  17;  different  dates  of  build- 
ing, 18,  12;  bells  and  infcriptior.s, 
altars,  50;  plate  carried  away,  20; 
100,  loi  ;  inventory  of,  pref.  viii. 
20,  2 1 ;  chancel,  71.74;  damaged, 
75;  repaired,  76.  106;  revenues, 
104;  epitaphs,  xlv. xl?i.  105 {chap- 
ter, 108;  l^ecple  falls,  75. 

C^rt/mfrj,  principal,  his  controverfy,  170 

—173- 

Chanonry  of  Aberdeen  founded,  i. 
Chaplain's  court,  45. 
Chaplainries,  48 — 50. 


Charters  of  the  cathedral,  z,  3.  14.  i6, 

Chartulary  of  Aberdeen,  pref.  vii. 

Cheytie  bifliop,  33. 

Cieling,  curious,  xliv. 

Commiffaries,  no. 

Council-houfe,  77. 

Courts  and   their  proceedings,  50 — 62; 

ecclefiaflical,  109,  no,  iii,  112. 
Crofs,  xlvii.  76. 
Crown,  ivory,  168. 
Cufloras,  1 1. 

Dead  bodies  plundered,  75. 
Degrees,  pref.  iv,  v. 
Douglas,  William,  profeffor,  178. 
Dues,  108,  109, 
Drummer,  100. 
Dunbar,  bifhop,  xl.;  his  raontiment,  xlvi. 

21  ;  hofpital,  62. 
Elpbhijhn    bilhop,   18,  19.   34."  his  life 

by  Boethius,    x. — xxxiii.    xxxix. ; 

tomb,  xliv. 
Fairs,  81. 
Fire,  87. 
Forbes  bifliop,  xli.  47  ;    his  tomb,  xlvi. 

45;  his  lad}'s,  46. 

Dr.  John,  176. 

Friars,  xlvii.  72. 
Gairde7i,  James,  profefTor,  79. 
Cordon,  bifliop,  xxxiii.  xl. 
GV^'wA^w,  bifliop,  36. 
Guild, Dr.  100 — 104.  ii7t 
Haliburtot:,  bifliop,  xl. 

Hand 


N 


D 


X. 


I9t 


Hand  bell,  98 — 100, 

Hofpltal  Trades,  xlvii.  37. 

bi(hop  Dunbar's,  82 — 6^. 

Huntley,  marquis  of,  his  burial  place,  22. 

Kciib  bilhop,  repairs  the  cathedral,  76, 

King's  college,  pref.  iv.  xlii — xlvii.  113. 
119.  158;  founder,  1 1 3. 1 2  o ;  bene- 
faftors,  114.  140;  principals,  116; 
profeffor  of  divinity,  1 18;  profeflbrs, 
120;  mafters  of  arts,  122;.  bache- 
lors, 123;  burfars,  123;  prebenda- 
ries, 124;  chaplains,  124 ;  finging- 
boys,  124;  houfes,  125;  revenue, 
125-6;  officersjxliii.xliv.  127;  reftor 
S29;  principals,  lift  of,  13a — 133. 
162 — 169;  canonifts,  133  ;  civilills, 
134;  medicinals,  134.;  fubprincipals, 
134;  grammarians,  136;  regents, 
136 — 140 ;  divinity  profeflbrs,  176; 
perfons  educated  at,  140 — 141; 
plate,  &c.  142 — I ^13;  piftures,  xliii. 
169;  buildings,  xliii.  161 — iri  ; 
arms,  xliii..  xliv. 

Ximnmoutbhiihop,  Mathew,  xxxvi.  14. 

bifliop,  Alex,  xxxvi.  1 7.  34, 

Kiiikcll,  37 


'5  o, 

35- 


y  0^ 


Knights  of  Jerufalem,  their  preceptor}', 

Ldghtoun  bifliop,    38,    39  ;    his  tomb, 

xxxvi.  xlvi.  21. 
Lindfay  biOiop,  xxxix.  39. 
Magiftrates,  and  their  proceedings,  50  — 

62.  82—86. 
Marifchal  coWe^Qy  prcf.  iv. 
Markets,  80. 
Mills,  91. 

Mitchel,  bilhop,  xli. 
Monks,  71. 


Mufick-fchools  and  maflers,  92 — 98. 

Old  Aberdeen,  xlii. 

Orein,  William,  account  of,  pref,  p.  i. 

Palace,  bifhop's,  xlvii.  25^ 

Pottack  bilhop,  xxxvi.  33, 

Prebends  and  manfes,   26 — 32;    aiig« 
mented,  33,  35. 

Preceptory,  37. 

Presbyteries,  in. 

Proprietors,  82. 

Rathven  hofpital,  52. 

Rocktiven  hofpital,  39. 

Sacrifl:,  his  office. 

Sanifluary,  24. 

Scoiiga I h\^\o^,  his  epitaph,  23. 

— — — Henry,  profcflbr,  178;  his  epi- 
taph, 179;  prayers,  180 — 189;. 
vcorks,  189. 

Service  morning  and  evening  by  Dr. 
Scougal,  180 — 189. 

Skeir  or  Shrove  Thurfday,  8 1 . 

Song  fchool,  77. 

Spalding'?,  Hiflory  of  Scotland,  MS.  pref- 
vii.  n. 

Spence,  bilhop,  xxxix. 

Slcwarty  bifhop,  xl. 

Stracban  ]o\\n,  account  of  1 62,  i6'j. 

— •  Andrew,  177. 

Terras  walks,  107. 

Tilliedron  hill,  107. 

Tironcnfes  monks,  7.3,  74. 

To) booth,  78. 

Town  clerks,  98. 

Trades,  40. 

Trades  holpital,  37.  62. 

Univcrfiiy  of  Aberdeen,  pref.  iv.  xlii, 
xliii.  2. 

Weights  and  meafurcs,  80. 

Wynds,  87 — 92, 


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B     R      I     T     A     N     N     I     C     A, 

N''   XLVIL 


CONTAINING 


MARTIN'S  HisTORY-and  Antiquities  of  St.  Rule's  Chapel; 
With  Remarks  by  Mr.   Profeffor  BROWN* 

TO    WHICH    ARE    ADDED, 

I.  The  Riding  of  the  Parliament  of  Scotland  in  1606 
and  i68i  ;   and  the  Ceremonials  obferved  in  1685. 

II.  The  Statutes  and  Fees  of  the  Order  of  the  Thistle,  8cc, 

III.  The  Sufpenfion  of  Lyon  King  of  Arms. 

IV.  A  parricular  Defcription  of  the  Regalia  of  Scotland, 


[Price  Two  Shillings, j 


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completed  in  a  hngle  Number. 

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Admittance  without  a  fair  and  impartial  Reafon. 


*.^.*   This  Number  contains   THREEPLAT'ES;     viz. 

I.  North  Weft  View  of  St.  Rule's  Steeple,      p.  193. 

II.  The  Seal  of  St.  Rule's.  194. 

III.  North  Eafl:  View  of  Sr.  Rule's.  199. 


THE 
HISTORY    AND    ANTIQUITIES 

O    E 

ST.     RULE'S     CHAPEL, 

IN     THE 

MONASTERY  of  ST.  ANDREW'S,  in  SCOTLAND. 
By    Mr.    GEORGE    MARTIN    of  Clarmont. 

WITH 
REMARKS  BY  Mr.  Professor  BROWN. 


TO   WHICH    ARE    ADDED, 


The  Riding  of  the  PaPvLiament  of  Scotland  in  1606,  and  168 1; 


and  the  Ceremonials  obferved  in  1685. 


The  Statutes  and  Fees  of  the  Order  of  the  Thistle,  8cc. 

The  Siifpenfion  of  Lyon  King  of  Arms ; 

And  a  particular  Defcription  of  the  Regalia  of  Scotland. 


LONDON, 

printed    by     and    for    JOHN    NICHOLSi 

PRINTER    TO    THE    SOCIETY     OF    ANTI  Q^U  ARIES. 

MDCC  LXXXVII. 


Ph/eT. 


[     «93    ] 


Extract  from  Mr.  George  Martin  of  Clarmont's  RJS.  of 
"  Pvcliqui^  Divi  Andreoe,"  written  1685,  Chap.  10.  Seft,  4. 
intituled,  "  Of  the  Buildings  ia  and  about  the  Abbav  or 
"  Monalkry  or  St.  Andrews." 


"  A  S  to  the  buildings  of  the  Monaftery  of  Saint  Andrew's, 
£%^  before  the  Reformation,  they  were  many,  and  fome  of 
*'  them  ilately  and  magnificent,  almoft  all  of  them  now  ruined. 
*'  The  moll  antient  of  tliem  was,  St.  Rule's*  Chapel,  called  Vetus 
"  Ecclejia,  or  Fetus  I'emplum,  a  little,  but  handfome,  antique 
*'  edifice.  The  walls  yet  fiand,  and,  as  is  commonly  believed, 
*'  it  was  built  near  the  end  of  the  ivth  century  by  Herguftus 
*'  King  of  the  Pi6ts,  in  Regulus's  days.  It  is  built  of  a  good, 
"  large,  free  ftone,  bigger  than  any  of  the  reft  of  the  buildings 
*'  about  the  monaftery.  The  chapel  is  built  on  the  eaft  end  of 
**  the  fteeple,  and  ftruts  and  projec^ts  out  upon  it  about  2  feet ; 
"  which  ftrutting,  with  the  allowance  of  the  thicknefs  of  the  eaft 
*'  gavel  of  the  chapel,  makes  the  chapel  to  be  in  length  with- 
*'  out  the  walls  31  j  feet,  the  breadth  25  feet ;  within  walls  the 
"  length  of  the  chapel  is  only  16  feet,  and  the  breadth  20  feet. 
*'  It  is  good  aijler  f  work,  and  there  are  about  2  i  ftones  in  the 
*'  height,  which  yet  will  be  near  ai  feet.  There  are  in  it  4 
*'  windows  in  the  fide  walls,  2  to  the  fouth,  and  2  to  the  north, 
"  exadly  correfponding  and  over  againft  other  ;   t\.\QfoleX  of  each 

*  The  Abbot  Sr.  Rule  was  fainted  or  canonized  Odt.  17,  Anno  Chrifti  36S. 

f  A'l/ler,  or  Jjhlar,  is  a  term  in  architedture,  that  fignifies  work  made  of  com- 
mon or  free  ftones  as  they  come  from  the  quarry,  of  different  lengths,  breadths, 
and  thickneffes  j  the  thicknefs  commonly  9  inches  :  here  it  fcems  it  was  tlis 
French  foot, 

'^  The  window  feat. 

•G  c  **  window 


194  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y    A  N  D    AN  T  1  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

"  windozv  is  about  1 2  feet  from  the  ground  ;  the  height  of  the 
*'  window  is  about  5  feet,  and  breiidth  1'-  foot.  The  chapel 
"  hath  a  door  to  the  eaft  about  24  feet  high,  and  hath  been, 
"  above  9  feet  vade.  Juft  oppofite  to  the  eail  door  in  the  body 
"  of  the  lleeple  is  another  door  on  the  weft,  of  the  fame  dimen- 
*'  fions;  but  this  lall  has  been  built  up,  and  only  a  lefTer  door 
"  and  entry  left  of  6  feet  high,  and  4  in  breadth.  The  chapel 
"  hath  had  at  feveral  (/.  e.  diiferent)  times  3  roofs,  as  appears 
"  by  the  raggling  ■'••  on  the  body  of  the  fteeple  eaftward.  It  hath 
"  been  a  place  extremely  well  contrived,  and  fitted  for  devotion 
*'•  and  religious  offices,  and  of  old  had  a  fmall  neat  turret  on  the 
*'  eaft  gavel,  fallen  long  ago. 

*'  St.  Rule's  fteeple  "jr,  commonly  called  the  four-nooked  (i.  e. 
*'  cornered)  fteeple,  ftands  clofe  adjoining  to  the  chapel,  making 
*'  up  the  weft  gavel  thereof,  built  at  or  near  the  time  the  chapel 
<'  was  built.  It  is  a  piece  of  notable  architecture,  and  is  an  equi- 
"  lateral  quadrangle,  each  fide  being  20  feet  without ;  it  is 
*'  ftrongly  built,  103  feet  in  height,  and,  I  remember,  was  well 
*'  bound  and  ftrengthened  within  with  great  oak-branders  from  . 
"  the  top  near  to  the  bottom,  which  are  now  gone  and  deftroyed,  . 
"  for  fome  30  feet  down  from  the  top,  upon  which  ftood  of  old 
*'  a  very  floping  fpire,  not  high.  This  fteeple  feems  to  have 
"  been  of  old  of  good  erteem ;  for  the  chapter  had  for  their 
"  enfign  armorial,  this  fteeple,  with  the  chapel  in  the  eaft,  and 
"  ap.other  on  the  weft  fide  of  it,  in  one  entire  work,  and  had  the 
"  icon  of  thefe  three  all  joined  in  one  body  X  upon  their  common 
*'  feal,  without  any  thing  befide,  but  a  pot,  or  cornucopia,  fome 
*'  mallets,  and  flouridiing  ;  and  the  circumfcription  was,  ^/^///z/w 
"  Ecclefue  Sandli  Andrea  Jpq/lali  in  Scotia.     From- the  figure  of 

*  Bagglings,  or  Raddlin^Sy  the  bowings-in  or  copeings  of  the  walls. 
-j~  See  plate  I.  %  See  plate  II. 

"  the 


OF        ST.        R    U    L    E'S.  195 

••'  the  feal,  which  is  acutely  oval,  and  the  print  and  graving  on  it, 
*'  and  the  raggling  on  the  body  of  the  fteeple,  it  is  evident  and 
"  certain,  that  there  was  alfo  a  little  church  on  the  welt  end  of  the 
"  fteeple,  clofe  and  contiguous  thereto,  but  lefs  and  lliorter  than 
"  St.  Rule's  chapel,  and  Iteeper  in  the  roof,  but  now  quite  demo- 
**  lillied,  and  nothing  more  known  thereof,  but  that  it  hath  been, 
"  and  was  much  higher  than  St.  Rule's.  It  had  on  the  welt 
"  a  pretty  turret,  with  a  door  to  the  fouth,  befide  the  weft 
"  entry.  The  fteeple  itfelf  is  yet  in  good  cafe,  except  as  to 
*'  the  binding  branders  above- mentione<l,  which  of  late  are 
"  much  decayed,  yea,  and  facrilegioufly  embezzled." — Thus  far 
Mr.  Martin. 

Remarks   by  the   Rev.   W.  Brown,  Profeflbr  of  Eccleilaftical 
Hiftory  in  the  Uaiverfity  of  St.  Andrew's. 

Mr.  Martin,  and  indeed  almoft  all  our  Scotifti  writers,  have, 
with  fome  fmall  variations,  adopted  the  legend  mentioned  by 
Ford  UN,  lib.  it.  cap.  58,  59,  and  60,  of  his  "  Scoti-cbronicoUy* 
which  it  is  impoftible  to  read  (and  in  particular  his  58th  chapter, 
where  he  endeavours  to  confer  on  the  Apoftle  Andrew  a  pre- 
ference to  the  Apoftle  Peter)  without  being  convinced  that  his 
great  objedl  was  to  elevate  the  church  of  Scotland,  particularly 
the  church  at  St.  Andrew's,  to  a  degree  of  patronage  inferior 
to  no  other.  This  was  conftdered  as  a  matter  of  great  con- 
fequence,  after  the  impious  and  abfurd  opinion  became  preva- 
lent, that  apoftles,  martyrs,  and  faints  departed,  were  objeits  of 
adoration,  and,  like  the  heathen  local  tutelar  deities,  vouchfafed 
fpecial  protection  to  fiich  as  put  themfelves  under  their  particular 
l)atronage,  and  whofe  devotion  towards  them  was  moft  fervent  and 
zealous.  From  this  opinion  the  minds  of  men  eafdy  flid  into  a 
■belief,  that  to  preferve  the  body,  or  any  of  its  fragments,  could 

C  c   a  not 


196  HISTORY    AND    ANTi  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

not  but  "be  highly  acceptable  to  the  apofile,  faint,  or  maiiyr  it 
belonged  to,  and  a  moil  hkcly  mean  of  gaining  and  feciiring' 
his  piotedion.  Hence  the  rehcks  of  apolUes,  faints,  and  mar- 
tyrs, or  what  were  believed  to  be  fo,  were  fought  after  with 
avitlity,  were  purchafed  at  immenfe  prices,  and  were  preferved, 
when  procured,  with  anxious  watchful  attention.  Churches 
■were  erected  over  their  fepulchres,  and  in  thole  places  where 
fuch  of  their  remains,  as  had  not  been  committed  to  the  grave, 
were  intended  to  be  lodged  for  prefervation ;  and  that  church 
in  which  the  remains  of  any  particular  faint  were  lodged  was 
believed  to  attracff  his  greatelt  attention.  Of  courfe  that  church 
whofe  patron  was  confidered  as  moft  powerful  was  held  in 
higheft  eftimation,  and  moft  frequently  reforted  to. 

But  thefe  opinions,  and  the  practices  confequent  upon  them, 
though  almoft  univerfally  prevalent  in  Mr.  Fordun's  time*,  the 
Chriftian  church  was  unacquainted  with,  in  the  end  of  the  fourth 
century,  the  period  he  pitches  upon  for  St.  Regulus's  tranfpor-- 
tation  of  the  apoftle  Andrew's  relicks  from  Fatra  in  Achaia^  to 
the  city  of  St.  Andrew's  in  Scotland. 

Dall^us,  in  his  book  "  'De  Objech  culfus  religiofiy  lib.  4,  and- 
Bingham,  in  his  "  Eccleliallical  Antiquities,"  lib.  23.  cap.  1 4.  have 
adduced  the  moft  convincing  evidence,  that  at  this  period  no 
worfliip  whatever  was  offered  to  the  relicks  of  apoftles,  faints, 
or  martyrs  ;  that  to  bury  them  was  confidered  as  the  mark  of 
refpeit  moft  proper  to  be  put  upon  them  ;  and  that  to  make 
merchandize  of  them,  or  to  fpoil  their  fepulchres  in  order  to 
obtain  them,  was  deemed  facrilege,  and  as  fuch  punifl:iable  with 
the  greateft  feverity  by  the  laws  both  of  the  church  and  ftate. 
Had,  therefore,  either  the  Emperor  Conftantius,  in  open  contempt 

*  FoRDUNUM  ipjum  ultra  annum  MCCCLXXXFI.  fupcrjlitcm  fiiijjc  nondum  repe- 
rimus.    Goodal. 

cf 


OF        ST.        RULE'S.  19^ 

of  thcfe  laws,  broke  into  the  fepulchre  of  the  apoftle  Andrew  at" 
PatfiE,  and  by  force  of  arms  carried  off  his  bones  to  Conilan- 
tinoplc;   or  Regulus  and  his  companions  been  fo  daring  as  to 
pilfer  part  of  them  out  of  the  gold  and  filver  flirines  into  which' 
they  had  been  depofited  by  the  Emperor's  orders-;  it  is  not  credible 
that  thefe  fa<fts,  all  of  which  Mr.  Fordun  gravely  narrates,  fiiould 
have  efcaped  the  notice  of    all    the  contemporary  writers  flill 
extant.      But,  without  mentioning  feveral  other  improbable  cir- 
cumftances  with  which  Mr.  Fordun  has  embelliflied  his  narrative,, 
it  appears  pretty  evident,,  that,    from  a  legend  fo  fabulous,  no' 
eoiiclufion  can  be  drawn  fufficient  to  determine,  with  any  degree- 
of  certainty,  either  the  time  when  St.  Rule's  church  in  St.  An- 
drew's was  founded,  or  who  was  its  founder. 

*  It  does   not  affedl  the  validity  of  this  rcafoning;-  but  certainly  Mr.  Fordnn*''- 
docs  ?2c/  fay  that  Regulus    pilfeitd   the  relicksof  the  faint   from  the  gold  and 
filvtr  fiirines  wherein  his  bones  are  faid  to   have  been  depofited  by  CouJlaiJtius,  in 
the  20th  year  of  his  reign. 

According  to  Mr.  Fordun,  the  remains  of  St.  Andrew  were  in  the  cuflody,  and 
under  the  care,  it  feems,  of  Regulus,  before  they  fell  into  the  hands  of  Coiijlati' 
tius.  The  parts  which  Regulus  fecreted  from  them,  he  took  from  the  farco- 
■phagus  at  Patra,  two  days  before  Conftantius  got  poffeffion  of  i\\&  fcrin'nim,  which 
by  his  ordi.rs  was  conveyed  with  decent  veneration  to  Conftantinople,  where  he 
placed  it,  or  the  rc/iquue  it  contained,  i/jecis  aureis  cff  argent eis  fummo  cum  honor e. 

To   fpare  the  render  the  trouble  of  turning  to  the  book,   the  fubftance  of  Mr.  ■ 
Fordun's  ihort  uncircumftantial  account  of  Reguluj  is  given  here. 

"  Accidit  autem  ut  divino  nutu,  tertia  noile  antcquam  Impcrator  civitatem  eft 
"  ingreflus,  angelus  Domini  cuidam   iknifto  viro  timenti  Deum  abbati,   nomine 
••  RfGULO,   reliquiariiin  appareret  cuftodi,   dicens;    AppUca  tibi  fratres  idoneos,  et ' 
"  psrgem  ad'  farchophagum  quo  beati  Andre^v  repcfita  fiint  offa,  t-olles  ind<  dextra  " 
"  7nanus  tres  digitos,  et  os  hracchii  dcpcndens  ab  bumero,  et  genu  fatellam,  ac  ubi  man-  - 
"  flravcro  caitte  ctijlodias  donee  redeam.^' 

The  fcrinium,  with  every  thing  left  in  it,  was  tranfported  to-Conftantinople  poji 
hiduum,  and  depofited  ut  fupra.     The  angel   re-appeared  to  Rhgulls  trcnfcurfis 
demum  annis  aliq:<ct,  and  gave  him   inflruclions  for   his   expedition  to  Scotland, 
where,  after  wandering  almoft  two  years,  and  fuflering  fhipwreck,  Regulus,  with  ■ 
his  companions  of  both  fexcs,  and  his  religious   cargo,  landed   fate,  jufl:  where 
the  buildings  in  quellion  were  afterwards   eredred,  and  where,  after  an  apoftolical  - 
life' of  30  yezx%,  pleniis  dierum  obiit  ct  grandcevus.     "  Scoti-chronicon,"  ut  fvpray 
Edit.  Good Ai.,  folio,  Edinb.  i] S9}  ^''<'^*  !•  /•  94»  ^ f^^l* 


198         HISTORY    AND    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

It  is  well  known,  that,  long  after  the  fourth  century,  the  inha- 
■bitants  of  both  England  and  Scotland  were  in  ufe  to  build  the 
vvalls,  not  of  their  houfes  only,  but  alfo  of  their  churches,  of 
wood,  and  to  cover  them  with  reeds,  ftraw,  or  branches  of  trees. 
Eede,  lib.  ii.  cap.  14.  Hlfi.  Ecdeftajl.  geniis  Ajiglorum^  tells  us, 
that,  A.  D.  627,  Paulinus  bifliop  of  York  baptized  Edwin  king 
of  Northumberland,  in  his  cathedral  dedicated  to  St.  Peter,  which 
was  built  of  wood;  lib.  iii.  cap.  25.  That  Finan  the  fecond 
bifliop  of  Lindisfarne,  or  Holy-Ifland,  built  his  cathedral,  A.  D. 
652,  not  of  ftonC;  but  of  wood,  after  the  manner  of  tlie  Scots. 
And  lib.  v.  cap.  25.  that,  in  A.  D.  710,  Nailan  king  of  the  Pids 
wrote  a  letter  to  Ceolfred  abbot  of  Weremouth,  requefling  Ceol- 
fred  to  fend  him  fome  mafons  to  build  for  him  a  church  with 
large  ftones,  as  the  Romans  were  accuftomed  to  build. 

Thefe  teftimonies  do  indeed  furnifli  fufficient  evidence  that 
the  art  of  building  with  ftones  was  but  little  known  in  England, 
and  ftill  left  in  Scotland,  prior  to  the  8th  century ;  and  form  a 
rtrong  prefuraptive  argument,  that  the  church  of  St.  Rule's  in 
St.  Andrew's  is  not  fo  ancient  as  the  generality  of  Scotifli 
writers  fuppofe  it  to  be.  But  then  it  is  to  be  obferved,  that  this 
is  no  more  than  a  prefumptive  argument ;  and  that  the  tefti- 
monies  above-mentioned  do  by  no  means  warrant  us  pofitively 
to  conclude  that,  prior  to  the  8th  century,  there  were,  even  in. 
Scotland,  no  churches  built  of  ftone. 

Bede  bimfelf  adduces  an  inftance  to  the  contrary,  lib.  iii.  cap.  4. 
of  his  Ecclefiaftical  Hiftory,  where  he  tells  us,  that  long  before 
the  arrival  of  Columbanus^  A.  D.  565,  Ninian  had  converted  the 
Southern  Pids  to  Chriftianity,  and  built  in  the  province  of  Ber- 
nicia  a  church  of  Itone,  called  by  the  Britons  Candida  Cafa^ 
becaufe  building  with  ftones  was  unufual  among  them  ;  which 
plainly  fliows  there  is  nothing  incredible  in  fuppofing  that  at 

St. 


-?/<i/iJ  JLp.iqq. 


S^CatuJmiy. 


OF        ST.        RULE'S.  15,5, 

St.  Andrew's  in  Fifcfliire,  as  well  as  at  VVitern  in  Galloway,  a  ftone- 
church  might  have  been  ere^led  feveral  years  before  A.  D.  565. 
Had  the  feal  defcribed  by  Mr.  Martin  exhibited  a  view  of  St. 
Rule's  church  and  fteeple  in  its  entire  fhate,  this  might  have  given 
feme  ground  to  fufped:  that  they  had  been  built  by  the  prior  and 
convent,  pofterior  to  the  eredion  of  the  monaftery,  and  of  confe- 
quence  not  before  the  1 2th  century.     It  is  evident,  from  ocular 
infpedlion  (fee   plate  II.)  that  the  engraving  on  this  feal  is  in- 
tended to  reprefent  the  fouth  ''■■■  view  of  this  church  and  fteeple. 
Numerous  charters  of  lands  belonging  to  the  priory,  to  which 
this  feal  is  appended,  make  it  manifeft  that  this  was  the  com- 
mon feal  of  the  prior  and  convent.      This  feems  to  prove  that 
this  church. belonged  to  them  at  the  time  this  reprefentation  of  it 
was  adopted  by  them  as  their  enfign  armorial.      But  if  they  had 
either  built  this  church  and  fteeple,  or  found  it  entire  when  it 
came  into  their  pofTeflion,  it  cannot  be  doubted,  that  they  would 
have   reprefented    it   in  that    ftate  upon    their    common  feal;: 
whereas,  on   comparing  the  reprefentation  of   this  church   on- 
their  feal  with  the  ftruclure  itfelf,   every  eye  obferves,  at  firft 
fight,   that  when  this   feal  was  engraved,   and  not  improbably 
when  the  church  itfelf  came  into  the  poffeffion  of  the  prior  and 
convent,  the  choir  on  the  eaft  end  was  nearly  in  the  lame  ruin- 
ous ftate  as  at  prefent. 

It  is  well  known,  and  admitted  on  all  hands,  that  long  before 
the  ereiftion  of  the  monaftery,  and  very,  probably  as  early  as 
Chriftianity  began  to  be  countenanced  by  the  fecular  powers, 
there  was  at  St.  Andrew's,  and  alfo  at  the  fees  of  other  bilhops,  a 
college  of  married  fecular  prlefts,  called  Culdees^  who  eledted  the 
bifliop,  and  adled  as  his  chapter.  There  is,  therefore,  nothing  un- 
reafonable  or  improbable  in  fuppofing  that  this  fmall  church  was^ 

*  Plate  I.  exhibits  a  North  Weft  view,  as  it  appeared  in  1776  ;  and  Plate  ILL  ■ 
a  North  Eaft  view. 

2  erededi' 


;zao  II  I  S  T  O  R  Y    A  N  D    A  N  T  I  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

>ei"e(5led  by  and  for  the  ufe  of  thefe  Culdees,  at  an  early  period, 
when  the  number  of  Chriilians  in  this  country  was  inconfiderable, 
and  their  manner  of  vv^orfliip  fimple  and  unoftentatious.;  and  that  it 
was  fuftered  to  fall  into  dedine  after  cehbacy  among  the  clergy 
'began  to  be  confidered  as  fandtity ;  the  fecular  married  clergy 
'loft  their  popularity,  and  with  their  popularity  their  revenues, 
which  were  beftowed  upon  monks,  who,  by  their  pretenfions  to 
chaftity,  and  other  auilerities,  not  only  ingratiated  themfelves 
with  the  people,  but  procured  the  patronage  of  princes,  popes, 
and  prelates. 

After  all,  as  there  are  not  now  extant  any  authentic  records,  by 
which  the  antiquity  of  this  building  can  be  exactly  afcertained,  it 
;may  not  be  improper  to  fubjoin  a  defcription  of  it  in  its  prefent 
itate ;  from  which,  perfons  converfant  in  the  hiftory  of  archi- 
tecture and  mafonry,  may  perhaps,  form  jufter  conje»5tures  con- 
cerning it  than  any  we  can  pretend  to  offer. 

Mr.  Martin  has  attempted  fomething  of  this  kind;  butWs 
defcription  is  neither  accurate,  nor  minute  enough  to  enable  thofe 
who  have  not  feen  and  examined  the  building  itfelf  with  atten- 
tion to  form  an  exadl  idea  of  it. 

At  prefent  there  is  no  building  connefled  with  the  fteeple 
(landing  weftward  of  it.  On  each  fide  of  the  great  door  leading 
into  the  weft  end  of  the  fteeple  the  ftones  are  indeed  broken 
and  ragged,  in  fuch  a  manner  as  plainly  indicates  that  there  was 
formerly  a  building  adjoining  to  it  on  the  weft.  But  this  build- 
ing muft  have  been  only  15  feet  high,  and  18  feet  wide;  and 
as  there  are  no  appearances  of  a  roof  correfponding  to  the  fize  of 
this  building  upon  the  wails  of  a  fteeple,  it  is  probable  it  had 
none ;  and  indeed  it  could  not  have  had  one  without  darkening 
and  obftru6ling  the  view  of  this  ftately  and  magnificent  door 
very  much.      It  is   therefore  probable,  that  this  fmall  building 

was 


O  F        ST.        RULE'S.  icx 

vas  nothing  more  than  the  veftibule,  or  outer  court,  where 
penitents,  in  ancient  times,  ufed  to  Itaud  during  the  fnil  itage  of 
their  penanee.  Thefe  vellibules  were  generally  uncovered,  ex- 
cept along  the  fide  walls,  where  a  fmall  covering,  lupported  hy 
pillars  running  parallel  to  thefe  walls,  was  fometimes  permitted 
for  penitents  to  Hand  under,  and  fcreen  themlelves  from  the  in- 
clemency of  the  weather. 

Befides  this,  there  is  cut  about  an  inch  and  an  half  deep  into* 
this  fame  weft  wall  of  the  ftecple  the  form  of  an  houfe  roof. 
The  top  of  this  cutting  commences  at  the  35th  courfe  of  the 
Hones  of  which  the  fteeple  is  built,  and  runs  down  flaunting, 
equally  on  both  fides  till  it  reaches  the  north  and  fouth  angles 
at  the  ayth  courfe;  which  plainly  fliews  an  edifice  weftward 
from  and  adjoining  to  the  fteeple,  was  once  intended,  if  not 
a«5lualiy  erecfled. 

The  impreflion  made  by  the  feal  of  the  convent  rcprefents- 
this  building  as  entire  and  unimpaired,  the  fouth  wall  of  it  run- 
ning as  far  eaft  as  the  eaft  end  of  St.  Rule's  fteeple,  and  weft- 
ward  till  it  meets  with  the  eaft  end  of  afmaller  fteeple  adjoining 
to,  and  terminating  this  building  on  the  weft.  Again,  rlie 
length  of  the  fouth  wall  of  this  building  from  the  weft  end  of 
St.  Kule's  fteeple,  till  it  meets  with  the  eaft  end  of  the  finaller 
fteeple,  is  reprefented  as  pretty  nearly  the  fame,  as  the  foutli. 
wall  of  St.  Rule's  chapel  from  the  eaft  end  of  St.  Rule's  fteeple, 
to  the  place  where  it  v^as  joined  to  the  Ghoir,  there  reprefented: 
as  ruinous.  The  imprefiion  made  by  this  feal  further  rcpre- 
fents the  fouth  wall  of  this  vveilern  edifice  as  fomewhat  highec- 
than  that  of  St.  Rule's  chapel,  and  running  in<  a  line  farther 
fouthvvard  than  the  fouth  walls  of  either  St.  Rule's  fteeple  or 
ehapel",  till  it  comes  oppofite  to  the  eaft  corner  of  St..  Rule's- 
iieepk  ;  fo  that  tlie  wall   of  tliis  building   muft  have   inclofsdl 

D  <i  >^fiihiii 


£02  HISTORY    AND     ANTI  Q^U  I  T  I  E  S 

■within  it  the  fouth  wall  of  St.  Rule's  fteeple,  and  rendered  it 
invifible,  till  it  made  its  appearance  above  the  roof  of  this  edifice, 
which  roof  is  but  low,  and  inclines  towards  St.  Rule's  fteeple,  as 
far  as  the  fouth  wall  of  this  edifice  runs  parallel  to  that  of  St. 
Rule's  fteeple  ;  but  after  it  gets  to  the  weftward  of  this  fteeple, 
rifes  fully  as  high  as  the  cutting  on  the  weft  end  of  this  fteeple 
reprefents  it  to  have  done. 

After  alj,  there  is  ground  to  fufpedt  that  this  weftern  build- 
ing was  only  intended,  but  never  actually  built ;  that  the  feal 
was  engraved,  not  from  ocular  infpeftion,  but  from  defcription  ; 
and  that  thofe  who  ordered  the  engraving  wiflned  to  have  this 
edifice  reprefented  on  the  feal,  not  becaufe  it  was  built,  but  be- 
caufe  they  propofed  to  build  it  after  this  form.  For,  when  it  is 
confidered  that  the  impreflion  made  by  this  leal  reprefents  this 
building  as  entire  and  in  good  condition  ;  and  the  choir  at  the 
eaft  end  of  St.  Rule's  chapel  in  the  fame  ruinous  ftate  it  is  in  at 
prefent ;  it  appears  fomething  extraordinary,  that  the  height, 
the  breadth,  and  the  length  of  this  choir,  can  be  at  prefent 
ealily  and  diftind:ly  traced  on  the  furface  of  the  ground,  and  by 
the  ragged  wall  on  the  eaft  end  of  St.  Rule's  chapel  uniting  the 
choir  to  the  chapel ;  and  that  no  veftige  whatever  of  this 
weftern  building  fliouid  apj^ear,  either  on  the  ground  below,  or 
on  the  fouth  wall  of  St.  Rule's  fteeple,  to  which  both  the  roof 
and  the  eaft  wall  of  this  edifice  are  fuppofed  to  have  been  joined  : 
not  to  mentit)n  that,  there  being  no  want  of  room  to  the  weftward, 
it  is  not  eafy  to  conceive  what  could  be  the  inducement  to 
extend  the  walls  of  the  edifice  fo  far  eaftward,  as  to  inclofe  and 
cover  the  fouth  wall  of  St.  Rule's  fteeple  ;  or  to  what  beneiicial 
purpofe  the  interval  between  thefe  two  walls  could  be  applied. 

But  leaving  this  edifice,  of  which,  if  ever  it  exill:ed,  no  veftige 
now  remains,  let  us  turn  our  attention  to  the  ruins  of  St.  Rule's 

fteeple 


OF        ST.        RULE'S, 


103 


fteeple  and  chapel.  Thefe  two  buildings,  both  in  fide  and  out- 
fide,  are  built  of  hewn  ftones.  The  Hones  are  cut  in  the  form 
of  a  parallelogram,  are  much  larger  than  the  Hones  of  the  ca- 
thedral, or  any  other  of  the  adjacent  buildings,  and  approach 
nearer  to  the  fquare  form.  They  are  laid  in  regular  courfes,  and 
the  diftance  between  the  courfes  is  from  1  6  ^  to  20  inches.  The 
fVones  run  a  very  fliort  way  into  the  wall,  feldom  more  than  8 
-inches.  The  interval  between  the  hewn  work  on  the  infide,  and 
that  on  the  outfidc,  is  lilletl  vip  with  fmall  ftones,  the  whole 
tinited  by  a  cement  of  an  excellent  quality,  and  hardct  than  the 
Hones  themfelves ;  and,  as  many  fragments  of  fea  fhells  appear 
in  it,  of  which  there  are  great  plenty  in  the  neighbourhood,  it  h 
not  improbable  that  it  might  have  been  made  of  fea  fhell$ 
calcined. 

The  fteeple  (lands  due  weft  from  the  chapel,  and,  as  Mr. 
Martin  juftly  obferves,  is  an  asquilateral  quadrangle.  Imme- 
diately above  the  21ft  courfe,  a  belt  of  about  a  foot  high  pro- 
JGtts  over,  and  runs  along  the  weft  wall  of  the  fteeple,  as  alfo- 
along  the  north  and  fouth  walls  till  it  meets  with  the  walls  of 
St.  Rule's  chape>,  and  then  it  runs  along  the  top  of  them.  This 
evidently  fliews,  that  the  fteeple  and  chapel  were  built  at  the 
fame  time,  and  that  both  entered  into  the  original  plan,  which 
is  farther  confirmed  from  this  circum>ftancc,  that  this  belt  is 
difcontinued  on  the  eaft  wall  of  the  ftreeple ;  becaufe,  being  in- 
tended for  ornament,  it  could  not  anfwer  that  purpofe  on  the 
eaft  end,  when  it  was  to  be  covered  by  the  roof  of  the  chapel. 

At   the   height   of  37   courfes   above   the  firft    belt  there    is. 
another   belt,   and  12  courfes   above  this   a  third  belt,   both  of' 
\^hich  projecT:over  and  run  along  all  tte  four  walls  of  the  fteeple. 
Immediately  above  this  third   belt  a-  ftill  larger   projedion  com- 
snences,  and  is  continued  to  the  height  of  3  courfes,  the  loweft? 

D  d  a  ftona 


ro4 


M  I  S  T  O  R  T    A  N  D    ANT  I  CL  U  I  T  I  E  S 


ftoiie  of  which  niearures  ia  height  8  inches,  the  next  1 1  inches, 
and  the  highell  g  inches ;  fo  that  ti>e  height  of  the  whole  pro- 
iedion  amounts  to  2  feet  4  inches.  The  impreHion  made  by  the 
common  feal  of  the  convent  flievvs  a  fpire  immediately  above 
this  proje(5lion,  with  a  crof^>  on  the  top  of  the  fpire.  But  of 
this  fpire  there  is  not  the  fmallcft  vedige  remaining. 

The  height  of  this  ileeple,  mcafured  by  a  plumb-line,  is,  in- 
cluding the  proje6lion,    109  y  feet. 

Each  of  the  four  lides  of  tlie  fleeple  walls  meafured  on  the 
out-fide,  at  the  height  of  a  i  feet  from  the  ground,   amounts  to 

20  feet ;  meafured  in  the  infide  at  the  fame  height,  is  1 4  feet  ^ ; 
meafured  on  the  outfide  at  the  top,  including  the  projection,   is 

21  feet  5  inches;  meafured  in  the  infide  of  the  projedion  20 
feet ;  and  meafured  in  the  infide  4  feet  2  inches  below  the  top, 
is  1 6  feet  i  inch. 

In  the  weft  end  of  this  fteeple  there  is  a  door  leading  into  it, 
the  height  of  which  is  26  feet  4  inches,  and  the  width  at  bottom 
10  feet  3  inches.  It  has  two  arches  at  the  top,  the  one  imme- 
diately above  the  other  ;  the  fegraent  of  thcfe  arches  is  fome- 
thing  more  than  a  femicircle.  The  imports  of  the  columns  that 
fupport  thcfe  arches  is  a  large  fquare  rtone,  Without  any  orna- 
ment. The  columns  themfelves  are  circular,  but  larger  than  the 
femicircle.  On  the  top  of  thefe  columns,  and  immediately  below 
the  imports,  there  is  on  each  column  a  ftone  2  feet  high,  of  the 
form  of  an  inverted  cone,  the  lower  end  of  which  is  adjurted 
and  joined  to  the  top  of  the  column  ;  and  about  4  inches  above 
this  joining  there  is  raifed  a  ring  on  the  lower  and  fmaller  end  of 
the  cone,   which  is  its  only  ornament. 

Immediately  above  the  26th  courfe  from  the  loweil  belt,  there 
is  a  fmall  window  about  4  feet  high  and  a  y  wide,  the  top  of 
which  is  alfo  circular,  and  hewn  out  of  one  large  fquare  ftone  ; 

and 


O    ^        ST.       Jl '  17    JL    E  '  Si  205 

?ind  exactly  above  the  fecond  belt  there  are  on  each  fule  of  the 
fteeple  two  whidows,   very  high  in   proportion   to  their  viuthi 
Tiiey  are  feparated   by  a  roiind  cohimn,  railed   upon  a  round 
oblong  pedet1:a],    the   circimiference   of    which  is  coniiderably 
larger    than    that  of    the   column.      The    other   lldes  of  thefe 
windows  are  hewn  fqunre  columns,  built  fomewhat  farther  inward 
than  the  walls  of  the  fteeple,  and  with  thefe  w^alls  form  a  right 
angle.      On  the  top  of  thefe  columns  there   are  fquare  impods 
projecting  outward  beyond  the  fteeple  walls,  and  this  projection 
is  a  little  hollowed   both   above   and  below   in  a  circular  form. 
On  the  top  of  the  imports  of  the  columns  fquare  (lone?,  joined 
together  immediately  above  the  miildle  of  the  round  colum.n,  are 
hewn  in  fuch  a  manner  as  to  form  a  circular  top  to  each  window, 
of  which  the  fegment   exceeds    the   femiciicle.     Two  courfes 
higher  ftill  than  the  windows  laft  mentioned,  there  is  on  each 
fide  of  the  rteeple  a  window   like  wife   circular   at  the  top,   and 
fome  fmall  matter  higher  and  wider  than  the  window  firft  men- 
tioned.    In  a  ftrait  line  with  the  weft  wall  of  the  fteeple  there 
are   two   buttrefles  built   into,  and  evidently  at  the  fame  time 
with,   this   wall    of  the   fteeple ;   which   plainly  fliews  that  the 
original  builders  never  intended  any  chapel  weftward  and  adjoin- 
ing to   the  Walls  of  the  fteeple;   as  in  this  cafe  both  the  but- 
treftes    and  the  undermoft  belt  would  have   been  unneceflary^ 
Thefe  buttrefles  are  two  feet  thick,  and  projedt  two  feet  beyond 
the  north  and  fouth  walls  of  the  fteeple.     The  fame  thicknefs 
is  continued  till  the  buttrefles  rife  to  the  height  of  the  columns 
that  fupport  the   arches  over  the   door  on  the  weft  end ;   after 
this,  they  Hope  inwards  gradually  towards  the  fteeple- wall  till  they 
reach  the  undermoft  belt. 

On  the  eaft  end  of  the  fteeple,   and  leading  into  the  chapel, 

there  is  an  arched  door ;  the  form  of  the  arch,  the  impofts,  and 

3  the 


20^  HISTORY    AND    ANTI  QJJ  I  T  1  E  S 

the  columns,  the  fame  as  the  weft  door,  excepting  that  this  eaf? 
door  has  but  one  arch,  the  other  two  ;  the  height  of  this  is  22 
feet  8  inches,   and  its  width  9  feet  5  inches. 

Anciently  there  was  within  the  fteeple  a  fmall  ftair-cafe  of 
ftone,  turning  along  the  north  fide  of  it,  part  of  wbich  ftill  le- 
mains  ;  but  whether  this  went  all  the  way  to  the  top,  cannot  now 
be  determined  with  certainty. 

iVs  to  the  oaken  branders,  or  wooden  frame,  mentioned  by 
Mr.  Martin,  the  remains  of  thefc  were  taken  down,  about  twenty 
years  fince,  by  order  of  the  magiftrates  of  St.  Andrew's,  within 
whofe  jurifdiclion  this  fteeple  does  not  lye,  under  ]iretext  that 
children  were  in  danger  of  loling  their  lives  by  climbing  upon 
them,   as  there  were  then  no  Qiut  doors  to  keep  them  out. 

About  fix  years  ago  the  barons  of  his  Majefty's  exchequer  in 
Scotland  generoufly  ordered  in/,  fterlihg  for  the  repair  of  this 
lleejile,  by  which  means  the  fearas  between  the  ftones  have  been 
filled  with  frelh  lime  where  it  was  wanted ;  a  fi:air-cafe  has  been 
built  from  the  bottom  ta  within  four  feet  of  the  top,  where  a 
floor  is  laid,  and  covered  with  lead  to  defend  it  againlt  the  iri'- 
juries  of  the  weather. 

St.  Rule's  chapel  Hands  due  eaftward  from  the  fteeple  adjoin-- 
ing  to  it,  and,  as  has  been  already  obferved,  has  been  evidently 
built  at  the  fame  time  with-it.  Th«  quality  of  the  ftones,  their 
fize,  and  the  courfes  in  which  they  are  laid,  are  exa6lly  the  fame. 

The  walls  of  the  chapel  encroach  upon  the  eaft-  ends  of  the 
north  and  fouth  walls  of  the  fteeple  about  2  feet,  and  project 
both  northwards  and  fouthwards  2  feet  2  inches  beyond  themv 
The  height  of  the  chapel  walls,  immediately  below  the  belt  that 
runs  along  the  top  of  them,  is  29  feet  4  inches  ;  and,  as  Mn 
Martin  rightly  fays,  are  exadly  the  height  of  21  ftones.  The 
length  of  the  north  and  fouth  walls  meafured  on  the  outfide  is 

3,«^ 


J'lafe  JH.p .  20  y. 


Sf Htu/u/iU)  no-fi^  S.^Mu/e  at  ^y^An^f'en'^  in  Sccdarul^ 


IVum  />/>//•  f/ui/itt  ,t/'f^ii-i^iui//W,t/\,  afSL4nJtvn'j  t'nJVor/JiBriMitn  /f%>//i 


OF        ST.        RULE'S; 


lay 


31  feet,  and  meafures  within  25  feet  10  inches.  The  width 
meafured  witlioiit  is  24  feet  8  inches,  and  nieafured  within  19 
feet  8  inches  ;  and,  as  Mr.  Martin  obferves,  and  as  is  ftill  very 
evident  from  the  figure  of  three  gables  of  different  heights  cut 
upon  the  eaft  wall  of  the  fteeple,  it  has  had  at  three  different 
times,  three  different  roofs. 

In  the  fide  walls  of  this  chapel  there  are,  as  Mr.  ^h^rtin  ob- 
ferves, 4  windows,  2  to  the  fouth  and  2  to  the  north,  exadliy 
correfponding  and  oppofite  to  each  other.  The  lower  end  of  the 
bottom  of  each  window  commences  at  the  7th  and  reaches  to 
the  8th  courfe,  and  is  i  foot  5  inches  high  ;  the  height  of  each 
window  is  6  feet  4  inches,  and  the  width  i  foot  6  inches  and  one 
half.  They  are  all  femicircular  at  top,  but  this  femicircular 
form  is  hewn  out  of  a  large  fquare  fione,  fi:anding  over  the 
fides  of  each  window.  The  fides  of  thefe  windows  flope  both 
in  the  infide  and  on  the  outfide  8  inches,  fo  that  their  width, 
meafured  from  the  two  extremities  of  the  flope,  is  2  feet  10 
inches  and  one  half.      (See  a  view  of  it  in  plate  III.) 

On  the  eaft  end  of  the  chapel  there  is  a  door  leading  into  the 
choir,  eaftward  from  it.  This  door  has  three  arches  over  it,  nor, 
as  on  the  weft  end  of  the  fteeple,  the  one  over  the  other,  but 
parallel  to  each  other.  The  middle  arch  projects  inwards  14  inches 
nearer  the  opening,  than  the  other  two :  of  courfe  they  are  higher, 
and  of  larger  circumference,  which  in  both  is  exaitly  equal. 
Thefe  three  arches,  efpecially  the  middle  one,  like  the  other  arches 
in  this  edifice,  are  larger  than  the  femicircle.  On  the  fide  next, 
the  opening  they  are  all  three  hewn  circular,  but  the  diameter  of 
this  circular  form  is  much  larger  in  the  middle  arch  than  in  any  of 
the  other  two,  which  in  both  is  exactly  the  fam.e.  All  thefe 
three  arches  reft  uj^on  one  large  ftone  hewn  in  the  form  of  three 
femicirclcs,  correfponding  to  the  three  arches  above.     This  im- 

poft 


.ao3  HISTORY    AND    ANTIQ^UITIES 

poft  projecls  over,  and  is  fupported  by  three  columns,  the  middle 
coiumii  advancing  14  inches  nearer  the  opening,  than  the  other 
two.  On  the  fide  next  the  opening  all  thefe  columns  are  hevva 
in  a  form  fomewhat  larger  than  a  femicircle,  but  the  diameter  of 
the  mid  column  much  larger  than  that  of  the  other  two.  This 
middle  column  is  built  into  the  middk  of  the  wall,  the  other  two 
have  been  fixed  to  it  by  fmall  bars  of  itv)n.  There  is  no  ap- 
pearance of  lead  near  thefe  iron  bars,  which  would  induce  one  to 
fufped:  the  ufe  of  it  was  not  known  Lii  this  country  when  the 
building  was  ere<5led. 

Each  of  thefe  columns  has  on,  the  top  of  it  an  inverted  conej^ 
with  a-  ring  raifed,  and  running  round,,  one  inch  above  the 
lower  end.  This  end  is  adjufted  to  the  lize  of  the  colmnn  orb 
v/hich  it  ftands,  and  the  other  end  reaches  up  to  the  impoft 
formerly  mentioned.  The  meafurement  from  the  top  of  the 
impoft  down  to  the  ground  is  1 6^  feet,  and  the  middle  arch  rifes 
above  the  impoft  6  feet,  fb  that  the  height  of  the  door  is  2 if 
feet,  and  its  width  is  9  feet. 

F'arther  towards  the  eaft  there  has  been  a  choir  adjoining  fo,. 
and  built  at  the  fame  time  with,  the  chapel- 
It  evidently  appears,  from  the  ragged  walls  on  the  eaft  end'  of 
the  chapel',  that  the  walls  of  this  choir  have  been-  24  feet  thick^ 
a6  feet  4  inches  high,  and  the  width  from  wall  to  wall  in  the' 
ii-ifule  16  feet;  and  from  the  foundation  of  the  walls  ftill  re- 
maining, it  appears  that  tl\e  length  of  this  building  within  the 
■walls  has  been  24  feet. 


The 


OF      ST.      RULE'S. 


The  following  Remarks  on  this  venerable  Strudlurc,  accomjianicd 
with  the  drawing  exhibited  in  Plate  I.  was  communicated  to  the 
Editor  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  in  1786. 

Mr.   Urban,  Jem.  4. 

1 N  a  tour  I  made  fome  years  ago  through  the  Northern  parts 
of  this  kingdom,  I  could  not  help  being  much  ttruck  with  the 
beauty  of  an  old  tower  1  found  at  St.  Andrew's  in  Scotland,  and 
was  not  lefs  furprized  on  being  told  of  its  very  great  antiquity, 
as  it  was  then  almoft  entire,  and  the  ftones  of  which  it  is  built 
fcarcely  at  all  w^eather-w^orn.  The  tower,  in  the  dialect  of  the 
country,  is  called  the  Jleeple  of  St.  Rule^  and  was  built,  together 
with  a  fmall  chapel  adjoining  to  it,  which  is  of  the  Huiie  kind  ot 
materials  and  workmanfl-iip,  fome  time  in  the  fourth  century,  by 
u  St.  Regulus,  a  native  of  Italy,  who  introduced  or  eftablifhed 
Chriftianity  in  thofe  parts.  The  tower,  I  was  told  (for  I  did  not 
meafure  it),  is  about  120  feet  high.  It  is  built  of  a  kind  of  free- 
fone, of  a  dullifli  white  colour;  and  the  joints  between  the 
Hones  were  then  fo  clofe,  that  the  point  of  a  knife  could  not  have 
been  thruft  into  any  chink  between  them.  I  took  a  drawing  of 
the  tower  and  adjoining  chapel,  which  I  fend  along  with  this, 
and  which  I  hope  will  find  a  place  in  your  valuable  repofitory  ; 
and  lliall  be  glad  if  any  of  your  correfpondents,  who  are  well  ac- 
quainted with  the  hiftory  and  antiquities  of  that  place,  w  ill  favour 
the  pubHck,  through  the  fame  channel,  with  a  better  account  of 
thefe  than  I  could  pick  up  in  the  courfe  of  a  hafty  ramble.  The 
cathedral,  which  was  in  the  fame  clofe  with  this  tower,  was  built 
many  centuries  later ;  but  the  ftone  of  which  it  was  built  has  been 
fo  bad  as  to  be  wafled  by  the  weather  exceedingly. 

E  c  Pleafe 


aio  T  O  \V  E  R     O  F     S  T.     R  U  L  E  '  S. 

Pleafe  to  take  notice,  that  the  large  arched  gateway  on  the 
weft  fide  of  the  tower,  which  is  now  in  part  built  up  with  ftones, 
has  been  evidently  cut  out  of  the  wall  at  a  later  period,  as  the 
nature  of  the  ftone  and  ftyle  of  workmanfhip  evidently  fliew. 
In  performing  this  work,  a  confiderable  rent  has  been  made 
above  the  arch,  which  is  reprefented  in  the  drawing. 

At  the  time  I  was  there,  the  in  fide  of  the  tower  was  open 
from  top  to  bottom,  without  any  roof.  I  have  been  juft  now 
informed,  by  a  gentleman  who  was  lately  in  that  country,  that  it 
is  now  covered-in  with  a  roof,  and  a  ftair  carried  up  to  the  top 
within  it ;  and  that  it  is  in  every  refpedl  fo  thoroughly  repaired, 
as  to  give  room  to  hope  that  it  will  remain  a  beautiful  monument 
of  art  to  a  very  diftant  period, 

A  Traveller* 


The 


£  2^1  ] 

The  Riding  of  the  Parliament  of  SCOTLAND,  1606. 

Apud  Perth,  primo  Julii,   1606. 

THE  Lords  of  Secret  Councill,  willing  that  a  decent  and  comely  ord«-  fhall  be 
obferved  and  keepcd  be  the  eftates  of  this  kingdome,  in  the  ryding  of  this  prelcnt 
Parliament,  hes  therefore  fett  down  the  order  following,  to  be  keeped  be  them  at 
tills  time  of  Parliament ;  viz. 

That  the  whole  eftates  fliall  attend  the  CommifTioners  Grace  at  his  lodgcing,  and 
convoy  him  therefra  to  the  parliament  hcule  in  this  order. 

Firil,  the  Commiffioners  of  Burrows  to  march  formoft,  two  and  two  in  rank  on 
horleback,  with  foot  mantles. 

Next,  the  abbots  and  priors  two  and  two  in  rank. 

Thirdly,  after  them,  fhall  ryde  the  temporal  bartons,  or  lords  of  parliament, 
two  and  two  in  rank  ;  and  that  every  lail  created  thall  march  together  toremoft  all 
in  there  robes. 

Fourthly,  the  Bifnops  and  Archbifliops,  two  and  two  in  rank,  according  to  there 
place  and  dignity. 

And  immediately  after  the  Earles  ranked  as  faid  is,  and  the  latefl  of  creating  to 
ryde  forcmoll. 

And  then  the  Honours  immediately  before  the  Commiffioner,  and  after  his  Grace 
the  Marquefles.  And  that  he  trumpets,  macers,  perfevants  and  hcraulds,  with  the 
king  at  armes,  keep  there  own  places  and  ranks,  according  to  there  bygone  cuflome. 

And  that  none  of  the  Eftates  repair  to  the  Parliament  houfe  whiles  the  Com- 
miflioner's  Grace  be  ready  ;  and  that  they  attend  and  waite  upon  him,  and  convoy 
him  in  there  ranks  and  order  as  written,  as  they  will  be  anfwerable  upon  there 
obedience  •,  and  ordains  publication  to  be  made  hereof,  open  proclamation  at  the 
Mercat  Crofs  of  Perth,  wherthrow  none  may  plead  ignorance  of  the  famen. 

Not\vlthftanding  of  the  Aft,  neither  commilTioners  of  burrows  nor  barrons  ryde 
for  want  of  furniture  be  reafon  of  the  untimeous  warning  •,  but  it  is  true,  that  one 
only  Parliament  in  Edinburgh  the  Commifiioners  rode  without  foot-cloaths,  fukhke 
notwithftandiug.  This  att  is  granted  to  the  Bilhops,  and  they  are  in  ufe  to  have 
the  place  of  all  Earles,  and  rides  altogether  two  and  two;  the  macers  ride  on  every 
(ide  of  the  Honours,  the  heraulds  and  puilevants  before  the  famen,  with  the 
trumpets  before  them,  according  to  there  degrees. 

All  officers  of  ftate,  as  Chancellor,  Threafurer,  Secretary,  are  in  the  Parliament- 
houfe  before  the  Eftates  come. 

The  Conftable  and  Mariftiall  attend,  to  guard  the  Parliament-houfe. 

The  Honours  are  born  by  the  firft  in  degree ;  viz.  the  crown  next  the  Gammif- 
fioner's  Grace,  the  fcepter  next,  and  fword  foremoft. 

The  Captain  of  the  Guard  diredlly  behind  his  Grace,  leaving  place  always  to  the 
Marquefles  and  other  Noblemen  attending  his  Grace  that  are  out  of  ranks.  The 
Mafter  of  the  Horfes  rides  behind  his  Grace,  lomething  afide  ;  and  after  his  Grace 
is  entered  the  Parliament-houfe,  and  fett  in  his  chair  of  ftate  upon  the  throne, 
every  Nobleman  takes  his  place  round  about,  according  to  his  place  and  rank,  &c. 

E  e  a  An 


21%.  CEREMONIAL   OBSERVED   BY   THE 


An  ACT  by  his  Royal  Highnefs  his  Majefties  High  Commiflioner, 
and  Lords  of  Privy  Council,  eftablifliing  the  order  of  the 
Rydeing,  &c.  at  the  opening  of  the  enfuing  Parliament,  and 
feveral  circumftances  relatinr  thereto,  conform  to  the  ancient 
pra6^ice  of  Scotland,  appointed  by  the  books  of  Privy  Council!, 
and  the  Lyon's  books  atEdingurgh,    25  July  i68r. 

I.  His  Majefties  High  Commiflioner,  and  Lords  of  Privy-council!,  ordain  the 
IVJagiflrates  of  Edinburgh  to  caufe  make  a  lane  of  there  citizens  in  amies, 
and  heft  order,  from  the  Lady  Steps  to  the  Nether  Bow,  his  Majefties  foot- guards 
makeing  a  lane  from  the  Nether  Bow  to  the  Palace. 

IL  The  fajd  magiflrates  are  appointed  to  order,  that  there  be  no  fhooting,  nor 
any  difplaying  of  enfigns,  nor  beating  of  drums,  during  the  cavelcadc,  nor  any 
coaches  be  feen  within  the  ports  of  Edinburgh,  till  the  whole  folemnitys  be  over, 
under  all  higheft  pains  :  1  he  faid  magiftraces  are  to  caufe  make  and  place  two 
banks  of  timber  within  the  Abby  Clofs,  for  mounting  on  horfeback  ;  and  two  at 
the  Lady  Steps,  for  mounting  upon  horfeback  and  dilmounting. 

IlL  The  Conttable  and  Maritliall  Guards  of  Partizans  are  to  make  a  lane  from 
the  Lady  Steps,  thofe  of  the  Conftables  without,  and  thofe  of  the  Marifchalls 
within  the  houfe,  allowing  the  Confrable  fix  of  his  guards  within  doors,  conform 
to  the  former  pradife. 

IV,  Every  member  of  Parliament  mull  ride,  and  the  abfents  incur  fyning,  con- 
form to  the  A&.  of  Parliament,  1662. 

v..  Where  there  be  double  eleftions  of  CommifTioners,  nether  are  to  ride. 

VL  The  nobility  are  to  ride  in  there  robes,  and  with  foot  mantles. 

VIL  The  officers  of  ftate  who  are  not  noblemen,  and  who  have  gowns  peculiar 
to  their  ofHce,  are  to  ride  in  there  gowns. 

VIII.  The  whole  members  are  to  ride  covered,  excepting  thofe  who  carry  the 
Honours. 

IX.  The  Lyon,  heraulds,  purfevants,  and  trumpets,  ride  immediately  before  the 
Honours ;  the  Lyon  in  his  coat  and  robe,  chain  and  batton,  alone,  and  immediately 
before  the  fword  of  honour  ;  the  reft  with  there  coats  and  footmantles  bareheaded, 
in  there  accuftomed  order. 

X.  The  macers  of  Councell,  and  four  macers  of  SefTion,  ride  on  each  fide  of 
the  Honours  bareheaded,  with  foot  mantles,  the  two  macers  of  Councell  attending 
the  crown,  and  the  four  macers  of  SefTion  the  fcepter  and  fword. 

XI.  The  higher  degree,  and  raoft  honourable  of  that  degree,  is  to  ride  always 
laft. 

xir. 


PARLIAMENT   OF    SCOTLAND,  i68r.  2ig 

Xn.  Every  Duke  is  to  have  eight  lackeys,  every  Marques  fix,  every  Earle  four, 
every  Vifcount  three,  ever^  Lord  three,  every  Comraiflioner  for  a  Shire  two;  and 
every  Commiflioner  for  Burghs,  and  every  Nobleman,  is  to  have  a  Gentleman  bare- 
headed to  walk  by  him,  and  to  bare  up  his  train;  and  thefe  Gentlemen  are,  at 
there  entry  to  the  houfe,  to  ftand  without  the  bar. 

Xin.  The  Archbidiops  and  Biniops  are  to  ride  in  there  gowns  and  tipetts,  with 
th-re  footmantles,  and  the  Archbilhops  may  have  eight  lackeys,  and  Bifhops  three, 
and  each  of  them  is  to  have  a  Gentleman  bareheaded  to  walk  by  him,  and  to  bear 
up  his  train. 

XIV.  The  noblemens  latkeys  may  have  over  there  liveries  velvet  coats,  with 
there  badges,  i.  e.  there  crefls  and  mottos,  done  on  plate,  or  imbroidered  upon  the 
back  and  brealt,  conform  to  ancient  cuftom,  or  there  ordinar  liveries. 

XV.  The  Conftable  and  Marefchall  are  in  the  morning  to  wait  on  his  Majcnics 
High  Commillioner  at  the  palace,  and  to  receive  his  orders  ;  and  from  thence  re- 
turning privately,  the  Conftable  is  to  come  out  of  his  lodgeing  on  foot,  and  having 
viewed  the  rooms  under  and  above  the  I'arliament-houfe,  puts  on  his  robes,  and 
having  his  batton  in  his  hand,  fets  himfcif  in  a  chair,  at  the  entry  of  the  Clois-, 
at  the  Lady-ftcps,  by  the  outmoft  of  guards,  from  which  he  is  to  raife  and  faluts 
the  Members  as  they  alight  from  there  horfes,  and  to  recommend  them  to  the 
gentlemen  of  his  guard,  to  be  conduttcd  to  the  Marifchall  guards. 

XVL  The  Marifchall  is  alio  to  attend  in  his  robes,  being  fct  in  a  chair  at  the 
head  of  his  guards,  and  to  receive  the  Members  (having  his  batton  in  his  hand)  as 
they  enter  the  door. 

XVII.  The  officers  of  (late  who  are  noblemen,  fo  many  of  them  as  are  in  th3 
kingdome,  are  to  ride  up  from  the  Abby  in  the  robes  about  half  an  hour  before  the 
cavalcade,  and  to  wait  in  the  Parliament-houfe  untill  the  High  Commiffioner  come; 
and  when  an  ordinary  fubjedf  is  Commiffioner,  the  High  Chancellor  is  to  have  his 
own  purfe  in  his  hand,  and  to  ulher  him  betwixt  the  bar  and  the  throne ;  but  when 
his  Royal  Highncfs,  or  any  lawful  brother  or  a  fon  of  the  King,  is  Commiflioner, 
he  is  to  uflier  them  from  the  door  itfelf,  and  back. 

XVIII.  The  whole  members  of  Parliament  are  to  wait  upon  his  Majefly's  High 
Comaiiflioner  in  the  Guard  hall,  and  the  Nobility  being  in  their  robes  ;  and  the 
fervants  and  horfes  are  to  attend  in  the  outer  Clofs. 

XIX.  The  Lyon  King  at  Armes  in  his  coat,  robe,  chain,  and  batton  (to  whofe 
charge  the  order  of  the  rideing  is  committed),  with  lis  heraulds,  fix  purievants,  fix 
trumpets,  in  there  coats,  attend  likewife. 

XX.  How  foon  his  Majefties  High  Commiffioner  is  ready,  the  Lord  Regifler  (or 
fuch  as  he  flijll  appoint)  and  Lyon  Handing  together,  each  ot  them  holding  a  roll 
in  his  hand,  and  the  rolls  being  read,  and  the  Lyon  is  to  call  the  names  of  fuch 
of  them  as  are  to  ride  according  to  there  order,  and  one  herauld  is  to  cry  out 
aloud  at  one  of  the  windows,  and  another  herauld  to  Hand  at  the  gate,  and  fee  them 
doe  accordingly. 

XXI.  The  Members  are  to  ryde  two  and  two,  each  degree  by  itielf,  zt  fome- 
dUlance,  without  mixing  with  any  other  degree  ;  lb  that  it  there  fall  to  be  an  odd 


Member  of  one  degree,  he  muft  ride  alone* 


XXIL 


214  CEREMONIAL   OBSERVED  BY    THE 

XXII.  The  Lord  Rcgifter  is  to  make  up  the  Rolls  of  Parliament,  Rolls  for  the 
rideing;  and  calling  in  tTie  Parliament-houfc,  conform  to  the  riding  and  calling  of 
the  laft  Parliamenr  anno  1669,  whcrof  he  is  to  give  the  L3'on  a  juft  duplicat, 
except  where  there  is  juft  ground  to  alcer  the  fame  ;  and  the  Members  are  10  ride  as 
they  are  called  ;  but  if  they  thifik  themleivcs  perjudged,  they  may  protcfl;  in  the 
fame  manners  at  the  calling  of  the  Rolls  in  the  houfe,  and  may  afterwards,  as  they 
think  fit,  apply  themfclves  to  the  Parliament  for  remedy. 

XXIII.  The  Honours  are  to  be  carried  immediately  before  the  High  Com- 
miflloner,  the  crown  by  the  Marques  of  Douglas,  the  f;epter  next  by  the  ekied 
Earl  prefent,  and  the  fword  before  it  by  the  Earl  next  in  order ;  and  the  bearers 
are  to  ride  one  by  one  bareheaded. 

XXIV.  The  Dukes  and  Marquefles  are  to  ride  after  the  High  Commiffioner  at 
fome  diftance;  conform  to  the  former  cuftome. 

XXV.  The  Maflerof  Horfes  to  ride  bareheaded  after  his  Majefty's  High  Com-* 
miffioner,  but  a  little  afidc  when  the  Commiffioner  is  the  King's  lawful  fon  or 
brother. 

XXVI.  The  Gentleman  Ufhef,  with  a  white  rode  in  his  hand,  is  to  ride  afide 
bareheaded  near  to  the  Commifiioner,  he  before,  on  the  fame  fide  ;  and  in  the  fame 
inanner  as  the  Matter  of  the  Horfe  behind  in  the  cafe  forefaid. 

XXVII.  How  foon  his  Majelty's  High  CommifTioner  alights  from  his  horfe,  the 
Lord  Conftable  is  to  receive  him,  and  to  attend  him  to  the  Marifchall  Guards  ;  and 
then  both  Conftable  and  Marifchall  are  to  convoy  him  bareheaded  to  the  throne, 
and  are  in  the  fame  manner  to  attend  him  in  his  return  to  horfe. 

XXVill.  When  the  Members  alight,  the  fervants  and  horfes  are  to  reniove,  and 
to  (land  in  the  Land-Mercat,  betwixt  the  Tollboth  and  the  Wey-houfe,  untill  the 
High  Commifiioner  be  upon  his  return  to  the  palace. 

XXIX.  The  return  to  the  palace  is  to  be  in  the  fame  manner,  with  thefe  two 
alterations;  viz.  firft,  the  Conftable  and  Marifchall  ride  on  the  High  Commifiioner's 
rio-ht  and  left-hand,  with  capes  of  permiffion,  the  Conftable  on  the  right,  and 
Marifchal  on  the  left;  fecondly,  the  officers  of  ftate  who  are  noblemen  are  not  ^o 
take  there  horfe  untill  the  High  Commiffioner  be  gone,  and  then  are  to  ride  at 
fome  diftance  after  the  guard. 


OR- 


PARLIAMENT  OF  SCOTLAND,  i65i  21 


» 


ORDER  of  the  proceeding  .on  horfeback,  to  be  performed  tlie 
firft  day  of  the  enfuing  Parhament  by  all  the  members  of 
Parliament^  in  convoying  his  Royal  Highnefs  his  Majefty's 
High  Commiffioner,  from  the  Abbay  of  Holyroodhoufe  to 
the  Parliament-houfe,  and  back  again  to  the  Palace,  the  28th 
day  of  July,    1681. 

ABOUT  the  fpace  of  half  an  hour  before  the  riding  begin,  Lord  High  Chancellor 
and  Lord  Privy  Seal  (thev  being  only  prefentof  the  principal  officers  of  fiate)  ride 
up  in  there  robes,  the  Chancellour  on  the  right  hand  with  mace  and  purfe  before 
him,  and  the  Privy  Seal  on  the  left ,  and  in  there  return  to  the  palace  they  are  to 
ride  at  a  diflance,  after  the  guard. 

Two  trumpets  with  there  coats  and  banners  bareheaded,       1        n       u 

Two  purfevants  in  there  coats  and  footmanties  bareheaded,  J  ^°  uiner  the  way. 

The  commiflioners  for  burghs,  two  and  two. 

The  commiffioncrs  for  fhires,  two  and  two. 

The  four  officers  of  flate  who  are  not  noblemen,  two  and  two. 

The  Lords  or  Birons  of  parliament,  two  and  two. 

The  B:lliops,  two  and  two. 

The  two  ArchbrQiops. 

Four  trumpets  in  there  coats  and  banners  bareheaded,  two  and  two. 

Four  purlevants  in  there  coats  and  footmanties  bareheaded,  two  and  two. 

Six  heraulds  in  there  coats  and  footmanties  bareheaded,  two  and  two. 

The  Lyon  king  of  arms,  in  his  coar,  robe,  collar,  batton,  and  footmantle,  bare- 
headed. 

TU^n^  A,T,^»..     fThe  fword  of  ftate,  born  bv  the  Earl  of  Mar,     ")  t,,        . . 
Three  Macers     I  bareheaded.  /Three  Macers 

vvuh  the  maces  ]^^^  ^^^^         ^,^^  ^^^j  ^^  ^  with  tnere 

and  foot-  .  bareheaded.  "^  f  "^^<^«  ^"^  ^o^^' 

mantles,  bare-    /  ^j^^  ^  ^^^^.^^       ^^^  ^^^  ^  mantles,  bare- 

^'^'^"^-  t  ;  bareheaded.  °     'J  headed. 

The  Gentleman Ufher  with  his  T  A  nobleman  bearing  the  purfe,  with  his 
white  rode  afide,  bareheaded.  J      Royal  Highnefs's  commiflion,  bareheaded. 

fHis  Royal  Highnefs  his  Majelly's  High  CommifTioner,  at- 

The  Mafter  of  Horfe   !      tended  with  his   fervants,  pages,  and  footmen;  and  in 

bareheaded,  in  the  cafe  \^     the  return  co  the  palace,  having  the  High  Conftable  on 

forelaid.  I       his  nght-hapd,  and  the  Marifchal  on  his  left,  with  capes 

L     of  permifiion,  and  in  there  robes. 

The  Dukes  and  Marquefles  atiei:ding  his  Majefties  High  Commiffioner 

in  there  robes. 
The  Captain  of  his  Majefty's  guard  on  :he  head  of  the  troup  of  guards. 

Extraded  by  me,  Wil.  Paterson,  CI.  Sti  Concilii, 

7  Orde 


2X6 


CEREMONY  OBSERVED   BY  THE 
Order  of  the  Cavealcad,   28  July,   1681. 

2  Trumpets.  2  Purfevants. 

COM.MISSIOKERS    for   BuRGHS. 


Innerheric. 

Forfar. 

Brechin. 

Alexander  Man. 

John  Carnegie. 

David  Donaldfone. 

Kirkwall. 

Whitehonie. 

Ktnghorne. 

David  Craigie. 

David  Forrefter. 

Robert  Bruce. 

IVcek. 

Baniff. 

Innerkeithing. 

Alexander  Mafon. 

William  Fife. 

Mr.  John  Dempftcr, 

Cromarty, 

Culrofs, 

Bumtijland. 

Rofe  Markle. 

George  Wilfone. 

James  Dewar. 

Innerverie. 

"Taync. 

Invernefs, 

John  Anderlbn. 

John  Forrefter. 

William  Duff. 

In-ir  rary. 

CrailL 

Dumfries. 

William  Brown. 

George  Moncrieff. 

William  Creik. 

^leemferry. 

Peebles. 

Anfiruther  Eajler. 

James  Hill. 

William  Williamfone. 

Robert  Anftruthtfr. 

Bornack,  Dingwal. 

Elgin. 

Coupar. 

Donald  Bain. 

John  Fyfie. 

Patrick  Mortimer. 

Foretrofi. 

Aherbrothzvick. 

Men!  rofe. 

Robert  Janes. 

John  Kyd. 

Robert  Ren  aid. 

i<lew  Giillozvay.    Sanquhar 

Lanrick. 

Kn-kaldie. 

Kobert  Carmichell. 

William  Wilkie. 

John  Williamfone. 

hoclmiaheiu 

Dimbar. 

Dyfert. 

John  Johnfton. 

James  Hamilton. 

John  Reddle. 

Amand. 

Renfrew, 

Haddingtown, 

James  Carruthers. 

Robert  Hall. 

Mr.  Henry  Cockburn. 

Kinlorc, 

Dumbarton. 

Air. 

John  Udnev. 

William  M'Farlane. 

William  Cunningham. 

Lauder. 

Selkirk. 

Glafgcw. 

diaries  Lauder. 

Sir  Patrick  Murray. 

John  Bell. 

Kclmurric.     Culkn. 

Pittenxvam. 

St.  Andrew's. 

James  Ogilvie. 

George  RufTclI. 

Mr.  John  Eafone. 

North   Berwick. 

Dunifermling. 

LinlilhgKV. 

Dovible  Ele^ions. 

Andrew  Belfrage. 

Alexander  Miin. 

Ruthergkn. 

IFigtczi'ne. 

Sterling. 

Double  Elections. 

William  (Jalteraine. 

Robert  RufTell. 

Forrees. 

Kirkitdbrightt 

Aberdeen. 

Thomas  Urquhatt. 

Samuel  Carmont. 

George  Skene,  Provoft. 

Nairne. 

Jedburgh. 

Dundic. 

John  Rofs. 

Andrew  Anflie. 

John  Scrimfour. 

Rot  he/ay. 

Irving. 

Cuthbert  Stewart. 

James  Boyle. 

C 

Com- 


PARLIAMENT    OF    SCOTLAND,  i6Si. 
COMMI  S  lONE  R  S    for    SHIRES. 


217 


Perth. 
John  Glal's,  Provod. 

For  the  Burgh  of  EJinhurgh. 
Sir  James  Dick,  of  Prieftfield,  Provofl. 
Edward  Cleghorne. 

Kiarofs. 
Sir  William  Brue,  of  Balcad-cy. 

Rofs. 
Sir  George  Mackenzie,  of  Tarbets. 
Mr.  Rod.  Makenzie,  of  Findone. 

Clackmanan. 
Sir  William  Sharp,  of  Stonehill. 

Orkney, 
William  Craigie,  of  Gucrfny. 

Elg'mc. 
Lord  Grant  of  Feuchie. 
Tho.  Dunbar  of  Grange. 
Caithnefs. 
Geo.  Sinclare,  of  Ulbfter. 
Sutherland. 
Rob.  Geordon,  younger  of  Gordefton. 
Jo.  Geodon,  of  Emboli. 

.  Stevvartrie  of  Kerkudbright. 
Sir  Robert  Maxwell  of  Urchertown. 

Baniff. 
Sir  Patrick  Ogil  vie,  of  Boyne. 
George  Gordon,  of  EdenglalTie. 

Forfar. 
Sir  David  Ogilvie,  of  Clova. 
James  Carnegee,  of  Belnamoone. 

Fife. 
Sir  Charles  Kalkel,  of  Pilferren. 
William  Anftruther  younger,   of  An- 
ftruther. 

Argyle. 
John  Campbell,  of  Carrick. 
John  Campbell,  of  Succoth. 

Cromarty. 
Geo.  Dallas,  of  St.  Martin's. 

Nairne. 
Sir  Hugh  Campbell,  of  Calder. 
Duncan  Forbes,  of  Calloaden. 
Invernefs.     Aberdeen. 
Sir  Alexander  Setton,  of  Pellmeden. 
Sir  George  Gordon,  of  Iladdoe. 


Kinkardlne. 
Sir  Alexander  Falconer,  of  Glenferques. 
Sir  Jo.  Falconer,  ot  Balmackelly. 

Ferlh. 
Sir  William  Drnmmond,  of  Ccomlix. 
Mungo  Haldone,  of  Gleneglis. 

Linlithgo"M. 
Double  Elections. 
Sterling. 
Sir  James  Sellon  of  Touch;  the  other 
Eledlion  controverted. 

Kenfreii\  . 
William  Hamilton,  of  Orbefton. 
Sir  John  Shaw,  of  Greenock. 

Bute. 
John  Bogle,  of  Kelburn, 
Ninnian  Bannalyne,  of  Kaines. 

Dumbartone. 
Sir  Patrick  Houftown  of  that  Ilk. 
William  Noble,  of  Dakillar. 

Aire. 
Sir  John  Cochran,  cf  Ochiltree. 
Sir  John  Cunningham,  of  Lambrughton. 

Wigtone. 
Sir  James  Dalrymple,  of  Stair. 
Sir  David  Dunbar,  of  Baldoone. 

Dumfries. 
Sir  Robert  Dalzel,  of  Glennao, 
Robert  Greerfon,  of  Lag. 

hanerk. 
Cromwell  Lockhart,  of  Lee. 
Sir  George  Lockhart,  of  Bred  wood, 

Peebles. 
Double  Elcftions. 

Selkirk. 
James  Murray,  of  Philliphaugh, 
Hugh  Scott,  of  Gallowfhiells. 

Poxburgh. 
Henry  M'Douall,  of  M'Kerftone. 
Robert  Pringle,  of  SiitchielJ. 

Berzmk.      | Double  Eleaions. 

Haddington,  j 
For  the  Shire  of  F.dinburgh. 
Sir  James  Foulis,  cf  Collingtown. 
Sir  John  Caper,  of  Gogar. 

F  f  OFFI- 


2.}§ 


CEREMONIAL   OBSERVED   BY    THE 
OFFICERS    OF    STATE. 


jLiaice  Clerk. 

Advocate. 

Regifter. 

Thefauerer  Deput. 

LORDS. 

Nairne. 

Balgeanie. 

B:dmerinoch, 

Burntidand. 

Frafer. 

Lindores. 

Newwark. 

Kirkudbright. 

Spynie. 

Bellenden. 

Pitfligo. 

Torphichen.- 

Rutherford. 

Forreiter. 

Rofs. 

M'Donald. 

Rae. 

Borthwick. 

Ruthven. 

Cramond. 

Lovac. 

Colvill. 

Cameron. 

Oliphant. 

Hollo. 

Napier. 

Elphingdowne. 

Duffus. 

Melvill. 

Sanpitt. 

Carmichaell. 

Cuper. 

Mordingtown. 

Abercrombie. 

Madertie. 

Sinclare. 

Belhaven. 

Jedburgh. 

Cathcart. 

Halkertown. 

Burligh. 

Ochiltree. 

Dunkeld. 

Cranftone. 

Gray. 

Elibank. 

Cardrofs. 

Saltovvne. 

BamfF. 
1 

Blantyre. 
BISHOPS. 

The  Lord  Forbes. 

Bifhop  of  Orknay. 

Bifhop  of  Dumblain. 

Bifliop  of  Aberdeen. 

BilTiop  of  Argyle. 

Bifliop  of  Brechen. 

Bifliop  of  Dunkeld. 

Bifliop  of  the  Ifles. 

Bifliop  of  Rofs. 

Bifliop  of  Galloway. 

Bifhop  of  Caithnefs. 

Bifliop  of  Murray. 

I'he  Bifliop  of  Edinburgh. 

VISCOUNT 

S. 

Newhaven. 

Oxfoord. 

Stormojit. 

Prertoune. 

Kingfloune. 

Dumbarr. 

Dumblainc. 

Frendraught. 

The  Vifcount  of  Falk 

Kilfyth. 

Arbuthnott. 

land. 

Irving. 

Kenmure. 
E    A    R    L     E    S. 

-  Caithncs. 

Newburgh. 

Baliarras. 

JKintore, 

Farras. 

Kinkardine 

Dumbartown. 

Aboyn. 

Nortiieik. 

Dundonald. 

Midletoun. 

Tueddell. 

Kilmariujck. 

Forfar. 

Pan  mure. 

Dyfert. 


PARLIAMENT    OF   S  C  0  T  L  A  N  D,  i<58r. 


219- 


Dyfert. 

Arnandale« 

Leven. 

Callender. 

Carnwath. 

Finlator. 

Airly. 

Dalloufie,- 

Weems. 

Ancram. 

Traquair. 

Southeflc. 

Elgine. 

bterling. 


Qneenfbury. 

Dumfries. 

Laudovvne. 

Kinnoull. 

Lothian. 

Seaforth. 

Galloway. 

Haddingtovva. 

Kellie. 

Roxburgh. 

Abercorne. 

Strathmore. 

Wigtoune. 

Dumfermling. 


Perth. 

Home. 

Linlithgow'. 

Wintoun. 

Nithidale. 

Cam  lies. 

Eglingtowne. 

Glencairne. 

Buchan. 

Mortone, 

Airth. 

Sutherland. 

Crawfoord, 


ARCHBISHOPS. 

The  Archbifhop  of  Glafgow. 
The  Archbifliop  of  St.  Andrew's^ 

Four  Trumpets.' 
Four  Purfcvanta. 
Six  Heraulds. 
Lyon  King  of  Amies. 
The  Eark  of  Mar  bearing  the  fword. 
The  Earle  of  Argyle  bearing  the  fcepter. 
The  Marques  cf  Douglas  bearing  the  crown« 
The  fix  Macers  afide. 
The  Purfe  with  the  Commifllon. 
The  Ufiier  afide  the  High  Ccmmiffioner. 
The  Malier  of  Horfes  afide  the  Dukes  and  MarquefTes. 
The  Captain  of  the  Guard,  and  Guard. 
A  led  horfe,  with  the  Lord  Privy  Sealj  being  only  prefent  of  ali  the  Officers 
of  Strite,  rides  up  before,  and  comes  down  after. 


Ff 


The 


2:a  CEREMONY   OBSERVED    BY    THE 

The  Rolls  of  the  Piiliops,  Nobility,  Officers  of  State,  Com- 
miffioners  for  Shires  and  Burghs  of  the  Kingdom  of  Scotland, 
called  in  the  firft  Parliament"  of  our  dread  Sovereign  King 
James  the  Seventh,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King  of  Great 
Britain,  France,  and  Ireland,  Defender  of  the  Faith,  as  they 
were  called,  by  Sir  George  M'Kenzie  of  Tarbit,  Knight  and 
Baronet,  Clerk  to  his  Majefty's  Council,  Parliament  Regifter 
and  Rolls,  holden  at  Edinburgh  the  Twenty-third  Day  of 
April,  One  Thoufand  Six  Hundred  and  Eighty-five  years,  by 
an  high  and  mighty  Prince,  his  Majefty's  right  truftie  and 
mod  intirely  well-beloved  Cufine  and  Councellor  William 
Duke  of  Quenfberry,  Marques  of  Dumfries-fliire,  Earl  of 
Drumlanrick  and  Sanquar,  Vifcount  of  Nith,  Torherwald,  and 
Rofs,  Lord  Douglas  of  Kinmouth,  Middlebic,  and  Dornick, 
and  his  Majefty's  High  Commiffioner  for  holding  the  fame, 
Lord  High  Thefeauerer  of  this  his  Majefty's  ancient  Kingdom 
of  Scotland,  One  of  the  Lords  of  his  Majefties  moft  Honour- 
able Privy  Council  of  the  faid  Kingdom,  one  of  the  Lords 
Extraordinary  of  Seffion,  Chief  Governor  of  the  Caftle  of 
Edinburgh,  and  one  ■  of  his  Majefty's  Honourable  Privy 
Councill  in  the  Kino-dome  of  Enoland.. 

