■r^lfi^.^
■r^^
7 '- - *jV
^^'
^a^
r^' /7.
t^.r-<^^'
f^y^
\>^^.-^
f^nOc^l
'j^^.
.<Hr^-
r^
1^
^^IC^
' 1
..?^^^
:^!v h^
vV ^ ^7^
., -^ -^r^VrSsK,.
r_rN;v"\
ST^.:9.^)
'^ \ I
^ ■ s"
■^^^
^'?/n^n'
-o.
t,^^
^s
'^m't
■j'Ji^y/
iODAA.4,
?-^ r
^'^
N^- ^^^^
<r^
^^^ •
-c--:^-^.
L
/x t~ ir
m^
7 26 a
Biographical ^nnals
OF THE
CIVIL GOVERNMENT
OF THE
TJN^ITED STATES
glOGRAPHICAL /^NNALS
OP THE
CIVIL GOVERNMENT
OP THE
\
LT^ITED STATES,
DURING ITS FIRST CENTURY
FROM ORIGINAL AND OFFICIAL SOURCES.
BT
CHARLES LANMAN,
Author of the "Dictionajrt of Congress," "Privatb Life of DAinEii Webster," Etc., Etc.
WASHINGTON :
JAMES ANGLIM, PUBLISHER.
1876.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, by 'l
CHARLES LANMAN and JAMES ANGLIM,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
New York ; Lange, Little & Co., Printers.
Nos. 10 to 20 Astor Place.
I>f¥f(of)iJC¥ioK,
The success which attended the publication of my Dictionary of Congress, has
induced me to enlarge upon the scope and design of that work, so as to embrace
the entire Civil Government of the United States, during the first century of its
existence. In doing this I have endeavored to present, within a convenient space, and
in biographical * form, the names and public services of all those who have, in a prom-
inent manner, been identified with the National and State Governments of the
Kepublic.
The Biographical Sketches number about seven thousand, and these I have illus-
trated with a series of Tabular Eecords and Papers of an historical character, in
which will be found eight thousand additional names, making a total of fifteen thousand
personal references in the volume.
The classes of persons included are the Delegates to the Colonial and Continental
Congresses, the Senators, Eepresentatives, and Territorial Delegates of the Federal Con-
gress, Cabinet Ministers, Justices of the Supreme and other Federal Courts, Officials
of the Executive Departments, Governors of States and Territories, Diplomatic Ministers,
and such other men as have held positions of honor and trust in the civil service,
exerted an influence on public afiairs, or acquitted themselves with acknowledged credit.
Indeed, in a few instances, I have over-stepped the line which separates the civil from
the military and naval history, but all the names thus added have a place in the
hearts of their countrymen, and no apology, I trust, will be required for their intro-
duction.
My purpose has been to give, in the most concise and impartial manner, a practical
and comprehensive idea of the working of our Government, as exhibited through its
personal representatives at home and abroad. Of many men, more might have been
written, but that was not deemed expedient in a work of this kind; and where not
enough has been said, the fault must be attributed to the indifference of the persons
mostly interested, or to the neglect of their friends; and I have made it a point to
express no opinions of living men, and but seldom to echo public opinion in regard
to the dead.
4 INTRODUCTION.
The information here presented has been obtained chiefly from original sources,
and from the archives of the Government ; while, for many of my facts and dates, I
have availed myself of other opportunities, and am especially indebted to the publica-
tions connected with the names of John L. Blake, S. Austin Allibone, George Eipley,
Francis S. Drake, Joseph Thomas, and Frederick A. P. Barnard ; and I cannot but
hope that these records will be found so correct and conveniently arranged as to render
the volume indispensable, as one of reference, for all those who feel an interest in the
political annals and future welfare of our country.
Georgetown, District op Columbia,
January, 1876.
doKi's<:K*i'^-
First [Part.
Biographical Ankals.
Biographical Sketches 1 ^ ^^^
FAOB.
Second Part. "
Tabular Records.
Delegates to the Colonial Congress 483
The Declaration of Independence 483
Signers of the Declaration 486
Delegates to the Continental Congress 487
Presidents of the Continental Congress 490
Sessions of the Continental Congress 490
Articles of Confederation 490
The Constitution of the United States 493
Proceedings of the Convention which formed the Constitution 497
Letter of the Convention to the Old Congress 498
Proceedings in the Old Congress 498
State Ratifications of the Constitution 498
Articles in addition to, and Amendment of, the Constitution of the U. S. of America 498
Sessions of the Federal Congress 502
Speakers of the House of Representatives 503
Presidents of the Senate 504
Presidents of the Senate pro tern 504
Secretaries of the Senate 505
Clerks of the House of Representatives 505
Chaplains to Congress 505
Successive Administrations 506
Executive Officers of the Civil Service 509
The United States Naval Observatory 512
The ISTational Mint 512
Presidential Electors 512
Electoral and Popular Votes for Presidents 540
Political Parties '. 541
The Justices of the Supreme Court 542
6 CONTENTS.
PAGB_
Clerks of the Supreme Court 543
Eeporters of the Supreme Court 543
Marshals of the Supreme Court 543
Justices of the Circuit, District, and Territorial Courts 543
The Court of Claims 547
Organization of the Executive Departments 547
The Department of Justice , 548
Judicial Circuits 548
Interior Department 548
Treasury Department ' 549
Post Office Department 550
Rates of Postage on Domestic Matter 551
Foreign Postal Table 554
Navy Department 557
War Department 558
Settlement of States and Territories 559
Territories of the United States ; 561
District of Columbia 561
Counties and Towns of the United States 562
Area of the United States 562
Origin of the Names of States 562
Length and Cost of American Wars 563
Chief Commanders of the Army 564
Progress of Population in the United States 564
Density of Population 564
Population and Ratio of Representation 565
Pay Table of the leading Civil Officers. ' 566
Leading Government Publications 566
The Newspaper Press 568
Education in the United States 568
Colonial Governors of America 569
The State and Territorial Governors since the adoption of the Federal Constitution 572
The Seat of the General Government 580
Table of Distances, by the shortest Mail Routes, from Washington to the respective Capitals. 580
Right of Suffrage in the several States 582
Qual iflcations for Elective Officials 585
Diplomatic Agents of the United States 587
Diplomatic Agents from Foreign Countries 612
International Arbitrations and Commissions 624
Treaties and Conventions 626
Rulers of Foreign Countries 631
Officials of the Centennial Exhibition 631
Additional Facts 633
Index, by States, of the Federal Congress 637
General Index , Co5
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Abhotf tToel, — Was born in Fairfield, Connec-
ticut, emigrated to Georgia, and was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Wilkes County, in that
State, from 1817 to 1825, serving as a member of the
Committees on Commerce and tbe Slave Trade. Died
November 19, 1826.
Ahhottf Jitnos, — Born in Andover, Massacbu-
setts, September 10, 1786. He was educated at a
district school, but spent the most of his life as a
trader and merchant. During the years 1835, 1836,
and 1842, he was a Representative in the Massachu-
setts Legislature ; and from 1840 to 1842 a member
of the State Senate. He represented his native
State in Congress from 1843 to 1849. He opposed the
war with Mexico, but voted for supplies. Died at
Andover, Massachusetts, November 2, 1868.
Abbott ,, tfohn C, — Born in Concord, New Hamp-
shire, July 15, 1825 ; received an academical educa-
tion ; studied law and came to the bar in 1852 ; from
1852 to 1857 he owned and conducted the Manchester
Guardian; was Quartermaster-General of Militia
from 1855 to 1861; from 1859 to 1861 he was one of the
owners of the Boston Atlas and Bee ; in 1861 he raised
a regiment of troops for the war, and was appointed
Lieutenant-Colonel ; in 1863 he was made Colonel ;
and in 1865 he was bre vetted a Brigadier-General " for
gallant services in the capture of Fort Fisher ; " soon
after which, he settled in North Carolina, and en-
gaged in the lumber business. He was a Delegate
to the State Constitutional Convention of 1867 ;
elected to the State Legislature early in 1868 ; and
was elected a Senator in Congress in 1868, for the
term ending in 1871, serving on the Committees on
Manufactures, Military Affairs, the Pacific Railway,
and Enrolled Bills.
Abbofty Nehemiah, — Born in Sidney, Maine,
March 29, 1806. He was a lawyer by profession ; was
a member of the House of Representatives, in the
Maine Legislature, in 1842 and 1843, and was elected
a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving
as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary
Pensions.
Abercronibief J^ames,—B.e was born in Geor-
gia, and, removing to Alabama, was a Representative
in Congress from that State, from 1851 to 1855.
Acker, Ephraim L, — Was born in Marlbor-
ough Township, Pennsylvania, January 11, 1827 ;
educated in common schools, and graduated at Mar-
shall College, Pennsylvania, in 1847 ; taught school
two years, and graduated in medicine at the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania in 1852 ; was editor and pub-
lisher of The Norristowyi Register; Superintendent of
Common Schools for Montgomery County from 1854
to 1860 ; was appointed Postmaster at Norristown in
1860, and removed after serving about eleven months;
was Inspector of Montgomery County prison three
years ; and was elected to the Forty-second Con-
gress, serving on the Militia Committee.
AcJcermaUf Amos T, — He was born in New
Hampshire in 1819 ; received a good education, stud-
ied law, and came to the bar in 1841 ; in 1850 he re-
moved to Georgia and settled in Elberton, where he
practiced his profession ; in 1866 he was appointed
United States Attorney for the District of Georgia,
and remained in ofiice until 1870 ; and in that year
he was appointed Attorney -General of the United
States, and continued in that position until 1872.
Adair, John, — He was born in 1758, in Chester
County, South Carolina ; emigrated to Kentucky in
1787 ; served as a Major in the border warfare of the
time ; was elected to the Kentucky Legislature, serv-
ing one year as Speaker ; was a meml^er in 1799 of
the Convention which formed the State Constitution ;
subsequently held the office of Register of the Land
Office in Kentucky ; and was a Senator of the
United States, from Kentucky, during the years 1805
and 1806 ; commanded the Kentucky troops at the
battle of New Orleans, under General Jackson ; and
was appointed a General in the army. He was
elected a Representative in Congress from Kentucky,
from 1831 to 1833, and was a member of the Com-
mittee on Military Affairs. Died at Harrodsburg,
May 19, 1840.
Adams, Andrew, — He was born in Stratford,
Connecticut, in January, 1736 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1760 ; adopted the profession of law, and
settled in the practice at Litchfield, in 1764 ; from
1777 to 1782 he was a Delegate from Connecticut to
the Continental Congress, and was one of the signers
of the Articles of Confederation ; and in 1789 he was
appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Connec-
ticut, and in 1793 Chief Justice of said court. He
received from Yale College the degree of LL.D. ; audi
died November 26, 1799.
Adarns, Benjamin, — Born at Worcester, Mas-
sachusetts ; was a member of the Legislature, as
Representative, from 1809 to 1814, and as Senator, in:
1814 and 1815, and from 1822 to 1825 ; and was a'
Representative in Congress from his native State,
from 1816 to 1821, having first been elected to fill
the vacancy caused by the death of E. Brigham, and!
was a member of the Committees on Revolutionary
Pensions and Public Expenditures. He died at Ux-
bridge, Massachusetts, in April, 1837.
Adams, Charles F, — Born in Boston,. August'
18, 1807 ; spent the most of his boyhood in Sti. Peters-
burg and London, whilst his father, John Quincy
Adams, was Minister to Russia and England ; he
graduated at Harvard University in: 1825 ; ; studied '
law, and was admitted to the bar inv 1828 ; . served
three years in the Lower House, and two years in the
Upper House of the Massachusetts Legislature ; in
1848 he was a Delegate to the Buffalo Convention,
and elected President ; was the candidate for Vice-
President on the ticket with Mr. Van Buren ;.and he
was elected a Representative from . Massachusetts to
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Manufactures, and as a member of the
Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious
States. He was at one time the editor of a paper called
the Boston Whig ; was a contributor to the North
American Review, and the editor of the well-known
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Adams Letters, and is the author of the standard
Biography of his grandfather, John Adams. Re-
elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, but was ap-
pointed by President Lincoln Minister to England, in
1861. In 1864 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon
him by Harvard University ; and in 1869 he became
an overseer of that institution.
Adams f C, H, — Born in CoxsacMe, Greene
County, New York, in 1824 ; studied law and prac-
ticed until 1850, when he engaged in manufactur-
ing at Cohoes, New York ; served as Trustee and
President of the Water Board in that place before it
was made a city. In 1851 served as Aid to the Gov-
ernor. In 1857 was elected a member of the Assem-
bly ; was State Senator in 1872 and 1873 ; was a
member of the Republican National Convention in
1872, and for a long time President of the National
Bank of Cohoes, and was the first Mayor of the city.
He was elected a Representative from New York to
the Forty -fourth Congress.
Adams f George. — He was a citizen of Mis-
sissippi, and appointed United States Judge for the
District embracing that State. He resided at
Natchez.
Ada/inSf George M, — Born in Knox County,
Kentucky, December 20, 1837 ; educated at Centre
College ; studied law ; was Clerk of the Circuit Court
of Knox County from 1859 to 1861 ; subsequently
served for a few months as a Captain in the Union
Army ; was an additional Paymaster of Volunteers
from 1861 to 1865, and was elected a Representative
from Kentucky to the Fortieth Congress, serving on
the Committees on the Militia and Freedmen's Af-
fairs. Re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses,
serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs ; and he
was, in 1875, elected Clerk of the House of Repre-
sentatives for the Forty-fourth Congress.
AdafYiSf Green, — Born in Barboursville, Knox
County, Kentucky, August 20, 1812; was bred a farmer,
but read law and adopted that profession ; in
1832 and 1833 he was Deputy Sheriff of Knox County;
in 1839 he was elected to the State Legislature, and
re-elected ; he was a Representative in Congress from
Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849, and was a member of
the Committee on Engraving. He was also a Presi-
dential Elector in 1844 and 1856, and a Judge of the
Circuit Court of Kentucky from 1851 to 1856. In 1859
he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee
on Post Offices and Post Roads. In 1861 he was ap-
pointed by President Lincoln Sixth Auditor of the
Treasury, and in 1875 he was appointed Disbursing
Clerk in the House of Representatives at Washington.
A dams f James HopJcins.—Born in South
Carolina about 1811 ; graduated at Yale College in
1831 ; was a member of the Legislature and Senate
of South Carolina, and was Governor of that State
from 1855 to 1857. After the secession of South Caro-
lina from the Union, he was one of the Commission-
ers appointed to confer with the President concerning
United States property in South Carolina. He died
near Columbia, South Carolina, July 27, 1861.
Adams f tToJm, — Born at Braintree, Massachu-
setts, October 30, 1735 ; graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1755 ; instructed a class of scholars in
Latin, and Greek for a subsistence ; studied law, and
having been admitted to the bar, settled at Quincy
to practice his profession. As a member of the Conti-
nental Congress, from 1774 to 1777, he was among
the foremost in recommending an independent Gov-
ernment. In 1777 he was chosen Commissioner to
the Court of Versailles. On his return h^ was chosen
a member of the Convention called to prepare a form
of government for Massachusetts. In September,
1779, he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to
negotiate a peace, and had authority to form a com-
mercial treaty with Great Britain. In June, 1780,
he was appointed Ambassador to Holland ; and, in
1782, he went to Paris to engage in the negotiation
for peace, having previously obtained assurance that
Great Britain would recognize the independence of
the United States. After serving on two or three
commissions to form treaties of amity and commerce
with foreign powers, in 1785 he was appointed first
Minister to London ; and, in 1788, having been ab-
sent nine years, he returned to America. In March,
1789, the new Constitution of the United States went
into operation, and he became the first Vice-Presi-
dent, which office he held during the whole of Wash-
ington's administration. On the retirement of Wash-
ington he became, March 4, 1797, President of the
United States. This was the termination of his pub-
lic functions ; and he spent the remainder of his days
upon his farm in Quincy, occupying himself with ag-
riculture, and obtaining amusement from the litera-
ture and politics of the day. He died on the Fourth
of July, 1826, with the same words on his lips which,
fifty years before, on that day, he had uttered on the
floor of Congress: "Independence forever!" His
principal publications are, "Letters on the American
Revolution," "Defense of the American Constitu-
tions," an "Essay on Canon and Feudal Law," a se-
ries of letters under the signature of Novanglus, and
" Discourses on Davila." It was as Vice-President that
he had a seat in the Senate. In 1856 his life and
writings were published, in ten volumes, edited by
his grandson, C. F. Adams.
Adams f JTohn, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Greene County, New York, from 1833
to 1835, and was a member of the Committee on In-
valid Pensions. He died at Catskill, New York, Sep
tember 28, 1854.
Adams f Jfohn Quincy, — Born in Braintree,
now Quincy, Massachusetts, July 11, 1767. When ten
years of age, he accompanied his father to France ;
and when fifteen, was Private Secretary to the Amer-
ican Minister in Russia. He was graduated at Har
vard University in 1787 ; studied law in Newbury
port, and settled in Boston. From 1794 to 1801 he
was American Minister to Holland, England, Sweden,
and Prussia. He was a Senator in Congress from
1803 to 1808 ; Professor of Rhetoric in Harvard Uni
versity, with limited duties, from 1806 to 1808 ; was
appointed, in 1809, Minister to Russia ; assisted in
negotiating the Treaty of Ghent, in 181 4 ; and as-
sisted, also, as Minister, at the Convention of Com-
merce with Great Britain, in 1 815. He was Secretary of
State under President Monroe ; and was chosen Pres
ident of the United States in 1825, serving one term.
In 1831 he was elected a Representative in Congress,
and continued in that position until his death, which
occurred in the Speaker's room, two days after falling
from his seat in the House of Representatives, Febru-
ary 23, 1848. His last words were : " This is the end
of earth ; I am content." He was Chairman cf sev
eral of the most important committee^ and always a
working member of the House. He published " Let-
ters on Silesia," " Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory,"
and various " Poems," beside many occasional letters
and speeches. His unpublished writings, it is said,
would make many volumes. An elaborate history of
his life was published in 1875, edited by his son.
Charles Francis Adams. Complete works in press.
• AdatnSf JParmenio, — He was born in Hartford,
Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress
from Batavia, Genesee County, New York, from 182:^
to 1827
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Adams f Tiohert H, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress, by appointment, from Mississippi, from Janu-
ary to May, in 1830, and died on the second day of
July following, at Natcliez.
Adams f SfimueL — Was born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, September 27, 1722; graduated at Harvard
University in 1740 ; studied for the ministry ; received
the degree of A.M. in 1743 ; was one of the first who
organized measures of resistance to the mother coun-
try, and drew up the instructions of the town of Bos-
ton against taxation in 1764 ; was elected a Represent-
ative in 1765 ; was chosen Clerk and served in that
body for ten years, and it is said he suggested the Con-
gress that assembled at New York in 1765, and the non-
importation agreement of 1769 ; addressed a public
meeting the day after the Boston massacre, and was
Chairman of the Committee to demand the removal of
the troops. In 1772 he organized the Committee of
Correspondence, which was first adopted by Massachu-
setts, and followed by all the provinces ; was a signer
of the Declaration of Independence ; was one of those
who matured the plan of the Continental Congress,
and he was Delegate from Massachusetts from 1774
to 1782 ; signed the Articles of Confederation ; was a
member of the State Convention which adopted the
Federal Constitution, and made some amendments to
that instrument ; on the adoption of the State Consti-
tution, he was made President of the Senate. He
was Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts from 1789
to 1794, and Governor from 1794 to 1797 ; and died in
Boston, October 2, 1803.
AdmnSf Samuel, — He was acting Governor of
Arkansas in 1844.
AdamSf SfejyJien. — He was a native of Frank-
lin County, Tennessee, and had been a member of the
Senate of that State. Removing to Mississippi, he
took an active part in public affairs ; was a member
of the State Legislature, and a Representative in Con-
gress, from 1845 to 1847 ; he was elected Judge of the
Circuit Court, and from 1852 to 1857 was a Senator in
Congress from Mississippi, serving on several commit-
tees. He removed to Tennessee with the intention of
practicing law at Memphis, where he died of small-
pox,May 11, 1857.
AdamSf Thoinas, — He was a Delegate from
Virginia to the Continental Congress from 1778 to
1780, and signed the Articles of Confederation.
AddamSf William, — He was born in Lancaster
County, Pennsylvania ; and was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 1829, and
served on a Committee for the Deaf and Dumb Insti-
tutions of New York and Ohio. He was also Auditor
of Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 1813 and 1814 ;
Commissioner of the County from 1814 to 1817 ; mem-
ber of the State Legislature from 1822 to 1824 ; and
Associate Judge of Berks County from 1839 to 1842.
Died in the spring of 1858, aged eighty-two years.
AdgafCf ^.sa.— He was a Representative in the
Legislature of New York from Clinton County, from
1798 to 1799, and elected Representative in Congress
from Essex County, in that State, from 1815 to
1817, and was again a member of the Legislature in
1823.
Adrain, Garneft B.— Born in the city of New
York, December 20, 1816. He graduated at Rutgers
College, New Jersey, in 1833 ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1837 ; and was a Representa-
tive in the Thirty-fifth Congress from New Jersey,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on Engraving.
He was also elected a member of the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Engraving. In January, 1861, he offered the resolu-
tion of thanks to Major Robert Anderson for his defense
of Fort Sumter. After leaving Congress he was de-
voted to his profession.
Ahlf John A, — He was born in Strasburg, Frank-
lin County, Pennsylvania, in August, 1815 ; received
a good English education ; studied medicine with his
father, and graduated at the "Washington Medical
College " of Baltimore, He abandoned his profession
in 1850, and turned his attention to various kinds
of manufactures, and was elected a Representative
from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committee on Manufac-
tures.
Aiken f William, — He was born in Charleston,
South Carolina, in 1806 ; graduated at the South Car-
olina College in 1825 ; was a member of the State
Legislature in 1838, 1840, and 1842 ; was Governor of
South Carolina in 1844 ; and a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1851 to 1857. He was con-
sidered one of the most successful rice-pl«nters in his
native State ; and was one of the leading men of his
State who did not take part in the Rebellion. Noted for
his liberality, benevolence, and culture as a scholar.
Ainsivorthf Lucien Lester, — Born in New
Woodstock, New York, June 21, 1831 ; educated at
the common schools and at the Oneida Conference
Seminary, New York ; studied law and was admitted
to practice in 1854 ; in 1855 removed to West Union,
Iowa ; was a member of the Lower House and Senate
of the State for several years, and was elected a Rep-
resentative from Iowa to the Forty-fourth Congress.
AkerSf Thomas JPefer, — He was elected a
Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-fourth
Congress for the unexpired term of J. G. Miller, and
served one session.
Albertf William J, — Born at Baltimore, Mary-
land, August 4, 1816 ; educated at St, Mary's Col-
lege ; was bred a merchant ; retired from business in
1856 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1864 ; was subse-
quently interested in banking and manufactures ; and
elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the
Committee on Foreign Affairs.
Alhertson, Nathaniel, — He was born in Vir-
ginia, and was elected a Representative in Congress
from the First Congressional District of Indiana, from
1849 to 1851 ; and was a member of the Committee on
Public Lands.
Albright, Charles, — Born in Berks County,
Pennsylvania, December 13, 1830 ; educated at Dick-
inson College ; studied law, and came to the bar in
1852 ; in 1854 he visited Kansas, and in 1856 returned
to Pennsylvania ; in 1860 he was a Delegate to the
Republican National Convention ; entered the Army
in 1862 : was commissioned Colonel, commanding the
Third Brigade, at Chancellorsville ; was placed in
command of Camp Muhlenburg, Pennsylvania, to or
ganize troops ; in July was sent to Philadelphia to
assist in the draft ; in September, 1864, was assigned
to an independent command to protect Railroads and
the outer defenses of Washington ; in March, 1865,
was promoted to brevet Brigadier-General of volun-
teers ; after the war, sent to the command of the Le-
high military district, to pacify tumults in the mining
regions ; in 1865, mustered out of service ; in 1872,
was a Delegate to the Republican National Conven-
tion at Philadelphia, and elected to the Forty -third
Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Af-
fairs.
Albright, Charles J, — He was born in Penn-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
sylvania, and was elected, from the State of Ohio, a
Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress.
Alcorn, tTames Lush, — Born November 4,
1816, near Golconda, Illinois ; settled in Kentucky ;
was educated at Cumberland College ; was appointed
Deputy Sheriff of Livingston County, and held the
office for five years ; in 1843 he was elected to the
Legislature ; he removed in 1844 to Mississippi ; en-
tered upon the practice of law ; served sixteen years
in the Legislature of that State, in the House, and in
Senate ; in 1852 he was chosen Elector ; nominated
in 1857 for Governor, but declined ; was founder of
the levee system in his State ; in 1858 he was chosen
President of the Levee Board of the Mississippi-Ya-
zoo Delta ; was elected to the State Convention of
1851, and again to that of 1861, the latter body electing
him a Brigadier-General ; in 1865 he was elected to
the Senate of the United States, but not allowed to
take his seat ; in 1869 he was elected Governor of
Mississippi ; and elected to the Senaxe of the United
States in 1871, for six years, serving on the Committees
on Mines and Mining, Revision of Laws, Naval Af-
fairs, and Levees of the Mississippi River,
Aldrichf Cyrus, — Born in Sraithfield, Rhode Is-
land, in June, 1808 ; received a common-school edu-
cation ; has followed the various occupations of a
sailor, a boatman, a farmer, a contractor on public
works, and a mail contractor ; was a member of the
Illinois Legislature ; also a Register of Deeds and
Register of the Land Office at Dixon, in that State,
for four years ; and, having removed to Minnesota,
was a member of the Constitutional Convention of
that State ; Member of the County Board of Hennepin
County, in that State ; and was elected a Representa-
tive from Minnesota to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committee on Agricul-
ture. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress ; and
was Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs.
After leaving Congress he was appointed by President
Lincoln a Commissioner to settle claims against the
Sioux Indians. In February, 1867, he was appointed
by^ President Johnson Postmaster at Minneapolis,
Minnesota.
Aleocander, A dam H, — He was born in Wash-
ington County, Virginia, and was elected a Represent-
ative in Congress from Madison County, Tennessee,
from 1823 to 1827, and served as a member of the
Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.
Alexander, Evan, — Born in North Carolina ;
graduated at Princeton College in 1787 ; was a mem-
ber of the Legislature for two years ; and a Repre-
sentative in Congress from North Carolina from 1805
lo 1809. Died October 28, 1809.
Alexander, Henry J*. — He was born in New
York, in 1802 ; engaged in commerce ; and was a
Representative in Congress from Herkimer County, in
that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of
the Committee on Expenditures in the State Depart-
ment. Died at Little Falls, February 22, 1867.
Alexander, James, Jr, — He was born in
Maryland : was a resident of St. Clairsville, Belmont
County, Ohio, and elected a Representative in Con-
gress from the Eleventh District of that State, from
1837 to 1839, and was a member o"f the Committee on
Public Expenditures. Died August 6, 1846.
Alexander, JoTin, — He was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Ohio, May 4, 1818, serving
till 1817.
Alexander, Warh, — He was bom in Mecklen-
burg County, Virginia, and elected a Representative in
Congress from that State, from 1819 to 1833, and
served on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions,
Ways and Means, and Expenditures in the State De-
partment, and the District of Columbia.
Alexander, Nathaniel, — Graduated at Prince-
ton College in 1776, and, after studying medicine,
entered the army. At the close of the war he resided
at the High Hills of Santee, pursuing his profession,
and afterwards at Mecklenburg. While he held a
seat in Congress, as a Representative from North
Carolina, from 1803 to 1805, the Legislature elected
him Governor for 1806. He died at Salisbury, March
8, 1808, aged fifty-two. In all his public stations he
is said to have discharged his duty with ability and
firmness.
Alexander, Hohert, — He was a Delegate from
Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1775 to
1777.
Alford, tTulilf'S C, — He was born in Georgia,
and was elected a Representative in Congress from
Troup County, in that State, from 1839 to 1842, and
served as a member of the Committee on Indian Af-
fairs.
Allen, Andrew, — He was a Delegate from Penn-
sylvania to the Continental Congress in 1775 to 1776.
Allen, Charles, — He was born in Worcester,
Massachusetts, August 9, 1797, and was a representa-
tive in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1853,
and a member of the Committee on the District of
Columbia. He was also a member of the State Leg-
islature in 1829, 1833, 1834, 1838, and 1840 ; and a
State Senator in 1835, 1838, and 1839 ; Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas from 1842 to 1844 ; Chief
Justice of the Superior Court of Suffolk County from
1858 to 1859 ; and subsequently Chief Justice of the
Superior Court of the State. He was a member of
the State Constitutional Conventions of 1853 and 1859 ;
and a Commissioner to negotiate the Webster Treaty
in 1842. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Con-
gress of 1861. Died in Worcester, August 6, 1869.
Allen, Chilton, — He was born in Albemarle
County, Virginia, April 6, 1786, and settled in Ken-
tucky as a wheelwright. He educated himself for
the legal profession ; from Clark County was elected
in 1811 to the Legislature of Kentucky for several
terms ; and he was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1831 to 1837, officiating as Chairman
of the Committee on Territories, and a member of the
Committee on Foreign Affairs. In 1838 he was Pres-
ident of the Board of Internal Improvement ; and in
1842 he was again returned to the State Legislature,
which Was the last public position he occupied. He
died at Winchester, September 3, 1858. He was a
man of ability and of rare virtues.
Allen, Elisha JT.— Born in New Salem, Massa-
chusetts, January 28, 1804 ; was bred a lawyer ;
served in the Legislature of Maine from 1836 to 1841,
and in 1846 ; in 1838 as Speaker ; and was elected a
Representative in Congress from Maine, from 1841 to
1843, serving as a member of the Committee on Man-
ufactures. In 1847 he removed to Boston, and was
elected to the Massachusetts Legislature in 1849 ;
after which he was appointed Consul to Honolulu,
and has since that time been connected with the Gov-
ernment of the Sandwich Islands. In 1856 he visited
the United States as Envoy ; and in 1857 was Chief
Justice and Chancellor of the Sandwich Islands, serv-
ing until 1864.
Allen, Heman,—RQ was born in 1776 ; was a
resident, if not a native of Milton, Vermont ; adopted
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
tlie profession of law, in wMcli he became distin-
guislied ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Vermont from 1833 to 1839, serving as an active mem-
ber of the Committee on Claims. He subsequently
settled in Burlington, Vermont, where he died De-
cember 11, 1844.
Allerif Heman, — He was born in 1779, and a
resident of Colchester, Vermont ; he graduated at
Dartmouth College in 1795, and adopted the profes-
sion of law. He was Sheriff of Chittenden County in
1808 and 1809 ; from 1811 to 1814 he was Chief Jus-
tice of the Chittenden County Court ; from 1812 to
1817 he was an active member of the State Legisla-
ture ; was appointed Quartermaster of Militia, with
the title of Brigadier ; and was a Trustee of the Uni-
versity of Vermont. He was first elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Vermont in 1817, but re-
signed in 1818 to accept from President Monroe the
appointment of United States Marshal for the Dis-
trict of Vermont. In 1828 he received from the same
President the appointment of Minister to Chili, which
he resigned in 1828 ; in 1830 he was appointed Presi-
dent of the United States Branch Bank, at Burling-
ton, which he held until the expiration of its char-
ter, after which he settled in the town of Highgate,
Vermont, where he died of heart disease, April 9,
1852,
Allen f flames C — He was born in Shelby Coun-
ty, Kentucky, January 28, 1823 ; received a good
common-school education, studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in Indiana in 1843 ; in 1846 was
elected for two years Prosecuting Attorney in the
Seventh Judicial District of Indiana ; and, having re-
moved to Illinois in 1848, was elected a member, in
1850 and 1851, of the State Legislature, and was
chosen a Representative in Congress from Illinois,
from 1853 to 1855, and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth
Congress, when his seat was contested unsuccessful-
ly. He was chosen Clerk of the House of Represent-
atives for the Thirty-fifth Congress, and in 1862 he
was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress as a
Representative, serving on the Committees on Indian
Affairs and Unfinished Business.
Allen J John, — Born in Great Barriugton, Massa-
chusetts, in 1763 ; was a lawyer by profession, and a
member of the State Council of Connecticut for several
years ; was a Representative from that State during
the last Congress which was held in Philadelphia,
from 1797 to 1799. He died at Litchfield, Connecticut,
July 31, 1812.
Allen, tToJm «/. — He was born in Virginia ; was
a resident of Harrison County, and was elected a
Representative in Congress from Virginia, from 1833
to 1835, and served as a member of the Committee on
the District of Columbia. He subsequently held the of-
fice of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia.
Allen, John W, — Born in Litchfield, Connecti-
cut, in 1802 ; settled in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825, and
was a member *of the Senate of that State from 1835
to 1837 ; also Mayor of Cleveland ; and was elected a
Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1841, serving
as a member of the Committee on the Militia and
Military Affairs. He was the son of John Allen, of
Great Barrington, Massachusetts.
Allen, Joseph, — He was born in Boston ; was a
merchant in Leicester, and benefactor of the Academy
there ; twice Elector for President ; was a Clerk of
the County Court and a State Councilor ; and a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Massachusetts, from
1810 to 1811, having succeeded J. Upham, resigned.
He died at Worcester, September 2, 1827, aged sev-
enty-eight years.
Allen, Judson,—Tle was born in Connecticut,
and removing to New York was elected a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State, from 1839 to 1841,
and was a member of the Committee on Mileage.
Allen, Nathaniel. — He was bom in Dutchess
County, New York ; served in the Assembly of that
State in 1812, and was a Representative in Congress,
from 1819 to 1821, and a member of the Committee
on Manufactures.
Allen, Philip, — He was born in Providence,
Rhode Island, September 1, 1785; graduated at Brown
University in 1803 ; was elected to the State Legisla-
ture in 1819, 1820, and 1821 ; devoted much attention
to the business of manufacturing ; was Governor of
Rhode Island during the years 1851, 1852, and
1853 ; and was elected a Senator in Congress from
his native State, from March 3, 1853, for six years,,
serving as a member of the Committees on Commerce
and on Naval Affairs. He constructed the^rst Watt
& Boulton Steam-Engine in Providence. Died in
Providence, Rhode Island, December 16, 1865.
Allen, Richard C, — He was a citizen of Florida,
and was one of the earliest United States Judges ap-
pointed for the District embracing that State.
Allen, Robert, — Born in Augusta County, Vir-
ginia. He was a Colonel in the army under General
Jackson ; a Representative in Congress from Tennes-
see, from 1819 to 1827, serving as a member of the
Committees on Commerce, the Library, and Revolu-
tionary Claims. He died at Carthage, Tennessee,
August 19, 1864, aged sixty-seven years.
Allen, Robert, — Born in. Woodstock, Shenan-
doah County, Virginia, July 30, 1794. He was edu-
cated at Dickinson and Washington Colleges, having
left the latter institution on a furlough of three
months, for the purpose of joining a volunteer mili-
tary force in 1813, but returned and graduated. He
studied law, and practiced in his native place. He
held for a time the office of Prosecutor for the Com-
monwealth ; served five years in the Senate of Vir-
ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State, from 1827 to 1833, serving on the Committee
for the District of Columbia.
Allen, Santtiel C — Born in Franklin County,
Massachusetts, January 5, 1772 ; graduated at Dart
mouth College in 1794 ; was a Representative in the
Massachusetts Legislature from 1806 to 1810 ; a State
Senator from 1812 to 1815, and in 1831 ; and a mem-
ber of the Executive Council in 1829 and 1830 ; was
a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts,
from 1817 to 1829, officiating as CTiairman of the Com-
mittee on Accounts. He was at one time a Congrega-
tional preacher, but subsequently turned his atten-
tion to law and literature. He died at Northfield,
February 8, 1843, aged seventy years.
Allen, TVilliain, — He was born in Edenton,
North Carolina, in 1806 ; received a good education ;
connected by family ties with Allen G. Thurman ;
was an early emigrant to the State of Ohio ; adopted
the profession of law, and was a Representative in
Congress from Ohio from 1833 to 1835, serving as a
member of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and was
elected a Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1849, serv-
ing as a member of several important Committees.
In 1874 he became Governor of Ohio, serving as such
until 1876.
Allen, William,— Born in Butler County, Ohio,
August 13, 1827 ; received a good English education,
and taught school for a time ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1849 ; in 1850 he was elected
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
a County Prosecuting Attorney, and re-elected in
1852 ; and in 1858 was elected a Representative from
Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Accounts. Re-elected to the Thirty-
seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Expenditures in Interior Department. Was
a Delegate to the Chicago Convention in 1864, and
also to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven-
tion " of 1866.
Allen f fVillia^n «7. — He was born in Tennessee
in 1828 ; removed with his father to Illinois in 1829 ;
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1848 ; in
1854 he was elected to the Illinois Legislature ; in
1855 was appointed United States Attorney for the
District of Illinois, which he resigned in 1860, and
was then elected Judge of the Circuit Court. In 1862
he was elected a Representative from Illinois to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, for the unexpired term of
John A. Logan, resigned, and was re-elected to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Claims.
Allen, IVillis, — He was born in Tennessee, and
was a Representative in Congress from Illinois, from
1851 to 1855.
Alley 9 John I>, — Born in Lynn, Massachusetts,
January 7, 1817, received a good common-school edu-
cation; was apprenticed to a shoemaker, and received
his freedom when nineteen years of age, after which
he devoted himself to trading ; he subsequently en-
tered largely into the shoe and leather business, which
he has since followed ; he served several years in
the City Councils of Lynn ; was a member of the
Governor's Council in 1851 ; a member of the Massa-
chusetts Senate in 1852 ; of the State Constitutional
Convention held in 1853 ; and in 1858 was elected a
Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Post Of-
fices and Post Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh,
and also to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Post Offices and Post
Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving again on the Post Office Committee, and as a
member of that on the Bankrupt Law. He was also
a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven-
tion " of 1866.
Allison, tfames. — Born in Cecil County, Mary-
land, October 4, 1772 ; studied law and acquired a
high position at the bar of Western Pennsylvania ;
was elected a Representative from that State to the
Eighteenth Congress ; was re-elected to the Nine-
teenth Congress, but on account of ill-health and his
dislike of public life, declined the position ; and after
practicing his profession for fifty years, died in June,
1854.
Allison, John, — He was a son of James Allison,
and was born in Pennsylvania, August 5, 1812 ;
studied law, but never practiced the profession ; was
elected to the Assembly of his State in -1846, 1847, and
1849 ; and he was a Representative from Pennsyl-
vania to the Thirty-second and Thirty-fourth Con-
gresses, and declined a nomination for re-election. On
the 1st of April, 1869, he was appointed Register of
the Treasury.
Allison, Robert, — He was bom in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsyl-
vania, from 1831 to 1833.
Allison, William J3, — He was born in the
township of Perry, Wayne County, Ohio, March 2,
1829 ; spent the most of his boyhood on a farm ; was
educated chiefly at Alleghany College, Pennsylvania,
and at the Western Reserve College, Ohio ; studied
law, came to the bar in 1851, and practiced the pro-
fession in Ohio until 1857, when he settled in Du-
buque, Iowa. He was a delegate to the Chicago Con-
vention of 1860 ; in 1861 he was a member of the
Governor's staff, and rendered essential service in
raising troops for the war ; and in 1862 he was elect-
ed a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands
and Roads and Canals. Re-elected to the Thirty-
ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Ways
and Means, Mines and Mining, and Expenses in the
Interior Department. Re-elected to the Fortieth and
Forty-first Congresses. In 1873 he was elected to
the United States Senate for the term ending in 1879,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on Indian
Affairs, and also on the Committees on the Library
and Appropriations.
Allston, Joseph, — Born in 1778 ; he was a planter
of education and ability, and several years a member
of the South Carolina Legislature, and was Governor
of that State from 1812 to 1814. Died September 10,
1816. He married a daughter of Aaron Burr, and for
that reason was suspected, but unjustly, of being con-
cerned in the questionable enterprises of that famous
man. His wife was lost at sea on her passage from
New York to Charleston in 1812.
Allston, Robert F, TT.— Born in All Saints' Par-
ish, South Carolina, April 21, 1801 ; graduated at West
Point in 1821 ; retired from the army in 1822, and set-
tled upon a rice plantation, on the Pedee river. He
was Surveyor-General of the State from 1823 to 1827 ;
member of the Legislature from 1828 to 1832 ; State
Senator from 1832 to 1856 ; and President of that body
from 1850 to 1856 ; Trustee of South Carolina Col-
lege from 1841 to 1864. Author of '' Memoir on Rice,"
"Report on Public Schools," essay on "Sea Coast
Crops." Died near Georgetown, South Carolina,
April 7, 1864.
Allyn, Joseph JP. — He was a native of Connec-
ticut, from which State he was appointed an Associate
Justice of the United States Court for the Territory
of Arizona.
Alsop, John, — Born in Middletown, Connecticut;
was an opulent merchant, and by his ability, patriot-
ism, and integrity secured his election to the Conti-
nental Congress in 1774, serving two years in that
body. On the occupation of New York by the British,
he withdrew to Middletown, Connecticut, returning
after the peace. Died in 1794.
Alston, Lemnel J, — He was a Representative
in Congress from South Carolina, from 1807 to 1811
Alston, William^ J, — He was born in Georgia,
and removing to Alabama, was a Representative in
Congress from that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was
a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post
Roads.
Alston, Willis. — Born in Halifax County, North
Carolina. He appeared in public life as early as 1794,
serving in the State Legislature for several years, and
was a Representative in Congress from North Caro-
lina, from 1799 to 1815, and from 1825 to 1831. Dur-
ing the war of 1812 he was Chairman of the Com-
mittee of Ways and Means. Died April 10, 1837.
Alvord, James C — He was a native of Massa-
chusetts ; received a liberal education ;. adopted the
profession of law ; served one term in each branch of
the State Legislature ; and was elected a Representa-
tive from Massachusetts to the Twenty-sixth Congress,
but died before taking his seat, in the latter part of
1839.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
A^nhleVf Jacob A, — This man was born in Pitts-
burgli, Pennsylvania, February 18, 1829 ; studied law
in Ohio ; was elected in 1857 to the State Legisla-
ture, and served two terms ; was appointed in 1859
Judge of the Ninth Judicial District, and served until
1867, when he resumed his profession ; was elected to
the Forty-first Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-
second Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign
Affairs.
AmeSf Adelherf, — He was born in Rockland,
Maine, October 31, 1835 ; received a classical educa-
tion ; entered the Military Academy at West Point,
and graduated in 1861 ; was commissioned second
Lieutenant of Artillery ; brevetted Major for gallant
services at the battle of Bull Run, where he was
wounded ; brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel for services at
the battle of Malvern Hill ; was appointed Colonel of
Volunteers ; brevetted Colonel for services at the bat-
tle of Gettysburg : brevetted Major-General of Volun-
teers for services at Fort Fisher, and again brevetted
Major-General, United States Army, at the close of the
war, for gallant and meritorious services in the field
during the Rebellion ; was appointed Provisional Gov-
ernor of Mississippi in 1868 ; appointed to the com-
mand of the Department of Mississippi in 1869 ; and
was elected to the United States Senate for six
years, taking his seat in 1870 ; serving on the Com-
mittees on Military Affairs and Removal of Political
Disabilities. In 1873 he was elected Governor of Mis-
sissippi.
Ames, Fisher, — He was born in Dedliam,
Massachusetts, April 9, 1758 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1774 ; studied law in Boston, and com-
menced the practice of it in his native town. He dis-
tinguished himself as a member of the Massachusetts
Convention for ratifying the Constitution in 1788 ; from
that body he passed into the State Legislature ; and
was soon afterwards elected a Representative in Con-
gress, where he served from 1789 to 1797, and gained
great reputation for his eloquence and exalted patri-
otism. He was devotedly attached to Washington,
and was the author of the " Address " from the House
of Representatives to the President prior to his retire-
ment from office. After leaving Congress, he devoted
himself for a few years to the practice of his profes-
sion ; but, giving that up, he devoted himself exclu-
sively to farming. He was elected President of Har-
vard University in 1804, but declined the honor, and
received from that institution the degree of LL.D.
He wrote much for the papers on the public affairs of
America, England, and France, and both as a writer
and orator he attained a very prominent position, and
exerted an extensive influence. He died in Dedham,
July 4, 1808. In 1809 a collection of his writings and
his life were published by Rev. Dr. Kirkham ; and in
1854 a more complete edition was issued, edited by
his son.
AftteSf OaJces. — He was born in Easton, Bristol
County, Massachusetts, January 10, 1804 ; was for
years a manufacturer by profession ; was a member,
for two years, oi the Executive Council of the State,
and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from
Massachusetts to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving
on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Man-
ufactures. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad and
Manufactures ; was also a Delegate to the Philadel-
phia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and re-elected
to the Fortieth, Forty-first, and Forty-second Con-
gresses. Died in North Easton, May 8, 1873.
Atnes, Samuel, — He was for ten years Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island,
and died suddenly at Providence, December 20,
1865.
Ancona, Sydenham JE, — He was born in War-
wick, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, November 20,
1824, and, removing to Berks County, was for several
years connected with the Reading Railroad Company.
He was elected in 1860 a Representative from Penn-
sylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress serving on
the Committees on the Militia and on Manufactures.
In 1802 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving as a member of the Committees on
Manufactures and on the Militia. Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Military Affairs ; and he was one of the Representa-
tives designated by the House to attend the funeral
of General Scott in 1866. In March, 1867, he was
appointed by President Johnson Navy Agent at Phil-
adelphia, but was not confirmed by the Senate.
Anderson^ Alexander, — He was a Senator in
Congress from the Knoxville District, Tennessee,
during the years 1840 and 1841, a part of a term, and
served as a member of the Committee oiy the Mili-
tia.
Anderson, Charles, — He was Acting Governor
of Ohio in 1865 and 1866. His profession was that of
a lawyer, and he was not only a man of high culture,
but for many years was among the influential citizens
of Cincinnati.
Anderson, Charles E, — He was a citizen of
New York, and in 1836 was appointed Secretary of
Legation to France ; in the following year he was
made acting Charge d' Affaires ; and after remaining
two years, abroad returned to the United States.
Anderson, George W, — Born in Jefferson
County, Tennessee, May 22, 1832 ; received a liberal
education ; adopted the profession of law ; settled in
Missouri in 1853 ; in 1854 became the editor of the
North East Missourian newspaper ; was elected in
1858 to the State Legislature, after a previous defeat ;
in 1862 he was chosen a State Senator, remaining in
that capacity until 1865, when he resigned, having
been elected a Representative from Missouri to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Public Lands, and as Chairman of the Committee, on
Mileage. Early in 1861 he organized a Home Guard,
and was chosen Colonel thereof, and was subsequent-
ly commissioned a Colonel of Militia, and had com-
mand of the Forty-ninth Regiment of his State. He
was a Delegate to the Philadelphia ' ' Loyalists' Con-
vention " of 1866, and was re-elected to the Fortieth
Congress.
Anderson, Htigh J, — Born in 1801, in Maine,
and was Clerk of the Waldo County Courts from 1827
to 1837, and a Representative in Congress from
Maine, from 1837 to 1841, and a member of the Com-
mittee on Naval Affairs. He was a lawyer by profes-
sion ; Governor of Maine from 1844 to 1847 ; a Presi-
dential Elector in 1849 ; and Commissioner of Customs
in Washington, from 1853 to 1858. In October, 1866,
he was appointed by President Johnson Sixth Auditor
of the Treasury.
Anderson, Isaac, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1807.
Anderson, John, — He was born in Cumberland,
Maine ; was a graduate of Bowdoin College in 1813 ;
studied law and admitted to the bar in 1816 ; a mem-
ber of the Maine Senate in 1824, and was elected a
Representative in Congress from Cumberland County,
Maine, from 1825 to 1833, serving as a member of the
Committees on Elections and Naval Affairs. He was
also Mavor of Portland in 1833 and 1842 ; United
States District Attorney from 1833 to 1837 ; and Col-
lector of Customs at Portland from 1837 to 1841. and
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
from 1843 to 1848. He died August 21, 1853, aged
sixty-one years.
AndersoUf Joseph, — He was born near Phila-
delphia^ Pennsylvania, November 5, 1757 ; enjoyed
what was called at the time a good education ;
studied law ; was appointed an Ensign in the New
Jersey line in 1775 ; was promoted to an adjutancy :
as a Captain fought at the battle of Monmouth ; he
also went in 1779 with Suilivan against the Six
Nations ; in 1780 he was at Valley Forge ; in 1781 at
the sie-^e of York ; and after the war he retired with
the rank of Brevet Major. He practiced law in Del-
aware for seven years. In 1791 was appointed by
Washington Judge of the territory south of the Ohio
River ; remained in that position until the first Con-
stitution of Tennessee was formed, which he aided in
forming in Convention ; and he was an influential
member of the United States Senate from Tennessee,
from 1797 to 1815, serving at all times upon important
committees, and acting on two occasions as President
pro tempore of the Senate. He was appointed in
1815 First Comptroller of the Treasury where he
remained until 1836. He died in Washington, April
17, 1837.
AndeTSOUf tToseph H, — He was born in New
York, and was elected a Representative in Congress
from that State, from 1843 to 1847, and was Chair-
man of the Committee on Agriculture, and a member
of the Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury
Department.
A ndersofif tTosiah M, — He was born in Ten-
nessee, and was elected a Representative in Congress
from the Third District in that State, from 1849 to
1852, and was a member of the Committee on Private
Land Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Peace
Congress of 1861.
Anderson f tf* JP, — He was born in Tennessee,
and was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress from the Territory of Washington.
Anderson^ Lucien. — Was born in Mayfield,
Kentucky, in June, 1824 ; received a good English
education ; adopted the profession of the law ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and served for two
terms as a member of the Kentucky Legislature. In
1863 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of
the Committee on the District of Columbia. During
the month of November, 1863, he was taken prisoner
by a party of " Confederates," and retained in custody
until just before the meeting of Congress, when he
was exchanged. He was a Delegate to the Baltimore
Convention of 1864, a Presidential Elector in 1853,
and a Delegate to the Philadelphia * * Loyalists' Con-
vention" of 1866.
Anderson^ Richard Clough, Jr, — Was born
in Louisville, Kentucky, August 4, 1788 ; was sent at
an early age to Virginia to be educated ; graduated at
William and Mary College, and studied law under
Judge Tucker ; he returned to Kentucky and com-
menced the practice of his profession, and became
eminent as a lawyer ; was for several years a member
of the State Legislature ; was a Representative in
Congress from Kentucky, from 1817 to 1821 ; and de-
clined a re-election in 1822 ; and again entered the
State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker of the
House ; in 1823 he was appointed by President Mon-
roe the first Minister to Colombia ; and in 1826 was
appointed by President Adams Envoy to Panama ; on
his way thither he died at Turbaco, July 24, 1826.
Anderson, Samuel, — Born in 1774, in Penn-
sylvania. He served repeatedly in the Legislature of
that State ; was Speaker of its House during two ses-
sions ; and elected a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1839, and was a member
of the Committee on the Boundary line of Missouri.
He died in Chester, Pennsylvania, January 17, 1850.
Anderson, Simeon H, — Born in Garrard
County, Kentucky, March 2, 1832 ; studied law and
practiced with success ; served frequently in the
Kentucky Legislature ; was elected a Representative
in Congress from the Fifth Congressional District of
Kentucky, from 1839 to 1841, and served as a mem-
ber of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.
He died at his residence near Lancaster, Kentucky,
August 11, 1840, before the expiration of his term of
service. He had the reputation of being a remarkably
industrious, useful, and amiable man.
Anderson,, Thos, L. — Born in Greene County,
Kentucky, December 8, 1808. He was self-educated,
and removed to Missouri in 1830, where he commenced
the practice of law at twenty-one years of age. He
was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1840 ;
was a Presidential Elector in 1844, 1848, 1852, and
1856 ; and a member of the Convention for remodel-
ing the State Constitution in 1845, and was elected
a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving
as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions.
He was re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serv
ing on the Committee on Private Land Claims.
Anderson^ William, — Born in Chester County,
Pennsylvania, in 1763, and served throughout the
Revolutionary War with credit, taking a prominent
part at the siege of Yorktown. After the war he
returned to Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and was
a Representative in Congress from that State, from
1809 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819. He was after-
wards a Judge of Delaware County Court, and a Cus-
tom-house officer at Chester, in that county, where he
died, December 13, 1829.
Anderson^ William IB, — Born in Jefferson
County, Illinois, April 2, 1830 ; studied law, but never
practiced the profession ; was twice elected to the
State Legislature, and once to the State Senate ; was
a delegate to the Convention which framed the pres-
ent Constitution ; in 1861 he exerted himself to raise
a regiment of volunteers for the army, and command-
ed it through the war, receiving the brevet title of
Major-General ; and in 1874 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
Anderson, William C — Born in Lancastei,
Garrard County, Kentucky, December 6, 1826 ; edu-
cated at the College of Danville ; adopted the pro-
fession of law ; served in the Kentucky Legislature
in 1851 and 1853 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ;
and in 1859 was elected a Representative from Ken-
tucky to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem-
ber of the Committee on the District of Columbia.
Died at Frankfort, Kentucky, December 23, 1861.
Anderson, William E, — He was born in Ten-
nessee, in 1791 ; was a man of high culture, and a
successful lawyer ; long prominent as a Judge in
Tennessee, and died at Vicksburg, Mississippi, in
October, 1841.
Andreiv, John A, — Born in Windham, Maine,
May 31, 1818 ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1837 ;
came to the bar in Boston in 1840 ; was a Delegate to
the National Republican Convention of 1860 ; was
elected in the same year Governor of Massachusetts,
and twice re-elected, making himself conspicuous as
one of the ** War Governors " of the North, by his
energy in raising troops and his zeal against the in-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
stitution of slavery. In 1865 he presided over a
Unitarian Convention in Boston, and was President
of the New England Genealogical Society. Died in
Boston, October 30, 1867. An account of his official
life was published in 1868, by A. G. Brown, Jr.
A.ndretvs, C, C, — He was a citizen of Minnesota,
and in 1869 he was appointed Minister Resident to
Sweden and Norway, where he still continued as late
as 1875.
Andrews, Charles, — Born in Paris, Maine, in
1814; studied law, and was- admitted to the bar in
1837 ; was Clerk of the County Court of Oxford
County ; was a member of the State Legislature from
1839 to 1843, a portion of the time Speaker of the
House ; and a Representative in Congress from
Maine, from 1851 to the time of his death, which
occurred in Paris Hill, Maine, April 80, 1852.
AndreivSf George M. — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
the Fourteenth Congressional District in that State,
from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Com-
mittee on Elections.
AndrewSf John T. — He was born in New York,
and was elected a Representative in Congress from
that State, from 1837 to 1839, serving as a member of
the Committee on Expenditures in the State Depart-
ment.
Andrews, Landaff IV, — Born in Fleming
County, Kentucky, February 12, 1803 ; graduated at
Transylvania University in 1824 ; and commenced
the practice of law in 1826, in which profession he
has since been actively engaged. He was a member
of the Kentucky Legislature in 1834, and in 1838 was
elected a Representative in Congress, serving from
1839 to 1843, and acted on the Committees on Revolu-
tionary Pensions and Accounts. He was also a mem-
ber of the Kentucky Senate.
AndreivSf Samuel G. — He was born in Derby,
New Haven County, Connecticut, October 16, 1799 ;
received an academical education, and removed with
his father to Rochester, New York, in 1816. He was
occupied chiefly in mercantile and manufacturing
pursuits ; was for several years Mayor of Rochester ;
was a member of the New York Legislature in 1831
and 1832 from Monroe County, New York ; Clerk of
the Monroe County Court ; Secretary of the State Sen-
ate of New York for four years ; Clerk of the Court
of Dernier Resort for four years ; and was Postmas-
ter of Rochester. He was elected a Representative
from New York to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving
as a member of the Committee on Roads and Canals.
Died in Rochester, New York, in 1863.
Andreivs, Sherlock ?7. — Born in Wallingford,
Connecticut, in 1801 ; graduated at Union College;
settled in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825, and practiced law ;
was Judge of the Superior Court of that State, and
elected a Representative in Congress from Ohio, from
1841 to 1843, and was a member of the Committee on
Commerce.
Angela Benjamin F, — He was a citizen of New
York, and in 1857 he was appointed Minister Resident
to Sweden and Norway, where he remained until
1861.
Angel, William G, — He was a native of New
Shoreham, Rhode Island ; was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress from Burlington, Otsego County,
New York, from 1825 to 1827, and again from 1829 to
1833, and was a member of the Committees on Indian
Affairs and on Territories.
2
Anthony, Henry B. — He was born in Coven-
try, Rhode Island, April 1, 1815, of Quaker ancestry ;
graduated at Brown University in 1833, and in 1838
he assumed the editorial charge of the Providence
Journal, which he retained until called to a seat in
the United States Senate. He was elected Governor
of Rhode Island in 1849, re-elected in 1850, and de-
clined a re-election. He was elected a Senator in
Congress from Rhode Island for the term commencing
in 1859 and ending in 1865, serving as Chairman of
the Committee on Printing ; and he -was re-elected to
the Senate for the term ending in 1871, again serving
at the head of the Printing Committee and as a mem-
ber of the Committees on Claims, Naval Affairs,
Mines and Mining, and Post Offices and Post Roads.
He was a member of the National Committee appoint-
ed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to
Illinois ; and was one of the Senators designated by
the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in
1866. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
"Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. On the meeting
of the Forty-first Congress he was elected President
of the Senate, pro tern. Re-elected to the Senate in
1870, for the term ending in 1877.
Anthony, Joseph J5. — Born in Pennsylvania ;
was elected a Representative in Congress from that
State, from 1833 to 1838, serving as a member of the
Committees on Territories and Military Affairs. He
died at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, January 17,
1851.
Appleton, tTohn, — Born in 1804 ; graduated at
Bowdoin College in 1822 ; was Judge of the Supreme
Court of Maine in 1852 ; Chief Justice in 1862 ; and
was the author of ' ' Reports of Supreme Judicial Court
of Maine," 2 vols., in 1841. He received the degree of
LL. D. from Bowdoin College.
Appleton, tTohn. — Born in Beverly, Massachu-
setts, February 11, 1815 ; graduated at Bowdoin Col-
lege, Maine, in 1834 ; was admitted to practice law at
Portland, Maine, in 1837. In the winter of 1838-39
he became editor of a Democratic newspaper in that
city. The Eastern Argus, and continued to be its
editor for the next four or five years, during a part of
which time he was also Register of Probate for the
County of Cumberland. In 1845 he accepted an in-
vitation from Mr. Bancroft, the Secretary of the Navy,
to become Chief Clerk of the Navy Department ; sub-
sequently he succeeded Mr. Trist as Chief Clerk of
the State Department, which was then presided over
by Mr. Buchanan. In 1848 he was appointed by
President Polk Charge d' Affaires of the United
States to Bolivia. On his return from that mission,
which he resigned after the election of General Tay-
lor, he resumed the practice of law at Portland, in
partnership with Nathan Clifford, now one of the
Judges of the Supreme Court of the United
States ; but soon afterwards, in September, 1850, he
was elected, from the Portland District, a member of
the Thirty-second Congress. In 1855 he joined Mr.
Buchanan, at London, as Secretary of Legation, but
returned home in time for the Presidential canvass of
1856. In 1857, having been obliged from ill-health to
decline the position to which he had been invited, of
editor of the Washington Union, he was appointed
by President Buchanan Assistant Secretary of
State. In May, 1860, he was appointed Minister to
Russia. He died in Portland, Maine, August 22,
1864.
Appleton, John James, — His father was
United States Consul at Calais, France. He was born
in France, September 22, 1792 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1818 ; was U. S. Secretary of Legation
to Portugal, from 1819 to 1822 ; to Spain, from 1822
to 1825; Charge d' Affaires to the Two Sicilies in 1825;
10
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
and to Sweden in 1826. He resided in France, where
lie owned a valuable estate. Wliile at Stockholm he
negotiated a treaty of Commerce. Died at Rennes,
France, March 4, 1864.
Appleton, Nathan, — Born at New Ipswich,
New Hampshire, October 6, 1779. He entered Dart-
mouth College in 1794, but left his studies there, after
being invited by his brother to join him in the mer-
cantile business in Boston. He became interested in
the cotton manufacture, and in 1821 was one of the
three original founders of Lowell. He was at differ-
ent periods a member of the Legislature of Massa-
chusetts, and from 1831 to 1833, and again in 1842,
was elected a Representative of that State in Con-
gress, serving on important committees ; but soon re-
signed his seat, and has since taken no part in public
affairs. He published pamphlets and essays on Cur-
rency, Banking, and the Tariff. He died in Boston,
July 14, 1861. A memoir of his life was published
by Robert C. Winthrop.
Appletorif William, — Born in Brookfield, Mas-
sachusetts, November, 1786, and was educated for
mercantile pursuits, in which he was engaged exten-
sively and successfully for more than fifty years. He
ever took a prominent part in various public enter-
prises and benevolent objects ; gave much attention
to banking and financial operations, and was for some
years, and until the close of the institution. President
of the Branch Bank of the United States in Boston.
In 1850 he was elected a Representative in Congress
from Massachusetts, and re-elected in 1852. He was
also elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but died
in February, 1862, in Boston.
ArcJieVf John, — He was born in Harford County,
Maryland, in 1741, and graduated at Nassau Hall in
1760. He studied divinity, but, on account of a throat
affection, turned his attention to medicine, and went
through a course of study at the Philadelphia Medical
College, having received the first medical diploma
ever issued in the New World. At the commence-
ment of the Revolution he had command of a military
company ; was a member of the State Legislature ;
and after the war he practiced his profession ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1797 ; was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland, from 1801 to 1807 ; and died
in 1810. As a medical man he commanded great in-
fluence, and several discoveries were made by him,
which have been adopted by the profession.
JLrcherf Stevenson, — He was born in Harford
County, Maryland ; graduated at Princeton College in
1805 ; was a Judge of the Court of Appeals ; and
elected a Representative in Congress from that State,
from 1811 to 1817, when he was appointed Judge in
Mississippi Territory. He was chosen a Representa-
tive in Congress again, from 1819 to 1821, and was a
member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. In
1845 he was appointed Chief Justice of Maryland,
which oflBce he held until his death in 1848. He was
the son of John Archer.
Archer f Stevenson, — He was born in Harford
County, Maryland, 1827 ; graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1846 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a
member of the Maryland Legislature in 1854, and in
1866 he was elected a Representative from Maryland
to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees
on Naval Affairs, Expenditures on Public Buildings,
and Education in the District of Columbia. His
father, bearing his own name, and his grandfather,
named John, were both Representatives in Congress
from the same district which he represented. Re-
elected to the Forty-first Congress, was a Delegate to
the New York Convention of 1868, also re-elected to
the two subsequent Congresses.
Archer, William S, — Born in Amelia County,
Virginia, March 5, 1789. He came of a Welsh
family, a number of whom acquitted themselves
with honor in the Revolutionary War. He obtained
the rudiments of his education at the best grammar
schools of the day ; graduated at the College of Wil-
liam and Mary ; and studied law. In 1812 he was
elected to the State Legislature, where he served,
excepting one year, until 1819. In 1820 he was
elected a Representative in Congress from Virginia,
where he remained until 1835, taking an active part
in all matters of national importance, and exerting a
paramount influence, especially as Chairman of the
Committee on Foreign Relations, and member of the
Committee on the Missouri Compromise. In 1841 he
was elected to the United States Senate, where he
remained until 1847, having, from the start, been
placed at the head of the Committee on Foreign Re-
lations in that body. By his public acts, he com-
manded the respect of the country ; and by the
charms of his private character won the friendship
of many of the leading men of his day. On his re-
tirement from public life, he devoted himself to the
improvement of his paternal estate ; and died March
28, 1855, of neuralgia, with which he had been af-
flicted for twenty years.
Annor, Charles Lee, — He was born in Vir
ginia, and appointed from Maryland an Associate
Judge of the United States Court, for the Territory
of Colorado.
Armstrong f tToJm, — A native of Pennsylva-
nia ; distinguished himself in the Indian wars, and
was consulted by the proprietors of Pennsylvania on
all matters connected with Indian affairs. In 1776,
Congress promoted him from the rank of Colonel to
that of Brigadier- General, and he assisted in the de
fense of Fort Moultrie, and in the battle of German-
town ; in 1777 he resigned his commission in conse
quence of dissatisfaction as to rank. He was subse-
quently elected a Representative to Congress from
Pennsylvania, serving from 1793 to 1795, and he also
held a number of other honorable offices. He died
at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, March 9, 1795, a few days
after the expiration of his term in Congress. Was
son of John.
Armstrong f John, — He was born in Carlisle,
Pennsylvania, November 25, 1755, and served as an
officer in the Revolutionary War. At the close of the
war, in order to obtain redress for the grievances
sustained by the oflScers of the army, he prepared
the celebrated " Newburgh Letters." He was a
Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1778 and
1787, from Pennsylvania, where he was made Secre-
tary of State and Adjutant-General of the State ;
and to him was intrusted the direction of the last
Pennsylvania war against the Connecticut settlers of
Wyoming. Returning to New York, he was sent to
the Senate of the United States, serving from 1800
to 1804, when he resigned. On the return of Chan-
cellor Livingston from the French embassy, he was
commissioned Minister in his place, in 1804 ; and was
also appointed a Commissioner Plenipotentiary to
Spain. Returning to his own country, he was ap-
pointed a Brigadier-General in 1812 ; in 1813, Secre-
tary of War, by President Madison, which position
he resigned in consequence of diflBculties growing
out of the capture of Washington. From that
time he lived in retirement upon his estate at Red
Hook, but passed a few years in Maryland. He pub-
lished a brief history of the last war with England.
He died at Red Hook, New York, April 1, 1843.
Armstrong, Moses if .—Born at Milan, Ohio,
September 19, 1832 ; educated at the Western Re-
serve College ; removed to Minnesota in 1856 : was
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
11
elected Surveyor of United States Lands ; on the ad-
mission of Minnesota as a State, lie removed to
Yankton, on the Missouri River ; on the organization
of Dakota in 1861, he was elected to the first Terri-
torial Legislature, and re-elected in 1862 and 1863,
serving the last year as Speaker ; was editor of
The Dakota Union in 1864 ; was elected Territo-
rial Treasurer ; appointed Clerk of the Supreme
Court in 1865 ; elected to the Territorial Senate in
1866, chosen President in 1867 ; published the first
history of Dakota, in 1867 ; acted as Secretary to the
Indian Peace Commission to the Sioux ; from 1866 to
1869 he established the base-lines for United States
surveys in Southern Dakota, and the Northern Red
River Valley ; was again elected to the Territorial
Senate in 1869 ; established the first Democratic
newspaper in the Territoiy ; was chosen President of
the First National Bank of the Territory in 1872 ; and
in 1870 was elected Delegate to the Forty-second and
Forty-third Congresses.
A.rmstrong , Jiobert. — Born in East Tennessee,
in 1790 ; settled in Nashville ; commanded a company
of Tennessee Artillery in the Creek War in 1813 and
1814, where he distinguished himself, and was dan-
gerously wounded at Talladega in 1814 ; commanded
the artillery at the battle of New Orleans ; was Brig-
adier-General, commanding the Tennessee Mounted
Volunteers, at Wahoo Swamp, in the Florida V^ar, in
1836 ; was Postmaster of Nashville, from 1839 to
1845 ; Consul at Liverpool, from 1845 to 1852 ; and
subsequently editor and proprietor of the Washington
Union, and confidential adviser of President Polk.
Died in Washington, District of Columbia, February
23, 1854.
Armstrong, S, T, — He was elected Lieutenant-
Governor of Massachusetts in 1836, and was soon
called upon to act as Governor of the State, in the
place of John Davis.
Arinstrong, William, — He was born in Lis-
burn, Antrim County, Ireland, December 23, 1782.
He came to this country in 1792 ; had a limited edu-
cation ; studied law in Winchester, Virginia ; devoted
himself to mercantile pursuits. In 1813 he was ap-
pointed, by President Madison, Collector for the
Sixth District of Virginia ; in 1818 and 1819 he was
a member of the Virginia House of Delegates ; in
1822 and 1823, a member of the Board of Public
Works ; and in 1820 and 1824 he was a Presidential
Elector ; for many years a Justice of the Peace ; one
year High Sheriff of Hampshire County ; and he was
a Representative in Congress from 1825 to 1833.
Since that time he has lived in retirement in the
pleasant valley of the South Branch of the Potomac.
Armstrong f William JT.— Born in Williams-
port, Pennsylvania, September 7, 1824; graduated
at Princeton College in 1847 ; adopted the profession
of law ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1860
and 1861 ; and was elected a Representative from
Pennsylvania to the Forty-first Congress, serving on
the Committees on Indian Affairs and the Civil Ser-
vice.
Arnell, Samuel M, — He was born in Maury
County, Tennessee, May 3, 1833 ; his grandfather
having been a soldier in the Revolution, and acquit-
ted himself with credit at " King's Mountain." He
was educated for the Church, but taught a classic
school and studied law ; in 1859 he went into the bus-
iness of manufacturing leather ; in 1861 he took an
active interest in putting down the Rebellion, and
suffered in person and property from the Confederate
Army ; was elected to the Tennessee Legislature, and
advocated the passage of the Constitutional Amend-
ment in 1865 ; and he was elected a Representative
from Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth Congress, taking
his seat near the close of the first session and serving
on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Re-elect-
ed to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving
on the Committee on Accounts and as Chairman of
that on Expenditures in the State Department.
Arnold, Benedict, — He was a member of the
Assembly of New York from Amsterdam, Montgom-
ery County, in 1816 and 1817, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State, from 1829 to
1831.
Arnold, Isaac iV. — Born in Hardwicke, Otsego
County, New York, in November, 1815 ; while en-
gaged in acquiring an education, he taught school,
studied law, and came to the bar in 1835 ; in 1836 he
removed to Chicago, Illinois ; in 1837 he was First
Clerk of the City of Chicago ; in 1843 he was elected
to the Illinois Legislature, and took an active part in
the canal improvements ; in 1844 he was a Presiden-
tial Elector ; was for a time Attorney for the Illinois
and Michigan Canal ; and in 1860 he was elected a
Representative from Illinois to the Thirty- seventh
Congress, serving as Chairman of the Select Com-
mittee on the Defenses and Fortifications of the Great
Lakes and Rivers, In 1862 he was elected for another
term to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Manufactures, and as Chairman of that
on Roads and Canals. In May, 1865, he was ap-
pointed by President Johnson Sixth Auditor of the
Treasury; and in 1866 he published a "History of
Abraham Lincoln."
Arnold, Jonathan, — Born in Providence,
Rhode Island, December 14, 1741 ; was a member of
the State Assembly in 1776 ; was author of the Act
of May, 1776, repealing the laws providing for the oath
of allegiance to the mother country ; was a surgeon
in the Revolutionary Army, and after the war he re-
moved to St. Johnsbury, Vermont, where he was
appointed Judge of the Orange County Court in 1782,
holding that office during the remainder of his life.
He was a member of the Continental Congress from
1782 to 1784. Died in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, Feb-
ruary 2, 1798.
Arnold, Lemuel H, — Born in St. Johnsbury,
Vermont, January 29, 1792, and removed to Rhode
Island at an early age. He graduated at Dartmouth
College, in 1811 ; was educated for the bar, but
turned his attention to mercantile pursuits. In 1831
he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, and re-elect-
ed in 1832 ; he was a member of the Governor's Coun-
cil during the Dorr Rebellion in 1842 ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from 1845 to 1847 ; and died in
Kingston, Rhode Island, June 27, 1852.
Arnold, Peleg, — Was a member of the Assem-
bly of Rhode Island ; was for many years Chief Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court of that State ; was a Dele-
gate to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788,
when he was appointed Judge. He died in Smithfield,
Rhode Island, February 13, 1820, aged sixty-eight
years.
Arnold, Samuel, — He was born in Haddam,
Middlesex County, Connecticut, June 1, 1806 ; re-
ceived his education at Plainfield Academy, in Con-
necticut, and Westfield Academy, in Massachusetts ;
has devoted the most of his life to agricultural pur-
suits, and to various interests of commerce ; having
also for many years carried on one of the most exten-
sive stone quarries in the Union. He was, also, for
a number of years, President of the Bank of East
Haddam. He served his native county in the Leg-
islature during the years 1839, 1842, 1844, and 1851,
and was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, as a
12
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Representative from Connecticut, serving as a mem-
ber of the Committee on Claims.
Arnold, Samuel G, — Born in Providence,
Rhode Island, April 12, 1821 ; graduated at Brown
University in 1841, having taken a year from the
course to travel in Europe and the East ; spent two
years in a counting-house in Providence, and again
visited Europe ; spent two years at the Harvard Law
School, and, having graduated, came to the bar in
1845 ; but instead of practicing, again visited Europe,
and also South America. In 1852 he was elected
Lieutenant-Governor of Rhode Island ; in 1859 and
1860 he published the "History of the State of Rhode
Island," a work upon which he had long been
engaged ; in 1861 he was a Delegate to the Peace
Convention, and again chosen Lieutenant-Governor of
the State ; and, on the breaking out of the Rebellion,
he took the field, for a few weeks, in command of a
battery of artillery, as aide-de-camp to Governor
Sprague. In 1862 lie was again elected Lieutenant-
Governor of Rhode Island, and was soon afterwards
chosen Senator in Congress from Rhode Island, for the
unexpired term of J. F. Simmons, resigned, serving
on the Committees on Commerce and Claims.
Arnold, Thomas D, — He was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Knox County, Tennessee,
from 1831 to 1833; and for a second term, from 1841 to
1843, representing Greenville County ; and he was a
member of the Committees on Elections and Claims.
Arrington, Alfred TV, — Born in Iredell
County, North Carolina, in September, 1810 ; son of
Archibald, a member of Congress ; received a good
education and became an itinerant preacher in the
Methodist Church, laboring with great success in
Indiana and Missouri ; in 1834 he abandoned the min-
istry and studied law, coming to the bar in Missouri ;
in 1885 removed to Arkansas, and was elected to the
Legislature of that State in 1836 ; on the admission of
Texas into the Union, he removed to that State, and
in 1850 was Judge of the Twelfth District Court, in
which position he remained until 1856. He subse-
quently removed to Madison, in Wisconsin, and soon
afterward to Chicago, where he resided permanently.
He was distinguished for his eloquence and legal
ability ; and died in Chicago from over- work, Decem-
ber 31, 1867.
Ar7^ington, H, Archibald. — He was born in
North Carolina, and represented that State in Con-
gress from 1841 to 1845, after which he retired to
private life. He was a member of the Committee on
Expenditures in the War Department. His son, Alfred
W., attained distinction as a Methodist preacher, a
lawyer, and judge, and a writer for the magazines
under the assumed name of Charles Summerfield,
residing in North Carolina, Arkansas, Indiana, Mis-
souri, and Illinois.
Arthur, William JE, — Born at Cincinnati,
Ohio, March 3, 1825 ; removed with his parents to
Covington, Kentucky, where he was educated ;
studied law and admitted to the bar in 1850 ; elected
Attorney for the Ninth Judicial District, and served
from 1856 to 1862 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1860 ;
elected Judge of the Ninth Judicial District in 1866,
for a full term, but resigned in two years, and was
elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con-
gresses, serving on the Committees on Elections and
Railways and Canals.
Asboth, Alexander Sandor. — Born in Kesz-
thely. County of Zaln, Hungary, December 18, 1811 ;
studied at Oedenburg ; served in the Austrian army,
and afterwards devoted himself to engineering. In
1848 and 1849 he took the side of the Liberals in the
Hungarian army, and was in several battles, and at-
tained the rank of Adjutant-General. He went with
Kossuth to Turkey, and was imprisoned with him at
Kutaiah, and on their release in 1851 he came to the
United States on the frigate Mississippi, and
became a citizen. He was a farmer, engineer, and
manufacturer until 1861, when he offered his services
to the government, and went as chief of Fremont's
staff to Missouri. He was made a Brigadier-General,
and commanded the Western Division in Fremont's
campaign, which formed the rearguard at Rolla. He
was with General Curtis in Arkansas, and was
wounded in the battle of Pea Ridge, In 1863 he
commanded at Columbus, Kentucky, and then in
West Florida, where he was again wounded ; in 1865
he was brevetted Major-General for his services in
Florida. He was appointed Minister to the Argentine
Republic in 1866. Died in consequence of his wounds,
at Buenos Ayres, January 21, 1868.
Ash, Michael W. — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State, from 1835 to 1837, serving as a member of
the Committee on Naval Affairs.
Ashe, John Saptiste. — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from North Carolina, from 1790 to
1793 ; was one of those who voted for locating the
Seat of Government on the Potomac ; was elected
Governor of the State of North Carolina in 1801 ;
and died November 27, 1802. He was a Delegate to
the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788.
Ashe, John IB. — He was a son of John Baptiste,
and was elected a Representative in Congress from
Tennessee, from 1843 to 1845, representing the Tenth
District, and serving as a member of the Committees
on Invalid Pensions and Expenditures in the State
and Treasury Departments.
Ashe, Samuel, — Born in North Carolina in 1725,
and brother of General John B. , of the old Congress.
He was a lawyer of ability, a citizen of exalted pat-
riotism, and a soldier in emergencies ; was a leading
member of the North Carolina Congress ; Chief
Justice of the State from 1777 to 1796 ; Governor of
North Carolina from 1795 to 1798 ; and died at Rocky
Point, North Carolina, February 3, 1813.
Ashe, Thomas S, — Born in Orange County, North
Carolina ; graduated at the University of North Caro-
lina in 1832 ; studied law, and pursued that profes-
sion ; was elected in 1842 a member of the Legislature
of North Carolina ; was elected in 1847 Solicitor of
the Fifth Judicial District of North Carolina, and
served in that capacity four years ; was elected in 1854
to the State Senate ; was elected in 1861 to the House
of Representatives of the Confederate States, and to
the Senate of the Confederate Congress in 1864 ; was
one of the Councilors of State in 1866 ; and was
elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses,
serving on the Committee on Coinage, Weights and
Measures.
Ashe, William S, — Born in Wilmington, North
Carolina, and was the son of John Baptiste ; was a
lawyer by profession ; served in the State Legislature
in 1846, and was re-elected in 1848 ; he was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from 1849 to 1853, serving on
the Committee on Expenditures in the State Depart-
ment. Was killed on a railroad, near Wilmington,
in 1864.
Ashley, Chester, — Born at Westfield, Massachu-
setts, June 1, 1790, but was removed in infancy to
Hudson, New York, where he resided until he reached
the age of twenty-seven. He then went to Illinois,
and after practicing law in that State for two years.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
13
removed to the Territory of Arkansas, and established
himself in Little Rock, then a mere landing. He was
chosen a Senator in Congress from Arkansas in 1844
and was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee in that
body. He served until his death, which occurred in
Washington City, April 29, 1848.
jLshleyf Delos H. — He received a general educa-
tion, and studied law in Monroe, Michigan ; went to
California in 1849, where he held the office of District
Attorney in 1851, 1852, and 1853 ; was a member of
the California Assembly in 1854 and 1855 ; a State
Senator in 1856 and 1857 ; and State Treasurer in 1862
and 1863. Early in 1864 he removed to Nevada, and
was elected a Representative from that State to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Mines and Mining, and on that on Free
Schools in the District of Columbia. Re-elected to
the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Public Lands. Died in San Francisco, July 18, 1873.
jLshley, Henry, — He was born in Cheshire
County, New Hampshire, and was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Delaware and Greene
counties, New York, from 1825 to 1827.
Ashley f James JK, — Born in Pennsylvania,
November 14, 1824 ; was self-educated ; became an
adventurer at the age of fifteen, at one time acting as
clerk on the store-boats of the Ohio and Mississippi,
and then doing service in a printing-office. He studied
law, and was admitted to the bar of Ohio in 1849 ;
but, instead of practicing his profession, he went into
the business of boat-building, and was connected with
the press. He subsequently settled at Toledo, and
went into the wholesale drug business, and was
elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Commit-
tee on Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, and made Chairman of the Committee on
Territories ; and also re-elected to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims, and
as Chairman of the Committee on Territories, and
under his immediate supervision the Territories of
Arizona, Idaho, and Montana were organized. Re-
elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving again
at the head of the Committee on Territories, and as
a member of those on Unfinished Business and Mines
and Mining. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia
"Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ; and was re-elected
to the Fortieth Congress.
Ashley f William if. — Born in Powhatan
County, Virginia, and emigrated to Missouri, then
Upper Louisiana, in 1808, and settled near the Lead
Mines. In 1822, he projected the scheme of the
"Mountain Expedition," by uniting the Indian trade
in the Rocky Mountains with the hunting and trap-
ping business. He enlisted about three hundred
hardy men in the business, and, after various suc-
cesses and reverses, having sustained numerous
losses by Indian robbery and river disasters, he and
his associates realized a handsome fortune. He was
the first Lieutenant-Governor of Missouri, after it
became a State, and a Representative in Congress,
from 1831 to 1837. He died near Boonville, Missouri,
March 26, 1838.
Ashmore^ John D, — Born in Greenville Dis-
trict, South Carolina, August 7, 1819 ; served as a
merchant's clerk for several years, and then taught
school until he became of age ; studied law, but, in-
stead of following that profession, turned his atten-
tion to agriculture ; when quite young filled various
offices in the State Militia ; was a member of the
South Carolina Legislature in 1848, 1850, and 1852 ; in
1853, he was elected Comptroller-General of the State
for two years, and re-elected for a second term ; and
he was subsequently elected a Representative from
South Carolina to the Thirty-sixth Congress. With-
drew in December, 1860.
Ashmufif Eli JPorter, — He was a distinguished
lawyer, and for several years a member of the House
of Representatives and Senate of Massachusetts ; and
was elected, in 1816, to succeed C. Gore as Senator
from that State in Congress ; this office he resigned
in 1818. He died at Northampton, Massachusetts,
May 10, 1819, aged forty-eight.
Ashmun, George, — Born in Bandford, Massa-
chusetts, December 25, 1804 ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1823 ; studied law, and settled in Springfield
in 1828. He served in the State Legislature during
the years 1833, 1835, 1836, 1838, and 1841, officiating
as Speaker of the House in the latter year. He was
a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1851, and
was a member of the Committees on the Judiciary,
Indian Affairs, and on Rules. Since that time he has
been devoted to the practice of his profession. In
1860 he was elected President of the Chicago Con-
vention, convened to nominate a President and Vice-
President, and was subsequently appointed a Director
of the Union Pacific Railroad. In 1866 he was chosen
a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con-
vention," but did not take part in its proceedings.
Died at Springfield, Massachusetts, July 10, 1870.
AshtoUf tT, Huhley, — He was a citizen of Penn-
sylvania, from which State he was appointed, in 1864,
Assistant Attorney-General of the United States,
serving three years ; re-appointed in 1868, serving one
year ; and was subsequently associated with the
Court for the settlement of the Alabama Claims.
Asper, Joel F, — Born in Adams County, Penn-
sylvania, April 20, 1822 ; removed witli his father to
Ohio in 1830 ; worked on a farm and attended school
alternately ; studied law and came to the bar in 1844,
writing frequently for the newspapers ; was elected
a Justice of the Peace in 1846 ; in 1847, a Prosecuting
Attorney for his County ; was a Delegate to the Buf-
falo Convention of 1848 ; editor of the Western Re-
serve Chronicle in 1849, and of the Ghardon Democrat
in 1850 ; in 1861, he raised a company and was mus-
tered into the Volunteer Army as Captain, serving at
the battle of Winchester, where he was wounded ;
was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in
1862, and in 1863 he was mustered out of service " on
account of wounds received in action." In the latter
year he organized a regiment of National Guards and
became its Colonel, and, with it, was at the battle of
Kellar's Bridge in 1864 ; for his services there he was
highly complimented ; in that year he removed to
Missouri ; in 1866, he started a paper at Chillicothe,
called the Spectator, and, while editing that journal
and practicing law, he was, in 1868, elected a Repre-
sentative from Missouri to the Forty-first Congress,
serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. Died
at home in October, 1872.
Atchison, David H, — He was born in Frog-
town, Fayette County, Kentucky, August 11, 1807;
was educatf^d for the bar ; and removed to Missouri
in 1830. He was elected to the Legislature of that
State in 1834 and 1838. In 1841 he was appointed
Judge of the Platte County Circuit Court ; and during
the year 1843 was appointed a Senator of Congress,
to which position he was twice elected, serving until
1855, frequently at the head of important committees,
and for several sessions as President pro tempore of
the Senate. He was subsequently devoted to agricul-
tural pursuits.
Atherton, Charles G, — He was bom in Am-
herst, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, July 4,
14
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
1804 ; graduated at Cambridge in 1833 ; studied law,
but engaged in politics wben quite young. He was
for many years in the Legislature of New Hampshire,
and for three years Speaker of the House. He was
a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1843 ; a
Senator in Congress from 1843 to 1849 ; and in No-
vember, 1853, he was re-elected a Senator to fill a
vacancy ; and died of apoplexy in Manchester, New
Hampshire, November 15, 1853. He was Chairman,
in the Senate, of the Committee on Finance, and was
identified with a measure on the Suppression of Peti-
tions in regard to the subject of Slavery.
AfJiertorif diaries H, — He was born in Am-
herst, New Hampshire, August 14, 1773, and gradu-
ated at Harvard College in 1794. He held the office
of Register of Probate from 1798 to 1807 ; was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from 1815 to 1817 ; and stood
at the head of the bar in Hillsborough County for
many years ; a member of the State Legislature in
1833, and again in 1838 and 1839. He died in Am-
herst, January 8, 1853.
AthinSf fTohn D, C, — Was born in Henry
County, Tennessee, June 4, 1835 ; graduated at the
East Tennessee University in 1846 ; studied law ; was
elected a member of the Legislature in 1849 and in
1851 ; to the State Senate, in 1855 ; chosen a Presiden-
tial Elector in 1856 ; elected a Representative in Con-
gress in 1857 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1860 ; was
Lieutenant-Colonel of the Fifth Tennessee Regi-
ment in the Confederate Army in 1861 ; was elected
to the Confederate Provisional Congress in August,
1861, and re-elected in 1863 ; and was elected to the
Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on
the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.
Athinsorif Archibald, — Born in Isle of Wight
County, Virginia, September 13, 1793. He left school
at the age of eighteen, and entered the office of the
Clerk of the County Court, and performed the duties
of copyist, devoting his leisure time to the study of
law, which he completed at the Law School of Wil-
liam and Mary College. In 1813 he joined the troops
at Norfolk, as ensign of a volunteer company which
was attached to the 39th Regiment, and was at the
battle of Craney Island. Upon leaving the army he
commenced the practice of law in Smithfield, and
was a member of the General Assembly from 1815 to
1817, and also of the House of Delegates and State
Senate for several years. In 1843 he was elected a
Representative in Congress from Virginia, and served
until 1848, and was a member of the Committees on
Naval Affairs and Commerce. He was Prosecuting
Attorney for his county twenty years. Mayor of Smith-
field, and a magistrate. Died at Isle of Wight, Janu-
ary 10, 1873.
Athhison, Henry ilf.— Born in Wheeling,
Virginia, September 9, 1838 ; removed to Ohio in 1846
■with his parants ; educated chiefly at the Denverson
University, Ohio, and in Connecticut ; removed to
Nebraska in 1857, and engaged in the land agency
business ; studied law and came to the bar in 1861 ;
served as Adjutant of Cavalry, and in 1864 became
Provost-Marshal for Southern ISTebraska ; from 1867 to
1871 he was Register of the Land Office in Nebraska ;
subsequently turned his attention to the law and
railroad building ; in 1873 was appointed a Special
Commissioner to Mexico ; and in May, 1875, he was
appointed Commissioner of Pensions in Washington.
AfkinsoUf Mohert tf. — He was born in Ohio,
and was appointed from that State, in 1854, Third
Auditor of the Treasury, and remained in office
until 1855 ; after which, until his death, he was
engaged in the prosecution of Claims before the De-
partments.
Atkinsonf Theodore, — Born in New Castle,
New Hampshire, December 30, 1697 ; graduated at
Harvard University in 1718 ; was Secretary of the
Colony in 1741, Chief Justice in 1754, and Major-
General of Militia in 1769 ; but the Revolution de-
prived him of all these offices ; he was a Delegate to
the Congress at Albany in 1754, and was one of the
Committee that drew up the plan of Union for the
defense of the Colonies ; he was for many years in
the Legislature and Council ; also held the office of
Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas ; was Colonel of
Militia, and in active service during the French and
Indian wars ; was Collector of Portsmouth, and Sheriff.
At his death, he left two hundred pounds to the
Episcopal Church of New Hampshire, the interest to
be spent in bread for the poor. Died September 33,
1779.
At Lee^ Samuel J'oJm,— Was bom in 1738 ;
commanded a Pennsylvania company in the French
War ; and in 1776 commanded an advanced battalion
on Long Island ; was made prisoner and remained
some time in the hands of the British. He was after-
wards a Commissioner to treat with the Indians ; was
a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to
1783 ; and one of the Committee on the meeting of
Pennsylvania troops in 1781. He died in Philadel-
phia in November, 1786.
AiilicJCf fTohn II, — Born in Virginia ; was ap-
pointed Midshipman in the United States Navy,
November 15, 1809 ; Master's Mate in the action be-
tween the Enterprise and Boxer, September 4,
1813 ; Lieutenant, December 9, 1814 ; Commander
March 3, 1831 ; Captain, September 8, 1841 ; Commo-
dore on retired list, July 16, 1863. He commanded
sloop Vincennes in 1837 ; East India squadron in
1853 and 1853. In 1851 he was empowered to obtain
permission to purchase supplies for the United States,
steamers in Japan, and to negotiate a treaty of amity
and commerce with that Empire. He commenced the
important work which was completed by Commodore
M. C. Perry.
Austin f Archibald, — He was a Representative
in Congress, from Virginia, from 1817 to 1819.
Austin, Horace, — He was Governor of Min-
nesota from 1870 to 1874.
Avci^ettf Thomas H, — He was bom in Vir-
ginia ; was a resident of Halifax County, and elected
a Representative in Congress from the Third District
in that State, from 1849 to 1853, and was a member
of the Committees on Invalid Pensions, and on Re-
visal, and Unfinished Business.
Averillf Hohn T, — Bom in Alna, Maine, March
1, 1835 ; completed his studies at the Maine Wesley-
an University ; was a manufacturer ; was elected
to the State Senate of Minnesota in 1858 and 1859 ;
entered the Union Army in 1863, as Lieutenant-Colo-
nel of the Sixth Minnesota Infantry, and was mus-
tered out in 1865, as Brigadier-General of Volunteers ;
and was elected to the Forty-second Congress ; re-
elected to the Forty-third Congress ; serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs.
Avery, 'Benjamin P, — Bom in New York city
in 1839 ; received a good English education and
learned the art of wood-engraving ; removed to
California in 1849 and saw some life among the
miners ; in 1856 he established a weekly paper at
North San Juan called the Hydraulic Press ; in 1860
he joined the Marysville Appeal as assistant editor ;
in 1861 he was chosen State Printer ; was subse-
quently connected with the San Francisco Bulletin ;
in 1873 he became the editor of the Overland Monthly ;
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
15
and in 1874 he was appointed Minister to China ; and
died in Pekin, November 8, 1875. He had the repu-
tation of being a bold, forcible, and elegant writer ;
and was in every way a man of culture, having been
one of the founders of the San Francisco Art Associ-
ation.
A-t^eriff Daniel, — He was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress from New York from 1811 to 1815 ;
and again, from 1816 to 1817. Resided in Cayuga
County.
Avery f William T. — Born in Maury County,
Tennessee, November 11, 1819, and was very early
in life thrown upon his own resources for education
and support ; he is a lawyer by profession ; and was
elected to the Legislature of Tennessee in 1843. He
held several creditable positions in his native State,
and was chosen a Representative to the Thirty-fifth
Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on
Expenditures in the State Department, and on Private
Land Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Private Land
Claims.
Aoctell, Hanmiel H, — Born in Franklin County,
Ohio, October 14, 1819 ; was a student at the Western
Reserve College ; studied and practiced law ; emi-
grated to California in 1851, and was elected a Repre-
sentative from that State to the Fortieth and Forty -first
Congresses, serving on the Committees on Commerce
and Weights and Measures. In 1874 he was appointed
Governor of Utah ; and in 1875 to the same position
in New Mexico.
Aycrigg, John J5. — He was born in New York,
and was elected a Representative in Congress from
New .Jersey from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841
to 1843, and was a member of the Committee on Ex-
penditures in the Treasury Department, and the Joint
Committee on the Library, and on Invalid Pensions.
In 1844 he was also a Presidential Elector ; and he
was a candidate for election to the Twenty-sixth Con-
gress, but, although he came with the "Broad Seal"
of New Jersey, he was not admitted.
AyePf Hichard S, — He was born in Waldo Coun-
ty, Maine, October 9, 1829 ; received a common-school
education ; engaged in agricultural and mercantile
pursuits ; at the breaking out of the Rebellion, he en-
listed as a private in the Fourth Maine Volunteers,
and was promoted to a captaincy, which position he
held for three years, serving at the first battles of
Bull Run, Seven Pines, and Malvern Hill ; in 1865
he removed to Virginia ; in 1867 he was elected a
Delegate to the Virginia Constitutional Convention ;
and elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on
several Committees.
Babbitt^ Elijah,— Born in Providence, Rhode
Island, in 1796 ; received a common-school an4 aca-
demic education^ in the States of New York and Penn-
sylvania ; studied law in the latter State, and was
admitted to the bar in 1824 ; was Prosecuting Attor-
ney for the State in 1833 ; served in the State Legis-
lature in 1836 and 1837 ; was a State Senator in 1844
and 1845 ; and was elected a Representative from
Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving
as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pen-
sions. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress.
Habcoch, Alfred. — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1841 to 1843, serving
on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions.
JBabcock, Leander, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1851 to 1853.
SabcocJCf JVilliam, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833, serv-
ing on the Committee on Public Accounts.
JBaber^ Ambrose, — He was a citizen of Georgia,
and in 1841 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to
Sardinia, remaining there until 1843.
JSache^ Aleoaander Dallas, — He was bom in
Philadelphia, July 19, 1806, and a descendant of Ben-
jamin Franklin ; graduated at West Point in 1825 ;
served there one year as Assistant Professor ; was
Lieutenant of Engineers until his'resignation in 1829 ;
engaged in constructing Fort Adams and other works
at the entrance of Narragansett Bay. From 1827 to
1832 was Professor of Mathematics in the University
of Pennsylvania, and then took charge of the organ-
ization of Girard College, He spent some time in
1836 inspecting the great schools of Europe, publish-
ing upon his return a valuable work on the subject.
In 1839 he resigned his connection with this college,
and in 1841 was made Principal of the Philadelphia
High School. In 1843 was appointed Superintendent
of the United States Coast Survey ; was one of the
founders of the American Association for the Promo-
tion of Science ; in 1855 was made President of the
American Philosophical Society ; and was an active
and efficient member of the United States Sanitary
Commission throughout the civil war. The degree
of LL.D. was conferred on him by the University of
New York in 1836 ; by the University of Pennsylva-
nia in 1837 ; and by Harvard University in 1851. In
1846 he was made Regent of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution ; in 1833 edited Brewster's "Optics" with
notes; in 1840 to 1845 published "Observations" at
the Observatory of Girard College ; in 1834, Report of
Experiments to navigate the Chesapeake and Dela-
ware Canal by steam. Died at Newport, Rhode Isl-
and, February 17, 1867.
DacJcuSy Henry T, — He was a native of Nor-
wich, Connecticut ; received a liberal education,
adopted the profession of law, and removed to De-
troit in Michigan, where he was for many years de-
voted to his profession ; and he was subsequently
appointed an Associate Justice of the United States
Court for the Territory of Arizona.
Dacon, Ezekiel, — Born in Stockbridge, Massa-
chusetts, September 1, 1776 ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1794 ; was a member of the State Legislature
in 1805 and 1806 ; Chief Justice of Common Pleas in
1813 ; First Comptroller of the United States Treas-
ury from 1813 to 1815 ; was a Representative in Con-
gress from Massachusetts from 1807 to 1813 ; removed
to Utica, New York, and was a delegate to the State
Constitutional Convention in 1821. In 1843 he pub-
lished "Recollections of Fifty Years Since." Died
in Utica, October 18, 1870.
Daeon, John, — He was bom in Canterbury,
Connecticut, in 1737 ; graduated at the College of
New Jersey in 1765 ; studied theology, and after
preaching for a time in Maryland, removed to Massa-
chusetts, and settled in Boston. Owing to some difll-
culties with his congregation, he relinquished the
ministry, and subsequently held the positions of mag-
istrate, Representative in the State Legislature, Pre-
siding Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, a mem-
ber and President of the State Senate, and that of
Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from
1801 to 1803. He died in Berkshire County, October
25, 1820.
Dadger, George E, — Bom in the town of New-
bern. North Carolina, in 1795. He graduated at Yale
College in 1813 ; studied and practiced law ; and was
elected to the Leo^islature in 1816. In 1820 he was
16
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
elected a Judge of the Supreme Court, wliich lie re-
signed in 1825. He was appointed Secretary of tlie
Navy by President Harrison in 1841 ; and was elected
a Senator in Congress in 1846, and re-elected in 1849
for a term of six years, serving on the Committees on
Military and Naval Affairs. He was subsequently
wholly devoted to the practice of his profession, visit-
ing Washington occasionally to argue cases in the
Supreme Court of the United States. Died at Raleigh,
North Carolina, May 11, 1866.
JSadger, Luther, — Born in Partridgefield, Berk-
shire County, Massachusetts, April 10, 1785, but his
father removed to Broome County, New York, in
1786. Having made sufficient acquaintance in the
common branches of an English education, he en-
tered Hamilton College at the age of nineteen, and
spent two years there. In 1807 he commenced the
study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1812,
and continued to practice his profession until 1824,
when he was elected a RejDresentative to the Nine-
teenth Congress. He had been engaged in military
services in his State, and in 1819 was appointed by
Governor Clinton Judge-Advocate for the Twenty-
seventh Brigade of Infantry of New York State,
which office he held for eight years. In 1832 he re-
sumed the practice of law, and in 1840 was appointed
Examiner in Chancery and Commissioner of United
States Loans, which office he held for three years.
From 1846 to 1849 he was United States District At-
torney for New York.
JBadger, JVilliafn, — Born in Gilmanton, New
Hampshire, January 13, 1779 ; his youth was engaged
in mercantile pursuits ; was a member of the Legis-
lature from 1810 to 1812 ; and of the Senate from 1814
to 1816 ; President of that body in 1816 ; an Associate
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1816 to
1821 ; High Sheriff of Stafford County, New Hamp-
shire, from 1822 to 1832 ; and Governor of the State
from 1834 to 1836. Died September 21, 1852.
JiaeVf George, — He was born in Frederick,
Maryland ; was engaged in various kinds of business,
and was a Representative in Congress from Mary-
land from 1797 to 1801, and again from 1815 to 1817.
Died in Frederick at an advanced age.
JSagbj/f A.rthur JP, — He was born in Virginia,
in 1794 ; was liberally educated ; adopted the profes-
sion of law, and settled in Alabama in 1818 ; was
elected a member of the Legislature in 1820 and 1822,
and was Speaker of the House ; was Governor of Ala-
bama from 1837 to 1843 ; and a Senator in Congress
from that State, from 1842 to 1849. His last public
position was that of Minister to Russia, to which he
was appointed in 1848. He died of yellow fever, at
Mobile, September 21, 1858.
Hagleyf George A, — Born in Watertown, Jef-
ferson County, New York, July 22, 1826 ; received an
academic education ; studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1847 ; practiced law for six years, when
he engaged in the manufacture of iron and machin-
ery, which he still continues ; has been Supervisor of
the town of Watertown a number of years. Chairman
of the Board of Supervisors of Jefferson County, and
was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress as a Repre-
sentative from New York.
JBaghijf JoTiii C, — Born in Glasgow, Barren
County, Kentucky, January 24, 1819 ; educated at Ba-
con College ; studied law and went to the bar in 1846;
in that year removed to Rushville, Illinois, where he
has since practiced his profession ; and in 1874, with-
out seeking the nomination, was elected a Rep-
resentative from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
Baglei/f John J, — He was born in Medina, Or-
leans County, New York, July 24, 1832 ; went to
Michigan in 1840, and settled in Detroit ; received a
common-school education, and devoted himself to
mercantile and manufacturing pursuits ; in Detroit
he held the local offices of member of the Board of
Education, Alderman, and Police Commissioner ; and
in 1872 he was elected Governor of Michigan, and re-
elected to the same office in 1874.
JBailey, Alexander H, — Born in Minisink,
Orange County, New York, August 14, 1817 ; gradu-
ated at Princeton College in 1838 ; studied and prac-
ticed law ; in 1840, 1841, and 1842 he was Examiner
in Chancery for Greene County ; was a Justice of the
Peace at Catskill for four years ; was a member of the
State Assembly in 1849 ; was Judge of Greene Coun-
ty for four years from 1851 ; was a member of the
State Senate from 1861 to 1864 ; and was elected a
Representative from New York to the Fortieth Con-
gress, in the place of Roscoe Conkling, resigned, serv-
ing on the Committees on Private Land Claims and
Expenditures in the Interior Department. Re-elected
to the Forty-first Congress, serving on important
Committees. Died in Rome, New York, April 20, 1874.
JBailey, David J, — He was bom in Georgia, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1851 to 1855.
bailey, Goldsmith F, — Born in Westmore-
land, New Hampshire, July 17, 1823 ; finished his
schooling at the age of sixteen ; became a printer and
edited a country paper ; studied law, and was admit
ted to the bar in 1848 ; in 1856 he was elected to the
Legislature of Massachusetts ; in 1858 and 1860, to
the Senate of the State ; and was elected a Represent-
ative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-seventh
Congress. His health was impaired when he took his
seat in Congress, and he died at Fitchburg, Massa-
chusetts, May 8, 1862.
bailey, Jeremiah, — He was born at Little
Compton, Rhode Island ; graduated at Brown Uni-
versity, and studied law. He was a member of the
Maine Legislature from 1811 to 1814 ; a Judge of Pro-
bate from 1814 to 1835 ; and a Representative in Con-
gress from Lincoln County, Maine, from 1835 to
1837, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and
Expenditures in the Post Office Department. He was
also Collector of Customs at Wiscasset, from 1849 to
1853 ; and died in July of that year.
bailey, John, — He was born in Norfolk County,
Massachusetts ; was a member of the Massachusetts
Legislature from 1815 to 1818 ; a clerk in the De-
partment of State for six years ; a State Senator in
1831 and 1834 ; and a Representative in Congress
from Massachusetts from 1823 to 1831, serving on the
Committees on Public Expenditures and Expenditures
in the State Department ; and died at Dorchester,
Massachusetts, June 26, 1835.
Hailey, John L, — Born in Pasquotank, North
Carolina, August 13, 1795 ; educated at Chapel Hill
College ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1824
and to the State Senate in 1827 and 1828 ; and in 1836
he was made Chief Judge of the Superior Court, and
held the office for many years.
Bailey, Theodorus, — He was born in 1752 ;
was a Representative in Congress from New York
from 1793 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1803 ; and
a Senator in Congress from 1803 to 1804, when he re-
signed, and was appointed Postmaster of New York
city. He died September 6, 1828.
Baily, Josejyh, — He was born on the Brandy-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
17
wine battle-ground, Chester County, Pennsylvania,
March 18, 1810 ; received a limited education through
his own exertions, on account of the moderate cir-
cumstances of his father, and was early apprenticed
to a mechanical branch of business, which was his
first step to eminent success. From 1839 to 1845 he
represented his native county in both branches of the
Legislature, and from 1850 to 1854 represented Perry
County in the State Senate. In 1854 he was Treas-
urer of the State of Pennsylvania, and in 1860 was
elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees
on Agriculture and Printing. He was also re-elected
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the same
Committees ; and he was one of the twelve Demo-
crats in Congress who voted for the Constitutional
Amendment abolishing slavery.
Bairdf Spencer Fullerton.— Born in Reading,
Pennsylvania, February 3, 1833 ; graduated at Dick-
inson College ; in 1846 he was made Professor of Nat-
ural Sciences in that institution ; was appointed
Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in
1850 ; was the editor and translator of the " Iconogra-
phic Encyclopedia," 4 vols., 8vo, in 1851 ; author of
papers on Zoology, and of reports on Natural History
collections, made by Stansbury, Marcy and Gillis, of
the Mexican Boundary and Pacific Railroad Surveys ;
" The Birds of North America," 3 vols., 4to, 1860 ;
" Mammals of North America," 4to, 1861 ; he has also
made many valuable contributions to the publications
of the Journal of Sciences, Philadelphia, and the
Smithsonian Institution. His last publications were
on the Natural History and Distribution of Fish. He
was appointed United States Commissioner of Fisher-
ies ; and also as a Government Commissioner to the
Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition.
SakeVf Caleb, — He was bom in Providence,
Rhode Island ; served four years in the New York
Assembly ; and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1819 to 1831.
SakeVf Conrad, — He was Governor of Indiana
from 1867 to 1869.
BaJcer, David Jewett, — Born in East Haddam,
Connecticut, September 7, 1793 ; went with his par-
ents to Ontario County, New York, in 1800; worked
on a farm ; graduated at Hamilton College in 1816 ;
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1819, set-
tling in Kaskaskia, Illinois. He had an extensive
practice, and was Probate Judge of Randolph County.
He was a Senator in Congress from 1830 to 1831, car-
rying through Congress the important measure of
selling the public lands to actual settlers in quanti-
ties of forty acres ; was United States Attorney for
Illinois from 1833 to 1841. He opposed the introduc-
tion of slavery into Illinois in 1833 with such energy,
that his opponents tried to kill him. He died in Al-
ton, Illinois, August 6, 1869.
Baker, TSdtvard B, — Was born in England,
brought to this country when a child, and was early
left an orphan in Philadelphia. His father was a
weaver, and when a boy he worked at that business
himself. He obtained an education under many dif-
ficulties ; first studied for the ministry, but soon
turned his attention to the law, becoming famous as
an advocate in Illinois, to which State he emigrated
in his nineteenth year. After serving in the Illinois
Legislature for two years, he resigned, and, in 1846,
went to Mexico as a Colonel of Volunteers, acquitting
himself with credit at Cerro Gordo. He was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Illinois from 1849 to
1851 ; after which he took an active part in the build-
ing of the Panama Railroad ; in 1853 he settled in
San Francisco, devoting himself to his profession ; he
subsequently removed to Oregon, which State he rep-
resented as a Senator in Congress, taking his seat in
March, 1861. At the outbreak of the Rebellion, in
1861, he raised a body of men in Philadelphia, called
the California Regiment, and while gallantly leading
them in battle at Leesburg, Virginia, against a supe-
rior force, he was shot from his horse and killed, Oc-
tober 31, 1861.
Baher, Ezra, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New Jersey from 1815 to 1817.
Baker f Grafton, — He was born in Virginia and
removed to Mississippi, from which State he was
appointed an Associate Justice of the United States
Court for the Territory of New Mexico.
Baker f I, Wayles, — He was a Judge of the
Circuit Court for the Middle District of Florida for
a period of twenty years prior to 1866, having been
elected three times ; and he died in Tallahassee July
4, 1867.
Baker, James W, — Bom in Monroe, Butler
County, Ohio, May 6, 1839 ; received his education
at the Wesleyan University of that State ; became
a teacher, and had charge of a female seminary at
Richmond, Indiana ; in 1853 purchased the Scioto
Gazette and became its editor ; in 1855 he was elected
Secretary of State for Ohio ; subsequently removed
to Minnesota and became the Secretary of that State
also ; served as a Colonel in the army in 1863 and
1863 ; was made Provost-Marshal for the Department
of Missouri, and served as such until the close of the
Rebellion, having been made a Brigadier-General ;
he was then appointed Register of Public Lands at
Boonville, Missouri, holding the ofiice two years, and
returning to his farm in Minnesota ; and in 1871 he
was appointed Commissioner of Pensions, resigning
the position in 1875.
Baker, Jehu, — He was bom in Fayette County,
Kentucky, November 4, 1833 ; received a good edu-
cation, studied law and adopted it as a profession, and
was elected a Representative from Illinois to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Private Land Claims, and as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department,
and on the Special Committee on the Civil Service.
Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Education and Labor and Freedmen's
Affairs.
Baker, John, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Virginia from 1811 to 1813. He was a
lawyer, and died in Shepherdstown, Virginia, August
18, 1833.
Baker, John H, — Born in Parma, Monroe
County, New York, in 1833; removed with his father
to Fulton County, Ohio, when a child, and worked on
his farm till about twenty years of age ; was edu-
cated at the winter schools in the vicinity ; secured
by his own efforts three years' instruction in college,
and then studied law, and has practiced in Goshen,
Indiana, since the year 1857; was State Senator in
1863 ; and in 1874 was elected a Representative from
Indiana to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Baker, Osmyn, — He was bom in Amherst,
Massachusetts, May 18, 1800 ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1833 ; adopted the profession of law ; and was
a Representative in Congress from his native State
from 1839 to 1845. He was also a member of the
Massachusetts Legislature in 1833 and 1834 ; State
Councilor in 1853 and 1854.
Baker, Stephen, — ^He was born in the city of
18
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
New York, August 12, 1819 ; at an early age engaged
in mercantile pursuits, from which he retired, in
1849, to a country seat in Dutchess County, New
York ; and was elected a Representative from New
York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the
Committees on Roads and Canals and on Patents.
HaJiCVf William H, — Born in Lenox, Madison
County, New York, January 17, 1827; removed with his
parents to Oswego County in 1829 ; received his edu-
cation at the common schools, became a mechanic and
then a school-teacher ; studied law, and went to the
bar in 1851 ; in 1862 he was elected District-Attorney
for Oswego County ; re-elected in 1866 ; and in 1874
he was chosen a Representative from New York to
the Forty-fourth Congress.
Salchf Alfred* — He was an early emigrant to
the Territory of Florida, and in 1840 he was appoint-
ed one of the United States Judges for that Terri-
tory.
JBaldtvin^ Abraham, — Was a native of Con-
necticut, and a graduate of Yale College in 1772, and
from 1775 to 1779 he was a tutor in that institution.
Having studied law, he settled in Savannah, Georgia,
and, soon after his arrival there, he was chosen a mem-
ber of the Legislature. He originated the plan of the
University of Georgia, drew up the charter, and
persuaded the Assembly to adopt it, and was for some
time its President. He was a member of the Con-
tinental Congress from 1785 to 1788, and a member of
the Convention which framed the Constitution of the
United States, which he duly signed. From 1789 to
1799 he was a Representative in Congress from
Georgia, and from 1799 to 1807 he was a member of
the United States Senate, part of the time President
pro tempore of the Senate. He was one of those who
voted for locating the Seat of Government on the
Potomac. He died March 4, 1807, aged fifty-three
years. He was the half-brother of Henry Bald-
win.
Haldwin, Alexander W, — He was a native of
Alabama, where he was born in 1835; received a legal
education and settled in Virginia City, Nevada ; in
his thirtieth year was appointed United States Judge
for Nevada ; and was killed by a railway accident, at
Alameda, California, November 15, 1869. His father,
Joseph G, Baldwin, was the author of a popular book
entitled ' ' The Flush Times of Alabama and Missis-
sippi," and Judge of the Supreme Court of Califor-
nia.
JSaldtvifif Augustus C — Was born in Salina,
New York, December 24, 1817; received a common-
school education, and having lost his father when
young, became dependent upon his own efforts for
support ; in 1837 he emigrated to Michigan and
settled in Oakland County ; studied law, and at the
same time taught school, and came to the bar in 1842.
In 1844 and 1846 he was elected to the Legislature of
Michigan ; in 1853 and 1854 was Prosecuting Attorney
for his adopted county ; was a Delegate to the
Charleston and Baltimore Conventions of 1860
and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from
Michigan to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Agriculture and Expenditures
in the Interior Department. Was a Delegate to the
ChicagoConvention in 1864 ; and to the Philadelphia
''National Union Convention" of 1866.
Saldivirif Caleb. — He was born in Washington
County, State of Pennsylvania, April 3, 1824 ; gradu-
ated at Washington College in 1842 ; read law, moved
to Iowa, and began the practice of law there in 1846,
before Iowa was admitted into the Union ; was elected
one of the Judges of the Supreme Coiirt in the year
1859, at the first election had in that State under its
revised Constitution ; in 1862, at the age of thirty-
seven, he became Chief Justice of the State; and, hav-
ing served out his full term, he declined a re-election
and resumed the practice of law at Council Bluffs, his
present place of residence. Was appointed United
States District Attorney for the District of Iowa by
President Lincoln in 1865, a few days before his as-
sassination.
Haldivin, Henry, — He was born in New Haven,
Connecticut, in 1779 ; graduated at Yale College in
1797 ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania from 1817 to 1822, when he resigned.
He was a distinguished lawyer, and was for many
years Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of the
United States. He died in Philadelphia, April 21,
1844.
Saldwinf Henry .P. — He was born in Coven-
try, Rhode Island, February 22, 1814 ; was left an
orphan when a boy, and after receiving a good edu-
cation was a mercantile clerk at Pawtucket for eight
years before becoming of age, after which he was en-
gaged for several years in business on his own ac-
count in Woonsocket. In 1838 he emigrated to
Detroit, and, identifying himself with the interests
of Michigan, became President of the Second Na-
tional Bank of Detroit ; was for two years a State
Senator ; and he was elected Governor of Michigan
for the term commencing with 1869 and ending with
the year 1870, to which position he brought a full
store of general information gathered from foreign
travel and the study of men and books. Re-elected
in 1870 for a second term.
Baldwin f J, G, — He was an early emigrant to
California, and a lawyer ; and in 1857 he was appoint-
ed a Judge of the Supreme Court of that State ; sub-
sequently became Chief Judge ; and died in San
Francisco, September 30, 1864.
Saldtvinf tfohn, — He was born in Windham,
Connecticut ; and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1825 to 1829, serving on one
standing and one select committee.
Baldwin, JoJm D, — Was born in North Ston-
ington, Connecticut, September 28, 1810 ; graduated
at Yale College, receiving the degree of A.M.; read
law, but never practiced ; went through a course of
theological studies, devoted himself to literary pur-
suits, and published a volume entitled "Raymond
Hill, and other Poems." In 1842 he became associated
with the press, first in Hartford, and then in Boston,
and was editor of the Daily Comnionwenlth, a
writer for the Advertiser, and subsequently became
the proprietor of the Worcester Spy. He was a
Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1860, and in
1862 he was elected a Representative from Massachu-
setts to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Expenditures, on Public Buildings,
and on Printing ; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on the District of
Columbia and Expenditures on the Public Buildings.
He has for many years been particularly devoted to
the study of ancient history, and is the author of a
work on that subject, not yet published. He was
also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con-
vention " of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth
Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
the Library.
Haldivin, JRoger Sherman, — Born at New
Haven, Connecticut, January 4, 1793 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1811 ; studied law at Litchfield Law
School ; was admitted to the bar in 1814, and estab-
lished himself in practice at New Haven, where he
BIOaRAPHICAL ANNALS.
10
continued to reside. In 1837 he was elected to the
State Senate ; re-elected in 1838, and chosen President
pro tempore of that body, and was a Trustee of Yale
College in 1838 and 1839. In 1840 and 1841 he was a
Representative in the General Assembly, and in the
latter year was associated with J. Q. Adams in
the argument before the Supreme Court of the
United States, in the case of the Africans of the
Amistad. In 1844 and 1845 he was Governor of the
State, and in 1847 was appointed, and in 1848 elected,
to the United States Senate by the Legislature of
Connecticut, serving until 1851. He subsequently
engaged in his professional duties. He was also a
member of the Peace Congress of 1861, and also a
Presidential Elector in that year, and died in New
Haven, February 10, 1863.
'Baldivin, Simeon, — Born at Norwich, Connec-
ticut, December 14, 1761; graduated at Yale College in
1781. In 1783 he was appointed tutor at the College,
and continued in that station until 1786, when he was
admitted to the bar in New Haven, and commenced
the practice of law. From 1790 to 1803 he was Clerk
of the District and Circuit Courts of the United
States ; was a Representative in Congress from Con-
necticut from 1803 to 1805, and declined a re-election.
In 1806 he was appointed by the Legislature Asso-
ciate Judge of the Superior Court and of the Supreme
Court of Errors, and held the office until 1817. In
1822 was chosen by the General Assembly one of the
Commissioners to locate the Farmington Canal, and
was made President of that Board. In 1826 was
elected Mayor of New Haven. In 1830 he resigned
his office as Commissioner. He died in New Haven,
May 26, 1851. He was the father of Roger Sherman
Baldwin.
JBaleetier, Josepli, — He was a citizen of Mas-
sachusetts, and while holding the position of Consul
at Singapore, was empowered, in 1849, to negotiate a
treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation with
the Government of Borneo. Authorized to make a
similar treaty with Cochin-China.
IBallf JEdivard, — He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1853
to 1855, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress. He was subsequently elected Sergeant-at-Arms
in the House of Representatives.
JBallf Williain Lee, — Born in Lancaster County,
Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1817 to 1824. Died in Washington,
February 28, 1824, aged forty-five years.
Hallou, Latiiner W, — Born in Cumberland,
Rhode Island, March 1, 1812 ; received his education
from the public schools and academies in the vicinity;
removed to Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1828, and
learned the printing business at the " University
Press ; " in 1835 established the "Cambridge Press,"
and continued in that business until 1842, when he
removed to Woonsocket, Rhode Island, and engaged
in mercantile business ; in 1850 was Cashier of the
Woonsocket Falls Bank, and was Treasurer of the
Woonsocket Institution for Savings for twenty-five
years ; was Presidential Elector in 1860, Delegate
to the Philadelphia Convention of 1872, and was elect-
ed a Representative tathe Forty-fourth Congress.
Bancroft, George, — Born in Worcester, Massa-
chusetts, in 1800; commenced his education at Exeter
Academy, New Hampshire, and graduated at Cam-
bridge University in 1817; in 1818 he visited Europe,
studied at Gottingen and Berlin, and traveled exten-
sively ; in 1823 he published a volume of Poems ; in
1824 a translation of "Heeren's Politics of Greece ; "
and became a frequent contributor to the North
American and other reviews. On his return from
Europe he spent one year as a tutor at Harvard : was
at the head of the Round Hill School at Northamp-
ton ; from 1838 to 1841 he was Collector of Boston,
appointed by President Van Buren ; in 1844 he was an
unsuccessful candidate for the Governorship of Mas-
sachusetts ; in 1845 he was appointed by President
Polk Secretary of the Navy ; in 1846 he was appoint-
ed Minister to Great Britain, remaining there until
1849 ; on his return he settled in New York and be-
came an active member of various learned societies.
In 1834 he published the first volume of his " History
of the United States," since which time nine addi-
tional volumes have appeared ; in 1855 he published
his " Literary and Historical Miscellanies ;" in 1865,
by invitation of Congress, he delivered, in the Capitol,
an oration on the death of Abraham Lincoln ; and in
1867 he was appointed by President Johnson Minister
to Prussia. On his return to America he settled in
Washington City.
SanisteVf JTohn, — He was a Delegate from Vir-
ginia to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779,
and signed the Articles of Confederation.
Hanks, John, — Was born in Juniata County,
Pennsylvania, in 1793 ; was brought up on his father's
farm, but received a classical education ; studied law,
and came to the bar in 1819, and settled in the west-
ern part of the State ; was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1831 to 1836, when he
resigned to accept the appointment of President
Judge of the Third Judicial District of the State ; in
1841 was the Whig Candidate for Governor, but
failed to be elected ; and in 1847 he resigned the
judgeship and became the State Treasurer. He was
subsequently engaged in the practice of his profession,
and died at Reading, on the 3d of April, 1864.
JBanJcSf Linn, — Born in Virginia, and was for
twenty successive years Speaker of the House of
Delegates of that State, and a Representative in Con-
gress from Virginia from 1838 to 1842, and was a
member of the Committee on Claims. He was found
drowned in a stream in Madison County, Virginia,
February 24, 1842.
Banks f Wathaniel F, — Born in Waltham, Mas-
sachusetts, January 30, 1816, of poor but respectable
parents, operatives in a factory. He had no advan-
tages but those afEorded by the common school, but
he became a lover of books at an early day. His first
venture before the public was in the capacity of news-
paper editor in his native town, and he followed the
same pursuit at Lowell. He studied law, but did not
practice to any great extent, and in 1848 he was
elected to the Legislature of Massachusetts, serving in
both houses, and officiating for a time as Speaker. He
was chosen President of the Convention held in 1853
for revising the Constitution of Massachusetts, and
was soon afterwards elected a Representative in Con-
gress, serving from 1853 to 1857, when he was elected
Governor of Massachusetts, by a majority of 24,000.
During his second term in Congress he was elected
Speaker of the House, after a remarkable contest,
and it is said that not one of his decisions was ever
overruled by the House. He was elected Governor
of Massachusetts, for a second term, in 1858, and for
a third term in 1859. During the Rebellion of 1861-
'64, he served in the Union Army as a Major-General
of Volunteers, and saw much service in the field ;
and in 1865 he was elected a Representative from
Massachusetts to the Thirty-ninth Congress, in the
place of D. W. Gooch, resigned, serving on the Com-
mittees on the death of President Lincoln, and Rules,
and as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs,
He was also one of the Representatives designated to
attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866 ; was a
20
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Delegate to the Philadelpliia ''Loyalists' Convention"
of 1866, and of tlie "Soldiers' Convention" held at
Pittsburg ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Con-
gress, as well as to the Forty-second and Forty-fourth
Congresses, serving on the most important Committees.
JBanning f Henry S, — He was born in Mount
Vernon, Ohio, November 10, 1834 ; received an
academic education ; studied and practiced law at
Mount Vernon, Ohio, until 1861, when he enlisted as
a private soldier, and was promoted to the rank of
brevet Major-General ; represented Knox County in
the Ohio Legislature in 1866 and 1867 ; removed to
Cincinnati in the year 1869, where he resumed the
practice of law ; and was elected to the Forty-third
and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs. In December, 1875, he
was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Military
Affairs.
Barber, J, Allen, — He was born in Vermont ;
obtained a liberal education at the University of
Vermont ; studied law, and was admitted to practice
in 1833 ; in 1837 removed to the Territory of Wiscon-
sin ; was a member of the first Constitutional Conven-
tion of Wisconsin in 1846 ; was elected to the State
Assembly in 1852, 1853, and 1863, serving the last
year as Speaker ; was elected to the State Senate
in 1856 and 1857 ; elected to the Forty-second Con-
gress, and was re-elected to the Forty-third Con-
gress, serving on several Committees.
JBarber, Levi, — He was born in Litchfield
County, Connecticut, and was a Representative in
Congress from Ohio from 1817 to 1819, and again
from 1821 to 1823.