O  O 

The   CLERGIE  in  PARLIAMENT,    1685. 

ARCHBISHOPS. 

Archbifhop  of  St.  Andrew's. 
Archbifhop  of  Glafgow. 

BISHOPS. 

TheBifliop  of  Edingbnrgh.  Bifhop  of  Murraj'.  Bifliop  of  Caithnefs. 

Biiliop  of  Galloway.  Bifhop  of  Rofs.  Bifhop  of  the  Ifles. 

Bifliop  of  Dunkeld.  Bifhop  of  Brichsne.  Bifliop  of  Argyle. 

Bifliop  of  Aberdeen.  Biiliop  of  Dumblane.  Bifliop  of  Orkney. 

The  NOBILITY. 
James  Earl  of  Perth,  Lord  High  Chancellor  of  Scotland. 
The  Marques  of  Atholl,  Lord  Privy  Seal!. 

DUKES. 


TARLIAMENT   OF    SCOTLAND,  16S5. 


221 


DUKES. 

Duke  of  Hamiltown. 
Duke  of  Buccleugh. 
Duke  of  Lenox. 
Duke  of  Gordon. 
D.  of  Qi, 

E  A  R  L  E  S. 

The  Earl  of  Murray  Lord 

Secretary. 
The  Earl  of  Craufoord. 
The  Earl  of  Errold. 
The  Earl  of  Marifhall. 

Marr. 

Airth. 

Rothes. 

Mo  r  cone. 

Buchan. 

Glencairne. 

Eglingtown. 

Gaffils. 

Caithnefs. 

Nithfdale. 

Wintovvr>.' 

Linlithgow. 

Hume. 

Perth. 

Dumferling. 

Wigtowne. 

Strathmore. 

Abercome. 

Til. 

Roxburgh. 

Kellie. 

Haddington. 

Galloway.  • 

S^aforth. 

Lauderdale. 

Lothian. 

KinnouU. 

Loudown. 

Dumfries. 

Sterling.  • 

Elg>ne. 

Southefk. 

Traquair. 


M  A  R  Q^U  E  S  E  S. 

The  Marques  of  Douglas. 
The  Marques  of  Montrofe. 
Marques  of  A. 


Ancram. 

Prefione. 

Weems. 

Newhaven. 

Dalhoufy. 

Melford. 

Airlie. 

Tarbet. 

Findlater. 

LORDS. 

Carnwath. 

Callander. 

The  Lords  Forbes 

Leven. 

Salcoune. 

Annandale. 

Ochiltrie. 

Dyferr. 

Catchcart. 

Panmure. 

Sinclaire. 

Tweddall. 

Mordingtovvn. 

Northefk. 

Sempell. 

Kincardine. 

Elphingftown. 

Balcarras. 

Lovat. 

Forfar. 

Borihwick. 

Middletoun. 

Oliphant. - 

Aboyn. 

Rofs. 

Newburgh. 

Torpichen. 

Kilmarnock. 

Spinie. 

Dundonald. 

Lindores. 

Dumbartone. 

Balmerreno. 

Kintore. 

Blantyre. 

Breadalbine. 

Cardras. 

Aberdeen. 

Cranllown. 

Burlie. 

VISCOUNTS. 

Maderlie.  - 

, 

Coupar. 

The  VifcouTit  of-  Falkland. 

MelvrH. 

Dumbar. 

Napier. 

Stormont. 

Cameron;  ■ 

Kenmure. 

Cramond. 

Arbuthnot. 

Rae. 

Trendraught. 

Forrefler. 

Kingftown. 

Pittfligo. 

Oxfoord. 

Kirkudbright. 

Irvine. 

Frazer. 

Kilfyth. 

Balguenia. 

Dumblane. 

Bamff. 

122 


CEREMONYOBSERVED   BY  THE 


Elebank. 

Duffus. 

Ballantyne., 

Dunkeld. 

Rollo. 

New-wark. 

Halkertown, 

Colvill. 

Burntinand. 

Balhaven. 

Ruthven. 

Nairne. 

Abercrombie. 

M'Donald. 

Eymouth. 

Carmichaell. 

Rutherford. 

Kennard. 

COMMISSIONERS  FOR  SHIRES. 

Edinburgh. 

Bute. 

Fife. 

Uaddinglozvn, 

Renfrew. 

Forfar. 

Berwick. 

Stirling. 

Bamff. 

Roxburgh, 

Linlithgozv. 

Kirkudbright. 

Selkirk. 

Perth. 

Sutherland. 

Teebles. 

Kincardine, 

Caithnes . 

Lanerk. 

,                 Aberdeen. 

Elgine. 

Dumfries. 

Inner  nefs. 

Orknay. 

TVigtown. 

Nairne. 

ClackmanaHf 

Aire. 

Cromarty, 

Rofs. 

Dumbartone, 

Argyle. 

Kinrofs. 

COMMISSIONERS  FOR  THE 

BURGHS. 

Edinburgh. 

Jedburgh. 

Rutherglen. 

Perth. 

Kirkudbright. 

Ncrthbenviek. 

Dundie. 

IPlgtown. 

Cullen. 

Aherdem. 

Dumfermling, 

Kellorne. 

Stirling. 

Pittenweem, 

Lauder, 

Linlithgow. 

Selkerk. 

Kinlore. 

St.  Andrew's. 

Dumbartone. 

Annan. 

Glafgoio. 

P<enfre%v. 

Locbmaben^. 

Air. 

Dumbar. 

Sanquhar. 

Haddingtown, 

Lanrick. 

New  Gallozvay-. 

Byfert. 

Aberbrothick. 

Fortrofs. 

Kirkcaldy. 

Elgin  e. 

Dingwall, 

Montrofe. 

Peddles. 

Dornock. 

Cupar. 

Craill. 

9^eensferry, 

Anjlrnther. 

Tayne. 

Innvertirie, 

Dumfries. 

Cuhos. 

Jnnverary. 

Innernes, 

Bamff. 

Rofcmarky. 

Burnfijland. 

Wbitborne. 

Cromarty^ 

Inner  keithing. 

Forfar. 

Week. 

Kinghorn. 

Rethfiy. 

Kirktvall. 

Brechcn. 

Nairne. 

Inncrbcrvie. 

Irving, 

Forres. 

Memo- 


PARLIAMENT   OF   SCOTLAND,  16S5.  223 


jMeraorandum  from  the  Lyon-officc,  concerning  the  Order  to 
be  ufed  at  the  opening  of  the  enfuing  Parliament  (to  which 
his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Queenlberry  is  his  Majerty's  High 
Commiffioncr)  conform  to  the  A6t  of  Privy  Council,  and 
Plan  laid  down  at  the  opening  of  the  laft  Parliqiment. 

1.  THE  Magiilratcs  of  Edinburgh  nuifi:  be  ordered  to  caufe  mike  a  bne 
of  their  Citizens  in  there  arms,  and  in  the  btft  order,  from  the  Lady's  Steps  to 
the  Ncdder-bow  ;  and  his  IMajefty's  foot-guards  are  to  be  ordered  to  make  a  lane 
from  thence  to  the  palace  •,  and  both  are  to  be  exprefsly  ordered,  that  there  be  no 
(hotting,  difplaying  of  enfignes,  nor  beating  of  drums,  during  the  cavalcade;  and 
the  Magiflrates  are  to  take  fpeciall  care  that  no  coaches  be  feen  within  the  ports  untill 
the  folemnity  be  over,  under  the  highefl:  pains. 

2.  The  faid  Magiftrates  are  to  caufe  make  two  banks  of  tin:iber  within  the  Abby 
Clofs,  and  as  many  below  the  Lady's  Steps,  whereon  the  Members  may  mount  and 
difmount. 

3.  The  Lords  High  Conflable  and  Marifcha!  are  to  mal-.e  the  lane  with  there 
guard  of  partizans,  i'rom  the  Lady  Steps  to  the  Barr  of  the  Houfe  ;  thofc  with  the 
Conflable  without,  and  thofe  of  the  Marifchall  within  the  hou!'e,  allowing  alwavs  to 
the  Conflable  fix  of  his  guards  within  doors. 

4.  Every  Member  of  Parliament  muft  ride,  and  the  abfcnts  fineable,  conforme  to 
the  A&  of  Parliament. 

5.  Where  there  are  Double  Eledions  of  Commifiioners,  neither  of  the  contro-  - 
verting  parties  is  to  ride. 

6.  'ITie  whole  Nobility  are  to  ride  in  there  robes,  with  footmen. 

7.  The  officers  of  ftate  who  are  not  noblemen,  and  who  have  gowns  peculiar  to 
there  office,  are  to  ride  in  thofe  gownes. 

8.  The  whole  Members  are  to  ride  covered,  excepting  thofe  carrying  the  Honours, 
who  ought  to  be  dif-covered. 

9.  The  Lyon,  in  his  robe,  coat,  chain,  and  batton,  rides  imirediately  before  the 
Honours,  ufiiered  by  all  the  heraulds,  purfevants,  with  the  coats  and  footmantlcs, 
and  trumpet?,  in  formalitys,  all  bareheaded,  excepting  two  purfevants  and  two 
trumpets,  who  are  to  uflier  the  way  to  the  whole  Members. 

10.  The  two  Macers  of  Councill,  and  four  Macers  of  Seffion,  to  ride  on  each 
fide  of  the  Honours,  baieheaded,  three  and  three,  with  footmantlcs. 

11.  Every  Duke  may  have  eight  lacqueys,  every  Marques  fix,  the  Earles  four, 
Vifcounts  three,  the  Lords  or  barons  three,  the  Commiffioners  for  Shyres  tvvo; 
and  every  CommifTioner  fur  a  Burgh  one  ;  and  every  Nobleman  may  have  a  Gentle- 
man bareheaded  to  walk  by  him  at  the  riding,  and  to  bear  up  h.s  train  v/hen  he 
difmounts,  which  Gentlemen,  at  their  entry  to-  the  houfe,  are  to  {land  without  the 

6  bar. 


;24  CEREMONY   OBSERVED    BY   THE 

b.ir.  Thcfe  noblemen  may  have  over  there  liveries  velvet  coats,  with  there  badges, 
done  in  plate,  embroidred  on  the  back  and  breaft,  conform  to  ancient  cuftom,  or 
may  make  v(e  of  there  ordinary  or  nevz-fifiiioned  liveries,  in  there  option. 

12.  The  Archfaifhops  and  Bifliops  are  to  ride  in  there  gowns  and  tippetts,  and 
footmantles  ;  and  the  Archbiiliopj  may  have  eight  lacqueys,  and  the  Bifhops  three ; 
and  each  of  theai  a  Gentleman  to  bear  up  liis  train. 

13.  The  whole  Members  of  Parliament  ar.  to  wait  upon  his  MajeRy's  High 
CommifTioner,  in  the  I'alace,  in  their  Formalities,  by  8  in  the  morning,  there  fervants 
and  horfes  attending  in  the  outer  court. 

14.  The -Lord  High  Ccnftable  and  Lord  High  Marifchal  are  to  wait  on  his  Ma- 
jeflies  High  Corairiiffioner  airly  in  the  morning  ;  and  having  received  his  orders  to 
return  privately,  the  Conftable  is  then  to  fearch  the  rooms  under  and  above  the  Parlia- 
ment-houfe,  and  thereafter  putting  on  his  robes,  and  having  his  batton  in  his  hand, 
is  tofet  himfclf  in  a  chair,  at  the  entry  by  the  Ladies-fteps,  and  hard  by  the  utmoll 
of  his  guards,  from  whence  he  is  to  arife  and  falute  every  Member  as  he  alights 
from  his  horle,  and  recommend  them  to  the  gentlemen  of  his  guards  to  conduit 
them  to  the  Marilchall  guards ;  and  the  Marifchall  is  alfo  to  be  fet  in  a  chair  at  the 
he-id  of  his  guards,  with  liis  robes  and  batton,  from  whence  he  is  to  arife  and 
receive  each  Member  as  they  enter  the  door. 

15.  The  officers  of  Rate,  who  are  noblemen,  are  to  ride  from  the  Palace  in  their 
robes,  about  half  an  hour  before  the  cavalcade  begin,  and  to  wait  in  the  Houfe  untill 
my  Lord  High  Commiilloners  comeing;  and  how  foon  his  Grace  my  Lord  High 
Commiffioner  fliall  come  the  length  of  the  bar,  my  Lord  High  Chancellor  is  to  take 
his  own  place  on  his  right  hand,  and  to  ulher  his  Grace  from  thence  to  the  throne. 

16.  The  whole  members  are  to  ride  two  and  two,  each  degree  by  itfelf ;  the 
higheft  degree,  and  mofl  honourable  of  that  degree,  being  always  latl ;  and  if  ic 
fall  that  there  be  an  odd  IMember  of  one  degree,  he  mull:  ride  alone. 

17.  The  Dukes  and  Marqueiles  are  to  ride  after  the  High  Commiffioner,  at  fome 
diflance  ;  the  higher  degree  being  almoft  next  to  his  perfon. 

18.  The  Honours  are  to  be  carried  immediately  before  his  Grace  my  Lord  High 
CommiiTioner ;  the  Crown  next  to  his  perfon,  by  the  Marques  of  Douglas. 

"['he  fcepter  next  to  it  by  the  eldefl  Earle  prelcnt- 

And  the  fwcrd  before  it  by  the  Earle  next  in  order,  the  bearers  ryding  bare- 
headed. 

39,  His  Grace  the  Lord  High  CommilTiGner  is  to  ride  immediately  after  the 
Honours,  having  theComniiffion  borne  before  him  by  a  Lord  or  a  Peer's  fon,  bare- 
headed, attended  with  his  gentlemen,  pages,  and  footmen  ;  and  how  foon  his 
Maiedies  High  ComraifTioner  alights  from  his  horfe,  the  Lord  High  Conftable  re- 
ccivc's  him,  and  attends  him  to  the  Marifchall  guards  ;  and  then  both  Conftable  and 
Marifchai  are  to  convey  him  bareheaded  on  each  hand  to  the  throne,  and  attend 
him  back  to  his  horfe. 

23.  After  all  comes  his  Majeftles  troop  of  Guards. 

21.'  When  the  Members  alight,  the  fervants  and  horfes  arc  to  remove  and  flanJ 
in  the  Land  Mercat  untill  the  High  Comminioner  be  upon  his  return  to  the  Palace. 

22,  The 


PARLIAMENT  OF    SCOTLAND,  i6Si.  225 

2,2.  The  return  to  the  Palace  is  to  be  in  the  fame  manner,  except  thefc  two  par- 
ticulars. 

1.  The  Conftable  and  M'-tifchal  ride  in  the  return  on  the  High  Comraiffioner's 
right  and  left  hands,  with  caps  of  permifTion. 

2.  The  oiFicers  of  Rate  who  are  noblemen  are  not  to  take  horfe  untili  his  Grace 
the  Commiffioner  be  gone,  and  then  arc  to  ride  down  at  fome  diftance  after  the 
guards. 

23.  Some  dayes  before  the  Parliament  ride,  the  Lord  Regifter  and  Lyon  are  to 
compare  and  adjuft  their  rerpe(f^ive  rolls  of  parliament;  and  the  Ljon  is  to  have  a 
juft  double  of  the  rcgifler's  rolls,  with  the  addition  of  the  new  Commiflioners. 
Accordfng  to  which  roil,  the  Lyon  is  to  order  the  whole  proceffion,  and  to  call  the 
members  to  ride  in  the  Abbay  Clofs  and  at  the  Lady's  Steps  refpe-flively,  and  to 
fee  them  ryde  accordingly,  and  if  any  of  the  members  think  themfelves  prejudged, 
they  may  proteft  either  then  or  afterwards,  at  the  calling  of  the  rolls  in  the  houfe, 
or  at  both. 

It  is  humbly  offered,  for  preventing  a  dilordcrly  riding,  that  thefe  following 
faults,  committed  at  the  lafl;  cavalcade  may  be  now  timeoufly  obviat. 

1.  Whereas  the  Gentlemen  Commiflioners  for  the  Shires  ought  to  ride  according 
to  the  roll,  yet  the  Commiflioners  for  the  fliires  of  Perth  and  Fife  would  not 
fubmit  to  the  orders  given  them  for  ryding  in  their  proper  places,  but  came  away 
in  a  diforderly  manner  before  the  whole  members. 

2.  Albeit  no  perfon  ought  to  interpofe  betwixt  his  Majefties  Commiflioner  and 
the  Honours,  except  he  who  bears  the  Commiflion  (who  only  makes  up  on  perfon 
with  himfelf,  viz.  the  King's  Reprefentative)  ;  yet  at  the  kit  rideing,  the  trumpets 
of  his  Majeflies  guard  of  horfe  mofl  infolently  thruft  themfelves  in  betwixt  the 
Commiflioner  and  the  Crown,  which  certainly  was  an  unpardonable  offence ;  and 
whereof  his  prefent  Majeflies  Commiffioner  was  fo  fenfible  (upon  information  given 
him  of  the  abufe)  that  he  from  his  own  mouth,  in  the  return  to  the  palace,  commanded 
them  back  to  their  pofts,  at  the  head  of  guards.  This  would  now  be  adverted 
unto,  and  the  captain  of  the  guard  difcharged,  to  countenance  fuch  an  abule. 


G  g  Order 


226  CEREMONY   OBSERVED   IN    1685. 


Crder  of  the  Cavalcade  to  be  performed  at  the  opening  of  the 
enfuing  Parliament  by  all  the  Members,  in  conveying  his  Grace 
the  Duke  of  Queenlberry,  his  Majefty's  High  Commiffioner, 
from  the  Abbay  of  Ilolyrood-houfe,  to  the  Parliament-houfe, 
and  back  again  to  the  Palace,  the  twenty-third  of  Aprile, 
1685  years. 

ABOUT  the  fpace  of  half  an  hour,  or  thereby,  before  the  rydeing  begin,  my 
Lord  Chancellor,  Lord  Privy  Seal,  Lord  Iheafuerer  depute,  they  being  the  only 
noblemen  prefent  who  are  officers  of  ftate,  ride  up  in  their  robes;  the  Chancellor 
in  the  middle  with  his  mace  and  purfe  before  him;  and  in  their  return  to  the  Palace, 
they  are  to  ride  at  a  dillance  after  the  guard. 

Two  Trumpets  in  there  coats  bareheaded.  "1  ^^    „^^  ^^^ 

Two  Purfevants  in  there  coats  and  toot- mantles,  bareheaded./  ^^ 

The  Commiffioners  of  Burghs,  two  and  two. 

The  three  Officers  of  State  who  are  not  Noblemen  in  on  rank. 

The  Lords  or  Barons  of  Parliament,  two  and  two. 

The  Bifhops  two  and  two. 

The  Vilc'.unts  rwoand  two. 

The  two  Archbifhops. 

Four  Trumpets  in  their  coats  and  banners,  bareheaded,  two  nnd  two. 

Four  Purfevants  in  their  coats  and  foot-mantles,  bareheaded,  two  and  two. 

The  Lyon  King  of   Armes,  in  his  coat,    chain,    and    batton,   and  footmantle 
bareheaded. 

The  fword  of  ftate  born  by  the  Earl 
of  bareheaded,  the  fccpter 

bcrn  by  the  Earle  of 
bareheaded. 

1  he  crown  born  by  the  Marques  of  Douglas,  bareheaded. 

The  Earle  of  Drumlanrick  bearing  the  purfe,  w;ith  his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Qj.ieenf- 
bcrry's  Commiffion,  bareheaded. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Quecnfberry,  his  Majefties  High  Commiffioner,  attended 
with  his  fervants,  pages,  and  footmen  ;  and  in  the  return  to  the  Palace  having  the 
High  C'.onilable  on  his  right  hand,  and  the  Marifchal  on  his  left,  with  capes  of 
permiflion,  and  in  their  robes. 

The  Dukes  in  their  robes. 

TheMarquefles  in  their  robes. 

The  Captain  of  his.  Majefty's  Guard  on  the  head  of  the  troop  of  guairds,  &Co. 

ExtraHum  per  me,  A.  C. 

Sic 


Three  Macers  with 
rheir  maces  and 
footmantles  bare 
headed. 


Three  Macers  with 
their  maces  and 
footmantles  bare~ 
headed. 


STATUTES    OF    THE    THISTLE.  Z2- 


Sic  fubfcr'ibUur   Anna  R. 

Statutes  and  Orders  of  the  moft  ancient  and  mod  noble  Order  of 
the  Thiftle,  revived  by  her  Majelly  Anna,  by  the  Grace  of 
God,  Queen  of  Scotland,  England,  France,  and  Ireland,  De- 
fender of  the  Faith,  Soveraign  of  the  faid  moft  noble  Order, 
for  the  better  regulating  the  proceedings  and  folemnities  thereof 
in  all  the  circuniftances  thereunto  belonging. 

IN  the  firfl  place,  we  think  fir  to  continue  the  ancient  number  of  Knights,  viz. 
Twelve  brethren,  with  ourfelf  the  Soveraign  of  the  faid  inofl:  noble  Order,  be  the 
precife  number  of  that  order  in  all  time  comeing. 

That  the  Soveraigns  habit  be  fuch  as  they  fhall  think  fitt  to  appoint  at  any  time 
hereafter :  That  the   habit  of  the  brcithren  of  this  order  be  a  double  and  trunk 
hofe  of  cloath  of  filver  ftockings  of  pearled  coloured  filk,  with  white  leather  (hoes, 
garter  and  flioe-ilrings  of  green  and  filver,  the  breetches  and  fleves  of  the  doublet 
decently  garnifhed  with  filver  and  green  ribbands ;  a  furcoat  of  purple  velvet  lyned 
with  white  tafFata  girt  about  the  middle,  with  a  purple  fword  half-edged  with  gold, 
and  a  buckle  of  gold,  at  which  a  fword  with  a  gilded  hilt,  whereof  the  fiiells  to  be 
in  form  of  the  badge  of  the  order,  and  pommel  in  form  of  a  thiftle  in  a  fcalbard 
of  purple  velvet,  over  all   which  a  mantle  ot   robe,  of  green   velvet  lyned   with 
white  taffeta,  with  tofsles  of  gold  and  green,  upon  the  left  fiioulder  of  which,  in  a 
field  of  green,  St.  Andrew  the  ApoQle  his  image,   bearing  before  him  the  Crofs 
of  his  martyrdom  of  filver  imbroidery,  with  a  circle  of  gold  round  it,  upon  which 
the  motto  Nemo  me  impins  lacejfet^  in  green   letters,  and  at  the  lower  part  of  it  a 
Thiftle  of  gold  and  green,  the  flower  reddifh.     About  the  fliouldiers  is  to  be  worn 
the  Collar  of  the  Order,  confiding  of  Thiftles  and  Sprigs  of  Rew  going  betwixt,  at 
the  middle  of  which  before  is  to  hang  the  St.  Andrew,  of  gold,  enameled  white, 
or  of  diamonds,  confiding  of  the  number  of  thirteen  juft,  the  crofs  and  feet  of 
St.  Andrew  refting  upon  a  ground  of  green,  the  collar  to  be  tyed  to  the  flioulders 
of  the  robe  with  white  ribbands ;  upon  there  heads  on  days  of  folemn  proceflion, 
or  feafting,  where  the  Soveraign  is  prefent,  or  has  a  Commiflioner  for  that  efleiH-, 
they  are  to  wear,  at  the  time  of  permifllon,  a  cap  of  black  velvet  faced  up  with  a 
border  of  the  fame,  a  little  divided  before,  wide  and  loofe  in  the  crown,  having  a 
large  plume  of  white  feathers,  with  a  black  ecgritt  or  heron's  top  in  the  middle  of 
ic,  the  borders  of  the  cap  adorned  with  jewels.    . 

G  g  2  That 


223  STATUTES    OF    THE    ORDER 

That  the  Jewel  of  the  faid  Order  is  to  be  worn  at  a  green  ribband  over  the  left 
flioLilder,  crofs  the  body,  and  tye  it  under  the  right  arm.  The  jewel  to  have  on 
the  one  fide  the  image  ofSt.  Andrew,  with  the  Crofs  before,  enameled  as  abovefaid, 
or  cutt  on  ftone,  inriciied  with  precious  ftones  round  it,  on  the  back  of  which 
flial!  be  enameled  a  thillle  gold  and  green,  the  flower  reddilh,  with  the  before- 
mentioned  motto  round  it ;  the  ground  upon  which  the  thiftle  is  to  be  done,  fhall 
be  enameled  green. 

That  the  meddal  of  the  Order  be  all  of  gold,  being  the  St.  Andrew,  bearing 
before  him  the  Crofs  of  his  Martyrdom,  with  a  circle  round,  on  which  to  be  the 
raotro  of  the  Order,  and  at  the  lower  part  of  the  circle,  between  and  the  joyning 
of  the  words,  a  thiftle,  and  to  be  w:orn  in,  a  green  ribband  as  the  jewel,  at  times 
v^hen  the  jewel  is  not  worn. 

That  upon  the  left  breafl  of  the  coat  and  cloak  fhall  be  embroidered  a  badge  of 
a  proportionable  bignefs,  being  a  St.  Andrew's  Crofs  of  the  fiWer  embroidery,  with 
rays  going  out  betwixt  the  points  of  the  crofs,  on  the  middle  of  which  a  thiftle  of 
gold  and  green  upon  a  field  of  green,  and  round  the  thiftle  and  field  a  circle  of 
gold,  having  on  it  the  motto  of  the. Order  m  letters  of  green. 

That  her  Majefty's  royal  Succeflbrs,  Soveraigns  of  the  faid  moft  ancient  and 
nioft  noble  Order  of  the  Thiftle,  fliall,  in  all  time  coming,  wear  the  faid  Order  on 
the  ribband  of  ihe  Order  of  the  Garter,  or  otherways,  in  any  manner  of  way  that 
her  Majefly  fliall  think  fitt ;  and  fhali  wear  the  Collar  of  the  faid  order  on  the  day 
of  the  teaft  of  St.  Andrew,  being  the  30th  of  November,  yearly. 

That  the  Knights  brethren  of  the  faid  Order  ftiall  wear  their  Collars  on  all  Collar- 
dayes  wherever  the  Soveraign  is,  and  within  Scotland,  by  obligation,  upon  all  days- 
of  publick  folemnities,  whether  the  Soveraign  be  there  or  not. 

That  the  Collar-days  be  the  fame  ordinary  Collar-days  now  obferved  by  her  Ma- 
jcfty ;  that  the  Collars  with  the  St.  Andrew  belonging  to  it,  and  the  Meddal  of  the 
Order  given  by  her  Majefty  and  SuccefTors,  Soveraigns  of  the  faid  moft  noble 
Order,  to  the  Knights  of  the  Brethren  thereof,  at  their  admifllon,  be  returned  at  their 
death  to  the  Soveraign. 

The  Order  is  to  have  a  Great  Seal  in  the  cufl:ody  of  the  Chancellor  thereof,  having 
on  the  dexter-fide  the  St.  Andrcw's-Crofs,  and  on  the  finifter  the  armes  of  Great 
Brittain,  as  they  are  carried  by  us  in  Scotland,  incircled  with  the  Collar  of  the 
Order,  with  the  image  of  St.  Andrew  hanging  at  it,  with  the  motto  of  the  Order 
going  round  the  leal,  on  the  other  fide,  the  image  of  St.  Andrew  bearing  a  crofs 
before  him,  with  a  Glory  round  his  head,  written  round,  Alagnum  Jigilhim  Ajiti- 
quijfmi  et  Noi>itiJp,mi  ordinis  Cardui. 

That  there  be  a  Secretary  of  the  Order  to  tranfmitt  the  Soveraign's  Orders  to  the 
Knights  brethren,  and  that  he  attend  her  Royal  Perfon ;  for  tliac  eftedt,  he  (hall  have, 
on  days  of  folemnity,  a  mantle  of  green  fattin  lyned  with  white,  on  the  left  fhoulder 
of  which,  the  badge  of  St.  Andrew's  Crofs  ;  his  ordinary  badge  is  to  be  hung  in 
a  chain  of  gold,  being  a  Thiftle,  gold  and  green,  upon  two  peces  crofl'ed  faltir- 
ways,  with  the  motto  round  about  it,  and  an  Imperial  Crown  upon  the  tope;  the 
Lyon  ihall  have  robes  and  badges  upon  his  fhouldier,  conform  to  the  Secretary,  in 

3  his 


OF    THE    THISTLE,    1703,  229 

his  hand  his  flaff  of  office,  and  about  his  neck  his  badge,  with  the  St.  Andrew 
turned  utward.  •         . 

The  Uflier  conform  to  the  Secretary  in  all  things,  except  his  badge,  which  is  to 
be  two  fprigs  of  Ken,  in  form  of  a  St.  Andrew's  Crofs,  Vert  upon  a  fund  white, 
upon  which  a  Thiftle  of  gold,  and  round  the  motto  upon  which  an  Imperial 
Crown,  and  in  his  hand  the  batton  of  bis  office  :  before  any  can  be  admitted  to  the 
mofl  noble  Order  of  the  Thiftle,  he  muft  be  a  Knight  Batchelour. 

Here  follows  the  Form  of  the  Oath  to  be  taken  by  all  fuch  as 
fliall  be  admitted  into  this  Order  as  Brethren. 

I.I  fhall  fortify  and  defend  the  true  Reformed  Proteflant  Relicrion, 

and  Chrift's  Holy  Evangel,  to  the  utmoft  of  my  power. 

2.  I  fhall  be  loyal  and  true  to  my  Soveraij^n  Lady  the  Queen,  Soveraign  of  the 
moll  ancient  and  mofl  noble  Order  of  the  Thiftle. 

3.  I  fhall  maintain  the  Statutes,  Privileges,  and  Honours  of  the  faid  Order, 

4.  I  fhall  never  bear  any  treafon  about  in  my  heart  a:'ainft  our  Soveraign  Lady 
the  Queen,  but  fhall  difcover  the  fame  to  her.     So  help  me  God. 

The  Oath  being  taken  by  the  cleft  Knight,  before  any  whom  the  Soveraign  fhall 
appoint,  they  may  aftually  wear  the  badge  and  other  ornaments  belonging  to  the 
Order,  and  in  regard  we  have  not  as  yet  named  a  perfon  to  be  Chancellour  of  the 
faid  Order ;  and  that  there  is  no  Great  Seal  belonging  thereto ;  we  doe  therefore 
ordain,  that  our  fignet  of  the  laid  Order,  which  is  to  be  in  the  cuftody  of  our 
Secretary  to  the  laid  Order,  fhall  ferve  for  any  warrand  or  order  that  we  (hall  think 
fitt  to  grant  or  committ  for  the  nominating  of  any  of  the  Knights  Breithren  or 
Officers,  or  any  other  thing  relating  to  the  faid  Order. 

The  Roj'al  Chappel  of  our  Palace  of  Holyropd-houfe  to  be  the  Chappel  of  the 
Order  in  time  comeing. 

That  no  alteration  of  the  habit,  jewels,  collar,  badge,  or  other  ordinances  be- 
longing to  the  faid. Order,  or  of  the  ufeing  or  wearmg  of  them,  be  offered  to  her 
Majefty  by  any  of  the  Brethren  without  a  concurrence  of  the  major  part  of  them. 
Given  under  our  Royal  Hand,  and  figned  at  St.  James's,  the  31ft  of  December;,. 
1703  years,  and  of  our  rcigne  the  fecond  year.     Sic  fubfcribitur ,  An.  R. 

By  her  Majefties  commandt     Sic  fubfcrikiim-f  Ckomaktie, 


The 


530  FEES    FOR    ORDER    OF   THE    THISTLE. 

The  Fees  appointed  by  her  Sacred  Majefty  Queen  Ann,  Soveraign 
of  the  moft  ancient  and  moft  noble  Order  of  the  Thiftle,  to  be 
paid  by  thofe  who  fliall  be  admitted  as  Knights  Brethren  of  the 
faid  Order,  in  their  admiffioa  thereto. 


irling 

;  Money. 

55 

1 1 

»i 

8 

6 

7t 

a 

1 1 

i| 

a 

6 

7t 

'  s 

II 

It 

^7 

15 

f>r 

To  the  Secretary  of  the  Order  '     '  ■  • > 

To  the  Commiffioners  Servants  — —  

To  the  Church-fees,  viz.  ringers  of  bells  -■ ■ 

■      To  the  Uflier  of  the  Order  

To  the  Queen's  Ulhers  — — —  ■   ■ 

To  the  Lyons  Officcj  Heralds,  &c.  — —  ■< 

m  2  2 
We  do  hereby  order  and  require  all  who  are  or  (hall  be  admitted  as  Knights 
Brethren  of  the  moft  ancient  and  moft  noble  Order  of  the  Thiftle,  to  pay  the  fees 
according  to  a  diftribution  upon  their  being  admitted  to  the  faid  Order.  Given 
our  royal  Hand,  and  figned  of  the  faid  Order  at  our  Court  at  St.  James's,  the  t9th 
of  Oftober,  1705,  and  of  our  reign  the  4th  year. 

This  is  a  true  copy  of  the  Statutes  and  Orders  figned  by  her  Majefty. 
Examined  and  compared  with  the  original. 

Byrne,  Sic  J'iil>fcril>itur,  David  Nairne,  Sec.  Nob.  Ord.  Cardui. 

A  Note  of  the  feveral  Fees  payable  to  Garter,  and  the  two 
Provincial  King  of  Amies,  the  lix  Heraulds,  and  four 
Purfevants  at  Armes,  upon  the  Knighthood,  Eledlion,  and 
Inftallation  of  every  Knight  of  the  Garter,  of  the  feveral 
Degrees  following,  viz. 

Sterling. 

Upon  the  inftallation  of  a  ftranger  King  to  the  Garter,  for  his"!         ^^     ^^ 
attendance  only  j^ 

To  the  two  provincial  kings,  fix  heraulds,  and  four  purfevants         30     00     00 

Four  kings  has  a  double  ftiare  to  each  herauld,  and  each 
herauld  a  double  fhare  to  each  purfevant;  fo  that  a  king's  fhare 
comes  to  5I.  each  herauld  50s.  and  each  purfevant  25s. 

Upon  the  inftalaient  of  a  ftranger  prince  to  the  Garter,  for  his") 

attendance  only  '■  J 

To 


40 

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00 

6o 

00 

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40 

00 

00 

20 

00 

00 

SS 

00 

00 

35 

00 

00 

20 

00 

00 

FEES    FOR   ORDER    OF    THE    G  /  R  T  E  F.         31 

To  the  two  kings,  fix  heraulds,  four  purfevants,  as  above        —     20     00     00 
Upon  inftalment  of  prince  of  Wales  to  the  Garter,  for  feei  of  1 

attendance J ' 

More  to  him  for  his  Royal  Highnefs's  upper  garment         

To  the  feveral  officers  of  Armes  as  above         

More  to  them  due  of  fcarffs,.  hats  and  feathers,  at  lol.  each     —   1 
Upon  the  inftalment  of  a  Duke,  the  foveraign's  fubjeft,  and  for") 

his  upper  garment  .  —       J 

To  ditto  f  >r  inftalation  fee         — 

To  the  officers  of  armes  —         —  — 

Whereof  to  each  of  the  provincial  kings  3I.  6s.  8d.  to  each  fix 
herauids  il     13s.  4d.  and  to  each  purfevant  16s.  8d.  in  all  20I. 

To  each  of  them  in  due  of  fcarfs,  hats,  and  feathers         02     13     04 

To  each  of  the  three  kings  for  proclaiming  the  inrtalment  14s.  3d. 
to  each  of  the  heraulds  for  ditto  7s.  i^d.  to  each  of  the  four  purfe- 
vants for  ditto  3s.  6  4d-  in   ail         —    05     00     00 

To  each  of  the  two  kings  for  the  knighthood  fee  1  9s.  4d.  to  each"1 
of  the  fix  heraulds  for  ditto  9?.  tid.  to  each  of  the  four  purfevants  >o8     10     00 

for  ditto  5s.  lod.  to  garter  2I.  los.  in  all  •         J 

Upon  the  Inftalment  of  a  Marques. 
To  the  garter  for  his  upper  garment  ■  — —   50     00     00 

To  ditto  for  his  attendance  fee  30     00     og 

To  the  officers  of  armes  which  is  divided  in  propers  before     —      iS     00     00 
Nota,  the  hat  and  feather  money  fees  for  proclaiming  fiile   and 
knighthood,  are  the  fame  for  all  degrees  as  for  a  Duke,  and  are  divided 
as  above. 

Upon  the  Tnftalment  of  an  Earle, 

To  tlie  garter  for  his  upper  garment  ■ 

To  ditto  for  his  inftalation  fee  '■ — ■■  • 

To  the  other  officers  ot  armes  ■ — 

Upon  the  Inflalment  of  a  Vifcount. 

To  the  garter  for  his  upper  garment  ■ 

To  ditto  for  kis  inftaLtion  fee — 

To  the  other  officers  cf  armes  

Upon  the  Inflalment  of  a  Baron* 

To  garter  for  his  upper  garment  — — . 

To  ditto  for  his  inftalation  fee  — — . 

To  the  other  officers  of  armes         —         ■  ■   ■  ■         ■■  — 

Upon  the  Infialment  of  a  Knight  Barchelar. 

T'l  garter  for  his  upper  garment  —  • 

T  ■  ditto  for  his  inltalation  fee         —         »—  —  ~ 

To  the  officers  of  arnaes.  •^— •  ■'  ■  ■  ■ 


45 

00 

CO 

25 

00 

00 

16 

00 

00 

40 

00 

00 

so 

00 

00 

14 

00 

00 

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00 

OS 

15 

00 

00 

12 

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CO 

30 

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10 

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00 

GO 

Coppie: 


»3Ji  SUSPENSION    OF    LYON, 


Coppie  Suf[)enfion  Sir  Charles  Arefkine,    Lyon  King  of  Armcs, 
and   his   brethren,   Heraulds    and    Purlevants. 

againft 
The  Provoft  and   BailUes  of    Edinburgh. 

CHAULE  S,  by  the  Grace  of  God, 'King  of  Great  Britain,  &c.  For  as  meikle 
as  it  is  humb'ly  meand  and   fhevvn  to  us   by  our  Lovites  Sir  Charles  Arefkine  of 
Cambo  and  barronet,  Lord  Lyon  king  of  Armes,  and  his  brethren  heraulds  and  pur- 
fevants,  and  their  clerk  of  court,  that  were  dayly  troubled,  molefted,  and  purfued, 
at  the  inftance  of  our  Provofi:  and  Baiilies  of  our  burgh  of  Edinburgh,  and  their 
colledlors,  for  payment  makeing  to  them  of  certain   taxations,  impoiitions,  flents, 
anuitys,  vvatchings,  wardings,  and  other  burdens,  conform  to  their  decreets,  flent, 
rolls,  and  other  ads  and  orders  given  and  pronovinced  by  them  within  a   certain 
Ihorc  fpace  next  after  the  charge,  under  the  pain  of  Rebellion,  poynding,   ward- 
ing, and  puteing  of  the  faids  Cbmptrolers  to  the  horn  mofl:  wrongouQy  ;  confider- 
ing  it  is  of  verity  that  the  faids  Comptrolers  are  mod  unjuflly  troubled,  ftented, 
and  taxed  by  the  laid  Provofi  and  Baiilies  of  Edinburgh,  and  charged  by  their  laid 
colieflors  for  the  famen,  in  refpedt  it  is  of  verity  that  our  deceaft  and  late  father  of 
ever  blelled  memory,  by  his  letters  of  gift  and  exemption  of  the  date,  27  day  of 
June,   1634,  has  exeemed,  and  exeems,  the  Lyon  King  of  armes,  his  brethren, 
and  purfevants,  and  their  clerk  of  court,  and  their  fuccefTors,  from  all  taxations,  impo- 
fitions,  watchings,  wardings,  and  other  burdens  whatfomever,  difcharging  thereby  all 
and  whatfomever  our  leidges,  that  they,  nor  none  of  them,  tax,  ward,  impofe,  upon 
them  any  taxations,  flents,  impofitions,  vvatchings,  wardings,  in  any  time  thereafter, 
asthefaid  letters  of  gift  and  difcharge,  extra£led  furth  of  our  regifter  of  our  privy 
feal,  under  the  fubfcription  of  Andrew  Martine,  depute  clerk  to  our   clerk,  of 
Regifler,  (hown  to  the  Lords  of  our  Council  and  Seffion,  has  teflified,  like  as  by 
Seal,  Afts  of  Parliament,  and  efpecially  by  one  A£t  of  Parliament  by  our  late  good 
Sir  James  the  Sixth,  of  ever  blefled  memory,  Parliament  15,  December  19,  and 
year    1597  years,  Afl  279,  our   faid   good  Sir,  and   three  eftates  of  Parliament 
Statute,  and  ordained,  that  thr  inhabitants  within  burghs  fhould  be  burdened  with 
the  reft  of  the  inhabitants.     Providing  always,  that  the  aforefaid  AA  be  no  ways 
extended  to  fuch   as  are  execufed   for  our  fervice,  nor  to  any  perfons  that  are 
riiembcrs  of  our  Colledge  of  Jufti'ce,  as  the  faid  A&.  extrafted  under  the  hacd  of 
Sir.Archibald  Primrofe,  our  Clerk  Regifler,  (hewn  to  our  faids  Lords  at  length  bears, 
and  fo  in  refped  of  the  forefaid  gift  and  exemption  the  faids  Comptrollers  ought 
to  have  lufpenfion  without  caution  or  confignation,  and  therefore  the  faids  Lords 

decreets 


SUSPENSION    OF    LYON.  233" 

decreets,  afls,  charges,  and  others  forefaids,  ought  and  fliould  be  fufpendedj  unon 
the  claulVs  forefaids  as  is  alledged. 

Our  will  is  herekore,  and  we  charge  you,  that  ye  liwfully  fummon,  warn, 
and  charge  the  faid  provolt  and  baillies  of  our  burgh  ot  Edinburgh,  and  their  col- 
Icdors,  to  compear  before  the  Lords  of  our  Councell  and  Scffion  at  Edinburgh,  or 
where  it  fhall  happen  them  to  be  tor  the  tine,  the  tenth  day  of  November  next  to 
come,  in  the  hour  of  caufe,  with  continuation  of  days,  bringing  with  them  the  faids 
decreets,  ftent-rolls,  and  other  ads  and  orders,  and  letters  raifed  thereupon,  to  be 
feen  and  confiJered  by  our  faids  Lords,  and  to  hear  ani  fee  the  iamen  fiiriphclcer  fuf- 
pended"upon  the  faids  complainers,  fur  the  reafons  and  caufes  forelaids,  and  others. 
Attour  Wee,  and  the  faids  Lords  in  our  name,  and  by  the  tenor  hereof,  fulpends 
the  faid  decreets,  (tent-rolls,  and  all  other  afts,  orders,  poynding  letters  raifed, 
or  to  be  raifed  thereupon,  againlt  the  faids  complainers  and  difchargers,  all  our 
nuflengers  of  armes,  and  other  officers,  of  ufeing  or  puteing  the  famcn  to  any  furder 
execution,  and  of  their  office  in  that  part,  in  the  inean  time,  while  the  fifteen  day 
of  the  famen  month,  and  that  without  caution,  becaufe  of  the  gift  produced,  and 
a-S  of  pirliament  above  written,  according  to  julbce,  as  ye  will  anfwer  to  us  there- 
upon ;  the  which  to  do  wee  commit  to  you  conjundtly  and  feverally  our  full  power 
hy  thir  letters,  delivering  them  by  yow  duly  execute  and  indorfed  again  to  the 
bearer.  Giverl  under  our  fig:iet  at  Edinburgh,  the  twenty-fourth  day  of  Odlober, 
and  of  our  rcigne,  this  fifteen  year  i66j. 

Ex  dcliberaticnc  Domincnim  CLnfillii  fic  fubfcr.  William  RufTell,  fignet  the  27th 
Odober,  1663. 

Examined  the  fe«ond  day  of  Nov'er  1694  years. 

An  exad  List  of  the  Lyon  Office,  as  follows ;  viz. 

Sir  Alexander  Arckine  Lord  Lyon  -,  George  Porteous  Marchmont  Herauld  | 
William  Gowan  Ua  Herauld  ;  William  Glover  Rothfay  Herauld  :  Henrv  Frazer 
Rofs  Herauld ;  James  Barr  Albany  Herauld  ;  Peter  King  Sua  Down  Herauld  ; 
James  Spence  Ormond  Purfevant ;  John  Hog  Bute  Purfcvanc ;  Peter  Wilfon 
Carick  Purfevant;  Jaines  Guthrie  Dingwall  Purfevant;  William  Hume  Unicorn 
Purfevant ;  and  Alexander  Barbour  Kincyre  Purfevant  i  and  Pvob.-rt  Smith,  their 
Clerk  of  Court,  Sec. 

Sic/ubfcr.  Ketfon,  I\leflenger. 


H  b  Instrit- 


234  INSTRUMENT    UPON    THE      LQDGEMENT 

Instrument  upon  the  Lodgment  of  the  Regalia  '••  ; 
viz.   Cp.own,  Scepter,  and  Sword, 
Within  the  Caftle  of    E  D  I  N  BURG  11. 

At  the  Cuille  of  Edinburgh,  and  within  the  Ciown  rowme  thcie,  bctiiixt  the 
hours  of  one  and  two  afternoon,  of  the  twenty-fixth  day  of  March,  in 
the  Mv^ii  ^'id  ftventh  year  of  our  Lord,  and  fixth  year  of  the  reign  of 
her  MajcftiC,  Anne,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  Queen  of  Scotland,  England, 
France,  and  Ireland,  Defender  of  the  Faiths 

THE  9:th  day,  in  prefence  of  Us  Nottarys  Publick,  and  Witneffes  under  fub-. 
fcribing,  coinpeared  perfonally  William  Wilfone,  one  of  the  under  Clerks  of  Seffione,, 
depute    Marifhall,    for  himfclf,  as    procurator  for    and    in    name    and    behalf   of 
William    Earl  Marilhall,  Lord   Keith    and    Altrie,    &c.  Great   MariHiall  of    the 
kingdom  of  Scotland,  heretable  keeper  of  the  Regalia  thereof,  viz.  Crown,  Scepter, 
and°Svvord  ;  and  there,  in  prefence  of  David  Earle  of  Glafgow,  Lord  Boyle,  Sec. 
Lord  I'healurer  depute,  who,  for  himfclf,   and  in  name  of  the  remanent  Lords 
Commiflioners  of  Theafury,  was  prefent  to  receave  the  above  Regalia  ;  The  faid 
"VVilliam  Willfone,  after  producing  and  reading  a  procuratory  granted  by  the  faid 
noble  Earle  to  him  of  the  contents  therein  and  after  mentioned,  dated  and  regiftrai 
in  the  books  of  Council  and  Seffione,  upon  the  twenty-fifth  day  of  March  inftant, 
did  alfo  produce  to  the  faid  Lord  Theafurer  depute,  a  fchedule  figned  by  him  and 
U3  Nottars    Publick  under    fubfcribing,   containing   one   inventory  and  particular 
defcriptione  of  the  fakl  Regalia,  as  folows  :  The  Imperiall  Crown  of  Scotland  is 
of  pure  Gold,  enriched  with  many  precious  ftones,  diamonds,  pearles,  and  curious 
enameliings  ;  its  parts  and  fpecific  form   are  thefe  ;  (imo,)  !t   is   compofed  of  one 
large  broad  circle,  or  fillet,   which  goes  round  the  head,  adorned  with  twenty- two 
large  precious   ftones ;  viz.    topaccs,    amethyfts,    garnets,  rubies,   emeraulls  ;  and 
hyacinths,  in  collets  of  gold  of  various  forms,   and  with  curious  enamelings,  and 
betwixt  each  of  thefe  collets  and  ftones  are  interpofed  great  orientall  pearls,  one  of 
which  is  wanting,  (ido,)  Above  the  great  circle  there  is  another  fmall  one,  formed 
with  twenty  points,  adorned  with   the  like  number  of  diamonds  and  fapphires  al- 
terir.t,  and  the  points  are  loped  with  as  many    great    pearles,   after   which   forme 
are  the  coronets  of  our  Lords  Barrens.  (3tio,)  The  upper  circle  is  relevate,    or 
licichtned  with    ten  crofles  floree,  each  being  adorned  in  the  entery  with  a  great 

"*  The  Earl  of  Biichan  prefented  to  the  Society  ef  Antiquaries  of  London  the  original,   figned  ly 
the  Notaries  and  WitnefTes,  and  curioiilly  illuminated. 

Jt  is  incorreftly  printed  in  Maitland's  Hiilory  of  Edinhiirgh,  p.  i6i — 164. 

A  good  Painting   of  the   Regiiiia  is  preferved  in  the  Meeting  l\oom  of  the  Corporation  of  the 
Scotifli  Hofpital  in  Crane  Court.        El>it. 

4  diamond 


OF   THE    llEGALlA    IN   kDiNBtJUGH,  235 

diamond  betwixt  four  great  pcails  placed  in  the  crofs  X,  1  and  I ;  but  fome  of  the 

p?arks  are  wanting,  and  the  nuir.btr   extant  upon   the  upper   part  croun,  befides 

what  are  in  the  under  circle,  arid  in  the  crofb  pau-e,  are  fitiy'-one,  and  tliele  crofies 

florce  are  interchanged  with  other    ten   high    flowers-delys,  all   allrernativc,  with 

the  forefaid  great  pearles  beldw,  \Vhich  top  the  points  of  the  I'ccond   fmall   circle. 

Nota,  This  is  faid  to  be  the  antieric  form  of  the  crown  of  Scotland,  fince  the  league 

made  betwixt  Achatus  King  of  Scots  and  Charles   theGrcat  of  France,  the  fpecifick 

form  of  our  crown   differing  fruni  ochcr  crowns,  in   that  it  is  hightened  or  railed 

with  crofTes  floree  alternatly  with  flowers-de-lys  j  the  crown  of  France  is  hightned 

only  with  flowers-de-lys,  and  that  of  England  with  crofTes  pa'ee  alternatively  with 

flowers-de-lys.   Our  Crown  of  Scotland,  fince  King  James  the  Sixth  went  to  England, 

has  been  ignorantly  reprefented  by  Iieraiild  painters,  ingravers,  and  others,  tradelrnen, 

after  the  forms  of  the  Croun  of  England,   with  crolFes   patee,  whi-rcas   here  is  not 

'  one  but  that  which  topes  the  rtiond  j  but  all  crofles  floree,  fuch   as   we  fee  in  of.r 

old  coines,  and  thefe  which  tdpe  our  old  churches.  Thcfe  cro-vns  were  not  antiently 

arched  or  clofs.    Charles  the  Eight  of  France  is   faid   to  be  the  iirft  in  France  who 

took  a  clofs  crdvrn,  as  appears  by  his  rriedalls  coined  in  the  year  1495,  being  de- 

fif^ned  Iinperator  Oiienlis.    Edward  the  Fifth  of  England,  in  the  year  1483,  carried 

a  clofs  Croun,  as  is  obferved  by  Selden ;  and  our  crown  is  arclied  thus:  (410,)  Frciti 

the  upper  circle  proceed  four  arches,  adorned  with  enameled  figures,   which  meet 

and  clofe  at  the  to^.e,  furmounted  with  a  moiid  of  gold,  or  celelbal  glolc,  enamtled 

blue  femee,  or  powdered  with  ftarrs,  crdffed  and  enameled    with  one  large   crofs 

patee,  adorned  in  the  extremities  with  a  great  pearle;  fuch  a  crofs  tojies  the  Church 

of  Hool>Tood-houfe  j  and  cantoned  with  other  four  in  the  angles,  in  the  center  of 

the  crofs-patee,  is  a  tquare  amethift ^  which  poynts  the  fore  part  of  the  crown  ;  and 

behynd,  or  on  the  other  fyde  is  a  great  pearle  ;  and  beldw   it,  on  the  foot  of  the 

palar  part  of  ihe  Crofs  are  thefe  Chara-fters  ;  1;  K.  5.  by  which  it  appears  that  King 

James  the  Fifth  was  the  firfl  that  clofed  the  crown  with  arches,  and  toped  it  with  a 

mond  and  crofs  patee  ;  but  it  is  evident,  (i  mo,)  That  the  money  and  medalh  coinzed 

in  the  reign  ol  King  James  the  Third  and  Fourth,  have  a  clofs  crown,  and  it  is  no 

lefs  clear  that  the  arches  of  the  Crown  were  not  put  there  from  the  beginning,  or 

at  the  making  of  the  Croun,  becaufe  (imo,)  they  are  tacked  by  tacks  of  gold  to 

the  antient  Crown,    (zdo,)    The  workmanQiip  of  the  arches   is  not  fo  good,  and 

there  is  a  fmall  diftindtione  in  the  fincnefs  betwixt  the  firlf  and  the  la*^  ;  the  later 

being  fuperfine   gold,  and  the  other  not  fo  exaflly  to  that  flandard,  whereof  tryall 

has  been  made.  (5to,)The  tyare  or  bonnet  of  the  crown  was  of  purple  velb-ert;  but 

in  the  year  1685,  it  got  ane  cape  of  crimpfone  vellvett,  adorned  as  before,  wuh 

tour  plates  of  gold,  richly  wrought  and  enameled  ;  and  on  each  of  them  are  great 

pearles    half  inch  in  diameter,  which  appears  between   the    four  arches;  and  the 

bonnett  is  turned  up  with  ermine  upon  the  loweft  circle  of  the  crown  -,  immediately 

above  the  ermine  there  are  eight  fmall   holes  dUpofcd  two  and  two    together,  on 

the  four  quarters  of  the  crown,  in  the  middle  fpace  beiwixt   the  arches,  to  which 

they  have  laced  or  tved  diamonds,  or  precious  ftones.    The  crov\n   is  nine  inches 

broad  in  diameter,  being  twcnty-feven  inches  about,  and  in  bight  from  the  under 

H  h  2  circle 


236  INSTRUMENT   UPON    THE    LODGEMENT 

circle  to  t!ic  tope  of  the  crofs  patee  fix  inch' s  and  nne  h;ilf  ;  it  allways  ftdnds  on- 
aae  fquTL-  lU.liione  of  crimlone  vcllvett,  adorned  with  freinges,  and  four  tallells. 
of  gold  thread  hanging-cfeuii  at  each  corner. 

Th.-  ScEPThR.      Ihc  lia'k    OP   ikni  of  the  Scepter  being  fillver  double  overgilt, 
is  two  feet  in  length,  of  hexagone  forme,  with   three  buttons  or   knots  anlwcring 
th  reco  ;.  t)etwixi  ttie   firlt  buuon  anti  the  fecond  is  the  handle,  of  hexagon  forme,, 
furling  in  the  midle,  and  plain  betwixt  the  fecond  and  the  third  button.     'J'i  ere  are 
three  fydes  in^ravcn;  that  under  the  Virgin  Mary  (one  of  the  itatues  that  are  on  the 
tope  of  the  ftaikj  is  the  letter  I  ;  upon  the  fecond  iyde  under  St.  Janies,  the  letter 
11;  and    on  the  third  under  St.  Andrew,  the  figure  5.     The  fyde  betwixt  !.  and  H. 
is  ingraven  with  fourteen  flowers- de-lys,  and  on  the  fyde,  betwixt  the  /igure  5,  and 
the  letter  I.  are  ten  thiftles  continued  from  one  ftem  ;  from  the  third  button  to  the 
capicall,  the  three  fydes  under  the  Oatues  are  plain,  on  theother  tiiree  are  aiticjue 
ingravings,  viz.  facramenral  cups,  antique  Medufa's  heads,  and  ruUione  follyadyes; 
upon  the  tope  of  the  ftalk  is  an  antique  capitall  of  leaves  imboilcd,  upon  the  abacus 
whereof  arifes  round  the   prolonged  ftcm,  forroundcd  with  three  ftatues,  firif  that 
of  the  Blefled  Virgine  crowned  with  ane  open    crown,  holding   in   her  right  arme 
our  Elcflcd  Saviour,  and  in  her  left  hand  a   mond  enfigned  with  a   crofs;  next  to 
her  ftands  on  her  right  hand  the  ftatue  of  St.   Andrew   in  ane  apoftolicall  garment, 
and  on  his  head  a  bonnet  like  a  Scots  bonnet,  holding  in  his  right  hand  a  Crofs  or 
fa'tyre,  a  part  whereof  is  broke  off,  and   in  his  left  elevate  a  book    open;  on   the 
Elefled  Virgin's  left  hand,  St.  Andrew's  right  hand,  Ifands  another  ftatue,  fecming, 
to  reprefeiu  St.  James,  wi;h  the  like  apoftjlica!  garment,   and  ane  hanging   neck 
fuper  added   thereto,  and  upon   his  head  ane  litle  hat,  li'ke  to  the  Roman  pilium, 
in  his  right  hand  half  elevate  a  book  open,  and  in  his  left  a  paftoral  flaff,  the  head 
is  broke  oiF.  And  above  each  ilatue,  being  two  inches  and  a  half,  except  theViigine,. 
which  is  a  little  lefs,  the  finifhing  of  a  Gothick    niche  ;  betwixt   each    Itatue  arifes 
a  rullione,  in  forme  of  ane  Dolphine,  verry  diflind,  in  length  four  inches   foliadge 
along  the  body,  their  heads   upwards,  and   effronted  inward,  and   the   turning  of 
their  taiils  end  in  a  rofe  or  cinquefoill  ;  outward   above   thefe  ruUions  and   flatuea- 
ilands  another  hexagon  button,  or  knott,  with  oak  leaves  under  every  corner,   and 
above  it  a  criftall  globe  of  two  inches  and  a  quarter  diameter  within   three  barr$. 
jointed  above,   where  it  is  furrniounted  with  fix  rullions,  and   here  again  with  ane 
ovall  globe,  toped  with  ane  oriental!  pearle  ane  half  inch  diameter.     The   whole 
Scepter  in  length  is  thirty-four  inches. 

The  Sword.  The  Sword  is  in  length  five  foot;  the  handle  and  pommell  arc 
fjlver  overgilt,  in  length  fifteen  inches  ;  the  pommell  is  round,  and  fomevvhat  flatt 
on  the  two  fides ;  on  the  middle  of  each  there  is  of  cmbofled  work  a  garland,  and 
in  the  center  there  have  been  two  enambled  platrs,  which  are  broke  otf ;  the  traverfe 
or  crofs  of  the  fword,  being  of  filver  overgilt,  is  in  length  fevcnteen  inches  and 
ane  half;  its  form  is  like  two  Dollphines,  their  heads  joining,  and  their  taiils  end 
into  acornes  ;  the  Ihell  is  hanging  down  towards  the  point  of  the  fword,  formed 
lik*;  an  elcallope,  fiourifned,  or  rather  like  ane  great  oak  ieaff ;  on  the  blade  of  the 
fword  are  indented  with  gold  thefe  letters,  Julius  II.  P.  The  Icabbard  is  of  crimfone 

vellvctt. 


OF    THE   P.EGALIA    AT   EDINBURGH.  237 

vellvett,  covered  with  filver  guildtrd,  and  wrought  in  phibgrin  work  into  brancht>a 
of  the  oak  tree  leaves  and  accornes.  On  the  icabbard  are  placed  four  round  plates 
of  filver  ovcrfj,ilt,  two  of  them  near  to  the  crampc:  are  enameled  blue,  and  therein 
golden  charadicrs,  "  Jiilitis  II.  pon.  max.  n.'.  At  the  mouth  of  the  fcahbard,  op])ofiie 
10  the  heck  is  ane  large  fquair  plate  of  filver,  eiiai\ieled  purple,  in  a  c.irtcuch  azure, 
ane  oak  tree  eradicated  a,iid  frudtuated  Or,  and  above  the  cart-ouch  the  papal  enfign;- 
viz.  two  keyes  in  laltyre  adofc,  their  bowels  formed  like  rofes,  or  ciiujuefoills,  tyed 
with  trapinci  and  tailcls  hanging  doiin  at  each  fyde  of  the  cartouch  ;  above  the 
keys  is  the  papall  tvare  environed  with  three  crowns,  with  two  labells  turned  up, 
adorned  with  croires.  Pope  Julius  the  Second,  who  gifted  the  fword  to  King  James 
the  Kourth,  had  for  his  armoriall  figures  ane  oak  tree  fruftuated,  which  is  the  reafona 
the  fword  is  adorned  with  fuch  figures,  a  Hill  and  a  Star,  which  figures  1  find  not 
on  anv  part  of  the  fword;  if  they  have  beei>  on  the  two  enambled  plates,  which 
are  loll  off  from  the  pommell,  1  know  not  ;  but  it  is  certain,  this  Pope  had  fuch 
figures,  as  appears  by  thefe  verfes,  made  by  Voltuline,  a  famous  Italian  Poet,  as 
the  fame  are  mentioned  by  Hermanus  Hermes,  a  German  writer,  who  gives  us  thefe 
lines  found  in  the  iiionaftry  :. 

^terctis,  Mons,  Stella,  formant  tiia  Sic?nmata,  Frlnceps, 

Hifque  tribiis  trinuni  flat  Diadema  tiaan. 
Tutor  Navis  Petri  mediis  noii  fle£Iitur  undis. 

Mom  tegit  a  vent  is,  JitiLique  moiijlrat  iter. 

And  thereafter,  upon  delivery  of  the  above  Regalia  to  the  faid  Lord  Theafurer 
depute,  and  upon  lodging  thereof  with  the  forefaid  defcriptione  of  the  fame,  in  ane 
orderly  manner,  in  one  chiil:  within  the  faid  crown-room,  the  faid  William  Wilfone- 
as  procurator  for,  and  in  name  and  behalf  of  the  faid  William  Earle  of  Marifhall,  and 
in  the  termes  of  the  faid  procuratorie,  protefted,  that  the  delivering  up  of  the  Re- 
galia aforefaid  fhall  not  invalidate  or  be  prejudiciall  to  the  faid  Earle  Marifliall  his 
heretable  right  of  keeping  thereof,  both  in  tyme  of  parliament  and  intervalls, 
either  in  the  faid  Earle  his  cattle  of  Dunnottar  as  hitherto  his  ancelfors  have  d  ine, 
or  any  where  els  v;ithin  the  kingdome  of  Scotland  that  his  lordfliip  and  his  fuc- 
ceflbrs  fliall  think  fecure  and  convenienr ;  as  alio  in  the  termes  of  adl  ratifying 
the  Unione  between  the  kingdome  of  Scotland  and  the  kingdome  of  England, 
whereby  it  is  ftipulated  and  agreed  by  both  Parliaments,  That  the  Crown,  Scepter, 
and  S.vord  of  State,  ihall  be  continued  to  be  kept,  as  they  ai-e  at  prefent,  withia 
this  kingdome  of  Scotland,  and  that  they  fliall  remain  lb  in  all  tyme  comeing,  not- 
withllanding  of  the  Unione  ;  protefted  that  they  fliall  remain  within  the  la'd  crown- 
roume  of  the  Cafl;le  ot  Edinburgh  ;  and  in  caice  the  Government  fhall  find  the 
tranfportation  therof  from  Edinburgh-caflle  to  any  other  kture  place  within  this 
kingdome  at  any  tyme  hereafter  necelTarie,  protefted  alio  that  the  fame  may  not  be 
done  untill  intimatione  to  the  faid  Earle  Marilhall  and  his  lucceffors,  to  the  efftdt 
his  lordfhip  and  they  may  attend  and  fee  them  la+cly  tranfported  and  fecurely 
lodged;  and  made  due  and  lawful  intimatione  of  the  premilies  to  Collonsll  James 
Stewart,  deputy-governor  of  the  faid  Caftle  then  prefent;  that  he  might  not  pre- 

ter.a 


£,8    INSTRUMENT  UPON  THE  LODGEMENT 


J 


tend  ignorance  ;  as  alfo  as  procurator  forefaid,  and  likeways  for  himrelf  as  contirfueu 
keeper  of  the  faid  Regalia  by  deputatione  from  the  faid  Earle  Marifhall,  and  the 
deceaft  George  Earle  Marfhall  his  father,  fince  the  third  day  of  Auguft,  1681 
years,  and  in  the  reign  of  King  Charles  the  Second,  King  Janus  the  Seventh,  King 
William  and  Queen  Mary,  and  of  her  prefent  Majeily  Queen  Ann,  declared,  that 
the  fame  are  now  delivered  to  the  faid  David  Earle  of  Glafgow,  Lord  Thelaurer 
depute,  for  himfelf  and  in  name  forfaid,  in  the  fame  ftate  and  condition  he  then 
received  the  fame  ;  and  offered  to  give  his  oath,  that  he  the  faid  William  Wjlfone, 
nor  none  to  his  knowledge,  has  ever  diredtly  or  indire(^ly  embafled  or  taken  away 
from  the  faid  Regalia  any  of  the  jewels,  pearls,  or  others  appertaining  thereto: 
and  therefore,  feeing  he  had  with  exaft  care  and  continued  fidelity  and  honefty 
dilcharged  the  faid  truft  repofed  in  him,  did  proteft  to  be  liberate  and  exonerate 
for  his  adminiftrationc  in  the  faid  office,  during  the  faid  hail!  bygone  fpace  ;  without 
prejudice  to  the  faid  Earle  Marilhall  of  keeping  the  famen  in  all  tymc  coming  as 
formerly  by  himfelf,  and  the  faid  William  Wihone  as  his  depute,  or  any  other 
whom  his  lordfhip  fh«ll  appoint.  And  upon  all  and  fundry  the  premiifes,  the  faid 
William  Wilfone  for  himfelf  and  as  procurator  for,  and  in  name  and  behalf  of  the 
faid  William  Earle  Marifhall,  afked  and  took  inftruments  aneor  mae  in  the  hands  of 
us  Nottars  I'ublick  under  fubfcribing.  Thir  things  were  done,  place  and  time  as 
mentioned,  before  and  in  prefence  of  Mr.  David  Leflie,  Ion  to  the  Earl  of  Leaven, 
governor  of  the  Caftle  of  Edinburgh  ;  Sir  James  M'c  Kenzie,  Knight  and  Baronctj 
clerk  of  the  Thefaury  ;  George  Allardice  of  that  Ilk  ;  captain  John  Cocklurne, 
fon  to  the  deceaft  Mr.  John  Cockburn,  Advocate  ;  Francis  Dunlope  of  that  Ilk  } 
William  Morrifone,  of  Prefton  Grange  5  James  Mallcomej  of  Grange,  and  captain 
Patrick  Auchmulie,  two  of  the  Earl  Marifhalls  battoneers ;  John  Barclay  of  Cal- 
larmey;  Patrick  Durham  of  Omachie;  Mr.  George  ErJkine,  fon  to  Sir  George 
Erfkine,  of  Ballgrownie,  deceaft  ;  William  Murray,  writer  to  the  Signet;  Thomas 
Gibfone,  writer  in  Edinburgh,  fon  to  the  deceaft  Sir  Alexander  Gibfone,  of  Pent- 
land,  one  of  the  clerk'i  of  Sefiione  ;  Mungo  Smith,  John  Rcid,  Walter  Murray, 
and  Robert  Bull,  Merchants  in  Edinburgh  ;  Mr.  John  Corfan,  Alexander  Keith, 
George  Forbes,  Alexander  Farquherfone,  and  Alexander  Johnfon,  writers  there; 
John  Hog  and  David  Graham,  Macers  of  Privy  Council!  -,  Charles  Maitland,  John 
Adam,  Andrew  Graham  of  Jordieflon,  and  Patrick  Grant,  of  Bonhard,  four 
Macers  of  ScfTione  ;  John  Lethem,  her  Majefties  Smith  ;  David  Graham,  eldeft 
lawful  fone  to  the  faid  David  Graham,  Macer  of  Privy  Councill ;  William  Ro- 
bertfone,  fone  to  William  Robertfone,  one  of  the  under  Clerks  of  Seffion ;  Robert, 
Dowglas,  eldeft  lawful  fon  to  Captain  Robert  Dowglas  of  Millrigg,  Merchant^ 
in  Edinburgh,  with  diverfe  other  witncffes  fpecially  called  and  required  to  the 
premiffes. 


Of 


OF    THE    REGALIA    AT   EDINBURGH.  239 

Of  the   probable   fubfequent  Difpofal   of  thefe  Regalia, 
let  us  hear    Mr.    A  R  N  O  T. 


"IN  the  S.  E.  corner  of  the  caftle  at  Edinburgh,  ftate  prifoners  are  kept;  and 
in  one  apartment,  called  the  Crown  Room,  it  is  pretended  that  the  Regalia  of 
Scotland  are  depofued.  That  they  were  lodged  there  with  much  formalicy,  on  the 
26th  ot  March  1707,  is  certain;  whether  they  be  there  Hill,  is  very  problematical. 
If  they- be,  nothing  at  leaft  can  be  more  abfurd  than  the  way  in  which  they  have 
been  kept.  The  way  to  prcfeve  an  objedl  of  great  value  is,  not  to  lock  it  up  far 
ever  from  the  eyes  of  the  publick;  quite  the  reverfe.  It  is  by  producinsj  it  at 
ftatcd  times,  before  certain  officers,  as  reprefenting  the  publick.  Now,  fincc  the 
Regalia  were  depofited,  no  governor  of  the  caflle,  upon  his  admifiion,  has  made 
inquiry  if  they  were  left  fecure  by  his  predeceflbr.  No  mortal  has  been  known 
to  have  feen  them  ;  whether  it  was,  that  the  Government  entertained  a  jealoufy,  that 
the  Scots,  in  their  Scklenefs  or  difguft,  would  repent  themfclves  of  the  Union  ;  or, 
that  they  dreaded  the  Regalia  might,  upon  an  invalion,  fall  into  the  hands  of  the 
heir  of  the  Houfe  of  Stuart ;  it  appears  probable,  that  the  Regalia  have  been  pri- 
vately removed,  by  a  fecret  order  from  the  Court;  for  it  is  impoflible  that  any 
governor  of  the  caftle  would  abftraft  them  without  authority.  If,  after  this  general 
furmile,  fo  publicly  thrown  out,  the  officers  of  Itate,  and  governor  of  Edinburgh 
Caftle,  will  not  make  perfonal  inquiry  whether  the  Regalia  of  Scotland  be  ftill 
in  the  Caftle,  the  publick  will  be  entitled  to  conclude,  that  they  are  no  longer  there, 
and  that  they  have  been  carried  off  by  private  orders  from  the  Court  *.'' 

*  Arnot's  Hiftory  of  Edinburgh,  p.  2pi. 


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BIBLIOTHEGA 

TOPOGRAPH     ICA 

BRITANNIC      A, 

CONTAINING  = 

I.  Remarks  Oil 'me' ProgreCs  of  the  Roman  Army  in  S:^otland5 
during  the  Sixth  Catnpaign  of  Acrico;l,a  ;,  With  a  I'lan  and 
Defcription  of  the  Camp  at  Rae  Dykes". 

II.  An  Account  of  the  Roman  Camps  of  Battle  Dykes  and 
Haerfauds,  with  the  P'ia  Militaris  extending  between  them, 
in  the  County  of  Forfar.      By  the  Rev.  Mr.  Jameson. 

***  This  Number  contains  Six  Plates,  all  properly  paged. 
[  Price  Three  Shillings.  3 


Page, 

lO. 

II. 

13- 

i5' 


ERRATA,  occaficmed  by  the  Author's  being  out  of  Town. 


Line. 

7- 

ult. 

5- 
II. 


r.  "  Comrie." 
r.  "  to  afcertain." 
r.  "  Garniehill." 
r;  "  advanced  poft." 


For  the  accurate  dimenfions  of  this 
camp,  fee  Plate  III.  from  the  cor- 
refted  furvey,  made  in  1785,  now  ia 
the  pofleffion  of  the  Earl  of  Buchan. 


Page, 

.  Line. 
6,  7.  r. 

,  *'  in  the  fliire." 

23- 

24. 

21.     r. 

20.     r. 

pajjim. 

"  100  paces." 
"  Galgachan-] 
Comrie.'" 
r.  "  Bodotria." 

35. 

(fHtepen,  1 

r.  •'  Comrie.", 

Rofs  •  moor,  new 


i 


REMARKS 

On  the  PROGRESS  of  the 

ROMAN    ARMY   in   SCOTLAND, 

DURING 
The   Sixth    Campaign    of    AGRICOLA, 

WITH 

A  Plan  and  Description  of  the  C  A  M  P  at  R  A  E  D  Y  K  E  S^. 

ALSO 

An  Account  of  the  ROMAN  CAMPS  of  Battle  Dykes  and 
Haerfauds,  with  the  Fia  Militaris  extending  between  them, 
in  the  County  of  Forfar;  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  JAMESON. 


f"  L    O    N    D     O    N, 

PRINTED    BY    AND     FOR    J.     NICHOLS, 
PRINTER    TO    THE   SOCIETY    OF    ANTl  Q^U  ARIES. 

MDCCLXXXVI,     ■ 


>.»;    ;  > 


in  ^': 


\\    ^l    i  HTX  1 3     3iiT 


jiQ  ban 


ai      a.-niYG  a.iXT  T'/iuoaaAn. 


/ii\ 


^  IC  T;  E    vTHT    OT    ; 


c 


Remarks  on  the  Progrefs  of  the  Roman  Arms  in  Scotland,  during 
the  Sixth  Campaign  o/AGRICOLA. 


LETTER        L 


SIR,  Edinburgh,  December  lo,  1784. 

NEXT  to  the  united  lofs  of  health  and  charailer,  accom- 
panied by  the  gnawing  torments  of  an  evil  confcience,  is  the 
misfortune  to  a  good  man  of  furviving  the  virtue,  the  glory, 
and  the  happinefs  of  his  native  country. 

This  misfortune  is  ours;  and  fuch  has  been  the  accumulation 
of  difgrace  and  difcomfiture  that  has  fallen  on  us  as  a  people,, 
fince  the  laft  wretched  twenty-four  years  of  the  Britifli  annals, 
that  I  turn  with  averfion  from  the  filthy  pidture  that  is  before 
my  eyes,  and  look  back  for  confolation  to  the  times  which  are 
pall:. 

It  was  in  feeking.  Sir,  for  fuch  opiates  to  the  watchful  care: 
of  a  good  citizen  in  a  falling  empire,  that  I  fell  into  Antiqua- 
rian refearch,  and  I  Ihall  give  you  from  time  to  time  the  refults 
of  it. 

I  begin  with  the  firft  feature  of  the  Hiftory  of  Scotland,   the 
conqueib  of  Cnseus  Julius  Agricola. 

B  *'  In 


(( 
(( 


:i       Remarks  on  the  Progrefi  of  the  Rom  a  ft  Jrms  in  Scotland, 

"  In  the  third  year  of  his  command  in  Britain,  in  purfuit  of 
his  conqueils,  he  discovered  new  people,  by  continuing  his 
devaftation  through  the  feveral  nations  giiite  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Tay;  and  wlien'he  had  infpired  the  people  witli  fufficient 
terror,  he  lecured  polfeliion  of  the  country  by  erei5ling  forts 
"  in  the  moll  important  lituations."  Many  of  thefe  are  yet  to 
bA.tjrAcet|-in  the  coi\nti,^s'pf5terdnig.ajld> Perth,  akid"  are  d^fcribt'd 

with  plates  in  Sir  Robe;-t  Sibbald's  Works,  and  Mr.  Gordon's  Itiiie- 

\     \    ,1  ■     _     ■-  )'  ..... 

rarium  Septem'tridnale. 

*'  The  fourth  fummer  was  employed  in  fettling  and  fecuring 
"  what  territories  he  had  over-run,  which  were  chiefly  thofe  to 
"  the  fouth  of  the  Forth  and  Clyde^  -though  fortreflcs  had  been 
"  erected  further  north,  to  repel  the  invafions  of  the  Gale- 
*'  donians,  as  has  been  already  obferved." 

"Ia  the. fifth  year  ^^f  the  war,  Agricola  paffing  the. 'Firtl^  of 
*'  Forth,  fubdued  the  people  of  Fife,  Kinrofs,  and  part  of  Perth- 
"  fliire,  fo  continuing  his  conqueft  to' the  former  fear  of  .the 
"  war,  and  to  his  forts,  by  a  different  approach,  and  preparing 
<*  for  a  r^iore  northern  in vafion."  win   oocr^^  :.   c. 

In  the  fummer  of  the  fixth  year  of  'his  adminiftration, 
Agricola  compleated  his  conquelt  of  the  Eaftern  coaft  of  Scotland, 
quite  -to  the  extremity  of  the  Britifli  ifland  ;  and  this  campaign 
1  propofe  to  confider  with  attention,  to  quote  the  moft  important 
pafTages  from  Tacitus  concerning  it,  and  to  maie  obfervations 
upon  the  whole. 

To  do  this,   I  am  led  with  a  view  to  determine;  the  fcene  of 
the  lalt  decifive  victory  which  was  obtained  by  Agricola  over  the 
combined    force  of  our  barbarous   anceflors,  commanded    by  a 
chief  to  whom  Tacitus  gives  the  name  of  Galgacus,   vv'hich  has" 
enough  of  the  native  language  of  Gaelic  in  it,  to  fliew  that  with ' 
a  Latin  termination,  it  nearly  imitates  the  name  which  a  captive 


T 


'''  "^%ould 

a 


. ,,  during  the  Jixtb  Campaign  o/AGRICOLA.  3 

would  give  to ,  him  who  held  the  fiipreme  authority  among  the 
Clanns, 

.J  -The  fcene  of  this  vidory  has  been  hitherto  laid  in  Stirlingfhire, 
or  the  county  of  Perth;  and  the  remains  of  Roman  encamp- 
ments and  fortifications  have  been  adduced  as  proofs  of  the 
conjedlure;  but  I  fliall  fhew  that  it  is  altogether  incompatible 
with  th^  diftindt  and  beautiful  account  given  by  Tacitus  of  the 
operations  and  march  of  his  father-in-law,  and  with  the  nature 
of  the  war,  and  of  the  country. 

Befides,  from  my  learned  and  inquilitive  correfpondents  in  the 
North  of  Scotland,  I  have  received  accounts  of  the  remains  of 
Roman  works  and  encampments  in  the  neighbourhood  of;  the 
north-eailern  termination  of  the  Grampian  hills,  which  agree 
■with  the  account  I  am  about  to  lay  before  you  from  the  belt 
authority. 

^  For  the  conveniency  of  y^ur  acquaintance  in  the  prefent  rapid 
decline  of,.erudition,  I  Ihall  give  yqu  Tacitus  in  the  lliff  buD 
faithful  tranflation  of  Thomas  Gordon^.  y_     ' 

"  In  the- fummer,  which  began  the  fixthyear  of  his  admini- 
ftration,   as  it  w^as  apprehended  that  the  natlojjs  forwaj'd  '^  would' 
imiverfally  take  arms,  antl  becaule  the  ways   were   all  infefted 
with  the  enemies  hod,   his  nrft  ftep  was  to  coalt  and  exploi-e  the- 
large  communities  beyond  Bodotria  %  by  the  means  of  bis  fleet ^  which' 
•was  from  the  beginning  employed  by  him.as  part  oj  his  forces^  and 
in  attending  him  at  this  time,  made  a  glorious  appearance,  as  at- 
once  invading,  by  fea .and  land. .    Indepd.  the.  fame  camp   often  > 
contained  the  foot  and  the  horfe,  and  the  7narineSy  all  intermixed- 
and  rejoicing  in  common,   feverally  magnifying  their  own  feats,  . 
their  own  hazards   and  adventures.    Here  were   difplayed    the 

'  Nations  to  the  North  of  Forth  and  Ciyde. 
*  Beyond  the  Firth  of  Forth. 

B  2  horrors^ 


4       Remarks  on  the-  Ptogrefs  of'  the-  Roman  Arms  in  Scotland, 

horrors  of  Heep  mountains  "  and  difmal  forefts,  there  the  out- 
rages of  waves  and  tempers  '  ;  thcfe  boafted  their  exploits  by 
land- and  againfl^'-the'-foe,  ^/jo/e  the  "-oanqviijloed  ocean  \  all  vying 
together  a<:cordrag  to  the  nfual  vaunts  and  oftentation  of  foldiers. 
Upon  the  Britons  ',  as  was  learned  from  the  captives,  the  fight 
of  the  fleet  brought  much  confternation  arid  difmay,  as  if  now 
that  their  folitary  ocean,  and  receffes  of  the  deep  ^^Tre  difclofed 
and  invaded,  the  lajl  refuge  oi  the  vanquilhed  was  cut  off. 

When  therefore  be  had  fent  forward  the  navy^  v;hich,  by  com- 
mitting devaftations  in  feveral  places,  would  not  fail  to  fpread  a 
nvighty  and  perplexing  terror ;  he  pu^  himfelf  at  the  Head  of 
his  army  hghtly  equip|>ed,  and  added  to  it  fome  of  the  braveff" 
Britons,  and  with  the  whole  continued  his  march  till  he  arrived 
at  the  Grampian  hills. 

"  For  belides  (fays  Galgacus)  that  bondage  is  what  we  never' 
*'  have  borne,  we  are  fo  beiet  that  beyond  us  there  is  no  lurther 
*^  land,  nor  in  truth  is  there  any  fecurity  left -us  from  the  feas,^ 
"  whilfl  the  Roman  fleet  is  hovering  on  our  coafts." 

*'  Beyond  us  no  more  people  are  found,  nor  aught  fave  fcas 
t*:  and  rocks."  .f^  VioDi^-iJi 

In  Agricola's  fpeech,  **  we  have  paffed  the  limits  which  we 
**  found  ;  ye  thofe  of  former  armies:  and  we  pojjejs  the  very  ex- 
"  tr entity  of  Britain^  not  only  in  bruitings  of  fame  and  vulgar 
*'  rumour,  but  with  our  camps  and  arms."  *'  Britain  is  entirely  ^ 
"  difcovered  and  entirely  fubdued.  Indeed,  as  the  army  has  been 
*'  marching  whilft  in  paffing  moraflfes  and  mountains,  and  rivers, 
"  you  have  been  fatigued  and  diltreffed,  I  was  wont  to  hear  every 

'  The  woody  Grampians.  -^ 

*  1  he  German  fea. 

3  The  Romans  gave  the  name  of  Britons  to  the  people  on  the  Eafttrn  coaft  of 
Scotland,  to  thofc  of  the  Weil  that  of  Caledonians. 

*'  mlan, 


during  tbejixtb  Campaign  0/  A  G  R I  C  a  L  Ai^^"^^       | 

"  many'eveh  the  braiveft  afk,'  WhenihaH^wefeetheeitemy?  ^v'1^^ 
«  fliall  webeledto  battle?'' '-      '    ■  '       '  ■■;    '    \,--.iv: --.    u 

"  For  u^  t(h''haK;^&^^'7naH}>ed  over  '^'  iroB  ijf'to'^ntrf  fo  ifiUkm/e^ 
**  to  have  paffcd  th.i'oiigh  gloomy  forefts,  to  have  crojfed  arms  of 
"-M^ /^^r^is  matier^of  glory  and  applaufe."  ■       '  ^^-^  ^' 

*'  When  the  lummer  was  pafTed,  and  tlience  an  impofllbilit}^ 
**■  of  ex^ei"iding  tl\e  d{)eration&  of  the-War,  he  reconduxfted  hre  af my 
"itoi  the  borders  of  the  HorelU'  .  There  he  received  hoftage^ 
*':'for  the  Caledonians^  there  he  fent  orders  to  the  admiral  to  fail: 
"  round  Britain  ;  and  the  terror  of  the  Roman  power  having 
'*'.  gone  forth,  he  himfelf  at  the  fame  tints  \ied  on  his  horfe  aiid 
"  foot  with  a  flow  pace  ;  that  thus'-the  minds  of  the  new  jtatiom 
*'  might  be  awed  and  difmayed  by  prolonging  hts  march 
^'-through  them.  He  then  lodged  his  army  in  garrifon  for  the 
"winter."  ,.^  .....  ^  ■■■■■     ..,.,. 

From  tliefe  qiiotatiohs- ill  p^rt^^lar/'bttSfroni  the  whole '^cf- 
connt  of  Agricola's  motions  in  general,   k  appears,  -     '■^-^' 

111:,  That  the  plan  of  Agricoia  was  to  make  his  attacks  on 
the  large  communities  to  the  north  of  Bodotria,  with  the  ter- 
rific aid- bf  hi«- fl'ceK^'f  c«f^-^n>--  '^^  -'^'i-t   odJ  fi;oit  cifiyqqs  Jl 

:'adl:3r,J  That  his- camp  confi^ftetl  of-  a  mi^etl  force,  with  marines^ 
occafionally  drawn*,  from  the  fleet.  SfiiiO    ia» 

3.dly,  That  the  folitary  ocean  and  rccefles  of  the  deep  hitherto 
unexplored,  cannot  refer  to  th€  fcenes- formerly  fuppofed  to  have 
been  the  feat  of  the  war  when  it  was  ended  by  Agricoia  ifr  his 
fixth  campain.        *  .■smSiViAi.v  . 

4thly,  That  the  fleet  was  fent  forward,  and  the  march  con- 
tinued under  its  protection-  and   awe   till   the   army    advancing 

*  The  people  in  ;the  midland  diftri(9:^of  Scotland, 'fout-h  of  Tay,;  wh^re  the  forts 
were  placed  at  the  entrance  of  the  highlands,  and  where  he  Received  ^hoffages  for. 
their  condud  during  the  ab^nca 'of  tii©'' army.         ■      ■  '       -  '      -  ' 

coail- 


6       Remarks',  on  the  Pmgufs,-^/.  the  Roma^  Arms  in  Scotland, 

<;oaft-,\vi£e,  reaclijed  the  ^.Nort-Ji-reaftprn'  teirriimatiion  of  the  rangd 
of  the  Grampian  hills  in  Aberdeenfhirfc,;'',      '    .  •:'^'  '' 

ofithly,  .That  GaJigyif  vis,.a^nr^iis- harangue,' talks  ;,of,  the  country 
and  , of  his  allied.,array  a^  ,fo;befet  l;hat  bpyond  them  there  was 
no  further  land  ;   and  th^t  the  Roman  ifieetlay  hovering  pa. the 

,y.^tlilyj,  ^j'J'iiat  the.-rarm^  of-  Agvicola;then  poffeiTed  the  very 
ejftteix^i^yfjOJfi -Britain, , and;  had';p§^eid  tji^  limits  pervaded;  hy 
any  fornfier  force.-;  that  the  -troops;  h-?^' heen  difpirited  by  the 
great  kngth  x)f  their  m.^rch,,  and.  l^addje^airedi  of  their ;meet;- 
ing  with  th£  fop,  Avhich  was  ,,c<>ll'e6liiig  inj.lke.iiigth  ih  theliigh- 
lands,  and  came  jdown  \.q  itl>e  Lowlands,  <  wheiic it  r  \)\-as  in  fof- 
ficien  t  force  to  f ace  th  e  Ro  m  an  ar m  y .  ; 

7thly,  and  laftly,  That  rhe  army  of  Agrico.la  had  marchetJ 
over  a  country /o  immenfe,  had  crolVed  fuch  arms  of  the  fea,.  as 
had  raifed  to  the  higheft  celebrity  the^-prowefs  of  the  Rohnan 
nrmy,  a  defcription  .which  exadly  correfpond.s  to-  the-  North- 
eaflern  termination  of  the  Grampian  hills,,  but  to  no  other  part  of 
Scotland. 

It  appears  from  the  Life  of  Agricola,  by  Tacitus,  that  the 
?.omans  now  failed  the  Deucaledonian  fea,  fubduing  the  ifles 
of  Orkney,  till  then  unknown,  and  defcrying  the  Shetland 
ifles,  or,  as  fome  imagine  from  the  defcription  of  it,  as  hid  by 
winter  under  eternal  fnow,.  the  Ifland  of  Iceland.  ...  ^ 

Thefe  remarks,  Sir,  wil^,  I  hope  be  agreeable  to  you,  and' 
amufmg  at  leaft,  if  not  inftrudive.  ...o    >      . 

It  gives  me  pleafure  to  call  the  attention  of  the  learned  to 
my  negleded  country,  now  become  a  difpirited  province  of  .the 
Britifli  union,  and,  as  cuifed  with  a  very  bad  and  inconftant 
climate,  muft  become  the-  moft  wretched  of  all  countries  on 
the  face  of  the  globe,  if  it  is  to  continue  to  pay  its  clnb   with 

England, 


,ba4ar//?«"  :theA/!x(li.\€ampal§hvf  A,  O  R I C  O  HA...-?-       ^ 

England,  without  refources,  without  erudition,  tafte,  or  morals, 
to  prevent  it  fronxibeitigr  crigheaHin'dbr  tlie  riiins  of  an  old  and 
wealthy  Itate  to  which  it  is  now  united,  or  to  affuage  her  for- 
TawS'and'liifferihg«i^!-¥  confider  Scotland  my  native  country,  as 
?;5'H#  J^i'Pc^i^pWe  -ji^ie^alli^^^  Q/-fii%iei!fc-,i({i{ilpmr^' "  which  ought 
■Y9\B\  4^if^fiacg4 :P€r.fe>rgi>!t(|W . i ij  ■tlif(e:j^aWnfet  of  nations,  becaufe 
it.Jies.n^xLta  oae  mpf'ebeautifuli,more.po/i/bed  d^nd  elegant,  but  of 

--iT^^eEi^Uili'are  a  generous  people  ;  they  loVe  their  country^ 
-And  boatt,of,it...,,jL  wilh  to  God  they  had  more  caufe,  and  that 
from  the  corruption  of  their  manners  there, was  not  too  great  a 
probability  of  their  lofing  the  ^^-reateft  of  all  bleihngs,  and  that 
Jooi^er.  tbmibey^.  are  aware  of',  but  this  I  am  certain  of,  that  thev 
i"^'^^^  .<^^'^;rr^^??R  u^'.the^leis  for  preferving  our  ancim  national 
rW^^tr  (if,, aia?, I  ;4t  yet  repiains),;Whicl^  though  it  made  them 
Ueed.at  Bannockj^urn,  gathered,  laurels  f9J:.'/^^/^4.3ftcrwards  in 
^^^^^i-^^^^^^^  ?^  ^tie  globjS.  I  am,rn:^v  -  ,  ,[} 
F.:r"   Jf:d7/    "In  3-tjb6f'.vn:ij'  ■ 

.  ^itli:i:egw:d,  .:\  'J 
I'il    vd    V  (fsoifij:  1  ..    vbrjft   eirfT 

c  j;!.;j;;l   3d?  rncii   ^tbr^f-^ow  obliged,  huini)ldiervant,;-'  .  n 
.>ji!i:nii-  a    ;        •  .■   ■  i    >   loiJibm) 

•      '       mi  10  .'{J  niiiiK  9-  '  , 

ALBANICUiS.. 
'uii   lo   S3lqrjnriq  Ii;:;if)/j»   yj:J  nc 

.  2i:  ffDiJl    ,n3rn  -lol  zridq  bjnl  3V/;/1 

'    !'•■■;  ■    /•(  bnc  .  ■  ■ .   ' 

.    i  ;  '  M>  i3pdj  cu.  'J. 

'^r.'    ;  .  '  .v>j7/b   oj  yjinpi. 

P.fr;r-fh.';  i. 


$       Remarks  mibe  Trogreji  tf  the  Roman  Arms  in  Scotland, 

..  ..^    -^.j\r1   (^fhihiri  i   li/0-lJJ7/  .1.. 

LETTER     -'Ih^orlfi  q  ol 

florrfv- 

SIR,  .        r  i.UftoeMsbiiflO'J  Edinburgh,  February  8,  1785. 

I  :R  E  S  U  M  E  the '  fubjexft  of  the  progrefs  of  Agrkola,  in  his 
fixth  campaign,  as  defciibed  by  the  nerVcnis  but  laconic  pen  of 
his  fbn-in-law,  which,  as  it  terminated  the  war  undertaken 
againfl:  the  combined  force  of  Caledonia,  and  gave  occafion  to 
the  beautiful  and  charadteriftic  defirri^ion  with  which  the  phi- 
iofophic  hiftorian  has  adorned  his'  immortal  pages,  cannot  fail  of 
being  acceptable  to  the  public.        -■  r-        f  -     >,---*-'     -     - 

It  has  been  my  ambition  to  legitPrnate  ttte  riiihm^'ia^^^ 
inveftigation  of  the  antiquary,  by  making"  it  fiibfervient  to  the 
purpofes  of  the  hiitorian,  'and  of  the  i^hilofo]  her;  and  as  I  fhall 
probably  have  occafian  to 'repeat  ihy  communications  to  you 
on  fubjedts  of  greater  imprortance,  it  is  neceffary  that  I  fliovild 
give  you  my  fcope  of  antiquarian  refearch.  I  confider  the 
ftudy  of  human  nature,  and  the  knowledge  of  what  has 
'happened  to  mankind  in  the  various  ages  and  climates  of  the 
world,  leading  to  the  improvement  of  fociety  by  government,  as 
the  firft  of  iUidies,  and  the  belt  of  fciences. 

This  il:udy  can  be  rendered  practicable  only  by  feparating 
avithentic  records  and  proofs  of  authenticity  from  the  fabulous 
tradition   common  to  all  countries  as  it  is  to  all  families. 

All  governments  have  arifen  from  contingency,  01  imitation; 
and  none  have  been  attempted  to  be  formed,  or  even  improved, 
on  the  radical  principles  of  man's  nature,  becaufc  all  legiflaters 
have  laid  plans  for  men,  fuch  as  they  ought  to  be,  but  fuch  as 
they  are  not,  and  never  will  be. 

It  becomes  therefore  the  proper  objeiSt:  of  him  who  fearches 

into  antiquity  to  difcover   the  natural  bent  of  focial  man  ;   the 

4  cviitoms 


during  the ftxth  Campaign  (?/AGRIGOLA.  9 

cuftoms  which  are  too  ftron^  for  laws ;  and  the  errors  which 
have  brought  every  nation  to  its  fall  by  gradations  fo  uniformly 
marked,  in  the  hiftory  of  the  world,  that  they  invite  the  friends 
of  humanity  to  explore  the  political  difeafe,  and  to  point  out 
its  remedy. 

This  is  the  firft  objedl  of  the  rational  and  philofophical  An- 
tiquary ;  for  "  the  proper  ftudy  of  Mankind  is  Man  ;"  and  that 
ftudy  is  the  Antiquary's,  becaufe  man  cannot  be  known  without 
eXi  lorino-  his  follies  and  his  littleneffes,  as  well  as  his  vices 
and  i.is  greatnefs,  which  adorn,  whilit  they  fully  the  pages  of" 
the  hiitorian. 

Having  detained  you.  Sir,  and  your  future  readers  fo  long  by 
thefe  refle(flions,  which  1  thought  proper  to  fence  myfelf  with 
againft  the  fcoffers  of  antiquity  ;  I  proceed  to  the  illuftration  of 
my  commentary  on  the  laft  campaign  of  Agricola  in  Scotland, 
by  topographical  proof  received  long  after  I  had  commenteil, 
without  prejudice  or  hypothefis,  on  the  text  of  Tacitus. 

By  the  map  of  Richard  of  Cirencefter,  which  accompanies 
this  letter,  you  will  fee  that  the  route  and  theftations  of  the 
Roman  armyare  marked  in  exa6l  coincidence  with  the  hiil:orian  ; 
and  they  agree  with  the  remains  of  Roman  encampments  and 
caufeways,  which  are  yet  to  be  traced  with  fufEcient  accuracy, 
to  lea*;e  no  doubt  of  their  conftru(5lors. 

Camden  mentions  Grantfbain  as  the  place  of  the  memorable 
overthrow  of  the  Caledonian  chief;  and  in  my  former  letter  I 
informed  you  that  Grant-Ben  is  no  other,  in  the  Irifli  or  Scoto- 
Gaelic  language,  than  the  ugly  hills,  mountains  fo  named  from 
their  uncouth  and  fcalpy  appearance,  and  their  being  ftrongly 
contrafted  to  the  molt  fertile  and  extenlive  valleys  in  Scotland. 

Sir  Robert  Sibbald  adopts  the  fort  of  Ardoch,  in  Strathallan,  as 
the  feat  of  Agricola's  camp  before  his  engagement  with  Galgacus: 

G  this 


I  o      Remarks  on  tbt  Progrefs  of  the  Roman  Arms  in  Scotland, 

this  remain,  which  is  in  Perthlhire,  is  indeed  very  entire,  and 
>vorLh  viiiting  on  that  account;  but,  being  only  loo  paces  by  80 
within  the  encampment,  is  a  miniature  indeed,  and  the  itation  only 
of  a  Roman  detachment  or  garrilbn,  to  overawe  the  adjacent 
country. 

An  encampment,  the  remains  of  which  are  to  be  feen  about 
ha'.f  a  mile  from  the  church  of  Comeria,  in  Strathern,  and  in 
the  fame  county  of  Perth,  is  choien  by  Alexander  Gordon,  the 
author  of  the  Itinerarium  Septentrionale,  as  the  fpot  in  queftion  ; 
and  he  plumes  himfelf  on  its  being  fitted  to  contain  juft  8000 
foot  and  3000  horfe,  the  number  of  auxiliaries  mentioned  by 
the  hiftorian  as  accompanying  the  Roman  army,  as  if  thefe 
only  were  to  be  defended  from  the  infults  of  a  numerous  hoft 
of  defperate  enemies,  who  were  about  to  fight  for  their  laft 
ftake,  in  a  country  with  which  they  were  fo  much  better  ac- 
quainted, and  were  fupported  by  the  whole  warlike  ftrength  of 
their  nation. 

The  fame  author,  in  oppofition  to  the  conjecture  of  the  laft 
battle  having  been  fought  at  the  pafs  of  Grampian  in  the  Mearns, 
aflerts,  that  in  the  Mearns  "  no  vefliges  of  Roman  encampments 
**  are  to  be  found,  nor  any  works  of  that  nature,  except  a  round 
**  fort  called, the  Caterthunne,  not  far  from  Fettercairn,"  which, 
he  fays,  is  evidently  Danifii  or  Pidlifh,  and,  to  fi.ipport  his  fa- 
vourite hypothefis  in  favour  of  Comerie,  he  adduces  the  name  of 
Galcachan  Rofs  Moor,  which  in  fa6t  fignifies  no  more  than  the 
moor  of  a  peninfula  where  the  Gauls  had  fought ;  a  name 
which  implies  nothing  peculiar  in  a  country  mhabited  by  Gauls 
only. 

But  Gordon  wrote  haftily  ;  and  the  country  had  not  been  ex- 
plored in  his  days  with  fufficient  attention.  From  the  neigh- 
bourhood  of   Perth,  all  through    Strathmore,    and   nearly  in 

agree- 


during  the fixtb  Campaign  o/^AGRlCOLA.  it 

agreement  with  the  antient  Itineraries,  Roman  works  are  to  be 
found  ' ;  and  in  the  Muir  of  Lour,  not  far  from  Forfar,  in  the 
county  of  the  fame  name,  are  to  be  feen  the  remains  of  two 
Roman  camps  %  called  Black  or  Battle  Dykes,  and  Hare  Dykes, 
with  a  Caufeway  running  about  fix  miles  betwixt  them,  which 
will  appear  hereafter  to  have  been  the  winter  quarters  of  part 
of  the  Roman  army,  after  the  conclufion  of  the  fixth  cam- 
paign, and  of  the  Caledonian  war.  Of  thefe  encampments  and 
other  Roman  works,  elucidating  tiie  whole  hiftory  of  Agricola's 
command  in  Scotland,  it  may  be  proper  hereafter  to  gjve  a 
more  exail  account  to  the  pubUc,  and  to  accompany  it  with  a 
topographical  map  of  the  country  and  plans  of  the  different 
encampments :  in  the  mean  time,  I  fliall  content  myfelf  with 
giving  a  fketch  of  the  country,  where  it  feems  evident,  from  the 
whole  mafs  of  circumftances,  that  the  war  was  concluded  by 
the  fignal  vi6lory  obtained  by  Agricola  over  Galgacus  and  the 
Caledonian  army. 

I  fuppofe  the  Roman  army  to  have  proceeded  through  Strath- 
more  and  the  hollow  of  the  Mearns,  to  the  coaft  by  the  dotted 
line  A,  [plate  II.],  which  crofTes  the  rivulet  of  Carron  Q,  which 
runs  paft  Fetterreffoe  R,  till  it  arrived  at  a  place  called  Arduthy, 
half  a  mile  from  Stonehive  O,  where  there  are  clearly  the  remains 
of  a  camp  at  B.  This  camp  was  in  the  remembrance  of  a  re- 
fpedtable  gentleman,  from  whom  I  received  the  account  much 
more  dillindt  than  at  prefent,   great  part  of  it  having  been  de- 

«  See  plate  I.  where  Richard  of  Cirencefter  lays  down  a  Ration  A  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Stonehive,  where  it  will  be  fhewn  the  pafs  of  Grampian,  defcribed  by 
Tacitus,  was. 

*  Thefc  camps  were  firft  fought  for  ind  difcovered  in  ihe  year  1754,  by  Lieu- 
tenant-general Robert  Melviil,  then  a  Captain  in  the  25th  regiment  of  foot;  a  facH: 
which  did  not  come  to  my  knowledge  till  fome  months  after  I  had  written  thefe 
remarks;  and  I  am  well  pleafed  to  inform  the  learned  reader,  that  the  principles  of 
invefligation,  ufed  by  that  military  gentleman,  were  fimilar  to  tliofe  1  have  made  ufi 
of  o  afcertain  the  itations  and  the  march  of  the  Roman  army. 

C   a  ftroyed 


1  2      Remarks  on  the  Progrefs  of  the  Roman  Arms  in  S  jotland, 

ftroyed  by  the  agriculture  of  the  country;  it  is  lituated  on  an 
eminence  with  a  precipice  to  the  north,  and  is  about  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  from  the  fea,  which  1  mark  P,  and  about  half  a  mile 
from  Stonehive  marked  O ;  from  this  camp  at  B,  I  fuppofe  the 
Romans  proceeded  north- eaftward,  croflTing  the  rivulet  of  Cowie 
X,  which  runs  pad  Urie  at  S,  ftill  keeping  the  dotted  line  A 
along  a  fmooth  bank  and  a  plain  heath  to  C,  which  is  a  point 
w^here  three  moralTes  nearly  meet  at  V,  and  the  only  road  they 
could  take  in  their  progrefs  northward  by  the  coaft,  and  not  far 
from  the  prefent  poft  road  at  N.  At  this  pafs  I  fuppofe  they 
were  oppofed  by  the  Caledonians  upon  the  Kempftonehill  at  I, 
which  is  dotted  with  arlmoft  innun'ierable  firfall  heaps'  of  ftones, 
and  like  wife  three  very  large  ones  at  L,  called  Cairns.  There 
are  likewife,  at  the  two  croffes  at  K,  two  ftones  ftanding  oh  end  at 
the  diftance  of  about  one  hundred  yards  from  each  other,  and 
about  ten  feet  high,  without  any  infcription.  In  each  of  thefe 
large  Cairns  feverai  ftone-coffins  have  been  found,  about  four 
feet  long;  and  in  the  infide  fmall  urns  containing  a  little  earth. 
Several  of  the  fmall  heaps  have  been  dug  to  the  foundation, 
but  neither  bones  nor  urns  were  found.  Their  numbers  and 
appearance,  with  that  of  the  large  Cairns  and  the  urns  found 
in  them,  leave  not  the  leaft  room  to  doubt  but  a  battle  has  been 
fought  in  that  place;  and  from  the  difpofition  of  the  tumuli, 
it  appears  clear  that  thofe  who  made  the  attack  muft  have  come 
from  the  fouth,  and  prevailed.  If  we  fuppofe  the  Roman  army 
to  have  marched  from  the  camp  at  B,  by  the  dotted  line  A,  and 
that  they  were  obliged  to  pafs  between  the  morafles  at  C,  it  is 
impoflible  the  Caledonians  could  have  occupied  a  more  favour- 
able fpot  to  oppofe  them  than  the  fouth  fide  of  the  Kempftone- 
hill ;  by  extending  their  flanks  to  the  two  morafles,  they  were 
abfolutely  fecure  every  where  excepting  in  front.  I  fuppofe  the 
Roman  general  to  have  prevailed,  and  the  Caledonians  driven  to 

the 


during  the  fix  th  Campaign  o/AGRlCOLA.  j;i 

the  woods  and  bogs  in  the  neighbourhood  which  continue  for 
miles  at  V,  and  at  that  time  is  fuppolcd  to  have  been  all  wood. 
The  Roman  general  might  for  various  reafons  have  been  unable 
to  purfue  the  advantage  he  had  gained,  and  chofe  to  encamp 
upon  the  Garnca-hill,  or  Readykes  at  D,  which  is  about  two 
miles  from  the  former  place,  and  an  eminence  which  commands 
a  profpedt  of  the  whole  neighbourhood,  to  which  there  is  a  clear 
paflage  by  the  dotted  line  A.  This  camp,  as  I  obferved  before, 
contains,  as  I  fuppofe,  about  one  hundred  acres,  has  feveral 
gates,  three  of  which  are  here  defcribed  at  F,  and  covered  by 
three  redoubts  at  G,  with  an  advanced  port  at  H.  There  is  a 
Druid  Temple  to  the  north-weft  at  E.  The  line  of  circumval- 
lation  is  rather  flight,  excepting  to  the  eaft,  where  the  ditch 
is  very  deep,  and  the  rampart  formed  by  the  earth  high,  and 
fronts  the  bogs,  which  have  been  woods,  at  V,  where  the  enemy 
feem  to  have  retired. 

Several  Roman  weapons  have  been  found  in  this  camp,  par- 
ticularly a  hajla  and  helmet,  of  which  the  former  is  in  the 
lawyers'  library  at  Edinburgh ;  and  lately  a  fragment  of  another 
hajla  7iX\^  a  malleolus  have  been  dug  up;  and,  as  fearch  is  now 
making,  there  is  little  doubt  that  many  more  will  be  difcovered. 

Now,  ftating  all  thefe  circumftances,  particularly  that  this 
camp  is  fituated  upon  the  north-eaft  end  of  the  Grampian  Hills, 
where  thefe  mountains  could  eafily  be  crofled,  and  likewife  near 
the  fea,  where  a  land  army  could  have  communication  with  the 
fleet,  and  where  the  ground  was  fo  fmooth,  that  chariots  could 
have  adled ;  1  do  fuppofe  the  Kempftone-hill  to  have  been 
the  place  where  Galgacus  was  defeated  by  Agricola.  It  could 
not  be  at  the  camp  at  Readykes,  becaufe  there  is  not  the  Icaft 
veftige  of  an  engagement  at  that  place,  nor  upon  the  hill  of 
Glethno  at  W,  nor  the  hill  of  Magray  at  T,  which  have  no 
4  tumulL 


T  4     Remarks  on  the  Frogrefs  of  the  Roman  Arms  in  Scotland, 

tumuli.  ,  Add  to  thefe  circumftances,  that  Tacitus  informs,  that, 
after  the  engagement,  Agricola  led  his  army  into  Hore/^ia,  which  1 
think  every  Antiquary  luppofes  to  be  the  county  of  Angus.  It 
is  likely  that  the  Romans  fbme  time  or  other  extended  their  con- 
quefts  as  far  north  as  the  Murray  Firth ;  but  it  is  probable  they 
abandoned  thefe  advantages  in  the  winter,  for  reafons  that  ap- 
pear perfedlly  clear.  It  does  not  feem  to  have  been  of  impor- 
tance fufiicient  for  them  to  have  defended  at  a  great  expence  a 
narrow  tra6t  of  coaft  againft  the  natives  ;  and,  to  confirm  this 
idea,  I  have  not  heard  of  any  Roman  military  way  that  has  been 
diicovered  as  far*  north  as  this.  Thefe  military  ways  feem  to 
have  been  abfolutely  neceffary,  where  there  were  winter  ftations, 
becaufe  they  formed  a  communication  from  one  to  another. 
Thofe  I  have  feen  are  fo  raifed  above  the  common  furface  of  the 
ground,  that  they  generally  keep  clearer  of  fnow  than  any 
other  place ;  and  a  fmall  number  of  well-armed  and  well-dif- 
ciplined  men  could  upon  thofe  ways  have  eafily  defended  them- 
felves  againft  very  fuperior  numbers  of  Barbarians. 

The  method  I  adopted  for  the  proof  of  my  commentary  on 
the  6th  campaign  of  Agricola,  I  beg  leave  to  recommend  to  thofe 
who  amufe  themfeves  as  I  do,  with  explaining  the  text  of  an- 
tient  military  writers,  or  their  annalifts.  I  read  the  hiftory  with 
attention,  I  draw  the  inferences  of  a  foldier  and  an  hiftorian, 
and  I  leave  my  conjectures  to  be  verified  or  difapproved  by  an 
examination  of  the  country  :  this  is  the  expen'menium  crucis  ; 
and  whoever  adops  any  other  method,  or  aflTumes  to  himfelf 
an  hypothefis  like  Gordon,  Sibbald,  or  any  other  fond  father 
of  a  fyftem,  will  be  fure  to  be  the  dupe  of  his  own  errors. 

I  own,  Mr.  Nichols,  that  when  I  fliall  again  furvey  the  hill 
where  the  brave  Galgacus  fought,  I  fliall  be  apt  to  throw  off 
my  flioes,  and  fay  the  ground  on  which  I  ftand  is  confecrated  to 

the 


riatilIL.p.j.=,. 


Farm  of  '.J^.f^ 
like  Uykej-'lf 


H 


\.'J7iejrort/t  Oatf  7_/f*?i7iZc. 
V,.r/t>  f<.urt  Irdte  :,z  '^iriiU  . 
C.T/tt  J'oio/i  hall'  6o'^w{de. 
'Q.T/lc  South  IVcJl  Lhrte  tf^iridf. 

E.  TheNpifii  TVe.ri  Gate  yo'^widf 

F.  A  Cottanc  latcl)  biiili  within 
till'  (amp. 

Q  J/il'  Kv ni . 

K.Seemj'  tv hare hicn ati aiiiajiced 
pojt . 


C  A  ]SI    P 

R  e  E   B  Y  K  E  S 
17  ^"^5- 


Si  ale  of  Feet . 

ov  400  uoo  Soo         looc      Jiao 


during  the  fixth  Campaign  o/AGRICOLA.  15 

the  fervour  of  our  patriotifm  ;  I  fhall  hear  the  harangues  of 
Galgacus  and  of  Agricola  founding  in  ray  ears  with  the  eloquence 
of  Tacitus;  and,  animated  with  the  imaginary  clafliing  of  holtile 
fliields,  1  fliall  exclaim,  My  ancejlors  zvere  defeated,  but  not  Jub- 
diced ;   and  /  glory  in  the  name  of 

ALBANICUS. 

Plan  of  the  Camp   at  Rae  Dykes,  o-n   the  EJlate  of  Ury,   on  the 
Shore  of  Kincardine,  as  furnijloed  by  Robert  Barclay  of  Ury, 
Efq\  from  an   aSiual  Survey,    to  Lieutenant  General  Melvill,; 
/«I778.     [See  Plate  III.] 

The  annexed  is  a  draught  of  what  is  called,  by  the  country 
people,  the  Rae  (or  Roe^  Dykes,  but  is  generally  believed  to  be 
a  Roman  camp.  It  lies  on  the  eftate  of  Ury,  above  the  town  of 
Stonehaven,  about  three  miles  from  the  fea,  and  300  feet  above 
the  level  thereof.  The  Grampian  mountains  at  this  place  come 
very  near  the  coall,  and  the  hill  on  which  the  camp  is  lituated 
(commonly  called  the  Garrifon  hill)  commands  a  great  extent  of 
hills  and  country  round  it.  The  pofition  of  the  camp  is  exadly 
laid  down  on  this  draught.  The  gates,  ramparts,  8ic.  are  in 
general  very  perceptible  at  this  day.  The  rampart  is  of  earth, 
about  30  feet  broad  at  the  bafe,  with  a  deep  ditch  without.. 
The  area  contained  within  the  fortification  is  about  120  acres. 
On  the  S.  E.  of  this  camp,  in  a  hollow,  is  a  large  bank,  diftant 
242  yards,  and  176  yards  long;  the  bafe  of  which  is  about 
40  feet,  and  the  ditch  much  deeper  than  any  part  of  that  of 
the  camp.  The  gates  of  the  camp  are  all  much  about  the 
fame  width,  except  that  oppofite  to  this  work,  which,  feems  a 
little  wider. 

LETTER 


1 6      Remarks  on  the  Progrefs  of  the  Roman  Arms  in  Scotland, 

LETTER        III. 

_/?/7  Account  of  the  Roman  Camps  of  Battle  dykes  and  Haerfauds, 
zvith  the  Via  Militaris  extending  between  them,  in  the  County  of 
r^orfar. 

By  the  Reverend  Mr.  Jameson,  of  Forfar.      April  23,  1785. 

THE  camp  of  Battle-dykes  (vulgarly  called  Black-dykes')  lies 
about  three  Englifli  miles  north- eaft  from  Forfar,  in  the  parifli 
of  Oathlaw,  about  a  mile  weft  from  the  parifli  church.  It  is 
liaely  fituated  on  a  large  plain,  flanked  on  the  fouth-fide  by  the 
marfliy  grounds  on  the  rivulet  of  Lemno.  On  the  weft,  it  is 
partly  guarded  by  a  kind  of  morafs.  Its  north-weit  corner 
reaches  to  the  top  of  a  hill  called  Wolf-law,  whence  there  is  a 
very  extenfive  profpecfl  of  the  country;  but  in  this  place  the 
ramparts  have  been  ploughed  up.  The  camp  would  feem  to 
have  been  defended  on  all  fides  by  two  ramparts  of  ftone  and 
earth,  with  a  ditch  between  them,  except  on  part  of  the  weft- 
fide,  where  the  morafs  lies,  which  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
fortified  in  any  other  way  than  by  nature.  Proceeding  eaftward, 
you  obferve  the  fecond  or  outermoft  rampart  from  the  firft  gate 
on  the  fouth-fide,  which  is  very  difcernible  all  the  way  round  to 
the  north-eaft  corner,  except  in  one  place,  where  they  have  been 
both  effaced  by  the  plough.  There  are  two  gates  on  the  north  and 
fouth  fides  of  the  camp,  one  only  on  the  eaft  and  weft.  From 
the  extremity  of  the  fouthern  rampart  to  the  firft  gate  are  292 
paces,  including  part  of  the  morafs;  thence  to  the  fecond  gate  240, 
thence  to  the  Ibuth-eaft  corner  460,  in  all  992  paces.  On  the  eaft 
rampart,  from  the  fouth  angle  to  the  gate,  are  312  paces,  thence  to 
the  north  angle  330,  in  all  642.   All  the  ground  within  the  camp 

has 


H 


m 


MoraCe 


On  Ihu  i/im/lcr  the  lims  a/v  notdlslinct 
njorc  iJum  an  fyun,/reJ  paws 


'■■■4m^(mm 


hh  'l^'i 


^! 


1 


•1^ 


V  --si 


c;' 


I'. 


^ 

^ 


I 


during  the Jixth  Campaign  (?/AGRIGOLA.  17 

lias  been  ploughed  ;   there  is  one  large  tumulus  on  the  weft-fide, 
rifing  up  in  the  plain,  in  a  triangular  form  ;   two  of  the  fides 
are  equal  to  each  other,   extending  at  the  bafe  24  paces  each  ; 
the  other  is  one-third  larger,  being  36  ;  in  all,  its  circumference 
at  the  bafe  is  84.     This  is   evidently  artificial,   being  formed  en- 
tirely ot  gravel  brought  from  a  diiliance,  as  the  foil  is  all  around 
clayey.      This  tumulus  is  within  the  camp,  facing  the  weft  gate 
on  the  fouth-fide,  perhaps  an  hundred  paces  from  the  gate.      In 
a  ftraight  line  with  the  fecond  gate,  forward  on  the  fouth-fide, 
and  90  paces  without  the  gate,  is  another  tumulus  much  larger. 
It  is  moftly  compofed  of  fuch  ftones  as  are  generally  found  in 
cairns.      It  meafures  1 1  o  paces   in  circumference,  at   the  bafe. 
From   this  mound   a  caufeway  juts   out  fouthward  towards  the 
rivulet.     It    has  been  carried  on  for  60  paces,  is  10  paces  in 
breadth,  compofed  of  earth  and  ftones  ;   but  the  defign  has  not 
been  carried  on.     It  terminates  in  a  place  where  probably  there 
has  been  a  Druidical  Temple;  as  we  there  find  three  large  ftones, 
fallen  over,  in  the  order  and  of  the  fize   of  thofe  that   are  ge- 
nerally found  in  thefe  remains  of  heathen   antiquity.     This  tu^ 
mulus  is  vulgarly  called  "  The  Gentry-hillock."     A  little  way 
within  the  gate,  rather  towards  the  eaft,  you    find  the   bafe   of 
another   tumulus,  confifting  of  fuch  materials   as  the  one  laft- 
mentioned.     The  form  of  it  has  been  fomewhat  fquare.      Here 
I  perceived  one  ftone  that  feemed  to  have  been  hewn,  although 
1  could  not  be  abfolutely  certain.    It  receives  the  name  of  "  The 
**  King's  Houfe."     Had  not  this  been  fo  far  from  the  center  of 
the  camp,  one  might  have  thought  that  it  was  the  fite  of  the 
Pratorium.     There   is   ftill  another  tumulus  within   the   camp, 
fmaller  than  any  of  the  reft,  a  little  within  the  gate  on  the  eaft 
fide,  nearly  on  a  line  with  it.     In  fome  places  the  ditch  is  ftill 
very  deep,  from    the  bottom  of  the  ditch  to  the  top  of  the 

D  moft 


1 8       Remarks  on  the  Progrefs  of  the  Roman  Arms  in  Scotland, 

raoft  entire  rampart,  being  between  lo  and  12  feet  perpen- 
dicular. In  one  place  where  the  ditch  was  nearly  filled  up,  I 
meafured  both  the  ramparts  and  the  ditch,  and  found  that  they 
extended  between  14  and  15  paces. 

Parallel  to  the  two  ramparts,  a  few  paces  from  the  eaftern 
extremity  of  the  fouth  fide,  you  perceive  another  rampart, 
which,  after  running  a  little  way  further  eaftward  than  the  lines 
of  the  camp,  runs  fouth  ward  about  200  paces ;  then  turns 
weftward,  Avhere  you  lofe  it,  after  tracing  it  for  a  confiderable 
way  very  diftindlly.  It  feems  to  have  extended  120  paces  to 
the  weft,  by  the  tradt  that  is  difcernible  among  the  ridges. 
Whether  this  might  be  the  Ca7npus  Equittim  I  cannot  pretend  to 
fay;  only,  although  the  rampart  is  conftru6ted  with  ftones  and 
earth,  like  the  reft,  it  does  not  feem  to  have  been  ever  fo  ftrong, 
nor  are  there  any  remains  of  a  ditch  perceptible. 

From  the  fouth-euft  extremity  of  this  rampart  begins  what  I 
take  to  be  a  military  way  that  has  extended  between  the  camps 
of  Battle-dykes  and  Mviir  of  Lours.  Here  it  is  compofed  of  the 
fame  materials  that  are  to  be  found  every  where  elfe,  rough, 
wnpoliflied  ftones  (commonly  called  buUet-ftones)  and  earth. 
After  running  a  little  way  eaftward,  it  forms  a  fliarp  angle,  and 
turns  fuddeniy  down  to  the  rivulet  of  Lemno.  On  the  border 
of  this  Via  Militarise  on  a  height  immediately  above  the  rivulet, 
are  the  remains  of  what  would  feem  anciently  to  have  been  a 
fortification  or  military  ftation.  There  was  indeed  a  cottage  on 
this  fite,  inhabited  within  the  memory  of  man  ;  but  the  thick- 
nefs  of  the  walls,  and  the  different  courfes  of  them,  would  feem 
to  indicate,  that  it  had  in  former  times  been  more  than  a  fimple 
cottage,  efpecially  as  it  received  the  name  of  Stony-paths,  which 
would  almoft  aifure  us,  that  it  was  found  a  ruined  heap  before 
the  cottage  was  built.  From  the  very  brink  of  the  rivulet,  on 
4  the 


Flat/-  V.p.18 


during  thefixtb  Campaign  <?/AGRICOLA.  19 

the  fouth  fide,  you  perceive  a  broad  caufeway  of  irregular  flones, 
mounting  a  fteep  hill,  on  which  it  holds  a  ftraight  line  for  more 
than  a  quarter  of  a  mile.  This  road  has  indeed  been  covered, 
from  time  to  time,  with  heaps  of  ftones,  thrown  together  from 
the  adjacent  fields.  After  running  fo  far  in  a  ftraight  line,  it 
takes  a  winding  courfe  towards  the  eaft,  paffing  by  fome  forti- 
fications on  the  hill,  which  it  is  neceffary  a  little  to  defcribe. 

On  the  north  fide  of  this  hill,  which  is  called  the  hill  of  the 
Carjey  you  at  firft  obferve  a  large  rampart  with  a  ditch.  On 
going  further  to  the  weft,  you  diftin6lly  perceive  two  ramparts, 
and  in  fome  places  one  would  almoft  fuppofe  there  were  three. 
The  ditch  is  of  unequal  breadth,  in  Come  places  8,  in  others 
10,  and  in  other  places  12  paces  broad.  The  rampart  at  the 
bafe  is  about  4  yards  in  diameter,  at  an  average.  Aft?.r  pur- 
fuing  thefe  ramparts  for  about  half  a  mile,  you  lofe  them  alto- 
gether at  a  place  where  are  the  remains  of  fome  old  buildings. 
Thefe  ramparts  evidently  appear  to  have  been  raifed  at  the  fame 
time  with  the  camp  formerly  defcri  bed ;  but  it  doth  not  feem 
that  they  had  been  a  part  of  a  camp  ;  whether  they  have  been 
meant  as  lines  guarding  a  Roman  ftation  on  this  hill,  to  prevent 
it  from  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  and  thus  fhutting 
up  all  intercourfe  between  the. two  camps  before-mentioned,  as 
it  muft  effedlually  have  done,  I  cannot  prefume  to  fay,  but  muft 
leave  them  to  the  examination  of  more  learned  antiquaries.  Near 
thefe  lines,  about  a  year  ago,  was  found  the  head  of  a  Roman 
fpear.  This  I  have  never  feen,  as  it  was  loft  through  negligence; 
but,  from  the  defcription  given  of  the  metal  and  Iliape,  it  muft 
have  been  Roman. 

The  Via  Militaris  takes  its  courfe  round  thefe  lines  on  the  eaft, 
till  both  are  loft  in  a  field  lately  inclofed.  They  were  ploughed 
up  within  thefe   few  years,   and  the   ftones   of  the   caufeway 

D  2  taken 


2  o       Remarh  on  the  Progrefs  of  the  Roman  Arms  in  Scotland, 

taken  for  building  a. wall  round  the  field.  It  came  down  in  a 
ftraight  line,  paft  the  farm  of  Broom-knows,  on  the  eftate  of 
Carfe-bank.  Thence  it  takes  its  courfe  through  a  planting  of 
firs.  On  leaving  this,  it  croffes  the  highway  between  Brechin 
and  Forfar.  Here  it  alfo  croffes  a  ditch  and  rampart  caft  by  the 
Pi6fs  under  Feredith,  for  guarding  their  camp  againft  an  attack 
from  the  Scots  under  Alpin,  before  the  battle  of  Reftenet.  About 
half  a  mile  eaftward  from  the  Roman-way  in  this  place,  was 
found  a  fmall  Roman  fpear,  on  the  top  of  the  hill  of  Pitfcanley, 
now  in  the  poffeffion  of  the  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Buchan. 
The  Via,  after  croffing  the  Brechin  road,  is  very  difcernible  for 
near  an  Englilli  mile  in  a  Muir.  In  flioii,  it  is  to  be  found  in 
a  flra5ght  line  to  the  other  camp,  in  general  where  the  ground 
has  not  been  ploughed. 

The  camp  in  the  Muir  of  Lour  is  about  eight  Englifli  miles 
diftant  from  that  of  Battle-dykes.  It  is  vulgarly  called  Haer- 
fauds,  which  I  have  been  told,  either  in  the  Gaelic,  or  rather 
in  the  Teutonic,  fignifies  "  the  ditches,  trenches,  or  folds  of  the 
"  Grangers."  It  is  about  a  mile  north  from  the  Hynd  Caftle.  On 
the  north  and  fouth  fides  it  has  only  one  gate.  From  the  corner 
weftward  to  the  gate  it  meafures  1^62  paces,  the  fame  thence  to 
the  other  curve,  in  all  324.  To  the  firft  gate  on  the  fouth  fide 
(moving  from  north  to  fouth)  290  paces ;  thence  to  the  fecond  166 ; 
thence  to  the  extremity  270;  in  all  726.  There  is  a  kind  of 
fvvamp,  or  morafs,  between  the  north-weft  angle  and  the  firft  gate 
on  the  weft  fide,  where  it  doth  not  feem  that  the  lines  were  ever 
completed.  On  the  fouth-fide  there  is  fomething  that  refembles 
the  camp  of  the  horfe  ;  it  projects  in  the  fame  manner,  and 
exadly  in  the  fame  diredtion,  with  that  at  Battle-dykes.  It 
meafures  105  paces  on  the  weft,  the  fame  number  on  the  fouth ; 
but  the  eaft  fide  has  been  ploughed  up  j  however,  it  doth  not 

feem 


o 


o 

I— ( 

-^ 

C 
Oh 


o 


.§ 


's 


during  the  fix  tb  Campaign  o/AGRICOLA.  21 

feem  to  have  extended  any  further,  or  at  leaft  much  further, 
becaufe  the  end  of  the  fouth  rampart  is  nearly  on  a  line  with 
the  eaft  rampart  of  the  great  camp,  and  the  gate  is  exactly  in 
the  middle,  being  about  5  3  paces  from  each  of  the  extremities. 
Both  the  rampart  and  ditch  are  fmaller  in  this  than  thofe  of  the 
camp  adjoining. 

The  camp  of  Haerfauds  hath  only  one  rampart  and  ditch, 
and  it  does  not  appea-  ever  to  have  had  more,  as  the  ground  has 
never  been  ploughed,  except  part  of  that  on  the  eaft-fide ;  but 
the  rampart  is  broader  and  higher  than  any  of  thofe  at  Battle- 
dykes.  From  the  bottom  of  the  ditch,  in  its  prefent  ftate,  to 
the  top  of  the  rampart,  it  may  ftill  be  about  15  feet  perpen- 
dicular. I  was  told  by  a  perfon,  who  for  thirty  years  pad  has 
been  infpe6lor  of  that  Muir,  that  he  diftin6lly  recolleds  four 
large  mounds  that  were  exacftly  in  the  middle  of  the  camp,  \\\ 
a  ftraight  line  between  the  north  and  fouth  gates;  that  the 
mounds  were  at  a  little  diftance  from  each  other ;  and  that,  on 
the  removal  of  them,  becaufe  of  the  turfs  and  mofs  they  con- 
tained, there  were  no  ftones  found  in  them,  but  that  they  were 
entirely  formed  of  earth,  in  an  artificial  manner.  It  would 
feem  that  this  had  been  the  Pratorium. 

There  are  no  veftiges   of  the  Via  Militaris  immediately  near 
the  camp.      The  firft    place    where  I  have   obferved  it  is  nearly 
three  miles  to  the  north.      It   is  loft  wherever  the  ground  has 
been  broken  up,   although  very  diftindt  elfewhere.      Though  it 
is  very  evident  that  this  was  originally  a  Roman  camp,  tradition 
fays,  that  it  was  poffelTed   by  the   Picls  in  fome  of  their  wars 
with  the  Scots.     The  perfon  who  furveyed  it  with  me  declared,,, 
that,  when  the  mounds  before-mentioned  were  removed,  he  had 
feen  a  confiderable  number  of  pieces  of  old  flioes   among  the 
eaith,  and  that  they  were  all  fquare-toed,   which  would  feem  to 

confirm 


2  2       Remarks  on  the  Progrefs  of  the  Roman  Arms  in  Scotland, 

confirm  this  tradition,  as  we  cannot  fuppofe  them  to  have  be- 
longed to  the  Romans.  It  is  probable  they  were  left  on  the 
mounds,  and  in  a  courfe  of  ages  over-grown  with  mofs.  He 
alfo  laid,  that  the  remains  of  the  Scottifli  camp  were  on  a  hill 
about  a  mile  diftant,  which  I  have  not  yet  had  an  opportunity 
of  furveying.  If  this  tradition  is  well  founded,  it  would  feem 
to  refer  to  the  reign  of  Alj)in,  as  he  was  killed  at  no  great  dif- 
tance  from  this  place,   according  to  our  Scottifli  hiftorians. 

The  connexion  eftablifhed  between  the  two  camps  of  Battle- 
dykes  and  Haerfauds,  by  means  of  the  military  way  ftretching 
between  them,  difcovers  the  caution  and  judgement  with  which 
the  Romans  condu(Sted  themfelves  in  an  enemy's  country,  and 
efpecially  in  a  country  poffeffed  by  fuch  intrepid  and  impetuous 
enemies  as  the  Caledonians  ;  who,  unlefs  they  had  ufed  every 
precaution,  might  have  poured  down  their  hills,  like  a  torrent, 
and  carried  deltrudlion  before  them,  without  any  previous  warn- 
ing. Thefe  two  camps  thus  conne6led,  if  we  fliall  fuppofe  them 
pofleffed  at  the  fame  time,  fecured  to  them  the  whole  breadth  of 
the  Strath^  or  valley  of  Angus.  The  one  at  Battle-dykes,  Htu- 
ated  about  fix  miles  Englifh  from  the  foot  of  the  neareft  moua- 
tains,  commanded  fuch  an  extenfive  viev*^,  that  there  could  be 
no  defcent  from  the  mountains  by  day-light,  for  ten  or  a  dozen 
miles  in  front,  but  it  mull  have  been  perceived  by  every  man 
in  the  camp.  The  other,  at  Haerfauds,  about  7  or  8  miles 
from  the  fea,  guarded  the  other  fide  of  the  valley.  It  is  one 
plain  between  the  two  camps,  with  a  gentle  and  gradual  afcent 
to  the  fouthern  one,  except  where  the  carfe-hill  rifes  up  in  the 
valley,  and  intercepts  the  view.  But  we  may  fuppofe  the  forti- 
fications on  this  hill,  whatever  form  they  bore  in  their  complete 
flate,  as  defigned  to  prevent  any  inconvenience  arifing  from  the 
nature  of  this  high  ground,  as  an  intermediate  port  between  the 

two 


during  the  fix  th  Campaign  (y^AGRICOLA.  23 

two  camps,  compleating  and  preferving  the  line  of  communi- 
tation.  A  military  way  muft  have  been  peculiarly  neceffary 
and  exceeding"'-/  ufeful  in  a  country,  which,  then  in  its  uncul- 
tivated flate,  muft  have  been  almoft  one  continued  morafs ;  as  is 
evident  from  the  fenny  nature  of  the  foil,  and  the  multitude 
of  lakes  and  marflies  ftill  remaining.  Had  the  Romans  fuftained 
any  lofs  at  the  foot  of  the  Grampians,  they  would  immediately 
have  betaken  themfelves  acrofs  this  Via  Militaris  to  the  fouthern 
camp;  which,  among  its  other  advantages,  prefer ved  an  open 
intercourfe  with  their  fleet,  which  at  this  period  may  be  fup- 
pofed  to  have  been  moored  in  the  river  Tay,  at  fuch  a  fmall 
diftance  from  it.  From  the  hill  on  which  Hynd-Caftle  ftands, 
a  mile  fouth  from  the  camp,  they  would  have  a  full  view  of  the 
fea ;  of  their  fleet,  if  lying  near  the  mouth  of  the  river ;  and 
of  any  other  fliips  approaching  the  coaft,  long  before  they  could 
reach  it.  As  we  know  of  no  camp  between  Tay  and  thofe  of 
Battle-dykes  and  Haerfauds,  except  one  on  the  north  fide 
of  the  river,  at  the  confluence  of  Tay  and  Almond ;  and  as  it 
feems  almoft  certain  that  the  decifive  battle  between  Galgacus 
and  Agricola  was  not  fought  at  Galgachaw-Rofs-moor  near 
Comric,  where  Gordon,  in  his  Itinerarium,  places  it,  but  a  great 
way  farther  eaft,  it  is  moft  probable  that  Agricola,  inftead  of 
marching  dire(5tly  eaftward  by  the  foot  of  the  mountains,  firft 
vifited  his  fleet  at  the  mouth  of  the  Frith  of  Tay,  and  thence 
marched  towards  the  Muir  of  Lour ;  thence  to  Battle-dykes, 
onward  till  he  came  near  Stonehaven,  where  it  would  feem  the 
great  battle,  defcribed  by  Tacitus,  was  fought.  Or,  perhaps, 
we  may  rather  fuppofe  that  Agricola,  in  one  of  his  campaign=^j 
penetrated  no  further  than  the  Tay ;  and  that  he  began  another 
by  entering  that  part  of  the  country  now  called  Angus  ;  pro- 
ceeding gradually  till  he  amved  at  the  eaftern  exremity  of  the 
Grampian  mountains. 

.  Tacitus, 


3  4       Remarks  on  the  Progrejs  of  the  Roman  Arms  in  Scotland. 

Tacitus,  in  his  Life  of  Agricola,  informs  us,  "  that  in  the 
"  fixth  year  of  his  adminiftration,  when  he  was  exploring  the 
*'  large  communities  beyond  Badotria^  or  the  Frith  of  Forth,  by 
*'  means  of  his  fleet,  the  fame  camp  often  contained  foot,  horfe, 
*'  and  mariners;  that  he  was  attacked  in  his  camp,  had  the 
"  guards  flain,  and  the  trenches  entered  ;  and  that  in  the  very 
*'•  gates  of  the  camp  a  bloody  encounter  enfued,  till  the  enemy 
*'  was  quite  routed;  and  that  the  woods  and  marfhes  ferved  for 
*'  llielter  to  the  fugitives." 

There  are  feveral  circumftances  in  this  defcription,  which  evi- 
dently denote  that  Agricola  was  at  this  time  on  the  north,  or 
rather  the  eall:  fide  of  Tay,  and  which  tend  to  fliew  that  the 
final  vi(5lory  gained  by  him  over  Galgacus  was  towards  the 
eaftern  extremity  of  the  Grampian  mountains,  i.  By  the  ampla 
civitate  trans  Badotriam  Jita  cannot  be  underftood  the  country 
of  Fife  for  two  reafons  ;  Firfi,  becaufe  Badotria  fignifying  the 
Frith;  if  the  country  of  Fife  had  been  meant,  it  would  have 
been  more  proper  to  have  named  them  *'  the  cities  or  commu- 
*'  nities  fituated  upon  Badotria."  The  fecond  is,  that  he  in- 
forms us,  "  that  in  his  third  year  he  difcovered  new  people,  by 
"  continuing  his  devaftations  through  the  feveral  nations,  quite 
*'  to  the  mouth  of  the  Tay, — novas  gentes  aperuit^  vajiatis  ufque 
*'  ad  'Taum  (ajluario  nomen  eji)  rtationibus,'''  Now,  it  could  not 
be  faid  with  any  propriety  that  Agricola  in  his  fixth  year  made 
new  difcoveries  of  thofe  that  he  had  coafted  and  conquered  in  his 
third.  If  then,  it  is  not  Fife  that  is  meant,  we  muft  nnder- 
Itand  Tacitus  of  thofe  countries  now  called  Angus  and  Mearns, 
or  the  counties  of  Forfar  and  Kincardine.  2.  It  was  "  by 
«'  means  of  his  fleet,"  which  fliews,  that  in  his  expedition  he 
always  kept  an  open  communication  with  his  fleet.  3.  "  The 
*'  fame  camp  often  contained,  &c.   iijdem  cajfris  pedes  equejque  et 

nauticus 


during  the  fix  tb  Campaign  o/AGRICOLA.         -    35 

*<  nauticus  miles^  &c."  We  do  not  find  a  flngle  camp  weftward  oif 
that  in  the  Muir  of  Lour  to  which  this  description  can  apply 
with  equal  propriety.  4.  His  camp  was  forced — "  nocie  aggrejju 
*'  inter  fomnum  ac  trepidationem,  &c."  As  we  have  already  feen, 
that  we  muft  now  confider  him  as  on  the  north  of  Tav,  thia. 
part  of  the  hiftory  will  apply  to  all  ajjpearance  very  llrictly  to 
the  camp  at  Battle-dykes  ;  for,  not  to  \nC\\\  upon  the  name- 
given  it  by  tradition,  which  might  either  be  imaginary,  or 
might  arife  from  fome  event  of  a  much  later  date,  we  have 
there  found  two  cairns^  one  of  them  very  large,  the  one  within 
the  camp,  the  other  only  90  paces  without  the  gate,  in  every 
circumftance  refembling  thofe  v;herein  the  ancients  ufed  to 
inter  their  dead  flain  in  battle.  5.  Our  hiftorian  tells  us,  that 
"  the  woods  and  marfhes  ferved  for  Ihelter  to  the  fugitives.'* 
That  Angus  is  perhaps,  even  in  its  cultivated  ftate,  the  moft 
marfliy  part  of  Scotland,  is  known  to  all  who  have  paffecl' 
through  it ;  and  that  the  greateft  part  of  Britain  W'as  at  that 
time  covered  with  wood,  is  ftill  better  known.  Even  within 
two  or  three  centuries,  there  was  a  prodigious  track  of  wood  for 
many  miles  w-eft  from  the  camp  of  Battle-dykes  ;  the  fcite  of 
which  ftill  retains  the  name  of  the  Foreft-muir. 

From  the  manner  in  which  Tacitus  WTites,  he  gives  us  reafon 
to  think  that  Agricola  '*  fixed  his  winter-quarters  in  this  part 
*'  of  the  country, — and  that  in  the  beginning  of  the  fummer 
*'  he  fent  forward  the  navy,  which,  by  committing  devaftations 
*'  in  feveral  places,  would  not  fail  to  fpread  terror ; — put'ing 
*'  himfelf  at  the  head  of  his  army  lightly  equipped;  and  thus 
*'  that  he  arrived  at  the  foot  of  the  Grampian  hills."  Had  the 
final  battle  been  fought  near  Comric,  where  thefe  hills  are  at 
fuch  a  dirtance  from  the  fea,  all  the  parading  of  a  fleet,  and  all 
the  defolation  accompliflied  by    it,  would  have  had  little  or  no 

E  effca: 


a'6      'Refnarh  on  the  Progrefs  of  the  Roman  Arms  in  Scotland* 

icffeft  upon  the  Caledonians  lituated  upwards  of  40  miles  from 
it.  We  murt  therefore  feek.  for  a  place  where  the  encampment 
of  the  Caledonians  upon  the  Grampian  hills  was  at  no  great 
■dirtance  from  the  fea;  and  where  fliall  we  find  this,  but  where 
thefe  mountains  may  be  faid  to  bathe  themfelves  in  its  waves,  at 
their  eartern  extremity  ? 

We  fhall  only  add  one  circumflance  more,  in  confirmation  of 
the  foregoing  hypothefis,  which  is,  the  difcovery  that  has  lately 
been  made  of  Roman  granaries  under  ground,  upon  the  eftate 
of  colonel  Duncan  of  Lundie,  a  few  miles  north-eaft  from 
Dundee;  which  makes  it  highly  probable  that  Agricola  fixed  his 
winter-quarters  near  this  place, 

5«'V'^  It  ought  to  be  obferved,  that  the  earl  of  Buchan,  in  calling 
the  attention  of  different  gentlemen  to  the  antiquities  above-de- 
fcribed,  ftudioufly  avoided  prejudicing  them  by  his  own  oi:)inions 
concerning  them,  which  fufficiently  apologifes  for  the  repe- 
tition of  the  fame  fentiments  and  the  fame  quotations  from 
Tacitus's  Life  of  Agricola  in  fupport  of  them.  This  feems  to 
be  the  honeft  and  fatisfadtory  mode  of  expifcating  the  antiquities 
of  any  country,  and  it  is  to  l>e  hoped  it  will  be  followed  in  ali 
enquiries  of  a  fimilar  nature^ 


B  I  B  L  I  O  T  H  E  C  A 

TOPOGRAPHICA 

BRITANNIC     A, 

N"  XXXVII. 


CO  K  TA  I  N  I  N  G 


Mr,  G  I  F  F  O  R  D's   Historical  Description  of 
ZETLAND. 


[Prlee  Six  Shillings.  3 


AMONG  the  various  Labours  of  Literary  Men,  there  have  always 
,.  beea,6crtaiu  Fragiiients  whofe  Size  could  not.fecure  them  a  geiieral 
r/xeiBptioii  from  the  Wreck  of  Tune,  which  their  intrinfic  Merit  eutitled 
them  to  furvive  ;  but,  having  been  gathered  up  by  the  Curious,  or  thrown 
into  Milc.cllaneous  Colle(5lions  by  Booklellers,  they  have  been  recalled  into- 
Exiftence,  and  by  uniting  together^ave  defended  themfeFves  from  Oblivion. 
Original  Pieces  have  been  called  in  to  their  Aid,  and  formed  a  Phalanx  that 
might  witljiland  every  Attack  from  the  Critic  to  the  Cheefemonger,  and 
CQHtfibuted  to  the  Ornament  as  well  as  Value  of  Libraries, 

With  a  firailar  view  it  Is  here  intended  to  prefent  the  Publick  with  fome 
valuable  Articles  of  British  Topography,  from  printed  Books  and  MSS. 
One  Part  of  this  Colledion  will  confifl  of  Re-publlcations  of  fcarce  and  va- 
rious Traifls ;  another  of  fuch  MS.  Papers  as  the  Editors  are  already 
poflefled  of,  or  may  receive  from  their  Friends. 

It  is  therefore  propoled  to  publifh  a  Number  occafionally,  not  confined 
to  the  fame  Price  or  Quantity  of  Sheets,  nor  always  adorned  with  Cuts; 
but  paged  in  fuch  a  Manner,  that  the  general  Articles,  or  thofe  belonging 
to  the  refpeftive  Counties,  may  form  a  feparate  Succeflion,  if  there  fhould 
be  enough  publilhed,  to  bind  in  fuitable  Clafles ;  and  each  Tra£l  will  be 
completed  in  a  fingle  Number. 

Into  this  Colle£tion  all  Communications  confident  with  the  Plan  will 
be  received  with  Thanks.  And  as  no  Correfpondent  will  be  denied  the 
Privilege  of  controverting  the  Opinions  of  another,  fo  none  will  be  denied 
Admittance  without  a  fair  and  impartial  Reafon. 


***  This  Number  contains  only  One  Plate,  the  Map  of  the  Zetland  Islands, 

which  is  to  face  the  Title. 


A    N 


HISTORICAL 


DESCRIPTION 


O  F    T  H  E 


ZETLAND   ISLANDS. 


By    THOMAS    G  I  F  F  O  R  D,    Efq; 


LONDON, 

PRINTED    BY    AND     FOR     J.     NICHOLS, 

PRINTER    TO    THE   SOCIETY    OF    ANTIQUARIES. 

MDCCLXXXVI, 


E  ^  1 


PREFACE. 


ij. 


THE  defciiption  of  ZETLAND,Ue]:-e  offered  to  the  public  was 
wiitten  by  Thomas  GiiFord  of  Bufta,  efquire,  1733,  iii 
173  pages  4to,  to  which  was  prefixed  a  drawing  of  the  main 
land  with  the  iflands  thereto  belonging.  The  original  MS,  is  111 
the  hands  of  the  author's  family.  A  copy  of  it  was  prefented  to 
the  Earl  of  Morton  when  prefident  of  the  Royal  Society,  written 
and  figned  by  Mr.  Giffbrd,  and  ftill  remains  in  the  noble  family 
library.  Copies  were  given  by  the  author  to  other  perfons  ; 
and  a  tranfcript  from  one  of  them  falling  into  the  hands  of  Mr, 
George  Paton  of  Edinburgh ',  was,  with  the  fpirit  of  liberal  com- 
munication which  fo  emmently  marks  his  charader,  imparted  to 
the  editor  of  the  Bibliotheca  Britannica  Topographica. 

The  firfl  defcription  we  have  in  print  of  this  ifland,  or  rather 
collection  of  thirty-three  inhabited  iflands,  feems  to  have  been. 
included  in  "  England's  Improvement  revived,  digefted  into  fix 
books,  by  captain  John  Smith,  1670%"  410.  The  firft  five 
books  of  this  work  treat  of  the  improvements  that  -might  be 
made  in  planting  and  raifing  timber ;  and  the  fixth  was  printed 
firft  by  itfelf,  1662.   The  author  being  apprentice  ^^^fy^^hj^^/l^thew 

•  Britiih  Topography,  vol.11,  p.  730. 
This  feems  to  be  the  fame  mentioned  in  the  lift  prefixed  to  Gibfon's  CamJen. 

a  3  Cradock, 


vi  PREFACE. 

Cradock,  of  London,  merchant,  one  of  the  fociety  for  the  fifli- 
iiig  trade  of  Great  Britain,  was  fent  to  fea  by  the  Earl  of  Pem- 
broke, and  his  alTociates,  for  the  difcovery  of  the  ifland  of 
Sbetlandy  the  manner  and  way  of  trading,  the  profits  and  cuf- 
toms  thereof,  the  fetthng  a  ftaple  building  of  florehoufes,  view- 
ing the  ground  on  fliore  for  landing  and  drying  of  nets,  m.aking 
;ind  drying  of  filh,  and  building  of  blockhoufes  for  the  fecurity 
of  trade.  He  fuiled  from  Gravefend  April  27,  1633,  was  forced 
by  foul  weather  into  Harwich,  and  detained  there  till  the  30th. 
The  wind  not  favouring,  he  anchored  in  Yarmouth  Road,  and 
there  going  on  fliore,  learnt  that  the  Hollanders'  buffes  did  drive 
at  fea  for  herrings  on  that  coaft,  and  that  from  the  Holms  before 
Yarmouth  to  Booknels  [Buchannefs]  in  Scotland,  N.  N.  E.  is  96 
leagues,  and  from  Booknefs  to  the  fouth  end  of  Shetland,  N. 
and  by  £.  about  53  leagues.  May  5,  he  failed  from  Yarmouth, 
and  by  ftrefs  of  wind  Was  forced  into  Scarbrongh,  and  there 
going  on  Ihore,  was  informed  of  the  Hollanders'  bufles  fifliing 
on  that  coaft,  and  that  from  Scarbrough  northward  toward  Cat- 
ncfs,  in  45  fathom,  or  thereabouts,  in  that  fair  way  are  ufuaTly 
the  firft  fummer  herrings  caught.  From  Scarbrough  he  failed 
and  came  to  an  anchor  before  Leith  in  Scotland,  May  1 3,  where 
going  on  fliore,  and  from  thence  to  Edinburgh,  he  delivered  his 
letters  to  Mr.  William  Dicks,  Wlio  was  at  that  time  governor  of 
the  '  ifland  of  Shetland,  and  did  receive  the  revenue  of  thofe 
iflands.  Having  received  inftrudions  and  letters  from  Mr.  Dicks 
to  Mr,  James  Scot,  who  lived  at  the  time  in  the  north  parts  of 
the  illand  of  Shetland,  and  was  agent  or  deputy  to  the  faid 
William  Dicks,  he  failed  from  Leith,  and  came'  to  anchbf  at 
Caften  in  the  ifland  of  Orkney,  May- 2^.-  Thefe  iflands' he 
briefly  defcribes,  adding,  that  thofe  of  Faro  lye  from  Shetland 
wefterly,  about  ^S  leagues.  ■•"-"  --'-'  --"  ^^  '^^  ..^.jUiii:. 

^  The 


PREFACE.  vii 

The  fouth  part  of  Shetland  lyeth  about  thirty  leagues  noitli- 
ward  from  the  faid  ifland  called  Mala?id.  He  failed  from  Caften 
and  came  to  an  anchor  by  Sundbroug-head,  the  fouth  part  of 
Shetland,  June  3,  and  going  afliore  fpake  with  the  good  man 
of  ^andale,  one  of  the  chief  of  thole  parts,  who  with  other 
of  the  inhabitants  informed  him  of  their  manner  of  trading 
with  the  Hamburghers  and  others,  and  of  the  Hollanders  fifliing 
for  herrings  on  that  coaft,  and  of  their  dogger  boats  that  fiili 
only  for  ling  and  cod.  He  next  anchored  in  Bracey  [BralTa] 
Soundy  otherwife  called  Broad  Soundy  a  very  gallant  harbour, 
where  many  fliips  may  lie  land-lockt  for  all  winds.  After  in- 
forming himfelf  of  the  trade  and  fillieries  carried  on  there,  he 
next  vifited  Evey  Sounds  the  northernmoft  found  in  Shetland, 
June  12,  and  there  going  on  fliore  continued  about  11  or  12 
months,  and  in  that  time  travelled  the  greateft  part  of  the  ifland 
by  fea  and  land. 

"  The  land  of  Shetland  lyeth  N.  and  by  E.  and  S.  or  S.  and  N. 
about  60  miles.  But  there  are  many  iflands  belonging  to  Shet- 
land. That  which  is  moft  conliderable  are  the  founds  and  harbours. 
On  the  weft  fide  of  the  fouthward  point  of  Shetland  is  a  good 
harbour  and  found,  called  St.  Magnus ^  and  on  the  eaft  fide  near 
Simbrough-head  is  a  fair  fand-bay,  where  there  is  good  anchor- 
ing in  10  or  12  fathom.  To  the  northward  of  this  laft  found 
is  another  found  called  Hambroiigh  baven^  which  is  a  lade-2:)lace 
for  the  Hamburghers  and  Scotch.  About  9  or  10  leagues  from 
the  fouthward  part  of  Shetland  there  is  a  channel  that  runneth 
through  the  land  ;  the  fouth  part  of  the  land  divided  by  the 
channel  is  called  Swanberg.,  the  other  part  fo  divided  on  the  north 
part  Laxford.  Within  the  channel  aforefaid  are  feveral  founds 
or  harbours,  but  the  beft  and  chiefeft  found  in  Shetland  is  Braes 
Sound  or  Broad  Sound,  as  before-mentioned.     Out  of  this  found 

the 


VIU 


PREFACE. 


the  aforefaid  channel  doth  run  northward.  On  the  north  part  of 
Swanbergh  lieth  the  high  hill  of  Hangrix,  from  which,  about 
9  leagues  northward,  He  fome  out  rocks,  called  tie  Stars.  To 
the  northward  of  thefe  is  a  very  good  harbour,  called  Bloom 
Sound ;  north  of  this  is  another  good  haven,  called  Hue  Sounds 
being  the  northern  or  north-eaft  found  or  haven  belonging 
to  the  iiland  called  Ounjl.  There  are  other  havens  or  founds 
which  lye  through  the  land  between  and  about  that  part  of  Shet- 
land called  Laxford,  and  the  ifland  called  jello.  There  are  alfo 
other  iflands  and  founds,  which  for  brevity  fake  I  forbear  to 
mention. 

"  The  merchants  which  trade  with  the  inhabitants  of  Shetland 
are  Hamburghers,  Bremers,  Luberghers,  Scots,  and  Englifli.  The 
chief  merchants  of  the  iiland  are  Scots,  the  meaner  and  inferior 
forts  are  a  mixt  people  of  Danes  and  Scots.  The  iflands  of  Shet- 
land, as  I  have  been  informed,  were  given  to  king  James  of 
blefled  memory,  by  the  king  of  Denmark,  with  queen  Anne,  in 
part  of  her  dov/ry.  The  commodity  of  Shetland,  which  the 
merchants  do  for  the  molt  part  trade  with  them  is  ling  and  cod, 
^vliich  tliey  take  with  hooks  and  lines  in  fmall  boats  called  ^>'^a'/f, 
at)Out  the  beginning  o(  Gravcfend  ocean.  The  ling  they  fell 
Jbr  three  pence  a  pound,  being  a  ling  of  the  larger  fize,  and  called 
a  pild  liriQ' ;  if  fmaller,  we  have  two  for  one,  or  three  for  two, 
/and  fo  proportionable.  The  cod  is  fold  for  two  pence  the  ^77<iro^, 
and '  is  meafured  as  the  ling.  I  bought  of  lifliermen  mer- 
chants of  the  ifland  of  Ounft,  1 1655  gild  ling,  and  834  gild  cod, 
lit  three  pence  the  gild  ling,  and  two  pence  the  gild  cod,  which 
ling  and  cod  were  taken  by  the  faid  fifliermen  at  feveral  times 
in  the  fmall  boats,  and  brought  to  my  booth  or  place  of  abode 
every  morning  as  they  were  caught.  The  faid  ling  and  cod  being 
very  good  and  merchantable,  were  flilted  on  board  the  fliip  that 

landed 


PREFACE.  ix 

landed  me,  and  within  feven  weeks  after  my  landing,  I  Tent  her 
for  London  with  the  faid  fifli  to  the  earl  of  Pembroke.  There  arc 
aUb  other  fmall  filli,  which  the  inhabitants  do  catch  with  atigles, 
fitting  in  the  rocks  and  in  their  fmall  boats  with  hooks  and  lines 
in  the  foundings  and  between  the  iflands ;  and  thefe  fmall  fifli 
are  very  confiderable,  for  though  they  cannot  fpend  them  by 
reafon  of  the  multitude  which  they  take,  and  have  not  induitry 
to  make  ufe  of  them  for  tranfportation  ;  yet  the  livers  they 
preferve,  and  with  the  livers  of  the  ling  and  cod  make  train  oil ; 
but  if  it  w^ere  improved  as  taking  them  with  nets,  the  train  oil 
would  amount  to  a  confiderable  fum  ;  and  if  this  meafure  of 
trade  w^ere  carried  through  the  whole  ifland,  it  w^ould  be  a  great 
encouragement  to  all  merchants  trading  into  thofe  parts.  Several 
other  merchants  in  the  ifland  where  I  inhabited  bought  ling 
and  cod  of  the  filliermen,  fo  that  the  quantity  which  1  fent  for 
England  was  not  above  the  fifth  part  taken  in  that  iHand,  which 
with  the  whole  quantity  of  fifh  bought  by  other  merchant^ 
throughout  the  whole  ifland  of  Shetland  being  added  to  them 
would  amount  to  a  very  confiderable  fum,  or  quantity  to  the 
lading  of  many  velTels,  which  might  be  much  more  improved 
and  increafe  trade,  and  thereby  furnifli  the  inhabitants  with 
money  and  commodities. 

In  the  ifland  of  Shetland  were  beeves  and  flieep,  fold  at  a  very 
reafonable  rate.  I  bought  for  my  own  ufe  in  vi6tualling  the  fiiip 
fent  to  London  three  oxen  for  three  pounds ;  and  at  another  time, 
four  for  five  pounds,  which  were  fat,  and  about  the  bignefs  of 
the  fmaller  fort  of  cattle  which  we  have  in  England.  There 
were  alfo  fat  Ihcep  fold  for  two  fliillings,  and  two  fliillings  and 
fix-pence  per  flieep.  There  were  alfo  other  creatures  for  food, 
as  coiiies  and  fowl.  The  fuel  or  firing  is  peat  and  turf.  There 
may    be  fait  pans  fet  up,   and  good  fait  made  to  ferve  all  the 

c  fifhing 


X  PREFACE. 

filliing  fleet.  There  are  very  gootl  fliorcs  for  landing  and  dry- 
ing of  nets,  and  making  and  drying  of  firti.  There  is  no  night 
in  the  north  of  Shetland  part  of  two  months  in  the  year,  as 
June  and  July. 

In  an  iiland  north  of  Ounft,  >eing  not  inhabited,  but  flocked 
with  wild  cows  and  conies,  I  killed. with  my  birding  pieces 
ten  couple  cff  coneys  in  one  nighty  from  fun-fet  to  fun-hfe,  and 
it  was  as  light  as  a  cloudy  winter.  I  do  not  remember  any  froll 
or  fnow  in  Shetland;  if  any,  it  was  not  of  long  continuance. 
The  coldelt  weather  is  by  reafoh  of  great  winds  in  the  winter 
quarter,  the  wind  blowing  fo  violent,  that  no  fliip  dare  look 
qn  the  north  coaft,  fo  that  the  people  of  thofe  iilands  have  iirtle 
communication  with  other  nations  in  that  quarter.  I  can  fpeak 
by  experience  :  being  blown  down  flat  to  the  ground  by  the 
violence  of  the  wind,  I  was  forced  to  creep  on  hands  and  knees  to 
the  next  wall,  and  going  by  the  wall,  got  into  an  houfe,  or  elfe 
muft  have  flood  by  the  wall  till  the  violence  of  the  wind  were 
over.  Sometimes  it  lafled  half  a  day  or  more.  There  are 
feveral  towns  in  Shetland  fo  called,  having  about  eight  or  ten 
houfes  together,  where  they  plow  and  fow  corn,  as  oats,  which  is 
their  chiefeft  bread  ;  and  if  my  memory  do  not  much  deceive  me, 
there  was  good  barley  growing  in  my  time;  but  the  land  might 
be  much  improved  if  the  inhabitants  were  induflrious.  They 
are  like  the  idle  Irifli,  not  improving  any  thing  either  by  fea  or 
land,  fpcnding  that  in  winter  which  they  get  in  fummcr,  though, 
their  winter  might  be  very  profitable  to  them,  if  they  were  la- 
borious and  indultrious  as  the  Hollanders. 

The  goods  and  commodities  that  are  vendible  in  Shetland  are 

hooks  and  lines  for  taking  ling  and  cod,  nets  for  taking  herrings, 

flrong  beer,  bifcuit,  wheaten  meal,  fait,   peas,  fruits  of  all  iorts, 

ftrong  water,  Monmouth  caps,  and  many  other  pai'ticulars.    The 

7  inhabitants 


PREFACE.  «i 

inhabitants  of  Ounft  ufually  have  a  bark  that  they  trade  with 
to  Norway,  where  they  may  buy  timber  for  hoiifes  ready  framed, 
deal  boards,  tar,  Ihips,  barks  and  boats  of  all  forts,  and  other 
neceffaries  for  their  u{c.  With  thefe  fmall  iiQiing  boats,  called 
yawls,  they  will  row  into  the  main  about  two  or  three  leagues, 
where  the  banks  are,  on  which  they  lay  their  hooks  and  lines 
for  ling  and  cod.  In  one  of  thefe  boats,  rowing  with  two  men, 
and  fometimes  four,  according  to  the  largenefs  of  the  boat,  they 
ufually  bring  to  fliore  every  morning  that  they  go  to  fea  about 
fifty  or  fixty  ling  and  cod.  There  are  many  barrels  of  herrings 
taken  by  the  iuhabitants  with  their  fmall  boats  in  the  Sound  and 
at  fea,  not  far  from  land,  which  are  the  gleanings  of  the  Hol- 
landers bufTes,  for  the  buffes  driving  at  fea  break  the  fcull  or 
flioal  of  herrings,  and  then  the  herrings  flee  near  the  fliore  and 
through  the  Sound,  where  thefe  fmall  boats  with  thofe  nets 
they  have  take  them,  but  if  they  had  better  tackle  and  boats 
they  might  take  500  barrels  for  one,  which  would  much  inricli 
the  iiland,  and  by  increafmg  trade  augment  his  majefly's  re- 
venue." 

Thus  far  Captain  Smith. 

The  relult  of  his  obfervations  was  a  plan  for  England  to  fit 
out  a  fleet  of  bufles  for  the  fifliing  trade  here,  and  exclude  all 
foreigners  from  fifliing  and  trading  in  the  iflands  of  Orkney  and 
Shetland. 

The  next  authentic  account  of  thefe  iflands  v/as  given  by  Mr; 
Thomas  Preflon,  in  two  letters  to  Mr.  Jofeph  Ames,  dated  Jan. 
31,  1743-4,  printed  in  the  Philofophical  Tranfadions,  N°473, 
p.  57.  which,  as  it  follows  Mr.  Giffbrd  very  clofe  in  point  of 
time,   we  fhall  give  at  large  in  the  Appendix. 

A  defcription  of  the  iflands  of  Orkney  and  Zetland  was  ad- 
vertifed  in  the  Edinburgh  Evening  Courant,  of  Aiiguft  24, 177 1,  as 

c  a  preparing 


•xii  PREFACE." 

preparing  for  the  prefs,  to  give  "  an  account  of  their  fiHieries, 
"  commerce,  manufadures,  natural  curiofities,  antiquities,  plants, 
**  minerals,  ftate  of  agriculture,  number  of  inhabitants,  public 
"  buildings,  &c.  from  the  earlieft  account  of  thefe  iilands  to  the 
*-'  prefent  times."  Such  gentlemen  as  had  any  thing  to  commu- 
nicate concerning  them,  which  is  not  mentioned  by  Wallace  or 
Mackenzie,  were  defired  to  tranfmit  their  materi.ils  to  A. 
Donaldfon,  bookfeller  in  Edinburgh,  or  to  William  Coke,  book- 
feller  in  Leith,  who  was  then  at  Kirkwall  in  Orkney ;  but  of 
this  defign  nothing  furtlier  has  tranfpired,  and  it  feems  rather 
to  be  laid  alide. 

-  "  The  defcription  of  the  ifles  of  Orkney  and  Zetland  with  the 
*'  mapps  of  them,  done  from  the  accurate  obfervations  of  the 
*'  moil  learned  who  lived  in  thofe  ifles,"  publiflied  by  Sir  Robert 
.Sibbald,.  Ed.  171 1.  fol.  feems  to  be  taken  from  various  accounts-.. 
Captain  Smith  is  cited  in  it.  John  Bruce,  of  Simbifter,  furveyed 
all  the  coaft  of  Shetland,  and  "  made  a  large  map  of  all  the  FoeSy 
i.  e.  bays  and  founds,  and  the  entries  to  them,  and  marked  the 
meaths  in  them,  and  fliowen  where  dangers  are,  and  how  they 
are  to  be  avoided;  and  refolved  as  foon  as  he  goes  home  to  take 
a  more  exadf  furvey  of  all  again,  and  to  mifs  no  bank,  rock,  nor 
fliallow."  This  defcription  is  divided  into  twelve  chapters  ',  in 
the  lafl:  of  which  thefe  iflands  are  fupj)ofed  to  be  the  Thule  men- 
tioned by  Tacitus,  on  which  idea,  in  which  Hcdlor  Ba<^us  anti- 
cipated him,  Sir  Robert  wrote  a  fuller  difTertation,  firlf  printed  at 
.the  end  of  Wallace's  defcription  of  Orkney,  1693.  1700;  and 
in  bifhop  Gibfon's  firft  and  fucceeding  editions  of  Camden's 
Britannia. 

'  Birtiop  Nicolfon,  in  his  Scotti(h  Hiflorical  Library,  p.  ^^^  gives  a  different 
enumeration  of  the  chapters  of  this  worky  which  would  lead  one  to  fufpt^l  he 
2i?4  feen  a  different  work..  ■;aa;j. 

i.   ■^'  John 


PREFACE.  xiii 

John  Brand's  "  new  defcription  of  Orkney,  Zetland,  Pightland- 
*'  firth,  and  Caiihnefs,  Edinburgh,  1703,"  8vo.  profelfes  to  give 
*'  a  particular  view  of  the  feveral  iflands  thereto  belonging,  to- 
"  gether  with  an  account  of  what  is  moft  rare  and  remarkable 
*'  therein."  But  as  he  was  an  itinerant  miffionary  preacher,  he 
has  inferted  all  the  legendary  ftories  '  fo  roundly  believed  by 
the  common  people,  and  converted  every  uncommon  fifli  into- 
an  evil  fpirit  \  He  fpeaks  highly  of  the  civility  and  hofpitality 
of  the  people,  and  their  attention  to  religion,  where  they  had 
an  opportunity  of  hearing  fermons,  but  laments  the  vrant  of 
fchoals,  particularly  a  Latin  one.  His  defcription  of  Zetland 
takes  up  ahout  70  pages. 

Among  Macfarlane's  MS.  Colledions  now  in  the  Advocates' 
Library  at  Edinburgh  is  a  general  geographical  defcription  of 
Zetland,  by  Mr.  Hugh  Leigh,   minifter  of  Braffie  and  Euro  ^ 

Mr.  Wallace  promifed  a  full  defcription  of  the  weftern  iflands, 
Shetland,  and  thofe  in  Edinburgh  Frith,  by  his  father,  with, 
mans  of  the  molt  confiderable  '*. 

Mr.  Martin,  at  the  end  of  his  defcription  of  the  weftern  ifles 
of  Scotland,  1697,  1703,  and  ,1716,  gives  a  fliort  account  of 
Scbetland  or  Zetland\  but  this  is  only  an  abridgement  of  Mr. 
Wallace's.  Martin  never  was  there  ;  and  Brand  fupplies  many 
defe6^s  in  Wallace  ;  yet  both  of  them  are  far  fronT  being  fnll,. 
accurate,  or  entertaining,  fiiys  Mr.  Toland  in  his  MS.  ncjtes  on 
Martin's  book.  "  I  fhall  fay  nothing  here,"  continues  he,  *'  of  thofe 
two  clufters  of  iflands ;  but  though  I  am  perfuaded  Iceland  to 
have  been   the  true  I'hule  of  the  ancients,  yet  that  feen  by  the 

'  Spirit  ^roit'ne)' appears  to  be  as  much  the  Genius  of  thcfe  iflands  as  of  Corni 
wail,  and  had  his  fliare  of  every  dain',  harveft,  or  brewery. 
See  p.  1 1  3 — I  \z,. 
*  Brit.  Top*  Tol.  il.  p.  729.  •  lb.  730. 

Romaiii 


xiv  PREFACE.' 

Oman  fleet  when  it  failed  round  Britain  in  Veipafian*s  time  wa 
HETLAND.     The  words  of  Tacitus  are,  DiJ'pe5ia  ejl  et   Thule 
quam  haBeniis  nix  et  hiems  abdebat  '.     This  palTage  juft  follows 
his  mention  of  the  difcovery  of  the   Orcades,  fo   that  nothing 
can  be  plainer,  the  fliips  having  failed  between  them." 

From  Brand  and  Wallace  was  compiled  the  account  of  Zet- 
land in  the  "  Syftem  of  Geography,"  1741,  382  ;  and  the  Tours 
through  Great  Britain  have  drawn  from  the  fame  fource. 

The  "  Voyages  to  Shetland,  the  Orkneys,  and  VVeftern  Ides," 
printed  1753,  8vo.  is  a  meagre  compilation  to  favour  the  herring 
fifhery  juft  then  eftabliflied :  and  of  the  fame  ftamp  is  the 
*'  exait  and  authentic  account  of  the  greateft  white- herring 
iifliery  in  Scotland,  carried  on  yearly  in  the  illand  of  Zetland  by 
the  Dvitch  only,  1750,""  8vo. 

To  complete  the  Topography  of  the  Northern  parts  of  the 
kingdom,  Mr,  Pennant  fupported  the  Rev.  Mr.  George  Low, 
minit^er  of  Barfa,  Orkney,  in  a  voyage  through  the  Orkney 
and  Zetland  Ifles.  He  tranfmitted  to  him  the  MS.  account  of 
his  voyage,  which  is  executed  in  a  very  fatisfadtory  manner. 
He  enters  largely  into  the  ftate  of  the  fiflieries  and  commercial 
concerns  of  the  iQands,  and  gives  a  very  good  account  of  their 
antiquities.  Mr.  Pennant  means  to  complete  the  voyages  of  our 
iflands,  by  publifliing,  at  his  own  expence,  this  work  of  Mr. 
Low,  and  fliould  any  profits  arife,  dedicate  them  to  his  benefit. 

The  oldeft  map  of  Orkney  and  Zetland  is  that  by  Timothy  Pont. 

One  captain  Weft,  who  about  1730  or  1734,  ^^^^  wrecked 
on  the  coaft  of  Shetland,  and  lived  there  fome  time,  made  a  map 
or  chart  of  it ;  but,  befides  that  it  was  very  imperfedl  and  bor- 
rowed from  Dutch  charts,  it  docs  not  appear  to  have  been  en- 
graved. 


•  Vit.  A.c:r. 


o' 


Captain 


PREFACE.  XV 

Captain  Prefton,  beforementioned,  made  a  new  furvey  in  1743 
and  1744.  The  places  where  he  was  are  exa6lly  laid  down; 
but  in  thole  copied  from  former  charts  the  miftakes  are  retained. 
This  chart  has  many  marginal  notes,  and  is  fold  by  Mount  and 
Page  on  Tower- hill. 

From  the  fcanty  and  imperfedt  accounts  hitherto  given  of  this 
clufter  of  iflands  dependant  on  the  Britifli  crown,  which  Mr. 
Camden  '  before  the  Union  thought  no  better  in  point  of  fituation- 
and  advantages  than  Iceland  and  its  inhabitants,  a  parcel  cf 
frozen  Ichthypophagi,  it  is  no  unfair  prefumption  that  a  more 
minute  detail,  written  by  a  native  and  relident  little  more  than 
50  years  ago  (fo  flowly  does  knowledge  and  information  travel) 
would  not  be  unacceptable,  at  a  time  when  the  British  Fishep.ies 
are  become  fo  much  the  objedt  of  public  attention  *. 