Sarher, Noyes, — He was born in Groton, Con-
necticut, April 28, 1781 ; was in early life a merchant,
but a lawyer by profession ; and was a Representative
in Congress from his native State from 1821 to 1835.
He died at Groton, January 3, 1845. He was a man
of ability, and while in Congress accomplished much
good for his native State, where he was universally
respected as a man and a statesman.
JBai^honr, tTaines. — A native of Virginia ; was
Speaker of the House of Delegates, and Governor of
that State ; and a Senator in Congress, from 1815 to
1825, officiating as Fvesident pro tem2Jore of the Senate,
as Chairman of the Committees on Foreign Relations
and the District of Columbia, and serving on other
important Committees. He was appointed Secretary
of War in 1825, and Minister to England in 1828. He
died in Orange County, Virginia, June 8, 1842, aged
sixty-six years.
Barbour f John S, — Born in Culpepper County,
Virginia, in 1810, and died in Culpepper County, Vir-
ginia, January 12, 1855. He was in early life a mem-
ber of the State Legislature ; was from 1823 to 1833
a member of Congress from Virginia ; again in the
State Legislature in 1833 and 1834 ; and member of
the Constitutional Convention in 1829 and 1830. He
was a gentleman of much ability, and exercised con-
siderable influence in the public "affairs of his State.
Harbour f Jyiicien, — He was born in Canton,
Connecticut, March 4, 1811 ; graduated at Amherst
College in 1837, having, while receiving his own
education, been a teacher himself ; he removed to
Indiana, studied law, and settled in the practice at
Indianapolis. He was appointed by President Polk
United States District Attorney ; acted a number of
times as arbitrator between the State of Indiana and
private corporations ; in 1852 was appointed a Com-
missioner to prepare a code of practice for the State ;
and Avas a Representative from Indiana in the
Thirty-fourth Congress ; since which time he has been
devoted to his profession.
Barbour^ Philip) JP. — ^Born in 1779 ; was edu-
cated for the law, in the practice of which he was
successful ; he was a member of Congress from Vir-
ginia from 1814 to 1825 ; Speaker of the House of
Representatives in 1821 ; in 1825 he was appointed
Judge of the Eastern District of Virginia ; was again
in Congress from 1827 to 1830, officiating as Chairman
of the Judiciary Committee ; and in 1836 was ap-
pointed by President Jackson an Associate Judge of
die Supreme Court of the United States. He died in
Washington City, of ossification of the heart, Feb-
ruary 25, 1841.
Barclay f David. — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress, from
his native State from 1855 to 1857.
Bard, David, — He was a graduate of Princeton
College in 1773, and a Representative in Congress
from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1799, and again from
1803 to 1815. Died in Virginia in 1815.
Barker, Abraham A, — Born in Lovell, Ox-
ford County, Maine, March 30, 1816 ; received a
common-school education, and engaged in agricultural
pursuits ; was early a strenuous advocate of temper-
ance and anti-slavery ; removed to Pennsylvania in
1854, and devoted himself to the lumber and mercan-
tile business ; was a Delegate to the Chicago Conven-
tion of 1860, and in 1864 he was elected a Represent-
ative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims.
Barker, David, — He was a lawyer by pro-
fession, and was a Representative in Congress from
New Hampshire from 1827 to 1829, and died in
Rochester, New Hampshire April 1, 1834, aged
thirty-seven years.
Barker, tfoseph, — He commenced his classical
studies at Harvard University, and graduated at Yale
College in 1771 ; was an ordained Preacher of the
Gospel ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Massachusetts from 1805 to 1809. He died in 1815,
aged sixty-four years.
Barksdale, JVilliain. — Bom in Rutherford
County, Tennessee, August 21, 1821, and pursued a
partial course of studies at the Nashville University.
He was a lawyer by profession ; held a commission in
the Staff of the Second Mississippi Regiment, in the
Mexican war, in 1847 ; was a member of the Missis-
sippi Convention called in 1851 to discuss the Compro-
mise measures of 1850 : and was elected Representa-
tive from Mississippi in the Thirty-third, Thirty-
fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-six'th Congresses,
serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign
Affairs. Joined the Great Rebellion in 1861, and was
killed at the battle of Gettysburg in 1863.
Barloiv, Joel. — Was born in Reading, Connecti-
cut, March, 1755 ; served as a volunteer in the
Revolutionary Army, studied theology, was licensed
as a Congregational minister, and from 1778 to 1783
was a chaplain in the army, varying his clerical duties
with the composition of patriotic songs and addresses
to keep up the spirit of the soldiers. About 1781 he
delivered, at New Haven, a poem entitled " The Pros-
pect of Peace." Settling at Hartford he tried book-
selling ; established the American Mercury, a weekly
paper, and in 1785 was admitted to the bar. In 1786
he published a revision of Dr. Watts' version of the
Psalms, containing some pieces of his OAvn. He was
also one of the authors of the " Anarchaid," and in
1787 published his " Vision of Columbus." In 1788
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS
21
visited Europe as agent of the Ohio Land Company, and
published, in aid of the French Revolution, " Advice
to the Privileged Orders," " Letter to the National
Convention," and in 1791, " Conspiracy of the Kings,"
a poem. In 1792, as Deputy of the London Constitu-
tional Society, presented an address to the French
Convention, by whom he was invested with the rights
of a French citizen, and given employment in Savoy,
where he wrote his mock-heroic poem, "Hasty
Pudding." In 1795 to 1797, he was United States
Consul at Algiers and negotiated treaties with Algiers
and Tripoli ; in 1796 he published his political
writings. In 1799, published his letter to the people
of the United States, and endeavored to adjust our
difficulties with France, and in a memoir to the French
Government, denounced privateering as sea-robbery.
In 1805 he returned to the United States and resided
on the Potomac near Washington. In 1807 published
the "Columbiad;" in 1811 was Embassador to
France. He was invited by the French Minister to a
conference with Napoleon at Wilna, but died before
his arrival there, at Zarnowicke, near Cracow, Poland,
December 22, 1812.
Harlow f Stephen, — He was a Representative in
Congress from PennsylvaniaT f rom 1827 to 1829, and
was a member of the Committee on Agriculture.
JBamardf Daniel Detvey, — He was born in
Berkshire County, Massachusetts, in 1797 ; gradu-
ated at Williams College in 1818 ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar, in New York, in 1821 ; in
1826 was elected District Attorney for the County of
Monroe, New York ; and was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829, and
again from 1839 to 1845, serving as Chairman of the
Judiciary Committee. In 1850 he was appointed
Minister to Prussia. He devoted much attention to
literary pursuits, and the degree of LL.D. was con-
ferred upon him by the Colleges of Geneva and New
York. Died at Albany, April 24, 1861.
Samardy Henry, — Born in Hartford, Connecti-
cut, January 24, 1811 ; graduated at Yale College in
1830 ; was admitted to the bar in 1835 ; traveled
extensively in Europe until 1837, when he was elected
a member of the Legislature of Connecticut, and was
twice re-elected to that office ; during which time he
effected a re-organization of the State Common School
system. He was four years Secretary of the Board
of School Commissioners, and made his first annual
report in 1839 ; issued four volumes of the Connecti-
cut Common School Journal ; and continued it from
1850 to 1855. He was Superintendent of Public
Schools in Rhode Island, from 1843 to 1849 ; State
Superintendent of School Architecture from 1850 to
1854 ; and began the American Journal of Education
in 1855 ; and became President of the American
Association for the Advancement of Education ; in
1857 was appointed Commissioner of the new Depart-
ment of Education at Washington. He has pub-
lished several works on Education in Europe and
America. He re'ceived the degree of LL.D. from
Harvard University, in 1852.
Harnard, Isaac D, — Was born at Aston,
Pennsylvania, 1791 : received an ordinary education ;
began to study law in Chester in 1811 ; was appointed
Captain of the Fourteenth Infantry March 12, 1812 ; and
Major, June 26, 1813 ; was distinguished at Lyons
Creek, and at the capture of Fort George in 1813 ;
left the army in 1815. Resuming his legal studies,
was admitted to the bar in 181 6 at Westchester ; was
soon made Deputy Attorney-General ; chosen State
Senator in 1820 ; Secretary of State in 1826 ; and
United States Senator from Pennsylvania from 1827
to 1831. Died at Westchester, Pennsylvania, Feb-
ruary 28, 1834.
SarneSy Alanson H, — He was born in New
York ; removed to Wisconsin and practiced the pro-
fession of law ; and in 1873, was appointed United
States Associate Justice for the Territory of Dakota,
and resides in the town of Fargo.
SarneSf David Leonard, — He was a citizen
of Rhode Island, and in 1801 he was appointed by
President Adams United States Judge for the Dis-
trict of Rhode Island.
Dames f Demas, — He was born in Gorham
township, Ontario County, New York, April 4, 1827,
received an academical and classical education ; spent
his boyhood on a farm ; became a clerk in a country
store ; subsequently a merchant, and, in his twenty-
second year, he removed to New York city, where he
followed the drug and medicine business, with branch
houses in New Orleans and Montreal. After serving
as a member of the Chamber of Commerce, and as
President of several incorporated companies, he
crossed the American Continent in a wagon, examin-
ing the mineral resources of Colorado, Nevada, and
California ; and in 1866 he was elected a Represent-
ative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Banking and Currency, and
Education and Labor.
Darnettf Willi'tm, — He was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Georgia from 1812 to 1815,
when he was appointed one of the Commissioners to
run the Creek Boundary line.
Darney^ John, — He was a son of Commodore
Joshua Barney, and a member of Congress from
Maryland from 1825 to 1827. He died in Washing-
ton, District of Columbia, January 26, 1857, aged
seventy-two years. He was known in Washington
society for many years as an agreeable gentleman ;
and he left behind him an unfinished record of
"Personal Recollections of Men and Things," both in
this country and Europe.
Darnitz, Charles A., — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1833 to
1835, and died at York, in that State, in March,
1850.
Darnuwif Williain H, — He was born in Con-
necticut, September 17, 1818 ; received a common-
school education, and when eighteen years of age be-
came engaged in business pursuits, and Avas for many
years largely engaged in the production of iron from
the ore, and in the manufacture of car- wheels. In
1852 he was elected to the State Legislature ; was a
Delegate to the Philadelphia " Union National Con-
vention " of 1866 ; and in April, 1867, he was elected
a Representative from Connecticut to the Fortieth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufac-
tures, and Roads and Canals ; was re-elected to the
Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses ; also to the
Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on
various important Committees.
Darmvell, Robert, — He was a Representative
in Congress from South Carolina, 1791 to 1793.
Darmvellf Robert Woodward, — He was born
in South Carolina ; graduated at Harvard University
in 1821 ; studied law, and was a Representative in
Congress from South Carolina from 1829 to 1833 ;
was President of the South Carolina College from
1835 to 1843, and was a Senator in Congress, in 1850,
by appointment, to fill a vacancy caused by the
death of Franklin H. Elmore. In December, 1860,
he was appointed one of the Commissioners to visit
Washington in behalf of South Carolina, and served
as a member of the "Confederate" Congress; after
22
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
tlie war lie was again President of the South Caro-
lina College.
JBarr, Thomas tT, — Born in New York city in
1812 ; commenced life by devoting himself to a variety
of pursuits ; from 1835 to 1842 he held the position of
a landlord in New Jersey : in 1849 and 1850 he was an
Assistant Alderman in the City Councils of New
York ; in 1853 he was elected a member of the State
Senate ; and he was elected a Representative in Con-
gress from New York, taking his seat during the
second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, and re-
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a
member of the Committee on Expenses in the State
Department. He subsequently held an office in New
York connected with the Custom House.
JBarrerOf Granville. — He was born in High-
land County, Ohio ; received a common-school edu-
cation ; attended college at Augusta, Kentucky, and
Marietta, Ohio ; studied law and was admitted to the
bar in Ohio, and commenced the practice thereof in
Illinois in 1856 ; devoted his entire attention to prac-
tice until elected to the Forty-third Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Private Land Claims and
Weights and Measures.
J^arrerey Kelson, — He was a Representative in
Congress, from Ohio from 1851 to 1853.
JBarrett^ J, Jiichard, — Born in Kentucky, and
removing to Missouri was elected a Representative
from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving
as a member of the Committee on Public Lands.
Barrett f Joseph H, — He was born in Vermont;
received a good education ; was appointed in 1861,
from Ohio, Commissioner of Pensions ; and in 1868 he
resigned the position and returned to Ohio, and asso-
ciated himself with the newspaper press of Cincinnati.
JBarringerf Daniel L, — Born in Mecklenburg
County, North Carolina, October 1, 1788 ; had a good
classical education ; studied law, and practiced with
success in Wake County ; served in the Legislature
of North Carolina in 1813, and again from 1819 to
1832 ; and was a Representative in Congress from
North Carolina from 1826 to 1835. He was also a
Presidential Elector in 1844. He subsequently re-
moved to Tennessee, and was elected Speaker of the
House of Representatives of that State. He died Oc-
tober 16, 1852.
JBarringer^ Daniel Moreaii, — Was born in
Cabarras County, North Carolina, and graduated at
the University of North Carolina in 1826 ; heTselected
the law as a profession, having commenced to prac-
tice in 1829. In that year he was elected a member
of the State Legislature, in which position he con-
tinued for a number of years. In 1835 he was a mem-
ber of a Convention to amend the State Constitution,
He was a Representative in Congress from North
Carolina from 1843 to 1849, when he was appointed
by President Taylor Minister to Spain, and continued
in that mission by President Fillmore. On resigning
his position as Minister, after serving four years, he
traveled extensively in Europe, and, on his return
home, was elected to the State Legislature, and in
1855, having declined a re-election, retired to private
life, devoting himself to literary studies and pursuits.
He was also elected a Delegate to the Peace Congress
of 1861, and also to the Philadelphia " National
Union Convention " of 1866. Died at the Green
Brier Springs, Virginia, September 1, 1873.
Barron, H, D, — He was appointed in 1869
Fifth Auditor of the Treasury, and held the office un-
til 1872.
Darroiv, Alexander, — Born in Nashville,
Tennessee, in 1801, where, after completing his edu-
cation, he was admitted to the bar ; he soon after re-
moved to Louisiana, gave up the practice of law, and
turned his attention to planting. He served a num-
ber of years in the Legislature of Louisiana, and was
a Senator in Congress from Louisiana from 1841 to
1846. Died December 29, 1846.
BarrotVf Washington, — He was a native of
Tennessee ; a lawyer by education and profession.
In 1841 was appointed American Charge d'Affaires to
Portugal, and was a Representative in Congress from
Tennessee from 1847 to 1849, serving on the Commit-
tee for the District of Columbia. During the Rebel-
lion he was arrested by the Governor of Tennessee
for alleged disloyalty ; but was soon released by
order of President Lincoln. Died at St. Louis, Mis-
souri, October 19, 1866.
Darry, Henry W, — Born in New York ; re-
ceived a limited education ; was principal of an
academy in Kentucky for two years; graduated at the
Columbian Law College, District of Columbia ; en-
tered the Union Army as a private early in the Rebel-
lion ; organized the first regiment of colored troops
raised in Kentucky ; commanded a brigade and a di-
vision of the Army ; was bre vetted twice for gallant
conduct ; was a Major-General ; was elected to the
State Constitutional Convention of Mississippi in
1867 ; to the State Senate in 1868; and was elected to
the Forty -first and two subsequent Congresses, serv-
ing on the Committee on Patents, and as Chairman of
that on the Post Office. Died in Washington, June
7, 1875.
Darry, John S, — Born in Vermont in 1802 ;
educated at the public schools of that State ; while a
young man went to Georgia and resided at Atlanta.
He subsequently emigrated to the Territory of Michi-
gan and settled in the town of Constantino, where he
resided until his death. Although educated for the
legal profession, he turned his attention to mercantile
pursuits. His first public service was rendered as a
member of the first Constitutional Convention, in
which he took a leading part ; upon the organization
of the State Government he was elected a State Sen-
ator, and in 1841 chosen Governor of the State ; re-
elected in 1843, and also in 1849. He was also, on
two occasions, a Presidential Elector. In 1840 he
took a special interest in the cultivation of the sugar-
beet, and with a view of obtaining information in re-
gard to its manufacture visited Europe. His last
public service was as a member of the Democratic
Presidential Convention held in Chicago in 1864.
He died in Constantino, January 15, 1870.
Darry., William T, — He was born in Fairfax
County, Virginia, March 18, 1780 ; and was a Senator
in Congress from Kentucky from 1814 to 1816, hav-
ing previously served in the State Legislature as
Speaker, and during the years 1810 and 1811 been a
Representative in Congress from the same State. He
was also a member of President Jackson's cabinet,
as Postmaster-General (the first, as such, admitted to
that honor), and at the time of his death, which oc-
curred in Liverpool, England, August 30, 1835, he
was Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to
Spain.
Barry f William T, S, — He was born in Co-
lumbus, Mississippi, December 12, 1821; graduated at
Yale College in 1841 ; was a planter in Oktibbeha
County ; practiced law in Columbus two or three
years ; was a member of the Legislature from 1849 to
1851 ; removed to Sunflower County ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Mississippi from 1853 to
1855 ; again practiced law in Columbus ; was Speaker
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
23
of the Legislature in 1855 ; seceded from the Charles-
ton Convention in 1860 ; and was President of the
Secession Convention of Mississippi, and member of
the Provisional Congress. He entered the Confeder-
ate Army in 1861, and commanded the Thirty fifth
Mississippi Regiment, from 1862, until captured at Mo-
bile in 1865 ; and afterwards practiced law in Colum-
bus. He died in that city, January 29, 1868.
JSarstotVf Gamaliel H, — He was Treasurer of
the State of New York from 1825 to 1838 ; served
three years in the Assembly of New York ; four years
in the State Senate, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1831 to 1833. Died at
Nichols, New York, in April, 1865, aged eighty
years.
JSarstoiVf Gideon, — A native of Massachusetts;
was a member of both branches of the Legislature of
that State, and a Representative in Congress from
1821 to 1823. He died in St. Augustine, Florida,
where he had gone for his health, March 36, 1852,
aged sixty-nine years.
Sarstoiv, Williani A^ — He was born in 1811,
and was Governor of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1856.
When the Rebellion commenced, he raised a regi-
ment of cavalry for the war, and was appointed its
Colonel ; rendered important service on courts-mar-
ial at St. Louis, and died at Leavenworth, Kansas,
December 14, 1865.
JBartlettf Asa, — He was appointed Chief Justice
of the United States Court for the Territory of Da-
kota.
«
Bartleftf Bailey, — He was Sheriff of Essex
County, Massachusetts, for many years, and a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Massachusetts from
1797 to 1801, having succeeded T. Bradbury.
JBartlett, Ichahod, — He was born in Salisbury,
Merrimack County, New Hampshire, in 1786 ; gradu-
ated at Dartmouth College in 1808 ; studied law, and
settled in Portsmouth, where he was eminently suc-
cessful in his profession, and was a Representative in
Congress from New Hampshire from 1823 to 1829,
serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. He was
also frequently in the State Legislature, and a mem-
ber of the Convention to revise the State Constitu-
tion. He died in Portsmouth, October 19, 1853.
Sartlettf John JRtissell, — Born at Providence,
Rhode Island, October 23, 1805 ; was early placed in
a banking-house, and was for six years Cashier of the
Globe Bank, Providence ; was one of the founders of
the Athenaeum, and a member of the Franklin Society
for the Cultivation of Science, before which he occas-
ionally lectured. In 1837 he engaged in an unsuc-
cessful business in New York, and then established a
foreign book-store ; was a manager of the New York
Historical Society, and the Ethnological Society. In
1850 was Commissioner to fix the boundary-line be-
tween the United States and Mexico ; and in 1854
published a personal narrative of places visited ; also,
in 1847, a work on Ethnology ; and in 1848, " Diction-
ary of Americanisms ; " was appointed Secretary of
State of Rhode Island in 1855, and still holds the
position ; published, the records of the Colony, in ten
volumes. He was Acting Governor in 1861 and 1862;
published " Bibliography of Rhode Island " in 1864;
"Bibliotheca Americana " from 1865 to 1870 ; ''Lit-
erature of the Rebellion " in 1866 ; " Reminiscences
of Albert Gallatin" in 1849; "Primeval Man" in
1868 ; " History of the Destruction of the Gaspee " in
1862 ; " Index to the Acts and Resolves of the General
Assembly of Rhode Island," from 1758 to 1862, and
other records of the State.
JBavtlett, floseph J, — He was a^citizen of New
York, and in 1867 he was appointed Minister Resident
to Sweden and Norway, where he remained uiitil
1869.
JBartlettf tTosiaJi, — Was born in New Hamp-
shire in 1768, and died at Stratham, in that State,
April 14, 1838. He was a physician of extensive prac-
tice, and a Representative in Congress from New
Hampshire from 1811 to 1813 ; also a Presidential
Elector in 1792 and 1825. His father, bearing the
same name, was a man of note, and the first Gover-
nor of New Hampshire, after the adoption of the
Federal Constitution.
Sartlettf JTosiah. — Born in Amesbury, Massa-
chusetts, in November, 1727, and died May 19, 1795.
He was educated for the medical profession ; held
commissions, both military and civil, under the royal
government ; accompanied Sta rk to Bennington as
medical agent ; was a Delegate from New Hampshire
to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1779, and
signed the Articles of Confederation and Declaration
of Independence ; was appointed in the latter year
Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, Justice
of the Superior Court in 1784, and Chief Justice in
1788. In 1790 he was appointed President of New
Hampshire, and elected by the people in 1791 and
1792. In 1793 he was elected Governor of New Hamp-
shire under the Constitution, serving two years ; and
he was the President of a Medical Society established
by his efforts in 1791.
Sartlettf Tliomas, Jv, — He was born in Ver-
mont, adopted the profession of law, and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from that State from 1851 to
1853. He served three years in the State Legislature,
both houses ; was County Attorney in 1839 and 1841 ;
and President of the State Constitutional Convention
of 1850.
Bartlettf Williafn IT, — He was born in Salis-
bury, Vermont, in 1827 ; graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1847 ; studied law, and came to the bar in
1851 ; was, for a time, Solicitor for the city of Con-
cord, in New Hampshire, and in 1861 was chosen an
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of that State.
Died at Concord, September 24, 1867.
Hartley f Mordecai, — Born in Fayette County,
Pennsylvania, December 16, 1783 ; his parents settled
in Loudon County, Virginia, in 1724 ; he attended
school during intervals from labor on his father's
farm ; removed to Ohio in 1809, and engaged in agri-
culture in Mansfield, Richland County. He was Cap-
tain and Adjutant under Harrison in the War of 1812;
was a State Senator in 1817 and 1818 ; Register of the
Land OfiS.ce from 1818 to 1823 ; Representative in
Congress from Ohio from 1823 to 1831, and Governor
of Ohio from 1844 to 1846. During the war with
Mexico, the President issued a call for troops, and
Governor Bartley promptly responded, although he
and his party were opposed to the war ; he also su-
perintended their organization in person, and for-
warded the full quota of Ohio, in obedience to what
he thought his duty. He was the father of Thomas
W. Bartley. He died October 12, 1870.
JSarfley^ Thomas W, — He was born in Jeffer-
son County, Ohio, February 11, 1812 ; was educated
at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, and graduated in
October, 1829, and in 1833 the degree of Master of
Arts was conferred on him. He studied law in Wash-
ington, District of Columbia, and commenced the
practice of law at Mansfield, Ohio, in 1833. He
served as State Attorney four years, and as United
States District Attorney, for the District of Ohio,
four years. He served two years in the House of
24
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Representatives, and four years in the Senate of
Ohio, In 1851 he was elected Judge of the Supreme
Court of Ohio, and served in that position two terms,
and three years of the time as the Chief Justice of the
Court. On retiring from the bench he engaged in
the practice of law in Cincinnati, Ohio, for several
years, but on account of the ill-health of his family
in Cincinnati, he removed to Washington, District of
Columbia, in 1869, where he is now engaged in the
practice of his profession. In 1844, when Governor
Shannon resigned to go as Minister to Mexico, Mr.
Bartley, as President of the Senate, became the Gov-
ernor, and in December of that year he was himself
succeeded by his father, Mordecai Bartley, who had
been regularly elected.
Sartotif David. — He was one of the first emi-
grants to the Territory of Missouri ; President of the
Convention which met to form a State Constitution
in 1820 ; was a Senator in Congress from Missouri
from 1821 to 1831, serving as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Public Lands ; and was a man of distin-
guished talents. Died near Boonville, Missouri, Sep-
tember 28, 1837.
HartoHf Richard W. — He was born in Vir-
ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1841 to 1843. He also served in the
State Legislature, and was the first President of the
Valley Agricultural Society. Died in Frederick
County, Virginia, March 15, 1859.
Barforif Samuel, — He was born in New York,
served three years in the Assembly of that State, and
was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1837.
SartoUf Seth, — He was born in Maryland, and
in 1845 was appointed Solicitor of the Treasury, hold-
ing the office until 1847, when he was appointed
Charg6 d' Affaires to Chili, where he remained two
years, and returned to the United States.
Hashford, Coles. — Bom near Cold Spring, Put-
nam County, New York, January 24, 1816 ; educated
at the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary ; studied law,
and came to the bar in 1842 ; in 1847 elected District
Attorney for Wayne County ; resigned his office in
1850, and removed to Wisconsin ; in 1852 he was
chosen to the Senate of that State ; was re-elected,
but resigned, in 1855 ; in 1856 he was elected Gov-
ernor of Wisconsin. In 1868 he removed to Arizona;
was Attorney-General of that Territory from 1864 to
1866 ; was a member and also President of the Terri-
torial Council ; and in 1866 was elected a Delegate
from Arizona to the Fortieth Congress. Aj^ointed
Secretary of Arizona in 1869.
BasSf Ziyman K. — He was bom in Alden, New
York, November 18, 1886 ; graduated at Union Col-
lege, in 1856 ; studied law, and practiced the pro-
fession at Buffalo ; was elected District Attorney
for Erie County in 1865, for three years ; was re-
elected in 1868, and served until 1872 ; was renomi-
nated and declined, and was elected to the Forty- third
and Forty- fourth Congresses, serving on the Commit-
tees on Railroads and Canals, and Affairs of the Dis-
trict of Columbia.
Bassett, Burtvell, — He was bom in New Kent
County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1805 to 1813, from 1815 to
1819, and from 1821 to 1831.
Basseff^ E. D. — He was born in Connecticut, of
colored descent ; and after receiving some education,
removed to Pennsylvania, and from Philadelphia, in
that State, he was appointed, in 1869, Minister Resi-
dent to Hayti, residing at Port au Prince.
Bassettf Bichard, — He was a member from
Delaware of the Convention which formed the Con-
stitution, and signed that instrument ; was a Presi-
dential Elector in 1797, and a Senator in Congress
from 1789 to 1798, having been the first man who cast
his vote for locating the Seat of Government on the
Potomac. He was also Chief Justice of the Federal
Supreme Court, Governor of Delaware from 1798 to
1801, and died in September, 1815.
Batenian, JEphraim, — He was born in Cum-
berland, New Jersey ; was well educated, and adopted
the profession of medicine ; was a Senator in Con-
gress from that State from 1826 to 1829, and was a
member of the Committees on Agriculture and En-
rolled Bills ; having previously been a Representative
in Congress from 1815 to 1823, serving on the Com-
mittees on the Post Office and Accounts. He was
elected to the Senate by his own vote in joint meeting
of the Legislature, and a Committee of the Senate
reported that his election was entirely legal. Died
January 21, 1829.
Bates f Edward. — Was bom September 4, 1793,
at Belmont, Goochland County, Virginia. His educa-
tion was commenced by his father, and succeeded by
several years of academic instruction, mostly at Char-
lotte Hall, Maryland, and finished by an accomplished
private tutor. In early youth he declined a midship-
man's warrant, and served, in 1813, at Norfolk, in
the Virginia Militia, from February to October. In
1814 he migrated to St. Louis, there studied law, and
began to practice in 1816. In 1818 he was appointed
Prosecuting Attorney for that Circuit ; in 1820 was a
Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention, and
was the same year appointed Attorney -General of the
new State of Missouri. He resigned that office in
1822, and was elected to the lower branch of the
State Legislature. In 1824 he was appointed by
President Monroe United States Attorney for the
Missouri District ; in 1826 resigned, and was elected
a Representative in Congress from Missouri, serving
from 1827 to 1829. In 1830 he was elected to the
State Senate, and in 1834 again to the lower House of
the Legislature. In 1835, being enfeebled by seden-
tary labor, he moved to the country, and practiced
law for seven years, traveling much on horseback
around the prairies. In 1842 he returned to St. Louis,
and in 1850 he was appointed by President Fillmore
Secretary of War, but declined the office. In 1853
was elected Judge of the St. Louis Land Court, which
office he resigned in 1856. During that year he pre-
sided at the Whig Convention of Baltimore, and in
1858 received from Harvard University the degree of
LL.D. In 1861 he was appointed Attorney-General
in President Lincoln's Cabinet. Died in St. Louis,
March 25, 1869.
BafeSf Fredericlx. — He was appointed by Pres-
ident Jefferson, in 1805, the first United States Judge
for the Territory of Michigan ; and having subse-
quently become a citizen of Missouri, he was elected
Governor of the same, serving from 1824 to 1826.
Bates, Isaac C. — Born at Granville, Massachu-
setts, in 1780, and graduated at Yale College in 1802.
He studied law and attained a high position as an ad-
vocate. He was frequently in the State Legislature
and a member of the Executive Council ; was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from 1827 to 1833, and a
Senator in Congress from 1841 to 1845, and was
Chairman of the Committee on Pensions. In 1837 and
1841 he was also a Presidential Elector. He died in
Washington City, March 16, 1845.
Bates, tfanies, — He was bred a physician ; for
some years connected with the Insane Hospital at
Augusta ; and was a Representative in Congress from
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS.
25
Somerset County, Maine, from 1831 to 1833, and a
member of the Committee on Expenditures in the
Post OflSce Department.
JBateSf fTames JV, — He was born in Goochland
County, Virginia, and was a Delegate to Congress
from the Territory of Arkansas from 1820 to 1828.
Sates^ tT, Woodson. — He was an early emigrant
to the southwest, and while residing at the Post of
Arkansas was appointed United States Judge for that
Territory.
Sates f Wartiii W, — He was born in Salisbury,
Litchfield County, Connecticut, February 24, 1787 ;
he received a good English education, and became a
lawyer by profession, having first studied medicine.
He removed to Delaware, and was several times elect-
ed to the Legislature of that State ; and in 1850 was
a member of the Constitutional Convention of the
State of Delaware. He took his seat in the Thirty-
fifth Congress, as a Senator from Delaware, serving
from 1857 to 1859 on the Committees on Pensions
and Revolutionary Pensions.
Sattle, William H, — Born in Edgecombe
County, North Carolina, in 1802 ; graduated at Chapel
Hill College in 1820 ; studied law, and came to the bar
in 1824 ; in 1833 he was one of the Commissioners to
revise the State laws ; in 1840 he was appointed a
Judge of the Superior Court ; subsequently promoted
to the Supreme Bench, but not ratified by the Legis-
lature ; and in 1849 was re-appointed to the Superior
Court, which position he held for many years.
JSauvaiSf A, — He was Acting Governor of Lou-
siana in 1830.
SaxteVf JElisJia, — He was the reputed Governor
of Arkansas during a part of the years 1874 and 1875,
but owing to the difficulties in that State respecting
his election, it is not in the power of the compiler to
speak positively.
BaocteVf Henry, — He was a citizen of Michigan,
and in 1866 was appointed Minister Resident to Hon-
duras, where he remained until 1869, when he
returned to the United States.
SaocfeVf JPorfiis. — Was born in Brownington,
Orleans County, Vermont ; received a liberal educa-
tion, adopted the occupation of a merchant, and was
elected a Representative from Vermont to the Thirty-
seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Elec-
tions ; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and
served on the same Committee, and also on that of
Expenditures in the Navy Department. In 1852 and
in 1856 he was a Presidential Elector, Re-elected to
the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees
on Elections and Agriculture. He was also a Delegate
to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.
Died in Washington, March 4, 1868.
JBaijf William V, N, — ^He was born in New
York, and, having become a citizen of Missouri, was
elected a Representative in Congress, from 1849 to
1851, from that State.
Sayardf tTames A, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania in 1767, and graduated at Princeton College in
1784. After studying law at Philadelphia, he com-
menced the practice in Delaware, In 1796 he was
elected a Representative in Congress from Delaware,
serving from 1797 to 1801, when he was appointed
Minister to France. In 1804 he was elected to the
United States Senate, of which body he continued a
member till he was appointed by President Madison,
in 1813, a Commissioner to negotiate a peace with
Great Britain, The absence of the Emperor from St,
Petersburg preventing the transaction of any busi-
ness, he proceeded to Holland, He lent his able as-
sistance in the negotiation of the treaty of peace at
Ghent. At Paris he was apprised of his appointment
as Envoy to the Court of St, Petersburg ; this he
declined. He tendered, however, his co-operation in
forming a commercial treaty with Great Britain ; but
an alarming illness compelled him to return to the
United States. He arrived in June, and died August
6, 1815. He was the son-in-law of Richard Bassett.
Bayard, Ja^nes A . — He was born in Wilming-
ton, Delaware, November 15, 1799 ; was a Senator in
Congress from Delaware from 1851 to 1864, and
Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary, and a
member of the Committees on the Library and on
Public Grounds, In 1863 he was re-elected for his
third term, but resigned in January, 1864, He was
the son of the Senator bearing the same name, and a
brother of Richard H, Bayard. In April, 1867, he was
appointed to a seat in the Senate in the place of
George R. Riddle, deceased, and elected. He was a
Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868.
JBayardf John, — He was a Delegate from Penn-
sylvania to the Continental Congress from 1785 to
1787.
JBayardf Richard H, — He was born in Wil-
mington, Delaware, in 1796 ; graduated at Princeton
College in 1814 ; was bred to the law, and was a Sen-
ator in Congress from Delaware from 1836 to 1839,
and again from 1841 to 1845, He was subsequently
appointed Charge d' Affaires, in 1850, to Belgium.
Died in Philadelphia, March 4, 1868.
JBayardf Thomas F, — He was born in Wil-
mington, Delaware, in October, 1828 ; was chiefly
educated at the Flushing School, established by the
Rev, Dr, F. L, Hawks, and although his early train-
ing was for a mercantile life, he studied and adopted
the profession of law. He came to the bar in 1851,
and, excepting the years 1855 and 1856, when he
resided in Philadelphia, he has always practiced in
his native city. In 1853, he was appointed United
States District Attorney for Delaware, but resigned in
1854 ; was elected a Senator in Congress from that
State for the term commencing in 1869, and ending in
1875, serving on the Committees on Finance, Private
Land Claims, and Revision of Laws. On the same
day of his election, his father, James A. Bayard, was
also re-elected to the Senate from the same State — the
only instance of the kind which ever occurred.
JBayardf Williain, — He was a Delegate from
New York to the Colonial Congress, held m New
York city in 1765.
JBayley, Thomas, — He was born in Somerset
County, Maryland ; graduated at Princeton College in
1794, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1817 to 1823.
Hayley, Thomas M, — Born in Virginia in 1775 ;
entered public life in 1798, and continued therein
until 1830 ; served in both branches of the State Leg-
islature, and was a member of the State Constitution-
al Convention of 1830 ; having been a Representative
in Congress, from Virginia, from 1813 to 1815, It
was said of him that he never lost an election. Died
in Accomac County in 1834.
Bai/lieSf Francis, — Born in Bristol County, Mas-
sachusetts, October 16, 1783 ; was Register of Probate
in Bristol County, Massachusetts, from 1812 to 1820 ;
a member of the State Legislature from 1827 to 1832,
and also in 1835 ; was a Representative in Congress
26
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
from Massachusetts from 1821 to 1827, and in 1832 was
appointed Charge d' Affaires to Buenos Ayres, and
died October 28, 1852. He was the author of "A
History of the PljTuouth Colony."
HaylieSf William, — He graduated at Harvard
College in 1760 ; was a member of the Provincial
Congress in 1775 ; often a member of the Massachu-
setts State Council ; served many years in the State
Legislature ; was a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; and
a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts
from 1805 to 1809, when his seat was successfully
contested by Charles Turner. He died at Dighton,
Massachusetts, June 17, 1826, aged eighty-two years.
Haylies, William, — He was born in Dighton,
Massachusetts, September 15, 1776 ; graduated at
Brown University in 1795, studied law, and came to
the bar in 1799. He held a number of local offices,
served in the State Legislature in 1830 and 1831, and
was a Representative in Congress from Massachu-
setts from 1813 to 1817, and again from 1833 to 1835,
serving on important Committees. Died in Taunton,
Massachusetts, September 27, 1865. His father,
bearing the same name, was also in Congress.
IBayloVf H, E, S, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Alabama, from 1829 to 1831.
Saylijf Thomas Henry, — Born in Accomac
County, Virginia, in 1810 ; graduated at the Universi-
ty of Virginia, and came to the bar in 1830. At the
age of twenty-six he was chosen a member of the
General Assembly of Virginia, and was re-elected for
five years in succession. While a member of the
Legislature he was elected by that body a Brigadier-
General of the Militia of Eastern Virginia. He
resigned his seat, and was elected Judge of the Cir-
cuit Superior Court of Law. In 1844 he resigned his
seat on the bench, and was elected to the House of
Representatives, from the Accomac District, and con-
tinued, by successive elections, a member of the
House for twelve years, until the time of his death ;
during the Thirty-first Congress officiating as Chair-
man of the Committee of Ways and Means. He lived
and died on the same spot where his ancestors from
England landed in 1666, and where they established
the family home. He commanded the same brigade
which his grandfather had commanded, and he held
the same seat in the General Assembly of his State
and in the House of Representatives which his father
had occupied before him. He died June 22, 1856,
aged forty-five years.
JSealef Charles L, — Born in Canaan, Columbia
County, New York, March 5, 1824 ; was prepared for
college by a private tutor, and graduated at Union
College in 1844 ; studied law at Kinderhook, and was
admitted to the bar in 1849 ; was for several years a
member of the Republican State Central Committee
of New York ; and in 1858 was elected a Representa-
tive to the Thirty-sixth Congress from New York,
serving as a member of the Committee on Public
Buildings and Grounds. In 1864 he was a Presiden-
tial Elector, and was a Delegate to the Philadelphia
"National Union Convention" of 1866, and also to
the " State Republican Convention" of 1867.
JBealCf James M, H. — He was born in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1833 to 1837, and for two other terms, from 1849
to 1853.
Beale^ R, L, T.— Born at Hickory Hill, West-
moreland County, Virginia, May 22, 1819 ; his educa-
tion was obtained chiefly at Northumberland Academy,
spending a short time at Dickinson College, Pennsyl-
vania. In 1836 he commenced the study of law, and
graduated at the University of Virginia, as a student
of that profession, in 1838, and was licensed to prac-
tice in 1839. In 1847 he was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress and was a member of the Committee
on the Militia. He declined a re-election at the expi-
ration of his term. In 1850 he was a member of the
Reform Convention of Virginia, and in 1857 was
elected to the State Senate.
Seallf Mezin, — He was an officer in Wayne's
army, with Harrison and Van Rensselaer ; occupied
various public stations in Ohio, and was a member of
Congress from that State from 1813 to 1814, when he
resigned ; and died at Wooster, Ohio, February 20,
1843, aged seventy-three years.
JBeaniaUf Fernando C, — He was bom in
Chester, Windsor County, Vermont, June 28, 1814 ;
removed with his father to New York when a boy,
and left an orphan at the age of fifteen ; received a
good English education at the Franklin County Acad-
emy ; studied law in Rochester ; removed to Michi-
gan in 1838, and commenced the practice of his pro-
fession ; was for six years Prosecuting Attorney for
Lenawee County ; was Judge of Probate for four
years ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; and in
1860 was elected a Representative from Michigan to
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Roads and Canals. Re-elected to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, and served on the same Committee,
and also on that on Territories. Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
Territories, the Death of President Lincoln, and
Frauds on the Revenue, and as Chairman of that on
Roads and Canals. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866; and
re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses,
serving on the Committees on Reconstruction and
Appropriations.
Bean, Henning 31, — He was born in New
Hampshire in 1782 ; occupied a seat in the State Legis-
lature for five years, and was President of the Senate
in 1832 ; was a State Councilor in 1829 ; and a Rep-
resentative in Congress from 1833 to 1837, serving as
a member of the Committee on Agriculture. Died at
Moultonborough, New Hampshire, February 9, 1866.
Heardsley, Samuel, — He was born in Otsego
County, New York ; studied and adopted the profes-
sion of law ; settled at Rome, Oneida County, and
was District Attorney of the same ; also held the post
of Attorney-General of the State ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Oneida County, New York, to
the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and a part of the
Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-eighth Congresses, and
was Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary.
He also held the office of State Senator in 1823, and
those of Assistant Justice and Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court of the State, and the Federal appoint-
ment of United States District Attorney for New
York. Died at Utica, New York, May 6, 1860.
Beatty, John, — He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1769, and studied medicine ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New Jersey from 1793 to
1795, ha^dng been a Delegate to the Continental Con-
gress from 1783 to 1785. He died at Trenton, April
30, 1826, aged seventy-seven years.
Seatty, John, — He was born in Sandusky City,
Ohio, in 1828 ; received a good English education ;
engaged in the banking business at Cardington ; was
a Presidential Elector in 1860. At the beginning of
the Rebellion he entered the Third Ohio Infantry as
a private, but was at once elected Captain, soon pro-
moted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and as such
participated in several of the battles in West Vir-
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS
27
ginia ; as Colonel lie took a conspicuous part in tlie
campaigns of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama ;
headed his regiment at the battle of Perrysville ;
commanded a brigade at Murf reesboro', where he had
two horses killed under him ; and as a Brigadier-
GeDeral he commenced the fighting at Chickamauga ;
in 1864, for private reasons, he retired from the
army. In January, 1868, he was elected a Represent-
ative from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, for the un-
expired term of C. S. Hamilton, unfortunately killed
by his insane son. He was a member of the Com-
mittee on Invalid Pensions. Re-elected to the Forty-
first Congress, serving on other important Committees.
JSeatfj/f 3Iartin, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Kentucky from 1833 to 1835.
Seatfy, William,— -He was born in Ireland, and
was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania
from 1837 to 1841.
J^eaumofitf Andrew, — He was born in Penn-
sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1833 to 1837 ; appointed in 1846
Commissioner of Public Buildings for the District of
Columbia, and held the position until 1847. Died at
Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, October 30, 1853.
Sebbf JFilliain, — He was born in Butler Coun-
ty, Ohio, in 1802 ; received a good education ; was
Governor of Ohio from 1846 to 1848 ; and died at Rock-
ford, Illinois, October 24, 1873.
JBecli, Erasmus W, — Was born in McDonough,
Georgia, October 21, 1833 ; educated at Mercer Uni-
versity, in that State ; was admitted to the bar in
Georgia in 1856 ; practiced his profession there ; was
elected to the Forty-second Congress in the place of
Thomas J. Speer, deceased, being the first public of-
fice for which he was ever a candidate.
SecJCf tTames jB. — He was born in Dumfries-
shire, Scotland, February 13, 1822 ; received a good
classical education ; emigrated to this country when
sixteen years of age ; graduated at Transylvania Uni-
versity, Kentucky, in 1846 ; subsequently devoted his
whole attention to the practice of law ; in 1867
he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to
the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Reconstruction. Re-elected to the three subsequent
Congresses, serving on various important Committees,
including that on Appropriations.
JBechley, Jolm, — He was born in Virginia, and
had the honor of holding as first incumbent two
offices under the Government, viz. : that of Clerk of
the House of Representatives from 1789 to 1797, and
also from 1801 to 1807 ; and that of Librarian of Con-
gress from 1802 until 1807.
JBedfordf Gunning, — He was born in Philadel-
phia ; was a Lieutenant in the French War in 1755 ;
Major in 1775 *; Lieutenant-Colonel in Hasler's Regi-
ment in 1776 ; and was wounded at White Plains ;
subsequently appointed Muster-Master-General in
1776. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress
from 1783 to 1785 ; Governor of Delaware in 1796 and
1797. Died at New Castle, Delaware, September 30,
1797.
Bedford^ Gunning , Jr, — Bom in Philadel-
phia in 1747 ; graduated at New Jersey College in
1771 ; practiced law at Dover, and at Wilmington,
Delaware ; was a member of the Legislature, and At-
torney-General of the State ; a Delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress in 1785 and 1786 ; and a member of
the Convention which formed the Federal Constitu-
tion ; was a Presidential Elector in 1789 and 1793 ;
was United States District Judge from 1789 to his
death, which occurred in Wilmington, Delaware,
March 30, 1812. Cousin of Gunning Bedford.
J^edinger, George M, — Was born in Virginia ;
was one of the earliest emigrants to Kentucky ;
served as Adjutant in the expedition against Chili-
cothe in 1779; and as Major at the Battle of Blue Licks
in 1782 ; and did good service throughout the war as
an Indian spy. He led a battalion from Winchester,
Virginia, under St. Clair, in his expedition in 1791 ;
was Major of United States Infantry from April, 1792,
to February, 1793 ; was a member of the Kentucky
Legislature in 1792, and a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1803 to 1807. He spent the close
of his life in retirement, and died at Lower Blue
Licks, Kentucky, in 1830.
JBedinger^ Henry, — He was born in Virginia ;
received a classical education ; adopted the profession
of law ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Virginia from 1845 to 1849, where he was distin-
guished for his eloquence as a debater. In 1853 he
was appointed Charge d' Affaires to Denmark, after-
wards Minister Resident, and returned home in the
autumn of 1858. He died of pneumonia at Shepherds-
town, Virginia, November 26, 1858. During his resi-
dence in Denmark he was successful in bringing
about the treaty abolishing the Sound Dues.
JBedlCf Joseph Dorset, — He was born in Mat-
tawan, Monmouth County, New Jersey, January 2,
1831 ; graduated at the Ballston Law School, New
York ; came to the bar, and practiced his profession
at Mattawan ; removed to Freehold in 1855 ; in 1865
he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of
New Jersey, and M^as re-appointed in 1872 ; and in
1874 he was elected Governor of New Jersey.
HeCf Thomas, — Was a Revolutionary patriot of
South Carolina ; member of the Assembly ; Speaker
of the House of Representatives; member of the Pri-
vy Council ; Judge of the State Courts ; member of
the Council of Safety ; Lieutenant-Governor ; Dele-
gate to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1782,
and finally District Judge. He published "Reports
of the District Courts of South Carolina " in 1810.
Seebe^ George M, — Born in New Vernon,
Orange County, New York, October 28, 1836 ; at-
tended Wallkill Academy ; graduated at the Albany
Law University in 1857 ; practiced law for ten years,
and in 1859 went to Kansas ; was elected to the
Territorial Council, appointed Secretary of the Terri-
tory, and was Acting Governor ; in 1863 he went to
Nevada, and two years afterward was appointed Col-
lector of Internal Revenue, which he declined, and
returned to Sullivan County, New York, where he be-
came editor of The Bepuhlican Watchman at Monti-
cello. In 1872 and 1873 he was President of the Dem-
ocratic State Conventions at Syracuse and Utica ;
was elected to the Legislature of New York in 1873
and 1874, and was elected a Representative from New
York to the Forty-fourth Congress. In December,
1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Committee
on Navy Department.
Seecher, Philemon, — Born in New Haven,
Connecticut ; he was an able lawyer, and one of the
early settlers of Ohio, to which he emigrated from
Connecticut. He was a Representative in Congress
from Ohio from 1817 to 1821, serving as a member of
the Committee on the Judiciary, and was re-elected
from 1823 to 1829. He died at Lancaster, Ohio,
November 30, 1839, aged sixty-four years.
Beehman^ Thoinas. — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1829 to 1831.
28
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
JSeerSf Cyrus, — He was elected, in 1838, a Rep-
resentative from New York to the Twenty-fifth Con-
gress, for the unexpired term of Andrew D. W.
Bruyn, deceased.
JBeesoriy Henry TV, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1841 to 1843.
JBegolSf tfosiah IV, — Born in Groveland, New
York, January 30, 1815 ; received a public-school ed-
ucation ; removed to Genesee County, Michigan, in
1836 ; taught school during the winters ; commenced
work as a farmer in 1839, and followed that occupa-
tion until 1856 ; was elected County Treasurer from
1856 to 1864 ; commenced the lumbering business in
1863 ; was elected to the State Senate in 1871 ; was
an Alderman for the city of Flint for three years ; a
Delegate to the National Republican Convention at
Philadelphia in 1872, and was elected to the Forty-
third Congress, serving on the Committee on Public
Expenditures.
JBelcher, Hiram* — Born in Augusta, Maine ;
educated at Hallo well Academy ; studied law, and
admitted to the bar in 1812 ; was for four or five
years a member of the Maine Legislature ; and was a
Representative in Congress from that State from
1847 to 1848. Died May 7, 1857, aged sixty-seven
years.
Selcher, Nathan, — Born in Griswold, Con-
necticut, June 23, 1813 ; graduated at Amherst Col-
lege in 1832 ; studied law with Samuel Ingham of
Essex, and at the Cambridge Law School ; was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1836, and practiced at Clinton,
Connecticut, until 1841, when he removed to New
London, relinquished the practice of law, and en-
gaged in manufacturing. He was a member of the
House of Representatives of Connecticut in 1846 and
1847, and of the State Senate in 1850 ; was a Presi-
dential Elector in 1852 ; and a Representative in Con-
gress from 1853 to 1855.
JSeldetif George O. — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829.
JSelfordf James S, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and in 1874 was appointed Associate Justice of
the Supreme Court in the Territory of Colorado, re-
siding in the town of Central.
Helhnapf William W, — He was the son of W.
G. Belknap of the United States Army, and born in
Hudson City, New York, in 1831 ; graduated at
Princeton College in 1848 ; adopted the profession of
law, and settled in Keokuk, Iowa. He was elected to
the Iowa Legislature in 1849 ; at the beginning of the
Rebellion, in 1861, he entered the military service as
Major of Volunteers ; was present at the battles of
Shiloh and Vicksburg ; was with General Sherman
in his great campaign, and was so rapidly promoted
as to have command of a division of the army as
Major-General . After the war, he was appointed a
Collector of Internal Revenue, which position he held
until he entered President Grant's cabinet, October 13,
1869, as Secretary of War.
JBellf Hiram, — He was born in Vermont, and
was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from
1852 to 1853.
Sell, Hiram JP, — He was born in Jackson Coun-
ty, Georgia, January 19, 1827 ; received an academic
education ; studied law, and engaged in practice ;
was a candidate in 1856 for Congress ; a candidate in
1860 for Elector ; was elected in 1860 to the Conven-
tion of Georgia which adopted the Ordinance of Seces-
sion, which he opposed ; was elected a member of
the State Senate of Georgia in 1861 ; elected Lieuten-
ant-Colonel of the Forty-third Regiment Georgia Vol-
unteers, and having been severely wounded in the
battle of Chickasaw Bayou, December 29, 1862, he re-
signed ; was elected in October, 1863 , to the Confed-
erate Congress ; in 1868 he was a member of the
Electoral College, and elected to the Forty-third Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Weights and
Measures.
Hellf tTames, — Born November 13, 1804, in
Francistown, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire ;
graduated at Bowdoin College in 1822 ; studied law,
and completed his course at Litchfield ; was admitted
to the bar in 1825, and commenced to practice at Gil-
manton ; removed to Exeter, and thence to Gilford ;
and for many years held a distinguished rank in his
profession. In 1846 he was elected to the Legisla-
ture, and was a member of the Constitutional Conven-
tion of the State in 1850. He was elected United
States Senator in June, 1855, for six years, and died
in Laconia, New Hampshire, May 26, 1857, whither
he had gone from Washington, to recruit his health.
Sellf tTames WI, — He was born in Ohio, and was
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1833 to 1835.
Sell, John, — Born in Londonderry, New Hamp-
shire, in 1766 ; was for many years a merchant in
Chester, New Hampshire ; Councilor of the State ;
and Sheriff of Rockingham County, from 1823 to
1828. He was Governor of New Hampshire from
1829 to 1830. Died in Chester, March 22, 1836.
Sell, John, — He was born near Nashville, Ten-
nessee, February 15, 1797. He commenced his studies
at Cumberland College, now the Nashville University,
and graduated at the latter in 1814 ; he studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in 1816. In 1817 he was
elected to the State Senate ; declined a re-election,
and devoted the next ten years of his life wholly to
his profession ; in 1827 he was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, and continued to be re-elected until
1841, officiating during one term as Speaker ; in 1841
he accepted a seat in President Harrison's cabinet as
Secretary of War, which post he resigned in five
months after the accession of President Tyler ; in
1847 he accepted a seat in the House of Representa-
tives of Tennessee, but before the close of the year
he was elected to the United States Senate, and was
re-elected in 1852, serving, from time to time, as
Chairman of important Committees until the close of
the Thirty-fifth Congress. In May, 1860, he received
from the Union party the nomination for President of
the United States, but was defeated. Died at Nash-
ville, September 10, 1869.
Sell, John, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Ohio from 1850 to 1851.
Sell, Joshua F, — He was born in Kentucky,
and elected a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1845 to 1847, serving as a member of the
Committee on Invalid Pensions, and declined a re-
election. He is a lawyer, and distinguished in the
West as an orator. He was also a member of the
"Peace Convention" of 1861. Died in Kentucky,
August 17, 1870.
Sell, Seter H, — He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative .in Congress from Texas from
1853 to 1857. He was also Governor of that State
from 1849 to 1853, and subsequently Judge of the
Supreme Court of that State.
Sell, Samuel, — ^Born in Londonderry, New
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
29
Hampsliire, February 9, 1770. He worked on his
father's farm until eighteen years of age, when he
prepared himself for College ; graduated at Dart-
mouth in 1793 ; studied law, and was admitted to
practice in 1796 ; was a member of the Legislature
from 1804 to 1808, occupying the position of Speak-
er ; in 1807 and 1808 was a member of the Senate ; in
1809 member of the Executive Council ; from 1816 to
1819 was Judge of the Superior Court of the State ;
and in 1819 was chosen Governor, serving till 1823 ;
from 1823 to 1835 was United States Senator. Re-
ceived the degree of LL.D. at Bowdoin College in
1821. He died in Chester, New Hampshire, Decem-
ber 23, 1850.
JBellf Samuel N, — Born in Chester, New Hamp-
shire, March 25, 1829 ; graduated at Dartmouth Col-
lege in 1847 ; studied law, and practiced at Manches-
ter ; was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving
on the Committee on Private Land Claims. He was
subsequently appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of New Hampshire.
Hellinger, Joseph, — He was a Presidential
Elector in 1809 ; and a Representative in Congress
from South Carolina from 1817 to 1819.
bellows, Henry A, — He was a native of New
Hampshire, where he was born in 1803 ; received a
good education ; was for many years Justice, and also
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Hamp-
shire ; received from Dartmouth College the degree of
Doctor of Laws ; and died March 11, 1873.
JBelmontf August, — He was born in Alzey, Rhe-
nish Palatinate, and his father was a noted landed
proprietor ; received his education at Frankfort ; was
employed for several years in the offices of the great
bankers the Brothers Rothschild, at Frankfort and
Naples ; removed to the city of New York in 1837,
and while yet only twenty-one years of age, became
the financial representative of his old employers in
this country. He was wounded in a duel in 1841,
causing a permanant lameness. From 1844 to 1850,
he was Consul General for the Empire of Austria, but
not liking the conduct of that Government towards
Hungary, resigned the office ; in 1853 he was appoint-
ed by President Pierce Charge d' Affaires to the Hague,
and afterwards became Minister Resident, resigning
in 1858 ; in the latter capacity he negotiated a highly
important Consular Convention, for which and other
diplomatic services, he received special thanks from
"Washington. He was a leading Delegate to the Dem-
ocratic Convention of 1860 ; from that year until 1872
he was Chairman of the National Democratic Com-
mittee, when he resigned. He is a man of culture,
and eminent as a patron of the Fine Arts.
JBelser, JTames K, — He was born in South Caro-
lina, and was a Representative in Congress from
Alabama, from 1843 to 1845. Died at Montgomery,
Alabama, January 16, 1859.
Benedict^ Charles L, — He was born in New
York, liberally educated, and resides in Brooklyn,
whence he was appointed, in 1865, United States
Judge for the Eastern District of New York.
JBenedict, Mdrb]/. — He was appointed in 1853
an Associate Justice of the United States Court for
the Territory of New Mexico, residing in Santa Fe.
He was born in Connecticut, but appointed from Illi-
nois.
Benjamin, John F, — Born in the town of
Cicero, Onondaga County, New York, January 23,
1817 ; received a common-school education ; spent
three years in Texas, and in 1848 settled in Mis-
souri, in the practice of the law. In 1851 and 1852
he was a member of the Missouri Legislature ; in
1856 he was a Presidential Elector ; in 1861 he en-
tered as a private in the Missouri Cavalry ; in Jan-
uary, 1862, he was commissioned a Captain ; in May,
of the same year, a Major ; in September following
a Lieutenant-Colonel, which position he resigned on
being appointed Provost-Marshal for the Eighth Dis-
trict of his State. He was also a Delegate to the Bal-
timore Convention of 1864, and was elected a Repre-
sentative from Missouri to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Invalid Pensions and
Expenditures in the Interior Department. Re-elect-
ed to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Retrenchment. Re-elected to the Forty-first
Congress, and made Chairman of Invalid Pensions.
Benjamin, Judah JP. — Was a Presidential
Elector in 1849 ; a lawyer by profession ; and was
elected a Senator in Congress from Louisiana, to
serve from 1853 to 1859, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Private Land Claims, and as a member
of the Committees on the Judiciary and on Commerce.
In 1859 was re-elected for a term of six years, but was
expelled March 14, 1861. He is of Hebrew descent.
He became identified with the Rebellion of 1861, and
was Attorney - General of the so-called "Southern
Confederacy." Settled in London, England, after
the war, and was made Queen's Counsel for Lan-
caster.
Bennef, Benjannin, — Born in 1762 ; was a
Baptist minister, and a Representative in Congress
from New Jersey from 1815 to 1819. He died at
Middletown, New Jersey, October 8, 1840.
Bennet, Thomas, — He was born in South Car-
olina, and was Governor of that State from 1820 to
1822.
Bennett, Caleb JP, — He was a Major in the Del-
aware Regiment of the Revolutionary Army, and was
engaged at the battles of Brandywine, Germantown,
and Monmouth. He was Governor of Delaware from
1833 until his death, which occurred at Wilmington,
Delaware, May 7, 1836, aged seventy-eight years.
Bennett, David S, — He was elected a Repre-
sentative from New York to the Forty -first Congress,
serving on the Committees on Commerce and the In-
terior Department.
Bennett, Henry, — He was born in New Lisbon,
Otsego County, New York, September 29, 1808 ;
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1832 ;
and having been elected to Congress as a Represent-
ative from that State in 1848, has continued to be re-
elected, so that at the end of the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress he had served in that capacity, continuously,
the period of ten years. During the Tliirty-fourth
Congress he was Chairman of the Committee on Pub-
lis Lands, and reported a number of important bills
for the benefit of the western States, and during the
Thirty-fifth Congress he served as a member of the
same Committee.
Bennett, Hiram B, — Was born in Carthage,
Maine, September 2, 1826 ; received a common-school
education in Ohio ; in 1852 he was elected to a Judge-
ship in Western Iowa ; moved to Nebraska Territory
in 1854, and was at once elected a member of the
Territorial Council ; in 1858 he was re-elected to the
Nebraska Legislature, and made Speaker of the
House ; removed to Colorado Territory in 1859, and
was chosen a Delegate therefrom to the Thirty-sev-
enth Congress ; and in 1862 was re-elected to the
Thirty-eighth Congress. In March, 1867, he was ap-
pointed Secretary of the Territory of Colorado.
30
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
JBennetf,, H, S. — Born in Williamson County,
Tennessee, March 7, 1807 ; received a limited educa-
tion ; studied law, and began to practice in 1830,
when he removed to Mississippi, where he held the
office of Circuit Judge for eight years, and of which
State he was a Representative in Congress during the
Thirty-fourth Congress.
JBennetf f Milo Lyman, — ^He was born in Shar-
on, Connecticut, in 1790 ; studied at Williams Col-
lege, but graduated at Yale College in 1811 ; studied
law at Litchfield, and settled at Burlington, Vermont;
in 1839 he was made one of the Justices of the Su-
preme Court of the State, and held the position for
twenty years ; received from Dartmouth College the
degree of LL.D. in 1851 ; and died in Taunton, Massa-
chusetts, July 7, 1868.
jBennettf TJiomas W, — He was born in Union
County, Indiana, February 16, 1831 ; graduated at the
Asbury University Law School in 1854 ; elected to the
Indiana Senate in 1858 ; entered the Union Army in
1861 as a Captain ; served through the war, and be-
came a Brigadier-General of Volunteers ; was re-
elected to the Indiana Senate in 1864, serving four
years ; was elected Mayor of Richmond, Indiana, in
1869, serving two years ; appointed Governor of Idaho
in 1871, serving until December, 1875, when he re-
signed to take his seat in the Forty-fourth Congress
from Idaho, to which he had been elected in 1874.
JBensotif Egbert, — He was eminent as a states-
man and jurist, and died at Jamaica, New York, in
August, 1833, in the eighty-seventh year of his age.
He was a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1789 to 1793, taking an active part in its
deliberations. He had previously served as a Dele-
gate in the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1788,
He was a graduate of Columbia College in 1765, and
received literary honors from Harvard University in
1808, and from Dartmouth in 1811. He was also the
first President of the New York Historical Society ;
and was again a Representative in Congress in 1813,
for one session, when he resigned and was succeed-
ed by William Irving. From 1780 to 1789 he was
Attorney-General of New York, and from 1794 to 1801
a Judge of the Supreme Court.
JBenf^on, Samuel JP, — He was born in the town
of Winthrop, Maine ; graduated at Bowdoin College
in 1835 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a mem-
ber of the State Legislature in 1834 and 1836 ; Secre-
tary of State in 1838 and 1841 ; and was elected a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Maine in 1853, and was
re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress, when he
served as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Af-
fairs. He was at one time one of the Overseers of
Bowdoin College.
JBentf Silas, — He was born in Massachusetts ;
was for many years an influential citizen of the Ter-
ritory of Missouri, and in 1813 was appointed Uni-
ted States Judge for the Territory of Missouri, His
name was given to a well-known frontier post and
military fort.
Benton, Charles >S.— He was born in Maine,
and was a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1843 to 1849.
Benton, Jacob, — Born in Waterford, Vermont,
August 14, 1819 ; attended the Newbury Seminary,
and graduated at Manchester, Vermont; studied law,
and came to the bar in 1843, locating himself at Lan-
caster, New Hampshire ; in 1854, 1855, and 1856 he
was elected to the State Legislature ; was a Delegate
to the Chicago Convention of 1860 ; came within one
vote of being nominated for Congress in 1862; and in
1867 he was elected a Representative from New
Hampshire to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses ;
serving on the Committees on Land Claims, Retrench-
ment, Pensions, and Agriculture.
Benton, Samuel, — He was a Representative in
Congress from South Carolina from 1793 to 1798.
Benton, TJiomas Mart, — He was born in
Hillsborough, North Carolina, March 14, 1782, and
educated at Chapel Hill College. He left that insti-
tution without receiving a degree, and forthwith com-
menced the study of law in William and Mary Col-
lege, Virginia, under Mr. St. George Tucker. In 1810
he entered the United States Army, but soon re-
signed his commission of Lieutenant-Colonel, and in
1811 was at Nashville, Tennessee, where he com-
menced the practice of the law. He soon afterwards
emigrated to St. Louis, Missouri, where he connected
himself with the press as the editor of a newspaper,
the Missouri Argus. In 1820 he was elected a mem-
ber of the United States Senate, serving as Chairman
of many important Committees, and remained in that
body till the session of 1851, at which time he failed
of re-election. As Missouri was not admitted into the
Union till August 10, 1821, more than a year of his
first term of service expired before he took his seat.
He occupied himself during this interval before tak-
ing his seat in Congress, in acquiring a knowledge of
the language and literature of Spain. Immediately af-
ter he appeared in the Senate he took a prominent part
in the deliberations of that body, and rapidly rose to
distinction. Few public measures were discussed be-
tween the years 1821 and 1851 that he did not partic-
ipate in largely, and the influence he wielded was al-
ways felt and confessed by the country. He was one
of the chief supporters of the administrations of Pres-
idents Jackson and Van Buren. The people of Mis-
souri long clung to him as their leader, and it re-
quired persevering effort to defeat him. But he had
served them during the entire period of thirty years
without interruption, and others, who aspired to
honors he enjoyed, became impatient for an opportu-
nity to supplant him. He was distinguished for his
learning, iron will, practical mind, and strong memo-
ry. As a public speaker he was not interesting or
calculated to produce an effect on the passions of an
audience, but his speeches were read with avidity, al-
ways producing a decided influence. He was elected
a Representative in the Thirty- third Congress for the
District of St. Louis, and on his retirement from pub-
lic life devoted himself to the preparation of a valu-
able register of the debates in Congress, upon which
he labored until his death, which occurred in Wash-
ington, on the 10th of April, 1858, of cancer in the
stomach. He was the author of a political book, giv-
ing an account of his observations during his Sena-
torial service of Thirty Years.
Beresford, Bichard, — He was a Delegate from
South Carolina to the Continental Congress from
1783 to 1785.
Bergen, John T, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833.
Bergen, Tennis G, — Born in Gowanus, city of
Brooklyn, New York, October 6, 1806 ; was educated
at the Academy of Erasmus Hall, Flatbush ; was a
surveyor and horticulturist ; was a member of the
State Constitutional Convention of 1846 ; was Super-
visor of the town of New Utrecht for twenty-three
years ; served in all the grades, from Sergeant to Col-
onel, in the State Militia ; was a member of the
Charleston and Baltimore Conventions of 1860, and
was elected in 1864 a Representative from New York
to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Agriculture.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
31
Bernhiself John iHT.— Born in Cumberland
County, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1799 ; graduated in
the Medical Department of Pennsylvania University ;
engaged in the practice of medicine ; and was elected
a Delegate to the Thirty-fifth Congress from the Ter-
ritory of Utah. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth and
Thirty-seventh Congresses.
Servian f Hohart, — He was born in New York,
and was the son of the Reverend Doctor of Divinity
bearing the name ; he was a man of superior culture
and education ; and after holding the position of
Clerk in the Treasury Department, was appointed, in
1861, the Fourth Auditor of the Treasury, where he
remained until 1864.
IBerrien, John WcJPherson, — Born in New
Jersey, August 23, 1781, but when a child removed
with his father to Georgia. He graduated at Prince-
ton in his fifteenth year, and was admitted to the bar
in 1799. In 1809 he was elected Solicitor-General,
and the next year Judge of the Eastern Circuit. Dur-
ing the War of 1812 he had command of a regiment of
volunteer cavalry. He served in the State Legisla-
ture for several years. In 1824 he was elected to
the United States Senate, where he remained until
1829, when he took a seat in the cabinet of President
Jackson as Attorney-General, For a while afterwards
he held various positions of responsibility in Georgia,
and in 1840 was re-elected to the United States Sen-
ate for six years, taking an active part in all leading
measures, and officiating most of the time as Chair-
man of the Judiciary Committee, In 1845 he was
elected one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of
Georgia, and in 1847 was once more elected to the
United States Senate, resigning his seat in May,
1852. On his return to Georgia, he still continued, in
various ways, to promote the public good, and he died
at Savannah, January 1, 1856, universally lamented.
He was undoubtedly one of the best, most distin-
guished, and high-minded statesmen of the country.
JBerry, John* — Born April 26, 1833, in Crawford
County, Ohio ; educated at the common schools, and
the Ohio Wesleyan University ; graduated at the law
school of Cincinnati College ; admitted to the bar in
1857, and has since practiced his profession at Upper
Sandusky ; was Prosecuting Attorney of Wyandot
County in 1862, and again in 1864 ; never was a can-
didate for any other office until elected to the Forty-
third Congress, serving on one or more Committees.
Berry, Nathaniel S. — He was Governor of
New Hampshire for two years, from 1861 to 1863,
taking an active interest in raising troops for the War
of the Rebellion.
Bethunef Latighlin, — A native of North Caro-
lina ; for several years a Senator in the State Legis-
lature, and from 1831 to 1833 a Representative in
Congress from Cumberland County in that State,
serving as a member of the Committee on Elections.
Betton, Silas, — He graduated at Dartmouth Col-
lege in 1787 ; was a Representative in Congress from
New Hampshire from 1803 to 1807 ; held the office
of Sheriff of Rockingham County for several years,
and died at Salem, New Hampshire, in 1822, aged
fifty-eight years.
BeffSf Sainuel JR. — He was born in Richmond,
Beikshire County, Massachusetts, in 1787 ; spent his
boyhood on his father's farm ; graduated at Williams
College in 1806 ; studied law, came to the bar in
1809, and settled in Sullivan County, New York, He
took part in the War of 1812, and was appointed Judge
Advocate, He was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1815 to 1817 ; after which he
settled in Newburg, and was District Attorney of
Orange County, In 1823 he was appointed a Circuit
Judge for the State ; and in 1826 he was appointed
Judge of the United States District Court for the
Southern District of New York, which he continued
to hold until May, 1867, when he resigned and re-
tired to private life. His labors as a Judge were
long held in the highest estimation by the legal pro-
fession of New York. Died in New Haven, Connec-
ticut, October 3, 1868.
BetfSf Thaddeus, — He was born in Norwalk,
Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1807, and
acquired great distinction as a lawyer. He was at
one time Lieutenant-Governor of Connecticut, and an
influential member of the United States Senate from
1839 to the date of his death, April 7, 1840, He was
greatly respected for his talents and character.
BeveridgCf John L, — Born July 6, 1824, in
Greenwich, New York ; was raised on a farm and re-
ceived a common-school education ; in 1842 he emi-
grated to Illinois and received further education at
the Rock River Seminary. From 1846 to 1851, he
taught school in Tennessee and read law ; practiced
in Chicago ; served four years in the Union Army as
Major and Colonel of Cavalry ; was Sheriff of Cook
County, Illinois, two years ; was elected State Senator
in November, 1870, and resigned when he was elected
to fill the vacancy in the Forty-second Congress caused
by the election of John A, Logan to the Senate.
Elected Governor of Illinois in 1873, and his term
will not expire until 1877.
Bibb, George M, — He was born in Virginia in
1772 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1792 ; studied
law, and settled in Kentucky. He was a Justice, and
twice Chief Justice, of the Court of Appeals of Ken-
tucky ; was in the State Senate two years ; held the
position of Chancellor of the Court of Chancery ; was
Secretary of the Treasury under President Tyler ;
afterwards practiced his profession in the City of
Washington, and acted as an assistant in the office
of the Attorney- General of the United States. His
services in Congress were rendered as a Senator from
1811 to 1814, and again from 1829 to 1835, He died
in Georgetown, District of Columbia, April 14, 1859.
One of his marked peculiarities was a fondness for
fishing, which he practiced with enthusiasm.
Bibb, Thomas, — He was a kinsman of W. W.
Bibb, whom he succeeded as Governor of Alabama
in 1820, holding the office until 1821.
Bibb, William W, — Died at his residence, in
Fort Jackson, Alabama, July 9, 1820, aged thirty-nine
years. He was a Representative in Congress from
Georgia from 1806 to 1814, and a Senator in Congress
from 1813 to 1816 ; and was appointed in 1817 Gov-
ernor of the Territory of Alabama. He was elected
first Governor under the Constitution of that State in
1819. He was originally educated for the medical
profession.
BibighaiiSf Thomas M, — Born in Pennsyl-
vania in 1616 ; and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1851 to the time of his death,
which occurred in Lebanon, Pennsylvania, June 18,
1853.
Bicknell, Bennef, — He was born in Mansfield,
Connecticut, in 1803 ; and was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839 ; having
been in the Assembly of the State in 1812, and a State
Senator from 1815 to 1818. Died at Morrisville, Madi-
son County, in 1863.
Biddle, Charles John.— Both in Philadelphia
32
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
in 1819 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1837 ;
studied law, and came to the bar in 1840 ; served as a
Captain of Voltigeurs, United States Army, in the
war with Mexico, and was in the actio^ns of Contreras,
Churubusco, Molino del Key, Chapultepec, and the
taking of the City of Mexico, having been brevetted
a Major for gallant and meritorious services. After
the Mexican war he resumed the practice of his pro-
fession in Philadelphia. In 1861, he was appointed a
Colonel in the Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps ;
and while in the field in Virginia he was elected a
Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-
seventh Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the
resignation of E. Joy Morris. Before quitting the
field he was tendered the commission of Brigadier-
General, but declined it, preferring to serve his con-
stituents in a civil capacity. Died in Philadelphia,
September 28, 1873. He was the son of Nicholas
Biddle.
JBiddle, Edward , — Was born in 1739 ; was an
oilicer in the French War from 1756 to 1763 ; became
eminent as a lawyer in Reading, Pennsylvania ; was
a member of the Assembly, and Speaker ; was a Dele-
gate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1775 ;
and was one of the prominent advocates of Independ-
ence. He died in Baltimore, September 5, 1779.
SiddlSf JTames, — Born at Philadelphia, Febru-
ary 28, 1783 ; was educated at the University of Penn-
sylvania ; entered the navy as midshipman in 1800 ;
was wrecked in the frigate Philadelphia off Tripoli
in 1803, and was a prisoner nineteen months ; made
lieutenant in 1807. He was first-lieutenant of the
Wasp, and led the action with the Frolic in 1812 ;
captured by the Poictiers, in October, 1812 ; ex-
changed in March, 1813 ; made master-commander,
and given a flotilla on the Delaware ; while in com-
mand of the Hornet, was blockaded in New Lon-
don, but escaped and captured the British brig Pen-
guin, and received a wound in the neck ; for this
action he was voted a gold medal by Congress, Phila-
delphia presented him with a service of plate, and
he received other honors ; was made Captain in 1815 ;
held other important commands in the Pacific, on the
coast of South America, and West Indies ; and from
1830 to 1832 had command of the Mediterranean
squadron, during which time he negotiated a ytreaty
with the Ottoman Government. In 1845, was U. S.
Commissioner to ratify a treaty with China ;( visited
Japan in the Columbus ; and commanded the squad-
ron on the west coast of Mexico during the war.
From 1838 to 1842, had charge of the Naval Asylum
on the Schuylkill. Died in Philadelphia, October 1,
1848.
Middle, tfohn, — He was born in Philadelphia ;
was an ofiicer in the War of 1812, acquitting himself
with bravery ; held the position of Paymaster in the
Army ; also that of Indian Agent ; and was a Delegate
to Congress from the Territory of Michigan from
1829 to 1831, when he was appointed Register of the
Land Office at Detroit, Michigan. For some years'
before his death he had been traveling in Europe,
and died at the White Sulphur Springs, Virginia,
August 25, 1859, aged about seventy years.
Biddle f Nicholas, — Nephew of Edward. Was
born in Philadelphia, January 8, 1786 ; graduated at
Princeton College in 1801 ; was Secretary of Legation
at Paris in 1804, and at London in 1806*; traveled in
Europe ; and in 1807 returned to Philadelphia and
practiced law ; edited the Portfolio ; and compiled,
by request of the President of the United States, a
" Commercial Digest," which was issued by Congress ;
also prepared the narrative of Lewis and Clarke's
expedition to the Pacific. He was a member of the
Pennsylvania Legislature in 1810 and 1811 ; State
Senator in 1814 ; and advocated the war with Eng-
land. He was Director of the United States Bank in
1819, and its President from 1823 to 1839 ; and during
the suspension of the interest on the State debt, he
published a plan for its liquidation, which was adopted
by the Legislature. He was President of the Agri-
cultural and Horticultural Societies, of the Trus-
tees of the University of Pennsylvania, and of Girard
College. He delivered an eulogium on Jefferson
before the Philosophical Society, and an address on
the ''Duties of the American," before the alumni of
Princeton College. Died in Philadelphia, February
27, 1844.
Hiddle, Michard, — Brother of Nicholas. Was
born in Philadelphia, March 25, 1796 ; he served
during the war of 1812, for the protection of Phila-
delphia ; became a leader of the Pittsburg bar ;
visited England from 1827 to 1830, and was occupied
in historical investigations ; on his return he resumed
the practice of law ; and was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1837 to 1841.
While in England he published an expose of Captain
Basil Hall's "Travels in America." His "Life of
Sebastian Cabot," in 1831, brought to light new and
important facts in the discovery of America. He
died in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, July 7, 1847.
JBiddle, ThOiuas, — He was a citizen of Pennsyl-
vania ; in 1861 he was appointed Secretary of Lega-
tion to Brazil, and acted as Charge d'Aifaires ; in 1871,
he was appointed Minister Resident to Salvador,
where he remained until 1873 ; in 1875, he was ap-
pointed Minister Resident to Ecuador ; and his death
occurred at Guyaquil, May 7, 1875, whilst on his way
to his post. He was a nephew of Nicholas Biddl6,
and served twenty years in the public service.
SidlacJCf Benjamin A, — He was born in Penn-
sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania from 1841 to 1845 ; and died at Bogota,
New Grenada, February 29, 1849, to which country
he had been appointed Charge d' Affaires immediately
after leaving Congress.
JSidwellf Barnabas, — He graduated at Yale
College in 1785 ; received the degree of LL.D. from
that institution, and was a Representative in Congress
from Massachusetts from 1805 to 1807 ; from 1801 to
1805 he was a member of the Massachusetts Legisla-
ture, and Attorney-General for the State from 1807 to
1810. He died in 1833.
Bidivellf tfolin, — Bom in Chautauqua County,
New York, August 5, 1819, both his grandfathers
having fought in the Revolutionary War. In 1829
he went with his father's family to Erie, Pennsyl-
vania, and in 1831 to Ashtabula County, Ohio ; was
educated at Kingsville Academy ; taught school in
Darke County in the winter of 1838-1839 ; and subse-
quently followed the same employment for two years
in Missouri. In 1841 he emigrated to California,
having been one of the first to cross the wild over-
land route, which journey occupied six months. His
first employment on the Pacific coast was to take
charge of Bodega and Fort Russ. He also had charge
of Sutter's Feather River possessions. He served in
the War with Mexico until its close, rising from
Second Lieutenant to Major. He was the first man
to find gold on Feather River, in 1848. In 1849 he
was a member of the State Constitutional Convention,
and during the same year was elected to the Senate
of the new State. In 1850 he was one of the two ap-
pointed to convey a block of gold-bearing quartz to
Washington City ; was a dissatisfied Delegate to the
Charleston Convention in 1860. Since that time he
has been a Brigadier-General of Militia, and m 1864
he was elected a Representative from California to
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
33
tibe TMrty -ninth Congress serving on the Committee
on the Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Agriculture. He was also a Delegate to
the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866;
and in 1875 he was a candidate for Governor of Cali-
fornia, but defeated.
JBiernef Andrew, — He was a native of Ireland,
and, on becoming a citizen of Virginia, was elected a
Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1841.
Bieri/f tfames S. — Was born in Venango
County, Pennsylvania, March 2, 1839 ; received an
academic education ; taught school several years ;
studied theology and law ; was admitted to the bar
in 1868, since which time he has continued the prac-
tice ; in 1869 was a candidate for the Legislature,
running ahead of his ticket ; and was elected to the
Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on
Mileage.
JBighif, John SiirriTner field, — Was born in
Coweta County, Georgia, February 13, 1832 ; received
his early education at the coiinty schools ; graduated
at Emory College, Georgia, in 1853 ; studied and
practiced law ; was a member of the State Constitu-
tional Convention of 1867-1868 ; was Solicitor-Gen-
eral of the Tallapoosa Circuit in 1868 ; was Judge of
its Superior Court until 1871 ; was elected to the
Forty-second Congress, serving on the joint Commit-
tees of Expenditures in the Post Office Department,
and Revision of the Laws of the United States.
Higelow, A hijah, — Born in Westminster, Wor-
cester County, Massachusetts, December 5, 1775. He
graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795 ; studied
law, and was admitted to practice in 1798 ; was
Town Clerk of Leominster for five years ; served two
years as a member of the General Court of Massachu-
setts ; and was a Representative in Congress from
1810 to 1815. In 1838 he was appointed a Master in
Chancery for Worcester County ; from 1817 to 1833
he was Clerk of the County Court of Worcester ; at
one time Treasurer and Trustee of Leicester Academy ;
and held the minor office of Justice of the Peace for
about fifty years. Died April 4, 1860.
JSigelotVf tXohn. — He was born in Ulster Coun-
ty, New York, November 25, 1817 ; graduated at
Union College in 1835 ; studied law, and came to the
bar in 1838 ; from 1845 to 1848 he held the position of
Prison Inspector at Sing Sing ; in 1849 he joined the
New York Evening Post as Chief Assistant Editor
(next to its proprietor, William C. Bryant) ; during
the same year he made a visit to the Island of Jamai-
ca, about which he published an interesting volume ;
in 1861 he went to Paris as American Consul ; in 1865
he was appointed Charge d' Affaires at the same place;
and in 1865 was elevated to the rank of Minister
Plenipotentiary, but resigned in 1866. On his return
home he devoted himself to literary pursuits, and in
1874 published an elaborate life of Benjamin Frank-
lin, containing 'much new information gathered by
himself in France. In 1875 he was invited by Gover-
nor Tilden to preside over a commission organized to
investigate certain alleged frauds connected with the
Erie Canal. His contributions to the literature of the
country have been extensive and important. In
November, 1875, he was elected Secretary of the State
of New York.
HigeloiVf Letvis, — Born in Worcester County,
Massachusetts, in 1783 ; was a Representative in
Congress from his native State from 1821 to 1823 ;
was the author of the ''Digest of the First Twelve
Volumes of Massachusetts Reports ; " and removing
to Peoria, Illinois, became Clerk of the County Court
there, and died in October, 1838.
HiggeVf Finley, — He was bom in Ohio, and in
1853 he was appointed from Indiana Register of
the United States Treasury, holding the office until
1861.
Higgev, Samuel, — Born in Warren County,
Ohio, about 1800 ; graduated at Athens University ;
studied law at Lebanon, and commenced to practice
in Indiana ; was a Representative in the Legislature
in 1834 and 1835; and afterwards Judge of the Circuit
Court. He was Governor of Indiana from 1840 to
1843. The Indiana Hospital was established by his
influence. Died at Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1845.
SiggSf Asa, — Bom in Williamstown, Martin
County, North Carolina, February 4, 1811. He was
educated at an academy, served as a merchant's clerk,
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1831.
In 1835 he was elected a member of the Constitutional
Convention of that State ; in 1840, 1842, and 1844 he
was elected to the State Legislature. He was chosen
a member of the Twenty-ninth Congress,, In 1850
he was one of three Commissioners appointed to re-
vise the Statutes of the State. In 1854 he went a
second time into the State Senate ; and he was elected
a Senator in Congress in 1854 for six years, but re-
signed. May, 1858, for the appointment of Judge of
the United States District Court of North Carolina,
conferred upon him by President Buchanan. He was
a member of the Committees on Finance, and on
Private Land Claims.
Higgs, Eenjainin T, — Born in Delaware, Octo-
ber 1, 1821 ; spent his youth upon a farm ; attended
the Pennington Seminary for two years, and after-
ward taught school for a short time ; was subsequent-
ly a student in the Wesleyan University of Connecti-
cut, but left it on account of his health ; in 1847, he
turned his whole attention to farming ; was a mem-
ber of the State Constitutional Convention of 1852 ;
he subsequently took an interest in railroad opera-
tions, and was elected Director in a Maryland Com-
pany ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative
from Delaware to the Forty-first Congress, serving on
the Committees on Mines and Mining, 'and the Treas-
ury Department.
HigleVf IVilliani, — Bom at Shermansburg,
Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, in December, .
1814. He received a moderate school education, and,
instead of a college, graduated in a printing-office; by
his own personal eftorts, he established, and for several
years carried on, entirely unaided, the Clearfield Demo-
crat; disposing of his paper, he devoted himself for. a
time to mercantile pursuits and politics; in 1841 he was
elected to the State Convention, and was a member
of the State Senate, part of the time Speaker, up to
1847 ; in 1851 he was elected Governor of Pennsyl-
vania ; subsequently became President of the Phila-
delphia and Erie Railroad Company ; and in 1855 was ;
elected a Senator in Congress for six years, serving
on the Committees on Commerce, Post Offices and
Post Roads, and Engrossed Bills. Was a Delegate to
the Chicago Convention in 1864, to the Philadelphia'
"National Union Convention " of 1866, and the New
York Convention of 1868. In 1875 he was appointed:
and very active as a fiscal agent for the Centennial
Exhibition.
JBillinghurst, Charles, — He was born in
Brighton, Monroe County, New York, July 27, 1818 ;
adopted the profession of law, and after practicing a
few years, removed to Wisconsin in and 1847, was
a member of the first Legislature of that State, in
1848 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; was
elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress
from Wisconsin, and was re-elected to the Thirty-
fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Judiciary
34
BIOGRAPHICAI. ANNALS
Committee, and was also re-elected to tlie Thirty-sixth
Congress. Died at Juneau, Wisconsin, August 18,
18G5.
Jiincldey f fTohn 31, — He was a practicing law-
yer in the District of Columbia, from which, in 1867,
he was appointed Assistant Attorney-General of the
United States, holding the position only about a
year,
nines f ThOfYias, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New Jersey from 1814 to 1815, and
again from 1819 to 1820.
mnghaiUf John A. — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania in 1815 ; received an academical education ;
spent two years in a printing-office ; entered Franklin
College, in Ohio, but his health i^revented him from
graduating; he studied law in Ohio, and was admitted
to the bar in 1840 ; from 1845 to 1849 he was Attorney
for the State in Tuscarawas County, and in 1854 he
was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth
Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress.
During his first term, he was a member of the Com-
mittee on Elections, and made a report on the Illinois
contested cases, which was adopted by the House,
and he also served as a member of the Committee on
Expenditures in the State Department. He was also
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on
the Judiciary Committee ; re-elected to the Thirty-
seventh Congress ; and, in 1864, was appointed a
Judge-Advocate in the army. In August of the same
year he was appointed Solicitor of the Court of
Claims ; and in May, 1865, he was Assistant Judge-
Advocate in the trial of the conspirators who were
tried for murdering President Lincoln. Re-elected
to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tees on Military Affairs, the Freedmen, and Recon-
struction ; and he was one of the Representatives de-
signated by the House to attend the funeral of General
Scott in 1866. He was also a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and re-
elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on Reconstruction, as Chairman of the Com-
mittees on Claims and Judiciary, and as one of the Man-
agers in the Impeachment Trial of Andrew] Johnson.
Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-se^cond Con-
gresses, and after leaving Congress was \ appointed
Minister to Japan.
ninghajiif Kinsley S. — He was born at Ca-
millus, Onondaga County, New York, December 16,
1808 ; received a fair academic education ; taught
school for a time at Bennington, Vermont ; spent
three years in the office of a lawyer as clerk ; emi-
grated to Michigan in 1833, and settled upon a farm ;
he was elected to the Michigan Legislature in 1835,
and was five years a member of that body — three
years elected Speaker ; he was a Representative in
Congress from Michigan from 1847 to 1851, and
served on the Committee on Commerce ; and was
elected Governor of Michigan in 1854 and 1856. He
'has also held in other years the offices of Postmaster,
Supervisor, Prosecuting Attorney, Judge of Probate,
and Brigadier-General of Militia. In 1859 he was
elected a Senator in Congress from Michigan, for six
years. Died at Oak Grove, Livingston County, Mich-
igan, October 5, 1861.
ningham,^ Williain, — He graduated at the
College of Philadelphia in 1768, and was agent
for this country at Martinique during the Revolution.
In 1786 he was a Delegate to the Continental Congress
from Pennsylvania, and was elected a Senator in Con-
gress in 1795, serving until 1801, and as President pro
tern, of the Senate during the Fourth Congress. He
died at Bath, England, February 7, 1804, aged fifty-
two years.
JBinney, Horace. — He was born in Philadel-
phia, Pennsylvania, January 4, 1780 ; graduated at
Harvard University in 1797 ; and was educated as a
lawyer. He was a Director of the old United States
Bank, and one of the Trustees to whom its affairs were
intrusted when it was wound up. He was a member
of the Pennsylvania Legislature in 1806 and 1807,
and declined a re-election ; and a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1833 to 1835 ; and
was a member of the Committee on Ways and Means,
and again declined a re-election. In 1827 the degree
of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Harvard Uni-
versity. He published the * ' Reports of the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania," between 1799 and 1814 ; was
a lawyer of very great influence, and defended the
city of Philadelphia in a suit brought by Stephen
Girard ; and died in that city, August 12, 1875.
JBinney^ Jcunes, — In December, 1875, he was ap-
pointed, from the State of Michigan, Minister Resi-
dent to the Netherlands.
nirdf fjohn. — A native of Litchfield, Connecti-
cut ; afterwards settled in Troy, New York ; and was
early distinguished at the bar of that State and in the
Legislature. He was a Representative in Congress,
from 1799 to 1801, from New York.
JBlrdf John T, — He was born in Hunterdon
County, New Jersey, August 16, 1829 ; received a
common-school and classical education ; spent his
youth chiefly on his father's farm ; studied law, and
came to the bar in 1855 ; in 1863 he was appointed
Prosecuting Attorney for Hunterdon County for five
years ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative
from New Jersey to the Forty-first Congress, serving
on the Committees on the Militia, and Invalid Pen-
sions. Re-elected to the Forty^second Congress.
Sirdsall, Aushut^n, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1847 to 1849. He was subsequently
appointed Naval Storekeeper in New York city.
Sirdsall^ James. — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1815 to 1817, and a
member of the Assembly of that State in 1837.
Sir d sail f Samuel. — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839.
JBirdseye, Victory. — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1815 to 1817, and
again from 1841 to 1843 ; a Delegate to the State Con-
stitutional Convention of 1821 ; and a State Senator
in 1821 and 1829, as well as a member of the Assembly
for three years. Died September 16, 1853, aged seven-
ty-one years.
JSishopf James. — He was b^rn in New Bruns-
wick, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from J.855 to 1857 ; he was bred
a merchant, and has served in the Legislature of his
native State.
BisJiopf JPhan/iiel. — He was a Representative in
Congress from Massachusetts from 1799 to 1807.
From 1787 to 1791 he was a member of the State
Senate ; and in 1792, 1793, 1797, and 1798, a Repre-
sentative in the State Legislature.
Bishop, William, D.— He was born in Bloom-
field, New Jersey, September 14, 1827 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1849 ; studied law as a profession,
but soon engaged almost exclusively in railroad busi-
ness, having for several years been President of the
Naugatuck Railroad Company. He was elected a
Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from Con-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
35
necticut, and was Chairman of the Committee on Man-
ufactures. In May, 1859, he was appointed by Presi-
dent Buchanan Commissioner of Patents, but resigned
in January, 1860. In 1866 he was re-elected to the
State Legislature ; and since then has held various
positions of trust and honor in Connecticut.
JBissdlf Clarh, — Born in Lebanon, Connecticut,
in 1782 ; graduated at Yale College in 1806 ; studied
law and settled at Norwalk; from 1829 to 1839 he was
Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; in 1847 and
1848 he was Governor of the State ; and was Kent
Professor of Law in Yale College from 1847 to 1855.
Received the degree of LL.D. from Yale College in
1847. Died at Norwalk, Connecticut, September 15,
1857.
JBissellf William IT, — Born in Hartwick, Otsego
County, New York, April 25, 1811. He was self-ed-
ucated, attending school in the summer, and teaching
schodl in the winter ; he studied medicine, and grad-
uated in 1834 at the Medical College in Philadelphia;
he removed to Illinois, an<^ after practicing his pro-
fession until 1840, was elected to the State Legisla-
ture ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar of
Illinois ; after practicing with success, he was, in
1844, elected a Prosecuting Attorney ; he served with
distinction in the Mexican War, and especially at
Buena Vista, as Captain of the Second Regiment Il-
linois Volunteers ; he was a Representative in Con-
gress from Illinois from 1849 to 1855 ; and in 1856 he
was elected Governor of Illinois for four years, to
the duties of which office he devoted his undivided
attention. Died at Springfield, Illinois, March 18,
1860.
JBlftcTiy JEfftvard J, — Born in Beaufort, South
Carolina, in 1806. He never attended college, but
read law, and was admitted to the bar of Augusta,
Georgia, in 1827. He commenced his public life by
going into the State Legislature, where he served for
several years, and was elected a Representative in
Congress from Georgia in 1838, remaining there un-
til 1845. He died in Barnwell District, South Caro-
lina, whither he had gone for change of scene, in
1846.
JBlacJCf Henry, — He was born in Somerset Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, February 25, 1783, and was the
father of Judge J. S. Black ; in 1815 he was elected
to the State Legislature, and for three successive years
afterwards : and in 1820 he was appointed an Asso-
ciate Judge of his county, and held the office for
twenty years. In 1841, at a special election, he was
chosen to fill the seat in Congress made vacant by the
death of Charles Ogle, serving during the extra ses-
sion of that year ; and when on the point of his de-
parture for Washington, at the commencement of the
regular session, he died suddenly, November 28,
1841.
Slackf James, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1848 to 1847.
^lack, ffames A, — He was born in South Caro-
lina; served as a Captain in the War of 1812; and was a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1843
to the time of his d«ath. Died in Washington, April
5, 1848.
SlacTCf Jeremiali S, — Born in the Glades, Som-
erset County, Pennsylvania, January 10, 1810 ; was a
lawyer by profession, and admitted to the bar in 1830;
in 1842 was appointed Presiding Judge of the Judi-
cial District in which he lived ; was in 1851 elected to
the bench of the Supreme Court, and made Chief Jus-
tice ; was re-elected in 1854, and March 5, 1857, re-
ceived from President Buchanan the appointment of
Attorney-General of the United States ; and was Sec-
retary of State from December, 1860, to March, 1861.
BlacJCf John, — He was born in New York in
1792 ; was for forty years a resident of Mexico, where
he was a Consul of the United States, and also Minis-
ter Resident there during the Mexican War. Died in
Albany, November 19, 1878.
Ulachf John, — He was at one time a resident of
Louisiana, but removing to Mississippi, was elected a
Senator in Congress from 1832 to 1838, officiating as
Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims
during the first term. He died, in Winchester, Vir-
ginia, August 29, 1854.
Blachf Samuel W, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and appointed from that State an Associate
Justice of the United States Court for the Territory
of Nebraska ; and he was also appointed Governor
of that Territory in 1861, remaining in office until
1867.
Slachhiirn^ J, C, S, — Born in Woodford County,
Kentucky, October 1, 1838 ; graduated at Centre Col-
lege in 1857 ; studied law, and went to the bar in
Lexington in 1858 ; entered the Confederate Army as
a private, and was promoted to the rank of Lieuten-
ant-Colonel before the close of the war ; was elected
to the State Legislature in 1871 ; re-elected in 1878,
and in 1874 he was elected Representative from Ken-
tucky to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Blackburn f Wm, Jasper, — Born in Arkansas,
July 24, 1820 ; was left an orphan at an early age,
and was wholly self-educated ; was bred a printer,
and became the editor of a newspaper in Louisiana,
called the Homer Iliad ; was an occasional writer in
prose and verse for " Ladies' Books ; " was a member
of the State Constitutional Convention of 1868 ; and
elected a Representative from Louisiana to the For-
tieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revo-
lutionary Pensions. Though born in a slave State
he was always opposed to slavery, and during the
Rebellion his printing-office was frequently mobbed
by his political enemies.
JSlacJxfordf Isaac JST, — Born at Bound Brook,
New Jersey, November 6, 1786 ; graduated at the
New Jersey College in 1806 ; removed to Indiana in
1812 ; became Clerk of the Territorial Legislature in.
1813 ; was Judge of the First District Court in 1814
and 1815 ; Speaker of the first State Legislature in
1816 ; Judge of the Supreme Court of Indiana from
1819 to 1835 ; and Judge of the United States Court
of Claims from 1855 until his death in Washington
City, December 81, 1859.
Blackfordf William 31, — He was a citizen
of Virginia, and in 1842 was appointed Charge
d'Affaires to the Republic of Colombia, where he re-
mained two years.
JBlacMedgCf William, — Presumed to have been
the father of the following. He was for several years
a member of the General Assembly of North Carolina,
and served that State as Representative in Congress,
from 1808 to 1809, and from 1811 to 1818. Died at
Spring Hill, I^enoir County, North Carolina, October
19, 1828.
Blackledge^ IVilliam. 5.— He was born in Pitt
County, North Carolina ; was a member of the Gene-
ral Assembly of North Carolina ; and he was elected
to Congress from that State for the term from 1821
to 1828. Died in Newbern, North Carolina, March
21, 1857, aged sixty-four.
36
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Ulackrnar, Eshon, — He was a native of New
York, and a Representative in Congress from tliat
State, from 1848 to 1849, for the unexpired tei-m of
John M. Hollev. He also served two years in the
State Assembly from Wayne County
Slackwellf tJiiltiis W, — He was born in Vir-
ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from
Tennessee, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to
1845.
Blaclxwoodf William G, — He was born in
Pennsylvania ; settled in Missouri, from which State
he was appointed a Justice of the United States Court
for the Territory of New Mexico.
Blaine, James Gillespie, — He was born in
Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1830 ; gradu-
ated at Washington College in 1847 ; adopted the pro-
fession of editor, and, having removed to Maine,
edited the Kennebec Journal and Portland Advertiser
for several years. He served four years in the Maine
Legislature, two of them as Speaker of the House ;
and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from
Maine to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a
member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post
Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Military Affairs and the
Special Committee on the Death of President Lincoln,
and as Chairman of that on the War Debts of the Loyal
States. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Appropriations and Rules.
He was re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, and
made Speaker of the House, holding the same position
during the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses.
Also re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Blair f Austin, — Was bom in Caroline, Tomp-
kins County, New York, February 8, 1818 ; graduated
at Union College in 1839 ; studied law, and, removing
to Michigan, practiced the profession in that State.
After holding the local offices of County Clerk and
Prosecuting Attorney for his county, he was elected
to the Legislature, and afterwards to the Senate of
the State ; was Governor of Michigan from 1861 to
1865, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative
from that State to the Fortieth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Rules, and Militia.
Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con-
gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Land Claims.
Blair, Barnard, — He was a native of New
York, and a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1841 to 1843, serving as a member of the
Committee on Elections.
Blair, Francis Preston, — Born in Abingdon,
Virginia, April 12, 1701 ; removed to Kentucky with
his father about the year 1800 ; graduated at Tran-
sylvania University ; studied law, but from ill health
never practiced ; engaged early in politics, and sup-
ported his friend, Mr. Clay, for the Presidency in
1824, but became politically estranged from him
during the administration of J. Q. Adams. His views
against nullification in a Kentucky paper caused
General Jackson to invite him to edit a Democratic
journal in Washington. The Globe was commenced
by him in 1830, and continued until 1845. He then
retired to his estate at Silver Spring, Montgomery
County, Maryland and engaged in agricultural pur-
suits. He withdrew from the Democratic party in
1848, and after the repeal of the Missouri Compromise
took part in the Republican organization, and sup-
ported General Fremont for the Presidency in 1856.
Blair, Francis F,, fJr, — Born in Lexington,
Kentucky, February 19, 1821 ; graduated at Princeton
College ; adopted the profession of law ; was a mem-
ber of the Missouri Legislature in 1852 and 1854, and
elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-
fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private
Land Claims, Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Mili-
tary Affairs. He was also a Colonel of Volunteers in
1861, and, in 1862, he was appointed a Major-General
in the army, and was subsequently re-elected to the
Thirty-eighth Congress. During the first session of
that Congress he resigned his seat in the House to re-
sume his position in the army, but, by the action of
the House, subsequently the seat was assigned to his
contestant, Samuel Knox. In 1866 he was appointed
by President Johnson Collector of Customs for the
port of St. Louis, but rejected by the Senate. He
was also a Delegate to the Cleveland " Soldiers' Con-
I vention " of 1866 ; and in December of that year was
1 appointed a Commissioner for the Pacific Railroad.
i In 1868 he was nominated for Vice-President of the
j United States on the ticket with Horatio Seymour,
and was defeated. He was also a Senator in Congress
I for the unexpired term of C. D. Drake, from 1871 to
i 1873, serving on important Committees. In 1848 he
, published the "Life and Public Services of General
William A. Butler." Died in St. Louis, Missouri,
July 9, 1875.
Blair, Jacob B, — Was bom in Parkersburg,
Wood County, Virginia, April 11, 1821 ; studied and
adopted the profession of law ; was Prosecuting At-
torney for Ritchie County for several years ; and was
elected a Representative from Virginia to the Thirty-
seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Pub-
lic Buildings and Grounds. In 1863 he was elected a
Representative from West Virginia to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, ser^dng on the Committees on Public
Expenditures, and Public Buildings and Grounds.
Blair, James, — ^He was bom in Lancaster,
South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress
from South Carolina from 1821 to 1822, and from
1829 to 1834. He died at Washington, by his own
hand, April 1, 1834.
Blair f John, — Bom in Williamsburg, Virginia,
in 1732 ; graduated at William and Mary College ;
studied law at the Temple, London, and became an
eminent lawyer. Was a member of the Legislature
in 1765, and, on the dissolution of the House, in 1769,
he, with Washington and other patriots, drafted the
"Non-Importation Agreement," at Raleigh Tavern.
He was one of the Committee, in June, 1776, which
drew up the plan for the government of the State ;
was elected a Judge of the Court of Appeals, then
Chief Justice, and, in 1780, Judge of the High Court
of Chancery. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia
Convention to Re^-ise the Articles of Confederation,
He supported the "Virginia Plan," and, with Wash-
ington and Madison alone of all the Virginia Dele-
gates, voted for the adoption of the Federal Constitu-
tion, and also for its ratification in the State Conven-
tion. In September, 1789, he was appointed by
Washington a Judge of the United States Supreme
Court. He resigned this position in 1796. Died in
Williamsburg, August 31, 1800.
Blair, John, — He was bom in Washington
County, Tennessee, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Tennessee from 1823 to 1837, and was a
Member of the Committee on Military Affairs. Before
entering Congress he served in both branches of the
State Legislature, and died at Jonesborough, Tennes-
see, in July, 1863.
Blair, 3Ionfgomerjf, — He was bom in Frank-
lin County, Kentucky, May 10, 1813 ; was educated at
the West Point Academy ; served in the Florida War
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
37
under General Scott ; studied law, and settled in the
practice of the profession at St. Louis, in 1839 ; was
Mayor of that city in 1843 ; Judge of the Court of
Common Pleas from 1843 to 1849, when he resigned ;
in 1852 he removed to Maryland ; practiced his pro-
fession in the Supreme Court of the United States,
and was one of the Counsel in the Dred Scott case ;
was appointed Solicitor of the Court of Claims by
President Pierce ; in 1860 he acted as President of the
"Maryland Republican Convention," and as a Presi-
dential Elector at the subsequent election ; and by
President Lincoln he was appointed, in 1861, Post-
master-General, resigning the position in October,
1864. His brother, F. P. Blair, Jr., was a member of
Congress, and his father, Francis P. Blair, was, for
many years, a Public Printer in Washington, in con-
junction with John C. Rives.
UlaiVf Samuel S, — He was born in Pennsylva-
nia, and elected a Representative from that State to
the Thirty-sixth Congress? serving as a member of the
Committee on Private Land Claims. Re-elected to
the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was placed at the
head of that Committee, serving, also, on several other
Committees.
Ulaisdellf Daniel. — He was a State Councilor
from 1803 to 1808, and a Representative in Congress
from New Hampshire fron: 1808 to 1811. Died in
1832, aged seventy-three years.
Ulaisdellf H, G, — He was the first Governor of
Nevada after it became a State, and served as such
from 1864 to 1869.
Slake, Harrison G, — Bom in New Fane,
Windham County, Vermont, March 17, 1818 ; received
a common-school education, and removed to Ohio in
1830. Whilst engaged as a merchant's clerk he stud-
ied law, and, after devoting much of his life to mer-
cantile pursuits, he adopted the profession of law.
He has served four years in the Ohio Legislature, and
was President of the State Senate in 1848 and 1849 ;
and he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Accounts. Re-elected to the Thirty-
seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the
Post Office. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel-
phia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.
Blake, Henry W, — In July, 1875, he was ap-
pointed one of the Associate Justices of the United
States for the Territory of Montana.
Slake, John, Jr, — He was a native of New
York, and a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1805 to 1809, and was a member of the As-
sembly of that State in 1819.
Slake, John S, — Born in Colchester, Fairfax
County, Virginia, August 12, 1802 ; when a child of
six years, removed with his father to Washington
City ; received a good education at the Georgetown
College, and at Charlotte College in Maryland ; turned
his attention to medicine, and graduated as a phy-
sician at the University of Maryland ; was Commis-
sioner of Public Buildings during a part of the admin-
istration of President Pierce, and during the whole of
that of President' Buchanan ; and he was also, for
many years. President of the National Metropolitan
Bank. He was also, for a time, connected with the
Board of Public Works in Washington, and when the
change took place in the office of the Treasurer of the
United States, in 1875, he was one of the Commit-
tee appointed to count the money in the national
vaults.
Slake, Joseph, — Was Governor of South Caro-
lina in 1694, and from 1696 to his death in 1700. He
was a proprietary.
Slake, Thomas H, — He was born in Calvert
County, Maryland, June, 1792, and spent his boyhood
in Washington City. He served at the battle of
Bladensburg, in 1814 ; was an early emigrant to the
State of Kentucky, and afterwards to Indiana while a
Territory ; upon the formation of the State Govern-
ment he settled at Terre Haute ; there practiced law,
and served on the bench of the Circuit Court, and was
District Attorney ; and subsequently engaged in mer-
cantile pursuits. He was, for many years, a member
of the State Legislature, and a Representative in Con-
gress from Indiana from 1827 to 1829. Under Presi-
dent Tyler's administration he was Commissioner of
the General Land Office, and, upon his resignation,
was appointed President of the Wabash and Erie
Canal Company. He held this office at the time of
his death, having just returned from England, where,
as the financial agent of his State, he had made satis-
factory arrangements with its public creditors. He
died at Cincinnati, while on his return from Wash-
ington, November 28, 1849.
Slanchard, John, — Born in the County of
Caledonia, Vermont, September 30, 1787. He spent
his boyhood on a farm ; prepared himself for college
and graduated at Dartmouth in 1812 ; removed to
Pennsylvania, and taught school ; read law, and was
admitted to practice ; and was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1845 to 1849. He
died in Columbia, Lancaster County, March 8, 1849.
Slanchard, Jonathan, — He was a Delegate
from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress in
1783 and 1784.
Sland, Sallard, — He was born in Kentucky ;
educated for the legal profession ; and while residing
in Louisville was appointed United States Judge for
the District of Kentucky.
Sland, Sichard, — He was a native of Virginia ;
was for some years a leading member of the House of
Burgesses. In 1768 he was one of the Committee ap-
pointed to remonstrate with Parliament on the sub-
ject of taxation ; in 1773 was one of the Committee of
Correspondence ; and was a Delegate to the Continen-
tal Congress from 1774 to 1776. He died in 1790,
aged forty- eight years.
Sland, Sichard Parks, — Was born in Hart-
ford, Kentucky ; left an orphan at an early age ;
worked during the summer to enable him to attend
the common schools in the winter ; taught school, so
as to obtain an academic course ; studied law, and
practiced the profession ; never held a public office
until he was elected to the Forty-third Congress from
Missouri ; and he was elected to the Forty-fourth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary
Pensions. In December, 1875, he was appointed Chair-
man of the Committee on Mines and Mining.
Sland, Theodoric, — Was a native of Virginia,
having been born in 1742, and was the uncle of John
Randolph. He was bred a physician, but upon the
commencement of the American War he quitted the
practice for the army, and rose to the rank of Colonel,
and had the command of a regiment of dragoons. In
1779 he had command of the troops at Albemarle Bar-
racks, and continued in that station till elected to a
seat in Congress from Virginia, in 1780. He served
in that body three years. He was then chosen a mem-
ber of the Virginia Legislature. He was a Represent-
ative in the first Congress under the Constitution,
having voted for its adoption. He died at New York,
June 1, 1790, while attending a session of Congress.
38
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
He was the first member of Congress whose death
was announced in that body ; and although buried in
Trinity church-yard, the sermon in the church was
preached by a pastor of the Dutch Refonned denomi-
nation. He was present at the battle of Brandywine/
and enjoyed the confidence of George Washington.
He was a man of literary culture, and his correspond-
ence with eminent men was published in 1843 as
" The Bland Papers."
JBlandf Theodoric. — Born in 1777, was a law-
yer by profession ; was Judge of the County Court in
Baltimore, and Judge of the United States District
Court of Maryland, and was twenty-two years Chan-
cellor of the State. From 1836 to 1841 he published
in Baltimore, " Reports of Cases decided in the High
Court of Chancery, Maryland." Died at Annapolis,
November 16, 1846. His father, bearing the same
name, was in the Continental and Federal Con-
gresses.
IBlatchfordf Richard W, — He was the son of
Rev. Samuel Blatchford, and born in Stratford, Con-
necticut, in 1798 ; graduated at Union College in 1818,
of which institution he was for many years a trustee
and aided it with his money ; taught school on Long
Island and studied law at the same time ; and on com-
ing to the bar settled in New York city. In 1826 he
was made a financial agent for the Bank of England ;
in 1836 appointed to the same position by the Bank of
the United States, and assisted in winding up its af-
fairs ; in 1855 he was elected to the State Legislature;
in 1859 Commissioner of Central Park; subsequently,
of the Public Parks generally ; when the Rebellion
commenced he was entrusted with funds for the re-
cruiting service ; and in 1862 he was appointed Min-
ister to Italy. He was a warm personal friend of
Daniel Webster and one of the executors under his
will, and was the father of Samuel Blatchford, the
United States District Judge for New York. He died
ut Newport, September 4, 1875. \
Blatchford f Samuel. — He was born in the
city of New York, March 9, 1820 ; educated at the
Pittsfield Academy, Massachusetts, and at the Gram-
mar School of Columbia College, New York, from
which college he graduated in 1837 ; was Private
Secretary to W. H. Seward from 1839 to 1841, and
Military Secretary on Governor's Staff up to 1843 :
admitted to the bar in 1842 ; was made a Counselor
of the Supreme Court of the State in 1845 ; in the
latter part of the same year went to Auburn and
joined Mr. Seward and Christopher Morgan as a law
partner; in 1851 he was nominated for a Judgeship on
the Supreme Bench, but was not elected ; in 1854 he
returned to New York city, and in the following year
was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of"^ the
State for the First District, but declined ; and after
devoting himself to his profession, was appointed, in
1867, District Judge of the United States Court for
the Southern District of New York, and still holds the
office.
JBledaoe^ Jesse. — He was at one time a distin-
guished advocate and jurist of Kentucky, and a Sen-
ator in Congress from that State from 1813 to 1815 ;
he was also Professor of Law in the University of
Transylvania, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
of Kentucky. He died at Nacogdoches, Texas, June
30, 1837.
Jileecker, Hermanns. — He was born at Albany.
New York, in 1779, and died there July 19, 1849. He
was a member of Congress from New York from
1811 to 1813, and, by President Van Buren, was ap-
pointed, in 1839, Charge d' Affaires at the Hague. In
1822 he was a Regent of the University of New York,
and received the degree of LL.D.
miss, Archibald M. — Born in Brooklyn, Long
Island, January 25, 1837 ; received an academic edu-
cation ; was for many years engaged in mercantile
pursuits ; was for four years an Alderman, from 1864,
and President of the Board in 1867 ; defeated for
Mayor in the latter year ; was a Delegate to the Balti-
more Convention in 1864, Chicago Convention of 1868,
and to the Cincinnati Convention of 1872 ; in 1869
and 1870 he was Commissioner of Public Works for
Brooklyn ; was a Director in several banks, Vice-
President and a Director in the New York and Long
Island Bridge Company, President of the Bushwick
Railroad Company, and in 1874 he was elected a
Representative from New York to the Forty-fourth
Congress.
JBlisSf George. — Was bom in Jericho, Chittenden
County, Vennont, January 1, 1813 ; received an
academical education ; went to Ohio in his twentieth
year, and spent one year in Gran\'ille College ; studied
law, and came to the bar in 1841 ; in 1850 he was ap-
pointed President Judge of the Eighth Judicial
District of Ohio, serving one year, or until the State
Constitution was changed ; in 1852 was elected a
Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-third Con-
gress, and in 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the
Judiciary. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel-
phia "National Union Convention" of 1866.
Sliss, Philemon, — Born in Canton, Connecticut,
July 28, 1814 ; educated at Fairfield Academy,
Oneida Institute, and Hamilton College, New York ;
was a lawyer by profession ; removed to Ohio, and
was elected President Judge of the Fourteenth Cir-
cuit Court, and, in 1854, a Representative to the
Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-
fifth Congress. He was a member of the Committee
on Manufactures. He was subsequently appointed a
Territorial Judge in Dakota.
Blodgettf Heiinj W. — Born at Amherst, Massa-
chusetts, July 21, 1821 ; removed with his parents to
Illinois in 1831 ; worked on a farm until twenty-one
years of age, with the exception of one year's at-
tendance at Amherst Academy when about eighteen ;
studied law in Chicago and was admitted to the bar
in 1844 ; in the spring of 1845 located at Waukegan
in the practice of his j)rofession ; was elected to the
Legislature of Illinois, in 1852, and to the State Sen-
ate in 1858 ; and was appointed Judge of the United
States Court for the Northern District of Illinois in
1870, and is still in oflSce.
IBloodivorthf Timothy. — He was born in
North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress
from North Carolina in 1790 and 1791, and a Senator
of the United States from 1795 to 1801. He was one
of those who voted for locating the Seat of Govern-
ment on the Potomac. He died August 24, 1814.
Sloonif Isaac, — He was elected a Represent-
ative from New York to the Eighth Congress, but died
before taking his seat, in 1803.
Bloomfield^ Joseph, — Born in the town of
Woodbridge, Middlesex County, New Jersey ; studied
law until 1775, when he became an active friend of
the Revolution ; was afterwards Attorney-General
for New Jersey ; Governor of that State from 1801 to
1812 ; was appointed a Brigadier-General by President
Madison ; and was a Representative in Congress from
New Jersey from 1817 to 1821. As Chairman of the
Committee on Revolutionary Pensions he reported the
bill granting pensions to soldiers of the Revolutionary
Army. He resided in Burlington, New Jersey, many
vears before his death. Died in Burlington, October
3, 1823.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
39
Jiloifnff (Tames; U, — He was elected to the
Forty- third and Forty-fourth Congresses from Geor-
gia, serving on the Committee on Manufactures.
JSloitntf Thomas, — He was born in North Caro-
lina ; was a General of Militia in that State ; and a
Representative from the same in the Twelfth Con-
gress. Died in Washington, February 9, 1812.
Hlounff JVilliani. — He was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress in 1782, 1783, 1786, and
1787, from North Carolina ; and was Governor of
the territory south of the Ohio, having been ap-
pointed to that office in 1790. In 1796 he was chosen
President of the Convention of Tennessee. He was
elected the same year, by that State, to a seat in the
United States Senate, but was expelled in 1797, for
having, as it was alleged, instigated the Creeks and
Cherokees to assist the British in conquering the
Spanish territories near the United States. While
his impeachment was bein^ tried in the United States
Senate he was elected a member of the State Senate
and made President thereof. He died at Knoxville,
March 10, 1810, aged fifty-six years.
JSlounff Williain Q, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Tennessee from 1815 to 1819. Died
May 21, 1827.
Hlounff Willie, — He was Secretary to his
brother William while Territorial Governor of Ohio ;
and afterwards removed to Montgomery County,
Tennessee ; was a member of the Legislature of that
State, and Governor from 1809 to 1815 ; and a mem-
ber of the State Constitutional Convention in 1834.
Died near Clarksville, Tennessee, September 10,
1835, aged 68.
SloiVf Henry T.— Born in Southampton County,
Virginia, July 15, 1817; removed to Missouri in 1830,
and graduated at the St. Louis University ; devoted
himself to the drug and lead business ; served four
years in the State Senate ; in 1861 he was appointed
by President Lincoln Minister to Venezuela, which he
resigned in less than a year, and in 1862 he was elected
a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and
Means. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore
Convention of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Appropri-
ation, Bankrupt Law, and Reconstruction. In 1874
he was appointed one of the Commissioners for
the District of Columbia, which he resigned in
1875. Died at Saratoga, New York, September 11,
1875.
JBoardman, David ^.— Born in Connecticut
in 1768 ; graduated at Yale College in 1793 ; studied
law, and came to the bar in 1795; was for many years
a leading lawyer in the State ; for a few years* Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court of the State ; and died
December 2, 1864.
Boardmafif Elijah, — Born in New Milford,
Connecticut, March 7, 1760, and became a successful
merchant. He was frequently a member of the
Legislature, member of the Council, and a Senator in
Congress from Connecticut from 1821 to 1823. He
died in Boardman, Ohio,^ October 8, 1823.
Boardinafif William W. — He was born in
New Milford, Connecticut, October 10, 1794 ; gradu-
ated at Yale College in 1812; studied law at Litchfield
and Cambridge, and practiced with success ; was at
one time Judge of Probate ; for several years in the
State Legislature, and Speaker of the House ; and a
Representative in Congress from Connecticut from
1841 to 1843.
HocJieef Abr a Jia in, —Born in the town of
Northeast, Dutchess County, New York, in 1783; was
a member of the State Legislature in 1820 ; a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New York from 1829 to
1831, and again from 1833 to 1837 ; and a member of
the State Senate from 1842 to 1845. He also held the
position, in 1846, of first Judge of the Dutchess County
Court. Died at Poughkeepsie, June 1, 1865.
Boeoeh, Thomas S, — He was born in Bucking-
ham County, Virginia, in 1815 ; graduated at Hamp-
den Sidney College ; adopted the profession of lav/ ;
was Commonwealth Attorney for the County of Ap-
pomattox in 1845 and 1846 ; for several sessions a
member of the Virginia House of Delegates ; and has
been a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 1861,
serving for some years as Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Naval Affairs. Took part in the Rebellion of
1861 as a member of the "Confederate" Congress.
Was a Delegate to the New York Convention of
1868.
I
JBoden, Jndretv, — He was born in Carlisle,
Pennsvlvania, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1817 to 1821.
Hodle^ Charles, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1833 to 1835, and died
in New York city, in 1836.
Hoerunif Simon, — He was a Delegate from
New York to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to
1777.
Jioqgs, L, W, — He was Governor of Missouri
from 1836 to 1840.
Boffi/f Letvis V, — He was born in St. Gene-
vieve, Missouri, April 9, 1813 ; is descended from
the early French pioneers ; was educated in the com-
mon schools ; in early life was a clerk ; afterward
studied law in Illinois, and then at the Law School
in Lexington, Kentucky, where he graduated in 1835,
and commenced practice at St. Louis ; was elected sev-
eral times to the State Legislature ; was Commissioner
of Indian Affairs in 1867 and 1868 ; while practicing
law devoted much of his time and means to develop
the mineral resources of his native State ; was one
of the projectors and friends of the St. Louis and Iron
Mountain Railroad, of which he was for two years
President ; and was elected to the United States
Senate for the term commencing in 1873 and ending
in 1879, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs,
Land Claims, and Education and Labor.
Hokee, David A, — He was born in New York,
October 6, 1805 ; was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1849 to 1851, serving on the
Committee on Indian Affairs; and his last public posi-
tion was that of Naval Officer of the port of New
York, under President Fillmore. He died in Wash-
ington, March 16, 1860 ; he was on a visit to that city,
and was found dead in his room.
Dokerf George Heni^y, — Born in Philadelphia
in 1823 : graduated at Princeton College in 1842 ;
studied law, but never practiced. After a tour in
Europe he returned to Philadelphia, and published
" The Lesson of Life and other Poems," in 1847 ;
" Calaynos," a tragedy, in 1848, successfully per-
formed in London; "Anne Boleyn," " Leonor de
Guzman," "Francesca de Rimini," "The Betroth-
al," "The Widow's Marriage," a comedy, and
some minor poems and plays. He was appointed
Minister to Turkey in 1871, and in 1875 he was trans-
ferred to the more important mission of Russia.
Boles f Thomas, — He was born near Clarksville,
40
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Johnson County, Arkansas, Julj 16, 1837 ; labored on
a farm until his twentieth year, teaching a common
school for a part of three years ; in 1859 and 1860, he
was Deputy Sheriff and Deputy Clerk of the Yell
County Court; studied law, and came to the bar in the
latter year ; in 1863 and 1864 he served as a Captain
in the Union Army, experiencing many trials from
ill-health and military arrests; in 1865, he was chosen
Judge of the Fourth Judicial District of Arkansas,
which he resigned early in 1868, when he was elected
a Representative from Arkansas to the Fortieth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on the State Depart-
ment. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving
on the Committees on the District of Columbia and
the Militia.
Hond, Hugh L, — He was born in Baltimore,
Maryland, received a liberal education, adopted the
profession of law, and practiced in Baltimore ; as a
politician, he took an active part in the Know-Nothing
party ; and in 1870 was appointed Judge of the Fourth
Circuit of the United States Court His father was
a prominent Methodist and physician in Baltimore,
and he himself, in the year 1860, attended a Methodist
Convention at Staunton, Virginia, and advocated the
cause of the Southern States in the impending troub-
les.
JBondf ^Uadracl^, — He was born in Maryland ;
was a member of the first Legislative Council of Ohio
in 1799; was elected a Delegate to Congress from the
Territory of Illinois from 1811 to 1815 ; and was
the first Governor under the State Constitution, In
1814 was appointed Receiver of Public Moneys in
Kaskaskia, Illinois. He died at Kaskaskia, April 13,
1832.
Hond^ William Key, — He was born in St,
Mary's County, Maryland ; emigrated to Ohio in
1812 ; studied law and settled in the practice of the
profession at Chillicothe, and subsequently at Cin-
cinnati ; was at one time a Colonel of Militia ; and a
Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1835 to
1841. Died at Cincinnati, February 17, 1864,
JBonJiaiUf Milledge L. — He was born in South
Carolina ; graduated at the College of that State in
1834 ; is a lawyer by profession ; and was elected a
Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from his
native State, serving as a member of the Committee
on Military Affairs, He was re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, but withdrew in December, 1860. He
was a Major-General of Militia, and served in Mexi-
co at the head of a battalion of South Carolina troops.
Served as a Major-General in the Rebel Army in 1861,
and was Governor of South Carolina from 1862 to
1864. Was a Delegate to the New York Convention
of 1868.