"  Scbet/andia, qux  nonnuUh  Hefhlandia,  efl:  infiila  aliis  exiguis  coronatafub  imperio 
Scotoium  frigore  obyigem  ct  undiqju procellis  expofita,  ciijus  incolis  perinde  ut  IJlanditt: 
pifcis  exficcatus  et  contufus  pro  fnrre  eft.      Britannia,  p.  850.  Ed.  1607. 

*  Sec  Mr.  James  Anderfon's  "  Account  of  the  Prefent  State  of  the  Hebrides  and 
Wiftern  coafts  of  Scotland,"  juft  publilhcd,  in  8vo. 


TABLE 


C     xvi     ] 


TABLE     OF     CHAPTERS. 


Chap.  Page 

I.  Containing  a  geographical  defcription  of  the  Ifles  of  Zetland  in 

1733  ;  its  extent  and  divifions  into  parifhes.  I 

II.  Of  the  firfl:  inhabitants  of  Zetland,  and  its  name.  20 

III.  A  defcription  of  the  air,  foil,  and  product  of  Zetland.  23 

IV.  Of  the  manners,  larhguage,  and  religion.  30 
V.  Of  the  Government  of  Zetland,  ancient  and  modern.  37 

"VI.  Of  the  ancient  and  modern  way  of  tranimitting  property  in  Zetland.  54 
VII.  Of  the  feveral  denominations  of  the  crown  rent  of  Zetland;  their 

original,  and  how  paid.  62 

APPENDIX. 

Spynic's   Charter  granted   to  the  Heritors  of  Zetland  upon  their 
Udell  lands.  6(f 

Spynic's  Few  Charter  granted  to  the  fewcrs  of  the  crown-land  in 

Zetland.  7« 

The  Queen's  gift  of  the  IQands  of  Orkney  and  Zetland  to  the 

Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Morton.  75 

The  old  Country  Ails,  or  Abridgements  thereof.  81 

The  Ferry  Fraughts  in  Zetland  on  the  Eaft  Side.  85 

Country  Aft  anent  Parochial  Schools.  87 

A  Compend  of  the  Country  A<fts  for  direfting  the  Rancell   Men, 
and   Society  for  regulating  of  Servants,  and  Reformation   of 
Manners,  with  their  Inflrudions.  89 

Comraiffion  and  Inflrudions  to  the  Society  for  regulating  of  Ser- 
vants and  Reformation  of  Manners.  «y6 

A  Scheme  anent  regulating  the  German  and  Danifh  money  pafling 

current  here.  97 

Two  Letters  from  Mr.  Prcfton  to  Mr.  Ames.  101 


ZETLAND, 


PL   K:    E/-  F'^1  A^    G      E.  ifivii: 

UfiS    .i\     &Qiy.:^l    ^vi:.;v.    i.^-i:.'    'io    2ii^i=.    ^-'-     --iib-J    cX^iffii^'i 
ITfe  foliowing  informcHtbh  relative-  tcr  fpe-  ^cHHtd^r'af  ^//  '/^c^rP  rir)??^ 
--  to  hand  after  tie  preceding  pagef.w'efe  prihtedT.T  ^  "    "'".  • 


-^  *    ./A.        -J'l  w    . 


jn:[t  c^'-orini  v/o!-;   ndl  i?ic:ln 


"THE  GifFord  family  of  Bulietii\Sk^daud,  ar,Z£tIaii(]/:ha.vQL; 
been  proprietors  and  pofleffed  of  great  property  there.  The 
eftate  at  prefent,  including  the  fiflieries,  yields  above  1200I. 
yearly,  which  has  arifen  to  that  fum  by  fifhing  and  wrecks. 
There  is  a  traditional  report,  that  in  the  year  1739,  or  1740, 
when  the  earl  of  Morton  vilited  this  family,  Mr.  GifFord  told  the 
earl,  that  there  was  a  Swedifh  Eaft  India  fhip  wrecked  near  his 
houfe,  and  that  his  fifhers,  among  other  articles  got  from  that 
fliip,  found  on  the  coaft,  a  large  log  of  lead,  which  his 
fervants  ufed  as  a  ftool  in  his  kitchen.  This  his  lordlliip  viewed, 
and  fcraping  a  part  of  it  with  a  knife,  informed  him  that  it 
was  filver,  and  was  the  moft  valuable  piece  of  furniture  in  the 
houfe.  It  was  afterwards  taken  care  of,  and  fold  for  the 
benefit  of  the  owners,  after  paying  the  falvage. 

The  late  Mr.  GifFord  of  Bulla  was  a  very  refpedtable  gentleman, 
generous  to  his  tenants  and  fervants,  and  a  very  ufeful  member  of 
fociety.  His  lady  was  filler  to  the  late  Sir  Andrew  Mitchell  of 
Weltfhore.  The  prefent  laird's  grandfather  had  three  fons,  who 
were  loft  in  a  boat  crofFing  a  bay  in  the  month  of  June,  i  746. 
His  father  was  not  then  born  ;  he  fucceeded  to  the  grandfather's 
eftate  on  his  deceafe.  It  is  remarked,  that  the  Morton  family 
got  the  fuperiorities  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,  which  belonged 
to  the  earls  of  Orkney  after  his  forfeiture,  as  a  pledge  for 
30,0001.    which  his  predecelFors   had  advanced  to  the   Royal 

d  Family, 


XVill 


1?     R     E     F     A     G     E. 


Family,  during  the  reigns  of  queen  Mary,  James  VI.  and 
Charles  I.  which  was  granted  to  James  earl  of  Morton  in  thqc 
year  1741  or  1742,  by  king  George  II.  in  a  perpetual  free 
gift,  and  in  1767  was  fold  for  63,000!.  to  Sir  Laurence  Dundas, 
whofe  fon  now  inherits  that  property.  The  prefent  laird  is 
Gideon  Gifford,  of  Bufla,  efcfcuire*  \  -"   ' 

)  hcjIlvTlc  ,         .  •      nq   nozd 

in  3lL'l:j 

i   ^vhi;.  - 

oijibiJ'iJ  £  ei   aisrlT 

I  "io  hc9  or! 3  ifi3rfw 


1  8iii 


r  -•'^T        -,;}.-,; 


r'sd^"?  ?ori  R': 


bfi  h&it 


DESCRIPTION 


O    F 


E      T      LAN 


CHAP.        I. 


Containing  ci  Geographical  Defcription  of  the  IJles  of  Zetlaad,  in 
17335   ^^^  Extent^  and  Divijions  into  Par[/Jjes, 

THE  Ifland  of  Zetland  lies  about  20  leagues  N.  E.  from 
the  Orkneys,  between  60  and  61  degrees  N.  latitude,  and 
longitude  between  2  and  3  W.  from  London,  having  the  German 
Sea  on  the  eait,  the  Ducalidonian  Ocean  on  the  weft  and  north, 
and  the  fca  that  divides  it  from  the  Orkneys  on  the  fouth.  It  con- 
fifting  of  33  inhabited  illands,  many  whereof  are  very  fmall  and 
inconfiderable ;  containing  fome  one,  and  others  two  or  three 
poor  families.  The  whole  ifland  together  is  in  length,  from 
north  to  fouth,  64  miles  ;  and  in  breadth,  from  eait  to  v/eft,  36 
miles  where  broadeft ;  and  is  divided  into  2  7  pariili€S,  many 
"whereof  being  very  fmall,  two  or  three  of  them  is  united  into 
one  pariQi ;  each  of  thefe  united  parifhes  being  a  bailifvic,  and 
the  charge  of  one  minifter  of  the  Gofpel,  being  in  all  i  2  parijlies, 
(befide  a  new  erection  of  Fair  ille,  Foully,  and  Skeries)j  in  the 
following  order  : 

B  The 


rilSTORlCAL     DESCRIPTION 


The  whole  inhabited  Iflands  are, 


I  Mainland 

'Dunrofsnes           T 

■ 

DunrofTnes 

2  Brafay 

Sandwich                 i 
Cunningfburgh  J 

<  Sandwich 
Cuningburg 

3  Nols 

4  Burray 

5  Houls 

Gulberwick            1 
Town  of  Lerwick/  " 

Lerwick 
'Tingwally 

6  Havcry 

u 

Ting  wall                  1 
Whitneis                   >  3 
VVifdall                     J 
Sandfling                1 
Aithfting                J"^ 

'd 

.  vVhitnes 

7  h'ondery 

1   ' 

.Wefdall 

8  l>apar 

9  Ox  nay 
lo  Hilduay 

i ' 

Xi 

f  Sand 
llwat 
-Walls 

1 1  Linfduay 

0 

Walls 

.  Sandnes 

I  2  Langon 

CI 

Sandnes 

•5 

'  1 

Papaftowr 

13  Valay 

14  Papaftowr 

S 

Ifle  of  Papaftowr 
North  Maven 

\6 

r  Hilfwick 
i  Ottaberfe 

15  Vemantrie 

16  Papalittle 

Delling 

Nefting 

.  7 

0-t 

f  Solerafirtli. 
IScatfloy 

17  Meiklerove 

Lanifling 

>8 

"  Nefting 

18  Lambar 

Ifle  of  Whalefay 

'  Aonifting 

19  Littlerove 

^  South  Yele             1 ' 
Mid  Yele                J    ^ 

.  .Whalfay 

20  Brother  Ifle 

r  Ilamnavor 
iRefirth 

3  1  Biggar 

North  Yele             1 

r. 

22  Stampt  frea 

Q 
0 

Fetlor                    J 

1^ 

J  North  Yele 
1  Fetlor 

23  Fifh  holm 

|£ 

North  Parifli 

24  Yele 

1 

UnftMid.  Parifh     > 

1 1 

-fl 

"Fwlfwick 

25  Hafiafay 

South  PariHi^ 

.  Balifta 

26  Fetlor 

27  Unit 

28  Uyor 

t-H 

Br  aft  ay                    -» 
Eurray                    j 
Fair  I  He 

I  2 

u 

0 

>Vick 
r  Bralay 
iBuray 

29  Whalfay 

Foullay 

13 

[Fair  Ifle 

30  Lingar 

Skerries 

- 

■  Foullay 

3I  Fair  Ifle 

t  Skerries, 

2  Foullay 

c:3  Skeries 

OFZETLAND.  3 

f-  Zetland  is  thus  divided  into  tv/elve  paiiflies,  befides  the  new 
ereflion  of  Fair  Hie,  Foullay,  and  Skeries,  which  did  formerly 
belong,  Fair  Ifle  to  the  parifli  of  Dunroffnes,  Foullay  to  the 
parifli  of  Walls,  and  Skeries  to  the  parifli  of  Netting,  and  the 
tythes  payable  yearly  out  of  them  do  ftill  belong  to  the  vicars 
of  thefe  pariflies. 

The  biggeft  ifland  of  Zetland  is  that  called  the  Mainland, 
being  in  length,  from  north  to  fouth,  about  48  miles ;  and  in 
breadth,  from  eaft  to  weft,  ao  miles  where  broadeft ;  but  it 
is  fo  much  indented  with  bays  of  the  fea  on  all  lides,  called 
Here  Foes^  that  there  is  not  any  part  of  it  two  miles  from  the  fea 
on  one  fide  or  the  other.      It  contains  eight  pariflies. 

Firfl:,   The  united  pariflies  of  Dunrojsnefs^  Sandivick^  and  Cu- 
ningjburgbi    in  length,     from    north  to  fouth,    16   miles;    and 
about    three    miles    broad    where   broadeft ;      furrounded    with 
the   fea,  except   on  the  north  ;     bounded  by  Quarfs  in  Gulber- 
\yick,  Sandwick,  and  CuningflDurgh.     It  is  for  the  moll:  part  high 
mountains,  covered  with  heath  and  marflies,   the  arable  ground 
being  all  upon  the  fea  coall.    Dunrofnefs  is  the  fouthermoft  part 
of  Zetland,    and  is  moitly  low  ground  and  fandy  downs,  except- 
ing two  promontories ;     the  one  called  Fitfall-bead,  and  the  other 
Samhurgh-head.      There  is  a  good  deal  of  arable  ground  in  thefe 
pariflies,    but  much   of  it   is  overblown  with  the  fand  and  loft. 
They  have  very  little  pafture  ground  in  this  parifli,  lb  they  have 
very  few  Iheep  ;   but  in  Cuningfburgh  they  have  plenty  of  them. 
They  have  cows,  oxen,    and  horfes,   but  do  not  make   fo  much 
butter  for  exportation  as  in  the  other  pariflies  of  the   country. 
Moft  of  the  inhabitants   are   filhers ;     they  catch    abundance  of 
fmall  fifli  to  feed  upon,  a  few  cod  and  ling  for  export ;   but  their 
principal   fifliing  is  that  of  Seath,  which  they  take  in  that  rajjid 
current  that   runs  off  Samburgh-hcad,  called  the  Roujl^  which 

B   a  fets 


4  HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

i'ets  away  north  weft  with  the  ebb,  and  fouth  eart  with  the  flood ; 
and  when  the  tide  fets  agaiiift  the   wind,  the  waves  run   very 
high  and  break,  which  is  dangerous,  and  often  fatal  to  the  poor 
fi'liermen,  who^ufe-onW  fmall  yawls,  and  but  few  men  in  each. 
The  feath  has  a  large  fat  liver,  of  which  they  make  oil  :  the  filli 
is  faltcd  and  dried,  and  fold  at  Dundee  and  Lcith.    This  parifh  is. 
not  fo  well  provided  with  gocxl  harbours  for  fliips  as  the  reft  of 
the  country  ;    on  the  weft   iide  of  it  there  is  none,  fave  one  at 
Bigtown  only  fafe  in  fummer ;   on   the    fouth  is  %uindall-bay^  an 
open. place,  where  a  Hiip  can  ride  fafe  in  fummer;   on   the  eaft 
near  Samburgh-head  is  Grootnefo-voe^   where    fliips  ufually  lie ; 
and  a  little  weft  from  that  is   another  harbour  called  1'be  Pool^ 
\vhere  fmall  fliips  can  lie  aground  upon  clean  fand ;    north  from 
that   four  miles   is  another  bay,    called  the  hevmiwiak,   a  good. 
fummer  harbour;     fix  miks  farther  is  a  good  fafe  place,  called 
Aithf-joe,  having  but  a  narrow  entry.    This  is  reckoned  the  mofl' 
popidous  parifli  in  Zetland,   and  contains  about  1750  marks  of 
land.    It  is  thought  too  great  a  charge  for  one  minifter,  and  there 
are  tythes  enough  in  it  to  pay  two;   but  a  disjunction  cannot  be 
calily  obtained,  becaufe  the  vicar  of  the  parifli  is  the-  greateft' 
heretor  in  it,  without  whofe  confent  it  cannot  be  done.     There 
are  in    this  parilh   three   churches  ;    one   at  Dunrofnefs,  one   at 
Sandwick,  and  one  at  Guningfburgh  ;    but  tli€  miniftef  preaches 
for  ordinary  only  at  the  two  form.er  of  thefe  ;  he  has  for  Itipend 
800  marks  Scots  a  year;    and   a  glebe  and  manfe.      In  this,  as 
alfo  in  all  the  pariflies  of  Zetland,  there  are  feveral  old  buildings, 
called  Fight s-Honfes^  which  I  fliall  have  occafion  to  mention  after- 
wards.  There  are  feveral  holms  belonging  to  this  parifli,  only  ufed 
for  pafture  of  little  value,  fave  one  called  Mouffy,  in  which  is  one 
of  thefe  Fights  houfes,  a  great  part  whereof  is  yet  ftanding,  called 
J'be  CafJe  of  Mou[T)\     This  holm  or  ifland  is  about  a  mile  long, 

but 


O  F    Z  E  T  L  A  N  D.  .  5 

But  not  broad.  It  lies  to  the  eaft  of  Sandwick.  There  has  been 
Ibme  arable  ground  in  ir,  but  it  is  now  ordy  ufed  for  pafture. 
There  are  rabbits  in  ir,  and  alfo  in  manv  places  of  this  parifli. 

The  fecond  parifli  is  that  of  Gulberwick^  having  Cxuiingfburgh 
on  the  South,  Lingwall  on  the  Vv^efl,  the  Tea  on  the  north  and  eaft. 
It  is  about  five  miles  lorlg  from  jiorth  to  fcuth,   and  two  miles 
broad ;     all   mountains    covered   witli    heath,    and   feveral    frefli 
water  lakes.    It  is  a  very  fmall  parifli,  having  in  it  only  ab«»ut  330 
marks  of  land,  including  quarfs.      It  did  formerly  belong  to  the 
parifn  of  Tingwall,  but  is  of  late  joined  to  the  town  of  Lerwick, 
not  formally  but  cafually.    The  arable  ground  IWiig  near  the  fea, 
the  inhabitants  are  all  filhcrs,  moftly  of  fmallTiQi,  for  themfelves 
to  itQiX  upon  ;    they  alfo  catch  a  few  cod  and  ling  for  export.   They 
have  oxen,  covvs,  flieep,  and  horfes  ;   milk  and  butter  in  fummer. 
On  the  eaft  fide  of  this  j)ari(h  ftands  the  town  of  Lerwick,  upon  a 
fmall  bay  of  the  lea,  covered  with   the  ill  and  of  BraflUy,  which 
forms  a  fine  large  road,  very  commodious  for  fliips  to  ride  in  at 
all  feafons  of  the  year.   It  is  more,  frequented  by  foreigners,  efpe- 
tially  the  Dutch,   than  any.  other,  pl^ce  in  Zetland,'   and  is  called 
by  them  the  5^0'-^^i;^;Zj .  th^^'DiUch-herring  bufs   fleer   having 
always  made  that  the  place  of  their  rendezvous  before  they  be- 
gin the  herring  fifliing,   ever   fincc   their    firft  entry    upon   that 
trade,   it  being  a  very^conyenient  place  for  them  to  repair  their 
fliips  wh<?n  leaky,  or  to  take  in  Jreffi 'water,  ai^^  out 

with  any  wind,  the  road  having^' an  "entry  to'  the  fouth,  and 
another  to  the  north  that  leads. into  the  feaj  They  come  yearly 
about  the  ninth  or  tenth  of  June,  and  lie  tilt  the  13th,  upon 
which  day  they  muft  begin,  the^-  filliing,  arf^  hot  fooher.  I  have 
feen  feme  old  men  who  laid  that  they, have  ^^Qti  irf'fefafay  Sound, 
at  one  time,  2200  buHes ;  but  thefe  40'  years  paft  there  never 
was  above  r  or  600  Qf  them  in  at  once  :  and,  in  anno  1702,  tl^.e 
2  '  "  French 


6  HIS'i'ORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

French  burned  about  150  of  them  in  Brafay  Sound,  and  along 
the  coaft,  fmce  which  time  there  never  was  above  3  or  400  of 
them  in  it  at  once.  Thefe  Dutchmen  ufed  formerly  to  buy  a  con- 
iiderable  quantity  of  coarfe  ftockings  from  the  country  people, 
for  ready  money,  at  a  tolerable  good  price,  by  which  means  a 
good  deal  of  foreign  money  was  annually  imported,  which 
enabled  the  poor  inhabitants  to  pay  the  land  rent,  and  to  pur- 
chale  the  neceffaries  of  life;  but  for  fevcral  years  paft  that 
trade  has  failed,  few  or  none  of  thofe  bulles  coming  in,  and 
thofe  that  come,  if  they  buy  a  few  ftockings,  it  is  at  a  very  low 
price,  whereby  the  country  people  are  become  exceeding  poor, 
and  unable  to  pay  the  land  rent.  The  town  of  "LcTdjick  was 
built  upon  account  of  foreigners  frequenting  that  place.  I  have 
known  old  men  who  rememb,red  when  there  was  not  one  houfe 
there  ;  but  now  there  are  about  200  families  in  it,  abundance 
of  good  houfes,  and  fafliionable  people  as  are  to  be  feen  in  any 
town  in  Scotland  of  its  bulk.  At  the  north  end  of  the  town  there 
is  a  regular  fort  built  at  the  charge  of  the  government,  in  the 
reign  of  king  Charles  II.  In  the  time  of  his  firit  war  with  the 
Dutch  his  Majefty  w^as  pleafed  to  Jend  over  here  a  garrifon  con- 
filling  of  300  men,  under  the  command  of  one  colonel  William 
Sinclair,  a  native  of  Zetland  ;  and  one  Mr.  Milne,  architeftor 
for  building  the  faid  fort,  with  20  or  30  cannons,  to  plant  upon  it 
for  protedion  of  the  country.  There  was  a  houfe  built  within 
the  fort  fufflcient  to  lodge  100  men;  the  garrifon  flaid  here 
three  years;  the  charge  whereof,  with  the  building  the  fort,  is 
faid  to  Hand  the  king  28,000  pounds  fterling.  When  the  gar- 
rifon removed,  they  carried  off  the  cannon  from  the  fort,  and 
in  the  next  war  with  the  Dutch  2  or  3  years  after  the  garrifon 
removed,  a  Dutch  frigate  came  into  Brafay  Sound,  and  burnt 
the  houfe  in  the  fort,  and  fcveral  others,  the  beft  in  the  town 

o 


OFZETLAND.  7 

of  Lerwick  ;  and  that  in  the  fort  was  never  repaired  fince.  In 
the  late  war  with  France,  the  French  privateers  came  into  Brafay 
Sound,  and  round  the  whole  iflands  at  their  pkafure,  we  having 
no  force  to  hold  them  off.  They  were  a  more  generous  enemy 
than  the  Dutch,  doing  Uttle  damage  to  the  country,  fometimcs 
demanding  fome  frefli  provifions,  which  were  readily  given  them ; 
we  being  in  no  condition  to  keep  them  off  were  glad  to  pmxhafc 
their  friendlhip  at  fo  eafy  a  rate.  The  tp^vn  of  Lerwick  has 
no  freedoms  nor  privileges,  but  is, governed  by  a  bailjie  upon 
the  fame  footing  with  the  other  baillies  in  the  country.  There 
is  a  church  in- it,  and  one  miniiter  of  the  Gofpel,  who  is  now 
minifter  of  Lerwick  and  Gulberwick.  •  He  has  for  ftipend  500 
rparks,  paid  him  out  of  the  bifliiop's  rents  of  Orkney,  300 
marks  by  the  town  of  Lerwick,  and  the  tythes  of  Gulberwick 
about  200  marks;  making  in  all  iqoo  marks  Scots  yearly,  with 
a  free ; houfe  und  yard.,  As  Lerwick  chiefly  fubfitis  by  the  refort 
of  foreigners  to  it,  fo  when  that  fails  it  muft  decline,  as  indeed 
it.  has  done  for  feveral  -/ears  pall,  having  been  very  little 
frequented  by  foreigners,  and  thereby  is,  become  very  poor,. 
Severa:!  projeds  have  been  talked  of  and  written  upon  of  late,  that 
might  have  been  very  beneficial  to  Lerwick  and  Zetland  had  they, 
taken  place  ;  as  that  of  the  Britifli  merchants  carrying  goods 
from  Mufcovy  and  Sweden  dellgned  for  the  plantations  in- 
America,  that  mufi  be  entered  -in.  Britaiii,  could,  have  them 
entered  at  Lerwick,  which  would  fave  a  great  deal  of  time  and 
charges  to  thefe  merchants  ;.  alfo  the  Greenland  and  Herring 
Fifliery  Companies-  of  Britain  propo-fed  Lerwick  as  a  mofl:  com- 
modious port  for  lodging  their  (fores  in,  and  for  repacking  their 
herrings,  melting,  their  oil,  and  thence  exporting  the  fame  to 
foreign,  markets.  The  grand  ol)jc<51ion  of  .;,thele  fettlemcnts  is,. 
that  Lerwick  is  an  open  unfortified  place,  .and   in  cafe  of  a  war, 

the. 


s:  HISTORICAL    D  E  S  .C  R  I  P  T  I  O  N 

the  merchants  fliips  and  goods  would  be  expofed  to  the  enemy  ; 
for  removing  of  which  difficulty,  Avould  the  government  beftow 
a  fmall  garrifon  upon  it  of  only  loo  men  ruid  > about  20  pieces 
of  cannon,  and  be  at  a  fmall  charge  fe  repairing  the  old  fort, 
and  eredling  a  fmall  battery  or  two  niore,  that  might  be  fufil-i 
cient  t(>  fecurc  the  place  again  It  any  ordinary  effort  the  enemv 
might  make  againft  it ;  and  Lerwick  being  thus  fortified,  ati 
Kritilh  (hips  coming  fi-om  the  Eaft  or  Weft  lutlies' could  come' 
fafely  there  in  time  of  war,^  and  lye  fecure  until  carried  thdnce 
by  convoy,  or  otherways  as  the '^proprietors  fllould  diredl.;  and 
thus  Lerwick  might- become  mor~e!:a<lvantageous.  to  the  rrade--of 
Great  Britain  than  Gibraltar 'or  PS>rt'Mahon  ;  -  and  that^  for  bne-f 
tenth  part  of  the  charge  of  either  of  thofe  places  i  to  the  go- 
vernment. ;     ■  .  -;       ' 

^i\.  The  u'nited  pariflies  of  ¥lf{^^a//^^  WMf}icfSy^nd  IViJdath^ 
w^hich  are.  about  eight  miles  long  from  foutli.  to -north,  and 
five  miles  broad,  having 'the  iflahds  Gf'*I%ondray.  and  Burray  on 
the  ibuth,  Gulberwick  on  the  Eaft,  Nefting  and  Delling  on  the 
north,  and  Artfling  on  the  weft.  It  is  for  the  moft  part  moun- 
tains covered  with  heath,  and'Vnany  frefti-watef" 'lakes  ;  in  the 
valleys  is  fome  arable  and  grafs  groimd.-''  This'iifiited  parifhiis 
about  1500  marks  of  land.  Moft  of -the  inhabitants  are  fidiers  ; 
they  catch  a  few  cod  and  ling  for-  export,  and  abundance  of 
fmall  fifh  for  food.  They  have  oxen,  cows,  fliecp,  horfes,  and 
fome  fwine,  tiiilk  and  butter,  for  paying  the  land  rent.  On  the 
foLith-i'ide  of  the  parifii  of  Tingwali'^is-  a -fmaJl^vj  cal'led 

ScaUaivc^/y  upon  a  bay  of  the  fea-  GoverecV  with'  the  ill  and  of 
Froiideray,  and  it  is  a  very  good  fafe'harbour  for  ftiips,  but  little 
frequented  by 'art  v.  .- At- the  eafl:  end  oi  ^he-village  ftands  the 
old  houfe  built  F^^j'^PatiliCk 'Stuart,  earl  of  Orkney,  called  the  (^aftle 
of  Scallawav,-  ^of 'which  now  notliing  reipainS '^4)dtithe  ftone 
-    •'  walls ; 


OFZETLAND.  9 

walls  ;  it  has  been  a  very  handfome  tower-houfe,  with  fine 
vaulted  cellars  and  kitchen,  with  a  well  in  it,  a  beautiful  fpacious 
entry,  with  a  turret  upon  each  corner,  and  large  windows,  all 
grated  with  iron,  which  is  now  all  rufled  away ;  over  the  entry- 
gate  is  the  following  infcription,  cut  in  ftone  : 

Patricius  Steuardus  Orchadi^  £t  Zetlandi^ 
Comes.     I.   V.  R.   S. 

CUJUS    FUNDAMEN     SAXUM     EST,     DOM'iLLA     MANEBIT 
LABILIS  E  CONTRA  SI   SIT   ARENA    PERIT 

A.   D.    1600. 

It  is  faid,  that  in  building  this  houfe  Earl  Patric  did  exceed- 
ingly opprefs  the  country,  by  laying  a  tax  upon  each  parifli 
thereof,  whereby  they  were  obliged  to  find  as  many  men  as  was 
needed  to  ferve  in  the  work,  and  provifions  for  all  the  workmen 
during  the  work,  without  a  farthing  charge  to  the  Earl  ;  and 
if  any  was  found  deficient,  they  were  punifhed  by  forfeiting 
their  whole  goods.  This  little  town  of  Scallaway  is  much 
more  antient  than  Lerwick,  and  was  their  ufual  feat  of  juftice  ; 
and  all  public  letters  are  ftill  executed  at  the  caftle  of  Scallaway, 
but  the  head  courts  are  now  commonly  kept  at  Lerwick,  where 
the  heritors  can  be  better  accommodated  than  at  Scallaway,  where 
there  are  not  now  above  twenty  fmall  families,  befides  two  or 
three  gentlemen's  feats.  Scallaway  ftands  about  four  miles 
W.  S.  W.  from  Lerwick.  Four  miles  N.  from  Scallaway  is  Lax- 
frith^  a  fine  harbour  for  fhips ;  on  the  Eaft  fide  of  the  country, 
half  a  mile  Eaft  from  that,  is  another  bay  called  Deals  Foe ; 
betwixt  Scallaway  and  Laxfrith  is  a  pleafant  flrath  or  valley  be- 
twixt two  hills,  for  the  moft  part  arable  and  grafs  ground,  in  the 
middle  whereof  Itands  the  church  of  'Tingivall,  and  the  minilter's 
manfe  hard  by  it,  nigh  whereunto  is  a  lake  called  the  Lough  of 

G  Tingwallj 


TO  H  I  S  T  O  R  I  C  A  L    D  E  S  C  R  I  P  T  I  O  N 

Tingwall,   -at  the  north  end  whereof  is  a  fmall  plot  of  ground 
furrounded  with  water,  and  a  bridge  of  a  few  rough  ftones  piled 
together  to  go  upon  it,  called  the  Lazvtainy.     Here  it  is  faid  the 
head  courts  were  kept  of  old  time,  where  all  the  Udillers  were 
obliged  to  convene  when  called  by  the  forvd  or  fhip  magiftrate, 
and   coming  all  on   horfeback,   they  had  their  horfes  graled    in 
the  neighbourhood   thereof,   for   which  it  is   faid,   that  the  pro- 
prietors of  Grifta  and  Aflar   (two   adjacent  rooms)   to    make  up 
their  damage,  had,  the  former  the  feat  of  fome  lands  in  Wifdalt 
and  Earterfliild,   and  the  latter  the   feat   of  Quarf  and  half  the 
feat   of    Guningfburgh,    which    continues    to  this   day    in   the 
pofleffion  of  thofe  deriving   right  from  them.    Two  miles  weft 
from  Tingwall  is  a  bay   of  the  fea   called    the  Foe  of  Rejlane5% 
and  a  little  Wert   from  that  is   another  bay    called  the    Voe  of 
Binajies  ;   and  a  quarter  of  a  mile  N.  W.   from    that  is  another 
bay  called    the    Foe    of  Wifdath.      There   were  formerly  in  this 
united  parifh  three  churches,    one  at  Tingwall,   one  at  Whitnes, 
and  one  at  Wifdall ;   but  of  late  thofe  old  churches  of  Whitnes 
and  Wifdall  are  laid  afide,  and  there  is  a  new  church  built  be- 
twixt the  two  ;   thefe  united  parifhes  alfo  including  Gulberwick, 
the  iflands    of  Trondray,   Oxnay  and    Hildilay,    was   an  arch- 
deanrie,   and  the  archdean  had  right  to  all   the  tythes  and  kirk- 
lands  in  that  parifli,   io  that   the  bifliop  had  nothing  paid  him 
thereout ;   which  at  laft  falling  into  the  hands  of  a  lay  gentle- 
man, he  paid  the  minifter  of  Tingwall  nearly  6  or  700  marks  of 
ftipend,   with  the  glebe  and  manor  of  Tingwall ;  but  that  family 
failing,   who   were  proprietors    of  the  tythes  and  vicar   of  the 
parilh,  thofe  to  whom  they  had  been  made  over  not  taking  care 
to  pay  the  minifter's  ftipend,  he,  with  concurrence  of  the  heritors, 
made  application   to  the   lords  for  plantation  of  kirk  and  vali- 
fation  of  tythes,  who  gave  orders  to  the  minifter   to   uplift   as 

much. 


OF      ZETLAND. 


It 


much  of  the  tythes  of  the  pp.ridi  as  paid  him  his  ftipend,  at 
the  rate  of  900  merks  yearly  :  and  alfo  for  200  marks  out  of 
the  tythes  of  Gulberwick,  to  the  minifter  of  Lerwick,  which 
they  have  uplifted  for  feveral  years  bygone  ;  and  the  proprietor 
or  vicar  has  not  yet  appeared  to  claim  his  property  therein. 

4th.  Is  the  united  parifhes  of  Sajidjiing  and  Aithjiitig^  being 
about  eight  miles  long  from  north  to  fouth,  and  about  feven  miles 
broad  when  broadeft,  but  much  indented  with  bays  of  the  fea, 
having  Wifdall  on  the  ealt,  Diking  and  the  fea  on  the  north, 
Walls  and  Sandnes  on  the  weft,  and  the  fea  on  the  fouth.  It  is  for 
themoft  part  mountains  and  marflies  covered  with  heath;  and  has 
many  lakes  and  burns  ;  the  arable  and  grafs  ground  is  upon 
the  fea-coaft,  containing  about  740  merks  of  land.  This 
parifh  is  but  thinly  inhabited  ;  the  mountains  ferves  for  pafture 
to  fheep  and  horfes ;  they  have  cows  and  oxen,  milk  and 
butter  ;  moft  of  the  inhabitants  are  fifliers,  who  take  a  few 
cod  and  ling  for  export,  and  fmall  fifh  for  themfelves  to  eat.  On 
the  eaft  of  this  parilh  is  a  bay  of  the  fea,  called  Bixater  Foe, 
that  runs  up  north-weft  about  fix  miles  into  the  country,  a 
fine  harbour,  but  feldom  or  never  frequented  by  any  fliips.  A 
little  to  the  fouth  thereof,  the  Foe  of  Sana^  and  a  little  to  the 
weft  thereof  is  Sarla  Foe.  Three  miles  fouth  from  that  is  Shilda 
Voe\  and  on  the  weft  of  this  parifli  is  a  long  bay  of  the  fea, 
called  Gnitten  Foe,  running  about  6  miles  up  into  the  country ; 
on  the  north  of  it  is  Aithis  Voe^  and  Brimfter  Voe,  alfo  Kilingjler 
Voe^  all  good  harbours  for  fhips,  but  leidom  or  never  ufed  by  any. 
Inhabited  iflands  belonging  to  this  parifti  are  Vemantrie,  lying  on 
the  north  of  it,  a  fmall  place  with  only  one  fmall  family  upon  it; 
and  about  two  miles  eaft  from  that  is  another  fmall  ifland,  called 
P^/)<3  L/V//6?,  one  poor  family  upon  it;  there  are  two  churches, 
one  at  Sana  in  Sanafting,  the  other  at  Tival  in  Aithefting.    The 

C    2  miniftci 


la  HISTORICAL    DESCKIPTION 

miniller  is  vicar  of  the  pariili,  and  has  for  ftipend  half  of  the 
corn  tythes,  and  the  whole  vicarage  tythes  amounting  to  about 
feven  hundred  marks  Scots  per  annum,  with  a  glebe  and  manfe. 

5th.  The  united  pariflies  of  Walls,  Sandnes,  and  Papa  Slower, 
Walls  and  Sandnes  is  about  fix  miles  long  from  north  to  fouth^ 
and  about  4  miles  broad,  having  Aithfting  and  Sandfting  on  the 
eaft,  and  the  fea  on  the  fouth,  welt,  and  north.  It  is  all  moun- 
tains covered  with  heath ;  the  arable  and  giafs  ground  being 
on  the  fldrts  of  it  upon  the  fea-coaft,  amounting  to  about  626 
mark  land.  The  illand  of  Papaftour  lies  about  two  miles  weft 
from  Sandnes,  is  abovit  three  miles  long,  and  two  miles  broad^ 
has  in  it  216  marks  of  land.  On  the  fouth  of  Walls  is  a  fmall 
ifland  called  Valay^  which  has  in  it  only  24  marks  of  arable  land. 
Betwixt  this  ifland  and  Walls  is  a  good  harbour,  called  Valay 
Sound.  In  this  parifh  there  are  oxen,  cows,  flieep,  and  horfes  ;, 
they  have  milk  and  butter  ;  moil:  of  the  inhabitants  are  fifhers  ; 
they  catch  a  few  ling,  cod,  and  herrings,  for  export,  and  plenty  of 
fmall  fifli  to  feed  upon  ;  in  this  united  parilli  are  three  churches,, 
one  in  Walls,  one  in  Sandnes,  and  one  in  Papa  ;  the  miniller 
thereof  has  for  ftipend  half  of  the  corn  tythes,  and  the  whole 
vicarage  tythes  amounting  to  about  800  marks  per  annum,  with, 
a  glebe  and  manfe. 

6th.  The  parifh  of  NorthtJiavin,  about  16  miles  long  from 
fouth  to  north,  and  about  8  merks  broad  where  broadeft.  It  is 
a  peninfula,  furrounded  with  the  lea  fave  only  on  the  fouth.  It 
is  joined  to  the  parifli  of  Delting  by  a  fmall  neck  of  land  about, 
40  yards  over,  called  Mavis  Grind,  This  is  the  largeft  parifh  in 
Zetland,  but  not  the  moll  populous;  it  is  all  mountains,  covered 
With  heath  and  marflies ;  a  vaft  many  lakes  and  burns  abound- 
ing with  trouts  ;  all  the  arable  and  grafs  ground  is  on  the  Ikirts 
of  it  along  the   fea-coafl",  extending  to  about  1150   marks  of 

land,. 


OFZETLAND.  13 

land.  One  mountain  in  this  parifh  is  remarkable  for  its  height,. 
from  the  top  whereof,  the  horizon  being  clear,  one  may  iee. 
round  the  wliole  iflands  of  Zetland  ;  it  is  called  Ronc/Jjtl/^  and 
is  often  covered  with  fnow  when  there  is  none  any  where  elle 
in  Zetland.  The  inhabitants  of  this  parifh  are  for  the  mod  part 
fifliers ;  they  take  cod,  ling,  and  fome  herrings,  for  export, 
and  abundance  of  fmall  filh  to  feed  upon  ;  they  have  cows, 
oxen,  fheep,  horfes,  and  a  few  fwine,  milk  and  butter.  On  the 
eaft-fide  of  this  parifli  is  a  fmall  bay  of  the  fea,  running  up 
fouth  about  eight  miles,  dividing  betwixt  the  parifhes  of  Diking 
and.Northmaven,,  all  good  anchor-ground,  but  very  httle  fre- 
quented by  Ihips.  A  little  north  from  that  is  another  fine  harbour,, 
called  Glufs  Voe.  North  thereof  another,  called  Ollaberje.  Farther 
north  is  ^efrith  Voe  ;  and  north  of  that,  Callafrith  Voe.  Yet 
farther  north  is  Riirra  Voe  \  all  on  the  eaft-fide  of  the  parifh. 
On  the  north-weft  is  a  bay,  called  Sand  Voe  ;  and  on  the  fouth- 
lideof  Ronefliill  is  a  fine  bay  called  Runts  Voe,  running  up  4 
or  5  miles  into  the  land.  South  from  that  3  miles  is  a  bay, 
called  Humna  Voe.  On  the  fouth-wefl  fide  of  this  parifli  is  the 
bay,  called  Ill/week  '  oe,  upon  the  north-fide  of  the  great  bay, 
Galled  SL  Magnus  Bay ;  and  eafl  from  that  2  miles  is  a  fmall 
bay  c-aW^d  Hamers Voe.  Farther  fouth  a  miles,  is  Gunafiter  Joe,. 
and  three  miles  fouth  from  that  is  Iljburgb  Voe ;  a  quarter  of 
a  mile  fouth  from  that  is  a  fmall  bay,  called  Cu/fiter  Minn^  on 
the  weft  fide  of  Mavis  Grind.  In  this  parifli  are  tsvo  churches, 
that  on  the  wefl-fide  at  Hilfwick,  on  the  eaft  that  of  Ollaberic  ; 
the  miniller  of  this  parifli  is  vicar,  having  right  to  the  whole  vi- 
carage-tvthes  thereof,  and  half  of  the  corn-tythes,  and  it  is  worth 
about  1000  marks  per  annum,  with  a  glebe  and  manfe.  Inhabited 
iflands  belonging  to  this  parifli  is  only  a  very  fmall  one,  called 
Lamby,  on  the  eaft  thereof ;  one  family  upon  it. 

7th.. 


14  HISTORICAL   DESCRIPTION 

7  th.  The  parifh  of  Deliing  being  ten  miles  long  from  north  to 
ibuth,  and  fix  miles  broad.  It  has  Gelibund  and  North  Maven 
on  the  north,  the  fea  on  the  weft,  Aithfting  and  Wifdall  on 
the  fouth,  Netting  and  Cunefting  on  the  ealt.  It  is  all  moun- 
tains covered  with  heath  and  marflies,  a  great  many  lakes  and 
burns  ftored  with  trouts;  the  arable  ground  is  along  the  fea- 
coaft,  extending  to  about  870  marks  of  land  ;  many  of  the  in- 
habitants are  filhers,  moftly  of  fmall  fifh,  fuch  as  pillocks  and 
fejlocks,  of  whofe  livers  they  make  a  good  deal  of  oil  fome 
years,  efpecially  thofe  who  live  about  Yelfound,  where  there 
goes  a  rapid  tide,  in  which  thefe  fifh  delight  moft  to  fwim, 
and  there  they  are  fatteft.  There  are  very  few  fiiliers  of  cod  and 
ling  for  export  here.  They  have  cows,  oxen,  flieep,  horfes,  and 
fome  fvvine,  milk,  and  butter.  Inhabited  iflands  belonging  to 
this  parifli  are  thofe  of  Muckle  Rooc^  in  which  are  four  or  five 
fmall  families  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  parifli.  On  the  north 
thereof  is  Little  Rooc,  one  family  on  it ;  Brother  IJIe^  a  very 
fmall  ifle ;  Bigga  a  fmall  ifie  ;  Pichoiina^  one  family  upon  it. 
There  are  in  this  parifli  two  churches,  one  at  Scalfla,  the  other  at 
Olnafirth.  The  minifter  is  vicar  of  the  parifh,  and  has  for  ftipend 
all  the  vicarage  tythes,  and  half  the  corn  tythes,  and  it  is  about 
800  marks  Scots  a  year. 

8th.  The  united  pariflies  of  Nijling,  Lumjllng,  and  ifland  of 
Whaljay.  Nifting  and  Lumfting  is  9  miles  long  from  north  to 
fouth,  and  4  miles  broad  where  broadeft,  but  very  unequally. 
It  is  all  mountains  and  moffes,  many  frefh-water  lakes  and 
burns,  with  plenty  of  trouts  in  them  ;  the  inhabitants  are  for 
the  moft  part  fifhers,  as  they  are  alfo  in  the  illand  of  Whalfay, 
which  is  three  miles  long,  and  a  mile  broad,  moftly  moore- 
ground  ;  the  arable  land  is  ui)on  the  fea  coaft.  This  ifland 
contains   about   220  marks  of  land,  as   Nifting  and  Lumfting 

do 


OF      ZETLAND. 


15 


ilo  510  marks  of  land.  There  is  fome  ling  and  cod  caught  here 
for  export,  and  plenty  of  fmall  fifli  ;  they  have  cows,  oxen, 
fheep,  horfes,  and  fome  fwine,  milk  and  butter.  In  this  pai  iili 
are  three-  churches,  one  in  Neiling,  one  in  Lumlling,  and  one 
in  Whalfay.  The  minifter  is  vicar  of  the  parifli,,  having  for 
ftipend  the  whole  vicarage  tythes,  and  half  the  corn  tythcs, 
amounting  to  about  800  marks  a  year,  with  a  glebe  and  manfcr. 
Inhabited  ifland  belonging  to  this  parifli  is  a  fmall  one  nigh 
Whalfay,  called  Liinga  \  one  fmall  family  upon  it.  Skeries  alfo 
belongs  to  this  parifli,  but  is  now  joined  to  Fairifle  and  Fowlay,. 
Thefe  eight  parillies  lie  u])on  the  main  land  of  Zetland, 

9th.  The  ifland  of  Te!/,  fixteen  miles  long,  and  6  miles 
broad  where  broadelt,  lies  about  one  mile  north  from  Delting, 
is  for  the  moft  part  all  mountains  and  molfes,  and  is  divided 
into  the  pariflies  of  South  Tell^  Mid  Telly  and  North  Tell,  the 
two  former  being  united  in  one  parifli,  and  the  latter  joined  to 
the  ifland  of  Feltor.  South  and  Mid  Yell  contains  about  10 17 
marks  of  arable  land,  which  lie  all  in  the  fkirts  of  it  along 
the  fea  Ihore.  The  inhabitants  are  for  the  moft  part  fifhers  ; 
they  take  fome  ling  and  cod  for  export,  and  plenty  of  fmall 
iifli  to  feed  upon  :  they  have  cows,  oxen,  iheep,  and  horfes,  milk 
and  butter.  In  Mid  Yell,  upon  the  eaft-fide,  is  a  fmall  bay,  called 
Refirth  Voe^  a  good  fafe  harbour  for  fhips;  on  the  eaft-fide,  half 
a  mile  weft  from  that,  is  a  bay  called  Whalefirth  Foe,  which 
kads  out  to  the  w^eft  fea,  and  alio  a  good  harbour,  but  feldom  or 
never  nfed.  In  South  Yell,  upon  the  eaft  fide  is  Bura  Voe^  a 
very  fafe  fmall  harbour ;  two  miles  weft  from  that  is  Hamna. 
Voe,  a  good  harbour  ;  and  four  miles  weft  from  that  is  Leadia 
Foe,  a  good  harbour  In  this  parifh  are  two  churches,  one  at 
Hamna  Voe  in  South  Yell,  the  other  at  Refirth  in  Mid  Yell. 
Inhabited  iflands  belonging  to  this  parifh  are  Hafcajay^  a  fmall 

ifland 


.,6  HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

iiland  on  the  eaft  fide,  one  family  on  it ;  and  Sampefrea  on  the 
fouth,  a  fmall  ifland,  two  or  three  poor  families  upon  it.  The 
minifter  is  vicar  of  the  parifh,  and  has  for  ftipend  all  the  vi- 
carage tythes,  and  half  the  corn  tythes,  which  is  about  8oo 
marks  a  year,   and  a  glebe  and  manfe. 

1  o.  The  united  pariflies  of  ISiorth  Tell  and  Fetlor.  The  ifland 
of  Fetlor  is  about  4  miles  long,  and  3  miles  broad  where  broadeft; 
it  lies  about  two  miles  eaft  from  Yell ;  it  is  for  the  moft  part 
dry- bare  ground ;  there  is  in  it  784  marks  of  arable  land,  all  fix- 
penny  land  ;  the  inhabitants  are  for  the  moft  part  filhers,  they 
take  ling  and  cod' for  export,  and  plenty  of  fmall  fifli  for  food  ; 
they  have  oxen  and  cows,  but  few  flieep  and  horfes,  having 
little  paftu re-ground  ;  they  have  abundance  of  milk  and  butter. 
North  Yell  contains  640  marks  of  arable  land  ;  the  inhabitants 
are  moftly  filhers,  they  catch  ling  and  cod  for  export,  and  abun- 
dance of  fmall  fifli  to  feed  upon ;  they  have  oxen,  cows,  flieep, 
and  horfes,  milk  and  butter  ;  on  the  north  eaft  is  a  fmall  bay 
called  Bulla  Voe^  a  fafe  place  for  fliips ;  four  miles  farther 
fouth  is  another  bay,  called  Celles  Firth  Foe,  a  fafe  place  for 
fhips.  In  Fetlor  there  is  no  fafe  harbour.  There  was  formerly  a 
lay  vicar  here,  and  this  parilli  belonged  to  Yell;  but  in  17 13 
it  was  disjoined,  with  confent  of  the  gentleman  who  had  right 
to  the  vicarage,  who  was  allowed  as  many  years  of  the  tythes 
as  paid  the  fum  he  laid  out  in  the  purchafe  of  it,  and  now 
the  minifter  of  this  parilli  is  vicar  himlelf,  and  has  for  ftipend 
all  the  vicarage  tythes,  and  half  of  the  corn  tythes,  extending 
to  about  8c o  marks  a  year;  he  has  two  churches,  one  at  North 
Yell,  and  one  in   Feltor. 

II.     The  ifland  of  UnJ}.     This  is  the  northmoft   of  all  the 

Britifli  iflands.    It  is  eight  miles  long,   and  four  mdes  broad  ;   it 

lies  a  mile  north-eaft  from  Yell,  in  the  Sound  or  Straight  betwixt 

6  which 


.;  s-    O    F      Z    E    T    L     A    N    D.  17 

which,   called    Blmna  Sounds    runs   a    very   rapid    tide,    fetting 
away  north  with   the  ehb,   and  fouth  with  the  flood,   as   all  the 
tides  about  Zetland    do ;   but  in    all   thele  Sounds   or   Straights 
betwixt  the  Iflands  there  are  two  or  three  tides  running  contrary 
to  one  another,   as  when  the  great  current  in  the  middle  of  the 
Sound  fets  north,   then  there  is  a  tide  at  each  lliore,  called  the 
Edy-tide,  that  lets  as  fall:  fouth,   and  fo  fliifts  about  as  the  great 
current   alters.    At  the  north   point  of  this  ifland,  called    Ska^ 
goes    a  very  rapid    current,   like   the    Rouft    of  Sumburghead, 
wherein    alio  there  fwim  plenty  of  that  fifli  called  Scath  ;   but 
the  fifliers  here  have  not  the  way  of  catching  them.     This  ifland 
of  Unit  is  fomewhat  plainer  than  the  other  ifles  of  Zetland,  and 
is  for  the  motl:  part  dry  bare  ground,   very  rocky,   and   is   di- 
vided into  \S\^  fouth  mall  zna  north  pariflies,   and  contains  about 
2050  marks  of  land,   all  cheap  land,   6  pennies   the  mark,  and 
generally  it  is  improven.    The  inhabitants  are  for  the  moft  part 
filhers ;   they  catch  ling  and  cod  for  export,   and  abundance  of 
fmall  fifh   for  food.     They  have  oxen,  cows,  fome  flieep,  and 
plenty  of  very   little   horfes  ;   they    have   milk  and  butter   for 
paying  the  land-rent.     On   the  call:  of  Uns   is  an    ifland  called 
Baltay,  in  which  there  has  been  fome  arable  ground,  but  it  is  now 
only    ufed    for  pafture.     It  covers  a  fine  bay  called  Ballafoundy 
and  a  good  fafe  harbour.     On  the  fouth  is  another  ifland  called 
Uya,  containing  84  marks  of  arable  land,  and  one  family  upon  it. 
It  covers  a  bay  called  Uya  Soimd,  a  good  road  for  fliips.     In  this 
parifh  are  three  churches;  that  in  the  fouth  parifli  is  the  church 
of  H'i:h,  in  the   mid  parifli   is   the  church  of  Balijio.y  in    the 
north  parifli  that  of  Harlfwkh^  and  one  minifter.  There  is  a  lay- 
vicar,  who  pays  the  minifter  a  yearly  ftipend  of  900  marks ;  he 
has  alio  a  glebe  and  manfe. 

D  12. 


i8  HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

13.  The  illands  of  BraJJay  and  Burray;  the   one   lying  on 
the  eaft,  the  other  on.   the  weft  fide  of  the  main  land,   at  about 
fix  miles   diftant  from  each  other.      BralTay  lies  eaft  from   the 
town  of  Lerwick  about   a  mile.    It  is  three    miles  long   from 
north  to  fouth,   and    two    miles  brooad.    It  is  fomewhat  moun- 
tainous, moftly  covered  with  heath  and  mofs.  The  arable  ground 
is  on    the   Ikirts    of  it,   extending  to  294  marks  of  land.    The 
inhabitants    are    moftly   filliers  ;    they    catch  ling  and    cod   for 
export,   and    fmall  fifli  to  eat ;   they    have    oxen    and    cows,   a 
few  Iheep  and  hcrfes,   milk  and  butter.    There  are  in  this  ifland 
two  little  old  churches  laid  afide,  and  one  new  church,  lately  built 
more  convenient*  There  is  a  fmall  illand  belonging  toBraffay,  lying 
on  the  eaft  thereof,  called  ^o/s,  in  which  are  60  marks  of  arable, 
land,   and  two  or  three  famiUes.    On  the  north  lide  of  Braflay 
is  a  fmall  bay  called  j^it/js  Foe,  a  good  harbour.     Burray  is  about 
three  miles  long,  one  broad  ;  it  is  moftly  dry  bare  ground ;  the 
arable  ground  is   along  the  fea-fhore,   extending  to  192  marks 
of  land.    The  ifland  of  Houfe  thereto  belonging  is   about  twa 
miles  long,  contains  about  60   marks  of  arable  land,   and  there 
are  four  families  on  it.    Another  fmall  ifland  thereto  belonging, 
called   Havery,  has  two  families  on   it.    Betwixt  the  iflands  of 
Houfe  and  Burray  is  a  good  harbour  for  fliips.    To  the  eaft  of 
Houfe  is   a  long  bay    called  C//fi  Sound,  alfo  a  good   harbour. 
There   is    a   church   in   Burray ;  the    minifter   of  Braflay    and 
Burray  is  vicar   of  thcfe   iflands,   and   has   for  ftipend   all   the 
vicarage   tythes,   and   half  the   corn-tythes,  which  amounts  to 

about  700  marks  per  annum. 

.    13.       The  new^-ere(5ted  pariflies    of  Fair  IJle,    Fozolay,   and 

Skerys  are    very   fmall,  but  the    moft   difcontiguous    parifli   in 

Britain.      Fair  Ifle  is  a  fmall    ifland  about  two    miles  long,   one 

broad ;   it  lies  about  eight  leagues    fouth  from    Samburgh-head, 

4  contains 


OF      Z    E    T     L     A    N    D. 


19 


contains  96  marks  of  good  arable  ground.  The  inhabitants  are 
all  fifliers,  they  catch  ling,  cod,  and  faith,  and  plenty  of  fmall 
fifli.  There, is  a  fmall  bay  on  the  north  fide  of  it,  where  boats 
or  fmall  barks  can  ride  fafe  ;  they  have  fome  oxen,  cows,  and 
a  few  flieep.  Foully  lies  twelve  leagues  north-weft  from  the 
F'air'Hle.  It  is  a  fmall  but  very  high  iiland.  There  are  in  it  54 
marks  of  arable  land,  and  fome  grafs  ground.  The  inhabitants 
are  fiQiers,  they  catch  cod  and  ling,  and  abundance  of  fmall  fhh. 
They  have  great  plenty  of  fea-fovvls,  that  neftle  in  the  high 
rocks' of  the  ifland,  and  many  of  the  inhabitants  are  dexterous 
in  climing  tliefe  rocks  to  take  the  young  fowls  before  they  can 
fly,  but  of:eh  lofe  their  lives  by  falling  over  the  rocks  into  the 
fea.  On  the  north-eaft  fide  of  the  ifland  is  a  fmall  bay^  where 
any  ftnall  veffel  can  lie  fafe  in  fummer.  They  have  fome  cows, 
and  (heep.  Skerries  lies  20  leagues  north-eaft  from  the  Fair  Ifle. 
Ir  is  compofed  of  three  very  fmall  iflands,  lying  near  each  other  in 
a  triangie,  which  forms  three  fmall  entries  to  a  little  fafe  harbour  in 
the  middle  of  them.  The  biggeft  ifland  is  called  HouJfy\  the  other 
Browary\  and  the  third  Grunay,  The  two  former  are  inhabited ;  the 
firft  containirtg  36,  and  the  other  18  marks  of  arable  land  ;  the 
inhabitants  are  all  filhers  ;  they  catch  fome  ling  and  cod  for 
export,  and  abundance  of  fmall  fifli  to  feed  upon.  They  have  a 
few  cows  and  flieep.  There  is  a  little  church  at  Fair  Ifle,  one  at 
Foulay,  and  one  in  Skerrys  ;  the  minifter  thereof  refides  at  Fair 
Ifle,  •  and  vifits  Fowlay  and  Skerrys  once  a  year,  flaying  in  each 
of  them'  a  week  or  two,  and  then  returns  to  his  common  re- 
fldence.  He  has  his  ftipend  paid  him  by  the  general  aflembly  of 
the  church  of  Scotland,  out  of  the  fund  allowed  by  the  king 
for  defraying  the  charge  of  (he  aflembly  ;  his  ftipend  is  only 
400  marks  Scots  a  year,  which  is  little  enough  confidering  his 
travel  and  dangerous  paflage. 

b   a  CHAP. 


so  HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

CHAP.        11. 

Of  the  Jirjl  hihahitants  of  Zetland,  and  its  Name* 

WHEN  thefe  iflands  were  firft  inhabited,  or  by  whom, 
we  have  no  certain  account.  Some  think  the  Pights,  or 
Pidts,  were  the  firft  inhabitants  ;  others,  the  Norvegians  :  how- 
ever, it  is  certain,  both  did  inhabit  them,  but  at  what  time,  or 
how  long  they  were  pofTefled  by  the  Pights,  I  could  never  fee 
any  fuch  account  thereof  as  is  much  to  be  depended  on  ;  how- 
ever peremptorily  aflerted  by  fome  of  our  old  Scotilh  hiftorians, 
who  talk  of  a  long  fucceflion  of  the  Pights,  kings  of  Orkney 
and  Zetland.  But  whatever  may  be  in  that,,  there  are  fome  fuch 
veftiges  remaining  to  this  day  as  fufficiently  prove  that  the  Pights 
did  poITefs  Orkney  and  Zetland  ;  as  that  of  a  vaft  many  old 
buildings,  called  Pights  houfes,  of  which  here  are  feveral  yet  to 
be  feen  in  every  parifli  of  Zetland  ;  many  of  them  one  or  two 
llories  high,  yet  ftanding,  and  they  are  all  built  after  one  form, 
that  is,  round,  of  large  rough  Hones,  very  well  laid;  but  thefe 
buildings  are  not  alike  great,  fome  of  them  not  twenty  feet 
diameter,  others  thirty  feet  within  the  wall,  which  is  ten  or 
twelve  feet  thick,  the  heart  whereof  is  all  little  apartments  and 
ftairs;  they  have  had  no  windows,  and  a  very  little  entry  door,. 
Whether  they  have  been  roofed  at  top  or  not  does  not  appear^ 
but  they  have  all  been  built  in  the  moft  inacceffable  places,  fuch 
as  furrounded  with  water,  or  upon  fome  high  rock,  and  fome  have 
two  or  three  walls  of  earth  and  ftone  round  them  ;  and  they  are 
itill  known  by  the  name  of  Pights  houfes,  or  burghs.  Now  burghy 
in  the  Teutonic  language,  fignifies  a  caflle  or  fort,  as  Pight 
derived  from  Pfightan^  another  word  in  that  language,   fignify- 

ing 


OF      ZETLAND. 


3» 


if\g  to  Jjgbti  or  ^gbiers]  and  thefe  Pights  are  faid  to  come  from 
Germany,  and  to  have  fpoken  that  language ;  and  all  thefe  Pights 
houfes  are  fo  fituate  withm  fight  of  each  other,  that  by  a  fignal 
of  fire  or  fmoke  they  could  alarm  the  whole  country  in  lefs  tharii 
one  hour  of  the  approach  of  the  enemy,  or  any  other  danger; 
But  at  what  time,  or  how  long  thefe  Pights  did  poflTefs  Orkney 
and  Zetland  is  ftill  uncertain. 

That  the  Norwegians  did  long  poffefs  the  ifland  of  Orkney 
and  Zetland  is  uncontrovertible;  but  that  they  were  the  firft 
difcoverers  of  thefe  illands  (as  feme  would  have  them)  is  very 
doubtful.  That  which  feems  moft  to  favour  the  Norvegians  pre- 
tenfion  is,  that  the  names  of  the  illands  and  places  in  them  are 
all  Danifli,  and  continue  fo  for  the  moft  part  to  this  day;  and  the 
Guftoms,  manners,-  and  language  of  the  old  Zctlanders,  with 
their  way  of  living,  were  the  fame  as  in  Norway,  even  down 
to  the  time  of  ibme  old  men  yet  living;  and  the  g  re  ate  ft  part 
of:  the.  vulgar  inhabitants,  and  fome  of  confiderable  note  here,', 
ftill  reckon  themfelves  of  Danifli  extraft,  and  are  all  Patro- 
nymics, whereby  they  are  diftinguiflied  from  thofe  that  have 
come  from  the  continent  of  Britain,  who  have  all  furnames,  and 
have  for  many  years  paft  been  the  moft  confiderable,  though' 
the  leaft  numerous.  Still  thefe  old  Danifli  inhabitants  value 
themfelves  much  upon  their  antiquity,  and  fcorn  to  take  fur-^ 
names  as  a  novelty  unknown  to  their  fore  fathers  ;  particularly 
one  Patrick  Gilbert oon,  of  Ilfburgh,  an  old  man  about  ninety 
years,  alive  at  writing  hereof,  reckons  himfelf  the  2  2d  gene-" 
ration,  in  a  lineal  fucceflion,  poirefiTors  of  Ilfburgh,  ftiled  Patro- 
nymics; and  many  more  here,  that  account  themfelves  of  very 
long  ftanding.  But,  however  far  the  names  of  places,  cuftomSj 
language,  and  traditions  of  the  old  Zetland  inhabitants  may 
go  to  prove  them  of   Norvegian  extract,  yet  confidering   the 

aJ3iuity 


22  HIS  TO  fl I  e. AX    D  ELS  Q: R  I P XI  O  N 

jiSiriitypf  the  language  fpoken  by  the  Pights,  and  that  fpoken  by 
the  Norwegians,  being  botli.  qf.  Teutonic  original,  as /alio  that 
of-  their  cuj-loms  and  manners,  being  :fo  near  neighbours,  I 
think  the  Fights  itand  as  fair  to  be  the  firft  .  inhabiitants  of 
Orkney  ,aiid  Zetland,  as  the  Norvvegiana,  and  therefore  fball 
leave  them., to  fhaye  that  honour  betwixt,  them,  and  allow  the 
untient  inhabitants  to  be  equally  defcended  from  both,  and  I 
know  not  by  which  they  have  the  moft  honour.  So  much  for 
the  firft  inhabitants  of  Zetland.  In  the  next  place  1  fliall  a  little 
confider  its  namQviu  ,,M,ivj.>   : 

.  ,  Thefe  ifland6  are  known  in  our  Englilli  language  by  the  name 
o^ Zetland.  They  are  called  in  Dutch  HelJ:andf\hjx\i.Q  Danes  and 
Norw-egians,  Tetimdt'.  Without  naming  any  more  languages,  as 
nothing  to  the  purpofe,.  ,the  name  appears  plainly  to  be  of  Teu- 
tonifi;or  Gothjc  ori^iiialji  for  the  Dutch  name  Hetlandt  is  made 
up  of  two  -^ordSji.aiS  h&t^  fignifies  called'  .m  namkdy  and  landt  is 
land^':  which  in,-  ;Englill>  may  be  rendered  called  land^  or  aland. 
The  Daniili  name  alfo  is  two  words,  y^/  and  landt^  the  firft 
fignifying  the  number  one  or  a^  and  the  other  landy  which  two 
wor^d^  may  be,  expreffed  an  land^  or  a  land'^  nay,  even- the 
Englifti  name  olf  ifi'^lfqfjQontains  two  words,  if  it  be  allowed  that 
the  letter  2i;!vyas  ppt-'m-any  years  fi nee  ufed  for  Y  in*^  our  writings, 
and  then  it  would  be  pronounced  Teila'nd^  by,  which  it  would 
feetfl  that  the  firft  difcQV:ercrs,  having  found  Orkney  failing  north, 
he, who  firft  faw  Zetland  called  out  Tetland^.  ox-  a  landy  which 
became  the  common  niame  of  thofe  iflands.  This-  to  me  appears 
the  moft  probable  conjecflure,  leaving  others  at  liberty  to  find  out 
a  \)etter  etymology  th.er.eof  at  their  plcafure. 

CHAP. 


OFZETLAND.  ^. 

^:b'k  A  p.   III. 

^  Defer ipiion  of  the  Air,  Soil,  and  produdl  of  Zetland. 

AiR.J,  Zetland,  being  very  mountainous,  abounding  \vitl:B 
frefh- water  lakes  and  marflies,  and  furrounded  with  the  lea,  is 
for  the  moft  part  ftill  covered  with  fogs,  which  make  the  air 
thick,  and  therefore  not  fo  cold  in  winter  as  many  other  places 
of"  a  far  more  fouthern  fituation,  but  unwholefome  to  breathe  iny 
and  occafion  frequent  fevers,  colds,  rheums,  ;anf(i;.jrc\irvey,  the 
common  difeafes  of  the  country  ;  but  the  .  often  and  exceeding 
hard  gales  of  wind  that  blow  here  help  to  purify  the  air,  as-^ 
alfo  ip  winter,  fometimes  frofts  and  fnow,  which  feldom  laft 
long,  fo  that  it  is  not  very  cold  here  in  winter,  nor  is  it  offe. 
warm,  much  lefs  hot  in  fummer,  and  the  air  is  tolerably  healthful. 

So  I  L.J     Thele  iflands  lying  in  the  13th  north  climate,,  andi 
furrounded  with  the  fea,  cannot  be   thought  very   fertile  ;    and. 
being  all    mountains    and    marflies,   -fo  Joked  with    the   almofl 
perpetual  rains  that  fall  here,   efpecia.lly,' in    the  ;  winter   feafon,, 
the  ground  is  kept  fo  cold,  that  little  or  nothing  can  grow  put 
of  it,  efpecially  the  inland  part,  which  is  generally  all  covered- 
with  heath  and  mofs ;   the    arable   and  grafs  ground  is    motlly 
nigh  the  fea-coail,  and  produceth  only  fmall  oats,   an.d  bear,  a 
kind  of  barley.     In  fome  places  there  is  very  good  grxifs-ground 
and  hay ';  but  the  people  have  not  the  right  way  of  making  their 
hay,  nor  have  they  often  fo  much  dry  weather  as  to  make  it  good. 
The  arable  land  in  fome  places  here,  is  very  good,  and  yields  as 
much  increafe  in  good  years  as  the:y  have  in   better  countries;: 
and  the  arable  ground  might  be  much  more, improved,   but  the 
people  are  generally  taken  up  about  the  fifhing  in  fummer,  and 
in  winter  it  is  bad  weather  and.  Ihort  daysj  fo  there  is  little  to » 

be: 


^  HISTOJ^I€|L,   DJiaCRIPTION 

be  done  without  doors.  There  grow  no  trees  here.  In  the 
gentlemen's  fmall  gardens  grow  very  good  roots,  fuch  as  turneps, 
parfaeps,  carrots,  and  crurnocks,  falet,  and  all  fuch  herbs  and 
flowers  as  grow  in  the  north  of  Scotland  will  grow  here,  if 
pains  be  taken  about  them ;  alfo  goofeberries,  currants,  ftraw- 
berries,  and  artichokes.  Fruit  and  barren  trees  will  alio  grow  if 
fenced  with  a  ditch,  and  much  care  taken  about  them,  but 
feldom  come  to  bear  fruit ;  potatoes  grow  here,  but  the  people 
will  not  be  at  the  pains  to  plant  them ;  there  is  plenty  of  cabbage 
much  ufed  by  the  inhabitants. 

Of  the  oats  and  barley  that  grow  here  they  make  meal  and 
malt,  but  never  have  fo  much  thereof  in  the'beft  years  as  to  ferve 
the  country  ;  and  in  bad  years  not  fo  much  as  will  ferve  them 
four  or  fix  months  in  the  year;  fo  there  are  yearly  imported  from 
Orkney  aftd  Scotland  confiderable  quantities  of  meal  and  malt. 

There  is  in  feveral  places  abundance  of  limeftone,  and  thofe 
places  are  reckoned  the  beft  arable  and  grafs  ground  ;  in  other 
places  are  quarries  of  free-ftone,  and  in  others  flate. 

There  were  never  any  mines  difcovered  yet  in  thefe  iflands;  but 
fome  are  of  opinion,  that  lead  and  iron  mines  might  be  found 
in  fome  places  of  them.  For  fuel  they  have  peat  or  turf,  dug 
out  of  the  mofs  the  beginning  of  fummer,  and  dried  with  the 
fun,  and  fo  put  up  in  ftacks  for  ufe,  fome  whereof  are  little  in- 
ferior  to  the  belt  coals. 

In  all  thefe  iflands  are  plenty  of  frcfli  water  fprings,  befides 
the  lakes  and  burns. 

Beasts].  In  all  thefe  iflands  are  oxen  and  cows  of  fome- 
what  larger  fize  than  thofe  in  Orkney  and  Caithnefs ;  the  oxen 
ferve  for  plowing  thie  ground,  and  the  cow^s  for  giving  milk, 
of  which  they  make  butter,  wherewith  moft  of  the  land  rent  is 
paid,  and  it  is  as  good  as  any  where  elfe  when  rightly  made ;  but 

■  the 


O     F       Z     E    T     L     A     N    D,  25 

the  people  being  caielefs  in  making  the  rent  butter,  it  is  uncter- 
vahied  at  foreign  markets,  which  is  a  great  lofs  to  the  country, 
and  Ibme  efforts  have  been  uftd  of  late  to  oblige  the  people  to 
make  the  butter  right,  fo  they  begin  to  make  it  better.  They 
keep  juft  as  many  oxen  and  cows  as  ihey  can  find  fodder  for  in 
winter. 

In  many  places  there  is  plenty  of  flieep  of  a  fmall  kind,  like 
thofe  in  the  north  of  Scotland,  and  they. might  be  much  more 
numerous  than  they  are,  if  care  was  taken  of  them  as  in  other 
places;  but  they  lie  fummer  and  winter  in  the  open  fields  expofed 
to  the  rigour  of  the  feafon,  and  have  no  food  but  what  they  can 
find  for  themfelves;  and  in  fnowy  winters  moft  of  them  die 
.with  hunger  and  t-old.  They  do  not  A\ear  the  Iheep  here ;  but 
in  the  month  of  May  their  fleece  begins  to  loofen,  and  then  it  is 
pulled  off,  and  againil  winter  another  is  grown  up  fufficient  to 
protect  them  from  the  cold.  Of  the  flieep-milk  they  make  feme 
butter  and  cheefe,  which  is  not  reckoned  fo  good  as  that  of  the 
cows  milk ;  and  of  the  w^ool  they  make  coarfe  cloth,  fluffs, 
ftockings.  Sec.  but  the  want  of  walk-mills  is  a  very  great  lofs 
to  the  country,  to  fupply  which,  and  for  the  encouraging  the 
woollen  manufa6lories  there,  the  right  honourable  the  Earl  of 
Morton  has  been  pleated  of  late  to  order  a  walk-mill  to  be  built 
at  his  Lordfliip's  expence,  for  the  benefit  of  the  country  ;  what 
wool  they  have  more-  than  ferves  the  country  is  bartered  with 
the  Orkney  men  for  fluffs  and  linnen-cloth  yearly. 

Here  are  horfes,  but  of  extraordinary  fmall  fize,  fome  v/hereof 
are  very  pretty  and  of  excellent  mettle,  and  vs  ill  cany  a  man 
over  thefe  mountains  and  raoffes,  where  a  large  horfe  could  be 
of  no  ufe,  and  they  are  otherways  very  fer viceable  to  the  country 
people,  and  would  be  more  numerous  if  any  way  cared  for ; 
but  they  lie  out   in  the  open  fields  fummer  and  winter,  and  get 

E  no 


26  HISTORIGAL    DESCRIPTION 

no  food  but  what  they  can  find  tor  themfelves;  fo  in  bad  winters 
many  of  them  die  with  hunger  and  cold.  It  will,  no  doubt,  be 
wondered  at  by  ftrangers,  that  fo  little  care  is  taken  about  thefe 
flieep  and  horfes  which  are  fo  vifeful  and  beneficial  ;  the  reafon 
whereof  is,  that  the  pcor  inhabitants,  having  ufed  their  utmofl 
endeavours,  can  fcarce  find  food  and  llielter  for  their  oxen  and 
cows,  without  which  they  could  not  live  ;  and  in  hard  winters 
many  of  them  die  for  want  of  fodder,  io  they  have  none  to 
beftow  on  their  flieep  and  horfes,  until  they  find  more  time  to 
improve  the  land. 

Here  are  alio  fvv'ine  of  a  fmall  kind,  and  they  might  be  much 
more  numerous  than  they  are,  but,  being  found  very  hurtful 
in  turning  up  and  fpoiling  the  grafs  ground,  the  people  are 
reftrided  by  a  country  a6f  to  fuch  a  fmall  number  proportionable 
to  the  land  they  labour,  which  number  they  muft  not  exceed. 
The  beft  mutton  and  pork  here,  when  rightly  fed,  is  as  good  as 
any  where  el fe,  and  there  isjuii:  as  much  of  it  as  ferves  the 
country,  but  little  or  none  for  export,  the  reafon  whereof  is, 
that  the  common  people  having  little  bread,  mult  eat  the  more 
fleOi,  they  living  more  upon  filh  and  fleili  than  bread. 

There  are  no  wild  beafts  in  Zetland,  except  rabbets,  of  which 
there  is  plenty  in  many  places  of  the  country ;  nor  is  there  any 
noxious  animal,  fave  the  whitred  or  weafel,  who  is  very  hurtful 
to  the  rabbets  and  wildfowls,  deitroying  the  young  brood  in  all 
thefe  iflands,  or  tame  fowls,  fuch  as  hens,  geefe,  and  ducks, 
few  of  any  other  kind  ;  wild  fowl  were  much  more  numerous 
than  now,  fuch  as  pluvers,  whapes,  ducks  of  feveral  kinds, 
fnipes,  fterlings,  fparrows,  larks,  and  fuch  fmall  birds  ;  wild 
doves,  lapwings,  and  chalders.  There  is  alfo  here  over  winter 
fwans,  herons,  wild  geefe  of  feveral  kinds,  who  all  go  away 
in  the  fpring,    and  return  again  in  autumn.    Here  is  abundance 

of 


O    F      Z    E    T    L    A    N    D.  27. 

of  hawks  of  different  kinds,  eagles  or  erns,  corbies,  crows,  and 
chalders,  or  Tea  piats;  many  fea  fowls,  as  ember  geefe,  rain  geefc, 
fcarfes  or  cormorants,  gulmawes,  kitiweaks,  lires,  tarets,  2>lc. 
Amphibious  creatures  here  are  feals  and  otters.  We  have  no 
rivers,  but  a  great  many  burns,  or  rivulets,  well  ftored  with 
trout,  that  fwim  in  them  from  the  frelh-water  lakes  to  the 
fea,  and  again  retvirn  by  them  to  thefe  lakes  at  feveral  feafons 
in  the  year.  There  are  of  thofe  trouts  as  big  as  ordinary  falmon. 
Other  frefli-water  fifli  here  are  only  eels  and  liouks  or 
flounders.  Salt-water  fifli  round  the  coalt  of  all  thefe  iflands 
are  herring  in  great  abundance,  in  the  months  of  June,  July, 
Auguft,  and  September  ;  but  they  are  beft  in  June  and  July  ; 
mackrel,  ling,  cod,  frefli  haddocks,  whitings,  turbots,  fiuiks, 
ikets,  conger  eels,  crowners,  and  Jaith^  which  is  a  large  black 
■fifli  as  big  as  a  cod,  and  the  younger  fort  of  thefe,  very  fmall, 
called  Jellocks  2X\(\  pellocks :  Thefe  fmall  fifli  are  of  great  ufe 
to  the  country  people,  who  feed  upon  them  moft  part  of  the- 
year,  and  of  their  livers  they  make  confiderable  quantity  of 
oil.  There  is  alio  upon  thefe  coafts,  at  fome  feafons,  vail;  nambeis 
pf  hoas^  a  kind  of  fmaller  fliark,  very  hurtful  to  the  filhermen's 
lines  and  nets ;  alio  a  big  fort  of  them  called  boap^ers,  with 
Ikins  like  fliagreen.  At  fome  times  there  come  upon  thefe  coafts 
a  great  many  fraall  whales  of  different  kinds,  and  when  falling 
into  a  bay,  the  country  people  colledt  as  many  boats  as  can  be 
got,  and'  drive  them  into  a  creek,  and  there  kill  them  with 
fcythes,  fpits,  and  fuch  other  weapons  as  they  can  afford. 
As  foon  as  they  are  got  aihore,  the  bailie  of  the  parifli  is  adver- 
tized, who  comes  to  the  place,  and  takes  care  that  none  of  them 
are  embe7zlcd ;  and  he  acquaints  the  admiral  thereof,  who  forth- 
with goes  there,  and  holds  a  court,  where  the  phifcal  prefents 
a"  *  petition,   narrating   the  number  of  whales,   how  and   wiiere 

E   2  drove 


£8  HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

drove  afliore,  and  that  the  judge  may  give  judgement  thereupon 
according  to  law  and  the  country  pradlice ;  wliereupon  the  ad- 
miral ordains  the  whales  drove  on  Ihore  to  be  divided  in  three 
equal  parts  ;  one  of  the  parts  to  belong  to  the  admiral,  one  part 
to  the  falvers,  and  one  third  part  to  the  proprietor  of  the  ground 
on  which  the  whales  are  drove  afliore,  and  appoints  two  honeft 
nien  to  divide  the  whales,  and  mark  them  with  the  letters  A.  B.  C. 
Thefe  dividers  are  judicially  fworn  to  divide  them  equally, 
Vvhich  being  done,  each  third  fliare  is  marked  with  a  letter,  and 
drawn  accordingly  as  decerned  by  the  admiral;  the  miniiler  or 
vicar  of  the  parilli  claims  the  tythes  of  the  whole,  and  com- 
monly gets  it;  the  baillie  alfo  claims  the  heads  for  his  attendance, 
and  if  the  admiral  find  that  he  has  done  his  duty,  the  heads  are 
decerned  to  him,  otherways  not.  The  biggeft  of  thefe  whales 
will  be  about  i8  or  20  foot  long  ;  but  moil:  of  them  not  half 
that  length  ;  of  their  fpih  they  make  oil,  and  the  beft  kind 
will  yield  about  a  barrel  of  oil  each  over  head,  or  a  little  more; 
but,  if  they  are  of  the  fmaller  kind,  they  will  yield  much  lefs ;  there 
is  a  vaft  deal  of  trouble  and  charge  in   making  the  oil  right. 

There  are  in  moft  places  of  thefe  iflands  plenty  of  fliell  fifh, 
fuch  as  oyfters,  mufcles,.  cockles,  cullock  fpouts,  buckles,  wilks,, 
limpets,  crabs,  and  partans  ;   but  very  few  lobfters. 

TroduB  of  Zetland  for  Export,. 
Commodities  yearly  exported  are,  fait  well  dried,  cod,  ling, 
tuflc,  and  faith  fifn,  forae  ttock-filli  and  fahed  herrings,  butter, 
filh-oil,  flockings  and  worfted  fluffs,  to  foreign  markets  ;  and 
wool,  horfes,  and  fkins,  coaft-ways  to  Orkney  and  Scotland. 
For  exporting  the  filli,  butter,  and  oil,  which  is  the  principal 
prodvi6t  of  Zetland,  there  ufed  formerly  ten  or  twelve  (rnall 
fl"jips  to  come  here  annually  from  Hamburgh  and  Bremen ;  and 
thefe  Hamburgh  and  Bremen  merchants  had  their  booths  in  the 

o 

%  mod 


O    F      Z    E    T    L    A    N    D.  i^ 

moil  convenient  places,  where  they  received  the  fifli,  butter,  and 
oil,  from  the  country  people.  They  falted  and  dried  the  filli 
themfelve^,  and  ftaid  for  receiving  thefe  goods  from  the  firft  of 
May  till  the  laft  of  Auguft.  They  paid  the  proprietor  of  the 
ground  a  conliderahle  rent  yearly  for  their  booths,  and  the  ufe 
of  the  ground  upon  which  they  cured  their  fifli.  Thefe 
foreigners  did  yearly  import  hemp,  lines,  hooks,  tar,  linen - 
cloth,  tobacco,  fpirits,  and  beer,  for  the  filliers,  and  foreign 
money  wherewith  they  purchafed  their  cargoes.  But  when  the 
high  duty  was  laid  upon  foreign  fait,  and  curtom  houfe  officers 
fent  over,  and  a  cuftom-houfe  iettled  at  Lerwick,  thefe  foreigners 
could  not  enter,  and  fo  the  inhabitants,  and  many  of  the  heritors 
or  landlords,  were  obliged  to  turn  mercliants  and  export  the 
country  oroduft  to  foreign  markets,  and  had,  in  return  there  for 
money  and  fuch  other  neceflaries  as  the  country  could  not  fub- 
fill  without ;  but  the  prime  coit  of  the  fiili  here  being  very 
dear,  and  a  Handing  price  which  the  fifliers  will  not  alter  ;  (viz.) 
3d.  each  ling,  i^  each  cod,  and  5  lliilling  (lerling  each  barrel 
of  herrings,  confidering  the  great  fatigue  and  charge  the 
poor  fifliermen  are  at,  and  the  fmall  quantity  they  catch,  they 
cannot  afford  to  fell  them  cheaper  ;  however,  fuch  a  prime  coif, 
with  the  value  of  the  fair,  and  cafh  and  charges  in  curing  them; 
and  that  foreign  markets  often  prove  very  precarious,  the  ex- 
porters ieldom  make  much  by  theie  goods  exported  ;  nay,  when 
fliip's  freight  and  charges  are  dedu61ed,  they  oftener  lofe  than 
gain  ;  but  the  bounty-money  allowed  upon  fifli  exported  helps  to 
ftop  fome  of  the  chai'ges,  btherwife  they  could  not  be  able  to 
carry  on  that  trade,  as  markets  have  been  abroad  for  feveral 
years  paft,  that  neither  fiili,  butter,  nor  oil,  has  given  any  price. 
Saith  filh  are  only  catched  in  the  pariili.  of  Dunroffnefs,  and  arq 
cured  with  home  falt^  and  fent  co'afll ways,  and  fold  at  Leith  and 

Dundee  ; 


20  HIS  TORICxVL   DESCRIPTION 

Dundee  ;  there  are  but  few  herrings  cured  here  for  export,  by 
the  inhabitants ;  but  vail  quantities  are  yearly  taken  by  the  Hol- 
landers upon  our  coaft  in  the  months  of  June  and  July,  that 
being  the  time  that  the  herrings  are  beft  ;  the  bounty-money 
allowed  by  the  government  upon  herrings  exported  is  very  fmall, 
being  only  2S.  8d.  per  barrel,  which  difcourageth  our  merchants 
to  cure  them  for  export,  being  a  great  charge  in  curing  them, 
and  markets  very  uncertain  ;  wool  is  only  exported  to  Orkney, 
•which  is  generally  bartered  with  the  Orkney  men  ;  as  alio  our 
little  horics,  called  by  them  Shekies,  for  worfted  ftiffs,  and  linen 
cloth.  ,,. 

The  longefl:  days  here  may  be  reckoned  about  twenty  hours, 
for  from  the  firft  of  May  to  the  middle  of  July,  we  have  no 
nighty  but  a  twilight  for  a  few  hours,  fo  that  one  may  read  a 
letter  at  12  o'clock  at  night,  if  the  horizon  be  not  very  much 
overclouded  ;  and  the  fliorteft  day,  which  is  the  beginning  of  De- 
cember, will  be  about  5  hours,  the  liin  riling  a  little  before  ten, 
^nd  fetting  as  much  before  three. 

G   H  A  P.      IV. 

Of  the  Manners^  hqnguage^  ,  and  Religion. 

Manners].  The  antient  inhabitants  of  Zetland  were  a 
very  indolent  fimple  fort  of  people,  who  lived  v^ry  meanly: 
"they  were  all  fidiers,  and  their  food  for  the  mod  part  was  fifli 
and  milk,  being  at  little  or -no  pains  to  improve  the  ground,  fo 
they  had  little  bread,  or  malt  drink.  They  drank  a  fort  of  whey, 
called  l/Zandy  ^  of  \\:h\ch  they  riiadc  confiderable  quantities  in 
rummer,  while '  th^y'  had  plenty,  ot*  milk,  and  laid  it  up  for 
winter  ftores J  and  it  is  flill  the  drink  moft  ufed  here  amongit  the 

poorer 


'      '  ■  G     F       Z     E     T     L     A    N     D.  "s'l 

poorer  fort,   who  are  not  able  to  afFord  better;   and  it  is  laid, 
that  the  men  were  flrongerj  and  hved  much  longer,  befoie  they 
knew  the  ufe  of  malt  drink,   or  fpirits,  than  what  they  do  now 
lince  thefe  became   more    common.   They  had   but   little  arable 
ground,   and  that   was    for- the    molt    part   the  property  of  the 
poffeffors  thereof,   who  were  all   little  heritors,   or  udellers,  and 
was  conveyed  to  their  fucceffors  by  a  title  called  Udell  Succeffio?!^ 
of  which  afterwards.   After  Zetlahd  became  fubjeit  to  the  crown 
of  Scotland     many   Scotifli    people  came   over    to    it,   fome  in  a 
civil,   others  in   an  ecclefiaftic  capacity,   and  fettled  here,  who  in 
procefs  of    time    acquired   moft    of   the   arable    land    from   the 
antient  inhabitants,   who  became  their  tenants,  and  were  obliged 
to  improve    that  ground    for   others   which    formerly  they  had 
neither   thrift  nor  fenfe  to  do  for  themfelves.    Thefe  in-comers 
brought  the  cuftoms  and  manners  of  the  party  they  came  from 
to  take    place  here,   and    are  at  prefent   much   the  fame  as  in 
Scotland.   Moil  people  of  conditie)n  having  their  childfe'n    edu- 
cated at  Edinburgh,   the  gentry  are   as  polite  here  as  'elfewhere, 
and' live   as   handfom'ey    according  "to   their    fmall    income,   and 
what  they  can  afford,  as  any  in  Britain  of  their  rank ;  the  com- 
mon people  alfo   in    their  manners   and  way  of  living  are    no 
way  inferior  to  thofe  of  that  kind  in  the  north  parts  of  Britain  ; 
and  moft   of  theni'  ftriving  td  live    better  than  what   they  "can 
afford,   they   are  getiera'lly  poor,   but   it  is  with   them,  as  in   all 
other  places,   the  indulfrious  and  laving  are  rich,   and  the  indo- 
lent and  carelefs  mifcr:ible  poor ;  the  lalt  being  flill  moft  numerous 
in  tlie  iflands  of ''Zetland. 

JL  A  N  G  Cj  A  G  Ev] '  '  The  '  sintient  '  language  fpoken  by  the  inha- 
bitants of  Zetland  wa^  that  of  ttie  Norvegians  called  Noni^  and 
continued  to  be  that  only  fpoken  by  the  natives  till  of  late,  and 
many  of  them  fpeak  it  to  this  day  amongft  themfelves ;  but  the 

language 


,3*  HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

language  now  Ipoken  here  is  Englilh,  which  they  pronounce 
with  a  very  good  accent  ;  and  many,  efpecially  about  Lerwick, 
fpeak  Dutch  very  well,  having  had  frequent  occafion  to  converfe 
with  the  Dutch  people. 

Religion].  The  antient  religion  of  Zetland  was  Paganilm ; 
but  the  Chriilian  religion  was  planted  here  as  Ibon  as  in  the 
Orkneys,  they  being  from  the  beginning  one  bidioprick.  Who 
was  the  firft  bifliop,  and  how  many  bilhops  there  have  been  ot" 
Orkney  and  Zetland,  may  be  fee n  in  our  Church  Hiftories  ojf 
Scotland,  to  which  I  (hall  refer  any  who  vyant  to  be  informed 
thereof;  but  tiie  bifliop  Hill  had  his  refidence  in  Orkney, 
and  planted  Zetland  with  priefts  and  fuch  other  clergymen  as  he 
thought  proper,  who  made  it  their  bufuiefs  to  inftruct  the  poor 
fimple  inhaljitants,  who  were  naturally  fuperftitious,  in  all  the 
grofs  errors  of  the  church  of  Rome,  efpecially  the  dodrine 
of  merit,  by  which  they  perfuaded  the  ignorant  Udellers  to 
make  donations  of  their  lands  to  the  churchy  in  the  name  of 
fome  Saint,  who  would  intercede  for  them,  and  bring  them  to 
heaven,  as  they  believed  ;  wher<2by  a  great  part  of  the  Udel 
lands  of  Zetland  came  to  the  bifhiop  of  Orkney.  The  firlf  pro- 
teftant  bifliop  of  Orkney  and  Zetland  is  faid  to  have  been  Adam 
Bothwell,  who,  having  been  long  bifliop  thereof,  did  at  laft  make 
an  exchange  of  that  biflioprick  with  Robert  Steuart,  natural  fon 
to  king  James  V.  for  the  abbacy  of  Holy-rood-houfe,  of  which 
the  faid  Robert  was  prior,  by  a  gift  from  the  king  his  father. 
This  Robert  Steuart  having  got  pofTeffion  of  the  faid  biflioprick, 
and  the  Sinclairs,  formerly  earls  of  Orkney,  being  attainted  fo^ 
fome  crime  againft  the  crown,  the  fiiid  Robert  was  by  king  James 
VI.  created  earl  of  Orkney  and  lord  Zetland,  upon  the  2  ill  day  of 
Odober,  1570,  the  faid  earldom  and  lordfliip  being  by  the  king 


0 


,-  (O.F    Z  E  T  L  A  N  D..  33 

made  over  to  him  and  his  heirs  for   eyerj^  .he  became  heritable 
proprietor  thereof,  together,  w/th  the  biflioprick  it  that  time. 
Being  fliortly  after  the  Reformation  the  church  of  Scotland  was 
under  prefbyterian   governmant,   with  a  fiiperintendant  in  each 
diocefe,   with  fomething  of  epifcopal  power  in  church   affairs*^ 
But  whoever  was  luperintendant  of  Orkney,  earl  Robert  during 
his  life,   and   Patrick  his  fon  and  fuccelTor  after  his  death,  did 
rule    in    all    matters    civil    and  ecclefiaflick   at    their   pleafiire. 
Anno    1606,   the   king,    with    confent   of    parliament,  having 
eftabliflied  epifcopal  church  government  in  Scotland,  James  Lais) 
was  made  bifhop  of  Orkney  and  Zetland  ;   but  he  received  none 
of  the   bifliop's   rents   as  long  as  Patrick  earl  of  Orkney  lived, 
after  whofe  death   and   forfeiture,   the   iflands   of  Orkney  and 
Zetland  w,ere  annexed  to   the  crown   of  Scotland  ;   and  the  faid 
bifliop  Law,  with  confent  of  his  chapter,  did  enter  into  contradt 
^vith  the  king ;  whereby  they  difpone  and   refign  to  his  majefty 
and  his  royal  fucceflbrs  all  their  ecclefiallical  lands  and  pofleflions 
in  Orkney  and  Zetland,  with  all  rights  and  fecurities  belonging 
thei'eto,   to  be  incorporate   and  united  to  the  .;crown  forever; 
and  the   king  gives  back  pnd  difpone^,  to  the  -Vifhop  as  much, 
lands  and  tythes  in  Orkney  as  his  majgfty  judged,  a  fufhcient  pa- 
trimony to  the  bifhop  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,    to  be  polTefTed 
and  enjoyed  by  him  and  his  fucceflbrs  in  all  time  coming  :  the 
king  alfo  difponed  to  the  bifliop  and  his    fucceflbrs  the  right  of 
patronage  to  prefent  to  all  the  vicarages  of  Orkney  and  Zetland, 
\vith  power  to  them  to  prefent  qualified  minifters  as  often  as  the 
kirks  '  became    vacant,    difponing   alfo   to   them   the   heritable 
;^nd  perpetual  right  of  jurifdiftion  of  flieriff  and  bailifle  within 
^he  rlan(^S' and  patrimony  of .  the  bifhoprick,  excerning   all  pof- 
fe-flors  thereof  in  >all  caufesj  civil  apd  criminal,  from  ,the  jurif- 
didliion  of  the  flieriff  and  llcward  of  the  earldom,  together  alfo 
:  ;c,  F  "  with 


34  HISTORICAL   DESCRIPTION 

with   the  commiflarift  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,  with  power  to" 
conflitute  and  ordain  commiffars  clerks,   and  other  members  of 
court.      This  contrad  betwixt  the  king  and  the  bifliop  was  made 
anno  1614,  containing  feveral  other  church  privileges   and  be- 
nefices to  minifters  ;  which  was  in  the   following  year  ratified 
and  confirmed   by  a6t   of  Parliament,   called   the  A61  of  Piatt, 
^Thereby  all  the  minifters  of  Orkney  and  Zetland  were  provided  to 
ftipends,  which  continue  fo  ftill.    To  this  bifliop  Law  fucceeded 
George  Graham^   anno  161 5,  as  bifhop   of  Orkney  and  Zetland, 
Avho  poffefTed  that  bifhoprick  till  anno  1638  ;  at  which  time  the^ 
church  of  Scotland  being' again  brought  ilnder  Prefbyterian  go- 
vernment,  Graham  was  d'ivefted  of  his  biflioprick,   and  during 
the  continuance   of  Presbytrie    the    bifliop's    rents    of  Orkney- 
were  granted   by   parhament  to   the  city    of  Edinburgh,    who 
uplifted  them   by    factors    and  tarrhers    till  ahho    i66a5    that 
cpifcopafie  was  reftored  by  king  Charles  li.  after  his  reftoratioHj 
who  made  fhomas  St.  Serf  bifhop  of  Orkney  and  Zetland  ;   he 
lived  about  two  years  after  his  inftalmeht,   and  was  fucceeded  by 
Andrew  Honymdp^'  anno   16645' asJ' bifhop  of  Orkney  and  Zet- 
land, who  held  the  faid  bifhoprick  till  anno  1676.    To  him  fuc- 
ceeded Murdoch  Mackenziti,''^\io  continued  in  the  pofTeflion  of 
that  biflioprick  till  anno  f688,  about  which  time  the  Revolution 
happened  in  Scotland,   and  Presbyterian  church  government  was 
reftored.    But  the  miniflers  of  Orkney  and  Zetland  continued  in 
their  charges,   under  their  ©pif copal  ordination,  without  any  dif- 
tnrbance,  being    never   cnc^uired    after  till   anno  1700,  that  a 
committee  was  fent  over  by  the  general  affembly  to  fettle  the 
church    government    in    Orkney    and    Zetland,    wh^re   all  the 
minifters  conformed  to  Presbytrre;-' ahd  fighed  th£  'confeffion  of 
faith,  and  were  continued  irithdrki'rks,  fave  two  or  three,  more 
b^gotted  than  prudent,  who  would  not  conform,  fo  were  turned 

out 


O  F    Z  E  T  L  A  N  D.  ^^ 

out  of  their  kirks.      And  ever  iince  Zetland  has  been  under 
Presbyterian   church  government.     There  are  in  Zetland  twelve 
minirters,  befides  the  new  eredtion  of  Fair  Ifle  and  Foully  men- 
tioned before.     Thefe  thirteen  minillcrs  make  the  Presbytrie  of 
Zetland,  who  fend  yearly  one  of  their  number  as  commiilioaer 
for  them  to  the  general  affembly.     Each  of  thele  minillers  have 
the  charge    of    a   parifli,   and  in  each  parifli  in  Zetland,  fave- 
Lerwick,  there  are  two,  and  in  Ibme  three  parilh  churches.    The. 
country,   being  moft  part   barren  mountains,  is  but  thinly  in-, 
habited,   which    makes    wide   pariflies,   and  finds  the  minifters-' 
abundance  of  fatigue  in  travelling  through  their  charges  about 
tVieir  minifterial  work,  wherein  many  of  them  are  very  careful, 
and. the  people,  generally  fpeaking,   are  moft  obedient  and  fub- 
miffive  to  them,   and  the/minifters  here,   as  in  other  places,   are 
efteemed    and   reverenced    according  to  their  prudent  and  be- 
coming converfation.      Their  church  difcipline  by  "kirk  fcffions,i 
conftituted  of  elders  and  deacons,  is  in  the  fame  manner  as  com-; 
monly  pradifed  in  Scotland.      Before  the  Reftoration  of  patro-jr 
ilage,' the  Presbytrie  had  ..the  power  of  prefenting   nainiftefs   to 
vacant,  congregations ;  but,  by  the  a(ft  reftoring  patronages  in  thei 
reign.of  f the  :late  queen  Anne,  that  of  Orkney  and  Zetland   was 
by  her  majefty  bellowed  upon  the  right  honourable  the  earl  of 
Morton,   who  is  patron  of  ali.the  kirks  iij  .Orkney  ttnd  Zetland. . 
This  ait  of  patronage  is  reckoned  a  great  grievance  by  .Qur  :Preiri 
byterian  iiiinifters,  and  prelentations  are  v^ry  ill  ilooked  upon  by  ■ 
them,   efpecialiy  the  hotter  fort.     However,  there  was  never  any 
oppolition  made  to  them  here;  for  the  earl  having  always, treated 
the  Prefbytrie  with  a  great  deal   of  civility   and  kindnefs,   they 
are  moft  unwilling  to  go'.up.on  any  thing  that  might- in  thp^l-^aft 
difoblige  ;his  lordlhip.    Whenever  a  pardfli  becomes  :va;fant,^  .-the 
©arl  prefeirts'idme.qu'Tiliried  perfon  to  be  minifter  thereof,   w.ho 

F   2  having 


S6  HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

having  paft  the  ordinary' trials  before  the  Presbytrie,  and  beert 
approven  by  them,  as  alfo  having  a  popular  call  from  the  parilh 
where  he  is  to  be  minifter,  he  is  then  ordained  minifter  ia 
common  form,  by  laying  on  of  the  hands  of  the  Presbytrie^ 
Stc.  While  any  parifh  remains  vacant,  the  vacant  ftipend  is  col-, 
lected  by  the  earPs  orders,  which  his  lordfhip  always  beftows 
upon  pious  ufes  in  the  parilh;  and  did  never  appropriate  a 
farthing  thereof  to  any  other  ufe. 

There  being  no  fund  in  any  parifli  in  Zetland  for  a  fchool,, 
few  of  the  common  people  were  taught  to  read.  The  want 
of  parochial  fchoois  has  been  long  much  complained  of  by 
the  minifters,  and  many  efforts  were  made  to  have  a  fchool 
fettled  in  every  parifli  by  a  voluntary  contribution  of  the  inha- 
bitants, which  when  fet  up  in  any  one  place  in  the  parifli  was 
found  to  be  of  little  ufe  to  the  whole,  they  lying  fo  difcon- 
tiguous,  and  thofe  at  a  diftance  w^ere  not  capable  to  board  their 
children  from  home ;  fo  fuch  as  had  no  benefit  by  the  fchool 
refufed  to  pay  their  quotas ;  and  hence  the  fchool  broke  up 
before  it  was  well  fettled,  and  we  have  only  one  fchool  for 
Zetland  from  the  Society  for  Propagating  of  Chriftian  Knowledge, 
which  has  been  in  feveral  parifhes.  In  anno  1725  a  propofal 
was  fet  on  foot  for  fettling  a  fund  in  each  parilh  for  maintaining 
a- fchool,  and  in  a  full  meeting  of  the  heritors  at  the  head  court 
the  fcheme  was  prefented  to  them  by  the  fteward  depute,  copies 
thereof  having  been  fent  feveral  months  before  to  the  whole 
baillies  in  the  country,  to  be  intimate  to  the  heritors  in  their 
refpedlive  parifhes ;  and  the  right  honourable  the  earl  of  Morton, 
having' con  fented  thereto,  the  whole  heritors  of  Zetland  did  fign 
their  confent  alfo,  and  craved  that  an  adt  might  be  made  there- 
upon, and  the  authority  of  the  Steuart  court  interpafed  thereto, 
which  was  accordingly  done.    The  Propofal  and  A(5t  thereupon. 

is 


O  F      Z  E  T  L  A  N  D.  37 

is  in  the  Appendix  to  this  book,  which  now  obtains  in  kveral 
pariQies,  and  in  others  much  negledlcd,  juft  as  the  principle 
Jieritor  of  the  parilh  ftands  inchned  to  promote  fach  a  pubUc 
good  work. 

CHAP.      V. 

Of  the  Govermnent  <?/ Zetland,  antient  and  modern, 

THE  raoft  antient  government  that  can  any  way  be  gathered 
of  Zetland  is  that  it  was  under  while   fubjcvft  to  the   kings  of 
Norway  and  Denmark,   who   had   a  governor  here   called   the 
Fowd  of  Zetland,  who  was  judge  in  all  caufes  civil  and  criminal. 
Under  him  was  a  judge  in.  every  parilli,  called  the  Fowd  of  the 
parilh,  who  only  was  judge  in  fmall  matters,   and   for  keeping 
of  good  neighbourhood  amongft  the  inhabitants,  and  in  cafe  of 
any  thing  falling  out  above  his  jurifdidlion,  he  was  to  acquaint  the 
grand  Fowd  thereof,  and  to  fend  the  malefadtor  to  him  to  be  tried. 
The  Fowd  of  Zetland  was  alfo  chamberlain,  and  colleifted  the 
erown  rent,   which  was  at  that  time  only  a  redendo  called  Scaty 
payable  in  butter,   fifh  oil,  and  a  fort  of  very  coarfe  cloth,  called 
wad-niill',  the   arable  ground  being  all  at  firft  the  property  of 
the  immediate  poffelTors  thereof,   which  went  to  their  fucceflbrs 
by  a  verbal  title  called  Udell  Juccejjlon^  whereby  all  the  children,, 
male   and  female,  fncceed  equally  to  the  father  in   his  eftate, 
heritable  and  moveable.      Thefe  poor  Udellers  were  miferably 
opprelTed    by  the  governor,   or    Fowd,  and   kept    under,  being, 
forbidden  all  fort  of  commerce  with  foreigners,  as  the  fubjeds  of 
that  king  are  to  this  day  in  Fairo  and  Ifland  ;  fo  there  was  no 
fuch  thing  as  money  amongft  them  ;   and  what  they  had  of  the 
country  product  more  than  paid  the   crown    rent,  they  were 

obliged 


'I 


3?  HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

obliged  to  bring  to  the  governor,  who  gave  them  for  it  fuch 
necelTaries  as  they  could  noj:  be  without,  and  at  what  prices  he  had 
a  mind,  wherewith  they  were  obliged  to  reft  content,  having 
no  way  to  be  redrefled.  Kept  under  this  11  a  very  y  they  were 
miferably  poor,  carelefs,  and  indolent,  and  moft  of  their  young 
men,  wlien  grown  up,  finding  the  poor  living  their  native 
country  was  like  to  afford  them,  went  abroad,  and  ferved  in 
foreign  countries  for  their  bread,  and  feldom  or  never  returned ; 
fo  that  thefe  iflands  were  but  thinly  inhabited.  Thus  Zetland  con- 
tinued under  the  Danifli  government,  until  the  year  1470,  that 
king  James  the  Third  of  Scotland  was  married  to  Margaret 
daughter  to  the  king  of  Denmark,  with  whom  he  got  the  iflands 
of  Orkney  and  Zetland  in  dowry,  faid  to  be  redeemable  by  the 
king  of  Denmark  for  fifty  thoufand  florins  of  the  Pikine,  to  be 
paid  to  the  king  of  Scotland.  But  the  king  of  Denmark 
did,  upon  the  birth  of  king  James  the  P'ourth,  his  grandfon, 
renounce  by  a  charter  under  his  great  feal  all  right,  title,  and 
claim,  which  he  or  his  fucceffors,  kings  of  Denmark  might  have, 
or  pretend,  to  the  iflands  of  Orkney  and  Zetland  for  ever;  referv- 
ing  to  his  fubjeds  the  Danes  their  private  cil:ates  in  thefe  iflands, 
which  they  aitually  held  in  Zetland  for  many  years  thereafter, 
till  they  were  at  lall  purchafed  from  thern  by  feveral  gentlemen 
in  Zetland.,  and  are  known  by  the  name  of  'Sorazvay  lands  to  this 
day.  And  this  renunciation  of  thefe  iflands  is  again  confirmed 
by  Chriilian  king  of  Denmark  unto  king  James  the  Sixth, 
when  he  married  the  princefs  Anne  of  Denmark,  filter  to  the 
laid  Chriftian.o 

After  the  iflands  of  Orkney  and  Zetland  became  fubje^St  to  the 
crown  of  Scotland,  they  \yere  confeiTed  by  the  king  upon  fome 
noble  favourite,  with  the  dignity  of  earl  of  Orkney';  amongft 
whom  the  Sinclairs,  earls  of  Orkney,  are  faid  to'  be  tlielongeft  pof- 

fellbrs. 


OF    ZETLAND. 


$9- 


feffbrs,  but  at  what  time,  and  how  long,  they  were  earls  of 
Orkney  I  have  feen  no  fufficient  documents,  and  therefore  fliall 
refer  the  hiftory  of  that  antient  and  honourable  family  to  fome 
better  hands. 

The  tirft  I  find  dignified  with  the  title  of  Orkney,  after  th a 
Sinclairs  earls  of  Orkney,  is  James  Hepburn  y  earl  of  Both  we]  1^ 
who  was  created  duke  of  Orkney  by  Mary  queen  of  Scotland, 
fo  as  he  might  be  the  more  honourable  match  for  her  majelfy, 
who  was  married  to  him  upon  the  15th  of  May,  1567,  in  the 
palace  of  Holy-rood-houfe,  by  Adam  Eothwell,  bifliop  of 
Orkney.  This  James  duke  of  Orkney  built  the  caftle  of  Nout- 
land  in  Weflera,  a  fmall  illand  in  Orkney.  He  is  faid  to  be  no 
good  man;  and  being  hated  by  the  nobility,  as  fufpeded  to  have 
an  a<5live  hand  in  the  murther  of  Henry  lord  Darnly,  the  queen's 
former  hufband,  he  was  forced  to  fly  for  his  Ufe,  and  came  to 
Orkney,  where  he  found  but  cold  entertainment.  From  that  he 
came  to  Zetland,  where  having  ftaid  fome  time,  he  went  to 
Noraway,  where  he  was  taken  prifoner  by  order  of  the  king  of 
Denmark,  and  carried  to  Copenhagen,,  where  he  died,  after 
having  lain  ten  years  in  a  vile  prifon..  Thus  ended  James  duke 
of  Orkney,  who  had  as  little  pleafure  in  his  high  dignity,  as 
Orkney  had  credit  by  his  bearing  the  title  thereof. 

Robert  Stewart^  natural  fon  to  king  James  the  Fifth,  by 
Euphara,  daughter  to  Alexander  lord  Elphingfton,  was  created 
earl  of  Orkney  and  lord  Zetland,  by  king  James  the  Sixth, 
upon  the  aifl  day  of  Odober,  1570.  This  Robert  being  for- 
merly prior  of  Holy  Rood  houfe,  which  he  exchanged  with 
Adam  Both  well  bilhop  of  Orkney  for  that  biflioprick,  as 
mentioned  before,  he  took  pofTeffion  not  only  of  the  earldom 
of  Orkney,  and  lordfiiip  of  Zetland,  but  alfo  of  the  bilhop's 
rents  thereof,  and  fo  became  fole  proprietor  of  the  crown  rents, 
5  antl 


40 


H I S  T  O  R I  G  A  t    DESCRIPTION 


and  that  of  the  bifhoprick;  the  laft  whereof  was  become  Verycon- 
ijderable,   under  the  management  of  the   popifli   clergy,    unto 
which  he  added  new  acquifitions  of  lands  made  by  himfelf,    as 
purchafed  from  the  Udellers,  more  by  oppreffion  and  forfeitures, 
than  for  payment  of  the  vahie,  as  is  reported  of  him ;   and  alfo 
that   he  cxercifed  a  very   arbitrary    and   tyrannical   government 
over  his  dominions  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,  all  affairs   facred  and 
civil  therein    being   ordered    according    to    his    good    will    and 
pleaiLire.     He  lived  fometimes  in  Zetland,  and  built  a  houfcatr 
Sumburgh,  in  the  paridi  of  Dumoffnefs,  the  ruins  whereof  are 
yet    Handing,   called    the   Wejl-boufe,    He   had    ^Ifo  a  houfe  at 
Wetherfta,    in  the  parifli   of  Delting,   as   appears-  by   his   few 
charter  granted  to  Andrev/  Gifford,  of  Wetherfta,  dated  the  8th 
day  of-  July,    1583,   wherein  he   referveS  for  his   own  ufe   two 
or  three  rooms  in   the  houfe  of  Wetherfta.     This  Robert  earl 
of  Orkney  was  married  to  Jean  daughter  to  the  earl  of  Cailell, 
by  whom  he  had  Patrick  his  fon  and  fucceflbr. 
■    Patrick^  eirl  of  Orkney  and  lord  of  Zetland,  after  his  father's 
death,   came    to  the   poflTeflion  of  tliefe  iflands,   and  began   his 
government  in  the  fame  manner  his  father  ruled    before  him  ; 
but  is  faid  to  be  much   more    vicious   and   oppreilive  than   his  . 
predeceflbr.    Spot! wood  gives  a  charaCber  of  hirn  in  thefe  words : 
"  This  nobleman  (fays  he)   having  undone  his  eftate  by  riotous 
"  prodigality,  did  fcek    by  unlawful    fliifts   to   repair    the  fame, 
"  making  unjuft  ads   in  his   courts,   and  exading  penalties    for 
"  the  breach  thereof:   if  any  man  was  tried,  to  have  concealed 
"any   thing    that   might    infer  a    pecuniary    mulct,   and  bring 
*'  profit  to  the  earl,  his  lands  and  goods  were  declared  conlifcated; 
*'  or,  if  any  perlon  did  fue   for  juftice   before  any   other  judge 
*'  than  his  deputies,   his  goods  were  efcheated,   or  if  they   went 
"  forth  of  the  iiles   without  his  licence,  or  his  deputes,   upon. 

,,  "  what- 


O    F      Z    E    T     L    A    N    D.  4! 

"  whatfoever  occafion,  they  fliould  forfeit  their  moveables,   and  - 
"  wliich  of  all  his    a(fts    were    molt  inhumane,    he  ordered,  if 
"   any  man  was  tried    to  fupply,   or   give   relief  unto  lliips,   or 
*'.  any  veflels  ditlreffed  by  tempelt,  the  iame  Ihould  be  punillied' 
*'  Vn  his  perfon,   and  fined  at  the  earl's  pleafure." 

Thefe  adls  of  the  earl's  being  complained  of,   and  he  himfelf 
confefling  them  before  the  council,  they  were  by  them  declared 
unlawful,    and  the   execution    of   them   prohibited  in  all  time 
coming.      And  the  king  being  frequently  importuned   by  com- 
plaints from  the  poor  oppreffed  inhabitants  of  Orkney  and  Zet- 
land,  his  majefty  was  pleafed  to  reiolve  upon  redeeming  them 
from  the  tyranny  they  had  long  groaned  under,   and  for   effec- 
tuating thereof  did  purchafe  from  Sir  John  Arnut  a  mortgage^* 
that  he  had   from   Patrick  earl   of  Orkney,  upon   Orkney    and 
Zetland,   in    anno   16 13,   and    thereby   the  king,    having  taken 
thefe  iflands  into   his   own   hands,   fent  Sir  James  Steiiart,  lord 
Ochiltree,   to  take  pofTelTion  thereof,   as  his  majefty's  chamber- 
lain,  and  ftewart  of  Orkney  and    Zetland,   which    earl   Patrick, 
thena  prifoner  in  Dumbarton  callle,  oppoled,  by  fending  Robert- 
Stewart,   his  baflard  fon,   with    exprefs  command  to  oppofe  the 
king's  taking  poffeffion  of  thefe  iflands.      This  he  did,  but  was 
over-powered  by  the  king's  party,   and  carried  prifoner,    with 
fe-veral    more    of  the  earl's  fervants,  to  Edinburgh,   where  they 
were  all  hanged  at  the  crofs.      And  in  1614  earl    Patrick  was 
brought   from  Dumbarton   to  Edinburgh,   where    he  was  tried 
upon  feveral  crimes  of  treafon  and   oppreflion   libelled   againft 
him,  wherein  he  was  found  guilty,  and  condemned   to  be  exe- 
cuted,  and    accordingly  was  beheaded   on  the   6th   day  of  Fe- 
bruary faid  year,  and  his   eftate  forefault  to  the  crown.     This 
Patrick   earl   of  Orkney    built    the    caftle   of  Scallaway,  men- 
tioned before.   He  had,  by  oppreflion,  purchafcd  a  great  deal  of 
'  Q  l,ands 


4» 


HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 


lands  from  the  poor  Udellers  of  Zetland  ;  which  acquifitions 
made  by  him  and  his  father,  together  with  feveral  annual  pay- 
ments impofed  by  them  upon  the  poor  inhabitants,  had  raifed 
the  crown  rents  of  Zetland  to  double  what  they  formerly 
paid  to  any  of  their  predecellbrs.  And  fo  ended  the  family  p£ 
Steuarts  earls  of  Orkney  and  lords  of  Zetland. 

The  king  being  thus   peaceably  poiTeffed   of  thefe  iflands  of 
Orkney  and  Zetland,  they  were  annexed  to  the  crown  by  a6t  of 
parliament,   and  eredted  into  a  fteuartrie,   and  an  exail  rental 
made  out  of  the  whole  rents  as  paid  unto  Patrick  earl  of  Orkney  ^ 
which  rental  is  recorded  in  the  court  of  exchequer :   and  thefe 
rents  were  thereafter  paid  in  yearly  to  the  king's  exchequer  by 
chamberlains  and  taxmen,   until  anno  1647,  that  a  wadfet   or 
mortgage  of  thefe  iflands  of  Orkney  and  Zetland  was  made  over 
by  king  Charles  I.    unto  the  right  honourable  Wiliiam  Douglas 
earl  of  Morton^  lord  high  treafurer  of  Scotland,  and  knight  of 
the  garter,  together  with  the  jvirifdi6tion  thereof.  To  him  fucceedcd 
his  fon  Robert  earl  of  Morton  ;   who  was  fucceeded  by   his  fon 
JVilliam   earl  of  Morton,  who    continued   in  the    poffeflion  of 
Orkney  and  Zetland  until  anno  1662:   that  king  Charles  the 
Second  was  pleafed  to  redeem  the  earl  of  Morton's  right  to  thefe; 
iflands  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,   and  they  were  again  annexed  to 
the  crown  by  a*5t  of  parliament,   parliament  lid.  of  Charles  II. 
Seflions  I.  c.  13,   and  eredled   into   a  fteuartrie,  not  to  be  again, 
diflx)lved  from  the  crown  without  confent  of  parliament. 

Orkney  and  Zetland  being  thus  again  annexed  to  the  crown, 
the  king  was  pleafed  to  make  a  grant  of  the  rents  thereof,  to- 
gether with  the  jurifdi6tion,  unto  George  of  \\{Qo\\n\.Grandifon,. 
xinder  the  qondudt  and  management  of  John  earl  of  Middlo^ 
town,  William  duke  of  Hamilton,  William  earl  of  Morton,  and 
Sir  Andrew  Ramfiiy    of  Abots-hill,    with    fuU   power  granted 

unto 


OF     ZETLAl^a  45; 

unto  them  by  the  king,  not  only  to  fet  long  tacks,  and  heritable 
fews, .  of  the  king's  property  lands,  but  alfo  to  grant  charters  to 
the  heritors  and  ndellers  upon  their  udel  lands,  holding  few  of 
the  crown  for  payment  of  an  annual  reddendo,  formerly  paid,* 
called  the.  Seat  and  Watle^  and  for  that  end  they  fent  over  Alex- 
ander Douglas,  of  Spynie,  their  deputy,  clothed  with  a  full 
power  and  commiffion  to  fet  long  tacks,  and  heritable  fews  of 
the  king's  property  lands  in  Zetland  and  Orkney  for  payment  of 
a  certain  few  duty  yearly  ;  and  alfo  to  grant  charters  to  the 
heritors  and  udellers  upon  their  udel  lands,  holding  in  few  of 
the  king  as  fuperior  for  the  annual  payment  of  a  reddendo,  called 
the  Seat  and  Watle.  So  all  the  heritors  and  fewers  in  Orkney 
and  Zetland  did  take  holdings  from  Spynie,  as  having  full 
power  in  the  manner  above-mentioned  for  granting  thereof, 
excepting  fuch  of  the  heritors  as  had  formerly  got  charters  of 
Confirmation  from  the  crown,  of  which  there  was  only  in  Zet- 
land Sinclair  of  Brough.  By  granting  of  thefe  charters,  Spynie 
raifed  a  very  confiderable  fum  of  money  of  the  heritors  and 
fewers  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,  as  appears  by  a  particular  account 
thereof  for  Zetland,  amounting  to  the  fum  of  15,000  pounds 
Scots,  which  was  very  heavy  upon  many  of  them.  This  Alex- 
ander Douglafs,  of  Spynie,  continued  fteuart-depute  and  cham- 
berlain of  the  crown-rents  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,  until  anno 
1669,  that  the  king  was  pleafed  to  recall  the  grant  made  to 
the  vifcount  of  Grandifon,  and  the  a61:  of  annexation  of  the 
Tflands  of  Orkney  and  Zetland  to  the  crown  was  again  ratified 
by  parliament,  and  the  rents  thereof  were  yearly  paid  in  to  the 
court  of  exchequer  by  the  taxmen  and  chamberlans  of  the 
fame,   as  following  : 

Anno    1670,    Mr.   George    Scot,    of  Gibliftown,    was   made 
ftewart  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,  and  taxman  of  the  crown  rents 

G   2  thereof| 


44^  HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

thereof,  payable  to  the  king's  exchequer.  He  continued  five, 
years. 

Anno  1675,  captain  Andrew  Dick  was  made  fleuart  of  Ork- 
ney and  Zetland,  and  taxman  of  the  crown-rents  thereof,  ac- 
countable to  the  court  of  exchequer,  who  continued  five  years. 

Anno  1 681,  Charles  Murray,  of  Hadon,  and  Sir  Robert 
Milne,  of  Barntown,  became  taxmen  and  fteuarts  of  Orkney 
and  Zetland,  accomptable  to  the  exchequer,    and  continued  five; 

years.  ,    jf-'rij,  o*   r  !-• 

Anno  1686,  William  Craige,  of  Garfay,  was  made  fleuart 
of  Orkney  and  Zetland,  and  taxman  of  the  crown-rents  iher^of^ 
payable  to  the  exchequer,  "which  he  kept  five  year5. 

Anno  1 69 1,  Colonel  Robert  Elphinglton,  of  Lapnefs,  was 
made  tteuart  and  chamberlain  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,  accompt- 
aye  to  the  exchequer.  He  continued  two  years. 
.).  Anno  1693,  Sir  Alexander  Brand,  of  Brandsfield,  became 
fteuart  and  taxman  of  the  rents  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,  j)ayable 
to  tire  exchequer,   and  continued  four  years. 

Anno  1697,  the  honourable  Mr.  Robert  Douglafs,  afterward 
earl  of  Morton,  was  made  fieuart  and  taxman  of  the  crown- 
rents  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,  and  continued  one  year. 
„  Anno  16985  Sir  William  Menzie,  and  Sii"  Samuel  Maclallen^^. 
became  fieuarts  and  taxmen  of  the  crown  rents  of  thefe  iflands, 
accountable  to  the  exchequer,  and  continued  five  years. 

: Anno.  1703,  the  right  honourable  James  Douglafs,  earl  of 
Morton,  ,got  the  crown- rents  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,  together 
with  the  juiifdidions  therex)f,  from  queen  Ann,  he  being  ac- 
countable to  her  majeliy's  exchequer  for  thefe  rents;  but  the 
queen  having  taken  into  conlideration  the  great  lofs  and  damage 
that  the  antient  and  honourable  family  of  Morton  had  furtained 
by/^h^ir  conitant  and  firm  adherence  to  the  interell  of  the  royaj 

family, 


O    F      Z    E    -T  -L    A    N    D. 


^5 


family,  efpecially  tluiing  the  civil  wars,  in  the  reign  .of  king 
Charles  I,  aiitl  Cromweirs  vifurpation,  whereby  that  once 
eminent  and  illuftrious, family  of  Morton  was  brought  very  low-; 
her  majqfty  was  pleafed  by  her  gift  and  difpofition,  dated  at 
her  court  at  Kenfuigton,  upon  the  firft  day  of  February,  anno 
1706-7,.  to  diflblve  from,  the  crown,  and  difpone  unto  James 
,earL  of  Morton,. ;hiS'-heirS(  and  fuccelTors,  the  earldom  of  Orkney 
.and  lordfliip  of  Zetland,  with  a  charter  thereupon,  under  the 
great  feal,  ratified  and  confirmed  by  confent  of  parliament.  The 
faid  noble  earl  holding, the  faid  earldom  and  lordlhip  in  few  af 
the  crown  fqr  the  yca;rly  payment  of :  the  fum  of  500  pounds 
fterling "money,  in  name  of  few  duty,  the  faid  earldom  and  lord- 
fliip  being  redeemable .  by  the  crown  for  payment  to  the  faid 
noble  earl,  his  heirs  or  fucceffors^  of  the  fum  of  30,00a  pounds 
ilerling.  ^  By  this  gift,  and  difpofition,  tlie  earl  of  Morton  is 
heritable  fleuart,  jafticiary,  llieriff,  at>d  bailiif^jw ithin  the  earldonai 
of  Orkney  a-nd  lordfiiip  of  Zetland,  and  is  jndge  competent,  ia 
all  caufes,  civil  and  criminal,  within  that  jurifdi6ion,  excepting 
high-tr^afon,  reductions,  improbatiojis,  redemptions,  and  fud^- 
penfious,  having  all  the  powers  competent  to  a  lowi  of  .regality^ 
Scotland,  excepting  that  power  which  they  have  of  directing  o^ 
briefs,  and  ferving  them  before  themfelves;  but  all  briefs  of  land  irt 
the  fteuartrie  are  raifed  from  the  court  of  chancery,  and  r£toureil 
theret^.  .The  earl  of  Morton  has  alio  power  by  his  gift  from  th^ 
crown  to  grant  charters  of  confirmation  to  the  heritors  and  fewer^ 
^f  Orki]ey  and  Zetland  to  hold  of  the  crown  for  payment  of, the. 
ufual  few  duty ;  the  faid  noble  earl  by  his  faid  gift  is  alfo  patron  of 
all  the  kirks  in  Orkney  and  Zetland.  .  . 

The   earf  ,of    Morton,    a,s   heritable  fteuart  and    jul'^ieiar /of 

Orkney  and  Zetland,. appoints  apdeommiffions  deputes,  there  fop 

...admiaiiteriugof  juilice  to  the  liegeSj.and  punifhing  of  malefadors-. 

,  conicrmi 


4«  H  I  S  T  O  ft.  I  C  A  L    D  E  3C  R  I  ?  T  I  O  N 

^ohfoi'ph  fd  the  laws  and  'pra6llce  6f  Scotland.  Tht;  fteuart  deputes 
keeps  and  holds  courts  as  often  as  thet^  is  occafion  for  them  ;  but 
he  has  two  head  courts  in  the  ye'ar,  ftne  in  the  beginning  of  No- 
vember, the  other  in  the  beginning  o'f  June,  at  which  the  wliole 
heritors  and  fewers  are  obli^fed  by  their  holdings  to  compear, 
being  diily  sidvertifed  thereof  by  the'  ftewart  clerk,  or  the  baillre 
of  the  parifh  where  ^hty  live;  atld  being  called  in  the  court  three 
feVeral  days,  and  hot  compearing,  nor  any  reafon  offered,  for 
their  not  compeerance,  the  abfents  are  fined,  each,  in  40I.  Scots 
rhoney.  The  iteuart  clerk  his  his  commiffion  from  the  earl 
as  fVeuart  principal ;  not  but  the  fteuart  depute  can  eniploy  his 
own  clerk  upon  occafibn,  as  he  doth  all  other  members  of  court 
needful;  but  the  fteuart  dark  only  fliould  record  all  court  pro- 
ceffes,  and  give  out  extradts.  The  fteuart  depute  is  alfo  obliged 
to  hold  circuit  courts  in  each  parifh  once  a  year;  but  the  fteuart 
dbpute  of  Zetland  having  no  falary,  fave  the  emoluraetits  of  the 
court,  which  is  feldom  fo  much  as  pays  the  neceftary  members 
thereof,  he  cannot  afford  to  be  at  the  charge  of  travelling  through 
the  country,  with  fuch  a  retinue  as  all  the  members  of  court 
make  out ;  it  being  very  expenfi^le  travelling  through  this 
country,  and  therefore  thefe  circuit  cdur'ts  are  much  lard  afide. 

There  is  alfo  a  bailliff"  in  each  parifti,  who  holds  hU  com- 
miffion either  of  the  fteuart  principal,  or  his  depute,  having 
power  to  hold  courts  within  his  bailliffrie,  to  make  his  own 
clerk,  and  other  court  merhbers  heedful,  and  is  judge  in  fmall 
masters,  fuch  as  keeping  godd  neighbourhood;  but  can  decern 
in  no  caufe  above  lol.  Scots  value,  urtlefs  otherwife  provided 
by  his  commiffion.  The  bailliff  is  obliged  to  keep  a  court-book, 
wherein  all  caufes  brought  before  his  court  are  recorded;  and  that 
book  muft  be  produced  to  the  fteuart  depute  when  called  for  at 
his  circuit  courts.  If  the  book  is  regularly  kept,  and  nothing 
6  araifs 


OPZETLAND.  47 

amifs  in  it,  then  it  is  approven ;  if  otherwife,  the  b^illiff  is  en- 
joined by  tlae  itewart  depute  to  amend  what  is  amifs,  or  to  lofe 
his  commiflion.  Under  the  baiUie  there  are  ten  or  twelve  hone;i^ 
men  of  the  parifh  called  Rancelmen.  Theie  are  j.udicially  ap- 
pointed and  choten  in  the  bailUff  court :  the  whole  houfliolders 
ot  the  parifli  bemg  prefent  are  alked^  if  they  have  any  thing 
to  ebjett  againft  fuch  a  man,  why  he  iliould  nof.  be  made  a 
Ranceinian  ;,  and  no  objedlion  being  made,  he  is  entered  int» 
that  oflice,  and  takes  an  oath  to  be  faithful  and  diligent  therein^, 
and  the  Ranceiman's  inliru6tions  and  p9\ver  being  yead  in  opqr^ 
court,  and  recorded  in  the  court-hook,  each  Ra^ncelman  may 
have  an  extra£l  thtxeof,  if  he.pleafe.  7^hefe  inftruAions  are  jrit 
the  Appendix.  The  Rancehiian  has  the  power  of  a  conftable,,  to> 
command  the  inhabitants  to  keep  the  peace,  and  to  call  for  aflif- 
tance;  and  to  enter  any  houfe  within  the  parilli  at  a-Ll  hours  of  tlj^ 
day  or  night,  and  fearch  ,the  hoiife  for  ftolen  goods,  which  they 
call  ranuling ;  and  if  they  find  any  thing  that  the  owner  of  the. 
houfe  canno,t  give  a  good  account  how  his  came  by  it,^  then  they 
feize  him  direcflly,  and  carry  himito  the  bailhtf,.  who  takes  pre- 
cognition of  the  caitfe  ;  and  if  it.  infers  .the  crime  of  theft,,  then, 
the  thief,  with  the  fang  or  thing  ftolen  found  iil  his  ,c,yil;-Qdy,;  is 
fent  to  the  prifon,  and  the  rteuart  depute  acquainted  thereof,  who. 
appoints  a  day  for  trying  the  thief  according  to  law,  and.  in- 
cafe  the  bailliff  finds  that  the  repreffentation  of  the  rancelraaii 
will  not  amount  to  any  proof  of  the  crime  of  <theft,  he  difr:. 
mifleth  the  fufpedfed  thief,  upon  his  good  behavio.uF,  with  cer-r 
tification.  There  are  in  Zetland  a  great  many  municipal  laws, 
called  country  a^:,  and  thefe  municipal  laws  axe  the. rule  thM 
the  baiUiffs  chiefly  a£f  by.  Thefe  country  adts  are  in:  .the.Aptj 
pendix,  and  are  or  fhoilldbc  read  over.'twice  in  the  year,,  at  th4 
baiilift-courts,  wlien  all  the  hau&holders  .are  prefent,  at  whij^hi 

tw-ej 


^i  H  I  S  T  O  R  I  CU  L     D  E  S  C  R  J  P  T  I  O  N 

t\vt>  cciiirt^,  bfetag.-Martinmars  and  Whitfuhday  courts,  if  .any 
JiGufeholdeF  -is  vvilfuMy '''ablent,  the  bail llff:^ fines  .the  abfe'nt  in 
forty  fliilUngs  Scots  each  time  they  are  ablent,  and  can  give  no 
good  reaibn  tor  their  abfence.  The  rancelmeii  are  to  give  up 
lifts  of  thc^poor  in  the  parifli  at  the  bailliti'-court ;  and  they  are 
appoi-nted'tO' be -Quartered  upon  the  parilii  for 'maintenance,  and 
money  is- ordered  therfi  by  the  kirk  feffion,  out  of  the  poor's-' 
box,  for  buying  of  cloaths  ;  fo  there  are  no  beggars  allowed  to 
go'fr6m  pariili  to  parilh,'  nor  from  houfe.  to  ihoufe,  otherways 
tltaft  they  are  appointed  ;  and  if  they  can  work  any  thhig,  they 
lire  put  to  it  in  the  hoiifes  w:here  they,  are  lodged.  In  fome 
parillies  of  the  country,  thefe  rancelmen,  and  other  intelligent 
honeft  men  of  the  parifli,  are  erected  of  late  into  a  fociety,  for 
reformation  of  manners,  and  regulating  of  fervants ;  Zetland 
being  very  much  ftraitened  for  want  of  fervants,  mafters  for  the 
raoft  part  being  fo  poor,  that  they  can  give  fervants  little  en- 
couragement ;  the  inftruc51ions  to  which  fociety  are  in  the  Ap- 
pendix. There  is  alfo  in  each  parifh  a  lawrigbt  ma ^2,  that  is,  an 
honeft  man,  appointed 'judicially  by  the  baillip^i'  as  the  rancel- 
men are.  -  His  bufinefs  is  to  weigh  and  meafure.  the  rent-butter 
and  oil;  and  alfo  to  judge  of  the  qna^lity  thereof,  and,  if  he 
finds  it  infufficient,  to  return  it  as  not  receivable.  He.  is  fworn 
to  dojuftice,  and  keep  juft  weights  and  meafxires. 
-  The  right  hoiiourablc  the  earl  of  Morton  is  at  prefent  high 
admiral  of  Scotland,  and  was  before  vice-admiral  of  Orkney  and 
Zetland,  and  appoints  his  deputes  there,  who  have  by  their  com- 
miffion  ail  the  powers  and  privileges  provided  by  the  laws  of 
Scotland  to  tlrat' judicatory,  in  'all  maritime,  affairs,  of  which 
tliefe  is- ^little  that  falls  under  the  cognifance  of  the  admiral  of 
Zetland,:  faye  that  ^of. Wrecks,  which  fometimes  happen,  and 
in  that  particular  the  admiral  of  Zetland,  as  thofe  in  moft  other 
€  places, 


O    F      Z    E    T    L    A    N    D.  49 

places,  is  more  under  the  clire£lioa  of  the  country  pradice,  than 
any  ftatuary  laws  ;  but  the  praflice  here  is  ftill  fo  much  contro- 
verted, that  it  is  very  difficult  to  find  fucli  precedents  as  can 
ftand  for  a  rule  therein.  However  I  fliall  give  a  Ihort  fpecimen  of 
the  moft  common  and  lealt  controverted  practice  that  has 
prevailed  in  Zetland  for  fome  time  paft,  relating  to  wrecks  or 
flranded  Qiips  ;  that  is,  whenever  a  fhip  is  forced  afliore  by  bad 
weather,  or  otherways,  and  Teems  to  be  irrecoverable,  the 
baillie  of  the  parifli,  or  proprietor  of  the  ground  where  the 
wreck  happens,  does  immediately  acquaint  the  admiral  depute 
.thereof,  who  forthwith  repairs  to  that  place  with  his  clerk  and 
other  court  members  ;  and  if  the  mafter,  or  any  perfon  be- 
longing to  the  fiiip,  is  faved  alive,  he  is  allowed  to  put  in , a 
petition  to  the  admiral,  craving  that  the  fhip  may  be  declared 
wreck,  and  that  he  niay  give  order  for  falving,  :and  fecuring 
all  the  wreck  goods  that  can  be  falved,  for  behoof  of  the  true 
owner  or  proprietor  thereof ;  which  petition  being  confulered  by 
the  admiral,  •ha\ing  called  an  admiral  court  upon  the  place 
where  the  wreck  is,  and  finding  the  fiiip  irrecoverable,  declares 
her  wreck,  and  ordains  the  belt  anchor  and  cable,  or  value 
thereof,  to  belong  to  the  [)hyfcal  of  court  for  his  majefty's  in- 
terelf,  and  appoints  fal vers  for  faving  the' whole  wreck  as  far 
as.^poinble,  and  fecuring  the  fameifor  a  feafonable  falvage,  to  be 
decerned  according  to  the  trouble  and  charge  in  faving  thereof, 
a,nd  the  ya,lae  of  it  he  fubjeJl  falved  according  to  juftice  ;  and  if 
the  petitioner  can  inftrudt  his  title  to -the  fliip  and  cargo  wrecked, 
by  a  vendition  or  other  fufficient  vouchers,  the  admiral  decerns 
the  whole,  fubjec^l:  faved,  excepting  "the  belt  anchor  and  cable  to 
belong  to  him  upon  payment  of  a.  reafohable  falvage,  and  the 
charges  .of ! (the  court  ;;ahd  in  cafe  the  petitioner  cannot  infirudl 
his  title  toijhe  ihip  aa'd  targo,   the   admiral  ordains  the  whole 

H  wreck 


50  HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

wreck  falved  to  belong  to  the  phifcal  of  the  court  for  the  king's 
mtereft,  and  his  majefty's  donators,  or  to  the  true  proprietor, 
mftruding  his  title  thereto  within  term  of  law  ;  and  when  all 
is  falveol,  there  is  a  juft  inventory  thereof  given  up  by  the 
falvers  upon  oath ;  and  the  principal  falver  is  ordained  to  deliver 
wp  the  whole  fubjecl  falved,  conform  to  faid  inventory,  upon 
payment  of  in  name  of  falvage,  together  with 

the  belt  anchor  and  cable,  to  be  delivered  to  the  phifcal,  with 
the  fum  of  as    the  neceffary  charges  of  the 

court.  And  if  any  perfon  or  perfons  fliall  intromet  with  any 
part  of  the  wreck,  without  order  from  the  admiral,  or  thofe  em- 
ployed by  him  as  falvers,  they  are  fued  at  the  inftance  of  the 
phifcal  as  imbezlers,  and  ordained  to  deliver  what  they  intro- 
mitted  with,  and  fined  for  their  vitious  and  irregular  intromif- 
fions;  and  the  principal  falver  is  obliged  to  fecure  all  the  wreck 
goods  falved  until  carried  off,  or  dilpofed  upon  by  the  proprietor. 

And  thus  there  is  no  place  in  the  world  where  fliipwreckt 
men  are  better  ufed,  nor  the  proprietors'  intereft  more  cared  for 
than  in  Zetland. 

The  proprietor  of  the  ground  where  the  wreck  falls  always 
claims  a  fhare  of  the  wreck,  pleading  the  old  country  pradlice, 
which  was,  that  all  wrecks  were  divided  into  three  fliares,  one 
thereof  to  the  proprietor  of  the  ground,  one  to  the  falver,  and 
the  other  to  the  proprietor,  if  any  appeared,  which  failing,  to 
the  king,  with  the  bert  anchor  and  cable  to  the  admiral.  But 
the  admiral  court  for  feveral  years  paft  has  not  followed  that 
pradice,  being  thought  exorbitant,  and  only  allows  the  heritor 
any  damage  his  ground  may  fultain,  and  fome  allowance  for  the 
life  of  it ;  which  is  thought  by  many  a  great  hardfhip  upon  the 
heritors,  and  a  cutting  theip.  out  of  their  antient  privilege. 
But  for  preventing  of  any  clamours  of  that  kind,  the  Admiral 
S  docs. 


O    F      Z    E    T    L    A    N    D.  51 

does,  and  always  fhould,  make  the  proprietor  of  the  ground 
the  principal  falver,  and  befide  reafonable  falvage  ordain  him  a 
premium  for  the  ufe  of  his  ground  and  perfonal  trouble,  where- 
with  every  reafonable  man  is  fatisfied. 

If  the  wreck  happens  to  be  a  direlidt,  and  no  perfon  appears 
to  claim  it,  the  phifcal  of  the  court  puts  in  a  petition  to  the 
admiral,  holding  forth  the  itate  of  the  wreck,  craving,  that 
in  regard  there  is  no  hving  perfon  to  claim  the  wreck,  it  may 
be  declared  an  abfolute  wreck  and  direlidt,  and  decerned  to  belong 
to  the  king  and  his  majefty's  donators,  or  to  the  true  owner  or 
proprietor,  inftrufling  his  title  within  term  of  law,  and  that 
falvers  may  be  appointed.  The  admiral  being  fully  fatisfied 
anent  the  truth  of  tlie  petition,  decerns  according  thereunto, 
and  appoints  the  proprietor  of  the  ground  where  the  wreck  is 
to  be  principal  falver,  with  power  to  employ  as  many  falvers  as 
is  needful,  who  are  all  obliged  to  give  up  an  account,  upon 
oath,  to  the  admiral,  of  what  they  faved  ;  and  are  paid  a  reafon- 
able falvage  according  to  the  trouble  and  charge  they  have  been 
at,  of  which  accounts  are  given  in,  and  the  proprietor  of  the 
ground  is  allowed  a  premium  as  above.  And  in  cafe  the  wreck 
goods  faved  are  in  a  perifhing  condition,  and  cannot  be  preferved, 
then  the  admiral  orders  public  intimation  to  be  made  to  the 
whole  country  by  placarts  put  up  in  the  moft  public  places,  in- 
timating, that  up>n  fucli  a  day,  and  place,  fuch  a  parcel  of 
wreck  goods  is  to  be  fold  by  way  of  public  roup,  to  the  higheft 
bidder,  with  the  conditions  of  the  roup;  and  the  money  is- 
lodged  in  the  clerk's  hands ;  the  court  being  anfwerable  there- 
fore to-  aiiy  having  right  to  the  fame.  1  have  formerly  men- 
tioned the  country  pradice  anent  fmall  whales  driven  afliore 
and  killed  by  the  country  ]>eople,  that  is,  they  are  equally 
divided   into  three   lliares ;  one   thereof    to    the   admiral,    one 

II   2  to 


52  HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

to  the-I'alvers,  and  one  to -the  proprietor  o£  the  ground  .upon 
which;  they  are  driven  alhore  ;  and  that  pradtice  Ihll  obtajnp:  Nyith-' 
out  any  alteration  ;  and  the  minirtcr  or  vicar  of  the  parifli  qlaims 
the  tythes  of  them,  which  has  betn  much  controverted,  becaufe 
all  the  boats  employed  in  driving  thefe  whales  pay  a  compound 
tythc  to  the  vicar  yearly,  lb  much  for  each  boat;  and  the  catch-, 
ing  of  thefe  whales  being  a  part  of  their  filhing,  it  is  thought 
the  vicar  has  no  more  title  to  the  tythes  of  the  whales,  than 
he  has  to  the  tythe  of  the  cod  and  ling  they  catch  after  the  com- 
pofition  ;  and  that  he  may  as  juflly  demand  the  one  as  the  other. 
However,  it  commonly  obtains  ;  the  minillier  of  the  parifli  being 
in  moft  parilhes  vicar,  he  ificks  clofe  by  it,  and  they  are  un- 
willing to  contend  with  him.  The  Admiral  ftill  claims  all 
direlivfts  calf  in  by  the  fea,  and  if  of  any  value,  ftill  gets  it 
upon  the  above  footing  of  payment  of  falvage,  and  a  premium 
to  the  proprietor  of  the  ground  it  fails  upon.  But  there  is  a 
foit  of  wreck  called  by  the  country  people  ragha^  that  is  pieces 
of  hr-wood,  which  has  never  been  in  any  ufe,  and  is  thought 
to  drive  frorn  the  north  parts,  of  Norway  ;and  America,  of  which 
there  ufed  long  ago  great  quantities  to  drive  about  the  country  ;^ 
but  for  many  years  paft  very  little  of  that  kind  has  been  found. 
This  fort  of  wreck  the  inhabitants  have  ftill  thought  the  un- 
queftionable  property  of  the  finder  thereof,  and  they  ufe  it  for 
repairing  tlieir  houfes,  and  fliould  the  admiral  enquire  after  it, 
he  could  make  nothing  of  it,  and  therefore  it  has  not  been  ncticed 
hitherto.  The  timber  brought  here  from  Norway  is  very  dear, 
and  the  poor  inhabitants  are  not  able  to  buy  it.  So  many  of 
them  depend  upon  that  wreck  timlicr,  which  they  call  God^ 
fend)  and  ftill  think  they  have  a  better  title  to  it,  than  any  elfe 
ha,ve,   and  therewith  they  repair  their  imall  houfeSi 

There 


T'  O  I  'lo^  F  •■  ^  -E^  t     L  ^^A'  N-I>>  T  2  i  H  ^^i 

■  There  is'  fiere'  alfoncommiflTarv,   v/lifo^iS  jVi^cf^'in  alT'cbri-''' 
fifkirial  affairs.'   We  have  al/o  juftic'esoftliejpeaeei- 'and^^ommH-* 
fioners  of  ruppif''f5r'iiVii>6fi'ng-t-hel!a.nd*td\]'    ,•  i  .  ■  _^' ;  .,.■■    i   ..c; 
In  the  town  of  Lerwiel^  'there  is  a  'ciiftom-hbal^, -H^'^dfe.ali' 
fliips  coming  to    the  country  and  going  out  of  it  in  the  way  of 
trade   make    entries,    takSYouf  [cl^ar'alic'eis,   and  pay    the   king's 
duty,   as  in  any  other  part  in  Scotland,   tliere  being  therein  all 
the  proper  offices,   fuch   as  a  colieflor,, a  comptroller,   furveyor,  • 
land- waiter,  and  fearcher,    with  tide-waiters,   who  give  conftant 
attendance  for   difpatches-;   bivt' they   have    very,, little. jbufinefs, 
and  were   it  not  for   feeing  foreign   fait  imported,  and  the  fifli 
cured    therewith  exported,  they  would  have', no  bufmcfs  at  all. 
The  country  is  very,  poor,   and  no  manner   of  confumption  for 
goods  to  be  imported  that  pay  duty^  and  therefore  there  is  little  or.j; 
nothing  imported,  fave  fome  trifles /^r  .carrying  on.; the  fiihing 
trade,    by  which  only  the  inhabitants  chiefly  fublilf. 

There  have  been  excife-officers  here  alfo,  but  finding  little  or 
110  bufmefs,  they  were  removed  ;   and  fpr  feveral  yearS'  paft  the<^ 
excife  of  Zetland  has  been  farmed  by  a  gentlenian.  of  this  country^*v 
for  about  40' or  50  pounds  a  year,  .and  I   a;ii  well  alTured  he.- 
makes  httle  by  it,  becaufe  there  is  not  one  brewer,  nor  a  tanaer, 
nor  a  tallow-chandler  in  Zetland.    The  few  retailers  :of  ale  here  r 
T:)r;e,wthe_ ale  they  retail  themfelyes.,  Th^  malt  for  the  moll,  part; 
nfed.    here    comes,  from   Orkney  aiid  Scotland  ;.  as  do.  alfo  the - 
leather    and  flioes  ufed  here,  for   the   mofl  part.     Moft  of  the 
leather  and  fkins  tanned  here,  is  by  the  poor  fifliermen  for  cloaths 
and  that  moflly.  with  the  roots   of  tormentil,   inifead  of  bark, 
and  the  paying  the  leather  duty  for  that  is  a  very  great  harflQiip 
ijpon  the  ipoor  people,,  and,  I  am  perfuaded  was  never  deligned 
h.y  the;legiflator..  There  are  no  candles  fold  here,  and  the  few  that 
are  ufed  are  made  by  thofe  that  ufe  them.  ^  Th^re.  is  very  littl^e 

malt 


k   M.Vji 


54  HIST  OR  ICAL    DESGRI  P  T  1  O  N 

malt  made  in  Zetland,  they  having  no  corn  to  make  it  of;  and 
I  have  all  the  reafon  in  the  world  to  believe,  that,  were  the 
government  rightly  informed  anent  the  excifeables  of  Zetland, 
they  would  fee  it  not  worth  while  to  be  enquired  after. 

e   HA   P.     VI. 

Of  the  antientcu'id  modern  ivay  of  tra?ifiniting property  z;^  Zetland* 

THE  moft  ancient  way  how  lands  and  heritage  was  tranf- 
mitted  to  pofterity  was  by  a  verbal  deed  called  Udell  fucceJfo7iy 
founded  upon  an  old  Norwegian  law,  called  St.  Ollcfs  Icnv,  by 
which  a  man  could  no  way  dilpofe  of  or  burden  the  lands  he 
had  by  his  father  ;  neither  had  he  any  power  to  make  a  will 
contrary  to  the  faid  law ;  but  whatever  children  he  had,  male 
or  female,  they  all  fucceeded  equally  to  the  father  in  his  eftate, 
heritable  and  moveable,  and  the  youngell  Ion  had  the  father's 
d\\elIing-houle,  becaule  the  elder  children  were  commonly /om 
famUtat  before  the  father's  death,  and  the  youngeft  fon  ftaid 
with  him,  and  fupported  him  in  his  old  age,  and  thereby  had 
no  opportunity  to  provide  himfelf  in  a  iettltment,  and  therefore 
was  provided  with  his  father's  dwelling-houfe,  which  was  alio  an 
inducement  to  mak«  him  more  careful  of  his  old  father.  By  this 
way  of  fuccellron  moll'  of  the  inhabitants  were  proprietors  of 
the  lands- they  poffeired,  and  very  few  tenants  amongft  them; 
aiid^  this  Udelt  fucceffion  continued  with  many  of  the  fmall 
Udeilers  of  Zetland,  till  the  year  1664,  that  they  took  heritable 
tack«  of  tlifeil'  own  udel  lantls  from  Spynie. 

The  firft  rights  that  are  to  be  found  upon  lands  in   Zetland 

is  tl^at  called  a  Shaynd  Bill,  and  that  only -ufed  by  the  moft'  con^ 

ilderable   heritors.      Stynd  m  the   Daniflv  language   llgnifies    a 

;'u;  fi  court .f 


O  I   :    O'  F     Z   •'£    T    L    A    N    I>. 


5j 


evUrti  and  BtVwA^  k  tbmmoii  name    to  any  deed  or  writing 
made  in  coart;  fo  it  nAay  be  rendered  in  Englifli,  a  judicial  right. 
The  way  how  it  \vas  done  Was  thus :   A  man  having  a  mind  to 
dijpone  his  eftate,  in\dted  the  Fowd  and  3  or  4  of  the  heft  mea 
in  the  country  to  his  honfe,  where   he   had   an    entertainment 
provided  for    them^   and  l)eing  all   convened,   the  Fowd  kept   a 
court,   before  which  the  heritor  compeared,   and  did  there  judi- 
cially make  his  will,  difponing  his  eftate  heritable  and  moveable 
particularly   mentioned,   and  divided  to  his  children,   referving 
his  own  life-rent  of  the  whole,  and  a  life-rent  of  a  part  to  his 
wife,   if  flie  fi'irvived  him,  which  will  the  clerk  of  court  wrote, 
and  being  done  was  publicly  read,    all  parties  concerned  being 
prefcnt,   and  if  approven  by  the  difponer,   it  was  figned  by  the 
Fowd  and  thefe  3  or  4  gentlemen  that  fat  with  him  as  affefTors, 
and  all  their  feals  were  put  to  it,  and  being  recorded  in  the  court- 
books,  the  principal  was  delivered  to  the  difponer,  who  kept  it 
till  his  death,  and  then  all  the  heirs  mentioned  in  the  Shynd 
Bill  entered  to   their  refpeftivc  portions  contained  therein,   and 
were  all  equally  chargeable  for  the  defund.*s  debts,  and  funeral 
charges.      And  if  there  was  no  fuch  will  made  by  the  Udeller 
in  his  life-time,   after  his    death  his  children,  or  oeareft  of  kin. 
if  he    had    no   children,    made    application    to    the    Fowd    to 
divide  the  inheritance  amongft  them,   who  appointed  a  day  and 
place,   ordaining  all  concerned   to  attend  ;   and  having  called  a 
court,  he  caufed  the  heirs  to  give  up  a  faithful  inventory,  upon 
oath,   of  the  whole   lubje(5t  left  by  the  heritor  deceafed,  which 
he  divided  equally   amongft  them,  according  to  the  Udell  or  St; 
Olla's  law,  and   caufed  a  Shynd  bill  to  be   written  thereupon, 
which  was  figned,  fealed,  and  delivered  to  the  heirs,  and  was  as 
good  as  if  made  by  the  Udeller  while  he  lived. 

If 


56  HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

T^'^If.  any.  mail  was  to  make  a  purchafe  o^  land  from  .an.U^ell^r, 
"wtbqonient  of  his  heirs,  \v;ithout  which  the  purchafe  was  not 
goody  the  property  was  conveyed  ig  the   purchafer  by  a  Shynd 
bill,  in  the  fame  manner  as  above-mentioned,  with  this  addition, 
that  the  difponer   did  judicially  acknowledge,  that  he  jliadj  re- 
ceived the  full  value. of  .the  land  difponed,   and  defired  that  his 
_pi;opertie    therein-    might ,  inftantly    be  transferred  to   the    pur- 
xhafer,   and   his  heirs;    and  ;he_  apparent  heirs  of  the  difponer 
being  alfo -prefent,   cqnfented,itp  ,the  fale ;   and   the  Shuynd  bill 
_'l|)ei!\g  figued  apd  fealed,   was  deliyefpd  by  the  F-ovyd:  to  the  dif- 
pojier, '  who  did;  judiciull;y;vfl^iy/?r;  itnto  th^  purchafer, ,  \yith/a 

benediaion.  (f^^    ^r,n-i  v [•)!'.  orio:,  ^;nL 

.,     This  Shynd   bilj  was.  .-.all; -the  r- right;    n  eceffary  •  for   fecuting 
any  perfo.n  ',iii^;thcir,  prppert,y  d,ijiring   the -Panifli  govc,rnment, 
_and  wa^f  continued  as  thconly  fecurity   upon    lands   in   Zetland 
■  for  many -years  after  it  was,  fubje6t  to  the  crown  of  Scotland,  and 
it  would  have  been  very  much  the  intereft  of  Zetland,   that  no 
-writing  had  ever  been  .ufed    in  it,   for  the  fecuring  and   tranf- 
mitting  of  ])rope,rty,,,but 'being  a;  mqix   fair,   better^,  ^and  eafier 
fecurity,  than  all  the  endlefs  wr^ting..-aiu.l  long  conveyances  that 
now  prevail..  .But, .when  .gentlemen  from  Scotland  canje  to  fettle 
in    Zetland,  •  and    fopnd  :  moft    of  ,the    arable    groi]i]cl   therein 
parcelled    out   amongll   the   poor ,  aiicient  irihabitantsy: by,  their 
Udell  >fuccelIion,twrme^"|y   dcjiribed,  .excepting  t,ljie   lands-  pur- 
chafed,  .by;  the,  clergy,  and.  brought  in  to  the.bifliop,   and-ft>m)e 
fmallertates   belonging  tp  ge!ntiemcn  in  Nop,vny,  or  Denmark, 
mentioned;  before,   thci(?   incomers  found   no  great  difficulty  in 
purchafing  of  j|a^^d  fron^i  ,the  poor  fim pie  inhabitants,  efpeciaUy 
;thefe  ,l:javing..!fome  ^authority,  as  mqll  of  them  had  \vho  came  to 
fettle  here,   and  made  citates,  and;  vvhethpij  their  purcqafesiw^re 
-i)ot  always  fuch  as  could  admit  of  a  judicial  confirmation,   or 

if 


O    F      Z    E    T    L    A    N    D.  57 

if  they  wanted  to  introduce  the  Scots  laws  and  cuftoms,  or 
partly  both,  I  know  not ;  but  they  began,  to  lay  aiule  the  Shuynd 
bill,  and  to  ufe  difpoiitions  and  leiilns,  and  thereupon  followed 
that  long  train  of  conveyances,  filled  with  all  the  claufes  and 
quirks  that  the  lawyer  and  noter  could  invent,  for  lengthening 
the^writing.^  and  making  it  fo  intricate  that  the  true  fenfe  ancl 
meaning  thereof  might  only  be  known  to  themfelves  ;  fo  that 
it  came  to  pais,  in  a  Ihort  procefs  of  time,  that,  inftead  of  the 
honeft,  eafy,  and  fimple  Shuynd  bill,  Zetland  was  flocked  with 
rights  and  conveyances  upon  the  lands,  fufficient  to  find  the 
lawyers  and  noters  as  much  bufmefs  as  any  place  of  its  value  in 
Scotland,  whereby  the  antient  liraple  Udellers  were  turned  out 
of  their  old  inheritances,  and  obliged  to  improve  that  ground 
for  others  that  they  had  foolilhly  negledled  to  do  for  them- 
felves. 

But  the  heritors  of  Zetland  being   acquainted  by  the  gentle- 
men  of  the  long    robe  that  all  their  private    difpolifions    and 
feifins   upon  their  lands  were  only  bale  infeftments,   and  fo  no 
good  title,  and  therefore  they  mult  take  charters  holding  of  the 
crown,   and  public  infeftments  thereupon,  otherways  they  could 
not    maintain    their   proi)erty,    and    being   thus    alarmed,   a  fa- 
vourable opportunity  prefented  for  that  purpofe.    In  anno  1664, 
Alexander  Douglafs  of  Spynie  came  over  with  a  full  power  and 
commifllon  from   the    king,   for   receiving   of  refignations,  and 
granting  charters   to  the  heritors   holding  their  lands  in  few  of 
the  crown  as  noticed  before  ;  fo  all  the  heritors  of  Zetland,  who 
had  not  formerly  taken  confirmations,  did   take  charters  from 
Spynie  upon  their  lands.      But  the  compofition  money  paid  for 
the  charters,   and  the  great  few  duties  payable  yearly  out  of  -the 
lands,  did  in  a  fliort  time  thereafter  fink  many  of  the  heritors 
fo  far  in  debt,   that  they  were  obliged  to  fell  the  lands  for  pay- 

1  ment 


58  H  I  S  T  O  R  I  C  A  L   D  E  S  C  R  I  P  T  I  O  N 

ment  thereof ;  for  indeed  the  trifling  land  eftates  of  Zetland, 
and  the  very  inconliderable  value  of  the  lands,  together  with 
the  great  few  duties  paid  yearly  out  of  them,  renders  the 
heritors  of  Zetland  utterly  incapable  of  being  at  the  charge  of 
thefe  public  fecurities  and  frequent  confirmations  required  by 
law,  as  is  pratSliled  in  other  places,  where  the  fubje6t  is  capable 
of  bearing  the  charge,  which  Zetland  is  not,  for  the  caufes 
forefaid,  and  therefore  has  been  laid  alide  fince  the  granting  of 
Spynie  charters. 

The  late  noble  and  worthy  Robert  earl  of  Morton,  who  knew 
the  affairs  of  Zetland  perfe£lly  well,  and  was  a  very  judicious 
thinking  nobleman,  finding  that  the  great  diminution  of  the 
crown  rents  of  Zetland,  yearly  payable  to  his  lordfliip,  was 
chiefly  owing  to  the  old  country  practice  in  thefe  two  following 
particulars;  as  fit  ft,  that  the  chamberlain  of  thefe  rents  is  obliged 
to  call  for,  and  receive  the  rents  and  few  duties  payable  yearly 
out  of  the  heritors  lands  from  every  individual  tenant  thereof, 
and  that  in  butter,  oil,  and  money,  which  occafions  a  vafl  deal 
of  trouble  and  expence  to  him  in  travelling  at  leaft  once  a  year 
through  the  whole  country,  receiving  the  butter  and  oil,  all  in 
fmall  parcels,  packing  and  tranfporting  thereof  to  ports  for 
export,  and  having  an  account  to  keep  with  every  land  labourer 
within  the  country  of  Zetland,  and  many  of  them  proving 
infolvent,  and  the  heritor  of  the  land  no  way  anfwerable  for 
the  tenant's  deficiency,  which  makes  yearly  a  conliderable  dif- 
count  of  the  crown  rents. 

2d.  When  the  Udel  or  fewd  lands  are  ley,  i.  e.  not  laboured, 
nor  a  tenant  upon  them,  thefe  ley  lands  pay  no  fcat-watle,  nor 
corn-tythe,  a-lthough  a  rental  tythe;  fo  the  chamberlain  gets  thofe 
Jey  lands  yearly  attefted  by  the  bailiff  of  each  parifli,  which  he 
takes  credit  for  in  his  accompts.    For  preventing   of  which  two 

great 


O    F      Z     E    T     L     A    N    D.  ftf 

great  inconveniencies  to  the  crown-rents,  the  faid  noble  earl: 
offered  to  give  all  the  heritors  of  Zetland  heritable  charters  upon 
their  lands,  holding  as  Spynie's  charters  do  few  of  the  crown 
gratis,  free  of  any  charge,  providing  they  would  for  the  future 
pay  the  few  duties  yearly,  without  any  difcounf,  ley  or  laboured, 
as  contained  in  the  few  charter.  But  that  the  heritors  would 
not  go  into,  choofing  rather  to  ftick  by  their  ancient  ufe  of  pay- 
ment, that  is,  when  the  land  is  laboured,  the  labourer  thereof 
to  be  charged  with  the  fuperior  duty,  and  when  by  the  heritor 
was  not  chargeable  with  the  feat,  watle,  and  corntiend,  but  the 
few  duties  of  the  fewed  crown  lands,  is  yearly  paid,  whether 
the  land  is  ley  or  laboured,  but  whereby  it  pays  no  feat,  nor 
corntiend;  fo  all  the  lands  of  Zetland  ftand  upon  the  former 
footing,  and  the  ley  feat  is  ftill  a  controverted  point.  The  earl 
of  Morton,  as  having  right  to  the  crown  rents  of  Zetland,  pleads 
that  the  heritors  of  Zetland  holding  their  lands  in  few  of  the 
crown,  the  feat  is  the  annual  reddendo,  or  few  duty,  the  punctual 
payment  vvhereof  is  the  common  alternative  upon  which  all 
few  charters  fubfift,  and  in  cafe  of  non-payment  of  the  red- 
dendo, the  few  falls.  Wherennto  it  is  anfwered  by  the  heritors, 
that  by  Spynie's  charter  they  are  only  obliged  to  pay  the  fcat- 
watle,  &c.  conform  to  the  rental  and  former  ufe  of  payment 
thereof,  which  is  when  the  land  is  laboured  the  labourer  is 
chargeable  with  the  crown-rent,  but  the  heritor  no  way  charge- 
able therewith,  ley  or  laboured,  unlefs  he  labour  it  himfelf,  and 
the  chamberlain  is  left  to  find  the  labourers,  or  lofe  the  crown 
rent ;  and  this  has  been  the  ufe  and  cuftom  of  payment  in  Zet- 
land paft  the  memory  of  man.  To  which  it  was  replyed  by  the 
earl,  that  thefe  words  7ifed  ^Y\Az<db'nt  import  rio  more  in  anV  charter 
in  Scotland  than  the  placed,'  t€rms  and  fpecies,  nfed  ami  ivont^ 
and  not  any    dimiiiiution  of  the  reddendo,  and  that   it  is    un- 

I   2  reafonable 


6o  HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

reafonable  to  fuppofe,  that  there  fliould  be  a  power  left  in  the 
hands  of  the  fewer  to  pay  the  few  duty,  or  not,  as  he  pleafed, 
which  he  may  do  by  calling  the  lands  ley,  or  labouring  them, 
as  he  had  a  mind,  and  thereby   rendering  the  crown  rent  moft 
precarious  and    uncertain  :   whereunto    it  is  again  anfwered   by 
the  heritors,  that   whatever  thefe   words,    ujed  and  iioont,    may- 
import  in  any  charter  in  Scotland,   yet  in  the  charters  granted 
by  Spynie  to  them,  the  words   ufed  and  ivont    imply    the   ufe 
of  payment,   as  well   as  the  places  and  terms   of  payment,  and 
rather  the  former,   becaufe  the   term  of  payment  is  mentioned' 
in  the  charter,   but    not  the  particular  reddendo  payable,   but  is 
only  faid  conform  to  the  rental,  and  ufe  of  payment;  and  further, 
that  what    they  affert  has  been    the   common    ufe  of  payment 
always  is  evident,  becaufe  it  is  certain  the  ley  feat  has  never  been' 
paid,  nor  the  heritor  ever  charged  therewith,  lince  the  granting 
of  Spynie  charters,  which  is  now  70  years,  nor  ever  can  be  for- 
granting  of  thefe  charters,   that  can  be  made  appear,   and  it  is 
not  prefumable,   that  any  man  would  a6t  fuch  a  foolifh  part,  as 
wilfully    to  lofe    four  fliillings    of    his  own,  on   purpofe    that  t 
another  fliould  lofe  fixpence,   which  would  be  the  cafe,    fliould  > 
the  heritors  caft  their  land  ley,  that  the  crown  rent  might  not 
be  paid.  Thefe  are  the  principal  arguments  on  both  fides  of  the 
queftion,  which  were  never  yet  determined  ;    and  the   heritors 
are  ftill  of  opinion,  that  the  conftant  and  long  continued  ufe  of 
payment  is  fufficient  to  fupport  their  caufe.   But,  whatever  may 
be  in  that,   I  am  perfuaded  that  an  accommodation  of  that  affair 
betwixt  the  earl  of  Morton  and  the  heritors  of  Zetland  might 
very  much  tend  to  the  intereft  of  both,   and  I  believe  Ibme   of 
the  moft  confiderable  and  judicious  heritors  would  go  into   the 
forefaid  propofals  made  by  the  late  noble  earl,  with  little  alter- 
ation, providing  the  butter  and  oil   were  kept   at  the  ftandard 
4  price 


OFZETLAND.  6i 

price  they  were  at  when  Spynie's  charters  were  granted,  which 
were  four  fhillings  the  luped  oi  butter,  and  fixpence  the  can  of 
oil,   which  is  more  than   thofe  commodities  have  yielded  at   any 
market  for  feveral   years  bygone.  The  price  now  charged  upon 
the  heritors  and   fewers  for  the  crown-rent  butter,   in  cafe  they 
fail  in  payment  of  the  butter,   is  4s.  lod.   per  luped.    The  way 
how  that  price  was    introduced  for  the  butter  in  Zetland  is  this  ; 
the    Hamburghers   and  Bremeners  trading  here   always  bought 
the  butter  at  a  rixdollar  the   luped  :   now  a  rixdollar  at  the  time 
of  granting   Spynie's   charters  was   only    four   fliillings    of    our 
money,  or   forty-eight   fliillings  Scots,    and    continued    fo    for 
feveral  years  thereafter,  and   then   that  foreign  coin  was  raifed 
to  four  fliillings  and  ten  pence  per  dollar,   at  which  rate  it  flood 
for  many  years,   and  was  at  lafl:  brought  down  to  four  fliillings, 
or  four  fliillings  and  two  pence,   at  which  it  ftill  continues ;  but 
the  butter  flands  at  four  fliillings  and  ten  pence,   which  is  un- 
reafonable,  when  the   price  of  it  abroad  is  lefs   than   ever   for- 
merly.  The  oil  alfo  came  to  rife  the  fame  way,  from  fix  pence 
to  one  fliilling  the  can  ;  by  giving  a  good  price  fome  years,  and 
then   falling  again  below  that   value,  makes  the  tenants   take 
care  to  pay  it  up  in  kind,  which  is  a  lofs  to  the  rents ;  whereas,*, 
were  the  butter  and  oil  brought  to  the  old  ftandard,  the  rents 
would  be  far  more  effedlually  paid,  and  confequently  would  be 
more  for  the  earl's  interefl:. 


CHAP 


62  HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

CHAP.     VII. 

Of  tbe  feveral  Denominations  of  the  Crown  rent  of  Zetland;  their 

original^  and  how  paid. 

THE  firft  and  only  rent  paid  to  the  crown  out  of  the  lands 
of  Zetland,  was  that  called  the  Scatt.  The  whole  ifland  being 
divided  into  parifhes,  each  parifli  is  again  fubdivided  into  Jcatalds, 
marked  out  by  march  Jiones  and  meithes^  dividing  the  fcatalds 
from  each  other.  This  Icatald  is  the  pafture  ground  belonging 
to  the  arable  land  adjacent  thereto,  called  a  room  or  town^  the 
name  whereof  is  written  in  the  rental,  with  the  feat  yearly 
payable  thereout  in  butter,  fiQi,  oil,  and  a  fort  of  very  coarfe 
cloth,  called  ivadmill.,  marked  in  the  old  rentals  lifpound  and. 
marks  of  butter,  ^PjilUngs  and  cut t els  of  wadmill,  zn(\  putts  and 
cans  oi  oil.  A  lifpound  is  28  lb.  weight,  and  in  each  lifpound 
is  24  marks;  a  fliilling  of  wadmill  is  6  cuttals  or  curtele,  i.  e. 
Jhortell^  a  meafure  containing  24  canches  in  length ;  a  butt  of 
oil  is  4  cans,  each  a  Scots  quart,  and  about  a  muchlin  more, 
on  account  of  the  oil  flicking  by  the  veffel.  The  wadmill  rent 
being  converted  to  money,  the  cuttel  is  a  groat,  fix  whereof 
being  a  Ihilling,  as  marked  in  the  rental,  that  is  a  Zealand  zullen^ 
which  is  24  fliillings  Scots,  or  2  fliilUngs.  The  term  of  payment 
of  the  feat  is  Martinmafs  in  the  fubfequent  year.  This  feat,  as  I 
faid  before,  was  the  only  land  rent  payable  to  the  crown  out 
of  Zetland  at  firft,  but  in  procefs  of  time  fome  of  the  arable 
land,  which  was  at  firft  the  property  of  the  improver,  came  alfo 
to  the  crown  by  forfeitures  and  donations ;  however,  there  feems 
to  be  very  little  of  that  kind  before  Robert  Stewart  earl  of  Orkney 
came  to  be  proprietor  thereof ;   for  before  his  acceffion  thereto, 

it 


O  F    Z  E  T  L  A  N  D.  6; 

it  is  faid,  the  crown  rent  of  Zetland  was  farmed  at  500  marks 
Scots  a  year ;  but  after  the  forfeiture  of  Patrick  earl  of  Orkney, 
the  whole  acquifition  made  by  him  and  his  father  fell  to  the 
crown,  together  with  all  the  lands  and  tythes  belonging  to  the 
biflioprick,  of  all  which,  with  the  impofitions  laid  upon  the 
country  by  the  faid  earls  of  Orkney,  there  was  a  rental  made 
out,  which  rental  is  recorded  in  the  king's  court  of  exchequer, 
called  the  exchequer  rental,  and  is  the  flandard  of  the  crown 
rents  of  Zetland  ftill ;  at  which  time  alfo  king  James  the  Sixth: 
having  tran failed  with  James  Law,  bifliop  of  Orkney,  as  noticed 
before,  he  gave  him  lands  in  Orkney,  equivalent  to  the  bifliop's 
rents  of  Zetland ;  fince  which  time  the  biQiop  of  Orkney  and. 
Zetland  has  had  no  rents  paid  him  out  of  Zetland  ;  by  all  which 
means  the  crown  rents  of  Zetland  became  very  conflderable  in 
refpedl  of  what  it  was  before  thofe  wicked  men  Robert  and 
Patrick,  earls  of  Orkney,  had  by  oppreiTion  and  arbitrary 
power  raifed  thefe  rents  to  fuch  a  height  upon  the  ruin  of  many 
of  the  poor  inhabitants,  and  perpetual  burden  of  the  prefent, 
heritors. 

2d.  Species  of  crown  rent  is  land  meals,  that  is,  the  rents 
payable  out  of  the  crown  lands,  of  which  there  are  two  forts;  as; 
firft,  thofe  called  property  lands,  which  are  fet  by  the  chamberlain, 
to  tenants,  who  pay  him  the  rent  thereof,  conform  to  the  rental, 
and  when  ley,  it  pays  no  rent ;  the  ad  is  that  part  of  the  crown, 
lands  fewed  out  by  Spynie,  the  few  duties  whereof  the  fewer. 
is  obliged  to  pay  yearly;  whether  the  land  is  ley  or  laboured,, 
the  rent  of  both  is  paid  in  butter  and  wadmill,  as  particularly  fet. 
down  in  the  rental;  the  butter  payable  at  Lammafs,  and  the. 
wadmill  at  Martinmafs,  in  the  fubfequent  year. 