JBoody^ AzariaJi, — Born in New York, and was
elected a Representative from that State to the
Thirty-third Congress, but resigned in October, 1853,
JBooher^ Qeorge W. — Born in Patrick County,
Virginia, December 5, 1821 ; received a common-
school education, studied law, and taught school ;
was Justice of the Peace, and then Presiding Justice
of Henry County Court, for ten years ; supported the
Government during the Rebellion ; was elected to the
House of Delegates of Virginia in 1865 ; was nomi-
nated in 1868 as State Attorney-General, but resigned
the nomination ; and was elected to the Forty-first
Congress, in 1869, as a Conservative ; was re-elected
to the Forty-second Congress.
Soon, Matliff, — He was born in Franklin
County, North Carolina, in 1781, and was a Represent-
ative in Congress from Indiana from 1825 to 1827,
and again from 1829 to 1839, officiating as Chairman
of the Committee on Public Lands during the
Twenty-fourth Congress. He died in Louisiana, No-
vember 20, 1844.
Hoone, A., M, — Bom in Davidson County, Ten-
nessee, April 4, 1831 ; received a good home educa-
tion ; studied law, but chiefly by himself, and came to
the bar in 1851 ; in 1854 he was elected a County Judge
for four years ; re-elected, but resigned ; in 1861 he
was elected to the Legislature, but resigned and re-
turned home, where he remained until the close of
the war ; in 1868 he was elected Judge of the First
District of Kentucky, holding the position for six
years ; in 1874 he was elected a Representative from
Tennessee to the Forty-fourth Congress.
JBoone, William F, — He was born in Mary-
land ; resided in Pennsylvania ; and was appointed an
Associate Justice of the United States Court for the
Territory of New Mexico.
Soothi tTames. — He was for many years Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court of Delaware, and died
at New Castle, in that State, March 29, 1855.
Hooth, Neivton, — Born in Salem, Indiana,
December 25, 1825 ; graduated at the As bury Univer-
sity in 1846 ; studied law in Terre Haute, and went to
the bar in 1850 ; in that year removed to California
and engaged in the wholesale grocery business in
Sacramento. During the period between 1857 and
1860, he was absent from California and practiced the
profession of law in Terre Haute, Indiana. On re-
turning to California he was elected to the State Sen-
ate in 1863 ; elected Governor of the State in 1871,
and served until March, 1874, when he resigned, hav-
ing been elected a Senator in Congress from Cali-
fornia for the term beginning in 1875 and ending in
1881.
JBoofhf Walter. — Born in Woodbridge, New
Haven County, Connecticut, December 8, 1791, and
after receiving a good school education in New Haven
he settled in the town of Meriden, where he still
resides. He was for several years a merchant and
manufacturer, and for eighteen years President of the
Meriden Bank ; he has been a member of the Gen-
eral Assembly and State Senate ; and in 1834 was
Associate Judge of the County Court. He was Ma-
jor-General of Militia, and elected a member of the
Thirty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on
Public Expenditures. He has since been engaged in
agricultural pursuits.
SordeUf James W» — He was a citizen of
Indiana ; and in 1858 he was appointed a Commis-
sioner, with power to negotiate a treaty with the
Government of Hawaii.
Borden f Joseph . — He was a Delegate from New
Jersey to the Colonial Congress held in New York in
1765.
Sorden, Nathaniel S, — ^He was born in Fall
River, Massachusetts, April 15, 1801, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from the Fall River District,
in that State, from 1835 to 1839, and again from 1841
to 1843, and was a member of the Committees on
Elections and Territories. He was also a member of
the State Legislature in 1831, 1834, and 1851, and a
State Senator from 1845 to 1848. Died at Fall River,
April 10, 1865.
Boremany Jacob JE, — Born in Middletown,
Tyler County, West Virginia, August 4, 1831 ; grad-.
uated at Washington College, Pennsylvania, in 1853 ;
studied law at the University of Virginia ; came to
The following was omitted from its proper place by mistake.
SorertiaUf Arthur lughrani, — He was born
in Waynesbnrg, Pennsylvania, July 24, 1823 ; when a
child removed with his father to Western Virginia ;
received a common school education ; studied law,
and, coming to the bar in 1845, commenced the prac-
tice at Parkersburg ; in 1855 he was elected to the
House of Delegates of Virginia, and was re-elected
until 1860 ; was also a member of the extra session
of the Legislature in 1861, taking an active part
against the secession movement ; he was president
of the Wheeling Convention of 1861, to re-organize
the government of Virginia ; in October of that year,
he was elected a Judge of the Circuit Court, and
held the office until 1863, when he was elected
Governor of West Virginia, and twice re-elected, and
was still in that office when he was elected a Senator
in Congress from West Virginia, for the term com-
mencing in 1869, and ending in 1875, serving on the
Committees on Manufactures and Territories.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
41
the bar in 1855 and practiced at Parkersburg ; in 1858
hie removed to Kansas City, Missouri ; was elected
City Attorney in 1861 ; assisted in raising troops for
the war ; in 1862 appointed a Judge of Common
Pleas and elected to the same by the people ; ran for
the Legislature in 1868 and defeated ; ran again in
1869 and was elected ; subsequently purchased an in-
terest in the Kansas City Bulletin and became its
editor ; and in 1873 he was appointed an Associate
Justice of the United States Court for the Territory
of Utah, in which position he still continues. He is
a brother of Arthur I. Boreman, formerly a Senator in
Congress.
JSorie, Adolph E, — He was born in Philadel-
phia, in 1809 ; graduated at the University of
Pennsylvania, in 1825, and completed his education
in France. On his return to this country, he em-
barked in mercantile pursuits, and was for many
years a member of the firm of McKean, Borie &
Co., engaged in the East India trade. Though
not an active politician, he was one of the originators
and moneyed supporters of the Union League in
Philadelphia, and was elected Vice-President of that
body ; and on March 5, 1869, he was appointed
by President Grant to a seat in the Cabinet as
Secretary of the Navy ; resigned June 22, 1869.
Borland, Charles, Jr. — He was born in Orange
County, New York, and was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1820 ; a Representative in Congress
from thar State from 1821 to 1823 ; and was again
elected to the Assembly in 1836.
^Borland, Solon, — He was born in Virginia ;
was educated in North Carolina ; served in the war
with Mexico as a volunteer ; was a Presidential Elec-
tor in 1844 ; was a Senator in Congress from Arkan-
sas from 1848 to 1853, and was appointed by Presi-
dent Pierce Minister to Central America. He also
received from President Pierce the appointment of
Governor of the Territory of New Mexico, but
declined. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a
Brigadier-General, and before the State had seceded
raised troops and captured Fort Smith. Died in
Texas, January 81, 1864.
JBorsfy Peter I. — He was a Representative in
Congress from Schoharie County, New York from
1829 to 1831, and was a member of the Committee
on Expenditures in the Post Office Department.
Died at Middleburg, New York, November 14,
1848.
Boss, fJoJifi L.f *Jr, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Rhode Island from 1815 to 1819.
Bossier, Beter E. — He was descended from an
old French family of Louisiana, and, after serving ten
years in the State Senate, he was elected a member
of the Twenty-eighth Congress from that State, and
died in Washington before the expiration of his term,
April 24, 1844.
Boteler, Alexander B. — Born in Shepherds-
town, Jefferson County, Virginia, May 16, 1815.
After going through an academic course of studies
in his native town, he entered Princeton College, and
graduated in 1835, ' and since that time has been
chiefly devoted to rural and literary pursuits. In
1852 and 1856 he was on the Electoral tickets. Whig
and American ; and in 1859 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from Virginia to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs.
During a part of the Rebellion, he served as a Repre-
sentative in the so-called "Confederate" Congress.
In 1875 he was appointed a Commissioner to the Cen-
tennial Exhibition.
Bolts, John M, — Born in Dumfries, Prince Wil-
liam County, Virginia, September 16, 1802, but re-
moved with his father to Fredericksburg, and subse-
quently to Richmond. In 1811 he lost his parents, at
the conflagration of the Richmond Theatre, and was
sent to a boarding-school. At eighteen he was admit-
ted to the bar, practiced for six years, and then re-
tired to a farm in Henrico County. He served in the
Legislature from 1833 to 1839, when he was elected a
Representative in Congress from Virginia, and occu-
pied that position until 1843 ; was re-elected to the
Thirtieth Congress, and was Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Military Affairs. He afterwards resumed the
practice of his profession in Richmond, where he then
resided, having, since 1851, declined all nominations
for public office in his State. During the Rebellion
he remained faithful to the Government of the United
States. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
"Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. He was one of
those who gave bail for Jefferson Davis in 1867. Died.
Bouckf tfoseph. — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1831 to 1833, serving on the Committee on
Imprisonment for Debt.
Bouck, William C — Born in Schoharie Coun-
ty, New York, in 1786. He was early elected to town
offices ; was appointed Sheriff of the county in 1812 ;
member of the State Assembly in 1813, 1815, and
1817 ; State Senator in 1820 ; Canal Commissioner
from 1821 to 1840 ; and Governor of the State from
1843 to 1845. In 1846 was a member of the Constitu-
tional convention ; and from 1846 to 1849 was Assist-
ant Treasurer in New York city. The last ten years
of his life were devoted to agriculture. He died at
Schoharie, April 19, 1859.
Boicde, Thomas, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1801 to 1803.
Botidinot, Elias, — Was born in Philadelphia,
May 2, 1740. He studied the law and became emi-
nent in that profession. At an early period of the
Revolutionary War he was appointed by Congress
Commissary General of Prisoners. In the year 1777
he was chosen a member of Congress, and in
1782 was made President of that body. After the
adoption of the Constitution he entered the House of
Representatives from Pennsylvania, where he contin-
ued from 1789 to 1795. He then succeeded Ritten-
house as Director of the Mint of the United States,
an office which he resigned in the course of a few
years, and lived from that time at Burlington, New
Jersey. He devoted himself earnestly to biblical lit-
erature, and being possessed of an ample fortune,
made munificent donations to various charitable and
theological institutions. The American Bible Society,
of which he became President, was particularly an
object of his bounty. He died at Burlington, New
Jersey, October 24, 1821. He published several
books, and was devoted to Natural History.
Bouldin, James W, — He was born in Virgin-
ia, and was a Representative in Congress from Vir-
ginia from 1833 to 1839, having been elected to the
Twenty-third Congress in place of his brother, T. T.
Bouldin, deceased.
Boiddin, Thomas T,—Re was born in Virgin-
ia ; spent his youth in farming ; adopted the profes-
sion of law, and reached a high judicial position; was
a member of Congress from Virginia from 1829 to
1833, and died in the Capitol, at Washington, Febru-
ary 11, 1834. He had been re-elected to the Twenty-
third Congress, but died soon after entering upon his
third terra. On the day preceding his death he was
censured by a colleague for omitting to call the at-
42
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS
tention of the House to tlie death, of his predecessor
John Randolph ; and he had risen to reply, when he
was seized with paralysis, sank down into a chair,
and died immediately. Before entering Congress he
had been a lawyer of high rank, and an able and
upright Judge, and highly respected for his talents
and integrity.
IBouligney , Dominique, — He was born in
Louisiana ; was a lawyer by profession ; was a Sen-
ator in Congress from that State from 1824 to 1829,
and died in 1833.
Donligney , tTohn Edmunel, — He was born in
New Orleans, February 5, 1824, and was of Creole
descent ; received a good education ; held several of-
fices of trust in his native city, and was elected a
Representative from Louisiana to the Thirty-sixth
Congress. Of the representatives of twelve millions
of people, he was the only one who refused to aban-
don his State to the leaders of the secession move-
ment, and he continued in Congress until the close of
his term. He died in Washington, of consumption,
February 20, 1864. Dominique Bouligney, formerly
a Senator from Louisiana, was his uncle.
Houlware, JVilliam, — He was a citizen of
Virginia, and in 1841 was appointed Charge d' Affaires
to the Two Sicilies, where he remained until 1845.
JBoitrtie, Benjamin, — He was a native of Bris-
tol, Rhode Island, and was born about the year 1755,
and ed ucated at Harvard College, where he graduated
in 1775. He was conspicuous for talents and learning,
and spent a large part of his life in public and honor-
able employments. He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Rhode Island from 1790 to 1796, when he
resigned, and was appointed Judge of the United
States District Court of Rhode Island. He died Sep-
tember 17, 1808.
JBoiirne^ Shear jasiib, — He was a graduate of
Harvard College in 1764 ; was Chief Justice of the
Court of Common Pleas for Suffolk County, Massa-
chusetts ; and a Representative in Congress from 1791
to 1795. He died in 1806.
JBoiifwellf George S, — He was born in Brook-
line, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, January 28,
1818. When a boy he had some experience in farm-
ing ; was in the mercantile business, as apprentice,
clerk, and proprietor, for twenty years ; studied law,
and came to the bar somewhat late in life ; served
seven years in the Massachusetts Legislature, be-
tween the years 1842 and 1850 ; was a member of the
Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1853, and
also of the Peace Congress of 1861 ; was a Bank Com-
missioner in 1849 and 1850 ; was Grovernor of Massa-
chusetts in 1851 and 1852 ; Secretary of the Massa-
chusetts Board of Education for five years ; member
for six years of the Board of Overseers of Harvard
College ; and was the first Commissioner of Internal
Revenue from July, 1862, to March, 1863. In 1862 he
was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Judiciary
Committee. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, Recon-
struction, on a Bureau of Education and Free Schools
in the District of Columbia ; was a Delegate to the
Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866, and
re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his
old Committees. A volume of his " Speeches and
Papers " was published in 1867 ; and in 1868 he was
one of the Managers in the Impeachment Trial of
Andrew Johnson. In March, 1869, he became Secre-
tary of the Treasury, where he remained until March,
1873, when he entered the United States Senate for
the term ending in 1877.
JBovee^ Matthias J'. — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1835 to 1837, serving on the Commit-
tee on Expenditures in the War Department.
Bowden, Lemuel J, — Was born in the North
Neck of Virginia, in 1812 ; graduated at William
and Mary College ; was a lawyer by profession ;
served three sessions in the Virginia Legislature ;
was a member of the Convention for amending the
State Constitution, in 1849 ; also of the Convention for
the same purpose in 1851 ; was Presidential Elector
in 1861 ; and suffered much in his estate, from the
rebel armies, during the early part of the Rebellion.
While our troops were at Williamsburg, he did much
for the comfort of our officers and men ; and in 1868
he was elected a Senator in Congress from Virginia,
but died in Washington City, January 2, 1864. In the
Senate, he served on the Committees on Pensions and
Post Offices and Post Roads.
JBoivdoin, James, — Was born in Boston, Mas-
sachusetts, August 8, 1727 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1745 ; in 1753, he was a member of the
General Court ; in 1756 was State Senator and Coun-
cilor. In 1769, he was removed by the Governor
from the position of Councilor, for his opposition to
the royal government, and was at once elected Repre-
sentative. He was chosen Delegate to the Continental
Congress, in 1774, but was prevented by illness from
attending. In 1778 was President of the Convention
for forming a Constitution, and in 1785 and 1786 was
Governor of Massachusetts ; in 1788 was a member of
the Convention which adopted the Federal Constitu-
tion. While Governor, he suppressed the * ' Shays'
Rebellion." Was one of the founders of and first
President of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, from
1780 till his death, and bequeathed to it his valuable
library. Aided in founding the Massachusetts Hu-
mane Society, and was a benefactor of Harvard Col-
lege. He contributed to the "Pietas et Gratulatis,"
on the accession of George III. ; and was the author
of a volume of poems, published in Boston in 1759 ;
in 1785 was made LL.D. by the University of Edin-
burgh, and died in Boston, November 6, 1790.
JBotvdon, Franklin W, — Born in Alabama,
and was a Representative in Congress from 1846 to
1851 from his native State. In 1852 he removed to
Texas, and engaged in the practice of the law. He
died at Henderson, Texas, June 6, 1857.
BoiveUf Christopher Columbus, — Born in
Rhode Island, January 3, 1832 ; removed to Georgia
in 1850, and adopted the profession of law ; settled in
Charleston, South Carolina, in 1862 ; was a Delegate
to the State Constitutional Convention of 1867 ; and
was elected a Representative from South Carolina to
the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Freedmen's Affairs. Re-elected to the Forty-first
Congress, serving on the Committees on Freedmen's
Affairs and Invalid Pensions. He was subsequently
elected Sheriff of the City of Charleston, South Caro-
lina.
Howetif John H, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Tennessee from 1813 to 1815.
JBowen, Hees T, — He was born in Tazewell
County, Virginia, January 10, 1809 ; received an
academic education ; was farmer and grazier ; a Rep-
resentative in the Legislature of Virginia in 1863 and
1864 ; a magistrate for several years prior to the war ;
and the Presiding Justice of the County Court a por-
tion of the time ; and was elected to the Forty-third
Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures.
JBower, Gustavus JB, — He was born in Virginia,
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
43
and was a Representative in Congress from Missouri
from 1843 to 1845.
JBoiverSf John M. — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1813 to 1814.
SowlCf Oden. — He was born in Prince George
County, Maryland, November 10, 1826 ; educated at
St. Mary's College, Baltimore ; liis occupation was
that of a farmer ; was a Captain in the Mexican War ;
frequently served in the Assembly and Senate of the
State ; was Governor of Maryland from 1867 to 1871 ;
President of the Baltimore and Potomac Railway
ComiDany from the time of its construction to the
present time ; and he is also President of the Balti-
more City Passenger Railway Company.
Howie^ Michard I. — He was born in George-
town, District of Columbia, June 23, 1807. He re-
ceived a classical education, and was admitted to the
bar in his nineteenth year, and, subsequently, to
practice in the Supreme Court of the United States.
In 1836 and 1837 he was elected to the Legislature of
Maryland ; in 1840 he was a Delegate to the Harris-
burg Convention, called to nominate a President ;
and he was a Representative in Congress from 1849 to
1853. It is claimed by his friends that he made the
first speech in the House of Representatives on the
Compromise measures of 1850.
JBoivief JRoberf, — Was Governor of Maryland
from 1803 to 1805, and from 1811 to 1812 ; was Cap-
tain in the Second Battalion of the Maryland Flying
Artillery in 1776. He was a native of Maryland, a man
of education, and, to a limited extent, participated in
political affairs. Died in Maryland.
Hoivief Thomas F, — Born at Queen Anne, Prince
George County, Maryland, April 7, 1808 ; graduated
in 1837 at Union College, New York ; adopted the
l^rofession of law ; served as Deputy Attorney-Gen-
eral for Prince George County sixteen years ; served
three terms in the Legislature of Maryla,nd, and was
elected a Representative from Maryland in the Thir-
ty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses. He was a
member of the Committee on the District of Colum-
bia. Died at Marlborough, Maryland, October 30,
1869.
Hoivief Walter, — He was born in Maryland ;
was a member of the Maryland Convention of 1776 ;
and a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1802 to 1805.
JBowleVf Met calf. — He was a Delegate from
Rhode Island to the Colonial Congress of 1765, held
in New York.
JBowliUf tTa/ines JB. — Born in Spottsylvania
County, Virginia, in 1804. He was reared a mechan-
ic, but obtained a common-school education ; and,
after studying law, was admitted to the bar, in Green-
brier County, in 1827. In 1833 he removed to St.
Louis, Missouri ; in 1834 was appointed Chief Clerk
of the State House of Representatives, and in 1835
was elected a member of the Legislature. In 1837
he was made District Attorney for St. Louis ; soon
after Attorney for the Bank of St. Louis ; in 1839 he
was elected Judge of the Criminal Court ; and was a
Representative in Congress from Missouri from 1843
to 1851. In 1854 he was appointed Minister Resident
to New Granada ; and in 1858 he was appointed, by
President Buchanan, Commissioner to Paraguay.
Boivmafif George W. — He was elected in 1860
Government Printer for the United States Senate.
Soivne, Ohadiah, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1851 to 1853.
JjoivnCf Samuel S, — He was a member of the
New York Assembly in 1834, and a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1841 to 1843. In 1857
he was Judge of Otsego County, and held various
other positions of trust and honor, among them that
of Deputy Collector of New York city. Died in Ot-
sego County, July 15, 1865, aged seventy years.
Hoifce^ Henry. — He was a Justice of the Su-
preme Court of Louisiana for many years, and died at
Colibe, in that State, March 1, 1874, in the seventy-
fifth year of his age.
JyOj/ce^ fVilliam W. — Born in Charleston, South
Carolina, October 24, 1819, and was educated at the
South Carolina College and Virginia University. He
adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the
Legislature of South Carolina in 1842, and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from 1853 to December, 1860,
when he resigned. He took part in the Rebellion as
a member of the " Confederate" Congress. His tastes
are of a literary character, and he is said to be a hard
student. When re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, he served as a member of the Committee on
Elections, and at the time of his leaving Congress he
was a member of the Committee of Thirty-three on
the Rebellious States. He subsequently settled in
Washington City, in the practice of his profession.
Hoifdf A dam. — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New Jersey from 1803 to 1805, and again
from 1808 to 1813. He was an active supporter of
the Revolution, and a man of strong natural ability.
He died in Hackensack, New Jersey, at an advanced
age.
Hoyd, Alexander. — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1813 to 1815.
JBoydf John JJ. — He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1851 to 1853. He was a member, in 1840, of the
State Assembly from Washington County. Died at
Whitehall, New York, July 2, 1868.
Hoyd^ Linn. — Was born in Nashville, Tennes-
see, November 22, 1800. His early advantages were
limited, but on arriving at man's estate he removed
to Kentucky, entered into politics, and in 1827 was
elected to the Legislature of that State, from Callo-
way County, serving three sessions, and in 1831 was
re-elected for another session from Trigg County. He
was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from
1835 to 1837, from 1839 to 1847, and again from 1847
to. 1855. He was Chairman of the Committee on Ter-
ritories during the Thirty-first Congress, and during
the Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses occu-
pied the chair of Speaker of the House of Represent-
atives. He also served one term as Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor of Kentucky. During his career in Congress
he labored faithfully and constantly for his constitu-
ents, and retired to* private life with a high reputa-
tion. Died in Paducah, Kentucky, December 16,
1859.
JBoydf Sempronius IT, — He was bom in Wil-
liamson County, Tennessee, May 28, 1828 ; received
a good English education ; adopted the profession of
law ; in 1861 raised a regiment for the war and be-
came its commander, the same having acquired repu-
tation as the " Lyon Legion ;" and in 1862 he was
elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian
Affairs, and as Chairman of the Committee on Un-
finished Business. Subsequently resumed the prac-
44
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
tice of Ms profession. Re-elected to the Forty-first
Congress, and made Chairman of the Committee
on Revolutionary Claims.
Hoj/deUf Nathaniel, — Born in Franklin Town-
ship, Massachusetts, August 16, 1796 ; he graduated
at Union College, New York, in 1830; in 1821 re-
moved to North Carolina ; there he taught school,
studied law, and was elected a number of times to
the State Legislature. He was in Congress as a Rep-
resentative from North Carolina from 1847 to 1849,
and was a member of the Committee on Expenditures
in the Navy Department ; he declined a re-election
for the purpose of devoting his whole attention to the
practice of his profession. In 1868 he was re-elected
to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees
on Ventilation and Laws.
Soi/eVf Benjamin M, — He was born in Mont-
gomery County, Pennsylvania, January 22, 1823 ;
graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1841 ;
studied law and adopted that profession ; was Dis-
trict Attorney for his native county from 1848 to 1850 ;
and was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania
to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tees on Revolutionary Pensions, the Militia, the War
Debts of Loyal States, and the New Orleans Riots.
Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Military Affairs. Was a Delegate to
the New York Convention of 1868.
Soi/le^ John, — He was born in Kentucky, liber-
ally educated, and a lawyer by profession. He was a
Judge of the Supreme Court of Kentucky, also Chief
Justice of the State ; and a Representative in Con-
gress from Kentucky from 1803 to 1809, when he was
appointed Governor of Illinois Territory. He was a
distinguished and successful lawyer and able Judge,
and died in Kentucky, January 28, 1834. During the
eight years immediately preceding his death, he was
Judge of the United States District Court for Ken-
tucky, having been appointed by President Adams.
JSoyle, John W, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and removed to Dakota, where he was appointed an
Assistant Justice of the United States Court for that
Territory, residing at Yankton.
Urabsonf Reese jB. — Born in Tennessee, and
elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee
on Invalid Pensions. Died in Tennessee, in Septem-
ber, 1868.
Srace^ Jonathan, — ^He was born in Harrington,
Connecticut, November 12, 1754, and died at Hart-
ford, Connecticut, August 26, 1837. He was a gradu-
ate of Yale College in 1779; and was elected a Judge
of Probate, Chief Judge of the Hartford County
Court, and a Representative in Congress from 1798
to 1800. He was also frequently in the State Legis-
lature, at one time State Attorney for Hartford
County, and for nine years Mayor of Hartford.
JBrackenridge, Henry 31, — Born in Pitts-
burg, Pennsylvania, May 11, 1786 ; was admitted to
the bar at the age of twenty, and began to practice
in Somerset, Maryland. He descended the Missis-
sippi River in 1811, and received the appointment of
Deputy Attorney-General for the Territory of Orleans;
was made District Judge at the age of twenty-three ;
and during the War of 1812 he furnished important
information to the Government, and afterwards wrote
a History of the War, which was translated into French
and Italian. He advocated the independence of the
South American Republics ; wrote a pamphlet ad-
dressed to President Monroe, which was re-published
in England and France, and was replied to by the
Spanish Minister, as it was supposed to express the
views of the American Government. Jle was a Com-
missioner to the South American Republics from 1817
to 1819, and published " Voyage to South America"
on his return. In 1821 he went to Florida with Gen-
eral Jackson, and was made Alcalde of Pensacola ;
was then appointed Judge of the Western District,
which office he held ten years. He removed to Pitts-
burg in 1833, and in 1841 was a Commissioner under
the treaty with Mexico. In 1834 he published
" Recollections of Persons and Places in the West ; "
in 1847 a series of letters in favor of the Mexican
War ; and in 1859 a " History of the Western Insur-
rection ;" he is also the author of a "Journal of a
Voyage up the Missouri River." Died in Pittsburg,
January 18, 1871.
Bradbury , Qeorge, — Was born in Portland,
then called Falmouth, Massachusetts, in 1770. He
graduated at Harvard College in 1789, and immedi-
ately commenced the study of law. He established
himself in the practice at Portland, now Maine.
From 1806 to 1810 he was a member of the State
Legislature, and also in 1811 and 1812. In 1812 he
was chosen to represent the Cumberland District,
Massachusetts, in Congress, as successor to William
Widgery, whose vote on and support of war meas-
ures rendered him unpopular with his constituents.
Mr. Bradbury received the approbation of a second
election in 1814. After this service he returned to
his profession, which he pursued to the time of his
death, which took place in Portland, November 7,
1823, having been Associate Clerk of a Court in Port-
land from 1817 to 1820, and a State Senator in 1822.
Bradbury , James W, — He was born in Maine,
in 1805 ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1825 ;
adopted the profession of law ; was a County Attor-
ney from 1834 to 1838 ; a Presidential Elector in 1844;
and was a Senator in Congress from Maine from 1847
to 1853, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Printing.
Bradbury , Theophilus, — Was born in that
portion of Newbury now Newburyport, in 1739. Hav-
ing graduated at Harvard University at the age of
eighteen, he then studied law, and practiced in Fal-
mouth, Maine, until 1779, when he returned to his
native town. After filling several local offices, he
was chosen to represent the Essex District in Con-
gress from 1795 to 1797, when he resigned. He was
a Presidential Elector in 1801. About six years be-
fore his death, which occurred September 6, 1803, he
was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Mas-
sachusetts.
Bradford, Allen A, — He was born in Friend-
ship, Lincoln County, Maine, July 23, 1815 ; spent his
boyhood on a farm, and received a common-school and
academical education ; emigrated to Missouri in 1841,
where he studied law, and came to the bar in 1843; and
in 1845 he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court of At-
chison County, which office he held for five years. In
1851 he removed to Iowa, and in 1852 he was appointed
Judge of the Sixth Judicial District of that State,
which he resigned in 1855. During the latter year
he removed to the Territory of Nebraska, and was a
member of the Legislative Council of the Territory in
1856, 1857, and 1858. In 1860 he settled in Colorado,
and was appointed, in 1862, Judge of the Supreme
Court of that Territory, which position he held until
elected a Delegate from Colorado to the Thirty-ninth
Congress. He was a member of the National Com-
mittee appointed to accompany the remains of Presi-
dent Lincoln to Illinois. Re-elected to the Forty-first
Congress.
Bradford, Augustus W, — He was born in
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
45
Maryland, and in 1862 lie was elected Governor of
that State, serving as such until 1866.
Bradford, Edward G, — He was born in Mary-
land, and after adopting the profession of law, settled
at Wilmington, Delaware ; and in 1871 was appointed
United States Judge for the District of Delaware.
Uradford, Taul, — Bom at Mardisville, Talla-
dega County, Alabama, January 20, 1835 ; attended
school there, and in DeKalb County; entered the
University of Alabama at the age of sixteen, and grad-
uated there at the age of nineteen, and has practiced
law since the age of twenty, excepting during the
civil war, when he served in the Confederate Army.
In 1871 was elected to the Alabama Legislature, and
served two sessions. In 1874 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from Alabama to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
Bradford, WiUiam, — Was born at Plympton,
Massachusetts, November 4, 1729. He studied medi-
cine, and established himself in practice at Warren,
Rhode Island, but afterwards removed to Bristol. He
then turned his attention to the law, and became one
of the most distinguished civilians of that State. He
took an active part in the cause of his country during
the Revolution, and afterwards held many important
stations. He was Lieutenant-Governor of the State,
and a member of the United States Senate from
Rhode Island, from 1793 to 1797, when he resigned.
He was President pro tern, of the Senate during a
part of the Fifth Congress. He died July 6, 1808.
Bradford, WiUiafn, — Born in Philadelphia,
September 14, 1755 ; graduated at Princeton in 1772,
with a high reputation for talents ; he was engaged
in the study of law at the outbreak of the Revolution,
but entered the army as Major of Brigade to General
Roberdeau ; he next commanded a company of regu-
lar troops under Colonel Hampton ; he was then ap-
pointed Deputy Muster-Master-General, with the rank
of Lieutenant-Colonel, which office ill health com-
pelled him to resign after serving two years ; he re-
turned to the study of law, and in 1779 was admitted
to the bar of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ; in
August, 1790, he was appointed Attorney-General of
the State ; in 1791 was commissioned as Judge of the
Supreme Court, which office he held until 1794, when
he was appointed Attorney-General of the United
States ; in 1793 he published an "Inquiry how far
the Punishment of Death is Necessary in Pennsyl-
vania," with notes and illustrations ; and, in the
earlier periods of his life, some of his poetical pro-
ductions were published in the Pfdladelphia Magazine.
He died August 23, 1795.
Bradley, AbraJiani, JTr, — He was born in Con-
necticut, and appointed Assistant Postmaster-General
in 1817, holding the office about one year.
Bradley, Edivard. — He was born in East
Bloomfield, Ontario County, New York, in April,
1808 ; spent his boyhood on a farm ; when twenty-
eight years of age he was appointed Associate Judge
of the Common Pleas of that county ; in 1839 he re-
moved to Michigan and engaged in the practice of
law ; in 1842 he was elected to the Senate of Michi-
gan ; and was a Representative from that State to
the Thirtieth Congress. He died in New York city,
while on a tour for the benefit of his health, August
5, 1847.
Bradley , James. — He was a resident of Indi-
ana, and was appointed an Associate Justice of the
United States Court for the Territory of Nebraska.
Bradley, Joseph B, — He was born in Berne,
Albany County, New York, March 14, 1813 ; at the
age of sixteen he taught school ; graduated at Rut-
gers College, New Jersey, in 1836 ; taught an academy
at Millstone ; studied law, and came to the bar of that
State in 1839 ; and practiced the profession at Newark
from the time of his admission until his appointment
as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the
United States, March 21, 1870. He never took much
part in politics ; was, however, a Presidential Elector
in 1868 ; was formerly a Whig, but became a moderate
Republican ; and although he was never identified
with the anti-slavery movement, he zealously sup-
ported the Government during the Rebellion. His
grandfather served as an officer in the Revolutionary
War, and his father in the War of 1812.
Bradley, Lewis B. — He was born in Osage
County, Virginia, February 18, 1805 ; received a good
common-school education ; emigrated to Missouri in
1845, and settled in Howard County ; in 1852 he re-
moved to California and settled in San Francisco ; in
1860 he was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1866
he removed to Nevada ; in 1870 he was elected Gov-
ernor of that State, and re-elected in 1874 by a greatly
increased majority.
Bradley , Nathan B. — He was born in Lee,
Berkshire County, Massachusetts, May 28, 1831 ; re-
moved to Lorain County, Ohio, in 1835, and settled on
a farm ; apprenticed himself to learn the trade of a
clothier, and served the term of three years ; at the
age of nineteen went to Oshkosh, Wisconsin, and spent
a year in the employ of lumber manufacturers ; re-
turned to Ohio, then went back to Michigan to engage
in his vocation of manufacturing lumber ; was elected
a Justice of the Peace three terms, a Supervisor one
term, an Alderman three terms, and was the first
Mayor of Bay City, declining a re-nomination ; was a
candidate for the Lower House of the Legislature ;
elected to the State Senate in 1866, but declined a re-
nomination ; and was elected to the Forty-third and
Forty- fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on
Public Lands.
Bradley, Bhineas, — ^He was born in Connecti-
cut, and in 1818 he was appointed an Assistant Post-
master-General.
Bradley, Stephen Boe, — He was born in Wal-
lingford, Connecticut, February 20, 1754, and gradua-
ted at Yale College in 1775. He was a General of
Militia, the intimate friend of General Ethan Allen,
and the Aid of General Wooster, when that officer fell
in a skirmish with the enemy. He was a lawyer by
profession, and the first Senator from Vermont in the
Congress of the United States, serving from 1791 to
1795, and from 1801 to 1813 ; a man of eminent ability,
but of eccentric habits ; and died in New Hampshire,
December 9, 1830. During a part of the Seventh
and Tenth Congresses he officiated as President pro
tern, of the Senate.
Bradley, William C. — Born at Westminster,
Vermont, March 23, 1782. He entered Yale College,
and was compelled to leave when a freshman, in
1796, and yet, in 1817, the Corporation of the Institu-
tion surprised him with the degree of M.A. He
studied law with his father, Stephen R. Bradley, and
was admitted to the bar in 1802. The public positions
held by him are as follows: From 1800 to 1803, Sec-
retary of Commissioners of Bankruptcy ; from 1804
to 1811, State's-Attorney for Windhani County, and
part of this period Clerk of Westminster ; in 1806 to
1807, Representative in the State Legislature ; in
1812, member of the State Council ; a Representative
in Congress from 1813 to 1815 ; from 1817 to 1822,
agent of the United States under the Treaty of Ghent;
again in Congress from 1823 to 1827 ; in 1850 again in
46
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
the State Legislature ; in 1856 a Presidential Elector;
in 1857 a member of the State Constitutional Conven-
tion ; and in 1858 took formal leave of the bar, at
which he had practiced for fifty-four years, confer-
ring honor upon his native State and winning a spot-
less reputation as a man. Died at Westminster, Ver-
mont, March 3, 1867.
JSradshaiVy Samuel C — He was born in Plum-
stead Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, June
10, 1809 ; received a common-school education ; stud-
ied medicine, and graduated at the Pennsylvania
Medical College in 1833 ; and was a Eepresentative
from his native State to the Thirty-fourth Congress.
Sradyf Jasper E. — He was born in New Jer-
sey, and was a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania from 1847 to 1849. He subsequently
settled in the practice of the law at Pittsburg,
Pennsylvania, and afterwards in Washington City ;
was long a clerk in one of the departments. Died in
Washington, January 23, 1870.
JBragg, tTohn, — He was born in North Carolina,
and was a Representative in Congress from Alabama
from 1851 to 1853.
JBragg, Thomas. — Born in Warrenton, Warren
County, North Carolina, November 9, 1810 ; was
chiefly educated at the Military Academy at Middle -
town, Connecticut ; studied law, and commenced prac-
tice in 1831 ; in 1842 was elected to the Assembly of
his State ; in 1853 was a Presidential Elector ; was
Governor of North Carolina for two terms, from 1855
to 1859 ; and was elected a Senator in Congress for the
term commencing in 1859, serving on the Committees
on Public Lands and Claims, Expelled from the Sen-
ate in July, 1861, having previously taken part in
the Rebellion as Attorney-General of the so-called
Confederate States. Died in Raleigh, January 21,
1872.
JSrainerdf Laivrence. — He was a Senator in
Congress from Vermont, during the session of 1854 and
1855, for the unexpired term of William Upham, de-
ceased. He was for many years a leading business
man in the town of St. Albans.
JBramletfe^ Thomas IE, — Born in Cumberland
County, Kentucky, January 3, 1817 ; admitted to the
bar in 1837 ; was a member of the Legislature in
1841 ; appointed Attorney for the Commonwealth in
1848 ; resigned this position in two years, and resumed
the practice of law ; in 1856 was elected Judge of the
Sixth Judicial District ; in 1861 resigned this office to
enter the Federal army as Colonel of the Third Ken-
tucky Infantry ; was appointed United States District
Attorney, and resigned to accept the nomination for
Governor ; was elected in 1863 for four years ; after-
wards removed to Louisville, and, in 1873, was one
of the most successful lawyers in that city.
JSranch, tTohn. — Born in Halifax County, North
Carolina, November 4, 1782 ; graduated at the Uni-
versity of North Carolina in 1801 ; studied and prac-
ticed law ; in 1811 was elected a State Senator ; re-
elected every year until 1817 ; was then elected Gov-
ernor of the State ; again entered the State Senate in
1822 ; served in the United States Senate from 1823
to 1829 ; and was in the latter year appointed Secre-
tary of the Navy, by President Jackson. On his re-
turn home from Washington, in 1831, he was elected
to a seat in Congress as Representative from North
Carolina ; in 1834 he was again elected to the State
Senate ; in 1835 elected a member of the Convention
to revise the State Constitution ; and, in 1843, was
appointed Governor of the Territory of Florida ; after
which he retired to private life, to enjoy in peace the
love and respect of his many friends.
North Carolina, January 4, 18^3.
Died at Enfield,
branch f Lawrence O'JBrien, — Born in North
Carolina in 1820 ; graduated at Princeton College in
1838 ; was a lawyer by profession ; and was elected
a Representative from North Carolina to the Thirty-
fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth and
Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a member of the
Committees on Territories and on Foreign Affairs.
He took part in the Great Rebellion as a General, and
was killed at the battle of Sharpsburg, September 17,
1862.
Urandehiiry , L. G. — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was appointed from that State Chief Jus-
tice of the United States Court for the Territory of
Utah, residing in Salt Lake City.
JBrandegeef Augustus, — He was born in New
London, Connecticut, July 15, 1828 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1849, and at the Yale Law School in
1851 ; adopted the profession of law ; was elected in
1854, 1858, 1859, and 1861, a member of the Con-
necticut Legislature, having been chosen Speaker in
the latter year ; in 1861 he was a Presidential Elector,
and was elected a Representative from Connecticut to
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of
the Committees on Naval Affairs and Expenditures on
Public Buildings, and also as Chairman of a Special
Committee on the Air-line Railroad from Washington
to New York. He was also a Delegate to the Balti-
more Convention of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-
ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval
Affairs, Revolutionary Pensions, and the Postal Rail-
road to New York. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.
Brandon, George C — He was Governor of
Mississippi from 1827 to 1831.
JBraxton, Carter, — Born on the Mattapony
River, Virginia, September 10, 1736 ; graduated at the
College of William and Mary ; inheriting a large for-
tune, he spent three years in England ; in 1760 he
was elected to the House of Burgesses, in which he
was conspicuous ; was Sheriff of King and Queen
County for a time ; on the commencement of the war
he was a member of the Committee of Safety ; was a
Delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress in
1776, and signed the Declaration of Independence ;
after that service, frequently served in the Virginia
Legislature ; and, having lost his large property by
the war, was subsequently greatly perplexed in his
financial circumstances. Died at Richmond, Virginia,
of paralysis, October 10, 1797.
JSraxton, Elliott JM. — Was born in Matthews
County, Virginia, October 8, 1823 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; adopted the profession of law;
was elected to the State Senate in 1851 and re-elected
in 1853 ; was elected to the Common Council of Fred-
ericksburg in 1866 ; and was elected to the Forty-
second Congress, serving on one or two committees.
Urayton, Willia^n 2>. — He was born in War-
wick, Kent County, Rhode Island, November 6, 1815.
He was educated at Brown University, and, ill-health
preventing him from following a sedentary prof ession,
he entered into active mercantile pursuits ; he held
the position, for some time, of Town Clerk ; was
elected, in 1841, to the State Assembly, serving two
terms ; after serving for two years in the Town Coun-
cils, part of the time as President, he was, in 1848,
elected to the State Senate ; again elected to the State
Assembly in 1851 ; elected a second time to the Sen-
ate in 18o5 ; was Presidential Elector in 1856, and was
elected a member from Rhode Island of the Thirty-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
47
fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving on the
Committee on Patents, and as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings. In
1864 he was Collector of Internal Revenue in War-
wick, Rhode Island.
J^r early , David, — He was Lieutenant-Colonel
in the Revolutionary Army and a brave officer ; a
member of the State and Federal Constitutional Con-
ventions of New Jersey ; and Chief Justice in that
State for nine years ; in 1789 he was appointed United
States Judge for the District of New Jersey. Died
in Trenton, New Jersey, August 16, 1790, aged forty-
four.
Sreafhiftf John, — Born near New London, Vir-
ginia, September 9, 1786 ; removed with his father to
Logan County in 1800; was surveyor and school-
teacher, afterwards studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1810 ; was several years in the Legislature;
was Lieutenant-Governor from 1828 to 1832 ; and
Governor from 1832 to 1884, and was a warm sup-
porter of Jackson for the Presidency. Died at Frank-
fort, Kentucky, February 21, 1834.
Brechf Daniel, — He was born near Boston,
MassachusQi;ts, in 1788 ; graduated at Dartmouth Col-
lege in 1812 ; he studied law, and removed to Ken-
tucky in 1814 ; soon after commenced the practice of
his profession there. His first public position in
Kentucky was that of Judge of a County Court ; in
1824 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-
elected for five years ; from 1835 until 1843 he was
President of the Branch Bank of Kentucky at Rich-
mond ; in 1840 he was a Presidential Elector ; in 1843
he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Ken-
tucky ; and he was a Representative in Congress from
Kentucky from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of
the Committee on Manufactures. The degree of
LL.D. was conferred upon him by the Transylvania
University in 1843, and he has attained the title of
Colonel in the Militia service. After leaving Con-
gress he resumed the oflfice of Bank President.
SrecJCf Sanittel. — He was born in Boston, July
17, 1771 ; was a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania from 1823 to 1825, and died in Phila-
delphia, September 1, 1862.
JBreckenridgef tTames, — Born near Fincastle,
Botetourt County, Virginia, March 7, 1763 ; gradu-
ated at William and Mary College in 1785 ; v/as a
lawyer by profession. In 1781 he was a soldier in
Colonel Preston's Rifle Regiment under General
Greene ; was admitted to the bar in 1787, and became
a successful lawyer ; was a prominent leader of the
old Federal party in the General Assembly of the
State, and a member of the United States Congress
from 1809 to 1817. Was one of the originators of the
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and, with Mr. Jefferson,
a founder of the University of Virginia. He died at
Fincastle, August, 1846.
BrecJcinridge^ James X).— He was born in
Jefferson County, Kentucky, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State from 1821 to 1823.
He died at Louisville, May, 1849.
DrecJcinridge^ JoJin, — Was a Virginian by
birth, and the author and advocate of the celebrated
" Resolutions of 1798-99" in the Legislature of that
State. Emigrating to Kentucky, he was elected
United States Senator in 1801, and was appointed At-
torney-General of the United States, by President Jef-
ferson, in January, 1805, holding that office until Jan-
uary, 1806. One of his sons, Robert I. Breckinridge, is
a distinguished Presbyterian divine ; another, John
Cabell Breckinridge, was an eminent lawyer and the
father of Vice-President Breckinridge. He died at
Lexington, Kentucky, December 14, 1806.
Breckinridge f John C, — He was born near
Lexington, Kentucky, January 16, 1821 ; was educa-
ted at Centre College, Kentucky ; spent a few months
at Princeton ; studied law at the Transylvania Insti-
tute, and was admitted to the bar at Lexington, He
emigrated to Burlington, Iowa, where he remained for
a time, but returned to Lexington, where he contin-
ued to reside, and when not engaged in public duties
practiced his profession with success. He served
as a Major of Infantry during the war with Mexico,
and while in that country distinguished himself as
the counsel of Major-General Pillow during the fa-
mous court-martial. On his return from Mexico he
was elected to the State Legislature ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from the Ashland District
from 1851 to 1855. During his administration. Pres-
ident Pierce tendered to him the mission to Spain ;
but family affairs compelled him to decline the honor.
He was elected Vice-President of the United States
in 1856, on the ticket with James Buchanan, and en-
tered upon the duties of his office in March, 1857, as
President of the United States Senate, In 1861 he
went into the Senate as the successor of Mr, Critten
den. In 1860 he was nominated by the Southern
Democratic party as their candidate for President,
but was defeated. He was expelled from the
Senate on December 4, 1861 ; and took part in the
Great Rebellion as a General. He died at Lexington,
Kentucky, May 17, 1875, leaving, as a man, a spot-
less reputation. The compiler of this volume has
special reasons for respecting his memory, because
of his personal assistance in preparing the Introduc-
tion to the First Edition of the Dictionary of Con-
gress, in 1859, and in which one of the Senator's most
eloquent speeches was originally published.
Dreese, Sidney, — He was born in Whitesbor-
ough, Oneida County, New York, July 15, 1800, He
attended Hamilton College, but graduated at Union
College. He removed to Illinois, and, after due prep-
aration, and before becoming of age, was admitted
to the bar. His first public position was that of Cap-
tain of Militia, after which he became Assistant Sec-
retary of State under Secretary Kane, and was
appointed Postmaster of Kaskaskia. In 1822 he was
appointed State Attorney, which office he held until
1827, when he was appointed Attorney of the United
States for Illinois. In 1829 he published a volume of
Decisions of the Supreme Court, which now bears his
name, and was the first octavo volume published in
the State ; he served in the Black Hawk war as a
Lieutenant of Volunteers. In 1835 he was elected a
Circuit Judge. He was a Senator in Congress from
Illinois from 1843 to 1849, and officiated as Chairman
of the Committee on Public Lands ; he was a Regent
of the Smithsonian Institute during President Polk's
administration. In 1850 he went into the Illinois
Legislature, and was elected Speaker. He was one
of the originators of the Illinois Central Railroad. In
1855 he was again placed on the Circuit Court bench,
and made Chief Judge. Published a work on Illinois
in 1869.
Drengle, Francis, — He was born in Maryland,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1843 to 1845. Died December 10, 1846.
Brent f Michard, — He was born in Virginia;
was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from
1795 to 1799, and again from 1801 to 1803 ; and a Sen-
ator in Congress from 1809 to 1814. He died Decem-
ber 30, 1814.
Brent f TJiomas L, L, — He was a citizen of Vir-
ginia ; Secretary of Legation to Portugal in 1822 ; and
48
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
appointed Charge d' Affaires in 1825, remaining in tliat
capacity until 1834.
JSrentf JVllliamf tfr, — He was a citizen of Vir-
ginia ; went to Buenos Ay res in 1844 as Charge
d' Affaires, and remained there until 1846.
IBrentf William L, — He was born in Charles
County, Maryland, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Louisiana from 1823 to 1829. Died in
July, 1848.
Brenfon, Samuel, — He was a native of Gallatin
County, Kentucky; was a Minister of the Gospel from
the age of twenty until 1848, when, stricken by pa-
ralysis, he resigned, and was appointed Register of
the Fort Wayne Land Office. He was elected to Con-
gress from Indiana in 1851, and again in 1855. He
was also President of the Fort Wayne College. He
died March 29, 1857, aged forty-eight years.
JSi^evardf James. — He was born in Iredell
County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in
Congress from South Carolina from 1819 to 1821.
JSreivster, David JP, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1839 to 1843.
JBHdf/eSf George W. — Was born in McMinn
County, Tennessee, October 9, 1825 ; was educated at
the East Tennessee University ; adopted the profes-
sion of law ; was Attorney-General of the State in
1849 and in 1854, holding the office for eleven years ;
held the positions of Bank Attorney and Railroad Di-
rector ; was a Presidential Elector in 1860 ; was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress from Tennessee in
1861, to serve in the Thirty-seventh Congress ; but,
being arrested by the "Confederates," during the
Rebellion, did not take his seat until towards the
close of the last session.
Bridges, Samuel A, — He was born in Colches-
ter, Connecticut, January 27, 1802 ; received an aca-
demic education, and graduated at Williamstown
College in 1826 ; studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1829. In 1830 he removed to Pennsylva-
nia ; was for seven years Deputy Attorney-General of
the State for Lehigh County ; and he was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1848 to
1849, and from 1853 to 1855.
Uriggs, Ansel. — He was elected Governor of
Iowa in 1846, and remained in the office until 1850.
IBriggSf George. — He was born in Fulton County,
New York, in 1805, but removed to Vermont in 1813,
to the Legislature of which State he was elected in
1837. In 1838 he settled in the city of New York,
and for many years devoted himself to the hardware
business, by which he amassed a fortune. He repre-
sented the city of New York in Congress from 1849
to 1853, and in 1858 was elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Revolutionary Claims. He was also a Delegate to
the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of
1866. Died at Saratoga, June 1, 1869.
SriggSf George N, — He was born in Adams,
Berkshire County, Massachusetts, April 12, 1796 ;
commenced life by learning the trade of a hatter ;
spent one year in an academy ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1818 ; was a Representative in
Congress from Massachusetts from 1831 to 1843, offi-
ciating during the Twenty-seventh Congress as Chair-
man of the Committee on the Post Office ; and from
1844 to 1851 was Governor of Massachusetts. From
1853 to 1859 he also held the position of Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas; having been a member of the
State Constitutional Convention of 1853, and Register
of Deeds from 1824 to 1831. He was a Trustee of
Williams College for sixteen years ; a noted advocate
of the Temperance Cause ; died in 1861 from the ef-
fects of an accident received from a gun ; and an in-
teresting biography of him was published in 1866, by
Rev. Wm. C. Richards.
SrigJianif Elijah. — He was a native of North-
borough, Massachusetts ; a graduate of Dartmouth
College in 1778 ; studied law at Harvard ; was a mer-
chant by occupation ; held many positions of trust
and responsibility ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Massachusetts from 1811 to 1816, when he
resigned. He died in Washington City, of croup,
April 22, 1816, aged sixty-six years.
Srighf, Jesse D. — Born at Norwich, Chenango
County, New York, December 18, 1812 ; received an
academic education, and studied law as a profession.
He was Circuit Judge of Indiana, State Senator, Mar-
shal of the United States for the District of Indiana,
and Lieutenant-Governor of that State. He was a
United States Senator from Indiana from 1845 to 1857,
and President of the Senate during several sessions.
He was elected for an additional term in 1857, for six
years, and was Chairman of the Committee on Public
Buildings and Grounds, and a member of the Com-
mittees on Finance and the Pacific Railroad. Ex-
pelled for alleged disloyalty in February, 1862. He
subsequently settled in Kentucky, and was elected to
the Senate of that State. Died in Baltimore, Mary-
land, May 20, 1875.
Urighf, John Morgan. — Was born at Fay-
etteville, Tennessee, January 20, 1817 ; received his
early education at Fayetteville, and at Hillsborough,
North Carolina ; graduated at Nashville University
in^ 1839, and from Transylvania University in 1841 ;
practiced law ; was a member of the Legislature of
Tennessee in 1847 to 1848 ; was elected to the Forty-
second Congress, a?id was re-elected to the Forty-
third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the
Committee on Private Land Claims. In December,
1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Committee
on Claims.
Srinkerhojf, Henry H, — He was born la
Adams County, Pennsylvania, in 1788, and emigrated
at an early period to New York. During the last war
with England he served in command of a volunteer
company, and distinguished himself at the battle of
Queenstown. He was twice elected to the New York
Legislature, and for many years held the office of
Major-General of the New York Militia. In 1837 he
removed to Ohio, and was elected to Congress, as
Representative from that State, in 1843, but died be-
fore the expiration of his term, in Huron County,
Ohio, April 30, 1844.
BrinJcerhofff Jacob. — He was bom in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
Ohio from 1843 to 1847.
JBristolf Warren. — Born in New York ; settled
in Minnesota ; and in 1872 he was appointed an As-
sociate Justice of the Supreme Court for the Territory
of New Mexico.
Srisfolf William. — He was born in Hamden,
Connecticut, in 1779 ; graduated at Yale College in
1798 ; studied law, and was for many years a distin-
guished member of the New Haven bar ; was Judge
of the United States District Court for the State of
Connecticut ; and was a member of the Superior
Court of that State from 1819 to 1826. He died at
New Haven, March 7, 1836.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
49
MristoWf Benjamin H, — He was born in
Elkton, Todd County, Kentucky, June 20, 1832 ; grad-
uated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1851 ;
studied law, and began practice at Elkton in 1853 ;
removed to Hopkinsville in 1858, and continued his
profession there ; in 1861 he entered the army as
Lieutenant-Colonel of the Twenty-fifth Kentucky
Infantry, and subsequently commanded the Eighth
Kentucky Cavalry. While serving in the field, he
was elected to the State Senate for four years, but
resigned at the end of two years, and resumed his
profession in Louisville ; in 1866 he was appointed
United States District Attorney for the District of
Kentucky, and resigned in 1870 ; in October, 1870, he
was appointed Solicitor-General of the United States,
and resigned in the autumn of 1872 ; and he was ap-
pointed Secretary of the Treasury, June 3, 1874, and
is still at the head of that important Department.
The press of the country has frequently mentioned
his name in connection with the office of President of
the United States.
JBristow, Francis M, — Born near Nicholas-
ville. Jessamine County, Kentucky, August 11, 1804;
received a good English education ; studied law, but
divided his time between that profession and farm-
ing ; in 1831 and 1833 he was elected to the Kentucky
Legislature ; in 1846 to the State Senate ; in 1849 was
a member of the State Constitutional Convention ; in
1854 was elected a Representative in Congress for the
unexpired term of Presley Ewing ; and in 1859 was
elected a Representative from Kentucky to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Commitee on
Agriculture and the Special Committee of Thirty-
three. Died at Elkton, Kentucky, June 10, 1864.
Sroadheadf John C, — He was a Representative
In Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833, and
again from 1837 to 1839.
Urochus, JPerry E. — He was an early emigrant
to Utali, and in 1850 he was appointed a United
States Judge for that Territory, and subsequently
resided in Washington City. He was born in Vir-
ginia, but appointed from Alabama.
Srochenhroughf J, W, — He was a native of
Virginia and appointed a Judge of the United States
District Court for that District.
Broc7ie7ihroughf William II, — Bom in 1813 ;
he originally went to Florida for the benefit of his
health, which, during his residence there, was a con-
tinual depression upon his physical and mental
energies. He, however, held no undistinguished
position as a citizen, having been, under the Territo-
rial government, a Senator from the Western Dis-
trict, and at one time President of the Senate, also
United States District Attorney, and also Judge, and
a Representative in Congress from Florida from 1845
to 1847. He was also a Presidential Elector on seve-
ral occasions ; and he died at Tallahassee, Florida, in
June, 1850, of pulmonary consumption.
Brockivay, John H, — Born in Ellington, Con-
necticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1820 ; he
commenced active life by teaching the academy at
East Windsor Hill ; he studied law, and has been
devoted to the practice of the profession ever since.
He has frequently served in the two Houses of the
State Legislature, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Connecticut from 1839 to 1843.
Sroflerickf David C, — Born in the District of
Columbia, of Irish parentage, in December, 1818 :
when a boy of five years removed to New York city
with his father ; during his youth he was apprenticed
to the trade of a stone-cutter, which, was the trade of
his father ; was for many years foreman of a fire-
engine company in New York, during which period
he was an active politician ; removed to California in
1849, and engaged in the business of smelting and
assaying gold ; was a member of the Convention
which drafted the Constitution of that State ;
served two years in the California Senate, and was
President of that body in 1851 ; and he was elected a
Senator in Congress from California in 1856, for the
long term, taking his seat during the second session
of the Thirty-fourth Congress. Died in San Francis-
co, California, September 16, 1859, from a wound
received in a duel fought with David S. Terry, Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court of that State, on the
13th of the same month. He was the first member of
the United States Senate ever killed in a duel ; and
it is said that some of the marble pillars in the old
Senate Chamber, where he had a seat, were cut by
his own father.
Urodheadf John* — He was a minister of the
Methodist Episcopal Church for forty-four years, and
a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire
from 1829 to 1833. He died at New Market, New
Hampshire, April 7, 1838, aged sixty-seven years.
His son, John M., was Second Comptroller of the
Treasury.
Unodheadf John M, — He was born in Canaan,
New Hampshire, and was the son of John Brodhead,
formerly a member of Congress ; educated partly at
the New Market Seminary; graduated at Dartmouth
College as a physician; was appointed Second Comp-
troller, and held the office until 1857 ; was an Alder-
man of Washington City in 1861 and 1862, and in-
troduced the first Union resolutions after the battle
of Bnll Run ; was a Commissioner for the District
of Columbia under the Emancipation Act in 1862 ; in
1863 he was again appointed Second Comptroller, and
remained in that position until January, 1876, when
he resigned. Among his other official positions held
at different times may be mentioned those of Trustee
of an Asylum and of a College, and also that of a.
Bank Cashier.
Srodhead* Hichard, — He was a native of Pike
County, Pennsylvania ; was a Representative in Con-
gress from 1843 to 1849, and a Senator of the United:
States from 1851 to 1857, from Pennsylvania. Died'
at Easton, Pennsylvania, September 17, 1863.
Brogden, Curtis H* — Born in Wayne County,
North Carolina ; as a boy he worked on his father's
farm ; early took an interest in military affairs and
became a General of Militia ; elected to the State
Legislature in 1838 ; and in one or the other of the
two Houses served therein for nearly twenty years ;
he was for ten years from 1857 Comptroller of the
State ; was a Presidential Elector in 1868 ; in 1869 he
was appointed a Collector of Internal Revenue; after
the additional service of four years in the State Sen--
ate, he was in 1872 elected Lieutenant-Governor; and
on the death of Governor Caldwell in 1874 he became
the Governor of the State and is still in office. Among
other public positions that he has held may be men-
tioned those of State Director of the Weldon and Wil-
mington Railroad, Trustee of the State University,
and Justice of Wayne County.
JBromherg, Frederick George,— Bom in
New York city, June 19, 1837; removed to Mobile in
1838 ; graduated at Harvard University, in 1858; was
a student in the Chemical Laboratory of the Lawrence
Scientific School, from 1861 to 1863 ; was elected tutor
in mathematics at Harvard University in 1863 ; re-
signed in 1865 and returned to Mobile; was appointed
Treasurer of the City of Mobile in 1867, and served
until 1869 ; was a member of the State Senate of
50
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Alabama from 1868 to 1872 ; appointed Postmaster
of Mobile in 1869, and removed in 1871 ; and was
elected to the For y-third Congress and re-elected to
the Forty-fourth Congress. Served on the Committee
on Commerce.
Cromwell, Henry P. H, — Born in Baltimore,
Maryland, August 26, 1823 ; spent seven years of his
boyhood in Ohio ; went with his father to Illinois in
1836; received a good English and classical education ;
studied law; came to the bar in 1853, and practiced in
different parts oi the State; from 1852 to 1854 he was
the publisher and editor of the Age of Steam and
Fire, at Vandalia ; in 1853 he was elected Judge of
Fayette County for four years ; was a Presidential
Elector in 1860, and in 1864 he was elected a Repre-
sentative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Patents, Expenses in
the State Department, and the Civil Service. Re-
elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on Public Expenditures.
JBronsofif David, — Born in Suffield, Connecti-
cut ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1819; studied
law, and admitted to the bar in 1823 ; was a member
of the Legislature, as Representative, in 1832 and 1834,
and as Senator in 1846, and was a Representative in
Congress from Norridgewock, Maine, from 1841 to
1843, and served as a member of the Commitiee! on
Public Lands. From 1850 to 1853, he was Collector
of Customs at Bath, Maine ; and from 1854 to 1857
was Judge of Probate for Sagadahock County. Died
in Talbot County, Maryland, in November, 1863.
Branson, Isaac H, — Born in Rutland, New
York, October 16, 1802, and died at Pilatka, Florida,
August 13, 1855. He was educated for the bar, and
admitted to practice in 1822 ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839,
officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Terri-
tories, when he was appointed one of the Territorial
Judges of Florida, and from that time until his death
he served continually on the bench ; at the time of
his death being District Judge of the United States
for Northern Florida.
Brooke, Francis JT, — Born at Smithfield, Vir-
ginia, August 27, 1763 ; in 1780 was appointed
Lieutenant in Harrison's legiment ; on returning to
Virginia studied medicine one year; then studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in 1788; practiced in the
Counties of Monongahela and Harrison; was appoint-
ed Commonwealth's Attorney in the District Court,
and afterwards practiced in Essex and in the North-
ern Neck ; was a member of the House of Delegates
in 1794 and 1795; removed to Fredericksburg in 1796;
was elected State Senator in 1800; and while Speaker
in 1804 vv^as elected Judge of the General Court, and
in 1811 Judge of the Court of Appeals, of which he
was President eight years. In 1831 was re-elected
Judge of the same Court ; and filled the office till his
death, March 3, 1851.
Brooke, Robert, — He was Governor of Virginia
from 1794 to 1796.
Brooke, Walter, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from Mississippi from 1852 to 1853, in place of
H. S. Foote, resigned. Took part in the Rebellion.
Brookings, W, JV, — He was au early emigrant
to Utah, and was appointed an Associate Judge of
the United States Court for that Territory.
Brooks, David, — Was born in 1736 ; entered
the army in 1776 as a Lieutenant in the Pennsylvania
line; was captured at Fort Washington, and remained
a prisoner for two years. Upon being exchanged, he
was promoted Assistant Clothier-General at head-
quarters, an office of responsibility, which he so filled
as to secure the friendship of Washington. After the
close of the war he removed to New York, and after-
wards settled in Dutchess County, representing each
locality in the State Legislature. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New York, from May, 1797,
to July, 1797 ; a Commissioner for making the first
treaty with the Seneca Indians (signed where the city
of Utica now stands), and subsequently first Judge
of Dutchess County for sixteen years. He died at
his home, where he was universally esteemed, in
August, 1838.
Brooks, George IM, — ^Born in Concord, Massa-
chusetts, July 26, 1824 ; graduated at Cambridge in
1844 ; studied law ; was a member of the Massachu-
setts Legislature in 1858, and of the State Senate in
1859 ; of the Committee chosen in 1859 to revise the
statutes of Massachusetts ; and was elected to the
Forty-first Congress in 1869, to fill a vacancy. In 1864
he was chosen an Overseer of Harvard College, and
was for several years Chairman of the Greek Com-
mittee.
Brooks, George W, — He was born in North
Carolina, and is a resident of Elizabeth City, from
which he was appointed in 1866 United States Judge
for the Eastern District of North Carolina.
Brooks, James, — He was born in Portland,
Maine, November 10, 1810. When only eleven years
old he became a clerk in a store, when sixteen was a
school teacher, and at the age of nearly twenty-one
he graduated at the Waterville College. He has been
an extensive traveler both in this country and Europe,
and has published a large number of letters descrip-
tive of his tours. In 1835 he was elected to the
Legislature of Maine ; in 1836 he established the
New York Daily Express, of which he has since
been the chief editor and proprietor; in 1847 he was
elected a member of the New York Legislature, and
from 1849 to 1853 he was a Representative in Con-
gress from the city of New York, serving on the
Committee on Public Lands. Re-elected to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Com-
mittee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Re-elected
to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Ways and Means and the Pacific Railroad,
but his seat was successfully contested by W. E.
Dodge. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia
"National Union Convention" of 1866; and re-
elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Ways and Means, Reconstruction, and on
Rules. Re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses;
and during one of the recesses, he performed a tour
around the world, about which he published an inter-
esting book ; and died in Washington, District of
Columbia, April 30, 1873.
Brooks, John, — Born in Medford, Massachu-
setts, brought up on a farm, received a common-
school education, at which time Count Rumford was
a fellow student, and an intimacy with him con-
tinued through correspondence during the life of the
Count. He was apprenticed at the age of fourteen, for
seven years, to Dr. Tufts. Commenced the practice
of medicine at Reading, where he commanded a com-
pany of Minute-men in 1775 ; was in nearly all the
battles of the Revolution, and was especially distin-
guished at Saratoga. In 1778 was associated with
Inspector-General Steuben in the duty of introducing
a uniform system of exercise and manoeuvres, and was
Adjutant-General at the battle of Monmouth. To him
belongs the credit of sending Cuyler to give the
alarm to Arnold's forces. After the war he resumed
the practice of medicine in Medford, was for many
years Major-General of Militia, and as a member of
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
51
the Legislature was against Sliay's Rebellion ; was a
Delegat 3 to the Convention for adopting the Federal
Constitution, which he advocated ; was appointed by
Washington Marshal of his District, and Inspector of
the Revenue in 1795 ; was State Senator and Councilor ;
Adjutant-General of the State from 1812 to 1815 ;
and its Governor from 1816 to 1823, when he retired
to private life. He received from Harvard University
the degrees of M.D. and LL.D. in 1816 ; was Presi-
dent of the Massachusetts Medical Society from 1817
till his death ; of the Cincinnati from 1787 ; and of
the Massachusetts Bible Society. Died at Medford,
March 1, 1825.
SrooJcSf Micah, — He was born in Cheshire,
Connecticut, in 1775 ; was educated by his father,
with whom he removed to Western New York, and
where he taught school. He settled on a farm, but was
a Justice of the Peace in 1806, and for twenty years
thereafter he was a County Judge. He was a mem-
ber of the New York Assembly in 1808 and 1809, was
a Representative in Congress from New York from
1815 to 1817 ; a member of the State Constitutional
Convention of 1821 ; and a Presidential Elector in
1824. He died in Livingston County, New, York,
July 7, 1857.
SroohSf Preston S, — He was born in Edgefield
District, South Carolina, in August, 1819 ; graduated
at the South Carolina College in 1839 ; studied law ;
was admitted to the bar in 1843, and was a State Rep-
resentative in 1844. In 1846 he raised a company
of volunteers, was made Captain, and served in the
Palmetto regiment during most of the Mexican War.
After the war he devoted himself to planting. He
was elected to Congress in 1853, and again in 1855.
In 1856 he made a personal assault upon Charles
Sumner, in the United States Senate Chamber, which
event caused much excitement throughout the coun-
try. The attack was caused by words uttered in
debate by Senator Sumner against A. P. Butler, who
was Mr. Brooks' relative. He died in Washington,
District of Columbia, January 27, 1857.
JBroom, Jacoh, — He was born in Baltimore,
Maryland, July 25, 1808 ; received a classical educa-
tion ; on removing to Pennsylvania, was appointed, in
1840, Deputy Auditor of that State ; in 1849 he was
elected Clerk of the Orphans' Court for the City and
County of Philadelphia; and was elected a Represent-
ative from that State to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress. Died in Washington, in November, 1864.
Broom all f John M. — Was bom in Upper
Chichester, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, January
19, 1816 ; received a good classical and mathematical
education in the schools of the Quakers, to which his
family had belonged for several generations ; studied
law, and was devoted to that profession ; served in
the Legislature of the State ; was a Presidential
Elector in 1861 ; and in 1862 was elected a Represent-
ative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, and was a member of the Committees on Ac-
counts and Public Expenditures ; re-elected to the
Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
Public Expenditures, on Accounts, and on the Mem-
phis Riots ; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv-
ing as Chairman of the Committee on Accounts.
Broome, James IE. — He was Governor of
Florida from 1853 to 1857.
Broome, James M. — He was a Representative
in Congress from Delaware from 1805 to 1807 ;
graduated at Princeton College in 1794.
Broitffhf John, — Was born in Marietta, Ohio,
September 17, 1811 ; he began life as a printer, and
entered the Ohio University ; in 1831 he published
at Marietta the Washington County Re/publican, and
in 1833 the Lancaster Eagle. He was Clerk of the
Ohio Senate from 1835 to 1838 ; then a member of
the Legislature ; from 1839 to 1845 Auditor ; in 1846
opened a law office in Cincinnati and published the
Inquirer. In 1848 was President of the Madison and
Indianapolis Railway ; in 1853 of the Bellefontaine
and Indianapolis Road. In 1863 he was elected Gov-
ernor of Ohio. He died in Cleveland, August 29, 1865.
Bf'oughton, Thomas. — Was Councilor and
Collector of Customs in South Carolina in 1808; after-
ward Lieutenant-Governor ; May 3, 1855, was made
Governor, serving in that position until his death in
1858.
Brown, Aaron V, — Born in Brunswick County,
Virginia, August 15, 1795. He graduated at Chapel
Hill University in 1814, and in 1815 removed with his
parents to Tennessee, where he devoted himself to
the study of law ; and, when admitted to practice,
became a partner of the late James K. Polk, in
Giles County, serving in the meantime for a number
of years in the Legislature of Tennessee. In 1839
he was elected a member of Congress from Tennes-
see, and re-elected in 1841 and 1843. On his retire-
ment from Congress in 1845, he was elected Governor
of Tennessee ; and he was at all times considered one
of the most faithful and industrious leaders of the
Democratic party in Tennessee. His last position
was that of Postmaster-General in the Cabinet of
President Buchanan. Among the measures which
marked his administration of our postal affairs may
be mentioned the establishment of a new and shorter
oceanic communication to California, by Tehuantepec;
of the great overland mail from Memphis and St.
Louis to San Francisco, and another across the con-
tinent, by the way of Salt Lake. His speeches.
Congressional and political, were published at Nash-
ville in 1854. He died in Washington, March 8, 1859.
Broivn, Albert G, — He was born in Chester
District, South Carolina, May 31, 1813 ; taken to
Mississippi when a boy ; adopted the law as a profes-
sion ; was a member of the State Legislature from
1835 to 1839 ; and was a Representative in Congress
from Mississippi in 1840 and 1841. He was also a
Judge of the Circuit Superior Court in 1852 and 1853;
Governor of Mississippi from 1844 to 1848 ; was again
elected a Representative in Congress from 1848 to
1854 ; was elected a United States Senator from 1854
to 1858 ; and re-elected for six years, commencing
March 4, 1859, but was expelled in March, 1861, and
joined the Great Rebellion. He was Chairman of the
Committee on the District of Columbia in the Thirty-
fifth Congress, and a member of the Committee on
Indian Affairs and that of Enrolled Bills. His col-
lected speeches were jDublished in one volume in 1859.
In 1875 he wrote a letter of advice to a young friend
in which he argued against the manner of life in
which he had been most successful, that of the poli-
tician and office-holder. He also said that farming
was the noblest of occupations.
Brown, Anson, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
during the years 1839 and 1840, and died at Ballston,
New York, June 21, 1840, much respected for his
character and acquirements.
Brown f Bedford,— Both in Caswell County,
North Carolina, in 1795 ; was elected to the House of
Commons of that State in 1815, in which capacity he
served many years ; and was a Senator in Congress
from that State from 1829 to 1841, officiating as
Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture during
several sessions. He was subsequently elected to the
52
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
General Assembly, and at the end of his term retired
to private life. He was first elected to the Senate by
one majority, and, to a great extent, by a mere acci-
dent ; but, having acquitted himself with ability, was
re-elected by a large majority. Died in Caswell
County, December 6, 1870.
JBrowrif Senjafnin, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Massachusetts from 1815 to 1817,
having served in the State Legislature in 1809, 1811,
and 1812.
SrowUf JR, Gratz, — Born in Lexington, Ken-
tucky, May 28, 1826 ; graduated at the Transylvania
University in 1845, and at Yale College in 1847 ;
studied law in Louisville, and settled at St. Louis,
Missouri ; was a member of the Legislature of that
State from 1852 to 1858 ; assisted in establishing the
Missouri Democrat, and edited that journal from 1854
to 1859. A speech that he delivered in the Legisla-
ture in 1857 was the initial movement in behalf of
freedom in that State. When the war broke out, in
1861, he volunteered and raised a regiment, which
assisted in the capture of Camp Jackson, and which
he commanded during its term of service. He subse-
quently commanded a Brigade of Militia during an
invasion of the State. His efEorts in behalf of free-
dom were continued during the progress of the Re-
bellion, and he was foremost in organizing the move-
ments which resulted in the Ordinance of Freedom in
1864, He was elected a Senator in Congress from
Missouri for the term commencing in 1863 and ending
in 1867, serving on the Committees on Military Af-
fairs, Pacific Railroad, Indian Affairs, Public Build-
ings and Grounds, Printing, and as Chairman of the
Committee on Contingent Expenses of the Senate,
and, subsequently, on the death of Senator Foote, as
Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and
Grounds. In 1872 he received a complimentary vote
for President of the United States. John Brown,
formerly a Senator from Kentucky, was his grand-
father ; and his father. Mason Brown, was a promi-
nent Judge.
JBrowUf Charles, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1849.
He subsequently held the ofiice of Collector of the
Port of Philadelphia. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia ' * National Union Convention " of 1866.
JBrotviif Ellas, — He was a Representative in Con
gross from Maryland from 1829 to 1831, and a Presi-
dential Elector in 1820, 1828, and 1836.
JBrown^ Ethan Allen, — Born at Darien, Con-
necticut, July 4, 1776 ; was educated by an Irish
scholar, and acquired a critical knowledge of lan-
guages ; read law with Alexander Hamilton, and was
admitted to the bar in 1802 ; emigrated to the West,
and in 1804 settled to practice in Cincinnati. He was
Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio from 1810 to
1818 ; Governor of the State from 1818 to 1822 ;
United States Senator from 1822 to 1825 ; Canal Com-
missioner from 1825 to 1830 ; United States Minister
to Brazil from 1830 to 1834 ; Commissioner of the
General Land Office in 1835 and 1836 ; removed to In-
diana in 1836, and was a member of the Indiana
Legislature in 1842. Died in Indianapolis, February
24, 1852.
Srott^fif George, — He was a citizen of Massa-
chusetts, and was a Commissioner to Hawaii from
1843 to 1846.
JBrown^ George IT, — He was born in New Jer-
sey ; graduated at Princeton College in 1828 ; adopted
the profession of law ; was a member of the Conven-
tion which formed the State Constitution of 1844 ;
and was a Representative in Congress from New Jer-
sey from 1851 to 1853.
UrowUf Henry Kirke, — Born at Leyden, Mas-
sachusetts, in 1814 ; went to Boston at the age of
eighteen to study portrait painting, but turned his
attention to sculpture ; and, to obtain means to visit
Italy, he became a railroad engineer in Illinois. In
1842 he succeeded in getting to Italy, and passed four
years there in study. On his return he fixed his resi-
dence in Brooklyn, New York, and is said to have
produced the first bronze statue ever cast in this
country; his works in marble are "Hope," "The
Angel of Retribution," " The Indian and Panther,"
" The Pleiades," and " The Four Seasons," and in
bronze a statue of De Witt Clinton, the colossal statue
of Washington in Union Square, New York, and the
equestrian statue of Scott in Washington. This ar-
tist was also commissioned to execute a number of
statues of famous Americans for the Statuary Hall in
the Capitol.
JSroivn, Jacob, — Born in Bucks County, Penn-
sylvania, May 9, 1775, and was of Quaker descent ;
taught school in New Jersey for three years ; spent
two years as a surveyor in Ohio ; settled as a school
teacher in New York city in 1798 ; studied law and
wrote for the press ; purchased land on the borders of
the St, Lawrence, to which he removed, and began
the first settlement within thirty miles of Lake Onta-
rio ; he there became a County Judge and a Colonel
of Militia ; was placed in command of that frontier ;
rendered the national cause good service in 1813, and
was made a Brigadier-General in the regular army ;
was made Major-General in 1814, and continued to
render important services at Chippewa, Niagara Falls,
and at Fort Erie, and received two severe wounds.
He received the thanks of Congress and a medal ; and,
in 1821, he was made General-in-Chief of the United
States army ; and died in Washington City, February
24, 1828.
JSrowfif tTames, — He was born in Virginia, Oc-
tober, 1766 ; studied law ; settled first in Mississippi,
at Natchez ; and was appointed by President Jeffer-
son Secretary of the Territory of Louisiana after its
acquisition. This led him to New Orleans, which
became his home. He was appointed United States
Attorney for the District of Louisiana, and rose to a
high rank at the bar, and was also appointed a Terri-
torial Judge in 1804, He was chosen to the United
States Senate from Louisiana, and served from 1812
to 1817 ; and again from 1819 to 1824, officiating as
Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and,
having resigned, was appointed Minister Plenipoten-
tiary to France. He remained five years abroad, and
subsequently settled in Philadelphia, where he died
of apoplexy, April 7, 1835. He was the brother of
John Brown, of Virginia.
JSrowfif tf antes S, — He was born in Hampton,
Maine, February 1, 1824 ; removed to Cincinnati, Ohio,
in 1840, where he studied law, and, in 1844, took up
his permanent residence in Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
In 1846 he was chosen Prosecuting Attorney for Mil-
waukee County ; in 1848 he was elected Attorney-Gen-
eral of the State ; in 1861 was Mayor of Milwaukee ;
and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from
Wisconsin to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on
the Committee on Elections.
JBrown^ Jeremiah, — ^He was born in Pennsyl-
vania in 1776 ; served in the Legislature of that State
as a member of one or two State Conventions ; was
the first Associate Judge elected by the people, and a
Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from
1841 to 1845. Died at Lancaster, March' 2, 1848.
BIOaRAPHICAL ANNALS.
53
J^rowiif John, — Was born at Staunton, Virginia,
September 12, 1757 ; was a student at Princeton Col-
lege, New Jersey, when the American army made its
retreat, and the college was closed ; lie joined tbe
troops and crossed the Delaware, and remained in the
army undei Washington for some time. He was
subsequently under the command of Lafayette, after
which he completed his education at William and
Mary College ; was a school teacher two years ;
studied law, and removed to Frankfort, Kentucky, in
1782 ; was elected a member of the Virginia Legisla-
ture from the District of Kentucky, and was appointed
a Delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress,
from 1787 to 1788 ; was a Representative from Ken-
tucky to the Federal Congress from 1789 to 1791, and
a United States Senator from 1793 to 1805. He was
the last survivor of the old Congress, and the first
member from the Valley of the Mississippi. He was
eminent as a patriot, statesman, and citizen. Died in
Frankfort, Kentucky, August 28, 1837. He was one
of those who voted to locate the Seat of Government
on the Potomac.
JBrown^ tTohn, — He was born in Providence,
Rhode Island, January 27, 1736 ; was bred to mercan-
tile pursuits ; was one of the men who captured the
Gaspee in Providence River, in 1772 ; took an active
part in the Revolution, and was an ardent friend of
the Constitution. He was chosen a Delegate to the
Continental Congress in 1784, but did not take his
seat in that body ; was a Representative in Congress
from Rhode Island from 1799 to 1801 ; and died Sep-
tember 20, 1803.
Srowfif fToTiKi, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland from 1809 to 1810.
Srotvnf tTohn, — He was born in Mifflin County,
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress
from Pennsylvania from 1821 to 1825.
Urown, tloJin C. — He was Governor of Tennes-
see from 1841 to 1844.
JBrowfif John W, — He was born in Dundee,
Scotland, about the year 1797, and came with his
father to the United States in 1802 ; received a com-
mon-school education, studied law, and came to the
bar in 1818 ; elected a Justice of the Peace in 1820 ;
elected a Representative in Congress from New York
in 1832, and re-elected in 1834 ; in 1849 he was elected
a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, and re-
elected in 1857, retiring from the Bench in 1865, to re-
sume the practice of his profession. Although always
a Democrat in politics, he supported the war measures
of President Lincoln with great zeal. Died at his
residence in Newburg, New York, September 6, 1875.
He was a very successful lawyer, and it is said that
none of his rulings as a Judge were ever reversed by
the Court of Appeals.
Brotvnf John Young, — He was born in Clays-
ville, Hardin County, Kentucky, June 28, 1835 ; grad-
uated at Centre College, Danville, in 1855 : studied
law and adopted the profession ; in 1859 he was elected
to Congress, but not having attained the constitu-
tional age, declined to take his seat ; and in 1867 he
was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the
Fortieth Congress, but in March, 1868, his seat was
refused by the House. He was re-elected to the For-
ty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on va-
rious Committees.
Broivnf Joseph E, — He was Governor of Geor-
gia from 1857 to^ 1865, during the entire progress of
the Rebellion.
JBrown, Mason, — Born in Philadelphia, Novem-
ber 10, 1799 ; graduated at Yale College in 1820 ;
studied in the office of J. J. Crittenden and in the
Lexington Law School ; practiced at Frankfort, Ken-
tucky ; became the partner of Charles S. Morehead,
with whom he compiled " Morehead and Brown's Di-
gest ; " was many years Judge of the Circuit Court of
his district, and Secretary of State in Kentucky from
1855 to 1859. He was father of B. Gratz Brown and
Brigadier-General J. M. Brown. Died in Frankfort,
Kentucky, January 27, 1867.
Brown, Milton, — He was born in Ohio, and on
taking up his residence in Tennessee, was elected a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1841
to 1847.
Brown, Morgan W, — He was a native of Ten-
nessee, and in 1834 he was appointed United States
Judge for the District of that State. Resided at Nash-
ville.
JBrown, Weil S, — He was a citizen of Tennessee ;
Governor of the State from 1847 to 1849 ; and in 1850
he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia,
where he remained until 1853.
Brown, Orlando, — He was born in Kentucky,
and in July, 1849, he was appointed Commissioner of
Indian Affairs, having been the first who held the of-
fice after it became a Bureau of the Interior Depart-
ment, and he continued in office only until July,
1850.
Brown, Bohert, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1798 to 1815.
Brown, Thomas, — He was Governor of Florida
from 1849 to 1853.
Brown, Titles, — He was born in Cheshire Coun-
ty, New Hampshire ; graduated at Middlebury Col-
lege in 1811 ; was a member of the Legislature of New
Hampshire from 1820 to 1825 ; was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1825
to 1829, serving as a member of the Committee on the
Memorial of the Legislature of Tennessee. In 1842
he was elected to the State Senate and made Presi-
dent ; and he also held the offices of Solicitor of
Hillsborough County from 1823 to 1825, and from
1829 to 1834, and Railroad Commissioner. Died at
Francistown, New Hampshire, January 31, 1849, aged
sixty-three years.
Brotvn, William, — He was born in Frederick
County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Kentucky from 1819 to 1823.
Brown, William G, — He was born in Preston
County, Virginia, September 25, 1801 ; received a good
English education ; studied law, and w^as admitted to
the bar m 1823 ; in 1832 he was elected to the Legis-
lature of Virginia, and served in that capacity again
from 1840 to 1843. He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849 ; in 1850 he was
a member of the Virginia State Convention ; in 1860
a Delegate to the " Charleston Convention," and also
to that held in Baltimore ; he was also a Delegate to
the " Virginia Convention" of 1861, and opposed the
action of the Secessionists ; and on his return home
he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures
and the Militia ; and in 1863 he was re-elected to the
Thirty-eighth Congress as a Representative from
West Virginia, and served on the Committee on
Claims.
Brown, Willia^n J, — He was born in Kentucky
in 1805. He emigrated to Indiana in 1821, aud was
54
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
at one time Secretary of State for Indiana, and a mem-
ber of the State Legislature ; a Representative in
Congress from Indiana from 1843 to 1845, and again
from 1849 to 1851 ; he was also Assistant Postmaster-
General under President Polk ; editor of the Indiana
Sentinel ; State Librarian of Indiana ; and, at the time
of his death, Special Agent of the Post Office Depart-
ment for Indiana and Illinois. He died near Indian-
apolis, March 18, 1857.
Urowfif William H, — Born in Buffalo, New
York, in 1840 ; graduated at Union College in 1862 ;
became a lawyer, and settled in Kansas in 1862 ; was
elected Judge of the Ninth Judicial District of Kansas
in 1867 ; re-elected in 1872, and, in 1874, was elected
a Representative from Kansas to the Forty-fourth
Congress.
JBrotvne, George H, — Was born in Gloucester,
Rhode Island, in 1818 ; was left an orphan at an early
age, but managing to obtain a common-school educa-
tion by his own exertions, graduated at Brown Uni-
versity in 1840. He studied law, but, soon entering
into politics, was elected to both the Charter and Suf-
frage Legislatures of his State in 1842 ; was admitted
to the bar in 1844 ; was again elected to the Rhode
Island Legislature, and re-elected until 1852 ; during
that year he was appointed by President Pierce
United States Attorney for Rhode Island ; was re-ap-
pointed by President Buchanan, which office he held
until elected a Representative from Rhode Island to
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Elections. He was also a Delegate to the
Charleston and Baltimore Conventions, and to the
Peace Congress of 1861.
Broivnef John Ross, — He was born in Ireland,
in 1817. In his eighteenth year he descended the
Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, from Louisville to New
Orleans. He acquired the art of stenography, and
was for a time a reporter in Washington. In 1846,
after visiting a great portion of the world, he pub-
lished. " Etchings of a Whaling Cruise, with Notes
of a Sojourn on the Island of Zanzibar." He visited
California in 1849, on business for the Government ;
the Holy Land, in 1851 ; the Northern Countries of
Europe and Iceland, in 1861 ; and was appointed
Minister to China, in 1868. He was the author of
"An American Family in Germany ; " " Adventures in
the Apache Country ;" " Land of Thor ; " " Crusoe's
Island, with Sketches of California and Washoe ; "
and Yusef 's " Travels in the East." He was a man
of superior ability and high character. For the Gov-
ernment he prepared a very valuable Report on the
Mineral Resources of the country west of the Rocky
Mountains. Died in Oakland, California, December
8, 1875.
Browning f Orville II,—He was born in Har-
rison County, Kentucky ; after acquirmg a good
English education, he removed to Bracken County,
and while performing the duties of a clerk in the
office of the County and Circuit Clerk, went through
a course of classical studies at Augusta College. He
studied law, and, on being admitted to the bar in
1831, settled in Quincy, Illinois, where he subse-
quently resided. He served through the Black Hawk
War in 1832 ; in 1836 he was elected a Senator in the
Illinois Legislature, and served in that capacity four
years ; in 1840 he was elected to the Lower House,
serving two years ; and, in conjunction with his
friend Abraham Lincoln, he was mainly instrumental
in forming the Republican party of Illinois at the
Bloomington Convention. He was a Delegate to the
Chicago Convention of 1860, and was a warm sup-
porter of the Government during the Rebellion. On
the death of S. A. Douglas, in 1861, he was appointed
a Senator in Congress to fill the vacancy until the
subsequent election of W. A. Richardson, in 1863. On
the organization of the National Union Executive
Committee, in June, 1866, he became an active mem-
ber of the same ; and on the retirement of James
Harlan as Secretary of the Interior, on September 1,
1866, he entered President Johnson's Cabinet as
Secretary of the Interior Department. He was also
a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union
Convention" of 1866. On the resignation of Mr.
Stanbery as Attorney-General, in March, 1868, he
was designated by President Johnson to perform the
duties of that office, in addition to his own as Secre-
tary of the Interior Department. In 1869 he was
elected to the State Constitutional Convention.
SrotvnloWf TVilliam G, — He was born in
Wythe County, Virginia, August 29, 1805 ; in his
eighteenth year he removed to Abingdon, and ap-
prenticed himself to a house-carpenter, and on ob-
taining the trade entered the Methodist traveling
ministry ; removed to Tennessee in 1831 ; from 1837
to 1862, he published and edited a newspaper called
the Whig, at Knoxville ; having always been a sup-
porter of the Union, when the Rebellion began, he
was very severe in his denunciations ; for his bold-
ness and loyalty he was imprisoned, suffering greatly
in person and property ; was elected Governor of
Tennessee in 1865 ; re-elected in 1867 ; and in 1868,
was elected a Senator in Congress from Tennessee
for six years from 1869, serving on the Committees
on Pensions and Revolutionary Claims, having been
Chairman of the latter Committee until 1875. He
published a work on Methodism, entitled "The Iron
Wheel Examined and its False Spokes Extracted ; "
and the events of his political life were fully set
forth in volumes entitled " Debates on Slavery," and
"Sketches of Secession." After leaving the Senate
he returned to his old profession of journalism.
SroivrisoUf Nathan, — He graduated at Yale
College in 1761 ; studied medicine and practiced in
Liberty County, Georgia ; was a member of the Pro-
vincial Congress in 1775 ; was some time a surgeon
in the army ; Speaker of the Legislature of 1781, by
which body he was chosen Governor of Georgia ; was
a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to
1778 ; Speaker of the Georgia House of Representa-
tives in 1788 ; President of the Senate from 1789 to
1791 ; and in 1789 was a member of the Convention
that framed the State Constitution. He died in
Liberty County, Georgia, in November, 1796.
Bruce f B. K. — He was born, of slave parents,
in Prince Edward County, Virginia, March 1, 1841 ;
went to Mississippi in his boyhood ; subsequently re-
moved to Missouri, but returned to Mississippi in
1869. His education was limited, and while follow-
ing the occupation of a planter, he held the positions
of Serjeant-at-Arms of the State Senate for two
years, Sheriff and Tax Collector of Bolivar County
for four years, a Levee Commissioner for three years ;
and he was elected a Senator in Congress for the term
commencing in 1875, and ending in 1881.
Bruce f Phineas, — He was born June 17, 1763 ;
was a graduate of Yale College in 1786 ; was a mem-
ber of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1792, 1793,
1796, and 1800, and elected a Representative in Con-
gress from Massachusetts from 1803 to 1805. Died
October 4, 1809.
SruiUf JPeter Bryan, — He was appointed in
1798, by President Adams, one of the first United
States Judges for the Territory of Mississippi.
Brush, Henry, — He was born in Dutchess Coun-
ty, New York, and was a Representative in Congress
from Ohio from 1819 to 1821. He settled in Ohio in
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
00
1803 ; was a lawyer by profession ; a Judge of tlie
Supreme Court of Ohio ; and died January 19, 1855,
aged seventy-seven years.
SruyUf Andreiv D. W. — Born in New York,
and was elected a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1837 to 1838, and died at Ithaca in
July, 1838, before the expiration of his term.
Hryafif George, — Born in Dublin, Ireland, in
1731 ; came to America in early life ; engaged some
years in commercial pursuits in Philadelphia ; was a
member of the State Assembly, and in 1765 was a
member of the Stamp Act Congress, in which he took
an active part ; was Vice-President of the Supreme
Executive Council of Pennsylvania from the Declara-
tion of Independence, and in 1778 was made its Presi-
dent ; in 1779 was a member of the Legislature, when
he procured the passage of an act for the gradual
abolition of slavery. He was appointed a Judge of
the State Supreme Court in 1780, which office he held
until his death. In 1784 he was one of the Council of
Censors. He opposed the adoption of the Federal Con-
stitution. He died in Philadelphia, January 27, 1791.
Hryan, George S, — He was born in Penn-
sylvania ; received a liberal education, and settled in
Charleston, South Carolina ; and in 1866 he was ap-
pointed United States Judge for the District of that
State.
SryaUf Guy M* — Was born in Missouri, June
12, 1821 ; received a liberal education and studied
law ; bore a part in the military campaign of Texas
in 1836 ; in 1846 he went to the Rio Grande, under
General Taylor ; in 1847 was elected to the Texas
Legislature, and served in the House and Senate
seven years ; and was elected a Representative from
Texas to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Agriculture.
BryaUf Hetiry JET, — Born in Martin County,
North Carolina, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Tennessee from 1819 to 1823, and was a
member of the Committee on Private Land Claims.
He died in Montgomery County of that State in May,
1835.
Bryan, John A, — He was born in Massachu-
setts, and after holding a Clerkship in the General
Post Office, he was in 1842 appointed Second Assist-
ant Postmaster- General, holding the position about
one year. It was a son of his who was subsequently
connected with the Postal Service of the Empire of
Japan.
JBryaUf John A, — He was a citizen of Ohio, and
in 1844 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to Peru,
but remained there only about one year, when he re-
turned to the United States.
Bryan, John H, — He was born in Newbern
County, North Carolina, in 1798, and graduated at
the University of North Carolina in 1815. He was a
lawyer by profession ; served a number of years in
the State Legislature, and was a Member of Congress
from North Carolina from 1825 to 1827.
<
Bryan, Jose>ph, — He was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress from Georgia from 1803 to 1806.
Bryan, Joseph JET. — He was a Representative
in Congress from North Carolina from 1815 to 1819.
Bryan, Nathan, — Born in Jones County, North
Carolina, and in 1791 represented that county in the
House of Commons. He was a Member of Congress
from North Carolina from 1795 to 1798, and died at
Philadelphia, June 4, during the latter year. He was
a prominent man among the Baptists, and a most
exemplary Christian.
Bryant, William JP, — He was an early emi-
grant to Oregon when it was a Territory, and in 1849
he was appointed Chief Justice of the United States
Court for that District.
Bryde, Archibald M, — Born in Moore County,
North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1809 to 1813, and subsequently
a member of the State Senate for two years.
Buchanan, Andrew, — He was born in Penn-
sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1835 to 1839.
Buchanan, James, — Born in Franklin County,
Pennsylvania, April 23, 1791. After a regular course
of claasical education he studied and practiced law in
Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In 1814 he was elected to
the State Legislature of Pennsylvania, and re-elected
the next year. In 1821 he entered Congress as a Rep-
resentative from the Lancaster District, where he con-
tinued until 1831, when he declined a re-election. In
1832 he was appointed Minister to Russia by President
Jackson, and on his return from that mission in 1834,
he was elected by the Pennsylvania Legislature to the
Senate of the United States, to fill the unexpired term
of William Wilkins, who had resigned. He was re-
elected in 1837, and again in 1843. In 1845 he re-
signed his seat in the Senate, and became Secretary of
State, and the head of the Cabinet of President Polk.
At the close of that eventful administration he retired
to private life at his residence of " Wheatland," near
Lancaster ; but he was summoned again to the public
service in 1853, when he accepted the appointment
from President Pierce of Minister of the United
States to the Court of St. James. Having resigned
this office, he returned home in 1856, and in the sum-
mer of that year received the Democratic nomination
for President of the United States. In the following
November he was elected to that position, and in
March, 1857, he entered upon its duties, and served
until the commencement of the Rebellion in 1861. In
1865 he published a book giving a history of the close
of his administration. Died at Wheatland, Pennsyl-
vania, June 1, 1868.
Buchanan, James M, — He was a citizen of
Maryland, and was Minister Resident to Denmark
from 1858 to 1861.
Bucher, John C, — He was for many years a
Judge of the Circuit Court of Pennsylvania ; a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1831 to
1833 ; and died in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, October
26, 1851.
Buck, Alfred E, — Born at Foxcroft, Maine,
February 7, 1832 ; received an academic education ;
graduated at Waterville College in 1859 ; was princi-
pal of the high school at Lewiston in 1860 ; entered
the army in 1861 as Captain in Thirteenth Maine
Infantry ; was Lieutenant-Colonel of Ninety-first Col-
ored Troops in 1863 ; and of the Fifty-first Colored
Troops in 1864 ; was brevetted Colonel of Volunteers
for gallant conduct at the siege of Fort Blakely in
1865 ; was mustered out of service at Baton Rouge in
1866 ; a member of the Constitutional Convention of
Alabama in 1867 ; was appointed by General Pope
Clerk of the Circuit Court of Mobile County in 1867,
and was elected to the same office in 1868 ; was Presi-
dential Elector in 1868, and was elected to the Forty-
first Congress.
Buck, Daniel,— He was a lawyer by profession,
56
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
and one of the earliest settlers in Vermont ; was a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1795
to 1797, and died in 1817. He was the father of the
Hon. Daaiel A. A. Buck.
JBuckf Daniel Azro A. — He was born in Ver-
mont in 1789 ; graduated at Middlebury College in
1807 ; and also at the West Point Military Academy
in 1808, when he entered the army. He resigned his
commission in 1811 ; was re-appointed as a Captain in
the army in 1813, but finally left the military profes-
sion in 1815. He then established himself as a lawyer
at Chelsea, Vermont, and was for fourteen years a
member of the State Legislature, officiating about
half of that time as Speaker of the Lower House. He
filled the office of State Attorney for Orange County
for six years ; in 1821 he was a Presidential Elector ;
was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from
1823 to 1825, and again from 1827 to 1829 ; and was
subsequently connected with the Indian Bureau of the
War Department in Washington, where he died, De-
cember 24, 1841.
Suchalew, Charles JR. — Was born in Colum-
bia County, Pennsylvania, December 28, 1821 ; adopt-
ed the profession of law, and was admitted to practice
in 1843 ; was Prosecuting Attorney for his native
county from 1845 to 1847 ; was a Senator in the State
Legislature from 1850 to 1856 ; in 1854 he was a Com-
missioner to exchange the ratifications of a Treaty
with Paraguay ; was a Senatorial Presidential Elector
in 1856 ; in 1857 was Chairman of the State Demo-
cratic Committee, and during the same year was re-
elected to the State Senate, and also appointed a Com-
missioner to revise the Penal Code of Pennsylvania ;
in 1858 resigned the two latter positions, and was ap-
pointed by President Buchanan Resident Minister to
Ecuador, returning home in 1861. In 1863 he was
elected a Senator in Congress from Pennsylvania, by a
majority of one vote, for the term ending in 1869,
serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs, Post
Offices and Post Roads, Pensions, Mines and Mining,
Foreign Relations, Contingent Expenses of the Sen-
ate, and Retrenchment, and also Chairman of the
Committee on Ventilation. In 1869 he was elected to
the State Senate, and held other public positions in
Pennsylvania.
JBuc7cing7iai7tf William A, — He was born in
Lebanon, Connecticut, in 1804 ; received a common-
school education, but was brought up on his father's
farm ; at the age of twenty he entered a store in
Norwich, in which city he was eminently successful
as a merchant and in various kinds of manufacturing ;
he was elected Mayor of Norwich in 1849, 1850, 1856,
and 1857 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; in
1858 he was elected Governor of Connecticut, re-
elected for seven years, in which capacity he rendered
important services in raising and forwarding troops
during the progress of the Rebellion ; and he was
elected a Senator in Congress from Connecticut for six
years, for the term commencing in 1869 and ending
in 1875, serving on the Committees on Commerce,
Indian Affairs, Engrossed Bills, and several other im-
portant Committees. He died in Norwich in February,
1875, only a few weeks before the expiration of his
term. He was noted for his pure character and great
benevolence.
JBuchlandf Malph JP, — Born in Leyden, Mas-
sachusetts, January 20, 1812, and was removed to
Ohio in the same year ; was educated at Kenyon Col-
lege, but did not graduate ; studied law and came
to the bar in 1837 ; was elected to the Senate of
Ohio in 1855 and 1857, serving four years ; in 1861
was appointed Colonel of the Seventy-second Ohio
Infantry, and fought in the battle of Shiloh as the
commander of a brigade ; was made a Brigadier-Gen-
eral in the winter of 1862-'63, and in that capacity
fought at Vicksburg ; was subsequently in command
of the District of Memphis, and during his absence in
the field in 1864 was elected a Representative from
Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Banking and Currency, and on the
Militia. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
" Loyalists' Convention " of 1866, and of the "Sol-
diers' Convention," held at Pittsburg ; re-elected to
the Fortieth Congress.
Suckleyy Charles W, — Born in Otsego
County, New York, February 8, 1835 ; was educated
at the Union Theological Seminary of New York ;
served as a Chaplain in the Union Army during a
part of the Rebellion ; was subsequently an Assistant
Superintendent of the Freedmen's Bureau ; was a
Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of
1867 ; and was elected a Representative from Alabama
to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee
on the Navy Department.
Sucknerf Aleocander. — He emigrated from
Indiana to Missouri in 1818 ; was a member of the
Convention which fonned the Constitution of that
State ; served several years in the State Legislature ;
and was a Senator in Congress from Missouri from
1831 to 1833, and died in May, 1833. His term would
have expired in 1837. He was a member of the Com-
mittees on Pensions and Engrossed Bills.
Biicknerf Aylett Hatves. — He was born in
Fredericksburg, Virginia ; educated at Georgetown
College, and at the University of Virginia ; taught
school and studied law ; emigrated to Missouri in
1837 ; elected in 1841 Clerk of the County Probate
Court of Pike County ; in 1850 removed to St.
Louis and practiced his profession ; was chosen
Attorney for the Bank of the State of Missouri in
1852 ; in 1854 was appointed Commissioner of Public
Works ; in 1857 elected Judge of the Third Judicial
Circuit ; in 1861 was one of the Delegates to the
Peace Congress ; and was elected to the Forty-third
and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Com-
mittee on Private Land Claims. In December, 1875,
he was appointed Chairman of the Committee on the
District of Columbia.
JBucknerf Aylitt, — Was born in Greensburg,
Green County, Kentucky ; educated at New Athens
Seminary in that town ; was a member of the House
of Representatives of the State in 1842 to 1843 ; and
was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from
1847 to 1849.
JBuckner, Michard A, — Born in Fauquier
County, Virginia, 1763 ; was a Representative in
Congress from Kentucky from 1823 to 1829 ; a Presi-
dential Elector in 1841 ; and died at his residence in
Greensburg, Kentucky, December 8, 1847.
JBuelf Alexander H, — Born in Fairfield, Herki-
mer County, New York ; received a limited educa-
tion ; was a prominent and successful merchant ; and
a Representative in Congress from New York from
1850 until the time of his death, which occurred in
Washington City, January 30, 1853.
Huelf Alexander W, — Was born in Rutland
County, Vermont, in 1813 ; graduated at Middlebury
College in 1830 ; taught school for several years in
Vermont and New York, during which period he
prepared himself for the practice of the law. In 1834
he took up his residence in Michigan ; in 1836 was
Attorney for the city of Detroit ; in 1837 was elected
to the State Legislature ; in 1843 and 1844 was Pros-
ecuting Attorney for Wayne County ; in 1847 was
again elected to the Legislature ; and from 1849 to
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
57
1851 was a Representative in Congress from Michi-
gan, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign
Affairs. Died in Detroit, April 17, 1868.
JBuffingfoUf Joseph, — He was born in Penn-
sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1843 to 1847.
JBtiffiuf/ton^ Joseph, — He was appointed in
1850 Chief Justice of the United States Court in
Utah, and was the first who held that position.
Utiffintoiif tfatnes, — Born in Fall River, Mas-
sachusetts, March 16, 1817 ; educated at the Friends'
College, Providence ; served for a time in a factory at
Fall River ; studied medicine, and went upon a
whaling voyage ; afterwards became a merchant by
occupation ; was Mayor of the city of Fall River
during the years 1854 and 1855 ; and was elected a
Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a mem-
ber of the Committee on Military Affairs. He was
also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving
as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs.
Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Accounts. In March,
1867, he was appointed by President Johnson, a Col-
lector of Internal Revenue for Massachusetts. He
was re-elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, Forty-
third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, and died at Fall
River, July 7, 1875.
Siiffunif Joseph, Jr, — He was born in Fitch-
burg, Massachusetts, September 23, 1784 ; graduated
at Dartmouth College in 1807, and adopted the pro-
fession of law ; and was a Representative in Congress
from New Hampshire from 1819 to 1821, and a mem-
ber of the Committees on Expenditures in the Navy
Department and on Public Buildings.
Utigg, Robert W, — He was born in Tennessee,
and was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee
from 1853 to 1855.
Sulfinchf Charles, — He was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, in 1763 ; graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1781 ; studied architecture and visited
Europe ; in 1793 built the first theatre in Boston, also
the State House, Faneuil Hall, the Court House, as
well as churches and other buildings, to the number
of forty, not only in Boston, but in other New England
cities. He was the architect of the National Capitol
from 1817 until 1830, and brought it to a state of com-
pletion, after which he returned to Boston, where he
died in 1844. The rotunda of the Capitol, though
designed by B. H. Latrobe, was constructed by Charles
Bulfinch.
Sully John, — He was a Delegate from South
Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1784 to
1787.
Hully John, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Missouri from 1833 to 1835.
Sullardf Henry Adams, — Born in Groton,
Massachusetts, September 9, 1781 ; he was educated
at Harvard University, and graduated in 1807. He
was a lawyer by profession, but his knowledge of the
modern languages brought him in contact with Gen-
eral Toledo, in Philadelphia, who was organizing an
expedition to revolutionize New Mexico. He joined
him as his Aid and Military Secretary, and spent the
winter of 1812 with him at Nashville, and accom-
panied him into New Mexico in the spring. They
were defeated in a pitched battle by the royal troops
at San Antonio, and suffered severe hardships, but
he managed to reach Natchitoches, and there re-
mained and commenced the practice of his prof ession.
In 1822 he was elected to a seat on the District Court
Bench, and performed its duties for several years. In
1831 he was chosen a Representative in Congress from
Louisiana, and served till 1834 ; he was then elevated
to the Supreme Bench of Louisiana, and filled the
office until 1846, with the exception of a few months
in 1839, when he acted as Secretary of State. He
then removed to New Orleans. In 1847 he was ap-
pointed Professor of the Civil Law in the Law School
of Louisiana, and delivered two courses of lectures.
In 1850 he was elected to the Legislature, and a few
weeks after was chosen to fill a vacancy in Congress
occasioned by the resignation of C. M. Conrad, and
served again in the House of Representatives one
year. On his return journey homeward he was pros-
trated by fatigue and exposure ; he lingered three
weeks, and died in New Orleans, April 17, 1851.
JBidlittf Alexander Scott, — Born in Prince
William County, Virginia, in 1761 ; emigrated to
Kentucky in 1784 ; was a Delegate to the Consti-
tutional Convention of 1792 ; was President of the
Kentucky Senate for several years ; in 1799 was Pres-
ident of the Convention to amend the State Constitu-
tion ; Lieutenant-Governor from 1800 to 1804 ; and
again in the Legislature till 1808. Died in Jefferson
County, Kentucky, April 13, 1816.
JBullitty George, — He was born in Kentucky;
was a Judge of the United States Court for the Terri-
tory of Missouri, appointed by President Madison in
1814, holding the office until the establishment of the
State Government.
JSullochf James H, — He was a native of Rhode
Island, and appointed a Judge of the United States
Court for that District.
Sidlochf William S, — Born in Georgia in
1776 ; was a lawyer by profession, being' a prominent
member of the bar as early as 1800. In 1809 he was
Mayor of Savannah, and subsequently Collector of
that port. He was United States Senator from Geor-
gia in 1S13, by appointment, but was superseded by
W. B. Bibb ; and in 1816 was chosen President of the
Bank of Georgia, of which he was one of the founders,
and held the oifice twenty-seven years. He died in
Savannah, Georgia, March 6, 1852.
JSullockf Alexander Hamilton, — Born at
Royalston, Massachusetts, March 2, 1816 ; graduated
at Amherst College in 1836 ; admitted to the bar in
1841 ; was a member of the Legislature in 1845, 1847,
1848, 1861, and 1862 ; Mayor of Worcester in 1859 ;
State Senator in 1849 ; Commissioner of Insolvency
in 1853 ; Judge of Insolvency from 1856 to 1858 ;
Governor of Massachusetts from 1866 to 1869 ; re-
ceived the degree of LL.D. from Harvard University
in 1866. He published several addresses and speeches.
Bulloch, Archibald, — He was a Delegate from
Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1775 to
1776.
Bulloch, Bufus B,—Be was elected Governor
of Georgia in 1869, and remained in office until 1872.
Bullock f Stephen, — Born in Massachusetts ;
was a member of the Convention which formed the
Constitution of that State ; frequently served in the
State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Massachusetts from 1797 to 1799. He
subsequently became Judge of the Common Pleas for
Bristol County, and served in the State Senate and as
a member of the Executive Council of Massachusetts.
He died in 1816, in Massachusetts, aged eighty-one
years. .
58
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Hulloch, Wingfield. — Was elected a member
of the Kentucky Senate from Shelby County from
1813 to 1814 ; resigned in 1813 ; was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Kentucky for the years
1820 and 1821, but died October 13, 1821, before tak-
ing his seat.
Sunchf Samuel* — Was born in 1786. He com-
manded a regiment in the Indian War, under Gene-
ral Andrew Jackson, and, in the charge of the battle
of the Horseshoe, was the first or second man over
the breastworks of the enemy. He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Tennessee from 1883 to 1837 ;
and died in Granger County, Tennessee, September
5, 1849.
JBtmdyf Hezehiah S, — Born in Marietta, Ohio,
August 15, 1817 ; received a plain education, and his
father having been killed by the falling of a tree when
he was a mere boy, he took upon himself the support
of the family ; was in the mercantile business as
clerk and proprietor from 1835 to 1846 ; after that he
turned his attention to farming, and in 1854 became
connected with the furnace business. During all
these avocations he studied law, and came to the bar
in 1850 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1848 ;
re-elected in 1850 ; in 1855 chosen a State Senator ;
was a Presidential Elector in 1860, and in 1864 he
was elected a Representative from Ohio to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees
on Manufactures and Weights and Measures. He
was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists'
Convention " of 1866. Re-elected to the Forty-third
Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee on
Mileage.
HunneVf Rudolph, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829, and
died at Otsego, July 23, 1837, aged fifty-eight years.
JBur chard f Horatio C — Born in Marshall,
Oneida County, New York, September 22, 1825 ;
graduated at Hamilton College, New York, 1850 ;
studied law ; engaged in mercantile business ; was
School Commissioner in Stephenson County, Illinois
from 1857 to 1860 ; was a member of the Legislature
in 1863, 1864, 1865, and 1860 ; elected to the Forty-
first and Forty-second Congresses, and was re-elected
to the Forty-third, serving on the Committee on
Ways and Means.
JBur char df 3Iotthew, — He was born in Massa-
chusetts, and in 1840 was appointed Solicitor of the
Treasury, remaining in office until 1841.
Bur char df Samuel D, — Born in Leyden,
Lewis County, New York, July 17, 1836 ; removed
with his father to Wisconsin in 1845 ; was educated
at Madison University, in New York, but was pre-
vented from graduating on account of his health ;
engaged in the manufacturing of woolen goods ; was
a Lieutenant in the Missouri Militia during the Rebel-
lion ; was appointed a Captain in the Volunteer ser-
vice, and as Quartermaster was assigned to duty in
New York, where he had charge of the purchase of
forage for the seaboard armies ; mustered out of ser-
vice as a Major ; returned to Wisconsin, and elected
to the State Senate in 1872, and in 1874 a Representa-
tive from Wisconsin to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Surdf George, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1831 to 1835, and
died at Bedford, Pennsylvania, January 13, 1844,
aged fifty years.
Surdettf Samuel S, — He was born in Leices-
tershire, England, February 21, 1836 ; emigrated to
Ohio in 1848 ; was educated at Oberlin College ;
removed to Clinton County, Iowa, in 1857 ; studied
law, and came to the bar in 1858 ; in 1861 he entered
the Volunteer army as a private, and before the
close of his term of enlistment, in 1864, he was pro-
moted to a Captain ; was a Presidential Elector in
1864 from Iowa ; in 1865 he emigrated to St. Clair
County, Missouri ; in 1866 he was made Circuit At-
torney for the Seventh Judicial District ; he was a
Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868 ; and was
elected a Representative from Missouri to the Forty-
first Congress, serving on the Committees on Educa-
tion and Labor, and Elections. In 1874 he was
appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office
in Washington, and still retains the position.
BurgeSf Tristant, — Born in Plymouth County,
Massachusetts, February 26, 1770, and died in Rhode
Island, October 13, 1853. He graduated at the Rhode
Island College in 1796 ; studied law and taught school
at the same time ; commenced the practice of his
profession in Providence, and acquired great influence
and distinction as an advocate ; in 1818 was elected
Chief Justice of Rhode Island ; occupied the Chair of
Oratory in Brown University : and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Rhode Island from 1825 to
1835. He acquired great reputation by a parliament-
ary contest with John Randolph, and left behind him
many interesting pamphlets on political and literary
subjects. His characteristics as a debater were
withering sarcasm, combined with fervid eloquence
and rare reasoning power.
Burgess, Dempsey, — He was a member of the
Provincial Congress of North Carolina ; a Lieuten-
ant-Colonel of the Militia ; and a Representative in
Congress from North Carolina from 1795 to 1798.
BurlcCf Edanus, — He was born in Galway,
Ireland, and came to America at the beginning of the
Revolution. In 1778 he was appointed a Judge of the
Supreme Court of South Carolina, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1789 to 1791.
He was an earnest Republican, and died at Charles-
ton, March 30, 1802, aged fifty-nine years. He pub-
lished a pamphlet against the Order of the Cincinnati ;
and, because he would not resign his judgeship on
being elected to Congress, the Legislature passed a
law prohibiting any State Judge from leaving the
State, and he resigned his seat in Congress.
BurkCf Edmund, — Born in Westminster, Ver-
mont, January 23, 1809 ; was educated by private
tutors ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1829 ; and removed to New Hampshire in 1833, where
he established, in Sullivan County, the J^ew Hamp-
shire Argus, which he edited a number of years. He
was a Representative in Congress from New Hamp-
shire from 1839 to 1845, and was Chairman of the
Committee on the Library, and a member of the Com-
mittees on Commerce and Claims ; and, by President
Polk, was appointed Commissioner of Patents in
Washington. He was also a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia " National Union Convention " of 1866.
JSurkCy Thomas, — He was born in Ireland in
1747 ; when about seventeen years of age he left Ire-
land and settled in Accomac County, Virginia, where
he resided some years, engaged in the study and
practice of medicine. He subsequently changed his
profession for that of law, removed to Norfolk and
practiced. In 1772 he removed to Hillsborough, Orange
County, North Carolina. In 1776 he was a member
of the Provincial Congress at Halifax, and a volun-
teer at the battle of Brandywine. He first attracted
public attention in Virginia by his writings in opposi-
tion to the Stamp Act, and in North Carolina partici-
pated in the formation of the Constitution for that
State. He was a Delegate to the Continental Con-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
01;
gress from 1777 to 1781. In the latter year lie was
chosen Governor of North Carolina. While in that
position he was seized by the Tories as a prisoner of
State, and, being transferred to Charleston, he was
sent by General Leslie to James' Island on parole,
where he was detained as a hostage ; and, becoming
exasperated, after four months' imprisonment, he de-
termined to escape, in which purpose he was success-
ful. He addressed a letter to General Leslie, inform-
ing him of his reasons for withdrawing, but consid-
ered himself subject to the disposal of the British
authority. An exchange was effected by General
Greene, and he returned to his position as Governor.
He retired from public life the next year, and died
near Hillsborough, December 3, 1783.
Hiif'leighf John H, — He was born in South Ber-
wick, Maine, October 9, 1822 ; received an academic
education ; went to sea at the age of sixteen ; com-
manded a ship on foreign voyages seven years ; left
the sea in 1853 and engaged in manufacturing ; was a
member of the State House of Representatives in 1862,
1864, 1866, and 1872 ; Delegate at large to the Nation-
al Republican Convention at Baltimore in 1864, and
was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Con-
gresses, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs.
JBiirleighf Walter A. — He was a Delegate from
the Territory of Dakota to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.
Siirleighf Williajn. — He was born in Rocking-
ham, New Hampshire, bred a lawyer, and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from South Berwick, York
County, Maine, for two terms, from 1823 to 1827, and
was a member of the Committee on Expenditures in
the State Department. Died in July, 1827.
Biirlingaine^ Anson, — Born in New Berlin,
Chenango County, New York, November 14, 1822.
His youth was spent on the Western frontiers, at one
time acting with surveying parties, and at another
participating in the making of Indian treaties, far
beyond the confines of civilization. He laid the
foundation of his education at the Branch Univer-
sity of Michigan, but, removing to Massachusetts, he
entered Harvard University, where he received a de-
gree in 1846. He studied law and practiced in
Boston. In 1852 he was elected to the State Senate,
and in 1853 was a member of the Convention for
revising the Constitution of Massachusetts. He was
elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress ; was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, serving as
a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He
was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth C/Ongress, serv-
ing on the same Committee. In 1861 he was ap-
pointed by President Lincoln Minister to Austria, and
subsequently to China, which latter position he re-
signed in 1867 to accept a diplomatic appointment
from China to the European Powers, as well as to the
United States. Died in St. Petersburg, Russia, Feb-
ruary 23, 1870.
Uttmell^ JBarker. — He was a native of Nan-
tucket. When only twenty-two years of age he was
chosen a member of the House of Representatives in
his native Commonwealth. A few years later he
passed into the Senatorial body, where, in spite of his
youth, he became a leading member. He sat also in
the Convention which framed the present Constitution
of Massachusetts ; took an active part in the Harris-
burg Convention of 1840 ; and served as a Represent-
ative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1841 to
1843. He died in Washington, District of Columbia,
June 4, 1843, aged forty-five years.
Surnetf tfacoh, — Was born in Newark, New
Jersey, on February 22, 1770. He was a graduate
of Princeton College in 1791 ; was admitted to the
bar by the Supreme Court of New Jersey in 1796,
and removed to Cincinnati immediately thereafter,
where he continued to reside until his death. He
was a member of the first Legislative Council of
Ohio in 1799. During the first twenty years of that
residence he devoted himself to the practice of his
profession, and was ranked among the most distin-
guished members of the bar. When the second
grade of the Territorial Government was established,
in 1799, he was appointed by President Adams a mem-
ber of the Legislative Council, which appointment he
held till the establishment of the State Govern-
ment of Ohio, in the winter of 1802-'03. He was
a member of the State Legislature during the War
of 1812, and took an active part in sustaining the
measures proposed in that body to aid the General
Government in maintaining the contest. In 1821 he
was appointed one of the Judges of the Supreme
Court of Ohio, which commission he resigned in
December, 1828, and was immediately afterwards
elected to the Senate of the United States, to fill the
vacancy occasioned by the resignation of his friend
General Harrison, serving until 1831. In the same
year he was chosen by the Legislature of the State
of Kentucky one of the Commissioners to settle
the matters in controversy between that State and
the Commonwealth of Virginia, in regard to the
complaints of the latter against the statute of
limitation. He was the first President of the As-
tronomical Society of Cincinnati, and still continued,
in 1852, an active member of that institution. He
was for many years the President of the Colonization
Society of Hamilton County, President of the Board
of Trustees of the Medical College of Ohio, and
President of the Board of Trustees of the Cincinnati
College, and, upon the nomination by Lafayette, had
been elected a member of the French Academy. In
1847 he published a volume entitled "Notes on the
Early Settlement of the North-western Territory,"
which is considered as containing much interesting
infonnation, especially as to Ohio, the progress of
which he witnessed from a Territory. He died at
Cincinnati in 1853.
Humetff Franh C, — Born in Wyoming County,
Pennsylvania, March 19, 1842 ; received an academic
education ; left college to enlist in the Fifty-second
Pennsylvania Volunteers ; promoted, and, after serv-
ing through the peninsular campaign, was discharged
in 1863, on a surgeon's certificate of disability ; was
in mercantile pursuits from 1864 to 1869, and has
since been engaged in banking. Was elected for the
unexpired term of U. S. Mercur, resigned.
l^iirnettf Henry C — Born in Essex County, Vir-
ginia, October 5, 1825 ; studied law as a profession,
practiced law in Kentucky ; was Clerk in the Circuit
Court of Trigg County, in that State, from 1851 to
1853, and a Representative in the Thirty-fourth and
Thirty-fifth Congresses. He was Chairman, during
the first session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, of
the Committee of Inquiry in regard to the sale of
Fort Snelling, and a member of the Committee on
the District of Columbia. Re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, and also to the Thirty-seventh, but
was expelled for treasonable conduct in December,
1861, and took part in the Rebellion. Died of cholera
near Hopkinton, Kentucky, October 1, 1866.
Burn eft f Peter IT, — He was an early emigrant
to Oregon, and in 1849 was appointed a Judge of the
United States Court for that Territory ; and had pre-
viously been a Judge of the Supreme Court in Cali-
fornia, as well as Governor of the same.
Burnett f Willia/in,—Re graduated at Princeton
College in 1749, and was a Delegate from New
60
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Jersey to the Continental Congress in 1780 and 1781.
Died in 1791.
Burnham, Alfred A, — Born in Windham,
Windham County, Connecticut, March 8, 1819 ; pre-
pared himself for college at the Suffield Literary
Institution ; taught school for a while, and spent one
year at Washington College, which he left for want of
means ; studied -law, and was admitted to the bar in
1843 ; was elected to the Connecticut Legislature in
1844 and 1845 ; was Clerk of the State Senate in
1847 ; and was subsequently appointed Judge of
Probate for the District of Danbury. In 1850 he was
again elected to the State Legislature ; in 1857 Lieu-
tenant-Governor of Connecticut ; in 1858 again elected
to the Legislature, and made Speaker ; and in 1859
was elected a Representative from. Connecticut to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Com-
mittee on Patents. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, serving on Committee on Foreign Affairs.
Burnham, Curtis F, — He was born in Rich-
mond, Kentucky, May 24, 1820 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1840 ; at the Transylvania Law School in
1842, receiving the degree of LL.B. ; adopted the
profession of law ; was elected to the State Legisla-
ture, and, in 1852, a Presidential Elector ; was an un-
successful candidate for the United States Senate in
1863 ; from 1870 to 1875 he was Cashier of the Farm-
ers' National Bank of Richmond ; and in April, 1875,
he was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.
In 1846 he received the degree of A.M. from Yale
College, and in 1873 that of LL.D. from the Central
College of Kentucky.
BtirnSf tToseph, — Born in Waynesborough, Au-
gusta County, Virginia, March 11, 1800 ; was edu-
cated at the Ohio Union Schools ; was by trade a
hatter, and then a farmer ; filled various County and
State offices ; and was elected from the State of Ohio
a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress.. He
was a member of the Committees on Expenditures in
the Post Office Department and on Invalid Pensions.
BtirnSf Robert, — He was born in New Hamp-
shire ; served three years in the State Legislature as
Senator and Representative, and was a Representative
in Congress from New Hampshire from 1833 to 1837.
Died at Plymouth, New Hampshire, June 20, 1866.
Burnsidef Ambrose E» — Born in Liberty,
Union County, Indiana, May 23, 1824 ; graduated at
West Point in 1847 ; served as an officer of artillery
ynth credit on the frontiers ; in 1853 resigned his
commission, and turned his attention to the manufac-
ture of guns, and invented the rifle which bears his
name. He was for a time associated with George B.
McClellan in business at Chicago, but was a citizen of
New York in 1861. During the whole progress of
the war he was constantly on duty, participated in
many battles, became greatly distinguished, and at-
tained the highest honors and titles of the service.
His services as a General will always be treasured in
the military history of his country. In 1866 he was
elected Governor of Rhode Island, and in 1875 took his
seat in the Senate of the United States for the term
ending in 1881, serving on various important commit-
tees.