■  3d.   Species  of  rent  is  that  called  Gr^^/zw,  introduced  thus,. 
When  the  chamberlain  fet  a  t^ick  or  leafe  of  the  property  lands  to 

a  tenant 


-(S4  II  r  S  T  O  R  I  C  A  L    D  E  S  C  H  I  P  T  I  O  N 

a  tenant  he  caufed  him  to  pay  a  grafflim,  or  entry,  the  tack 
being  commonly  for  3  years  :  the  tenant  paid  of  graflum  upon 
receiving  the  tack,  two  OiilHngs  for  each  mark  land;  and  when 
the  three  years  were  oat,  if  he  had  a  mind  to  continue,  the 
tack  was  again  renewed  for  three  years  for  payment  of  the 
like  gralFum  ;  but  in  procefs  of  time  the  tenant  not  paying  the 
graflum  at  his  entry  to  the  land,  it  came  to  be  an  annual  pay-' 
ment  of  eight  (liillings  Scots  upon  the  mark  land.  This  gralTuni' 
is  all  the  profit  that  the  fewer  of  the  crown  lands  has,  the 
few  duty  being  the  full  butter  and  wadmill  rent  contained  in 
the  rental ;  but  the  belt  of  the  crown  lands  being  fewed,  little- 
qf  the  property  lands  now  pays  graffums,  being  bad,  and  much 
of  it  Hill  ley,   and  fome  of  it  fet  for  half  the  rent. 

4th.    Is    that   rent   called  Umboth  dut)\   that  is   the  bifliop's 
rents  of  Zetland,  for  which,  as  formerly  obferved,  the  bifliop  has 
the  equivalent  rent  in  Orkney.    Thefe  rents  are  half  of  the  corn 
tythes  of  each  parifli  in  Zetland,   excepting  the   united  pariflies 
of  Tingwall,   VVhitnefs,   and  Wifdale,  which  was  an  archdenrie, 
as  noticed  before.    There  are  alfo  in  each  parifli  fome   lands  be- 
longing   to    thefe   Umboths,    called   Bi/hops    lands,    or    Umboth 
lands.    The  Umboth  tythes  are  for  the   moft  part  a  rental  tythe, 
payable  in  butter  and  oil,   and  in  fome  places  money,  or  the  ipfa 
corpore.     Umboth  is  a  Danifl'i  word,   flgnifying  to  cbajtge  about  \ 
the  reafon  of  which  name  is,  that  the  bifliop  having  the  one  half 
of  the  corn  tythe  of  the  parifh,   and  the  pried  or  minifter  of 
the  parifli  the  other  half,  the  bifliop  gave  order,  that  in  cafe  the 
prieft  might  choofe  the  better  half  (they  being  commonly  greedy) 
that  it  fhould  go  abou^  fo,  as  that  the  half  which  the  bifliop  had 
one  year  the  prieft  fliould  have  the  next  year,  and  continued  fo 
till  brought  into  the  crown  rental  ;  fince  which  time  they  go  net 
about,   but  flill  retain  that  name.      All  thefe  Umboth  rents  were 

alfo 


OFZETLAND.  65 

• 

alfo  in  the  year  1664  f^iiponed  by  Spynie  to  feveralls  in  few,  for 
the  yearly  payment  of  a  certain  few  duty  yearly  in  money  for 
each  parifh  ;  excepting  the  parifhes  of  Unft  and  Feltor,  which 
no  man  would  few  becaufe  much  of  the  lands  there  are  flill  leV, 
and  ley-lands  pays  no  fort  of  rent,  but  the  few  duty  muft  have 
been  paid  yearly,  fo  the  umbotli  rents  of  thofe  pariflies  are  ftiU 
contained  in  the  crown  rental,  and  are  colledled  by  the  chamber- 
lain, as  the  feat  is  all  payable  in  butter  and  oil.  All  thcfe  crown 
rents  forefaid  are  payable  in  the  fubfequeht  year,  which  often 
proves  detrimental  to  the  rents,  becaufe  the  tenant  has  the  firil: 
year  free  of  rent ;  but  when  he  goes  out  of  the  land,  he  has 
two  years  rent  to  pay  for  the  laft  year's  crops,  and  the  tenant  be- 
coming infolvent,  as  they  frequently  do,  the  rent  is  loft  in  whole 
or  in  part. 

5.  Species  of  crown  rent  is  that  called  the  walk  rent^  which 
is  a  corrupt  contra6tion  of  two  Danifli  words ;  viz.  nidt  laugh. 
i.  e.  a  night  laying,  the  origin  whereof  is  faid  to  be,  that  in 
time  of  popery  the  bifliop  of  Orkney  and  Zetland  fent  over  a 
venerable  matron,  whom  he  recommended  as  a  perfon  of  fuch 
extraordinary  fan6lity,  that  upon  her  lying  but  one  night  in 
every  parifli  in  the  country,  they  would  thereafter  be  blefTed 
with  great  plenty  of  corn  and  fifliing,  providing  fhe  was  re- 
warded with  fome  fmall  annual  penfion  during  her  life,  which 
the  fimple  fuperflitious  inhabitants  eafily  believed  ;  and  fhe 
having  travelled  through  the  country,  and  lodged  at  leaft  a 
night  in  every  parifli,  returned  to  Orkney,  with  the  grant 
of  a  fmall  fum  to  be  paid  her  yearly  out  of  every  parifli  in 
Zetland  during  her  life,  for  her  prayers  in  their  behalf,  and  out 
of  refpedl  to  the  bifliop's  defire  in  her  favour.  How  long  this 
matron  lived  I  know  not ;  but  the  contribution  for  her  was 
yearly  collected   for   her  by   the  bifliop's  chamberlain,  and  for 

K  the 


66  HISTORICAL    DESCRIPTION 

the  right  proportioning  the  quota  of  each  parifh  they  laid  To 
much  upon  each  mark  land  in  the  parifh.  But  when  RohcFt 
Stewart  earl  of  Orkney  came  to  be  proprietor  of  the  bifliop's 
rents  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,  finding  there  had  formerly- 
been  luch  a  payment,  he  put  it  to  his  rental,  and  caufcd  the  in- 
habitants to  pay  it  yearly,  and  it  has  ever  fince  been  paid  under 
the  denomination  of  the  wall  rent,  and  amounts  to  about  fifty 
pounds  Iterling  a  year.  It  is  payable  at  Lammafs  in  the  prefent 
year  in  money  ;  but  it  would  feem,  that  fome  af  the  heritoFS 
of  Zetland,  lefs  fupertVitious  and  wifer  than  the  reft,  would 
never  pay  their  quotas  thereof,  fo  there  are  feveral  roums  in  each 
parifli  where  that  rent  is  retained  as  never  in  ufe  of  payment. 

6th  and  laft  fpecies  of  payment   in  the  crown   rental  is  that 

called  the  ox  and  Jbeep  filver.     This  is  laid  to  be  a  compliment 

riven  to  the  earl  of  Bothwell,  mentioned  before,  when   he  w^s 

in  Zetland,  of  an  ox  and  i  2  Iheep  out  of  every   pariflr  in  the 

country  for  the  maintenance  of  his  family  ;   but  feems  rather  ta 

be  a  tax  impofed  upon  the  country  by  Robert  and  Patric  Stewarts 

earls  of  Orkney  ;   for  they  were  the  firft  that  made  it  an  annual 

payment,  and  put  it  in  tbeir  rental,  and  it  is  proportioned  upon  the 

mark  lands  in  each  parifli,   amounting    yearly   to   about  twenty 

pounds  fterling  ;  but  there  are  feveral  relations  of  it,  as  of  the 

wattle,  never  in  ufe  of  payment ;  it  is   payable  at  Lammafs  in 

the  prefent  year   in  money.      This   is  the   denomination  under 

which  the  crown  rents  of  Zetland  are  yearly  paid,  and  what  the 

whole  may  annually  amount   to  can  be  no  other  wn.ys  certainly 

computed  than  as  it  ftands  in  the  rental  thereof,  being  moil:  of 

it  paid  in  butter  and  oil,   fo  thefe  rents   are  yearly  more  or  lefs, 

according  to  the  prices  thefe  commodities  give,   and  as  the  lands 

are  improven  ;  but  there  is  always  a  confiderable  difcount  upon 

the  rental  charge. 

The 


OF      Z    E    T    L    A    N    D.  ^^ 

The  land  rent  payable  yearly  to  the  heritors  and  fevvers  is 
only  that  called  la?id  jneals^  formerly  paid  in  butter  and  wad-mill, 
now  paid  in  butter  and  money,  in  the  prefent  year,  the  butter 
at  Lammafs,  and  the  money  at  Martinmafs,  each  mark  land 
paying  fo  much  ;  but  thefe  mark  lands  are  not  alike  in  the  rent ; 
but  according  to  what  pennies  the  mark,  tile  land  is,  as  that 
called  twelve  pennie  land,  which  is  the  dearell,  pays  the  marks 
of  butter,  i6  fliillings  Scots  of  Wa:d-mill,  and  8  IhilHngs  faid 
money  of  graffums  ;  lo  pennie  land  pays  each  mark  14  mark 
and  I  of  a  mark  of  butter,  14  fliillings  8  pennies  of  wad-mill, 
and  8  fhillings  of  graffums;  9  pennie  land  pays  12  marks  of 
butter,  I  2  (liilUngs  of  wad-mill  and  8  fhillings  of  graffums ;  8 
pennie  land  pays  10  marks  and  |  of  a  mark  of  butter,  ib 
ll^illings  8  pennies  of  wad-mill,  and  8  fliillings  of  graffums  ;  7 
pennie  land  pays  9  m.arks  j  of  a  mark  of  butter,  nine  fhillings 
and  4  pennies  of  wad-mill,  and  8  fliillings  of  graffums  ;  6 
pennie  land  pays  8  marks  of  butter,  and  8  fliillings  of  wad-mill, 
and  8  fliillings  of  graffums  ;  and  4  penny  land,  which  is  the 
loweft,  pays  6  marks  of  butter,  6  lliilling  of  wad-mill,  and  8 
Ihillings  of  graffums ;  and  fome  lands  pay  no  graffums,  and 
others  nothing  but  the  butter  debt ;  the  crown  lands  pay  after 
the  fame  manner,  but  all  in  the  fubfequent  year  as  noticed 
before.  The  lands"  in  Zetland,  for  the  moil:  part,  are  not  very 
improveable,  and  the  landlords  generally  take  the  wrong  way 
for  encouraging  their  tenants  to  improve  the  lands;  for  it  is  the 
common  practice  with  many  of  them,  if  they  fee  the  tenant 
thriving,  and  by  his  induftry  becoming  richer  than  his  neigh- 
bour, he  mull:  be  warned  to  remove,  unlefs  he  will  pay  more 
rent  yearly,  or  a  large  entry  for  a  fliort  tack,  and  when  tliat 
tack  is  out  he  is  again  where  he  was,  and  mull:  pay  a  new  entry 
or  remove.     This  makes  many  tenants  carelefs,  nay  even  averfe 

K   2  to 


an  HISTORICAL    D  E  S  aR  I  P  T  I  O  N,  &c. 

to  improve;  whereas,  were  thofe  tenants  that  are  frugal  and  in- 
duftrioiis  encouraged  by  long  tacks,  and  entitled  to  the  benefit 
cf  their  own  improvement,  during  the  improver's  life,  without 
any  augmentation  of  the  rent,  the  landlord  after  the  improver's 
death  might  fet  that  land  to  another  for  a  greater  rent  than  it 
formerly  paid,  on  account  of  the  improvement,  and  give  the 
next  tenant  the  fame  encouragement  to  improve,  for  it  is  not  to 
be  expedled,  that  any  tenant  fliould  be  fo  felf-denyed  as  to  labour 
heartily  for  the  interell:  of  the  landlord  unlefs  he  find  his  own 
account  in  it. 

There  are  no  doubt  abundance  of  trifling  curiofities  and  old 
fabulous  traditions  in  Zetland,  that  fome  would  have  thought 
worth  the  relating  ;  but  neither  my  genius,  nor  intended  brevity^ 
will  permit  me  to  enter  upon  that  fubjedt. 


APPENDIX. 


[     69     ] 


P      P        E      N      D      I      X. 


Spynic's  CHARTER  granted  to  the  Heritors  of  Zetland  upon- 

their  Udell  lands. 


TO  al!  and  fundrie  whom  it  effeirs,  to  whofe  knowledge  this  prefent  charter 
fliall  come,  Alexander  Douglas,  of  Spynic,  factor  commiffioner,  principal 
chamberlain  and  truflee  of  the  earldom  of  Orkney,  and  lordQiip  of  Zetland,  greet- 
ing in  God  everlafling ;  for  as  mickle  as  our  fovereign  lord  the  king's  majefly  be 
his  charter  of  donation  under  the  great  feal  of  Scotland,  of  the  date  at  Whitehall, 
the  twenty-third  day  of  April,  one  thoufand  fix  hundred  and  fixty-two  years,  hath- 
given,  granted,  difponed,  and  confirmed,  to  annoble  lord  George  vifcount  of 
Grandifon,  bis  heirs,  afligns,  and  fucceflbr?,  under  reverfion  therein  mentioned, 
all  and  heall  the  faid  earldom  of  Orkney  and  lordfhip  of  Zetland,  lying  within  the 
faid  kingdom  of  Scotland,  with  all  and  fundry  lordfhips,  baroni?s,  iiles,  caftles, 
courts,  fortalices,  manor  places,  boufcs,  biggings,  and  others  particularly  therein 
fpecified,  together  with  the  lands  called  Udell  lands,  lying  within  the  faid  earldom 
and  lordfhip  of  Spynick,  with  power  to  the  faid  noble  vifcount,  his  heirs  and 
aflign?,  forefaid,  to  fell  and  difpone,  in  heritable  few  farm,  any  part  of  the  faid 
earldom  and  lordfhips,  udell-lands,  and  others  forefaid  belonging  there  o,  to  be 
holden  of  the  faid  George  vifcount  of  Grandifon,  his  faid  heirs,  fuccelfors,  anxl 
affignies,  during  the  not  redenjption  of  the  faid  earldom  and  lordHiip  ;  and 
after  the  lawful  redemption  thereof,  when  it  ftiall  happen,  of  our  lb%ereign 
lord  the  king's  majefly,  and  his  majefty's  heirs  and  fuccelfors,  in  few  farm  and 
heritage,  heritable  and  inredeemable  forever,  according  to  the  prefent  rental,  and 
without  diminution  thereof,  as  the  faid  charter  of  donation,  containing  therein 
divers  and  fundry  other  powers,  privileges,  immunities,  ciaufes,  and  conditions, 
■with  precept,  and  inftrument  of  feafon  following  thereupon,  at  more  length  bears: 
Like  as  the  faid  George  vifcount  of  Grsudiibn  be  his   ccmmiffion  of  the  date  the 

faid 


70  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORICAL 

faid  23d  day  of  April,  and  year  aforefaid,  did  nominate  and  appoint  John  earl  of 
Mjddletown,  William  duke  of  Hamilton,  Sir  Andrew  Ramfay  of  Abbots-hall, 
knight,  ar.d  William  earl  of  Morton,  lord  Dalkeith  and  Aberdour,  to  be  his  truflees 
for  managing  the  ailairs  of  the  faid  earldom  and  lordfliip;  and  hath  given  them,  or 
any  quorum  of  them,  or  their  conuniffioner  in  their  names,  all  full  power  and 
commilhon  thereby  for  managing  the  affairs  of  the  fitm.e,  as  the  faid  noble  vifcount 
could  do  therein  himfelf  if  he  were  perfonally  prefent,  as  the  faid  commiffion  of 

'^he  date  afoFefaid  at  more  length  purports;  and  fiklike,  the  faid  John  earl  of  IMiddle- 
to\vn,_  and  remnant  truftecs  above  'defigned  by  their  faftorie  and  commijfion  of  the 
date  ihe  7th  day  of  February,  1663  years  lail  by  part,  having  given  full  power 
and  commiffion  to  me  Alexander  Douglas  of  Spynic,  to  be  their  faftor  commiffioner, 
principal  chamberlain,  aud  b^Mllie  of  the  faid  earldom  and  lordfhip,  and  to  fet  out 
in  few  farm  the  lands,  iflcs,  udell-Iands,  teynds,  and  others,  forefaid_  belonging 
thereto,  and  lying  within  the  fame,  for  augmentation  of  the  rental,   wiihout  dimi- 

■  iiution  thereof  as. faid  is,  as  alfo'to  enter  and  receive  fewers,'  vaffals,  and  tenants  of 
the  faid  lands,  and  to  uplift  and .  receive  from  ihem  their  few  ^ties,  compofition, 
and  other  cafualties  due  therefore, 'to  conrpodnd^'tranfaft,  and  agree  there  an ent, 
and  to  do  every  other  thing  there  anent,  that  the  faid  noble  truflees,  or  their 
faid  co.iftituent  could  do  therein  themfelves,  if  they  were  perfonally  prefent 
to  aft  tlierein,  as  in  the  faid  factory  and  commiffion  of  the  date  above  written 
at  more  length  is  contained.  And  now  I  underrtanding,  and  being  perfecHy 
informed  that  A.  B.  by  himfelf,  his  authors  and  prtdecellbrs,  and  their  tenants 

.,f)f  the  lands  after  fpecified,  has  right  and  polleffion  of  all  and  fundry  Udell- 
lands,  particularly  under-written,  of  whole  right  and  pofleflion  of  all  and 
fundry  udell-lands  aforefaid  I  being  no  ways  willing  to  prejudge  him,  but 
rather  to  grant  unto  him,  his  heirs,  and  affignies,  a  more  perfed  right  and  fe- 
curity  of  the  fame  :  Therefore,  and  for  augmentation  of  the  rental  thereof,  as 
alio  for  a  certain  fum  of  money  paid  and  delivered  unto  me  by  the  faid  A.  B« 
whereof  I  grant  the.  receipt,  and  difcharge  him  thereof,  renouncing  all  exception 
of  tlie  law  that  can  be  propor.ed  to  the  contrary:  To  have  given,  granted  in  heri- 
table and  perpetual  few  ferm,  fet,  aud  let,  and  by  this  my  prefent  charter  confirmed; 
Like  as  I  by  the  tenor  hereof  give,  grant,  in  •heritable  few  ferm,  fet,  and  let,  and 
by  this  my  prefent  charter,  confirm  to  the  faid  A.  B.  his  heirs  aild  affignies,  vvhat- 
fomever  heritable,  all  and  fundry  his  udell-lands  after  mentioned  poffcifed  by  him, 
aud  his  authors  and  tenants  in  their  name  :   All  and  iieall  mark  land        , 

pennys  the  mark  in  the  room  of  &c.  with  the  houfes,  biggings,  yeards,  tofts, 

crofts^  town  malls,  queys,  quey  lands,  ulbracks,  neffes,  illes,  holms,  fKerries, 
annexes,  conexies,  parts,  pendrils,  and  heall  pertinents  whatfomever,  of  all  and 
fundry  the  faid  lands,  all  lying  within  the  ifles  and  parifhes  refpeftive  forefaid  Jord- 
Ihip  of  ^etland,  and  flierrilfdom  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,  to  be  held  in,  and  to  be 
bad,  alland  heall  the  faid  lands,  with  the  pertinents  lying,  as  faid  is,  by  the  faid 
A.  B.  his  heirs  and  affignies  whatfomever,  of  the  faid  nuble  lord  George  vifcount 
of  Grandifon,  his  heir*;,  affigns,  and  iiiccelTors,  during  the  not  rcdcmpuon  of  the 
faid  earldom  and  lordfhip,  and  after  their  lawiull  redemption  thereof,  when  it  fhall 
happen,  of  cur  fove.cign  lord  the  king's  majtily,  aud  his  niajelly's  heirs  and  iuc- 

ctliors. 


DESCRIPTION    OF    ZETLAND..  71 

•eflbrs,  in  few  ferm  and   Iieriwpp  for  ever,  by  all  right  mithes,  and  marches,  as^ 
the  fame  lies  in  le;igth  and  b^'^adth,  in  houfes,  biggin<^s,  yeards,  tofts,  crofts,  qiioys, 
quoy  'laiifls,  hills,  dales,  nellLi,  holms,  limeflone  quarries,  mortar,  clay,  fewel, 
feal,  divots,  thack  heather,   [jeats,   peat  mofs,  meadows  grafs,   and   with  power  to 
make  irbracks  on  fctts,  foulds,  garnhs,  ways,  water   flanks,  burns,  flripcs,  fowl- 
ing, filhing  in  frcfh  water,  and  fait  waters,  tany  waire   out  freedom,  in   freedom, 
paftour,   leafour,  and   with  common  paOure,  freeifh,   and  entry,   and  wit!'  all  and 
fundry  other  freedoms,  commodities,  liberties,    privileges,    profits,  eafements,  and 
righteous  pertinents  whatfomever,  as  well  not  named  as  named,  under  the  earth 
as  above  the  fame,  far  or  near,  from  the  higheft  in  the   hill  to  the  lowcft  in  the 
ebb,  pertaining  to  the  faid  lands,  and  others  above  fpecifud,  with  their  pertinentf:, 
or  that  (hall  righteoufly  be' known  to  pertain  and  belong  thereto  in  any  maner  of 
■way,  freely,  quietly,  wholly,  well,  and  in  peace,  but  revocation,  contradiftion,  or 
again  calling  whatfomever  :  Paying  therefore  yearly  the  faid  A.  B.  his  heirs  and 
fucceflors,  or  affignies  forefaid  to  the  faid  noble  lord  George  vifcount  of  Grandifon, 
hir  heirs,  affignies,  and  fucceffors,  their  fadlors  or  chamberlains,  in   their    names, 
and  that  during  the  not  redemption   of  the  faid   earldom   and   lordfhip  ;  and   after 
the    lawful   redemption    thereof,    whenever    the   fame   fhall   happen,   to  our  fard 
fovereign  lord  the  king's  majeflv,  and  his  majefty's  heirs  and  fucceifors,  their  tax- 
men,  taftors,  chamberlains,  and  others,  in   their  names,    conform  to  ufe  and  wont 
the  feat  and  wattle  duties  in  ufe  to  be  paid  forth  of  the -faid   lands,  conform  to  the 
rental  at  terms  of  payment  and  parts  accuftomed  in  name  of  few  farm,  together 
with  the  fum  of  three  ihillings  four  pennies  Scots  money,  at  thefirlt  of  Martinmals 
yearly,  in  augmentation  of  the  rental  thereof,  more  than  ever  the  fame  lands  paid, 
before  ;    together  a!fo  with   the   fum  of    10  marks  money  forefaid,  at  ths    entry 
of  every  heir  to  the  laid  lands,  in   name  of  doubling   the   few  farm  duty,   by  and 
autour  the  fame  few  farm  duty  allenerly,  and  the  faid  A.  B.  and  his  forefaids,,  giving 
fuit  and  prefence  to  an  head  court  to  be  holden  by  the  faid  noble  vifcount    and  liia- 
forefaids,  or  others,  having  power  from  his  majefly  after  the  redemption  forefaid,  and. 
their  deputes  in  their  nam.es ;  at  Scalloway  caflle  yearly,  with  this  fpecial  provilion 
always,  like  as  it  is  provided  by  exprefs  condition  hereof,  in  cafe   it  fliall  happen 
the  faid  A.  B.  his  heirs  and  affignies  forefaid  to  fail  in  making  good  and  thankful 
payment  of  the  few  feriiti  duties  of  the  forefaid  lands  and  augmentation  thereof 
nbove  Wvitten,  fo  that  three  years  run,  in  the  fourth  together  unpaid,  this  prefent 
charter  fliall  be  null  and  of  none  avail,  for  a  ftrength  or  effedl  as  if  the  lame  had. 
never  been  made.     And  I  for  fueth,  the  fa'd  Alexander  Douglafs,  of  Spynic,  my 
heirs  and  fucceflors,  all  and  fundry  the  forenamed  lands;  viz.  All  and  heall  the  faid 
marks  of  land,  in  &c,  with  the  houfes,  biggings,  yeards,  tofts,  crofts,, 

town-malls.,  quoys,  quoylands,  mbracks,  holms,  fkerries,  nelfes,  annexes,  connc^ies,. 
parts,  pendriis,  and  apertinents,  of  all  and  fundry  the  faid  lands  lying  within  the 
forefaid  iOands,  parif^es,  refpf.dtive  lordfliip,  and  fheriffdom  above  written,  io  the- 
fuid  A.  B.  his  heirs  and  afTignies  whatfomever  heritable,  from  all  perils,  dangers, 
and  inconveniencies  whatfomever,  proceeding  of  my  own  proper  faft  and  deed 
allenarly,  in  ancj  by  all  things  in  form  and  eliect  as  is  above  written  {hall  warranty 

accHut;^ 


m 


APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORICAL 


acquit,  and  defend,  autour  to  my  lovets  and  ilk  any  of  yours,  &c.  to  the  faid 
A.  B.  or  his  certain  procutor,  or  attorney,  bearer  hereof,  by  deliverance  of  earth 
and  ftone  of  the  ground  of  the  faid  mark  land,  in  I  deffrrn  and 

ordiiin  to  ftand  and  be  a  iufficient  feafon  in  all  time  coming,  for  all  the  lands  and 
others  above-written,  with  the  pertinents,  notwithftanding  the  fame  lies  not  con- 
tiguous together,  but  in  divers  different  places,  pariflies,  and  ifles,  where  anent  I 
have  difpenced,  and  hereby  dlfpences  with  for  ever,  conform  to  the  tenor  of  this 
above  written  charter,  and  this  in  no  ways  5'ou  leave  undone,  &c.  In  witnefs 
whereof,  to  this  prefent  charter,  containing  precept  of  feafon,  in  the  end  thereof, 
written  by  fubl'cribed  with  my  hand,  my  feal  is  appended  at 

the  day  of  1664,  before  chefe  witneffes,  A.  D. 

Spynic^s  Feiio  Charter  granted  to  the  fewers  of  the   Crozvn-land 

in  Zetland. 

TO  all  and  fundry  whom  it  effeirs,  to  whofe  knowledge  this  prefent  charter 
fltall  come.  Alexander  Douglas  of  Spynic,  faftor  commiffioner,  principal  cham- 
berlain, and  truftee  of  the  earldom  of  Orkney  and  lordfhip  of  Zetland,  greeting 
in  God  everlafting,  for  fo  much  as  our  fovereign  lord  the  king's  majefty,  by  his 
charter  of  donation  under  the  great  feal  of  Scotland,  of  the  date  at  Whitehall, 
the  23d  day  of  April,  1662,  hath  given,  granted,  defponed,  and  confirmed,  to  a 
noble  lord  George  vifcount  of  Grandifon,  his  heirs,  affignies,  and  fucceffors,  under 
reverfion  therein  mentioned,  all  and  heall  the  faid  earldom  of  Orkney  and  lord- 
fliip  of  Zetland,  lying  within  the  faid  l<ingdom  of  Scotland,  with  all  and  fundry 
lordftiips,  baronies,  ifles,  caftles,  courts,  fortalices,  manor  places,  houfes,  biggings, 
and  others  particularly  therein  fpecified,  together  with  the  lands  called  Udell-lands, 
lying  within  the  faid  earldom  and  lordfliip,  with  power  to  the  faid  noble  vifcount, 
his  heirs  and  affignies  forefaid,  to  fell  and  difpone  in  heritable  and  perpetual  few 
farm  any  part  of  the  faid  earldom  and  lordfhips,  udell-lands,  and  others  forefaid 
belonging  thereto,  to  be  holden  of  the  faid-  George  vifcount  of  Grandifon,  Lis 
faid  heirs,  fucceffors,  and  affignies,  during  the  not  redemption  of  the  faid  earldom 
and  lordfhip,  and  after  the  lawful  redemption  thereof,  when  it  fliall  happen,  of 
our  fovereign  lord  the  king's  majefly,  and  his  majefty 's  heirs  and  fucceffijrs,  in  few 
farm  and  heritage,  heritable  and  irredeemable  for  ever,  according  to  the  prefent 
rental,  and  without  diminution  thereof,  as  the  faid  charter  of  donation,  containing 
thereuntil  divers  and  fundry  other  powers,  privileges,  immunuies,  claufes,  and 
conthtions,  with  precept  and  inftrument  of  leafon  following  thereupon,  at  more 
length  bears.  Like  as  the  faid  George  vifcount  of  Grandifon,  by  his  commiffion  of 
the  date  the  faid  23d  day  of  Ap-il  and  year  forefaid,  did  noitiinate  and  appoint 
John  earl  of  Middletown,  William  duke  of  Hanuljon,  Sir  Andrew  Ramfay  of 
Abbotshi!!-,  knight,  and  Willi.'im  earl  nf  Morton,  lord  Dalkeith  and  Aberdour, 
to  be  his  truftee  for  managing  the  nfrairs  of  the  faid  earldom  and  lordfliip,  and 
hath  given  them^  or  anv  quorum  of  them,  or  their  comrajjuoaer  in  their  name,  as 
I  '  full 


DESCRIPTION    OF    ZETLAND. 


■73 


full  power  and  commiffion  thereby  for  managing  the  affairs  of  the  fame,  as  the  faid 
noble  vifcount  could  do  therin  himfelf  if  he  were  perfonally  prefert,  as  the  faid 
commiffion  of  the  date  forefaid  at  more  length  proports :  And  fik  like  the  faid  Joha 
earl  of  Middletown,  William  duke  of  Hamilton,  and  remnant,  trullees  above, 
defigned  by  their  faftory  and  commiffion  of  the  date  of  the  2oih  of  February,  1665, 
laft  by  pafl,  having  given  full  power  and  commiffion  to  me  the  faid  Alexander 
Douglas,  of  Spynic,  to  be  their  fadtor  commiffiioner,  principal  chamberlain,  and 
baillie  of  the  faid  earldom  and  lordffiip,  and  to  fet  out  in  few  farm  the  land,  illes, 
udell-lands,  tiends,  and  others  belonging  thereto,  and  lying  within  the  fame,  for 
augmentation  of  the  rental,  without  diminution  thereof  as  faid,  as  alfo  to  enter 
and  receive  fewers,  valTalls,  and  tenants  of  the  faid  lands,  and  to  uplift  and  receive 
from  them,  their  few  duties,  compofitions,  and  other  cafuahies  due  therefrom,  to 
compound,  tranfadt,  and  agree  there  anent,  and  to  do  every  other  thing  there 
anent,  that  the  faid  noble  trullees,  or  their  conilituent,  could  do  therein  them- 
felves,  if  they  were  perfonally  prefent  to  afl  therein,  as  in  the  faid  faftory  and 
commiffion  of  the  date  above  written  at  more  length  is  contained.  And  now  I 
underflanding  pcrfeftly,  that  the  end  and  caufe  of  letting  out  of  lands,  and  others 
above  written,  in  few  farm,  is  for  the  better  improvement  thereof,  and  that  con- 
form to  the  laudable  laws  of  the  realm  made  anent  planting  and  policy,  the  fame 
may  be  the  better  decernd  and  brought  through  the  pains  and  induftry  of  frugal 
and  virtuous  people  to  the  more  fertility,  and  knowing  iikewife  that  the  lands  and 
others  after  fpecified  were  never  fet  in  few  farm  of  before,  therefore,  and  for 
augmentation  of  the  rental  thereof,  as  alfo  for  a  certain  fum  of  money  paid  and 
delivered  to  me  by  A.  B.  wherewith  I  hold  me  well  content,  fatisfied  and  paid,  and 
difcharge  him  of  the  fame,  renouncing  all  exceptions  of  the  law  that  can  be  pro- 
poned, or  alledged  in  the  contrary,  to  have  given,  granted  in  heritable  and  per- 
petual few  farm  fet  and  letten ;  and  by  this  my  prefent  charter  confirm,  like  as  I 
by  the  tenor  hereof,  give,  grant,  inheritable  and  perpetual  few  farm,  fet  and  let,- 
and  be  this  my  prefent  charter,  conform  to  the  faid  A.  B.  his  heirs  and  affignies 
whatfomever  heritable,  all  and  heall  markland  pennys  the  mark  in 

the  room  of  &c.  with  the  houfes,  biggings,  yeards,  holms,  nelTes,  tofts, 

crofts,  town  molls,  quoys,  quoylands,  utbracks,  annexes,  connexes,  and  per- 
tinants  whatfomever  pertaining  thereto,  lying  within  the  pariili  of  lordfliip 

of  Zetland,  and  fherriffdom  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,  to  be  holden  and  to  be  had 
all  and  heall  the  faid  markland  in  &c.  with  the  houfes,  biggings,  and 

pertinants  thereto  belonging,  lying  as  is  above-mentioned,  to  the  faid  A.  B.  and 
his  heirs  and  affiignies  whatfomever,  of  the  faid  George  vifcount  of  Grandifon,  his 
heirs  and  fucceffiars,  during  the  not  redemption  of  the  faid  earldom  and  lordlhip, 
and  after  the  lawful  redemption  thereof,  when  it  ffiall  happen,  of  our  fovepeigu 
lord  the  king's  majefly,  his  highneffes  heirs  and  fuccelTors,  in  few  farm  fee  and 
heritage  for  ever,  be  all  right  marches,  and  divided  as  the  fame  lies  in  length  and 
breadth,  the  houfes,  biggings,  yeards,  holms,  nefles,  tofts,  crofts,  town  molls, 
quoys,  quoy  lands,  meadows,  mofles,  muirs,  ways,  waters,  flanks,  locks,  burns, 
llripes,  hills,  dales,  fowling,    filhing   in  frelh  water  and  fait,  peats,  peat,  mofs, 

L  cunings. 


74  APPENDIX    TO    THE   HISTORICAL 

cunings,  cuningyers,  doves,  dovecots,  links,  limeftone  quarry,  grafs,  wair,  out 
Jreedom,  in  freedom,  paftour,  leifuie,  with  common  pafture  freeifli  and  entrie, 
and  with  all  and  fundry  commodities,  privileges,  eafements,  profits,  and  righteous 
pertinents,  as  well  not  named  as  named,  under  the  earth  as  above,  far  as  near 
pertaining,  or  that  juftly  fliall  be  known  to  pertain  and  belong  to  the  fame  lands, 
and  others  above  fpecified,  in  any  manner  of  way,  freely,  quietly,  well,  and  in 
peace  ;  but  any  impediment,  obflacle,  contradiflion,  or  again  calling  whatfomever, 
paying  therefore  yearly  the  faid  A.  B.  his  faid  heirs  and  affignies,  to  the  faid 
George  vifcount  of  Grandifon,  his  heirs,  allignies,  and  fucceflbrs,  faftors,  cham- 
berlains, fervitors,  and  others  in  their  name,  during  the  not  redemption  of  the  faid 
earldom  and  lordfliip,  and  after  the  lawful  redemption  thereof,  when  it  fliall 
happen,  to  cur  faid  fovereign  lord  the  king's  majefty,  his  highneffes's  heirs  and 
fucceflbrs,  their  fadtors,  chamberlains,  and  others,  in  their  name,  the  land  mealls 
and  duties  jufily  adibeted,  and  yearly  payable  forth  therewith,  conform  to  the 
rental  ;  viz.  the  number  and  quantity  of  lifpounds  of  butter,  or  48  fliillings 

Scots  for  each  lifpound  of  butter,  with  the  fum  of  pounds  Scots  money,  as 

for  the  land  mailes  of  the  heall  above  named  lands,  with  the  pertinents,  together 
alfo  with  the  feat  and  wattle,  and  other  accudomed  duties  likeways  due  payable 
forth  of  the  fame,  conform  to  the  rental  at  the  terras  of  payment  and  ports  ufed 
and  wont,  all  in  name  of  few  farm,  and  other  dudes  liable  and  due  to  be  per- 
formed by  the  faid  A.  B.  and  his  forefaids,  as  ufe  is  together,  alfo  with  the  fum 
of  four  fhillings  Scots  raone)',  at  the  term  of  Martinmas,  in  augmentation  of  the 
rental  thereof,  more  than  ever  the  fame  paid  before,  and  alfo  giving  of  fuit  and 
prefence-  to  the  three  head  courts,  to  be  held  in  the  faid  noble  vifcount  and  his 
forefaids,  or  their  deputes,  or  others,  having  power  from  his  majefty,  after  the 
redemption  forefaid,  at  the  town  of  Scallaway  banks  yearly,  and  to  all  other  courts 
to  be  holden  by  them,  when  they  Hiall  be  lawfully  warned  thereto,  and  the  heirs 
of  the  faid  A.  B.  paying  to  the  faid  noble  vifcount  and  his  forefaids,  during  the  not 
redemption  as  above  fpecified,  the  fum  of  money  forefaid,  the  firfl  year  of 

their  entry  to  the  faid  lands,  and  other  above  fpecified  in  name  of  doubling  the 
faid  few  farm  duties,  and  that  by  and  attilour  the  fame  few  farm  duties,  and  other 
above  written,  for  all  other  burdens,  anions,  demands,  or  fervicc  fecullor,  that 
of  the  fame  lands,  and  others,  with  the  pertinents  thereof  above  exprefled  in  any 
ways,  may  beafkcd  or  required:  Providing  always,  like  as  it  is  hereby  efpecially  pro- 
vided, that  in  cafe  it  (hall  happen  the  faid  A.  B.  and  his  forefaids,  do  fail  in  making 
good  and  thankful  payment  ol  the  laid  few  farm  duty  yearly,  with  the  feat  and 
wattle,  and  augmentation  above-mentioned,  fo  that  it  happen  two  years  to  run, 
and  the  third  unpaid  then,  and  in  that  cafe  this  prefent  few  farm  charter  fliall  be 
null  and  of  none  avail,  force,  flrengih,  tior  effeft,  as  if  the  fame  had  never  been 
rr:ade  nor  granted.  And  I  forthwith,  the' faid  Alexander  Douglafs,  of  Spynic,  my 
heirs  and  fucctffors,  all  and  heall  the  faid  mark  land,  in  &c.  with 

the  heall,  houfes,  biggings,  yeards,  holms,  neffes,  parts,  pendicles,  and  pertinents 
thereof  whatfomever,  lying  in  the  faid  parifties  within  the  faid  lordfliip  of  Zetland, 
to  the  faid  A.  B.  his  heirs  and  alTignies  forefaid,  from  all  perils,  dangers,  and  in- 
conveniences 


DESCRIPTION    OF    ZETLAND.  75 

conveniences  whatfomever,  proceeding  of  my  own  proper  faft  and  deed  alternately, 
in  all  and  by  all  things,  in  form  and  effeft,  as  is  above  fpecified  fliall  warrant, 
acquit,  and  defend  :  Autour,  To  my  lovits  and  every  one  of  you, 

my  baillies,  in  that  part  conjunctly  and  feverally  conftitute,  greeting,  it  is  my  will 
and  I  charge  you,  that  incontinant  after  fight  hereof  ye  pafs,  exhibit,  give,  and 
deliver  heritable  ftaie  and  feafon,  aclual,  real,  and  corporal  pofrellion  of  all  and 
heall  the  faid  marks  of  land  in  &c.  with   the  houfes,  biggings,  &c. 

and  this  in  no  ways,  &c.  In  witnefs  whereof  to  this  my  preleat  Charter,  containing 
precept  of  feafon  in  the  end  thereof.  Written  by,  &c.  and  fubfcribed  wiih  my 
hand,  my  feal  being  apeudit  at  the  day  of  1664,  before   thele 

witneffes.    A.  D. 

I'he  ^eeti^s  Gift  of  the  I/lands  of  Orkney  and  Zetland  to  the 
Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  M  O  R  T  O  N. 

OUR  Sovereign  Lady,  confidering,  that  forafmuch  as  her  majefty  and  the 
eftates  of  parliament,  by  their  aft  and  difpofuion,  of  the  date  the  12th  day  of 
February  inftant,  and  for  the  good  and  weighty  caufes  therein  mentioned,  for  all 
right  or  title  any  way  competent  to  rhe  crown  or  principality  of  Scotland,  have 
diffolved  and  thereby  diflblve,  from  the  crown  and  patrimony  thereof,  all  and  haiU 
the  earldom  of  Orkney  and  lordfhip  of  Zetland,  with  all  and  fundry  ifles,  holms, 
burghs,  udell-lands,  and  other  lands  whatfomever,  of  what  name  and  by  what  de- 
fignation  the  fame  are  or  may  be  knov^n,  lying  within  the  flierift'dom  or  fleuartrie  of 
Orkney,  and  pertaining  to  the  faid  earldom  and  lordfliip,  and  by  the  ads  of  an- 
nexation pafled  in  the  parliaments  held  in  the  years  1612  and  1669,  pertaining  to 
her  Majefty,  or  by  whatever  other  right  or  title,  together  with  all  caflles,  towers, 
fortalices,  milns,  makers,  filliings,  arents,  reverfions,  patronages  of  kirks,  chap- 
lanries,  alterages  or  prebendrics,  teinds,  parfonage  or  vicarage,  with  the  office  of 
judiciary,  fherifffliip,  ftewartfhip,  bailliary,  and  foundary,  with  the  cafualties  and 
privileges  thereto  belonging,  together  with  all  other  parts,  pendicles,  and  pertinents, 
cafualties,  jurifdidtions,  privileges,  and  others  v\  hatl'omevcr  belonging  to  the  lame, 
to  the  eftedt  her  Majefty  might  difpone  to  her  Majefty's  right,  truftce,  and  well-be- 
loved coufin  and  counfellor  James  carl  of  Morton,  his  heirs  and  luccedbrs  what- 
fomever, the  faid  earldom,  lordfhip,  ifles,  lands,  milns,  offices,  jurifdiftions, 
cafualties,  and  other  above-mentioned,  or  any  other  part  thereof,  a,nd  that  in  fuch 
manner  as  may  moft  effedually  preferve  the  fame  to  the  faid  earl  and  his  forefaids, 
for  fupport  of  the  family  of  Morton,  redeemable  by  her  Majefty,  and  her  royal 
fucceflbrs,  on  payment  of  30,000  pounds  fterling,  extending  to  36,000  pounds 
Scots  money ;  and  that  in  due  and  competent  form,  to  be  holden  all  and  fundry 
the  forefaid  earldom,  lordfhip,  iftes,  lands,  milns,  burohs,tiends,  patronage,  offices, 
jurifdidions,  cafualties,  and  others  above  written,  with  the  pertinents,  to  the  faid 
James  earl  of  Morton,  and  his  forefaids,  of  her  Majefty  and  her  royal  fucceflbrs, 
giving    yearly  the    faid  James   earl  of    Morton    and    his  forefaids,    to  her   faid 

L  2  M.-jefty 


7^  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORICAL 

Majcfty  and  her  royal  fucceflbrs,  during  the  not  redemption  for  all  and  fiindry  the 
forefaid  earldom,  ifles,  holms,  udell-lands,  and  other  lands,  milns,  burghs,  teinds, 
patronages,  offices,  jurifdiftions,  and  others  above-mentioned,  with  the  pertinences, 
the  fum  of  6000  pounds  Sects  money,  at  two  terms  in  the  year,  Whitfunday  and 
Martinmafs,  be  equal  portions  in   name  of  few  farm,  with  the  double  of  the  faid 
few  duty  at  the  entry  of  every  heir,  and  adminiflration  of  juftice  to  all  and  lundry 
her  Majefty's  leidges,  in  the  aforefaid  oflices,  as  accords  with  the  fum  of   1600 
pounds  Scots  money,  to  the  minifters  of  Orkney,  or  fuch  other  funis  as  are  or  fhall 
be  modified  by  way  of  augmentation   to  the  faid  minifters  out  of  the  tiends  above 
difponed,  at  the  terms  of  payment  ufed  and  wont  for  all  other  burden,  exaftion, 
queflion,  demand,  or  fecular  fervicc,  which  may  be  any  way   afked  or  required 
forth  of  the  faid  earldom,  lordOiip,  ifles,   lands,  offices,  jurifdidions,   aud  others 
above  mentioned,  during  the  not  redemption,  relerving  all  hawks  pertaining  to  her 
majefty,  with  the  faulconaries,  falaries,  and  other  cafualties   to  them   belonging, 
conform  to  former  cuftoms  ufed  and  wont;  and  laltly,  her  Majefty,  with  advice 
and  confent  forefaid,  declared  and  ordained  the  right  to  be  granted  by  her  majefty 
and  her  royal  fucceflbrs  to  the  faid  earl  and  his  forefaids,  of  the  premifles  diflblved 
to  the  effedt  and  in  manner  forefaid,  to  be  alfo  valid  and  effeftual,  as  if  the  fame 
had  never  been   annexed   to   the  crown  and  patrim.ony  thereof,  and  as  the  faid 
earldom,   lordfhip,  ifles,  lands,  and   others  forefaid  were  there  particularly  enu- 
merate about  the  fame,  be  not  fo  done,  whereanent  her  Majefty  with  advice  and 
confent  forefaid,  by  the  faid  aft  of  Diffolution,  has  difpenced  for  ever,  and  her 
Maiefly  with  advice  and  confent  forefaid  ftatutes   and  declares,  that  the  faid  aft  of 
PiiTolution  fliould  have  the  full  force  ard  flrength  of  any  former  aft  of  Diffolution 
paft  in  the  beft  foim  with  all  claufes  needful;  and  refcinded  and  repelled  the  fore- 
faid afts  of  parliament  paft  in  the  faid  years  1612    and   1669,  and  all  other  afts 
annexing  the  forefaid  earldom  of  Orkney  and  lordfhips  of  Zetland,  ifles,  lands, 
offices,  jurifdictions,  and  others,  particularly  and  generally  abovementioned,  to  the 
crown,  and  the  heall  heads,  articles,  and  claufes  thereof,  in  fo  far  as  the  iame  might 
be  hurtful  and  prejudicial  to  the  forefaid  aft  of  Diffokition,   and   rights  to  follow 
thereon,  declaring  always,  that  the  right  and  jurifdiftlon  of  adm.iralty  is  not  therein 
comprehended  as  the  faid  aft  of  Diffolution  more  fully  proports.     Tlierefore  and 
in  profecution  of  the  faid  aft  of  parliament,  and  efpecially  that  her  Majcfly  may 
give  a  mark  of  her  royal  juftice  and  favour  to  the  faid  James  earl  of  Morton  and 
his  family,  for  preferving  the  fame,  our  faid  fovereign  lady,  with  advice  and  con- 
fent oF  her  majeily's  right   trufly   and   entirely    beloved   coufins  and   counfellors 
James  duke  of  Queenftierry,  her  Majefty's  high  commiflioner  of  her  antient  king- 
dom of  Scotland,  James  earl  of  Seafitld  lord  high  chancellor  of  the  faid  kingdom, 
James  marquis  of  Montrofe  prefident  of  her  Majefty's  privy  council,  Jam.es  earl  of 
Galloway,  Archibald  earl  of  Forfar,  David  earl  of  Glafgow  lord  treafurer  depute, 
William  lord  Rofs,  and  Mr.  Francis  Montugumery  of  GifFan,  lords  commiffioners 
of  her  Majefty's  treafury,  comptrollers  and  treafuryof  new  augmentation;  and  alfo 
with  the  fpecial  advice   and  confent  of  the  lords  and  others  commiffioners  of  her 
majefty's  exchequer  of  the  forfaid  kingdom,  ordains  a  charter  to  be  paft:  and  exped, 

under 


DESCRIPTION    OF    ZETLANI>.  77 

vmder  her  majefty's  great  feal  of  the  kingdom  of  Scotland,  in  due  form,  giving, 
granting,  felling,  annalizing,  and   in  few  firm   difponing  like  as  her   majeity,  by 
thefe  prefents,  gives,  grants,  fets,  annalizes,  and   difpoiies,  in  few  farm,  and  for 
her  majelly,  and  her  royal  fuccefTors,  with  confent  forefaid,  perpetually  confirms  to 
the  laid  James  earl  of  Morton,  and  his  heirs  male  whatfomever  fucceeding  to  him 
in  his  honour  and  dignity,  whilks   failing  to  his  heirs  and  allignies  whatfomever 
heritable,  with  and  under  the  reverfion  and  redemption  after  ipecified,  all  and  heall 
the  laid  earldom  of  Orkney  and  lordfliip  of  Zetland,  lying  within  the  laid  kingdom 
of  Scotland,  with  all  and  fundry  the  lands,   lordfhips,  regalities,  barronies,  ifles, 
caftles,  towers,  fortalicies,  manner  places,  houfes,  biggings,  yeards,  orchards,  parks, 
ferms,  milns,  miln  lands,  multers,  knavefhips,  woods,  fifliings  as  well  of  faimon 
as  of  other  filhes  in  frefh  and  fait   water,  freedoms,  grallums    for  entries,  tov.ns, 
burghs,  arents,  ferm  duties,  few  farms,  together  with  all   and  fundry  lands  called 
Udell-lands,  lying  within  the  faid  earldoms,  lordfhip,  and  ifles  of  the  fame,  with 
all  and  fundry  privileges,  cafualties,  and  commodities  whatfomever  pertaining  there- 
unto, either  by  fea  or  land,  with  tenants,  tenantries,  fervice  of  free  tenents,  as  v.ell 
to  teinds  bourgh  as   land   teinds,  great  and  fmall,  parforage  and  vicarage  teind 
duties,  advocations,  donations,  and  right  of  patronage  of  kirk  and   chaplanuvic, 
alterages  and  prebendries,  within  the  faid  earldom  and  lordfhip,   ifles,  udell-lands, 
and  others  thereto  belonging;  together  likewife  with  the  heritable  office  of  judi- 
ciary fherrifffhip,  or  ftevvartlhip,  baillicarie  and  founderfe  within  the  faid  earldom 
and  lordfliip,  ifles,  and  others  forefaid,  belonging  to  the  feamen,  with  wrack  and. 
ware,  together  with  all  and  fundry  privileges,  liberties,  fees,   cafualties,  and  other 
commodities  whatfoever  belonging   to  the  faid  office  of  julliciary,  flierifffhip  or 
ftuartlhip,  bailliearie  and  founderie,  or  any  of  them,  with  tuU   power  to  the  faid 
James  earl   of  Morton  and  his  forefaids,    to  kt,  affix,    affirm,  hold  and   continue 
jufliciar,  flierriif,  or  ffeuart  baillie,    and  foundery  courts  at  whatfomever  place  or 
places  within  the  heall  bounds  of  the  faid  earldom,  lordfhip,  ifles,  lands,  and  others 
forfaid,  moft  convenient  for  that  effed:,  and  to  make,  create,  and  conllitute,  juflice, 
iherriff,   itewart,  baillie,  and    foundary   deputes,  with  clarks,  procurator,    fifcalls, 
officers,  ferjants,  dempffers,  and  other  members  of  court,  needful  fo."  holding  the 
faid  jufticiar,  fherifT,  flewart,  baillie,  and  foundery  courts  within  the  heall  bounds 
of  the  faid  earldom,  lordfhip,  ifles,  and  lands,  and  other  above  written,  pertaining . 
thereto,  and  to  do  every  other  thing  neceffary  and  requifite  there  anent,  as  fully  and 
freely  in   all    refpefts   as   any  other  jufliciar,  fherifr,  fteuart,  baillie,  or  foundery 
within  the  faid  kingdom  of  Scotland,  ifles  of  Orkney  and  Zetland,  has  done  or 
may  do  by  virtue  of  their  office,  at  any  time  by  gone,  or  to  come.     Like  as  his 
majefty,  with  confent  forefaid,  by  thefe  prefents,  giveo,  grants,  and  difpones  to  the 
faid  James  earl  of  Morton,  and  his  forefaids,  in  all  timecomming  her  right  of  the 
few  and  other  duties,  cafualties,  and  fervices  of  all  and  fundry  the  heritable  vaflals 
and  others  within  the  faid  earldom,  lordfhip,  ifles,  lands,  and  others  forefaid,  with 
full  and  fole  power  to  the  faid  James  carl  of  Morton,  and    his  forefaids,  in   hei 
majefly's  place,  as  remaining  flill  their  immediate  fuperior  to  enter  and  receive  the 
faid  heritable  vafTals,  who  now  adually  hold  of  her  Majefly,  and  the  crown,  and 
2  their ; 


78 


APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORICAL 


their  heirs  to  grant  charter  and   infefcments  to  whatfomever  perfon  or  perrons':  of 
the  faid  earldom,   lordlhip,  ifles,  lands,  and  others  above   written,  with  the  per- 
tinents, or  any  part  thereof,  upon   refignation  or  difpofition  of  the  faid  vafTal,  or 
decreet  of  fale,  appreffing  or  ajudicatiun   from  them  ;  and  that  either  by  confir- 
mation or  charter,  containing  precept  of  feafon,  and  to  uplift,  intromit,  with  uplift 
and  difpofe  upon  all  and  fundry  the  cafualities  of  the   faid  vaflalls  already  vacant, 
and  not  difpcned,  or  which  fhall  happen  to  fall  or  vauk  hereafter,  in  all  time 
coming,  by  fingle  or  liferent  efcheat,  non-entry,  recognition,  or  any  other  manner 
of  way,  without  prejudice,   always  to  the  faid  earl  and  his  forefaids,  of  the  fupe- 
rioritics,  and  all  cafualties,  of  all  and  fuch  vaffals,  and  others,  who  formerly  held 
of  the  earl  of  Orkney,  and  do  not  now  hold  of  her  majefty;  it  is  alfo  with  fill! 
power  and  free  liberty  to  the  faid  vaffals  who  now  hold  of  her  Ma'iefty  to  return 
and  take  their  holdings  of  the  faid  earl  of  Morton  and  his  forefaids,  as  before  they 
held  the  fame  of  the  earls  of  Orkney,  in  their  option,  together  with  all  right,  title, 
intcrell,  claim  of  right,  property,  and  poffeffion,  petitor  and  pofieflbr,  with  her 
majedy,  her  predeceffbrs  or  fuccelfors  had,  as  or  any  ways  may  have,  allc,  claim, 
or  pretend,  to  the  faid  earldom,  lordfhip,  udell  lands,  teinds,  patronages,  milns, 
offices,  and  others,  above  difponed,  with  the  pertinents,  or  to  the  few  duties,  maills, 
fairms,  earns  cufloms,  cafualties,   fervices,  profits,   and  other  duties  of  the  fame, 
for  the  terms  of  Whitfiinday  and  Martinmas  1707  years,  and  that  for  the  crop  and 
year  of  God  1707  forefaid,  and  of  all  j'ears  and  terms  thereafter  to  come,  during 
the  not-redemption  under-written,  by  reafon  of  ward  non- entry,  relief  efchet,  efcheat 
life-rent,  for  faultry  difclamation,  bafterdie  laft  aire,    laft  aire  allination,  of  the 
whole,  or  moft  part,  redudlion  of  infefcments,  feafons,  and  retours,  not  fhcwing  of 
holdings,  not  payment  of  by  gone  duties,  want  of  confirmation,  or  by  virtue  of 
vvhatfoiver  aCts  of  annexation,  a£ls  of  parliaments,  laws,  ftatutes,  or  conftiaitions, 
made  or  to  be  made,  or  any  other  manner  of  way,  right,  or  title  whatfomever, 
caufe,  deed,  faft,   or  orcafion,    preceding  the  date  of  their  prefcnts,  renouncing, 
transfering,  and  over-giving  the  heall  right  of  the  premifes,  during  the  not-re- 
demption underwritten,  to  and  in  favour  of  the  faid  James  earl  of  Morton,  and 
his  forefaids,  with  all  power  to  him  and  them,  to  purfue  and  fuit  the  right  and 
benefit  of  the  heall  premifes,  and  to  afk,  crave,  receive,  intromet  with,  and  uplift 
the  heall  few  duties,  mealls,  farms,  kains,  cuftoms,  cafualties,  fervices,  profits,  and 
other  duties  above  difponed,  and  to  grant  gifts,  tafks,  aflignations,  tranflations,  and 
other  rights  and  conveyances  thereof,  or  of  any  part  of  the  fame,  and  to  call  and 
purfue  therefore  as  accords,  compon,  tranfaft  and  agree  there  anent,  and  to  grant 
acquittances,  renunciations,  and  difcharges  thereof,  which  fhall  be  fufficient  to  the 
receivers,  and  generally  all  and  fundry  other  things  in  and  concerning  the  premifes 
to  do,  ufe,  and  exerfe  iuch  like,  and  as  fully  in  all  refpefts  as  her  Majefty,  or  any 
of  her  royal  predeceflTors  or  fucceffbrs  have  done,  might  have  done,  or  may  do 
themfelves:  And  further,  herMajelly  has  united,  created,  ereded,  and  incorporated, 
and  by  thefe  prefents,  for  herfelf  and  her  highneffes  fucceflfors,  with  confent  afore- 
iaid,  unites,  creates,  erefts,  and  incorporates,  all  and  fundry  the  forefaid  lands,  lord- 
fhip,  towns,  udell  lands,  ifles,  teinds,  and  others,  forefaid  caftles,  towers,  forraticies, 

maner. 


DESCRIPTION     OF     ZETLAND.  7.; 

maner,  places,  woods,  graflums,  fifhings,  milns,  milnlands,  yeards,  orchards,  parks, 
femes,  fore  entries,  towns,  burghs,  offices,  patronages,  and  others  above  fpecified, 
with  the  pertinents,  in  an  hcall  and  free  earldom  and  lordfliip,  and  baronie,  with 
the  privilege  of  jtifticiary,  fhernfflliip,  or  ituartrie,  balliane,  or  foundery  re- 
fpedlive  to  be  called  now,  and  in  all  time  coming,  the  earldom  of  Oakney  and 
lordfhip  of  Zetland,  and  her  Majefty  wills  and  grants,  and  for  her  Majefty  and 
her  royal  fuccefibrs,  with  conient  forefaid,  defcerns  and  ordains,  that  an  feiline, 
now  to  be  taken  by  the  faid  James  earl  of  Morton,  and  his  heirs  male  above- 
mentioned,  which  failing  as  faid,  is  in  all  time  coming,  at  the  Caftle  of  Kirkwall, 
or  upon  any  part  of  the  ground  of  the  faid  lands,  earldom  and  lordfhip,  fliall  ftand, 
and  be  a  valid  and  fufficient  feafine  to  him  and  them  for  the  faid  haell  earldom, 
lordfhip,  lands,  baronies,  ifles,  udell  lands,  milns,  teinds,  tacks,  patronages,  offices, 
and  others  refpcdlive,  particulariy  and  generally  above  written,  with  the  heall  per- 
tinants  thereof,  notwithllanding  that  the  fame  be  of  divers  names  and  defignations, 
and  that  the  fame  lies  not  contiguous  together,  but  in  feparate  ifles,  where  anenr, 
her  Majelty  has  dilpenced,  and  be  thefe  prefents,  with  confent  forefaid,  difpenfes 
forever:  Providing  always,  like  as  it  is  hereby  provided  and  declared,  and  fhall 
be  provided  and  declared,  by  the  charter  and  infeftment  to  follow  hereon,  that  it 
fliall  be  leifom,  leifonie  and  lawfull  to  her  Majefty,  and  her  royal  fucceflTors,  at  any 
terms  of  Whitfunday  or  Martinmas,  hereafter  following;  upon  the  premonition  of 
6o  days  preceding  to  be  made  to  the  faid  James  earl  of  Morton,  and  his  forefaids, 
perfonally  at  their  dwelling  places,  in  prefence  of  a  notar,  and  witnefles,  to  redeem 
the  forefaid  earldom  of  Orkney  and  lordfhip  of  Zetland,  by  real  payment  making 
to  the  laid  James  earl  of  Morton,  and  his  forefaids,  of  the  faid  full  fum  of  30,000 
pounds  flerling  money  -,  upon  payment  of  which,  the  faid  James  earl  of  Morton, 
and  his  forefaids,  Ihall  be  holden  and  obliged  to  renounce  in  favour  of  her  Majefty, 
and  her  royal  fuccefibrs,  all  right  and  title  they  have,  or  can  pretend  to,  the  faid  earl- 
dom and  lordfhip,  in  all  time  thereafter,  any  manner  of  way  whatfomever,  with 
this  exprefs  condition  and  provifion  always,  that  until  the  fum  be  fo  redeemed  and 
duly  declared,  the  faid  earl  of  Morton,  and  his  forefaids,  (hall  bruck,  enjoy,  and 
pofiefs,  the  faid  earldom  and  lordftiip,  and  others  thereunto  pertaining  and  belong- 
ing above  written,  with  the  haill  maills,  few  dutiss,  and  other  duties,  profits,  and 
fervices,  and  cafuakies  thereof  in  the  fame  way  and  manner  as  if  the  fame  had 
been  difponed  heritable  and  irredeemably,  and  fhall  be  no  ways  accomptable  for 
his  intermifTions  therewith,  nor  fliall  the  fame  be  imputed  in  payment  of  the  fore- 
faid principal  fum,  as  alio  that  the  rents  and  few  duties  of  the  year  wherein  the 
faid  redemption  fliall  be  declared,  and  all  cafuakies  which  do  then  fall  and  heail 
benefit  aud  profit  thereof,  fhall  pertain  and  belong  to  the  faid  James  earl  of  Morton, 
to  be  holden,  and  to  be  held  all  and  fundry  the  forefaid  earldom  of  Orkney  and 
lordfliip  of  Zetland,  lands,  baronies,  ifles,  udell  lands,  milns,  tiends,  kirks,  patro- 
nages, offices,  and  others  above  difponed,  with  the  pertinents  united  and  credfed 
as  faid  is  to  the  faid  James  earl  of  Morton,  and  his  forefaids,  during  the  not~re- 
dem^ption,  of  our  faid  fovereign  lady,  and  her  royal  fucceffors,  in  free  earldom, 
lordfhip,  and   baronie,  wkh  jufticiary,  Ihcrrffffliip,    ftuartrie  and    bailliarie,    and 

foundery, 


8o  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORICAL 

foundery,  and  Iieall  liberties  and  privileges  thereof,  in  few  farm,  fee  and  heritage, 
for  ever,  be  all  right,  meiths  and  marches  thereof,  old  and  divided,  as  the  fame 
lye  in  the  length  and  breadth,  in  hoiifes,  biggings,  mofTes,  muirs,  foreland,  paf- 
to'jrages,  miln,  multers,  knavefhipSj  hunting,  hawking,  filhing,  coal,  coalhoughs, 
cunnings,  cuningars,  doves,  dovecats,  court  plant,  herizeta,  blood  wits,  with  fork- 
fafs,  thole  thurne,  wrack  ware,  infaug  thef,  utfang  thef,  pit  and  gallows,  with  all 
and  lundry  other  privileges,  liberties,  commodities,  eafements,  common  pallurage, 
frceifh,  and  entric,  and  others,  as  well  not  named  as  named,  under  the  earth  as 
above,  well  and  in  peace,  but  any  reverfion,  or  again  calling  whatfomever:  Giving 
therefore  yearly  the  faid  James  earl  of  Morton  and  his  forefaids,  and  his  heirs  male 
whatfomever,  fucceeding  to  him  in  his  honour  and  dignity,  which  failing,  his  heirs 
and  afiignies  whatfomever,  during  the  not  redemption  above  written,  to  our  fovereign 
lady  and  royal  fucceiibrs,  for  all  and  fundry  the  forefaid  earldom,  lordfhip,  baronies, 
illes,  udell  lands,  and  other  lands,  milns,  tiends,  tacks,  patronages,  offices,  and 
others,  above  difponed,  with  the  pertinents,  unite,  and  incorporate,  as  faid  is,  the 
lum  of  6000  pounds  Scots,  at  two  terms  in  the  year,  Whitlunday  and  Martinmas, 
be  equal  portions,  in  name  of  few  farm  duty,  with  the  double  of  the  faid  few 
farm  at  the  entry  of  every  heir  to  the  laid  earldom,  lordfhip,  illes,  and  others 
forefaid,  and  adminillration  of  juftice,  to  all  and  fundry  her  Majelly's  hedges  in  the 
forel'aid  offices  as  accords,  with  the  fum  of  1,600  pounds  to  the  minifters  of  Orkney, 
or  fuch  other  fum  or  fums  as  are  or  Ifiall  be  modified  by  way  of  augmentation  to 
the  faid  minifters,  out  of  the  teinds  above  difponed,  at  the  terms  of  payment  ufed 
and  wont,  together  with  the  hawks  belonging  to  her  Majefty,  and  the  falconers 
fallarles  conform  to  formed  cuflom  ufed  and  wont;  for  all  other  burden,  exaftion, 
quettion,  demand,  or  fectilar  fervices,  which  may  any  way  be  afked  or  required 
furth  of  the  laid  earldom,  lordfhip,  illes,  lands,  offices,  jurildiftions,  tiends,  and 
others  above-mentioned  ;  and  laftly,  her  Majefty  faithfully  promifes  on  the  word  of 
a  princefs,  to  caufe  ratify  thefe  prefents  charter  and  feafon  to  follow  thereupon  in 
the  prefent  or  the  next  felFion  of  this  her  majelly's  current  parliament,  or  any  other 
enfuing  parliament,  for  doeing  whereof,  the  forefaid  charter  fliall  be  a  fufficient 
warrant ;  and  that  the  faid  charter  be  further  extended  in  the  beft  and  moll  ample 
form,  containing  precepts  of  feafin,  and  all  other  claufes ;  and  that  precepts  be 
orderly  diredl  hereupon  in  form,  as  effeirs  given  at  her  Majefty's  court  of  Ken- 
fington,  the  ifl  day  of  February,  1706-7,  and  of  her  Majefty's  reign  the  5th  year, 
*  Ut  fupra  fcribitur  Anne  R.  ;  et  fubfcribitur  (Kieenfberrie,  coramiffioner  ;  Seafield, 
canfeller ;  Montrofe  et  Gallaway,  Forfar;  Glafgow  et  Montgomerie,  Mar.;  S. 
Loudon,  S.  Weems,  Northefk,  Leven,  Cromerty,  James  Murray,  Archi.  Douglas, 
John  Erfkine,  comps,  ten  marks. 


The 


^d^  c) 


P  E  S  C  E  1  r  T  I  O  ZJ   .OF    Z  E  T  L  A  ^1,11. 


8( 


ii.)!iLTi'i;  <•  >-,  '  '    '^'--t  <"j'j>i  ■>! 


•  Aft^i-r*  THATithe  bailie  in  each  pkrifli  conali^  atid'^Afiift  'ip  Clic'aircip!ine  'o.f 
the  kirk  and  execution  tiiereof.  ' 

2.  That  none  mifcarry  or  lay  down  the  crofs  under  che  penalty  of  ten  pounds 
Scots,  tbiiaUs  qiwiious.  ~  . 

3.  That  all  weights  and  nieafiil"es  .b€  yeariy  adju(V6d,  hnarVedj.and  obferved,  con- 
form to  the  feveral  ads  made  there' anent,  under  the  pains  of  ten  pounds, ,ap,4 
doubling  thereof  as  often  as  contravined'.  r" 

4.  That  all  thiggers  of  wool,  corn,  fifh,  and  others,  be  apprehended  wherever 
they  come,  by  any  that  can  find  them,  and  to  put  them  in  firmance,  to  be  punidied 
with  the  (locks  andjoggs;  and  that  none  receive  them  in  their  houfes,  nor  give 
them  hofpitality  or  fervice,  under  the  pairi  of  ten  pounds,  to,  qu.  ^ 

5.  Annent  deflroyihg  of  ravens,  corbies/  &c'. 'in  manner' and  under  '^'le  pains  in 
the  ad:  of  parliament  made  there  anent,    '''  '  "   '-r  "        '         ''  ; 

•■  6.  That  good  neighbourhobd  be  obferved'  and  keeped  by  fitfiovis  and  fufficient 
bigging  of  decks,  and  putting  up  of  grinds  and  paflages,  keeping  and  clofing  the 
fame;  and  that  none  big  up  accu itemed  grinds  or  pafTages  through  towns,  or  any 
way  clofe  up  the  king's  high  rdad,  under  the  pain  of  ten' pounds  -,  that  all  decks  be 
fufficiently  built  before  the  lad  of  March;  fo  as  all  cattle  may  be  kept  without  decks 
from  the  time  that  the  labouring  begins ;  and  whatfoever  perfon  Ihall  wilfully  allow 
their  cattle  to  tread  upon  their  neighbours  ploughed  land  or  meadows,  before  the; 
firlt  of  May,  (hall  pay  for  each  fwine  ten  (hillings,  for  each  flieep  two  (hillings, 
for  each  horfe,  mare,  or  colt  fix  (hillings ;  doubling  the  laid  pains  after  the'firft  of 
May,  befides  payment  of  the  damages ;  and  that  they  pay  forty  (hillings  for  eadi 
winter  fiop  fouid  in  their  decks  after  the  firft:  of  May  :  That  whoever  negledls  to 
clofe  the  grinds,  or  breaks  down,  and  goes  over  decks,  (liall  pay  for  each  time  they 
do  fo  forty  (hillings  Scots,  befides  the  damages;  that  all  within  one  deck  keep  good 
lieighbourhood  to  others,  by  thetering,  hertling,  and  folding,  as  well  by  day  as  by 
night,  and  not  xo  pafture  upon,  or  overlay  others  with  their  cattle,  nor  unlawfully 
hurd  a-nd  drive  upon  others,  under  the  pain  of  forty  (hillings  for  each  fault,  io,  qu, 
belide  damages  i  and  that  none  have  more  fvvine  than  effeiring;  to  their  land  labour- 
ing  ;  and  that  none  have  (wine  pafturing  upon  their  neighbours  land,  meadows,  grals, 
commonalty  and  padurage,  neither  withirt-  or'  without  decks,  that  hath  no  (wine 
pafiuring  upon  them,  and  that  they  keep  their  fwine  upon  their  own  ground  xinder 
the  pain  of  ten  pounds,  by  and  attour  the  damages,  and  that  building,  punding, 
and  hurding,  be  ufed  in  lawful  way  before  pr  a  little  after  fun-fetting,  and  that  none 
fcare,  hurd,  or  brack  up  their  neighbours  punds  and  buills,  under  the  pain  of  ten 
pounds  belide  damages. 

7.  That  none  go  into  other  mens  holms  or  ifles.  under  the  pain  of  ten  pounds 
for  the  firft  fault,  twenty  pounds  for  the  fecond,  and  for  thie  tnird  to  be  "repute 
?.s  thieves,  and  profecute  accordingly;  moreover,  by  acl  tte   jd  of  July, .  16-2  8,, 

M  '  '  'hac 


^2  A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X    T  O    T  H  £  Wl?  t  0  SlC  At 

that  the  faid  penalties  be  exa£led,  and  the  one-half  thereof  to  be  delivered  to  the 
judge,  and  the  other  half  to  the  dilarcrs  or  ownere  of  the  holms. 

8.  That  none  keep  fheep-dogs  but  fuch  as  are  appointed  or  allowed  by  the  flieriff 
or  baillie,  with  the  advice  of  the  fpecial  honeft  men  in  the  parifh,  whofe  names 
are  to  be  recorded  in  the  court  books,  and  each  of  them  to  be  anfwerable  for  their 
aftings ;  and  that  none  run  after  flieep  with  a  dog  unaccompanied,  or  take  in  and 
kill  any  until  firft  (hewing  the  mark  to  a  rancellman,  or  other  honeft  man,  under  the 
pain  of  ten  pounds  Scots  money  for  the  firfl  fault,  befides  payment  of  damages, 
and  doubling  the  faid  pain  for  the  fecond,  and  for  the  third  fault  to  be  a  point  of 
dity,  and  the  contraviners  to  be  holden  and  repute  as  thieves,  and  difcharged  to 
life  or  keep  a  fheep-dog,  in  all  times  coming;  and  that  none  mark  himbs  or  row 
fheep  where  there  is  different  owners  in  the  flock,  but  at  the  light  of  fufEcient 
wiinefes,  under  the  pains  forefaid  ;  moreover,  if  any  perfon  (hall  ufe  a  flieep-dog, 
and  run  therewith  after  his  own  fheep  amongft  thofe  ot  his  neighbours,  unac- 
c  ^mpanied  mark;  row,  or  take  home  any  without  (hewing  the  farne  as  aforefaid, 
fhall  pay  for  the  firft  fault  four  angels ;  for  the  fecond,  fix  angels;  and  for  the  third, 
or  at  any  time  under  the  cloud  of  night,  (hall  be  holden  and  repute  a  common 
thief,  and  puniflied  accordingly. 

9.  That  none  blood,  hurt,  or  mutilate  their  neighbours  nolr,  (heep,  or  horfes, 
under  the  pain  of  ten  pounds  Scots,  befide  payment  of  damages. 

10.  That  all  dogs  in  the  refpedtive  pariQies  be  trycd  yearly  by  the  baillie  or  by 
the  rancellmen,  and  other  honeft  men  in  the  parifhes  -,  and  if  any  be  found  to  have 
dogs  that  take,  or  nr.iy  take  (heep,  who  are  not  allowed  to  keep  fheep-dogs,  (hall 
pay  according  to  the  (onner  aft,  and  the, dogs  fo  found  to  be  hanged,  and  all  run- 
jng  dogs  to  be  difcharged,  under  the  pain  of  forty  (liillings,  to  be  paid  by  the 
owner  of  the  dog,  to.  (ju.  and  the  dog  to  be  hanged. 

11.  That  the  rancellmen  te  yearly  fwocn  and  examined,  or  as  often  as  needful), 
and  give  an  account  tq  rthe  flicriff  or  baili^  anent  their  diligence;  and  that  they' 
fee  all  wool-flcins,'  hca!ds,'  and  marks  whatfomevei-  ;  and  that  they  fee  all  cloths  and 
ftockings  made  of  wool,  and  compare  the  fame  with  the  ftock  of  the  makers;  and 
all  lines  and  tomes  made  of  horfe-hair,  and  keep  accounts  thereof;  and  that  they 
rake  up  inventories  from  Smiths  and  Webilers  of  all  work  wrought  by  them  ;  and 
that  none  refufe  ranceiling,  or  to  give  up  inventories,  or  quarrel,  or  offend  at  ran- 
celling,  under  the  pain  to  be  repute  and  puniflied  as  thieves. 

12.  That  none  fee  or  feduce  another  man's  fervant,  except  they  be  difcharged  of 
their  mailers,  or  that  they  have  difcharged  them  forty  days  before  a  lawful  term;. 
and  that  none  receive  fuch  fervant  who  are  not  freeiof  their  fervice,  nor  give  them 
hofpitality,  nor  entertain  them,  nor  ilit  them  either  by  land  or  fea  ;  nor  are  they 
to  be  received,  nor  entcrtainetl,  though  free,  into  any  other  parifli,  without  a  tefti- 
monial ;  and  that  none  keep  in  their  houfes  idle  women,  vagabonds,  or  houfefolk,, 
nor  let  houfes  to  fuch,  under  the  pain  of  ten  pounds.  So.  qu. 

13.  AiSt,  Auguft,  1630,  ratifying  the  former  atl,  forbidding  any  perfon  to  marry 
and  ftt  up  houfe  who  has  not  forty  pounds  Scots  of  free  gear,  or  foine  lawful 
trade  to  live  bv  :  and  that  none  fet  houle  or  land  to  fuch  perfons  under  the  pain 

uf 


D  E  a  C  R  I  P  T  I  O  N    O  F    Z  E  T  L  A  N  E)A  i^ 

of  ten  pounds  laid  money ;  and  that  none  feduce,  force,  or  tranfport,'''nTjy  other 
nian's  (on,  daughter,  or  fervant,  forth  of  the  country,  under  die  pain  of  one 
hundred  pounds  Scots  money. 

14.  That  none  ride,  labour,  or  ufe,  any  other  man's, horfc  without  liberty  of  the 
owner,  under  the  pains  following,  viz.  without  in  the  parifli  where  the  owner  dwells, 
to  pay  four  marks  to  the  fheritTor  baillie,  and  other  four  marks  to  the  delators  or 
informers;  and  from  one  parifh  to  another  to  double,  trible,  and  quadruple,  the 
forefaid  pain  effierent  to  the  parifhes  he  palTes  through-,  and  that  none  cut  away 
other  man's  horfe-tail  or  main,  under  the  pain  of  ten  pounds ;  moreover,  ^jd  of 
September,  this  adt  ratified,  and  the  contraveners  thereof  the  2d  or  3d  time  to  be 
puniflied  as  thieves.  ■' 

15.  That  none  hide  nor  conceal  any  kind  of  theft,  forcery,  witchcraft,  riots, 
blood,  or  other  injury,  and  prejudices  done,  but  fliall  delate  and  report  the  fame 
to  their  bailie,  as  they  will  efchew  to  be  repute  as  partakers  thereof,  and  puniflied 
according  to  law. 

16.  That  the  bailie  in  each  parifh  take  order  without  the  trying  and  adjufling 
of  bifmers,  with  the  floups,  cans,  and  other  mets  and  meafures,  under  the  pains 
contained  in  the  act  of  parhament;  and  that  a  lifpound  up<in  the  bifmcr  ufcd  for 
receiving  of  rent  butter,  and  other  merchandize  bought  and  fold,  be  28  pound, 
or  one  quarter  of  an  hundred  weight,  allowed  by  law  in  all  grocery  ware  ;  and 
that  the  can  wherein  the  rent  oil  is  meafured,  as  alfo  that  ufed  in  buying  and  felling, 
contain  one  Scots  quart  and  a  mutchkin  of  water,  and  no  more.  That  the  ell  oa 
which  all  coarfe  cloth,  linen,  and  ftuffs  arc  meafured,  be  3  feet  1  inch,  or  37 
Inches  long;  and  that  the  ell  called  the  Webrters  ell  be  3  feet  4  inches,  or  40 
inches  long,  on  which  only  unfcored  cloth  is  meafured. 

:xj.  That  none  row  fheep  ori  Sunday,  under  the- pain  of  ten  pounds. 

18.  That  none  meddle  with  other  mens  goods  or  gear  at  their  own  hand,  under 
pretence  of  alledged  debt,  efpeciaily  the  goods  jn  their  own  keeping,  under  the 
pain  of  ten  pounds  Scots,  befides  reftoring  of- the  goods  with  their  profits. 

19.  That  norie  buy  viiflnal  in  wholefilc,  and  retail  it  at  a  greater  price  before 
publication  of  eight  da;,s  warnings  under  the  pain  of  40  pounds  Scots,  tc.  qu. 

rioi.  That  no  brewer  fell  ale  dearer,  nor  effierent  to  the  price  of  the  malt ;  and 
that  it  be  fufficient  drink  and  meafure,  under  the  pr/m  of  confifcation. 
21;.  That  nonemix  ale, -Beer.,;  or  winfe,  under  the  pain  of  confifcation. 

22.  That  bounds  haveno' moPCi  perfons  in  their  families  than  effierent  to  their 
eflates  and  land  labouring,  and  that  they  put  one  or  more  of  them  to  another 
marter,  that  needs  fervants,  conform  to  the  ancient  form  of  the  country. 

23.  That  none  delv.e  till  take  on  palhire  upon  their  neighbours  land  or  grafsi' 
under  the  pain  of  to  pounds  Scots,  befide  the  payment  of  damages. 

'24.  .That  none  repair  to  feafts  uncalled,  under  the  pain  of  40  Ihillings  Scots^ 

,25,.  That  poinded  goods  be  loofed  whhin  fix  hours  after  advertifement,  and  tile 

fute  fatisiied,  under  the  pain  of  40  fliillings  Scots;  and  being  advertifed,  d-nies' 

the  goods,  ihail  paly  6  pounds  Scots ;  or   if  they  take  them  away  at  their  pwu^ 

hsnd,  ihall  pay  10  pound  Scotsi  :  ^'  lUal  Js  Li:3i  31.j;j»  ba^.^eQiicr;  iX-inh  jwhil  su? 

inua:,  M  2  26.  That 


84  A  ,P  P  E,  N  -D I  X   TO  T  H  E    H  IrS  T  OR  I  C  A  Ll 

26^  That  none  remove  from  land  or  houfes  of  their;  mvo- accord,  or  fliall  de- 
molifh  or  take  away  any  thing  belonging  theref©,  althpugb  furniflaed  by  ihemfelves, 
under  the  pain  of  20  pounds  befiv'e  payment  of  the  dgmage. 

27.  That  all  perfons  have  fufficieni  corn  yard  dykes;  and  that  no  corn  minds 
bq  made  for  corn  eaten  within  corn  yards,  except  whene  more  than  one  is  con- 
cerned in  the  yard  ;  he  that  hath  the  infufficient  deck  n:mft  pay  die  other's  damage; 
aS;^lfo  for  all  nnarks  the  owner  whereof  raufl  pay  the  damage*  •      ■  ; 

"28.  That  none  Hbb  any  beaftupon  Sunday,  uudSsir  •^be:pain:ofiiQ  pounds 'Scots. 

29.  That  all  blocds  and  riots  be  afhthed  according  to  judice.  :  ' 

3,0.  That  all  briggs  and  common  paflages  be  kepc  in  repair  by  the  perfons  u  fed 
to  repau' them,  under  the  pain  of   10  pounds. 

,31.  Tli?.t  !Eone  ufc  ftaff  bifiners,,  laoi!  any  other^  ifaye-  fuch  as  are  adjufted  and 
piatl>^cljo  bi^y  ancj  fell  oPj  vinder  the  paiiB  of.  a-o.poynds  Scoijs. 
';  .^z^jThfli; , every,  ,£5&{%J4ii^*?^  fufficient;p;«ind-,  yiidef.tjle  pain  of  10  pound  Scots. 

33.  That  none  ufe  mufel  bai'r,  or  other  bait,  but  fuch  as  all  01;  the  mofl  part  of 
the  fife ers  .have,  under  the  pain  of  10  pounds ;  .and  that  none  flfli  with  haddock 
]5ne5,,wjthin  vocs,  from  Belton  to  Marls,  OH  fp  long;  as,  they  can  draw  hadocks  on 
Band  lin,es,  under  the  like  pain  of  lopoitnds  Scots.j;  awd  that  none  caike  lb;iit,  noc 
cut.jaAy,  hi  ^Eothjer,  ma.n's  ebb,,  under,  th^e  like  pajn  ofijcpounds. 
'(,,,34,  That  a|Lger.foins  Jjfiijg  iin,Hieighbo,uj;hood,'  .keep  .<!>»deit,  lawj  and.  good  neigh- 
bourhood, in  tilling,  labouring,  and  m'5i;njring  the  'groiipd,  conform  to  the  ancient 
cuftom  formerly  obferved,  under  the  pain  of  12,  pound  Scots,  and  failing  therein, 
to  be  put  from  land  labouring,  and  ordered  to  fervice.     ■:     ■'■ 

35.  That  all  hprfes^  belonging  either  to  ulfcalders  or.  infcalders^  opprefTIng  and 
overlaying  the  neighbourhcod,  be  inftaijitly  re  moved  j : -after  due  advertizemenfi 
given  to  their  oWrnerSj,_,^sd  Rt,  the  kirk  diQPi'^jVlfldei'  the  pain  of  being  confifcal;  and 
efcheat  to  the  king.  .    -.  .  .  -.  ,  .  ,  .:<!  ,1  .     .c 

36.  That  none  contemptuoufly  paftureupbn  puves  fiawes,  cut  flofs,or  eaft  peatSjf 
in  their  neighbours  fcatald,  under,  the.  the  pain  of  10  pounds  Scots,  nor  that  any* 
cut  flofs,  before  Lammas-day,  in  their  own  fcatald,  and  due  advertifing,  the  neigh- 
bours of  the  fcatald,  under  the  pain  of  40  fliilUngs  Scots,  fo.  qu.  and  that  none 
hay^e  mo)ce|fwine  than  four  upon  a  li)Il  of  land  over  Winter,  uuder  the  pain  of  10 
pounds.  .  _  .  .    ,;.,;  :.;,.      .         ' 

37.  That,  none  keep  fear  fheep,  except  it,  be  in:  tile,  holm's  or  niffes,.  dickt  in 
p.roperjy  belonging  to  themfelves,  under  the  paiit  of.  10  pounds  Scots,  and  forfeiture 
of  the  flieep,  after  fix  moathsadvertifement, 

38.  That  none, bring  nor  leather  their  horfes. within  the  duksof  Kirktowns,. under, 
ihe  pain,  of.  40  Ihillings  Scptsf,  for  each  time  they  do,  lo,  .witJidut  libeirty  afked.and 
granted,  ■  i:„:;"--|  '.i'    ■■.'  ■■>■;...      '-  \        ck  •     ■■''     ..  ■  • 

39.  That  the  billaoi^  of  (9a<;Kipkri(b,  Vs'ii:U-vtweh'e:'h;oneft>-nien;  there,  ridq  the 
marches  of  the  parifh,  betvyi^vC  th.4  ifl:  of  Gcftober  and  the  lafl  bf  April,  yearly, 
or  when  required  thereunto  by  the  Scatalders,  under  the.  pain  of  40  pdunds.  "j 

40.  That  each  bifhop  have  the  heal  country.  aiTls  authenrikly  extra<5led  under' 
fhe  fleuari  clerks  hands,  and  caufe'read  at  jeafl  the  abr^viate  thereof  in  their bifhopi 

Jial  .0^  ••  tl  courts 


DESCRIPTION     OF    ZETLAND. 