Burnsidef TJiomas, — Was an Associate Judge
of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and was a
Representative in Congress from that State from
1815 to 1816, when he resigned. He died at German-
town, Pennsylvania, March 25, 1827.
Burr, Aaron, — He was born in Newark, New
Jersey, February 6, 1756. He graduated at Prince-
ton College in 1772, at the age of sixteen ; in
1775, in his twentieth year, he joined the American
army under Washington, at Cambridge ; accom-
panied General Arnold as a private soldier in his
expedition against Quebec ; after his arrival there
he acted as an Aid-de-camp to General Montgomery ;
and, on his return, in 1776, General Washington in-
vited him to join his family at headquarters. Some
circumstances soon took place by which he forever
lost the confidence of Washington, and the hostility
of the former to the latter, from that time, was undis-
guised and unmitigated. In 1777 he was appointed
Lieutenant-Colonel, and distinguished himself as an
able and brave officer ; but in March, 1779, he was,
on account of the state of his health, compelled to
resign his office and retire from military life. He
then devoted himself to the study of law ; com-
menced practice at Albany in 1782, but soon removed
to the city of New York ; he became distinguished
in his profession ; was appointed Attorney -General
of New York in 1789 ; from 1791 to 1797 he was
a member of the United States Senate, and bore
a conspicuous part as a leader of the Democratic
or Republican party. At the election of President of
the United States for the fourth Presidential term
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr had each seventy-
three votes, and the choice was decided by Congress,
on the thirty-sixth ballot, in favor of Jefferson for
President and Burr for Vice-President. On the 12th
of July, 1804, Colonel Burr gave Alexander Hamilton,
long his professional rival and political opponent, a
mortal wound in a duel. He soon after conceived the
project of his enterprise in the Western country of
the United States, for which he was at length appre-
hended and brought to Richmond, in August, 1807,
on a charge of treason, and after a long trial was ac-
quitted. He afterwards returned to the city of New
York, practiced law to some extent, but passed the
remainder of his life in comparative obscurity and
neglect. He was of small stature, yet he had a lofty
mien, a military air, a remarkably brilliant eye, and
a striking appearance. He j)ossessed distinguished
talents and many accomplishments. He died on
Staten Island, New York, September 14, 1836, and
his life was published in 1838 by Matthew L. Davis.
Burr, Albert G, — He was born in Illinois in
1829 ; received a good English education ; adopted
the profession of law ; was elected to the Illinois
Legislature in 1861 ; was a member of the State Con-
stitutional Convention of 1862, and author of the ad-
dress accompanying the Constitution to the people ;
re-elected in 1863, and in 1866 he was elected a Repre-
sentative from Illinois to the Fortieth and Forty-first
Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revolution-
ary Invalid Pensions, Elections, and War Department.
Burrellf «/". W, — He was a native of Pennsylva-
nia, and was appointed a Judge of the United States
Court for the Territory of Kansas.
Burrittf JTatnes, — He was born in Providence,
Rhode Island, April 25, 1772 ; graduated at Brown
University in 1788 ; studied law, devoted himself to
its practice, and was Attorney-General of the State
of Rhode Island from 1797 to 1813 ; was a member
and Speaker of the Assembly in 1814 ; and was Chief
Justice of the State in 1816, He was elected to the
United States Senate in 1816, and served as a member
of the Committees on the Judiciary, on Commerce,
on Manufactures, and on Accounts. He died at
Washington, before the expiration of his term, De-
cember 25, 1820. He was considered an able scholar
and a wise judge.
Burroughs, Silas M, — He was born in New
York ; served four years in the Legislature of that
State, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-
fifth Congress from New York, and was a member
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
61
of the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was re-
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and died at Me-
dina, New York, June 3, 1860.
JSurroivSf Daniel, — He was born in Groton,
Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress
from Connecticut from 1821 to 1823.
Hurrotvs, Juliiis C. — Was born in North East,
Erie County, Pennsylvania, January 9, 1837 ; by pro-
fession a lawyer ; and was elected to the Forty-third
Congress from the State of Michigan, serving on the
Committee on Claims, and as Chairman of that on the
Navy Department.
Hiirroivs, Lorenzo, — ^He was born in Connecti-
cut, and was a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1849 to 1853 ; and in 1855 he was elected
Comptroller of New York.
JBurt, A-vmistead, — He was born in South Car-
olina, received a liberal education, adopted the pro-
fession of law, and was a Representative in Congress
from South Carolina from 1843 to 1853. During a
part of the Thirtieth Congress he officiated as Speak-
er of the House of Representatives. Was a Delegate
to the New York Convention of 1868.
JSiirtf Francis, — He was born in Pendleton,
South Carolina, in 1809 ; received a good education ;
in 1853 he was appointed Third Auditor of the Treas-
ury, by President Pierce ; resigned that office in 1854,
to accept the Governorship of Nebraska ; and two
weeks after his arrival in that Territory he died, at
Bellevue, October 18, 1854.
Sttrton^ Allan A, — He was a citizen of Ken-
tucky, and in 1861 was appointed Minister Resident
to the Republic of Colombia, where he remained un-
til 1867. In 1871 he was appointed Secretary to the
Commission that visited the Dominican Republic.
JBurton, Hutchins G, — He was born in Gran-
ville County, North Carolina ; studied law ; in 1810
represented Mecklenburg in the State Legislature,
and, in 1816, the County of Halifax ; was for several
years Attorney-General of the State. He served as a
Representative in Congress from North Carolina
from 1819 to 1824, and was a member of the Com-
mittees on the Judiciary and Military Affairs ; he was
then elected Governor of North Carolina, from 1824
to 1827. He died in Iredell County, April 21, 1836.
JBurton, Robert, — He was a Delegate from
North Carolina to the Continental Congress from
1787 to 1788.
Hurton^ William, — He was born in Delaware,
and elected Governor of that State in 1859, holding
the office until 1863.
Surwellf William A, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Virginia from 1806 to 1821.
Died February 16, 1821, in Washington City, before the
expiration of his term. ^
Dtisbi/f George H, — He was born in Darstown,
Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, July 10,
1794. In 1810 he removed with his father to Ohio,
where he acquired a knowledge of the cabinet-mak-
ing business and devoted himself to farming. In
1824 he was appointed Clerk of the Court of Com-
mon Pleas and of the Supreme Court, and subse-
quently a Recorder of Deeds in the County of Marion ;
and he was a Representative in Congress from 1851 to
1853 from Ohio.
Hushyheadf tfesse, — He was a Cherokee, a
self-made man, and acquired great distinction among
his tribe, and filled many public trusts ; was Chief
Justice of the Cherokees ; and died at the Mission in
the Cherokee Nation, West, July 17, 1844.
JSusteedf Hichard, — He was born in Ireland,
became a citizen of New York city, entered into poli-
tics, and in 1864 was appointed United States Judge
for the District Court of Alabama, residing in Mont-
gomery.
Butler, Andrew Pickens, — He was bom in
Edgefield District, South Carolina, November 19, ^
1796. He graduated at South Carolina College in
1817, studied law, and came to the bar in 1818 ; be-
came a member of the Legislature when quite a
young man, and was appointed in 1835 one of the
Judges of the General Sessions of Common Pleas,
which office he held until 1847, when he was ap-
pointed by the Executive to fill the vacancy in the
United States Senate caused by the death of Mr.
McDuffie. He was subsequently elected and re-elected
to the same position, and was in this office at the
time of his death, which occurred at his home, May
25, 1857. He was a statesman of ability and influ-
ence ; was a relative of Preston S. Brooks ; and it
was because of remarks made about him in debate,
by Charles Sumner, that Mr. Brooks made a personal
assault upon Mr. Sumner.
JBtUler, Anthony, — He was a citizen of Mis-
sissippi, and from 1829 to 1836 he was Charge d' Af-
faires to Mexico, returning to the United States in the
latter year.
Butler, Benjamin Franklin, — He was born
in Kinderhook, New York, December 14, 1795 ; stud-
ied law with Martin Van Buren, and after his ad-
mission to the bar, in 1817, became the law partner
of his law preceptor ; in 1821 he was appointed Dis-
trict Attorney for the city of Albany ; in 1824 he was
appointed one of three lawyers to revise the laws of
New York ; in 1827 he was elected to the State Legis-
lature ; in 1829 he was appointed a Regent of the
New York University, resigning the position in 1832 ;
in 1833 he was appointed a Commissioner to settle a
dispute between the States of New York and New
Jersey ; in November of the same year he went into
President Jackson's Cabinet as Attorney-General, and
continued in the office one year with President Van
Buren ; from October, 1836, to March, 1837, he offici-
ated as Secretary of War : in 1845 he was a Presiden-
tial Elector, and he was subsequently twice appointed
United States Attorney for the Southern District of
New York. In October, 1858, he went to Europe for
the improvement of his health, and in a few weeks
thereafter he died at Paris. From his funeral ser-
mon, preached in New York city by the Rev. Dr.
William B. Sprague, we learn that he was a man of
superior ability and high character.
Butler, Benjamin Franklin, — He was born
in South Deerfield, New Hampshire, November 5,
1818 ; his grandfather, Zephaniah, having been an
officer in the Revolution, and his father, John, having
served under General Jackson at New Orleans. He
graduated at Waterville College in 1838 ; studied
law, and on being admitted to the bar settled in
Lowell, Massachusetts, practicing his profession in
that city and in Boston ; in 1853 he was elected to the
State Legislature, and was subsequently a member
of the Convention to revise the State Constitution ; in
1859 he was elected to the State Senate ; in 1860 was
a Delegate to the Charleston Convention ; in 1861 was
appointed a Brigadier-General, and entered actively-
into the war movements ; before the close of that
year he was made a Major-General, serving as such
in New Orleans and various other portions of the
62
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
rebellious States ; at the conclusion of the Rebellion
he resumed his profession of law in Lowell, and in
1866 he was elected a Representative from Massa-
chusetts to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Ordnance and Appropriations, and as
Chairman of the Special Committee on the Assassina-
tion of President Lincoln ; and he was one of the
Managers in the Impeachment Trial of Andrew John-
son. Re-elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and
Forty -third Congresses, serving as Chairman of Com-
mittees on the Judiciary and Reconstruction.
JButler, Chester, — Born in Wilkesbarre, Lu-
zerne County, Pennsylvania, in March, 1798 ; gradua-
ted at Princeton College in 1817 ; read law at the
Litchfield School, and was admitted to the bar in
1820. He served three terms in the Legislature of
Pennsylvania ; was a Representative in Congress,
from Pennsylvania, from 1845 to 1850, and was a
member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims.
He died in Philadelphia, October 5, 1850.
Butler, David, — He was elected Governor of
Nebraska in 1867, having been the first elected to
that office, and he served one year.
Sutler f Ezra, — He left Weathersfield, "Vermont,
in September, 1786, and settled in Waterbury ; he
was a statesman of the Jeffersonian school ; was a
member of the Assembly eleven years ; and member
of the Council fifteen years ; first Judge of Chitten-
don County Court, from 1803 to 1806, and Chief Jus-
tice, from 1806 to 1811 ; Chief Justice of Jefferson
County from 1814 to 1826 ; Representative in Con-
gress from 1813 to 1815 ; member of the Vermont
Constitutional Convention in 1822 ; and Governor of
that State from 1826 to 1828 ; making fifty-three
years of public service. He died in Waterbury, July
19, 1838, aged seventy-six.
J^utler, tfosiah, — Born in Rockingham County,
New Hampshire, in 1780, and died at Deerfield, Octo-
ber 29, 1854. He graduated at Harvard University in
1803 ; studied law in Virginia, and practiced it in his
native State. He was repeatedly elected to the State
Legislature ; was a County Sheriff, and a Clerk of the
Courts. He was elected a Representative in Congress
from New Hampshire, in 1817, and served in that
capacity until 1823, officiating as Chairman of the
Committee on Agriculture during the Seventeenth
Congress. He was then appointed Judge of the Su-
perior Court of New Hampshire, which he held until
the office was abolished.
Sutler f Fierce, — He came of the family of the
Dukes of Ormond, in Ireland. Before the Revolution
he was a Major in a British regiment in Boston, but
afterwards attached himself to the republican insti-
tutions of America. In 1787 he was a Delegate from
South Carolina to the old Congress ; in 1788, a mem-
ber of the Convention which framed the Constitution
of the United States, having signed the same ; and,
under it, was one of the first Senators from South
Carolina, and remained in Congress till 1796. He
was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of
Government on the Potomac. On the death of J. E.
Calhoun, in 1802, he became again a Senator in Con-
gress, but resigned in 1804. He was opposed to some
of the measures of Washington's administration, but
approved of the War of 1812. He died at Philadel-
phia, February 15, 1822, aged seventy-seven.
Sutler f Pierce M, — Born in Edgefield District,
South Carolina, April 11, 1798 ; was lieutenant Fourth
Infantry in 1819 ; Captain in 1825 ; resigned in 1829 ;
was Cashier and then President of the State Bank of
Columbia ; Lieutenant-Colonel of Goodwin's Mounted
Volunteers in the Florida War, in 1836 ; Governor of
South Carolina from 1836 to 1838; United States
agent for the Cherokees west of the Mississippi ; ap-
pointed to treat with the Comanche Indians ; made
Colonel of the Palmetto regiment in the Mexican
War, in 1846, in which he distinguished himself,
and was twice wounded ; he was subsequently killed
at the battle of Churubusco, August 30, 1847.
Sutler, Soderich S, — He was born in Wythe-
ville, Virginia ; received a limited education ; com-
menced life as a mechanic, but having studied law,
adopted that profession and settled in Tennessee ; he
was a Justice of the Peace, a Major of the Militia, a
Postmaster under President Fillmore ; served two years
in the State Assembly and one in the State Senate ;
was a County Judge, and a Lieutenant-Colonel during
the Rebellion ; and was subsequently Judge of the
First Judicial District of the State, holding the office
from 1865 to 1867, when he was elected a Representa-
tive from Tennessee to the Fortieth Congress. He
was also Chairman of the Republican State Commit-
tee ; re-elected to the three succeeding Congresses,
serving on the Committees on Labor, Indian Affairs,
and Elections, and Chairman of that on the Militia.
Sutler, Samson H, — He was born in South
Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1840 to 1843.
Sutler, Thomas, — He was born in Carlisle,
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress
from Louisiana from 1818 to 1821. Died August 14,
1847.
Sutler, Tliomas S, — He was born in Wethers-
field, Connecticut, in 1807 ; was educated a lawyer ;
served in the Connecticut Legislature ; and was a
Representative in Congress from Connecticut from
1849 to 1851. Died in Norwalk, June 8, 1873.
Sutler^ William, — Born in Prince William
County, Virginia, in 1759 ; graduated at South Caro-
lina College as student of medicine ; was a Lieuten-
ant in Lincoln's army in 1779 ; was engaged at Stono,
and served in the famous corps of Pulaski until the
death of the latter. He next joined General Pickens ;
served with General Lee under Greene at the siege
of Ninety-Six ; and performed other valuable service.
He commanded a company of mounted rangers, and
took part in many confiicts with the Tories. Soon
after the war he was made a Brigadier-General, and,
in 1796, Major-General of Militia. He was a member
of the United States Congress from 1801 to 1811. Was
a member of the Convention of 1787 to consider the
adoption of the Federal Constitution, and voted
against it. He was a member of the Convention
which framed the Constitution of South Carolina, and
for some years a member of the Legislature ; in 1794
was Sheriff, and at one time magistrate. In the War
of 1812 he commanded the South Carolina troops for
State defense. He died in Columbia, South Carolina,
November 15, 1821. He was the father of Senator
A. P. and of Pierce M. Butler.
Sutler, William, — He was a native of South
Carolina ; graduated at the South Carolina College in
1810 ; and was a Representative in Congress from
South Carolina from 1841 to 1843. He was the
brother of the late Senator A. P. Butler, and his wife
was the sister of the late Commodore O. H. Perry.
Sutler, William. O. — He was born in Jessa-
mine County, Kentucky, in 1793, and came of a fam-
ily honorably identified with the Revolution, He was
liberally educated, and when the War of 1812 broke
out he enlisted as a soldier ; was an ensign under
General Winchester, at the battle of the River Rai-
sin ; and under General Jackson, in the South, he
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
63
attained the rank of Captain, and was made a Colonel
in 1817. After spending many years in retirement,
he was elected a Representative in Congress from
Kentucky in 1839, and re-elected in 1841 ; and during
the war with Mexico he obtained such distinction
that he was promoted to the position of Major-Gen-
eral in the regular army ; a sword was voted to him
by Congress, March 2, 1847 ; and when General Scott
was recalled from the City of Mexico, General Butler
was left chief -in-command, and announced the ratifi-
cation of the treaty of peace, May 29, 1848. In 1848
he was the Democratic candidate for Vice-President,
on the ticket with Lewis Cass for President. He was
appointed, by President Pierce, Governor of Nebras-
ka Territory, but declined the appointment. He is
the author of many fugitive pieces of poetry, several
of which possess uncommon merit, and one, entitled
" The Boat Horn," has attained great popularity. In
1861 he was member of the Peace Congress held in
Washington. His " Life and Public Services," from
the pen of F. P. Blair, was published in 1848, but he
was still living in 1875.
JSuttnarif Samuel* — He was a member of the
Maine Legislature in 1822, 1826, and 1827, and a
Representative in Congress from Penobscot County,
Maine, from 1827 to 1831, and was a member of the
Committee on Internal Improvements. In 1846 he
was a County Commissioner, and in 1853 he was re-
elected to the Legislature, and made President of the
Senate. Died in 1864.
JButterfieldf Martin, — He was elected a Rep-
resentative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Agri-
culture.
Bynunif J'esse A, — Born in Halifax County,
North Carolina. He was educated at Union College,
New York ; served a number of years in the State
Legislature ; was a member of Congress from North
Carolina from 1833 to 1841. While in Congress he
fought a duel with Daniel Jenifer, which terminated
harmlessly ; and at the close of his last term he re-
moved to Louisiana.
JSyrdf Charles W, — He was born in Virginia ;
received a liberal education, and settled in Ohio ; and,
in 1803, he was appointed by President Jefferson
United States Judge for the District of Ohio.
Hyrdf Willi am 31. — He was born in Mississippi,
December 6, 1817 ; was well educated, and adopted
the profession of law ; removed to Alabama in 1842,
and, after successfully following his profession, was
elected to the Bench of the Supreme Court of the
State ; and in 1874 was designated as a Commissioner
from Alabama to the Centennial Exhibition, Was
killed by a railway accident near Selma, Alabama,
September 21, 1874.
Cabell, Edward C. — Born in Richmond, Vir-
ginia, 1817 ; graduated at the University of Virginia,
and, in 1837, removed to the Territory of Florida,
where he settled as a cotton planter. He represented
the State of Florida in Congress from 1847 to 1853.
Cabellf George C, — Born in Danville, Virginia,
January 25, 1837 ; educated at Danville Academy
until eighteen years of age ; then taught school in
Henry County, devoling his leisure hours to the study
of law ; attended the University of Virginia Law
School in 1857 and 1858 ; began to practice at Dan-
ville in the latter year, when he was elected Attorney
for the Commonwealth, which position he held until
the war, when he entered the Confederate service in
1861, raised a company and was made Captain, then
Major in the Eighteenth Virginia Infantry, and sub-
sequently Lieutenant-Colonel of the same ; partici-
pated in most of the battles fought by the Northern
Virginia Army, beginning with Manassas, and was
several times wounded, and at the end of the war
held the rank of Colonel. After the war, resumed
the practice of law at Danville ; was nominated for
Congress by the Conservatives in 1874, and elected as
a Representative to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Cahellf Samuel tf, — In the beginning of the
War of the Revolution he was at William and Mary
College, and left there to join the first armed corps
raised in Virginia, and soon attained the rank of
Lieutenant-Colonel in the Continental Army, serving
with honor in all the campaigns, till the fall of
Charleston, May 12, 1780, when he became a prisoner,
and the close of the war restored him to liberty.
For many years he was a member of the Virginia
Assembly, and a Representative in Congress from
Virginia from 1795 to 1803. He died in Nelson
County, Virginia, September 4, 1818, aged sixty-one
years.
Cabell, William M, — He was Governor of Vir-
ginia from 1805 to 1808 ; afterwards President of the
Court of Appeals, and spent fifty years in public
life. Died in Richmond, Virginia, January 17, 1853.
Cable, Joseph, — He was born in Ohio, and was
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1849 to 1853.
Cahotf George, — Bom in Salem, Massachusetts,
in 1752, and employed the early part of his life in
foreign commerce. Before he was twenty-six years
old he was elected a member of the Provincial Con-
gress from Massachusetts, where he advocated those
principles of political economy for which he was
afterwards distinguished ; he was a member of the
Convention whicb formed the Constitution of that
State, and also of that which ratified the Constitution
of the United States, to promote which he made the
most strenuous exertions. From 1791 to 1796 he
served in the United States Senate, and was one of
the most distinguished members of that body ; a con-
fidential friend of Washington and Hamilton, to the
latter of whom he rendered most important assistance
in forming his financial system. In 1808 he was a
member of the Council of Massachusetts, and in 1814 a
Delegate to the Hartford Convention, and was made
President of that body. He, after that period, re-
tired from public life, and died at Boston, April 18,
1823, aged seventy-two,
Cadivalader , John, — Born in Philadelphia,
April 1, 1805 ; was the son of General Thomas Cad-
walader, and grandson of General John Cadwalader
of the Revolutionary Army, He graduated at the
University of Pennsylvania in 1821 ; studied law and
came to the bar in 1825 ; continued to practice his
profession in Philadelphia until 1854, when he was
elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress ; he declined a re-nomination and returned to
the practice of his profession ; and in 1858 he was
appointed Judge of the District Court of the United
States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania,
which position he now holds,
Cadwalader, John i.— He was born near
Trenton, New Jersey, on an old family estate, in 1837 ;
graduated at Princeton College in 1856, and also at
the Law School of Harvard University ; admitted to
the bar in New York in 1860, and continued in the
practice until July 1, 1874, when he was appointed
Assistant Secretary of State,
Cadwalader, Lambert,— Tie was born in
Trenton, New Jersey. He commanded a regiment
64
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS
early in tlie Eevolution, and was a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1789 to 1791,
and again from 1793 to 1795. He was one of those
who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the
Potomac. He died in Trenton, September 12, 1823,
aged eighty-two years. He was also a Delegate to
the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1787.
Cctdi/f Daniel, — He was born in Chatham, Co-
lumbia County, New York, April 29, 1773 ; was bred
a shoemaker ; studied law, admitted to the bar in
1795, and practiced with success ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New York from 1815 to
1817, having previously served five years in the State
Legislature. In 1846 he was elected a Judge of the
Supreme Court of New York, which he resigned in
1856 ; and he was a Presidential Elector in 1856,
when he presided over the College. In April, 1859,
without a moment's warning, he became totally blind.
Died in Johnstown, New York, October 31, 1859.
Cady, tTohn TF, — He was a member of the
New York Assembly in 1822, and a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1823 to 1825.
CuffCf Harry, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Mississipj)i from 1833 to 1835.
Cahoon, William, — He was a Presidential
Elector in 1809, and a Representative in Congress
from Vermont from 1829 to 1833. From 1815 to
1820 he was also a State Councilor ; County Judge
for nine years ; Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont in
1820 and 1821 ; and for seven years a member of the
State Legislature.
Cain, Richard H, — He was born in Greenbrier
County, Virginia, April 12, 1825 ; removed to Ohio in
1831, and settled in Gallipolis ; received a limited
education ; entered the ministry at an early age ; be-
came a student at Wilberforce University, at Xenia,
Ohio, in 1860 ; removed to Brooklyn, New York,
where he discharged ministerial duties for four
years ; was sent as a missionary to the freedmen in
South Carolina ; was chosen a member of the Consti-
tutional Convention of South Carolina ; was elected
a member of the State Senate and served two years ;
edited a newspaper from 1868 ; and was elected to
the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee
on Agriculture.
Cake, Henry X. — Born in Northumberland,
Pennsylvania, October 6, 1827 ; educated in the
schools of his native town ; learned the business of
printing at Harrisburg, and settled in Schuylkill
County in 1847 ; was elected Brigadier-General of
Militia in 1854. On April 18, 1861, he arrived in
Washington in command of the first five hundred
soldiers enlisted to put down the Rebellion, and was
quartered in the Capitol twenty-four hours before
any other volunteers had arrived. In May these
troops were organized as the Twenty-fifth Regiment
Pennsylvania Volunteers, and he was elected its
Colonel ; after serving for a time under Generals
Stone and Patterson he reorganized • his regiment,
which became the Ninety-sixth, and continued in
the service until 1863, when he resigned. Before en-
tering the army he was twice a candidate for the
State Senate ; and in 1866 he was elected a Represent-
ative from Pennsylvania to the Fortieth and Forty-
first Congresses, serving on the Committees on Print-
ing, the Library, and Roads and Canals, and as Chair-
man of Accounts.
Caldwell, Alexander, — ^He was for several
years United States District Judge for the Western
District of Virginia, and died at Wheeling, April 8,
1839.
Caldwell, George A., — He was born in Ken-
tucky, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1849 to
1851. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
" National Union Convention " of 1866. Died in Lou-
isville, September 17, 1866.
Caldwell, Greene W, — Born in Gaston County,
North Carolina, April 13, 1811. He studied medicine,
and practiced with success, but subsequently devoted
himself to the law. He served a number of years in
the State Legislature, and was a member of Congress
from North Carolina from 1841 to 1843. He was sub-
sequently appointed Superintendent of the United
States Mint at Charlotte, which position he resigned.
He participated in the war with Mexico as volunteer
Captain of a company of dragoons.
Caldwell, Henry C, — He was born in Virginia;
received a good education, and studied law ; emi-
grated to Arkansas and entered into practice ; and in
1864 he was appointed United States District Judge
for the District of Arkansas, residing at Little Rock.
Caldwell, James, — ^He was a Representative in
Congress from Ohio from 1813 to 1817.
Caldwell, John C, — He was bom in Maine, and
was appointed from that State, in 1874, Minister Resi-
dent to Uruguay, residing at Montevideo. He was
also accredited to Paraguay.
Caldwell, John H, — He was born in Hunts-
ville, Alabama ; studied two years at Bacon College,
Harrodsburg, Kentucky ; was a member of the Legis-
lature of Alabama in 1857 ; admitted to the bar in
1859 ; elected Solicitor for the Tenth Judicial Circuit
by the Legislature at the Session of 1859 ; re-elected
in 1863 ; deposed by the Provisional Governor in 1865;
re-elected the same winter, and was removed from
the office in 1867 by military authority, for refusing
to obey military orders. He continued the practice
of his profession until elected to the Forty-third Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary
Pensions and those of 1812. Re-elected to the Forty-
fourth Congress, and was appointed Chairman of the
Committee on Agriculture.
Caldwell, John W, — He was a citizen of Ohio,
and in 1868 was appointed Minister Resident to Boli-
via, but remained in office only about one year.
Caldwell, Josejyh JP, — Bom in Iredell County,
North Carolina, in 1808. He was educated at Betha-
ny Academy ; studied law, and entered public life in
1838, as a member of the State Legislature, where he
served a number of years, and was a Representative
in Congress from North Carolina from 1849 to 1853.
Caldwell, JPatricIc C, — He was a native of
South Carolina, and a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1841 to 1843, serving on the
Committee on Manufactures.
Caldivell, Robert JP. — He was born in Adair
County, Kentucky, December 16, 1821 ; received a
public-school education ; studied law and settled in
Tennessee ; was elected to the Legislature of Ten-
nessee in 1847, and to the Senate in 1855 ; was elected
Attorney-General in the Sixteenth Judicial Circuit in
1858 ; was Major of Infantry in the Confederate ser-
vice ; had his disabilities removed by Act of Congress;
and was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving
on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions.
Caldivell, Tod M. — He was born in Morgan-
ton, Burke County, North Carolina, in 1818; graduated
at the University of that State in 1840 ; studied law
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
65
and came to the bar in 1842 ; served in the State Leg-
islature from 1842 to 1844 ; was a State Senator in
1850 ; Lieutenant-Governor in 1868 ; and in 1872 he
was elected Governor of the State. Died at Hills-
borough, North Carolina, July 11, 1874.
Caldwell, William JP, — Born at Christmas-
ville, Carroll County. Tennessee, November 8, 1832 ;
educated at Cumberland College, Princeton, Ken-
tucky ; studied law at Lebanon, Tennessee, and be-
gan to practice at Dresden, in that State ; was a mem-
ber of the General Assembly in 1857, and again in
1869 ; was on the Douglas Electoral Ticket in 1860 ;
was a Delegate to the National Democratic Conven-
tion in 1868, which nominated Seymour and Blair. In
1874 he was elected a Representative from Tennessee
to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Calhourif tfames S. — He was born in Georgia,
and in 1851 was appointed Governor of the Territory
of New Mexico, having been the first who held that
position.
Calhoun f tfohn. — He was born in Kentucky ;
was a lawyer by profession ; was for many years a
Circuit Judge ; in 1820 and 1821 was a member of the
Legislature from Ohio County, and in 1829, 1830, and
1840, a member of the same from Breckinridge Coun-
ty, and he was a Representative in Congress from
Kentucky from 1835 to 1839. The County-seat of
McLean County was named for him in 1852.
Calhoun f John C. — Born in Abbeville District,
South Carolina, March 18, 1782. He was of an Irish
family. His father, Patrick Calhoun, was born in
Ireland, and at an early age came to Pennsylvania,
thence went to the western part of Virginia, and after
Braddock's defeat, moved to South Carolina in 1756.
At the age of thirteen he was put under the charge
of his brother-in-law. Dr. Waddell, in Columbia
County, Georgia. He entered Yale College in 1802,
and graduated with distinction ; studied law at Litch-
field, Connecticut ; and in 1807 was admitted to the
bar of Soath Carolina. The next year he entered the
Legislature of that State, where he served for two
sessions with ability and distinction, and in 1811 was
elected to Congress, where he continued until 1817,
when he became Secretary of War under President
Monroe, and conducted the affairs of that department
with energy and ability for seven years. In 1825 he
was elected Vice-President, and in 1831, upon General
Hayne's leaving the Senate to become Governor of
South Carolina, Mr, Calhoun resigned the Vice-Pre-
sidency, and was elected a member of the United
States Senate by the Legislature of South Carolina.
After the expiration of his senatorial term, he went
voluntarily into retirement. Upon the death of Mr.
Upshur, in 1843, he assumed the conduct of the State
Department, which he held until the close of Presi-
dent Tyler's administration. In 1845 he was again
elected Senator, which office he held until his de-
cease. From 1811, when he entered Congress, until
his death, rhe was rarely absent from Washington,
and during the most of that period he was in the pub-
lic service of his State and country. He entered Con-
gress at a time of unusual excitement, preceding the
declaration of war of 1812, and had great influence in
favor of that measure. In the difficulties and embar-
rassments upon the' termination of war, and the tran-
sition to a peace establishment, he took a responsible
part. As a presiding officer of the Senate he was
punctual, methodical, and accurate, and had a high
regard for the dignity of the body, which he endeav-
ored to preserve and maintain. His connection with
nullification, his views of the tariff, his opinions in
regard to slavery, and the many and exciting ques-
tions arising from it, are well known. He shaped the
course and molded the opinions of the people of his
own State, and of some other Southern States, upon
all these subjects. Amid all the strifes of party poli-
tics, there always existed between him and his politi-
cal opponents a great degree of personal kindness.
He died in Washington City, March 31, 1850, leaving
behind him the reputation of one of the greatest and
the purest of American statesmen. His collected
writings and speeches were published in six volumes,
in 1854 to 1857, accompanied with a biography.
Calhoun, JToJin E, — Born in 1749, and gradu-
ated at Princeton College in 1774. He afterwards
studied law, in which profession he became distin-
guished. After being for many years in the State
Legislature of South Carolina, he was a Senator in
Congress from South Carolina, from 1801 to 1802. He
was a decided Republican, and supporter of Mr. Jef-
ferson. He was one of the Committee who were
instructed to report a modification of the Judiciary
system of the United States. He died in Pendleton
District, November 3, 1802.
Calhoun, Joseph, — He was a Representative in
Congress from South Carolina from 1807 to 1811.
Calhoun, William IB, — He was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, December 29, 1796 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1814 ; bred to the law ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from his native State from
1835 to 1843. He was also a member of the State
Legislature from 1825 to 1835, and Speaker for two
years ; President of the State Senate in 1846 and
1847 ; Secretary of State from 1848 to 1851 ; Bank
Commissioner from 1853 to 1855 ; Presidential Elec-
tor in 1844 ; and Mayor of Springfield in 1859. Died
in Springfield, Massachusetts, November 8, 1865.
CalJcin, Henry C. — Born in Maiden, Ulster
County, New York, March 23, 1858 ; received a good
education ; settled in the City of New York in 1847 ;
was for five years employed in the Morgan Iron
Works ; in 1852, he commenced business on his own
account, as a dealer in a variety of iron and copper
materials, and identifying himself with the shipping
interests of the country ; held no public positions,
excepting that of a school officer in his ward ; and he
was elected in 1868, a Representative from New
York to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on Patents.
Call, Jacob, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Indiana, from 1824 to 1825.
Call, Hi chard K, — He was born in Kentucky ;
and having taken an interest in military affairs, be-
came Aide-de-camp to General Jackson in 1818, and
was promoted to a Captain soon afterwards, and sub-
sequently was appointed Brigadier-General of the
Florida Militia. He was a member of the Legislative
Council of Florida in 1822 ; a Delegate to Congress
from that Territory, from 1823 to 1825 ; Receiver of
Public Money for the Land Office ; and he held the
position of Governor of Florida from 1836 to 1839,
and again from 1841 to 1844. Died at Tallahassee in
September, 1862.
Callis, John IB, — He was born in North Carolina,
in 1828 ; emigrated to Tennessee in 1841 ; from that
State he went to Wisconsin ; entered the volunteer
forces during the Rebellion as a Lieutenant, and rose
to the rank of Brigadier-General ; after the war, he
settled in Alabama, and was commissioned a Colonel
in the Regular army; and in 1868 was elected a
Representative from Alabama to the Fortieth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Enrolled Bills.
Calvert, Charles B.—Re was born in Prince
George County, Maryland, August 24, 1808 ; received
66
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
his earliest education in Philadelphia, but graduated
at the University of Virginia in 1827. His whole life
has been devoted, on a large scale, to the pursuits of
agriculture. He was for many years President of the
Maryland Agricultural Soci ety ; also of the Prince
George County Society ; and Vice-President of the
United States Agricultural Society. He has devoted
special attention to the raising of superior breeds of
cattle, every variety of which he has tried on his ex-
tensive farms. He was elected to the Legislature of
Maryland in 1839, 1843, and 1844 ; and was elected a
Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, serving on the Committees on the District
of Columbia, and on Agriculture. Died at Riverside,
Maryland, May 14, 1864.
Calvirif Samuel, — Born in Washingtonville,
Columbia County, Pennsylvania, July 30, 1811. At
the age of sixteen, after the death of his father, he
was thrown upon his own resources, and became a
school-teacher, with the view of supporting his
father's family and obtaining the means for a classi-
cal education ; he accomplished this object ; subse-
quently studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1836, and practiced in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania.
In 1848 he was elected a member from Pennsylvania
of the Thirty-first Congress, and in 1850 declined a
re-election.
Camhellf Alexatider, — He was born in Vir-
ginia in 1779 ; was bred a physician ; removed to
Kentucky in 1785 ; was a member of the Kentucky
Legislature in 1800 ; removed to Ohio in 1803 ; was a
member of the Ohio Legislature in 1806 ; was a Sen-
ator in Congress from that State from 1809 to 1813;
served as a State Senator from 1813 to 1823 ; and
died at Ripley, Ohio, November 5, 1857.
Cambellf JBroohins, — He was born in Wash-
ington County, Tennessee, in 1808 ; was for many
years a member of the State Legislature, and in 1845
was unanimously elected Speaker. He was an officer
in the Quartermaster's Department in the war with
Mexico, and a member of Congress from Tennessee
from 1853 to the time of his death, which occurred in
Washington, District of Columbia, December 25,
1853.
Cannhreleng, Churchill C. — He was born in
Washington, North Carolina, in 1786, and received an
academical education at Newbern, in that State. He
had a special fondness for field sports, but did not let
them interfere with his duties as a clerk in a Caro-
lina store, where he was engaged for two years. He
removed to New York City in 1802, which has since
that time been his home, excepting the year 1806,
when he was a counting-house clerk in Providence,
Rhode Island. He engaged at an early day in mer-
cantile pursuits with John Jacob Astor, and traveled
extensively over the world. He was a Representative
in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1839, and
officiated as Chairman of the Committees on Com-
merce, Ways and Means, and on Foreign Affairs. In
1840 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to
Russia, His reports and political pamphlets were at
one time very numerous — one of the former, on Com-
merce and Navigation, having gone through several
editions and been re-published in London. It was
while traveling in Europe he received the appoint-
ment of Minister, and on his return to the United
States he retired to private life. Died at West Neck,
Long Island, April 30, 1862.
•
Cameron, Angus, — Born in Caledonia, Living-
ston County, New York, July 4, 1826 ; studied law at
Buffalo, and graduated at the Law School in New
York State ; removed to La Crosse, Wisconsin, in
1857 ; was a member of the State Senate in 1863,
1864, 1871, and 1872, and a member of the Assembly
in 1866 and 1867 ; Speaker of that body in 1867 ; a
member of the National Republican Convention at
Baltimore in 1864 ; was a Regent of the University of
Wisconsin from 1866 to 1875, and then elected to the
United States Senate by Republicans, Democrats,
and Liberals, for the term ending in 1881.
Cameron f Duncan, — He was of Scotch parent-
age but born in North Carolina ; received a liberal
education ; was for a long time Judge of the Super-
ior Court of the State ; subsequently President of the
Bank of North Carolina ; and died at Raleigh, Jan-
uary 3, 1853.
CafneroUf tfohn A, — He was an early emigrant
to Florida when it was a Territory ; and he was ap-
pointed one of the first Judges for the United States
Court in that Territory.
Cameron f Simon, — He was born in Lancaster
County, Pennsylvania, March 8, 1799, and was left an
orphan when only nine years of age. He educated
himself while pursuing the employment of a printer
in newspaper offices at Harrisburg and in Washing-
ton City, and when twenty-two years of age edited
and published a Democratic journal at the former
city, having previously had charge of a paper, the
Pennsylvania Intelligencer, at Doylestown, Pennsyl-
vania. In 1832 he established the Middletown Bank,
and devoted much of his attention to the railroad in-
terests of his native State, and before entering Con-
gress he was the Cashier of a bank. President of two
railroad companies, and Adjutant-General of the
State. He was first elected a Senator in Congress in
1845, where he served until 1849, and he was re
elected to the same position in 1857, for the term
ending in 1863, but resigned in 1861. He was
spoken of in 1860 as one of the candidates for the
Presidency, and in 1861 became Secretary of War
under President Lincoln. He resigned that position,
and was appointed Minister to Russia in 1862. He
was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of
1864, and to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Conven-
tion " of 1866 ; and in January, 1867, he was again
chosen a Senator in Congress for the term ending
in 1873, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs
and Ordnance, and as Chairman of those on Agricul-
ture and Foreign Relations. He was also re-elected to
the Senate for the fourth term, ending in 1879.
Campbell, Alexander, — Born in Concord,
Pennsylvania, October 4, 1814 ; received a limited
education ; as Clerk and Superintendent was engaged
in the iron business in several States, when he settled
in Illinois ; was twice Mayor of La Salle ; served two
terms in the State Legislature ; was a member of the
State Constitutional Convention of 1862 ; and elected
a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-fourth
Congress.
Ca/mpbell, David, — He was one of the first
Territorial Judges appointed after the adoption of the
Constitution — having received his commission from
President Washington in 1790, for the Territory
South of the Ohio River ; and in 1811 he received
from President Madison the appointment of Judge for
the Territory of Mississippi.
Campbell, David, — He was Governor of Vir-
ginia from 1836 to 1839 ; was appointed Major of the
Twelfth Infantry, July 6, 1812 ; Lieutenant-Colonel of
the Twentieth Infantry, March 12, 1813 ; resigned
January 28, 1814. Died in Abingdon, Virginia, March
19, 1859, aged eighty.
Campbell, George W, — He was born in Ten-
nessee, in 1768 ; graduated at Princeton College in
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
67
1794 ; received a good education ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Tennessee from 1803 to 1809,
serving during the last two years of his term as
Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means ;
was Judge of the United States District Court ; was
elected Senator of the United States in 1811, but
resigned on being appointed Secretary of the Treasury
in 1814. He resumed his seat in the Senate the fol-
lowing year, and served till 1818, when he was ap-
pointed Minister to Russia, where he remained until
1821. In 1831 he was appointed one of the Commis-
sioners to settle the claims on France. He died at
Nashville, Tennessee, February 17, 1848.
Campbell f Henry Munroe* — He was born in
Stillwater, Saratoga County, New York, September
10, 1783. In 1810 he removed to Buifalo, where he
resided until May, 1826, when he removed to Detroit,
with which place he was subsequently identified, and
where he died in January, 1842. Most of his life was
spent in business. During the War of 181 2 he served
as Lieutenant of a Volunteer artillery company,
organized in Buffalo. He was instrumental in getting
up the Parish of St. Paul's Church, Buffalo, and was
also constantly Warden or Vestryman of St. Paul's,
Detroit. He was active in organizing the Episcopal
Church in Michigan into a diocese in 1833 and 1844,
and was one of the first Delegates to the General Con-
vention in 1835, and was for many years a member of
the Standing Committee of the diocese. He was a
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas at various times,
both in New York and Michigan.
Campbell, tfames. — He was born in Philadel-
phia in 1813, and was of Irish descent ; after receiv-
ing a thorough edvication, he studied law and came to
the bar in 1834 ; practiced his profession in Philadel-
phia until 1842 ; in that year he was chosen a Judge
of Common Pleas, and held the position until 1850 ;
in 1852 he was made Attorney-General for the State ;
and in 1853 he went into the Cabinet of President
Pierce as Postmaster-General, where he served until
the close of that administration.
Campbell, tfames IT. — He was born in Wil-
liamsport, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, Febru-
ary 8, 1820 ; graduated at the Carlisle Law School ;
was admitted to the bar in 1841 ; was a member in
1844 of the Whig Baltimore Convention : and was a
Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from
1855 to 1857, and again from 1859 to 1861, serving on
the Committee on Elections and as a member of the
Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious
States. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Pacific
Railroad. In 1864 he was appointed by President
Lincoln, Minister Resident to Sweden, and in 1866
Minister to Bogota.
Campbell, James V, — He was born in Buffalo,
New York, February 25, 1823, and was the son of
Henry Munroe Campbell, with whom he removed to
Detroit in 1826. He graduated at St. Paul's College,
Long Island, in July, 1841 ; admitted to the bar in
1844 ; elected to the Supreme Court of Michigan in
March, 1857, and was re-elected in 1863. In 1859,
upon the organization of the Marshall Professorship
in the University of Michigan, he was appointed to
that position : and the other offices which he has filled
have always been connected with his profession or
the educational interests of the State.
Campbell, John, — He was born in Virginia,
and in 1829 he was appointed Treasurer of the United
States Treasury and remained in office until 1839.
Campbell, John, — ^He was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland from 1801 to 1811 ; also
Judge of the Orphans' Court in Charles County,
where he died June 23, 1828, aged sixty-three years.
Campbell, John, — He was born in South Caro-
lina ; graduated at the South Carolina College in
1819 ; and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1829 to 1831, and again from 1837 to
1845. Died at his residence in Marlborough District,
South Carolina, May 19, 1845.
Campbell, John. — He was a Representative in
Congress from Kentucky from 1837 to 1843.
Catnpbell, John Allen, — Born in Salem, Ohio,
October 8, 1835 ; received a common-school educa-
tion ; acquired a knowledge of tlie printing business;
at the commencement of the Rebellion entered the
Volunteer army as Second Lieutenant, and Avas, by
degrees, promoted to the rank of Brigadier- General,
" for courage in the field and marked ability and
fidelity " at Rich Mountain, Sliiloh, Perryville, Mur-
freesborough, and through the Atlanta campaign. In
1866 he became assistant editor of the Cleveland
Daily Leader ; was soon appointed in the Regular
army and made a Lieutenant-Colonel, serving as Ad-
jutant on the staff of General Schofield ; in 1869 he
was appointed the first Governor of the Territory of
Wyoming, re-appointed in 1873, and in 1875 he was
appointed Third Assistant Secretary of the Depart-
ment of State.
Campbell, John Archibald, — Bom in Wash-
ington, Wilkes County, Georgia, June 24, 1811, his
grandfather having served in the Revolution as Aide-
de-Camp to General Nathaniel Greene. He gradu-
ated at the University of Georgia in 1826 ; studied
law and came to the bar in Montgomery, Alabama,
in 1830, practicing the profession for many years with
success. In 1853 he was appointed, by President
Pierce, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of
the United States, which office he resigned in 1861,
after the commencement of the Rebellion. He was
opposed to the secession of Alabama, and in 1864 did
all in his power to bring the war to a close ; and after
the war he resumed the practice of his profession in
the city of New Orleans.
Campbell, John U, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania ; adopted the profession of law, settled in Phil-
adelphia, and devoted much attention to politics ; was
a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1847, de-
clining a re-nomination ; and died in Philadelphia,
January 19, 1868.
Campbell, John F. — He was born in Kentucky;
was a member of the State House of Representatives
from Christian County, in 1826 ; and a Representa-
tive in Congress from Kentucky to the Thirty-fourth
Congress.
Campbell, John TT.— He was born in Augusta
County, Virginia ; was a Representative in Conffress
from Ohio from 1817 to 1827; and United States
Judge for the District of Ohio. Died September 24,
1833.
Campbell, Lewis D.— Born in Franklin, War-
ren County, Ohio, August 9, 1811. He received a lim-
ited education ; was attached at an early day to the
Cincinnati Gazette, as printer and assistant editor ;
subsequently had the entire control of another politi-
cal paper ; and, having studied law, was admitted to
practice. He was elected a member of Congress from
Ohio in 1848, and was re-elected to each successive
Congress, down to the Thirty-fifth, when his seat was
contested, and the House of Representatives decided
against his claim. During the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress he was Chairman of the Committee on Wavs
68
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
and Means. In December, 1865, he was appointed by
President Johnson Minister to Mexico ; but before
leaving the country, he attended, as a Delegate, the
Philadelphia "National Union," and the Cleveland
" Soldiers' Convention " of 1866. He was subsequent-
ly elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on
various Committees.
Campbell, Mobert JB. — He was born in South
Carolina ; graduated at the South Carolina College in
1809 ; and was a Representative in Congress from
South Carolina from 1823 to 1825, and again from
1835 to 1837. He was subsequently appointed, by
President Fillmore, American Consul at Havana, Cuba.
Campbell, Samuel. — He was born in Mansfield,
Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1821 to 1823, having previously
served five years in the Assembly of that State.
Campbell, Thomas F. — He was a native of
South Carolina, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1834 to 1835.
Cam^pbell, Thomas J, — He was a native of
Tennessee, and a member of Congress from that
State, from 1841 to 1843, and twice Clerk of the House
of Representatives, from 1847 to 1850 ; he was also a
Presidential Elector in 1837 and 1841. During the
years 1813 and 1814 he was an Assistant Inspector-
General of Militia. He died in Washington, District
of Columbia, April 13, 1850.
Campbell, Thompson, — He was born in Penn-
sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from
Illinois, from 1851 to 1853. Died in California, De-
cember 7, 1868.
Campbell, William IB, — He was born in Ten-
nessee ; read law at Abingdon and Winchester, Vir-
ginia ; came to the bar in his native State, and was
soon afterwards chosen Attorney-General for the
Fourth District ; was elected to the Tennessee Legis-
lature in 1835 ; raised a company and served as Cap-
tain in the Creek and Florida Wars of 1836 ; and was
a Representative in Congress from Tennessee, from
1837 to 1843, serving on the Committees on Claims,
Territories, and Military Aiiairs. In 1844 he was
elected Major-General of Militia, and was Colonel of
the First Regiment of Tennessee Volunteers in the
Mexican War, distinguishing himself at the battles of
Monterey and Cerro Gordo. From 1850 to 1853 he
was Governor of Tennessee, and in 1857 was chosen,
by an unanimous vote of the Legislature, Judge of
the Circuit Court of Tennessee. In 1862, without so-
licitation on his part, he was appointed by President
Lincoln a Brigadier-General in the Union Army, which
he soon resigned on account of bad health. At the
close of the war, in 1865, he was re-elected a Repre-
sentative to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not
admitted to his seat until near the close of the first
session of that Congress, and during the second ses-
sion he was placed on the Committee on the New
Orleans Riots. Died in Lebanon, Tennessee, August
19, 1867.
Campbell, William W, — Born in Cherry Val-
ley, New York, June 10, 1806 ; graduated at Union
College in 1827, and studied law with Judge Kent, of
New York, and in 1831 he commenced the practice of
his profession in that city, having previously written
and published a history of the Border War of New
York. He was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1845 to 1847, and then spent a year
in Europe. On his return he was appointed a Justice
of the Superior Court of New York City, and served
seven years, and was subsequently elected a Judge of
the Supreme Court of the State.
Catiby, Richard S, — He was born in Ohio, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State,
from 1847 to 1849.
Candler, 3Iilton A, — Born in Campbell County,
Georgia, January 11, 1837 ; graduated at the Univer-
sity of Georgia in 1854 ; studied law, went to the bar
in 1856, and settled in Decatur, De Kalb County,
where he practiced the profession ; was a member of
the State Legislature from 1861 to 1863 ; of the State
Constitutional Convention in 1865 ; elected to the
State Senate in 1868 for four years ; and in 1874 he
was elected a Representative from Georgia to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
Cannon, George Q, — He was born in Liverpool,
England, January 11, 1827 ; emigrated with his pa-
rents to the United States ; received a good educa-
tion ; learned the art of printing, and became an
editor ; was one of the first emigrants to Salt Lake ;
was elected a member of the Legislative Council of
Utah in 1865, 1866, 1869, and three following years ;
was elected in 1865 a Regent of the Deseret Uni-
versity ; at a Constitutional Convention held at Salt
Lake City in 1872, was elected a Delegate to present
the Constitution and memorial to Congress for the
admission of the Territory into the Union as a State ;
and was elected Delegate to the Forty -third and Forty-
fourth Congresses.
Cannon, Joseph G* — He was born in Guilford,
North Carolina, May 7, 1836 ; adopted the profession
of law ; was State's Attorney in Illinois from 1861 to
1868 ; and elected to the Forty-third Congress, and
was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, serving
on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.
Cannon, Neivton, — He was born in Guilford
County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in
Congress from Tennessee, from 1814 to 1817, and
again from 1 819 to 1823, and was also appointed by
President Monroe, in 1819, one of two Commissioners
to treat with the Chickasaws. He was also Governor
of Tennessee from 1835 to 1839. Died September 29,
1842.
Cannon, William, — Bom in Bridgeville, De-
laware, in 1809 ; he was for some years in the State
Legislature of Delaware ; State Treasurer, and mem-
ber of the Peace Congress of 1861, and Governor of
Delaware from 1864 to 1865. Died in Philadelphia,
March 1, 1865.
Cantine, John, — He was elected a Representa-
tive from New York to the Eighth Congress, but re-
signed soon after taking his seat, and Josiah Has-
brouck was elected in his place.
Caperton, Allen T, — Bom in Union, Monroe
County, Virginia ; graduated at Yale College in 1839 ;
studied and adopted the profession of law ; served in
the Legislature of Virginia a number of years ; was a
member in 1861 of the State Convention, to consider
the impending troubles, and took the side of the
Union, but when the State went out of the Union he
sided with the South ; in 1863 he was elected to
the Confederate Senate ; was pardoned by Presi-
dent Johnson after the war ; subsequently devoted
all his attention to his profession, and certain min-
ing interests ; and in 1875 was elected a Senator in
Congress from West Virginia for the term ending in
1881.
Caperton, Hugh, — He was bom in Virginia in
1780 ; was a farmer by occupation ; a member, for
many years, of the State Legislature ; and a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from the Greenbrier region of
Virginia, from 1813 to 1815. He died in Monroe
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
69
County, Virginia, February 9, 1847. He was the
father of Allen T. Caperton.
CaproUf Horace, — He was born in the State of
New York ; after receiving a scientific education, he
turned his attention to manufacturing ; was appointed
to the charge of a factory in Maryland ; subsequently
turned his attention to a model farm, the receipts of
which, in 1847, amounted to more than thirty-six
thousand dollars ; in 1854 he removed to Illinois, and
devoted himself successfully to the breeding of Devon
cattle ; served in the army during the Rebellion, and
became a Brigadier-General ; in 1867 he was appointed
Commissioner of Agriculture ; in 1871 he was invited
by the Japanese Government to take charge of certain
agricultural experiments and improvements in Japan,
where he remained four years, returning to the
United States in 1875, bringing with him flattering
testimonials from the Emperor of that country, after
which he settled in the City of Washington.
Carey f George, — He was a native of Charles
County, Maryland, but removed to Georgia, and died
in Upson County in 1844. He was a Representative
in Congress from Georgia, from 1823 to 1827.
Carey f Jeremiah E, — Born in Coventry, Rhode
Island, April 30, 1803 ; commenced active life in the
State of New York, by working on a farm and in the
tannery of an uncle ; he received a good common-
school education, which he paid for by his own exer-
tions as a teacher ; he studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1829 ; was elected to Congress, from
Cherry Valley County, in 1842, and, after his term as
a Representative, removed to the City of New York,
where he has since been engaged in the practice of
his profession, and holding many important local
offices connected with the cause of education.
Carey f tfohn, — Born in Monongahela County,
Virginia, April 5, 1792 ; removed with his parents to
the North-west Territory in 1798 ; from that period
until 1812 he labored with his father in the tanning
business ; in 1814 he assisted in building the first
stone house in Columbus ; after which he devoted
himself to the various employments of carpentering,
milling in its various branches, and farming ; in 1825
he was elected an Associate Judge, which office he
held for seven years ; he was elected to the Ohio
Legislature in 1828, 1836, and 1843 ; and was elected
a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture.
Carey f tfosej^h M, — He was born in Delaware ;
removed to the Territory of Wyoming, and in 1872
was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court for the Territory of Wyoming, residing at
Cheyenne.
Carletofif Henry, — Born in Virginia in 1783;
graduated at Yale College in 1806 ; removed to Miss-
issippi, but finally settled in New Orleans in 1814.
Served as a Lieutenant of Infantry under General
Jackson ; after peace, studied law, and aided in bring-
ing out a translation of old Spanish laws. In 1832 he
was appointed a United States District Attorney, and
subsequently Judge of the Supreme Court of the
State, which he resigned in 1839 on account of ill
health. He traveled extensively in Europe, and de-
voted himself to literary pursuits, having published
in 1857 a work entitled " Liberty and Necessity," and
an "Essay on the Will," Died in Philadelphia,
March 28, 1863. He was originally named Henry
Carleton Coxe.
Carlile, John S, — Born in Winchester, Freder-
ick County, Virginia, December 16, 1817. He was
educated by his mother until fourteen years of age.
and then went into a country store as salesman and
clerk, and at the age of seventeen commenced busi-
ness for himself. At the same time he read law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1840, and settled in Bever-
ly, Randolph County, in 1842, to practice. He was
elected to the State Senate in 1847, and served till
1851. In 1850 he was a member of the Constitutional
Convention of Virginia, and in 1855 was elected a
Representative in Congress, serving one terra. In
1861 he was elected a Representative from Virginia to
the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was soon afterwards
transferred to the Senate, serving on the Committees
on Public Lands and Territories. His term expired
in 1865.
Carlton^ Peter, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New Hampshire, from 1807 to 1809,
CarmacJCf Samuel W, — Born in Davidson
County, Tennessee, January 9, 1802 ; studied law,
and settled at Fayetteville in 1824 ; in 1838 he went
to Florida for his health and settled there ; in 1842
he was appointed a Territorial Judge ; and in 1846
Judge of the Southern Judicial District of the State,
which he declined. He died December 18, 1849.
Carmichaely Richard JB, — Was a native of
Maryland ; graduated at Princeton College in 1828,
and studied law ; was a Representative from Mary-
land in the Twenty-third Congress; was President of
the courts of Queen Anne County, Marvland, in
1861.
Carmichael, Williain, — Was a native of
Maryland. In 1776 he aided Mr. Deane, the Ameri-
can Minister at Paris, in his correspondence ; went to
Berlin to communicate to the King of Prussia intelli-
gence concerning American commerce, and assisted
the American Commissioners in Paris. He was a
Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to
1780 ; was Secretary of Legation during Mr. Jay's
mission to Spain, and remained as Charge d' Affaires
after Mr. Jay left in 1782 ; and, receiving a commis-
sion in 1790, retained the office for about fifteen years.
In 1792 he was authorized, jointly with William
Short, to negotiate with Spain concerning the naviga-
tion of the Mississippi River. He died in 1795.
CarneSf Thomas JP, — He was born and edu-
cated in Maryland, studied law, and settled in Geor-
gia, He was there successively Solicitor-General,
Attorney-General, and Judge of the Supreme Court,
and was a Representative in Congress from Georgia,
from 1793 to 1795, He died at Milledgeville, May 8,
1822.
Carney f Thomas, — He was Governor of Kansas
from 1861 to 1864.
Carpenter, Cyrus Clay, — He was born in
Harford, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, No-
vember 24, 1829 ; after receiving an English educa-
tion, he began, in his eighteenth year, to teach school,
and removing to Ohio followed the same occupation
there ; in 1854 he emigrated to Iowa, traveling the
whole distance on foot ; at Fort Dodge he found em-
ployment as an assistant surveyor ; in 1857 he was
elected to the State Legislature ; in 1861 he entered
the army, and as Brevet Colonel rendered important
service during the war ; in 1866 he was elected Regis-
ter of the State Land Office at Des Moines, and re-
elected ; and in 1871 he was elected Governor of
Iowa, In January, 1876, he was appointed Second
Comptroller of Treasury Department.
Carpenter, Davis,— He was born in Walpole,
Cheshire County, New Hampshire, December 25,
1799 ; received an academical education ; studied
70
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
medicine, and took tlie degree of M.D. at Middlebuiy
College, Vermont, in 1824. He removed to the State
of New York in 1825, and there attained the position
of Colonel of a rifle corps, and was a Representative
in Congress from New York, from 1853 to 1855, in
place of A. Boody, resigned. He was subsequently
devoted to his profession and to surveying.
Carpenter f Levi ID, — ^He was a Representative
in Congress from New York, from 1843 to 1845, in
the place of Samuel Beardsley, resigned.
Carpenter f Lewis Cass, — Born in Putnam,
Connecticut, February 20, 1836 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; removed to New Jersey,
where he taught school for several years ; studied
law and admitted to the bar, but never practiced ;
was for several years connected with New York
papers ; removed to Washington in 1864, and was
appointed to a position in the Treasury Department ;
was correspondent for several newspapers ; assisted
in establishing the first Republican daily paper in
South Carolina, The Charleston Republican, in 1868,
and removed there in 1870 to become one of its edi-
tors ; established The Daily Union in 1870 ; and was
elected to the Forty-third Congress to fill the unex-
pired term of Robert B. Elliott, resigned.
Carpenter f MattJiew H, — He was born in
Moretown, Vermont, in 1824 ; became the adopted
son of Paul Dillingham in his twelfth year ; spent
two years, 1853 and 1854, at the West Point Academy ;
studied law, and on adopting the profession, removed
to Wisconsin ; was for several years a District At-
torney for the State, and practiced his profession be-
fore the Supreme Court of the United States ; and he
was elected a Senator in Congress from Wisconsin, for
the term commencing in 1869 and ending in 1875,
serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, Patents,
and Revision of Laws. He also served as President
pro tem. of the Senate.
Carr, Dabney S» — A native of Baltimore ; sev-
eral years Naval Officer of that port, and United
States Minister to Turkey from 1843 to 1849. Died
at Charlottesville, Virginia, March 24, 1854, aged
fifty-one years.
Carr, Francis, — He was a member of the Mas-
sachusetts Legislature from 1806 to 1811, and was a
Representative in Congress from Massachusetts, from
1811 to 1813. Died in October, 1821, aged sixty-nine
years.
Carr, Ja^nes, — He served three years in the
Massachusetts Legislature from Bangor, and was a
Representative in Congress from Massachusetts, from
1815 to 1817.
Cavr, tfohn, — ^He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Indiana, from 1831 to 1837, and again
from 1839 to 1841 ; and died in Clark County, Indiana,
January 20, 1845.
Carrington, Edivard,—Re was born in Vir-
ginia, February 11, 1749 ; was an eflBcient ofiicer du-
ring the Revolution ; was for some time Quartermas-
ter-General of the Army under General Greene, in
the South, and greatly contributed to the advantage
gained over the enemy. He was afterwards attached
to the Army of the North, but previously to the
evacuation of Charleston resumed his former station.
He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from
Virginia, from 1785 to 1786 ; was foreman of the jury
which tried Aaron Burr for treason. He died Octo-
ber 28, 1810.
Carringtonf JPaul, — Born in Virginia, Febru-
ary 24, 1733 ; graduated at William and Mary College ;
studied law and commenced to practice at the age of
twenty-one, and soon became eminent. From 1765
to 1775 he was a member of the House of Burgesses,
and voted against the Stamp Act resolutions of Patrick
Henry ; in 1775 and 1776 was a member of various
conventions, and of the Committee which reported
the Declaration of Rights and the State Constitution ;
he was then a member of the House of Delegates,
from which he passed to the Bench of the General
Court, in May, 1779 ; and a member of the Court of
Appeals, from 1789 to 1811. He was a member of
the Committee of Safety during its existence, and in
the Virginia Convention voted for the adoption of the
Constitution, and was a member of the Committee to
report Amendments. He died at his seat in Charlotte
County, Virginia, June 22, 1818.
Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton, — He was
born in Annapolis, Maryland, on the 20th of Septem-
ber, 1737 ; was descended from a respectable Irish
family ; was of the Roman Catholic religion, and in-
herited a very large estate. He was sent at an early
age to St. Omer to be educated, and afterwards re-
moved to Rheims. After having studied civil law in
France, he went to London and pursued the study of
common law at the Temple, and returned to America
at the age of twenty-seven. He soon became known
as an advocate for liberty, and was one of the ablest
political writers of Maryland. In 1776 he was elected
a Delegate to the old Congress, and subscribed his
name to the Declaration of Independence, and at the
time of his death was the last surviving signer of
that document. In 1778 he left Congress, and devoted
himself to the councils of his native State ; in 1789
he was elected a Senator to the new Congress ; and in
1810 he quitted public life, and passed the remainder
of his days in tranquillity, beloved and revered by his
friends and neighbors, and honored by his country.
He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat
of Government on the Potomac ; was ever considered
a model of regularity in conduct and sedateness in
judgment ; and died in Baltimore, November 14, 1832.
Carroll, Charles H, — He was born in Mary-
land ; was a Representative in Congress from New
York, from 1843 to 1847 ; a member of the Assembly
of the State in 1836 ; and a State Senator in 1837.
He was a lawyer by education, but, instead of prac-
ticing, devoted his whole time to managing a large
estate in the Genesee country. Died in Groveland,
Livingston County, New York, in 1865, aged seventy-
one years.
Carroll, Daniel, — He was a Delegate from
Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1780 to
1784 ; signed the Articles of Confederation, and also
the Constitution ; a Representative in Congress from
Maryland from 1789 to 1791, and was that year
appointed Commissioner for Surveying the District
of Columbia. He was also one of those who voted
for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac.
Carroll, tTames, — He was born in Maryland,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State, from 1839 to 1841.
Carroll, tfohn Lee, — He was born at Home-
wood, near Baltimore, Maryland, in 1830, and is the
grandson of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, He was
educated at the Roman Catholic Colleges of George-
town, District of Columbia, Emmettsburg, Maryland,
and at the law school of Harvard University ; came
to the bar in 1851 ; went to New York in 1859, and was
for a time United States Commissioner in that city ; re-
turned to Baltimore in 1862 ; was elected to the State
Senate in 1867, and again in 1871, and in 1875 he was
elected Governor of Maryland. The year that he
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
71
entered upon liis duties as such, was just one hun-
dred after the date that his grandfather signed the
Declaration of Independence.
Carroll, John M» — He was born in Springfield,
New York, April 27, 1825 ; received an academic
education, and graduated at Union College, Schenec-
tady, in 1846 ; studied law, and came to the bar in
1848 ; was elected District Attorney of Fulton County
in 1859, and held that office three years ; and was
elected to the Forty-second Congress.
Carroll, T, K, — He was elected Governor of
Maryland in 1830 and 1831.
Carroll, William, — Born in Pittsburg, Penn-
sylvania, in 1788 ; was engaged in the hardware
business in that town, whence he emigrated to Nash-
ville, Tennessee, His fitness for military service
attracted General Jackson, and he made him Cap-
tain and Brigadier-Inspector in his Division of the
army, February 20, 1813 ; was Colonel and Inspector-
General from September, 1813, to May, 1814 ; in 1813
he fought a duel with Jesse, a brother of Colonel
Thomas H. Benton. Distinguished himself at Euoto-
chopco, was wounded in the battle of the Horse-Shoe
Bend of Tallapoosa River, March 27, 1813 ; was Ma-
jor-General of Tennessee Militia, November 13, 1814,
to May 13, 1815 ; distinguished in the defense of New
Orleans, and especially in the battle of January 8,
1815. Was Governor of Tennessee from 1821 to
1827, and from 1829 to 1835. Died in NashvUle,
March 22, 1844.
Carson, Samuel P» — Bom at Pleasant Garden,
Burke County, North Carolina. He was for several
years a member of the State Legislature, and a Rep-
resentative in Congress from North Carolina, from
1825 to 1833. He killed Doctor Robert B. Vance in a
duel in 1827 ; and at the close of his services in Con-
gress removed to Arkansas, where he died in Novem-
ber, 1840.
Carter, Harley H, — He was born in New York,
and removed to Michigan, from which State he was
appointed an Associate Justice of the United States
Court for the Territory of Arizona.
Carter, John, — Born on Black River, Sumter
District, South Carolina, September 10, 1792 ; and
graduated at South Carolina College, Columbia. He
was a lawyer by profession ; and a Representative in
Congress from South Carolina, from 1822 to 1829,
when he declined a re-election. His residence was
Camden, but he removed to Georgetown, District of
Columbia, in 1836, where he remained until his death,
which occurred June 20, 1850.
Carter, Luther C— Born in Bethel, Oxford
County, Maine, February 25, 1805 ; received an aca-
demic education ; settled in New York City, and de-
voted himself to mercantile pursuits with success ;
was a member for some years of the Board of Edu-
cation in that city ; and, having retired from business,
he settled on a farm on Long Island ; and was elected
a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Commit-
tee on the District of Columbia.
Carter, Timothy J, — He was educated for the
legal profession ; was Secretary of the Maine Senate
in 1833 ; County Attorney from 1833 to 1837 ; and he
was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from
1837 to the date of his death, which occurred at
Washington, March 14, 1838.
Carter, William IB, — Bom in Tennessee in 1812;
was a member of the House and Senate in the State
Legislature ; President of the Constitutional Conven-
tion ; and from 1835 to 1841 a Representative in Con-
gress from his native State. He died in Carter
County, Tennessee, April 17, 1848.
Cai^tter, David K, — He was bom in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from Ohio,
from 1849 to 1853. In 1861 he was appointed, by
President Lincoln, Minister to Bolivia, and subse-
quently a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Dis-
trict of Columbia.
Caruthers, Hobert L, — Was born in Smith
County, Tennessee, July 31, 1800 ; obtained the rudi-
ments of an English education by his own unaided
exertions ; from 1816 to 1818 he was clerk in a store ;
subsequently improved his education at Woodward
Academy and Greenville College ; studied law and
came to the bar in 1823 ; served one year as Clerk in
the Legislature of Tennessee. Returning to his na-
tive county, was appointed Clerk of the Chancery
Court there ; edited a paper for one year ; settled in
Wilson County in 1826, and was soon afterwards
elected State Attorney, holding the office five years ;
in 1834 he was elected a Brigadier-General of Militia;
was a member of the Tennessee Legislature in 1835 ;
was a Presidential Elector in 1845, declining to run for
Governor ; was a Representative in Congress from
Tennessee from 1841 to 1843, declining a re-election ;
in 1852 was called to a seat on the Supreme Bench of
Tennessee, holding the position many years ; and was
a delegate to the Peace Convention of 1861.
Caruthers, Safnuel, — Born in Madison County,
Missouri, October 13, 1820 ; was educated at Clinton
College, Tennessee ; was a lawyer by profession ; and
was elected a member of the House of Representa-
tives in Congress, from Missouri, from 1853 to 1859 ;
and died at Cape Girardeau, Missouri, July 20,
1860.
Cary, George JB, — A member of Congress from
the Petersburg District, Virginia, in 1842 and 1843.
He died in Southampton County, Virginia, March 5,
1850.
Cary, Sammel F, — Bom in Cincinnati, Ohio,
February 18, 1814 ; spent his early life on a farm ;
graduated at the Miami University in 1835, and at the
Cincinnati Law School in 1837 ; practiced law until
1845, when he retired to a farm ; was a warm advo-
cate for many years of the cause of Temperance ;
and was elected a Representative from Ohio to the
Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on
Education and Labor, and Weights and Measures.
He was the only member of his party who voted
against the Impeachment of President Andrew John-
son. In 1875 he took a special interest in politics.
Cary, Shepard, — He was a merchant and farm-
er ; was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1832,
1833, from 1839 to 1842, in 1843, and from 1848 to
1854. He was a Representative in Congress, from
Mainej from 1844 to 1845, and served as a member of
the Committee on Claims. In 1836 he was a Presi-
dential Elector. Died in Maine, in August, 1866.
Case, Charles, — Born at Austinburg, Ashtabula
County, Ohio, December 21, 1817 ; a lawyer by pro-
fession, and a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress from Indiana. He was a member of the Com-
mittee on Invalid Pensions. He was also re-elected
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Territories.
Case, Walter,— Re was born in Dutchess County,
New York, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State, from 1819 to 1821.
72
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Casey, Joseph, — He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania
from 1849 to 1851. In 1863 lie was appointed by
President Lincoln a Judge of the Court of Claims.
Casey, Levi, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from South Carolina from 1803 to 1807. Died
February 1, 1807.
Casey, Samuel, — He was born in Kentucky,
and while residing in Washington City he was ap-
pointed, in 1853, Treasurer of the United States, and
held the office until 1860.
Casey, Samuel L, — He was elected a Repre-
sentative from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, and was subsequently appointed by President
Lincoln a Commissioner to look after certain national
interests in the South-western States.
Casey f Zadoc, — He was born in Georgia, and,
on removing to Illinois, was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1833 to 1843, and also
held the office of Lieutenant-Governor of the State,
and was a member of one of the State Constitutional
Conventions. Died at Caseyville, Illinois, in 1862,
aged sixty-six years.
Cashie, John S, — He was born in Virginia, and
was elected a Representative in Congress from his
native State from 1851 to 1855. serving as a member
of the Committee on the Judiciary. Died in Rich-
mond, Virginia, December 15, 1869.
Cason, Thomas J, — He was born in Union
County, Indiana, September 13, 1828 ; educated at
common schools, worked on a farm ; when seventeen
years of aore, commenced teaching school and read-
ing law ; was admitted to the bar of the Supreme
Court in May, 1852, and has continued to practice at
Lebanon, except when on the Bench ; was a member
of the Legislature in 1861, 1862, 1863, and 1864, and
of the State Senate in 1864, 1865, 1866, and 1867 ; was
appointed Judge of Common Pleas in 1867, and re-
elected to the same office for a term of four years ;
and was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth
Congresses, serving on the Committee on Revision of
Laws.
Cass, Lewis, — Born in Exeter, New Ham,pshire,
October 9, 1782. Having received a limited educa-
tion at his native place, at the early age of seventeen
he crossed the Alleghany Mountains on foot, to seek
a home in the " Great West," then an almost unex-
plored wilderness. Settled at Marietta, Ohio ; he
studied law, and was successful. Elected at twenty-
five to the Legislature of Ohio, he originated the bill
which arrested the proceedings of Aaron Burr, and,
as stated by Mr. Jefferson, was the first blow given
to what is known as Burr's Conspiracy. In 1807 he
was appointed by Mr. Jefferson Marshal of the
State, and held the office till the latter part of 1811,
when he volunteered to repel Indian aggressions on
the frontier. He was elected Colonel of the Third
Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, and entered the mili-
tary service of the United States at the commence-
ment of the War of 1812. Having by a difficult
march reached Detroit, he urged the immediate inva-
sion of Canada, and was the author of the proclama-
tion of that event. He was the first to land in arms
on the enemy's shore, and, with a small detachment
of troops, fought and won the first battle, that of the
Tarontoe. At the subsequent capitulation of Detroit
he was absent on important service, and regretted
that his command and himself had been included in
that capitulation. Liberated on parole, he repaired
to the seat of government to report the causes of the
disaster and the failure of the campaign. He was
immediately appointed a Colonel in the Regular army,
and soon after promoted to the rank of Brigadier-
General ; having in the meantime been elected Ma-
jor-General of the Ohio Volunteers. On being ex-
changed and released from parole, he again repaired
to the frontier, and joined the army for the recovery
of Michigan. Being at that time without a command,
he served and distinguished himself, as a volunteer
Aid-de-camp to General Harrison, at the battle of the
Thames. He was appointed by President Madison
in October, 1813, Governor of Michigan. His position
combined, with the ordinary duties of chief magistrate
of a civilized community, the immediate manage-
ment and control, as Superintendent, of the relations
with the numerous and powerful Indian tribes in
that region of country. He conducted with success
the affairs of the Territory under embarrassing cir-
cumstances. Under his sway peace was preserved
between the whites and the treacherous and disaf-
fected Indians, law and order established, and the
Territory rapidly advanced in population, resources,
and prosperity. He held this position till July, 1831,
when he was, by President Jackson, made Secretary
of War. In the latter part of 1836 President Jackson
appointed him Minister to France, where he remained
until 1842, when he requested his recall, and returned
to this country. In January, 1845, he was elected, by
the Legislature of Michigan, to the Senate of the
United States, which place he resigned on his nomi-
nation, in May, 1848, as a candidate for the Presidency
by the political party to which he belonged. After
the election of his opponent (General Taylor) to that
office, the Legislature of his State, in 1849, re-elected
him to the Senate for the unexpired portion of his
original term of six years. When Mr. Buchanan
became President, he invited General Cass to the head
of the Department of State, which position he
resigned in December, 1860. He devoted some atten-
tion to literary pursuits, and his writings, speeches,
and State papers would make several volumes ;
among which is one entitled "France, its King,
Court, and Government," published in 1840. He died
in Detroit, June 17, 1866. ,
Cass, Lewis, Jr, — He was born in Detroit,
Michigan, and the noted Governor and Cabinet Min-
ister bearing the same name, was his father. He
was liberally educated ; in 1849 he was appointed
Charge d'Affaires to the Papal States ; and in 1854
promoted to the rank of Minister Resident, and he
remained in Italy until 1858.
Cassedy, George, — He was born in Bergen
County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in
Congress from New Jersey from 1821 to 1827, and
died in Hackensack, New Jersey, December 31, 1842,
aged fifty- eight years.
Casserly , Eugene, — Born in Ireland in 1822 ;
came to this country with his parents in 1824 ; studied
law and came to the bar in New York city ; relin-
quished his profession and engaged in journalistic
labors ; removed to California in 1850, and identified
himself with the Press of San Francisco ; and he was
elected a Senator in Congress from California, for the
term commencing in 1869 and ending in 1875, serving
on the Committees on Printing, Public Lands, and
Foreign Relations. He resigned before the expiration
of his term.
Caswell, L, S, — ^Born in Swanton, Vermont,
November 27, 1827 ; went to Wisconsin in 1837 ;
received a liberal education, studied law, and went to
the bar in 1852 ; in 1855 and 1856 he was District-At-
torney ; Delegate to the Republican Convention of
1868 ; member of the State Legislature in 1863, 1872,
and 1874 ; and he was elected a Representative from
Wisconsin to the Forty-fourth Congress.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
73
Caswell f Hicharfl, — Born in Maryland, August
3, 1729 ; emigrated to North Carolina in 1746, where,
for some years, he was employed in the public offices,
and afterwards studied and practiced law with suc-
cess. From 1754 to 1771 he was a member of the
Colonial Assembly, and for the last two years was
Speaker of the House of Delegates. He commanded
the right wing of Try on' s forces at the battle of
Allamance, in 1771. He was a Delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress from 1774 to 1776. In 1775 he was
President of the Provincial Congress which framed
the Constitution of the State, and he was elected first
Governor of North Carolina under it, holding that
office till 1779. In 1780 he led the North Carolina
troops in the battle of Camden. In 1783 he was
Speaker of the Senate, and Comptroller-General, per-
forming the duties of both offices till 1784, when he
was again elected Governor, and held that position
till he became ineligible by the laws of the State. In
1787 he was a Delegate to the Convention for framing
the Federal Constitution. In 1789 was elected State
Senator, and was a member of the Convention which
ratified the Constitution. He was also Speaker of the
Senate, and, whilst presiding over that body, Novem-
ber 5, 1789, he was struck with paralysis, which
proved fatal in ten days.
Cafe^ George W, — Born in Montpelier, Ver-
mont, in September, 1824 ; received a common-
school education, studied law, was admitted to the
bar, and settled in Portage County, Wisconsin. Was
District- Attorney, a member of the Legislature for
two terms ; Judge of the Circuit Court of the Seventh
Judicial Circuit in 1854, and re-elected three terms to
the same office, holding the position twenty-one years,
and in 1874 resigned it to be elected a Representative
from Vermont to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Cathcart, Charles W, — He was born in the
Island of Madeira in 1809 ; went to sea in early life,
and studied mechanics ; removed to Indiana in 1831 ;
was for several years a United States Surveyor ;
served in the State Legislature ; was a Presidential
Elector in 1845 ; was elected a Representative in Con-
gress from Indiana from 1845 to 1849, and was a
Senator in Congress from 1852 to 1853, by appoint-
ment. Of late years he has been devoted to farming.
Catlin, George S. — Born in Harwington, Litch-
field County, Connecticut, in 1809 ; received a com-
mon-school and academic education ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from 1843 to 1845. He was also
a number of years in the State Legislature, State At-
torney, and Judge of the Windham County Court.
He died in December, 1851.
CafOf Sterling G, — He was born in Georgia and
removed to Alabama, from which State he was
appointed an Associate Justice of the United States
Court for the Territory of Kansas.
Catron, tToJin, — He was born in Wythe County,
Virginia, in 1778 ; received a common-school educa-
tion, and removed to Tennessee in 1812 ; served with
General Jackson in the New Orleans campaign ;
studied law, and soon after coming to the bar was ap-
pointed Attorney fpr the State ; in 1818 he settled in
Nashville, and obtained a high reputation as a chan-
cery lawyer ; in 1824 he was appointed one of the
Judges of the Supreme Court of the State ; and in
1837 he was appointed by President Van Buren a
Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States,
which position he held until his death, which occur-
red at Nashville, May 30, 1865.
Cattellf Alexander G, — He was born in Salem,
New Jersey, February 12, 1816 ; was educated at the
2
village school ; spent a part of his youth as a clerk in
his father's store ; was elected in 1840 to the State
Legislature ; from 1842 to 1844 he was Clerk of the
General Assembly, and in the latter year he was a
member of the State Constitutional Convention. In
1846 he settled in Philadelphia as a merchant ; became
a Director in the Mechanics' Bank ; and was elected to
the city Councils from 1850 to 1854. In 1855 he
returned to New Jersey, but continued his business in
Philadelphia ; was one of the early Presidents of the
Corn Exchange Association of that city ; in 1858 he
organized the Corn Exchange Bank, and was Presi-
dent of the same ; and in 1866 he was elected a Sen-
ator in Congress from New Jersey, for the term
ending in 1871, in the place of J. P. Stockton,
unseated by the Senate, serving on the Committees
on Finance, and Agriculture, and Public Lands. He
was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists'
Convention " of 1866.
Canlfieldf Bernard G, — Born in Alexandria,
Virginia, October 18, 1828 ; graduated at Georgetown
College, District of Columbia, in 1848, and in the law
department of Pennsylvania University in 1850, and at
once admitted to the bar ; removed to Chicago in
1853, where he has since been engaged in the practice
of his profession ; never sought or held any public
office until elected a Representative to the Forty-
fourth Congress from Illinois ; and in December,
1874, was again elected to fill the unexpired term of
J. B. Rice, deceased. In December, 1875, he was ap-
pointed Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures
in the Department of Justice.
Causey, JP. F, — He was born in 1801 ; was a
merchant by occupation ; elected Governor of Dela-
ware in 1854, and remained in office four years ; and
he died in Milford, Delaware, February 17, 1871.
Causin, John W, S. — He was born in Mary-
land ; was a lawyer by i3rofession ; served several
terms in the Legislature ; was a Representative in
Congress from his native State from 1843 to 1845 ; and
in 1849 a Presidential Elector. Died at Cairo,
Illinois, January 30, 1861.
Cavanatighf James 31. — He was born in
Springfield, Massachusetts, July 4, 1823 ; received a
common-school education ; wrote for a newspaper ;
adopted the profession of law ; removed to Minnesota
in 1854, and was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress ;
removed to Colorado in 1861, and was a member of
its Constitutional Convention ; removed to Montana
in 1866 and was elected a Delegate to the Fortieth
Congress.
Cessna, John. — He was born in Bedford County,
Pennsylvania; graduated at Marshall College in
1842 ; was a tutor in that institution for a short time ;
after which he studied law, and came to the bar in
1845 ; in 1849 he was elected to the State Legisla-
ture, and on being re-elected, was made Speaker ; in
1861, he was again elected to the Legislature, and
again made Speaker ; he was a Delegate to the Cin-
cinnati Convention of 1856 ; also to the Charleston
and Baltimore Conventions of 1860; in 1865, he was
chosen Chairman of the Republican State Conven-
tion ; and in 1868, he was elected a Representative
from Pennsylvania to the Forty-first and Forty-third
Congresses, serving on the Committees on Elections,
and the War Department. In 1875, he was appointed
Assistant Attorney-General, but declined.
Chaffee, Calvin C— Born in Saratoga, New
York, August 28. 1811. He early devoted himself to
the study of medicine ; graduated at Middlebury
College, Vermont ; and on becoming a citizen of
Massachusetts, he was elected a Representative in
74
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
\
Congress from that State to the Thirty-fourth and
Thi rtv-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the
Committee on Invalid Pensions. In 1859 he was ap-
pointed Librarian of the House of Representatives,
which office he held until 1861, when he was succeed-
ed by the compiler of this volume.
Chdffee, tTerome JS» — He was born in Niagara
County, New York, April 17, 1825 ; received an aca-
demic education ; became largely engaged in mining
operations ; was elected to the Legislature of Colora-
do in 1861, 1862, and 1863, and served as Speaker of
the House ; was elected by the State Legislature of
the proposed State of Colorado in 1865 a United
States Senator; and was elected to the Forty-second
and two subsequent Concrresses, as Delegate from
the Territory of Colorado, serving on the Committee
on Territories.
Chalmers, Joseph W. — He was a Senator in
Congress from Mississippi, from 1845 to 1847.
Oharnherlain, D, H, — He was born in West
Brookfield, Worcester "County, Massachuoetts, June
28, 1835 ; graduated at Yale 'College in 1862, and at
Harvard Law School in 1863 ; served in the Fifth
Massachusetts Cavalry from 1863 to 1865 ; settled in
Charlest(m, South Carolina, in 1866 ; elected Attor-
ney-General of the State in 1868 ; and in 1874 he was
elected Governor of South Carolina.
Chamberlain f Ebenezer M, — He was born in
Maine, and was a Representative in Congress from
Indiana, from 1853 to 1855.
ChamberlaiUf tTacob JP. — He was born in
Massachusetts, and was a Representative from New
York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the
Committee on Agriculture.
Cliamberlain , John C, — He graduated at Har-
vard University in 1793 ; practiced law at Alstead,
New Hampshire ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1809 to 1811. He died at
Utica, New York, December 8, 1834, aged sixty -two
years.
Chamberlain, William, — He was a Presiden-
tial Elector in 1801, and a Representative in Congress
from Vermont, from 1803 to 1805. and again from 1809
to 1811. He was a State Councilor from 1796 to
1803 ; served five years in the State Legislature ; was
Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont from 1813 to 1815 ;
and Chief Justice of a State Court from 1801 to 1803,
and in 1814.
Chamberlin, Joshua Lawrence* — Born in
Bangor, Maine, September 8, 1828 ; graduated at
Bowdoin College in 1852, and Bangor Theological
Seminary in 1855 ; in his boyhood went to a military
academy at Ellsworth ; was Professor of Bowdoin
College from 1855 to 1862, when he was appointed
Lieutenant-Colonel of the Twentieth Maine Infantry,
and Colonel in 1863 ; Brigadier-General in 1864 for
gallantry at Petersburg, where he was severely
wounded ; was Brevet Major-General, and again
wounded at Quaker Road, in 1865 ; commanded the
First Division, Fifth Corps, and led the advance
which ended in Lee's surrender in 1865 ; and his com-
mand received the formal surrender of the arms and
colors of Lee's army. He was engaged in twenty-
four pitched battles, and was six times wounded.
He resumed his professorship of Modern Languages
in 1865, and in 1871 was elected President of Bow-
doin College. Received the degree of LL.D. from
Pennsylvania College in 1866, and Bowdoin Col-
leire in 1868 ; was Governor of Maine from 1866 to
1870.
Chambers, David, — He was born in Allentown,
Northampton County, Pennsylvania, in 1780. He
was educated by his father, who was a school-teacher;
and in 1794 was employed as a confidential express to
carry dispatches from General Henry Lee to Presi-
dent Washington during the Whiskey Insurrection ;
in 1796 he was placed in the office of the Aurora
newspaper to learn the printer's trade ; and, after
spending the sixteen subsequent years on a farm in
Virginia, he removed to Zanesville, Ohio, where he
conducted a newspaper, and was elected State Print-
er. When the seat of government was removed to
Columbus, he was appointed Secretary of the Senate ;
during the years 1812 and 1813 he was Aid-de-camp
to General Cass ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Ohio from 1821 to 1823. He subsequently
served a number of years in the State Legislature of
Ohio ; was Speaker in 1844, and was a member of the
Constitutional Convention of 1851 ; having also been
elected Mayor of Zanesville, Recorder, and Clerk of
the Court of Common Pleas. Of late years he has
been wholly devoted to agricultural pursuits. Died
at Zanesville, Ohio, August 8, 1864,
Chambers, Ezehiel F, — Born in Kent County,
Maryland, February 28, 1788 ; graduated at Washing-
ton College when seventeen years of age ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1808 ; he per-
formed some military service in 1812, and subse-
quently attained the rank of Brigadier-General ; in
1822 he was elected to the State Senate against his
will ; he took an active part, in 1825, in arranging
a system of legislation for the recovery of slaves ;
he was a Senator in Congress from Maryland from
1826 to 1834, serving as Chairman of the Committee
on the District of Columbia ; in 1834 he was appointed
Chief Judge of the Second Judicial District, and a
Judge of the Court of Appeals, which offices he held
until 1851, when the judiciary became elective ; hav-
ing been, in 1850, an active member of the Convention
which changed the State Constitution. He was offered
in 1852, by President Fillmore, the post of Secretary
of the Navy in the place of Secretary Graham, who
resigned, but his health compelled him to decline the
honor. In 1864 he was the Democratic candidate for
Governor of Maryland, and was for many years a
Delegate to the Conventions of the Episcopal Church.
In 1833 Yale College conferred upon him the degree of
Doctor of Laws, and in 1852 he received the same
honor from the Delaware College. He died in Chester-
town, Maryland, January 30, 1867.
Chatnbers, George, — Born in Chambersburg,
Pennsylvania, in 1786 ; graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1804 ; studied law, and was admitted to the
bar in 1807, and practiced extensively in the Franklin
County Courts. He was a Representative in Congress
from Pennsylvania from 1833 to 1837, and was then
elected a Delegate to the Pennsylvania Constitutional
Convention. In 1851 he was appointed by the Gov-
ernor, with the unanimous consent of the Senate, a
Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, which
office he held until the expiration of its tenure under
the Constitution. Since that time he has lived in re-
tirement, discharging nfiany trusts and offices in pro-
motion of religion and education in the town of his
birth, which bears his father's name. Died in March,
1866.
Chambers, Henry, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from 1825 to 1826 from Alabama, and died Janu-
ary 25, 1826,
Chambers, John, — Born in New Jersey in 1779 ;
emigrated to Kentucky when thirteen years of age ;
studied law, and practiced the profession with suc-
cess ; was an Aid-de-camp to General Harrison at the
battle of the Thames ; was appointed Governor of the
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
75
Territory of Iowa by President Harrison, manifesting
great ability and prudence in his intercourse with the
Indians ; and by President Taylor he was appointed a
Commissioner to make a treaty with the Sioux In-
dians. He was a member of Congress from Kentucky
from 1827 to 1829, and again from 1835 to 1839. He
died near Paris, Kentucky, September 21, 1852.
Champion, JEpaphroditus, — He was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Connecticut from
1807 to 1817 ; a man greatly respected for his public
and private character ; and died at East Haddam,
Connecticut, November 22, 1835, aged seventy-eight
years.
CJiainplifif Christopher 6r. — He was a native
of Newport, Rhode Island ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1786 ; was a member of Congress from
Rhode Island from 1797 to 1801, and a Senator of the
United States from 1809 to 1811. At the time of his
death, which occurred March 18, 1840, in the seventy-
fourth year of his age, he was President of the Rhode
Island Bank.
Chandler, John, — Was a native of Maine when
a part of Massachusetts, representing it in the State
S'enate from 1803 to 1805, and in Congress from 1805
to 1808, and for three years was Sheriff of Kennebec
County. In 1812 he was appointed Brigadier-General,
and took an active part in the Canadian campaign,
having his horse shot under him at the battle of
Stony Creek, where he was wounded and taken pris-
oner. He was elected to the United States Senate
in 1820, being one of the first two Senators from
Maine after its separation from Massachusetts, serv-
ing two terms, until 1829. In 1829 he was appointed
Collector of the port of Portland, serving until 1837 ;
and he died at Augusta, September, 1841.
Chandler, Joseph H. — He was born in King-
ston, Plymouth County, Massachusetts, in 1792 ; was
liberally educated, and adopted the profession of
law ; edited for many years a newspaper in Phila-
delphia, entitled the United States Gazette; was a
Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from
1849 to 1855 ; and in 1858 he was appointed by
President Buchanan Minister to Naples. After his
return he became editor of the Philadelphia North
American. In 1821 he published a " Grammar of the
English Language," and subsequently a large num-
ber of Essays and Addresses on subjects connected
with Social Life and Literature.
Chandler, Thomas. — He was born in Bedford,
New Hampshire, August 10, 1772 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; was a farmer by occupation ;
and had a fondness for sacred music, which he taught
to a limited extent among his neighbors. He was a
Justice of the Quorum in 1808 ; a Captain of Militia
in 1815 ; was a member of the New Hampshire Leg-
islature in 1827 ; and a Representative in Congress
from his native State from 1829 to 1833. Died in
Bedford, January 28, 1866. His brother, John Chand-
ler, was also in Congress, and he was the uncle of the
Senator, Zachariah Chandler.
Chandler, William E, — ^He was born in Con-
cord, New Hampshire, December 28, 1835 ; received
a common-school education, and studied law at the
Harvard Law School ; received the degree of LL.B.
from that institution ; came to the bar in 1855, and
practiced the profession until 1865 ; from 1859 to 1865
he was reporter of the Supreme Court of New Hamp-
shire ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1862,
1863, and 1864, and twice chosen Speaker ; was made
an A.M. by Dartmouth College ; in 1865 appointed by
President Lincoln Judge- Advocate General ; soon
afterwards appointed Assistant Secretary of the Treas-
ury, and resigned in 1867. He was also Secretary of
the National Republican Committee, and partici])ated
in the campaigns of 1868 and 1872. Of late years has
been devoted to his profession.
Chandler, Zachariah, — Born in Bedford, New
Hampshire, December 10, 1813 ; received an academ-
ical education ; was bred a merchant ; was Mayor of
Detroit, Michigan, in 1851 ; defeated candidate for
Governor of Michigan in 1852 ; and a Senator in
Congress, from Michigan, having succeeded Senator
Cass in that capacity, and taking his seat in the
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on the District of Columbia, and Chairman
of the Committee on Commerce. He was re-elected
to the Senate in 1863, for the term ending in 1869,
serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims
and on Mines and Mining, and again as Chairman of
the Committee on Commerce. He was a member of
the National Committee appointed to accompany the
remains of President Lincoln to Illinois ; also a Dele-
gate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of
1866. Re-elected to the Senate for the term ending
in 1875, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Commerce. In October, 1875, he was appointed Sec-
retary of the Interior.
Chaney, John, — He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from
1833 to 1839.
Chanler^ John Winthrop, — Born in the city
of New York in 1826 ; was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1859 and 1860, and declined a re-
nomination ; and in 1862 he was elected a Represent-
ative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Patents. Re-elected to
the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees
on the Bankrupt Law, on Patents, and Southern
Railroads. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, and
was placed on the Committees on Elections, Southern
Railroads, and Patents.
Chapin, Chester W, — ^He was born in Ludlow,
Hampshire County, Massachusetts, December 16,
1798 ; was well educated at the common schools.
During his long and active life he was engaged in
the various occupations of a farmer, merchant, bank-
er, manufacturer, and the business of transportation
by sea and land ; and was long the President of the
Boston and Albany Railroad Company. In 1853 he
was a member of the State Constitutional Convention
of his State ; and in 1874 he was elected a Represent-
ative from Massachusetts to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
CJiapin, Graham H, — He was born in Con-
necticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1817 ; and
was a Representative in Congress from New York
from 1835 to 1837, and died in 1843.
Chapman, Augustus A, — He was born in
Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1843 to 1847.
Chajnnan, Bird JS, — 'H.e was born in Con-
necticut, and, on removing to Nebraska, was elected
a Delegate from that Territory to the Thirty-fourth
Congress.
Chapman, Charles, — Born in Newtown, Con-
necticut, in 1799 ; received an academical education ;
studied law, and practiced at Newtown from 1824 to
1827 ; removed to Hartford in 1832, and from that city
was three times elected to the Legislature ; from 1841
to 1845 he was United States District Attorney ; was a
Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1853 ; Tern-
perance candidate for Governor in 1854 ; and his abili-
76
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
ties as a criminal lawyer gave him a wide reputation.
Died in Hartford, August 7, 1869. His father, j^sa
Chapman, was also an eminent lawyer, and a Judge of
the Supreme Court of Connecticut.
Chapman^ Henry, — Born in Bucks County,
Pennsylvania, about_the year 1805 ; received a good
education, and read law under the competent direction
of his father ; admitted to the bar about 1826 ; was a
member of the State Senate for three years, from
January, 1843 ; President Judge of the Fifteenth
Judicial District of Pennsylvania for some years after
leaving the Senate ; was a Representative in the Thir-
ty-fifth Congress from Pennsylvania ; and elected
President Judge of the Seventh Judicial District of
Pennsylvania in 1861.
Chapmarif tTohn, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1797 to 1799.
Chapman f John G. — He was born in Charles
County, Maryland, July 5, 1798, and died December
10, 1856. He laid the foundation of his education at
Yale College, which he left during his senior term,
on account of his health, and afterwards refused a
diploma which was tendered to him by the faculty.
He studied law with William Wirt, and after practic-
ing for some time, turned his attention to politics, and
between the years 1824 and 1844 he was almost con-
stantly in the Legislature of Maryland. In 1845 he
was elected a Representative in Congress, and again
re-elected in 1847, serving on important Committees,
and doing much good for his constituents and the
public at large. He was chosen President of the Con-
vention which framed the Constitution of Maryland in
1851 ; and his last public act was to preside as Chair-
man of the National Whig Convention which met in
Baltimore in 1856 to nominate Millard Fillmore for the
Presidency. He was an eloquent speaker, filled all his
public trusts with fidelity, and died lamented by
a large number of warm personal friends.
Chapman^ John Gadshy, — Born in Alexan-
dria, Virginia ; studied and practiced the art of paint-
ing for several years at Rome ; established himself in
New York ; furnished many original designs for illus-
trations of published works, such as Harper's Bible.
He received an order from Congress to fill one of the
panels in the Rotunda of the Capitol, and painted the
" Baptism of Pocahontas ;" in 1848 he went to reside
at Rome ; among his pictures are, " Israelites Spoil-
ing the Egyptians," ** Etruscan Girl," and "First Ital-
ian Milestone," and many pictures illustrative of
Indian character. He published an " American Draw-
ing Book," and an " Amateur's Drawing Manual."
Chapman, Reuben, — He was born in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from Alabama
from 1835 to 1848 ; also Governor of that State from
1847 to 1849.
Chapman f William W, — He was a Delegate
to Congress from the Territory of Iowa from 1889 to
1841.
Chappellf Absalom H, — He was bom in
Georgia, and was a Representative from that State
to the Twenty-eighth Congress.
Chappell, John J, — Born in Fairfield District,
South Carolina, January 19, 1782 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1804 ; was a Solicitor of Equity, Colonel
of Militia, a Trustee of the State College in 1809,
and a Bank Director ; and a Representative in Con-
gress from South Carolina from 1813 to 1817.
Charlton, Mohert M, — He was born in Savan-
nah, Georgia, January 19, 1807 ; was liberally edu-
cated ; studied law and came to the bar before at-
taining his majority ; served in the State Legislature ;
became United States District Attorney ; and in his
twenty-seventh vear was appointed Judge of the Su-
preme Court of Eastern Georgia. He was a poet, and
published a volume of poems in 1889 ; and also pub-
lished a prose work entitled " Leaves from the Port-
folio of a Georgia Lawyer," as well as a variety of
historical and other lectures and literary addresses.
His service in Congress was as a Senator from Geor-
gia, by appointment, during a part of the years 1852
and 1858. He died at Savannah, January 8, 1854.
Chase, Dudley, — Was born in Cornish, Sulli-
van County, New Hampshire, December 80, 1771.
He received an academic education, and graduated at
Dartmouth College in 1791. Having been admitted
to the bar he commenced practice in Vermont, and,
from 1808 to 1811, he was State's Attorney for Orange
County. He was a member of the Constitutional
Conventions of 1814 and 1822. He was a Representa-
tive from Randolph to the Legislature of Vermont in
1805, and the seven succeeding years, during five of
which he was Speaker of the House of Representa-
tives, and was again elected Representative from the
same town in 1828 and 1824. He was elected United
States Senator from Vermont from 1818 to 1819, but
he resigned his seat in 1817. He was chosen Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont in 1817,
holding the same office by annual re-elections until
1821. He then returned to his profession of the law
for a few years, and in 1824 he was again chosen
United States Senator from 1825 to 1881, inclusive,
when he retired wholly from public life, and devoted
his attention to farming and gardening, of which he
was excessively fond. He was a brother of the late
Philander Chase, Bishop of Illinois ; and died at
Randolph, Vermont, February 28, 1846.
Chase, George W, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1858 to 1855. Died in Maryland, Otsego County,
New York, May 1, 1867.
Chase, Jeremiah T, — He was a Delegate from
Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1788 to
1784.
Chase, JLticien JB, — ^He was born in Vermont,
and was a Representative in Congress from Tennes-
see from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, ending
in 1849. He was the author of a work entitled
" History of President Polk's Administration." Died
in December, 1864, aged forty-seven years.
Chase, Salmon JP, — He was born in Cornish,
New Hampshire, January 13, 1808. His education
began at home, and was continued at the schools and
academies of New Hampshire and central Ohio, and
completed at the Cincinnati College, and at Dart-
mouth, in New Hampshire, graduating in 1826. He
studied law in Washington City with William Wirt,
and practiced his profession in Cincinnati, Ohio, for
many years. His first public position was that of
School Examiner, in Cincinnati, in 1889 ; in 1840 he
was a City Councilman ; in 1845 he projected what
was called a Liberty Convention ; was a member of
the Free-soil Convention held at Buffalo in 1848 ; and
was a Senator in Congress from Ohio from 1849 to
1855, and elected Governor of Ohio in 1855, and re-
elected in 1857. In 1860 he was again chosen a
Senator in Congress ; but on the day after he took
his seat he was appointed Secretary of the Treasury
in President Lincoln's Cabinet, but resigned in July,
1864. It was while the country was passing through
the trials of the Rebellion that the National Finan-
ces were successfully carried through under his ad-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
77
ministration. He was a member, also, of the Peace
Congress of 1861. On December 6, 1864, be was
appointed by President Lincoln Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court of the United States, to succeed R.
B. Taney. By virtue of his position as Chief Jus-
tice he presided over the Senate while acting as a
Court of Impeachment, during the trial of President
Andrew Johnson, in 1868. Died in Washington,
May 7, 1871
Chase f Samuel, — Born in Somerset County,
Maryland, April 17, 1741 ; received a good education,
and came to the bar in his twenty-second year, set-
tling at Annapolis ; he was one of the " Sons of
Liberty ; " was sent by Maryland as a Delegate to
the Continental Congress, where he served from 1774
to 1778, and in 1784 and 1785 ; was a signer of the
Declaration of Independence ; and he it was who
proclaimed on the floor of Congress that they had a
Judas among them, in the person of J. J. Zubly, of
Georgia, and also made a severe demonstration
against the Society of Friends for alleged disloyalty.
In 1786 he settled in Baltimore, and in 1788 was ap-
pointed Chief Justice of the Criminal Court, and was
a member of the Convention that ratified the Federal
Constitution. In 1796 he was appointed by Washing-
ton an Associate on the Supreme Bench ; in 1804, at
the instigation of John Randolph, he was impeached,
and having been arraigned in 1805, after a long trial,
his alleged improper conduct on the bench was ap-
proved. Died June 19, 1811. He was a man of high
character and rare benevolence, and it was to him
that William Pinkney was indebted for his education
and subsequent success in life.
Chase f Samuel, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1827 to 1829.
Chastain, Edward W, — He was born in South
Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress from
Georgia, from 1851 to 1855.
Chatfieldf A., Cr, — He was an early emigrant to
Minnesota, and in 1853 he was appointed an Associate
Justice of the United States Court for the Territory
of Minnesota.
Chavez, J, Francisco.-^He was born in Pa-
dillas, Bernalillo County, New Mexico, June 27, 1833 ;
received a liberal education at St. Louis, Missouri ;
studied medicine at the College of Physicians and
Surgeons in New York ; and was devoted for several
years to mercantile pursuits, and to the raising of
cattle for the California market. In 1861 he entered
the military service of the United States, and was
appointed Major of the First Regiment of Infantry
raised in New Mexico, and, after participating in
several battles and seeing much active service on the
frontier, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-
Colonel, and was mustered out at his own request in
1864 ; and in 1865 he was elected a Delegate from
New Mexico to the Thirty-ninth Congress ; and re-
elected to the Fortieth Congress, to which he was ad-
mitted during the last month of said Congress.
CheathaiUf Hichard, — He was a Represent-
ative in Congress from Tennessee from 1837 to 1839.
Died in September, 1845.
Chenowithf F, A, — He was born in Ohio, re-
moved to Iowa, and from that State was appointed
Associate Justice of the United States Court for the
Territory of Washington.
Chestnut f James, Jr, — Born near Camden,
South Carolina, in 1815 ; graduated at Princeton Col-
lege ; from 184^ to 1852 was a member of the State
Legislature ; from 1854 to 1858 he was a member of
the State Senate ; he was appointed to a seat in the
United States Senate, taking the same during the
second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was
subsequently elected to that position, but was ex-
pelled July 11,1861. He became identified with the
Rebellion of 1861, as a member of the so-called Con-
federate Congress ; and also a Delegate to the New
York Convention of 1868.
Chettvood, Williafn, — Born in New Jersey in
1769 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1792, and
admitted to the bar in 1798. During the Whiskey
Insurrection he attended Major-General Lee as Aid-
de-camp ; at one time served in the State Council of
New Jersey, and was elected to Congress from that
State, to fill a vacancy during the administration of
President Jackson. He was an able lawyer, practiced
his profession until his seventieth year, and died De-
cember 18, 1857.
Chet'eSf Langdon, — He was born in Abbeville
District, South Carolina, September 17, 1776 ; was
admitted to the bar in 1801 ; elected to the State Leg-
islature in 1808 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1809 ;
and afterwards Attorney-General of the State. He
was a Representative in Congress from South Carolina
from 1811 to 1816, and was Speaker during the second
session of the Thirteenth Congress. He was also a
Commissioner of Claims under the Treaty of Ghent ;
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1816 to
1819, and for a time President of the United States
Bank. Resigning this trust he returned to Carolina,
and withdrew from public life. He died June 26,
1857.
Cheiv, JBenjamin, — Born in Anne Arundel
County, Maryland, November 29, 1722 ; his grand-
father, Samuel, having come to America with Lord
Baltimore ; he studied law and settled on the Dela-
ware ; in 1754 he went to Philadelphia, and held the
offices respectively of Recorder, Register of Wills,
Attorney-General, and Chief Justice of the State.
Was a member of the House of Delegates. When
hostilities commenced, was claimed by both parties ;
but, after the Declaration of Independence, was de-
cided against the Whigs, and, because he refused to
sign a parole in 1777, he was imprisoned at Fred-
ericksburg in Virginia. From 1790 to 1806 he was
President of the High Court of Errors and Appeals,
and died January 20, 1810.
Chilcott, George M, — Born in Huntingdon
County, Pennsylvania, January 2, 1828 ; in 1844 re-
moved with his father to Iowa ; studied medicine,
but did not practice the profession. In 1852 he was
chosen Sheriff of Jefferson County ; emigrated to Ne-
braska Territory in 1856 ; during the latter part of that
year he was elected to the Territorial Legislature ; in
1859 he settled in Colorado, and in 1861 was elected
to the Legislature of that Territory ; in 1862 he was
admitted to the bar of the same ; in 1863 he was ap-
pointed by President Lincoln a Register of the Land
Office, serving four years ; in 1865 he was elected to
Congress as a Representative under the State organi-
zation, but not admitted ; and in 1866 he was
elected a Delegate from Colorado to the Fortieth
Congress. In 1866 he was admitted to practice be-
fore the Supreme Court of the United States.
ChildSf Thomas,— Re was born in New York,
and was a Representative from that State during the
Thirty-fourth Congress.
Childs, Timothy,— Rq was born in Massachu-
setts ; was a member of the Assembly of New York
in 1828 and 1833 ; and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1829 to 1831, from
\
78
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
1835 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. Died at
Santa Cruz, in November, 1847.
Chiltorif Samuel,— H.e was born in Virginia
in 1804, and was a Representative in Congress from
tbat State from 1843 to 1845. After receiving a good
education, he studiedr And adopted tlie profession of
law ; filled various offices of trust and honor, and,
after retiring from Congress, was a member of the
State Constitutional Convention. Died at his resi-
dence in Fauquier County, Virginia, January 14,
1867.
Chinn, Joseph TF.— He was a Representative
in Congress from Virginia from 1831 to 1835, and died
at Richmond, December 5, 1840.
Chinn, Thomas W, — He was bom in Ken-
tucky, and, removing to Louisiana, was elected a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1839
to 1841.
Chintif Thomas W, — He was a citizen of Lou-
isiana, and in 1849 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires
to the Two Sicilies, but soon resigned, having held
the office only from June to October.
ChipmaUf Daniel, — Born in 1765, in Salisbury,
Connecticut ; graduated at Dartmouth in 1788 ; was a
lawyer by profession, and practiced at Ripton, Ver-
mont. He was for many years in the Legislature,
and was frequently Speaker of the House of Repre-
sentatives of his State, and a member of the last State
Constitutional Convention ; he was the first reporter
of the decisions of the Supreme Court, and author of
an able work on ' ' Law Contracts for the Sale of Spe-
cific Articles," which is highly esteemed by the pro-
fession. He was a member of Congress from 1815 to
1817, and died in Ripton, April 23, 1850.
Chipmarif Henry, — He was born in Vermont in
1785, and after receiving a liberal education, adopted
the profession of law. When quite young he went
to South Carolina, and was engaged in the practice of
the profession in that State until 1824, when he was
appointed by President Monroe a Judge of the United
States for the Territory of Michigan, when lie re-
moved to Detroit, and from which time until his
death, which occurred in Detroit, he was one of the
most influential citizens of the State. Judge Chip-
man was a first-class man, and the qualities which
characterized Judge Chipman cannot, perhaps, be
better expressed than in his own language, addressed
to the compiler, when speaking of Mr. Woodbridge : —
" In his politics he was a disciple of the Washington
school, whose principles he had imbibed in early life
from his association with the founders of the Repub-
lic and framers of the Federal Constitution, He was
truly national and conservative in his views and feel-
ings, and always a devoted friend of the Union. He
could never stoop to play the political partisan for his
own advancement, but always, carried his political
opinions as parts of his private conscience and per-
sonal integrity, and never allowed a difference of po-
litical opinion to interfere with his social relations or
public duties."
Chipman, John S, — He was born in Vermont,
graduated at Middlebury College in 1823, and was a
Representative in Congress from Michigan from 1845
to 1847. Subsequently removed to California.
Chipman f Nathaniel, — Born in Salisbury,
Connecticut, November 15, 1752 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1777, and settled as a lawyer in Tinmouth,
Vermont ; and was Professor of Law for twenty- eight
years in Middlebury College. In 1786 he was elected
a Judge of the Supreme Qourt ; in 1789 he was chosen
Chief Justice ; and in 1791 was appointed Judge of
the United States District Court. He was subse-
quently again elected Chief Justice, and from 1797 to
1803 he was a member of the United States Senate
from Vermont. In 1793 he published " Sketches of
the Principles of Government," and "Reports and
Dissertations." He died at Tinmouth, February 13,
1843.
Chipman, Norton JP. — He was born in Mil-
ford Centre, Ohio, March 7, 1834 ; removed to Iowa
in 1845 ; entered Washington College, but left to at-
tend the Law School at Cincinnati, where he grad-
uated ; returned to Iowa and commenced the practice
of law ; entered the Union Army as private, and en-
rolled as second Lieutenant ; and was Adjutant and
Major of the Second Infantry ; was appointed Colonel
and additional Aid-de-camp in the Regular Army, and
at the close of the war was brevetted Brigadier-Gen-
eral ; settled at Washington City, where he had pre-
viously been on duty for two years ; was appointed
Secretary of the Territorial government of the Dis-
trict of Columbia at its organization, and was elected
a Delegate to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con-
gresses.
Chittenden, Lucius B, — He was born in Ver-
mont, and in 1861 was appointed from that State
Register in the United States Treasury, in which he
remained until 1867.
Chittenden, 3Iartin, — Born in Salisbury, Con-
necticut, March 12, 1769. In 1776 the family removed
to Williston, Vermont ; in 1789 graduated at Dart-
mouth College, but, owing to feeble health, he de-
voted himself to agricultural pursuits at Jericho, in
Chittenden County. He was a member of the Con-
vention that adopted the United States Constitution ;
was in 1790 elected County Clerk and Representative,
to which position he was re-elected for six years suc-
cessively, and also at occasional subsequent inter-
vals ; was Judge of the County Court from 1793 to
1795 ; Chief Justice from 1796 to 1803 ; and was a
Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1813, and
Governor of Vermont in 1813 and 1814. Was Judge
of Probate in 1821 and 1822. At the age of thirty-
three he attained the rank of Major-General of Mili-
tia. He was Governor during the war with England,
and refused to comply with the requisition of General
Macomb for the State Militia, and this act prevented
his re-election as Governor. He died at Williston,
Vennont, September 5, 1841.
Chittenden, Simeon IB, — He was born in Guil-
ford, Connecticut, March 29, 1814 ; received an aca-
demic education ; entered a store at New Haven, Con-
necticut, and removed to New York in 1843, where
he engaged in mercantile pursuits ; was Vice-Presi-
dent of the New York Chamber of Commerce from
1867 to 1869 ; one of the Directors in the Continental
Bank and in the Continental Fire Insurance Company;
a Director in the Delaware and Lackawanna and Wes-
tern and other Railroads ; President of the New Ha-
ven and New London Shore-Line Railroad of Connec-
ticut ; and was elected to the Forty- third Congress, to
fill a vacancy, and was re-elected to the Forty-fourth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Civil Service.
Chittenden, Thomas, — Born in East Guilford,
Connecticut, January 6, 1730 ; received a scanty edu-
cation ; removed at the age of twenty to Salisbury,
where he commanded a regiment ; was many years a
Representative in the Legislature, and Justice of the
Peace ; in 1774 emigrated to the New Hampshire
grants, as Vermont was then called, and settled at
Williston on the Onion River ; rendered service to the
State in the Councils during the Revolution ; was a
member of the Convention in 1777 which declared
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
79
Vermont an independent State, and was one of the
Commissioners to solicit admission into the Confed-
eracy ; in 1777 was a member of the State Constitu-
tional Convention ; President of the Council of Safe-
ty ; in 1778 was chosen Governor of the State, and,
with the exception of one year, filled that office till
his death. He died at Williston, Vermont, August
24, 1797.
CJiittenden^ T. C, — He was born in Massachu-
setts, and having removed to New York, was elected
a Representative from that State to the Twenty-
seventh Congress.
Chonte, Ruftis, — Was born at Ipswich, Mas-
sachusetts, October 1, 1799. He graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1819, and was afterwards chosen a
tutor in that institution, but having selected the law
for his profession, he entered the Law School at Cam-
bridge, and after spending a few months there went
to Washington and studied with William Wirt. He
completed his legal studies at an office in Salem, and
commenced the practice of his profession in the town
of Danvers in 1824. In 1825 he was elected a Repre-
sentative to the Massachusetts Legislature, and in
1827 he was in the Senate of the same State. He took
a prominent part in the debates, and won much repu-
tation by his energy and sagacity. In 1832 he was
elected a member of Congress from the Essex District,
but declined a re-election in 1834, and removed to
Boston, to devote himself to his profession. Here he
took an eminent position at the bar, and soon came
into an extensive practice. In 1841, on the retirement
of Mr. Webster from the Senate, Mr. Choate was
elected to fill the vacancy, and at the close of his
term he gave himself up wholly to his profession. He
was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, but
resigned the position. He was greatly distinguished
for his eloquence, but his style of speaking was pecu-
liar ; his judgment in the management of cases was
considered consummate. His published orations and
arguments are quite numerous, and all of a high
order. From Yale College he received the degree of
LL.D. He died at Halifax, Nova Scotia, while on his
way to Europe for his health, July 12, 1859. His
life and writings were published by Dr. S. G. Brown,
and another life by E. G. Parker.
Chvififn an, fJatnes S, — Was born in Kentucky ;
was a member of the Constitutional Convention of
that State in 1849 ; a Representative in Congress
from 1853 to 1855 ; contested for the seat in Congress
in 1860 with William C. Anderson, but was rejected ;
was a member of the Executive Council of the State
from 1861 to 1865 ; and a member of the Confederate
Congress during its existence.
Chrififiancy , Isaac J*. — Bom in Johnstown,
New York, in March, 1812 ; received an academical
education, and while yet a boy supported his father's
family by teaching school. Began the study of law,
and in 1836 removed to Monroe, Michigan, where he
completed his legal course and practiced the profes-
sion from 1838 to 1857. From 1841 to 1846 he was
.Prosecuting Attorney for Monroe County ; in 1848 he
attended the Free Soil Convention in Buffalo ; in 1849
elected to the State Senate ; in 1852 was the candi-
date for Governor, of the Free Soil party, and was a
prime mover in the political combinations of 1854.
He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia Convention of
1856 ; soon afterward purchased The Monroe Commer-
cial and became its editor ; was a candidate for the
United States Senate in 1857 ; in the same year was
elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and
in 1865 re-elected for eight years by the unanimous
vote of all parties ; served as an officer on the staffs
of Generals A. A. Humphreys and G. A. Custer dur-
ing the Rebellion, and was elected a Senator in
Congress from Michigan for the term ending in
1881.
Christie^ Gabriel, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland from 1793 to 1797, and from
1799 to 1801.
Christy^ tTohn H, — He was elected a Represent-
ative from Georgia to the Fortieth Congress.
Churchf Saintiel. — Born at Salisbury, Connecti-
cut, February, 1785 ; graduated at Yale College in
1803 ; studied law and settled in his native town,
which he represented in the Legislature and in the
State Senate from 1818 to 1831 ; was Judge of Probate
for eleven years ; Judge of the Superior Court in
1833 ; and Chief Justice from 1847 to 1854. Removed
to Litchfield in 1845. He received the degree of
LL.D. from Trinity College in 1847. Died at New-
town, September 12, 1854.
Churchf Sandford E. — He was born in Milford,
Otsego County, New York, April 18, 1815 ; received
a good education at the common schools and acade-
mies ; studied law and practiced the profession ; was
elected Lieutenant-Governor of New York in 1850 and
1852 ; in 1857 he was elected Comptroller of the
State, but was defeated for the same position at
the subsequent elections ; and in 1870 he was ap-
pointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New
York.
Churchill, John Charles* — He was born in
Mooers, Clinton County, New York, January 17,
1821 ; graduated at Middlebury College, Vermont, in
1843 ; adopted the profession of law ; from 1857 to
1859 he was the District Attorney for Oswego County ;
was County Judge of the same county from 1860 to
1863, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative
from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on
the Committee on the Judiciary. Re-elected to the
Forty-first Congress ; and made Chairman of Com-
mittee on Public Buildings, and serving on Committee
on Elections.
Churchtvellf William M, — He was born in
Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1852 to 1855.
alley f Sradbury. — He was a Representative
in Congress from New Hampshire from 1813 to
1817.
alley f fTonathan, — He was born in Notting-
ham, New Hampshire, July 2, 1802 ; graduated at
Bowdoin College in 1825 ; adopted the profession of
law, and admitted to the bar in 1829 ; was at one time
Speaker of the House of Representatives of Maine, of
which he was a member from 1832 to 1837 ; a Presi-
dential Elector in 1832 ; and a member of Congress
from Maine from 1837 to the time of his death. He
was killed at the third fire in a duel fought with Wil-
liam J. Graves, at Bladensburg, Maryland, February
24, 1838, with rifles, at eighty yards' distance.
alley, Joseph, — He was born in New Hamp-
shire, and was a Senator in Congress from that State,
from 1846 to 1847.
Clagett, William. W.—Ue was bom in Upper
Marlborough, Maryland, September 21, 1838 : studied
and practiced law ; removed to the Far West, and was
a member of the Legislature of Nevada in 1862, 1863,
and 1865, and elected to the Forty-second Congress
from that State.
Claf/fjeff, Clifton, — He was born in Rockingham
County, New Hampshire ; was Judge of Probate of
80
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Hillsborougli County from 1823 to 1827 ; Judge of
the Superior Court one or two years ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1803 to
1805, and again from 1817 to 1821 ; and died in 1829,
aged fifty-six years.
Claiborne^ John, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1805 to 1808. Died
during the latter year.
Claiboi^nef JoUn F, M, — Was a native of
Natchez, Mississippi ; educated and licensed as a
lawyer in Virginia ; was a Representative in the Leg-
islature of Mississippi during three sessions, and a
Representative in Congress from Mississippi from
1835 to 1838 ; afterwards conducted the Natchez
Free Trader, and also the Louisiana Courier, leading
journals of the South, and was editor of an agricultu-
ral journal published in New Orleans. He held the
office of United States Timber Agent for the Districts
of Louisiana and Mississippi, to which he was ap-
pointed by President Pierce. He wrote an historical
work relating to the South-west.
Claihornef Nathaniel H.—Re was born in
Sussex County, Virginia ; served many years in the
Legislature of that State ; was also a member of the
Executive Council ; and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1825 to 1837. Died in
Franklin County, Virginia, August 15, 1859, aged
eighty-three years.
Claiborne f Thomas* — He was a Representative
in Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1799, and
again from 1801 to 1805.
Claiborne, Thomas. — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Tennessee from 1817 to 1819.
Claiborne^ William C. C, — He studied law,
and settled in Tennessee, of which State he assisted
in forming the Constitution, and afterwards repre-
sented it in Congress from 1797 to 1801. In 1801 he
was appointed Governor of the Mississippi Territory,
and in 1804 of Louisiana, and to that office he was
also chosen by the people, after the adoption of its
Constitution, from 1812 to 1816. He was then elected
a Senator of the United States, but died before he
took his seat, at New Orleans, November 23, 1817.
Clap2yf Almon 31, — He was born in Connecti-
cut ; removed to New York, and was for many years
connected with the Press of Buffalo, conducting for
a time the Daily Express; and he was appointed
Congressional Printer in 1868, and was still in office
in 1875.
Clappf Asa W. H, — He was born in Maine, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1847 to 1849.
ClarJCf Abraham, — Born near Elizabethtown,
New Jersey, February 15, 1726. He was a self-made
man, and because of his habit of giving legal advice
gratuitously, he was called the " Poor Man's Coun-
selor." He was Sheriff and Clerk of the Colonial
Assembly, one of the Delegates to the Continental
Congress, and a signer of the Declaration of Indepen-
dence ; and, after the adoption of the Constitution,
was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey
from 1791 to 1794, when he resigned. He died Sep-
tember 15, 1794, of stroke of the sun.
Clarh, Ambrose W, — He was born near
Cooperstown, Otsego County, New York, February
19, 1810 ; received a common-school education ; was
employed in a printing-office at Cooperstown until he
became of age ; published for five years the Otsego
Republican; established and published for eight
years, in Lewis County, i\\e NortJiern Journal ; and
also published for sixteen years the Northern New
York Journal, in Watertown, Jefferson County. In
1859 he was elected a Representative from New York
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on Printing. He was re-elected to the Thirty-
eighth Congress in 1862, and was Chairman of the
Committee on Printing and a member of the Com-
mittee on Accounts. In 1865 he was appointed by
President Lincoln Consul at Valparaiso ; and in 1868,
by President Johnson, Charge d'Affaires at Santiago
during the absence of Minister Kilpatrick.
Clarh, AmoSf Jr, — He was born in Westfield,
New Jersey, November 8, 1827 ; received a practical
education ; has been in business in New York city ;
is a banker in Elizabeth, and largely interested in
real estate ; was a member of the City Council in
1865 and 1866 ; was elected State Senator from 1866
to 1869 ; was an Elector in 1872, and was elected to
the Forty -third Congress, serving on the Committee
on the District of Columbia.
Clark f Chinstopher, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Virginia from 1804 to 1806.
Clarh, Daniel, — He was born in Stratham,
Rockingham County, New Hampshire, October 24,
1809 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1834 ;
studied law, and came to the bar in 1837 ; was a mem-
ber of the New Hampshire Legislature in the years
1842, 1843, 1846, 1854, and 1855 ; in 1857 he was
elected a Senator in Congress from New Hampshire,
and in 1861 was re-elected for the term ending in
1867, serving as Chairman of the Committees on
Claims, the Judiciary, Indian Affairs, and as a mem-
ber of other important Committees. During the first
session of the Thirty-eighth Congress he was chosen
President pro tern, of the Senate, but resigned the
position at the close of the second session of the same
Congress. In July, 1866, he resigned his seat in the
Senate, and was appointed by President Johnson
Judge of the United States District Court for New
Hampshire. He was also a Delegate to the "Loyal-
ists' Convention" held in Philadelphia in 1866.
Clarlz, Edivard, — He was born in Philadelphia,
October 20, 1822 ; educated at the grammar schools
of that city, and in architecture by his father, Thomas
Clark, the well-known classical scholar and author ;
also studied the art with Thomas W. Walter ; re-
moved to Washington, 1851, and became an Assistant
Architect on the National Capitol, and Superintendent
in building the extensions of the Post Office Depart-
ment, and the Patent Office ; and on the resignation
of Mr. Walter, he was appointed Architect of the
Capitol, which position he still continues to occupy.
Clarh, Ezra, tfr.—Ile was born in Vermont,
and having removed to Connecticut, was elected a
Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a
member of the Committee on Elections.
ClarJCf Franklin, — He was born in Maine ; a
merchant by occupation ; and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849. Before
entering Congress he served in the State Legislature,
and was a member of the Executive Council in 1855.
Clark f Henry S, — Bom in Beaufort County,
North Carolina. He studied law ; went into the State
Legislature in 1834 ; was Solicitor for the Stat§ in
1842 ; and a Representative in Congress from North
Carolina from 1845 to 1847. He was at one time act-
ing Governor of the State, and died at Tarborough,
North Carolina, April 14, 1874.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
81
Clarli, Horace F, — He was born in Southbury,
New Haven County, Connecticut ; graduated at Wil-
liams College, Massachusetts ; adopted the law as a
profession ; and was elected a member of the Thirty-
fifth Congress from New York, serving as a member
of the Committee on the Judiciary. He was also re-
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a
member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. In 1868
the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by
Williams College. Died in New York, June 19, 1873.
Clark f flames, — Was born in 1779, in Bedford
County, Virginia, near the celebrated Peaks of Otter ;
removed with his father to Clark County, Kentucky ;
received the principal part of his education from a
private tutor ; studied law in Virginia ; and returned to
Kentucky to practice in Winchester, in 1797 ; was
several times a member of the State Legislature ; in
1810 was appointed Judge of the Court of Appeals ;
was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky
from 1813 to 1816 ; from 1817 to 1824 was Judge of
the Circuit Court ; and again a member of Congress
from 1825 to 1831 ; in 1833 was State Senator and
chosen Speaker ; was elected Governor in 1836 ; and
died September 27, 1839.
Clarh, James W, — Bom in Bertie County,
North Carolina ; graduated at Princeton College in
1796 ; was for several years in the House of Com-
mons ; a Presidential Elector in 1812 ; three years a
member of the State Senate ; and a Representative in
Congress from North Carolina from 1815 to 1817.
He was in 1828 appointed Chief Clerk of the Navy
Department, and died in January, 1844, in the sixty-
fifth year of his age.
ClarTiyJohn B. — Born in Madison County, Ken-
tucky, April 17, 1802. A lawyer by profession ;
removed to Missouri, and was appointed Clerk of
Howard County Court in 1824, serving till 1834. In
1832 commanded a regiment of mounted Militia dur-
ing the Black Hawk War, and made Major-General
of Militia in 1848 ; elected to the Legislature during
the session of 1850 and 1851 ; was chosen by the State
as commanding officer to expel the Mormons from
Missouri; and was a member of the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Territories. He
was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving
on the Committee on Territories ; re-elected to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, but took part in the Rebel-
lion of 1861 as a Colonel, having been expelled from
the House in July, 1861.
Clark f John JE>. Jr, — He was born in Fayette,
Missouri, January 14, 1831 ; attended the common
schools; entered the Missouri University and remained
there two years ; studied law, and graduated in the
Law Department of Harvard University ; practiced
law from 1855 until the commencement of the war,
when he entered the Confederate Army as a Lieu-
tenant, and promoted successively to be Captain,
Major, Colonel, and Brigadier-General ; after the war
followed various pursuits ; was a State and County
Collector, and elected to the Forty-third and Forty-
fourth Congresses, serving in the former on the Com-
mittee on Public Expenditures. In December, 1875,
he was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Post
Offices and Post Roads.
Clarh, Lincoln, — He was born in Massachusetts;
adopted the profession of law ; was a Judge for sev-
eral years in Alabama, and on removing to Iowa, was
elected a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1851 to 1853.
Clark, Lot, — He was born in New York ; was a
Representative in Congress from 1823 to 1825, when
he was appointed Postmaster at Norwich, New York;
and was a member of the New York Assembly in
1846. ,
Clark, W, S, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania, during the years 1820 and
1821.
ClarJCf JRohert, — He was born in Washington
County, New York, and was of Scotch descent ; was
a member of the Assembly of that State from 1812
to 1815 ; a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1819 to 1821 ; and a Delegate to the State
Constitutional Convention held in the latter year. He
subsequently adopted the medical profession, and
settled in Monroe, Michigan Territory, and was ap-
pointed by President Monroe Register of the Land
Office for the Second Land District of said Terri-
tory.
Clark, Samuel, — He was bom in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1833 to 1835 ; on removing to Michigan,
was elected a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1853 to 1855. Died at Kalamazoo, October
2, 1870.
Clark, JVilliam, — He was for some time prior
to 1828 State Treasurer of Pennsylvania. In 1828 he
was appointed Treasurer of the United States, and
held the ofiice for one year. From 1833 to 1837 he
was a member of the House of Representatives in
Congress from Pennsylvania. He died in Dauphin
County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1841.
Clark, William, — He was appointed in 1800 by
President Adams Chief Justice of the Territory of
Indiana, and was subsequently commissioned as the
second Governor of the Territory of Missouri, ex-
erting an important influence over his fellow-country-
men west of the Mississippi.
Clark, Williatn T, — He was born in Norwalk,
Connecticut, June 29, 1834 ; educated in Connecticut,
and New York city ; taught school ; read law in the
city of New York ; removed to Iowa in 1855, and
practiced law there until the commencement of the
war ; served in the Union Army in all grades up to
Brevet Major General, and commanded a Division in
Texas until mustered out in 1866, when he went into
business at Galveston ; took an active part in recon-
struction, and was elected to the Forty-first CongTess,
serving on several Committees.
Clarke, Archibald S, — He was a member of
the New York Senate for four years, beginning with
1813, and was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1816 to 1817. He held the several
positions of Clerk, Surrogate, and Judge of Saratoga
County. Died at Clarence, New York, December 4,..
1821, aged forty-three years.
Clarice, Hayard, — Bom in New York city,.
March 17, 1815 ; educated at Geneva College, and
studied law. In 1836 he was Attache and Secretary
to General Cass's Embassy to France, and continued
in that position four years. He then took a course of '
study at the Royal School of Cavalry, in France, and"
afterwards served in the Second Regiment of Dra-
goons through the Florida War. He resigned in^
1843, and settled at Westchester, New York, which
District he represented in the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress.
Clarke, Beverly X.— Was born in Virginia ;
removed to Kentucky, and was a member of the
State Legislature in 1841 and 1842 ; was a member
of the State Constitutional Convention in 1849 ; was
a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
1847 to 1849 ; and in 1858 was appointed hj President
Buchanan Minister to Guatemala and Honduras, and
died there, March 7, 1860.
Clarke f Charles E. — He was bom in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1849 to 1851. In 1839 and 1840 he
was a member of the New York Assembly from Jef-
ferson County, Died December 29, 1863, aged
seventy-four years.
Clarke f Daniel, — He was a Delegate to Con-
gress from the Territory of Orleans, or Louisiana,
from 1806 to 1809.
Clarke, Freeman, — Was born in Troy, New
York, March 22, 1809 ; commenced active life as a
merchant ; in 1837 was elected Cashier of the Bank
of Orleans at Albion ; in 1845 removed to Rochester,
and was President of the Rochester Bank, and Treas-
urer of the Monroe County Savings Bank, and, sub-
sequently. President of the Monroe County Bank.
He also held the offices of Treasurer and Director of
the Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls Railroad
Company, President and Treasurer of the Rochester
and Genesee Yalley Railroad Company, and was a
Director of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad Company ;
Treasurer and a Director of the House Telegraph
Company, and a Director of the Western Union Tele-
graph Company ; was one of the first Directors of
the Fourth National Bank in New York city, and
also a Trustee and subsequently Vice-President of
the Union Trust Company, New York. He was
Vice-President of the Whig State Convention in 1850,
and he acted as President ; in 1852 was a Delegate to
the Whig National Convention ; was Vice-President
of the first Republican Convention in New York
State, in 1854 ; in 1856 was a Presidential Elector ;
in 1862 was elected a Representative from New York
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Manufactures aud Invalid Pensions ; was
appointed, in 1865, Comptroller of the Currency, by
President Lincoln ; in 1867 was elected to the New
York State Constitutional Convention ; in 1870 elected
a Representative from New York to the Forty-second
Congress, in which he served on the Committee on
Appropriations ; in 1872 he was re-elected to the
Forty-third Congress, and was a member of the
Committee on Foreign Affairs.
Clarke, James, — Born in Westmoreland
County, Pennsylvania \ in 1836 removed to St. Louis ;
thence to Beloit, Wisconsin, where he was Territorial
Printer ; and in 1837 went to Burlington, Ohio, and
conducted the Territorial, now State Gazette, until the
winter of 1839, when he was appointed Secretary of
the Territory ; from 1843 to 1845 resumed the Gazette ;
was Governor of the Territory in 1846, and again
edited the Gazette from 1848 till his death, which oc-
curred near Burlington, Iowa, July 28, 1850.
Clarke, JoTm, — Born in 1766 ; at the age of six-
teen was appointed Lieutenant, and then Captain of
Militia. He fought under his father, General Elijah
Clarke, in the Revolutionary Army ; at the siege of
Augusta and at the battle of Jack's Creek, in 1787 ;
greatly distinguished himself, and attained the rank
of Major-General of the State Militia. At a critical
period in the War of 1812, he was appointed by the
Governor to command the forces destined to defend
the sea-coast of Georgia. He was Governor of
Georgia from 1819 to 1828. Died in West Florida,
October 15, 1832.
Clarke, J"o/iii.— Governor of Delaware in 1816
and 1817. Died at Smyrna, Delaware, August, 1821.
Cla^rke, JoJm B, — Born in Bracken County,
Kentucky, April 14, 1833 ; he was educated at Au-
gusta, in that State ; studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1854, and has since engaged in the practice
of his profession ; was elected County Attorney in
1858, and served four years ; was elected to the State
Senate of Kentucky in 1867, and served four years ;
and elected a Representative from Kentucky to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
Clarke, tToJm C, — He was born in Connecticut ;
graduated at Williams College in 1811 ; served in the
Assembly of New York in 1826 ; and was a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State from 1827 to 1829,
and again from 1837 to 1843. In 1849 he was ap-
pointed First Auditor of the Treasury, but only held
the place a short time. Died in 1852, aged fifty-nine
years.
Clarke f tlohn H, — He was born in Elizabeth-
town, New Jersey, in 1791 ; graduated at Brown Uni-
versity in 1809 ; adopted the profession of law ;
served in the State Legislature ; and was a Senator
in Congress from Rhode Island, from 1847 to 1853.
Clarke^ MatfJiew St, Clair, — He was born in
Pennsylvania ; removed to Washington City at an early
day ; was Clerk of the House of Representatives
from 1822 to 1833 ; re-elected to the same position in
1841, and held the office two years ; in 1843 he was
appointed Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, and held
that office two years ; and he was the publisher of
that great work called the "American Archives,"
edited by Peter Force, who was also directly interested
in its publication. He was quite famous as a poli-
tician, and died in Washington.
Clarke, Header Wright, — He was born in
Bethel, Clermont County, Ohio, May 18, 1812. He
obtained a good English education, and when fifteen
years of age learned the trade of a printer, with which
he has since been connected. He studied law, and
came to the bar in 1836. In 1840 and 1841 he was
elected to the Ohio Legislature ; was a Delegate, in
1844, to the Baltimore Convention ; and was a Presi-
dential Elector at the ensuing election ; in 1846 he
was appointed Clerk of the Supreme and Common
Pleas Courts of Clermont County, which he held for
six years ; was a Delegate to the "Chicago Conven-
tion " of 1860, and in 1864 he was elected a Repre-
sentative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions
and on Printing. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and
was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on
the Committees on the Post Office and Expenditures
in the State Department. In April, 1869, he was ap-
pointed Third Auditor of the Treasury, and after-
wards a Collector of Internal Revenue in Ohio. Died
May 23, 1872.
Clarke, Sidney, — Born in Southbridge, Massa-
chusetts, October 16, 1831 ; received a common-school
education ; adopted the profession of an editor, and
published the Soutlihridge Press. In 1858 he emi-
grated to Kansas, and settled in Lawrence ; was a
member, in 1862, of the State Legislature ; subse-
quently rendered military service against the Rebel-
lion as a Captain of Volunteers, and Assistant Provost-
Marshal-General for Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, and
Dakota, serving in the latter capacity until 1864, when
he was elected a Representative from Kansas to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
the Pacific Railroad, Indian Affairs, and on the Death
of President Lincoln, and also on the National Com-
mittee appointed to accompany the remains of Presi-
dent Lincoln to Illinois. He was also a Delegate to
the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866;
and was re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
83
Congresses, and made Chairman of Indian Af-
airs.
ClarUe, Staley N, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1841 to 1843.
Clarke f William, — Born in Virginia, August 1,
1770 ; removed in 1784 to where Louisville, Kentucky,
now stands, where his brother had built a fort. He
served in campaigns against the Indians; was Adju-
tant and Quartermaster in 1793 ; resigned in 1796 ; ap-
pointed Lieutenant of Artillery in 1803, and joined
with Meriwether Lewis in the Northwestern Ex-
ploring Expedition, which left St. Louis, March, 1804;
returned in the fall of 1806, and kept the journal of
the expedition, afterwards published. He was then
appointed Indian Agent, and afterwards Brigadier-
General of Upper Louisiana. In 1822 was appointed
Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and made treaties
with many tribes. Four of his brothers were dis-
tinguished in the Revolution, one fell in the struggle,
and another was killed by the Indians on the Wabash.
He was Governor of Louisiana Territory from 1813 to
1820. Died in St. Louis, September 1, 1838.
ClarksoUf Matthew, — He was a Delegate to
the Continental Congress from Pennsylvania from
1785 to 1786.
ClaivsoUf Isaiah D, — He was born in Woods-
town, New Jersey, March 30, 1822 ; graduated at
Princeton College in 1840 ; studied medicine in the
University of Pennsylvania, taking his degree in
1843 ; was a member of the New Jersey Assembly in
1853 ; and was elected a Representative from that
State to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-elected
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of
the Committee on Revolutionary Claims,
Claijf Urutits J, — He was born in Madison
County, Kentucky, July 1, 1808 ; was educated at
Danville College, Kentucky, and settled in Bourbon
County as a farmer in 1837. In 1840 he served in the
State Legislature ; was subsequently elected Presi-
dent of the Bourbon County Agricultural Society,
which position he still holds. In 1853 he was elected
President of the State Agricultural Society; was re-
elected for four years, and then declined a re-election;
was again elected to the Legislature in 1860 ; and was
elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thir-
ty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Agriculture, and as a member of that on
Revolutionary Pensions. Ever since his boyhood he
has been devoted to agriculture, and especially to the
raising of choice breeds of cattle.
Clay, Cassitis iHT.— Born in Madison County,
Kentucky, October 19, 1810 : graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1832 ; practiced law ; was a member of the
Kentucky Legislature in 1835, 1837, and 1840 ; and of
the National Whig Convention of 1840, at Harrisburg.
The improved jury system and the common-school
system of Kentucky are principally due to his efforts
in the Legislature. He was opposed to the annexa-
tion of Texas ; stumped the Northern States for Hen-
ry Clay for the Presidency in 1844 ; and June 3, 1845,
issued in Lexington The True American, a weekly
anti-slavery paper. ' In August his press was seized
by a mob, and it was afterwards printed in Cincin-
nati and published in Lexington, whither he had re-
moved in 1840 ; and afterwards in Louisville. He was
Captain in the Mexican War, and made prisoner at
Encarnacion, January 23, 1847. Aided in nominating
Taylor for the Presidency in 1848 ; in 1849 called a
convention of Emancipationists at Frankfort. Sep-
arated from the Whig party in 1850, and was an anti-
slavery candidate for Governor, receiving nearly five
thousand votes ; in April, 1862, was appointed Major-
General of Volunteers, and resigned March, 1863 ;
was appointed Minister to Russia from 1862 to
1869. A volume of his speeches was edited by Horace
Greeley in 1848.
Clay, Clement C, — He was born in Halifax
County, Virginia, December 17, 1789 ; graduated at
the University of East Tennessee ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1809 ; and removed to
Huntsville, Alabama, in 1811, where he resided till
his death. During the Creek War he saw some ser-
vice as a soldier. He practiced his profession until
1817, when he was elected a member of the Territo-
rial Council of Alabama ; in 1819 he was chosen one
of the Judges of the Circuit Court ; in 1820 was cho-
sen Chief Justice of that Court, and resigned in 1823 :
in 1828 he was elected to the State Legislature, and
was made Speaker : he was a Representative in Con-
gress from Alabama from 1827 to 1835 ; in 1835 he
was elected Governor of Alabama, serving two years;
and in 1837 he was elected a Senator in Congress for
the term ending in 1842. Died at Huntsville, Ala-
bama, September 9, 1866. His son, bearing the same
name, was also in Congress.
Clay, Clement C, Jr, — He was born in Mad-
ison, Alabama, about the year 1819 ; graduated at
the University of Alabama, and spent two years at
the University of Virginia ; studied law, and com-
menced the practice at Huntsville, Alabama, in 1840 ;
served in the Legislature of Alabama in 1842, 1844,
and 1845 ; and was elected by the Legislature, in
1846, Judge of the Madison County Court, serving
two years, when he resigned. In 1852 he was a Pres-
idential Elector, and in 1853 he was elected a Senator
in Congress from Alabama, and in 1859 was re-elected
for the term of six years, receiving every vote in the
Legislature. Expelled from the Senate March 14,
1861, and took part in the Rebellion of that year. He
was subsequently confined in Fortress Monroe as a
prisoner of state, but finally released by President
Johnson on his parole.
Clay, Henry, — Born in Hanover County, Vir-
ginia, April 12, 1777. Having received a common-
school education, he became, at an early age, a copy-
ist in the office of the Clerk of the Court of Chancery,
at Richmond, At nineteen he commenced the study
of law, and shortly afterwards removed to Lexington,
Kentucky, where he was admitted to the bar in 1799,
and soon obtained extensive practice. He began his
political career by taking an active part in the elec-
tion of Delegates to frame a new Constitution for the
State of Kentucky. In 1803 he was elected to the
Legislature by the citizens of Fayette County, and in
1806 he was appointed to the United States Senate
for the remainder of the term of General Adair, who
had resigned. In 1807 he was again elected a mem-
ber of the General Assembly of Kentucky, and was
chosen Speaker. In the following year occurred his
duel with Humphrey Marshall, In 1809 he was
again elected to the United States Senate for the un-
expired term of Mr. Thurston, resigned. In 1811 he
was elected a member of the House of Representa-
tives, and was chosen Speaker on the first day of his
appearance in that body, and was five times re-elected
to this office. During this session his eloquence
aroused the country to resist the aggressions of Great
Britain, and awakened a national spirit. In 1814 he
was appointed one of the Commissioners to negotiate
a treaty of peace at Ghent. Returning from this
mission, he was re-elected to Congress, and in 1818
he spoke in favor of recognizing the independence of
the South American Republics. In the same year he
put forth his strength in behalf of a national system
of internal improvements. A monument of stone,
inscribed with his name, was erected on the Cumber-
land Road, to commemorate his services in behalf of
84
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
that improvement. In the session of 1819-20 he ex-
erted himself for the establishment of protection to
American industry, and this was followed by ser^dces
in adjusting the Missouri Compromise. After the
settlement of these questions he withdrew from Con-
gress, in order to attend to his private affairs. In
1823 he returned to Congress, and was re-elected
Speaker ; and at this session he exerted himself in
support of the independence of Greece. Under John
Quincy Adams he filled the office of Secretary of
State. The attack upon Mr. Adams' administration,
and especially upon the Secretary of State, by John
Randolph, led to a hostile meeting between him and
Mr. Clay, which terminated without bloodshed. In
1829 he returned to Kentucky, and in 1831 was
elected to the United States Senate, where he com-
menced his labors in favor of the tariff. In the same
month of his reappearance in the Senate he was
unanimously nominated for President of the United
States. In 1836 he was re-elected to the Senate,
where he remained until 1842, when he resigned, and
took his final leave, as he supposed, of that body.
In 1839 he was again nominated for the Presidency,
but General Harrison was selected as the candidate.
He also received the nomination in 1844 for Presi-
dent, and was defeated in this election by Mr. Polk.
He remained in retirement in Kentucky until 1849,
when he was re-elected to the Senate of the United
States for the term ending in 1855. Here he devoted
all his energies to the measures known as the. Com-
promise Acts. His efforts during this session im-
paired his strength, and he went for his health to
Havana and New Orleans, bat with no permanent ad-
vantage. He returned to Washington, but was un-
able to participate in the active duties of the Senate,
and resigned his seat, to take effect upon the 6th of
September, 1852. He died in Washington City, June
29, 1852. He was interested in the success of the
Colonization Society, and was for a long time one of
its most efficient officers, and also its President. His
" Life and Letters," and also his " Speeches," were
published in several volumes by the late Calvin
Colton.
day, James H, — Bom in Washington City,
November 9, 1817. He received his classical educa-
tion at Transylvania University, in Kentucky, and at
the age of fifteen went to Boston, where he spent two
years in a counting-house. From Boston he emi-
grated to St. Louis, Missouri, then a city of only
eight thousand, and settled upon a farm ; and when
twenty-one years of age, he returned to Kentucky.
After spending two years in the manufacturing busi-
ness, he graduated at the Law School of Lexington,
and practiced law as the partner of his father, the
Honorable Henry Clay, until 1849 ; and during that
year President Taylor appointed him Charge d' Affaires
to Lisbon ; and having returned home by order of the
Government, he was mentioned by name in President
Fillmore's Message of 1850. In 1851 he again took
up his residence in Missouri, but returned to Ken-
tucky in 1853, when he became the proprietor of
Ashland.** He was elected to Congress in 1857, serv-
ing one term, and on the Committee on Foreign
Relations. He was also a member of the Peace Con-
vention of 1861, held in Washington. He was iden-
tified with the Rebellion of 1861, and died in Mon-
treal, January 26, 1864.
Clay, John Mandolph. — He was born in Phil-
adelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1808 ; spent his youth
with his godfather, John Randolph, in Virginia ; in
1830 he went to Russia as Secretary of Legation ;
in 1836 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to the same
country ; in 1838 he was made Secretary of Legation
to Austria ; in 1845 went back to Russia in the same
capacity ; in 1S,47 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires
to Peru ; and in ;1853 raised to the rank of Minister
Plenipotentiary to the same country, remaining there
until 1860, when he returned to the United States.
He was the son of Joseph Clay.
Clay, Joseph, — He was a member of the Revo-
lutionary Committee of 1774 and 1775 ; was a Dele-
gate from Georgia to the Continental Congress from
1778 to 1780, when he resigned ; was Judge of the
District Court-«f Georgia from 1796 to 1801 ; was
Paymaster-General of the Southern Department dur-
ing the Revolution. Died at Savannah, Georgia,
January, 1805. His son, bearing the same name, was
a prominent Judge and Baptist preacher. Another
son, John Randolph, was distinguished as a diplo-
matist.
Clay, IMatthew, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1797 to 1813. Died in
1815. /
Clay, Thomas H. — He was born in 1803, in
Kentucky, and son of Henry Clay ; in 1862 he was
appointed Minister Resident to Nicaragua, where he
remained until 1866 ; during the same period he was
accredited as Minister to Honduras. Died in Lexing-
ton, Kentucky, March 18, 1871.
Clayton, Alexander M, — He was an early
emigrant to Arkansas when it was a Territory, and in
1835 he was appointed one of the United States
Judges for that district.
Clayton, Augustin S, — Born in Fredericks-
burg, Virginia, November 27, 1783, and died at his
residence, in Athens, Georgia, June 21, 1839. He was
educated at the University of Georgia ; read law, and
practiced it with eminent success ; served in the State
Legislature ; was appointed Judge of the Superior
Court ; was a Presidential Elector in 1829 ; and was a
Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1831
to 1835. He was for many years skeptical on the sub-
ject of the Christian religion, but at the time of his
death was a sincere believer, and a member of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. He acquired some dis-
tinction as a politician, and the political pamphlet
called " Crockett's Life of Van Buren," is said to have
been the production of his pen.
Clayton, Charles, — He was bom in England in
1825 ; was well educated ; went to Wisconsin in 1842;
crossed the Rocky Mountains to Oregon in 1847 ; ar-
rived in San Francisco in 1848 ; was Alcalde in Santa
Clara in 1849 ; built the flour mills there in 1852 ; re-
moved to San Francisco in 1853, and engaged in the
grain and flour business ; was a member of the State
Legislature in 1863, 1864, 1865, and 1866; a member
of the Board of Supervisors of San Francisco from
1864 to 1869 ; was appointed in 1870 Surveyor of
Customs of the port and district of San Francisco ;
and elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on
the Committees on Commerce and the Centennial
Celebration.
Clayton, John M, — Born in Sussex County,
Delaware, July 24, 1796 ; graduated at Yale College
in 1815 ; was bred to the bar, having studied law in
the office of John Clayton, and for a time in the Law
School at Litchfield, Connecticut. He commenced
practice in 1818, and soon attained eminence in his
profession. He was in 1824 elected to the State
Legislature, and subsequently Secretary of Slate of
Delaware ; and in 1829 was chosen a Senator in Con-
gress. He was re-elected in 1835, and resigned in
December, 1836. In January, 1837, was appointed
Chief Justice of Delaware, which office he resigned in
1839. He was again elected to the Federal Senate in
1845, and was a Senator until 1819, when he became
1 Secretary of State under President Taylor, which
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
85
position he occupied until tlie death of Taylor, in
July, 1850. During- this period he negotiated the
famous Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. He was for the
third time elected to the Senate, and took his seat
March, 1851, and died a Senator, November 9, 1856.
During his last term in the Senate, he vindicated,
with marked ability, the principles of the treaty
which he inaugurated. At the bar he was a learned
lawyer and an eloquent advocate ; and during his
whole public career acquitted himself uprightly,
with dignity and recognized ability.
Clayton f tToshua, — He was a native of Dela-
ware ; practiced medicine for many years, and dur-
ing the scarcity of Peruvian bark in the Revolution-
ary War, he successfully substituted for it in his
practice a mixture of poplar and the root of the dog-
wood, in nearly equal parts, and half the quantity of
the interior of the white oak. He was President of
Delaware from 1789 to 1793, and Grovernor from 1793
to 1796 ; and chosen Senator of the United States in
1798 ; but died in Delaware, August, 1798.
-, Clayton f Philip* — He was born in Georgia, and
received a liberal education ; came to Washington in
1849, under the patronage of Howell Cobb, and was
made Second Auditor of the Treasury Department,
where he remained until 1857, when he received the
appointment of Assistant Secretary of the Treasury,
remaining in that office until 1861, when he retired to
take part in the Rebellion.
Clayton^ Powell, — Born in Delaware County,
Pennsylvania, August 7, 1833 ; received his educa-
tion at Partridge's Military Academy, Bristol, Penn-
sylvania ; studied civil engineering at Wilmington,
Delaware, and followed it as a profession ; entered
the Union Army in Kansas, May 29, 1861, as Captain
of the First Kansas Infantry ; appointed Lieutenant-
Colonel of Cavalry in 1862 ; was appointed Colonel of
tlie same in 1862, and commissioned Brigadier-Gen-
eral in 1864 ; settled in Arkansas at the close of the
war as a planter ; and elected Governor in 1868 ; and
elected to the United States Senate in 1871 for the
term ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on
Territories, Engrossed Bills, Levees, Political Dis-
abilities, and Military Affairs.
Clayton, Thomas,— ^e was a Representative
in Congress from Delaware from 1813 to 1817, and
United States Senator from 1823 to 1826, and again
from 1837 to 1847. He had been at different periods
a member of the Delaware Legislature, Chief Justice
of the Court of Common Pleas, and of the Superior
Court, He died in New Castle, Delaware, August 21,
1854, aged seventy-six years.
Cleavelandf J". F, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Georgia from 1 36 to 1839 ; but sub-
sequently removed to Charleston, where he became
a merchant, and died May 19, 1841.
Clemens, tleremiah, — He was born in Hunts-
ville, Alabama, December 28, 1814, and was educated
at La Grange College and the University of Alabama.
He studied law at the University of Transylvania, in
Kentucky, and was admitted to the bar in 1834. In
1838 he was appointed United States Attorney for
the Northern District of Alabama ; in 1839, 1840, and
1841, he was elected to the State Legislature ; in
1842 raised a company of Volunteer troops and went
to Texas, having been appointed Lieutenant-Colonel,
and subsequently to the same office in the Regular
army ; in 1843 and 1844 he was again elected to the
Legislature ; in 1844 served as a Presidential Elector;
in 1848 was appointed Governor of the Civil and
Military Department of Purchase in Mexico, which
position he held until the close of the war ; and he
was a Senator in Congress from Alabama from 1849
to 1853. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1856.
As an author Mr. Clemens has published two novels,
entitled "Bernard Lile " and " Mustang Gray," the
first in 1853 and the last in 1857. He was subse-
quently an editor. Died in Huntsville, May 21, 1865.
Clemens, Sherrard, — Born at Wheeling, Vir-
ginia, April 28, 1826 ; graduated at Washington Col-
lege, Pennsylvania ; a lawyer by profession ; and
during political campaigns has held several confiden-
tial positions in his native State ; and was elected a
member of Congress from December, 1852, to March,
1853, and elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Manufactures and Revolu-
tionary Pensions. In 1856 he was chosen a Presiden-
tial Elector. In 1859 he was wounded in a duel
fought with Mr. Wise, and was prevented from at-
tending the second session of the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Commerce, Took
part in the Rebellion.
Clements, Andreiv J, — Born in Jackson
County, Tennessee, in 1832 ; received a common-
school education ; studied medicine, and graduated at
the University of Tennessee in 1858, after which he
practiced his profession ; and in 1861 was elected a
Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-seventh
Congress. In 1866 he was elected to the Legislature
of Tennessee,
Clements, Isaac, — He was born in Franklin
County, Indiana, in 1837 ; graduated at the Green-
castle College in 1859, paying his own way by teach-
ing ; studied law ; removed to Illinois, and taught
school ; entered the Union Army as Second Lieutenant
of Infantry in 1861, and remained in the service three
years, during which he was wounded three times and
was twice promoted " for meritorious services ; " was
appointed Register in Bankruptcy in June, 1867 ; and
was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on
the Committee on Patents.
Clemson, Thomas G, — He was a citizen of
Pennsylvania, and in 1844 he was appointed Minister
Resident to Belgium, which position he retained until
1851.
Clendenen, I>avid, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Ohio from 1814 to 1815, in place of
R. Beall, resigned ; and again from 1815 to 1817.
Cleveland, Chaiineey F, — Born in Hampton,
Connecticut, in 1799 ; was educated in the common
schools of that vicinity ; studied law, and was admit-
ted to the bar in 1819 ; he was in the Connecticut
Legislature in 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1832, 1835,
1836, 1838, 1847, and 1848, and twice elected Speaker.
He was appointed Attorney for the State in 1832 ;
was Governor of Connecticut in 1842 and 1843 ; and
he received from Yale College the degree of LL.D.
He was a Representative in Congress from 1849 to
1853 ; a member of the Peace Congress of 1861 ; and
Presidential Elector in 1860.
Cleveland, Orestes,— Born in Duanesburg,
Schenectady County, Ncav York, March 2, 1829 ; re-
ceived a common-school education ; settled in New
York city as a merchant, and subsequently as a
manufacturer, in Jersey City ; was in the city Coun-
cils in 1861 and 1862 ; President of the Aldermen
one year ; was Mayor of the city in 1864, 1865, and
1866 ; rendered the Union cause some financial help
in 1864, on his individual guarantee ; and was elected
a Representative from New Jersey to the Forty-first
Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories
and Manufactures.
86
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Clever f diaries P, — He was born in Cologne,
Province of Prussia, Germany, February 23, 1830;
was educated at the Gymnasium of Cologne and
University of Bonn ; adopted the profession of law,
and having removed to New Mexico practiced it there
with success ; tilled the offices in that Territory of
United States Marshal, Attorney-General, Adjutant-
General, as well as several others, and was elected
a Delegate from New Mexico to the Fortieth Con-
gress. In 1868 he published a small work on the
Resources of New Mexico. His seat was successfully
contested by J. F. Chavez, who was admitted during
the last month of the Fortieth Congress.
Clifford^ John Henry, — Born in Providence,
Rhode Island, January 16, 1809 ; graduated at Brown
University in 1827 ; was a lawyer in New Bedford ;
member of the Legislature in 1835 ; Attorney-Gen-
eral of Massachusetts from 1849 to 1853, and from
1854 to 1858 ; President of the State Senate in 1862 ;
Governor of the State in 1853 and 1854. Died at
New Bedford, Massachusetts, January 2, 1876.
Clifford, Kathan, — He was born in Rumney,
Grafton County, New Hampshire, August 18, 1803.
He fitted for college at the Haverhill Academy, and
completed his education at the Hampton Literary In-
stitution. He studied law, and, after being admitted
to the bar, removed to Maine in 1827. He was elected
to the Legislature, from York County, in 1830, and
re-elected for three years, during the last two occu-
pying the post of Speaker. In 1834 he was appointed
Attorney-General for the State of Maine, which ofiice
he held four years ; and he was a Representative in
Congress from 1839 to 1843. In 1846 he was ap-
pointed by President Polk Attorney- General of the
United States, which office he held until March,
1847, when he was appointed Commissioner to Mexi-
co. When peace was declared between this country
and Mexico he was appointed Minister to that Repub-
lic. On his return to the United States he settled in
Portland, devoting himself to his profession ; and in
1858 was appointed by President Buchanan an As-
sociate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States.
Cliftf tfosexjh IV, — Born in Marshfield, Massa-
chusetts, September 1, 1836 ; was educated at Phil-
lips' Academy at Andover, where he partially lost his
sight ; was engaged in the business of building from
1854 to 1857 ; removed to Georgia in 1857 ; studied
medicine at Atlanta, but graduated at the Harvard
Medical School in 1862 ; served in the army as a sur-
geon, and saw much service ; in 1865, he settled at
Savannah, and practiced his profession ; in 1867, was
appointed Registrar of that city ; was elected in 1868
a Representative from Georgia to the Fortieth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary
Pensions.
Clinchf Duncan Li, — Was a General in the
United States Army, and from 1843 to 1845 a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Georgia. He was a brave
soldier and noble-hearted man. Died at Macon,
Georgia, October 28, 1849.
Cling an, William, — He was a Delegate from
Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1777
to 1779, and was a signer of the Articles of Confeder-
ation.
Clingnian, Thomas L, — ^Born in Huntsville,
Surry County, North Carolina ; graduated at Chapel
Hill University ; studied law, but just as he was
about to enter upon the practice he was elected to
the House of Commons of the State. On his retire-
ment from the Legislature, in 1836, he removed to
Ashville, in Buncombe County. He was soon after
elected to a seat in the State Senate of North Caro-
lina. In 1843 he was elected to Congress, and, with
the exception of one term, was a member of the
House of Representatives until the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, when he was appointed Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs. On the resignation of A.
Biggs, he was appointed a Senator in Congress, and
in November, 1858, his appointment was confirmed
by the Legislature. He made contributions to the
sciences of geology and mineralogy, and brought to
light many facts connected with the mountains of
North Carolina, one of the highest peaks of which it
was his fortune to explore and measure, and which
now bears his name. He took part in the Rebellion
of 1861 as a Colonel, having been expelled from the
Senate in July, 1861, to which he had been re-elected
for the term commencing in March, 1861. Was a
Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868.
Clint on f De Witt, — Born at Little Britain, in
Orange County, New York, March 2, 1769. He grad-
uated at Columbia College, with the highest honors,
in 1786. He studied law, but never engaged much in
its practice. He was elected to the Senate of New
York in 1799. In July, 1802, he fought a duel wi>th
Mr. Swartwout, arising from political controversy
concerning Mr. Burr. He was a Senator of the United
States from 1802 to 1803, and was chosen Mayor of
New York in 1803, holding this oifice until 1815, ex-
cepting tlie years 1807 and 1810. While he was Mayor,
he was also for several years a State Senator, and
the Lieutenant-Governor. Under his auspices, also,
the Historical Society of New York, of which he was
at one time President, and the Academy of Fine Arts
were incorporated, the New York City Hall was
founded, the Orphan Asylum established, and the
city fortified. He took a great interest, as early as
1817, in, and did more than any other man in behalf
of, the Erie Canal, and that great work was finished
during his administration as Governor, in 1825. In
1812 he consented to become the candidate of the
Peace party for the Presidency of the United States.
In 1823 and 1824 he was President of the Board of
Canal Commissioners, and during the latter year was
elected Governor of the State, and in 1826 was re-
elected to the same ofiice ; he afterwards declined the
embassy to England, offered to him by President
Adams. He died at Albany, February 11, 1828.
Clinton, George, — Born in Ulster County, New
York, July 26, 1739, and died at Washington City,
April 20, 1812. He commenced life by sailing in a
privateer ; served as a Lieutenant in the expedition
against Fort Frontenac ; he afterwards studied law ;
was a member of the Colonial Assembly, and also of
the Provincial Congress in 1775 ; he was appointed a
Brigadier-General in 1777 ; was Governor of New
York for eighteen years ; from 1795 to 1800 he lived
in retirement ; was again chosen Governor in 1804 ;
and, having been elected Vice-President of the United
States during the last year, he retained the ofiice un-
til his death, consequently ofliciating as President of
the Senate a period of eight years.
Clinton, George, Jr,—Re was born in New
York ; was a member of the New York Assembly in
1801 and 1802 ; and a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1804 to 1809.
Clinton, James G,—Rg was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1841 to 1845.
Clinton, Thomas,— Re was a native of Ken-
tucky, and a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1827 to 1831, and for a second term from
1833 to 1835.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
87
Clopton^ David, — Born in Georgia in 1820, and
elected a Representative from Alabama to the
Thirty-sixtli Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Public Expenditures. Resigned in Feb-
ruary, 1861, to take part in the Rebellion of that year.
Cloptorif tfohn, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia, from 1795 to 1799, and
again from 1801 to 1816. Died September 11, 1816.
Clotvney, Williain K, — He was born in South
Carolina ; graduated at the South Carolina College in
1848 ; adopted the profession of law ; was Commis-
sioner in Equity of South Carolina ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from that State from 1833
to 1835, and again from 1837 to 1839.
Clipner^ George, — He was bom in Philadelphia
in 1739, and was a patriot of the Revolution. He
engaged in mercantile pursuits, and early espoused
the cause of his country. In 1773 he resolutely op-
posed the sale of tea sent out by the British Govern-
ment, and not a pound was sold in Philadelphia. In
1775 he was one of the first Continental Treasurers.
In 1776 he was a member of Congress, and signed the
Declaration of Independence. In 1774 his furniture
was destroyed by the enemy. In 1780 he co-operated
with Robert Morris in the establishment of a bank
for the relief of the country. He was a member of
the old Congress in 1780, and a Representative, under
the Constitution, from 1789 to 1791, from Pennsyl-
vania. He was also a member of the Convention
which formed the Federal Constitution, and signed
that instrument. In 1791 he was placed at the head
of the Excise Department in Pennsylvania. In 1796
he was sent to Georgia to negotiate a treaty with the
Creek and Cherokee Indians. He was afterwards
President of the Philadelphia Bank and of the Acad-
emy of Fine Arts. He died at Morrisville, Bucks
County, January 23, 1813.
ClymeVf Hiester, — He was born in Berks Coun-
ty, November 3, 1827 ; graduated at Princeton Col-
lege, New Jersey, in 1847 ; studied law, and admitted
to the bar in 1849 ; pursued his profession in that
county until 1851, when he removed to Pottsville,
and there practiced until 1856, when he settled in
Reading. In 1860 he represented Berks County in
the Board of Revenue Commissioners of the State,
and in the same year attended the National Dem-
ocratic Convention in Charleston and Baltimore ;
was a member of the State Senate of Pennsylvania
from October, 1860, until he resigned, when nomi-
nated, in 1866, a candidate for Governor of Pennsyl-
vania ; in 1868 he again represented his district in
the Democratic Convention which met at New York ;
in 1870 he was appointed a member of the State
Board of Public Charities ; and he was elected to
the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serv-
ing on the Committee on Public Lands. In Decem-
ber, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Commit-
tees on Library and on Expenditures in War Depart-
ment.
Cobbf Jmasa, — Born in Crawford County, Illi-
nois, September 27, 1823 ; received a common-school
education ; emigrated to Wisconsin Territory in
1842 ; spent five years in the lead-mining business,
and served in the Mexican War as a private soldier,
during which time lie occasionally read law, and at
the end of the war he began to practice the legal pro-
fession. In 1850 he was elected a District Attorney,
and served four years ; in 1854 was elected to the
State Senate, and served two years ; in 1855 he was
appointed Adjutant-General of the State, and again
in 1857 ; was elected to the State Legislature in
1860 ; re-elected in 1861, and chosen Speaker ; in
1861 and 1862 he served in the Volunteer service as
Colonel of the Fifth Wisconsin Regiment, and was
elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a member of the
Committee on the Militia, and Chairman of the Joinn
Committee on Enrolled Bills. During the recess of
Congress he was again commissioned a Colonel, and
raised the Forty-third Regiment of Wisconsin Volun-
teers, which he commanded until July, 1865, when
he was mustered out. He was brevetted for gallant
services at Williamsburg, Golden's Farm, and Antie-
tam. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Enrolled Bills, District of
Columbia, and Mines and Mining. Re-elected to the
Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the
Committees on Claims, Public Buildings and Grounds,
and Military Affairs.
Cohbf Clinton L, — He was born in Elizabeth
City, North Carolina, August 25, 1842 ; attended
school, and then went into a counting-room ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1867 ; was a can-
didate for Congress in 1868, but withdrew in favor of
J. R. French ; was elected to the Forty-first, Forty-
second, and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the
Committees on Revolutionary Pensions, War Claims,
and Chairman of Freedmen's Affairs.
Cobby JDavid, — He was born in Attleborough,
Massachusetts, September 14, 1748 ; graduated at
Harvard College in 1776, and adopted the medi-
cal profession ; served in the Revolution in 1777, as
Lieutenant-Colonel ; served as an Aid to General
Washington in the capacity of Colonel ; was pro-
moted to the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General ; after
the war, was made Judge of a County Court ; was
elected to the Legislature, and served as Speaker from
1789 to 1793 ; was a Representative in Congress from
Massachusetts from 1793 to 1795 ; was President of
the State Senate from 1801 to 1805 ; Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor of the State in 1809 ; a State Councilor in
1808, and from 1812 to 1818 ; and was subsequently
appointed Major-General of the State Militia. Died
April 17, 1830.
Cobby George T, — He was born in New Jersey,
and elected a Representative from that State to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee
on Invalid Pensions.
Cobby Howell, — The uncle of Secretary Cobb,
and for whom he was named, was born in Granville,
North Carolina, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Georgia from 1807 to 1812. During the
last war with England he served with credit as
a Captain in the army, and after peace was declared
he settled upon a plantation, and devoted his whole
attention to agriculture. He died about the year
1820.
Cobby Howell, — He was born at Cherry Hill, in
Jefferson County, Georgia, September 7, 1815. When
a child, his father removed to Athens, Georgia, where
he subsequently resided. He graduated at Franklin
College in 1834 ; he studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1336 ; was a Presidential Elector in that
year ; in 1837 he received the appointment of Solici-
tor-General of the Western Circuit, which he held
four years ; and he was elected a Representative in
Congress in 1842, having been re-elected in 1844,
1846, and 1848, and during his latter term he was
elected Speaker. On his retirement from Congress, he
was chosen Governor of Georgia ; in 1855 he was
again elected to Congress ; and on the accession of
Mr. Buchanan to the Presidency, Governor Cobb went
into his cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury. He
took a prominent part in the Rebellion of 1861, and
was a member of the so-called Confederate Congress,
and a Brigadier-General. Died in New York city,
October 9. 1868.
88
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Cobhf Stephen Alonzo. — He was bom in Madi-
son, Maine, June 17, 1833 ; received a common- school
education ; moved to Minnesota in 1850 ; worked in
the lumbering business for four years, while prepar-
ing for college ; entered Beloit College m 1854, but
graduated at Brown University in 1853 ; settled in
Wyandotte, Kansas, in 1859, and commenced the
practice of the law ; entered the army in 1862, served
through the war, rising to the rank of Lieutenant-
Colonel ; was Mayor of Wvandotte in 1862 and 1868 ;
a member of the State Senate in 1862, 1869, and 1870 ;
Speaker of the House in 1872, and elected to the For-
ty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on Post
Roads and the State Department.
Cobhf Tliomas W. — He was born in Columbia
County, Georgia, in 1784, and attained a high position
as a lawyer. He was a Representative in Congress
from Georgia from 1817 to 1821, and again from 1823
to 1824 ; and he was a Senator in Congress from 1824
to 1828. He was subsequently chosen a Judge of the
Superior Court, and died in Greensborough, February
1, 1830. He was the author of many political essays.
Cohbf Willianison It. W, — He was born in
Ray County, Tennessee, in 1807 ; and in 1809 his
father removed to Madison County, Alabama, with
the prosperity of which State his name has been iden-
tified for many years. He received a good common-
school education, and then turned his attention to
farming. From this pursuit he was called in 1845 to
a seat in the State Legislature, where he remained
two years. In 1847 he was elected a Representative
in Congress from Alabama, in which capacity he
served his adopted State by successive re-elections
down to 1860. During the eight years of his Congres-
sional career he officiated as Chainnan of the
Committee on Unfinished Business, and the balance
of the time as Chairman of the Committee on Public
Lands. The credit is awarded to him of having en-
gineered through Congress the Bounty Land Bill of
1850, and the Graduation Bill of 1854. He was killed
by the accidental discharge of a pistol, in Alabama, in
November, 18G4. He had served in the Confederate
Congress, but was expelled therefrom on account of
disloyalty to the Confederacy.
Coburiif Abner, — He was born in Maine, and
was Governor of that State from 1862 to 1863.
CoburUf tloJiri, — He was born in Philadelphia ;
was well educated ; adopted the f)rofession of law,
which he abandoned in 1784, and removed to Lexing-
ton, Kentucky, and engaged in mercantile business ; in
1794 he removed to Mason County, and was soon
after appointed Judge of the District Court ; and upon
the re-organizaton of the courts was Judge of the Cir-
cuit Court, which office he held until 1805 ; was ap-
pointed Judge of the Territory of Michigan by Jeffer-
son, but declined, and was then appointed Judge of
the Territory of Orleans, and held his courts in St.
Louis ; resigned in 1809, and was appointed by Madi-
son Collector of Revenue for Fourth District of Ken-
tucky, which office he held for several years, which
was the last public position he held ; in 1813 he joined
Governor Shelby as a member of his Staff, and held
the post for a short time. He died in February, 1823.
Coburiif John, — He was born in Indianapolis,
Indiana, October 27, 1825 ; graduated at Wabash Col-
lege in 1846 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a
member of the State Legislature in 1850 and 1851 ;
was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in the
Twelfth District from 1859 to 1861 ; resigned, and
served in the army during the Rebellion, first as Colo-
nel of the Thirty-third Regiment Indiana Volunteers,
when he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-Gen-
eral for gallant and meritorious services ; was with
the Army of the Cumberland, and having gone with
General Sherman to Atlanta, received in person the
surrender of that city ; in October, 1865, he was
elected Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of Indiana,
which he resigned in August, 1866 ; and in the subse-
quent autumn he was elected a Representative from
Indiana to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Banking and Currency and Public Expendi-
tures. Re-elected to the three subsequent Con-
gresses, and was Chairman of the Committee on Mili-
tary Affairs and Public Expenditures.
Coburn, Stephen, — He was born in Maine, and
in January, 1861, was elected a Representative from
that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, for the un-
expired term of Israel Washburn, Jr., resigned.
Cochran f Alexander G, — Born in Alleghany
City, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1845 ; education ac-
quired in his native city and at Phillips' Academy,
Andover, Massachusetts ; left school in 1861 ; en-
tered the Columbia Law School in 1864 ; was admitted
to the bar in 1866, and has practiced in Pittsburg
ever since. In 1874 he was elected a Representative
from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Cochran f rlames, — He was a Major of Militia,
and represented the State of New York in Congress
from 1797 to 1799. He died at Oswego, New York,
November 7, 1848, aged seventy-nine years. He was
at one time Postmaster of Oswego.
Cochrane, Cfark H, — Born in New Boston,
New Hampshire, May 31, 1815 ; graduated at Union
College, Schenectady, New York ; a lawyer by pro-
fession ; member of the New York Legislature in
1843 and 1844 ; and a Representative in the Thirty-
fifth Congress from New York, serving on the Com-
mittee on Expenditures in the War Department.
He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committee on Private
Land Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Balti-
more Convention of 1864, and re-elected to the As-
sembly in 1865. Died at Albany, March 5, 1867.
Cochrane, John, — Born at Palatine, Mont-
gomery County, New York ; studied at Union Col-
lege and graduated at Hamilton College, New York ;
is a lawyer by profession ; was Surveyor of the port
of New York for four years, and elected to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, acting as Chairman of the
Committee on Commerce. He was also re-elected to
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of
the Committee on Commerce. Also served as a Gen-
eral of Volunteers in the Union army in 1861 and 1862 ;
and he was subsequently elected Attorney-General
of the State of New York. In 1864 he was nominated
for the office of Vice-President of the United States,
on the ticket with J. C. Fremont ; and he was a Del-
egate to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven-
tion " of 1866, and that of Chicago in 1868. In 1869
he was appointed Revenue Collector for the Sixth
District of New York.
CoclcCf John, — He was born in Brunswick Coun-
ty, Virginia, 1772 ; in early life he emigrated to Ten-
nessee, adopted the profession of law, and became a
member of the first Legislature of the State, in 1796 ;
he was Speaker of the House for many years, and
also a member of the Senate. From 1819 to 1827 he
was a Representative in Congress from his adopted
State. He died in Grundy County, Tennessee, Feb-
ruary 16, 1854.
Cocke, William, — He was born in Virginia,
participated in the military, civil, legislative, and
judicial services of that State ; and, on removing to
Tennessee, became a General of Militia ; served in
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
89
the State Legislature in 1813 ; became one of the
Judges of the Circuit Court ; and was a Senator in
Congress from Tennessee in 1797, but was super-
seded by A. Jackson ; and again from 1799 to 1805 ;
and was appointed, in 1814, by President Madison,
Indian Agent for the Chickasaw nation.
Cocke, William M, — He was born in Tennes-
see, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, end-
ing in 1849.
Cockerillf tToseph It, — He was born in Virginia,
and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a Repre-
sentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a mem-
ber of the Committees on Public Expenditures and
Expenses in the War Department. Died at West
Union, Ohio, October 23, 1875.
Cochran, tTaTnes. — A Representative in Con-
gress from North Carolina from 1809 to 1813.
Cockrell, Francis Marion, — Born near War-
rensburg, Missouri, October 1, 1834 ; received a com-
mon-school education, but finished his studies at
Chapel Hill College, in Lafayette County, Missouri,
an institution belonging to the Cumberland Presby-
terian Church. As opportunities offered, he worked
upon his father's farm, studied law, and on coming
to the bar devoted himself to the practice of the pro-
fession, and he was elected a Senator in Congress for
the term ending in 1881.
Coffee, John, — He was a member of Congress
from Georgia from 1833 to 1837, and died in Telfair
County, of that State, September 25, 1836.
Coffey, Titian J, — He was born in Pennsylva-
nia, educated for the legal profession, and in 1861 he
was appointed Assistant Attorney-General of the
United States, holding the position until 1864.
Coffin, Charles G, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Ohio from 1838 to 1839. Subse-
quently settled in Cincinnati as a lawyer.
Coffin, John H, C, — He was born in Wiscasset,
Maine, September 14, 1815 ; graduated at Bowdoin
College, in 1834 ; appointed Professor of Mathemat-
ics in the Navy in 1836 ; and commissioned on the
re-organization of that corps in 1848 ; since which
time he has been its senior member. He served on
board the United States ships Vandalia and Consti-
tution ; in the West Indies Squadron from 1836 to
1838 ; at the Norfolk Navy Yard from 1838 to 1840 ;
on board the Levant in the West Indies Squadron
from 1840 to 1842 ; in surveys on the coast of Florida
from 1842 to 1844 ; at the United States Naval Ob-
servatory from 1844 to 1853 ; at the United States
Naval Academy, in charge of the Department of
Mathematics, and subsequently of that of Astronomy
and Navigation, from 1853 to 1865. Since 1865 he has
had charge of the preparation of the American
Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, the office of which
was removed from Cambridge, Massachusetts, to
Washington in 1867.
Coffin, JPeleg.—'^Q was born September, 1756,
and was a Representative in Congress from Massachu-
setts from 1793 to 1795. He served a number of years
in the State Senate, and was State Treasurer from
1797 to 1802. Died March 6, 1805.
Coffroth, Alexander JBT, — Born in Somerset,
Somerset County, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1828 ; was
self-educated ; read law, and commenced the practice
in 1851 ; was a Delegate to the Charleston Convention
in 1860, and was elected a Representative from Penn-
sylvania to thfe Thirty-eighth Congress, and served on
the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and on
Expenditures in the Interior Department. He was
also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving
on the Committee on Invalid Pensions, but his seat
was successfully contested by Mr. Koontz. In 1867
he was appointed by President Johnson an Assessor
of Internal Revenue.
Coggeshall, William T, — Was born in Penn-
sylvania, and a resident of Philadelphia ; subsequent-
ly removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was con-
nected with the press ; became State Librarian of
Ohio ; afterwards identified himself with the Spring-
field Republican and the Columbus Journal ; and was
appointed in 1866 Minister Resident at Ecuador, where
he died August 2, 1867.
Coghlan, John M, — He was born in Louisville,
Kentucky, December 8, 1835 ; removed to Illinois in
1847, and in 1850 emigrated to California ; was self-
taught ; a lawyer by profession ; was a member of
the California Legislature in 1865 ; and was elected
to the Forty-second Congress, as a Representative of
his adopted State, serving on the Committees on Pri-
vate Land Claims and Naval Affairs.
Coit, J'oshua, — Born in New London, Connecti-
cut, October 7, 1758 ; graduated at Harvard Universi-
ty in 1776 ; he studied law, and settled in New Lon-
don in 1779 ; and was a Representative in Congress
from Connecticut from 1793 to 1798. He also served
a number of years in the Legislature of Connecticut.
Died in New London, September 5, 1798, of yellow
fever.
Coke, Richard, — He was a lawyer by profes-
sion, and possessed talents of a high order, and an
energy seldom equaled. He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1829 to 1833, and for
many years a prominent member of the bar. He died
in Abingdon, Virginia, March 30, 1851.
Coke, Richard, — He was elected Governor of
Texas in 1874, and his term of office will expire in
1878.
Colby, A, — Born in New London, New Hamp-
shire, in 1793 ; early took a special interest in local
military affairs ; in 1828 he was elected to the State
Legislature, and served through twelve terms ; in
1846 he became Governor of New Hampshire ; in
1861 he was made Adjutant-General of the State ;
was subsequently a Provost-Marshal ; a Trustee of
Dartmouth College ; founded an academy at New
London ; also endowed a Baptist Literary and Theo-
logical Institution in that town ; and died there July
20, 1873.
Colby, Stoddard J5.— Born in Vermont in 1816 ;
graduated at Dartmouth College in 1836 ; studied
law and practiced the profession at Montpelier ; and
in 1864 he was appointed Register of the Treasury
in Washington. Died September 21, 1867, in Haver-
hill. New Hampshire.
Colcock, William F,—S.e was born in South
Carolina ; graduated at the South Carolina College in
1823 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a member
of the State Legislature and Speaker of the House ;
and was a Representative in Congress from South
Carolina from 1849 to 1853.
Colden, Cadtvallader !>.— He was for many
years a prominent member of the New York bar ;
served also in the Legislature of that State ; held the
90
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
post of District Attorney of the United States for
many years ; was at one time Mayor of New York,
and a member of Congress from 1821 to 1823. He
was an early and intimate friend of Robert Fulton,
and wrote bis biography ; he was highly respected
for his talents and "sartues, and died in Jersey City,
New Jersey, February 7, 1834, aged sixty-five years.
ColCf Cornelius, — Bom in Lodi, New York,
September 17, 1822 ; bred to the business of a
farmer ; graduated at the Wesleyan University in
Connecticut ; adopted the profession of law ; emi-
grated to California in 1849, and mined for gold for
one year ; subsequently prosecuted his profession in
San Francisco and Sacramento ; was District Attorney
at the latter place for two years ; and in 1863 he
was elected a Representative from California to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee
on Post Offices and Post Roads. From 1856 to 1860
he was a member of the National Republican Com-
mittee, and during the Presidential campaign of
1860 was the editor of a newspaper in California. He
was elected to the Senate for the term commencing
in 1867 and ending in 1873, serving on the Com-
mittees on Appropriations, Manufactures, and Claims ;
and was a Delegate to the Philadelphia ' ' Loyalists'
Convention " of 1866.
Cole, George E. — Was born in Oneida County,
New York, December 23, 1826 ; went to Iowa in 1849 ;
crossed the plains to California in 1850, and went to
Oregon the same year ; was a member of the Oregon
Legislature in 1851, 1852, and 1853 ; during the years
1859 and 1860 he was Clerk of the United States Dis-
trict Court for Oregon ; removed to Washington Ter-
ritory in 1861, and in 1863 he was elected a Dele-
gate from Washington Territory to the Thirty-eighth
Congress.
ColCf Or^satnus. — He was born in New York ;
removed to Wisconsin at an early day, and was ap-
pointed United States Judge for that Territory ; and
was a Representative in Congress from Wisconsin
from 1849 to 1851.
ColeniaUf Daniel, — He was born in North
Carolina, and in 1836 he was appointed third Post-
master-General, holding the office until 1841.
ColemaUf Nicholas D. — He was born in Har-
rison County, Kentucky, in 1800 ; educated chiefly at
the University of Transylvania in 1822 ; studied law
and engaged in its practice with success ; in 1824 and
1825 he was elected to the State Legislature ; was a
Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1831 ; was
soon afterwards appointed Postmaster of Marysville,
and subsequently to the same position in Vicksburg
from 1841 to 1844. He was, also, for a while, Presi-
dent of the Southern Pacific Railroad, and he died in
May, 1874, at Vicksburg.
ColeSf JEdivard, — Born in Albemarle County,
Virginia, December 15, 1786 ; graduated at William
and Mary College in 1807 ; was Private Secretary to
President Madison, who sent him on a mission to
Russia in 1817. On his return, in 1818, he removed
to Illinois, taking with him his slaves, whom he had
liberated. He was Governor of that State from 1823
to 1826, and removed to Philadelphia in 1833. He
read before the Philadelphia Historical Society, in
1856, "A History of the Ordinance of 1787," which was
published, 8vo. Died in Philadelphia, July 7, 1868.
Coles, Isaac. — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1789 to 1791, and again
from 1793 to 1797; and he was one of those who
voted for locating the Seat of Government on the
Potomac.
ColeSf Walter, — He was bom in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1835 to 1845.
Colfax f Schuyler, — Born in New York city,
March 23, 1823, and was the grandson of William
Colfax, a General in the Army of the Revolution un-
der General Washington ; attended a public school ;
was a merchant's clerk for three years ; and in 1836
removed with his widowed mother to Indiana, where
he held a county office and studied law. In 1845 he
established the St. Joseph ValUy Register, at South
Bend, which he conducted until 1855. He was a
member in 1850 of the " State Constitutional Conven-
tion ;" in 1848 and 1852 a Delegate to the "Whig
National Conventions " of those years, and was Sec-
retary of each. He was elected a Representative
from Indiana to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and to
the successive Congresses, including the Fortieth,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on Post-Offices,
and as a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. He
was chosen Speaker during the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, and was twice re-elected to the same position.
In 1865 he made an overland journey to the Pacific
Coast, which formed the subject of a popular lecture
which he delivered in several States ; and in May,
1868, he was nominated for the office of Vice-Presi-
dent on the ticket with General Grant for President,
and after the close of his term devoted himself to
lecturing.
Collamer,fTacob, — ^He was born in Troy, New
York, in 1792, but when a child removed with his
father to Burlington, Vermont. He graduated at the
University of Vermont in 1810 ; served as a subaltern
during the first campaign of the last war with Eng-
land ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1813 ; practiced his profession until 1833, during
which time he was for several years a member of
the State Legislature, and from 1833 to 1841 he
was Judge of the Supreme Court of Vermont.
In 1843 he took his seat as a Representative in
Congress from Vermont, serving by re-elections until
1849 ; in March of that year he was appointed
Postmaster-General in the Cabinet of President Tay-
lor ; resigned in 1850, with the rest of the Cabinet,
on the death of the President, and was soon after-
wards re-appointed on the Supreme Bench of his State,
which office he held until 1854, when he was elected
a Senator in Congress from Vermont for six years
from 1855 ; and in 1861 he was re-elected for the term
ending in 1867, serving as Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Post-Offices and Post Roads, also that on the
Library, and as a member of several other important
Committees. He received the degree of LL.D. from
the University of Vennont, and from Dartmouth
College, New Hampshire. Died in Woodstock, Ver-
mont, November 8, 1865.
Collier, Henry Watkins, — Born in Lunen-
burg County, Virginia, January 17, 1801 ; educated
in Abbeville District, South Carolina; removed to
Alabama in 1818 ; admitted to the bar in 1821 ; began
to practice in Huutsville ; and in 1823 removed to
Tuscaloosa ; was Judge of the Circuit Court of that
District from 1827 to 1837 : Chief Justice of Alabama
from 1837 to 1849 ; and Governor from 1849 to 1853.
Died at Bailey's Springs, Alabama, August 28, 1855.
Collier, John A, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1831 to 1838.
Collin, tfolm F, — Born in Hillsdale, Columbia
County, New York, April 30, 1802. He received a
common-school education, and has devoted himself to
agricultural pursuits. He served in the State Legis-
lature in 1834 ; was a member for some years of the
County Board of Supervisors ; and was a Represent-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
91
ative iu Congress from New York from 1845 to
1847.
Collins, Ela, — Born in Meriden, Connecticut,
February 14, 1786 ; studied law, and commenced prac-
tice in Oneida County, New York ; was for twenty
years a District Attorney, displaying ability as an ad-
vocate, and during the latter part of his life devoted
much attention to farming. He commanded a regi-
ment of Militia near Sackett's Harbor, New York, in
1814 ; represented Lewis County in the Legislature of
the State; and in 1821 was a member of the State
Constitutional Convention. He was in Congress from
New York from 1823 to 1825 ; and died at Lowville,
Lewis County, November 23, 1848.
CollinSf Fraticis D, — Born in Saugerties, Ul-
ster County, New York, March 5, 1844 ; educated at
St. Joseph College and Wyoming Seminary, Penn-
sylvania ; read law and went to the bar in Luzerne
County in 1866 ; was elected a District Attorney in
1869 ; was elected to the State Senate in 1872, 18'73,
and 1874, and in the latter year he was elected a Rep-
resentative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth
Congress.
Collins f <John, — Governor of Rhode Island from
1786 to 1789, succeeding William Greene. He was a
patriot of the Revolution, a Delegate to the old Con-
gress from 1778 to 1783, and a signer of the Articles
of Confederation ; and elected a Representative in
Congress in 1789. He died at Newport, iu March,
1795, aged seventy-eight.
Collins, tTohn, — He was Governor of Delaware
from 1820 to his death, which occurred at Wilmington,
Delaware, April 15, 1822.
Collins, Thomas,— Born in 1732; was High
Sheriff of Kent County, Delaware ; a member of the
Council for four years ; Brigadier-General of Militia
from 1776 to 1783 ; a member of the Assembly, and
Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas ; was
Governor of Delaware from 1786 to 1789. Died near
Duck Creek, Kent County, Delaware, March 29, 1789.
Collins, William, — He was born in Virginia,
and in 1844 he was appointed First Auditor of the
Treasury, in which- position he remained until 1849.
Collins, William,— He was the son of Ela, and
born in Oneida County, New York, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1847 to
1849. He studied law, and was District Attorney for
Lewis County, until he removed to Cleveland, Ohio.
Colquitt, Alfred II,—lie was a native of Geor-
gia ; graduated at Princeton College in 1844 ; a Rep-
resentative in Congress from that State from 1853 to
1855, and a Presidential Elector in 1861.
Colquitt, W, T, — He was born in Halifax Coun-
ty, Virginia, December 27, 1799 ; was educated at
Princeton College, and admitted to the bar in 1820.
He was a Brigadier-General of Militia at the age of
twenty-one ; in 1826 he was appointed a District Judge,
and held the first court ever held in Columbus ; was
appointed to the same office in 1829 ; was a member
of the State Senate in 1834 and 1837 ; a Representa-
tive in Congress from Georgia from 1839 to 1843, and
a Senator in Congress from 1843 to 1849. He was
also a member of the Nashville Conveiftion in 1850 ;
and he died at Macon, Georgia, May 7, 1855.
Colston, Edward, — Born in Berkeley County,
Virginia, in 1788, and graduated at Princeton College
in 1806. He served for a long time as Magistrate of
the County, and in the capacity of High Sheriff ; was
frequently a member of the State Legislature ; and
was a Representative in Congress from Virginia
from 1817 to 1819. He died April 23, 1851.
Comegys, Cornelius I*, — He was born in
Delaware, and was Governor of that State, 1837 to
1840.
Co^negys, Joseph JP, — Son of Cornelius P.
Comegys, formerly Governor of the State of Dela-
ware ; was born in St. Jone's Neck, at Cherbourg,
near Dover, Delaware, December 29, 1813 ; was edu-
cated at Dover Academy. In May, 1831, entered the
office of J. M. Clayton, as a student of law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1835 ; elected a member of the
House of Representatives of the State in 1842 and
1848. In January, 1851, was appointed by the Gen-
eral Assembly one of a Committee of three to revise
the Statutes of the State. In November, 1856, was
chosen by the Governor to fill the vacancy in the
United States Senate occasioned by the death of John
M. Clayton. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel-
phia " National Union Convention " of 1866.
Comingo, Abram, — He was born in Mercer
County, Kentucky, January 9, 1820 ; received a liberal
education ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1847 ;
removed to Missouri in 1848 ; elected a member of the
Missouri State Convention in 1861 ; appointed Pro-
vost-Marshal in May, 1863, and was elected to the
Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving
on the Committees on Indian and Freedmen's Affairs.
Comins, Linus i5. — Born in Charlton, Massa-
chusetts, in 1817; graduated at the "Worcester
County Manual Labor High School;" and was de-
voted to mercantile business, and to manufacturing.
He was a member of the Roxbury City Council in
1846, and in 1847 and 1848 President of the Council.
In 1854 he was Mayor of Roxbury, and having been
soon after elected to Congress from Massachusetts,
continued in that position to the close of the Thirty-
fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Com-
merce.
Comstock, George F, — He was born in Wii-
liamstown, Oswego County, New York, August 24,
1811 ; graduated at Union College in 1834 ; taught
Greek and Latin in a private school ; studied law,
and in 1837 came to the bar in Syracuse, which be-
came his place of residence ; in 1847 was appointed
Reporter of the Decisions of the Court of Appeals, and
published four volumes ; in 1852 he was appointed
Solicitor of the Treasury, and went out of office in
1853 ; in 1855 he was elected Judge of the Court of
Appeals, remaining on the Bench until 1861, and was
Chief Justice during the last year ; subsequently de-
voted all his attention to the practice of his profes-
sion ; was a member of the State Constitutional
Convention of 1867 ; and the story of his exerting
himself to establish a law for the putting a stop to
the official conduct of such men as William M.
Tweed, and then appearing as his advocate or defend-
er, when in prison, is a curious episode in the his-
tory of the State, and has been the cause of much
unjust criticism by the party press.
Comstock, Oliver C, — He was bred a Baptist
minister, and was a member of the New York As-
sembly in 1810 and 1812, and a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1813 to 1819. He
subsequently officiated as Chaplain of the House of
Representatives ; and died at Marshall, Michigan,
January 11, 1860, aged seventy-six years.
Conant, Charles JP.— He was born in Milford,
New Hampshire, April 22, 1835; received an academic
education ; engaged in mercantile pursuits ; became
92
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
a clerk in tlie Treasury Department in 1868; and in
July, 1874, lie was appointed Assistant Secretary of
the Treasury Department, and is still in office.
Condict, tToJin, — He was born in 1755 ; was a
soldier and surgeon during the Revolutionary War.
He was a member of the New Jersey Legislature for
several years ; a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1799 to 1803 ; a Senator in Congress
from 1803 to 1817, and again a Representative dur-
ing the years 1819 and 1820. He died May 4, 1834.
Condictf Lewis, — Born at Morristown, New
Jersey, in March, 1773, and was a physician of emi-
nence. From 1805 to 1810 he was a member of the
New Jersey Legislature, the two latter years officia-
ting as Speaker ; in 1807 was a Commissioner for set-
tling the boundary between New York and New Jer-
sey ; and he was a Representative in Congress from
1811 to 1817 and from 1821 to 1833. In 1841 he was
a Presidential Elector. He was also at one time
Sheriff of Morris County, and died at Morristown,
New Jersey. May 26, 1862.
Condictf Silcis, — He was a Delegate from New
Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1781 to
1784 ; and his son bearing the same name was a
Representative in the Federal Congress.
Condictf Silas, — Born in New Jersey in 1777 ;
graduated at Princeton College in 1795 ; was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from New Jersey from 1831
to 1833. He was a member of the Convention which
formed the State Constitution of 1844 ; for many
years President of the Newark Banking Company ;
and was frequently elected to the Legislature of
New Jersey. Died at Newark, New Jersey, Novem-
ber 29, 1861.
Candy f tTonathan IF, — He was born in Penn-
sylvania, and was elected Clerk of the House of
Representatives in 1797 and held the position until
1800.
Conger, Harmon S, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from New York from 1847 to 1851.
His native State was Connecticut.
Conger, James i.— He was born in New Jer-
sey, and, on removing to Michigan, was elected a
Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1853.
Conger f Omar X).— Born in Cooperstown, Ot-
sego County, New York, in 1818 ; removed with his
father, who was a clergyman, to Huron County,
Ohio, in 1824; graduated in 1842 at the Western
Reserve College ; from 1845 to 1847 he was em-
ployed in the Geological Surveys of Lake Superior ;
and in 1848 he settled at Port Huron, Michigan, in
the practice of law. In 1850 he was elected Judge
of St. Clair County ; was a Senator in the State Leg-
islature from 1855 to 1859, during the latter serving
as President pro tern. ; was a Delegate to the Balti-
more Convention of 1864 ; also a Presidential Elector
at the ensuing election, and Messenger from Michi-
gan to carry the vote to Washington ; in 1866 he
was a member of the State Constitutional Conven-
tion ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative
from Michigan to the Forty-first Congress, serving on
the Committee on Commerce, and re-elected to the
three succeeding Congresses, serving on the Commit-
tee on Commerce and Chairman of that on Patents.
Conkling, Alfred, — He was born in East Hamp-
ton, Suffolk County, New York, October 12, 1789 ;
graduated at Union College ; studied law, and came
to the bar in 1812 ; was District Attorney for Mont-
gomery County for two or three years ; and was
elected a Representative from New York to the Seven-
teenth Congress. He then settled in Albany, and in
1825 was appointed by President Adams Judge of
the United States for the Northern District of New
York, his nomination having been unanimously con-
firmed by the Senate. While upon the bench he
wrote two law books that were much needed by the
profession ; one of them entitled " Conkling's Treat-
ise," and the other " Conkling's Admiralty." In 1852
he was appointed by President Fillmore Minister to
Mexico, and on his return from that mission he set-
tled at Genesee, New York, and devoted himself
mainly to literary pursuits, including the prepara-
tion and publication of new editions of his law
books. In 1867 he published a work on " The Pow-
ers of the Executive Departments of the United
States." Two of his sons were Representatives in
Congress. Died at Utica, February 5, 1874. _ -^
Conhling, Frederick A, — He was born in
Montgomery County, New York, August 22, 1816 ;
was bred a merchant, and has followed that occupa-
tion in the city of New York ; was a member of the
Assembly of New York in 1854, 1859, and 1860 ; and
was elected a Representative from New York to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Naval Affairs.
Conhling f JRoscoe, — Was born in Albany in
1828 ; received a good education ; adopted the profes-
sion of law ; in 1849 he was appointed District Attor-
ney for Oneida County ; in 1858 he was elected Mayor
of Utica, to which place he had removed in 1846 ; and
at the close of 1858 he was elected a Representative
from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving
as a member of the Committee on the District of Co-
lumbia ; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on a Bank-
rupt Law, and also as Chairman of that on the Dis-
trict of Columbia ; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress. His father, Alfred Conkling, and his brother,
Frederick A,, were also Rei)resentatives in Congress.
In the Thirty-ninth Congress he served on the Com-
mittees on Ways and Means and Reconstruction. He
was re-elected a Representative to the Fortieth Con-
gress, but in January, 1867, was chosen a Senator in
Congress for the term ending in 1873, serving on the
Committees on Appropriations, the Judiciary, and
Mines and Mining. He was also President of the
Republican State Convention of 1867. He was re-
elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1879,
and was Chairman of the Committee on the Revision
of Laws.
Connelly, Henry, — He was born in Virginia ;
removed to Kansas ; and in 1861 he was appointed
Governor of the Territory of New Mexico, residing
in Santa Fe, and remaining in office until 1865.
Conner, John, C, — He was bom in Noblesville,
Indiana, October 27, 1842 ; educated at Wabash Col-
lege ; entered the army in 1862 as a Lieutenant, and
served until the close of the war ; upon the reorgani-
zation of the army in 1866 was appointed a Captain
in the Forty-first Infantry, and served in Texas; and
was elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con-
gresses, serving on the Committee on the Militia.
Conner, Samuel S, — He was born in New
Hampshire ; graduated at Yale College in 1806 ; was
a Lieutenant-Colonel in the United States Army in
1812 (Eighteenth Infantry) ; was a Representative in
Congress from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1817. He
also held the office of Surveyor-General in Ohio in
1819. He died at Covington, Kentucky, December
17, 1820.
ConnesSf John, — He was born in Ireland, Sep-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
93
tember 20, 1821, but came to this country wlien thir-
teen years of age ; was among the first emigrants to
California, where he became engaged in mining and
mercantile pursuits. In 1852 he was elected to the
State Legislature, and was re-elected three times. In
1859 he was candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of
California, and in 1861 a candidate for Governor of
the Union Democratic party. In 1863 he was elected
a Senator in Congress from California, for the term
ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Fi-
nance and the Pacific Railroad, as Chairman of the
Committee on Mines and Mining, and as a member
also of that on Post Offices and Post Roads. He was
also a Delegate to the Philadelphia •' Loyalists' Con-
vention " of 1866.
Connor, Henry W. — Born in Prince George
County, Virginia, in August, 1793 ; educated at the
University of South Carolina, where he gradu-
ated in 1812 ; in 1814 he was Aid-de-camp to Gene-
ral Joseph Graham in the Creek War ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from North Carolina from
1821 to 1841, when he declined a re-election ; and
having in 1848 served in the General Assembly, he
also declined a re-election to that office, and retired
to private life. Died in North Carolina, January 15,
1866.
Connor, Selden, — He was born in Fairfield,
Maine, January 25, 1839; graduated at Tuft's College in
1859 ; studied law, but before entering upon the prac-
tice he enlisted and went to the war as a private, in
1860, in a Vermont regiment ; subsequently be-
came Lieutenant-Colonel of a Maine regiment ; was
promoted to the rank of Colonel, and severely
wounded in the battle of the Wilderness in 1864 ;
was then made a Brigadier-General. In 1868 he was
appointed an Assessor of Liternal Revenue ; in 1873
a Collector of Internal Revenue ; and in 1875 elected
Governor of the State of Maine.
Connove?^, Sifnon U.— He was born in Middle-
sex County, New Jersey, September 23, 1840 ; received
a liberal education, and studied medicine ; was ap-
pointed Assistant Surgeon in the Army of the Cum-
berland in 1863, and stationed at Nashville, Tennes-
see ; after several promotions he was ordered to
Lake City, Florida, in 1866, and shortly afterwards
resigned his commission. He was a member of the
Convention which framed the Constitution in 1868 ;
was appointed State Treasurer ; was a member of the
Chicago Convention in 1868, and appointed a member
of the National Republican Committee, on which he
served four years ; he was also a member of the
State Executive Republican Committee ; on retiring
from the position of State Treasurer at the expiration
of his term of office, he was elected to the State Leg-
islature from the County of Leon, and presided over
that body ; he was elected to the United States Senate
for the term commencing in 1873 and ending in 1879,
serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Revolu-
tionary Claims and Transj^ortation.
Conrad, Charles iitf,— He was born in Winches-
ter, Virginia, and when an infant went with his
father, first to Mississippi, and then to Louisiana,
where he has since resided. In 1828 he was admitted
to the bar in New Orleans ; served a number of years
in the State Lejj^islature ; was a Senator in Congress
in 1842 and 1843 ; was a member of the State Consti-
tutional Convention in 1844 ; and a Representative in
Congress from Louisiana from 1849 to August, 1850,
when he became Secretary of War under President
Fillmore. Served in the Southern Rebellion as a
Brigadi er-General .
Conrad, FredericJc, — He was a Representative
in C ngress from Pennsylvania from 1803 to 1807.
Conrad, tlolm, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1815.
Constable, Albert. — He was born in Maryland,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1845 to 1847. He was also a Presidential
Elector in 1832 ; elected Judge of the Circuit Court of
Maryland in 1851 ; and died in Camden, New
Jersey, in September, 1855.
Contee, Senjamin, — He was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788, and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Maryland from 1789
to 1791. He was one of those who voted for locating
the Seat of Government on the Potomac.
Converse, Julius, — He was born in Stafford,
Connecticut, in 1799 ; and was Governor of Vermont
from 1872 to 1874.
Conway, Ellas N, — He was Governor of Arkan-
sas for eight years, from 1860 to 1868.
Comvay, Henry TF,— He was born in Greene
County, Tennessee, and was a Delegate to Congress
from the Territory of Arkansas from 1823 to 1829.
Conway, tTames S. — He was Governor of Ar-
kansas from 1836 to 1840, having been the first
elected under the State Constitution.
Conway, Martin F» — Was born in Charleston,
South Carolina, about the year 1830 ; removed to
Baltimore in his fourteenth year ; was bred a printer;
followed that business for a time, and took part in
originating the National Typographical Union. He
subsequently studied law and practiced for several
years ; went to Kansas in 1854, and was elected to
the Council of the first Territorial Legislature.
Under the Topeka Convention he was chosen Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court. In 1856 he was Pres-
ident of the Leavenworth Constitutional Convention;
and in 1859 he was elected a Representative from
Kansas to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on
the Committee on Indian Affairs. Subsequently
settled in Washington City.
Cony, Samuel, — Born in Augusta, Maine, Feb-
ruary 27, 1811 ; graduated at Brown IJniversity in
1829 ; began the practice of law in 1832 ; member of
the Maine Legislature in 1835 and 1862 ; member of
the Council in 1839 ; Judge of Probate from 1840 to
1847 ; State Treasurer from 1850 to 1855 ; Mayor of
Augusta in 1854 ; and Governor of Maine from 1864
to 1867. Died in Augusta, September 5, 1870.
ConynghafTif JTohn N. — He was born in Phila-
delphia'in 1798 ; graduated at the University of Penn-
sylvania in 1816 ; and, after coming to the bar, located
at Wilkesbarre, where he was a prominent Judge for
more than thirty years. He also occupied a leading
position in the Protestant Episcopal Church. Died
by a railway accident in Mississippi, in March, 1871.
Cook, Burton C— Born in Monroe County, New
York, May 11, 1819 ; received a collegiate education ;
adopted the profession of law ; elected State Attorney
for the Ninth Circuit in 1846, for two years, by the
Legislature ; re-elected in 1848, for four years, by the
people ; was a member of the State Senate from 1852
to 1860, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative
from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on
the Committee on the Judiciary. Re-elected to the
Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on
Elections and the Niagara Ship Canal, and as Chair-
man of the Committee on Roads and Canals. Re-
elected to the Forty-first Congress and made Chairman
of the District of Columbia and Judiciary Committees.
94
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Cook, Daniel P, — He was born in Scott County,
Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress from
Illinois from 1820 to 1827, and filled with great ability
bis duties as a member of the Committee of Ways and
Means. By such men as Mr. Calhoun and Judge
McLean he was considered a man of remarkable tal-
ents. He died at the age of thirty -two years, in Octo-
ber, 1827.
CooTc, John JP. — He was born in New York, and,
on taking up his residence in Iowa, was elected a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1853
to 1855.
CooTCf Orchard, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Massachusetts from 1805 to 1811. He
was a merchant by occupation and, for some years,
Sheriff of Lincoln County,
CooJCf JPhilip. — He was born in Twiggs County,
Georgia, July 31, 1817 ; educated at Oglethorpe Uni-
versity ; read law at the University of Virginia ; was
elected to the State Senate in 1859, 1860, and 1863 ;
was also a member of the State Convention of 1865 ;
entered the Confederate service in April, 1861, as a
private, and rose to be Brigadier-General ; was elected
to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but not allowed to take
his seat, and elected to the Forty-third and Forty-
fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on the
Militia.
Cookf Thomas S, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1811 to 1813, and a
member of the Assembly of that State in 1838 and
1839.
CooJCf Zadock,— Born in 1769 ; was frequently in
the Legislature of Georgia ; and a Representative in
Congress from 1817 to 1819. His memory is said to
have been remarkable, as he could, after reading a
chapter in the Bible, repeat the same from beginning
to end. In 1854 he was still living.
Cooke, JBate, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York from 1831 to 1833. At one
time, from 1839 to 1841, he held the office of Comp-
troller of New York ; and was also Bank Commis-
sioner in 1840. Died in 1841.
CoQke, Eleiltheros, — Born in Granville, Wash-
ington County, New York, December 25, 1787. He
received a liberal education, and having studied law,
practiced it with success both in New York and Ohio
until 1830. He was a Representative in Congress
from Ohio from 1831 to 1833 ; served for many years
in the Legislature of that State, before and after en-
tering Congress ; and though ostensibly living in re-
tirement, he was for many years very frequently
called upon to address the citizens of Ohio on topics of
a varied nature, on account of his popularity as an
orator. Died at Sandusky, Ohio, December 27, 1865.
He was the father of the distinguislied bankers. Jay,
Pitt, and Henry D. Cooke.
Cooke, Henry D, — Born in Sandusky City, Ohio,
November 23, 1825 ; graduated at Transylvania Uni-
versity, Kentucky, in 1844 ; studied law at home and
in Philadelphia, but soon turned his attention to writ-
ing for the press ; in 1847 he sailed to Valparaiso, in
Chili, as an attache to the American Consul there ;
the ship in which he sailed was wrecked off the Ber-
mudas, but reaching St. Thomas in safety, he con-
tinued his journey across Panama. While detained
at St. Thomas, the idea of a steamship line from New
York to California, by way of Panama, was suggested
to him, and he wrote on the subject to the Philadelphia
United States Gazette and the New York Courier and,
Enquirer; this correspondence was transmitted to the
Department of State by the Consul, W, G. Moor-
head, and thus in about two years the Pacific Mail
Steamship Company was organized. Mr. Cooke sub-
sequently resided in California ; had much to do with
the shipping of the Pacific ; was the first to announce
through a dispatch from the Military Governor of
California to Washington, the discovery of gold in
the Sacramento valley ; after meeting with misfor-
tunes in California, he returned to the east and was
associated with the United States Gazette, Sandusky
Register and the Ohio State Journal ; was a Presiden-
tial Elector in 1856 ; in 1861 became a partner in the
house of Jay Cooke & Co. ; frequently visited Europe
on business, and in 1870 he was appointed the first
Governor of the District of Columbia, which office he
resigned in 1873. He was a resident of Georgetown
for more than fifteen years, and besides building a
Mission Church in that city, he gave twenty thousand
dollars towards re-building a second Episcopal
Church in the same place ; while his other munifi-
cent gifts for the public benefit have been large and
frequent. He was the son of Eleutheros, a distin-
guished orator and Congressman, and brother of Jay
Cooke, the eminent financier.
Cooke, Jay, — He was born in Sandusky, Ohio,
August 10, 1821, and was the brother of H. D. Cooke,
and son of the member of Congress. After receiving
a good English education he went to Philadelphia in
1838 ; entered the banking house of E. W. Clark &
Co. as a clerk ; became a partner at the age of twen-
ty-one, and in 1861 established the house of Jay
Cooke & Co. Through the infiuence of his personal
friend Salmon P. Chase, then Secretary of the Treas-
ury, he was designated by President Lincoln as a
suitable person to negotiate for the Government and
popularize the National Loans, in which he was emi-
nently successful, and thus accomplished much to
help the Union cause during the Rebellion. He be-
came very wealthy, and was noted for his great liber-
ality and superior culture, and when, in 1873, his house
was compelled to suspend on account of the panic of
that year, the event was considered a national calam-
ity.
Cookef Joseph P, — He was born in 1730 ; grad-
uated at Yale College in 1750 ; was a Delegate from
Connecticut to the Continental Congress from 1784 to
1788 ; and died at Danbury, Connecticut, in 1816.
Cooke, Nicholas, — Born in Providence, Rhode
Island, February 3, 1717 ; was Deputy-Governor of
the State from May to October, 1775 ; and Governor
from that date to May, 1778. " He merited and won
the ap])robation of his fellow- citizens, and was hon-
ored with the friendship and confidence of Washing-
ton." Such is the inscription on his monument. He
died in Providence, September 14, 1782.
Cooley, Dennis K, — He was born in New
Hampshire, and in 1865 he was appointed from Iowa
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, remaining in office
only a little more than one year.
Cooley, James, — He was a citizen of Pennsyl-
vania, and in 1826 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires
to Peru, where he died February 24, 1828.
Coolidge, Carlos, — Born in Windsor, Vermont,
in 1792 ; graduated at Middlebury College in 1811 ;
practiced law in Windsor fifty-two years ; was State
Attorney for the County from 1831 to 1836 ; Rei)re-
sentative from 1834 to 1837, and from 1839 to 1842 ;
was Speaker in 1836, and during his latter term ;
Governor of Vermont from 1849 to 1851 ; and was
Senator from 1855 to 1857. Received the degree of
LL.D., from Middlebury College in 1849. Died at
Windsor, August 15, 1866.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
95
Cooper f David. — He was an early emigrant to
Minnesota, and in 1850 he was appointed a Judge of
the United States Court for that District.
Cooper f JEdmiind, — He was born in Franklin,
Williams County, Tennessee, September 11, 1821 ;
graduated at Jackson College in 1889 ; read law and
attended lectures at Harvard University, and settled
in the practice of the profession in Bedford County ;
in 1849 he was elected to the Tennessee Legislature ;
was elected a " Union Delegate" to the State Conven-
tion proposed in 1861 ; was again elected to the State
Legislature in 1865, but resigned on being elected a
Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, taking his seat near the close of the first
session, and serving on the Committees on the Murders
in South Carolina and on Territories. In November,
1867, he was appointed Assistant Secretary of the
Treasury.
Cooper, George S, — Born at Long Hill, Morris
County, New Jersey, June 6, 1808 ; received a good
common-school education ; removed to Michigan in
1830 ; served in the two Houses of the State Legisla-
ture ; served two terms as State Treasurer of Michi-
gan ; held the position of Postmaster at Jackson for
eleven years, which he resigned when chosen Treas-
urer*; and was elected a Representative from Michi-
gan to the Thirty-sixth Congress. His seat, however,
was contested by William A. Howard, and before the
close of the first session the latter was admitted.
Cooper, Henry, — Was born in Columbia, Ten-
nessee, August 22, 1827 ; graduated at Jackson Col-
lege, August 11, 1847 ; studied law at Shelby ville and
admitted to the bar in 1849 ; elected to the State Leg-
islature in 1853 and 1857 ; appointed in 1862 Judge
of the Seventh Judicial Circuit of Tennessee, but re-
signed in 1866 ; was chosen Professor in the Law
School at Lebanon, Tennessee, in 1866, and resigned
in 1867, Avhen he removed to Nashville ; was elected
to the State Senate in 1869 and 1870, and elected to
the United States Senate for the term ending in 1877,
serving on several Committees.
Cooper, Jannes, — He was born in Frederick
County, Maryland, May 8, 1810. He commenced his
education at the common schools of the county, spent
some little time at St. Mary's College, and graduated
at Washington College, Pennsylvania. He studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in Pennsylvania in
1834; was elected a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania in 1838, and re-elected in 1840 ; in 1843
he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected
in 1844, 1846, and 1848, serving in 1847 as Speaker;
in 1848 he was appointed Attorney-General of Penn-
sylvania, and in 1849 was chosen a Senator in Con-
gress for the term of six years. During his service
in Conoress his health was feeble, so that he could
not participate in the debates of the Senate to the ex-
tent that he desired, and on his return to Pennsyl-
vania settled in Philadelphia and subsequently in
Frederick, Maryland. He afterwards became a Brig-
adier-General in the army, and died at Columbus,
Ohio, March 28, 1863.
Cooper, tTohn, — He was a Delegate from New
Jersey to the Continental Congress in 1776.
Cooper, MarU A, — He was born in Georgia, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1842 to 1843.
Cooper, IlichardM, — Born in Gloucester Coun-
ty, New Jersey ; was a member of the Society of
Friends ; and was a Representative in Congress from
New Jersey from 1829 to 1833. He also served in the
Legislature, and was President of the State Bank at
Camden,
years.
Died March 10, 1844, aged seventy-six
Cooper, Thomas, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Delaware from 1813 to 1817.
Cooper, Thomas H, — He was born in Coopers-
town, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, December 29,
1823 ; was educated at Pennsylvania College, at
Gettysburg, and also at the University of Pennsylva-
nia, where he graduated in 1843 ; and having adopted
the profession of a i^hysician he was successful there-
in. He was elected a Representative in Congress
from Pennsylvania, for the term ending in 1863; but
died at Cooperstown, April 4, 1862, during the second
session of the Thirty-seventh Congress.
Cooper, William, — Born in New Jersey ; and
having removed to Otsego County, New York, became
the founder of Cooperstown. He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from New York from 1795 to 1797,
and again from 1799 to 1801. He was the father of
the eminent author, James Fenimore Cooper.
Cooper, William J5. — He was a native of Del-
aware ; Governor of the State from 1840 to 1844 ;
and died April 27, 1849.
Cooper, W, R, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New Jersey from 1839 to 1841.
Corhett, Henry W, — He was born in Westbor-
ough, Massachusetts, February 18, 1827. When quite
young he removed to Washington County, New York ;
was educated chiefly at the Cambridge Academy, in that
County ; when sixteen years of age he removed to New
York city, where he remained nearly eight years, en-
gaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1850 he shipped a
stock of goods to Portland, in Oregon, and removed
to that Territory in the following year, where he has
since followed the mercantile business. He took an
active part in politics, and was identified with the or-
ganization of the Republican and Union parties in the
State ; was a Delegate from Oregon to the Chicago
Convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln for the
Presidency ; and in 1866 he was elected a Senator in
Congress from Oregon for the term commencing in
1867 and ending in 1873, serving on the Committees
on Commerce, Indian Affairs, and District of Colum-
bia.
Corcoran, William W, — He was born in
Georgetown, District of Columbia, December 27, 1798,
his father having been an emigrant from Ireland ; was
bred a merchant, but failed in that business, and be-
came an exchange broker in Washington ; formed a
partnership with GeorgeW. Riggs, in 1840; and, during
the war with Mexico, he was selected by his friend,
Robert J. Walker, then Secretary of the Treasury,
witli the assent of President Polk, Financier for the
Government, and thus was laid the foundation of a
large fortune which he subsequently obtained. He
became distinguished for his many public benefac-
tions, and was the founder of the "Louise Home,"
the "Corcoran Art Gallery," and the "Georgetown
Cemetery," and made many liberal endowments to
educational and benevolent institutions in the District
of Columbia and the State of Virginia.
Corley, Simeon,— Born in Lexington, South
Carolina ; received an English education, and was ap-
prenticed to a tailor ; early took part in politics as an
antislaverv man ; was officially connected with one or
two religious societies ; edited a temperance paper for
two years, and was a writer for other journals ; was
conscripted into the Confederate Army daring the Re-
bellion ; was a Delegate to the Reconstruction Consti-
tutional Convention of South Carolina; and was
93
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
elected a Representative from South Carolina to tlie
Fortietli Congress, serving on the Committee on the
State Department. His unsuccessful opponent for
Congress was his commander in the Confederate
army.
Cornelisofif JTohn M, — ^He was born in New
Jersey, in 1802 ; prepared himself for the medical
profession, and, at the age of twenty-three, began the
practice of his profession in Jersey City, at which
time he was the only physician in Hudson County.
He was in early life sent to the State Legislature,
and was, for several years. Judge of the Court of Er-
rors ; also Mayor of Bergen before it was consolidated
with Jersey City, and was, also, President of the
Board of Public Works of the latter place. He died
at his home on Bergen Heights, May 24, 1875.
Cornell, JEzekiel, — He was a Delegate from
Rhode Island to the Continental Congress from 1780
to 1783.
Cornellf Thomas, — He was born at White
Plains, Westchester County, New York, January 27,
1814 ; received a common-school education ; has been
engaged in the business of transportation and bank-
ing, and, in 1866, he was elected a Representative
from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Roads and Canals and Education
and Labor.
Corning f Erastus, — Born in Norwich, Connecti-
cut, December 14, 1794. When thirteen years of age
he went to Troy, New York, and entered the hard-
ware store of his uncle, Benjamin Smith, the bulk of
whose property he subsequently inherited. In 1814
he removed to Albany and continued in the same
business, establishing the well-known house, still in
existence, of Erastus Corning & Co. His first public
position was that of Alderman of the City of Albany ;
from that he was promoted to Mayor, which office he
held for three years. He was also for several years
an influential Railroad, Bank, and Canal Company
President ; for several terms a member of the State
Legislature ; and was elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Naval Affairs ; in 1860 he was re-elected to the Thir-
ty-seventh Ccmgress, serving on the Committee on
Ways and Means ; and was also a member of the
Peace Congress of 1861. Re-elected in 1862 to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, but resigned on account of
his health. In 1838 he was a Regent of the Univer-
sity of New York, and he was a Delegate to the State
Constitutional Convention of 1867. Died April 9,
1872.
Corwin, FranMin, — He was born in Lebanon,
Ohio, January 12, 1818 ; studied law and came to the
bar in 1839 ; served several years in the State Legis-
lature of Ohio, part of the time in the Senate ; re-
moved to Illinois in 1857 ; elected to the Legislature
of that State, serving two years as Speaker ; and was
elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the
Committee on the Pacific Railroad.
Corivinf Moses B, — He was born in Bourbon
County, Kentucky, January 5, 1790 ; spent his boy-
hood on a farm in Ohio ; received a good education ;
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1812. In
1838 and 1839 he was elected to the Legislature ; and
was a Representative in Congress from Ohio, from
1849 to 1851, and from 1853 to 1855, serving as a
member of the Committee on the Post Ofiice Depart-
ment. He was the brother ot^homas, and died at
Urbana, April 7, 1872. ^
Cortvin, Tho^nas* — Born in Bourbon County,
Kentucky, July 29, 1794. Rising from humble life,
he became distinguished as a lawyer, having come to
the bar in 1817 ; was elected to the Ohio Legislature
in 1822, and afterwards a Representative to Congress
from the Warren District, in 1831. He continued a
member of the House nntil 1840 ; was chosen Gov-
ernor of Ohio in October of that year ; and was a
Presidential Elector in 1844. He was Governor but
two years, Wilson Shannon succeeding him in 1842.
The Whigs having a majority in the Legislature of
Ohio in 1845, elected him a United States Senator,
which ofiice he held till his appointment in the Cabinet,
in 1850, as Secretary of the Treasury, under Presi-
dent Fillmore. He was long known in Congress as
an advocate of the Whig measures of policy. As a
stump speaker and before a jury, his eloquence was
singularly effective. In October, 1858, he was elected
a Representative in Congress from Ohio, for the term
commencing in 1859 ; and during that year a volume
of his Speeches was published. He was Chairman of
the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and of the Special
Committee of Thirty-three, in the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, on the Rebellious States. Re-elected to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, but in 1861 was appointed
by President Lincoln Minister to Mexico. After his
return from Mexico he resided in Washington, Avhere
he died December 18, 1865. His Life and Speeches
were published in 1859, edited by Isaac Strohm.
Cotteral, tT, L, T, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Alabama, from 1846 to 1847.
Cottman, JosejyJi S, — Born in Somerset County,
Maryland, August 16, 1803 ; received a classical edu-
cation ; admitted to the bar in 1826 ; served in the
Maryland Legislature ; was a Presidential Elector in
1849 ; and a member of Congress from 1851 to 1853.
Died in Somerset County, Maryland, in 1863.
Cotton, Aylett H, — Born in Austintown, Ohio,
November 29, 1826 ; removed to Iowa in 1844 ; was a
student at Alleghany College, Pennsylvania, in 1845 ;
taught school in Fayette County, Tennessee, in 1846 ;
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Clinton
County, Iowa, in 1848 ; crossed the Plains to Califor-
nia in 1849, and returned to Iowa in 1851 ; was ap-
pointed Judge of Clinton County in 1851 ; was Prose-
cuting Attorney of the same county in 1854 ; a
member of the State Constitutional Convention in
1857 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1868
and 1870, serving as Speaker ; and was elected to the
Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on
the Committees on Freedmen's Affairs and the District
of Columbia.
Coulter f fJohn, — He was born in Virginia, lib-
erally educated, and a lawyer by profession, and he
was for many years a prominent Judge of the Circuit
Court and the Court of Appeals, in Virginia. Died
in Stafford County, in that State, February 2, 1838.
Coulter, JRichard, — He attained eminence as a
lawyer, and was a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania from 1827 to 1835, and died in West-
moreland County, Pennsylvania, April 21, 1852. At
the time of his death he was Judge of the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania.
Covington, Leonard, — He was born at Aquas-
co. Prince George County, Maryland, October 30,
1768. In 1793 he obtained from General Washington
the commission of Lieutenant of Dragoons, and joined
the army under General Wayne ; he distinguished
himself at Fort Recovery, and the battle of Miami,
and was honorably mentioned in the official report of
General Wayne. After the war he was promoted to
the rank of Captain, by Washington, in 1794, and re-
tired to the yjursuits of agriculture. He was for many
years a member of the Legislature of Maryland, and
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
97
was elected a Representative in Congress, from that
State, from 1805 to 1807. He was appointed by Pres-
ident Jefferson in 1809, Lieutenant-Colonel of a regi-
ment of cavalry, and in 1810 was in command at Fort
Adams, on tlie Mississippi, and took possession of
Baton Rouge, and a portion of West Florida. In 1813
lie was ordered to the Northern frontier, and ap-
pointed by President Madison Brigadier-General. At
the battle of Williamsburg he received a mortal
wound while animating his men, and leading them to
the charge, and died at French Mills, October 13, 1813,
two days after his fall. His remains were removed
to Sackett's Harbor, August 13, 1820, and the place
of his burial is now known as Mount Covington. He
had the reputation of being one of the best officers in
the service.
CovodCf tTohn, — Born in Westmoreland County,
Pennsylvania, March 17, 1808 ; a farmer and manu-
facturer by occupation, and extensively engaged in
the coal business. He was elected, from Pennsyl-
vania, a Representative to the Thirty-fourth and re-
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Public Expenditures. He was also
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was
made Chairman of a Special Committee appointed
to investigate certain charges made against President
Buchanan and his administration. Re-elected to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of
the Committee on Public Expenditures. Was a Dele-
gate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of
1866 ; and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving
on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and Chair-
man of that on Public Buildings and Grounds. In 1869
lie was made Chairman of the Republican State Com-
mittee, and died at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Jan-
uary 11, 1871.
Coivan, Edgar, — He was born in Westmore-
land County, Pennsylvania, September 19, 1815. After
spending one year at Franklin College, Ohio, he grad-
uated at that institution in 1839. While yet a mere
boy he was thrown upon his own resources for a sup-
port, and until 1842 followed various employments ;
having been a clerk, boat-builder, school-master, and
a student of medicine. He subsequently studied law,
and practiced the profession until 1861, when he was
chosen a Senator in Congress from Pennsylvania for
the term ending in 1867, serving on the Committees on
the Juciciary and Enrolled Bills, and as Chairman of
the Committee on Patents and the Patent Office, and
those on Finance and Agriculture. He was also a
member of the National Committee appointed to ac-
company the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois.
In 1860 he was a Presidential Elector, and he was a
Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con-
vention " of 1866 ; and in January, 1867, he was ap-
pointed by President Johnson Minister to xiustria, but
was not confirmed.
Cowan, Jacob JP.— Bom in Florence, Wash-
ington County, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1823; re-
ceived a common-school education at that place, and
in Steuben ville, Ohio ; graduated at the Starling
Medical College in Columbus ; from 1855 to 1859 he
was a member of the State Legislature ; practiced his
profession, but became a dealer in real estate and Pres-
ident of a private baAk ; and in 1874 he was elected a
Representative from Ohio to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress. In December, 1875, he was appointed Chair-
man of the Committee on Militia.
Cowerif benjamin Hush, — Born in Moorfield,
Harrison County, Ohio, August 15, 1831 ; son of B.
S. Cowen, formerly a Representative in Congress ;
educated at the St. Clairsville Institute ; studied med-
icine, but never practiced ; was a practical printer
and publisher for ten years ; was a Delegate to the
National Republican Convention of 1856 ; was chosen
Chief Clerk of the Ohio House of Representatives in
1860 ; at the commencement of the Rebellion in 1861,
he enlisted in the Volunteer Army, and became an
additional paymaster, serving under McClellan and
Rosecrans ; in the same year he was elected Secre-
tary of State, but resigned in 1862 ; was appointed
Adjutant-General of Ohio in 1864, and served as such
for four years, receiving three brevets. Was also an
Inspector of Military Prisons. He subsequently went
into the iron and coal business at Bellaire ; was a
Delegate to the National Philadelphia Convention of
1866, and the Chicago Convention of 1868, of which
he was Secretary ; and in 1871 was appointed Assist-
ant Secretary of the Interior Department. He was
also a leading member of the Republican Committee
of Ohio, and Chairman of the State Committee.
Cowen, JSenjamin Sprague, — Born in
Washington County, New York, September 27, 1793 ;
was raised on a farm and self-educated ; he taught
school, studied medicine, and served as a soldier in
the War of 1812 ; removed to Ohio in 1820 ; practiced
medicine for a time, and then came to the bar in 1829 ;
was editor of a newspaper from 1836 to 1840 ; Dele-
gate to the Harrisburg Convention in 1839 ; elected a
Representative in Congress in 1840, serving as Chair-
man of the Committee on Claims, and was the mover
of the One Hour rule ; was again elected to Congress
in 1844, and was Chairman of the Committee on
Finance ; secured the passage of the resolution in the
Ohio Legislature, in favor of expunging the resolu-
tion of censure of John Quincy Adams ; from 1841,
he was President Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas. During the Rebellion, he assisted the Govern-
ment with zeal in various capacities ; and he was for
many years President of a local Bible Society. Died
at St. Clairsville, Ohio, September 27, 1869. His son,
B. R. Cowen, is Assistant Secretary of the Interior
Department ; and the eminent jurist and author,
Esek Cowen, was his brother.
Cowen, Esek, — He was born in New York in
1788 ; received a good education, and adopted the pro-
fession of law-; was for many years a prominent
Judge of the Superior Court of New York, and died
at Albany, February 11, 1844. He was the author of
" Civil Jurisdiction of Justices of the Peace of New
York," 1844 ; "New York Reports," 1824 to 1830;
"Digested Index of Reports," 1831; and edited.
" Phillipps on Evidence," 1850.
Coivles, Edward P, — He was born in Canaan, .
Litchfield County, Connecticut, in January, 1815 ; :
graduated at Yale College in 1836 ; studied law, and.
came to the bar in 1839 ; settled in the City of New-
York in 1853 ; was soon appointed Judge of the Su-
preme Court, and re-appointed after one full term ; :
and subsequently resumed the practice of his profes-
sion. He went to California for his health, and onj
his return died at Chicago, Illinois, in December,,
1874.
Cowles, George W, — He was elected a Repre--
sentative from New Yoi'k to the Forty-first Congress,..
serving on the Committees on the District of Colum-
bia and the Navy Department,
Cowles, Henry 3, — Born at Hartford, Connec-
ticut, March 18, 1798. When eleven years old he
removed to Dutchess County, New York, with his--
father, and graduated at Union College in 1816. He-
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1819 ; in-
1826, 1827, and 1828, he served as a member of the- ^
New York Legislature from Putnam County,, and ; '
during his first term was Chairman of the Select-
Committee raised to investigate the " Astor Claim ; "
and he was a Representative in Congress from New
98
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
York from 1829 to 1831. In 1834 lie took up liis res-
idence in the City of New York, where he continued
in the practice of his profession.
Cox, Christopher C. — He was born in Balti-
more, Maryland, August 16, 1816 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1835 ; received a master's degree in 1838 ;
was made a Doctor of Laws by Trinity College in 1867 ;
was appointed Commissioner of Pensions in 1868 ; a
member of the Board of Health in 1871, acting as
President of the Board for several years. His special
line of study was medicine, and he practiced both as
a physician and a surgeon ; was for one year a Pro-
fessor in one of the Philadelphia colleges ; served as
President of a Medical Society ; as a Surgeon in the
army during the Rebellion ; was Surgeon- General of
the State of Maryland ; and before the close of the
war he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Maryland.
Has been a frequent writer for the press.
CoXf Jacob Dolsoti, — He was born of Ameri-
can parenLs in Montreal, Canada, October 27, 1828 ;
spent his boyhood in the City of New York, and re-
moved to Ohio in 1846 ; was educated at Oberlin Col-
lege, where he graduated in 1851 ; he studied law, and
came to the bar in 1853 ; was elected to the State
Senate in 1859 ; during the earlier stage of the Rebel-
lion, while holding a State commission, he took an
active and important part in raising troops for the
war, and was in May, 1861, appointed a Brigadier-
General of the Ohio Volunteers ; as such, he was in
the battles of Gauley Bridge, South Mountain, and
Antietam, where he acquitted himself with distinc-
tion, and for which services he was promoted to the
rank of Major-General. He subsequently joined Gen-
eral Sherman with the Army of the Ohio, and had
command of an important Division, and won fresh
honors in the campaign against Atlanta, and in the
campaign of Franklin and Nashville. After the war,
he resigned his commission in the army, and entered
upon the practice of law in Cincinnati ; was chosen
Governor of Ohio for the years 1866 and 1867; de-
clined the office of Commissioner of Internal Revenue,
tendered to him by President Johnson in 1868 ; and on
March 5, 1869, he was appointed Secretary of the In-
terior Department, but only remained in office about
one year.
CoXf fjames, — He was a native of Monmouth
County, New Jersey, having been born in 1753 ; sev-
eral years a member of the State Legislature, and
Speaker of the Assembly ; commanded a company of
Militia in the Revolution, having been engaged in the
battles of Germantown and Monmouth ; was subse-
quently a Brigadier-General of Militia ; and was a
Representative in Congress from New Jersey during
-the years 1809 and 1810. Died September 12, 1810.
Cox, Leander M» — He was born in Virginia,
and removing to Kentucky, was elected a Represent-
ative from that State to the Thirty -third and Thirty-
fourth Congresses. He served as a Captain in the
Mexican War ; was Grand Master of the Order of
Freemasons in 1843 ; and a Presidential Elector in
1853.
''Cox, Samuel S, — He was born in Zanesville,
'Ohio, September 30, 1824 ; graduated at Brown Uni-
versity, 1846 ; adopted the profession of law. and was
■also an editor in Ohio of the Columbus Statesman ; he
•was appointed Secretary of Legation to Peru in 1855 ;
and elected a Representative from Ohio to the Tliirty-
;«fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as Chair-
man of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. As
'■an author, he published a book of foreign travel,
-called " The Buckeye Abroad," and on literary topics
is an oocasional lecturer. He was elected to the
.Thia-tj- seventh Congress, serving on the Committee
on Foreign Affairs, and was re-elected to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving on the same Committee. He
was also a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, to
serve until December, 1865, and a Delegate to the
" Chicago Convention " in 1864. On his retirement
from Congress he settled in the City of New Y^ork,
and in 1865, published a political work entitleiL
" Eight Years in Congress." He was a Delegate also
to the Philadelphia '* National Union Convention " of
1866, and the New York Convention of 1868.
From New York he was returned to the Forty -first
Congress, and re-elected to the three subsequent Con-
gresses, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs,
Banking, the Centennial, and Rules. At the opening
of the first session of the Forty- fourth Congress, he
was one of the three Candidates for the Speakership,
but M. C. Kerr was the successful competitor. In 1869
he visited Europe for his health, and published a suc-
cessful work, entitled "A Search for Winter Sun-
beams." In December, 1875, he was appointed Chair-
man of the Committee on Banking and Currency.
Coxe, Tench, — Born in Philadelphia, May 22,
1755 ; became a partner in business with his father in
1776 ; was a Commissioner to the Federal Convention
at Annapolis, in 1786 ; was a Delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress in 1788 ; Assistant Secretary of the
Treasury in 1790 ; Commissioner of the Revenue in
1792 ; and Purveyor of the Public Supplies from 1803
to 1812 ; his sympathies were on the side of England
during the Revolution. He published several valu-
able works on the Commerce and Manufactures of the
United States. Died in Philadelphia, July 17, 1824.
CoxCf JVilllani, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New Jersey, from 1813 to 1815 ; served
in the State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker of
the Assembly ; and died in Burlington.
CozzenSf William C, — He was elected Lieuten-
ant-Governor of Rhode Island in 1862, but soon after-
wards acted as Governor, remaining in that capacity
until 1863.
Crabbf George W» — He was born in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from Alabama,
from 1839 to 1841.
Crabbf tTeremiah, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Maryland, from 1795 to 1796.
Cradlebaughf John, — He was born in Ohio ;
elected a Delegate from the Territory of Nevada to
the Thirty-seventh Congress ; and subsequently ap-
pointed United States Judge for the Territory of Utah.
Crafts, Samuel C, — He was born in Windham
County, Connecticut ; and graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1790. His father effected the settlement
of Craftsbury, Vermont, and upon the organization
of the town in 1792, Mr. Samuel C. Crafts was chosen
Town Clerk, and held the office for thirty-seven suc-
cessive years. He was the youngest Delegate to the
Convention for revising the State Constitution in
1793. In 1796, 1800, 1801, 1803, and 1805, he was
elected a member of the House of Representatives of
the State. From 1796 to 1815 he was Register of
Probate for Orleans District. In 1798 and 1799 he
was Clerk of the House of Representatives. From
1809 to 1812, and from 1825 to 1827, he was a member
of the Executive Council. In 1800 he was appointed
a Judge of Orleans County Court, and remained such
till 1816, during the last six years as Chief Judge.
From 1825 to 1828 he was again Chief Judge, and
from 1836 to 1838 Clerk of the Court. In 1816
he was elected Representative in Congress, and
served for that and the three succeeding terms —
that is, from 1817 to 1825, inclusive. In 1828 he was
J
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
99
elected Governor of Vermont, and was re-elected in
1829 and 1830. In 1829 he was President of the Con-
stitutional Convention, In 1842 he was appointed by
Governor Paine, and afterwards elected by the Legis-
lature, a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term
of one year. He thus filled every office in the gift of
Vermont. He died in Craftsbury, Vermont, Novem-
ber 19, 1853, aged eighty-four years.
Cragin, Aaron H, — Born in Weston, Vermont,
February 3, 1821 ; adverse circumstances prevented
him from obtaining a collegiate education ; but hav-
ing studied law came to the bar in Albany, New
York, in 1847, and the same year removed to Leba-
non, New Hampshire, and practiced his profesf^ion.
He was a member of the New Hampshire Legislature
from 1852 to 1855 ; was elected a Representative from
that State to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Print-
ing. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving on the same Committees. In 1859 he was
again elected a member of the State Legislature ; and
in 1860 was a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention "
which nominated Abraham Lincoln. In 1864 he was
elected a Senator in Congress from New Hampshire,
for the term of six years from 1865, serving on the
Committees on Naval Aifairs, Territories, the Pacific
Railroad, and Engrossed Bills ; and was also a Dele-
gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of
1866. He was subsequently made Chairman of the
Committee on Contingent Expenses of the Senate.
Re-elected for the term ending in 1877, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs.
Craif/f Hector, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1823 to 1825, and
again from 1829 to 1830.
Craig, James, — Born in Pennsylvania about
1820 ; a lawyer by profession ; and was a member of
the Missouri Legislature in 1847 ; was a Captain of
a Volunteer Company in the Mexican War ; Circuit
Attorney for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit in Missouri
from 1852 to 1856 ; and was a Representative in the
Thirty-fifth Congress from Missouri, serving on the
Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. He was
also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving
on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads ;
was appointed a Brigadier-General of Volunteers in
1862, and employed in the West.
_ Craig f John D, — He was born in Ireland, but
his father was an American ; and in 1827 he was ap-
pointed Superintendent or Commissioner of the Pa-
tent Ofiice, remaining in the office only about one
year.
Craig, Mobert,—Re was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1829 to 1833, and again from 1835 to 1841.
Craige, Burton, — Born in Rowan County,
North Carolina, March 13, 1811 ; graduated at Chapel
Hill in 1829 ; is a lawyer by profession ; was a mem-
ber of the State Legislature in 1832 and 1834 ; and
was elected to the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and
Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the
Judiciary Committee ; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary
Pensions. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861
as a member of the Confederate Congress. Died at
Concord, North Carolina, December 30, 1875.
Craikf TFilliam, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland from 1796 to 1801.
Cramer f John, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1833 to 1837 ; having
been a Presidential Elector in 1805 ; elected to the
State Constitutional Convention in 1821, and having
served three years in the Assembly and three years
in the Senate of the State of New York. Died in
Waterford, New York, June 1, 1870, aged ninety-two
years.
Cramer, M, J, — He was a citizen of Kentucky,
and in 1870 he was appointed Minister Resident to
Denmark, and was in office in 1875.
Cranch, William, — Born at Weymouth, Mas-
sachusetts, July 17, 1769 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1787, in the class with his first cousin,
J. Q. Adams ; studied law, was admitted to the
bar in July, 1790 ; practiced in Braintree and in
Haverhill, but removed to Washington in 1794. In
1801 he was appointed by President Adams (his
brother-in-law), on the last night of his administra-
tion. Junior Assistant Judge of the Circuit Court of
the District of Columbia, of which he was Chief
Justice from 1805 to 1855. In these fifty-five years,
but two of his decisions were overruled. He pub-,
lislied nine volumes of " Reports of United States
Supreme Court," and six volumes of " Reports of
Circuit Court of District of Columbia," from 1801
to 1841 ; he also prepared a code of laws for the
District, published a memoir of John Adams, 8vo,
in 1827. He was a member of the Academy of
Arts and Sciences. Died in Washington, District
of Columbia, September 1, 1855. He was the father
of John, an artist ; Christopher, a poet ; Edward, a
lawyer; William G., an examiner of patents; and
he had two daughters, who married Rufus Dawes,
the poet, and Erastus Brooks, the journalist.
Crane, Joseph H, — Born in Elizabethtown,
ISlew Jersey ; studied law ; was for many years Presi-
dent Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; and was
a Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1829
to 1837 ; and died at Dayton, Ohio, November 12,
1852, aged seventy years.
Crane, Stephen, — He was a Delegate from New
Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776.
Cranston, Henry Y, — Born in Newport, Rhode
Island, October 9, 1789 ; received a limited education ;
worked at a trade for five years from the age of twelve,
then commenced the business of commission merchant;
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in three
years. In 1818 he was elected Clerk of the Court of
Common Pleas, and held the office until 1833; he
was for twenty-five years annually elected Moderator
for the town of Newport ; was a member of the
several Conventions for framing and remodeling the
State Constitution, and was Vice-President of the
Convention in 1842. From 1827 to 1843 he was a
member of the lower branch of the Legislature, and
was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1847,
when he was returned to the Legislature, and was
several times Speaker of that body, until 1854, after
which time he lived in retirement. Died at New-
port, February 12, 1864.
Cranston, Hobert IB, — He was born in Rhode
Island, and was a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1837 to 1843. and again from 1847 to
1849. In 1864 he was a Presidential Elector. Died
at Newport, January 27, 1873, aged eighty-two years.
Crapo, Henry H, — He was born in Dartmouth,
Massachusetts, May 24, 1804 ; resided for many years
in New Bedford, from which place he removed to
Michigan in 1857 ; became extensively engaged _ in
the manufacture and sale of lumber ; was for a time
Mayor of Flint, where he resided ; served in the
State Senate ; and was twice elected Governor of the
100
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
State — in 1864 and 1866 — performing important ser-
vices during the progress of the Rebellion, all of
which the reader will find fully set forth in that por-
tion of this volume devoted to the part which Michi-
gan took in the war for the Union. Died in Flint,
July 23, 1869.
CrapOf William W, — Born at Dartmouth,
Massachusetts, May 16, 1830; educated at the public
schools of New Bedford, at Phillips Academy, Ando-
ver, and at Yale College, where he graduated in 1852 ;
studied law, and practiced the profession in New-
Bedford ; was a member of the Massachusetts Legis-
lature in 1857, and in 1875 he was elected a Repre-
sentative to the Forty-fourth Congress, in the place
of James Buffinton, who died before taking his seat
in that Congress, to which he had been elected.
Orary, Isaac E, — He was born in Preston, New
London County, Connecticut ; received a good Eng-
lish education ; adoi:)ted the profession of law, and
removed to the Territory of Michigan ; was there ap-
pointed a General of Militia ; was elected a Delegate
to Congress from the Territory in 1835 and 1836 ; and
was a Representative in Congress, from that State,
from the time of its admission into the Union in 1836
to 1841. He died in Marshall, Michigan, May 8, 1854.
CravenSf tTames A, — Born in Rockingham
County, Virginia, November 4, 1818 ; removed with
his father to Indiana in 1820 ; spent his boyhood in
Washington County, where he received a common-
school education, and devoted much of his life to
agricultural pursuits, and especially to the raising of
the best breeds of cattle. In 1841 he was a Presi-
dential Elector. He served as a Major in the Mexi-
can War under General Taylor, and was present at
the battle of Buena Vista. In 1848 and 1849 he was
elected to the Legislature of Indiana ; in 1850 elected
to the State Senate, serving three years ; in 1854 he
was commissioned a Brigadier-General of Militia ;
frequently presided over the Board of School Trus-
tees for his township; was Vice President and Presi-
dent of the Washington and Orange Counties Agri-
cultural Societies ; in 1859 he was appointed by the
Legislature of Indiana to the important position of
Agent for the State, which he resigned, and in 1860
he was elected a Representative from Indiana to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee
on Territories. He was re-elected to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, and was a member of the Com-
mittee on Territories. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866,
and also to the New York Convention of 1868.
Cr averts f tTames H, — He was born in Rocking-
ham County, Virginia, in 1798 ; in early life re-
moved to Indiana, and settled in Ripley County ; held
a number of important local offices in the State ; and
was a Representative in Congress from Indiana, from
1841 to 1843. He was subsequently a candidate of the
Free-soil party for the office of Governor, but was
unsuccessful ; and he served as Colonel of an Indiana
regiment during the war for the suppression of the
Rebellion.
Crawford, George TF.— Born in Columbia
County, Georgia, December 22, 1798. He graduated at
Princeton in 1820 ; studied law, and commenced the
practice at Augusta in 1822, In 1827 he was elected At-
torney-General, and continued in that office until 1831 ;
he was in the State Legislature from 1837 to 1842 ; and
in 1843 was elected to Congress to fill a vacancy.
He was elected Governor of the State in 1843, and re-
elected in 1845. He was a member of President Tay-
lor's Cabinet as Secretary of War, and subsequently
visited Europe, after which time he lived in retire-
ment in Georgia.
Crawford, Joel, — Born in Columbia County,
Georgia, June 15, 1783. He was educated by private
tutors ; became a student of law, and was admitted
to practice in 1808. In 1813 he joined the army of
General Floyd, and served through the whole cam-
paign as Aid-decamp to the General. After the war
he resumed the practice of his profession ; served
three years in the State Legislature, and was a
Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1817
to 1821. Died April 5, 1858.
Crawford, Martin J, — He was born in Jas-
per County, Georgia, March 17, 1820 ; was educated
at the Mercer University ; is a lawyer by profession,
and was a member of the Georgia Legislature from
1845 to 1847. hi 1853 he was appointed Judge of the
Superior Court for the Chattahoochee Circuit, and was
elected* a member of the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-
fifth Congresses, serving in the last on the Commit-
tees on Ways and Means and Roads and Canals. He
was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, still
serving on the Committee on Ways and Means.
Withdrew in 1861, and joined the great Rebellion of
that year as a member of the Rebel Congress, and was
a Commissioner to Washington.
Crawford, S, *T, — He was Governor of Kansas
from 1864 to 1869.