% 


courts  twice  a  year,  or  once  at  lead,  that  none  may  pretend  ignorance  of  the  fanne 
and  take  true  tryal  oi-  the  breaches  thereof,  and  caufe  poynd  for  the  fame, 
and  that  they  find  caution  for  what  part  thereof  may  be  due  to  the  flierifF,  or 
pror  fifcal  in  hi&  Hame,  and  deliver  the  fame  to  the  Iherilf  at  the  head  court, 
under  the  pain  of  deprivatioo-,  afld  that  eacl*  bifliop  have  an  authentic  court  book, 
wherein  all  their  afls  and  procefs  of  court  (liall  be  written  and  ftt  down,  and  that 
the  fame  be  produced  to  each  clerk  at  the  circuit  courts  kept  in  the  parift,  under 
»he  pain  ot  deprivation. 

,41.  That  none  go  to  fea,  or  l>e  employed  about  fifliing,  from  fun  fet  on  Saturday 
nights  till  after  fun  riling  on  Monday  morning,  nor  travel  by  fea  or  land  about 
their  fecular  affairs  or  buhnefs-,  or  any  other  way  imployed  therein  on  the  Sabath-day, 
except  m  works-o-f  neceffity  and  mcrey,  under  the  pain  of  10  pounds  Scots,  by 
and  attour  the -j>€nal ties  and-  puniflunents  ordained  by  law  againft'  all  fabatk- 
breaiicrsw      :       • 

I'^e  Ferry  Fr aught s  in  Zetland,  on  the  Eaji  Side. 


From  Unft  to  Tedor  — 

Unfl  to  Yeall  over  Blooma  foutid 
Uya  found  to  Piefinh  — 

Uya  found  to  Burravoe  Yell 

Fetlor  to  Rcfirth  — 

Fetlor  to  Burravoe  Yell   '  — 


Burravoe  Yell  to  Burnes,  or  Tofic  — - 

Burravoe  to  Ollaberrie,  to  No-Roo,  the  fame 
Burravoe  to  Mavifgrind  


Ulfta  to  Tofit 

Weft  Sand  wick  to  Ollaberfe,  No-koo  of  Queforth 

Weft  Sandwick  to  Mavifgrind  ^ 

llJo-koo  to  Mavifgrind  — ^^ —  

Oliaberfe  to  Mavifgrind  

Bdrravoe  to  Boatfroum  

Burravoe  to" Luna  — 

Burravoe  to  Simbefter  ^  ■ 

SuUom  to  Scatfla,  2s.  from  Ollaberry  to'Btiriines-; 
Burnefs  Swimfter,  or  Deall,  to  Luhor  "^  '-i^i— 

'  Collafirth  to  Lunna • 

Luna  to  Vidian  ■ 

Luna  to  Whalfay.     Whalfay  Sound,  4  fhillings 

Whalfay  to  Laxvoe,  Bulifter,  or  Neep  

Whalfay  to  Brough  ' 

3 


A  6  oar 

A  4  oar 

boat. 

bo:it. 

Scots, 

Scots. 

10 

6 

4 

z 

I      4 

15 

2     8 

1    10 

12 

8 

I    16 

I     ^. 

18 

iz 

I    10 

I 

2 

I    10 

10 

6 

J  8 

IZ 

I    16 

I     4 

1    16 

I     4- 

I      4 

16 

18 

12 

1      6 

iB 

I    16 

I    A 

J5 

10 

15 

10 

12 

8 

6 

4 

12 

8 

12 

S 

18 

12 

From 

H 


APPENDIX    r  O    THE    HISTORICAL 


From  Whalfay  to  Lerwick  

Vafl'ay  to  Lerwick  

Catfinh  to  Lerwick  — 

Vaffay  or  Catfirth  to  Laxfirth  — 

The  common  fare  over  BralTay  Sound,  is 
Laxfiith  to  Lerwick  — 

Brewick,  or  Cold  Clift,  to  Lerwick 
Lerwick  to  Qiiarf  —  — 

Lerwick  to  Ochraquoy  — 

Lerwick  to  Aith  —  — 

Lerwick  to  Sands  Aire  — 

Lerwick  to  Dunrofl'nefs  — 

Cuningfburgh  to  Sands  Aire  — . 

Llofewick  to  LevenM'ick.  — 


On  the  Wefl  Side. 


From  Spgga  to  Houfs 

iloufs  to  Scallaway 
liigtown  to  Houfs 
Mawick  to  Houfs  - — 

Quart"  to  Scallaway  — 

Scallaway  to  Udanefs 
Scallaway  to  Sand,  or  Rewick 
Scallaway  to  Bixfeter  — 

Scallaway  to  Valay  — 

Sarlavoe,  or  Gruten  to  Valay 

Valay  to  Papaftour  

Papa  Sound 


Papa  to  Eftianefs,  or,  Helwick           _:r:- —         — 

Papa  to  Nounfburgh,  or  Scatcr                    . •  • — 

Papa  to  Bufta                    . — 

BulU  to  Hilfwick,  and  from  Hilfwick  to  Marruend  — 

Hilfwick  to  Hamer,   4  fliillings,  to  Guncfter,   6  p.  — 

Bulla  to  Olnafirth,  Gonfirth,  or  Papa  Little          — 

Bufta  to  Aitli,  or  Brinafjter             —               —  — 

Butla  to  Sandnefs.                 ■ —             —              —  — 

The  land  fares  in  Zcrland  is,  for  horfe-hire,  one  fliilling  Scots, 
fomcthing  to  the  boy  ;  for  a  poll  with  a  letter  one  fliilling,  faid  money 
■or  for  carrying  any  light  burden  the  fame. 


A  6  car 

A  4  oar 

boat. 

boatt 

Scots. 

Scot?. 

I    16 

I     4 

t8 

14 

I 

14 

9 

6 

2 

I 

14 

15 

la 

15 

10 

I 

15 

1     4 

18 

I    10 

I  .4 

2    10 

2.0:  J 

1 

J 

2 

A  6  oar 

A  4  oar 

boat. 

boat. 

Scots, 

Scots, 

1    10 

I     4 

10 

6 

I      4 

18 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

18 

12 

1     4 

18 

z 

I    10 

15 

10 

I      4 

18 

8 

6 

i     4 

18 

18 

12 

I    16 

I     4 

I     4 

18 

10 

6 

18 

12 

I    10 

»     4 

the  mil 

e,  and 

,  per  mi 

le  our. 

Country 


DESCRIPTION    OF    ZETLAND.  tj 

Country  Aci  anejit  Parochial  Schools. 

AT  Lerwick,  the  14th  of  November,  1714,  anent  propofals  for  erefting  paro- 
chial fchools  in  Zetland,  in  prefence  of  Thomas  GifFord  of  Buda,  (tuart  and  jufticiar 
depute  of  Zetland,  fitting  in  judgement,  the  whole  heritors  in  Zetland  prefent 
by  themfelves  or  their  proxies,  of  which  propofals  the  tenor  follows  in  thefe  wordii : 
.Propofals  unto  the  gentlemen  heritors  of  Zetland,  anent  fettling  parochial  fchools 
there,  as  law  provides.  As  it  is  not  unknown  to  any  of  you,  that  there  is  no 
legal  fchool  fettled  in  any  parifli  of  this  country,  fo  there  is  none  can  pretend 
ignorance  of  the  laws  and  afts  of  parliament  made  thereanent,  vvhcrcbv  it  is  or- 
dered and  flriclly  obferved  throughout  the  whole  kingdom  of  Scotland,  that  a 
legal  fchool  be  erefled  in  each  parilh  thereof,  as  particularly  by  aci  W.  par,  I. 
fef.  6th.  cha.  26.  ratifying  all  former  afts  anent  fchools  and  fchoohnaflers,  by 
which  aft  the  heritors  of  each  parilh  are  obliged  to  fettle  a  fund  for  maintainint?- 
a  fchool  not  under  100  marks  Scots  money  yearly,  nor  exceeding  200  marks,  faid 
money  ;  and  although  that  good  and  neceifary  law  hath  not  yet  obtained  in  this 
country,  yet  certainly  we  are  no  lefs  bound  to  the  obfervation  thereof  than  any- 
other  place  within  the  faid  kingdom,  nor  can  the  fame  be  fuppofed  lefs  neceifary 
here  than  any  where  elfe  ;  nay,  it  is  plainly  obvious  to  any  thinking  perfon,  that 
the  grofs  ignorance  and  immorality  that  doth  every  where  abound  here,  is  chieflv 
if  not  folely,  owing  to  the  want  of  that  early  education  and  inflruflion  of  children, 
not  only  in  the  knowledge  of  letters,  but  alio  in  the  principles  of  our  holy  religion, 
which  a  fchool  in  each  parifh  would  in  a  great  meafure  fupply  ;  and  to  infilf  upon 
the  ufefulnefs  and  neceflity  of  fuch  parochial  fchools  were  fupcrfluous,  feeing  it  is 
not  prefumable  that  any  gcoJ  man  will  either  difpute  that,  or  refule  to  contribute 
his  utmoft  reafonable  eiidcavours  to  propagate  a  work  fo  pious  and  beneficial  to 
the  country,  for  in  whatever  parifli  a  legal  fchool  is  once  fettled,  befide  the  benefit' 
of  that  fchool  i  if  the  parifh  is  difcontiguous  fo  as  one  fchool  cannot  ferve  the 
whole  parifh,  they  are,  upon  a  right  reprefentaiion  thereof,  intitled  to  a  fchool 
from  the  fociety  for  propagating  of  Chrillian  Knowledge,  whereas  the  parifli  where 
no  legal  fchool  is  fettled  hjs  no  title  thereunto.  Now  the  grand  objedtion  againfl 
erefting  thefe  legal  fchools  in  this  country  is,  that  the  heritage,  or  land  rent,  in 
raofl:  parllhes  here,  is  fo  inconfiderable,  that  the  fmall  heritors  are  not  able  to 
fupport  the  charge  thereof;  for  obviating  of  which  difficulty,  although  it  cannot, 
be  denied  but  the  charge  thereof  will  be  a  greater  burden  upon  the  fmall  heritors 
of  Zetland,  than  upon  moft  places  in  Scotland,  yet  confidering  the  great  benefit 
that  may  thereby  arife  to  the  poor  inhabitants,  it  can  be  demonftrate  if  the  heritors 
are  willing  and  unanimous,  there  is  not  a  parifh  in  Zetland  but  can  afford  one 
hundred  marks  yearly,  without  any  great  burden  upon  the  heritors,  accordipg  to. 
this  method,  that  feeing  there  is  no  certain  valuation  of  land-rent  here,  let  that  fund 
for  the  fchool  be  laid  on  in  the  fame  manner  the  cefs  is  upon  the  marks  of  land,^. 
and  the  tenants  to  be  the  firft  advancers  thereof,  and  the  one  half  of  what  they" 
adyance  to  be  allowed  them  out  of  the  land  rentj  and  thus,  there  are  fomc  pariflies  ia 

Zetland. 


SJ  A  LM'  I.  N  plX   JO    T  H  E    II I^  T  0  R  I  CA^ 

Zetland  that  by  an  impofition  of  one  niilling  Scots  upon  the  marklaiid  will  amount 
to  upwards  of  io'->' j^omrjis'"  Scots. ;  other  parts  there  are -that  at  the  rate  of  one 
shilling  and  lix  peticc  laid  money  will  fiirlie  amount  to  loo  marks,  fo  that  it  can  be 
left  to  the  difcretiunof  th«  heritors  in  each  parilli,  to  proportioo  .  it  upoii  the  Ijand 
a'a 'they  fhall  fie  caufe,  the  quota  not  being  under  loo  marks  yearly;  and  this 
bc-ing  agreeable  to  the  method  propofed  in  the  aft  of  parliameni'.  and  commou 
pra^ice  throughout  the  kingdom,  it  is  expcflcd  it  will  take  the  better  in  this  place, 
or  if  .any  beitcr  method  can  be  offered  by  any  perfon  or  perfons  for  efleftuating  of 
this' pious' and  neceffai-y  defign,  let  the  fame  be  produced  to  be  confiJe;ed  of  by  all 
-■the  geiVtlemen  concerned,  or  any  other  needful  amendments,  and  the  fund  being 
o'nce  fettled,  tlie  direction  thereof  to  be  left  to  the  heritors,  minifter,  and  kirk  feffion 
in  each  parifh,  to  be  improven  to  the  beft  advantage  for  promoting  the  end 
thereby  defigned.     T.  G. 

X^ernick,  November  13th,  1724,  the  above  propofals  were  read  in  open  court., 
the  whole  heritors  prefent,  who  took  the  fame  to  advifeand  on  till  io-morrow  at 
ten  of  the  clock  in  the  forenoon,  being,  the  14th  day  of  the  faid  month,  the  faid 
day  the  heritors  under  fabfcribing  having  deliberately  conGdeied  the  above  pro- 
pofals, dTd  unanimoufly  go  in  thereunto,  upon  the  conditions  and  under  the  re- 
ilrifiions  following;  viz.  'that  the  fund  above  propofed  be  levied  out  of  thofe 
lands  commonly  called  King's  Land,  as  well  as  the  Udell  land,  by  an  equal  pro- 
portion upon  the  marks  of  land  ;  and,  adly,  that  the  faid  fund  fliould  be  under  the 
direc^iCn  of  the  heritors  -,  and  alfo  the  nomination  of  the  fchoohnatler,  and  feat  of 
the  fchool  In  the  refpedive  pariflies,  fliall  be,  with  the  fpecial  advice  and  confent 
of  the  heritors  ;  and  in  cafe  of  any  fchoolmafter  being  placed  in  any  parilli  without 
confent  forefaid,  the  heritors  to  be  liberate  from  the  payment  of  the  fund  above 
propofed;  the  heritors  alfo  having  power  to  prefent  a  fit  perfon  for  collecting  of 
the  faid  fuqd  as  proportioned  upon  the  land  by  them  in  each  parifh ;  and  in  teilU- 
rnony  whereof  they  did  fubfcribe  the  fame  with  their  hands,  and  craved  an  ad:  of^ 
coiirt  thereupon  ;  and  that  extracfs  thereof  fliould  be  tranfmitted  to  the  feveral 
baillies  and  principal  heritors  in  each  minifliie;  fubfcribed  by  Robert  Sinclair, 
Laurence  Bruce,  James  Mitchell,  William  Dick,  Magnus  Henderfon,  Andrew 
Scott,  George  Pitcarne,  Robert  Cragie,  Robert  Bruce,  William  Bruce,  Thomas 
Hendrie,  Robert  Sinclair,  Jo'in  Laurence  Stuart,  Heftor  Scot,  James  Dunbar. 

The  Judge  having  feen  and  confidered   the  premifes,  and  finding  the  gentlemen . 
heritors   above-mentioned   had  unanimoufly  gone  into    the   propofals    and   method' 
above  laid   down,  for   raifing  an   annual   fund   in   each  parifli  in  Zetland,  for  the 
imainienance  of  a  fchool  under  the  reilrifiions  forefaid  ;  and  that  the  faid  fund  may 
be  made  elfeclual  in  manner  and  for  the   end  above  propofed,  did  interpofe,  and 
hereby  interpofe  the  authority  of  the  Stuart  Court  of  Zetland  thereto,  and  ordains 
the  fame  to  be  recorded  in  tiie  books  thereof,  and  extrafts  of  the  fame  to  be  tranf- 1 
mitted  to  .the  bailies  .and  principal  heritors  of  each  parifh  ;  and  in  regard  the  right 
hdriourable  the  carl  of  Morton's  concurrence  thereto  is  not  yet  obtained,  that  his 
lotdflllp's  'tenants  may    not   be  diftrcfled  for  payment   of  the  faid  fund  until  his 
confent  be  procured  ;  and  that  for  each  estraCf,  the  clerk  extrador  be  paid  a  crowu- 
(Signed)  T.  G.  extrafled  J.  G. 

'"  A  Com- 


D  ETS-eH  I  P  T  I  O  N    OF    Z  E  T  L  A  N  D.  89 

A  Compend  of  the  Country  Ads  for  directing  the  Ranccll 
Men,  and  Society  for  regulathig  of  Servants,  and  Reformation 
of  Manners,-  with  their  Inrtruilions. 

AT  Burravoe,  the  17th  day  of  November,  1725,  a  circuit  court  holden  by 
Thomas  Gifford,  of  Biifta,  ftuart  and  jurticiar  depute  of  Zetland,  there  were  Jiiveral 
petitions  from  fome  of  the  kirk  fcffions  and  heritors  of  Zetland  prefented  and  read 
in  open  courr,  containing  in  lubltance  tlie  loUowing  words  : 

That'^mongfl:  many,  the  grofs  fins  and  immoialities  which  abound  in  Zetland, 
that  of  lervants,  unfaithfiijncfs,  neg!ig;encs,  antl  dilobedience  to  their  mailers,  is 
none  of  the  lealt  common,  together  with  fabbach-breakiiig,  curfing,  (wearing,  igno- 
rance, irreligion,  Healing,  lying,  adultery,  fornication,  malice,  envy,  covetoulnels, 
drunkcnnefs,  dilbbedience  to  parents,  and  that  abominable  fewds  betwixt  hultand 
and  wife,  turning  even  to  finful  leparation  with  fome,  &c.  are  the  juil  deferving 
caufes  why  a  holy  and  fin-revenging  God  is  juflly  provoked  to  inflid  judgments 
upon  this  place,  if  a  fpeedy  repentance  and  reformation  be  not  let  about  by  all 
perfons  in  their  refpecftive  ftations  and  capacities ;  and  for  the  better  efifeftuating  fuch 
neceffary  reformation,  it  may  not  be  iaipertinent  to  condefcend  upon  fome  of  the 
moll:  obvious  caufes  of  thefe  abounding  abominations  to  be  confidered  of,  and  as 
far  prevented  for  the  future  as  pofTible.  As  firil:,^ignorance  of  God,  and  the  prin- 
ciples of  our  holy  religion,  which  leadeth  many  in'-.o  a  contempt  of  and  flighting  the 
gofpel  and  ordinances  thereof.  2d,  Fulnefs  of  bread  and  plenty,  which  the  Lord 
hath  been  plealed  to  continue  for  fome  time,  fadly  and  finfully  abufed  by  the  gene- 
rality of  the  ingratefuU  receivers  thereof.  3d,  Negligence  and  flacknefs  in  the. 
majcllrate,  the  minifler,  -the  elder,  the  rancelman,  and  mafters  of  families,- in  the 
zealous,  prudent,  and  confcientious  performance  of  their  refpedtive  duties.  4ih. 
Criminal  negled:  of  parents  in. the  education  of  their  children  ;  not  a  few  fuch  un- 
natural parents  there  are,  who  do  nOt  only  flight  the  opportunity  good  providence 
hath  laid  to  their  hands  of  having  their  children  at  leall  taught  to  read  the  holy  fcrip- 
tures,  but  a!fo  are  at  no  pains  to  have  them  trained  up  in  the  knowlege  of  our  holy 
religion,  nor  to  acquaint  them  with  that  honeft  labour  and  induilry  which  might 
put  them  in  a  capacity  to  earn  their  bread,  when  grown  up,  and  make  them  uleful 
in  the  place  where  they  live,  it  being  rather  the  praflice  of  many  graceiefsi  parents 
by  their  evil  example  to  poidbn  their  children  with  many  vicious  habits,  or  at.  leail 
to  bring  them  up  in  floti)  and.  ignorance,  allowing  them  to  do  what  they  pleafe, 
and  thereby  not  only  ruin^ing  their  children,  but  alio  bringing  themklves  under  the 
guilt  of  perjury.  5th,  The  frequent  marriages  of  fuch  as  have  no  vifible,  ftock 
whereupon  to  iubfilt,  many  ypung  fellows  having.no  fooncr  got  whole  cloatbs,  but 
they  imagine  themfelves  too  genteel  to  Jerve,  and  ht'mg  once,  married  and  fet  up.; 
for  themfelves,  they  can  live  as.they  liil ;  and  thus  many  fgch  are  quickly,  reduced,: 
either  to  extreme  poverty,.,or  .tempted^to  bad  practices,  whereby  alio- a  generation 
01  idle  beggars  is  produced,  and  the  fafliilies  of  honcft  aod  induftrious  people  are  ■ 
..g  -...J  .  .'Mur  reduced 


po  A  iM'  E  N  D  I  X    T'  O    THE     II  I  S  T  O  R  I  C  A  L 

reduced  and  brought  low  for  want  of  fervants.  ThcTcj  and  fuch  like,  being  tlie 
caulcs  of  many  calamities  already  felt,  and  more  yet  feared  by  us;  we  moft  humbly 
beg  the  civil  magillrate  to  take  the  fame  under  his  moft  leribus  confideration,  and 
not  only  to  caufe  the  good  laws  againft  profanenefs  and  immorality  to  be  put  to 
vigorous  executions,  but  alio  to  make  ads  agreeable  thereunto  and  adapted  to  the 
particular  circumftances  of  this  country,  for  fupprefTing  of  fin  and  immorality, 
and  promoting  of  piety  and  virtue,  by  inflid^ing  of  condign  punifliment  upon  all 
wilful  tranfgreffors  of  God's  holy  law,  and  tliereby  proving  indeed  a  terror  to  evil 
doers,  and  for  a  praife  to  thefe  that  do  well. 

The  iaid  fluart  depute,  having  confidered  theforcfaid  petitions  andieprefcntat-ons, 
and  finding  the  defire  thereof  both  reafonable  and  neceiliiry,  is  willing  to 'do  what 
>n  liis  power  for  putting  the  laws  to  due  execution,  conform  to  the  will  anci  tenor 
thereof,  as  far  as  is  competent  to  him  upon  any  juft  and  reg'.ilar  application  made 
to  him  for  that  end.  .  But  it  appears  evident,  that  the  caufe  why  tranfgrei'.brs  of 
the  law,  and  difturbers  of  the  peace  pafs  with  impunity  is  beCriule  elders,  raiicei.^ieii, 
and  matters  of  families,  are  negligent  in  their  duty,  as  having  the  firft  inlpcfticn 
of  and  daily  accefs  to  know  the  lives  and  manners  of  all  pe;ioni  in  their  tam-iies 
and  refpeftive  bounds,  fome  of  them  being  ignorant  of  the  danger  rhey  incur  I /• 
fucji  negleft,  and  others  coniveing  at  the  faults  of  thee  tlu-y  are  either  un.vi:!;i.g 
or  afraid  to  reprove,  or  inform  againft,  foolilhly  imagining  it  fafer  tofin  agamft- 
God  by  their  filence  than  to  offend  their  fellow  creature,  and  tl.ereff>rc  do  riot  only' 
involve  thenifelves  in  the  guilt  of  other  ptople's  fins,  but  alfo  become  guilty  of 
that  heinous  fin  of  perjury  in  afting  perfidioufly  in  the  duties  of  their  ftatii:>n  and 
office;  for  which  caufe,  and  that  fuch  irregularities- may  be  prevented  as  far  as 
poffible  for  the  future,  it  appears  abfolutely  necelTary  that  elders  and  rancelmen 
Ihould  be  ftridtly  enjoyned  by  the  refpeflive  judicatories  of  whom  they  hold  their 
ofHce,  that  they  carefully  and  diligently  perform  the  duties  incumbent  on  them, 
conform  to  the  folemn  oaths  they  have  come  under  fo  to  do,  and  that  under  the 
pain  of  being  profecuted  as  perjured  perfons,  and  punilhed  accordingly  ;  and  for 
making  the  laws  as  intelligible  as  poffible  unto  all  perfons  fo  far  as  relates  to  the 
moft  obvious  immoralities  that  prevail  in  this  place,  the  following  a6ls  and  direc- 
tions are  entered  by  authority  of  the  faid  fluart  court,  and  ordained  to  be  obferved 
as  founded  upon  and  agreeable  to  the  laws  of  this  kingdom,  and  the  old  country 
a<£ts. 

A61  I.  That  no  perfon  or  perfons  within  the  country  of  Zetland  travel  by  fea  or 
land  upon  a  fabbath  day  about  any  fecular  affairs,  nor  ufe  any  work,  bufinefs,  or 
recreation,  laivful  on  other  days,  fave  in  works  of  neceflity  and  mercy,  under  the 
pain  of  four  pounds  Scots  for  the  firft  fault,  and  eight  pounds  faid  money  for  the 
fecond,  befides  fatisfying  the  kirk  for  the  fcandal ;  and  thofe  that  cannot  pay,  to 
be  punilhed  in  their  perfons,  and  if  thereafter  found  guilty,  to  be  proceeded  againft 
as  the  law  direfls,  with  the  utmoft  rigour;  and  that  each  perfon  wilfully  fitting  at 
home  from  the  kirk  on  the  Lord's-day,  or  withdrawing  from  divine  fervice,  who 
can  give  no  good  reafon  for  their  fo  doing,  fhall  pay  for  each  time  twenty  fiiillings 
Scots,  and  fuch  as  cannot  pay  to  be  punifhed  in  their  pertbns ;  one-third  of  thefe 
fines  to  belong  to  the  informer  or  prolccutor,  and  two-thirds  to  the  poor. 

2.  That 


DESCRIPTION    OF     ZETLAND.  9T 

2..Tliat  all  perfons  within  the  parirti  punflually  attend  upon  diets  of  catechifing, 
and  family  vifitation  as  appointed  by  the  minifter,  under  the  pain  of  twenty  ftiiliings 
faid  money,  to  be  paid  by  each  peilbn  ablent  if  fhcy  can  give  no  veilonable  caulc 
for  their  abience,  the  mailer  or  millrefs  of  the  family  being  liable  p-ima  injlanle  tor 
all  perfons  in  the  family,  having  recourfe  againil  the  offenders  ;  one-third  of  the 
fines  to  the  profecutrr,  and  two-thirds  to  the  poor. 

3.  That  each  profane  curfer,  Iwearer,  or  liar,  fliall  pay  for  each  fault  twenty 
(hillings  faid  money  ;  and  if  habitually  found  fo,  to  be  alfo  puniflied  in  their  per- 
fons;  one-third  part  of  the  fine  to  the  informer,  and  two  thirds  to  the  poor. 

^.  That  any  perfon  being  found  to  drink  drunk  fimll  for  the  iirfl:  fault  pay  half 
a  crown,  for  the  lecond  a  crown,  and  if  found  habitually  fo,  to  be  puniflied  in 
their  perlbns,  and  fint'd  as  law  direfts-,  and  whofoever  giveth,  or  felieth  drink  to  luch 
habitual  drinkers,   fliall  alfo  be  liable  to  the  foref»id  fines  and  punifliments. 

5.  I'hat  no  perlbn  fcold  with,  nor  provoke  their  neighbour,  nor  any  orher  per- 
fon  by  abufive  lahgu.ige,  under  the  pain  of  three  pounds  faid  money,  for  the  firil 
fault ;  and  if  found  to  be  habitual  foolds  and  dillurbers  of  the  peace,  to  be  punilhed 
in  their  perfons,  and  fined  at  the  difcretion  of  the  judge,  and  as  provided  by  law. 

6.  That  each  parent  who  wiUuHy  neglefls  to  put  their  children  to  fchool,  when 
conveniently  they  can  do  it,  and  does  not  teach  them  to  read,  Ihall  pay  yearly 
double  the  tax  due  by  him  of  the  Fund  for  maintaining  the  parochial  fchool,  and 
alfo  a  fine  of  three  pounds  faid  m.oney  for  the  ufe  of  the  poor  fchoiars. 

7.  That  every  aiafter  of  a  family  have  all  his  children  and  fervants  inttrufted  irj 
the  principles  of  our  holy  religion,  and  taught  the  fhorter  catechifm,  at  le.Tt  ufe 
his  utnioft  endeavour  for  that  end,  under  ttie  pain  of  three  pounds  faid  monc"-.  ro 
be  paid  by  fuch  who  are  found  negligent  in  that  duty,  for  the  ufe  ot  the  pgoi:  •, 
and  that  matters  impofe  nothing  upon  their  fervants  that  is  cither  unlawful  or  un- 
reafonable,  nor  with-hold  from  them  what  is  their  due,  either  in  meat  or  fee,  con- 
form to  agreement,  and  the  countiy  practice,  under  the  pain  of  three  pounds  faid 
money. 

8.  That  whatfocver  fervant,  male  or  female,  fiiall  wilfully  difobey  their  mailer 
or  milfrefs's  lawfull  commands,  or  give  them  provoking  and  unbecoming  language, 
fliall  in  the  firll.  place  be  liable  to  rebuke,  exhortation,  and  moderate  correction  ; 
and  if  they  notwitbllanding  continue  to  offend,  fnall,  upon  tbefirft  complaint  agamlt 
them  being  proven,  lole  half  a  year's  fee,  and  alio  be  punifiicd  in  their  perfons  as 
their  offence  ihall  be  fountl  to  defervci  and  that  no  fervant  remove  from  their  fer- 
vice,  but  upon  lawful  warning  of  their  mailer  or  miftrefs  half  a  year  before  the 
term  they  defign  to  remove,  and  that  before  a  rancelman,  or  one  of  the  members  of 
fociety  for  regulating  of  fervants,  who  are  to  witnefs  fuch  warning  whenever  re- 
quired thereunto;  and  that  upon  reafonable  grounds  to  be  judged  of  by  the  faid 
fociety,  or  any  three  of  them,  and  that  none  otherways  remove,  unlefs  it  be  with 
the  mutual  confent  of  mailer  and  fervant,  under  the  pain  of  half  a  year's  fee,  beiidcs 
perfonal  punilhment  ;  and  that  no  perfon  receive  nor  entertain  in  their  houfes  any 
fervant  who  fhall  have  contrary  to  this  aci-  gone  away  from  their  mailers,  under-the 
pain  of  half  a  mark,  Scots  money,  foreac!)  night  they  keep  fuch  fervant,  alter  being 

n;  '  2  advertifcd 


92  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORICAL 

ad vei tiled  thereof;  and  that  no  mafter  or  mlftrefs  thruft  out  their  fervant  without 
due  warning  as  above  ;  and  in  cafe  of  a  fervant  becoming  invalid  through  fickncfs, 
old  age,  or  accident,  that  they  care  for,  and  maintain  them  untill  application  be 
made  for  having  fuch  invalid  fettled  upon  the  public  charge  of  the  parifh,  as  is 
ufual  in  fuch  cafe,  and  the  fame  obtained  under  the  pain  of  three  pounds  faid 
money,  bcfides  damages  to  the  fervant  fo  thruft  out,  as  the  baillie  fhali  fee 
reafonable. 

9.  That  none  prai^.ife  upon,  or  intice  another  man's  fervant ;  nor  fee  a  fervant, 
but  at  the  fight  and  in  the  prelentc  -of  a  ranccllman,  or  one  of  the  members  ot 
fociety,  who  can  vouch  tITe.fervant's  being  free  to  fee,  under  the  pain  of  three  pounds 
Scots,  to  be  paid  by  the  intifer  or  feer,  and  forty  (hillings  fnid  money  by  the  feed, 
befidcs  lofmg  the  fervant. 

10.  That  none  keep  more  fervants  or  working  people  in  their  families  than  v-hat 
they  have  abfolute  occafion  for,  while  others  want  fervants;  but  that  the  locicty  for 
regulating  of  fervants  appoint  them  to  part  with  fuch  as  they  fee  needful,  for 
lupply  of  fuch  as  want,  under  the  pain  of  half  a  mark  for  each  night  they  keep 
the  fervant  appointed,   befides  damages  to  the  perlons  to  v.hom  they  are  appointed. 

XI.  That  in  fuch  families  where  they  have  no  fervants  but  thtir  own  children, 
that  fome  of  thofe  children  be  appointed  to  other  fervict,  and  if  neec  be,  appoint 
them  a  fervant  in  place  of  the  child  or  children  remc\^ed,  fo  as  there  w:.y  beat 
ieafl-  one  fervant  in  the  family,  befides  the  children,  under  the  pain  of  half  a  mark 
each  niglit  the  perfon  appointed  is  kept  back. 

12.  That  none  entertain  in  their  families  idle  perfons  that  are  capable  to  work, 
nor  fuch  as  are  called  houfe-folk  ;  but  that  the  faid  fociety  appoint  them  to  fervice, 
under  the  pain  of  half  a  mark  for  each  night,  to  be  paid  by  the  perfon  who  keeps 
them  after  fuch  appointment. 

I  J.  That  none  keep  fear  (heep,  fave  in  holms,  under  the  pain  of  ten  pounds. 

14.  That  none  conceal  their  tythes  of  any  fort,  under  the  pain  of  ten  pounds 
Scots  m.oney. 

15.  That  none  keep  unjuft  weights  and  meafures  to  buy  and  fell  upon,  under 
the  pain  of  ten  pounds  faid  money. 

,  16.  That  all  the  poor  people  incapable  to  work  for  their  bre^d,  and  having  no 
children  capable  to  maintain  them,  be  quartered  in  the  parifh  for  maintenance,  and 
that  they  have  money  out  of  the  poor's  box  for  buying  of  clothes,  and  that  none  of 
them  be  allowed  to  go  out  of  the  refpeiftive  quarters  to  which  they  are  appointed  ; 
and  when  they  die,  that  thev  have  a  chid  and  winding  flieet,  out  of  the  poors  box, 
and  that  no  houfehoider  refufe  to  receive  the  poor  appointed  to  him  in  his  turn,  under 
the  pain  of  forty  fhiliings,  fiid  money. 

17.  That  none  be  allowed  to  marry,  who  has  not  forty  pounds  Scots  of  free 
gear  to  let  up  houfe  upon,  or  fome  lawfull  trade  whereby  to  fubfill,  nor  fuch  as 
cannot  read,  and  is  fomeway  capable  to  demean  himfelf  as  a  Chriftian  mafler  of  a 
family;  and  that  the  forefaid  fociety  inquire  thereunto,  and  fuffer  none  otherways 
10  marry. 

iS.  That 


DESCRIPTION     OF     ZETLAND. 


93 


iS.  Thar  no  mafter  of  a  family  entertain  in  his  fervice  any  fervant  belonging  to 
another  parilli  three  months,  without  a  teftimonial  from  the  parifh  where  he  was 
born,  under  the  pain  of  three  pound';,  faid  money,  and  lofing  ihe  fervant;  and 
that  no  fervant  remove  from  one  parifh  to  fcrve  in  another,  untill  firft  making  ap- 
plication to  the  fociety  for  regulating  of  fervants,  who  not  finding  fuch  fervimt  as 
good  encouragement  as  they  can  have  tirevhcre,  then  they  are  to  recommend  them  to 
the  felfion  for  a  teftimonial,  and  then  they  arc  free  to  fcrve  in  any  panfh  rhey  pltafe, 
providing  fuch  fervant  bring  fecurities  from  the  baillie  or  kirk  Icfllon  of  the  parifli 
where  they  are  to  fettle,  that  in  cale  they  fhall  through  old  age,  ficknefs,  or  acci- 
dent, be  rendered  incapable  to  fcrve,  that  they  ftiaJl  be  maintained  at  the  charge 
of  that  parifli;  and  not  be  returned  back  to  the  parifh  where  they  were  born  when 
unable  to  do  any  thing  for  themfelves,  as  has  been  the  crmmon  pri?ftice  ;  and  if 
no  fuch  fecurity  be  given,  that  fuch  fervant  be  charged  to  return  to  the  parifli 
where  they  were  born  within  three  months  after  their  departure,  under  the  pain 
of  ten  pounds  Scots,  to  be  paid  by  the  mafler  of  fuch  fervant,  and  fix  pounds,  faid 
money,  by  the  fervant,  befidcs  pcrfonal   punifhm.ent  in  cafe  of  refufal. 

19.  That  the  fociety  for  regulating  of  fervants  appoint  them  reafonsble  fees 
according  as  they  deferve,  and  is  common  in  the  country  ;  and  that  no  fervent  be 
compelled  to  ferve  any  mafter  who  does  not  give  them  meat  and  fee  duly  and 
feafonably,  conform  to  agreement. 

20.  That  no  perfons  within  the  parifh,  on  the  fabbath-day,  bring  their  horfes 
within  the  dicks  of  the  kirk  town,  nor  teather  them  there,  without  liberty  granted 
by  the  proprietor,  or  tenant,  under  the  pain  of  forty  fliillings  Scots,  for  earh  time. 

21.  That  no  pcrfon  within  the  parilh  fell  old  corn  over  year,  and  rcfufe  to  affift 
his  neighbour-s  in  labouring  time  with  feed  and  fodder,  they  paying  him  the  higheft 
price  therefore  that  goes  in  the  country,  under  the  pains  of  ten  pounds. 

22.  That  no  perfon  bring  any  butter  for  payment  of  land-rent,  or  otherways  to 
be  fold,  but  fuch  as  is  clean  from  hair?,- bland,  and  other  dirt,  and  liifiiciently  faked, 
under  the  pain  of  forty  fliillings  Scots,  for  each  infuflicient  parcel  prefented  ; 
and  for  the  firft  fault,  the  infufficient  butter  to  be  returned  to  the  owner;  and  for 
the  fecond,  the  butter  to  be  forfault  for  the  ufe  of  the  poor  of  the  parifli. 

23.  That  no  perlons  prefent  fifti-oil  for  payment  of  any  rent,  or  for  fale,  but  fuch 
as  is  fufFicicntly  boiled  thin,  free  of  drag,  and  all  other  mixture,  under  the  pain  of 
forty  fliillings  for  each  infufficient  parcel  thereof  prefented  ;  and  that  law  right  men 
be  appointed  for  receiving  the  butter  and  oil,  conform  to  the  old  country  ad'. 

24.  That  all  coarfe  flockings  for  fale  be  made  of  double  yarn  fufficiently  walked, 
under  the  pains  contained  in  the  ads  there  anent  made. 

25.  For  encouragement  of  fifliing,  upon  which  the  general  benefit  of  the  country 
very  much  depends,  that  every  houieholder  who  is  notafiflier,  and  having  fervants 
or  fons  capable  to  go  to  fea,  be  allowed  to  go  with  any  fiflier  that  wants  them,  for 
reafonable  fees,  the  months  of  May,  June,  and  July,  the  one-half  of  which  fee  fo 
earned  to  belong  to  the  mafter,  and  the  other  half  to  the  fervant,  befide  his  whole 
ordinary  fee  ;  and  that  the  fociety  for  regulating  of  fervants  appoint  reafonable  fee? 
for  all  fervants  both  for  land  and  fea  fervice,  fo  as  mafters  msy   not  be  icnpolcd 

upon, 


54  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORICAL 

upon,  nor  fervants  defrauded  of  what  is    their  due ;  and  that  both  mafters  and 
fervants  obferve  the  faid  appointment,  under  the  pnin  of  three  pounds  Scots  money. 

26.   Anent  making  of  rancelmen,  and  their  inftruftions. 

In  a  biillie  court,  lawfully  fenieci,  the  whole  houleholders  in  the  parifli  being 
prefent,  the  bailie  is  to  caufe  his  clerk  to  read  out  a  lilt  of  fuch  honeff  men  in  the 
parifli  as  are  fit  to  be  rancelmen,  and  then  he  is  to  enquire  each  of  them,  if  they 
are  willing  to  accept  of  the  office  of  rancelmen,  and  it  any  of  them  refufe,  and 
can  give  no  good  rcafon  for  his  reful'il  to  accept,  the  baillie  may  fine  him  in  ten 
pounds  Scots;  and  thofe  that  accept,  ihe  baillie  is  to  enquire  of  the  whole  houfe- 
holders  prefent,  if  they  have  ought  to  objedl  againlt  either  of  thefe  men,  why  they 
may  not  be  made  rancelmen,  and  no  objedion  being  made,  then  the  following  in- 
ftruftions  are  to  be  read  to  them  : 

I.  Vou  are  at  any  time,  night  or  day  you  fee  needfull,  to  call  for  afTiflance,  and 
to  enter  wi  hin  any  houfe  within  the  parifli,  and  fearch  the  fame  as  narrowly  p-s  you 
can;  and  upon  any  fufpicion  of  theft,  if  they  refufe  you  keys,  you  are  to  break  open 
their  doors  or  chcfis,  and  if  you  find  any  thing  that  is  ftolcn,  you  are  to  bring  the 
thief  and  the  fang  to  the  b.iillie,  or  fecure  both,  and  acquaint  the  baillie;  if  you 
have  any  fcruple^bout  any  thing  you  find  in  the  houfe,  you  are  to  enquire  how 
they  came  by  it,  and  if  they  refufe  to  tell,  take  witnefs  upon  their  refufal,  and  let 
the  thing  be  fecured  till  you  acquaint  the  baillie;  you  are  alfo  to  exam.ine  the  houfe- 
ilores  ot  fledi  and  meaic,  and  fee  if  they  be  correlpondent  to  their  ftot  ks,  and  like- 
uife  the  wool,  yarn,  webs,  (lockings,  &c.  and  enquire  how  they  came  by  all  thefe, 
and  if  they  cannot  give  a  fatisfadory  account  thereof,  and  brough  and  hamele,  you 
are  to  inform  againft  them. 

■  II.  You  are  to  enquire  into  the  lives  and  converfations  of  families,  whether 
there  is  any  difcord  or  unbecoming  carriage  betwixt  hufband  and  wife,  parent  and 
child,  mailer  and  fervant,  or  any  other  unchrKlian  or  unlawful  pra61ice  in  the 
family  :  you  are  to  rebuke  fuch  and  exhort  them  to  amend  ;  and  if  they  obey  it  is 
well-,  if  not,  you  ore  faithfully  to  reprcfent  fuch  to  the  judicatory  competent,  and 
bring  the  bed  evidence  you  can  againil  all  fuch  offenders. 

III.  You  are  to  prefent  all  quarrels  and  fcoldingas  far  as  In  your  power,  by  com- 
mandmg  the  contending  parties  to  the  peace,  and  if  they  perfifl,  require  witr.efs 
aoaind  them,  and  call  for  afiiflance  to  feparatc  tiiem,  and  give  in  a  faithfuU  report 
thereof  to  the  fifcal,  or  clerk  of  court;  and  in  cafe  you  are  not  witnefs  to  any  fcoid- 
ino-  or  quarreling  that  happens,  you  are  to  gaiher  the  bell  information  thereof  you 
can,  and  make  report  of  the  fame  as  atorelaid. 

IV.  If  you  hear  any  perfon  curfing  or  fwearing,  you  are  to  demand  of  them  the 
fine;  and  if  they  refufe  to  pay  it,  you  are  to  require  witnefs  aguinlt  and  report  it 
to  the  court,  one  third  of  which  fine  ii  to  yourlclf,  and  two  thirds  to  the  poor. 

V.  That  you  narrowly  enquire  into  your  neighbourhood  who  fits  at  home  from 
the  kirk  on  the  fabbathday,  and  from  diets  of  catechifing;  and  if  they  can  give 
no  fufficient  reafon  for  their  fo  doing,  that  you  caufe  them  to  pay  the  fine,  to  be 
applied  as  aforefaid  ;  and  that  you  take  particular  notice   in  your  neighbourhood 

anent 


DESCRIPTION     OF    Z  E  T  1,  A  N  D. 


95 


fiDcnt  keeping  the  fabbath-day,  and  if  you  find  any  breach  thereof,  that  you  reporc 
the  fame. 

VI.  You  are  fliiflly  to  obferve  the  country  afts  anent  keeping  good  neighbour- 
hood, fuch.  as  that  none  injure  others  in  their  grafs  and  corn,  and  rebuke  the 
offenders,  with  certification  if  they  continue  fo  to  do  you  will  -inform  the  court 
againft  them  ;  and  that  they  build  their  dicks  fufficiently  and  timeoufly  under  the 
pains  contained  in  the  adt. 

VII.  That  tenants  do  not  abufe  their  lands  nor  demolifh  their  houfes  through 
floth  and  careleffnefs  ;  that  you  reprove  fuch,  and  if  they  continue  fo  to  do,  ac» 
quaint  the  land  mafier. 

VIII.  You  are  to  enquire  if  there  is  in  your  neighbourhood  any  idle  vagrant 
perfon,  and  to  acquaint  luch,  that  they  muft  either  betake  themfelves  to'fome  honcll 
employment,  or  you  will  inform  againft  them,  fo  as  they  may  be  puniflied  and  or- 
dered to  fervice;  and  that  the  poor  be  taken  care  of  in  their  refpedive  quarters, 
and  not  fuftered  to  ftray  abroad  ;  nor  are  you  to  allow  any  beggar  or  ibisger  from 
any  other  parifli  to  pafs  through  your  bounds ;  and,  if  they  offer  fo  to  do^  you  will 
fecure  them  till  they  be  punifhed,  conform  to  the  country  a6t. 

IX.  That  you  try  all  the  dogs  in  your  quarter,  and  that  none  be  allowed  to 
keep  a  dog  that  can  take  a  fheep,  unlefs  he  is  allowed  to  keep  a  Iheep-ddg  by  the 
baillie  ;  and  that  none  keep  tear  fheep  otherways,  nor  in  the  aft,  and  that  the  acts 
be  obferved  anent  punding,  hounding,  marking  and  taking  of  fheep. 

X.  You  are  to  enquire  in  your  quarter  anent  all  perfons  ufing  any  manner  of 
witchcraft,  charms,  or  any  other  abominable  and  devilifh  fuperftitions,  and  faith- 
fully i.-jform  againft  fuch  fo  as  they  may  be  brought  to  condign  punifliment. 

XL  You  are  to  examine  all  tradefmen  in  your  bounds,  and  fee  that  they  make 
fufficiert  work,  and  do  not  impofe  upon  any  in  their  prices;  and  if  you  find  any 
fuch  tranfgrelTors,  that  you  inform  againft  them,  foas  they  may  be  punifhed  as  the 
law  direfts. 

XII.  Upon  any  fufpicion  of  theft,  two  or  three  rancclmen  may  take  as  many 
witnefTes  with  them,  and  go  to  the  neighbour  parifh  and  ranccll,  and  if  they  catch 
a  thief,  they  are  to  acquaint  the  Baillie  of  that  parifh  thereof,  who  will  order  the 
thief  to  be  fecured. 

And  in  the  laft  place,  as  you  are  intrufled  with  a  power  of  infpeding  the  lives 
and  manners  of  others,  fo  let  your  own  good  life  and  conveifation  be  cxemjilary 
unto  them  for  good,  and  take  care  you  are  not  found  guilty  of  thofe  faults  your- 
felves,  that  you  are  called  to  reprove  in  others,  for  if  ye  fhould,  your  punifnment 
fhall  be  double  to  theirs  ;  now  all  thefe  inftruflions,  as  far  as  it  is  in  your  power, 
you  promife  and  fwear  folemnly  in  the  fight  of  Almighty  God,  and  as  you  fliall 
anfwer  to  him  at  the  great  day,  faithfully  and  honefHy  to  obferve  and  perform. 

A£l  27.  That  no  perfon  any  way  impede,  maltreat,  or  abufe  a  rancelman  in  the 

full  and  free  exercife  of  his  office,  under  the  pain  of  ten  pounds  Scots  money,  befide 

perfonal  punilhment,  and  a  greater  fine  as  the  offence  given  fliall  be  found  todeferve; 

4  and 


96  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORICAL 

and  that  none  refufe  to  aid  and   alTilT:  a  rancelman  in  the  execution  of  his  office 
when  required  thereunto,  under  the  hke  pain  of  ten  pound  money  forefaid. 

Coramiflion    and  Inftruflions  to  the  Society    for   regulating  of 
Servants  and  Reformation  of  Manners. 

IN  a  baillie  court,  the  whole  houfe-holders  in  the  parifli  being  prefent,  a  lift  of 
the  moft  intelligent  honeft  men  in  the  parifh  whom  the  baillie  dehgns  to  erect  into 
a  fociety,  being  read,  and  they  anUvering  to  their  names,' the  following  inftruftions 
being  read  to  them  ;  the  baUlie  inquires  at  e.ich  of  them,  if  they  are  willing  to 
accept  of  and  enter  into  that  focietv,  which  if  they  accept,  then  the  baillie  aikcth 
the  whole  houfe-holders  prefenr,  if  they  have  ought  to  objeft  againll:  either  of  ihefe 
men,  why  they  fliould  not  be  admitted  as  members  of  that  fociety  ;  and  if  no  ob- 
jeiflion  is  offered,  and  they  being  all  ionnerly  elders,  or  rancelmen,  they  are  judi- 
cially fworn  and  admitted : 

1.  You  are  as  often  as  you  fee  caufe,  in  a  civil  and  difcreet  manner,  to  infpeft 
all  families  within  the  parilh,  and  at  leaft  twice  in  the  year,  and  to  enquire:;  hovv 
niafters  difcharge  the  duties  incumbent  upon  them  towards  their  children  and  fer- 
vants;  if  children  are  obedient  to  their  parents,  and  if  fervants  are  honeft,  obedient, 
and  traftable  to  their  matters  ;  and  if  either  are  deficient,  ypu  are  to  exhort  them 
to  amend  under  the  pains  contained  in  the  a£t  there  anent.;  and  if  thereafter  they 
perlifl  in  any  irregularity,  that  you  inform  againft  them,-fo  as  they  may  be  puniftied 
accordingly. 

2.  You  arc  to  enquire  what  working  people  are  in  the  family,  and  conform  to  the 
neceffary  work  they  have  to  do,  and  the  neceffity  of  others;  and  you  are  at  any 
time  to  appoint  fuch  fervants  as  can  be  fpared,  out  of  one  to  go  to  another  family 
that  hath  abfolute  need  of  them  ;  and  the  officer  having  charged  the  fervant  to 
remove  according  to  your  appointment,  under  the  pain  of  half  a  mark,  to  be  paid 
by  the  mailer,  or  any  perfons,  each  night  the  fervant  is  thereafter  kept,  which  you 
have  power  to  firafs  them  for;  as  allo-for  the  fines  of  curfers,  fwearers,  and  vvilfull 
abfenters  from  the  kirk  and  catechifing,  conform  to  the  &Q,  one  half  of  which  lines  go 
to  youifelves,  anil  the  other  half  to  the  poor;  and  that  you  allow  no  idle  perfon 
to  (lay  in  any  family  that  is  capable  to  work  ;  and  that  you  appoint  all  fervants 
fuch  reafonable  fees  as  they  Ihall  deferve,  and  fee  them  duly  paid  thereof,  conform 
to  the  act. 

3.  That  you  hear  all  complaints  betwixt  matters  and  fervants,  and  determine 
betwixt  them,  conform  to  juflice  ;  and  that  you  allow  no  fervanL  to  enter  to  or 
remove  from  fervice  otherways  than  according  to  the  aft  there  anent. 

^.  That  any  three  of  your  number  is  a  quorum  in  determining  in  any  matter 
relating  to  fervants,  conform  to  the  a6ls  there  anent  ;  and  if  any  difficulty  appear, 
you  are  to  confult  the  baillie. 

5.  That  you  fee  the  afts  obferved  in  your  bounds,  anent  putting  of  children 
to  fchool,  and  anent  keeping  the  fabbath-day. 

6.  You 


DESCRIPTION    OF-  ZETLAND. 


97 


6.  You  endeavour  to  fuply  fi(hcrs  with  men,  conform  to  the  aft  thereaoent,  Co 
as  no  honell:  man's  boat  be  fet  alhore  for  want  of  men,  and  tiiat  yoii  appoint 
reafonable  fees  or  hire  for  thofe  that  fervc  at  fea,  and  fee  them  duly  paid  •,  and  that 
if  mafters  maltreat  their  fcrvants,  that  you  order  fuch  fervant  to  thofe  who  wiil  ufe 
them  better. 

7.  That  the  whole  focktjr  meet  twice  in  the  year ;  and  any  member  wil^fLilIy 
abfent  from  that  meeting,  to  be  fined  iti  twenty  (liiliings  Scots -,  at  which  general 
meetings  you  are  to  common  upon  all  the  irregularities  in  fhe  parifh,  and  of  what 
has  been  done  by  each  of  you  in  his  bounds  for  preventing  of  immorality,  and 
promoting  virtue,  and  of  what  may  be  further  neceffary  for  that  end  ;  and  that 
your  inilruftions,  and  the  afts  you  are  to  be  ruled  by  anent  fervants,  be  read  in 
your  meetings ;  and  if  any  of  yoiir  number  (hall  be  found  deficient  in  his  duty, 
you  are  to  admonifh  him  to  amend,  under  the  pain  of  being  informed  againft  and 
tupped  off  with'  difgrace  ;  and  that  you  CDdealvour  -  to  fupprefs  all  vice  aud  immo- 
rality, and  encourage  virtue  and  piety  to  th«  utmoftof  ^'your  power,  conform  to  the 
&&.S  there  aneht  made,  which  is  your  rule ;  and  that 'you  choofe  your  own  procefj 
at  each  general  meeting  ;  and  that  all  difpuces  be  carried  by  plurality  of  fuhrages, 
or  mofl:  votes. 

And,  laftly,  feeing  you  are  invefled  with  a  power  to  rule  over  and  infpecft  the  lives 
and  manners  of  others,  it  will  be  your  credit, 'as  well  as  your  duty,  to  Ihew  your- 
felves  patrons  of  piety  and  virtue ;  and  in  cafe  you  are  found  guilty  of  thofe  faults, 
you  are  fet  to  reprove  in  others,  you  may  expeft  that  your  punifliraent  will  be 
double  to  theirs ;  upon  thefe  conditions  you  enter  into  their  fociety,  and  judicially 
promife  in  the  prefence  of  God  Almighty,  that  you  will  do  your  utmoft  for  ad- 
vancing the  glory  of  God,  the  public  peace,  and  welfare  of  the  place,  where  you 
live,  as  far  as  you  are  capable,  conform  to  the  'above  inltrudlions,  as  your  fub- 
fcription  hereof  doth  witnefe.  The  whole  forefaid  a&s  and  inllruflions  being  pub- 
liflied  in  open  court,  the  judge  ordains  the  authority  of  the  ftuart  and  jufliciar 
court  to  be  intcrponed  thereto;  and  that  the  fame  be  recorded  in  th«  (luart  court 
books  of  Zetland,  and  extrafts  thereof  to  be  given  cut  by  the  clerk  to  the  batllies 
defiring  the  fame,  upon  payment  of  the  clerks  dues.    Signed  F.  G. 

A  Scheme   anent  regulating  the  German    and  Danifh   current 

money  pafling  here. 

That  forafmuch  as  German  and  Danifli  current  money  hath  for  many  years  by 
gone  paffed  in  Zetland,  Hoyvers  for  pence  fterling,  without  any  regard  to  the 
intrinfick  value,  or  any  authority  from  the  government  for  their  fo  doing ;  but  on 
the  contrary,  all  foreign  money  is  ordaining  by  a<Sl  of  parliament  to  pafs  only  as 
bullion,  according  to  the  weight  and  fineffe  thereof,  of  which  it  is  not  to  be  fup« 
pofed  many  here  are  competent  judges,  and  therefore  thefe  foreign  fpecies  has 
continued  to  pafs  with  us  under  the  denominations  they  bear  in  the  places  where 
they  are  made,  and  at  the  rate  of  pence  for  ftoyvers,  which  currency  Ijiaving  once 

O  obtained. 


^8  APPENDIX    TO    THE    HISTORICAL 

obtained,  encouiaT;ed  many  to  iniporc  that  fpecie,  rather  than  any  other,  which 
they  moft  hiive  purchafed  at  a  dearer  rate,  fo  that  now  there  is  fcarce  any  other 
money  to  be  feen  in  the  country,  and  although  the  importation  of  that  kind  of 
momy  might  be  beneficial  to  fome  particular  perfons,  fuch  as  all  traders  upon 
Hamburgh,  yet  it  has  been  very  prejudicial  to  the  country  in  general  in  feveral 
refpefts,  as  firft  the  real  value  of  thefe  foreign  fpecies  being  unknown,  all  goods 
fold  therefore,  or  bought  therewith,  was  Rill  at  an  uncertain  compute,  fo  that 
money  which  ferves  in  every  country,  as  the  only  rule  to  afcertain  the  value  of 
nil  things  that  are  bought  and  fold,  has  been  of  no  fuch  ufe  to  us  fince  that  un"- 
known  fpecie  proved  the  ftandard,  and  paflcd  far  above  his  intrinfick  value. 

2.  It  is  no  fmalt  difadvantage  to  the  country  to  have  that  money  in  return  for  its  pro- 
duft  exported,  which  cannot  pafs  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain,  and  io  cannot  there- 
with pay  the  land-tax,  crown-rent,  cuftoms,  and  excife,  nor  can  they  therewith  buy 
vlftuals,  and  other  things  abfolutely  neceffary,  which  brings  many  under  a  neceffity 
to  exchange  that  foreign  money  at  confiderable  difcount.  .joons  4)..i:  5\j:i; .i 

5.  That  notwithftanding  that  foreign  money  hath  long  paffed  here  In  fctying 
and  felling,  and  is  the  moft,  if  not  the  only  fpecie  to  be  feen,  yet  there  is  none 
obliged  by  law  to  take  it  in  payment  of  any  fum  due  by  bonds,  bills,  and  others', 
payable  in  Britifli  money,  but  as  bullion,  or  any  other  merchandize,  at  the  pleafure 
of  the  buyer,  which  has  proven  a  hardlhip  upon  many,  and  in  the  laft'place,  to 
add  no  more,  thofe  German  and  Danifh  current  money  paffeth  no  wherein  Europe, 
fave  only  in  the  refpeftive  places  vyhere  they  are  coined,  and  even  there  at  the 
greateft  uncertainty;  and  ftill  far  below  that,  which  they  call  their  bank  money; 
as  for  inftance,  they  have  of  late  called  down  at  Hamburgh  their  6  ftiver  pieces 
to  5  ftivers,  and  their  other  fpecies  proportionably ;  fo  that  fo?  Zetland  to  keep 
up  a  conftant  over  value  upon  that  money  which  is  fo  defpicable  and  precarious 
every  where  elfe,  were  to  a»ft  a  part  no  lefs  unreafonable,  than  hurtful  and  per«- 
nicious  to  itfelf  j  for  which  caufe,  and  as  tar  as  poflible  to  prevent  thefe  incon- 
veniences for  the  future,  it  appears  abfoluiely  neceffary  either  to  difcharge  thefaid 
foreign  fpecies  to  pafs  it  all  otherways  than  as  bullion  as  the  law  direfts,  or  that 
the  fum.  be  brought  to  a  par  wiih  our  fterling  money  ;  but  taking  tlve  laft  as  the 
iiioft  eligible,  bccaufe  the  real  value  of  thefe  foreign  fpecies  cannot  be  known  on 
account  of  their  various  fpecies  and  no  lefs  variety,  of  metals  in  the ,  compoGtion 
whereof  they  confifl:,  fo  that  a  trial'of  tha;t  nature  as  it- would  be  very  difficult, 
fo  it  might  prove  hurtful  to  many,  but  allowing  that  foreign  money  to  be  computed 
according  to  the  current  courfe  of  exchange,  and  that  eftimate  put  upon  them  in. 
thofe  countries  where  they  are  coined,  which  certainly  muft  be  their  full  value, 
why  then  jufl:  now  at  Hamburgh  18  mark  lubts  goes  to  one  pound  fterling,  which 
makes  the  difference  betwixt  ftivers  and  pence  20  per  cent,  and  even  that  compu- 
tation is  5  per  cent,  lefs  than  the  common  difference  betwixt  their  cvfrrent  and  bankr 
money,  although  our  fterling  money  has  as  mudi  intrihftck  vMue'a^  tfeir  15'ankr 
money,  however  the  forcfaid  compute  of  twenty  pounds  per  cent.  difcbtJnr  will 
•fervc  to  bring  the  laid  foreign  fpecies  as  near  to  a  par  with  fterling  money  as  is 
Bcceffary  to  make  it  pafs  at  no  higher  value  with  us  than  it  docs  at  Hamburgh, 
5  -        '  ..«."■  from 


DESCRIPTION    OF    ZETLAND.  99. 

from  whence  only  it  is  imported  here  ;  and  that  we  fhould  keep  up  their  current- 
u'.oney  To  far  undervalued  by  themlclves  upon  a  level!  with  our  fterling-money  is 
Loth  unreafonable  and  unlawful,  and  therefore  the  faid  German  and  Daniih  current 
money  ought  and  fhould,  with  the  unanimous  confent  of  the  country,  be  ordained  to 
pafs  at  the  forefaid  ditcount  of  20  per  cent,  and  for  making  which  difcount  more 
intelligible,  one  fliver  is  ff  of  a  penny  fterling,  or  ten  pennies  Scots,  fix  ftoyvers 
is  five  f.iillings  Scots,  and  twenty-four  ftoyvers  is  one  pound  Scots,  and  all  other 
foreign  coin  to  pafs  here  as  it  doth  in  any  other  part  of  Britain,  and  feeing  the 
above  propofed  regulation  is  founded  upon  reafon,  and  the  ftatute  laws  of  Great 
Britain,  it  is  not  doubted  but  this  whole  country  will  readily  go  in  thereunto,  with- 
out any  further  pubiick  intimation  thereof,  or  authority  interponed  thereto,  to  en- 
force the  obfervance  of  the  fame,  but  the  obvious  intereft  of  the  country  in  general, 
and  as  the  fame  is  agreeable  to  the  afls  of  parliament  in  that  behalf  made;  but  that 
the  whole  country  may  aft  in  concert  in  that  matter,  and  that  the  benefit  or  lofs 
thereby  may  be  equal  to  all  according  to  their  refpe(flive  concern  therein,  appoints 
the  ftewart  dark  to  tranfmit  n  copy  hereof  to  each  bailie  within  the  country  to  be 
intimate  to  all  perfons  within  their  bailleries,  to  be  by  them  obferved  as  far  as  the 
fame  is  agreeable  to  the  laws  of  the  nation,  the  good  of  the  country,  and  the 
common  diftates  of  reafon 4  and  if  there  is  any  jufi:  objeftions  there  againft  or  any 
needfuU  amendments  to  be  put  thereto,  let  the  fame  be  brought  to  the  nsxx  Lead- 
court,  to  be  conridered  of  as  accords.    T.  G. 


F      £'      N      I      S, 


DESCRIPTION    OF    ZETLAND.  -^oi 

A  LETTER  from  Captain  Preston  to  Joseph  Ames,  F.R.  S. 

Dear  Sir,  Zetland,  Jan.  31,  1713-^. 

YOUR  favour  of  the  2d  of  June  ca:n:  lately  to  hand.  Nothing  but  a  fight  of 
you  could  equal  the  pleafure  it  brought  me,  with  an  account  of  your  vvelfare.  I 
wrote  to  you  ten  months  fince,  with  fome  letters  to  other  friends,  but  thefc  all  mif- 
carried  ;  the  opportunity  by  which  I  fend  this  is  very  unexpeftcd,  for  this  ifiany 
has  very  rarely  any  cotrefpondence  with  the  reft  of  the- world  for  tiie  fix  winter 
months:  for  the  year  fnay  be  faid  to  contain  ten  months  of  winter,  ainti  two''ctf 
cold,  raw  weather.  I  thought  it  very  abfurd  to  hear  the  inhabitants  complain  of 
heat,  at  the  fame  inftant  that  I  complained  of  cold,  and  vvilhed  for  a  great  coat. 
They  are  fo  accuftomed  to  ilormy  bad  weather,  that  they  will  venture  to  fca  in 
fmall  boats  when  you  would  not  venture  to  crofs  the  Thames.  1  (hall  give  you  3 
Ihort  defcription  of  this  liland. 

It  is  the  northernmod:  belonging  to  Scotland,  fet  between  the  latitudes  of  60  and 
61  degrees;  its  length  is  N.  and  S.  60  miles;  its  breadth  30,  and  fo  divided  into 
headlands,  and  fmallcr  iflands,  rocks,  bays,  inlets,  and  coves,  &c.  that  you  cannot 
place  a  compafs  in  any  the  moft  inland  part  of  its  chart  that  (hall  be  two  mi  es 
from  the  fca,  which  makes  it  extremely  difficult  to  make  a  good  chart  of  the  iflund, 
of  v^-hich  there  is  no  chart  extant  worth  naming.  During  my  long  ftay  I  have 
devoted  fome  of  my  (otherwife)  idle  time  in  making  obfervations  and  furveying  the 
place,  by  which,  and  fuitable  informations  gained  from  the  inhabitants,  I  have  a 
fea  chart,  which  I  flatter  myfelf  may  be  of  great  ufe  to  other  navigators,  who  are 
all  ftrangers  to  the  many  fafe  and  good  harbours  in  this  ifland,  and  feveral  capable 
of  receiving  many  large  Ihips.  The  land  is  wild,  barren,  and  mountainous:',  nor 
is  there  fo  much  as  a  tree  or  bufh  to  be  feen.  The  fliores  are  difficult,  and  in 
many  places  inacceflible,  rude,  flcep,  and  iron  like,  the  fight  of  which  ftrikes  the 
mind  with  a  certain  dread  and  horror,  and  fuch  monftrous  precipices,  and  hideous 
rocks,  as  bring  all  Brobdingnag  before  your  thoughts.  I  doubt  not  but  you  arc  now 
liftening  out  for  fome  account  of  curiofities  of  art  and  nature,  which  raoft  here  are 
itrangers  to,  and  yet  this  ifland  is  not  quite  barren  of;  bat  not  having  room  here, 
«iuft  defer  an  account  thereof  till  it  pleafes  God  1  fee  you. 

In  winter  the  fun  fets  foon  after  it  rifes,  and  in  fummer  it  rifes  foon  after  fetting; 
fo  that  the  night  at  that  feafon  is  near  as  light  as  the  day,  and  the  day  in  De- 
cember is  near  as  dark  as  the  night  in  the  winter  fets  here. 

We  fee  every  night  the  Aurora  Borealis,  I  think  you  call  it,  but  we  feamen  tlic 
Northern  Lights,  which  fprcads  a  broad  glaring  light  over  the  whole  hemifphere, 
and  looks  fomewhat  terrifying  to  them  not  ufed  to  it. 

I  fhall  only  mention  (left: I  tire  your  patience)  that  a  comet  has  appeared  to  us 
•for  fome  time  from  the  Weft,  large  and  plain  to  the  naked  eye. 

Yours, 

THOMAS  PRESTON. 

P  Captain. 


102  APPEND  rX:  TO-  THE-  H  IS:TaRlC/iL 

Captain  Thomas  Preston  to  Mr.   Ames. 

Dear  Sir,  Leith,  May  12,  174^ 

THIS  informs  you  of  my  fafe  arrival  at  this  place,  where  I  met  your  kind  letter 
of  no  date.  I  have  feen  Mr.  Ruddiman,  who  fays,  you  fhall  hear  from  him  in  a 
few  days,  but  cannot  give  you  much  encouragement  as'  to  fubfcription.  He 
promifcs  to  give  you  what  affiflance  he  can  as  to  the  book  itfelf. 

In  my  la(t  from  Zetland,  I  gave  you  a  fhort  account  of  that  country.  I  (hali 
now  give  you  fome  naore  particulars  under  that  head,  jufl  as  they  occur  to  my 
memory.  This  ifland  is  called  by  the  Dutch  Hetlnnd,  by  us  commonly  Sbetland'% 
but  the  proper  name  of  it  is  Zetland.  Within  there  are  30  parifh  churches,  and 
80  gentlemens  houfea,  befudes  the  towns  Lervic  and  ScaJlcway.  It  was  firft  inha- 
bited by  the  FUUs  or  Pi^s,  who  were  driven  out  by  the  Danes.  Chrirtian  king  of 
Denmark  and  Norway,  whofe  daughter,  the  lady  Margaret,  waS' given  in  marriage 
to  king  James  IK.  of  Scotland'  in  ,the  year  1463^  agreed  that  the  ifland  of  Orkney 
and  Zetland  fliould  be  in  the  pofleffion  of  the  faid  king  James  till  he  had  paid  to 
him  50,000  florins  of  the  Rhine  for  his  daughter's  dowry  ;  and  Chrillian  after- 
wards on  the  birth  of  a  young  prince  his  grandfon,  called  James,  renounced  his 
eitle  to  the  faid  iflands  in  favour  of  king  JanTes,:and  they  have  ever  fl nee  belonged 
to  Scotland.  Zetlaiid  lies  between  the  latitude  of  60  and  6x  degrees,  the  longcfl: 
diftant  but  little  from  the  eaft  part  of  Scotland..  The  longeft  day  is  near  20  hours; 
I  have  read  a  very  fmall  print  in  my  chamber  at  midnight  with  the'  windows  flTur. 
The  air  is  temperate,  confidering  the  country  lies  lb  far  north,  and  agrees  tolerably 
well  with  them  that  can  endure  cold  and  a  thick  fog.  I  mufi  own  I  have  not 
iound  the  winters  fo  cold  as  in  other  parts  of  Great  Britain  ;  rior  are  the  fummers 
iiear  lo  warm,  for  which  indeed  the  length  of  the  days- makes  fome  amend?.  I- 
bave  heard  that  fomc:  fifhermen  have  affirmed  that  at  fea^they  are  near  the  fun's 
body  at  midnight  ;  but  that  is  impofiible,.  fince  the  fun  on  the  fhorteft  day  in  De» 
cember  is  four  hours  above  the  horizon,  and  it  mult  certainly  be  depreft  as  long 
under  it  in  June.  'I'he  winters  are  more  fubjeft  to  rain  than  fnow.  Nor  does  froft 
and  fnow  continue  fo  long  on  the  ground  as  on  the  main  land  of  Great  Britain  ;■ 
yet  I  have  ieen  the  ground  wholly  covered  with  fnow  the  fecond  of  May  lalt  year. 
The  winds  during  the  long  winter  fcafon  continue  to  blow  moft  boifteroufly  ge- 
nerally between  the  S.  and  W,  which  occafion  many  fbipwrecks.  There  have  beerr 
three  or  four  on  the  ifland  in  my  time.  The  land  is  mountainous  and  mooriflii 
abounding  with  mofs  and  hether,  under  which  they  dig  peat  or  turf  for  firing  i 
under  that  are  haril  rocks.  Their  horfes  are  very  little,  but  ilrong  and  well  mettled, 
which  they  call  Shdtics.  Their  oxen,  Iwinc,  and  flieep,  of  which  lafl  they  have' 
plenty,  and  their  cattle  of  all  kinds  are  fmall.  The  price  of  a  horfe  is  a  guinea, 
aji  ox  fomewhKt  lefs,  a  fhecp  half  a  crown,  a  flicep  ftxpence;  rabbits  they  have  in 
fome  parts  of  the  country.  Frogs  and  toads  there  are  none,  nor  perhaps  any 
poifoncus  vermin ,  there  are  many  otters  which  thev  call  Tikes,  and  feals  which  they 
.5  '  call 


DESCRIPTION    OF    ZETLAND.  103 

call  Selkes  ;  fomedmcs  there  are  many  young  whales,  which  they  call  Pellack  or 
Spout  whales.  They  run  into  the  creeks,  and  fo  entangle  themkives  among  the 
rocks,  that  they  are  call  on  the  (liore,  or  eafily  taken.  There  is  plenty  of  fea 
weeds,  called  Tangle,  growing  on  rocks,  of  which  may  be  made  kelp  for  the  m.aking 
of  foap.  There  Ts  plenty  of  ftiell-fifh  of  moll  kinds.  Their  oyfters  are  the  befl  I 
ever  ate.  In  the  fea  they  catch  cod,  ling,  haddock,  whitings,  fcate,  turbot,  and 
herrings,  colefifh,  flukes,  trouts,  &c. 

There  are  many  forts  of  wild  fowl  ;  namely,  the  dunter  goofe,  clack  goofe, 
fwans,  ducks,  teal,  whaps,  toifts.  Her-;,  kittewacks,  maws,  plovers,  fcarfes,  &c. 
There  is  likewife  the  ember  goofe,  which  is  faid  to  hatch  her  eggs  under  her  wing. 
This  is  certain,  that  none  faw  them  on  the  land,  or  out  of  the  water,  and  that  they 
have  a  cavity,  or  hollow  place  under  one  of  their  wings,  only  capable  of  containing 
a  large  egg. 

There  are  here  very  large  eagles,  which  they  call  Earns,  which  prey  upon  the 
young  Iambs,  tkc.  There  is  a  law  in  force,  that  if  any  kill  one  of  thefe  eagles,  he 
is  to  have  a  hen  out  of  every  houfe  in  the  parifh  wherein  it  is  killed,  though  it  is- 
never  demanded. 

I  do  not  doubt  but  there  are  mines  of  filver,  tin,  and  lead,  in  the  country,  for 
feveral  forts  of  minerals  are  to  be  found,  and  I  have  been  credibly  informed  that 
pieces  of  pure  mafly  filver  of  confiderable  bignefs  have  been  turned  up  by  the 
plough;  but  fuch  treafures  are  neglefted,  or  not  improved,  through- the  poverty  rr 
carelellnefs  of  the  proprietors.  In  many  places  marie  quarries  of  excellent  free 
itone,.  lime  flone,  and  flate,  are  found,  and  fome  veins  of  marble.  Sometimes' arc 
cafl  up  by  the  fea,  timber,  pieces  of  wreck,  hoglheads  of  wine  and  brandy,  and 
fometmies  fpeimaceti,  ambergreefe,  watcr-fpunges,  and  cam-fhells  {Os  fcj>uc)  are 
found  on  the  fliore. 

There  is  no  forelt  or  wood,  not  fo  much  as  a  tree,  hardly  a  bufh  of  any  fort  in 
the  whole  country,  except  in  fome  gentlemen's  gardens,  and  thofe  never  dare  to 
peep  over  the  garden- wall  for  fear  of  the  north  v/ind. 

The  country  is  fo  divided  by  ths'fca,  that  it  cannot  be  expefted  there  fliould  le 
in  it  any  rivers,  yet  there  are  many  brooks  and  little  runs  of  water  called  hums 
and  /ochs,  or  lakes,  many  of  which  afford  trouts,  and  I  have  eaten  excellent  cod 
fi(h  that  have  been  taken  in  one  of  thefe  lochs  or  lakes  of  perfed:  frefh  viater,  which 
have  been  very  near  the  lea. 

1  he  people  are  generally  civil,  fagacious,  of  a  ready  w'it,  and  of  a  quick  ap- 
prehenfion,  piouQy  inclined,  much  given  to  hofpitality,  civil  and  liberal  m  their 
entertainments,  and  exceeding  kind  to  flrangtrs,  which  indeed  1  may  fay  from  ex- 
perience, for  I  never  met  with  more  civility  in  any  part  of  the  world.  They  arc 
generally  of  a  dark  complexion,  perfonable  and  comely  enough.  1  he  women  arc 
lovely,  and  the  gentrv  go  well  drcfl,  are  genteel  in  carriage,  well  behaved  in  com- 
pany, and  fmart  and  pkafant  in  converfation,  even  to  a  miracle,  confidering  they 
live  in  fuch  a  remote  iQand,  which  has  fo  little  correfpondence  with  the  reft  of 
the  world.  They  delight  more  in  the  converlation  of  men  than  in  the  common 
tittle-tattle  of  their  own  fex.     They  are  flrangers  to  plays,  oj:eias,  mafquerade?,. 

aflembliesj,. 


IC4  APPENDIX   TO    ZETLAND. 

aflemblies,  balls,  fet  vifiting  days,  extravagant  drefs,  gallantry,  &c.  and  are  free 
from  thofe  innocent  fafhionable  vices,  which  To  much  difgrace  their  betters.  They 
are  modeft  virgins,  and  virtuous  wives :  for  adultery  is  not  known  among  them. 
Among  the  common  fort  fornication  fometimes  happens ;  but  their  conflancy  is 
fuch,  that  they  are  fure  to  marry  one  among  another ;  neverthelefs,  if  a  child 
happens  to  c6me  in  Icfs  than  9  months  after  marriage,  they  are  both  obliged  by 
the  law  of  Scotland,  to  do  penance  in  church.  This  heinous  fin  the  pious  priefls 
call  ante-nupti-al  fornication.  The  name  is  of  their  own  coining,  and  fo  is  the 
fin  too  for  aught  I  know,  for  I  think  it  is  fomewhat  odd  that  a  man  muft  fuffer  the 
cenfure  of  the  kirk  for  going  to  bed  to  his  own  wifej  however,  if  they  find  out 
new  fins,  they  fiiould  invent  new  names. 

The  country  is  moft  commodious  for  navigation,  which  makes  me  wonder  it  has 
fo  long  been  neglefted  that  we  have  not  even  fo  much  as  a  map  of  it.  There  are 
more  than  zo  fafe  harbours  of  eafy  accefs  capable  of  receiving  large  fl:iips,  the 
mod  remarkable  of  which  are  Lenvick  or  BraJJ'a  Sound,  Dura  Foe,  and  Balfa  Sound, 
on  the  Weft  fide  of  the  country.  The  coaft  is  all  high  and  bold,  &nd  may  be  feen 
many  leagues  from  the  fea.  There  are  no  fands  round  the  whole  ifland,  and  but 
few  funken  rocks,  and  thofe  near  the  (bore,  except  one  dangerous  flioal  on  the 
Weft  fide  called  Have  de  Grind,  and  fomc  rocks  on  the  N  ,W.  above  water,  both  which 
as  well  on  the  whole  ifiand,  I  have  exaftly  futveyed,  and  1  think  without  vanity  I 
can  fay  that  I  can  produce  a  very  good  map  of  Zetland,  which  I  believe  may- 
be of  great  fervice,  efpecially  in  war  time. 

I  fear  I  have  tired  your  patience  with  my  long  incoherent  cpiftles  j  I  fliall 
therefore  conclude  with  my  kind  love  to  all  friends; 

And  am,  dear  SIR, 

Your  moft  affectionate  humble  Servant, 

THOMAS   P  R  E  S  T  O  N» 


BIBLIOTHEGA 

TOPOGRAPFIICA 

BRITANNIC      A. 

N°  X. 


CONTAINING 


A  {hoYt  Account  of  H  o  l  y  h  e  a  Dj 
in  the  Ifle  ofANGLESEA. 


LONDON, 

J' R I  NT  ED     BY     AND     FOR     J.     NICHOLS, 

PRINTER    TO    THE    SOCIETY     OF    ANTl  Q.U  ARIES; 

AND  SOLD  BY  ALL  THE  BOOKSELLERS  IN  GREAT   BRITAIN  AND  IRELAND, 

MDCCLXXXIII, 

[Price  One  Shilling  and  Six  Penc?.] 


AMONG  the  various  Labours  of  Literary  Men,  there  have 
always  been  certain  Fragments  whofe  Size  could  not  fecure 
them  a  general  Exemption  from  the  Wreck  of  Time,  which 
their  intrinfic  Merit  entitled  them  to  furvive;  but,  having  been 
gathered  up  by  the  Curious,  or  thrown  into  Mifcellaneous  Col- 
ledlions  by  Bookfellers,  they  have  been  recalled  into  Exiftence, 
and  by  uniting  together  have  defended  themfelves  from  Ob- 
livion. Original  Pieces  have  been  called  in  to  their  Aid,  and 
formed  a  Phalanx  that  might  withftand  every  Attack  from  the 
Critic  to  the  Cheefemonger,  and  contributed  to  the  Ornament  as 
well  as  Value  of  Libraries. 

With  a  fimilar  view  it  is  here  intended  to  prefent  the  Pub- 
lick  with  fome  valuable  Articles  of  British  Topography,  from 
printed  Books  and  MSS.  One  Part  of  this  Colledlion  will  confift 
of  Re-publications  of  fcarce  and  various  Trails ;  another  of  fuch 
MS.  Papers  as  the  Editors  are  already  poffeffed  of,  or  may  receive 
from  their  Friends. 

Jt  is  therefore  propofed  to  publilli  a  Number  occafionally, 
not  confined  to  the  fame  Price  or  Quantity  of  Sheets,  nor  always 
adorned  with  Cuts;  but  paged  in  fuch  a  Manner,  that  the  ge- 
neral Articles,  or  thofe  belonging  to  the  refpedive  Counties, 
may  form  a  feparate  Succcffion,  if  there  lliould  be  enough  pub- 
liflied,  to  bind  in  fuitable  Claffes;  and  each  Traft  will  be  com- 
pleted in  a  fingle  Number. 

Into  this  Collcdlion  all  Communications  confiftent  with  the 
Plan  will  be  received  with  Thanks.  And  as  no  Correfpondent 
will  be  denied  the  Privilege  of  controverting  the  Opinions  of 
another,  fo  none  will  be  denied  Admittance  without  a  fair  and 
impartial  Reafon, 

*:**  Plate  I.  to  face  the  Title.    Plate  II,  to  face  p.i. 
7 


Flalf  1 U?  fact'  tht'  Tid^. 


S.SCuck  I 


Hohij^fad 


Skenyl 


Ae/n/y/t\ 

^  ^  JlWBay 

y  XRddh-McuJV 

BiiUBav 

Isle 


£Uanli^P[i'uit 


C  yl   E    K   A"^  yl    K     V    O   JV  S    H    T    R    E 


V- 


SHORT       ACCOUNT 


O    F 


H        O        L        Y        H        E        A        D. 


I    N. 


The    Ifle    of    A  n  g  l  e  s  e  A. 


a   2 


C     iv     3 


ADV'ERTISEMENT. 

For  this  fliort  Account  of  Holyhead  the  Editor  is  indebted  to 
the  kindnefs  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  John  Price,  keeper  of  the  Bodleian 
library,  to  whom  he  takes  this  opportunity  of  making  his  ac- 
knowledgements. 


c^ 


1 


C    I    ] 


HOLYHEAD, 


HOLYHEAD,  ill  Welfli  Caergybi,  is  a  fmall  fea-port 
town,  fituated  near  tlie  extremity  of  an  ifland  in  the  Irilh 
fea,  joined  to  the  North  Weft  part  of  the  Ifle  of  Anglefey,  by  a 
ftone  bridge  of  one  arch,  called  Rhyd-pont  bridge,  lying  partly 
in  the  hundred  of  T'alebokion.^  and  partly  in  that  of  Lllvon.  It 
has  a  fmall  market  weekly  on  Saturdays  for  bvitcher's  meat,  fifli, 
fowl,  8ic.  but  little  or  no  corn.  The  parifli  is  about  five  or  lix 
miles  long,  and  two  or  three  broad,  divided  into  feven  parcels  or 
hamlets,  mz,  i.  The  'town.  2.  Llanfawr.  3.  tref  Eingan. 
4.  Creccryjl.  5.  7r^'  Seifio?i.  6.  Penrhos-y-Feilw.  7.  IJallt. 
It  is  bounded  on  all  fides,  excepting  the  South  Weft  where  it 
joins  Rhofgolyn  parifh,  by  the  fea. 

It  was  probably  called  Holyhead  from  the  great  number  of 
chapels  or  places  of  religious  worlliip  that  it  contains  ;  but  its 
moft  ancient  Britifli  name  that  we  have  an  account  of  is  Llan  y 
Gwyddyl,  probably  the  Irijhmen^s  beach  ovJJyore'^j  and  not  church, 
the  fea-fhore  being  at  this  day  called  here  Llan-y-Mor,  inftead 
of  Glan  -y-Mor,  which  is  ufed  in  all  other  parts  of  Wales,  and 
hence  probably  too  Llanfawr,  in  this  parifli.  It  was  fo  called 
from  the  Irifli  rovers  who  ufed  to  land  here  when  they  made  in- 
curfions  into  Mon  or  Anglefey,  and  erecfted  fome  fortifications 
here  to  protect  their  Ihipping. 

*  Llan  is  the  general  name  for  a  church  in  North  Wales ;  but  this  fcems  to  be 
fo  called  before  a  church  was  built  In  this  place,  which  gave  me  occafion  to  make 
this  conjecture. 

B  But 


z  HOLYHEAD. 

But  its  moll  ufual  name  is  Caer-Gybiy  ancienfly  wrote  CaeP 
Kebi'-'-,,  that  is,  Kebii  Cajlrum^  fo  called  from  Kebius  or  Kybi  a 
billiop  (asfomelay),  who  was  feated  at  this  place,  and  to  whom 
the  church  is  dedicated,  whofe  feftival  or  wake  is  on  the  5th  of 
November.  Primate  UlLer  &ys,  that  Kebius  or  Kybi,  the  fon 
of  Solomon  duke  of  Cornwall,,  was  confecrated  bilhop  by  Hilary 
of  Poidiers,  about  the  year  364,  and  that  he  was  feated  in  Mona 
at  a  pl2.cc  called  from  him  Caer  Gybi  \.o  this  day. 

But  this  mutt  be  falfe,  if  there  is  any  credit  to  be  given  to 
tlie  gencajbgy  of  our  Britiilr  faints,  which  fays,  that  Sefyf  or  So^ 
lo:mon\  the  father  of  /^0/,  was,  the  fon  of  Gcraint^  the  fon  of 
Erbin,  the  fon  of  Canjlantine  duke  of  Cornwall,  nephew  and  fuc- 
cellbr  to  king  Arthur,  and  was  contemporary  with  Gildas  Badoni- 
cuSf  who  flburiQied  about  550.  What  might  occafion  his  mif- 
take  might  probably  be,  that  our  Britifli  j^JIan,  furnamed  G^r- 
maid,  01'  l^be  Bright,  called  in  Latin  Hjlarius,  is  very  often  con- 
founded with  Hilary  of  Poi6t.iers.  This  ./^lian,  or  Britifli  Hi- 
lary (who  was  a  man  renowned  for  his  fanility,  whofe  miracles 
were  in  after-times  fo  cried  up,  that  hi-s  flirine  is  even  to  this  day 
in  fome  repute  for  cures  faid  to  be  wrought  by  him),  was  a  con- 
temporary'of  Kybi's,  and,  if  we  believe  tradition,  was  ufed  to 
meet  him  frequently'  at  a  place  called  Llandyfry-dog,  to  confer 
about  matters  of  religion,  &c.  but  was  no  billiop,  as  far  as  I 
can  find.  However,  it  is  agreed  by  all  writers,  that  tliis  place 
took  its,  name- from  Kybi^  cxtepting  by  Baxter  in  his  Glollary, 
who  calls  it  there'  Gorguba,  from  the  moilk  of  Kavenna's-  Corfiila^^ 
and  derives  i,t  from  Caer  Coib\  i.e.  "  MuPiimentum  Co-hortis  ;^ 
*-^  de  Latino  enim  Copict  Ibernorum  Coib  pro  turma  vel  cohorte 
"eft;  funt  etiain  in  aice  montis  veterura  caftrorum  veftigia., 
*^  Quai  de  nefcio  quo  minorum  gentium  fiihclulo'  crepant  fupe- 
**^  ilitiofi  quif(iuiliie  lunt." 

*   Kebius  or  Kebi  is  faid  ro  be  bifliop  of  Anglefen,  and  liis  ft-'at  at  Holyhead  ac 
this-W^j  A-vD.  3;]4-     Sc^ Rowland's  Mona  AntiqvKi,  p.  iSj. 

Holyhead 


H         O         L         Y         H        E._      A  .      U,,  ^ 

Holyhead -was  formerly  a  college  or  cofiveBt,-  founded  .by 
Maclg\jcn  Gzvynedd,  king  of  Wales  (called  by  Giklas  MagloGilnus) 
as  I  have  read  in  an  old  i\IS.  "  Maclgwn  Gv.ynedd  a  adeiladodd 
"  Glafwrdy  Bangor,  a  Chlafwrdy  Penmon,  a  Chlafwrdy  Caer-' 
"Gibi;"  i.e.  Maclgwn  Gwyn(^dd  built  the  college. of  Bangor,' 
the  college  of  Fenmon,  and  tlie  college  of  Holyhead.— -This  col- 
lege conlifled  of  a  Fenclas  (i.  e.  Pen-Colas^  Praefedlus  Collegii), 
who  was  one  of  the  three  fjiiritual  lords  of  Anglefey  during  the 
government  of  the  Welfli  princes,  the  other  two  being  the  arch- 
deacon of  Anglefey.^  and  prior  of  Fenmon.  The  Fenclas  held  a 
fmall  number  of  fubordinate  members,  but  how  many,  or  what 
denomination  they  were  of,  I  can  give  no  further  information 
than  what  is  contained  in  the  following  letter  from  Mr.  Rowland 
to  Dr.  Tanner,  in  anfwer  to  fonie  queries  relating  to  this  place: 
"  I  could  never  hear  of  any  chartules  of  this  church  remaining 
"  in  private  hands,  unlefs  there  be  in  Jefus  College,  Oxford,  to 
"  which  this  church  now  belongs.  Indeed  the  public  feal  of  the 
"  convent  I  had  once  in  my  pofTeffion,  and  is  at  prefent  (1  believe) 
<'  in  the  college*.  It  was  of  hard  metal,  taken  out  of  a  turbury 
"  near  Holyhead,  and  had  thefe  words  about  it  in  ancient  letters, 
"  Sigit  Redloris  et  Capituli  Eccts;  de  Kaer  Kibi.  By  which  we  fee  the 
chief  was  flyled  recSlor,  but  in  the.Welfli  tongue  Fenclas  or  Pe?i 
CoIaSy  viz.  the  head  of  the  college,  whereof  one,  called  iJozy<?/ 
**  Fenclas,  was  once  a  very  noted  perfon  in  this  country.      The 

*  This  college  is  faid  to  have  been  founded  by  Hwfa  ^>  Cyndelw,  lord  of  Lvs 
Llivon  in  i\nglefey,  and  one  of  tlie  iftiibes  who  lived  in  the  time  of  Griffith  ap 
Conan  prince  of  North  Wales,  and  Owen  his  fon,  or  the  tormer  part  of  the 
twelfth  century.  It  was  certainly  in  being  before  1291,  becaule  rated  in  the  Lin- 
coln taxation.     See  Tanner's  Notit.  Monatt.  1744,  p.  699. 

Anno  1553,  ^^^^  remained  in  charge  thelc  penfions  :  To  Lewis  ap  John  ap 
Jcnkin,  Henry  Standifhe,  Lewis  ap  John  L'oid,  William  Owen,  Hugh  Morgan, 
John  Vaughan,  Hugh  Wood,  Roland  Bucheley,  John  Robyns,  Lewis  Newburgh, 
Roland  Mearick,  and  Thomas  Buckley,  i/.  each.  Sum  total  df  the  annual  pay- 
ment of  the  county  of  Anglefea  12/.      See  Willis's    Mitred  Abbies,  &c.  vol.  IL 

P-  303- 

B  2  "  chapter 


4  HOLYHEAD. 

*'  chapter  confifted,  and  were  called  in  deeds  by  the  name  and 
*'  ftyle  of  canons  and  prebendaries,  but  of  what  number  I  know 
**  not ;  I  fuppofe  they  were  not  above  fix  or  eight.  I  have  read 
"  it  in  fome  of  the  Britifh  MSS.  that  Hwfa  ap  Cynddelw  was 
**  founder  of  thofe  canons  ffecular  I  believe  they  were) ;  but  I 
"have  by  me  a  deed  of  the  advowfon  of  the  nomination  {Ele£iio 
*'  Jufe  'tis  called)  of  two  of  thofe  canons,  annexed  to  a  townfhiii 
"  called  7r^'  Lowarcb,  which  was  formerly  the  lands  of  Uowarcb 
^^  ap  B7'an,  lord  of  Menai ;  by  which  I  conceive  the  f^id  Llo- 
"  warch  had  at  leaft  founded  thofe  two  canonries.  And  the  ex- 
"■  tent  of  North  Wales  in  VxW^.T're''  Lowareb  mentions  the  fame 
"  advowfon,  but  calls  them  prebendaries^  which  indeed  are  not 
^  much  different  from  fecular  canons." 

Mr.  William  Morris,  comptroller  of  the  cuftoms  at  Holyhead, 
fays,  that  he  remembers  to  have  read  in  an  Extent  of  North 
Wales,  which  he  prefumes  to  be  that  taken  26  Edw.  III.  that 
there  were  two^ prebendaries  at  Holyhead  annexed  to  I're'  rGofm 
the  faid  pariOi. 

Their  maintenance  confifled  of  the  tithes  of  the  feveral  parifiies 
of  Holyhead,  Bodedern,  Llandrygarn,  and  Bodwrog,  valued  at 
24/.  2  Henry  VIII.  granted  alter  the  dilTolution  to  Francis 
Morris  and  Francis  Phillips,  from  v/hom  it  came  to  Dr.  Thomas 
Gwyn  *j  who  gave  the.  impropriation  to  Jefus  College,  Oxford, 

for 

*  Col.  Poo.  ad  Thomas  Gwyn.l  He  was  the  younger  Ton  of  ap  Rees  Wynn  of 
Bodfeddan,  paternally  dcfcended  from  Hwfa  ap  Kynddelis,  one  of  our  15  tribes, 
whofe  hereditary  office  in  the  time  of  ourBiirifh  princes  was,  to  aflift  the  bifhop  of 
Bangor  to  place  the  «rov;n  011  the  prince's  head  on  the  coronation  day,  and  to  have- 
the  apparel  the  prince  was  crowned  in  for  his  fee.  'I  he  wife  of  John  Frees  Wynn,-. 
and  Dr.  Gwyn's  mother,  was  Margaret  Woods,  the  daughter  of  William  V\'oods 
of  Llangwyfen  and  TaMiin,  and  I\llen  Owen,  of  Bodeon,  his  wife,  which  Woods 
was  paternally  d.fcendcd  tVom  Richard  Wood,  of  Woodhail,  in  Lancafhire.  Dr. 
Wynn  was  born  at  Bodftddan,  in  the  parifh  of  Llanbenlan,  in  Anglcfea.  His 
elder  brother  was  Rhees  Wynn,  ferjeant  at  law,  whofe  daughter  and  heir  was 
married  to  Sir  Juftinian  Levvyn^  knt.  and  LL.D.     He  beftowcd  on  Jclus  College 

tbe 


HOLYHEAD.  .'       p~ 

for  the  maintenance  of  two  fellovvfiiips  and  two  Icholarfhips, 
about  the  year  1648  ;  fo  that  at  prefent  the  college  nominates 
the  curate  of  Holyhead,  to  whom  it  pays  50/.  a  year,  and  40/. 
to  curates  for  ferving  the  other  churches. 

Holyhead  church  il:ands  above  the  harbour,  within  an  old 
quadrangular  fortification,  with  a  baiiion  at  each  corner,  built 
about  the  year  450  by  Cafwallon  Lawhlr  (Caffivelaunus  Longi- 
manus),  fon  of  Eneon  Urdd^  fon  of  CynedJa  IViedig,  who  was 
fent  by  his  father  to  fight  the  h'ifli  Pidts,  who  a  little  before  had 
invaded  the  iiland  of  Mona  or  Anglefea,  and  near  a  flrong  fort 
which  the  inhabitants  called  D/;z  Dr)'^'z7/,  had  flain  many  of  the 
iflanders  at  a  place  called  afterwards  from  them  Corrig  y  Gwyddyly 
Irilhmens  Hones,  to  this  day.  Upon  this  Cafwallon  came,  fought, 
and  routed  them,  and  purfued  them  to  Holyhead,  where  their 
fleet  lay  ;  here  they  engaged  a  fecond  time,  when  Cafwallawii 
with  his  own  hand  flew  Sin'gi  the  Irifh  general,  and  fortified  the 
place  with  a  wall,  which  is  called  Mur  Cafwallaivn  (Cafvvallawn's 
wall)  to  this  day,  and  cleared  the  ifland  of  thefe  lawlels  invaders.- 
There  is  a  tradition  that  Cafwallawn  fettered  his  men,  that  is, 
coupled  them  two  and  two  with  their  horfes'  fetters,  probably  to 
engage  them  to  fight  refolutely,  and  to  conquer  or  die.  How-- 
ever  uncommon  this   behaviour   of  Cafwallawn  might  be,  or 

the  impropriate  refldry  of  Holyhead,  to  the  intent  that  one  quarter  of  the  profits  ■ 
of  it  fhould  be  for  the  maintenance  of  a  preacher,  another  quarter  for  two  reading 
curates  and  the  poor,  and  the  other  two  quarters,  or  one  full  half,  for  the  main- 
tenance of  two  fellows  or  two  fcholars,  as  I  take  it,  to  be  chofen  out  of  the  Ifle  ot 
Ahglefea,  iffnchbe  found,  and  in  default  ot  fiich,  out  of  the  diocefe  of  LandafT. 
The  reftory  when  he  purchafed  and  bellowed  it  was  well  worth  200  \\h.  per  annum, 
but  by  the  poverty  of  the  country,  and  fome  other  circuititlances,  it  is  now  fet  tor 
about  120  lib.  if  fo  much.  See  Bifliop  Humphreys's  Additions  to  Athene  et  Fafli 
Oxon.  in  Tho.  Caii  VincHciiE  Anriq.  Acad.  Oxon,   vol.  II.  by  Hearne,    p.  625,    626. 

The  threat  tvthes  <.f  Holvliead  belong  to  Jefus  College,  Oxford,  by    the  gift  of 
Rice  (hvyn,  efq.   A.  D.  1648. 

N.  [j.  The  penclees  or  prefident  of  the  colleqiate  church  at  flolylicad  was  one  of 
the    three  fpirhual  lords  of  Anglefea,  his  tenure  being  baron  or  knight's  fervice.  ■ 
See  Tanner's  Nytit.  Mon.  p.  6^1). 

^,  whatever^ 


6  HOLYHEAD. 

whatever  advantage  he  might  propofe  to  hinDfelf  by  it,  yet  it  is 
.not,  it  feems,  the  only  iailance  among  our  countrymen  ;  for  in 
the  book  called  "  T'riGeiki  Tiivs  Brydain,  or  the  'Triades^'"  we  read 
thus  :  "  Tri  tlualogion  Tenia  Ynys  Brydain,  Teulu  Catwallawu 
*'  (Gaiwallawn)  Lawliir,  addodafant  Ilualeu  eu  Meirch  ar  eu 
*'  Traed  pob  deii  o  naddiint  yn  ymladd  a  Serigi  Wyddel  yng 
"  Carrig  y  Gwyddyl  y  'Alon.  A  theulu  Rhivallon  mab  Urien  yn 
"  ymladd  ar  Saefon.  A  Theulu  Belyn  o  Leyn  yn  ymladd  7\g 
"  Edwyn  y' Mryn  Cenau,  j//V?j"Ed\vyn,  yn  Rhos."  That  is.  The 
three  fettered  tribes  (troops)  of  Britain.  The  tribe  (troop)  of 
Cafuiallawn,  the  Longhanded,  who  put  their  horfes' fetters  about 
tbeir  own  feet  every  two  and  two  of  them,  when  fighting  with 
Sirigi  the  h-idiman  at  Ccrrigy  Gwyddyl'm  Mona  ;  the  tribe  (troop) 
of  Rhhvalloii,  the  fon  of  Urieii,  vv'hen  fighting  with  the  Saxons  ; 
9.nd  the  tribe  of  Belyn  of  ,L/cyn_,  when  fighting  againli  Edwyn 
iipon  Cenau  (alias  Edwyn's)  hill  in  Rbos.     . 

But  to  return  :  Holyhead  lying  fo  convenient  for  the  Jrifli 
iTovers  to  land  in,  was,  we  may  fuppofe,  frequently  viiited  by 
them  in  moft  of  their  incurfions,  and  accordingly  we  find  in 
PowcTs  Hittory  of  Wales,  p.  6i,  that  the  hifli  in  the  year  958, 
when  lago  and  leiiaf  jointly  ufurped  the  government  of  North 
Wales  to  the  prejudice  of  their  elder  brother  Meyric\  landed  in 
Mon,  under  Ab/oic  king  of  Ireland,  and  having  burnt  Holyhead, 
fpoiled  the  country  of  Llyn. 

That  Holyhead  was  deemed  a  place  of  confequence  to  the 
fafety  of  Anglefea,  is  further  evident  from  an  old  fortification  on 
the  top  of  Holyhead  mountain,  called  Caer  Twr,  q.  d.  Turris  Mii- 
nimentum.  This  is  an  old  ftone  wall  without  mortar,  furround- 
ing  the  apex  or  fummit  of  the  higheft  hill,  with  the  remains  of  a 
fmall  turret  in  the  midft,  from  whence  it  had  its  name.  It  is  of 
a  pretty  great  extent,  and  in  lome  places  about  10  feet  high  at 
;this  day,  with  a  well  of  excellent  water  within  it.     There  are 

feveral 


HOLYHEAD.  7 

fcveral  remains  of  old  fortifications  of  the  fame  nature  in  clivers 
parts  of  Wales,   efpecially  upon  hills  near  the  fea. 

The  other  monumcnrs  of  antiquity  obfervahle  in  this  parifli, 
are  the  Drucidical  Altars  on  afield  belonging  to  Trevignedd i'^nrij 
called  Llechau  or  flat  ftones,  and  the  field  is  called  Cae'r  Llecbau. 
Thefe  were  three  cromlechs,  or  a  cromlech  and  Jlone  chejls  united 
together  ;  but  the  upper  ftones  are  now  fallen  off  from  the  per- 
pendicular ones  that  fupported  them.  Thefe  lay  unnoticed,  till 
they  were  oblerved  by  Mr.  Aubrey,  from  whofe  papers  the  edi- 
tors of  Camden  have  inferted  them  in  their  additions  to  Anolefea. 
There  is  another  fingle  cromlech  between  the  town  and  the 
mountain,  called  Corten  Arthur  (Arthur's  Quoit),  which  is  a 
name  given  thefe  a'otfilechs  by  the  vulgar  in  feveral  places,  who' 
attributed  all  furprizing  works,  which  they  could  not  account  for, 
to  king  Arthur. 

The  other  remains  of  antiquity  are  the  chapels  oi-  places  of  re- 
ligious worlhip.  Thef^  were  five  in  number  befides  the  parifli' 
church,  and  from  this  circumftance  it  was  probably  that  the 
Englifli  called  it  Holyhead,  k^ov  ax^ov. 

The  parifh  church  was  rebuilt  in  the  form  it  now  ftands    fome 
time  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.   except  the  chancel,   which  was' 
rebuilt  about  the  beginning  of  this  century.  The  porch  andfteeple 
ffeem  very  ancient,   and  have  feveral  Gothic  ornaments,  and  on 
each  fide  of  the  door  two  coats  of  arms,   liz.   a  chevron  between 
three   (birds  probably)   Cornilh    choughs,   differing  hut  a  little 
from  that  of  Llowarch  ap  Bran  abovementioned,   who  is  reported " 
to  have  fcuncled  two  canonries  here,    which  was,  Argent,   a  chev- 
ron 1  etween  three  Corn.ifli  choughs,  proper,  with  Ermine  in  their 
bills       0.1    a  Hone  on    tlie  out-fide  of  the  North  ifle  is  this-  \n-t 
fcription  in  old  charafters,   "  Sancle  Kclneora  pro  nobis."     They 
MTev.ed  alfo  the  print  of  Kybi'sfoot  in  a  rock  by  the  Eaft'end  of 
tire  chancel,   till  it  was   lately  deftroycd  by  Mr.  Ellis,   fellow  06 
jcfus  College,   Oxford,   then  curate  of  this  place. 

There: 


8  HOLYHEAD. 

There  was  a  chapel  inclofed  within  the  fame  fortification  with 
the  parifli  church  on  the  South  fide,  ere6led  over  the  grave  of 
Sirigi  the  Irifli  general  abovementioned,  which  was  in  after-times 
endowed  with  revenues  diltincfl  from  the  collegiate  church,  which 
it  enjoys  to  this  day,  as  appears  by  the  college  leafes.  This  is 
fometimes  called  Egkvys y  Bedd^  the  grave  church  ;  but  in  fome 
of  our  ancient  MSS.  CapelLIan  y  Gzvyddyi.  In  removing  the  ruins 
of  this  fome  years  ago,  the  workmen  found  a  lione  coffin  or 
cheft  under  an  arch  in  the  North  fide  of  the  chancel,  with  human 
bones  of  a  prodigious  fize  in  it.  Here  formerly  was  the  flirine 
,of  Sirigij  who  was  canonized  it  feems,  formerly  very  much  re- 
forted  to.  This  was  carried  off  by  fome  Irifh  rovers,  faith  an  old 
•Irifli  Chronicle,  and  depofited  in  the  cathedral  of  Chrift  Church 
in    Dublin,   from   whence,   after  the   Reformation,    this  flirine, 

with  many  others,  was  removed  to ,   a  place  not  far 

from  Dublin,  where  the  reliques  that  could  be  preferved  from 
utter  ruin  are  fiill  carefully  kept  by  thofe  of  the  Romifli  perfua- 
fion.  This  chapel  was  lately  converted  into  a  public  fchool,  by 
JLdward  Wynne,  o^  Bodewryd,  in  this  county,  LL.D.  who  gave 
;by  bond,  dated  Nov.  25,  1748,  the  fum  of  fix  fcore  pounds  for 
■the  endowment  of  it,  the  interefl  thereof  to  be  paid  annually  on 
the  24th  of  November,  to  the  fchool-mafter,  for  teaching  fix 
poor  boys  of  the  town  to  read  and  write,  and  appointed  one  John 
Edwards,  a  native  of  Bangor,  to  be  the  firft  mafter  there,  who 
refigning  in  176 1,  it  was  given  to  Lewis  Owen,  fon  to  the  fur- 
veyor  of  this  port. 

The  other  chapels  are  Capel y  Lochzvydm  Holyhead  mountain, 
now  in  ruins.  Cappely  Gorlles,  in  the  Eaft  end  of  which  was  a  fa- 
mous fpring  called  Ijynuon y  Goilles.  Capal  Lib,  by  fome  called  Iloy 
ixezvLlecbNe/J,  now  converted  into  a  farm  houfe.  CapelGwyn  Geneu^ 
in  the  hamlet  of  Crecerx/i-,  applied  to  the  fame  ufe.  Capel  St, 
'Xfraidi  built  on  an  artificial  barrow  or  tumukis  by  the  fea  fide,  on  a 

fandy 


H        O        L        Y         H        E        A        D.  ^ 

fandy  beach  called  'tywvn y  Cappel,  about  two  miles  and  a  half 
from  the  town,  nigh  the  high  road  to  Chcfter.  The  Popilh  le- 
gends fay,  that  St  T'fraid,  a  virgin  of  remarkable  fancStity,  failed 
from  Ireland  to  this  place  on  a  green  ibd,  wnich  upon  her  land- 
ing immediately  grew  into  a  hillock,  on'  wbich  this  chapel  was 
built  and  dedicated  to  her.  He-e  we  niuft  obferve  by  the  bye, 
that  there  are  feveral  churches  dedicated  to  this  female  faint, 
which  all  lay  claim  to  the  fame  miracle,  viz.  Lhm  St.  Tfraid, 
Glan  Comvy,  and  Llan  St.  'Tfred,  in  Gardiganlhire  in  particular, 
which  lait  place  one  of  our  poets  feems  to  believe  to  have  been 
the  real  fpot  N\here  fiie  landed,  when  he  fays  of  her,  among, 
other  miraculous  ails, 

"   Da  y  nofiaiil:  hyd  yn  Nyfi 
<'   Dull  Duw  ar  dy  Fantell  di."  i.e. 
Ad  Dobii  fliienta  natafti  pulchre  ! 
Divina  penulae  tux  inerat  imago. 

From  hence  we  fee,  that  he  gives  the  preference  to  Llan  Sf.- 
'Tfred  before  our  Capel  St,  Tjraid ;  but  this  may  be  remedied,  if 
we  fuppofe,  that  after  failing  in  this  vehicle  from  Ireland  to  Holy- 
head, which  was  the  firft  land  that  fhe  could  make,  flie  might 
alio  with  the  fame  eafe  vifit  other  parts  on  the  fea  coaft,  and  work 
the  fame  miracle  over  again  for  the  conviction  of  unbelievers, 
efpecially  as  Ihe  was  a  female  faint,  and  might  poffibly  have  a 
little  tindhire  of  that  vanity  which  is  fo  peculiar  to  that  fex. 

The  other  public  ftru<ftures  in  this  pariQi  are  of  a  more  mo- 
dern date,  viz.  a  falthoufe  that  was  ere*5led  on  an  ifland  in  the 
entrance  of  the  harbour,  called  Tnys  Gybi  (Kybi's  Illand)  ;  and 
an  a6l  was  palled  in  the  flxth  year  of  queen  Anne's  reign,  to  per- 
mit rock  fait  to  be  ufed  here  to  ftrengthen  fea  water.  The  place 
is  well  fituated  for  the  purpofe,.  but  for  want  of  proper  manage- 
ment, the  work  fell  to  decay,  and  has  not  been  fince  attempted , 
jfo  that  the  houfe  is  at  prefent  (1762)  entirely  in  ruins. 

C  Oix 


10  HOLYHEAD. 

On  an  ifland  called  Sherries^  in  Welfh  Tnys y  Moelrhoniaid^  or 
Ifle  of  Seals,  about  three  leagues  N.  N.  W.  of  Holyhead^  and 
about  half  a  league  from  the  main  land,  there  is  a  lighthcufe, 
erected  at  firft  by  one  Trench^  a  merchant  of  Dublin,  by  patent ; 
but  by  an  a6l  of  parliament  pafTed  in  1730,  there  is  a  duty  of  a 
penny  a  ton  laid  on  Britifli  veflTels  pafling  it,  or  crofling  the  chan- 
nel, ond  two  pence  on  every  foreigner.  This  light  may  be  {^^n 
icven  or  eight  leagues  off,  and  is  of  great  ufe  to  navigation.  In 
this  iiland,  as  rlfo  at  the  South  Stack  near  Holyhead,  puffins 
breed  in  plenty,  A\hiclicome  in  a  lurprizing  manner  in  a  flock 
in  the  compafs  of  a  night,  and  when  their  feafon  comes,  depart 
in  the  fame  manner. 

Nor  muft  I  omit  the  improvement,  which  the  inhabitants,  by 
the  affiftance  of  paffengers,   who  contributed  generoufly,   made 
in  the  high  road  that  leads  to  Chefter  throughout  this  parifli, 
which  is  here  taken  notice  of,   as  it  is  the  firft  of  the  kind  of  any 
extent  in  the  whole  iiland  of  Angiefea.      The  chief  feats  of  rhe 
gentry  in  this  parifh  are  Penrhos^   Mifs  Margaret  Owen's,   daugh- 
ter and  heirefs  of  Hugh  Owen,  efq.  fon  of  Robert  Owen,  efq. 
•fon   of  John  Owen,  who  married  Margaret,    the  daughter  of 
Wynne,   of  Bodewryd,  by  whom  (her  brother's  male 
ifTue  failing)  the  ellate  of  Bodewryd  is  united  to  that  of  Pedrhos. 
This  John  Owen  was  defcended  from  Hwfa  cip  Cynddelw.,   one  of 
fhe   fifteen    tribes  of  North  Wales,   who  lived   in   the  time  of 
Z,lewelyn  ap  lorwertb^  prince  of  Wales    1170,  and  bore  Gales, 
a  Chevron  between  three  Lionels  rampant.  Or.      Trejarddur^  John 
Williams,   efq ;   Llanfcnvr,  Mr.  William  Vickers's  ;   and  Penrhos 
Bradiven^  Mr.  John  Jones. 

As   for   old    arms,  urns,  coins,   Sec.  there   have    been  none 

found  here  of  late  years  ;  neither  are  there  any  manufcripts  in  the 

parifli,   excepting  what  are  to  be  found  in  Mr.  Wiljiam  Morris's 

j>oireffion.     He  has  made  a  pretty  good  collection  of  VVellli  MSS. 

5  fome 


HOLYHEAD. 


II 


fbme  few  of  them  ancient ;  the  reft  tranfcripts,  made  by  himfelf, 
of  fome  of  the  moft  vakiable  ones  in  thefe  parts  ;  he  has  ahb 
feveral  other  ciiriofities  refpedling  the  natural  hiftory  of  birds, 
fiflies.   Sec. 

This  parifh  being  of  fo  fmall  extent,  and  farrovmded  almoft  on 
all  fides  by  the  fea,  gives  rife  to  no  rivers,  and  but  few  fmall 
brooks  ;  it  is,  however,  well  fupplied  with  fprings,  to  fome  few 
of  which  are  afcribed  fome  cures  from  the  name  of  the  faint  that 
thev  are  called  after.. 

The  foil  in  general  is  rocky,  efpecially  towards  the  mountain, 
which  is  the  higheft  hill  in  all  Anglefea,  with  fertile  little  fpots 
interfperfed,  which  produce  plentiful  crops  of  wheat,  rye,  bar- 
ley, oats,  hay,  &c.  ;  and  in  the  year  1747,  22000  bufliels  of 
grain  of  different  forts  were  fliip]>ed  out  of  this  harbour,  and  the 
quantity  is  now  much  increafed  from  the  i  onfiderable  improve- 
ments by  liming,  fanding,  and  marling,  carried  on  daily  in  this 
parifli  and  the  neighbourhood  ;  foap-boilers  wafte  is  likewife 
found  to  be  very  good  manure. 

The  other  natural  prodvi»5tions  of  the  place  are  butter,  cheefe, 
bacon,  wild  fowl  in  abundance,  oyfters,  lobfters,  crabs,  razor 
filh,  fhrimps,  prawns,  herrings,  cod  fifli,  whiting,  whiting 
pollacks,,  blackings,  fea  tench,  turbot,  foles,  flounders,  hays^, 
and  other  fifli  in  plenty.  About  the  ifland  of  Skerries  likewife 
are  plenty  of  all  thefe  forts  of  fifli,  and  in  fummer  blackings  or 
coal  fifli  are  in  fuch  plenty  here,  that  the  lightmen  ftanding  upon 
the  point  of  a  rock  have  frequently  taken  them  up  in  bafkets  as 
they  paired  by. 

Here  and  in  feveral  other  maritime  parts  of  Wales,  is  a  plant 
called  by  the  natives  Gwymmon^  Anglice  'Targ,  growing  on  the 
fea  rocks,  of  which  they  make  great  profit,  by  burning  it  into  a 
kind  of  fait  called  Kelpy  one  of  the  ingredients  in  making  glafs ; 
it  is  alfo  ufed  in  allum  works. 

G   a  Sampier 


iz  HOLYHEAD. 

Sampler  likewife  grows  in  great  plenty  here  on  the  rocks  above 
tlie  fea,  which  are  almoft  inacceffible,  but  by  ropes,  &c.  and 
anfwer  well  the  defcription  given  by  Shakefpear  in  his  account  of 
Dover  Cliff. 

But  the  chief  fupport  of  the  inhabitants  arifes  fron:\  the  inter- 
courfe  of  travellers  between  England  and  Ireland;  for  Holyhead 
is  the  great  thoroughfare  between  both  kingdoms,  by  reafon  of 
the  fliortnefs  of  the  palTage,  it  being  but  20  leagues  over  at  this 
place,  and  the  conveniency  of  the  packets  which  carry  the  mails 
being  Rationed  here.  Thefe  are  three  ftout  veffels  of  about  100 
tons  burthen  each,  contra^led  for  by  government  of  one  Mr. 
T'bomas  Blai}\  a  merchant  of  Dublin,  for  300/.  a  year  each,  and 
I  50/.  allowed  for  accidents.  He  has  all  the  benefit  arifnig  from 
the  conveyance  of  palTengers  to  himfelf ;  the  price  of  a  bed  in 
one  of  the  cabbins  is  half  a  guinea,  walking  upon  deck  or  in  the 
hold  half  a  crown.  One  of  thefe  packets  fails  for  Dublin  with 
the  Englilh  every  Monday,  Wednefday,  and  Saturday ;  and  re- 
turns from  thence  with  the  Irifli  mail  on  Sundays,  Wednefday s, 
and  Fridays,   wind  and  weather  permitting. 

The  harbour  of  Holyhead  is  found  to  he  very  convenient  for 
the  JSorthern  trade  when  taken  Hiort  by  contrary  winds  ;  but  as 
it  is  only  one  of  the  rough  <lraughts  of  nature  (man  having  never 
given  it  a  helping  hand),  it  is  not  a  good  lying  place  for  large 
fbipping  on  North  Welt  winds. 

But  if  it  was  repaired,  and  warchoufes  built,  it  might  be  a 
convenient  place  for  the  Irifli  merchants  to  import  their  goods 
that  pay  Englifli  duty,  being  within  feven  or  eight  hours  failing 
of  the  coart  of  Ireland  and  the  merchants  might  have  the  con- 
v-enien^y  of  coming  over  in  the  packets  to  fee  their  goods  landed. 

The  port  of  Holyhead  is  but  a  creek  or  member  of  Beaumaris 
harbour,  and  the  officers  appointed  here  for  the  management  of 
his  majefty's  cuftoms,  tranfmit  their  account  monthly.     They 

are 


HOLYHEAD. 


»3 


are  a  collector,  Lewis  Lloyd ;  a  comptroller,  William  Morris  ; 
a  furveyor,   Owen  Davis  ;  and  four  tide-waiters,   or  boatmen. 

At  a  place  called  Borthwen,  near  Penrhos,  they  dig  up  from 
under  the  fand  at  low  water  mark  a  kind  of  black  earth  or  turf, 
which  they  dry  and  burn  ;  this  is  often  found  full  of  branches 
of  trees,  nuts,  and  feeds  of  plants  preferved  entire,  though  they 
are  dug  from  the  depth  of  feveral  yards  from  the  furface  at  low 
water  mark,   and  in  the  time  of  flood  waflied  over  by  the  fea. 

In  this  neighbourhood  there  is  a  large  vein  refembling  white 
Fuller's  earth  (ite  Pennant's  prefent  to  the  Mufcum,  N°  32,  I  be- 
lieve), and  another  of  yellow,  which  perhaps  might  be  ufeful 
to  trade. 

There  is  a  great  variety  of  fpars  and  chryftals  in  the  moun- 
tain, but  no  ore  of  any  kind  has  been  as  yet  difcovered  there. 

The  inhabitants  in  general  are  healthy  and  long  lived,  enjoy- 
ing a  keen  wholefome  air,  untainted  with  infe<5tious  vapours, 
80  or  90  years  of  age  being  very  common  amongft  (hem.  There 
are  about  300  families  in  the  parifli,  and  the  whole  number  of 
fouls  may  be  about   13  or  1400. 

The  parifli  regifter  for  i  o  years  pall  flood  thus  : 


Bi 

Males. 

jricd. 

Females, 

Total. 

Married. 

Couplet. 

Chriftened. 
Males.          Females. 

TotaU 

I75I 

9 

15 

24 

8 

22 

20 

42 

1 

22 

18 

40 

13 

14 

25 

37 

3 

9 

10 

19 

17 

19 

is 

44 

4 

10 

13 

23 

8 

24 

16 

40 

5 

8 

14 

22 

9 

12 

22 

34 

6 

13 

16 

29 

9 

24 

22 

46 

7 

17 

12 

29 

4 

17 

20 

37 

8 

14 

24 

38 

II 

21 

23 

44 

9 

1760 

13 
5 

9 

13 

22 
18 

15 
8 

24 

27 

20 

22 

44 
49 

Mr. 


14  HOLTHEAI>. 

Mr.  William  Morris,  the  comptroller,  has  a  fmall  well-chofeii 
colle<51:ion  of  ores,  minerals,  formed  Hones,  and  other  foflils. 
He  is  alfo  well  fkilled  in  botany,  and  moft  branches  of  natural 
knowledge,  of  whofe  colledions  I  may  probably  give  fome  ac- 
count hereafter.  The  MSS.  have  been,  already  mentioned  in 
p.  lO. 

N.  B.  When  I  fay  that  no  corn  is  fold  at  Holyhead  market,  it 
muft  be  underftood  that  it  is  bought  up  here,  and  in  moft  other 
places  in  Anglefea,  for  exportation,  in  their  own  granaries,  by 
perfons  commiffioned  by  feveral  cornfadtors  for  that  purpofe,. 


NOTES 


HOLYHEAI).  15 

NOTES    communicated   by   a   CorrcTpondent,    who    vifited 

Holyhead    1770. 

An  arm  of  the  fea  divides  Holyhead  from  the  reft  of  Anglefea, 
but  except  in  very  high  tides  is  generally  paffable.  At  the  end 
of  the  fand  and  tide  road  is  a  very  long  ftone  bridge,  called  Rbyd 
Pont.,  with  a  clufter  of  houfes.  Small  veffels  come  up  hither. 
A  little  further  on  a  little  hill  is  the  fliell  of  a  ruined  chapel,  called 
Cafel  St.  Fraid,  of  which  the  people  can  give  no  other  account, 
-except  that  ftone  coffins  and  human  bones  had  been  dug  up  in  it 
within  memory.  The  top  of  the  hill  is  walled  round  for  a  bury- 
ing place  to  it.  In  Speed's  map  it  makes  a  figure.  In  later  ones 
it  is  fpelt  Llanfanfryd^  now  Rofcoll. 

About  three  quarters  of  a  mile  North  of  it,  on  thehills  that  over- 
look Holyhead,  are  remains  of  a  double  Cromlech,  which  feems 
to  have  been  confiderable,  and  ftands  in  the  fame  dire6lion  with 
the  others  in  the  ifland  at  Plafnewydd  and  Boddedern.  It  is  called 
'Trechen  tre  rechthro.  The  tradition  about  it  is,  that  a  very  pro- 
fligate debauchee,  owner  of  I'rergo-iv  and  Pentros,  committed  the 
greateft  excelFes  at  thefe  ftones  with  his  miftreftes,  and  at  laft,  in. 
a  fit  of  rage  and  paffion,  murdered  them  there.  For  this  adliori 
he  was  obliged  to  fl[y,  and  died  in  obfcurity  and  exile,  having  con- 
fumed  his  eftate,  and  fuffered  it  to  wafte  by  his  negled:  and  ab- 
fence.  In  a  field  below  thefe,  to  the  Weft,  is  a  fingle  pillar  of 
one  ftone,  terminating  almoft  in  a  point,  and  about  three  yards 
high. 

From  this  hill  appears  the  ifland  of  Skerries,  with  a  lighthoufe. 
This  ifland  is  about  three  leagues  N.  N.  W.  of  Holyhead,  and 
half  a  league  from  the  main  land.  It  is  called  in  old  Britifli  MSS. 
Tnit  y  Moelrboniad,  from  the  great  number  of  feals  feen  about  it. 
It  once  belonged  to  the  fee  of  Bangor,  and  being  imjuftly  de- 
tained by  Henry  VIII.  was  recovered  by  bifliop  Denys  with  a 

party 


i6  HOLYHEAD; 

party  of  fokliers.  The  lightlioufe  on  it  was  creeled  firft  by  a 
private  gentleman  by  patent;  but  after  the  expiration  of  the 
term,  an  adt  of  parhament  paiTed  1730,  fubje6fing  every  Britiflx 
veffel  to  a  duty  of  id. per  ton,  and  every  foreign  id.  The  hght- 
honfe  may  be  {ccn  eight  or  ten  leagues  off,  and  is  of  infinite 
fervice  to  navigation  ;  for  before  its  erection  fcarce  a  winter  paff- 
ed  without  a  Ihipwreck  and  lofs  of  lives  ;  for  the  furge  beats 
againft  it  with  incredible  fury,  and  often  prevents  any  commu- 
nication with  the  lightmen  for  fomc  weeks.  Pufiins  refort  to  this 
place  in  great  plenty,  coming  and  departing  in  one  flock  in  one 
night.  Here  is  alio  plenty  of  fifli,  as  whitings,  pollocks,  &c. 
and  in  fummer  time  blackings  or  cole  fifh,  which  the  fifliermeir 
frequently  take  up  with  baflcets  as  they  pals  by*. 

Holyhead,  fo  called  from  the  mountain  at  the  back  of  it, 
about  one  mile  and  a  half  diftant,  and  a  mile  of  perpendicular  af- 
cent,  is  named  by  the  Welih  Caergybi,  or  the  CajUe^  or  City  of 
SL  Klbi.  It  is  little  more  than  a  fifhing  town,  rendered  confl'^ 
derable  by  being  the  place  of  general  paffage  to  Ireland,  few  per- 
fons  except  the  troops,  and  thofe  connected  with  them,  going  by- 
Park  Gate.  Here  are  three  good  inns,  the  Eagle  and  Child  or 
the  Englifli  houfe,  the  Welfli  Head  or  Irilli  houfe,  kept  by  the 
widow  Arthur,  and  remarkably  neat,  and  lord  Bolfon's  arms  or 
the  Welfli  houfe.  Thefe  houfes,  though  by  the  names  they  feem. 
to  be  appropriated  to  particular  people,  divide  the  bulinefs  between 
them,  efpccially  the  two  firft.  The  tide  comes  dole  up  to  the 
houfes,  and  frequently  overflows  the  parapet.  Six  packets  at- 
tend in  the  harbour,  and  go  every  day  in  the  week  except 
Thurfdays,  and  return  the  next  day.  This  palTage  is  performed 
ut  an  average  in  about  i  2  hours,  for  which  paffengers  pay  half  a 
guinea  ;  the  fliorteft  palTage  has  been  fix  hours..  All  the  bread' 
lifed  here  comes  from.  Dublin,    1 3  fix-penny  loaves  to  the  dozen, 

*  Hid.  of  Anglefea,   1775,  410.  p.  39,  40. 

and. 


HOLYHEAD.  17 

and  a  fupply  has  frequently  been  wanting  for  a  week  in  bad 
weather.  Here  is  no  frefli  water  in  the  village,  except  from 
rain.  A  bath  and  aflembly  room  were  ere6ling  1770,  in  hopes 
of  alluring  company  from  h'eland. 

Near  the  extremity  of  the  village  ftands  the  church,  in  which 
St.  Kebius  founded,  A.  D.  380,  a  fmall  monailery.  He  was  fon 
of  a  duke  of  Cornwall,  and  pupil  to  Hilary  bifliop  of  Poitiers, 
with  whom  he  lived  50  years;  and  being  then  confecrated  a 
billiop  for  his  diftinguiflied  zeal  againft  Arianifin,  he  fettled 
here,   and  gave  the  name  of  his  mailer  to  Hilary  Point'*. 

His  monaftery  was  fucceeded  by  a  cell  of  prebendaries,  found- 
ed by  one  of  the  lords  of  Anglefea  in  the  beginning  of  the  twelfth 
century,  certainly  before  i  291,  when  there  was  a  provoflt,  two 
chaplains,  and  a  fourth  perfon;};.  Edward  III.  1327,  gave  the 
provoftfliip  of  his  free  chapel  at  Caji/e  Cube^  in  Eangor  diocefe, 
to  his  chaplain,  Thomas  de  London  §.  Biihop  Tanner  miftakes 
Newcourt's  words  here,  as  if  this  chapel  was  "  in  the  cajlle  of  this 
*'  place,"  for  then  the  whole  town  muft  have  been  a  caftle  ;  but 
the  bifliop  makes  the  fame  miftake  about  the  cathedral  at  Old 
Sarumll,  fuppoling  it  to  he  within  the  caflle  ;  whereas  Leland** 
exprefsly  fays  it  was  '<  in  the  Weil  part  of  the  town,"  and  Mat- 
thew Paris  ft,  "  c<7/?ro  comitis  vicina.""  Wikes:|;|  calls  it  "  ec- 
"  clefiam  caftri  veteris  Sarefbery,"  and  Malmefbury§§  fays  it  was 
in  a  caftle  like  a  city.  In  the  chapter  adls  of  bifliop  Ofmund, 
about  the  time  of  its  tranllation,  it  is  faid  to  be  regia  munitionis 
ainbitu  circumfcripia\\\\;  but  the  bifliop's  and  canons  houles 
were  not  within  (imra),   but  below  (inira)  the  caftle '••■"•'•'"='■■. 

But  to  return  :  The  church  at  Holyhead  is  built  in  form  of  a 
crofs,   with  an  embattled  tower  at  the  Weft  end,   and   a  South 

*  Fuller,  Church  Hi  ft.  p.  26.  j  Lincoln  Taxation,  in  Willis  Cath.  20t. 

X  Tanner  calls  him  the  Penckcs.  §  Newcourt,  Repcrt.  I.  453.         ||  P.  59J. 

**  Itin.  III.  61.  W  Sub  anno  1257.                               U  i'-^^. 

f^  De  geft.  Pontif.  II.  142.  b.  j|li  Wilkins,  Concil.  I.  5  1. 
***  Pat.  5   E.  IIL  p.  I.  m.  2. 

D  porch. 


i8 


H        O 


H 


D. 


porch.  The  account  under  Buck's  view  of  it  fays,  it  was  rebuilt 
in  orfoon  after  the  time  of  Edward  III.  The  nave  has  two  ailes; 
the  chancel  is  mean.  The  battlements  of  the  tranfepts  are 
adorned  with  reliefs  ;  thofe  on  the  North  fide  defaced.  On  the 
South  are  a  dragon,  with  a  head  at  each  end ;  a  man  driving  a 
cow  or  afs,  an  angel  above,  two  men  over  two  lions  feiaiit,  a  tree 
between  the  lions  ;  in  the  center  the  head  of  the  deity  and  two 
figures  kneeling  ;  above  the  head  traces  of  an  infcription  in  two 
lines.  Two  lions  paffant  guardant  fupport  a  iliield  with  a  plain 
crofs  ;  a  mitred  head,  probably  St.  Kebi's,  between  four  rofes. 
A  fafcia  of  quatrefoils  ranges  under  thefe  reliefs.  A  winged 
beaft  fits  on  the  battlements.  On  the  North  tranfept  is  this 
^nfcription: 


^((\pffi  112  s 


The  remains  on  the  other  fide  feem  to  be  the  fame  repeated.. 


.•../^9](. 


Over  the  South  door  is  a  figure  of  the  Deity,  with  the  cruci- 
fix between  his  knees.  Two  lliields  charged  with  a  chevron  be- 
tween three  Cornifli  choup-hs,  differing  but  little  from  thofe  of 
Llowarch  ap  Bran,  who  is  faid  to  have  founded  two  canonries 
here*.  In  the  chancel  14  ftalls.  Among  the  figures  carved 
on  their  feats  are  an  elephant  and  caftle,   and  two  hons  and  tree 

*  Hid.  of  Anglefea,  p.  37. 

as 


HOLYHEAD.  19 

as  on  the  battlement ;  a  figure  of  the  Deity  or  Atlas  ;  two  lions 
holding  a  tower,  and  a  pelican. 

In  the  North  window  thefe  fragments : 

*■■-  timxi  C0 

- '  =  -  oticq' 

In  a  window  of  the  South  aile,   O  3  piles  G. 

The  fchool  on  the  South  lide  of  the  church-yard  may  occupy 
the  fite  of  the  monaftery.  It  has  an  arch  in  the  Eaft  end,  and 
a  large  piece  of  wall  is  continued  from  it  to  the  South.  The 
walls  of  the  church -yard  are  folidly  built  of  Hone,  difpofed 
in  the  herring-bone  fafliion,  with  layers  of  flat  ftones  ;  and  at 
the  North  Eaif  corner,  next  the  fea,  are  remains  of  a  round 
tower.  The  account  under  Buck's  print  fays,  thefe  walls  are  re- 
mains of  a  Britilli  fortification,  built  by  Cafwallan  Lawhire,  lord 
of  Anglefea.      They  may  be  Roman  work. 

In  the  church-yard  is  a  (lone  for  Chriftian  Sweetman,  chandler, 
of  Dublin,  drowned  in  the  Trevor  packet  1763  ;  the  fliip  being 
unable  to  get  up  higher,  run  on  the  fand  juft  off  the  Eagle 
and  Child,   and  this  only  perfon  was  loit  in  getting  afliore. 

A  packet  boat  was  building  in  Holyhead  bay,  which  is  the 
name  of  the  harbour.  Under  the  mountain  that  overhane;s  the 
town,  and  is  properly  called  'the  Head,  is  a  large  cavern  in  the 
rock,  fupported  by  natural  pillars,  called  The  Par/iafjient  Honfe. 
It  is  acceihble  only  by  boats,   and  the  tide  runs  into  it. 

Two  rocks,  with  ruins  on  them,  oppofite  the  church,  have 
the  names  of  Tnis  GyZ*/ and  Tnis  Rug. 

The  turnpike  road  from  Portathwy  to  Holyhead,  26  miles,  is 
very  ill  kept  for  the  firil  five  miles,  being  pitched  with  great 
flones,  but  fuffered  to  lie  in  great  holes.  The  beii:  part  is  that 
between  Gwinde  and  Holyhead,  13  miles.  The  defcent  to  the 
ferry-houfe  is  execiably  rough  and  dirty  ;  yet  here  are  two  toll- 
gates  pn  this  road,   and  one  would  think  trafTick  lufTicicnt. 

X>  2  Mr. 


ao  HOLYHEAD. 


Mr.  Pennant  giv^es  the  following  account  of  Holyhead  *. 

*'  The  country  from  Porth-althwy  to  Holyhead  (25  miles)  is 
dreary,  woodlefs,  hedgelefs,  rifmg  into  fmall  hills,  watered  with 
numberlefs  rills,   and  fertile  in  grafs  and  corn. 

*'  From  Carreg  Lwyd  I  rode  to  Holyhead,  about  eleven  or 
twelve  miles  diilant.  PalTed  by  Llanfachreth  and  Llanynghenedl 
to  Rhyd-Pont  bridge,  where  a  very  fmall  river-like  channel  in- 
fulates  the  great  promontory.  Go  over  Towyn  y  Capel,  a  low 
fandy  common,  bounded  on  one  fide  by  rocks,  which  in  high 
winds  the  fea  breaks  over  in  a  mofl  aweful  and  ftupendous  man- 
ner, and  are  JLiftly  dreaded  by  mariners.  In  the  middle  of  the 
common  is  an  artificial  mount,  on  which  are  the  ruins  of  Capel 
St.  Ffraid.  I  have  no  doubt  but  that,  prior  to  the  chapel,  it  had 
been  the  fite  of  a  fmall  fort ;  for  I  never  faw  artificial  elevations 
given  to  any  but  works  of  a  military  kind.  This  common 
abounds  with  the  fliells  called  the  fasciated  wreath,  Br.  Zoo/. 
IV.   N°  119;   and  the  zoned  snail,   N°  133. 

"  Not  far  from  hence,  between  Bodier  and  Rhyd-Pont,  in 
Rhoferlyn  parifli,  is  a  foffil  not  frequently  found.  A  green 
amianthus,  or  brittle  afbefiosi,   is  met  with  in  great  plenty,   in. 

*  Tour  In  Wales,  11.   241.   275 — 279. 

f  "  The  ancients  fet  a  high  value  on  the  Afbeflos,  a  price  equal  to  that  of  pearls. 
They  wove  napkins  of  ir,  and  at  great  feafts  diverted  themfelves  (in  order  to  clean: 
ihem)  to  fling  them  into  the  fire,  from  which  they  returned  unhurt,  and  with  im- 
proved luflrc.  They  likewife  made  of  it  flirouds  for  the  bodies  of  great  men,  before- 
they  were  placed  in  the  funeral  })ile,  and  by  that  means  prefervcd  their  aibes  pure 
from  thofe  of  the  wood.  The  ancients  believed  that  it  was  found  only  in  India,  in 
places  where  fhowers  never  fell,  and  the  refidence  of  dire  ferpents."  Pennant, 
lb.  p,  275,  fiomPliny,  Nat.  Hifl.  lib.  xix,  c.  i. 

c  a  ijreeii 


HOLYHEAD. 


21 


a  green  marble,  limilar  to  that  at  Monach-ty  ;  bar,  by  reafon  of 
the  inflexible  quality  of  its  fibres,  not  applicable  to  the  fiime 
ufes. 

*'  Within  two  miles  of  Towyn  y  Capel  is  the  town  of  Holy- 
head, feated  on  a  noted  and  fafe  harbour,  guarded  at  its  mouth 
from  the  winds  by  l^nis  Gvbi — the  illand  of  St.  Gybi,  furnamed 
Corineus,  fon  of  Solomon  duke  of  Cornwall ;  who,  after  fludying. 
fome  years  in  Gaul,  returned  to  Britain,  and  fixed  his  fee  at  the 
place  now  called  Caer  Gybi,  and  Holyhead  *.  In  honour  of  his 
inftruclor,  St.  Hilarius  bilhop  of  Poitiers,  he  bellowed  his  name 
on  one  of  the  headlands ;  the  fame  which  goes  alfo  under  that  of 
St.  iElian's. 

"  The  town  is  fmall,  but  greatly  reforted  to  by  pafiengers  to 
and  from  the  kingdom  of  Ireland;  and  is  the  ftation  of  the  pac- 
quets,  five  of  which  are  in  conftant  employ;  they  are  flout  veflels, 
and  well  manned. 

"  The  church  is  dedicated  to  St.  Gyb'r,  is  an  ancient  firudure, 
embattled,  with  the  infide  of  a  porch  and  the  outfide  of  the 
tranfept  rudely  carved.  On  the  outfide  of  the  laft  is  a  dragon, 
a  man  leading  a  bear  with  a  rope,  and  other  grofs  reprefentations. 
St.  Gybi  is  laid  to  have  founded  a  fmall  monafiery  here,  about 
the  year  3801.  Maelg-wyn  Gwynedd,  who  began  his  reign  about 
the  year  580,  is  faid  to  have  founded  a  college  here]:.  This, 
prince  was  ftyled  Draco  injularis\  perhaps  the  dragon  engraven  on 
the  church  may  allude  to  him.  Others  afiert  that  the  fovmder 
of  this  college  was  Uzvfa  ap  Cynddelw,  lord  of  Llys  Llivon  in 
this  ifland,  and  one  of  the  fifteen  tribes  of  North  Wales,  and 
contemporary  with  Owen  Gwynedd  §.  The  head  of  the  col- 
lerve  was  called  Penclas^  or  Pencolas^  and  was  one  of  the  fpiritual 
lords  of  Anglefey;  the  archdeacon  of  the  ifle  was  one;  the  ab- 
bot of  Penmon  the  other.      The  Latin  title  was  Recior^   as  ap- 

*  CrelTy's  Church  Hift.  149.  f  Tanner,  699.  %  Hill,  of  Anglefey,  29.  §  Tanner,  Ib> 

pears 


22  HOLYHEAD. 

pears  by  the  ancient  feal,  infcribed  "  Sigillum  redtoris  etcapitnli 
"  ecclefice  de  Gaer  Gybi  *."      I  am  not  acquainted  with  the  num- 
ber of  the  prebendaries ;    but  they   were  twelve    at  leaft,  that 
number  being  found  on  the  penfion  hft  in  1558!,   at  i /.  each. 
Before  the  diffohuion,  I  find  that  the  reiSlor,  or  provofl,  for  fo  he 
is  atfo  llyled,  had    39  marks;   one   chaplain  had   11,   and  the 
other  two  the  fame  between  them  I.      The  whole  value,  in  the 
26th  of  Kenry  VIII.  was  eftcemed  at   24/.      The  Englifli  mo- 
narch had   the  gift  of  the   provollifliip.      Edward  III,  beftowed 
what  was  called  the  provolllhip  of  his  free  chapel  of  Caer-Gube, 
on  his  chaplain  Thomas  de  London,  for  which  the  king,  in  1 35 1, 
difpenfcd    with    him    for  his    fervices  to    himfelf§.      James  I.  ^ 
granted  this  college  to  Francis  Morris  and  Francis  Philips.      It  be- 
came afterwards  the  property  of  Rice  Gwynne,   efq.  who  beftow- 
ed on  Jefus  College,  Oxjord,  the  great  tithes,  for  the  maintenance  of 
two  fellows  and  as  many  fcholars  ||  ;   and  fince  that  time  the  pa- 
rifii  is  ferved  by  a  curate  nominated  by  the  college. 

•'  Near  the  church  ftood  in  old  times  a  chapel  called  Eglwys 
y  Bedd,  or  the  church  of  the  Grave;  and  CapelLlany  Gzvyddel)^ 
or  the  chapel  of  the  irifliman.  Sirigi,  a  king  of  the  Irilh  Pidfp, 
invaded  this  country,  and  was  here  flain  by  Cafwallan  Law  Hir, 
or  Cafwallan  the  long-headed,  who  reigned  about  the  year  440**. 
Sirigi  was  canonized  by  his  countrymen,  and  had  in  this  chapel 
a  llirinCj  in  high  repute  for  many  miracles.  This  place  had 
diftindf  revenues  from  the  collegiate  church.  At  length  it  fell 
to  ruin,  and  was  difufed  for  ages.  In  removing  the  rubbifli, 
not  many  years  ago,  a  ilone  coffin  was  found  with  bones  of  a  ftu- 
pendous  lize ;  but  we  muit  not  fuppofe  thefe  to  have  been  the 
reliques  of  Sirigi,  which  had  been  carried  away  by  fome  Irilli 
rovers,  and  dcpofited  in  the  cathedral  of  Chrift  church  in 
Dublin  tt. 

*  Hid.  of  Anglefey,  20.         t  Willis's  Mir,  AbLies,  L  303.  %  Willi.'s 

B:inp,orj  20'.  §  Ncvvcoun's  Repeitorium,  1.  4^^.  ||    fanner,  099.  and 

liiil.  of  Angkfey,  31.         **  Powel,  Titf.  15.         \\  Hid.  of  Angkfey,  34,  35. 

"  The 


/ 


.HOLYHEAD. 


23 


"  The  precindl  of  the  church- yard  claims  a  far  higher  anti- 
quity than  the  church.  It  is  a  fquare  of  220  feet  by  130.  Three 
lides  are  ftony  walls,  17  feet  high,  and  6  feet  thick;  the  fouth 
iide  is  open  to  the  precipitous  rocks  of  the  harbour,  and  never 
had  been  walled,  being  intended  for  fliips  to  retire  to,  and  re- 
ceive the  benefit  of  protecStion  from  this  inclofnre.  At  each 
corner  of  the  wall  is  an  oval  tower.  The  mafonry  of  the  whole 
is  evidently  Roman;  the  mortar  very  hard,  and  mixed  with 
much  coarfe  pebble.  Along  the  walls  are  two  rows  of  round 
holes,  about  four  inches  in  diameter,  which  penetrate  them. 
They  are  in  all  refpedts  like  thofe  at  Segontium  or  Caei'  Segont  [de- 
fcribed  by  Mr.  Pennant  in  p.  220],   and  nicely  plaiitered  within. 

"  The  ufe  of  this  harbour  to  the  Komans  in  the  paffage  from 
various  })laces  to  the  ports  of  Lancafliire  and  that  of  Chefter  is 
very  evident.  They  could  not  find  a  better  place  to  run  into,  in 
Cafe  of  hard  w-eather,  than  this,  as  it  projeded  fartheft  into  the 
Vergivian  fea  ;  fo  that  they  could  make  it  with  lefs  danger  of  be- 
ing embayed  than  in  any  other  place.  If  (as  is  very  probable) 
they  had  commerce  with  Ireland^  no  place  was  better  adapted. 
The  Romans,  it  is  true,  never  made  a  fettlement  in  that  country; 
but  they  certainly  traded  with  it,  even  in  the  time  of  Agricola, 
"  \vhen  its  ports  and  harbours  were  better  known,  from  the 
"  concourfe  of  merchants  for  the  purpofes  of  commerce*." 

*'  I  took  a  walk  from  the  town  to  the  top  of  T'be  Head,  in  fearch 
of  other  antiquities.  In  my  way,  faw  the  ruins  of  Capel  y 
Goilles,  one  of  feveral  which  are  fcattered  about  this  holy  pro- 
montory. On  the  fide  which  I  afcended,  my  courfe  was  inter- 
rupted with  a  huge  dry  wall,  in  many  places  regularly  faced,. 
and  ten  feet  high  in  fome  of  the  moft  entire  parts,  and  furnifhed 
with  an  entrance.  On  the  Pen  y  Gaer  Gybi^  or  the  fummit  of 
the  mountain,   are  foundations  of  a  circular  building,  ftrongly 

*  Tacitus,   vit.  AgricoIs»~ 

cemented 


44  HOLYHEAD. 

cemented  with  the  fame  fort  of  mortar  as  the  fort  in  the  town. 
It  feeras  to  have  been  a  Pharos,  a  neceffary  director  in  thofe  Teas. 

"  From  the  top  of  this  mountain  I  had  a  diftin6t  view  of  Holy- 
head ;  it  being  at  that  time  high  water,  and  the  channel  filled 
on  each  fide  of  Rhyd-Pont  bridge.  The  ifle  is  of  unequal 
breadth,   and  greatly  indented. 

"  The  part  of  the  Head  fronting  the  fea  is  either  an  immenfe 
precipice,  or  hollowed  into  moft  magnificent  caves.  Birds  of 
various  kinds  breed  in  the  rocks ;  among  them  are  Peregrine 
Falcons,  Shags,  Herons,  Razor-bills,  and  Guillemots.  Their 
eggs  are  fought  after  for  food,  and  are  gotten  by  means  of  a  man 
■who  is  lowered  down  by  a  rope  held  by  one  or  more  perfons. 
Within  memory,  the  perfon  let.down,  by  his  weight  overpower- 
ed the  other,  and  pulled  him  down ;  fo  that  both  periflied 
miferably. 

*'  I  returned  over  Rhyd-Pont  bridge,  and  along  the  great  road 
(svhich  is  excellent)  towards  Bangor," 


Extraa 


HOLYHEAD.  s.5 


Extract  from  a  MS.  "  EfTay  on  Hufbandry,  particularly  relating 
*•'  to  the  lUe  of  Anglefea,  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Rowland,  author 
*'  of  Mona  Antiqua,"  4to. 

Of  all  the  fpecies  of  the  calcaricus  or  mineral  kind  of  ftones 
in  this  country,  the  moft  truly  admirable  and  lingular  is  the 
Afniantus  Hone,  whereof  there  is  a  large  vein  or  ftratum  appear- 
ing in  feveral  places  above  ground  in  the  parilli  of  Lanvairyny' 
hornwy,  difcovering  in  the  feams  and  fciffures  of  it  that  flaky 
fubitance  called  by  the  ancients  Afbejiinum^  and  of  late  Salaman- 
der's Wool.  This  ftone  is  highly  mineral,  impregnated  with  a 
great  deal  of  vitriolated  fulphur,  and  with  fome  arfenical  particles, 
as  I  guefled  by  the  colour  and  fmell  of  the  fumes  emitted  in  the 
calcining  of  it. 

This  Amiantus  was  very  precious  in  ancient  times.  PUny* 
defcribes  it,  and  fays  of  it,  7'arum  inventii,  fed  cum  inventum  ejl 
<2quat  pretia  excellentium  mar garit arum,  i.  e.  a  ftone  rarely  to  be 
found,  and  when  found  equals  the  value  of  the  beil  pearls. 
It  was  in  his  time  found  only  in  the  Indies  ;  nafcitur  in  defer tis 
aduftfquefole  IndiiV,  fays  he  of  it ;  though  afterwards  it  was  dif- 
covered  in  fo  plentiful  proportions  in  the  illand  of  Cyprus^  that 
John  Baptifta  Portal  relates,  that  in  his  time,  about  150  years 
-ago,  the  dreffing  and  fpinning  of  the  wool  of  it  was  fo  commonly 
known  and  pradifed,  that  every  old  woman  was  dexterous  in  the 
management  of  it ;  nam  nunc  temporis  (fays  he)  peSlitur  &^  netur 
ab  omni  muliercula  modo  non  ignorato  ut  Fenetiis  vidimus.  That  la- 
nuginous  and  vitriolick  excrefcence  filling  up  the  joints  and  fu- 
tures of  the  rock  when  dextroufly  fcraped  out,  in  every  thing 
refembles  the  pureft  flax,  except  in  the  fliortnefs  and  incom- 
buftiblenefs  of  it.     The  ancient  Romans  had  then  the  art  of  oyl- 

*  Nat.  Hill,  lib.xix.  cap.  i.  f  Magis  Nat.  lib.  iv.  cap.  25. 

E  ing 


i5  HOLYHEAD. 

ing  and  drefling  the  hairy  threads  and  petrified  mucilage  of  this, 
ftone,  and  by  them  that  art  was  probably  invented,  infomuch^ 
that  they  commonly  wove  it  into  cloth,  which  they  ever  cleanfed 
and  purged  from  fmuttinefs  and  foiling  by  a  gentle  burning  of  it. 
The  bodies  of  emperors  and  kings  when  dead  were  fliroiKled 
in  flieets  of  this  linen,   to  be  burnt  in  the  Rogus  or  aromatick  pile,: 
that  their  afhes  might  not  mix  with  the  aQies  of  the  wood  with 
which  they  burnt  them.      Nero  is  reported   to   have   had  linen 
made   of  this  ItufF ;    and    the    emperor    Conftantine    ordained 
that  the  flax  of  it  fliould  ever  burn  in  lamps  in  his  chapel  in 
Rome.      Many  of  the  ancient  fubterraneous  lamps   lately  difco- 
vered  had  their  wicks  of  this  twifted  matter.'     Ludovicus  Vives 
tells  us,  tiiat  he  faw  fomeofthofe  lamps  in  Paris,  whofe  lights 
never  confumed  it;   and  the  Hon.  Mr.  Boyle  gives  the  procefs  of 
making  them.    The  fame  Vives  fays,   that  at  Lorrain^ie  had  feen^ 
a  foul  napkin  taken  from  a  table  at  a  fealf,  and  thrown  into  the 
fire,   and  being  quite  red  as  a  coal,   was  taken  out  again,,  cooled, 
and  reftored  to  the  owner  more  white  than  if  it  had  been  waflied 
with  water  and  foap. 

The  Grand  Seignor  has  frequent  prefents  made  to  him  and  his- 
great  minifters  of  this  linen  from  the  ftone  in  Cyprus  ;   and  for- 
merly the  RomiHi  priefts  had  the  knack  of  gulling  the  people,, 
and   making  good  markets,  by  expofmg  in  their  Dolormn  Ar- 
cbivis  rags  of  this  cloth,   for  our  Saviour's  fwadling  clouts,   not 
to  be  burned  by  any  fire,   as  a  miraculous  and  moll:  facred  relique.- 
The  ft:one  in  itfelf  confifts  of  granules  very  clofely  united  and 
folid,   which  makes  it  take  a  moft  curious  poliih,   and  when  well 
ground  and  poliliied,   appears  dallied  and  fpotted,    and  fome  of 
it  waved  and  undulated  with  lively  colours.      Hafts  for  knives  and 
forks,   heads  for  canes,   and  fuch  little  things  have  been  already 
made  of  it,   which  give   a  refplendent  glare  and  beauty,   if  the 
ftone  be  very  hard  poliflied.     It  is  indeed  pretty  foft  vvhen  it  is 

frefhly 


HOLYHEAD. 


27 


freflily  diflodgcd  from  its  native  quarry ;  but  when  its  mineral 
juice,  and  the  vitrioiick  lubftance  poireiling  its  pores,  are  ex- 
haled by  lying  fome  while  fealoning  in  the  air,  it  will  become  of 
a  moll:  unmanageable  hardnefs,  near  as  hard  as  porphyrv,  the 
jwrticles  of  it  becoming  in  that  feafoning  and  extrufion  of  its  na- 
tural fiiccus  fo  firmly  fixed  and  compacted,  that  no  abrafure  of 
the  moil  clofe  grinding  and  fmoothing  will  be  able  to  diflocate 
and  jok  out  any  of  them,  but  will  remain  Ifrong  and  firm  enough 
to  bear  the  cutting,  which  is  the  true  realbn  of  all  fuperficial 
lufire  and  polifli,  and  on  that  account  I  take  it  the  belf  method 
would  be  to  form  and  fliape  the  ifone  even  in  the  quarry, 
or  very  quickly  after  it  is  taken  out,  to  what  figure  and  pro- 
portion it  will  be  intended  for,  giving  it  at  that  time  a  coarfe  po- 
lifh,  and  then,  after  a  year's  hardening  in  the  wind  and  air,  to 
afibrd  it  a  laft  and  finifiied  fliroke,  which  at  that  time  would  be 
choice  and  luitrous  if  the  polilliit  is  capable  of  be  truly  given  it. 
Probably  the  deeper  they  dig  for  this  fl:one  the  broader  and 
larger  they  would  find  the  woolly  veins,  affording  longer  and 
more  flexible  wool  (the  flaxy  fibres  lying  crofs  the  feams  and 
joints) ;  and  not  only  that,  but  the  larger  alfo  they  will  be  like  to 
find  the  medullary  and  folid  part  of  the  ftone  to  be  fawed  or  chiz- 
zeled  to  any  figure,  and  if  pieces  of  it  be  to  be  taken  up,  without 
cracks  or  flaws,  of  five  or  fix  feet  diameter,  as  it  is  very  probable 
there  may,  and  a  fiiiall  expence  will  difcover  it,  the  various  ufes 
of  it  for  mantle  pieces,  fepulchral  monuments,  altars,  infcrip- 
tion  tablets ;  or  if  it  cuts  into  pieces  of  a  foot  diameter,  the  form- 
ing of  it  into  thin  plates  like  our  Dutch  tiles,  fo  jointed  and  ce- 
mented with  its  own  dufl:  into  larger  fuperficies,  for  inlaying 
and  facing  of  chimneys,  &c.  or  laftly  into  lefl"er  dimenfions,  to 
afford  a  hundred  little  knacks  which  an  inoenious  artiit  would 
form  it  into  ;  all  which,  with  the  natural  firmnefs  and  beauty- 
it  pofieffes,  and  it  lying  fo  near  the  fea  too,  may  render  it  a  quar- 

E  2  ry 


2S  HOLYHEAD. 

ry  of  confiderable  value  ;  and  if  the  laniferous  Teams  of  thfs> 
ftone  will  be  found  to  be  a  full  inch  broad,  whereby  the  flaky 
threads  may  be  of  that  length,  and  I  have  been  told  that  there- 
have  been  difcovercd  already  fome  more  than  half  an  inch,  I 
doubt  not  of  a  cheap  and  eafy  way  to  dreis,  fpin,  and  weave  it 
to  equally  as  fine  and  durable  cloth  or  linen  as  that  of  Cyprus,, 
which  would  make  i^  one  of  the  celebrateil  quarries  in  Europe. 

Who  it  was  that  firft  dilcovered   the  rarity  of  this  ftone,   or 
what  time  it  was   firft  obferved  in  this  iiland*,   no   enquiry  of 
mine  could  ever   obtain  fatisfadlion.     As  the  thing  is  fomewhat 
rare  and  remarkable,   fo  the  name  of  the  perfon  who   firft   hit 
upon  it,   whether  out  of  curiofity  or  chance,   if  we  know  who  he- 
was,   well  deferves  to  be  at  leaft  remembered.      AIT  I  could  under- 
f!andofthis  particular  is,   that  about  the  year   1655,   a   certain 
perfon  faw  a  fmall  fragment  of  that  ftone  at  the  houfe  of  the- 
widow  of  Mr.  John  Griffith,   the  reitor  of  Lanvaethley,   in  this 
ifland,   where  fome  flakes  of  the  wool  were  then  fcrapcd  out  and~ 
fhewnhim;   but  that  it  was  difcovered  fome  years  before  that 
time,  I  have  reafon  to  believe,  particularly  from  a  relation  given  by 
Mr.  William  Leybou7'n,  publiflied  in  his  "  Magnetical  Recreations," 
p.  7,   wiio  there  afTerts,  that  being  in  a  tavern  in  London  with, 
fome  gentlemen  about  the  year  1648  or  1649,  one  of  the  com- 
pany took  out  of  his  pocket  a  piece  of  a  kind  of  ftone,   about  the- 
bignefs  of  a  walnut ;   the  outfide  thereof  was  of  a  dirty  earthy 
colour,   but  the  infide  of  a  bright  afli  colour,   not  much  unlike- 
fteel  when  a  bar  of  it  is  new  broken  ;   off'theinfide  of  this  piece- 
of  ftone  feveral  of  the  company,   myfelf  for  one  (fays  he),  did 
with  our  knives  fcrape  off  a  kind  of  woolly  foft  flax,   and  putting- 
it  in  the  candle  there  burning,  it  immediately  became  red  hot,  but 

*  It  feemsthe  ancient  Brirains  had  fome  knowlege  of  this  flone,  for  they  call  it 
Macn  YJlincs,  and  Uracl,  the  linen  they  made  of  the  wool  of  it.  See  Davics'  Diaiona- 
ry,  in  the  word  UraeL 

no 


M        O        L        Y         H        E        A        D. 


29 


no'  way  confumed  or   diminifliecl,   but  came  off  the  fire  white, 
whereas  it  was  in  the  ftone  of  a  bright  afh  colour. 

Now  that  this  was  a  piece  of  this  very  iione  which  we  have  in 
the  Hie  of  Anglefea,  and  of  which  I  am  now  treating,  I  think  to 
any  who  has  feen  the  ftone,  and  will  compare  it  with  the  defcrip- 
tion  given  by  the  now  mentioned  author,  there  will  be  little  room 
to  doubt  ;  fo  that  it  fliould  feem,  that  much  about  this  time 
mentioned  by  Mr.  Leybourn,  our  Amiantus ftone  came  to  be  firft 
difplayed  to  open  view,  but  by  whom  I  am  forry  I  cannot  fay  ; 
but  to  guefs,  give  me  leave  to  fay,  that  there  were  then  living  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  that  place  feveral  gentlemen  of  choice 
parts,  and  of  curious  judgement  and  penetration :  Colonel  Robin- 
fon,  on  whofe  land  the  rock  lay  ;  and  Dr.  William  Griffith,  chan- 
cellor both  of  Bangor  and  St.  Afaph  diocefes  ;  and  Mr.  John  Grif- 
fith, reiftor  of  Llanvaethley,  the  latter's  brother,  in  whofe  houfe 
a  piece  of  this  ftone  was  feen,  as  I  mentioned  ;  any  of  whom  upon 
the  firft  fight  of  the  fcraped  flaky  veins  of  the  ftone,  which  either 
by  quarrying  for  building,  or  finking  for  limeftone,  might  be 
eafily  difcovered,  could  from  the  defcription  given  by  Pliny  and 
other  authors,  foon  determine  it  to  be  AJbeJimum,  linum  vhunjy 
or  Salamander's  wool.  Some  fpecimens  of  it  have  been,  about  the 
year  1668  or  1669,  fent  to  a  gentleman  of  the  Royal  Society, 
who  fhewed  it  as  an  extraordinary  rarity  of  this  kingdom,  at 
Grediam  College.  It  exadly  anfwered  the  trials  of  the  true  Af- 
bejlinum  ;  but  feing  that  what  was  fent  up  of  it  was  of  the 
fmalleft  veins,  promifcuoufly  gathered  up  without  care  or  choice, 
it  only  ferved  to  be  i^afted  into  a  fort  of  paper,  whereof  feveral 
pieces  were  made,  rather  for  curiofity  than  ufe;  though  fome  of 
the  nobility,  I  was  told,  put  a  higher  value  ujxjn  it,  and  wore  it  in 
their  rings  for  fome  little  time,  as  a  fmgularity  of  this  kingdom, 
fcarce  to  be  fampled  with  the  like  in  any  of  the  weftern  parts  of 

Europe*. 


30  HOLYHEAD. 

Europe.      Mr.  Edward  Lluyd,  of  Oxford,  has   fiiice  then  given 
a  particular  account  of  it  ■••. 

As  to  the  ftone  itfelf,  the  extraordinary  nitor  and  poUlh  of  it 
vas,  in  the  year  1700,  firft  obferved  and  experimented  by  one 
Edivard  Jones,  fervant  of  Mr.  John  0\ven  of  Pryfaddved ;  and 
loon  after  furtlier  trials  have  been  made  at  the  charge  and  by  the 
direction  of  Mr.  Pierce  Lluyd  of  Lanedan,  by  a  llone-polilher  of 
Shrewfbury ;  and  indeed  it  were  to  be  \\  iflied  that  the  worthy- 
gentleman  who  is  proprietor  of  the  land  (Mr.  Robinfon  of  Ma- 
nachdy)  on  which  this  itone  lies,  and  difplays  itfelf,  would  be 
pleafed  to  lay  out  lome  fmall  matter  to  make  deeper  fearches  into 
the  body  of  it ;  for  if  the  incombuitible  wool  anfwers  not  the  de- 
Jired  effe6l,  yet  the  abovemontioned  experimented  quality  of  the 
Hone,  if  it  be  found  in  pretty  large  compa6t  lumps,  as  I  faid  be- 
fore, to  be  cut  and  modelled  into  particular  riles,  or  even  to  make 
little  knacks,  which  it  is  already  found  to  do,  of  fmgular  ele- 
gance and  beauty,  is  more  than  enough  to  perfuade  and  invite  to 
a  farther  fcrutiny.  But  how  have  1  ftrayed  from  my  purpofed 
fcope !  What  is  all  this,  will  fome  one  fay,  to  agriculture's  im- 
provement? I  anfwer,  it  is  nothing  at  all ;  yet  I  reckon  this  ftone, 
which  has  taken  up  more  than  its  fliare  of  this  prefatory  difcourfe, 
to  be  2i /pedes  of  the  calcarious  kind,  which  is  a  part  of  the  fub- 
jedtof  it;  and  I  hope  the  ufefulnefs  and  juftice  of  the  remark 
(for  the  finders  as  well  as  the  time  of  firft  finding  of  things  that 
are  rare  and  obfervable  juftly  deferve  to  be  celebrated^  M'ill  fuf- 
ficiently  atone  for  the  incongruity  of  the  digrefliion. 

*  Philof.  Tranfaft.  N"  166,  p.  823,  fubjoinedto  this  extra£l. 


An 


HOLYHEAD. 


3« 


An  account  of  a  fort  of  Paper  made  of  Liniim  AJbeJllmmi^  found 
in  Wales,  in  a  letter  from  Edward  Lluyd,  of  Jefus  College, 
Oxon.     Printed  in  the  Phil.  Tranf.  N°  i66,  \).  823,    824. 

*'  In  obedience  to  your  command,   I  have  here  fent  you  all  the 
account  I  am  able  to  give  at  prefeut  of  the  Lapis  Amianthus  or 
Linum  f affile  AJbeftinum,  which  you  were  informed  (and    that 
truly)  was  to  be  found  in  the  Ule  of  Anglefey;   wherein  I  fliall 
chule  to  refer  it  to  your  own  judgement  to  determine  whether  this 
be  the  fame  kind  with  the  Aibeftos  of  the  ancients,  or  in  fome 
refpedts  different  from  it ;   nor  fliall  I  mention   any  thing  out  of 
authors  relating  to  it,   well  knowing  that  would  prove  but  need- 
lefs  to  you,   as  being  not  unacquainted   with  whatever  has  been 
faid  of  it,  but  fhall  only  give  you  fome  bare  informations  of  it 
from  my  own  experience.      It  is  found  in  no  fmall  quantity  in  the 
parifli  of  Llan-Fain  yng  Hornfey,  in  the  northern  part  of  An  - 
glefey,  where  it  runs  in  veins  through  a  rock  of  ftone,  in  hard- 
nefs  and  colour  not  unlike  flint.      Thefe  veins  are  generally  about 
a  quarter  of  an  inch  deep^  which  is  the  length  of  the  Amianthu?, 
and  it  is  feldom  longer,  but  often  fliorter.     It  is  compofed  of  a 
lanuginous  matter,   exactly  refembling  that  of  papous  plants,  but 
fo  clofely  compad;  that  till  you  draw  a  pin  or  any  fuch  fliarp 
thing  crofs  the  grain  of  it,   it  appears  only  a  lliining  Hone,  there 
being  not  the  leaft  filament  of  lint  to  be  perceived  in  it.      In  its 
natural  form  fome  of  it  looks  whitifh  and  fome  ftraw  coloured,, 
but  all  fliining ;  but  if  pounded  in  a  mortar,  the  brightnefs  dif- 
appears,   and  the  whole  becomes  whitilli.      Note  that  above  and 
beneath  the  veins  there  is  a  very  thin  feptum  of  terrene  matter 
between  the  Amiantus  and  the  ftone  whereto  it  adheres.     I  put  a 
fmall  quantity  of  the  lint  in  the  fire,   which  grew  red  hot,   but 
though  it  remained  there  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  I  could  not  per- 
^  ceive 


3%  HOLYHEAD. 

ceive  that  it  was  any  thing  confumed.  I  twifted  alfo  fome  of  it 
in  form  of  a  wick,  as  you  had  done  that  of  Cyprus  before,  and 
dipping  it  into  oil,  it  gave  as  good  a  flame  as  other  wicks  till  the 
oil  was  confumed,  the  wick  remaining  in  the  fame  proportion  as 
at  iiril.  Being  fatisfied  it  was  incombuflible,  and  inlirudted  by 
one  of  your  chemical  lecftures  in  the  natural  hiflory  fchool,  that 
paper  had  and  might  be  made  of  it,  I  refolved  to  try  whether  any 
could  be  made  of  this,  which  if  not  ulcful,  might  at  leaft  prove 
furprizing  to  fuch  as  knew  not  the  material  of  it,  by  its  not  yield- 
ing to  the  fire  ;  to  which  end  I  pounded  fome  quantity  of  it  in  a 
ftone  mortar,  till  it  became. a  downy  fubftance,  and  feemed  very 
•fit  for  that  purpofe ;  then  I  fifted  it  through  a  fine  ftarce,  by 
which  means  I  purged  it  indifferent  well  from  its  terrene  parts  ; 
for  what  earth  or  flones  I  could  not  pick  out  of  it  before,  or  at 
the  pounding,  being  reduced  to  a  powder,  came  through  the 
learce,  the  Linum  remaining.  Having  thus  pounded  it  and 
cleanfed  it,  I  brought  it  to  the  paper  mill,  and  putting  it  in 
w^ater  in  a  veffel  jull  capacious  enough"  to  make  paper  with  fuch  a 
quantity,  I  itirrcd  it  pretty  much,  and  defired  the  workmen  to 
proceed  in  their  ufual  method  of  making  paper,  with  their  writ- 
ing paper  mould,  only  to  ilir  it  about  ever  before  they  put  their 
mould  in  ;  confidering  it  as  a  more  ponderous  fubftance  than 
what  they  ufed,  and  that  confequently  if  not  immediately  taken 
Tip  after  it  was  agitated,  it  would  fubfide.  Paper  made  of  it  proved 
very  coarfe  and  too  apt  to  tear,  whereof  1  have  fent  you  a  flieet. 
But  this  being  the  fwd  trial,  I  have  Ibme  reafon  to  believe  it  may 
b€  much  improved  ;  nor  did  the  workmen  doubt  but  in  cafe  it 
were  pounded  in  one  of  their  mortars  for  20  hours  fpace,  it  would 
make  good  writing  paper,  which  when  I  fliall  receive  a  fufficicat 
quantity  of  it,  I  defign  to  try ;  in  the  meanwhile  be  pleafed  to 
accept  of  this  fuperficial  account  of  it,  in  token  of  gratitude, 
from  your  molt  obliged  fervant,  E.  Lluyd. 

Near 


H 


O 


II 


A 


D. 


00 


Near  the  fmall  harbour  of  Cernlyn^  in  the  parilh  of  Lau" 
fairyngbornzvy,  is  a  remarkable  quarry  of  the  lanuginous  mi- 
neral called  Afbeftos^  from  a  fuppofition  of  it  having  the  property" 
of  refifting  fire  ;  but  upon  feveral  trials  made  it  was  found  to 
diminifli  materially  each  time.  We  are  told  indeed  by  Pliny, 
that  the  ancients  wove  it  into  a  cloth,  which  v/henever  ftained 
or  any  way  become  dirty,  was  put  into  the  fire,  and  when  taken 
out  was  rendered  more  clean  than  ever*. 

*  Hift.  of  Anglefea,  ubi  flip.  p.  53. 


HOLY        II        E        A        D, 


Defcription  of  the  Anglesey  Coinage. 

THE  Copper  Token,  as  it  may  be  called,  in  imitation  of 
thofe  llruck  in  the  laft  century  for  the  like  pwrpofe  (one  of 
which,  ilTued  at  Holyhead^  by  Hugh  Davis ^  1666,  is  here  copiecb^ 
fig.  i),  was  coined  in  Birmingham^  for  the  ufe  of  the  great  copper 
mine  in  the  Ifle  of  Anglefey,  called  Paris  Mountain,  they  not 
being  able  to  procure  good  halfpence  for  the  payment  of  their 
labourers. 

On  one  fide  (fee  fig.  2)  is  a  Druid's  head  within  -3  border  of 
oak  leaves,  alluding  to  the  ancient  relidence  of  the  Druids  in 
that  ifland. 

On  the  reverfe,  the  cypher  P.  M,  C.  fignifics  the  Paris 
Mountain  Company  \  and  the  letter  d,  incLofing  the  numeral  i- 
over  it,  one  penny > 

F   2  UndeE 


36  HOLYHEAD. 

Under  the  cypher  is  the  year  1787.    Round  the  cypher  is  read, 

AVE  PROMISE  TO  PAY  THE  BEARER.  ONE  PENNY; 

.and  round  the  edgCy 

ON    DEMAND    IN  LONDON,   LIVERPOOL,   ANGLESEY; 

the  Company  having  eftabhdied  bankers  in  thofe  places. 

This  token  was  Icarcely  iffued,  when  it  was  thought  worth 
while  to  counterfeit  it ;  which  has  been  done  by  fome  able  artift, 
as  may  be  feen  by  an  infpedion  of  the  plate,  7^^.  3,  The  ma- 
terial variations  are,  the  inferiority  of  the  Druid's  buft,  and  of  the 
oaken  foliage;  and  in  the  reverfe  the  i  d.  is  omitted,  and  the 
<iate  placed  at  the  top  inllead  of  the  bottom.  The  whole  reverfe 
is  alfo  turned,  in  the  counterfeit,  the  oppoiite  way  to  the  genuine 
one. 

There  is  alfo  a  Jecond  counterfeit,  nearly  refembling  the 
former;  the  foliage  only  having  fome  flight  variation,  and  the 
dot  placed  over  the  fecond  figure  of  the  date  inJftead  of  the  third ; 
in  other  relpe(5ts  it  is  extremely  limilar  *. 

*  See  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  LVII.  p.  1 160. 


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