Craivford, Tliomas, — Born in New York City,
March 22, 1814 ; early manifested a taste for art, in
which he was encouraged by his father, and instruct-
ed in drawing, carving, and modeling in clay. In
1834 he went to Italy, and was under' the care of
Thorwaldsen ; after a few years he established his
studio in Rome ; among the noblest of his works are
his statue in bronze of Beethoven, at Boston ; his
Washington, erected at the Capitol in Richmond ; and
a bust of Josiah Quincy, placed in Harvard Univer-
sity ; in 1839 he designed his "Orpheus," which, with
his" Hebe and Ganymede," is in the Athenaeum at
Boston ; " Sappho " and " Vesta," and many religious
subjects were executed with great taste. He visited
America in 1844, 1849, and 1856. He received from
Congress a commission to furnish marble and bronze
statuary for the new Capitol at Washington, which
resulted in the design of the colossal statue on the
pinnacle, "The Genius of America," furnished by
Mills, in bronze, and now known as the statue of
Freedom or Liberty. He was also commissioned to
design a bronze door for the Senate. He suffered
from a malignant tumor of the eye which nearly de-
prived him of sight, and caused him to renounce his
art with many works unfinished. He finished sixty
works, many of them colossal, and left about fifty
sketches in plaster, and other designs. He died in
London, England, October 10, 1857.
Crawford, Thomas Hartley, — Born at Cham-
bersburg, Pennsylvania, November 14, 1786. He grad-
uated at Princeton College in 1804 ; studied law for
three years, and was admitted to the bar in 1807 ; and
was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylva-
nia from 1829 to 1833. During the last year named,
he was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1836 he
was appointed a Commissioner to investigate certain
alleged frauds in the purchase of the reservation of
land of the Creek Indians ; in 1838 he was appointed
by President Van Buren Commissioner of Indian
Affairs, and took up his residence in Washington,
holding that office for seven years ; and in 1845 he
was appointed by President Polk Judge of the
Criminal Court of the District of Columbia, which
arduous position he occupied until hisd eath, which
took place in Washington, January 27, 1863.
Crawford, William, — He was born in Edin-
burgh, Scotland, in 1760 ; after studying medicine.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
101
emigrated to the United States and settled in Marsh
Creek, Adams County, Pennsylvania, where he was the
pioneer physician ; became interested in politics and
was a Representative in Congress from 1809 to 1817 ;
was tendered the appointment of Postmaster of Bal-
timore by President Madison, but declined it ; and he
died on his farm in 1823.
Crawford, William. — Born in Virginia ; re-
moved to Alabama in 1810 ; held a number of Feder-
al and State offices ; was Receiver of Moneys for
Public Lands ; a Commissioner to settle certain
claims under a treaty with England, France, and
Spain ; was elected to the State Senate ; United States
District Attorney for Alabama ; and was Judge of
the United States District Court for Alabama, Died
at Mobile, April 28, 1849.
Crawford, William H, — Born in Amherst
County, Virginia, February 24, 1772, and with his
father settled in Georgia in 1783. He received an
academical education, and subsequently had the man-
agement of Richmond Academy. He studied law and
took a high position as a lawyer, and in 1 799 was ap-
pointed to prepare a Digest of the Laws of Georgia.
A conspiracy having been organized to drive him from
the bar, he was challenged by a man named Van
Allen, whom he killed at the first fire. He served
four years in the State Legislature, and was a Sena-
tor in Congress from Georgia from 1807 to 1813, and
during a part of the Twelfth Congress officiated as
President pro tern, of the Senate. President Madison
invited him into his Cabinet as Secretary of War, but
he declined the honor, accepting, instead, the post of
Minister to France, in 1813 ; on his return, however,
at the end of two years, he went into the War De-
partment, In 1817 he was appointed by President
Monroe Secretary of the Treasury, where he served
with marked ability until 1825, during which year he
received a flattering vote for President of the United
States. In 1827 he was appointed Judge of the
Northern Circuit of Georgia, which office he held un-
til his death, which occurred in Albert County, Geor-
gia, September 15, 1834,
Creamer, Thomas J, — He was born in Ire-
land, May 26, 1843 ; educated in the common schools
of New York ; engaged in mercantile business ; was
elected to the State Legislature in 1864, 1865, and
1866 ; to the State Senate in 1867 and 1869 ; was ap-
pointed Tax Commissioner for New York City in
1869, serving until 1873 ; was President of the Young
Democrats' General Committee in 1870 ; Delegate to
the Baltimore National Convention in 1872 ; and
elected to the Fortj-third Congress, serving on the
Committee on the Pacific Railroad.
Crehs, JoJin M".— Born in Middleburg, Loudon
County, Virginia, April 7, 1830 ; went with his pa-
rents to Illinois in 1837 ; received a common-school
education, and during his minority worked upon a
farm ; at the age of twenty-one he commenced the
study of law, and settled in White County, Illinois,
where he practiced the prof ession ; in 1862, he entered
the Volunteer Army as a Lieutenant-Colonel ; par-
ticipated in all the Mississippi movements until the
capture of Vicksburg, and was also in the Arkansas
campaign, commaAding a brigade of cavalry in the
Department of the Gulf ; and after the war he re-
turned to his profession. In 1868, he was elected a
Representative from Illinois to the Forty-first Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture, and
was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving
on the Committee on the District of Columbia.
Creely, tTohn V, — He was born in Philadelphia,
November 14, 1839 ; received a classical education ;
studied law ; served through the late Rebellion in the
army as an officer of light artillery ; was a member
of the Councils of Philadelphia for four years ; and
was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on
the Committee on Indian Aftairs.
Creightofi, William, — Born in Berkeley
County, Virginia, October 29, 1778 ; graduated at
Dickinson College when quite young ; studied law
and was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty ;
and in 1798 he settled in Chillicothe, Ohio, devoting
himself to his profession, and holding many positions
of public trust. He was the first Secretary of State
for Ohio ; and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1813 to 1817, and again from
1827 to 1833. Died at Chillicothe, October 8, 1851,
having for many years previously declined all public
office.
Creighton, William, tTr, — He was a citizen
of Ohio ; liberally educated, and a lawyer by profes-
sion ; and he was appointed United States Judge for
the District of Ohio.
Creswell, John A, J".— Was born in Port De-
posit, Cecil County, Maryland, November 18, 1828 ;
graduated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, in
1848 ; studied law and came to the bar of Maryland
in 1850. He was a member of the Marvland House
of Delegates in 1861 and 1862. From August, 1862,
to April, 1863, he was an Assistant Adjutant-General
for Maryland, and was elected a Representative from
Maryland to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Commerce and Invalid Pensions.
He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention
of 1864. In March, 1865, he was. chosen a Senator in
Congress for the unexpired term of T. H. Hicks, de-
ceased, serving on the Committees on Agriculture
and Mines and Mining, and as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on the Library. By request of the House of
Representatives, he delivered an Eulogy on his
friend and colleague Henry Winter Davis, on Feb-
ruary 22, 1866. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866, the
"Border States' Convention," held in Baltimore in
1867 ; and the Chicago Convention of 1868. In May,
1868, he was elected Secretary of the United States
Senate, but declined. On March 5, 1869, entered the
Cabinet of President Grant as Postmaster - Gen-
eral.
Crisfield, John W. — Was born in Kent County,
Maryland, November 6, 1808 ; received his educa-
tion at Washington College, Chestertown ; studied
law and was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; settled in
the practice of his profession, in Somerset County ;
was elected to the Maryland Legislature in 1836 ; he
was a Representative in Congress from Maryland,
from 1847 to 1849 ; in 1850 he was a Delegate to the
State Constitutional Convention ; in 1861 he was a
Delegate to the Peace Congress ; and was elected a
Representative from Maryland to the Thirty- seventh
Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands
and on Public Expenditures. He was also a Dele-
gate to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven-
tion " of 1866.
Crist, Henry, — Was born in Virginia in 1764 ;
removed with his father to Pennsylvania during the
Revolutionary War ; in 1788 he became extensively
engaged in the manufacture of salt in Bullitt County,
Kentucky ; the company was attacked by a party of In-
dians, and during the bloody conflict he was wounded
in the foot, and made his escape by crawling night and
day, being four days without food; he was rescued
by a workman from the salt licks, but was disabled
for a year in consequence of his injuries. He was a
member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1795 ; a
State Senator from 1800 to 1804; and a Representa-
102
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
tive from Kentucky in Congress from 1809 to 1811.
He died in Bullitt County in 1844.
Critcher, tTohn. — He was born in Westmore-
land County, Virginia, March 11, 1820 ; graduated at
tlie University of Virginia in 1839 ; studied three
years at the University of France ; adopted the pro-
fession of law ; was elected to the Senate of Virginia
and the State Convention of 1861 ; served during the
war as Lieutenant-Colonel of Cavalry ; was appointed
Judge of the Eighth Judicial Circuit of Virginia ;
and was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving
on the Committee on Coins and Coinage.
Crittenden, tTohn J". — He was horn in Wood-
ford County, Kentucky, in September, 1786. When
quite young he entered the army, and during the
War of 1812 served as Major under General Hopkins,
in his expedition, and was Aid-de-camp to Governor
Shelby, at the battle of the Thames. After adopting
the profession of law, he served a number of years in
the State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker of the
House ; he entered Congress as a member of the
Senate from Kentucky, in 1817, serving then but
two years. From 1819 to 1835 he continued in the
practice of his profession, residing principally at
Frankfort, and again occasionally representing his
county in the State Legislature. In 1835 he was
digain elected to the United States Senate, and con-
tinued to serve in that body until March, 1841, when
he was appointed Attorney-General by President Har-
rison. In September, 1841, he resigned with the
other members of the Cabinet, except Mr. Webster,
and retired to private life, from which, however, he
was soon called by the Legislature to resume his seat
in the United States Senate, in 1842, in the place of
Henry Clay, resigned. He was also elected a Senator
for another term of six years, from March, 1843 ; but,
in 1848, having received the Whig nomination for
Governor of Kentucky, he retired from the Senate,
and was elected to that office, which he held until
his appointment as Attorney-General by President
Fillmore, in July, 1850, He was again elected to the
United States Senate in 1855, for the term ending in
1861, and was, when he retired, the oldest member
of that body. He was elected in 1860 a Representa-
tive from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Congress,
serving, as he had always done in the Senate, on the
more important Committees, and a Compromise meas-
ure which he originated has passed into history bear-
ing his name. Died at Louisville, Kentucky, July
25, 1863. His life was subsequently published in
two volumes by one of his daughters.
Crittenden f Thomas T. — He was bom in Shel-
by County, Kentucky, January 2, 1834 ; graduated at
Centre College in 1855 ; studied law at Frankfort ;
adopted the profession of law ; was appointed At-
torney-General of Missouri in 1864, to fill out an un-
expired term, and was elected to the Forty-third Con-
gress from Missouri, serving on the Committee on
Invalid Pensions.
CrocheroUf Henri/, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1815 to 1817.
Crocheronf tTacoh, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1829 to 1831. In
1837 he was a Presidential Elector.
CrocJceVf Alvah. — Born at Leominster, Massa-
chusetts, October 14, 1801 ; entered a factory at eight
years of age ; received an academic education ; be-
came proprietor of a paper manufactory ; was Presi-
dent of the Boston and Fitchburg Railroad ; a Com-
missioner of the Hoosac Tunnel ; was a member of
the State Legislature in 1836, 1842, and 1843 ; was a
member of the State Senate two terms ; was elected
to the Forty-second Congress, to fill the vacancy oc-
casioned by the resignation of William B. Washburn
in 1872 ; and was re-elected to the Forty-third Con-
gress, serving on several Committees. Died in Fitch-
burg, December 26, 1874. ^
Crocker', Samuel L, — Was born in Taunton,
Massachusetts, March 31, 1804 ; graduated at Brown
University in 1822 ; held various municipal offices ;
and in 1849 was elected a member of the Executive
Council of Massachusetts ; was devoted to the man-
ufacturing business ; and was a Representative from
Massachusetts to the Thirty-third Congress.
Crockett, David, — Born in Greene County, Ten-
nessee, August 17, 1786, of Irish descent, his father
ha\dng fought in the Revolutionary War. He com-
menced the active duties of life when twelve years
old, by turning drover, and, instead of going to
school, he chose the fortunes of an adventurer. He
served under General Jackson, in some of the Indian
wars, as a Colonel, and became, for a time, his fast
friend. He had a natural bias for politics, and his
smartness and eccentricities made him very popular
on the frontiers, and caused him to be elected to the
Legislature of Tennessee. He was fond of the woods,
and had no equal as a bear-hunter. He was elected
to Congress in 1827 from Tennessee, and served until
1831, and then again in 1833, serving until 1835.
While in Washington he was always at his post of
duty, never forgetting the welfare of his constituents,
and he was one of the most popular men in Congress.
The most striking features of his disposition and
mind were, undoubtedly, of a whimsical character ;
but behind these there was much to command respect
and admiration. He told- stories or related his wild
adventures with wonderful effect. He was killed at
the Alamo, Texas, March 1, 1836. In 1835 he pub-
lished a " Tour to the North and Down East," and in
1847 appeared a volume about him, entitled *' Sketch-
es and Eccentricities."
Crockett, tTohn TV, — He was the son of the cel-
ebrated David Crockett, a Representative in Congress
from Tennessee from 1838 to 1843, and died at Mem-
phis, November 24, 1852.
Crooke, T*hilip S. — He was born in Pough-
keejisie. New York, March 2, 1810 ; educated at the
Dutchess Academy, at Poughkeepsie ; studied law,
and came to the bar in 1831 ; located at Flatbush in
1838 ; was elected a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; a
memlaer of the State Legislature in 1863 ; was a Su-
pervisor of Kings County from 1844 to 1870, and
chairman of the Board four years ; served forty years
in the National Guard of the State of New York,
from private to Brigadier-General ; commanded the
Fifth Brigade in Pennsylvania, in 1863 ; and was
elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the
Committee on Education and Labor.
Croshie, Henry M, — He was appointed an As-
sociate Justice of the United States Court for the
Territory of Utah, residing at Salt Lake City, but
the precise date is not known to the compiler.
Crosby, Elisha O, — He was a citizen of New
York, and in 1861 appointed Minister Resident to
Guatemala, where he remained until 1864, when he
returned to the United States.
Crosby, Williatn G, — He was born in Maine,
and was Governor of that State from 1853 to 1855.
Cross, Edivard. — He was born in Tennessee ;
was appointed United States Judge for the Territory
of Arkansas ; and was elected a Representative in
Congress from 1839 to 1845.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
103
Crosslandf Edward, — He was born in Hick-
man County, Kentucky, June 30, 1827 ; studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in 1852 ; was a member
of the State Legislature in 1857 ; elected Judge of
the Court of Common Pleas in the First District, in
1867, for six years, and resigned in 1870 ; and was
elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con-
gresses, serving on the Committees on Agriculture
and Elections.
Crouchf Edtvard. — He was a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 1815.
CvoufisCy Lorenzo, — He was born in Schoharie
County, New York, January 27, 1834 ; received an
academical education ; removed in 1855 to Mont-
gomery County, New York, and there engaged in the
practice of law ; raised a battery of artillery in 1861,
and entered the army as Captain ; was wounded, and
resigned after a year's service ; removed in 1865 to
Nebraska Territory ; was a member of the Territorial
Legislature in 1866, and assisted in framing its pres-
ent State Constitution ; was elected Associate Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court, and entered upon his du-
ties in 1867, when Nebraska was admitted into the
Union ; at the expiration of his term on the bench,
he was elected to the Forty-third Congress, and re-
elected to the Forty-fourth, serving on the Committees
on Territories and the Militia.
Croivell, John, — Born in Halifax County, Ala-
bama ; was chosen Delegate to Congress when the
Territory of Alabama was established in 1817, and
served till 1819, when the State Constitution was
formed, and he was elected first Representative to
Congress, serving till 1821, and was a member of the
Committee on Private Land Claims. Soon afterwards
he was appointed Agent for the Creek Indians, then
inhabiting large portions of Alabama and Georgia,
and exercised extensive influence over them, until
their removal west of the Mississippi, in 1836. He
died near Fort Mitchell, Alabama, June 25, 1846.
Croivellf tfohn, — He was born in Connecticut,
and was a Representative in Congress from Ohio
from 1847 to 1851, and was a member of the Com-
mittee on Indian Affairs.
Croivninshicld, JSenjamin W, — Born in Es-
sex County, Massachusetts, in 1774. He filled with gen-
eral acceptance the office of Secretary of the Navy,
to which he was appointed in December, 1814, by
President Madison, and served until his resignation,
in November, 1818. In 1820 he was also a Presi-
dential Elector. In 1823 he was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from the Salem District of
Massachusetts, and continued in that position until
1831. He died in Boston, February 8, 1851.
Crowninshield, Jacob, — He was a member
of the Massachusetts Legislatvire in 1801, aud was
elected a Representative in Congress from Massa-
chusetts, from 1803 to 1805 ; and appointed Secretary
of the Navy by President Jefferson, March 3, 1805
Died April 14, 1808.
Croxton, John T.— He was a citizen of Ken-
tucky, and appointed Minister Resident to Bolivia in
1872.
Crozier, John H, — He was born in Tennessee,
aud was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, end-
ing in 1849.
Crudupf Josiah. — He was born in Wake
County, North Carolina ; a Representative in Con-
gress from North Carolina from 1821 to 1823, and
was a member of the Committee on Private
Claims.
Crnger^ Daniel, — He was a member of the New
York Assembly a number of years, and a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1819.
Crugerf John, He was Mayor of New York
city in 1764 ; Speaker of the Assembly in 1765 ; a
proposer of the First Provincial Congress which met
in New York in 1775 ; and became a prominent
member of that body, being the writer of its " De-
claration of Rights." He died in New York about
the year 1791, aged eighty-two years.
Crump f George William, — Born in Pow-
hatan County, Virginia ; graduated at Princeton Col-
lege ; studied medicine and practiced the profession ;
was a member of the Legislature ; and was a Repre-
seDtative in Congress from Virginia from 1826 to
1827, in the place of John Randolph, resigned. From
1832 to the time of his death in 1850, he was Chief
Clerk of the Pension Bureau in Washington.
Crtimpf William, — He was a citizen of Vir-
ginia, and from 1844 to 1847 was Charge d'Affaires to
Chili.
Crutchfieldf William, — He was born in Greene-
ville, Tennessee, November 16, 1826 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; settled in McMinn County,
where he remained until 1840 ; removed to Alabama
in 1844, and carried on a farm ; became, in 1850, a
citizen of Chattanooga, Tennessee ; held several local
offices ; and was elected to the Forty-third Congress,
serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pen-
sions and Patents.
Culbrethf Thomas, — Born in Kent County,
Delaware, and was a Representative in Congress
from Maryland from 1817 to 1821.
Cullen, Elisha D, — He was born in Delaware,
and elected a Representative from that State to the
Thirty-fourth Congress.
Ciillom, Alvan, — He was a native of Kentucky ;
adopted the law as his profession ; served frequently
in the Legislature of Tennessee, and was a Represent-
ative in Congress from Tennessee from 1845 to 1847.
He was a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861.
Oullom, Shelby M. — He was born in Kentucky,
November 22, 1829 ; adopted the profession of law ;
on removing to Illinois he was elected to the State
Legislature in 1856 ; re-elected in 1860, and chosen
Speaker ; was a member of the War Commission
which sat in Cairo in 1862 ; and in 1864 he was elected
a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Foreign
Affairs and Expenditures in the Treasury Depart-
ment. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving
on the Committee on Territories. Re-elected to the
Forty-first Congress, and made Chairman of Territories
and Ninth Census. Was a member of the Chicago
Convention of 1868.
Cullom, William,— ^e was a Representative in
Congress from Tennessee from 1851 to 1855, and
Clerk of the House of Representatives during the
Thirty-fourth Congress.
Culpepper, John,— Re was born in Anson
County, North Carolina, and represented that State
in Congress from 1807 to 1808, when his seat was
vacated by Resolution of the House ; but he was re-
elected and served from 1813 to 1817, from 1819 to
1821, and from 1823 to 1825. He was a Baptist preach-
104
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
er, and elected to the General Assembly ; but his
seat was vacated on Constitutional grounds.
Culver^ Charles Vernon, — He was born in
Logan, Ohio, September 6, 1830 ; spent the most of
his life actively engaged in business pursuits, and
was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to
the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees
on Banking and Currency and Expenditures in the
Treasury Department. Having been unfortunate in
business he was prosecuted in 1866 for alleged illegal
practices, but after a prolonged trial was duly acquit-
ted of the charges brought against him.
CulveVf Erastus D, — He was born in New
York ; graduated at the University of Vermont in
1826 ; served in the Assembly of New York in 1838
and 1841 ; and was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1845 to 1847.
Culver f JS, D. — He was a citizen of New York,
and in 1862 appointed Minister Resident to Venezue-
la, where he remained until 1866, when he returned
to the United States.
Culberson f David S, — Born in Troupe County,
Georgia, September 29, 1830 ; educated at La Grange ;
studied law, and went to the bar in his twenty-first
year ; removed to Texas, and was elected to the
Legislature in 1859 ; entered the Confederate Army
in 1862 as a private, and rose to be an Adjutant-Gene-
ral, with the rank of Colonel ; in 1804 he was elected
to the Legislature of Texas ; subsequently to the
State Senate ; and in 1874 he was elected a Repre-
sentative from Texas to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Cumhachf Will, — He was born in Franklin
County, Indiana, March 24, 1829 ; was educated at
the Miami University, Ohio ; taught school for one or
two years ; attended the Law School at Cincinnati,
and adopted the legal profession ; and he was elected
a Representative from Indiana in the Thirty-fourth
Congress. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1861,
and during that year was appointed an additional
Paymaster in the army.
Cummingf Thomas W, — He was bom in
Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1853 to 1855.
Cumming, William, — He was a Delegate from
North Carolina to the Continental Congress in 1784.
Cummings, Alexander, — He was born in
Pennsylvania, and was appointed in 1865 Governor of
the Territory of Colorado, residing in Denver City, and
remaining in office two years.
Cummins, John, — He was born in Indiana, and
an early emigrant to Idaho, where he was appointed
an Associate Justice of the United States Court for
that Territory, residing at Boise City.
Cummins, John D, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative from Ohio during the
Thirtieth Congress. He died of cholera at Milwau-
kee, Wisconsin, September 11, 1848.
Cunningham f Francis A, — He was born in
South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress
from Ohio from 1845 to 1847.
Curry, George X.— He was bom in Pennsyl-
vania ; removed to Oregon, and was appointed Gov-
ernor of that Territory in 1854, and remained in office
until 1859.
Curry, Jahez L, iMT.— Bom in Lincoln County,
Georgia, June 5, 1825, and removed with his father in
1838 to Talladega County, Alabama, where he has
since resided ; he graduated at the University of
Georgia in 1843, and at the Dane Law School, Har-
vard University, in 1845, and practiced law with suc-
cess in Alabama. In 1846 he joined the Texas Rangers
for the Mexican War, but soon returned on account of
ill health. He was a member of the lower branch of
the Legislature of Alabama in 1847, 1853, and 1855 ;
a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; and in 1857 was elected
a Representative in Congress from Alabama, serving
on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims and Ex-
penditures in the State Department. Re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Naval Affairs. Withdrew in 1861, and took part in
the Rebellion of that year as a member of the Rebel
Congress. After the close of the Rebellion he was
ordained a Preacher of the Gospel in the Baptist
Church. In 1865 he was appointed President of How-
ard College, in Alabama ; and in 1868 a Professor in a
Richmond College,
Curtin, Andrew Gregg, — Born in Belief on te,
Pennsylvania, Apiil 28, 1817 ; admitted to the bar in
1839, and practiced at Bellefontaine. From 1855 to
1858 he was Seci etary of State, and Superintendent
of Common Schools for Pennsylvania. In 1860 was
elected Governor. During the civil war, in 1861, he
was zealous in organizing troops, and in May, 1861,
in a message to the Legislature, advised the estab-
lishment of a reserve corps, which rendered important
service to the country. He was re-elected Governor in
1863, and was active in the election of General Grant
to the Presidency, by whom he was appointed Minis-
ter to Russia in April, 1869.
CurtiSf Senjainin Bobbins, — He was bom
in Watertown, Massachusetts, November 4, 1809 ;
graduated at Harvard University in 1829 ; studied
law, and came to the bar in 1832 ; was closely de-
voted to his profession ; settled in Boston in 1834 ;
served two years in the State Legislature ; and
in 1851 he was appointed by President Fillmore
a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States, which he resigned in 1857. In March, 1868,
he acted ars one of the Counsel for President Andrew
Johnson, before the High Court of Impeachment.
Subsequently practiced law in Boston. Author and
compiler of about twenty-five volumes of legal
Reports and decisions. Died at Newport, Rhode
Island, September 15, 1874. Was made LL.D. by
Harvard University.
Curtis, Carlton JB, — He was born in Madison
County, New York, December 17, 1811 ; received an
academic education ; studied law, and practiced his
profession ; was elected to the Legislature in 1836,
1837, and 1838 ; was elected to the Thirty-second and
Thirty-third Congresses ; served in the war of the
Rebellion as Colonel of a Pennsylvania regiment ; and
was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on
the Committees on Territories and the War Depart-
ment.
Curtis, Edward, — Bom in Vermont ; graduated
at Union College, New York, and practiced law in
New York city. He took a prominent part in the
councils of that city, and was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1837 to 1841. He was
appointed Collector of New York by President Har-
rison, and removed by President Polk. He was an
intimate friend of Daniel Webster.
Curtis, Samuel It, — Born in Ohio (while his
parents were emigrating to the West from Con-
necticut), February 3, 1807. He graduated at the
West Point Academy in 1831, and was appointed a
Lieutenant in the United States Infantry, but resigned
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
1C5
in 1832. He studied and pursued tlie profession of
law in Ohio ; was subsequently an engineer in Ohio
and Iowa ; from 1837 to 1840 Chief Engineer of the
Muskingum Works ; during the Mexican War he
served as an Adjutant-General in mustering the State
troops ; he went to Mexico as a Colonel under Gen-
eral Taylor, and acted for a time as Governor of
Matamoras, Camargo, Monterey, and Saltillo, per-
forming much important service ; on his return from
Mexico he practiced law for a time, but was called to
Iowa and Missouri to perform important labors as an
engineer, in improvements of harbors and the build-
ing of railroads ; and having finally settled at
Keokuk, in Iowa, he was elected from that State a
member of the House in the Thirty-fifth Congress.
He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Military Affairs, and also
on the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the
Rebellious States. He was also a Delegate to the
Peace Congress in 1861. Re-elected to the Thirty-
seventh Congress, but resigned in 1861, to serve as a
Brigadier and Major-General in the Union army dur-
ing the Rebellion. He was subsequently appointed a
Commissioner to inspect the Union Pacific Railroad.
Died at Council Bluffs, Iowa, December 25, 1866.
dishing f Caleb, — Was born in Salisbury, Essex
County, Massachusetts, January 17, 1800. He gradu-
ated at Harvard College in 1817, and was subsequently
a tutor there of Mathematics and Natural Philoso-
phy ; studied law at Cambridge, and settled in New-
buryport to practice, having come to the bar in 1822.
In 1825 and 1826 he served in the State Legislature,
and in 1829 visited Europe for pleasure, publishing on
Ms return, " Reminiscences of Spain," and "Review
of the Revolution in France." He also wrote for the
North American Remew. In 1833 and 1834 he was
again elected to the Legislature ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from 1835 to 1843. He was ap-
pointed by President Tyler Commissioner and Envoy
to China, and as such negotiated an important treaty.
In 1846 he was again elected to the Legislature. In
1847 he was chosen Colonel of the Massachusetts
Regiment of Volunteers for the Mexican War, and
was afterwards appointed a Brigadier-General by
President Polk. In 1850 he was for the fifth
time elected to the Legislature, and in 1851 was
made a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State.
When President Pierce came into power, he in-
vited General Cushing into his Cabinet as Attorney-
General ; and on his return home he was again re-
elected to the Legislature of his native State. In
office or out of it, he has the reputation of being a
hard student, and his success as a lawyer is unques-
tioned. In 1860 he was elected President of the
Charleston Convention to nominate a President. In
July, 1866, he was appointed by President Johnson
one of three to revise and codify the laws of the
United States, under a law of Congress, but resigned
in 1868. In 1874 he was appointed Minister Plenipo-
tentiary to Spain. In 1873 he was nominated for
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States, but withdrawn.
dishing f Cowrtland, — He was a citizen of
Indiana, and in 1850 he was appointed Minister Resi-
dent to Ecuador, where he remained until 1853.
Cushing f Thomas, — Born in Boston, March 24,
1725 ; many years a Representative from that city ;
was a member of the Provincial and Continental Con-
gresses ; was soon afterwards elected to the Council ;
made Commissary-General in 1775 ; Judge of the
Common Pleas and of the Probate Courts in 1777 ;
was Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts in 1779,
and also acting Governor ; declined a re-election to
the Continental Congress in the same year. In Eng-
land he was considered a leader of the American
Whigs : was on intimate terms with Hancock and
Franklin ; he was a Commissioner of the Society in
London for Propagating the Gospel ; and was one of
the founders of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences. He had graduated at Harvard University
in 1744, and received the degree of Doctor of Laws
from the same in 1785. Died February 28, 1788.
dishing, Willia^n, — He was born in 1733 ;
graduated at Harvard College in 1751 ; in 1772 he be-
came Judge of the Superior Court of Massachusetts ;
in 1777 promoted to Chief Judge ; and in 1789 he
was appointed by President Washington a Justice
of the Supreme Court of the United States, in which
position he continued until his death in 1810. In
1796 he was tendered the position of Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court, but declined the promotion. He
received from Harvard College the degree of LL.D.
CiisJimanf John F, — He was a citizen of Mis-
sissippi, and in 1859 he was appointed Minister Resi-
dent to the Argentine Confederation, remaining there
until 1861, when he returned to the United States.
Ctishman, John Paine, — He was born in
Pomfret, Connecticut, in 1784, and graduated at Yale
College, in 1807. He studied law and removed to
Troy, New York, where he practiced his profession.
He served in Congress from New York from 1817 to
1819, and in 1838 was appointed Judge of the Circuit
Court, having previously been Recorder of the city
of Troy, and one of the Regents of the State Univer-
sity. Died in Troy, New York, September 16, 1848.
He was a man of eminence in his profession, and dis-
charged with ability the various offices with which
he was intrusted.
Cushman, Joshua, — He was born in Plym-
outh, Massachusetts ; graduated at Cambridge in
1787 ; studied divinity ; was a Representative in Con-
gress from Massachusetts from 1819 to 1821 ; and
represented Maine in Congress from 1821 to 1825,
after its separation from Massachusetts. He was
also a State Senator in 1809, 1810, 1819, and 1820, and
a member of the Assembly in 1811 and 1834, when
he died.
Cushmanf Sannuel, — Born in 1783 ; was Judge
of the Police Court of Portsmouth, New Hampshire,
and held several offices of trust in the State ; such as
Councilor, from 1833 to 1835 ; County Treasurer,
from 1823 to 1828 ; and Navy Agent at Portsmouth,
from 1845 to 1849. He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New Hampshire from 1835 to 1839 ; and
died in Portsmouth, May 20, 1851.
ClitJihertf Alfred. — Born in Savannah, Georgia ;
he graduated at Princeton College in 1803 ; and was
a Representative in Congress from Georgia from
1814 to 1817 ; again, from 1821 to 1827 ; and a Sena-
tor of the United States from 1837 to 1843. Died in
1856.
Cuthhertf John A, — He was born in Savannah,
Georgia, in 1778 ; graduated at Princeton College in
1805 ; and was a Representative in Congress from his
native State from 1819 to 1821, and was appointed by
the President, in 1822, a Commissioner to treat with
the Creek and Cherokee Indians. He participated in
the great debate on the Missouri Compromise in 1820,
and as late as 1875 he was practicing the profession
of law in Mobile, Alabama.
Cutler, Augustus TF.— Born in Morristown,
New Jersey, in 1829 ; adopted the profession of law ;
was a prosecutor for Morris County ; took an interest
in educational matters, and became President of a
local Board of Education ; in 1871 he was elected to
106
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS
the State Senate ; and in 1874 a Representative from
New Jersey to the Forty-fourth Congress ; was active
in the Temperance cause, and in the rights of his
State in her swamp lands.
Cutlet' f Manasseh, — He was born in Killingly,
Connecticut, in 1743, and graduated at Yale College
in 1765 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1767 ; removed to Dedham, Massachusetts, in 1769 ;
studied for the ministry, and was ordained in 1771 ;
and was settled as pastor of a church in Hamilton,
Massachusetts, September 11, 1771. He distinguished
himself by his attention to several branches of Natu-
ral History, particularly by making the first essay to-
ward a scientific description of the plants of New
England ; an account of several hundred of which,
communicated by him, was published by the Amer-
ican Academy, of which he was a member, and the
degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Harvard
College. He was one of the first scientific explorers
of the White Mountains. In 1787 he organized an
expedition for the Northwest Territory ; and in 1788,
with General Rufus Putnam, commenced a settle-
ment at Marietta, on the Muskingum, Ohio. In 1790
he returned with his family to New England, served
a number of years in the Legislature, and was pastor
of the church at Hamilton, Massachusetts, until his
death. In 1800 he was elected to a seat in Congress,
and retained it until 1804, when he declined any fur-
ther political employment, from its interference with
his professional duties. He died July 28, 1823.
CufleVf William P, — Born near Marietta,
Ohio, July 12, 1813 ; was elected to the Ohio Legis-
lature in 1844, 1845, and 1846, officiating as Speaker
of the House during the last term ; he was a member
of the Constitutional Convention of 1850 ; from that
period until elected to Congress he was President
of the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad Company ;
and he was elected a Representative from Ohio to
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit-
tees on the Militia and on Invalid Pensions.
Cuttluf/f Francis JB, — Was born in New York
city in 1805 ; was liberally educated ; in 1825 gradua-
ted at Columbia College ; adopted the profession of
law, and became eminent as a commercial lawyer of
New York ; in 1836 and 1837 he was a member of the
New York Legislature ; from 1853 to 1855 was a
Representative in Congress from his native State ;
was leading counsel in almost all important commer-
cial questions in New York from 1840 to 1855. While
in Congress he had a personal difficulty with J. C.
Breckenridge on political questions. In 1863 he be-
came a " war democrat," and did good service in secur-
ing the re-election of President Lincoln. Died in New
York city, June 26, 1870.
Cutis f Charles, — Born in Massachusetts in 1769 ;
entered Harvard College in 1786 ; graduated in 1790 ;
studied law with Judge Pickering; was elected a
member of the Legislature in 1804, and then Speaker
of the House ; was sent to the United States Senate
in 1810 from New Hampshire, and served till 1813 ;
and chosen Secretary of the Senate from 1814 to
1825. By appointment, he entered the Senate for a
second term in 1813, but resigned in June of that
year. He died in Virginia in 1846.
Cutis f James Madison, — He was born in
Maine, and the son of Richard Cutts ; was a resident
for many years of the city of Washington ; and in
1857 he was appointed Second Comptroller of the
Treasury, and held the office until 1868. His father
was the man appointed to the same position, when
first organized. He died in Washington.
Cutis, Michard, — Born June 22, 1771, at Cutts
Island, Saco, in the Province or District of Maine,
then constituting a part of the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts, and received his early education at
Harvard University, at which institution he gradu-
ated in 1790, and in the twentieth year of his age.
He studied law ; was extensively engaged in com-
merce, and took an active part in politics. He vis-
ited Europe, and, on his return, after serving two
successive years as a member of the General Court of
Massachusetts, he was, at the age of twenty-nine, in
1800 elected a member of the House of Representa-
tives of the United States. He took his seat in the
House December 7, 1801, and through six successive
Congresses, constantly sustained by the continued
confidence of his constituents, he gave a firm support
to President Jefferson's administration, and to that of
his successor. President Madison, until the close of
his first term, March 3, 1813, having patriotically
sustained, by his votes, non-importation, non inter-
course, the embargo, and finally war, as measures
called for by the honor and interest of the nation,
although ruinous to his private fortune. On June
3, of that year, he was appointed Superintendent-
General of Military Supplies, an office created by
the Act of March 3, 1813, the functions of which
were required only during the continuance of tlie
war. The office was accordingly abolished by the
Act of March 3, 1817, to pjovide for the prompt set-
tlement of public accounts. By the same act the
office of Second Comptroller of the Treasury was
created, to which Mr. Cutts was immediately ap-
pointed by President James Monroe, and which he
held until 1829 ; after which he resided in the city
of Washington, in the retirement of private life, un-
til his death, April 7, 1845.
Cuyler, Jeremiah, — He was a native of Geor-
gia, and in 1821 he was aj>pointed District Judge of
the United States Court for the District of Georgia,
residing at Savannah, where he died May 7, 1839.
Daggett , David, — Born in Attleborough, Mas-
sachusetts, December 31, 1764; graduated at Yale
College in 1783, and was Professor of Law in that in-
stitution for many years, and subsequently received
tlie degree of LL.D. from that institution. He was
State's Attorney and Mayor of New Haven, and fre-
quently a member of the Legislature, and member of
the Council; and also served as a Presidential Elector
on several occasions. From 1813 to 1819 he was a
Senator in Congress from Connecticut; from 1826 to
1832 he was a Judge of the Supreme Court of the
State, and was Chief Judge from 1832 to 1834, when
he attained the age of seventy years. He died April
12, 1851.
Daily, Samuel G, — He was born in Indiana in
1819 ; was elected a Delegate from the Territory of
Nebraska to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and re-
elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress. He was sub-
sequently appointed a Deputy-Collector in New Or-
leans, where he died September 14, 1865.
Dallas, Alexander J, — Born on the island of
Jamaica, June 21, 1759. His father was from Scot-
land, He received an excellent education at Edin-
burgh and Westminster, and emigrated to the United
States in 1783. and settled at Philadelphia, where he
studied law and established himself in practice. He
was engaged in literary pursuits ; was a frequent
contributor to periodicals, and at one time editor of
the Columbian Mo.gazine. He prepared a system of
law reports, which were published in four volumes.
In January, 1791, he was appointed Secretary of
Pennsylvania, and held the office until 1801, when
he was appointed District Attorney of the United
States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania ; in
October, 1814, was appointed Secretary of the Treas-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
107
ury of tlie United States, and for a time performed
the duties of Secretary of War in addition ; in Sep-
tember, 1816, lie resigned, and resumed the practice
of law in Philadelphia ; died January 16, 1817. He
published " Features of Jay's Treaty," in 1795, and
various speeches, reports, and addresses, and left un-
finished a " History of Pennsylvania."
DallaSf George Mifflin, — He was born July
10, 1792, in the city of Philadelphia, where he re-
ceived his early education. He graduated at Prince-
ton College in 1810 ; commenced the study of law in
his father^s office in Philadelphia, and was admitted
to the bar in 1813. In the same year he accompanied
Mr. Gallatin to Russia as his private secretary, when
that gentleman was appointed a member of the Com-
mission to negotiate a peace under the mediation of
Alexander. During his absence, he visited Russia,
France, England, Holland, and the Netherlands. He
returned to the United States in 1814, and, after as-
sisting his father for a time in his duties as Secretary
of the Treasury, he commenced the practice of his pro-
fession at Philadelphia. In 1817 he was appointed
the deputy of the Attorney-General of Philadelphia,
and soon won a high reputation as a criminal lawyer.
He took an active part in politics, and in 1825 he was
elected Mayor of Philadelphia, and on the accession
of General Jackson, in 1829, he was appointed to the
office of District Attorney, the same office which had
been held by his father. This post he held until
1831, when a vacancy having occurred in the repre-
sentation from Pennsylvania in the United States
Senate, Mr. Dallas was chosen to fill it. Pie took an
active part in the debates of the stormy session of
1832-'33. On the expiration of his term of office in
1833, he declined a re-election, and resumed the prac-
tice of his profession. In 1837 he was appointed by
President Van Buren Ambassador to Russia, and re-
mained in that country until October, 1839, when he
returned home, and once more devoted himself to
the practice of law. In 1844 he was elected Vice-
President of the United States, and entered upon the
duties of his office in March of the following year.
His term of office expired in March, 1849, when he
was succeeded by Mr. Fillmore. He was appointed
by President Pierce, in 1856, to succeed Mr. Buchanan
as Minister at the Court of St. James, in which posi-
tion he was retained by Mr. Buchanan, when he be-
came President. Died in Philadelphia, December 31,
1864. -
Daltofif Trisfani. — Was born in that portion of
Newbury, Massachusetts, now Newburyport, in 1743,
and at the early age of seventeen graduated at Har-
vard University. He studied law as an accomplish-
ment— the fortune which he inherited from his
father not requiring him to practice it as a profession
— and he took a deep interest in the cultivation of a
large landed estate, in what is now the town of West
Newbury. Washington, John Adams, Louis Phi-
lippe, Talleyrand, and other distinguished guests par-
took of his hospitalities. As eminent for piety as he
was for mental endowments, the Episcopal Church, of
which he was a warden, shared in his generous lib-
erality ; and he was also noted for the affectionate in-
terest which he took in the welfare of his servants,
both black and white. He was a Representative,
Speaker of the House of Representatives, and a Sena-
tor in the Legislature lof Massachusetts ; and a Sena-
tor of the United States in the First Congress after
the adoption of the Federal Constitution. When
Washington City was founded, Mr. Dalton invested
his entire fortune in lands there, and lost it by the
mismanagement of a business agent. At the same
time a vessel which was freighted with his furniture
and valuable library was lost on her voyage from
Newburyport to Washington, and he thus found him-
self, after having lived sixty years in affluence, pen-
niless. Several offices of profit and honor were im-
mediately tendered him by the government, and he
accepted the Surveyorship of Boston. He died in
Boston, in June, 1817, and his remains were taken
to Newburyport, where they were interred in the
burial-ground of St. Paul's Church.
Daly, Charles JP. — Bom of Irish parentage in
New York city, October 31, 1816 ; as a boy, he went
fco sea, and studied mechanics ; then studied law, and
came to the bar in 1839 ; in 1843 he was elected to the
State Legislature ; in 1844 he was appointed a Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas ; in 1857 he was made
first Judge of the same ; and more recently Chief
Justice of the same court, having taken part in some
highly important trials. In 1851 he visited Europe,
and received attention from various legal dignitaries ;
and in 1855 he published an elaborate "Historical
Sketch of the Judicial Tribunals of New York from
1623 to 1846." In 1860 he received from Columbia
College the degree of Doctor of Laws ; in 1867 at-
tended, as a Delegate, the State Constitutional Con-
vention of New York ; served as an officer in various
charitable and literary Societies ; and as a writer, has
produced many papers, on Naturalization, Banking
Systems, Dispensaries, Useful Arts, the Drama, Arc-
tic Explorations, and on the lives of distinguished
citizens of New York.
Danirellf William S, — Born in Portsmouth,
New Hampshire, November 20, 1809 ; never had the
privilege of even a common-school education ; was
by trade a printer ; and was elected a Representative
from Massachusetts to the Thirty-fourth Congress,
where he served on the Committee on Engraving,
and to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on Roads and Canals. Died at Boston, May
17, 1860.
Dana, A^nasa. — He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1828 and 1829, and a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1841,
and again from 1843 to 1845.
Dana, Charles Anderson. — Born in Hins-
dale, New Hampshire, August 8, 1819 ; studied two
years at Harvard University, but did not graduate
on account of impaired eyesight. He edited the
Harbinger, was a contributor to the Boston Chrono-
type; was connected with the JV^ew York Tribune
from 1847 to 1858 ; and subsequently editor of th.e]!^ew
York Sun; also edited the "Household Book of
Poetry " in 1858, and was one of the editors of "Apple-
ton's Cyclopedia." He was Assistant Secretary of War
in 1863 and 1864.
Dana, Francis, — He was born in 1743 ; grad-
uated at Harvard College in 1762 ; and, after study-
ing law, resided a year in England. He was a Dele-
gate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress
from 1776 to 1779 and in 1784 ; signed the Articles of
Confederation ; was Secretary of Legation at Paris
under John Adams ; was appointed Minister to Rus-
sia, but not officially received ; was Chief Justice of
the State from 1792 to 1806, when he resigned ; in
1797 he was appointed Minister to France ; and he
died in 1811.
Dana, John TF.— He was born in Fryeburg,
Maine ; an active politician ; Governor of the State
from 1847 to 1850 ; went to South America to reside
in 1861, and died of cholera at Rosario, New Granada,
December 22, 1867. He contracted the disease of
which he died whilst ministering to an American
lady, whose death occurred on the day preceding his
own.
Dana, tTuda/i.—Bom in Massachusetts in 1772 ;
108
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795 ; commenced
the practice of law in Fryeburg ; was Attorney for
Oxford County for six years ; Judge of Probate for
twenty years ; Judge of the Common Pleas for nine
years ; one of the Committee which drafted the Con-
stitution of Maine ; a member of the Executive Coun-
cil of the State in 1834 ; and, by appointment of the
Governor, was a Senator in Congress from Maine
during the years 1836 and 1837. He died at Frye-
burg, Maine, December 37, 1845.
Dana, Samuel, — Born at Groton, Massachu-
setts, June 26, 1767 ; was a lawyer by profession,
and became eminent ; was President of the State
Senate ; Chief Justice of the Circuit Court of Com-
mon Pleas ; was a Representative in Congress in 1814
and 1815 in place of W. M. Richardson, resigned ;
July 4, 1807, delivered an oration at Groton, which
was published. Died in Charlestown, Massachusetts,
November 20, 1835.
Danaf Samuel JV, — He was born in Connecti-
cut in 1747, and died July 21, 1830. He graduated at
Yale College in 1775, was a Representative in Con-
gress from 1797 to 1810 ; and a Senator in Congress
from Connecticut from 1810 to 1821.
DanCf Joseph. — He was born in Beverly, Es-
sex County, Massachusetts, October 25, 1778, and
graduated at Harvard University in 1799. He
adopted the profession of law, and, removing to Ken-
nebunk, Maine, was a member of the State Consti-
tutional Convention of 1816 and 1819 ; in 1820 he was
elected to Congress for the unexpired term of J.
Homes ; and from 1821 to 1823 he represented the
York District of Maine in Congress, when he re-
signed ; was subsequently in the Legislature as a
member of the House for six years, and was a mem-
ber of the Senate in 1829. He was chosen a member
of the Executive Council of Massachusetts in 1817,
and to a similar station in Maine in 1841 ; but he de-
clined both ofl&ces. He settled in Kentucky early in
the present century, where he died May 1, 1858.
Dane, Wathan, — Born at Ipswich, Massachu-
setts, in 1752 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1778 ;
was a Delegate from Massachusetts to the Conti-
nental Congress from 1785 to 1788 ; was the framer
of the celebrated ordinance passed by Congress in
1787 ; and, though devoted to the practice of law,
found time to prepare a Digest of American Law in
nine volumes. He established a Professorship of
Law in Harvard University ; and, after he had at-
tained his seventieth year, he was in the habit of
spending fourteen hours of each day engaged in
reading and writing. Died at Beverly, Massachu-
setts, February 15, 1834, He received from Harvard
College the degree of LL. D.
Danforclf Lorenzo, — He was born in Belmont
County, Ohio, October 18, 1829 ; received a common-
school education, and attended college two years at
Waynesburg, Pennsylvania ; studied law at St.
Clairsville, Ohio ; was elected Prosecuting Attorney
of Belmont County in 1857 and 1859 ; entered the
Army ; served as private. Lieutenant, and Captain
until 1864, when he resigned on account of sickness;
was a Presidential Elector in 1864 ; and was elected
to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serv-
ing on the Committee on the Post Office and Post
Roads.
Daniel f Henry, — ^Born in Virginia in 1793 ; re-
moved to Kentucky in his early youth ; was a lawyer
by profession ; was a volunteer in the War of 1812,
with rank of Captain ; was a State Representative from
Montgomery County in 1812, 1819, and 1826 ; was a
Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1827
to 1833 ; had a famous encounter in that House with
Tristam Burgess ; and in 1845 shot his brother-in-law
in the Court House of Mt. Sterling, Kentucky. He
died in that town, October 5, 1873.
Daniel, John 31, — He was born in Virginia ;
prior to 1854 obtained some reputation as a newspa-
per writer ; was appointed Minister Resident to Sar-
dinia, but resigned the office and returned to the
United States ; resumed his connection with the
press and the Richmond Examiner ; and though a
very zealous friend of the Confederate Government,
was very bitter in his attacks upon its Executive
Head : he died March 30, 1865. He wrote a Life of
Stonewall Jackson, which was published in England.
Danielf John It, J, — Born in Halifax County,
North Carolina ; graduated at the University of that
State in 1821 ; studied law, and practiced it with suc-
cess. He served for several years in the General
Assembly, and was elected Attorney-General of the
State ; and was a Representative in Congress from
North Carolina from 1841 to 1853, serving through
several sessions as Chairman of the Committee on
Claims. Removed to Louisiana, where he died.
Daniel, Joseph J, — Born in Halifax County,
North Carolina, in 1783 : educated at the State Uni-
versity and studied law ; in 1807 he was elected to
the State Legislature ; from 1816 to 1832 he was a
Judge of the Superior Courts of Equity and Law;
he was subsequently made a Judge of the Supreme
Court of the State, which position he retained until
his death, in February, 1848. He was a man of rare
learning.
Daniel, Peter Vyvian, — He was born in Staf-
ford County, Virginia, in 1785 ; graduated at Prince-
ton College in 1805 ; studied law with Edmund Ran-
dolph, and came to the bar in 1808 ; was a member of
the State Legislature in 1809 and 1810 ; in 1812 he
was a member of the Privy Council, and served as
such until 1835 ; and frequently as Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor ; was tendered the office of Attorney-General
of the United States by President Jackson, but de-
clined the appointment ; in 1836 he was appointed
Judge of the United States District Court for Vir-
ginia ; and in 1840 he was appointed by President
Van Buren a Justice of the Supreme Court of the
United States. Died in 1860.
Danner, Joel J5. — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1850 to 1851.
Darby, Ezra, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New Jersey from 1804 to 1808, when he
resigned. Died January 28, 1808.
Darbi/f John Fletcher, — Born in Person
County, North Carolina, December 10, 1803. In 1818
he removed with his father to Missouri, and settled
in St. Louis County, where, until 1823, he worked on
a farm, pursuing his studies under many difficulties,
having previously received a good English education
in his native town. After the death of his parents,
in 1825, he applied for an appointment at West Point,
but being unsuccessful, sold out his father's estate,
and went to Frankfort, Kentucky, and studied law.
In May, 1827, having a license to practice from the
Supreme Court of Kentucky, he returned to Missouri
and commenced his professional life. He was four
times chosen Mayor of the city of St. Louis, and once
a member of the State Senate; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from 1851 to 1853 from that State.
Dargan, Edward S, — He was born in North
Carolina ; removed in early youth to Alabama, where
he subsequently taught school and studied law. In
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
109
1844 lie was elected Mayor of Mobile ; from 1845 to
1847 lie was a Representative in Congress from Ala-
bama ; and during the latter year was elected a Judge
of tlie Supreme Court of Alabama.
Dargorif George IF. — He was born in South
Carolina in 1801 ; was liberally educated, and adopted
the profession of law ; was a member of the State
Senate for several years ; Commissioner in Equity for
Charleston ; and from 1847 to the time of his death,
the Chancellor of South Carolina, Died in Columbia,
June 12, 1859.
Darling f Mason C — Born in Bellingham, Mas-
sachusetts, May 18, 1801 ; received a common-school
education ; commenced active life as a school-teacher
in New York ; and having studied medicine, gradu-
ated at the Berkshire Medical Institution of Massa-
chusetts in 1824, He practiced his profession for
thirteen years, when he removed to Wisconsin, and
aided in establishing the towns of Sheboygan and
Fond du Lac. The principal offices held by him in
Wisconsin were those of Judge of Probate, Mayor of
Fond du Lac, a member for several years of the Ter-
ritorial Legislature, and a Representative in Congress
from the State of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1849.
Darling f William A., — He was born in New-
ark, New Jersey, December 17, 1817, but shortly af-
terwards settled in New York city ; received a com-
mercial education, and, as clerk and proprietor, was
devoted to the wholesale business ; in 1888 he was a
director of the Mercantile Library Association ; was
for eleven years a member, as officer and private, of
the Seventh Regiment, National Guard ; from 1847 to
1854 he was Deputy Receiver of Taxes for New York ;
from 1854 to 1865 was President of a railroad com-
pany in New York ; was a Presidential Elector in
1860; in 1863 and 1864 he was President of the Union
and Republican organization of New York city; and
in the latter year he was elected a Representative from
New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Naval Affairs, Expenditures in
the Post Office Department, and the War Debts of
Loyal States ; and also as Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Revenue Frauds.
Darlington^ Edtvard, — He was born in
Pennsylvania and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1833 to 1839.
Darlington, Isaac, — Born in Westtown,
Chester County, Pennsylvania, December 13, 1781,
and died April 27, 1839. He was brought up to hard
labor, partly on a farm, and in the shop of his father,
a worthy blacksmith, and was a Quaker in religion.
He educated himself, taught school, studied law, and
was successful as a practitioner. In 1807 he was
elected to the State Legislature ; served as a Volun-
teer Lieutenant in the last war with England ; and
was a member of Congress from Pennsylvania from
1817 to 1819, declining a re-election. In 1820 he was
appointed Deputy Attorney-General for Chester Coun-
ty, and ill 1821 was appointed President Judge of the
County Court, which he held until his death.
Darlington f William, — Born in Birmingham,
Chester County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1782. He
was brought up on a farm until eighteen years old,
trained in the religion of George Fox, and when
young had but a limited education. He studied med-
icine, and in 1804 graduated at the University of
Pennsylvania. In 1806 he was disoionedhj the Society
of Friends for accepting the appointment of Surgeon
to a military regiment. In 1807 he went to India as
Surgeon of a merchant ship ; in 1811 and 1812 he as-
sisted in establishing the West Chester Academy,
Pennsylvania, of which he was long a Trustee and
the Secretary ; in 1813 he prepared a catalogue of
plants of his native county ; in 1814 he took part
in establishing the Bank of West Chester, and was
its President, When Washington City was attacked
by the British, he went to camp as a volunteer ; and
he was a member of Congress from Pennsylvania
from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1819 to 1823. He
was also a member of the " American Philosophical
Society ; " was a Canal Commissioner in 1825. In
1826 he aided in forming a Natural History Society in
West Chester, and was elected President of the same;
and on account of his devotion to science, and his
scientific learning, a number of rare plants were
named after him by leading naturalists of Switzer-
land and America. He also held the office of Clerk
of the Court of Chester County ; aided in founding
and was President of the " West Chester Medical So-
ciety ; " was President of a railway company ; in 1847
he was robbed of fifty thousand dollars belonging to
the bank of which he was President ; his publications
on botany and kindred subjects are quite numerous ;
in 1848 he received from Yale College the degree of
Doctor of Laws, and in 1855 that of Doctor of Physi-
cal Science from Dickinson College ; and he was
elected a member of some forty learned societies in
America and Europe. Died in 1863.
Darraghf Cornelius, — He was born in Penn-
sylvania, and a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1843 to 1847. Died in January, 1855.
Darrallf Chester JB. — He was born in Somerset
County, Pennsylvania, June 24, 1842 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; studied medicine, and gradu-
ted at the Albany Medical College ; entered the Union
Army as Assistant Surgeon of Volunteers, promoted to
be Surgeon, and served throughout the wai* ; settled
in Louisiana at the close of the war, and engaged in
mercantile pursuits ; was elected to the State Senate
of Ijouisiana in 1860, and elected to the Forty-first
Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-second and
three subsequent Congresses, serving on the Com-
mittees on the District of Columbia, and Education
and Labor, and Chairman of Enrolled Bills.
Dartvin C, D, — He was a resident of Iowa,
from which State he was appointed an Associate
Justice of the United States Court for the Territory
of Washington.
Davee^ Thomas, — Born in Plymouth, Massa-
chusetts, December 9, 1797 ; removed to Maine, and
was bred a merchant ; served six years in the two
Houses of the Maine Legislature ; served a second
term in the State Assembly, and was chosen Speaker ;
he was also High-Sheriff of Somerset County, and a
Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1841. He
was also for many years a Postmaster in Maine, and,
at the time of his death, was a Senator elect of the
State Legislature. He died, supported by the hopes
of the Christian, December 9, 1841.
Davenport f Franklin, — He was a soldier in
the Revolutionary War ; a man of education, and a
Judge ; and was a Senator in Congress from New
Jersey from 1798 to 1799, but was superseded by J.
Schureman, and was a Representative in Congress
from 1799 to 1801.
Davenportf tfames, — He was a graduate of
Yale College in 1777, and was a Representative in
Congress from Connecticut from 1796 to 1797, in
which year he died.
Davenport f James J".— He was born in Vir-
ginia ; a resident of Santa Fe, and in 1853 was ap-
pointed from Mississippi Chief Justice of the United
States Court for New Mexico.
110
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Davenport^ John, — He was born in Stamford,
Connecticut, January 16, 1752 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1770 ; was a tutor in that College in 1778
and 1774 ; and a Eepresentative in Congress from
Connecticut from 1799 to 1817. He had also served
with credit in the Revolutionary War, as a Major in
the Commissary Department; also practiced law.
Died in Stamford, November 28, 1830.
Davenport f tTohn, —He was a Representative
in Congress from Ohio from 1827 to 1829.
Davenport f Thomas, — He was born in Cum-
berland County, Virginia, and was a Representative
in Congress from Virginia from 1825 to 1835, and
died in Halifax County, in November, 1838.
DavezaCf Auguste, — He was a citizen of Louis-
iana ; was appointed Secretary of Legation to Mexico
in 1829, remaining there two years ; in 1839 he was
appointed Charge d' Affaires ; and in 1845 re-commis-
sioned to the same office and place, and returned to
the United States in 1850.
Davidson y Thomas G. — Born in Jefferson
County, Mississippi, August 6, 1805 ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1827; in 1833 was Register of
the Land Office at Grreensburg, Louisiana; was elected
to the Legislature of that State in 1833, where he
served, from different parishes, some thirteen years;
and he was elected a Representative in Congress from
Louisiana in 1855 ; re-elected in 1857, and was Chair-
man of the Committee on Enrolled Bills, and member
of the Committee on Claims. Re-elected to the Thir-
ty-sixth Congress, but withdrew in February, 1861. .
Davidson, William, — He was a native of
Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, having been
born September 12, 1778 ; represented that county in
the State Legislature as Senator in 1813, 1815, 1816,
and 1817 ; and was a Representative in Congress from
his native State from 1818 to 1821. He served again
in the State Senate in 1827, 1828, and 1829. He died
in Cliarlotte, Mecklenburg County, September 10,
1857, from injuries which he received by being thrown
from his carriage while taking a drive with a frac-
tious horse. Though leading the quiet life of a
planter, he was a man of great influence and useful-
ness.
Davie, William^ R, — He was born in North
Carolina, and in 1790 he was appointed a Judge of the
United States District Court for the District of North
Carolina.
Davie, William Richardson, — Born at Egre-
mont, near White Haven, England, June 20, 1756 ;
graduated at New Jersey College, 1776; placed by
his father in South Carolina soon after the peace of
1763, under the care of his uncle, who educated and
adopted him as his son and heir, his father returning
to England. He commenced the study of law at
Salisbury, but soon obtained a Lieutenancy in a troop
of dragoons and succeeded to the command ; he an-
nexed it to the Legion of Pulaski in 1779, and was
promoted by General Lincoln to be Brigade-Major;
fought at Stono, where he was severely wounded at
Hanging Rock and Rocky Mount. He protected the
country between Charlotte and Camden, with a le-
gionary corps which he equipped at his own expense,
and nearly impoverished himself by so doing. He
was rewarded for his services by the appointment as
Colonel -Commander of State Cavalry, and was made
Commissioner by General Greene. After the war
he settled at Halifax, North Carolina, and was for
many years a member of the State Legislature ; in
1787 was Delegate to the Convention which framed
the Federal Constitution ; the illness of his family
called him home before his labors were finished, and
his name does not appear on that instrument, but he
was the most able champion in the State Convention ;
he supported, mainly, the University of North Caro-
lina ; was Major-General of State Militia ; in 1799
Governor of the State ; but soon after sent by Presi-
dent Adams, with Ellsworth and Murray, on a Mission
to France. After his return withdrew from public
life to his farm at Tivoli, on the Catawba River, South
Carolina; was appointed, March, 1813, Major-General
by the Government, but declined to serve on account
of wounds. Died at Camden, South Carolina, No-
vember 8, 1820.
Davies, Edward, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1837 to 1841.
Davies, William, — He was born in Georgia,
and prior to the year 1820 he was appointed a Judge
of the United States District Court for the District of
Georgia.
Davis, Amos, — He was a member of the Ken-
tucky Legislature from Montgomery County in 1819,
1825, 1827, and 1828 ; was a Representative in Con-
gress from Kentucky from 1833 to 1835 ; and died in
Owingsville, in that State, June 5, 1835. He was a
brother of Garret Davis.
Davis, Chai^les Henry, — Born in Boston, Mas-
sachusetts, January 16, 1807 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1825 ; was appointed Midshipman in
1823 ; Lieutenant in 1834; Commander in 1854; Cap-
tain in 1861 ; Commodore in 1862 ; Chief of Bureau
of Navigation in 1862 ; Rear-Admiral in 1863 ; from
1844 to 1849 was engaged in the United States Coast
Survey ; from 1845 to 1849 discovered the New South
Shoal and several smaller shoals near Nantu(;ket ; he
was afterwards engaged in examining the harbors of
Boston, New York, and Charleston ; studied the laws
of tidal action and published a work on the subject.
He founded the "American Nautical Almanac," and
superintended it from 1849 to 1856, when he was or-
dered to the Pacific in command of the 8t. Mary's.
He was Fleet Captain in Dupont's Expedition, and
assigned to the Mississippi Flotilla, as Flag Officer, in
1862, and repulsed an attack by the rebel fleet ; he
attacked the fleet near Memphis and destroyed or cap-
tured all but one vessel, and the surrender of that
city followed. He was with Admiral Farragut at
Vicksburg, and with General Curtis at Yazoo in 1862.
He was Superintendent of the Naval Observatory at
Washington from 1865 to 1867 ; commanded the
South Atlantic Squadron from 1867 to 1869. Received
the degree of LL.D. from Harvard University in 1868.
Davis, C, K, — He was born in Henderson, Jef-
ferson County, New York, June 16, 1838 ; graduated
at the University of Michigan in 1857 ; was United
States Attorney for Minnesota for five years from
1868 ; and in 1873 he was elected Governor of that
State.
Davis, David, — He was born in Cecil County,
Maryland, March 9, 1815 ; graduated at Kenyon Col-
lege, Ohio, in 1832 ; studied law in Massachusetts,
and went through a legal course at the Law School of
New Haven ; in 1835 he removed to Illinois, and was
immediately admitted to the bar, and soon afterwards
settled in Bloomington. In 1844 he was elected to
the State Legislature ; in 1847 to the Convention
which formed the present State Constitution ; in 1848
he was elected by the people Judge of the Eighth
Judicial Circuit of the State ; re-elected in 1855 and
also in 1861, but, before completing his last term, he
was appointed by President Lincoln a Justice of the
Supreme Court of the United States. He was for
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
111
many years the intimate friend of Abraham Lincoln,
rode the circuit with him every year, and he was a
Delegate at large to the "Chicago Convention" of
1860, which nominated Mr. Lincoln for President.
Just before entering upon his duties as Justice of the
Supreme Court he was appointed a visitor to the
West Point Academy.
Davis f Edmund J, — He was Governor of Texas
from 1870 to 1874.
Davis, Garret, — He was born at Mt. Ster-
ling. Kentucky, September 10, 1801 ; received an
English and classical education ; while yet a boy, he
was employed as a writer in the County and Circuit
Courts of his district ; studied law and came to the
bar in 1823. In 1833 he was elected to the State
Legislature, and was twice re-elected ; in 1839 he was
a member of the State Constitutional Convention ;
from 1839 to 1847 he was a Representative in Con-
gress from Kentucky, and declined a re-election ; and
though always actively engaged in the practice of his
profession, he has ever devoted much attention to the
pursuits of agriculture. In 1861 he was elected a
Senator in Congress from Kentucky for the term end-
ing in 1867, serving on the Committees on Foreign
Relations, on Territories, Claims, and Pensions. From
early manhood until the death of Henry Clay he was
one of the most intimate personal and political friends
of that statesman. In 1864 he was appointed a Regent
of the Smithsonian Institution, and in 1866 he was one
of the Senators designated by the Senate to attend
the funeral of General Scott. In January, 1867, he
was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in
1873. Died in Paris, Kentucky, in September, 1872.
Davis, George T, — He was born in Sandwich,
Massachusetts, January 12, 1810; graduated at Har-
vard College in 1829 ; studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1832 ; was elected to the Senate of Mas-
sachusetts in 1839 and 1840 ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Massachusetts from 1851 tol853.
Davis, Henry G, — Born in Howard County,
Maryland, November 16, 1823 ; received a limited
education ; in 1843 he became a brakeman on the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and was soon advanced
to higher positions on the Road ; in 1858 became
President of a bank ; in 1865 he was elected to the
Legislature ; in 1868 a Delegate to the Democratic
National Convention ; in the same year elected to the
State Senate ; in 1870 he was re-elected ; and was
elected a Senator in Congress for the term ending in
1877, serving on the Committees on Appropriations
and Agriculture.
Davis, Henry Winter, — Was born in Annapo-
lis. Maryland, August 16, 1817 ; graduated at Kenyon
College in 1837. In 1839 he entered the University
of Virginia and went through a course of studies at
that institution ; he then settled in the practice of
law at Alexandria, Virginia ; in 1850 he settled in
Baltimore, Maryland, and was elected a Representa-
tive from that State to the Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth,
and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving on the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means, and also elected to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Foreign, Affairs, and on the Special
Committee on the Rebellious States. In 1864 he was
appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution,
and from Hampden Sidney College he received the
degree of LL.D. He was a man of superior power
as an orator, and as an author he published, in 1852,
a book entitled " The War of Ormuzd and Ahrinam
in the Nineteenth Century," Died in Baltimore,
December 20, 1865 ; and by a resolution of the
National House of Representatives a eulogy was pro-
nounced upon him, February 22, 1866, by his friend
and late colleague, Senator John A. J. Creswell.
This is said to have been the only occasion when a
private citizen was thus honored by Congress. In
1867 his collected speeches were published under the
editorship of his friend Creswell.
Davis, tfefferson, — He was born in Christian
County, Kentucky, June 3, 1808, but his father
removed to Mississippi in his infancy. He com-
menced his education at the Transylvania University,
Kentucky, but left it for the West Point Academy,
where he graduated in 1828. He followed the
fortunes of a soldier until 1835, when he became a
planter. He was a cadet from 1824 to 1828 ;
Second Lieutenant of Infantry from 1828 to 1833 ;
First Lieutenant of Dragoons from 1833 to 1835 ;
serving in various campaigns against the Indians ;
was Adjutant of Dragoons, and at different times
served in the Quartermaster's Department ; in 1844
was a Presidential Elector ; in 1845 was elected a
Representative in Congress from Mississippi for one
term, but resigned in 1846 to become Colonel of a
Volunteer regiment to serve in Mexico ; in Mexico he
received the appointment of Brigadier-General ; in
1847 was appointed a Senator of Congress, to fill a
vacancy, and was elected for the term ending in 1851,
but resigned in 1850 ; was re elected for a term of
six years, but resigned ; was appointed Secretary of
War by President Pierce, serving throughout his ad-
ministration ; and in 1857 again took his seat in the
United States Senate for the term of six years, serving
as Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs,
and a member of those on Public Buildings and
Grounds and on Printing. In Februaiy, 1861, he
withdrew from the Senate, became identified with
the Great Rebellion, and was elected President of the
so-called "Southern Confederacy." He was subse-
quently confined as a prisoner of state in Fortress
Monroe, and after remaining in that stronghold as a
prisoner for two years, he was in 1867 released on
bail, and went to Canada, but subsequently returned
to Mississippi and lived in retirement.
Davis, Johfi, — Born at Plymouth, Massachusetts,
January 25, 1761 ; graduated at Harvard University
in 1781 ; tutor for several years at Barnstable, in the
family of General Otis ; studied law, and began to
practice in Plymouth in 1786 ; was some years in the
State Legislature ; a member of the Convention to
adopt the Federal Constitution ; member of the State
Senate in 1795 ; appointed Comptroller of the United
States Treasury, 1795 ; District Attorney for Massa-
chusetts in 1796 ; and was United States District
Judge from 1801 till his death. He was a Delegate
to the State Constitutional Convention in 1820; he
was a member of many learned societies, and Presi-
dent of the Massachusetts Historical Society from
1818 to 1843 ; and in 1813 delivered an address in
commemoration of the Landing of the Pilgrims
before that society. He was an antiquarian of con-
siderable eminence and wrote many valuable scien-
tific and other valuable essays and addresses. Died
in Boston, January 14, 1847.
Davis, John, — Born in Northborough, Massa-
chusetts, January 13,1787; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1812 ; adopted the profession of law ; admit-
ted to the bar in 1815 ; was a Representative in Con-
gress from 1825 to 1834 ; Governor of Massachusetts
during the years 1834 and 1835, and 1841 and 1842 ; a
Senator in 'Congress from 1835 to 1841, and again
from 1845 to 1853, always serving on important Com-
mittees and exerting much influence. On account of
his many popular qualities he was called " Honest
John Davis." He died suddenly, at Worcester, April
19, 1854.
Davis, John, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
112
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1839 to 1841.
Davis, J'ohn C Bancroft, — He was born in
Worcester, Massachusetts, December 29, 1822, and
son of the eminent Senator John Davis ; graduated at
Harvard College in 1840 ; was Secretary of Legation
at London from 1849 to 1852, acting repeatedly as
Charge d' Affaires ; on his return from England he
settled in New York city, where he practiced the pro-
fession of law ; in 1868 he was elected to the State
Legislature ; in 1869 he was appointed Assistant Sec-
retary of State ; resigned that position in 1871 to
become Agent of the Greneral Government before the
Tribunal of Arbitration at Geneva on the Alabama
Claims, performing much important work ; in 1873 he
was re-appointed Assistant Secretary of State ; and
in 1874 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to
Prussia, in which office he still continues. While in
the State Department he acted as arbitrator between
Portugal and Great Britain ; and was Secretary as
well as member of the High Commission which con-
cluded the treaty of Washington in 1871. He was
from 1854 to 1861 a foreign correspondent of the
Wew York Times ; and subsequently edited an edition
of the "Treaties of the United States."
DaviSf John G, — Born in Fleming County,
Kentucky, October 10, 1810. His education was
obtained at a country school, where, during the win-
ter months, he studied the rudiments of reading,
writing, and arithmetic. He was bred to the occupa-
tion of a farmer ; was elected Sheriff of Parke
County, Indiana, and resigned in 1832. He was
Clerk of the Superior and Inferior Courts of that
county from 1833 to 1851, and was a Representative
from Indiana in the Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and
Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the
Committee on Public Lands, and also served on the
Committee to Examine into the accounts of the late
Clerk of the House, William Cullom. He was also
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress serving as a
member of the Committee on Public Lands. Died at
Terre Haute, Indiana, January 18, 1866.
Davis f fJohn tf* — He was born in Clarksburg,
West Virginia, May 1. 1835 ; educated at the North-
western Virginia Academy ; studied law ; was ad-
mitted to the bar, and has since practiced at Clarks-
burg ; was a member of the State Legislature of
Virginia in 1861, and of West Virginia in 1870; was
a Presidential Elector in 1864 ; was one of the Dele-
gates from the State at large to the National Demo-
cratic Convention at New York in 1868 ; elected to
the Forty-second Congress, and re-elected to the For-
ty-third Congress, serving on several Committees.
Davis f J'ohn W, — He was born in Lancaster,
Pennsylvania, in 1799 ; after completing his medical
studies in Baltimore, in 1821, at the Medical College,
he emigrated in 1823 to Indiana. He served first, in
1829, as a Surrogate, and then in the Legislature of
that State, and was Speaker of the lower branch, both
before and after his services in Congress, namely, in
1832 and 1841 ; and was also a Commissioner to make
a treaty with the Indians. He was a Representative
in Congress from Indiana from 1835 to 1837, from
1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1847, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands and was
Speaker of the House of Representatives during the
Twenty-ninth Congress. He was in 1848 appointed
Minister to China, and subsequently held the posi-
tion of Governor of Oregon Territory. He was also
President of the Baltimore Convention which nomi-
nated Franklin Pierce for President, in 1852. Died
at Carlisle, Indiana, August 22, 1859.
Davis, Joseph J, — Born in Franklin County,
North Carolina, in 1840 ; received a good education
and adopted the profession of law ; was elected to the
State Legislature in 1866 ; never held any other pub-
lic position before his nomination for Congress, and
was elected in 1874 a Representative from North
Carolina to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Davis, Noah, — He was born in Haverhill, New
Hampshire, September 10, 1818 ; received a liberal
education ; studied law, came to the bar in 1841, and
was for many years a successful practitioner in Al-
bion, New York, in which place his father had settled
in 1825 ; was a Justice of the Supreme Court of the
State from 1857 to 1868 ; and elected a Representa-
tive from New York to the Forty- first Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on the Judiciary, and Coinage,
Weights and Measures. Re-elected to the Forty-
second Congress, but resigned to become United
States Attorney for the District of New York ; and
in 1873 he was again elected Judge of the Supreme
Court. He presided over the court where Edward
Stokes and William M. Tweed were tried and con-
victed, the first for murder and the second for mal-
feasance in office. In a letter which he addressed to
the editor he spoke of his election to Congress as the
chief misfortune of his life.
Davis, Itenben, — Born in Tennessee, January
18, 1813. He was self-educated, owing to the limited
means of his father. He studied and practiced med-
icine for a few years, and afterwards pursued the
law as a profession. In 1835 he was chosen District
Attorney for the Sixth Judicial District of Mississippi.
In 1837 he was re-elected to the same office ; served
four months, in 1842, on the bench of the High Court
of Errors and Appeals ; was in the Mexican War as
Colonel Commandant of the Mississippi Rifles, but re-
signed on account of sickness, and was in no battle ;
was elected to the lower branch of the State Legisla-
ture from 1855 to 1857 ; and was elected a member
of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tees on Post Offices and Post Roads and Expenditures
in the Navy Department. Re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, and was a member of the Special
Committee of Thirty-three. Joined the Rebellion in
1861.
Davis, Richard D, — He was born in New York,
graduated at Yale College in 1818, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from his native State from
1841 to 1845.
Davis, Roger, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1811 to 1815.
Davis, Samuel, — He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1813 to 1815. In 1803, from 1808 to 1812, and
in 1815 and 1816, he was a member of the State Leg-
islature.
Davis, Samuel ^.— He was born in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from Louisiana
from 1853 to 1855.
Davis, Thomas, — He was born in Ireland, and
having emigrated to Rhode Island, was elected a Rep-
resentative in Congress from 1853 to 1855.
Davis, Thoiinas T, — He was appointed by Pres-
ident Jefferson, in 1803, United States Judge for the
Territory of Indiana.
Davis, Thomas T. — Was born in Middlebury,
Addison County, Vermont, August 22, 1810 ; gradua-
ted at Hamilton College, New York, in 1831 ; studied
law in Syracuse, and was admitted to tlie bar in 1833.
As a public man, his time was chiefly devoted to busi
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
113
ness connected witli railroads, with various kinds of
manufacturing, and with the mining of coal ; and in
1862 he was elected a Representative from New York
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on the District of Columbia. Re-elected to
the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee
on Roads'and Canals. Died May 2, 1872.
DaviSf Tifiiothy. — He was born in Newark,
New Jersey, in March, 1794 ; received a common-
school education ; removed to Kentucky in 1816, and
was there admitted to the bar in 1817 ; spent twenty
years of his life in Missouri ; and, having removed to
Iowa, was elected a Representative from that State to
the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the
Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads.
Davis f Timothy, — He was born in Gloucester,
Massachusetts, April 12, 1821 ; was educated at a dis-
trict school, which he did not attend after reaching
the age of twelve years ; spent two years in a print-
ing-office ; lived a number of years in Boston as a
clerk and as a merchant ; in 1854, by an unusually
large majority, he was elected a Representative in
Congress from his native district ; was re-elected to
the riiirty -fifth Congress, and served as a member of
the Committee on Naval Affairs. He was appointed
by President Lincoln to a place in the Boston Custom
House in 1861.
Davis f Warren H, — He was born in South Ca-
rolina ; graduated at the College of South Carolina in
1810 ; adopted the profession of law ; came to the
bar in 1814 ; was appointed Solicitor for South Caro-
lina in 1818 ; and was a Representative in Congress
from South Carolina, from 1825 to 1835, and died in
Washington, District of Columbia, January 29, 1835,
aged forty-two years. It was while attending his
funeral that President Jackson was fired at by a man
named Lawrence.
DaviSf William M, — Was born in Pennsylva-
nia, and elected a Representative from that State to
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on the District of Columbia.
Davy, John 3I» — Born in Ottawa, Ontario, June
29, 1835 ; removed with his parents, when a child, to
Monroe County, New York ; received a common-
school and academical education ; studied law, and
on coming to the bar in Rochester he was elected
District Attorney for Monroe County for three years ;
in 1872 he was appointed Collector of Customs for the
Port of Genesee, which he held until 1874, when he
was elected a Representative from New York to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
Daives, Henry L, — Born in Cummington,
Hampshire County, Massachusetts, October 30, 1816.
He graduated at Yale College in 1839, and adopted
the profession of law. He taught school for a time,
and edited a paper called the Greenfield Gazette. He
was a member of the Legislature of Massachusetts
during the years 1848, 1849, and 1852 ; of the State
Senate in 1850, and also of the State Constitutional
Convention in 1853. He was also District Attorney
for the Western District of his native State, from
1853 until elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, wherein
he served as a member of the Committee on Revolu-
tionary Claims ; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections ; re-
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Elections ; and was
re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving
again as Chairman of the Committee on Elections.
Re-elected to the Thirty -ninth Congress, continuing
at the head of the Committee on Elections, and serv-
ing on that on Weights and Measures. He was also
8
a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Conven-
tion " of 1866, and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress,
serving again at the head of the Committee on Elec-
tions ; also re-elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second,
and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the most im-
portant Committees ; and was elected a Senator in
Congress for the term commencing in 1875, and end-
ing in 1881.
Datvson^ John, — He graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1782 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1793 ;
was elected a Representative in Congress from Vir-
ginia from 1797 to 1814 ; served in one of the State
Conventions of Virginia, and in the General Assembly;
was a member of the Executive Council of Virginia ;
rendered service in the War of 1812, as Aid to the
Commanding General, on the Lakes ; and was ap-
pointed bearer of dispatches to France, in 1801, by
President Adams. He died in Washington City,
March 30, 1814, aged fifty two years.
Dawson, John J5. — He was born at Nashville,
Tennessee, in 1800, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Louisiana from 1841 to the time of his
death, which occurred at St. Francisville, Louisiana,
June 26, 1845. He had repeatedly served in the
Legislature of Louisiana ; was a Militia General of
the State ; and was Judge of the Parish Court in
which he resided before his election to Congress.
Datvson, John L, — He was born in Union-
town, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, February 7,
1813 ; was educated at Washington College ; adopted
the profession of law ; was appointed by Presi-
dent Polk, in 1845, United States Attorney for the
Western District of Pennsylvania ; was elected a
Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-
second and Thirty-third Congresses, serving during
the last term as Chairman of the Committee on Agri-
culture ; and in 1862 was re-elected to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee
on Foreign Affairs, and also of the Committee on
Public Lands. He was the author of the Homestead
Bill which passed in 1854 ; and a Delegate to the
Baltimore Conventions of 1844, 1848, and 1860, and
to the Cincinnati Convention of 1856, when, on the
part of Pennsylvania, he delivered the speech ac-
knowledging the nomination of Mr. Buchanan. He '
was appointed Governor of Kansas by President
Pierce, in 1855, but declined the appointment; re-
elected in 1864 to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving ;
on the Committees on Rules and Foreign Affairs ; was
a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868.
Died in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, September 18, ,
1870.
Dawson f William C, — Born in Greene County, ,
Georgia, January 4, 1798, and died May 5, 1856. He
graduated at Franklin College in 1816 ; studied law
at home and at Litchfield, Connecticut ; and having
been admitted to the bar, settled at Greensborough ;
in 1818, where he was eminently successful as a. jury
lawyer. He was for twelve years Clerk of the House. -
of Representatives of Georgia, and several times
Senator and Representative in the LegislatiKre. He-^
was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from
1837 to 1842 ; and in 1845 he was appointed ^Judge of
the Ockmulgee Circuit ; and from 1849 to 1855 he was
a Senator of the United States, where he served on
important Committees, and spoke on many questions
of national interest, and commanded a wide in-
fluence.
Dawson, William J,— A Repr^entative in
Congress from North Carolina from 1793 to 1795.
Day, Hotvland, — He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1816 and 1817, and was a Repre-
114
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
sentative in Congress from that State from 1823 to
1825, and again from 1833 to 1835.
Day, Thomas, — Born at New Preston, Connec-
ticut, in 1777 ; graduated at Yale College in 1797 ;
was tutor in Williams College in 1798; studied law,
and settled in Hartford in 1799 ; he was Assistant
Secretary of State in 1809, and Secretary in 1810 ; held
that office until 1835 : was Associate Judge of the
County Court from 1815 to 1825, when he was made
Chief Judge of that court, and held that office till
1833 ; was Judge of the City Court of Hartford from
1818 to 1831 ; was one of the Committee to prepare
the Statutes of 1808, and of 1821 and 1824; reported
the decisions of the Court of Errors, from 1805 to
1853, published in twenty volumes ; was an original
member of the Connecticut Historical Society, and
President of it from 1839 till his death ; also Presi-
ident of the Wadsworth Athenaeum and a liberal con-
tributor. Died at Hartford, March 1, 1855.
Day, Thnothy C. — He was born in Ohio, and
was elected a Representative from that State to the
Thirty-fourth Congress.
DayaUf Charles, — Born at Amsterdam, New
York, July 16, 1792 ; until fourteen years of age lie
worked in a mill ; at that time he began to study, and
was successful ; taught school for four winters at a
monthly price of two dollars per month ; studied law,
and was a successful practitioner for many years. He
was a Representative in Congress from New York
from 1831 to 1833 ; a State Senator in 1827 and 1828 ;
acting Lieutenant-Governor in 1829 ; and a member
of the Assembly in 1835 and 1836. He was also Dis-
trict Attorney for Lewis County for five years.
Dayton, Aaron O. — He was born in New Jer-
sey, and in 1838 he was appointed the Fourth Audi-
tor of the Treasury Department, and held the office
until 1859.
Dayton, Elias, — He was an officer of the Revo-
lution, and in 1778 was appointed by Congress Colo-
nel of the New Jersey Regiment, and at the close of
the war was promoted to Brigadier-General, and held
the office of Major-General of Militia. He was a Del-
egate to the Continental Congress from 1787 to 1788.
He died at Elizabethtown, July, 1807, aged seventy-
one years.
Dayton, J'onathan. — A native of New Jersey;
graduated at Princeton College in 1776 ; was a mem-
ber of the Convention, in 1787, which formed the
Constitution, and signed that instrument ; was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from 1791 to 1799 ; Speaker
of the House of Representatives from 1795 to 1797 ;
and was a Senator of the United States from New
Jersey from 1799 to 1805. He was a distinguished
statesman, and died at Elizabethtown, New Jersey,
October 9, 1824, aged about sixty-eight years.
Dayton, Nathan, — He was born in Western
New York in 1796 ; educated for the bar and became
prominent and influential ; was for many years a
Judge of the Supreme Court of the State ; and died
at Lockport, April 26, 1859.
Dayton, Williatn L, — Born in Somerset Coun-
ty, New Jersey, February 17, 1807 ; graduated at
Princeton College in 1825 ; was a lawyer by profes-
sion, having come to the bar in 1830 : was a member
of the State Senate of New Jersey in 1837 ; was ap-
poirrte'd one of the Justices of the Superior Court of
the State, February 28, 1838, and resigned said office
in 1841, and resumed the practice of law ; was a Sen-
ator* in Congress from 1842 to 1851. In 1856 he was
th-e Republican Candidate for Vice-President on the
ticket with J. C. Fremont. In March, 1857, was ap-
pointed Attorney-General of New Jersey, which office
he held until 1861, when he was appointed by Presi-
dent Lincoln Minister to France. He was also a Re-
gent of the Smithsonian Institution. Died in Paris,
December 2, 1864.
Deady, Mattheiv P, — He was born near
Easton, Talbot County, Maryland, May 12, 1824 ;
during his minority he lived in Maryland, Virginia,
and Ohio ; studied law, and came to the bar in the lat-
ter State in 1847 ; in 1849 he removed to Oregon,
where he engaged in teaching and practiced his pro-
fession ; in 1850 he was elected to the Lower House
of the Legislature of the Territory, and in 1851 to the
Upper House, serving as President ; in 1853 he was
appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of
the Territory, serving until the State was established,
when he was appointed Judge of the United States
District Court for Oregon, which position he held as
late as 1875. In 1857 he was elected a member of the
Constitutional Convention which formed the State
Constitution, and was President of that body ; in
1862 and 1864, by authority of the Legislature, he
prepared the Codes of Criminal and Civil Procedure,
and the Penal Code of the State ; in 1865 he published
the General Laws of the State, and assisted in the
same work in 1874.
Dean, Ezra, — He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from
1841 to 1845.
Dean, Gilbert, — Was born in Pleasant Valley,
Dutchess County, New York. In May, 1837, he en-
tered the Amenia Seminary, and in September of the
same year he went to Yale College, and graduated in
1841. He studied law in Pine Plains, and commenced
practice in Poughkeepsie in 1844, attaining eminence
in his profession ; and was elected a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1851 to 1853. Was
re-elected for a second term, but resigned in 1855 to
accept the office of Judge of the Supreme Court of
the State. In 1862 he was elected to the Assembly ;
and died at Poughkeepsie, in 1870.
Dean, tfosiah, — He was born in Baynham, Mas-
sachusetts, March 16, 1748 ; was a Presidential Elec-
tor in 1805 ; was a Representative in Congress from
Massachusetts from 1807 to 1809. From 1804 to 1807
he was a State Senator ; and, in 1810 and 1811, was a
member of the State Legislature. Died October 14,
1818.
Dean, Sidney, — He was born in Glastenbury,
Hartford County, Connecticut, November 16, 1818.
He received only a common-school education ; entered
upon active life as a manufacturer ; but subsequently
became a clergyman. He served one year in the
Legislature of Connecticut ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State in 1855, and re-
elected in 1857, officiating, during his first term, as
Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures,
and as a member of the Committee on the District of
Columbia. In 1860 he settled in Rhode Island as a
clergyman.
Deane, Silas, — Born at Groton, Connecticut, De-
cember 24, 1737 ; graduated at Yale College, 1758 ;
settled as a merchant in Wethersfield, Connecticut,
and was a Delegate to the Congress of 1774 ; in 1775
fitted out a large naval force for the Marine Commit-
tee ; in June, 1776, was commercial and political
Agent for the Committee of Secret Correspondence, to
operate in France, Holland, and Great Britain, to pro-
cure clothing, arms, and munitions of war for twenty-
five thousand men and one hundred field-pieces ; was
chosen by Congress Ambassador to France, with
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
115
Franklin and Jefferson, but, the tatter declining, Ar-
thur Lee took his place ; succeeded in negotiating
treaties with France, which were signed at Paris
February 6, 1778. He was given full credit for these
important services, and it was through him that La-
fayette was secured to our country's service. He
was, however, recalled November 21, 1777, on ac-
count of dissatisfaction in Congress at not being able
to meet the engagements which he had made with
foreign officers. This recall was accompanied by a
request to obtain information of the state of affairs in
Europe, and report immediately to Congress. He re-
ceived this dispatch March 4, 1778, and arrived at
home July 10, 1778. He soon saw that he was re-
garded with disfavor by Congress, and it was nearly
six weeks before any notice was taken of his attend-
ance. He was then required to give such a report of
his mission as obliged his return to France, which
much exasperated him, and caused a controversy with
influential members. He was discharged from further
attendance on Congress August 6, 1779, and a person
appointed to audit his accounts. He reached France
in 1780, and met with much delay on the part of the
person appointed to settle his accounts. He published
letters charging the French Cabinet with intrigue,
and, becoming obnoxious to them, withdrew to the
Netherlands, impoverished almost to penury. Im-
bittered and exasperated, he became estranged from
his country, and went to England. Dr. Franklin tes-
tified to his probity and honesty, but the enmity of
Lee prevailed against him in Congress, and was the
cause of his ruin. In 1842 his claims were adjusted
by Congress, and a large sum was paid over to his
heirs. His diplomatic correspondence, his "Narra-
tive," " An Address to the Free and Independent Citi-
zens of the United States," printed in Hartford and
London, and a volume entitled "Paris Papers, or
Deane's Late Intercepted Letters to His Brother and
other Friends," published in New York — all tend to
exonerate his conduct, and satisfy the reader of the
present day that he was a man of eminent ability and
misrepresented. He died in England, at Deal, August
23, 1789.
Dearborn^ Henri/, — Was a native of New
Hampshire, and settled in the practice of physic at
Portsmouth. He was a Captain in Stark's regiment
at the battle of Bunker Hill ; he accompanied Arnold
in the expedition through the wilderness of Maine to
Quebec ; he was captured by the British, and put into
close confinement, but in May, 1776, was permitted to
return on parole ; in March, 1777, he was exchanged ;
he served as a Major in the army under Gates, at the
capture of Burgoyne. He distinguished himself at
the battle of Monmouth by a gallant charge on the
enemy. Dearborn being sent to ask for further or-
ders,Washington inquired, by way of commendation,
" What troops are those ? " " Full-blooded Yankees
from New Hampshire, sir," was the reply. In 1779
he accompanied Sullivan in his expedition against the
Indians ; in 1780 he was with the army in New Jer-
sey ; in 1781 he was at Yorktown, at the surrender of
Cornwallis ; in 1789 Washington appointed him Mar-
shal of the District of Maine. He was elected a mem-
ber of Congress from Massachusetts from 1793 to
1797. In 1801 he was appointed Secretary of War,
and held the office till 1809, when he was appointed
to the office of Collector of Boston. In 1812 he re-
ceived a commission as senior Major-General in the
Army of the United States. In the spring of 1813 he
captured York, in Upper Canada, and Fort George, at
the mouth of the Niagara. He was recalled by Presi-
dent Madison in July. He was ordered to assume the
command of the military district of New York city.
In 1822 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to
Portugal ; two years after, he returned to America at
his own request. He died in 1829, aged seventy-eight
years.
Dearborn f Henri/ A» S, — Born in 1783, in Ex-
eter, New Hampshire ; was educated at William and
Mary College, Virginia, and commenced the study of
law in Washington, while his father was Secretary
of War under Jefferson. He finished his studies at
Salem, Massachusetts, and commenced to practice in
that city. He removed to Portland, and superin-
tended the erection of the forts in the harbor. He
was appointed Collector of Boston by President Mad-
ison (having been previously made Deputy Collector
by his father when Collector), as an inducement for
his father to accept the command of the army, and
he held the office until removed by General Jackson
in 1829. In 1812 he was Brigadier of Militia, and had
the command of the troops in Boston harbor. In
1821 was a member of the Convention for revising
the Constitution of Massachusetts. In 1829 was a
Representative in the Legislature from Roxbury ; and
the same year chosen Executive Councilor, and the
following year a State Senator. From 1831 to 1833
he was a Representative in Congress. He was soon
appointed Adjutant-General of Massachusetts, and
continued in that office till 1843, when he was re-
moved for lending some of the State arms during the
Dorr Rebellion in Rhode Island. In 1847 was chosen
Mayor of Roxbury, which office he held until his
death. While in the Custom-house in Boston he
wrote and published three volumes on the "Com-
merce of the Black Sea." He also wrote a biography
of Commodore Baiubridge. and one of his father ; a
book on Architecture, and a Life of Christ. He died
in Portland, JVIaine, July 29, 1851.
Deberrijf Edmund,— Born in Montgomery
County, North Carolina, August 14, 1787. He was
educated at the ordinary schools of the county, and
having entered public life, in 1806, as a member of the
State Legislature, he continued to serve there, with
occasional intermissions, until 1828 ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from North Carolina from
1829 to 1831, from 1833 to 1845, and again from 1849
to 1851. Died in his native county in 1859.
De Holt, Mezin A, — Born in Fairfield County,
Ohio, January 20, 1828 ; received a common-school
education and learned the trade of a tanner ; read
law, went to the bar in 1854, and removed to Mis-
souri in 1858 ; was for two years a Commissioner of
Public Schools ; entered the Volunteer Army as a Cap-
tain, and having been captured at Shiloh, spent more
than a year in a Southern prison ; on being released
he resigned his commission and resumed his profes-
sion ; re-entered the army in 1864, and saw some
service as a Major ; was elected Circuit Judge, and
continued in the office until elected a Representative
from Missouri to the Forty-fourth Congress.
De Sow, tfames D, D, — Born in Charleston,
South Carolina, July 10, 1820 ; graduated at Charles-
ton College in 1843 ; was previously employed for
seven years in a mercantile house, and afterwards
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Charles-
ton in 1844; but became editor of the Southern Quar-
terly Redieio ; an article by liim upon " Oregon and
the Oregon Question " attracted much attention and
occasioned a debate in the French Chamber of Depu-
ties. In 1845 he removed to New Orleans and estab-
lished De Bow's Commercial Review ; was Professor
of Political Economy and Commercial Statistics in
the Univ^ersity of Louisiana in 1848 ; and was for
three years the head of the Census Bureau of Louis-
iana ; in 1853 was appointed Superintendent of the
United States Census ; was President of the Commer-
cial Convention at Knoxville in 1857; he contributed
several articles to the " Encyclopedia Britanuica; " was
one of the founders of tlie Louisiana Historical So-
ciety, now the Academy of Science. He discontinued
the publication of the i^ei^fe^c during the civil war ;
116
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
and resumed it again in New York, and afterward at
Nashville. He was tlie author of " Encyclopedia of
the Trade and Commerce of the United States," and
" The Southern States, their Agriculture, Commerce,
etc.," and " Industrial Resources of the Southwest,"
and " Compendium of the Seventh United States
Census." Died in Elizabeth, New Jersey, February
27, 1867.
Defvees, John D, — He was born in Sparta,
Tennessee, November 10, 1810 ; after receiving a
year's schooling in a log school-house, he began at
the age of thirteen to learn the business of printing;
read law with Thomas Cor win in Ohio ; settled at
South Bend, Indiana, in 1831; served in the Legisla-
ture of that State for eight years ; was for many
years the owner and editor of the Indiana State
Journal, and in 1861 he was appointed by President
Lincoln, Superintendent of Public Printing. His
younger brother, Joseph H. Defrees, was a Represent-
ative in Congress.
Defrees f Joseph H, — He was born in Carthage,
White County, Tennessee, May 13, 1812 ; received a
good common-school education ; spent his early days
engaged in the printing business, but subsequently
turned his attention to merchandizing in Indiana ; in
1836 he was elected SherifE of Elkhart County, and
re-elected in 1838 ; in 1849 he was elected to the In-
diana Legislature ; in 1850 to the State Senate ; and
in 1864 he was chosen a Representative from Indi-
ana to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Banking and Currency, and Roads
and Canals.
DegeneVf JFldward, — He was born in Bruns-
wick, Germany, October 20, 1809 ; received an aca-
demic education in England and Germany ; was mem-
ber of a legislative body in Anhalt-Dessau, and a
member of the first German parliament in Frankfort;
came to the United States in 1850, and settled in Sis-
terdale, Texas, as a farmer ; was court-martialed and
imprisoned by the Confederates for his devotion to
the Union cause ; after his release he remained in
San Antonio and engaged in mercantile pursuits ;
was a member of the Constitutional Convention in
1866, in which he favored universal suffrage; was
again a member of the Constitutional Convention in
1868 ; and was elected to the Forty-first Congress,
serving on several Committees.
DeGrafff John I, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829, and
again from 1837 to 1839.
DeitZf William, — He was born in Schoharie
County, New York, and was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1814 and 1815 ; a Representative
in Congress from that State from 1825 to 1827 ; and
a State Senator from 1830 to 1833.
De Jarnette, Daniel C, — Born in Caroline
County, Virginia, in 1822 ; received a liberal educa-
tion ; adopted the occupation of a farmer ; served
many years in the Legislature of Virginia ; and was
elected a Representative from that State to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-
seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the
District of Columbia. Withdrew in 1861.
Delahay, Marh TF.— He was an early emi-
grant^ to Kansas, and was appointed United States
J udge of the United States District Court for the
District of Kansas,
Delano, Charles, Born in Braintree, Massa-
chusetts, in 1^0 ; graduated at Amherst College in
1840 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1842 ; in
1850 he was appointed Treasurer of Hampshire
County ; and he was elected a Representative from
Massachusetts to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv-
ing as a member of the Committee on Revolution-
ary Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh
Congress.
Delano, Columbus, — He was bom in Shore-
ham, Vermont, in 1809 ; removed to Mount Vernon,
Ohio, in 1817 ; was admitted to the bar in 1831, and
became eminently successful, both as a criminal prose-
cutor and an advocate. In 1844 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from Ohio to the Twenty-ninth Congress,
and served on the Committee on Invalid Pensions.
In 1847 he was a candidate for Governor, but lacked
two votes of a nomination. In 1860 he was a Delegate
to the Chicago Convention. In 1861 he was appointed
Commissary-General of Ohio, and filled the office with
great success until the general government assumed
the subsistence of all State troops. In 1862 he was a
candidate for United States Senator, but again lacked
two votes of nomination. In 1863 he was elected to
the House of Representatives of Ohio, and was a
prominent member of that body, taking a leading
part in shaping the important legislation of that ses-
sion. In 1864 he was a member of the Baltimore Con-
vention, and Chairman of the Ohio Delegation, zeal-
ously supporting President Lincoln and Andrew John-
son. He was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on Claims.
Having relinquished the practice of his profession, lie
became extensively engaged in agricultural pursuits,
and the business of banking. He was also a Delegate
to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ;
and, in 1868, having contested the seat of G. W. Mor-
gan for the Fortieth Congress, he was successful, and
became a member of the House. After leaving Con-
gress he was appointed Commissioner of Internal Rev-
enue ; also appointed Secretary of the Interior Depart-
ment by President Grant, in 1870, and resigned in
1875.
Delajylaine, Isaac C, — He was bom in New
York, and was elected a Representative from that
State to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the
Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds.
De Large, Mohert C, — Bom in Aiken, South
Carolina, March 15, 1842 ; bred a farmer ; was agent
of the Freedmen's Bureau in 1867 ; in 1868 he was
elected to the State Constitutional Convention ; was a
member of the State Legislature from 1868 to 1870 ;
was one of the State Commissioners of the Sinking
Fund ; elected, in 1870, State Land Commissioner ;
and he was elected to the Forty-second Congress.
De Lisle, Moreau, — He was appointed, in 1808
by President Jefferson, United States Judge for the
Territory of Orleans.
Dellet, Jannes, — He was a native of Ireland, and
one of the early graduates of the University of South
Carolina, having left it in 1810 ; he adopted the pro-
fession of law, coming to the bar in 1813 ; was a Com-
missioner in Equity ; removed to Alabama in 1818,
where he was appointed a Judge of the Circuit Court,
and frequently represented his county in the State
Legislature, and was a Representative in Congress
from Alabama from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843
to 1845. He died at Claibourne, December 21, 1848,
aged sixty years.
Delmar, Aleocander, — He was bom in New
York, August 9, 1836 ; was editor of the Social Science
Review, in 1864 ; in 1866 he was appointed Director of
the Bureau of Statistics, which he assisted in organ-
izing, holding the office until it was abolished ; he
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
117
subsequently devoted some attention to literary pur-
suits, and printed an account of his experience in the
Treasury Department, as well as several works on po-
litical economy.
De LfOnfff diaries E. — He was a citizen of Ne-
vada ; appointed Minister Resident to Japan, in 1869,
and, in 1870, commissioned as Minister Plenipotentiary
to the same country, where he remained until 1873,
and returned to the United States.
Denting, Benjamin F. — He was born at Dan-
ville, Vermont ; received a common-school education ;
served a number of years as a clerk in a store ; was
Clerk of the Court in his native county for sixteen
years ; and was elected a Representative in Congress
from Vermont for the term from 1833 to 1835, but
died at Saratoga Springs, whither he had gone for his
health, July 11, 1834.
Denting, Henry C, — He was born in Connecti-
cut ; graduated at Yale College in 1836, and at the
Law School of Harvard College in 1838 ; he was a
member of the Connecticut Legislature in 1849 and
1850, and also from 1859 to 1861, serving as Speaker
during the latter year. In 1851 he was a member of
the State Senate. He subsequently presided over the
City of Hartford as Mayor for six years. In 1861, as
Colonel of the Twelfth Regiment of Connecticut
Volunteers, he went to New Orleans, and participated
in the capture of that city. In October, 1862, he was
appointed Mayor of New Orleans, which position he
held until February, 1863, when he resigned both
that oflBce and his commission in the army, and re-
turned home. Two months afterwards he was elected
a Representative from Connecticut to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Mili-
tary Affairs, and as Chairman of the Committee on
Expenditures in the War Department, Re-elected to
the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee
on the Death of President Lincoln, as well as on his
former Committees ; and was one of the Represent-
atives appointed to attend the funeral of General
Scott, in 1866. He was also a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. He was
subsequently appointed a Collector of Internal Rev-
enue, and died in Hartford, October 9, 1872.
De Mottf John, — He was born in New Jersey ;
was a member of the New York Assembly in 1833 ;
and a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1845 to 1847.
DeniOf IIirani,--'BoTji in Rome, New York,
May 21, 1799 ; received an academical education,
studied law, and came to the bar in 1821 ; in 1825 he
was appointed District Attorney, and held the position
nine years, residing in Utica ; in 1834 appointed
Judge of the Fifth Circuit in the State ; in 1853 he
was appointed a Judge of the Court of Appeals, serv-
ing by re-elections until 1866, and obtaining a very
high reputation for judicial ability. Published Re-
ports of the Supreme Court of New York, from 1845
to 1848, five volumes ; " Revised Statutes of New
York," fourth edition, two volumes, 1852 ; by Denio
and William Tracy. Among his other public posi-
tions were those of Clerk of the Supreme Court,
Bank Commissioner, and Trustee of Hamilton Col-
lege ; and he received from the latter institution the
degree of LL.D. Died in Utica, November 5, 1871.
Denison, Charles, — Was born in Wyoming
Valley, Pennsylvania, January 23, 1818 ; graduated
at Dickinson College in 1829 ; adopted and practiced
the profession of law ; and was elected a Represent-
ative from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee of Indian AfEairs.
Re-elected to tJie Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Indian Affairs and Expenditures
in the Navy Department. Re-elected to the Fortieth
Congress, but died in Wilkesbarre, June 27, 1867.
Denison, Dudley C — Born in Royalton, Ver-
mont, September 13, 1819 ; educated at the Univer-
sity of Vermont ; adopted the profession of law ; was
elected to the State Legislature, and also to the Sen-
ate ; was for a time District Attorney for the United
States, and in 1874 was elected a Representative from
Vermont to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Denning, William, — He was elected a Repre-
sentative from New York to the Eleventh Congress,
but did not qualify, having resigned.
Dennis, George R, — He was born in White
Haven, Somerset County, Maryland, April 8, 1822 ;
graduated at the Polytechnic Institute of Troy, New
York, and entered the University of Virginia ; studied
medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and
graduated in 1843 ; practiced his profession for many
years, but retired, and has since devoted his attention
principally to agricultural pursuits ; was President
of the Eastern Shore Railroad ; was a Delegate from
the State at large to the National Whig Convention,
at Philadelphia, in 1856, and also to the Democratic
National Convention, at New York, in 1868, serving
as one of the Vice-Presidents of that body ; was
elected to the State Senate of Maryland in 1854, to
the House of Delegates in 1867, and again to the Sen-
ate in 1871 ; and was elected to the United States Sen-
ate for the term commencing in 1873 and ending in
1879, serving on the Committees on Commerce, Claims,
and Senate Expenses.
Dennis, tTohn, — He was born in Somerset
County, Maryland, December 17, 1771 ; educated at
Princeton College ; studied law, and came to the bar ;
was elected a Representative in Congress from Mary-
land in 1796 ; and was re-elected to the five succes-
sive Congresses, and was a prominent member of the
Judiciary Committee. He died in Philadelphia, August
17, 1807, soon after ending his honorable career in
Congress. His son bearing the same name was also
a member of Congress.
Dennis, John, — He was born in Somerset
County, Maryland, in 1807 ; was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1837 to 1841. He was
also twice elected to the State Legislature, and was a
member of the Maryland State Convention in 1850.
He was educated for the bar, but relinquished pro-
fessional life for the pursuits of agriculture. Died of
consumption, November 1, 1859 ; son of John Dennis,
who was a member of Congress.
Dennis, Littleton JP. — He graduated at Yale
College in 1803 ; served many years in the Legisla-
ture of Maryland, and was elected a Representative
to Congress from Maryland in 1833 ; died at Wash-
ington, April 14, 1834, before the expiration of his
term in Congress. He was a Presidential Elector
in 1800, 1812, 1816, 1824, and 1828.
Dennison, George, — He was born in Luzerne
County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1819 to 1823. He
was for many years Register and Recorder of Luzerne
County, and, before as well as after his service in
Congress, was frequently returned to the Legislature,
and died at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, in 1831,
while in office.
Dennison, William,— Born in Cincinnati,
Ohio, November 23, 1815 ; graduated at the Miami
University in 1835 ; studied law and came to the bar
in 1840 ; settled in Columbus, where he practiced his
118
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
profession until 1848 ; during that year lie was elect-
ed to tlie Legislature ; in 1852 lie was a Presidential
Elector ; and about that time was made President of
the Exchange Bank of Columbus, and also President
of the Columbus and Xenia Railroad Company ; in
1856 he was a Delegate to the " Pittsburg Conven-
tion," which inaugurated the Republican party, and
took an active part in its proceedings ; was also a
Delegate to the "Philadelphia Convention" of the
same year ; in 1860 and 1861 he was Governor of Ohio,
and did much toward organizing the Volunteer Army
for subduing the Rebellion ; he was Cliairman of the
"Ohio Convention" held in 1863 ; a Delegate to the
" Baltimore Convention " of 1864, over which he
presided as President ; and in October, 1864, he
became a member of President Lincoln's Cabinet as
Postmaster-General, which position he resigned. In
1874 he was appointed one of the Commissioners for
the Government of the District of Columbia.
Denny f A.rthlir JL, — He was born in Indiana in
1822 ; went with his parents to Knox County, Illinois,
when fourteen years of age ; was for eight years
Surveyor of Knox County. In 1851 lie removed to
the Pacific coast, and settled at Puget's Sound, in
what is now called Washington Territory. He was a
member of the Territorial Legislature from 1853 to
1861 ; four years Register of the Land Office at
Olympia ; and was elected a Delegate from Washing-
ton Territory to the Thirty-ninth Congress.
Denny, Ilcvrmar, — Born in Pittsburg, Penn-
sylvania, in 1794; graduated at Dickinson College ;
was a member of the Legislature of his native State,
and a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1837 ;
and a member of the Convention which formed the
present Constitution of Pennsylvania. He died in
Pittsburg, January 29, 1852.
DenoyelleSf Peter. — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1813 to 1815.
Dent, George, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland from 1793 to 1801, and was
appointed in the latter year United States Marshal for
the Potomac District. During the third session of the
Fifth Congress he was elected Speaker of the House
of Representatives.
Dent, Willianz J5. W, — He was born in Mary-
land, and was a Representative in Congress from
Georgia from 1853 to 1855.
Denver, James W, — Born in Winchester, Vir-
ginia, in 1818. When quite young he emigrated to
Ohio with his parents ; received a good education ; in
1841 he went to Missouri, where he taught school and
studied law ; he served in the Mexican War as a Cap-
tain, under appointment from President Polk ; in
1850 he went to California, where he was appointed
a member of a Relief Committee to protect emigrants,
and afterwards Secretary of State of California ; he
was a Representative from California in the Thirty-
fourth Congress ; by President Buchanan he was ap-
pointed the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, which
office he resigned to accept the appointment of Gover-
nor of the Territory of Kansas, which position he re-
signed in November, 1858, and was reappointed Com-
missioner of Indian Affairs. Resigned, March, 1859.
He was also a Delegate to the Cleveland " Soldiers'
Convention " of 1866 ; and settled in Washington
City as an Attorney-at-Law.
Derhigny, JPeter,— In 1820 he was one of three
Commissioners to revise the laws of Louisiana ; and
was Governor of that State from 1828 to his death,
which occurred October 6, 1829.
Desaussure, Henry W. — Born in 1764 ; was a
lawyer by profession ; was engaged in the defense of
Charleston during the Revolutionary War, and after
the organization of the United States Government
Avas appointed by Washington Director of the Mint ;
he filled this office a short time, and returned to
Charleston to resume the practice of law, and rose
to eminence ; was Chancellor of South Carolina
from 1808 to 1837. He published four volumes of
Equity Reports, which contain the early decisions of
the Equity Court of South Carolina ; and delivered
an oration before the South Carolina Historical
Society, July 4, 1798. Died in Charleston, South
Carolina, March 29, 1839.
Desaussure, William F. — He was born in
Charleston, South Carolina, in 1792 ; graduated at
Harvard University in 1810; adopted the profession
of law, and was a Senator in Congress from his
native State from 1852 to 1853.
Deshaf tToseph, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
December 9, 1768, and emigrated to Kentucky in
1781 ; in 1794 he served as a volunteer in the expedi-
tion against the Indians, under General Wayne ;
served for a time in the State Legislature ; fought at
the battle of the Thames as a Major-General ; was a
Representative in Congress from Kentucky from
1807 to 1819; was Governor of Kentucky for four
years from 1824 ; and died at Georgetown, Kentucky,
October 13, 1842.
Desha, Mohert, — He was a prominent merchant
of Mobile, and a Representative in Congress from
Tennessee from 1827 to 1831. He was the brother of
Joseph Desha. He died February 8, 1849.
Destrihan, John Noel, — He was a Senator
in Congress from Louisiana for- a part of the year
1812.
Dewart, Dewis,—B.e was a native of Pennsyl-
vania, and a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1831 to 1833.
Deivart, William L, — He was born in Penn-
sylvania ; was a lawyer by profession, and was a
member of the Thirty-fifth Congress from his native
State. He was Chairman of the Committee on Un-
finished Business.
Deweese, John T, — He was born in Crawford
County, Arkansas, June 4, 1835 ; studied law and
adopted that profession ; entered the Volunteer Army
in 1861 ; promoted to the rank of Colonel in 1863 ;
and after the war was commissioned a Lieutenant in
the Regular Army, and stationed in North Carolina.
After holding the office of Register in Bankruptcy
for a time, he was elected a Representative from
North Carolina to the Fortieth Congress, serving on
the Committee on the Militia ; and in 1868, he was
re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the
Committees on Indian Affairs, Revolutionary Pen-
sions, and as Chairman of those on the Interior
Department and Revolutionary Pensions, but left
under a cloud.
Dewey, Daniel, — Born in Sheffield, Massachu-
setts, January 29, 1766 ; was a lawyer, having studied
under Theodore Sedgwick, and attained a high
rank in his profession. He was a member of the
Council of the State, and a Representative in Congress
from Massachusetts in 1813 and 1814, when he
resigned ; was appointed Judge of the Supreme
Court of Massachusetts in 1814. He died June 3,
1815.
Dewey, Nelson, — He was the first Governor of
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
119
Wisconsin after it became a State, serving as such
from 1848 until 1851.
JDe Wittf Alexander,— Born in Worcester
County, Massaclmsetts. April 2, 1797 ; was a Repre-
sentative in the Massachusetts Legislature from 1830
to 1836 ; devoted himself to the manufacturing busi-
ness ; was a Bank President ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Massachusetts from 1853 to
1857. He was also a State Senator in 1842, 1844,
1850, and 1851 ; and a member of the Constitutional
Convention of 1853.
JDe Wittf Charles, — He was born in 1728, was a
Delegate from New York to the Continental Con-
gress from 1783 to 1785 ; and died at Kingston, New
York, in September, 1787.
De Wittf Charles G. — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1829 to 1831 and
appointed Charge d'Ajffaires for Central America in
1833. Died at Newburg, April 13, 1839.
JDe Witt, JDavid JJHiller, — He was born in
Paterson, New Jersey, November 25, 1837 ; graduated
at Rutgers College, New Brunswick, in 1858 ; studied
law in New York and Brooklyn, and practiced his
profession ; was elected District Attorney of Ulster
County in 1862, and re-elected in 1865 ; and was
elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the
Committee on Private Land Claims.
De Witt, Jacob H, — He was born in Ulster
County, New York, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1819 to 1821 ; and a mem-
ber of the New York Assembly in 1839 and in 1847. He
died at Kingston, New York, January 30, 1857, aged
seventy-three years.
De Wolfe, tTames, — He was a Senator of the
United States from Rhode Island from 1821 to 1825,
wiien he resigned, and died in the City of New York,
December 21, 1837, aged seventy-four years.
Dexter, Samuel, — Was a native of Massachu-
setts, and born May 14, 1761 ; he graduated at Har-
vard College in 1781 ; and, having studied law at
Worcester with Levi Lincoln, he soon rose to profes-
sional eminence. He was a member of the House of
Representatives in Congress from Massachusetts,
from 1793 to 1795, and was elected to the Senate,
serving from 1799 to 1800. During the administra-
tion of John Adams he was appointed Secretary of
War in 1800, and Secretary of the Treasury in Janu-
ary, 1801 ; and, for a short time, also had the charge
of the Department of State. On the accession of Mr.
Jefferson to the Presidency he held the office of Sec-
retary of the Treasury, and not complying with an
intimation to resign, Mr. Gallatin was appointed in
his place. In 1812 he abandoned the party to which
he had always been attached, and became a leader on
the other side, and, as such, was a candidate for
Governor of Massachusetts, in 1815 and 1816, in op-
position to Governor Brooks. A mission to Spain was
offered him, by President Madison, in 1815. He died
May 3, 1816, in Athens, New York. He was a warm
advocate of temperance, and published various papers
on science, freemasonry, and politics.
Dihrell, George G, — Born on a farm in White
County, Tennessee, April 12, 1822 ; was educated at
Knoxville College ; in 1840 was elected Clerk of the
Bank of Tennessee, at Sparta ; in 1846 he declined a
re-election and engaged in mercantile business ; in
1848 was made Clerk of the County Court ; was re-
elected three times successively, but resigned in 1860.
In 1861 he was elected as Union candidate for the
Convention ; in August of the same year was elected
to the Legislature, but volunteered in the Confederate
service. In 1862 he raised a regiment of cavalry, and
served till 1863 in General Forrest's Brigade ; was
made Brigadier-General in 1864. Took charge of the
archives at Greensborough after the surrender;
returned to his farm after the war ; and in 1869 was
chosen a Delegate to the State Constitutional Conven-
tion, and was elected President of the South-western
Railroad. In 1874 he was elected a Representative
from Tennessee to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Dick, John, — He was a citizen of Louisiana, and
in 1821 he was a[)pointed Judge of the United States
Court for the District of Louisiana.
Dick, John, — Was born in Pennsylvania, was
bred a merchant ; and was a member of Congress
from said State in 1854 and 1855 ; and was re-elected
to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serv-
ing as a member of the Committee on Accounts.
Dick, Robert JP, — He was born in North Caro-
lina, resided in Greensborough, and in 1872 he was
appointed United States Judge for the Western Dis-
trict of North Carolina.
Dick, Samuel, — He was a physician, and a Del-
egate to the Continental Congress from New Jersey
in 1783 and 1784. Died in New Jersey in Novem-
ber, 1812.
Dickens, Asbury, — He was born in North Car-
olina in 1773 ; received a good education ; spent his
early life in Philadelphia ; afterwards spent several
years in Europe ; was a clerk in the Treasury Depart-
ment under Secretary Crawford ; Chief Clerk of the
State Department under Secretary Van Buren, and he
was Secretary of the United States Senate from 1836
to 1861. Died in Washington, October 23, 1861.
Dickens, Samuel, — A Representative in Con-
gress from North Carolina during the years 1816 and
1817.
Dicker son, JMCahlon, — Born in Morris County,
New Jersey, April 17, 1770 ; graduated at Princeton
College in 1789 ; studied law, and in early life re-
sided in Pennsylvania, where he was Recorder of
the City of Philadelphia, and subsequently Quarter-
master-General of the State ; he returned to New
Jersey, and was elected to the Legislature of that
State. He was Judge of the Supreme Court of
New Jersey, and was elected Governor of that
State in 1815, and held the office until 1817, when he
was chosen United States Senator from New Jersey,
and continued in that office for sixteen years, serving
as Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures, as
well as others. In 1834 he became Secretary of the
Navy in the Cabinet of President Jackson, and held
that office until 1838, some two years after the
accession of President Van Buren. For two years he
was President of the American Institute. Before en-
tering the Navy Department he was appointed Minis-
ter to Russia, but declined. He died in Morris Coun-
ty, New Jersey, October 5, 1853, having in his later
years been extensively engaged in the iron business.
Dickerson, JPhilemon, — He was the brother
of Mahlon Dickerson, a native of New Jersey, and a
Representative in Congress from the Paterson District
in that State from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1839
to 1841. In 1836 he was Governor of New Jersey,
and was subsequently appointed Judge of the United
States District Court for New Jersey. Died at Pater-
son, New Jersey, December 10, 1862, aged about
seventy years.
Dickey f Jesse C — He was born in Pennsyl-
120
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1849 to 1851.
Dickey f fTohn. — He was a member of Congress
from Pennsylvania from 1843 to 1845, and from 1847
to 1849 ; and, at the time of his death, was United
States Marshal for Western Pennsylvania. He died
in Beaver County, March 14, 1853.
Dickei/f Oliver tT, — He was born in Brighton,
* Beaver County, Pennsylvania, April 6, 1823 ; passed
through the junior year at Dickinson College ; studied
law in Lancaster ; never held any public office, except
District Attorney for Lancaster County from 1856 to
1859 ; was elected to fill the vacancy in the Fortieth
Congress caused by the death of Thaddeus Stevens,
with whom he had studied law ; was elected to the
Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving on
the Committees on Appropriations and the Navy De-
partment.
Dic7cei/f T, Lyle. — He was a citizen of Illinois,
from which State he was in 1866 appointed Assistant
Attorney-General of the United States, serving in the
ofl&ce only about a year.
Dickinson^ Anclreiv J5. — He was a citizen of
New York, and in 1861 was appointed Minister
Resident to Nicaragua, where he remained until
1869. He received two commissions, the last one
making him Minister Extraordinary.
Dickinson., Daniel S. — He was born in Goshen,
Litchfield County, Connecticut, September 11, 1800 ;
removed with his father to Chenango County, New
York, in 1806 ; received a common-school education ;
in 1821 he entered upon the duties of a school-
teacher, and, without the aid of an instructor, mas-
tered the Latin language, and became versed in the
higher branches of mathematics and other sciences.
He studied law, came to the bar in 1830, and settled
in Binghamton, where he long practiced his profes-
sion with success. In 1836 he was elected to the
State Senate, serving from 1837 to 1840 ; was Judge
of the Court of Errors from 1836 to 1841 ; from 1842
to 1844 he was President of said Court, Lieutenant-
Governor, and also President of the Senate ; was a
Regent of the University of New York in 1843 ; was
a member of the Convention which nominated J. K.
Polk for President, and a Presidential Elector in
1844 ; he was a Senator in Congress from New
York from 1844 to 1851, serving on important Com-
mittees, originating and ably supporting several im-
portant measures. He was also a Delegate to the
Baltimore Conventions of 1848 and 1852. In 1861 he
was elected Attorney-General of the State of New
York ; was a Delegate to the " Baltimore Convention "
of 1864 ; and in 1865 he was appointed by President
Lincoln United States District Attorney for the South-
ern District of New York ; and died suddenly in that
city, April 12, 1866. Before accepting his last pub-
lic position he declined several appointments tendered
to him by the President of the United States and the
Governor of New York. His "Life and Works"
were published in 1867, in two volumes.
Dickinson f David W, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Tennessee from 1833 to 1835 ;
and again from 1843 to 1845, and died at Franklin,
Tennessee, April 27, of the latter year.
Dickinson^ Edward. — He was born in Am-
herst, Massachusetts, January 1, 1803, and his father,
S. F. , was the founder of the college at that place.
He graduated at Yale College in 1823 ; studied law,
and came to the bar in 1826 ; was made Treasurer of
Amherst College, and held the position many years ;
was a member of the State Legislature in 1838 and
1839 ; of the State Senate in 1842 and 1843 ; of the
Governor's Council in 1846 and 1847 ; a Representa-
tive in Congress from 1853 to 1855 ; and re-elected to
the State Legislature in 1873. On the day of his
death (June 16, 1874) he delivered a speech on the
railroad interests of Massachusetts.
Dickinson^ Edward F, — Born in Fremont,
Ohio, January 21, 1829 ; graduated at St. Xavier
College in Cincinnati ; adopted the profession of law ;
served three years in the Union Army as a Lieutenant
and Regimental Quartermaster ; was elected Judge
of Probate for Sandusky County in 1866 ; and elected
a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-first Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Mines and Mining.
Dickinson^ tfohn, — He was born in Maryland,
November 13, 1732 ; studied law in Philadelphia, and
spent three years at the Temple in London. On his
return to America he commenced to practice in Phila-
delphia. In 1764 he was a member of the Assembly,
and in 1765 of the General Congress. He was a Dele-
gate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776,
and opposed the Declaration of Independence, fearing
the strength of the country insufficient to take so im-
portant a stand, but was the only member of Congress
to face the enemy a few days after the publication of
the Declaration. From 1776 to 1777 he was a Dele-
gate to Congress from Delaware, and again from 1779
to 1780, and signed the Articles of Confederation as
well as the Constitution. In 1781 he was President
of that State. In 1782 he was chosen President of
Pennsylvania, and filled that office until 1785. In
1767 he began to publish his letters against taxation,
and wrote the greater portion of the State papers of
the First Congress. His collected writings were pub-
lished in 1801. He died February 14, 1808, aged
seventy-five, at Wilmington. His writings were nu-
merous and proved him to be a man of very superior
ability.
Dickinson, John D, — He was born in Middle-
sex County, Connecticut, in 1767 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1785 ; and was a member of Congress from
New York from 1819 to 1823, and again from 1827 to
1831 ; and died at Troy, January 28, 1841.
DickinsoUf Philemon, — In army of New Jer-
sey, having been born near Dover, Delaware, April 5,
1739 ; was an officer in the American Revolution, and
enjoyed a great reputation for courage and zeal in the
cause of liberty. He commanded the Jersey Militia
at the battle of Monmouth. He was a Delegate from
Delaware to the Continental Congress, from 1782 to
1783 ; and after the organization of the National
Government in its present form, he was appointed a
Senator in Congress from 1790 to 1793. Having dis-
charged in a satisfactory manner the duties of the
several civil and military stations which he held, he
enjoyed several years of retirement from public life,
and died at Trenton, February 4, 1809.
Dickinson, Rudolphus, — He was born in
Massachusetts, and, having removed to Ohio, was
elected a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1847 to 1849. Died in August, 1849.
Dickson, David, — He was a member of Con-
gress from Mississippi in 1835 and 1836, and died at
Little Rock, Arkansas, July 31, 1836.
Dickson, John, — He graduated at Middlebury
College in 1808 ; was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1831 to 1835, and died at West
Bloomfield, New York, February 22, 1852.
Dickson, Samuel, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York during the Thirty-fourth
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
121
Congress. He died at his residence in New Scotland,
New York, May 3, 1858, in consequence of spinal in-
juries received while in the faithful discharge of his
public duties at Washington. He had been bred a
physician, and was universally respected.
DicUsofif William, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Tennessee from 1801 to 1807.
Dillingha^n, Paul, Jr, — He was bom in
Shutesbur'y, Franklin County, Massachusetts, Au-
gust, 1800 ; removed to Waterbury, Vermont, with
his father, in 1805 ; received a good education ;
adopted the profession of law, and was admitted to
practice in Washington County in 1834. He was
Town Clerk of Waterbury from 1829 to 1844, and
Justice of the Peace eighteen years. He was State's
Attorney for Washington County from 1835 to 1838 ;
and was a member of the Constitutional Convention
in 1836 and 1837. He was a Representative to the
General Assembly six years, and State Senator in
1841 and 1842 ; and elected a Representative in Con-
gress from 1843 to 1847, and was a member of the
Committee on the Judiciary. He has since that time
devoted himself to the practice of his profession ;
and was elected Governor of Vermont for the year
1866.
Dillon, fTohfl F, — He was born in Washington
County, New York, December 25, 1831; went to Iowa
with his parents when eight years of age ; studied
law, and came to the bar in 1852 ; in that year he was
elected Prosecuting Attorney ; in 1858, Judge of the
Seventh Judicial District of Iowa ; re-elected in 1862
for a second term, but before its expiration he was
elected to the Supreme Bench for six years ; he did
not qualify, however, because in 1869 he was commis-
sioned United States Circuit Judge for the Eighth
Judicial Circuit. He is the author of a work on
" Municipal Corporations," published in 1873. in two
volumes, and also of two volumes of " United States
Circuit Court Reports."
Dimafi, Syron, — He was Governor of Rhode
Island for one year, beginning with 1846.
Dimitry, Alexander, — He was a native of
Louisiana, and a man of uncommon culture ; he was
at one time a translator in the Department of State ;
and in 1859 he was appointed Minister Resident to
Costa Rica and Nicaragua, where he remained until
1861. ^
Dimmich, Milo iHf,— He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1849 to 1853. Died at Mauch Chunk,
November 21, 1872.
Dimmickf William H, — He was born in Mil-
ford, Pike County, Pennsylvania, December 20,
1815 ; he received an academical education, and
adopted the profession of law. He was Prosecuting
Attorney for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for
I Wayne County in 1836 and 1837 ; was a member of
the State Senate in 1845, 1846, and 1847 ; and was
elected a Representative from Pennsylvania in the
Thirty-fifth Congress, officiating as Chairman of the
Joint Committee on the Library. He was also re-
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Printing. Died at Honesdale, Penn-
sylvania, August 2, 1861.
JDimocJCf Davis f Jr, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1841 to 1842.
Died January 13, 1842.
Dimondf Francis M, — He was Governor of
Rhode Island for one year, beginning with 1853.
Dingley, kelson,— Bom in Durham, Maine,
February 15, 1832 ; prosecuted his studies at Water-
ville College, but graduated at Dartmouth College in
1855 ; studied law, and though admitted to the bar,
never practiced the profession ; in 1856 he became the
proprietor and editor of the Lewiston Journal ; be-
tween the years 1862 and 1873 he was six times
elected to the State Legislature, serving as Speaker
in 1863 and 1864 ; in 1873 and also in 1874 he was
elected Governor of Maine. Still retains his connec-
tion with the Lewiston Journal.
Dinsmoor, Samuel, — He was born at London-
derry, New Hampshire, in 1766 ; graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1789 ; was for many years a Major-
General of Militia ; a Presidential Elector in 1821 ;
and a Representative in Congress from New Hamp-
shire from 1811 to 1813 ; a Judge of Probate ; and
served as Governor of his native State during the years
1831, 1832, and 1833. He died at Keene, March 15, 1835.
Dinsmoor f Samuel, — Son of the preceding ;
born in Keene, New Hampshire, May 8, 1799 ; gradu-
ated at Dartmouth College in 1814; studied law, and
came to the bar in 1818 ; in 1819 he visited Arkansas
Territory, where he remained a few years ; from 1826
to 1831 he was Clerk of the New Hampshire Senate ;
was Governor of that State from 1849 to 1853 ; and
died at Keene, February 24, 1869.
Disney f David T, — He was a native of Balti-
more, Maryland, and removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, in
1820. He was frequently a member of both branches
of the State Legislature of Ohio, and three times
elected Speaker. He represented his adopted State in
Congress from 1849 to 1855. He died in Washington,
March 14, 1857, aged fifty-four years.
Diven, Alexander S, — He was born at the
head of Seneca Lake, Town of Catharine, and County
of Tioga, New York, February 15, 1809 ; received an
academical education ; studied law, and adopted that
profession ; was a Senator in the New York Legisla-
ture in 1858 ; and was elected a Representative from
New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as
a member of the Committee on the Judiciary.
DiXf tToJm A, — Bom in Boscawen, New Hamp-
shire, July 24, 1798. He commenced his education
by attending the academies at Salisbury and Exeter ;
spent one year in a French College at Montreal ; and,
in 1812, was appointed a cadet in the army, but, in-
stead of going to West Point, preferred to join the
army on the frontier as an Ensign ; and in 1813 he
was Acting- Adjutant of an independent battalion.
In 1819 he was Aid-de-Camp to Major-General Brown,
but devoted his leisure to the study of law ; from
that time until 1828, he visited Cuba and traveled in
Europe for his health, when he settled at Coopers-
town as a lawyer. In 1831 he was Adjutant-General
under Governor Throop ; in 1833 he was appointed
Secretary of State of New York, and was a Regent of
the State University ; in 1841 he was elected to the
Assembly from Albany ; and after making another
visit abroad, was elected to the United States Senate,
where he served from 1845 to 1849. In 1820 he re-
ceived from Brown University the Degree of Master
of Arts, and in 1845, from Geneva College, the De-
gree of Doctor of Laws. In 1852 he published a
book entitled * ' A Winter in Madeira . " In 1 860 he was
appointed by President Buchanan, Postmaster of
New York ; and in January, 1861, was appointed by
Mr. Buchanan Secretary of the Treasury. He served
in 1861 and 1862 as a Major-General of Volunteers,
and was appointed to the same position in the regular
army. On the organization of the Pacific Railroad
Company he was elected its President. In 1866 he
was a Delegate to the " National Union Convention,"
122
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
held in Philadelpliia ; was appointed by President
Johnson Minister to the Netherlands, but declined ;
a few weeks later was appointed Naval Officer for
the port of New York, from which position he was
soon transferred to France as Minister Plenipoten-
tiary. He was also Governor of New York from 1873
to 1875.
Dixoiif Archibald, — Was born in Caswell
County, North Carolina, April 2, 1802, and removed
with his father to Henderson County, Kentucky, in
1805. He received only a plain English education at
the County schools, but made good use of his advan-
tages, and at the age of twenty entered upon the
study of law, and acquired considerable reputation as
a lawyer. In 1830 he was a Representative in the
Legislature, and in 1836 in the State Senate, and
again in the Lower House in 1841. In 1843 was
elected Lieutenant-Governor of Kentucky, In 1849
was a member of the Constitutional Convention for
reforming State laws, and was a member of the
United States Senate from 1852 to 1855, having been
elected to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resigna-
tion of his friend, Henry Clay, and serving as a lead-
inof member of the Committee on Territories.
Dixoiif James, — He was born in Enfield, Con-
necticut, August 5, 1814 ; graduated at Williams Col-
lege, Massachusetts, in 1834 ; adopted the profession
of law ; was a member of the House in the Legisla-
ture of Connecticut in 1837, 1838, and 1844, and of the
State Senate in 1849 and 1854 ; was a Representative
in Congress from Connecticut from 1845 to 1849 ; was
elected a Senator in Congress for six years from 1857 ;
was re-elected in 1803 for the term ending in 1869,
serving on the Committee on Manufactures and vari-
ous other Committees, and as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Contingent Expenses of the Senate, of the
Committee on the District of Columbia, and of the
Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. He was
also a member of the National Committee appointed
to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to
Illinois. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
" National Union Convention " of 1866. Died at Hart-
ford, March 27, 1873.
Didcon, tTosej)h, — He was born in Greene County,
North Carolina ; educated at the private and public
schools of that county ; resided on a farm, and for
three or four years engaged in mercantile pursuits ;
was a magistrate, and Judge of the County Court ;
was a member of the State Legislature in 1868 and
1869 ; and elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving
on several Committees.
Dixon f Joseph Henry, — A Representative in
Congress from North Carolina from 1799 to 1801.
Dixon, Luther C, — He was an early emigrant
to the Territory of Wisconsin, and was appointed a
Justice of the United States Court for the Territory
of Wisconsin.
Dixon, Nathan F, — Born at Plainfield, Con-
necticut, in 1774 ; graduated at Brown University
in 1799 ; studied law, and established himself in
Rhode Island in 1802 to practice his profession. In
1813 he was elected a member of the General Assem-
bly of that State, and continued to serve in that
capacity for seventeen years. From 1839 to 1842 he
was a Senator of the United States. He died at Wash-
ington, District of Columbia, January 29, 1842. His
son, bearing the same name, was also in Congress.
Dixon, Nathan F, — Born in Westerly. Rhode
Island, May 1, 1812 ; fitted for college at Plainfield
Academy, in Connecticut, and graduated at Brown
University in 1833. He attended the Law Schools at
New Haven and Cambridge, and was admitted to the
bar in New London in 1837, and engaged in the prac-
tice of his profession in Connecticut and Rhode
Island. He was a member of the General Assembly
of Rhode Island from 1840 to 1849 ; was a Presiden-
tial Elector in 1844 ; and was elected a Representa-
tive from Rhode Island to the Thirty-first Congress.
He was again elected to the General Assembly of his
State in 1851, and with the exception of two years, held
the office until 1859. In 1863 he was re-elected to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Commerce ; and was also re-elected to
the Thirty-ninth Congress. His father, bearing the
same name, was a Senator in Congress. In the Thirty-
ninth Congress he served on the Committees on Com-
merce and Expenditures on the Public Buildings. He
was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia ' ' Loyalists'
Convention " of 1866, and was re-elected to the Fortieth
Congress. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, and
made Chairman of tlie Committees on Commerce and
Private Land Claims.
Doane, William, — He was born in Maine,
and having removed to Ohio, was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1839 to
1843.
Dobbin, James C, — He was born in 1814;
graduated at the University of North Carolina in
1832. He was a lawyer by profession, and was elected
a Representative in Congress from his native State in
1845, and declined a re-election. He served in the
State Legislature in 1848 and 1850, and during the last
session officiated as Speaker ; and in 1852 was a Presi-
dential Elector. His eloquence at the bar and in the
legislative hall is said to have been of the most win-
ning character, and his urbane manners and amiable
disposition made him a general favorite. He was
Secretary of the Navy during the whole of President
Pierce's administration, and he died at Fayetteville,
North Carolina, August 4, 1857.
Dobbins, Samuel A, — He was born in Burling-
ton County, New Jersey, April 14, 1814 ; educated in
select schools ; engaged in farming ; was High Sher-
iff of Burlington County from 1854 until 1857 ; a mem-
ber of the State Legislature from 1859 to 1862 ; and
was elected to the Forty-third Congress, and re-
elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Patents.
Dobbs, Arthur, — Born in Ireland in 1684 ; was
a man of letters ; had been a member of the Irish
Parliament ; and was distinguished for his attempts
to discover the North-west passage ; adopted concilia-
tory measures towards the Indian tribes ; but his
administration was a continual contest between the
loyalists and the colonists. He was the author of
" An Account of the Countries Adjoining Hudson's
Bay," published in London in 1748 ; " Trade and Im-
provement of Ireland," Dublin, 1729 ; " Captain Mid-
dleton's Defence," 1744. He emigrated to North
Carolina, and was chosen Governor, November 1,
1754, serving till his death. Died in Town Creek, ^
North Carolina, March 28, 1765.
Dockery, Alfred, — He was a native of North
Carolina, and a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1845 to 1847, and again from 1851 to 1853 ;
was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868.
He was the father of 0. H. Dockery.
Dochery , Oliver H, — Born in Richmond Coun-
ty, North Carolina, August 12, 1830, and is the son of
Alfred Dockery ; graduated at the University of
North Carolina in 1848 ; studied law, but became a
farmer by occupation ; was elected to the State Leg-
islature in 1858 and 1859 ; was a Presidential Elector
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
123
in 1860 ; and in 1868 lie was elected a Representa-
tive from North Carolina to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims ;
re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the
Committee on Claims, and as Chairman of that on
Freedmen's Affairs.
Doddj Edward, — Born in Salem, Washington
County, New York, in 1805 ; was bred a merchant ;
chosen County Clerk of the County of Washington
for three terms of three years each, commencing
January 1, 1835 ; was a member of the Constitutional
Convention of New York in 1846 ; and a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State in 1855, serving on
the Committee on the District of Columbia.
Doddridge f JPhilip, — Born in Brooke County
Virginia, in 1772 ; in his youth worked on a farm on
the Ohio River, but was sent to school at the age of six-
teen. After a voyage down the Mississippi on a flat-
boat, he studied law, and gained a brilliant local repu-
tation ; was Delegate from Brooke County to the Leg-
islature of Virginia in 1815, and was a member for some
years. In the Constitutional Convention of 1829 and
1830 he was acknowledged leader of the party in
favor of the white basis of representation. His suc-
cess in parliamentary conflicts was due to his close
reasoning, thorough knowledge of the subject, great
energy of manner, and a wonderful command of
language. He was a Representative in Congress from
Virginia from 1829 to 1832 ; resided in Washington,
and was engaged in codifying the laws of the Dis-
trict of Columbia. He died in Washington, Novem-
ber 19, 1832.
DoddSf Ozro tT, — He was born in Cincinnati,
Ohio, March 22, 1840 ; received a collegiate education
in Cincinnati ; he raised a company of students at
Oxford, called the " University Rifles," which was
attached to the Twentieth Ohio Volunteers, and served
through the three months' service under General
McClellan ; returning home, he raised another com-
pany, attached to the Eighty-first Ohio Volunteers,
and served until 1863, when he was appointed Lieu-
tenant-Colonel of the First Alabama Cavalry ; after
the war he studied law and was admitted to practice ;
was elected to the Legislature of Ohio in 1869 ; and
elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the
Committee on Civil Service.
Dodge f Augustus C, — He was born in St. Gene-
vieve, Missouri, January 2, 1812, and was a Delegate
to Congress from the Territory of Iowa from 1841 to
1847 ; a Presidential Elector for the State of Iowa in
1848 ; a Senator in Congress from the State of Iowa
from 1848 to 1855 ; after which he received from
President Pierce the appointment of Minister to
Spain, which he resigned. He was a Delegate also
to the Chicago Convention of 1864, and also to the
Philadelphia " National Union Convention" of 1866,
as well as the New York Convention of 1868. From
1838 to 1841 he also held the ofiice of Register of the
Land Office at Burlington, Iowa.
Dodge, Grenville 31, — He was born in Dan-
vers, Massachusetts, April 12, 1831 ; graduated at
the Norwich University of Vermont in 1850 ; adopted
the profession of civil, engineer, and was employed
on several important railroads in the West, and be-
came Chief Engineer of the Union Pacific Railroad ;
in 1861 he entered the military service as Captain ;
raised the Fourth Regiment of Iowa Infantry, and
was made Colonel ; in 1862 he was appointed Briga-
dier-General for services at Pea Ridge ; after various
services in Middle Tennessee, at Vicksburg, and
Corinth, he took an active part in the Atlantic cam-
paign, and was promoted to be a Major-General on
the recommendations of Generals Grant, Sherman,
and McPherson, and was subsequently in command
of the Departments of Wisconsin, Kansas, and the
Plains ; and soon after, resigning his commission in
the army, he was elected a Representative from Iowa
to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees
on Military Affairs and Roads and Canals. Was also
Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868.
Dodge, Henry, — He was born in Vincennes,
Indiana, October 12, 1782, and removed to Wisconsin ;
served with great credit as an officer of volunteers,
on the north-western frontiers, and was Brigadier-
General of Missouri troops in 1812. He distinguished
himself especially in the Black Hawk War, and as
an Indian fighter was thought to have no superior.
When the First Regiment of Dragoons was raised
in 1833, he was appointed Colonel, which office he
resigned in 1836, when he was appointed Governor of
Wisconsin Territory and Superintendent of Indian
Affairs, serving as such from 1836 to 1841, and from
1845 to 1848. He was a Delegate to Congress from
Wisconsin from 1841 to 1845, and a Senator in Con-
gress from the State of Wisconsin from 1848 to 1857.
Died at Burlington, Iowa, June 19, 1867. He was
the father of Augustus C. Dodge.
Dodge, William JE, — He was born in Hartford,
Connecticut, September 4, 1805 ; received a good
common-school education ; in his thirteenth year he
removed to New York and entered a counting-house
as clerk ; and on reaching the age of twenty-one he
commenced business on his own account, and was for
many years at the head of one of the most extensive
importing and manufacturing establishments in the
country. He was prominently connected with many
of the public improvements of the day ; was a mem-
ber of the "Peace Convention" of 1861 ; devoted
much time and money to the support of the Govern-
ment during the Rebellion ; was for many years
President of the National Temperance Society ; ac-
tive in the various religious and benevolent opera-
tions of New York ; and was elected a Representative
from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, having
successfully contested the seat of James Brooks,
serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He
was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists'
Convention " of 1866.
Doe, Nicholas D, — Born in New York, and
elected a Representative from that State to the
Twenty-sixth Congress, in place of A. Brown, de-
ceased.
Doig, Andrew W, — He was born in Washing-
ton County, New York, and was a Representative in
Congress from that State, from 1839 to 1843, having
previously served one year, 1832, in the State Assem-
bly. He was many years a teacher and surveyor, a
County Clerk for one year, and held the office of
Surrogate from 1835 to 1840. He went to California
in 1849, but subsequently returned to his native
county.
Dole, William JP. — He was born in New Hamp-
shire, and in 1861 he was appointed from Illinois
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, continuing in the
position until 1865.
Donelson, Andrew JTacTiSon, — Born in Ten-
nessee in 1799 ; graduated at West Point in 1820 ;
was Aid-de-Camp to General Jackson in 1820 and
1821 ; and his Private Secretary from March. 1829, to
March, 1837 ; Charge d' Affaires to Texas, 1844 and
1845 ; Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo-
tentiary to Prussia from 1846 to 1848; and to Ger-
many in 1848 and 1849 ; was editor of the Wasliing-
ton Union in 1851 and 1852 ; 'candidate of the Ameri-
can party for Vice-President in 1852 ; cotton planter
124
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
in Bolivar County, Mississippi, from 1822 to 1865 ;
lawyer in Memphis from 1865 to 1871. Died in
Memphis, Tennessee, June 26, 1871.
Donley f Joseph S, — Born in Mount Morris,
Greene County, Pennsylvania, October 10, 1838 ; grad-
uated at Waynesburg College in 1859 ; went to Illi-
nois and was engaged in teaching ; became Professor
in Abingdon College ; served in the Illinois army as
Captain of Volunteers from 1862 to 1865 ; graduated at
the Law School of Albany in 1866, and returned to
Pennsylvania ; in 1867 he was appointed a Register
in Bankruptcy in Pennsylvania, holding the office
until elected to Congress ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative from that State to the Forty-first Congress,
serving on the Committees on the Militia and Public
Expenditures.
Donnafif William G. — He was born in West
Charlton, New York, June 30, 1834; his early edu-
cation was received at the district school and Cam-
bridge Academy ; graduated at Union College in 1856 ;
removed to Independence, Iowa, where he studied
law, and admitted to the bar in 1857 ; was elected
Treasurer and Recorder of Buchanan County, and
held the office until 1862 ; entered the Union Army
as a private in 1862, and was promoted to the grade
of Brevet Major for efficient services in the field, and
served to the close of the Rebellion. He was a mem-
ber of the State Senate in 1868 and 1870, and elected
to the Forty-second Congress, and re-elected to the
Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on
Military Affairs.
Donnelly John JR, — Born in Ireland ; educated
at the University of North Carolina, where he grad-
uated in 1807 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a
County Solicitor in 1815 ; and from 1819 to 1836 he
was a Judge of the Superior Court. His son, R. S.
Donnell, was formerly a member of Congress.
Donnell, Itichard S, — He was born in North
Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1847 to 1849. In 1863 he pub-
lished a " Letter on the Rebellion," which attracted
great attention.
Donnelly, Ignatius. — He was born in Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania, November 3, 1831 ; graduated
at the Central High School in that city ; studied law
and was admitted to the bar in 1853 ; emigrated to
Minnesota in 1857 ; was elected Lieutenant-Governor
of that State in 1859 ; re-elected in 1861, and in 1862
was elected a Representative from Minnesota to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, and served on the Commit-
tees on the Post Office and Post Roads and Expendi-
tures in the Interior Department, and also on the
Special Committee on the Pacific Railroad ; re-elected
to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on the Pacific Railroad, the Public Lands,
and Bureau of Education. Re-elected to the Fortieth
Congress.
DooUttle, Charles II,—Re was born in Herki-
mer, New York, February 19, 1816; graduated at
Amherst College in 1836 ; studied law in Utica, and
came to the bar in 1839 ; practiced his profession for
thirty years; was made a Judge of the Supreme
Court in 1869 ; and was lost at sea, while going to
Europe for his health, May 21, 1874.
Doolittle, (Tames ^.— Born in Hampton, Wash-
ington County, New York, January 3, 1815; gradu-
ated at Geneva College in 1834 ; adopted the profes-
sion of law, and was admitted to the Supreme Court
of New York in 1837. He was District Attorney for
several years of Wyoming County, New York ; re-
moved to Wisconsin in 1851 ; was chosen Judge of
the First Judicial Circuit of that State in 1853, but
resigned in 1856. He was elected a Senator of the
United States in 1857, for six years, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and as
a member of the Committees on Foreign Affairs,
Commerce, and Military Affairs. He was also a
member of the Peace Congress of 1861. In 1863
he was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending
in 1869. During the summer recess of 1865, as a
member of a Special Committee of the Senate, he
visited the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi
River. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
" National Union Convention " of 1866, taking an
active part in its proceedings and officiating as Presi-
dent.
Dorr, Thomas Wilson, — Born in Providence,
Rhode Island, November 5, 1805 ; graduated at Har-
vard University in 1823 ; studied law in the office of
Chancellor Kent, was admitted to the bar in 1827,
and commenced to practice in Providence. Originally '
a National Republican, he became a Democrat in
1837. The Rhode Island Government was then based
upon a charter granted by Charles II. in 1663 ; and
the elective franchise was limited to the holders of a
certain amount of real estate, and to their eldest sons,
about one-third of the citizens, Mr. Dorr was a mem-
ber of the Assembly from 1833 to 1837, and exerted
himself in vain to procure a liberal Constitution.
Mr. Dorr was chosen Governor by the suffrage party
in 1841. May 3, 1842, Mr. Dorr's Government at-
tempted to organize at Providence and to seize the
reins of power. They were resisted by the legal
State Government, who attacked and dispersed them
at Chepachet, May 25. Mr. Dorr flew to Connecti-
cut and afterward to New Hampshire. A reward of ■
four thousand dollars was offered for his apprehen- |
sion by the authorities of Rhode Island. He soon
returned, was arrested, tried, convicted of high treason,
and sentenced to imprisonment for life, but was par-
doned in 1847 ; and in 1853 the Legislature restored
to him his civil rights, and ordered the record of his
sentence to be expunged. He lived to see his State
under a liberal Constitution, and his party in legal
possession of the Government. He died in Provi-
dence, Rhode Island, December 27, 1854.
Dorsey, Clement, — He was born in Anne Arun-
del County, Maryland, and was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland from 1825 to 1831. Died
August 6, 1846.
Dorsey, Stephen W, — He was born in Benson,
Vermont, 'February 28, 1842 ; received an academical
education ; removed, when a boy, to Oberlin. Ohio ;
was one of the first to volunteer in the army, in which
he served at Shiloh, at Perry ville, at Stone River and
Chattanooga, and at Mission Ridge, in the battles of
the Wilderness and of Cold Harbor, serving until the
close of the war. Returning to Ohio, he resumed
business in the Sandusky Tool Company, and was
chosen its President ; was elected, without his knowl-
edge. President of the Arkansas Central Railway
Company ; removing to Arkansas, was chosen Chair-
man of the Republican County and State Committees,
and was elected to the United States Senate, for the
term commencing in 1873 and ending in 1879, serving
on the Committees on Appropriations and District of
Columbia.
Doty, James D.— -He was born in New York ;
was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of
Wisconsin from 1839 to 1841, and a Representative in
Congress from the State of Wisconsin from 1849 to
1853. He was also, for many years, United States
Judge for Northern Michigan; also Superintendent
of Indian Affairs ; and from 1841 to 1844 Governor of
Wisconsin. In 1864 he was appointed by President
BIOGRA'PHICAL ANNALS
125
Lincoln Governor of Utah, of which Territory he
had previously been Treasurer ; and died June, 1865,
at Salt Lake.
Doubledat/f TTlysses F, — He was born in Ot-
sego County, New York, in 1794 ; began active life as
a journeyman printer in 1809 ; followed that business
in Albany, Utica, and at Ballstoji, where he estab-
lished a newspaper, and edited for twenty years
another journal in the city of Auburn ; was elected
a Representative to Congress in 1831 and re-elected
in 1835 ; subsequently resided in the City of New
York and became well-known as a bookseller. Died
in Belvidere, Illinois, March 11, 1866.
Dougherty f Thomas, — He was born in Ken-
tucky, and elected, in 1815, Clerk of the National
House of Representatives, continuing in the same po-
sition until 1823.
DouglaSf Beverly S, — Bom at Providence
Forge, Kent County, Virginia, December 21,1822 ; his
father died when he was four years of age, and he
was sent to Rumford Academy at the age of eleven,
then spent one term in William and Mary College,
and in 1840 visited a relative in Scotland with the
view of obtaining a medical education at Edinburgh
University ; spent one session attending lectures on
chemistry, agriculture, and civil law, and returned
to Virginia and graduated at the Law School of Wil-
liam and Mary, and was admitted to the bar in 1846,
and settled in King William County. In 1850 was a
member of the State Constitutional Convention, and
was elected a member of the State Senate under the
amended Constitution, and was a member of that
body until 1865 ; was a candidate for Congress in
that year, but was not elected. In 1861 he had en-
tered the Confederate service as First Lieutenant in
Lee's Mounted Rangers, of which he was made Cap-
tain ; and then Major of the Fifth Virginia Cavalry,
Army of Northern Virginia ; resigned in 1863 to re-
sume his Legislative duties. Upon the surrender of
the Confederate Armies he returned to private life,
and has held no public office until he was elected to
the Forty-fourth Congress as Representative from
Virginia.
Douglas f Stephen A, — Was born at Brandon,
Rutland County, Vermont, April 23, 1813. He lost
his father while an infant, and his mother being left
in destitute circumstances, he entered a cabinet shop
at Middlebury, in his native State, for the purpose of
learning the trade. After remaining there several
months, he returned to Brandon, where he continued
for a year at the same calling, but his health obliged
him to abandon it, and he became a student in the
academy. His mother having married a second time,
he followed her to Canandaigua, in the State of New
York. Here he pursued the study of the law until his
removal to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1831. From Cleveland
he went still further West, and finally settled in
Jacksonville, Illinois. He was at first employed as
clerk to an auctioneer, and afterwards kept school,
devoting all the time he could spare to the study of
the law. In 1834 he was admitted to the bar, soon
obtained a lucrative practice, and was elected At-
torney-General of the State. In 1837 he was appointed
by President Van Buren^ Register of the Land Office
at Springfield, Illinois. He afterwards practiced his
profession, and, in 1840, was elected Secretary of
State, and the following year Judge of the Supreme
Court. This office he resigned, in consequence of ill-
health, after sitting upon the bench for two years. In
1843 he was elected to Congress, and continued a
member of the lower House for four years. In De-
cember, 1847, he was elected to the United States
Senate for the term ending in 1853 ; was re-elected
for the term ending in 1859 ; and re-elected for an-
other term, but died in Chicago, June 3, 1861. He
was Chairman, among others, of the Committee on
Territories. In 1860 he was the candidate of his own
party for the office of President, but was defeated.
Douglass^ I, W, — He was born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, October 25, 1827 ; removed to Erie, in
that State ; received an academical education ; studied
law and came to the bar in 1850 ; was appointed a
Collector of Internal Revenue in 1862 ; Deputy Com-
missioner of Internal Revenue in 1869 ; and in 1871
he was appointed Commissioner of Internal Revenue,
holding the position until 1875.
Douglass f Samuel tT, — He was an emigrant to
Florida while yet a Territory, and in 1842 he was ap-
pointed one of the Judges of the United States for
that District.
Dowdellf James F. — ^Born in Jasper County,
Georgia, November 26, 1818 ; graduated at Randolph
Macon College in 1840, and was a lawyer by profes-
sion ; he removed to Alabama in 1846, and took charge
of a female college for one year, and afterwards en-
gaged in farming and planting. In 1848 he was a
Presidential Elector. He was a Representative from
Alabama in the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and
Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the
Committee on Ways and Means, and also that of In-
quiry into the Cost of Public Printing and Laws re-
lating thereto.
Downey f tTohn G, — He was Governor of Cali-
fornia from 1860 to 1862.
Downing ^ Charles, — He was bom in Virginia,
and was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of
Florida from 1837 to 1841. Died October 24, 1841.
DotvnSf Solomon W, — He was born in Tennes-
see in 1801 ; graduated at the Transylvania Univer-
sity ; studied law and came to the bar in 1825 ; set-
tled in Louisiana ; was United States District Attorney
from 1845 to 1847 ; a Presidential Elector in 1844 ;
Collector of the Port of New Orleans ; and from 1847
to 1853 a Senator in Congress from Louisiana. He
died at Orchard Springs, Kentucky, August 14, 1854.
Dowse, Edward, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Massachusetts from 1819 to 1821, and
having resigned, W. Eustis was elected in his place.
Doivse, William, — He was elected a Represent-
ative from New York to the Thirteenth Congress, but
died before taking his seat, February 18, 1813.
DoXf Peter M, — He was born in Geneva, On-
tario County, New York, September 11, 1813 ; edu-
cated at Hobart College, Geneva, graduating in 1833 ;
studied and practiced law ; was elected to the Legis-
lature in 1841 ; was Judge of the Ontario County
Courts ; removed to Alabama in 1855, and engaged in
agricultural pursuits ; was elected in 1865, as a Union
man, to represent Madison County in the Convention
called for the revision of the State Constitution, and
took an active part in the restoration of the State to
its place in the Union ; was elected to the Forty-first
and Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Commit-
tee on Banking and Currency.
Drake, Charles D, — He was born in Cincin-
nati, Ohio, April 11, 1811 ; and was the son of Dr.
Daniel Drake ; received an academical education ; in
1827 he entered the navy as a midshipman, and re-
mained in it until 1830 ; he then proceeded to study
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1833 ; in 1834 he
removed to St. Louis, where he practiced his profes-
sion ; in 1859 he was elected to the Missouri Legisia-
126
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
ture ; in 1861 and 1862 he took an active and conspic-
uous part against the secession movement ; in 1863 he
was elected to the Missouri State Convention ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1864 ; in 1865 he was a mem-
ber and Vice-President of the Convention that formed
the present Constitution of Missouri ; and in January,
1867, he was elected a Senator in Congress from Mis-
souri for the term ending in 1873, serving on the
Committees on Naval Affairs, Pacific Railroad, Con-
tingent Expenses, and Ordnance. In 1871 he was
appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Claims. He
is the author of a " Treatise on the Law of Suits by
Attachment in the United States," and of a " Life of
Daniel Drake."
Drake, Jolm JR, — He was one of the earliest
settlers in Tioga County, New York ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1817 to
1819; was elected Judge of Tioga County in 1833;
and was a member of the New York Assembly in
1834. He was in ill health for eight years before
his death, which occurred at Oswego, March 21, 1857,
in the seventy-fourth year of his age.
Drake, Thomas J". — He was born in New York
and* removed to Michigan, from which State he was
appointed an Associate Jijdge of the United States
Court for tbe Territory of Utah, residing in Salt
Lake City.
Draper, J'oseph, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1830 to 1831, and again
from 1832 to 1833.
Drayton, John, — Was Governor of South
Carolina from 1800 to 1802 ; and from 1808 to 1810 ;
and was District Judge of the United States for
some years previous to his death, which occurred
at Charleston, November 27, 1822. He published in
1802 "A View of South Carolina," "Memoirs of the
Revolution in South Carolina," 2 vols. 8vo., 1821,
and " Letters Written during a Tour through the
Northern and Eastern States," Svo., 1794,
Drayton, William, — Born in St. Augustine,
Florida, December 30, 1776 ; went to school in Eng-
land, and on returning to South Carolina was for a
time Assistant Clerk in a Court of Sessions; studied
law and came to the bar iu 1797 ; was a Captain in
the South Carolina Militia; in 1812 was commis-
sioned a Colonel in the United States Army, and In-
spector-General in 1814 ; assisted Generals Scott and
Macomb in preparing a System of Infantry Tactics
for the army ; was elected Recorder of Charleston in
1819 ; was a Representative in Congress from South
Carolina, from 1825 to 1833 ; and was chosen Presi-
dent of the United States Bank in 1840. Died in
Philadelphia, May 24, 1846.
Drayton, Williafn, — He was a citizen of South
Carolina ; father of the General bearing the same
name ; and in 1789 he was appointed the first United
States Judge for the District of South Carolina.
Drayton, William Henry, — He was born in
" South Carolina ; was educated at Westminster and
Oxford, England; in 1771 was appointed a Judge;
was President of the Provincial Congress ; was made
Chief Justice in 1776 ; he was a warm advocate of
freedom, and published various pamphlets which
strengthened the American cause ; he was a leading
member of the South Carolina Assembly ; was a Del-
egate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779,
and was a signer of the Articles of Confederation.
He was the author of a " History of the Revolution,"
which was published in three volumes, by his son, in
1821.
Drew, Thomas S, — He was Governor of Ar-
kansas from 1844 to 1848.
Driggs, John F, — Was born in Kinderhook,
New York, March 3, 1813; was apprenticed to a me-
chanical business connected with building in New
York City, and was a master-mechanic until 1856 ; in
1844 he was appointed Superintendent of the New
York Penitentiary, holding the oflace one year; set-
tled in East Saginaw, Michigan, in 1856; was Presi-
dent of that village in 1858 ; during the two follow-
ing years he was a member of the Michigan Legisla-
ture ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative
from Michigan to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and
was a member of the Committee on the Public Lands.
Re-elected to the Thirty ninth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Invalid Pensions, Mines and Min-
ing, and Public Lands. He was also a Delegate to
the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866,
and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.
Dromgoole, George C, — He was born in Vir-
ginia ; educated a lawyer ; and was a Representative
in Congress from Virginia from 1835 to 1841, and also
from 1843 to 1847 ; and died April 27, 1847. He en-
tered public life when young ; served for years in the
two Houses of the State Legislature, and was Presi-
dent of the Senate ; and was a member of the sec-
ond Constitutional Convention of Virginia.
Drum, Atigustus, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1853 to 1855.
Dritm^nond, Thomas, — Bom in Bristol,
Maine, October 16, 1809 ; educated at Bowdoin Col-
lege, Maine, where he graduated in 1830 ; studied
law in Philadelphia, where he was admitted to the
bar in March, 1833 ; removed to Galena, Illinois, in
1835, where he practiced his profession ; elected to
the House of Representatives of Illinois in 1840 ; ap-
pointed Judge of the District Court of the United
States for Illinois, by President Taylor, in February,
1850 ; removed to Chicago in 1854, where, and in the
vicinity, he has since resided ; became Judge of the
District Court of the United States for the Northern
District of Illinois, by the division of the State into
two Districts in 1855 ; and appointed Judge of the
Seventh Judicial Circuit of the United States (con-
sisting of the States of Illinois, Indiana, and Wis-
consin), by President Grant in 1869, which office he
now holds.
Drummond, William W, — ^He was a resident
of Illinois, and appointed an Associate Justice of the
United States Court for the Territory of Utah.
Dmmmond, Willis, — He was appointed in
1871, from Iowa, Commissioner of the General Land
Office in Washington, holding the position until
June, 1874.
Dryer, Thom^as J, — ^He was a citizen of Ore-
gon, and in 1861 was appointed a Commissioner to
the Sandwich Islands, where he remained until 1863.
Duane, flames,— Born in New York City, Feb-
ruary 6, 1733. • He adopted the profession of law,
and became a member of the Revolutionary Commit-
tees of New York. He acquired from his father a
large estate in Duanesburg, New York, which he be-
gan to settle m 1765. He was a member of the Con-
tinental Congress from 1774 to 1784, and signed the
Articles of Confederation. He attended the Indian
Treaty at Albany in August, 1775 ; was a member of
the Constitutional Convention in 1776; and 1777, and
on the Committee which drafted it ; was a member
of the Committee of Safety ; in 1783 he returned to
I
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
127
New York City on its evacuation by the British ; be-
came a member of the Council ; State Senator in 1783
and 1784 ; first Mayor of New York, 1784 ; member
of the Convention to adopt the Federal Constitution
in 1788 ; United States District Judge from 1789 to
1794.
1797.
Died at Duanesburg, New York, February 1,
Duanef tToJm William, — Born in Clonmel,
Ireland, 1780 ; was originally a printer, afterward a
paper dealer ; studied law, and was admitted to the
bar in 1815 ; removed to Philadelphia, which city he
often represented in the Legislature. Became a dis-
tinguished lawyer ; took a deep interest in schools ;
was a Trustee, and subsequently a Director in Girard
College. Assisted his father as editor of the Au-
rora. He was Secretary of the United States
Treasury in 1833 ; was removed by Jackson, Septem-
ber 23, 1833, for declining to remove the deposits
from the United States Bank ; was the author of
" The Law of Nations Investigated," " Letters on In-
ternal Improvements," " Narrative and Correspond-
ence Concerning the Deposits," etc. Died in Philadel-
phia, September 27, 1865.
Duboisef Dudley M. — Born in Shelby County,
Tennessee, October 28, 1834 ; educated at the Univer-
sity of Mississippi ; studied law ; served as a General
in the Confederate Army ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative from Georgia, to the Forty-second Congress,
serving on the Committee on Patents.
Duchettf Allen IB, — He was born in Maryland,
became a citizen of the District of Columbia, soon
after the removal of the Seat of Government to
Washington, and in 1806 he was appointed Judge of
the Circuit Court of the United States for the Dis-
trict of Columbia.
Dudley, Charles Edward, — He was born at
"Johnson Hall," Staffordshire, England, May 23,
1780 ; in 1790, after the death of his father, he came
with his mother to Newport, Rhode Island, where
his father had been Collector of Customs ; he entered
into trade there, and went to the East Indies as Su-
percargo ; subsequently removed to New York City,
and in 1802 to Albany. He was State Senator from
1820 to 1825 ; Mayor of the City from 1821 to 1828,
and United States Senator from 1829 to 1833 ; he was
partial to the science of Astronomy, and in 1856 his
widow contributed seventy thousand dollars to erect
and endow the Dudley Observatory at Albany, and a
subsequent contribution made the amount over one
hundred thousand dollars. He died in Albany, Jan-
uary 23, 1841.
Dudley, Edward J5.— He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from North Carolina from 1829 to
1831 ; and in 1836 was elected the first Governor of
North Carolina under the amended Constitution of
that State. He was subsequently appointed Presi-
dent of the Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad Com-
pany, and died at Wilmington, North Carolina, Oc-
tober 30, 1855.
Duellf M, Holland, — Born in Warren, Herki-
mer County, New York, December 20, 1823 ; re-
ceived an academic education ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1845 ; in 1850 he was elected
District Attorney for Cortland County, and held the
office six years ; in 1856 he was elected County Judge
for said county ; and in 1858 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Rev-
olutionary Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Revolutionary Pensions. He was also an Assessor of
Internal Revenue from 1869 to 1871 ; and re-elected
to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serv-
ing on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Chair-
man of that on Public Buildings. In September,
1875, he was appointed Commissioner of Patents.
Duer, William, — Born in England, March 18,
1747 ; in 1765 was Aid to Lord Clive in India ; in
1765 he purchased land in Washington County, New
York, and removed there ; was appointed Colonel of
Militia ; Judge of the County Courts ; member of the
Provincial Congress, and of the Committee of Safety ;
and also a Member of the Committee to draft the
State Constitution in the Convention of 1777 ; was a
Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1777 to
1778 ; Secretary of the Treasury Board until the
organization of the Department in 1789 ; a member of
the State Legislature, and Assistant-Secretary of the
Treasury under Hamilton, until 1790 ; he removed to
New York City in 1793, and died there, May 7, 1799.
He was the father of William A.
Duer, William, — He was a Delegate from New
York to the Continental Congress, in 1777 and 1778,
and his son, bearing the same name, was a Represent-
ative in the Federal Congress. He was one of the
signers of the Articles of Confederation.
DueVf William, — Born in the City of New
York, May 25, 1805. He graduated at Columbia Col-
lege in 1824 ; studied law, and in 1828 removed to
Oswego, soon after returning to New York ; he sub-
sequently removed to New Orleans, and again re-
turned to Oswego ; he served in the Legislature of
New York on two occasions ; was District Attorney
for Oswego County, and a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1847 to 1851.
Duer, Willia^n Alexander, — Born at Rhine-
beck, New York, September 8, 1780 ; studied law in
Philadelphia and New York ; was appointed Midship-
man in 1798, and served with Decatur during the war
with France. He was admitted to the bar in 1802,
and was a partner of Edward Livingston, until his
removal to New Orleans. He contributed to the
Corrector, in support of Burr ; and shortly after joined
Livingston in New Orleans, and studied Spanish civil
law, but on account of the climate, returned to New
York, and resumed practice in that city ; afterward
removed to Rliinebeck, and from 1814 to 1818 was a
member of the State Assembly ; Judge of the Su-
preme Court from 1822 to 1829 ; President of Colum-
bia College from 1829 to 1842, when ill-health required
him to retire, and he moved to Morristown, New Jer-
sey. In 1856, delivered a course of lectures to the
Seniors on Constitutional Jurisprudence of the United
States ; and a eulogy upon President Monroe, from
the portico of the City Hall ; in 1847, an address be-
fore the Literary Societies of Columbia College ;
and in 1848, an address before the St. Nicholas So-
ciety, giving early reminiscences of New York. He
published a life of his grandfather, " Lord Sterling,"
in the collections of the New York Historical Society.
Died in New York, May 30, 1858.
Duffield, George. — He was appointed by Presi-
dent Jefferson, in 1805, United States Judge for the
Territory of Orleans.
Duke, Richard T, TT.— He was born in Albe-
marle County, Virginia, June 6, 1822 ; attended school,
and taught one year ; entered the Virginia Military
Institute as a cadet in 1842, and graduated in 1845 ;
taught school, reading law at the same time ; attended
the University of Virginia, and graduated in its Law
School in 1850 ; practiced law ; was elected Attorney
for the County of Albemarle in 1858, and continued
in that office until 1869 ; was elected to the Forty -first
Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-second Congress.
128
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Ditmontf Ehenezer, — Born in Vevay, Switzer-
land County, Territory of Indiana, November 23,
1814 ; attended the Indiana University at Blooming-
ton, but did not graduate ; adopted tbe profession of
law ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1838 ;
from 1839 to 1845 was Treasurer of his county ; served
in the war with Mexico as a Lieutenant-Colonel, and
was in several battles ; was a Presidential Elector in
1852 ; in 1850 and 1853 he was again elected to the
Legislature ; was President for nine years of the
State Bank of Indiana. When the Rebellion broke
out, he was appointed Colonel of the Seventh Indiana
Volunteers, and was at the battle of Philippi, in
West Virginia ; was subsequently in charge of a
brigade at Murfreesborough, and, after the battle at
that place, was assigned to the command of the troops
at Nashville ; from that place he led an expedition
against John Morgan, taking nearly his whole com-
mand ; and in 1862, while yet in the field, he was elected
a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committees on the District
of Columbia and on Revolutionary Pensions. Re-
elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chair-
man of the Committee on Exj)enditures in the Inte-
rior Department.
JDunhaVf JVilliam, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Louisiana from 1853 to 1855.
Duncan, Alexander. — He was a member of
the House of Representatives in Congress from Ohio,
from 1837 to 1841, and from 1843 to 1845. He died in
Cincinnati, Ohio, March 2, 1852.
Duncan f Charles, — He was appointed an Asso-
ciate Justice of the United States Court for the Ter-
ritory of Wisconsin.
Duncan f Daniel, — Born in the town of Ship-
pensburg, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, July
22, 1806, and died in Washington, June 18, 1849. He
was bred a merchant, and in 1843 was elected to the
Legislature of Ohio, from Licking County. He was
a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 1849, and
more a man of action than of words.
Duncan, Garnett, — He was born in Kentucky ;
graduated at Yale College in 1820 ; studied law and
practiced the profession with marked success for
many years ; was on intimate terms with Henry Clay
and other noted men of his State ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Kentucky from 1847 to 1849 ;
and he died in Louisville, May 25, 1875.
Duncan, James H, — He was bom in Haver-
hill, Massachusetts, December 5, 1793 ; graduated at
Harvard College in 1812 ; studied law, and came to
the Essex County bar ; served four years in the State
Legislature ; was a State Senator from 1828 to 1831 ;
State Councilor in 1840 and 1841 ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from 1849 to 1853. He subse-
quently became a Baptist Minister ; was a Trustee of
the Newton Theological Seminary, and a Fellow of
Brown University, which conferred on him the degree
of Doctor of Laws. Died in Haverhill, February 8,
1869. ^
Duncan, Joseph, — Born in Kentucky, about
1790 ; was self-educated ; was an ensign at the bril-
liant defense of Fort Stephenson, under Colonel Cro-
ghan, for which he received from Congress the testi-
monial of a sword, February 13, 1835. He settled in
Illinois, and was soon elected Major-General of Mili-
tia ; was State Senator, when, in the session of 1824
and 1825, he originated the law which first established
Common Schools in the State ; was a Representative
in Congress from 1827 to 1835 ; was Governor of Il-
linois from 1834 to 1838 ; and was identified with the
early introduction of internal improvements into that
State. Died at Jacksonville, Florida, January 15, 1844.
Dundas, Williain II, — He was born in Vir-
ginia ; was for several years a Clerk in the General
Post OflSce, and in 1852 he was appointed Second As-
sistant Postmaster-General, remaining in the position
until 1861.
Dundy, JElmer S, — Born in Ohio ; removed to Ne-
braska, and settled at Falls City ; in 1868 was appoint-
ed United States Judge for the District of Nebraska.
Dunham, Cyrus L, — He was a native of New
York State. As a farmer's boy, he worked during
the summer months to obtain means for his education
during the winter ; after acquiring the rudiments, he
filled the humblest position on board a fishing-craft
from one of the seaports of Massachusetts to New-
foundland, and, after completing his studies, he re-
moved to Salem, Indiana, taught school and studied
law, and was admitted to the bar. He was elected to
the Legislature of Indiana in 1846 and 1847, and was
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1849 to 1855. Served again in the Legislature at a
subsequent period.
Dunklin, Daniel, — He was Governor of Mis-
souri from 1832 to 1836. Died in Jefferson County,
Missouri, August 25, 1844, aged fifty-four years.
Dunlajyf George W, — He was born in Fayette
County, Kentucky, February 22, 1813 ; graduated at
Transylvania University, Lexington ; studied law and
adopited that profession ; was a member of the Ken-
tucky Legislature ; also of the ' ' Border State Conven-
tion" held in May, 1861 ; and was elected a Represent-
ative from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Congress,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Navy
Department, and also as a member of the Committee
on Accounts. In 1864 he was a Presidential Elector.
Dunlap, Hohert P, — He was born in Maine ;
graduated at Bowdoin College in 1815 ; studied law
and was admitted to the bar in 1818 ; in 1821, 1822,
and 1823, was a member of the State Legislature ; in
1823 he was elected a State Senator, serving nine
years, and presided over that body four years ; in 1833
he was a member of the Executive Council of Maine ;
in 1834 he was elected Governor of Maine, and served
four years ; and he was a Representative in Congress
from 1843 to 1847. During the years 1848 and 1849
he was Collector of Customs at Portland, and from
1853 to 1857 Postmaster of Brunswick ; and was for
many years President of the Board of Overseers of
Bowdoin College. Died in Brunswick, Maine, Octo-
ber 20, 1859, aged seventy years.
Dunlap, William C, — He was born in Tennes-
see, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1833 to 1837.
Dunlavy , Francis, — He was born in Williams-
burg, Virginia, in 1761 ; in his fourteenth year, emi-
grated with his father to Pennsylvania ; was during
the Revolution very useful as a fighter of the In-
dians ; in 1787 he went to Kentucsiy ; in 1797 he set-
tled in Ohio ; was one of the founders of the Baptist
Church in that region ; was a member of the Con-
vention to form the first Constitution of Ohio ; was
Presiding Judge of the Circuit Court of the State for
fourteen years, after which he practiced the profes-
sion of law ; and claimed that for sixty years he had
been opposed to the institution of Slavery. 1
Dunlop, James, — He was born in Georgetown,
District of Columbia, March 28, 1793 ; graduated at
Princeton College in 1811 ; studied law with Francis
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
129
S. Key, with whom he was afterwards associated in
the practice of their profession, and acted as District
Attorney in the latter's place when called away on
public business in 1833. He was Recorder of his na-
tive town down to the year 1838, when he was ap-
pointed Judge of the United States Circuit Court ;
was made Assistant Judge in 1845, and Chief Justice
in 1856, which position he occupied until 1863, when
the court was abolished. He was always devoted to
his high calling, and his judicial opinions often at-
tracted attention abroad, and especially was this true
in regard to the Admiralty case of the Tropic
Wind, which was complimented by Lord John Rus-
sell soon after its termination. He died on his farm
near Georgetown, May 6, 1872, leaving a spotless
reputation.
JDunrif Charles, — He was an early emigrant to
Wisconsin, residing at Elk Grove, and was in 1838 or
1839 appointed one of the Judges of the United
States for that Territory.
Dumif George G, — He was born in 1813, and
died in Lawrence County, Indiana, in September,
1857. He had held many high official trusts, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1847 to 1849. He was a lawyer, and noted for
his abilities as an orator.
Dunfif George H, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Indiana from 1837 to 1839.
Dunn William McKee, — Born in the Terri-
tory of Indiana, December 12, 1814 ; graduated at the
State College of Indiana in 1832 ; taught school for
two years, and having entered Yale College, received
from that College the degree of A.M. in 1835 ;
adopted the profession of law ; was elected to the In-
diana Legislature in 1848 ; a member of the State
Constitutional Convention in 1850 ; and in 1858 was
elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manu-
factures and Roads and Canals, and also on the Spe-
cial Committee of Thirty-three. Re-elected to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chainnan of the
Committee on Patents, after which he became As-
sistant Judge Advocate in the army. He was also a
Delegate to the Philadelphia ' ' Loyalists' Conven-
tion " of 1866. In December, 1875, he was appointed
Judge Advocate General in the place of J. Holt.
Dunne f Edmund Francis,— Born at Little
Falls, Herkimer County, New York, in 1835 ; removed
with his parents to Ohio in 1836 ; received a common-
school education ; went to California in 1852, and had
charge of a select school in San Francisco ; after-
wards studied law ; traveled in Mexico in 1858 ; as-
sisted in forming the Union party in 1861 ; elected to
the State Legislature in 1862 ; moved to Nevada in
1863 ; was a Delegate to the Constitutional Conven-
tion of that State ; was elected a District Judge, and
for two years did not have a single Jury trial ; in
1869 visited Washington on business connected with
California Claims ; made a visit to Europe in 1871 ;
and on his return was appointed Chief Justice of the
United States Court for Arizona in 1874.
Dunnell, Mark JT.— He was born in Buxton,
Maine, July 2, 1823 ; graduated at Waterville College,
in 1849 ; for five years was the principal of Norway
and Hebron Academies ; in 1854 elected to the State
Legislature, and in 1855 to the State Senate ; during
the years 1855, 1857, 1858, and 1859 was State Superin-
tendent of Common Schools ; in 1856 a Delegate to
the National Convention at Philadelphia ; in 1861 en-
tered the Union Army as Colonel of Infantry ; in
1862 was United States Consul at Vera Cruz, Mexico ;
in January, 1865, went to Minnesota ; was a member
of the Legislature in 1867 ; was State Superintend-
ent of Public Instruction from 1867 to 1870 ; and
elected to the Forty-second and two subsequent Con-
gresses, serving on the Committees on Claims, Public
Lands, Education, and Labor.
Dunning f JParis C, — He was Governor of In-
diana in 1848 and 1849, for the unexpired term of
James Whitcomb.
Dnpre, Jacques, — He was acting Governor of
Louisiana in 1830.
Durandf George H, — Born in Schoharie
County, New York, February 21, 1838 ; received an
academic education ; removed to Flint, Michigan, in
1858 ; is a lawyer by profession, and has practiced
ever since his majority ; served as Alderman of the
City of Flint for three consecutive terms ; elected
Mayor in 1873 ; re-elected in 1874 ; and elected a Rep-
resentative to the Forty- fourth Congress.
Diirellj Daniel M, — He was born in Massachu-
setts ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1794 ;
studied law, and entered upon the practice at Dover
in 1797 ; and was a Representative in Congress from
New Hampshire from 1807 to 1809, He also held the
post of United States District Attorney from 1830 to
1834. He died in 1841, aged seventy-one years.
Durellf E, H, — He was born in New Hampshire,
and having taken up his residence at New Orleans,
was appointed in 1863 United States Judge for the
District of Louisiana, and was superseded in 1875.
His decisions in regard to the validity of the elec-
tions in that State, in 1872, caused considerable ex-
citement.
Durfee, Joh, — He was born in Tiverton, Rhode
Island, in 1790 ; graduated at Brown University in
1813 ; adopted the profession of the law ; and,
though for a long time Chief Justice of Rhode
Island, he devoted much attention to poetry and
belles-lettres generally. He was for many years a
member of the State Legislature and Speaker of
the House ; he was a Representative in Congress
from Rhode Island from 1821 to 1825. He died in
Tiverton in 1847. He was the author of a work en-
titled " What Cheer? or, Roger Williams in Banish-
ment."
Durfee, Nathaniel D, — He was born in Tiver-
ton, Rhode Island, September 29, 1812 ; received a^
good classical education at Newport ; from 1838 to
1850 devoted himself to the pursuits of agriculture ; .
he represented the town of Warwick some seven or
eight years in the State Legislature, and the town of "
Tiverton four years ; and having been elected a
member of the Thirty-fourth Congress, served his
term, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress,.,
serving on the Committee on Manufactures.
Durham, Wilton «7. — He was born in Mercer
County, Kentucky, May 16, 1824 ; graduated at As-
bury University, Indiana, in 1844 ; studied law at.
the Louisville Law School; was one of the Circuit
Judges of Kentucky in 1861 and in 1862, and with
the exception of that time, has been engaged in the
practice of law at Danville since 1850 ; was elected to
the Forty-third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-
fourth Congress, serving on the Committees on Bank-
ing and Currency, and the Department of Justice.
In December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of
the Committee on Revision of Laws.
Dtirhee, Charles,— Bom in Royalton, Vermont,
December 5, 1807 ; was a merchant ; removed to
Wisconsin, and was elected to the Legislature of that
130
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
State in 1837 and 1838 ; a Representative in Congress
in 1848 and 1850 from Wisconsin, and a United States
Senator for six years, commencing March, 1855, serv-
irfg as a member of the Committees on Revolutionary
and Private Land Claims. He was a Delegate also to
the Peace Congress of 1861, and in 1865 was appointed
by President Johnson Governor of Utah. Died at
Omaha, January 14, 1870.
Dutfoiif Henry. — Born in Plymouth, Litchfield
County, Connecticut, February 12, 1796 ; graduated
at Yale College in 1818 ; studied law, and while doing
so, taught in an academy ; from 1821 to 1826 he was
a tutor in Yale College, and then settled as a lawyer
at Newtown ; remained there fourteen years, and then
settled in Bridgeport, where he remained ten years ;
then settled in New Haven ; was Attorney for the
State, Professor of Law in Yale College ; served five
years in the Legislature, and one year in the State
Senate ; was elected Governor of Connecticut in
1854 ; from 1861 to 1866 he was Judge of the Superior
Court, and of the Supreme Court of Errors ; and he
died in New Haven, April 26, 1869. In 1833 he pub-
lished a Digest of the Connecticut Reports, and was
one of a Commission to revise and publish the Stat-
utes of the State.
Diivalf Gabriel, — He was born December 6,
1752, of a Huguenot family ; served as a Clerk to the
first Legislature of Maryland, before the Declaration
of Independence ; he was a Representative in Con-
gress from Maryland from 1794 to 1796 ; a Presiden-
tial Elector in 1796 and 1800 ; Comptroller of the
United States Treasury in 1802 ; and in 1811 was ap-
pointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of the United
States, which oflSce he held for twenty-five years.
He died in Prince George County, Maryland, March
6, 1844.
Duvalj tT, H, — He was born in Wellsburg,
Brooke County, Virginia, September 1, 1824 ; when
eleven years of age he started out in the world to
seek his fortune ; spent fourteen years of his life in
camp among the Rocky Mountains and in Texas,
Mexico, and California ; up to the year 1846 he had
visited forty-two tribes of Indians ; soon after that
year he commanded a pioneer company from Texas
to California ; entered the Volunteer Army from Vir-
ginia, in 1861, as a Major ; was twice severely
wounded, and having served throughout the war,
was bre vetted a Major-General ; subsequently served
two years in the State Senate of West Virginia ; also
two years as Adjutant-General of the State ; and in
1868 he was elected a Representative from West Vir-
ginia to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Territories and Mines and Mining.
Duvalf Thomas JET. — He was born in Virginia ;
emigrated to Texas, and settled at Austin ; and in
1857 he was appointed United States Judge for the
Western District of Texas.
Duval, William P, — Born in Virginia, in
1784, but in early life went to Kentucky, where, for
a time, he led the life of a hunter, after which he
studied and practiced law ; he was a Representative
in Congress from Kentucky from 1813 to 1815 ; and
in 1822 was appointed Governor of Florida by Presi-
dent Monroe, and re-appointed by Adams and Jackson.
He served as a Captain of Mounted Volunteers in
1812 ; in 1848 he removed to Texas; and died in
Washington, District of Columbia, March 19, 1854.
He was the original of " Ralph Ringwood " of Wash-
ington Irving, and " Nimrod Wildfire " of James K.
Paulding.
DwigTitf Henry TT.— Born in Berkshire Coun-
ty, Massachusetts ; was a member of the Massachu-
setts Legislature in 1818 and 1834 ; and a Representa-
tive in Congress from Massachusetts from 1821 to
1831, and died in New York, February 21, 1845.
Dwight, Theodore, — Born in Northampton,
Massachusetts, December 6, 1764. Soon after the
Revolution he studied law, and attained a high posi-
tion as a lawyer ; for a great number of years he
was a State Senator in Connecticut ; and he was a
Representative in Congress from Connecticut during
the years 1806 and 1807. In 1813 he was a Presi-
dential Elector. He was a ready and brilliant writer ;
conducted for a time the Hartford Mirror ; was
Secretary of the Hartford Convention, of which he
wrote the authentic history ; in 1815, at the sugges-
tion of leading men, he established the Albany
Daily Advertiser ; and in 1817 founded the New
York Daily Advertiser, which he conducted with
signal ability until 1836, when he removed to Hart-
ford, Connecticut, and retired from active life. About
three years before his death he went to New York to
reside with his son, and died in that city, June 11,
1846. Brother of President Timothy Dwight. He
was one of the founders of the American Bible So-
ciety. He wrote a Life of Thomas Jefferson and a
Dictionary of Roots and Derivations.
Hwifjht, Thomas, — He graduated at Harvard
University in 1778 ; was a member of the Massa-
chusetts Legislature in 1794 and 1795 ; a State Sen-
ator from 1796 to 1803 and 1813 ; and a member of
the Executive Council in 1808 and 1809 ; and was a
Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from
1803 to 1805 ; and died in 1819.
Dwinell, tTustin, — He graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1805 ; was a member of the New York As-
sembly in 1821 and 1822 ; and was a Representative
in Congress from that State from 1823 to 1825.
X)?/er, David P, — Born in Henry County, Vir-
ginia, February 12, 1838 ; removed to Missouri in
1841 ; educated at St. Charles College ; studied law
and came to the bar in 1859 ; was a District Prose-
cuting Attorney in 1860 ; elected to the State Legis-
lature in 1862 and 1865 ; had command of the Forty-
ninth Missouri Volunteers during a part of the Re-
bellion ; was elected Secretary of the State Senate in
1866 ; a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868 ;
and elected a Representative from Missouri to the
Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on
Territories and Agriculture.
Dyer^ Eliphalet, — Born in Windham, Connecti-
cut, September 28, 1721 ; graduated at Yale College
in 1740, and received the degree of LL. D. from that
institution in 1787. He commenced the practice of
law at the age of nineteen ; from 1745 to 1762 was a
Representative to the General Court. He was ap-
pointed to the command of a Connecticut regiment
during the French War in 1755 ; was elected a mem-
ber of the Council in 1762 ; went to England in 1763
as Agent of the Susquehanna Company, and was a
Delegate to the Stamp Act Congress of 1765 ; he was
also a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1774,
and held a seat in that body during the war, except-
ing 1779. He was appointed Judge of the Supreme
Court in 1766; and was Chief Justice from 1789 to
1793. He died in Windham, May 13, 1807.
Dyer, Elisha, — He was Governor of Rhode
Island for two years, beginning with 1857.
Dyer, tTohn J, — He was an early emigrant to
Iowa, and prior to the year 1850, he was appointed
United States Judge for the three Districts of Iowa.
Eager f S, W, — He graduated at Princeton Col-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
131
lege in 1809 ; and was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1829 to 1831.
Ea^neSf Senjamin T, — He was born in Tud-
liam, Massachusetts, June 4, 1818 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1843 ; was admitted to the bar, and prac-
ticed at Providence; was a member of the Legisla-
ture in 1859, 1868, and 1869, serving the last year as
Speaker ; and of the State Senate in 1854, 1855, 1856,
1859, and 1863 ; was a Delegate to the Convention at
Chicago in 1860 ; elected to the Forty second and two
subsequent Congresses, serving on the Committees on
Patents and Land Claims.
JEameSf diaries. — Born in New Braintree, Mas-
sachusetts, March 20, 1812 ; in 1831 graduated at
Harvard University ; studied at the Cambridge Law
School, but was prevented by ill-health from prac-
ticing, and in 1845 took a position in the Navy De-
partment. A few months later he became associ-
ate editor of the Washington Union and was ap-
pointed by Mr. Polk Commissioner to the Sandwich
Islands for the negotiation of a treaty. In 1850 he
returned, and after editing the Nashville Union
for six months, again edited the Union, until sent
as Minister to Venezuela by President Pierce. He
returned to Washington in 1858, where he practiced
law until his death. During the last five years of his
life he won distinction by his knowledge of interna-
tional law. Died in Washington, District of Colum-
bia, March 16, 1867.
Earle, EtAas, — He was born in Frederick County,
Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress from
South Carolina from 1805 to 1807, from 1811 to 1815,
and again from 1817 to 1821.
Earle, JTohfi B, — He was a Representative in
Congress from South Carolina from 1803 to 1805.
Earle, Michard T, — He was born in Maryland
in 1760; received a liberal education and adopted the
profession of law ; was in constant practice from
1787 to 1810 ; was subsequently appointed Chief
Judge of the District Court of Maryland and Judge
of the Court of Appeals ; resigned in 1834, and died
at Centreville, Maryland, November 22, 1834.
EarlCf Samuel, — He was a Representative in
Congress from South Carolina from 1795 to 1797.
Earllf JonaSf Jr, — Born in 1786 ; was at one
time a Senator in the New York Legislature ; a
member of Congress from that State from 1827 to
1831 ; and a Canal Commissioner at the time of his
death, which occurred at Syracuse, New York, in
October, 1846.
Earllf Nehemiah H.—Re was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1839 to 1841.
Early, JPeter, — Born in Madison County, Vir-
ginia, June 20, 1773, and emigrated to Georgia with
his father in 1795. He graduated at Nassau Hall,
Princeton, and studied law in Philadelphia. He
served in the United States House of Representatives
from Georgia from 1802 to 1807 ; and was one of the
most conspicuous among its members who supported
the Administration. On his return to Georgia he was
made a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State,
and in 1813 was elected Governor of his adopted
State. He was subsequently a State Senator, but for
several years before his death lived in retirement.
He died August 15, 1817.
Easby, William,— Rq was appointed in 1851
Commissioner of Public Buildings for the District of
Columbia, holding the position until 1853.
Easterbrook, Eocperience, — Born in Lebanon,
Grafton County, New Hampshire, April 30, 1813;
received a good academic education ; studied law in
Buffalo, and graduated at the Law School of Marshall
College, Pennsylvania ; removed to Wisconsin in
1840, where he practiced his profession until 1854;
besides holding a number of county offices, he was a
member of the Convention that formed the Constitu-
tion of that State ; served also in the Legislature of
Wisconsin, and was Attorney-General of the State.
In 1854 he was appointed United States District At-
torney for the Territory of Nebraska, which office he
held until 1859, when he was elected a Delegate to
the Thirty-sixth Congress from Nebraska.
Eastmafi, Benjamin C — A Representative in
Congress from Wisconsin, from 1851 to 1855. He
died February 5, 1856,, at Platteville, in that State.
Eastman f Ira A, — He was born in New Hamp-
shire ; graduated in Dartmouth College in 1829 ;
served in the State Legislature, and was Speaker of
the House from 1837 to 1839 ; he was at one time
, Secretary of the State Senate ; Register of Probate ;
and from 1844 to 1859 was a Judge of the Circuit and
Supreme Court ; and elected a Representative in Con-
gress from New Hampshire from 1839 to 1843.
Eastman, John jB. — Born July 29, 1836, in
Andover, New Hampshire ; graduated from the
Scientific Department of Dartmouth College in 1862 ;
appointed Assistant at the United States Naval
Observatory, November 7, 1862, and Professor
of Mathematics in the United States Navy, Feb-
ruary 17, 1865, still continuing on duty at the Observ-
atory.
Eastman, Wehe/iniaJi, — Was born in Strafford
County, New Hampshire ; was a lawyer by profes-
sion ; settled at Farmington, New Hampshire ; was a
Senator in the State Legislature from 1820 to 1825 ;
a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire
from 1825 to 1827. Died January 11, 1856, aged
sixty-five years.
Easton, Ruftis, — He was appointed, in 1805,
United States Judge for the Territory of Louisiana ;
and elected a Delegate to Congress from Missouri
Territory from 1814 to 1816.
Eaton, Horace, — Born in Barnard, Vermont,
June 22, 1804 ; graduated at Middlebury College in
1825 ; practiced medicine in Enosbury from 1828 to
1848, when he was appointed Professor of Chemistry
and Natural History in Middlebury College, subse-
quently residing at Middlebury. He was for some
years a member of the Legislature ; Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor from 1843 to 1846 ; Superintendent of Public
Schools from 1845 to 1850, and Governor of the State
from 1846 to 1849. He was a member of the Consti-
tutional Convention in 1848. Died at Middlebury,
July 4, 1855.
Eaton, John, — He was born in Sutton, New
Hampshire, December 5, 1829 ; graduated at Dart
mouth College in 1854 ; removed to Ohio, and was
Superintendent of Schools at Toledo from 1856 to
1859 ; studied theology ati Andover ; served as a Chap-
lain in the Army ; had charge of the Freedmen in the
extreme South ; was commissioned a Colonel in the
Volunteer Service, and bre vetted a General ; held a
number of official positions during the war ; estab-
lished and edited the Daily Post at Memphis, Ten-
nessee ; and in 1870 he was appointed United States
132
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Commissioner of Education, Wrote and published
many papers on matters connected with education.
Eaton, tfohn H, — He was born in Tennessee ;
was a Senator in Congress from Tennessee from 1818
to 1829 ; was Secretary of War under President Jack-
son (as well as a warm personal friend) from 1829 to
1831 ; from 1834 to 1836 was Governor of the Terri-
tory of Florida ; and from 1836 to 1840 Minister Plen-
ipotentiary to Spain. He died in Washington, Dis-
trict of Columbia, November 17, 1856, aged sixty-six
years. He was the author of a Life of Andrew Jack-
son.
Eaton, Leivis, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1823 to 1825.
EatoUf Williarn W, — Bom in Tolland, Con-
necticut, in October, 1816 ; educated at public schools
generally, but also had private teaching ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar ; settled in Hart-
ford, and had an active practice ; was elected a mem-
ber of the House of Representatives of Connecticut in
1847, 1848, 1853, 1863, 1868, 1870, 1871, 1873, and
1874 ; was elected Speaker in 1853 and 1873, and State
Senator in 1850 ; and in 1874 he was elected United
States Senator for the term expiring in 1881.
EcTcertf George JV. — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1847 to 1849, after which he was ap-
pointed Director of the United States Mint from 1851
to 1853. He was a physician by profession, and a
man of superior ability. Died in Philadelphia, in
July, 1865.
EckleSf Delane It, — He was born in Kentucky ;
removed to Indiana ; and was appointed Chief Justice
of the United States Court for the Territory of
Utah.
Eckleijf Ephraini H, — Born in Jefferson Coun-
ty, Ohio, December 9, 1812 ; received his education
in the West ; read law, and came to the bar in 1837 ;
was a member of the Ohio Senate in 1843, 1845, and
1849, serving until 1851 ; and in 1853 he was elected
to the State House of Representatives. After the Re-
bellion broke out he had charge, as Colonel, of the
Twenty-sixth and Eightieth Regiments of Ohio Vol-
unteers, serving through several battles, and at the
battle of Corinth he had command of a brigade. In
1862 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tees on Private Land Claims, and on Roads and
Canals ; and in March, 1863, resigned his position in
the army. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on the Public Lands and
on Accounts. He was also a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and was
re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on old
Committees.
Eddi/f Norman, — ^He was bom in New York,
and having removed to Indiana, was a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855.
Eddy, Samuel, — Bom in Providence, Rhode
Island, March 31, 1769 ; graduated at Brown Uni-
versity in 1787 ; studied law, but did not long engage
in practice. In 1798 he was chosen Secretary of
•State, and held the office for twenty-one years, when
he resigned, and was elected a Representative in
Congress from his native State from 1819 to 1825.
He was subsequently Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of Rhode Island for eight years. He devoted
some attention to literary pursuits, and was honored
in 1801 with the degree of LL.D. He died in Provi-
.dence, February 3, 1839.
Eden, Charles, — Was Governor of North Caro-
lina from 1713 to 1722. Died March 26, 1722, aged
forty-eight years.
EdeUf John JS.— Was born in Bath County, Ken-
tucky, February 1, 1826 ; went with his parents, at an
early age, to Indiana, and received a common-school
education ; studied law, and commenced the practice
of it in Illinois. In 1856 he was appointed State At-
torney for the Seventeenth District, which office he
held four years ; and in 1862 he was elected a Repre-
sentative from Illinois to the Thirty-eighth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committees on Accounts
and Revolutionary Pensions. He was re-elected to
the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving
on the Committee on Claims. In December, 1875, he
was appointed Chairman of the Committee on War
Claims.
Edgecombf Willard W, — He was a citizen of
Maine, and, while holding the position of Consul at
Cape Town, in Africa, was empowered to negotiate a
treatv of friendship and commerce with the Orange
Free 'states, in 1871.
Edgerton, Alfred E, — He was born in New
York, and, removing to Ohio, was elected a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1855.
Edgerton, Joseph Kefchtnn, — Born in Ver-
gennes, Vermont, February 16, 1818 ; spent his youth
in Clinton County, New York, and received a com-
mon-school education, chiefly at Plattsburg ; read
law ; settled in New York City, in 1835 ; and came to
the bar in 1839, and removed to Fort Wayne, Indiana,
in 1844. In 1855 he was President of the Fort Wayne
and Chicago Railroad Company, and subsequently
financial agent of the same when consolidated with
the Pittsburg road, and in 1862 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from Indiana to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs.
Edget^tofif Sidney, — Bora in Cazenovia, Madi-
son County, New York, in 1818 ; became an orphan
when a mere boy, and acquired an academic education
by means of his own exertions, teaching school and
studying at the same time ; removed to Ohio in 1844,
and studied law, spending one year at the Law School
in Cincinnati ; he was a Prosecuting Attorney for four
years in Summit County ; and was elected a Represent-
ative from Ohio to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving
as a member of the Committee on the District of Co-
lumbia. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress,
serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims
and Private Land Claims. He was appointed by
President Lincoln a Judge for the Territory of Idaho,
and, subsequently, Governor of Montana.
Edie, John JR. — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth and
Thirty-fifth Congresses from that State, serving as a
member of the Committee on Patents.
EdrnandSf J, Wiley, — He was bom in Massa-
chusetts, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1858 to 1855.
Edmondf Williarn, — Bom at South Britain, Con-
necticut, September 28, 1755, and graduated at Yale
College in 1773. He was a volunteer soldier at the
burning of Danbury, and received a wound in the leg
which made him lame for life. He was a lawyer by
profession ; was chosen a member of the Legislature,
member of the Council, and Judge of the Supreme
Court of the State, and a member of Congress from
Connecticut from 1798 to 1801. He died in Newton,
Connecticut, August 1, 1838.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
133
Edmonds f John Worth, — Born in Hudson,
New York, March 13, 1799 ; graduated at Union
College in 1816 ; was admitted to the bar in 1819 and
began to practice in Hudson in 1820 ; he was a mem-
ber of the Legislature in 1831 ; and of the Senate
from 1832 to 1836 ; and also of the Court of Errors,
In 1836 and 1837 he was sent by the Government on
special missions to the Indians on the frontiers. In
1837 he resumed the practice of law in New York
city ; was Prison Inspector in 1843 ; Circuit Judge
from 1845 to 1847 ; Judge of the Superior Court from
1847 to 1852 ; and a member of the Court of Appeals in
1852 and 1853 ; when he retired and practiced in New
York. He became an advocate of Spiritualism in
1853, and published a work, in two volumes, on the
subject ; and also other additional volumes. Died in
New York, April 5, 1874.
Edmondson, Henry A, — He was born in Vir-
ginia, and having been elected a Representative in
Congress from that State, in 1849, was re-elected to
each successive Congress down to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on
Public Expenditures.
Edmunds, George F, — He was born in Rich-
mond, Vermont, February 1, 1828 ; received a com-
mon-school education, and enjoyed the instructions of
a private tutor ; he studied law, and came to the bar
in 1849, devoting himself exclusively to the legal pro-
fession. In 1851 he settled in Burlington, and in
1854, 1855, 1857, 1858, and 1859, was elected to
the Vermont Legislature, serving three years as
Speaker ; in 1861 and 1862 he was elected to the
State Senate, officiating as President pro tern, of that
body during those years. On the breaking out of
the Rebellion he was a member of the State Conven-
tion which met to form a coalition between the Re-
publicans and War Democrats, and drew up the
resolutions which were adopted in that Convention as
the basis of union for the country. On the death of
Solomon Foot, he was appointed in his place to the
United States Senate, taking his seat in April, 1866,
and the appointment was confirmed by the Legisla-
ture. The Committees upon which he served were
those on Commerce, Public Lands, Pensions, Re-
trenchment, and the Judiciary. He was also a Dele-
gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of
1866. During the Forty-second and Forty-third Con-
gresses he was Chairman of the Committee on the
Judiciary, and was re-elected to the Senate for the
term ending in 1881.
Edmunds f 6r. — He was an emigrant to Utah, and
was appointed an Associate Judge of the United
States Court for that Territory.
Edmunds, James M. — He was born in Nia-
gara County, New York, August 23, 1810 ; received
a common school and academical education. From
1826 until 1831 he was a school teacher ; removed to
Michigan and became a merchant at Ypsilanti. He
was for ten years an Inspector of Schools, holding also
a number of other local positions ; in 1839 he was elect-
ed to the State Senate ; in 1846 to the Lower House ;
in 1847 he was the Whig candidate for Governor, but
not elected. He was a member of the Constitutional
Convention of 1851 ; ux 1853 he removed to Detroit and
entered extensively into the lumbering business.
From 1857 to 1861 he was Comptroller of Detroit,
which ofiice he resigned to become Commissioner of
the General Land Office in Washington ; resigning
that position in 1866 he was chosen Postmaster of
the United States Senate, which he resigned in 1869,
to accept the office of Postmaster of Washington
City. From 1855 to 1861 he was Chairman of the
Republican State Central Committee of Michigan ;
President of the Michigan Soldiers' Relief Associ-
ation in Washington City, from its organization in
1861 ; and he was also President of the National
Council of the Union League of America from its or-
ganization in 1862 to 1869, when he retired from the
position.
Edmnnds, Netvton, — He was born in New
York ; was an early emigrant to Dakota : and in 1863
he was appointed Governor of that Territory, resid-
ing at Yankton, and serving in that office until 1866.
JEdsall, Joseph E. — He was born in Sussex
County, New Jersey, and was elected a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State from 1887 to 1889.
He was also a member of the State Legislature, and
of the Convention which framed the last State Con-
stitution.
Edward, John, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1837 to 1843.
Edwards, Benjamin. — Was born in Stafford
County, Virginia, in 1752, and died in Todd County,
Kentucky, November 13, 1826, He had not the ad-
vantage of a classical education, and his pursuits
were those of agriculture and merchandise. He was
a member of the Maryland Legislature ; also of the
State Convention which ratified the Federal Constitu-
tion ; and a member of Congress from Maryland from
1794 to 1795, to fill the unexpired term of Uriah For-
rest, He spent the latter years of his life in Ken-
tucky, but held no public position in that State,
Edwards, Francis S, — He was born in Nor-
wich, Connecticut, May 28, 1818 ; adopted the pro-
fession of law ; and removing to New York, was ap-
pointed a Master in Chancery, in 1841, for the County
of Chenango ; in 1851 was elected Surrogate of Chau-
tauqua County ; and in 1854 to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress from New York,
Edwards, Henry TV, — He was born in New
Haven, Connecticut, in 1779 ; graduated at Princeton
College in 1797 ; studied his profession at the Litch-
field Law School, and settled in New Haven. He
was a Representative in Congress from 1819 to 1823 ;
United States Senator from 1823 to 1827 ; member of
the State Senate in 1828 and 1829 ; Speaker of the
Connecticut House of Representatives in 1830 ; Gov-
ernor in 1833, and from 1885 to 1838 ; and upon his
recommendation a geological survey of the State
was taken. He died in New Haven, July 22, 1847,
Edwards, James L, — He was born in Virginia,
and was appointed from that State in 1837, the Com-
missioner of Pensions, serving in that capacity until
1850,
Edtvards, John, — He was a member of the
Kentucky Legislature from Fayette County in 1781,
1782, 1788, and 1785 ; was a Commissioner who chose
the seat of Government at Frankfort in 1785 ; was a
member of the State Conventions of that year ; and
of the Convention to ratify the Federal Constitution
in 1792 ; and was United States Senator from Ken-
tucky from 1792 to 1795,
Edwards, John,— Re was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1839 to 1848, and
died in Chester, Pennsylvania, June 25, 1843.
Edwards, John C— He was a Representative in
Congress from Missouri from 1841 to 1843, and
Governor of that State from 1844 to 1848.
Edwards, Ninian.—Wsi^ born in Montgomery
County, Maryland, March, 1775. He was in early
134
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
life tlie intimate friend of William Wirt, and grad-
uated at Dickinson College. He studied both medi-
cine and law, but devoted himself to the practice of
the law with eminent success. Removing to Ken-
tucky, he was twice elected to the Legislature ; was
appointed a Circuit Clerk, and subsequently Judge of
the General Court of Kentucky, of the Circuit Court,
of the Court of Appeals, and finally, Chief Justice
of the State, and all before reaching the thirty-
second year of his age. In 1809 President Madison
appointed him Governor of the Territory of Illinois,
to which office he was three times re-appointed. Be-
fore Congress had adopted any measures on the sub-
ject of volunteer rangers, he organized companies,
supplied them with arms, built stockade forts, and
established a line of posts from the mouth of the
Missouri to the Wabash River. He was thus pre-
pared for defense, and during the Indian wars on the
frontiers was most devoted to his country's service.
In 1816 he was appointed a Commissioner to treat
with the Indian tribes. When Illinois became a
State, he was elected a Senator in Congress, serving
from 1818 to 1824, when he was appointed Minister to
Mexico, but declined the office. In 1826 he was
elected Governor of the State of Illinois, which office
he filled until 1831. He died of cholera, July 20, 1833.
Edwards f Piet^reponf. — He was bom in North-
ampton, Massachusetts, April 8, 1750; and was the
youngest son of Jonathan Edwards, the distinguished
divine. From the fact that his fatiaer was a mission-
ary among the Stockbridge Indians, he spent much
of his early boyhood among that people, and acquired
the language so perfectly that he was wont to say
that he "thought in Indian." His later boyhood he
spent in New Jersey and North Carolina, and was
educated at Princeton College. He studied law, and
settled in the practice of the profession at New
Haven, Connecticut, and he was frequently elected
to the Connecticut Legislature ; was administrator
of the estate of Benedict Arnold at the time of his
treason. He served in the amiy during the Revolu-
tion ; was in two hard-fought battles ; and, at the
battle of Danbury he was reported killed, because he
remained on the battle-field for the purpose of rescu-
ing a friend ; he was a Delegate from Connecti-
cut to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788.
He subsequently filled the office of United States
Judge for the State of Connecticut, which he held at
the time of his death, v/hich occurred at Bridgeport,
Connecticut, April 1, 1826. He was the founder of
what was called the Toleration Party in Connecticut,
and by his ability and perseverance called down upon
his head the animosity of the Calvinists ; and he was
also the first Grand Master among the Masons of
Connecticut, having, in fact, drawn up the Constitu-
tion of the original Lodge in that State.
Edivards, Samuel, — He was born in Delaware
County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1819 to 1827.
EdwardSf TJioinas M. — Born in Cheshire
County, New Hampshire ; graduated at Dartmouth
College ; adopted the profession of law ; served eight
years in the New Hampshire Legislature between
the years 1834 and 1856 ; was a Presidential Elector
in 1856 ; and, in 1859, was elected a Representative
from New Hampshire to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committee on Indian
Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress.
He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Lovalists'
Convention " of 1866.
EdivardSf To7n 0. — He was born in Maryland,
and, having taken up his residence in Ohio, was
elected a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1817 to 1849.
Edtvards, Weldon JV, — Born in Northampton
County, North Carolina, in 1788 ; educated at War-
renton Academy ; read law, and came to the bar in
1810 ; was in the Legislature for two years ; and was
a member of Congress from North Carolina from 1816
to 1827. He again went into the Legislature, serving
there from 1833 to 1841 ; and was re-elected in 1850,
when he was made President of the State Senate.
He was President of a State Convention in 1861 ; and
died in Warren, North Carolina, December 18, 1873.
EdivardSf William JP, — He was born in Geor-
gia ; received a legal education ; and was elected a
Representative from that State to the ^^ortieth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary
Claims.
Effher, Valenti^ie. — ^Jle was born in New York ;
a member of the Assembly of that State in 1829 ; and
a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1837.
Egbert f A, G. — Born in Mercer County, Penn-
sylvania, April 13, 1828 ; educated principally in pub-
lic schools ; was trained a farmer ; quit that business
in 1852 to attend two academic courses in Ohio. In
1853 commenced the study of medicine, and gradu-
ated in 1856 ; engaged in practice for six years, and
then turned his attention again to farming and to the
production and manufacturing of petroleum oil ; was
elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the
Forty-fourth Congress. In December, 1875, he was
appointed Chairman of the Committee on Mileage.
Egbert f tToseph, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1841 to 1843.
Ege, George. — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania, during the years 1796 and
1797, for the unexpired term of D. Heister, resigned.
EgglestoUf Senjamin, — He was born in Cor-
inth, Saratoga County, New York, January 3, 1816 ;
removed with his father to Hocking County, Ohio,
in 1831, where he entered upon commercial pur-
suits, and since which time he has been exten-
sively identified with the business interests and pros-
perity of Cincinnati and Ohio. He was connected for
many years with the Board of Public Works of Ham-
ilton County and Cincinnati, and was its Chairman ;
was the effective Chairman, also, of an important
Finance Committee, in a time of great public distress ;
President of the City Council, and was likewise for
some years a member of the State Legislature. He
was a member of the Chicago Convention of 1860,
and a Presidential Elector at the following election ;
and in looking after the welfare of the Ohio soldiers
during the Rebellion, rendered services that were
universally acknowledged. One or two important
canals were inaugurated by him, and carried on un-
der his supervision ; and, in 1861, he was elected a
Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Commerce, and
Expenditures in the Post Office Department, and
Revenue Frauds. He was also a Delegate to the
Pljiladelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ; and
was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on
the additional Committee of Expenditures in the Post
Office Department. He subsequently published sev-
eral successful novels.
EgglestoUf JTosej^h, — Born in Amelia County,
Virginia, November 21, 1751, and died February 15,
1811. He was educated at the College of William
and Mary ; served in the Revolutionary War as a
Captain and Major of Cavalry under Colonel Henry
Lee ; was in several of the battles fought by Gates
and Greene ; he served in the Virginia Assembly for
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
135
several years ; and was a Representative in Congress
from Virginia from 1798 to 1801. From the time of
his leaving Congress until his death he was a Justice
of the Peace.
Ela, Jacob H* — Born in Rochester, New Hamp-
shire, July 18, 1820 ; began active life as a printer in
the office of the Statesman newspaper in 1837 ;
established and edited the Herald of Freedom, and
also participated in establishing the Independent
Democrat. In 1857 and 1858 he was a member of the
State Legislature, and filled several other State
offices ; in 1851 he was appointed by President Lin-
coln United States Marshal for his State, holding the
office until 1866 ; and in 1867 he was elected a Repre-
sentative from New Hampshire to the Fortieth
and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees
on Printing, Claims, and Freedmen's Affairs. In 1872
he was appointed Fifth Auditor of the Treasury.
JEldred, Kathaniel B, — He was born in Orange
County, New York, in 1795; a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1822 to 1828 ; for
a time Canal Commissioner of Pennsylvania ; Naval
Officer at Philadelphia from 1852 to 1856 ; and died
at Bethany, Pennsylvania, January 27, 1867.
Eldridge, Charles A, — He was born in Bridge-
port, Addison County, Vermont,* February 27, 1821.
When a child he removed with his parents to St.
Lawrence County, New York ; studied law in that
State, and came to the bar in 1846. In 1848 he
removed to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin ; in 1854 and
1855 he was a member of the State Senate ; and in
1862 he was elected a Representative from Wisconsin
to tUe Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-
ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
Revolutionary Claims and Naval Affairs. He was
also a Delegate to the Philadelphia ^' National
Union Convention " of 1866 ; and was re-elect«d to
the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on
the Judiciary and Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected
to the three succeeding Congresses, serving on the
Judiciary Committee and that on the District of
Columbia.
Elgaf'f Joseph* — He was appointed Commis-
sioner of Public Buildings for the District of
Columbia in 1816, and continued in that office until
1834.
Eliotf Samuel A, — Born in Boston, Massachu-
setts, March 5, 1798 ; educated at Harvard College,
and engaged in commercial and manufacturing busi-
ness. He was Mayor of Boston from 1837 to 1839 ;
Representative and Senator in the Legislature for
three or four years ; and a Representative in Con-
gress from 1850 to 1851. He was also Treasurer of
Harvard College eleven years. Died at Cambridge,
January 26, 1862.
Eliotf Thomas D, — Born in Boston, Massachu-
setts, March 20, 1808 ; graduated at Columbia College,
Washington, in 1825 ; adopted the profession of law,
and settled at New Bedford ; served in both Houses
of the Massachusetts Legislature ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress forxthe unexpired term of Zeno
Scudder, in 1855 ; and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce ;
re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was
Chairman of the Special Committee on Confiscation
of the property of rebels ; and was re-elected to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees
on Commerce and on Expenditures in the Treasury
Department, and also as Chairman of the Special
Committee on Emancipation, Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, and was again a member of
the Committee on Commerce, and Chairman of that
on Freedmen, and also of that on the New Orleans
Riots. Several important bills bearing on the colored
race were drawn up by him. He was also a Delegate
to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ;
and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Died at
New Bedford, June 15, 1870.
ElkinSf Stephen E, — He was born in Ohio,
September 26, 1841 ; removed to Missouri when
young; graduated at the University of that State in
1860 ; studied law, and went to the Territory of
New Mexico in 1863; was a member of the Legisla-
ture in 1864 and 1865; held the offices of District At-
torney, Attorney-General, and United States District
Attorney in the Territory; and was elected to the
Forty-third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-
fourth Congress.
Ellevy, Christopher, — He graduated at Yale
College in 1787 ; was a Senator in Congress from
Rhode Island from 1801 to 1805 ; and was appointed in
the latter year. United States Commissioner of
Loans. He was appointed Collector of Newport in
1828, and died in 1840.
Ellery, JVilliam, — He was born in Newport,
Rhode Island, December 22, 1727 ; graduated at
Harvard College in 1747 ; was a lawyer by profes-
sion ; a Delegate to the Continental Congress from
1776 to 1780, and from 1783 to 1785 ; was a signer of
the Declaration of Independence, and also of the
Articles of Confederation ; in 1786 he was appointed
Commissioner of Loans for Rhode Island ; was elect-
ed C^hief Justice of the State ; and in 1789 he was
appointed by Washington Collector of Newport,
which office he held until his death, which occurred
February 15, 1820.
Ellicottf Afidrew, — He was born in Bucks
County, Pennsylvania, January 24, 1754 ; was a Civil
Engineer ; founded the town of Ellicott's Mills, in
Maryland ; was a personal friend of Franklin and
Washington ; in 1790 was employed by the General
Government to survey and lay out the City of Wash-
ington. In 1792 he was appointed Surveyor-General
of the United States, and in 1812 became a Professor
of Mathematics at West Point, where he died, August
29, 1820,
Ellicottf Eenjamin, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1817 to 1819,
Elliot^ John, — He graduated at Yale College in
1794; resided in Sunbury, Liberty County, Georgia,
and was a Senator in Congress from that State from
1819 to 1825. serving on several important Commit-
tees. He died August 9, 1827.
Elliott^ James, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Vermont from 1803 to 1809, and died
at Newfane, Vermont, November 10, 1839.
Elliott f James T, — Born in Monroe County,
Georgia, April 22, 1823 ; received a common-school
education ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1854 ;
was chosen President of a railroad company in 1858 ;
was elected a Circuit Judge in Arkansas in 1866 ; es-
tablished a newspaper at Camden, in that State,
in 1867, called the South Arkansas Journal; and
was elected a Representative from Arkansas to the
Fortieth Congress, for the unexpired term of James
Hinds, who was assassinated,
Elliott f John M.— Born in Scott County, Vir-
ginia, May 16, 1820, He was educated in the county
schools of Kentucky ; studied law, and commenced
to practice in 1843 ; was elected to the State 'Legis-
136
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
lature in 1847 ; and, in 1853, was elected a Represent-
ative in Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Public Expenditures.
Elliott f Robert BrowUf of Columbia, —
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, August 11, 1842 ; in
1853 entered High Holborn Academy, in London,
England ; in 1855 entered Eton College, England,
and graduated in 1859 ; studied law, and practiced
his profession ; was a member of the State Constitu-
tional Convention of South Carolina in 1868 : was a
member of the House of Representatives of South
Carolina from 1868 to 1870 ; was appointed in 1869
Assistant Adjutant-General, which position he held
until elected to the Forty-second Congress. Re-
elected to the Forty-third Congress, and served on
several Committees, but resigned.
ElUSf Caleb, — Born at Walpole, Massachusetts,
and graduated at Harvard College in 1793 ; when ad-
mitted to the bar he settled at Claremont, New
Hampshire. He was a Representative in Congress
from 1805 to 1809 ; was a member of the Council,
and in 1811 elected to the State Senate. In 1812 he
was one of the Electors of President and Vice-Presi-
dent ; and in 1813 was Judge of the Supreme Court
of New Hampshire, and continued in that office until
his death, which occurred May 9, 1816, aged forty-
nine years.
JElliSf Cheselden, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1843 to 1845.
ElliSf E. John. — Born in Covington, St. Tam-
many Parish, Louisiana, of which State his father,
E. P. Ellis, was a District Judge ; partially edu-
cated at Centenary College, but graduated at the
University of Louisiana in 1861 ; entered the Con-
federate Army as a private, and became Captain of
Infantry, serving under Generals Johnston, Beaure-
gard, and Bragg ; in 1863 he was captured and im-
prisoned at Johnson's Island, Lake Erie ; after his
release, in 1865, he returned to Louisiana and began
practicing law, which he continued until 1874, when
he was elected a Representative from Louisiana to
the Forty-fourth Congress. In December, 1875, he
was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Mis-
sissippi Levees.
ElHSf John Willis, — Born in Rowan, North
Carolina, November 23, 1820 ; graduated at the Uni-
versity of North Carolina in 1841 ; studied law ;
was a member of the House of Commons of that
State from 1844 to 1848, then Judge of the Superior
Courts of Law and Equity ; and was Governor of
North Carolina from 1859 till his death, which oc-
curred in Raleigh, in 1861.
Ellis, Foivhatan, — He was born in Virginia,
but removing at an early day to Mississippi there de-
voted himself to the practice of law. He became one
of the Judges of the Supreme Court of that State ; in
1825 he was appointed to a seat in the United States
Senate, but was displaced by the Legislature ; in
1827, however, the Legislature elected him a Senator
in Congress, where he served until 1833, after which
he was appointed United States Judge for the Dis-
trict of Mississippi. In 1836 he was appointed Charge
d' Affaires to Mexico, and in 1839 full Minister to that
Republic.
ElliSf Vespasian, — He was a citizen of Mis-
souri, and in 1844 was appointed Charge d' Affaires to
Venezuela, where he remained until 1845.
Ellis^ William C — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1823 to 1825.
Ellison^ Andreiv, — He was born in Ireland, and,
having emigrated to Ohio, was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress from 1853 to 1855.
Ellsworth, Henry Leavitt, — Born at Windsor,
Connecticut, November 10, 1791 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1810 ; studied law at Litchfield, and settled
at Windsor, but after a few years removed to Hart-
ford, where he lived about ten years ; was then
appointed Resident Commissioner among the Indian
tribes in Arkansas ; was United States Commissioner
of Patents from 1836 to 1845 ; his Reports to Congress
during this period added greatly to the improvement
of agriculture ; he then settled in Lafayette, Indiana,
where he was a purchaser of United States land. In
1857 he returned to Connecticut. He was the author
of ''Digest of Patents from 1770 to 1839." Died at
Fair Haven, Connecticut, December 27, 1858.
Ellsworth, Henry W, — He was the son of
Henry L., and born in Windsor, Connecticut, in
1814 ; graduated at Yale College in 1834 ; studied
law in New Haven Law School ; removed to In-
diana in 1835 ; was counsel for S. B. F. Morse in
some of his suits connected with telegraph patents ;
and was appointed Charge d' Affaires to Sweden in
1845. Died at New Haven, in August, 1864. He
was the author of " Sketches of the Upper Wa-
bash Valley," and a* contributor to the Knickerbocker
Magazine.
Ellsn'orfh, Oliver, — Born at Windsor, Connec-
ticut, April 29, 1745, and graduated at Princeton Col-
lege, New Jersey, in 1766. He studied law, and soon
became eminent in the practice. In 1777 he was
chosen a Delegate in Congress from Connecticut. In
1780 he was elected to the Council of Connecticut,
and was a member of that body till 1784, when he
was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court of that
State. In 1787 he was elected a member of the Con-
vention which framed the Federal Constitution. In
an assembly illustrious for talents, erudition, and
patriotism, he held a distinguished place. His exer-
tions essentially aided in the production of an instru-
ment which has been the main pillar of American
prosperity and glory. He was afterwards a member
of the State Convention of Connecticut, and contrib-
uted his efforts towards procuring the ratification of
the Constitution by that State. When the Federal
Government was organized, in 1789, he was a member
of the Senate from Connecticut. In 1796 he was ap-
pointed by Washington Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States, but resigned the office on
account of ill-health in 1800. In 1805 he was a
Presidential Elector. In 1799 he was appointed by
President Adams Envoy Extraordinary to France, for
the purpose of settling a treaty with that nation.
He received the degree of LL.D. in 1790, from Yale
College, and in 1797 from Dartmouth. He died No-
vember 26, 1807.
Ellsworth, Samuel S, — He was born in Ver-
mont ; was a member of the New York Assembly in
1840, and a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1845 to 1847.
Ellsivorth, Williafn W, — He was the son of
Oliver Ellsworth ; born in Windsor County, Connec-
ticut, November 10, 1791 ; graduated at Yale College
in 1810 ; adopted the profession of law, and was Pro-
fessor of Law in Trinity College ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Connecticut from 1829 to
1833. In 1838 he was elected Governor of Connecti-
cut, and re-elected for four years ; was a Judge of
the Supreme Court of Connecticut for many years.
Died at Hartford, Connecticut, January 15, 1868.
Elmendorf, Lucas, — He graduated at Prince-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
137
ton in 1782, and was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1797 to 1803 ; a member of the
Assembly of that State in 1804 and 1805 ; and a State
Senator from 1814 to 1817. Died August 17, 1843,
aged eighty-five years.
Elmer f Ebenezer, — He was born in Cedarville,
New Jersey, in 1752 ; was educated a physician ; was
a Field Officer in the Revolutionary War ; also a Sur-
geon in the army ; was President of the Society of the
Cincinnati for New Jersey ; a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1801 to 1807 ; served a
number of years in the State Assembly, and was
chosen Speaker ; he was also for a long time Adju-
tant-General of the New Jersey Militia ; during the
War of 1812 he commanded the troops on the Dela-
ware ; in 1807 and 1815 he was a member and Vice-
President of the State Council ; in 1808 he was ap-
pointed Collector of Bridgeton, and held the office for
many years ; died at Bridgeton, New Jersey, October
18, 1843. He was one who always seemed to think
more of his duty as a public oflBcer than of his private
interests.
Elmer, tTonathan, — He was born in Cumberland
County, New Jersey, in 1745 ; was a prominent physi-
cian, and practiced in his native county, having grad-
uated with honors at the University of Pennsylvania;
was a member of the Continental Congress ; and a
Senator in Congress under the Federal Constitution
from New Jersey from 1789 to 1791. He was one of
those who voted for locating the Seat of Government
on the Potomac. During the Revolution he was a
Sheriff, a Surrogate, and a Judge ; was a man of learn-
ing, and a member of the Philosophical Society of
America. He died in 1817.
Elmer f Lticitis Q, C. — Born in Bridgeton, New
Jersey, in 1793 ; graduated at Princeton College in
1824 ; was educated a lawyer, which profession he
practiced in his native town. For many years he was
Prosecutor for the State ; was in the Assembly from
1820 to 1823, the last year being Speaker of that body;
and in 1824 he was appointed Attorney of the United
States for New Jersey, which office he filled until
1829. He was a Representative in Congress from
New Jersey from 1843 to 1845 ; in 1850 was appointed
Attorney- General of the State ; and in 1852 one of
the Justices of the Supreme Court of his State, which
office he continued to hold until 1859.
Elmore^ Franklin Harjwr, — Born in Laurens
District, South Carolina, in 1799; entered South Caro-
lina College in November, 1817, and graduated in
1819 ; he was a lawyer by profession, and admitted
to the bar in 1821 ; was a Colonel of Militia, and also
a Trustee of the South Carolina College. In 1822 he
was elected Solicitor of the Southern Circuit, and
was continued in this office, by re-elections, until 1837,
when he was elected to the House of Representatives
in Congress, and served till 1839 ; he was that year
elected President of the Bank of the State of South
Carolina, which office he held till his appointment to
the Senate, in April, 1850, to fill the vacancy occasioned
by the death of the Hon. John C. Calhoun. His voice
was heard but once in the Senate, and then in answer-
ing to his name when called by the Secretary, He
died in Washington, District of Columbia, May 29,
1850.
Elmore, Mush, — He was born in Alabama and
settled in Kansas ; and he was appointed an Associate
Justice of the United States Court for that Territory,
residing at Lecompton.
Eli/f Alfred, — Was bom in Lyme, New London
County, Connecticut, February 18, 1815 ; removed to
Rochester, New York, in 1835 ; studied law and was
admitted to the bar in 1841, where he has since prac-
ticed his profession. In 1840, while a student at law,
he was appointed Clerk of the Recorder's Court of
Rochester ; in 1858 was elected a Representative from
New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; was re-
elected, and while in the Thirty-seventh Congress
served as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pen-
sions. In July, 1861, he was a witness of the battle
of Bull Run, where he was captured and taken as a
prisoner of war to Richmond ; after a confinement of
more than five months he was exchanged in December,
1861, for the Hon. Charles J, Faulkner, the American
Minister to France, who had been imprisoned for dis-
loyalty. After his return home, Mr. Ely published a
book with this title, " Journal of Alfred Ely, a Prisoner
of War in Richmond," edited by the author of this
volume.
Elj/f flohn, — He was born in Connecticut, and was
a Representative in Congress from New York from
1839 to 1841, having previously served two years in
the Assembly of that State.
Ely, Smith f Jr, — He was born in New Jersey in
1825, his grandfather having served with honor in
the Revolution ; after receiving a good education, he
studied law and came to the bar in 1846, but did not
practice the profession ; devoted himself for many
years to mercantile pursuits ; in 1856 he was elected
a School Trustee ; in 1857 to the State Senate ; was
County Supervisor from 1806 to 1870 ; was elected a
Representative from New York to the Forty-second
Congress, serving on various committees ; in 1872 he
was elected a Commissioner of Public Instruction,
and in 1874 he was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress. In December, 1875, he was appointed Chair-
man of the Committee on Expenditures in the Treas-
ury Department.
Ely, William, — He graduated at Yale College
in 1787 ; was a Representative in Congress from Mas-
sachusetts from 1805 to 1815, and died in 1817.
Enibree, Elisha. — Born in Lincoln County,
Kentucky, September 28, 1801, and removed with his
father in 1811, to the south-western portion of Indi-
ana Territory, where he long continued to reside. He
received a common-school education, after which he
studied and practiced law. In 1813 he was elected to
the State Senate of Indiana ; in 1835 was chosen by
the Legislature Circuit Judge, which office he held
for ten years. In 1847 he was elected Representative
in the Thirtieth Congress from Indiana, and after the
expiration of that term became engaged in agricultu-
ral pursuits. Died at Princeton, New Jersey, March
7, 1863.
Emerson, Philip H, — He was born in Vermont,
removed to Michigan, and in 1873 was appointed one
of the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court for
the Territory of Idaho.
Emery, George TV, — He was a citizen of Ten-
nessee, and in 1875 appointed Governor of Utah.
Etnmanuel, David, — He was acting Governor
of Georgia in 1801.
Emmons, H, H, — Born in New York, and after
acquiring a good education at the common schools, he
became an assistant in his father's office, who was the
editor of a paper ; he studied law and was admitted to
the bar of that State, and soon afterwards settled in
Detroit, where his father had already located himself
as a lawyer, and with whom he became associated in
the practice of their profession about the year 1840.
In 1843 his father died ; he acquired distinction dur-
ing a period of commotion in Detroit by defending
138
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
tlie right of an American Protestant clergyman to
preach against Catholicism, Irish repeal, temperance,
or secret societies, or whatever he conscientiously be-
lieved to be injurious to the welfare — temporal or
eternal — of his fellow-citizens. In 1853 his health
became somewhat impaired by application to business,
and he partially retired from active professional life,
although his services were in frequent demand by the
railroad companies of the State, whose business he
had made a specialty. Early in 1870 he was appointed
Circuit Judge for the State of Michigan, but exercised
a much wider jurisdiction.
Emory f William Selmsley. — Was born in
Queen Anne County, Maryland, about the year 1812 ;
graduated at West Point in 1831 ; entered the Fourth
Artillery, and resigned in 1836 ; was appointed First
Lieutenant of Topographical Engineers in 1838 ; acted
as Aid-de-camp to General Kearney in California in
1846 and 1847 ; was brevet ted Captain for gallantry at
San Pasqual in 1846 ; and Major for gallantry at San
Gabriel and the Plains of Mesa, California, in 1847 ;
appointed Major of Third Dragoons in 1847, but de-
clined ; was Lieutenant-Colonel of Volunteers during
the Mexican War ; Astronomer to the Commission to
Survey the Boundary between the United States and
Mexico in 1848 ; became Captain in 1851 ; was mem-
ber of the Commission from 1854 to 1857 ; Major of
Second Cavalry in 1855 ; transferred to First Cavalry
in same year. In 1861 he was serving in New Mexico,
but brought his command in good order to Kansas,
and was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of Sixth Cav-
alry. He served in the Peninsular Campaign in the
Army of the Potomac ; became Brigadier-General of
Volunteers in 1862, and sailed from Fortress Monroe
in command of a Division of a Southern Expedition ;
commanded a Division of Banks' Army, at Port Hud-
son, Sabine Cross Roads, and Pleasant Hill ; and in
Sheridan's Campaign in the Shenandoah Valley com-
manded the Nineteenth Corps ; was brevetted Colonel
in 1862 for bravery at Hanover Court House ; Colonel
of Fifth Cavalry in 1863 ; Brevet-Brigadier and Major-
General United States Army in 1865, and was Major-
General of Volunteers the same year. Author of "A
Military Reconnaissance in Missouri and California ; "
" Notes of Travel in California," and " The Report of
the United States and Mexican Boundary Commis-
sion."
Einottf James. — Born in Albany, New York, in
1770 ; he did not receive a collegiate education, but
in 1800 Union College conferred on him the degree of
A.M. He was a distinguished member of the bar,
and under the old Constitution of New York, he, for
several years, filled the office of First Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas for his county, and in that
capacity gave that court a rank among the best of the
State. Under the Constitution of 1821 he was ap-
pointed Judge for the Second District, which station
lie filled until he reached the age of sixty years,
which required him to retire. He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from his native State from 1809 to
1813, and died in Poughkeepsie, April 7, 1850.
EmriSf tT, Iteece, — He was born in Ohio, and
elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-
fourth Congress.
English, JTaines E, — Was born in New Haven,
Connecticut, in March, 1812 ; received a common-
school education ; was bred a carpenter and became
a master builder, and a dealer in lumber; entered
into mercantile pursuits, and continued to do busi-
ness as a merchant until 1855, since which he has
been extensively engaged in several branches of man-
ufacture. In 1855 he was a member of the Legisla-
ture of Connecticut ; in 1856 was elected to the State
Senate, and declined a re-election ; was a candidate
for Lieutenant-Governor of Connecticut in 1860, but
was not elected ; and was elected a Representative
from his native State to the Thirty-seventh Congress ;
and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving
on the Committees on the Public Lands and Expendi-
tures in the State Department. He was also a Dele-
gate to the Philadelphia * ' National Union Conven-
tion " of 1866 ; and was elected Governor of Connec-
ticut in 1867, 1868, and 1870. He subsequently trav-
eled extensively. In November, 1875, he was ap-
pointed a Senator in Congress to fill the vacancy
caused by the death of 0. S. Ferry.
English f William H, — Born in Scott County,
Indiana, August 27, 1822. He received a good com-
mon-school education, and spent three years at the
University of South Hanover ; studied law, and was
admitted to practice in 1846, but when at home is
chiefly devoted to agricultural pursuits ; in 1843 he
was elected Clerk of the House of Representatives of
Indiana ; during President Polk's administration he
was a Clerk in the Treasury Department ; he was the
Clerk of the State Constitutional Convention in 1850 ;
in 1851 he was elected to the State Legislature, and
officiated as Speaker ; in 1852 he was elected a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Indiana ; re-elected in
1854, and made a Regent of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion ; again elected in 1856, and during the first ses
sion of the Thirty-fifth Congress took part in the
Kansas Compromise measure, and officiated at the
same time as Chairman of the Committee on Post
Offices and Post Roads. He was re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same Commit-
tee.
EpjyeSf John W, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1803 to 1811, and again
from 1813 to 1815 ; was a Senator in Congress from
1817 to 1819, when he resigned from ill-health. He
died near Richmond, Virginia, September, 1823, aged
fifty years.
ErdniaUf Jacob, — He was born in Pennsylva-
nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1845 to 1847. Died in Lehigh County,
July 20, 1867.
ErskinCf John, — He was born in Ireland, re-
sided at Atlanta, Georgia, and in 1866 was appointed
United States Judge for the District of Georgia.
Ei'vlnf James, — Born in South Carolina, in Oc-
tober, 1778 ; graduated at Brown University in 1797 ;
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1800 ;
served in the State Legislature in 1801 and 1802, and
from 1804 to 1816 ; was a Solicitor of the Northern
Circuit ; eight years a Trustee of the South Carolina
College ; a Representative in Congress from South
Carolina from 1817 to 1821, and died in 1841.
Erving, George W, — Born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, i771 ; went with his father's family to Eng-
land in 1776 ; was educated at Oxford, England, and
returning to his native country, was made Consul to
London by Jefferson ; was Secretary of Legation to
Spain in 1804 ; Special Minister to Denmark in 1811
and Minister to Spain in 1814. Died in New York
July, 1850.
Erwin, David, — He was an early emigrant to
Michigan, and in 1832 he was appointed a Judge for
the Territory of Michigan.
Eshridge, Thomas P, — He was an early emi-
grant to Arkansas ; a man of good education and
a lawyer ; and be was appointed United States Judge
for the Territory, serving in that capacity as late as
1831.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
139
Espy, tT antes P, — Born in Washington County,
Pennsylvania, May 9, 1785 ; after some years' study
he published, in 1841, " Philosophy of Storms. " He
had ijreviously communicated to the British Associa-
tion a paper on storms, and another on the '■ Four
Daily Fluctuations of the Barometer." In 1843 he
was employed by the War Department to prosecute
his investigations in the Washington Observatory,
and several quarto volumes of his reports were pub-
lished by the Government. He died at Cincinnati,
Ohio, January 24, 1860.
JEstilf Senjamin, — He was born in Washington
County, Virginia, and was a Bepresentative in Con-
gress from Virginia from 1825 to 1827.
Esty, Constantine C, — He was born in Fram-
ingham, Massachusetts, December 26, 1824 ; gradu-
ated at Yale College in 1845 ; admitted to the bar in
1847 ; was a member of the State Senate in 1857 and
1858 and of the House in 1867 ; was appointed Asses-
sor of Internal Revenue in 1862, and removed in
1866 ; re-appointed in 1867, and resigned in 1872 ; was
appointed a member of the State Board of Education
in 1871, and elected to the Forty-second Congress.
Efheridgef Emerson, — He was born in Curri-
tuck, North Carolina, September 28, 1819 ; when thir-
teen years of age he removed to Tennessee, where he
received a common -school education, and having stud-
ied law, was admitted to the bar in 1840. In 1845 he
was elected to the State Legislature for two years, and
was at once nominated for Speaker, which he lost by
two votes ; and in 1853 he was elected a Representa-
tive from Tennessee to the Thirty-third Congress ; re-
elected to the Thirty-fourth, and also to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving during his last term as Chair-
man of the Committee on Indian Affairs. On the
meeting of the Thirty-seventh Congress, he was elected
Clerk of the House of Representatives. He subse-
quently devoted much of his time to the study of
philosophy, as well as to the practice of his profes-
sion.
EustiSf George. — Was born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, October 20, 1796 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1815 ; was Private Secretary to his
uncle, William Eustis, when Minister to the Hague ;
and there acquired great proficiency in civil law ; in
1817 removed to New Orleans, and was admitted to
the bar in 1822 ; was several times a member of the
State Legislature ; was Secretary of State ; and in
1845 was a member of the Constitutional Convention ;
was a leading Commissioner of the Board of Cur-
rency ; was Attorney-General of Louisiana ; then
Judge, and subsequently Chief Justice of the Su-
preme Court of the State until 1852. Died in New
Orleans, December 28, 1858. His son George was
in Congress.
EusfiSf George, Jr,~Re was born in Louisi-
ana, and was educated at Harvard University ; prac-
ticed law in New Orleans, and was elected a Repre-
sentative to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con-
gresses, serving on the Committee on Commerce.
During the Rebellion he served as Private Secretary
to John M. Mason, when Confederate Commissioner to
France, and he died in Europe. His father, bearing
the same name, was an eminent judge in Massachu-
setts.
EifstiSf William, — Was born in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, June 10, 1753 ; after graduating at
Harvard College in 1782, he studied medicine with Dr.
Joseph Warren. At the beginning of the war he was
appointed Surgeon of a regiment, and afterwards
Hospital Surgeon. In 1777, and during most of
the war, he occupied, as a hospital, the spacious
house of Colonel Robinson, a royalist, opposite to
West Point ; ArnoM had his headquarters in the
same house. At the termination of the war he com-
menced the practice of his profession in Boston. In
1800 he was elected a Rei:)resentative in Congress
from Massachusetts, serving until 1805. In 1809
he was appointed Secretary of War by President
Madison, and continued in office until 1813, when, on
account of the surrender of Hull, he resigned. In
1815 he was sent as Ambassador to Holland. After
his return, he was a Representative in Congress from
1820 to 1823. He was chosen Governor of Massachu-
setts in 1823, and died in Boston, after a short illness,
February 6, 1825.
EvanSf Aleocander, — He was born at Elkton,
Cecil County, Maryland, his ancestors having settled
in that county more than a hundred years ago. His
education was received at a village school until
fifteen years of age, and his first avocation was that
of a civil engineer. In 1842 he commenced the study
of law in his native town, and was admitted to the bar
in 1845. He was a Representative in Congress from
Maryland from 1847 to 1853, since which time he has
practiced his profession at Elkton. In 1842 he was
elected Corresponding Member of the National Insti-
tute at Washington, and in 1849 received the degree
of A.M. from Delaware College. In 1851 he was
elected a member of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science, and also a member of the
Historical Society of Baltimore.
Evans, David E, — He was elected a Repre-
sentative from New York to the Twentieth Congress,
but resigned, and P. L. Tracy was elected in his place.
Evans, David M, — Born in Westmoreland,
England, February 20, 1769 ; and, having removed
to South Carolina, was educated at Mount Zion
College ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1796 ;
served i^ the State Legislature from 1800 to 1803 ;
from 1804 to 1811 was Solicitor for the Middle Dis-
trict of South Carolina ; was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1813 to 1815 ; in 1818
and 1822 was a member of the State Senate ; and was
for many years the President of a Bible Society, and
also of Mount Zion Society. Died March 8, 1843.
Evans, George, — Born in Hallowell, Maine,
January 12, 1797 ; graduated at Bowdoin College,
September 3, 1815 ; was a lawyer by profession ; was
Speaker of the House of Representatives of Maine in
1829 ; a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1841,
and United States Senator from Maine from 1841 to
1847. From 1849 to 1850 he was a Commissioner of
the Board of Claims against Mexico ; Attorney-Gen-
eral of Maine in 1853, 1854, and 1856 ; and died in
Portland, April 6, 1867.^ During his service in the
Senate he served with 'ability as Chairman of the
Committee on Commerce.
Evans, Ja^nes Lafayette. — Born in Harrison
County, Kentucky, in 1825 ; emigrated to Indiana in
1837, and settled in Hancock County ; received his
education from a private tutor ; began business as a
merchant, engaging also in farming. He was never
an applicant for any office, but was elected in 1874 a
Representative from Indiana in the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
Evans, John. — He was a Delegate to the Con-
tinental Congress from Delaware, from 1776 to 1777.
Evans, JToshua. — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1833.
Evans, JTosiah J. — He was bom in the District of
Marlborough, South Carolina, November 27, 1786 ; he
140
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
was for a time a mercliant's clerk, but graduated at
South Carolina College in 1808 ; taught school for one
year ; studied law, and rose to a high legal position ;
at an early age, in 1812, 1813, and 1816, he was sent
to the Legislature ; by that body made Solicitor for
the State from his District, which position he held
for thirteen years ; in 1830 he was chosen a Judge of
the Supreme Court, which office he held until 1852,
when he was elected to the United States Senate for
the term ending in 1859. He died May 6, 1858, of
disease of the heart, having, only an hour before
his death, partaken of the hospitalities at dinner
of his friend and colleague. Senator Hammond, He
was Chairman of the Committees on Revolutionary
Claims and on Contingent Exi)enses of the Senate,
and also a member of the Committees on Patents and
on Naval Affairs.
Evans f Lefnuel D. — He was born in Tennessee,
and was elected a Representative from Texas to the
Thirty-fourth Congress.
Evans f Kafhan. — Born in Belmont County,
Ohio, June 24, 1804 ; received a common-school edu-
cation, and studied law, being admitted to practice in
1831. He was Prosecuting Attorney for Guernsey
County for four years, and was a Representative in
Congress from Ohio from 1847 to 1849, and now fol-
lows his profession in Cambridge, Ohio.
Evans, Thomas. — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1797 to 1801.
Evarts, William M, — He was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, in February, 1818 ; and was the son
of Jeremiah Evarts, a lawyer and writer of some note,
and on his mother's side, grandson of Roger Sher-
man. He graduated at Yale College in 1837 ; studied
law at Cambridge, and came to the bar in New York
City in 1840, and attained a high position as a lawyer.
He was the leading counsel employed to defend Pres-
ident Johnson in his trial before the Senate ; was
Attorney-General of the United States from July,
1868, to March, 1869, when he resigned ; was one of
the three lawyers appointed to defend the interests of
the United States before the Tribunal of Arbitration
at Geneva, 1871, to settle the "Alabama Claims;"
and he was one of the counsel who defended Henry
Ward Beecher in 1875. In 1857 he received the de-
gree of Doctor of Laws from Union College ; and he
is the author of several legal productions. In No-
vember, 1875, he was invited by the Centennial Com-
mission to deliver the opening oration at the Exposi-
tion in 1876, the kindred honor, for reciting a poem
on that occasion, having been conferred on Henry W.
Longfellow.
E^e, fToseph, — He was a citizen of Kentucky,
and in 1841 was appointed Charge d' Affaires to Texas,
where he remained until 1843.
Eveleighf Nicholas, — He was a Delegate from
South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1781
to 1782.
Everett, Aleocander Hill, — Born March 19,
1790 ; graduated at Harvard University, in 1806 ; was
an usher in Phillips' Exeter Academy ; began to study
law in Boston in 1807 ; and was a member of the
literary club that founded the " Monthly Anthology."
In 1809 he accompanied J. Q. Adams to St. Peters-
burg as attache to the Legation, of which he became
Secretary in 1815 ; visited England in 1811 ; and after
a trip to Paris, returned home in 1812, and wrote
some political essays in favor of the war, and against
the Hartford Convention. He became Charge d' Af-
faires at Brussels in 1818 ; from 1825 to 1829 was
Minister, and from 1845 till his death was Commis-
sioner to China. In 1840 he was sent on a confiden-
tial mission to Cuba. In 1829 was editor and prin-
cipal proprietor of the North American Bevino, to
which he had long been a contributor. He invited
Irving to Madrid, made him an attache to his Lega-
tion, and encouraged him in the preparation of his
Spanish histories. He also aided Mr. Prescott in
similar pursuits. From 1830 to 1835 was a member
of the State Legislature, taking an active part as a
Democratic politician. He was skilled in the lan-
guages and literature of Modern Europe, as well as
philosophy, diplomacy, and the law of nations. He
published " Europe " in 1821; "America" in 1827;
"New Views on Population," 1822; a volume of
Essays in 1845 ; also a small volume of poems, and
other minor publications. He received the degree of
LL. D. from the University of Vermont in 1826. Died
in Canton, China, June 29, 1847.
Everett, Edward, — Born in Dorchester, Mas-
sachusetts, April, 1794. He received his early educa-
tion at Boston, and entered Harvard College when
little more than thirteen years old, leaving it with
first honors four years later, undecided as to a pur-
suit for life. He turned his attention for two years
to the profession of divinity ; but in 1814 he was in-
vited to accept the new Professorship of Greek Liter-
ature at Cambridge, Massachusetts, with j)ermission
to visit Europe. He accepted the office, and before
entering on its duties, embarked at Boston for Liver-
pool. He passed more than two years at the famous
University of Gottiugen, engaged in the study of the
German language and the branches of learning con-
nected with his department. He passed the winter
of 1817-18 at Paris. The next spring he again
visited London, and passed a few weeks at Cambridge
and Oxford. In the autumn of 1818 he returned to
the continent, and divided the winter between Flor-
ence, Rome, and Naples. In the spring of 1819 he
made a short tour in Greece. He came home in 1819,
and entered at once upon the duties of his professor-
ship. Soon after his return he became the editor
of the North. American Review, a journal which,
though supported by writers of great ability, had
acquired only a limited circulation. Under its new
editor the demand increased so rapidly that a second
and sometimes a third edition of its numbers was re-
quired. In 1824 he delivered the annual oration be-
fore the Phi-Beta-Kappa Society, at Cambridge,
Massachusetts. This was the first of a series of ora-
tions and addresses delivered by him on public occa-
sions of almost every kind during a quarter of a
century, and afterwards collected in several volumes.
Up to 1824 he had taken no active interest in poli-
tics, but the constituency of Middlesex, Massachu-
setts, without any solicitation on his part, returned
him to Congress. For ten years he sat in Congress,
and was a working member. In 1835 he retired from
Congress, and was for four successive years chosen
Governor of Massachusetts. In 1841 he was ap-
pointed to represent the United States at the Court of
St. James. Although the Secretaryship of State at
Washington was held by four different statesmen, of
various politics, during his mission, he enjoyed the
confidence and approbation of all. His scholarship
was recognized by the bestowal of the degree of
D.C.L. by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.
He returned to America in 1845, and was chosen
President of Harvard College, which office he resigned
in 1849. On the death of Mr. Webster he was ap-
pointed Secretary of State by President Fillmore,
which office he resigned for a seat in the Senate,
serving from March, 1853, to May, 1854. This posi-
tion he also resigned, after which time, although
leading the quiet life of a scholar, he greatly added
to his reputation by delivering orations on the Life of
Washington, and on other topics, all being for chari-
table purposes. He was the intimate friend of Daniel
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
141
Webster, and wrote the best Life extant of that dis-
tinguished man, whose collected writings he edited.
In 1860 he was nominated by the Union party as their
candidate for the oflSce 'of Vice-President of the
United States, but was defeated. Died in Boston,
January 15, 1865. His last public position was that
of Presidential Elector in 1864.
Everett, Horace. — A native of Vermont, was
born in 1780 ; he was a lawyer by profession ; settled
in Windsor, and distinguished himself as one of the
most successful jury advocates in Vermont. He served
in the State Legislature in 1819, 1820, 1823, 1823, 1824,
and 1834 ; was State's Attorney for Windsor County
from 1813 to 1817, and was a prominent member of the
State Constitutional Convention of 1828. He was a
Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1843, and
had the title conferred upon him of Doctor of Laws.
Died at Windsor, Vermont, January 30, 1851.
JEverJiarttf William, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1853 to 1855. The circumstance is
related of this gentleman, that it was his misfortune,
many years ago, to be wrecked on the coast of Ireland,
where he and five survivors of the ill-fated vessel
were treated with great kindness ; and that during
the famine in Ireland a few years ago, he loaded a
ship with provisions at his own expense, and sent her
to Ireland, by way of expressing his gratitude.
Elvhanhf Thomas, — Born at Barnard Castle,
Durham, England, March 11, 1792 ; at the age of
thirteen was apprenticed to a tin and copper smith ;
emigrated to New York in 1819, and commenced the
manufacture of metallic tubing there, but retired
from the business in 1836 to engage in literary and
scientific pursuits. He published, in 1840, "De-
scriptive and Historical Account of Hydraulic and
other Machines." In 1845 visited Brazil, and pub-
lished "Life in Brazil;" was Commissioner of Pat-
ents from 1849 to 1852; published "The World a
Workshop" in 1855; "Thoughts on Matter and
Force" in 1858; "Reminiscences in the Patent Of-
fice" in 1859; contributed to the "Transactions of
the Franklin Institute." His "Experiments on Ma-
rine Propulsion, or the Virtue of Form in Propelling
Blades " was re-printed in Europe. He was a member
of the Commission to report upon the strength of the
marbles used in the Capitol Extension, and discovered
the method of greatly increasing the resisting power
of building-stones ; and was the founder of the Eth-
nological Society. Died in New York, September 16,
1870.
Ewinfff Andrew,— He was born in Tennessee,
and was a Representative in Congress from 1849 to
1851. Took part in the Rebellion.
Etving, Charles,— Earn in Burlington County,
New Jersey, July 8, 1780 ; graduated at the New
Jersey College in 1798 ; admitted to the bar in 1802,
and practiced law at Trenton; became a Councilor
in 1812 ; and was Chief Justice of the State from
1824 to his death, which occurred at Trenton, New
Jersey, August 5, 1832. He received the degree of
LL. D. from Jefferson College.
Ewing, Edtviii IT, — He was born in Tennessee,
and was a Representative in Congress from Tennessee
from 1845 to 1847. Took part in the Rebellion.
Eiving, Hugh, — He was a citizen of Kansas,
and in 1866 was appointed Minister Resident to the
Netherlands, returning to the United States in 1870.
Ewiftg, John, — He was born at sea, while his
parents were on their way from Ireland to Baltimore.
He was bred to mercantile pursuits, but acquired a
taste for literature. He served in both branches of
the Legislature of Indiana, and was a Representative
of that State in Congress from 1833 to 1835, and again
from 1837 to 1839. He died suddenly and alone, at
Vincennes, in the winter of 1857, leaving on his table
these lines : —
•' Here lies a man who loved his friends,
His God, his country, and Vincennes."
Ewing, John H, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1845 to 1847.
Ewing, Presley, — Born in Kentucky, and was a
Representative from that State to the Thirty-third
Congress ; he died at the Mammoth Cave, September
27, 1854. He was considered one of the most promis-
ing young men of the State. He had been liberally
educated, and before entering Congress had twice
served in the Legislature of Kentucky, and had also
traveled extensively in Europe.
Etvingf Thomas, — He was born near West Lib-
erty, Ohio County, Virginia, December 28, 1789 ; he
received his early education chiefly from an elder
sister, and with his father's family settled in the
wilds of Ohio, about 1792, where he enjoyed the ad-
vantages of a winter school and an academy ; his life,
during his youth and early manhood, was one of con-
tinuous toil ; in 1814 he was a school-teacher ; in 1815
he received the degree of A.B. from the Athens Acad-
emy, the first ever granted in Ohio ; and he studied
law and was admitted to the bar in 1816, practicing
with success in the courts of Ohio and the Supreme
Court of the United States. In 1830 he was elected
to a seat in the United States Senate from Ohio,
where he remained until 1837 ; he was a member of
President Harrison's Cabinet as Secretary of the
Treasury in 1841 ; on the accession of President
Taylor to the Presidency, in 1849, he was invited
into the Cabinet, and took charge of the new Depart-
ment of the Interior ; and in 1850 he was appointed
to a seat in the United States Senate, where he re-
mained until 1851, when he retired from political
life, and resumed the practice of his profession in
Ohio. He was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress"
of 1861 ; and also chosen a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia "National Union Convention" in 1866, but
did not take part in its proceedings. He left two
sons, who have been distinguished in public affairs.
Died in Lancaster, Ohio, October 26, 1871.
Etving, Thomas, Jr, — Born in Lancaster, Ohio
August 7, 1829 ; educated at Brown University and
at the Cincinnati Law School ; was appointed the Pri-
vate Secretary of President Taylor in 1849 ; removed
to Kansas in 1856 ; was appointed Chief Justice of
the United States Court for that Territory ; was a
member of the Constitutional Convention of the new
State ; in 1862 he entered the Union Army as a Colo-
nel, and after participating in several campaigns and
battles was promoted to the rank of Major-General
in 1864. After the Rebellion he settled in Washing-
ton, where he practiced the legal profession.
Ekving, William L, !>.— He was a Senator in
Congress' by appointment from Illinois, from 1836 to
1837. Died March 25, 1846, aged fifty-one years,
while holding the office of State Auditor.
Eyster, C, S, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was appointed from that State an Associate Jus-
tice of the United States Court for the Territory of
Colorado, residing in Denver.
Fair, Elisha i^— He was a citizen of Alabama
142
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
and in 1858 he was appointed Minister Resident to
Belgium, remaining in that position until 1861.
Fairbanks f Erastus, — Born at Brimfield, Mas-
sachusetts, October 28, 1792 ; had a common-school
education ; taught school in St. Johnsbury, Vermont ;
engaged in business, and in 1825 formed a partner-
ship with his younger brother for the manufacture of
platform scales. The enterprise proved successful,
and gained a world-wide reputation. He was a mem-
ber of the Legislature from 1836 to 1838 ; President
of the Passumpsic and Connecticut River Railroad
Company in 1849 ; Governor of Vermont in 1852 and
1853, and again in 1860 and 1861. Died at St. Johns-
bury, November 20, 1864.
Fairchild, Lucius,— Bom at Franklin Mills,
Portage County, Ohio, December 27, 1831 ; was ap-
pointed Lieutenant-Colonel of Second Iowa Infantry
in June, 1861 ; Captain Sixteenth United States In-
fantry, August, 1861 ; commanded an Iowa regiment
in McClellan's and Pope's campaigns, and was made
Brigadier-General of Volunteers in August, 1862 ;
Secretary of State of Wisconsin in 1864 and 1865, and
Governor in 1866 and 1867.
Fairfield, Jolm, — Born in Saco, Maine, Jan-
uary 30, 1797. He received a common- school educa-
tion ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1826. In 1832 he was appointed Reporter of the De-
cisions of the Supreme Court; from 1835 to 1839 he
was a Representative in Congress from Maine ; he
was Governor of the State during the years 1839,
1840, 1842, and 1843 ; and he was elected a Senator
in Congress, in 1843, to fill a vacancy, and in 1845
was re-elected for a term of six years ; but he died at
Washington, December 24, 1847, after a surgical op-
eration for the relief of a local complaint.
Faran, tTames J, — He was born in Ohio, re-
siding at Cincinnati, and was a Representative from
Ohio to the Thirtieth Congress. He subsequently be-
came one of the proprietors of the Cincinnati Inquirer.
Farlee, Isaac G, — He was born in New Jersey
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1843 to 1845.
Farley, E, Wilder, — He was born in Maine, in
1818 ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1836 ; studied
law, and was in the State Legislature in 1845, and
from 1851 to 1853 ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Maine from 1853 to lt^55. He also served
in the State Senate in 1856.
Farlin, Dudley, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1835 to 1837, and
died at Warrensburg, New York, September 26, 1837.
Farnsworth, John F, — Was born in the town-
ship of Eaton, Lower Canada, March 27, 1820 ; is a
lawyer by professioji, and was a Representative to
the Thirty-fifth Congress from Illinois, and was a
member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pen-
sions. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, and in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. In
1861 he took part in the war as Colonel of Volunteers.
He raised and took into the field the Eighth Regi-
ment of Illinois Cavalry, serving in the Army of the
Potomac until 1863 ; and in 1863 and 1864 he raised
the Seventeenth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers by
order of the War Department. He was brevetted a
Brigadier-General in 1862. Re-elected to the Thirty-
ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Appro-
priations, and as a Regent of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution ; and on the Committees on the South Carolina
Murders, and Reconstruction. He was a Delegate to
the Pittsburg " Soldiers' Convention " of 1866; and
was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Reconstruction and the Post Otfice.
Re-elected to the two subsequent Congresses, serving
as Chairman of the Post-Office Committee.
Farquliar, John H. — He was born in Fred-
erick County, Maryland, December 20, 1818 ; removed
to Indiana with his father's family in 1833 ; from
1837 to 1840 he served his adopted State as a Civil
Engineer ; studied law and practiced the profession ;
in 1842 and 1843 he was Secretary of the Indiana
Senate ; was Chief Clerk of the State House of Rep-
resentatives in 1844 ; was a Presidential Elector in
1860, and in 1861 he was commissioned a Captain in
the Nineteenth United States Infantry, in which
capacity he served until 1864, when he resigned, and
was elected a Representative from Indiana to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
the Post Office and Post Roads, and on the Militia.
Farrelly, John W, — He was the son of Pat-
rick, named below, and was born in Meadville, Penn-
sylvania, in July, 1809 ; was a member of the State
Legislature in 1828 ; a State Senator from 1838 to
1841 ; a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1847 to 1849 ; and Sixth Auditor of the Treas-
ury, from 1849 to 1853. He was a man of marked
character. Died in W^ashington.
Farrelly, Patrick, — Born in Ireland in 1760 ;
was a lawyer by profession, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1821 to
1826. Died January 12, 1826, at Meadville, Penn.,
before the expiration of his term in Congress.
Farrington, Jatnes, — He was bom in New
Hampshire in 1791, and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1837 to 1839. He
was also a member of the State Legislature in 1830,
1832, and 1833. Died at Rochester, New York, Octo-
ber 29, 1859.
Farrow, Samuel, — Born in Virginia in 1760 ;
served in the Revolutionary War, and was wound-
ed ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1793 ; was elected to Congress from South Carolina
as a Representative for the terms from 1813 to 1817,
but resigned in 1816 ; served in the State Legislature
from 1817 to 1821 ; and died at Columbia, November
18, 1824.
Far well, Charles H, — He was bom in Painted
Post, New York, July 1, 1823 ; educated at Elmira
Academy ; removed to Illinois in 1838 ; was employed
in surveying and farming until 1844, when he engaged
in business in Chicago ; was elected County Clerk in
1853, and re-elected in 1857 ; subsequently engaged
in mercantile pursuits ; was appointed a member of
the State Board of Eqjualization in 1867 ; Chairman
of Board of Supervisors in 1868 ; was appointed Na-
tional-Bank Examiner in 1869 ; elected to the Forty-
second and two following Congresses, serving on the
Committee on Banking and Currency, and Chairman
of that on Manufactures.
Far well, Nathan A, — He was born in the town
of Unity, Maine, in 1812, and received a public-school
education ; was elected to the State Legislature in
1860, 1863, and 1864; was a member of the State
Senate in 1853, 1854, 1861, and 1862, presiding as
President of that body during the latter year ; was
also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention in 1864 ;
and in October of that year he was appointed, and
soon afterwards elected, a Senator in Congress from
Maine, for the unexpired term of William P. Fessen-
den, who had resigned, taking his seat during the
second session of the Thirty-eighth Congress. He
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
143
was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists'
Convention" of 1866.
Faulk y Andretv J, — He was bom in Pennsyl-
vania, and was appointed Governor of the Territory
of Dakota in 1866, residing at Yankton, and remain-
ing in office until 1869.
Faulhner, Charles J, — Born in Berkeley
County, Virginia, about the year 1806. He received
a collegiate education ; came to the bar in 1829 ; was,
in 1832 and 1833, elected to the House of Delegates ;
soon afterwards appointed a Commissioner to report
upon the boundary between Virginia and Maryland ;
in 1841 was elected to the Senate of Virginia, and in
1848 was again elected to the House of Delegates ; in
1850 was a member of the Convention formed to re-
vise the Constitution of the State ; and having, in
1851, been elected a Representative in Congress, was
re-elected to each successive Congress, and was, dur-
ing the first session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, a
member of the Committee to inquire into the Sale of
the Fort Snelling Reservation ; also serving on the
Committee on Military Affairs, and in a subsequent
Congress was Chairman of the Committee on Military
Affairs. In January, 1860, he was appointed by Pres-
ident Buchanan Minister to France. He returned to
America in 1861, and whilst in Washington, closing
his affairs, was arrested and held as a hostage for the
return of H. S. Magraw, of Pennsylvania, then a
prisoner in Richmond. He was released from Fort
Warren in December, and exchanged for Alfred Ely,
a member of Congress. In the Civil War he acted as
Chief of Staff for General Stonewall Jackson, and
wrote all his reports and dispatches. In 1872 he was
a member of the Convention to frame a Constitution
for West Virginia. Re-elected to the Forty-fourth
Congress.
FaxoUf William, — Born in Hartford, Connec-
ticut, April 17, 1822 ; brought up as a printer in the
office of the Hartford Courant, of which paper he
subsequently became one of the editors and pro-
prietors ; in 1856 he established the Hartford Press,
the first Republican paper in Connecticut, and was
Chief Clerk of the Navy Department from 1861 to
1866, and Assistant Secretary from 1866 to 1869,
when he retired to the city of his birth, and is still
residing there.
Fay, Francis JB, — He was born in Massachu-
setts ; was a member of the Massachusetts Senate in
1842 and 1845 ; Mayor of Chelsea in 1857 ; and a Re-
presentative in Congress from Massachusetts from
1852 to 1853.
Fay, John, — He was born in Worcester County,
Massachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1819 to 1821.
Fay^ Jonas, — Born at Hard wick, Massachusetts,
January 17, 1737 ; received a good education, and be-
came clerk of a Massachusetts Company at Fort Ed-
ward in 1756 ; removed to Bennington in 1766 ; was
agent of the settlers on the New Hampshire Grants
in 1772, to confer with Governor Tryon of New York
during the contest with that State and Great Britain
in the organization of the State Government, and was
Clerk to the Convention of 1774 ; was Surgeon at the
Capture of Ticonderoga ; was a member of the Con-
vention of 1777, which declared Vermont a State, and
was author of the Declaration submitted to Congress ;
was Secretary of the State Constitutional Convention
of that year, and a member of the Council of Safety ;
member of the State Council from 1778 to 1785 ;
Judge of the Supreme Court in 1782 ; Judge of Pro-
bate from 1772 to 1787 ; Agent of the State to Con-
gress in 1777, 1779, 1781, and 1782. He published a
pamphlet with Ethan Allen in 1780, on the New
Hampshire and New York Controversy. Died at
Bennington, Vermont, March 6, 1818.
Fay, Theodore Sedgwick, — Born in New
York, February 10, 1807 ; was admitted to the bar in
1828 ; he preferred a literary life, and became editor
of the JVew York Mirror. In 1832 he published
"Dreams and Reveries of a Quiet Man;" in 1833
went to Europe, and spent three years there, and
wrote the "Minute Book," a journal of travels. His
first novel, " Norman Leslie," was published in 1835.
He was United States Secretary of Legation at Berlin
from 1837 to 1853 ; Resident Minister at Berne, Swit-
zerland, from 1853 to 1860. His other publications
were : " The Countess Ida," in 1840 ; "Hoboken," in
1843 ; " Ulric, or the Voices," a poem, in 1851 ; " Sid-
ney Clifton," in 1839; "Robert Rueful," in 1844;
" Views of Christianity," in 1856 ; a series of papers
on Shakespeare, and a variety of fugitive pieces in
prose and verse, and a "History of Switzerland."
Fearing f Paul, — Born in Wareham, Massachu-
setts, February 28, 1762 ; graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1785 ; studied law, and emigrated to Ohio,
where he became distinguished in his profession. He
settled in Marietta in 1788, after performing the
journey from Baltimore over the mountains on foot.
Soon after his arrival he was appointed United States
Attorney for Washington County in that Territory.
In 1797 he was appointed Judge of Probate for his
county ; was a member of the first Legislative Coun-
cil of Ohio in 1799 ; and in 1801 was chosen a Dele-
gate to Congress, serving until 1803. In 1814 he was
appointed Master Commissioner in Chancery, and
from 1810 to 1817 was Judge in one of the State
Courts. In 1808 he engaged extensively in the rais-
ing of Merino sheep, producing the best description
of wool, and stimulating others to unite in the busi-
ness. He died August 21, 1822.
FeatherstoUf W, S, — He was born in Tennes-
see, and on taking up his residence in Mississippi, was
elected a Representative in Congress from 1847 to
1851. Took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a Briga-
dier-General,
Felchf Alpheus, — Born in Limerick, York
County, Maine, September 28, 1806, He graduated at
Bowdoin College, and adopted the law as a profession.
He emigrated to Michigan when quite young ; was a
member of the State Legislature in 1836 and 1837 ;
was appointed Bank Commissioner of Michigan in
1838, and resigned in 1839 ; for a short time in 1842
was Auditor-General of the State, but relinquished
that position for a seat on the Bench of the Supreme
Court of Michigan ; in 1845 he was elected Governor
of Michigan, and having resigned in 1847, was elected
a Senator in Congress for six years. He was ap-
pointed by President Pierce one of the Commission-
ers to settle Land Claims in California, under ihe
Act of Congress, and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidal-
go, in March, 1853 ; the business of which commission
was closed by disposing of all the cases before it in
March, 1856, since which time he has lived in retire-
ment. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Con-
vention " of 1864.
Felder, John M, — Born in Orangeburg District*
South Carolina, July 7, 1782 ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1804 ; studied law, and was admitted to the
bar in 1808 ; was a member of the State Assembly in
1812, and subsequently of the Senate ; was a Trustee
of South Carolina College ; served as a Major of
Militia ; and was a Representative in Congress from
South Carolina from 1831 to 1835. Died at Union
Point, September 1, 1851.
144
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Fell, John, — He was a Delegate from New Jer-
sey to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780.
Fenner, Af^thur, — Bom in Providence, Rhode
Island, in 1745 ; his ancestors were among the earliest
inhabitants of Providence ; he was Clerk of the Su-
perior Court of the State ; was chosen Governor in
1789, and served till his death, which occurred in
Providence, October 15, 1805.
FenneVf James. — Born in Providence, Rhode
Island, in 1771 ; graduated at Brown University in
1789, from which institution he received the degree of
LL.D. He was for more than half a century actively
connected with the public affairs of his native State ;
was United States Senator from 1805 to 1807, when
he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, which
office he held for four years ; was re-elected in 1824,
and served seven years, and was again elected in
1844 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1821, 1827, and
1837 ; and was President of the Convention that
formed the State Constitution in 1842. He died in
Providence, April 17, 1846.
Fenton, Meuben E. — Born in Carroll, Chautau-
qua County, New York, July 1, 1819 ; was educated
at Pleasant Hill and Fredonia Academies, and adopted
the profession of law, but pursued the mercantile
business. In 1843 he was elected Supervisor of the
town of Carroll. He was elected a Representative in
the Thirty-third and Thirty-fifth Congresses, from
New York, serving on the Committee on Private Land
Claims ; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv-
ing as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions ;
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Re-elected to
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee
on Ways and Means, which position he resigned to
accept the Governorship of New York for 1865 and
1866, to which he had been elected. Re-elected to
the same position ; and in 1869 he was elected a Sena-
tor in Congress for the term ending in 1875, serving on
the Committees on Finance and the Pacific Railway.
Ferguson, Fenner, — Born in Rensselaer Coun-
ty, New York, April 25, 1814. His education was
academic, and he is a lawyer by profession ; he was
Master in Chancery in Albany, New York, in 1844 ;
also Master in Chancery in Michigan ; a member of
the Michigan Legislature, and Prosecuting Attorney.
June 29, 1854, he was appointed by President Pierce
Chief Justice of the Territory of Nebraska, which
office he resigned, after being elected a Delegate to
the Thirty-fifth Congress from that Territory. Died
at Bellevue, Nebraska Territory, in November, 1859.
Ferris, Charles G, — He was bom in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1841 to 1843.
Ferriss, Orange, — He was bom at Glenn's Falls,
Warren County, New York, November 26, 1814 ; grad-
uated at the University of Vermont in 1836 ; studied
law and came to the bar in 1840. In 1841 he was ap-
pointed Surrogate of his county for four years ; in
1851 he was elected, under the new Constitution, Judge
of Warren County, and twice re-elected, holding the
office twelve years in all. Towards the close of the
Rebellion he was appointed Provost-Marshal for his
district, but declined, and in 1866 he was elected a
Representative from New York to the Fortieth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Revision of Laws,
Mines and Mining, and Weights and Measures. Re-
elected to the Forty-first Congress and made Chairman
of the Committee on Mines and Mining ; and was sub-
sequently appointed on a Commission to adjudicate
Southern claims.
Ferry, Orris S. — Born in Bethel, Connecticut,
August 15, 1823 ; graduated at Yale College in 1844 ;
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1846. In
1847 he received the appointment of Lieutenant-Colo-
nel of the First Division Connecticut Militia ; in 1849
was appointed Judge of Probate for the District of
Norwalk ; elected to the State Senate in 1855 and
1856 ; in 1856 he was appointed State's Attorney for
the County of Fairfield, which position he continued
to occupy until 1859, when he was elected a Repre-
sentative to the Thirty-sixth Congress from Connecti-
cut, serving as a member of the Committee on Revo-
lutionary Claims, and the Special Committee of Thir-
ty-three on the Rebellious States. He served with
distinction as a Colonel and Brigadier-General in the
war for the Union, and in 1866 he was elected a Sena-
tor in Congress for the term commencing March, 1867,
and ending in 1873. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelf)hia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 and
to the " Soldiers' Convention," held at Pittsburg.
The Committees upon which he served were those on
Private Land Claims, Patents and the Patent Office,
Public Buildings and Grounds, and Territories. Was
re-elected in 1872 for six years, for a second full term ;
and was Chairman of Committee on Patents. He died
in South Norwalk, Connecticut, November 21, 1875.
Ferry, Thomas W, — He was born in Mackinac,
Michigan, June 1, 1827 ; was self-educated ; has ever
been occupied in business affairs. In 1850 he was
elected to the State Legislature ; to the State Senate
in 1856 ; for eight years he was an active member of
the Republican State Committee ; was a Delegate at
large to the "Chicago Convention " of 1860, and a
Vice-President ; was appointed in 1863 Commissioner
for Michigan of the Soldiers' National Cemetery at
Gettysburg ; and in 1864 was elected a Representa-
tive from Michigan to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post
Roads, the Militia, and the War Debts of Loyal
States. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
" Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ; and was re-elected
to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee
on Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the Forty-first and
Forty-second Congresses, but did not take his seat in
the latter, as he was chosen a Senator in Congress for
the term ending in 1877, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Rules, and on those on Finance and
Post Office ; and during the second session of the For-
ty-third Congress, was President of the Senate pro
tern.
Fessenden, Samuel C, — Was bom in New
Gloucester, Maine, March 7, 1815 ; graduated at Bow-
doin College in 1834, and completed his education at
the Bangor Theological Seminary in 1837 ; in 1838 he
was ordained and installed as Pastor of the Second
Congregational Church in Thomaston, now Rockland,
and dismissed, at his own request, in 1856 ; during
that year he established the Maine Evangelist; in
1858 he entered upon the practice of law ; soon after
taking that step he was elected Judge of the Munici-
pal Court of Rockland ; and he was elected a Rep-
resentative from Maine to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, serving as a member of the Committees on the
District of Columbia, Government Employes, and Un-
finished Business. In 1865 he was appointed a mem-
ber of the Board of Examiners of the Patent Office.
Fessenden, T, A, D, — Was born in Portland,
Maine, January 23, 1826 ; graduated at Bowdoin Col-
lege in 1845 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a
member of the Convention that nominated General
Fremont for President ; in 1858 was appointed Aid-
de-camp to the Governor of Maine ; in 1860 was
elected to the Maine Legislature ; and in 1861 was
chosen Attorney for the County of Androscoggin,
which position he held until 1862, when he was
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
145
elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-
seventh Congress, for the unexpired term of C. W.
Walton, resigned, serving on the Committee on Pri-
vate Land Claims. Died in Lewiston, Maine, Septem-
ber 28, 1868.
Fessenderif William Pitt, — ^Born at Boscaw-
en, New Hampshire, October 16, 1806 ; graduated at
Bowdoin College in 1823 ; studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in Portland in 1827, where he has
continued the practice to the present time ; was a
member of the Maine Legislature in 1832, and re-
elected in 1840 ; was a Representative in Congress
from 1841 to 1843, declining further service ; was
again in the State Legislature in 1845 and 1846, and
re-elected in 1853 and 1854 ; and was elected a Sena-
tor in Congress for six years, from March, 1853, serv-
ing as a member of the Committee on Finance ; and
in 1859 was re-elected for the term of six years, serv-
ing as Chairman of the Committee on Finance, on the
Library Committee, and also as a Regent of the
Smithsonian Institution. He was a member in 1832
of the Convention which nominated Henry Clay for
President, and also of the Conventions that nominated
Generals Taylor and Scott. During the summer of
1858, the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by
Bowdoin College, of which institution he is a Trustee.
He was also a member of the "Peace Congress" of
1861. In September, 1864, he was appointed by Pres-
ident Lincoln Secretary of the Treasury in the place
of S. P. Chase, resigned ; and soon afterwards re-
ceived from Harvard University the degree of LL.D.
In 1864 he was re-elected a Senator in Congress for
the term commencing in 1865 and ending in 1871. He
resigned his position in the Cabinet, and again took
his seat in the Senate, March 4, 1865, and was again
placed at the head of the Committee on Finance. At
the succeeding session of Congress he was made
Chairman of the Special Joint Committee on Recon-
struction, so called, and was the author of the Report
of that Committee, recommending an Amendment to
the Constitution. He was also a member of the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations, and again of that on the
Library, and was made Chairman of the Committee on
Public Buildings and Grounds. Died at Portland,
September 8, 1869.
FeWf William, — Born in Maryland, June 8, 1748.
When he was ten years of age he removed with his
father to North Carolina, where he received a good
education. He was a Colonel in the Revolutionary
Army, and distinguished himself in several actions
with the British and Indians. He settled in Georgia
in 1776, and in 1778 was Surveyor-General of the
State, and Presiding Judge of the Richmond County
Court ; in 1780 he was sent as Delegate to Congress,
and remained in that body until the peace ; and was
again appointed in 1786 ; and in the next year he as-
sisted in forming the National Constitution, which he
duly signed ; after the adoption of which he was
elected a Senator in Congress, serving from 1789 to
1793 ; in 1796 he was a member of the Convention
which framed the Constitution of the State of Geor-
gia, and subsequently served three years upon the
Bench, as well as in the Legislature of that State.
He resided during his latter years in the City of New
York, of which he was Mayor, and whence he went to
the Legislature of that State, and where he also held
the office of Commissioner of Loans. He died at Fish-
kiU, New York, July 16, 1828.
Fieklifif Orlando S, — A native of Kentucky,
and born in 1808 ; he received a plain English edu-
cation ; studied law, and graduated at the Transyl-
vania Law School, commencing to practice in 1830, in
Mount Carmel, Illinois. In 1834 he was a member
of the Legislature, and was Attorney for the Wabash
Circuit in 1835. In 1838 and in 1842 was again
elected to the Legislature ; and in 1843 was elected a
Representative in Congress from Illinois, serving six
consecutive years, and was re-elected in 1850. In
1853 he was Colonel of Militia ; since which time he
has been engaged in the practice of his profession
and in agricultural pursuits. In 1856 he was a Presi-
dential Elector.
Field, Maunsell B, — He was born in New
York ; was a man of culture and an author of some
reputation ; appointed Second Assistant Secretary of
the Treasury in 1864 ; and died in New York before
the close of that year.
Fields Moses W, — He was born in Watertown,
Jefferson County, New York, February 10, 1828 ; re-
ceived a good education ; worked on a farm ; removed
to Michigan, and was a merchant in Detroit for
twenty-five years ; was elected Alderman, and served
two terms ; was Chairman of the Board of School
Inspectors ; and was elected to the Forty-third Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Education and
Labor and Manufactures. In 1875 he presented to the
City of Detroit a lot of forty acres of land for a pub-
lic park.
Field f Hichard S. — He was born in New Jersey,
and held a seat in the United States Senate from that
State, for a few months, in 1862 and 1863, by appoint-
ment, in place of J. R. Thompson, deceased, when he
was appointed by President Lincoln Judge of the Dis-
trict Court of the United States of New Jersey. He
was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia ' ' Loyalists'
Convention " of 1866. Died at Princeton, New Jer-
sey, May 25, 1870.
Field, Stephen J, — He was born in Haddam,
Connecticut, November 4, 1816, and his father was
David Dudley Field ; while yet a youth he traveled in
Europe and the East ; graduated at Williams College
in 1837 ; studied law in New York City with his
brother, David Dudley, with whom he formed a law
partnership ; in 1848 he made a second visit to Europe ;
towards the close of 1849 he went to California ; in
January, 1850, he was elected First Alcalde of the
city of Marysville, and continued the practice of his
profession ; in October of the same year he was
elected to the Legislature, where he took a leading'
part in molding the Judiciary of the State ; in 1857
he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Cali-
fornia for six years, and was elevated to the position,
of Chief Justice ; and in 1863 he was appointed by
President Lincoln a Justice of the Supreme Court of
the United States, In the discharge of his official
duties, he is obliged to travel annually over thirteen
thousand miles. He is a brother of Cyrus W. Field,
the distinguished projector of the Atlantic Tele-"
graph.
Field, Walhridge A, — He was born in Massar*
chusetts ; liberally educated ; adopted the profession
of law ; and in 1869 was appointed Assistant Attor-
ney-General of the United States, serving in that
position until 1871.
Fields, William C, — He was bom in the City
of New York, February 13, 1804; received a common-
school education ; adopted the business of a merchant
and a manufacturer ; was for three years Clerk of
Otsego County, sixteen years a Justice of the Peace in
the Town of Laurens and subsequently Supervisor of
the town ; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative
from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Agriculture and Accounts.
Fillmore, Millard,— Born January 7, 1800, at
Summer Hill, Cayuga County, in the State of New York.
At an early age he was sent to Livingston County, at
146
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
that time a wild region, to learn the clothier's trade, and
about four months later he was apprenticed to a wool-
carder in the town in which his father lived. During
the four years that he worked at his trade he did what
he could to supply the defects of his early education.
At the age of nineteen he commenced the study of law,
and devoted a portion of his time to teaching school.
In 1821 he removed to Erie County, and pursued his
legal studies in the city of Buffalo. Two years later
he was admitted to the Common Pleas, and commenced
the practice of the law at Aurora, in the same county.
In 1827 he was admitted as an Attorney, and in 1829 as
a Counselor in the Supreme Court, and in the follow-
ing year he removed to Buffalo. His political life
commenced with his election to the State Assembly,
in which he took his seat in 1829. In 1832 he was
elected to Congress, and took his seat in the following
year. In 1835, at the close of his term in office, he
resumed the practice of the law, but was re-elected
to Congress in 1837. During this term he took a
more prominent part in the business of the House
than during his former term, and was assigned a place
on the Committee on Elections. He was successively !
re-elected to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh |
Congresses. At the close of the first session of the I
Twenty-seventh Congress he declined a re-election,
returned to Buffalo, and again devoted himself to his
profession. In 1847 he was elected to the office of
Comptroller of the State. In 1848 he was nominated
by the Whigs as their candidate for Vice-President,
and elected to that office in the autumn of the same
year. In March, 1849, he resigned his office of Comp-
troller, to assume the duties of his new position,
where he remained until the death of President Tay-
lor in July, 1850, by which he was elevated to the
Presidential chair. His term of office expired March
4, 1852. After his retirement from public life he vis-
ited Europe. In 1869 he presided as President of the
Commercial Convention, at Louisville, Kentucky.
Died at Buffalo, March 8, 1872.
Finchf Isaac, — He was a native of New York ;
a member of the Assembly of that State in 1822 and
1824 ; and a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1829 to 1831.
Findlay f James, — Born in Franklin County,
Pennsylvania, about 1775 ; emigrated to Cincinnati in
1793 ; was one of the Legislative Council of the Ter-
ritory in 1798 ; a prominent democratic leader ; often
a member of the Legislature ; and was Receiver of
Public Moneys in Cincinnati District from the first
establishment of Land Offices until 1824 ; was Colonel
of the Second Ohio Volunteers in 1812, serving under
General Hull at Detroit ; was a Representative in
Congress from 1825 to 1833 ; and candidate for Gov-
ernor in 1834. Died at Cincinnati, December 28, 1835.
Findlay, fTohn, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1823 to 1827. He
was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and was
•a brother of James and William Findlay, who were
also in Congress.
Findlay f William, — He was born in Franklin
County, Pennsylvania ; was Governor of Pennsylvania
from 1817 to 1820 ; and a Senator in Congress from
that State from 1821 to 1827. Died November 14,
1846, aged seventy- eight years.
Findlay y William, — He came in early life from
Ireland. In the Revolution he engaged with zeal in
the cause of his adopted country, and at the close of
the war he removed to Pennsylvania ; he was a
■member of the Convention which framed the new
'Constitution of Pennsylvania, and a member of Con-
gress trom that State from 1791 to 1799, and from
il8t03 to 1817. In his politics he opposed the adminis-
tration of Mr. Adams, and supported Mr. Jefferson.
He published a " Review of the Funding System " in
1794, and a " History of the Insurrection of the Four
Western Counties of Pennsylvania," in 1796. He
died at Unity Township, Greensburg, April 5, 1821,
aged upwards of seventy.
Fine, John, — Born in New York, August 26,
1784 ; graduated at Columbia College, New York, in
1809 ; studied law at Litchfield, Connecticut, and set-
tled in St. Lawrence County, New York ; was a Judge
in that county for eighteen years, from 1821 to 1839,
and again in 1844 ; a State Senator in 1848 ; was
County Treasurer from 1821 to 1833; and a Represent-
ative in Congress from 1839 to 18-41. He published
a volume of law lectures. Died in Ogdensburg, Jan-
uary 4, 1867.
Finkf William E, — He was born in Ohio in
1822 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar of
that State when twenty-one years of age ; in 1851 he
was elected to the Senate of Ohio ; in 1852 was a
member of the National Convention which nominated
General Scott for the Presidency ; in 1861 he was
again elected a State Senator, and in 1862 he was
chosen a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee
on the Post Office and Post Roads. Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
the Post Office and Post Roads, and Roads and Canals.
Also re-elected to the Forty-third Congress to fill a
vacancy.
Finkelnhnrg, G, A, — Bom near Cologne, in
Prussia, April 6, 1837 ; emigrated with his family to
this country in 1848, and settled in Missouri ; at-
tended the St. Charles College in Missouri, and grad-
uated in the Law Department of the Ohio University
at Cincinnati, in 1859 ; came to the bar in 1860 ;
served one year in the Volunteer Army during the
Rebellion ; was elected to the State Legislature in
1864 ; re-elected, and acted as Speaker pro tern. , and
in 1868 he was elected a Representative from Mis-
souri to the Forty -first Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Commerce and Revision of Laws. He
was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress.
Finney f Dartvin A, — He was born in Shrews-
bury, Vermont, in 1814 ; removed to Pennsylvania
when young, and graduated at Meadville College ;
received a good education ; studied law and devoted
himself to the practice of the profession ; was a
member for several years of the Assembly and
Senate of Pennsylvania, and in 1866 he was elected
a Representative from that State to the Fortieth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenditures
in the State Department. Died in Europe, July 25,
1868.
Fishf Hamilton, — He was born in New York
City, August 3, 1808 ; graduated at Columbia College
in 1827 ; studied law and came to the bar in 1830 ;
was for several years a Commissioner of Deeds for
the City and County of New York ; in 1837 he was
elected to the State Legislature ; was a Represent-
ative in Congress from 1843 to 1845 ; in 1847 he was
elected to the State Senate to fill a vacancy ; was Gov-
ernor of New York from 1848 to 1850 ; a Senator in
Congress from 1851 to 1857 ; in 1862 he was appointed
one of a Board of Commissioners to relieve Union
prisoners in the Southern States, and succeeded in ne-
gotiating an exchange of prisoners ; in 1869 he went
into the Cabinet of President Grant as Secretary of
State ; and he took a conspicuous part in negotiating a
settlement of the Alabama Claims and one or two im-
portant treaties in 1871 and 1872. From the time
that he left the Senate until he became Secretary of
State he traveled in Europe and devoted himself
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
147
chiefly to tlie cultivation of Ms taste for art and
literature, and was for a time President of the New
York Historical Society. His father, Nicholas, was a
man of ability, distinguished as an officer in the Revo-
lutionary war ; subsequently attained the rank
of Adjutant-General, and was a personal friend of
Washington, whose confidence he possessed in a
high degree.
Fisher, Charles, — Born in Rowan County, North
Carolina, October 20, 1789. He received an academi-
cal education, and studied law, but did not practice
to any extent. He commenced public life by going
into the State Senate in 1818, and in 1819 was elected
to Congress from North Carolina, where he served
during his term. In 1821 he was elected again to the
State Legislature, where he served almost continu-
ously until 1836. He was a Delegate to the Conven-
tion to amend the State Constitution in 1835 ; and
from 1839 to 1841 was again a Representative in Con-
gress. He died at Hillsborough, Scott County, Mis-
sissippi, May 7, 1849, while returning home from an
extended tour in the South-west.
Fisher, David, — He was born in Somerset
County, Pennsylvania, December 3, 1794 ; received
an English education, chiefly in a log school-house ;
brought up to clearing land and farming in Ohio ; he
has done something also as a lay preacher ; in 1842 he
was elected to the Legislature of Ohio ; and he was
a Representative in Congress from that State, from
1845 to 1847. His chair in the House of Represent-
atives was next to that of the late John Quincy
Adams, and when the great statesman fainted, be-
fore his death, he fell into the arms of Mr. Fisher.
He is the author of a theological work on the "Divin-
ity of Christ."
Fisher, George, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1829 to 1830, and a
member of the New York Assembly, from Tioga
County, in 1835.
Fisher, George F, — Born in Milford, Kent
County, Delaware, October 13, 1817 ; graduated at
Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, in 1838 ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841 ; in 1840 he
was Clerk of the Delaware Senate ; in 1843 and 1844
he was elected to the Delaware House of Represent-
atives ; in 1846 he became Secretary of State of
Delaware ; in 1849 he went into the State Department
at Washington as the Confidential Clerk of Secretary
Clayton ; in 1850 he was appointed by President Tay-
lor a Commissioner to settle claims against Brazil,
which office expired in 1852 ; from 1857 to 1860 he
held the position of Attorney-General of the State of
Delaware ; and was elected a Representative from
that State to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as
a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He
was subsequently appointed by President Lincoln a
Judge of the Supreme Court for the District of Co-
lumbia, which position he resigned to accept that of
District Attorney, and from which he was removed in
1875.
Fisher, HendrieTc, — He was a Delegate from
New Jersey to the Colonial Congress which met in
New York in 1765.
Fisher, John, — He was born in Maryland ; re-
ceived a good education ; studied and settled in Dela-
ware, and was appointed United States Judge for that
District in 1812 by President Madison.
Fisher, tTohn, — He was born in Londonderry,
New Hampshire, March 13, 1806 ; spent his boyhood
working on his father's farm, and subsequently en-
gaged in mercantile pursuits ; spent about twenty-one
years in Hamilton, Canada, where he had charge of
an iron manufacturing establishment, and where he
was a member of the City Council, and over which
city he presided as Mayor ; in 1856 he returned to New
York, and settled at Batavia ; was subsequently
engaged as a State Commissioner in erecting the
buildings for the New York State Institution for the
Blind in Batavia ; was also the President of a Fire In-
surance Company ; and in 1868 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from New York to the Forty-first Congress,
serving on the Committee on Agriculture.
Fisher, Joseph IV,. — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania ; emigrated to Wyoming Territory and settled
at Cheyenne ; and in 1871 he was appointed United
States Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for the
Territory of Wyoming.
Fisher, S, S, — He was Commissioner of the
United States Patent Office from April, 1869, to Nov-
ember, 1870.
Fisk, James, — Born about the year 1762 ; re-
ceived a limited education, but studied law, and from
his superior natural talent, rose to eminence in his
profession ; he was a Representative in Congress from
Vermont from 1805 to 1809, and from 1811 to 1815,
when he was appointed one of the Judges of the Su-
preme Court of Vermont. He was a Senator in Con-
gress during the years 1817 and 1818, and resigned. In
1812 he was appointed by President Madison Judge of
the Territory of Indiana, and in 1817, Collector of the
Port of Alburg, which office he held eight years. He
died December 1, 1844.
Fisk, Jonathan, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1809 to 1811, and again
from 1813 to 1815, when he was appointed United
States Attorney for the Southern District of New
York.
Fitch, Asa, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York from 1811 to 1813.
Fitch, Graham N, — Born in Le Roy, Genesee
County, New York, in December, 1810. He received
his education at Middlebury and Geneva, but did not
graduate ; he studied medicine, and was a Medical
Professor in the Rush Medical College at Chicago,
Illinois, from 1844 to 1849. In 1844, 1848, and 1856, he
was chosen a Presidential Elector, and in 1836 and
1839 was elected to the Legislature of Indiana. He
was a Representative in Congress from that State from
1849 to 1853, and in 1857 was chosen a Senator of the
United States for the term ending in 1861, serving as
a member of the Committees on Post Offices and Post
Roads, and on Indian Affairs. He was also a Dele-
gate to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven-
tion " of 1866, and to the New York Convention of
1868.
Fitch, Thomas, — He was born in New York
City, January 29, 1838 ; received his school education
at the Wesleyan Academy of Massachusetts ; while
yet in his youth he was a clerk in New York ; worked
on a farm, went to sea before the mast, and was a
book-keeper in Milwaukee, Wisconsin ; after a short
mercantile career in Missouri, he returned to Wiscon-
sin and edited the Milwaukee Free Democrat ; went
to California in 1860, and became the editor of the San
Francisco Times ; also of the Placerville RepuUican ;
was elected in 1862 to the State Assembly,; removed
to Nevada Territory in 1863 and edited the Virginia
Union; was elected in 1864 to the first Constitutional
Convention of Nevada ; subsequently settled in
Washoe City and practiced law ; in 1865 he was ap-
pointed a District Attorney : in 1867 he settled in Bel-
mont, and was elected a Representative from Nevada
148
BIOORAPHICAL ANNALS
to tlie Forty- first Congress, serving on the Committees
on Public Lands and Post Office.
FittSf Oliver. — He was a citizen of Mississippi,
and in 1810 lie was appointed by President Madison
United States Judge for the Territory of Mississippi.
Fitzgeraldf Thomas, — He was a lawyer by pro-
fession ; served in the War of 1812 under General W.
H. Harrison ; and in 1848 and 1849 was a Senator in
Congress from Michigan under the appointment of the
Governor. Died at Niles, Michigan, March 25, 1855.
Fitzgerald, William, — He was born in Ten-
nessee, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1831 to 1833, and was a member of
the Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury De-
partment. He was also Judge of the Circuit Court
of Tennessee.
Fitzhughf Edivard C, — He was bom in Vir-
ginia ; was an early emigrant to Washington Terri-
tory, and was appointed an Associate Justice of the
United States Court for that Territory.
Fitzhughf Nicholas, — He came of a Virginia
family, and became a resident of the District of Col-
umbia soon after the removal of the Seat of Govern-
ment to Washington ; and in 1803 was appointed a
Judge of the Circuit Court of the United States for
the District of Columbia.
Fitzhiighf William, — He was born at "Bosco-
bel," Stafford County, Virginia ; which estate was
held by a grant from George II. He was a Delegate
to the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1780 ; was
an eminent citizen of Virginia ; and died there in
1809, aged eighty-three years.
Fitzpatrickf Senjamin. — He was born in
Greene County, Georgia, June 30, 1802 ; having been
left an orphan when quite young, he emigrated with
an elder brother, in 1815, to the valley of the Ala-
bama River, near Montgomery, where he resided
till his death. He received as good an education as
new countries generally afford ; studied law, and was
admitted to practice in 1821 ; was shortly afterwards
elected Solicitor of the Judicial District in which he
lived ; was again elected to the same office in 1825,
and held it until 1829 ; after which his health com-
pelled him to relinquish his profession, and settle
upon a farm. He was a Presidential Elector in 1840 ;
in 1841 was elected Governor of Alabama ; in 1843
was re-elected to the same position ; in 1852 he was
appointed a Senator in Congress, to succeed Honora-
ble W. R. King, which appointment was confirmed
by the Legislature of his State ; and at the conclusion
of that term he was elected, in 1855, to the same
position for the term ending in 1861 ; retired from
the Senate in February, 1861, and took part in the
Rebellion of that year. For several sessions he
served as President pro tern, of the Senate. He was
also a Delegate to the Philadelphia ''National Union
Convention " of 1866. Died in Elmore County, Ala-
bama, in November, 1869 or 1870.
Fitzsimofts, Thomas,— Ke was a Delegate to
the Continental Congress from Pennsylvania from
1782 to 1783 ; was a member of the Convention that
formed the Constitution, and si^ed that instrument ;
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1789 to 1795 ; was a member of the Legislature
for many years ; President of the Philadelphia
Chamber of Commerce and of other local Institu-
tions ; and died in August, 1811, aged seventy years.
He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat
of Government on tlie Potomac. The house of which
he was a member gave five thousand pounds to sup-
ply the army in 1780.
Flanagan, tTames W, — He was bom in Albe-
marle, Virginia, September 5, 1805 ; received a good
education ; removed to Kentucky, where he engaged
in mercantile pursuits, and was a Justice of the
Peace for twelve years ; removed in 1843 to Texas ;
and studied law, and entered upon its practice ; also
in planting cotton, which he continues to do ; was a
member of the State Legislature in 1851 and 1852,
and of the Senate in 1855 and 1856 ; was an Elector
in 1857 ; a member of the State Constitutional Con-
ventions of 1866 and 1868 ; elected to Congress for
the State at large in 1869 ; elected Lieutenant-
Governor in 1869 ; was elected to the United States
Senate for the term commencing in 1870, and ending
in 1875, serving on the Committees on Mines and Min-
ing, Post Offices, and as Chairman of that on Educa-
tion and Labor.
Flanders f Alvin, — Born in Hopkinton, New
Hampshire, in 1825 ; acquired the trade of a ma-
chinist in Boston ; removed to California in 1851,
where he was engaged in the lumber business until
1858 ; subsequently took part in establishing the San
Francisco Daily Times, with which he was con-
nected until 1861 ; during that year he was elected to
the State Legislature ; spent two years in the United
States Branch Mint ; was appointed, in 1862, Regis-
ter of the Humboldt Bay Land Office, which he re-
signed; and then he removed to Washington Territory,
from which he was elected a Delegate to the Fortieth
Congress. In 1869 he was appointed Governor of
Washington Territory.
Flanders, Senjamin F, — Bom in Bristol,
New Hampshire, January 26, 1816 ; graduated at
Dartmouth College in 1842 ; studied law and settled
in New Orleans ; taught school in that city for a time,
and became the editor of the Tropic newspaper ;
served as a member of the City Government ; was
Superintendent of a public school, and also of a rail-
road company ; and towards the close of the year
1861 he was elected, under a new order of things, a
Representative from Louisiana to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, taking his seat within a fortnight of its
final adjournment. In 1867 he was appointed by
military authority Governor of Louisiana, supersed-
ing J. M. Wells, having previously held a special
appointment under the Treasury Department.
FlandratVf Charles E, — He was bom in New
York, and having removed to Minnesota Territory,
was appointed an Associate Justice of the ^United
States Court for that District.
Flannigan, Harris, — He was for many years a
leading man in the State of Arkansas ; member of the
last Constitutional Convention ; was elected Gover-
nor of the State in 1873 ; and died at Arkadelphia,
October 23, 1874.
Flemming, William, — He was a Delegate
from Virginia to the Continental Congress from 1779
to 1781.
FlenniJcen, Hobert P, — He was a citizen of
Pennsylvania, and in 1847 was appointed Charge
d' Affaires to Denmark, and remained there until 1849.
Flennikerf JRohert F, — He was a native of
Pennsylvania, and was appointed a Justice of the
United States Court for the Territory of Utah, resid-
ing at Salt Lake City.
Fletcher, Isaac, — He was formerly a member
of the Vermont Legislature, and a member of Con-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
149
gress from that State from 1837 to 1841. He died at
Lyndon, Vermont, October 19, 1842.
Fletcher f JRicJiard, — Born at Cavendish, Ver-
mont, January 8, 1788 ; graduated at Dartmouth Col-
lege in 1806 ; studied law with Daniel Webster ; was
admitted to the bar in 1809 ; and was settled at Salis-
bury until 1825, when he removed to Boston. He
was leading counsel for the Warren Bridge proprie-
tors in their famous case with the Charles River
Bridge Company. He was often an antagonist of Web-
ster and Mason, and became eminent in all branches
of legal practice. He was a member of the Massa-
chusetts Legislature ; a Representative in Congress
from 1837 to 1839 ; and Judge of the Supreme Court
of Massachusetts from 1848 to 1853. He bequeathed
one hundred thousand dollars to Dartmouth College,
Died in Boston, June 21, 1869. He received from
Harvard and Dartmouth Colleges the degree of Doc-
tor of Laws.
Fletcher y Ryland. — He was born in Cavendish,
Vermont, in 1799 ; and was Governor of that State
from 1856 to 1858.
Fletcher, Thomas, — He was a member of the
Kentucky Legislature from Montgomery County, in
1803, 1805, and 1806 ; was a General in the War of
1812 ; was a Representative in Congress from Ken-
tucky in 1816 and 1817 ; and again a member of the
Legislature in 1817, 1820, 1821, and 1825.
Fletcher, Thoinas C — He was Governor of
Missouri from 1864 to 1868 ; and in 1875 he was
Chairman of the Red Cloud Indian Investigating
Committee.
Flood, George H, — ^He was a citizen of Ohio,
and in 1840 was appointed Charge d' Affaires to the
Republic of Texas, remaining there about one year.
Florence, Ellas, — ^He was born in Virginia ;
and, having taken up his residence in Ohio, was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845.
Florence, Thomas J5. — Born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, January 26, 1812. He had not the ben-
efit of a college education ; for a time he devoted
himself to the occupation of a hatter ; he published
and edited, for several years, a Democratic news-
paper ; was nine years Secretary of the Board of Con-
trollers of Public Schools in Pennsylvania ; and was
elected to Congress in 1850, where he served continu-
ously until 1859, acting as a member of the Commit-
tees on Naval Affairs and Invalid Pensions. He was
also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; and
while occupying his seat as a Representative, estab-
lished in Washington the National Democratic Re-
view, and subsequently edited the Constitutional
Union in Washington. He was also a Delegate to
the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " for
1866. He subsequently established and edited in
Washington a Sunday paper called the Gazette, and
died in that city, July 4, 1875.
Floiirnoy, Thomas S, — He was born in Vir-
ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1847 to 1849. He participated in the great
Rebellion, and was killed in battle in Virginia, in
June, 1864.
Floyd, Charles A, — He was bom in New
York ; served in the Assembly of that State in 1836
and 1838, and was a Representative in Congress from
1841 to 1843.
Floyd, J'ohn, — Born at Beaufort, South Caro-
lina, October 3, 1769 ; after the pecuniary losses of his
father during the Revolution, they moved to Georgia
in 1791, and by boat-building, near the mouth of the
St. Ilia River, acquired wealth. He was Brigadier-Gen-
eral of Militia from August, 1813, to March, 1814,
and subsequently Major-General ; commanded at the
battle with the Creek Indians at Autossee, Alabama,
November 29, 1813, in which he was severely
wounded ; and at the battle with the Creeks at Camp
Defiance, Alabama, January 27, 1814 ; was often a
member of the State Legislature, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Georgia from 1827 to 1829 ;
died in Camden County, Georgia, June 24, 1839.
Floyd, JToJm, — Was born in Jefferson County,
Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress from
Virginia from 1817 to 1829 ; served many years in the
Legislature of that State, and was Governor of Vir-
ginia from 1829 to 1834. He died at the Sweet
Springs in that State, August 16, 1837.
Floyd, John JB, — He was born in Montgomery,
now Pulaski County, Virginia, in 1805, and was the
son of John Floyd, formerly a member of Congress.
He was a student at the Georgetown College, District
of Columbia, but graduated at the State College of
South Carolina in 1826 ; from 1836 to 1839 he resided
in Arkansas ; from 1847 to 1849 he served in the Vir-
ginia Legislature ; was Governor of Virginia from 1849
to 1852 ; was a Delegate to the Cincinnati Conven-
tion of 1856 ; was Secretary of War in the administra-
tion of President Buchanan, and in 1860 caused an
extensive transfer of arms from Northern to Southern
Arsenals ; and he was one of the first to join the Re-
bellion, in which he took a leading part as a Briga-
dier-General. Before its close, he became unpopular
in the Confederate Array, and after unmilitary con-
duct at Fort Donelson, he was forced to retire from
the army. He died at Abingdon, Virginia, August
27, 1863.
Floyd, tTohn G, — He was a native of New
York ; served in the Assembly of that State, and was
a Representative in Congress from the same from
1839 to 1843, and from 1851 to 1853.
Floydf Williain, — He was born in Suffolk
County, New York, December 17, 1734 ; was a Dele-
gate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1783,
and signed the Declaration of Independence ; was a
Representative in Congress from New York from 1789
to 1791 ; a Presidential Elector in 1800, 1804, and
1820 ; and for three years a member of the New York
State Senate ; in 1801 he was a member of the State
Constitutional Convention. He died in Oneida County,
New York, August 4, 1821.
Flugler, Thomas T. — He was born in New
York ; served in the Assembly of that State in 1842
and 1843, and was a Representative in Congress from
1853 to 1857.
Fogg, George G. — He was born in Meredith,
Belknap County, New Hampshire, May 26, 1815 ;
graduated at Dartmouth College in 1839 ; soon after-
wards became Principal of the Hebron Academy :
was subsequently Professor of English Literature in
the New Hampton Academical Institution, studying
law at the same time ; and, after a course of study
at the Cambridge Law School, he was admitted to the
bar in 1842. After practicing for some years in Gil-
manton he was elected in 1846 to the State Legisla-
ture, and soon afterwards Secretary of State, when
he became editor of the Independent Democrat, with
which he has ever since been connected. In 1855 he
was appointed Reporter of the Decisions of the Su-
preme Judicial Court of the State, which he resigned
in 1859 ; in 1856 he was apDointed Clerk of the Con-
gressional Committee sent out by the House of Rep-
150
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
resentatives to Kansas ; was a Delegate to the " Buf-
falo Free Soil Convention " of 1848 ; the " Pittsburg
Convention" of 1853 ; the *' Philadelphia Republican
Convention" of 1856 ; and to the "Chicago Conven-
tion " of 1860 ; was a member of the Republican
National Committee from 1856 to 1864, and Secretary
of said Committee during the canvass for the re-
election of President Lincoln in 1860 ; in 1861 he
was appointed bj President Lincoln Minister Resi-
dent to Switzerland, returning in November, 1865 ;
and in 1866 he was appointed a Senator in Congress
from New Hampshire in the place of D. Clark, re-
signed, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs,
Claims, and Revolutionary Claims. He was also a
Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention "
of 1866.
Foley f James H. — He was born in Kentucky,
and, having taken up his residence in Indiana, was
elected a Representative in Congress from that State
in 1827, and was a member of the Committees on Ag-
riculture and Expenditures in the Post Oifice Depart-
ment.
FolgeVy Walter, — He was born at Nantucket,
Massachusetts ; was a direct descendant of Benjamin
Franklin ; was a member of the Massachusetts Senate
from 1809 to 1815, and also in 1822 ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1817 to
1831.
Folsom, George. — He was born in Kennebunk,
Maine, May 23, 1802 ; graduated at Harvard College
in 1822 ; studied law, and settled in Framingham,
Massachusetts ; also resided for a time in Worcester,
and removed to New York in 1837 ; was Librarian of
the New York Historical Society, and in 1841 edited a
volume of ' ' Dutch Annals," and several other publica-
tions ; in 1844 he was elected to the State Senate and
was ex-officio member of the Court of Errors ; in 1850
he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to the Hague ; on
his return he was President of a Savings Bank, and
of the American Ethnological Society, and a Director
in the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Died in
Rome, Italy, March 27, 1869.
Folsoifif Nathaniel. — Born in Exeter, New
Hampshire, in 1726 ; he commanded a company at
Fort Edward in 1755 ; distinguished himself in the
action with Dieskau ; commanded a Regiment of
Militia before the Revolution, and served as Briga-
dier-General of the New Hampshire forces, during
the siege of Boston, until relieved by Sullivan, July,
1775 ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in
1774, 1775, 1777, 1778, 1779, and 1780. Was a Coun-
cilor in 1778 ; and President of the Convention
which framed the Constitution of New Hampshire in
1783. Died at Exeter, May 26, 1790.
Foot, Samuel A. — Born in Cheshire, Connecti-
cut, November 8, 1780 ; graduated at Yale College in
1797, and commenced the practice of law in his native
town. He was chosen a Representative in Congress
from Connecticut in 1819, 1823, and 1833 ; was
Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives
in 1825 and 1826 ; and Senator in Congress from 1827
to 1833, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Pensions. In 1834 he was elected Governor of the
State, and in 1844 he was a Presidential Elector.
He died September 16, 1846. He it was who offered,
on the floor of Congress, the famous resolutions upon
which was founded the great debate between Hayne
and Webster.
Foot, Solomon. — He was born in Cornwall, Ad-
dison County, Vermont, November 19, 1802 ; gradu-
ated at Middlebury College in 1826 ; was for one year
the Principal of Castleton Academy, and for a time a
tutor in the University of Vermont, and Professor of
Natural Philosophy in the Vermont Academy of Medi-
cine ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1831, set-
tling in Rutland, where he always resided. He was
a member of the Vermont Legislature in 1833, 1836,
1837, 1838, and 1847 ; was Speaker of the House dur-
ing his last three terms ; was a member in 1836 of the
Convention for altering the State Constitution ; and
was a State Attorney from 1836 to 1842. He was a
Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1847 ; and
was elected a Senator in Congress from Vermont for
the term commencing in 1851 and ending 1857, serv-
ing on the Committees on Foreign Affairs and the
Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman of the Committee
on Public Buildings and Grounds. He was re-elected
to the Senate for the term ending in 1863 ; also for a
third term ending in 1869, continuing at the head of his
old Committee, and as a member of those on Foreign
Relations, Pensions, and Commerce. He was also a
member of the National Committee appointed to
accompany the remains of President Lincoln to
Illinois, During a part of the Thirty-sixth, the
whole of the Thirty-seventh, and a part of the Thir-
ty-eighth Congresses, he was President pro tern, of the
Senate. He was also a Delegate to the "Baltimore
Convention" in 1864. Died in Washington, March
28, 1866, deeply lamented.
Foote, diaries A. — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1823 to 1825. Died in Delaware County, August
1, 1828.
Foote, Henry S, — He was born in Fauquier
County, Virginia, September 20, 1800, and was edu-
cated at Washington College, in that State ; studied
law, was admitted to the bar, and settled in Alabama
in 1824 ; in 1826 he removed to Mississippi, and there
continued the practice of his profession ; was a Presi-
dential Elector in 1844 ; was elected in 1847 a Senator
in Congress, where he remained until 1852, officiating
as Chaii-man of the Committee on Foreign Relations ;
and he was elected Governor of Mississippi in 1852.
He subsequently spent a few years in California. In
1859 he was a member of the Southern Convention,
held at Knoxville, Tennessee, and during his life
fought three duels. He identified himself with the
great Rebellion, and was a member of the Confeder-
ate Congress ; and after the return of peace he pub-
lished " The War of the Rebellion." He subsequently
resided in Washington City, and published a volume
of his " Personal Recollections of Public Men."
Foote, Thomas 31. — He was bom in 1809 ;
received a good education and prepared himself for
the medical profession ; he was for many years the
proprietor and editor of the Buffalo Commercial Adver-
tiser; in 1849 he was appointed Charge d'Affaires to
New Grenada ; and in 1852 to the same position near
the government of Austria. Died at Buffalo, Febru-
ary 20, 1858.
Forbes, tlames. — He was a Delegate from
Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1778 to
1780.
Forbes, JTohn M, — He was a citizen of Florida ;
sent as Secretary of Legation to Buenos Ayres in
1823 ; commissioned as Charge d'Affaires in 1825 ;
and died at his post, June 14, 1831.
Force, Feter. — He was born at Passaic Falls,
New Jersey, November 26, 1790 ; removed with his
father, a revolutionary soldier, to New York city in
1793 ; learned the printer's trade, and was President
of the Typographical Society in 1812 ; as a printer he
had the honor of setting up some of the early papers of
the " Sketch Book." In November, 1815, he removed
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
151
to Washington, where he published the National
Calendar from 1820 to 1836 ; in 1823 established the
National Journal, in support of John Quincy Adams ;
was for several years a city Councilman and Alderman ;
Mayor of Washington from 1836 to 1840 ; and was the
first Vice-President and afterwards President of the
National Institute at Washington. His great work
was " American Archives," of which only nine vol-
umes were printed, the tenth being still unpublished ;
in 1852 he published " Grinnel Land;" in 1856
" Records of Auroral Phenomena," and edited four vol-
umes of rare American Tracts. Died at Washington,
January 23, 1868. His large and valuable library and
collection of manuscripts relating to American His-
tory were purchased by the Government, and now
form a part of the Congressional Library. For a sketch
of his life and library, see "Haphazard Personali-
ties," by the present writer.
Ford, Gabriel H, — Born in Morristown, New
Jersey, in 1764 ; graduated at New Jersey College in
1784 ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in
1789 ; was President Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas for the Eastern District, and from 1820 to 1840
was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. His family
residence was the headquarters of Washington in
1777. Died in Morristown, August 27, 1849.
Fordf James, — He served two years in the
Pennsylvania Legislature, and was a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1829 to 1833.
His life was honorably interwoven with the history of
his State, and he died at Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania,
August, 1859, aged seventy-six years.
Fordf Seabury, — Born in Pomfret, Connecticut,
October 15, 1801 ; graduated at Yale College in 1825 ;
studied law, and was admitted to practice in Bur-
ton ; was often a member of the State Legislature,
and once Speaker in each branch ; was Governor of
Oh o in 1848 and 1850, and Major-General of Militia.
He died at Burton, Ohio, May 8, 1855.
Ford, Thomas, — In 1804, while a child, his
parents emigrated to Illinois. He practiced law, and
waH a judge of the Superior Court of the State ; was
the author of a History of Illinois from 1818 to 1847 ;
and was Governor of the State from 1842 to 1846.
Died in Peoria, January, 1851.
Fordf Thomas H, — He was elected in 1860
Government Printer for the House of Representa-
tives.
Ford, William D, — He was born in Provi-
dence, Rhode Island ; served in the New York
Assembly in 1816 and 1817 ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1821.
Forester, John B, — He was born in Tennessee,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1833 to 1837, and was a member of the Commit-
tee on Claims. Died August 31, 1845.
Forker, Samuel C-^He was born in Mount
Holly, New Jersey, March 16, 1821 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; was Cashier of the Borden-
town Banking Company ; and elected to the Forty-
second Congress, serving on the Committee on Revo-
lutionary Claims.
Fornance, Joseph, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1839 to 1841.
Forney 9 Daniel M, — Born in Lincoln County,
North Carolina, May, 1784. During the late war
with England he served as Major in the State line,
and was a Representative in Congress from North
Carolina from 1815 to 1818, and. in 1820 was appointed
Commissioner to treat with the Creek Indians. From
1823 to 1826 he was a member of the State Legisla-
ture. In 1834 he removed to Lowndes County, Ala-
bama, where he died in October, 1847.
Forney, John W, — Born in Lancaster, Penn-
sylvania, September 30, 1817 ; acquired the art of
printing, and took charge of the Lancaster Intelli-
gencer as early as 1840 ; in 1845 he removed to Phila-
delphia, where he edited the Pennsyhanian until
1851 ; from that year until 1855 he was Clerk of the
United States House of Representatives, and at the
same time conducted the Union newspaper ; in 1857
he returned to Philadelphia and established the
Press ; was again made Clerk of the House of Repre-
sentatives from 1859 to 1861 ; he soon afterwards es-
tablished the Chronicle in Washington City, and at the
same time continued to edit the Press in Philadel-
phia ; and he was Secretary of the United States Sen-
ate from 1861 until 1868. He subsequently spent sev-
eral years in Europe, and did much by his pen to pro-
mote the success of the Centennial Exhibition in Phila-
delphia.
Forney, Feter, — Born in Lincoln County, North
Carolina, April, 1756. He was a patriot and soldier of
the Revolution. He served as a member of the State
Legislature for several years, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from North Carolina from 1813 to
1815. He served as an Elector during the Presiden-
tial campaigns of Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, and
Jackson. Died February 1, 1834.
Forney^ William IT, — Born in Lincolnton,
North Carolina, November 9, 1823 ; removed to Ala-
bama in 1835 wdth his parents ; graduated at the Uni-
versity of Alabama in 1844 ; served as a Lieutenant of
Volunteers in the war with Mexico ; studied law and
practiced the profession for twenty-five years ; was
elected to the State Legislature in 1859 ; served in the
Confederate Army during the Rebellion, and was
made a Brigadier-General ; was elected a State Sena-
tor in 1865 ; and in 1874 he was elected a Representa-
tive from Alabama to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Forrest, Thomas, — He was born in Philadel-
phia, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1819 to 1821, and again
from 1822 to 1823, for the unexpired term of William
Milnor. Died March 20, 1825. He was elected to
Congress by one vote.
Forrest, Uriah, — He was a General in the
Revolutionary War ; lost a leg at the battle of Bran-
dywine ; was wounded at the battle of Germantown,
from the effects of which he never recovered ; was a
Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1786 to
1787 ; was a Representative in Congress from Mary-
land during the years 1793 and 1794, and resigned.
Died at his country seat near Georgetown, District of
Columbia, in 1805.
Forsyth, John, — He was born in Fredericks-
burg, Virginia, October 2, 1780 ; graduated at Princeton
College in 1799 ; removed with his father to Charleston,
South Carolina, and afterwards to Augusta, Georgia.
He studied law, and from 1802 to 1808 distinguished
himself at the Georgia bar ; and in 1808 was Attor-
ney-General of the State ; he was a Representative
in Congress from Georgia from 1813 to 1818, and
from 1823 to 1827 ; a Senator in Congress during the
years 1818 and 1819, and from 1829 to 1837, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Commerce ; Governor
of Georgia in 1827, 1828, and 1829 ; Minister to Spain
from 1819 to 1822 ; and wa':- Secretary of State under
President Jackson, in which position he was continued
152
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
by President Van Buren until the end of his adminis-
tration. His superior abilities were universally ac-
knowledged, and the dignity and elegance of his
manners added much to his popularity. He died in
Washington City, of bilious fever, October 21, 1841.
Fort, Qeorge F* — He was Governor of New
Jersey from 1851 to 1854.
Fort, Greenherry L, — He was born in Ohio,
October 17, 1825 ; removed to Illinois in 1834 ; was
raised on a farm ; admitted to the bar ; elected
Sheriff, Clerk of Circuit Court, and County Judge ;
volunteered in the army in 1861, and was mustered
out of service in 1866 ; was elected to the State
Senate in 1866, and to the Forty-third Congress, serv-
ing on the Committee on Territories. Re-elected to
the Forty -fourth Congress.
Fort, Tomlhison, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Georgia from 1827 to 1829. He was at
one time a member of the Legislature of Georgia ;
practiced the profession of medicine ; and was Presi-
dent of the Central Bank of Georgia from 1832 until
his death, which occurred May 11, 1859, aged seventy-
two years.
Forward, Chaancey, — He was born at Old
Granby, Connecticut, and was the younger brother of
Walter Forward. About the year 1800 he removed
to Ohio with his father ; was educated at Jefferson
College ; studied law, and came to the bar in Pitts-
burg, Pennsylvania. In 1817 he settled in Somerset,
of that State ; was frequently elected to the State
Legislature, serving in both Houses ; in 1825 he was
elected a Representative in Congress for an unexpired
term, and was twice re-elected, serving until 1831,
He never quitted politics, nor ceased to practice his
profession, but late in life took a special interest in
matters connected with the Baptist Church, and be-
came a very popular and successful preacher. He
died at Somerset, October, 1839.
Forward, Walter, — He was born in Connecticut
in 1786, where he received a liberal education. He re-
moved to Pittsburg in 1803, and studied law. In 1805
he became editor of the paper called the Tree of Lib -
e/rty ; from 1806 to 1822 he was engaged in the prac-
tice of law, and, as a pleader, had few equals. In
1822 he was elected to Congress from Pennsylvania as
a Representative, where he continued till March, 1825.
In 1837 he bore a prominent part in the Pennsylvania
Convention to reform the State Constitution. In
March, 1841, President Harrison named him First
Comptroller of the Treasury, which post he held until
he was appointed by President Tyler Secretary of the
Treasury. On retiring from President Tyler's Cabi-
net, he resumed and continued his practice at the bar,
until appointed by President Taylor Charge d' Affaires
to Denmark, where he spent several years, resigning
his situation to return home in order to accept the of-
fice of President Judge of the District Court of Alle-
ghany County, to which he had been called by popu-
lar election. While in court, employed in his judicial
duties, he was suddenly taken ill, and died in forty-
eight hours, at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, November
24, 1852.
Fo7'ward, William ^.— Was born in New
York ; was a Canadian rebel in 1836, and suffered im-
prisonment and banishment ; went to Florida in 1845
and settled permanently ; served several years in the
Territorial and State Legislatures ; from 1852 to 1857
he was Judge of the Eastern Judicial Circuit ; and in
1859 he was elected to the Supreme Bench of his
adopted State. Died at Pilatka, October 19, 1865.
Fosdick, Nicoll, — Born in New London, Con-
necticut, November 9, 1785, of direct Puritan stock ;
in 1809 removed to Herkimer County, New York ;
was a Presidential Elector in 1816 ; a member of the
Legislature of New York in 1818 ; again in 1819, and
declined a re-election ; was a Representative from
New York in the Nineteenth Congress ; returned to
his native place in 1843, and from 1849 to 1853 was
Collector of Customs for the District of New London.
Died in New London, May 7, 1868.
Foster^ JLbiel, — Born in Andover, Massachusetts,
August 8, 1735 ; graduated at Harvard University in
1756 ; studied theology, and was a pastor for eighteen
years over the Congregational Church in Canterbury,
New Hampshire ; and in 1780 was a Representative
to the General Court ; was a Delegate from New
Hampshire to the Continental Congress from 1783 to
1785 ; and was present at Washington's resignation of
the command of the army at Aimapolis ; he was a
Representative in Congress from New Hampshire
from 1789 to 1791, and was again a Representative in
the Legislature, and a Delegate to revise the State
Constitution ; was a member of the State Senate from
1793 to 1794, and in both years was President of that
body ; and was re-elected to Congress from 1795 to
1803. He died at Canterbury, February 6, 1806.
Foster, A, Latvrence, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1841 to 1843.
Foster, Charles, — He was born April 12, 1828 ;
educated at the Academy of Norwalk, Ohio ; engaged
in mercantile and banking business ; and never held
any public office until elected to the Forty-second
Congress and two following Congresses, serving on
the Committee on Ways and Means.
Foster, C, G, — He was born in Monroe County,
New York, January 22, 1837 ; was educated at a dis-
trict school and also at an academy in Palmyra, New
York ; when sixteen years of age, having lost his
parents, went to live with an uncle in Michigan ;
completed his education at the Adrian Academy and
studied law in that town. His health failing, he re-
turned to New York and resumed his legal studies in
Rochester, and came to the bar in 1859 ; removed to
Kansas soon afterwards ; was commissioned a Colonel,
and rendered some military service on the frontiers ;
in 1862 he was elected to the State Senate ; was Mayor
of Atchison in 1867 ; and in 1874 he was appointed
Judge of the United States District Court for the
District of Kansas.
Foster, Dwight, — Born in Brookfield, Massa-
chusetts, December 7, 1757 ; graduated at BroAATi
University in 1774 ; practiced law at Brookfield ; was
County Sheriff and Judge and afterwards Chief Jus-
tice of Common Pleas ; was some years a Member of
the House and Senate of Massachusetts ; a Represent-
ative in Congress from 1793 to 1799, and United
States Senator from 1800 to 1803, when he resigned ;
was a member of the Executive Council of Massa-
chusetts, and on the death of his father was chosen
to supply his place in the Convention for framing the
State Constitution in 1779. He died in Brookfield,
April 29, 1823.
Foster, Ephraim H, — He entered public life
when quite young, and in 1829 was Speaker of the
House of Representatives of Tennessee. In 1837 he
was elected to the United States Senate, but in 1839
resigned his seat because he could not obey the in-
structions of the State Legislature ; and in 1843 he
was re-elected for two years. On his return from
Washington he was a candidate for Governor, but
failed of an election. He died at Nashville, Septem-
ber 4, 1854.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
153
Foster f Henry A. — He was born in New York ;
served in tlie Senate of that State from 1831 to 1834,
and from 1841 to 1844 ; was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York from 1837 to 1839 ; and was a
Senator in Congress during the years 1844 and 1845,
by appointment of the Governor. He was subse-
quently a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York.
Foster, Henry Donnel, — He was born in
Mercer, Pennsylvania, December 19, 1812 ; received
a liberal education ; studied law ; was elected to the
Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses ; was
elected to the Legislature of Pennsylvania in 1846
and 1847 ; was the Democratic candidate for Governor
of Pennsylvania in 1860 ; and was elected to the
Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on
Claims.
Foster, tledediah. — Born in Andover, Massa-
chusetts, October 10, 1726 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1744 ; was a lawyer by profession ; was
a member of the Worcester Convention in 1774, and
soon after chosen to the Provincial Congress, of
which he was an active and useful member. About
the same time he was elected a Councilor ; in 1776
he was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court ; and
was for many years a Judge of Probate, and also of
the Court of Common Pleas. He was also a member
of the Convention which formed the Constitution of
Massachusetts. He died October 17, 1779.
Foster, tfohn W, — He was a citizen of Indiana,
and in 1873 he was appointed Envoy and Minister
Plenipotentiary to Mexico, and was still in office as
late as 1875.
Foster, La Fayette S, — He was born in Frank-
lin, New London County, Connecticut, November 22,
1806, and is a direct descendant of Miles Standish.
He graduated at Brown University in 1828 ; studied
law, and came to the bar in 1831 ; was a member of the
General Assembly of Connecticut in 1839 and 1840, in
1846, 1847, and 1848, and 1854 ; was Speaker of the
House in 1847, 1848, and 1854 ; Mayor of the city of
Norwich for two years, in 1850 and 1851 ; received
the degree of LL.D. from Brown University in 1850,
and was chosen a Senator in Congress for' the term
commencing in 1855 and ending in 1861, serving as a
member of the Committees on Public Lands, Pensions,
and the Judiciary. He was re-elected in 1860 for
the term ending in 1867, and during the Thirty-
seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses he was Chair-
man of the Committee on Pensions, and a member of
the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, Private
Land Claims, Indian Affairs, and Foreign Relations ;
at the extra session of the Senate, in 1865, he was
chosen President pro tern, of that body ; the death of
Abraham Lincoln and the elevation of Andrew Johnson
to the Presidency making him Acting Vice-President
of the United States, During the subsequent recess, as
a member of a Special Committee of the Senate, he
visited some of the Indian tribes west of the Missis-
sippi. In 1869 he was elected Professor of Law in
Yale College, and in 1870 to a seat on the Bench of
the Supreme Court of Connecticut.
Foster, Nathaniel 6r.— Born at " The Fork,"
in Greene County, Georgia, August 25, 1809 ; grad-
uated at Franklin College in 1820 ; read law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1831, and settled in Madison,
Georgia, where he obtained a high reputation as an
advocate and jury lawyer. He served three years as
Solicitor-General of Ocmulgee Circuit, five years in
the State Senate, and one year in the House ; and
was a Representative in the Thirty- fourth Congress.
Foster, Stephen C» — Born in Machias, Maine,
December 34, 1799 ; commenced life as a blacksmith.
but for the last twenty-five years has been a lumber-
merchant and ship-builder ; was in the Maine Legis-
lature from 1834 to 1837 ; again in 1840, when he was
President of the Senate ; and again in 1847 ; was
elected to Congress from Maine in 1856, serving
through the Thirty-fifth Congress as a member of
the Committee on Manufactures. He is now Presi-
dent of the Washington Agricultural Society of his
native State. He was also elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, and was also a member of the Peace Con-
gress of 1861.
Foster, Theodore, — He was born in Massa-
chusetts ; graduated at Brown University in 1770 ;
and was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island
from 1790 to 1803, and died in 1828, aged seventy-six
years.
Foster, Thomas F. — Born in Greensborough,
Georgia, November 23, 1790. He graduated at Frank-
lin College in 1812 ; read law at home, and at Litch-
field, Connecticut, and was admitted to the bar in
1816. He was for many years a member of the
Georgia Legislature ; and a Representative in Con-
gress from Georgia from 1829 to 1835, and again from
1841 to 1843. He died in 1847.
Foster, Wilder J>. — He was born in Orange
County, New York, January 8, 1819 ; received a
common -school education ; went to Michigan in 1837
as an apprentice to the tinner's trade ; carried on
general hardware business in Grand Rapids ; was
City Treasurer and Alderman of that city, and elected
Mayor in 1854 ; was elected State Senator for 1855
and 1856 ; again elected Mayor in 1865 and 1866 ; was
elected to the Forty-second Congress to fill a vacancy,
and was re-elected to the Forty-third Congress, serv-
ing on the Committee on Public Expenditures.
Fouke, Philip S, — Born in Kaskaskia, Illinois,
January 23, 1818 ; w^as chiefly self-educated ; was
first a clerk and then a civil engineer ; in 1841 he
established a paper called the Bellemlle Advocate,
which he printed and edited for four years ; he then
studied law, and after being admitted to practice, he
was elected in 1846 Prosecuting Attorney for his Dis-
trict, and re-elected ; in 1851 he was elected a mem-
ber of the Illinois Legislature ; in 1856 he was again
elected Prosecuting Attorney ; and in 1858 was
elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public
Expenditures. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, but served as Colonel of Volunteers in 1861,
resigning his commission in 1862.
Fowler, John, — He was a soldier in the War of
the Revolution ; attained the rank of Captain, and
was a member of Congress from Kentucky from 1797
to 1807. He died at Lexington, Kentucky, August 22,
1840, aged eighty-five years.
Forvler, Joseph Smith, — He was born in Steu-
ben ville, Ohio, August 31, 1822 ; graduated at Frank-
lin College in 1843, in which institution he was a Pro-
fessor of Mathematics for four years ; he commenced
the study of law in Kentucky, but removing to Ten-
nessee, was admitted to the bar in that State, which
has since been his home. When the Rebellion broke
out, he warmly espoused the Union cause ; in Sep-
tember, 1861, he left the State under the forty days'
proclamation of Jefferson Davis, and resided in Spring-
field, Illinois, until April, 1862 ; and on his return he
was Comptroller of Tennessee under Governor John-
son, and took a leading part in organizing the Union
party and re-organizing the State Government. In
1865 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Ten-
nessee for six years, but was not admitted to his seat
until July, 1866. He was a Delegate to the Philadel-
3 54
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
pMa "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ;. and the Com-
mittees upon which he was placed in the Senate were
those on Manufactures, Territories, Foreign Affairs,
Pensions, and as Chairman of that on Engrossed Bills.
Fotvler, Orin, — Born at Lebanon, Connecticut,
July 29, 1791 ; graduated at Yale College in 1815 ;
studied theology under Dr. Dwight; performed an ex-
tensive missionary tour in the Valley of the Missis-
sippi, and in 1819 settled as pastor in Plainfield, Con-
necticut. He was twenty years a pastor at Fall River,
which he represented in both branches of the Legisla-
ture for several years ; was a Representative in Con-
gress from 1849 to the time of his death, which oc-
curred in Washington, September 3, 1852. He replied
to Mr. Webster's speech of March 7, 1850, and was an
opponent of intemperance and slavery. He published
"A Treatise on Baptism "in 1835, and "Historical
Sketch of Fall River," 1841.
FoivleVf Samuel, — Born in New Jersey in 1779;
was a distinguished member of the medical profes-
sion, and a Representative in Congress from New
Jersey from 1833 to 1837. Died in Sussex County,
New Jersey, February 21, 1844.
FoXf Edivard, — He was born in Maine, and was
a resident of Portland; and in 1866 he was appointed
United States Judge for the District of Maine.
Fox>, Gitstavus Vasa, — Born in Saugus, Mas-
sachusetts, June 13, 1821 ; entered the navy as Mid-
shipman in 1838, and remained in the service for nine-
teen years ; in 1856 he went into the manufacturing
business at Lawrence ; when hostilities commenced
in 1861 he was assigned the duty, by President Lin-
coln, of supplying Fort Sumter with provisions ;
soon afterwards he entered the Navy Department as
Assistant Secretary, where he remained until 1866,
when he resigned ; in an official capacity he was sent
to Russia to deliver in person the Resolution of Con-
gress passed upon the escape of the Emperor from as-
sassination ; on his return to the United States he
resumed his old business of manufacturing in Massa-
chusetts.
FoXf John, — He was born in the city of New
York in 1835 ; received a common-school education ;
was bred to a mechanical employment ; was elected
an Alderman in the City Councils ; also held the office
of Supervisor, and in 1866 he was elected a Represent-
ative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads,
and Invalid Pensions. Re-elected to the Forty-first
Congress, serving on the Committee on Mileage and
Enrolled Bills.
Franchotf Richard, — Was born in Morris, Ot-
sego County, New York, in 1816 ; received an English
education ; served as a civil engineer for seven
years ; subsequently turned his attention to farming ;
was President of the Albany and Susquehanna Rail-
road Company ; and was elected a Representative
from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on the District of Columbia
and the Pacific Railroad. He died at Schenectady,
November 23, 1875.
Francis, John Sroivn, — Born in Philadelphia,
May 31, 1794; graduated at Brown University in
1808. Losing liis father in infancy, he was reared by
his maternal grandfather, Nicholas Brown, one of the
founders of Brown University. He acquired a mer-
cantile education at Providence, and attended the
Litchfield Law School. In 1821 he settled at Spring
Green as an agriculturist. He was a member of the
State Legislature from 1821 to 1829 ; State Senator
in 1831 ; Governor from 1833 to 1838 ; State Senator
in 1842 ; United States Senator in 1844 and 1845 ;
State Senator again from 1849 to 1856 ; Trustee in
Brown University from 1828 to 1857 ; and Chancellor
from 1841 to 1854. Died at Warwick, Rhode Island,
August 9, 1864.
FranciSf John M,—A citizen of New York ;
long editor of the Troy l^mes ; and in 1871 was ap-
pointed Minister Resident to Greece, where he remained
until 1873. Re- visited Europe for pleasure iu 1875.
Frank, Augustus, — He was born in Warsaw,
Wyoming County, New York, July 17, 1826; early
became engaged in mercantile pursuits, to which he
was devoted for many years. In 1858 he was elected
a Representative from New Yoi'k to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on
Patents ; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress,
serving on the Committees on the Library and on
Mileage ; and for a third term was re-elected to the
Thirty -eighth Congress, when he was made Chairman
of the Committee on the Library, serving also on the
Committee on Mileage, and the Select Committee on
the Bankrupt Law. He was also a Delegate to the
" State Constitutional Convention " of 1867.
Franklin, Senjaniin, — Born in Boston, Janu-
ary 17, 1706 ; after various vicissitudes, when seven-
teen years of age he went to Philadelphia, and ac-
quired the trade of a printer ; with the help of Gov-
ernor Sir William Keith he visited England, where
he remained nearly two years ; on his return he be-
came a clerk, and then engaged in business on his
own account ; in 1732 he commenced the publication
of " Poor Richard's Almanac," which he continued
until 1737 ; after that he established a newspaper,
and held the various offices of State Printer, Clerk
of the General Assembly, and Postmaster of Phila-
delphia. He was the father and patron of the Phil-
osophical Society, and of the Pennsylvania Univer-
sity and Hospital ; in 1741 he published the General
Magazine, and in 1744 he was elected to the Pro-
vincial Assembly, holding the office ten years. In
1758 he concluded a treaty with the Indians at Car-
lisle, and in the following year was sent to Albany,
New York, to meet a Congress of Commissioners to ar-
range means of defense against the French and In-
dians. He subsequently became Postmaster-General
of America ; was sent to England as an advocate and
agent for the province on two occasions, remaining
there eleven years ; on the breaking out of the
Revolution he returned to America, and took an ac-
tive and important part in public affairs ; was a
signer of the Declaration of Independence, a Dele-
gate to the Continental Congress in 1775 and 1776 ; in
1778 he was sent to France in a diplomatic capacity,
where he remained until 1785 ; he was next elected
Governor of Pennsylvania, and was a membe of the
Convention which formed the Federal Constitution,
and signed that instrument ; and he died April 17,
1790. The qualities of his mind were remarkably
various, but he perhaps stood pre-eminent as a phi-
losopher and benefactor of mankind. He made im-
portant discoveries in electricity ; wrote and pub-
lished much on a variety of themes, and his " Life,
Writings, and Correspondence," issued in ten volumes,
are an important feature in all the best libraries of
the country.
Franklin, J5. J, — Born in Mason County, Ken-
tucky ; educated at Bethany College, West Virginia ;
subsequently taught school ; studied law, and on
coming to the bar settled at Leavenworth in Kansas ;
in 1860 he removed to Missouri ; served in the Con-
federate Army as a Captain ; in 1871 he was elected
Circuit Attorney for the Twenty-fourth Circuit of the
State, and in 1874 he was elected a Representative
from Missouri to the Forty-fourth Congress.
BIOaRAPHICAL ANNALS
155
Franklifif Jesse, — He was born in Surrv
County, North Carolina, in 1758 ; served with credit
in the Revolutionary war, as a Major ; was a member
of the House of Delegates of that State in 1794 ; rep-
resented that State in Congress from 1795 to 1797, and
then returned to the Legislature. From 1799 to 1805,
and from 1807 to 1813, he was United States Senator,
officiating in the Eighth Congress as President pro
tern, of the Senate ; and, having been superseded by
F. Locke, in 1816, he was appointed by President
Madison a Commissioner to treat with the Chicka-
saws ; and was elected Governor of North Carolina in
1820. He died in Surry County, in 1823, aged sixty-
five years.
Franklin f John H. — ^He was born in Worcester
County, Maryland, May 6, 1820 ; graduated at Jeffer-
son College. Pennsylvania, in 1836 ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1841 ; served in the State
Legislature of Maryland in 1843, and also in 1849,
when he was elected Speaker ; in 1851 he was chosen
President of the Board of Public Works of the State ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Maryland
from 1853 to 1855.
FranJcliny Meshack, — A Representative in
Congress from North Carolina from 1807 to 1815. He
served in the House of Commons of that State in 1800,
and in the State Senate in 1828 and 1829. He was
also a member of the Executive Council of North
Carolina, and a Delegate to the Convention for revis-
ing the State Constitution. He died in Surry County,
December 18, 1839.
Ff^anklinf Walter S. — He was born in Penn-
sylvania, and in 1833 he was elected Clerk of the
National House of Representatives, in which he
remained until 1838.
Fraser^ Fhilip, — He was born in Pennsylvania ;
adopted the profession of law and settled in Florida,
at Jacksonville ; and in 1862 he was appointed United
States Judge for the Northern District of Florida.
Frazier, William O. — He was a citizen of
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he was born in 1776 ;
was appointed an Associate Justice of the Territory
of Wisconsin ; and died at Milwaukee, October 18,
1838.
Freedley , John, — He was born (according to an
interesting work published by E. T. Freedley, Esq.)
in Norristown, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania,
May 22, 1793. He commenced life as a brickmaker ;
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1820 ; he
entered extensively into various kinds of business,
especially that of quarrying marble, and was success-
ful ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania from 1847 to 1851. He died December
8, 1851.
Freeman f Chapman, — Born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, October 8, 1832 ; graduated at the high
school of his native city in 1850, having been
advanced six months for proficiency ; began the study
of law, but relinquished it to engage in mercantile
pursuits. He entered the navy as Assistant Paymas-
ter in 1863, and was attached to the blockading
squadrons in the North Atlantic and the Gulf of
Mexico ; was on board of the Iron Age at the time of
her destruction off the coast of North Carolina ; was
on special duty during the attacks on Newbern, Lit-
tle Washington, and Plymouth in 1864. In the latter
year he resigned on account of ill-health ; resumed
the study of law, came to the bar, and practiced in
Philadelphia ; was a Commissioner from that city to
the Austrian Exposition in 1873, and was elected a
Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth
Congress.
Freennan^ Constant, — He was born in Massa-
chusetts, and in 1816 he was appointed Fourth Audi-
tor of the Treasury, though at that time called
" Accountant of the Navy," but in 1817 he received
the title of Auditor, and served as such until 1824.
Freeman, James C, — He was born in Jones
County, Georgia, April 1, 1820 ; received a common-
school education ; was a planter ; was a Union man
before, during, and since the war, and never held any
office before he was elected to the Forty-third Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Land Claims.
Freennan, John D, — He was born in New.
Jersey, and, having removed to Mississippi, was
elected a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1851 to 1853.
Freeman, Jonathan, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from New Hampshire from 1797 to
1801. From 1789 to 1797 he was a State Councilor ;
from 1793 to 1808 one of the Overseers of Dartmouth
College ; and died in 1808, aged sixty -three years.
Freejnan, Nathaniel, — He was born at Dennis,
Massachusetts, in April, 1741, and died September 27,
1820. He graduated at Harvard University ; studied
medicine ; and was a patriot in the Revolutionary
war ; performed various services in the Legislature
and as a Brigadier-General of Militia ; he was also a
Judge of Probate for forty-seven years, and a Judge
of the Common Pleas for thirty years ; he was twice
married, and had twenty children ; and was a member
of Congress from Massachusetts from 1795 to 1799.
Freeman, Samuel, — Born in Portland, Prov-
ince of Massachusetts, June 15, 1743 ; was active and
zealous in the Revolutionary struggles ; in 1774 was»
Secretary of the Cumberland County Convention ;
member of the Provincial Congress in 1775 ; and of
the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1776
and 1778. In 1775, on the re-organization of the Courts,
was appointed Clerk, and held that office forty-five
years ; was Register of Probate until commissioned
Judge in 1804, continuing until 1820 ; Postmaster of
Portland from 1776 to 1805 ; an efficient friend
of Bowdoin College. Published " Town Officer,"
American Clerks' Magazine, " The Massachusetts
Justice," 8vo, 1803 ; "Probate Directory," 1803 ; and
edited the Journal of Rev. Thomas Smith in 1821.
Died in Portland, September 2, 1831.
Frelinghuysen, Frederick, — Born in New
Jersey, April 13, 1753 ; graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1770. When twenty-two years of age he was
sent to the Continental Congress ; and as Captain of a
Volunteer Corps of Artillery he was at the battles of
Trenton and Monmouth, and it is said that it was he
who killed Rhalle, the Hessian commander at Trenton.
He was a Senator in Congress from 1793 to 1796, when
he resigned on account of domestic bereavements. He
stood among the first at the bar of New Jersey, and
held various State and County offices. He died April
13, 1804.
Frelinghuysen, Frederick T, — He was born
at Millstown, Somerset County, New Jersey, August
4, 1817, and is the nephew and adopted son of
Theodore Frelinghuysen ; graduated at Rutgers Col-
lege in 1836 ; studied law, and came to the bar in
1839 ; was appointed Attorney-General of New Jersey
in 1861, and re-appointed in 1866 ; and was subse-
quently appointed a Senator in Congress from New
Jersey for the unexpired term of William Wright,
deceased, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary
156
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
and Pensions. In January, 1867, Ms appointment as
Senator was confirmed by the election of the Legisla-
ture, and his term terminated in 1869. The Com-
mittees upon which he served were those on Naval
Affairs, the Judiciary, and Claims. He was re-elect-
ed to the Senate for the term ending in 1875, serving
on the Committees on Foreign Affairs and the
Judiciary, and as Chairman of the Agricultural Com-
mittee. In 1870 he was appointed Minister to England,
but declined. Re-elected to the Senate for the term
ending in 1877.
Frelinghuyserif Theodore, — He was born in
Millstown, Somerset County, New Jersey, March 28,
1787, and was the son of Frederick, of the Continen-
tal Congress ; graduated at Princeton College, Nas-
sau Hall, in 1804 ; studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1808 ; was Attorney-General of New Jer-
sey from 1818 to 1829 ; a Presidential Elector in 1829 ;
and a Senator in Congress from New Jersey, from
1829 to 1835. He was Chancellor of the University
of New York from 1889 to 1850, when he resigned ;
and while in that position was the candidate of the
Whig party for Vice-President upon the ticket with
Henry Clay. In 1850 he was elected President of
Rutgers College, where he officiated until his death,
devoting much of his time and means to the benevo-
lent and educational interests of his native State, of
New York, and of the Union. He resided for many
years at Newark, New Jersey, and was Mayor of that
city in 1837 and 1838. He also served as President of
the American Temperance Union, of the American
Tract Society, the Board of Foreign Missions, and of
the American Bible Society, during his residence in
New York. In the church, he was for many years
recognized as a great leader in all the moral move-
ments of the country, and was universally beloved.
He had a rare command of thought and language,
and was considered an eloquent speaker. Died at
New Brunswick, New Jersey, April 12, 1862.
Fremont, John Charles, — Born in Savannah,
Georgia, January 21, 1813. His father was an emi-
grant from France. He received a good education,
though left an orphan at four years of age ; and at
the age of seventeen he graduated at Charleston Col-
lege. From teaching mathematics he turned his at-
tention to civil engineering, and was recommended to
the Government for employment in the Mississippi
Survey. He was afterwards employed at Washing-
ton in constructing maps of that region. Having
received the commission of a Lieutenant of Engi-
neers, he proposed to the Secretary of War to pene-
trate the Rocky Mountains. His plan was approved,
and in 1842, with a few men, he explored the South
Pass. Impatient of quiet, he planned a new ex-
pedition to tlie Territory of Oregon, He approached
the Rocky Mountains by a new line, scaled the sum-
mits south of the South Pass, deflected to the Great
Salt Lake, and connected his survey with that of
Wilkes's Exploring Expedition. He also performed
another expedition, in which he revealed the grand
features of Alta California, its great basin, the Sierra
Nevada, the valleys of the San Joaquin and Sacra-
mento, and established the geography of the western
portion of the continent. In August, 1844, he was
planning a third expedition, while writing the history
of the second, and before its publication, in 1845, was
again on his way to the Pacific, collecting his moun-
tain comrades, to examine in detail the Asiatic slope
of the continent, which resulted in giving a new
volume of science to the world, and California to the
United States, After the conquest of California, in
which he bore a part, he was the victim of a quarrel
between two American commanders, and was stripped
of his commission by court-martial. The President re-
instated him, but he declined returning. He deter-
mined to retrieve his honor. One line more would
complete his survey — the route for a great road from
the Mississippi to San Francisco, Again he appeared
in the Far West, He refitted his expedition, and
started again ; pierced the country of the Apaches ;
met, awed, or defeated savage tribes ; and in a
hundred days from Santa Fe stood on the banks of
the Sacramento. The people of California reversed
the judgment of the court-martial, and he was made
the first Senator of the Golden State, serving from
1849 to 1851, He was subsequently, in 1856, a candi-
date for President, in opposition to Mr, Buchanan,
and though he received a large vote, was defeated.
In 1861 he served in the Union army as a Major-
General ; and by the "Cleveland Convention" of
1864 was again nominated for the office of President
of the United States, and again defeated.
Frenchf A, C, — He was born in New Hampshire,
and after graduating at Harvard University, removed
to Illinois and entered into the public service of that
State in 1835. He was a lawyer by profession, and
was for several years the President of the Board of
Trustees of McEndree College, and Professor of Law
in that institution. He was Governor of Illinois from
1846 to 1853. He died in Lebanon, Illinois, Septem-
ber 4, 1864.
French, benjamin I>, — He was born in New
Hampshire ; removed to Washington City, and be-
came interested in politics ; in 1845 he was elected
Clerk of the House of Representatives, and held the
position until 1847 ; was greatly distinguished as a
member of the Masonic Fraternity ; and in 1853 he
was appointed Commissioner of Public Buildings in
Washington, serving in that capacity many years.
Died a resident of Washington.
Frenchf C, E, G, — He was an early emigrant to
California, and was appointed from that State, in
1875, Chief Justice of the United States Court for the
Territory of Utah.
French, Ezra J5. — He was born in New Hamp-
shire ; received a common-school education ; settled
in Maine, and became Secretary of State ; and was a
Representative from Maine in the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, serving as a member of the Committee on
Manufactures. He was also a member of the Peace
Congress of 1861. By President Lincoln he was ap-
pointed Second Auditor of the Treasury, and was
still in office in 1875.
French, John R, — Bom in Gilmanton, New
Hampshire, May 28, 1819 ; was apprenticed to the
printing business ; published for five years the Herald
of Freedom ; edited for two years the Eastern Journal,
in Maine ; removed to Ohio in 1854, and there edited
newspapers called the Telegraph, the Press, and the
Cleveland Leader ; was elected to the Ohio Legislature
in 1858 and 1859 ; in 1861 he was appointed a Govern-
ment Clerk in Washington ; in 1864 a Tax Commis-
sioner for North Carolina ; was a Delegate to the
State Constitutional Convention of 1867 ; and was
elected a Representative from North Carolina to the
Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the
War Department.
French, Hichard, — He was a native of Ken-
tucky ; was a lawyer by profession ; became a prom-
inent Judge in that State, and the town of French-
burg was named for him. He was a member of the
Legislature from Clark County in 1820 and 1822 ; and
a Presidential Elector for Jackson in 1829 ; was a
Representative in Congress from 1885 to 1837 ; and
again from 1847 to 1849.
Frey, Joseph, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
157
md was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1827 to 1831.
FricJCf Henry, — Born in Northumberland Conn-
by, Pennsylvania, in 1795 ; was educated as a printer ;
became an editor of a newspaper at Milton ; served
for three sessions in the State Legislature ; and was
I Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania at
the time of his death, which occurred at Washington
City, March 1, 1844.
FrieSf George, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
md having removed to Ohio, was elected a Represent-
itive in Congress from that^tate from 1845 to 1847,
md for a second term ending in 1849. Died Novem-
ber 13, 1866.
Fronientifi, Eligius, — A Senator of the United
States from Louisiana from 1813 to 1819. In 1821 he
svas Judge of the Criminal Court of New Orleans, and
[vas appointed Judge of the Western District of Flor-
da. He shortly resigned his office and returned to
;he practice of law at New Orleans ; where he died of
;he yellow fever, October 6, 1822.
Frost, Edward, — ^He was born in Charleston,
5outh Carolina, in 1801 ; received a good education ;
studied law, and came to the bar in 1823 ; was elected
;o the State Legislature ; and from 1843 to 1853 he
vas a Judge of the Supreme Court of South Carolina ;
md died in Charleston, July 22, 1868.
Frost f George,— Born April 26, 1720 ; in 1740 he
eft the counting-house of his uncle, Sir William Pep-
3errill, at Kittery Point, Maine, and entered one
)f his vessels as supercargo, following the sea for
ibout twenty years ; and, becoming a partner with
jfeneral Richards of London, sailed to and from that
3ort. About 1760 he returned to New Castle and re-
sided there for four years, and then fixed his resi-
ience in Durham. He was Judge of the Court of
Common Pleas of Stafford County, from 1773 to 1791 ;
md was for many years Chief Justice. He was a
Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1777 to
L779, and Councilor from 1781 to 1784. Died June
11, 1796. His father was a commander in the Royal
tsavy.
Frost f tToel, — He was born in New York ; served
in the State Assembly in 1806 and 1808, and was a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1823
bo 1825.
Frost f Mufus S, — Born in Marlborough, New
Bampshire, July 18, 1826 ; removed to Boston in 1838 ;
w&s educated in the public schools and Newton Acad-
5my ; began mercantile life as a clerk, and entered
the dry goods commission business, which he has
since followed successfully ; was elected Mayor of
Chelsea in 1867, and re-elected in 1868 with only five
votes against him ; was State Senator in 1871 and
1872 ; was a member of the Governor's Council in
1873 and 1874 ; was for many years a Director of the
North National Bank of Boston, and a Trustee of the
Boston Five Cent Savings Bank. He built a fire-proof
building in his native town, placed in it a library of
valuable books, and presented it to the town, with the
condition that it should be for the free use of the in-
habitants. In 1874 he was elected a Representative
to the Forty-fourth Congress from Massachusetts.
Frj/f Jacob f tTr, — He was a native of Pennsyl-
vania, and was elected a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1835 to 1839. He was at one
time Auditor-General of the State, and died at Norris-
town, Pennsylvania, November 28, 1866.
Frye, William JP. — ^He was bom in Lewiston,
Maine, September 2, 1831 ; graduated at Bowdoin Col-
lege in 1850 ; studied and practiced law ; was a mem-
ber of the State Legislature in 1861, 1862, and 1867 ;
Mayor of Lewiston in 1866 and 1867 ; Attorney-Gen-
eral of the State in 1867, 1868, and 1869, and was
elected to the Forty-second, and two following Con-
gresses, serving on several Committees, and as Chair-
man of that on the Library.
Fuller f JBartholomew, — He was bom in North
Carolina, and in 1859 he was appointed from that
State Fifth Auditor of the Treasury, serving as such
until 1861.
Fuller, Benoni St in son, — Born in Warrick
County, Indiana, November 13, 1825 ; raised on a farm
and received a common-school education, and after
reaching his twenty-first year he became a school-
teacher. In 1856 he was elected a County Sheriff, and
re-elected in 1858 ; in 1862 he was elected to the State
Senate, serving four years ; in 1866 and 1868 to the
Legislature ; in 1870 and 1872 to the Senate for a
second and third term, and was then elected a Repre-
sentative from Indiana to the Forty- fourth Congress.
Fuller, George, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1843 to 1845.
Fuller, Henry M. — He was bom in Bethany,
Wayne County, Pennsylvania, January 3, 1820 ; grad-
uated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, in 1839 ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842 ; in 1848
was elected to the Legislature of Pennsylvania ; and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1851 to 1853, and from 1855 to 1857. Died in
Philadelphia, December 26, 1860.
Fuller, tferome, — He was an early emigrant to
Minnesota ; and in 1851 was appointed Chief Justice
of the United States Court for that Territory.
Fuller, FJiilo C — He was a member of the
New York Assembly in 1830 ; a Representative in
Congress from New lork from 1833 to 1837 ; the
Second Postmaster-General, from 1841 to 1843 ; Comp-
troller of New York in 1851 ; and died at Geneva,
August 16, 1855.
Fuller, TJiomas J, X). — He was born in Hard-
wick, Caledonia County, Vermont, March 17, 1808 ;
was left an orphan when seven years of age ; spent
his boyhood and youth upon a farm ; on attaining
manhood, studied and adopted the profession of law,
having been admitted to the bar in 1833 ; and remov-
ing to Maine was elected State Attorney for his coun-
ty for three years ; was elected a Representative from
Maine to the Thirty-first, Thirty-second, Thirty-third,
and Thirty-fourth Congresses, serving as an active
member of the Committee on Commerce. In 1857 he
was appointed by President Buchanan Second Auditor
of the Treasury, which office he held until 1861.
Fuller, Timotliy, — He was born at Chilmark,
Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, July 11, 1778, and
graduated at Harvard University in 1801 ; was a mem-
ber of the Massachusetts Senate from 1813 to 1817 ;
Speaker of the Lower House in 1825 ; again a State
Representative in 1831 ; a State Councilor in 1831 ;
and he was a Representative in Congress from Massa-
chusetts from 1817 to 1825 ; and died at Groton, Mas-
sachusetts, October, 1, 1835, aged fifty-seven years.
He was the father of the distinguished authoress,
Sarah Margaret Fuller.
Fuller, William X«— He was a member of
the Assembly of New York in 1829 and 1830 ; at one
158
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
time Adjutant-General of the State Militia ; and from
1833 to 1837 a Representative in Congress.
Ftillerton, David, — Born in 1771 ; was for sev-
eral years a member of the State Legislature of Penn-
sylvania ; and represented that State in Congress from
1819 to 1820, when he resigned. He died at Greencas-
tle, Pennsylvania, February 1, 1843.
Fulton f A^ndrew S, — He was born in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1847 to 1849.
Fulton, JTohn H, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1833 to 1835, and died at
Abington, January 28, 1836.
Fulton, TFilliam S, — He was born in Cecil
County, Maryland, June 2, 1795 ; graduated at Balti-
more College in 1813, and commenced the study of
law with William Pinckney ; but before coming of
age he served with great credit in a Volunteer com-
pany, which was assigned to the defense of Fort Mc-
Henry. He was Aid to Colonel Armistead, taking
charge of his company during the illness of that com-
mander, and returned with them to the city of Balti-
more. After peace was restored in 1815, he removed
to Tennessee with his father's family, and resumed
the study of law with Felix Grundy. In 1818 he vol-
unteered with the Nashville Guards, and was Private
Secretary to General Jackson during the Florida cam-
paign. He settled in Alabama for the practice of law,
and was appointed by President Jackson, in 1829, Sec-
retary of the Territory of Arkansas, and in 1835 Gov-
ernor of the same, which office he held until the
Territory was admitted into the Union as a State,
when he was elected a Senator from Arkansas, from
183G to 1844. He died at Rosewood, near Little Rock,
Arkansas, August 15, 1844.
Furnass, M, W, — He was Governor of Nebraska
from 1873 to 1875.
Goidsden, Christopher, — He was born in
Charleston, South Carolina, in 1724 ; and was a Dele-
gate from that State to the Continental Congress from
1774 to 1776 ; having previously been elected to the
New York Congress of 1765, to petition against the
Stamp Act. During the siege of Charleston, in 1780,
he was taken prisoner and confined for some months
at St. Augustine. A parole Avas offered him, but he
declined to accept ; and on his release by exchange,
he was elected Governor of the State, but declined to
serve on account of his age. He died August 28,
1805. His grandson, bearing the same name, was
the third Episcopal Bishop of South Carolina.
Gadsden,. James, — Born in Charleston, South
Carolina, May 15, 1788 ; graduated at Yale College in
1806 ; engaged in commercial pursuits till the War
of 1812, when he was Lieutenant of Engineers, and
served in Canada ; was confidential aid to Genera]
Jackson after the war, and accompanied him in the
Seminole War in 1818, in which he distinguished
himself and was made Captain, having charge of the
construction of works for the defense of the Gulf fron-
tier. On October 19, 1820, was appointed Inspector-
General of the Army, with rank of Colonel ; after
the reduction of the army in 1822, he was relieved,
and assisted Mr. Calhoun, Secretary of War, for sev-
eral months. He then became a planter in Florida ;
was a member of the Territorial Council, and as Com-
missioner effected a treaty for the removal of the
Seminoles from Northern to Southern Florida ; and
was afterward occupied in commerce and rice culture
near Charleston. He was appointed Minister to Mex-
ico in 1853, and negotiated the " Gadsden Purchase,"
4
now known as Arizona, for ten million dollars,
in Charleston, December 26, 1858.
Died
Gage, Joshua, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Massachusetts from 1817 to 1819, hav-
ing been a member of the Legislature from 1805 to
1808, in 1813, 1814, 1820, and 1821 ; and was a State
Councilor in 1822 and 1823.
Gaillard., John, — A Senator of the United
States from South Carolina from 1804 to 1826. He
voted for the War of 1812, and was repeatedly called
to preside over the Senate in the absence of the Vice-
President. He died at Washington, February 26,
1826.
Gaillard, Theodore^ — He was one of the
earliest Judges of the United States Circuit Court,
having been appointed to it and made Chief Justice
in 1801 of the Fifth Circuit ; and in 1813 he was ap-
pointed by President Jefferson a District Judge of the
United States for Louisiana, thereby making a trans-
fer of position which is not common among the Ju-
diciary.
Gaines, John J*. — He was born in Kentucky ;
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1847 to 1849 ; and was subsequently appointed
Governor of Oregon Territory. He served as a Major
in the Mexican War as Aid to General Scott, and suf-
fered imprisonment. Died in Oregon in 1858.
Gaifher, Nathan, — He was born in Kentucky ;
adopted the medical profession ; was a member of
the State Legislature from Adair County in 1815,
1816, 1817, and 1818 ; was a Presidential Elector in
1829 ; was a member of the Constitutional Conven-
tion of the State in 1849 ; and again a Presidential
Elector in 1861.
Galbraith, John, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania ; was bred a lawyer ; served several terms in
the Legislature of Pennsylvania ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1833 to
1837, and again from 1839 to 1841. Died at Erie,
June 15, 1860, while holding the office of United
States President Judge for the Sixth District of Penn-
sylvania.
Gale, George, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland from 1789 to 1791, and was
one of those who voted to locate the Seat of Govern-
ment on the Potomac.
Gale, Levin, — He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1827 to 1829.
Gale, William H, — He was appointed an As-
sociate Justice of the United States Court for the
Territory of Colorado.
Gales, Joseph, — He was born in Eckington,
England, April 10, 1786, and his father, bearing the
same name, was a printer, a personal friend of the
poet Montgomery ; and after coming to Philadelphia
in 1792, became the first reporter of proceedings in
the American Congress, and in 1799 founded the
Raleigh Register in North Carolina. The son went
with his father to Raleigh ; obtained a good educa-
tion, acquired the art of stenography, and a knowledge
of printing affairs ; went to Washington City in 1807,
and joined as an assistant the Intelligencer , which was
a new name for the Oazetteer, established by the father
in Philadelphia, and was removed vnth. the Govern-
ment ; he became one of the proprietors in 1809, and
from that time until his death, in conjunction with
his brother-in-lav/, William W, Seaton, was the rul-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
159
ing spirit of the great journal known to the world as
The National Intelligencer. He also held many local
offices of trust and honor, and was repeatedly chosen
Mayor of Washington. For many years he was, with
Mr. Seaton, the official publisher of the General Gov-
ernment, while the Firm, as men, political writers,
and public printers wielded a power throughout the
Republic which was never equaled in the United
States. For a full account of Gales and Seaton and
the National Intelligencer, from the pen of the present
editor, see Atlantic Monthly for October, 1860, and
" Haphazard Personalities. " The death of Joseph
Gales occurred in Washington, July 21, 1860.
GallaJieVf Jolm S. — He was appointed Third
Auditor of the Treasury in 1849 ; and re-appointed in
1850, remaining in office until 1853.
Gallatin^ Albert, — Born at Geneva, January 29,
1761 ; graduated at the University of his native city
in 1779, and, during the next year, emigrated to
America. He commenced his career in Maine, then a
part of Massachusetts, having been placed in com-
mand of a small fort at Machias, and, while there, he
furnished funds of his own to American troops, and
acted as a volunteer also. He was appointed a tutor
at Harvard University in 1782, and removed to Penn-
sylvania in 1783, where he acted a prominent part in
the State Convention of 1789, and served in the lower
branch of the Legislature in 1790 and 1791. He also
spent several years in Virginia, and in that State took
the oath of allegiance. In 1793 he was elected a Sen-
ator in Congress from Pennsylvania, but his seat was
vacated, in 1794, by a resolution of the Senate, on the
ground of want of citizenship for a sufficient length of
time ; and soon after, without his knowledge, he was
elected a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl-
vania, serving from 1795 to 1801. He was, in the lat-
ter year, appointed Secretary of the Treasury, under
President Jefferson, and, as an executive Councilor,
and subsequently diplomatist and statesman, he ob-
tained a very high reputation. In 1813 he went to
St. Petersburg as one of the Envoys Extraordinary
to negotiate with Great Britain, under the mediation
of Russia, and, during the following year, with
Adams, Bayard, Clay, and Russell, signed the Treaty
of Ghent. He assisted, also, in concluding the Com-
mercial Convention with England at London, in 1815,
and resided at Paris, as Minister of the United States,
from 1816 to 1823. In 1827 he obtained full indemni-
fication from England for injuries sustained by our
citizens, for violating the Treaty of Ghent. Presi-
dent Madison offered him a seat in his Cabinet as Sec-
retary of State ; President Monroe offered him the
post of Secretary of the Navy ; and he was also nomi-
nated for Vice-President ; all which honors he de-
clined. In 1828 he became a citizen of New York,
and took an active part in promoting the literary and
commercial interests of the Empire City and of the
Union at large. In 1831 he was a member of the
" Free Trade Convention," and drew up the memorial
to Congress, which embodies the views of the Demo-
cratic party ; he was President of the National Bank
of New York, and also of the New York Historical
Society, and the Ethnological Society, and advocated
the establishment of the New York University ; and,
just before his death, became identified with the
Smithsonian Institution. n He was a fine scholar, and
published many papers on the Currency and Finance,
on Indian Languages, and other important subjects.
He died at Astoria, Long Island, August 12, 1849.
GallegoSf JTosS M. — Was born in Rio Arriba
County, New Mexico, November 14, 1815 ; was edu-
cated at the Academy of Taos ; studied theology at
the College of Durango, Mexico, where he graduated
in 1840 ; was a member of the Legislative Assembly
of Mexico in 1843, 1844, 1845, and 1846 ; a member of
8
the first Legislative Assembly of the Territory of New
Mexico in 1850 and 1851 ; elected as Delegate to Con-
gress in 1854 ; was Speaker of the Territorial House
of Representatives in 1860, 1861, and 1862 ; Quarter-
Master-General of the Territorial Militia, and Treas-
urer of the Territory for five years ; was made prisoner
of war by the Texas Confederate troops, in 1862, and
subjected to close confinement ; was Superintendent
of Indian Affairs in New Mexico, in 1868 ; and was
elected Delegate to the Forty-second Congress.
Galloway f Joseph, — He was born in 1730 ;
was a member of the Assembly of Pennsylvania in
1764, officiating as Speaker; was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress in 1774 and 1775, and a signer
of the Declaration of Independence ; but subsequent-
ly deserted the American cause and joined the British
in New York. In 1779 he was examined before the
House of Commons, and his testimony was not cred-
itable to the British commander in America. Died
in England in 1803. He was the author of a number
of political pamphlets bearing upon the conduct and
the consequences of the war, which were published
in London, and attracted much attention.
Galloway, Samuel. — He was born in Gettys-
burg, Pennsylvania, in 1811 ; removed to Ohio in
1819 ; graduated at the Miami University in 1833 ;
was also a Professor in that institution, as well as
Hanover College in Indiana ; studied law, and came
to the bar in 1842 ; was at one time Secretary of
State ; and elected a Representative in the Thirty-
fourth Congress. He was a benevolent man, and
noted for his eloquence as an orator.
Gallup, Albert, — He was at one time Sheriff of
Albany County, New York ; a Representative in Con-
gress from New York from 1837 to 1841 ; and was
appointed by President Polk Collector of Albany.
He died at Providence, November, 1851.
Galusha, Jonas, — He was born in Norwich,
Connecticut, in 1753 ; was a Revolutionary soldier,
and served at Bennington, Vermont ; was a member
of the Council from 1793 to 1798, and again from
1801 to 1805 ; was a member of the General Assem-
bly in 1800 ; and Judge of the State Supreme Court
from 1795 to 1797, and from 1800 to 1806 ; Governor of
Vermont from 1809 to 1813, and from 1815 to 1820.
Died at Shaftsbury, Vermont, October 8, 1834.
Gamble, Hamilton It, — He was an active mem-
ber of the Constitutional Convention of Missouri at
the opening of the Rebellion in 1861, and was made
Acting and Provisional Governor of that State, when
the regular Governor, C. F. Jackson, joined the Con-
federacy. Died January 31, 1874.
Gamble, James, — He was born in Pennsylva-
nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1851 to 1855.
Gamhle, JRoger L, — Was a member of the
House of Representatives in Congress from Georgia
from 1833 to 1835, and from 1841 to 1843; and after-
wards Judge of the Superior Court of that State. He
died December 20, 1847.
Gannett, Harzilla, — He graduated at Harvard
University in 1785 ; served four years in the State
Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress
from Massachusetts from 1809 to 1811.
Gannt, E, W, — He was born in Tennessee, March
17, 1832 ; received a good education ; removed to Ar-
kansas in 1850 ; was elected a Representative in Con-
gress in 1860, but does not appear to have taken his
seat ; in 1873 he prepared a digest of the laws of Ar-
160
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
kansas ; and soon afterwards was appointed Commis-
sioner to the Centennial Exliibition. He died at
home, June 10, 1874.
Gansevoort, Leonard* — He was a Delegate
from New York to the Continental Congress in 1787
and 1788.
Gansorif tfohn, — He was born in Le Roy, Gene-
see County, New York, January 1, 1818 ; graduated at
Harvard College in 1839 : adopted the profession of
law ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1862 ;
and was elected a Representative from New York to
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Elections. He was also a Delegate to the
"Chicago Convention" of 1864. Died in Buffalo,
New York, September 28, 1874.
GarheVf Silas, — He was elected Governor of
Nebraska in 1875, for the term ending in 1877.
Gar denier f Sa7^ent, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1807 to 1811.
Gardner, Charles K, — Born in Morris County,
New Jersey, in 1787; was Ensign in the Sixth In-
fantry in 1808 ; Captain in 1812 ; Brigade-Major in
1812; Assistant Adjutant-General in 1813; Major
of Twenty-fifth Infantry in 1813 ; Adjutant-General
in 1814 ; Brevet Lieutenant - Colonel for distin-
guished service in 1815 ; Major of Third Infantry,
and Adjutant -General of Division of the North;
resigned in 1818. He was in the battles of Chryst-
lers Fields, Chippewa, and Niagara, and at the
siege and defense of Fort Erie. In 1822 and 1823 he
edited the New York Patriot; was the author of a
" Compendium of Infantry Tactics " in 1819; "Dic-
tionary of the Army of the United States," in 1853 ;
Second Edition, 1860. He was Senior Assistant Post-
master-General in 1829 ; Auditor of the Treasury
from 1836 to 1841 ; Postmaster at Washington City
from 1845 to 1849 ; Surveyor-General of Oregon from
1849 to 1853 ; and was afterwards in the Treasury De-
partment at Washington until 1867. He was the
father of General Frank Gardner, who surrendered
Port Hudson to the Federal Army in 1863. Died in
Washington, November 1, 1869.
Gardner, Francis, — He was born in Leomin-
ster, Massachusetts, December 27, 1771 ; graduated at
Harvard College ; was a Representative in Congress
from New Hampshire from 1807 to 1809 ; and died at
Roxbury, Massachusetts, June 25, 1835.
Gardner, Gideon, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Massachusetts from 1809 to 1811.
Gardner, Henry J, — He was Governor of
Massachusetts from the year 1855 to 1858.
Gardner, Josepli, — He was a Delegate from
Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress in 1784
and 1785.
Garfield, James A., — He was born in Orange,
Cuyahoga County, Ohio, November 19, 1831 ; gradu-
ated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1856,
and adopted the profession of law ; in 1859 and 1860
he was a member of the Ohio Senate ; in 1861 he en-
tered the army as Colonel of the Forty-second Regi-
ment of Volunteers ; was appointed a Brigadier-Gen-
eral in 1862, the day that he fought in the battle of
Middle Creek, Kentucky. He subsequently served at
Shiloh, Corinth, and in Alabama, and early in 1863
he- was appointed Chief of Staff to General Rosecrans,
with whom he served up to the battle of Chicka-
mauga. In 1862 he was elected a Representative
from Ohio to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving as
a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. Be-
fore taking his seat in Congress he was appointed a
Major-General of Volunteers "for gallant and meri-
torious services in the battle of Chickamauga, Geor-
gia, from September 19, 1863." Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Ways and Means, that on the Postal Railroad to New
York, and as Chairman of that on a Bureau of Edu-
cation ; and also as Regent of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
"Loyalists' Convention" of 1866, and to the "Sol-
diers' Convention " held in Pittsburg ; and was re-
elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on old Com-
mittees, and as Chairman of the Committee on Mili-
tary Affairs. Re-elected to the four succeeding Con-
gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committees on
Banking and Currency, the Census, and the Commit-
tee on Appropriations, and as Regent of the Smith-
sonian Institution. In 1872 he received the degree
of LL.D. from Williams College.
Garfielde, Seluciiis, — He was born in Shoreham,
Vermont, December 8, 1822 ; removed to Kentucky in
early life ; educated at Augusta College, read law,
and admitted to the bar ; in 1849 elected a member of
the Convention to revise the State Constitution ;
spent the following year in South America ; emi-
grated to California in 1851 ; was elected a member
of the Legislature of that State in 1852, and in 1853
was selected to codify the laws of the State ; returned
to Kentucky in 1854 ; was a member of the Cincin-
nati National Convention in 1856 ; an Elector in that
canvass; removed to Washington Territory in 1857,
where he filled the position of Receiver of Public
Moneys to 1860 ; was Surveyor-General from 1866 to
1869, when he was elected a Delegate to the Forty-
first Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-second
Congress.
Garland, A, H, — Born in Tipton County, Ten-
nessee, June II, 1832 ; was taken to Arkansas in the
following year; graduated at St. Joseph's College,
Bardstown, Kentucky, in 1849 ; studied law, and after
coming to the bar settled at Little Rock ; he opposed
the early movements of the Rebellion, but finally
joined his State in the Southern cause ; he served in
the Confederate Congress ; was subsequently chosen
to the United States Senate, but refused admission ; in
1874 he was for a short time Acting Secretary of State
of Arkansas ; and soon afterwards he was elected
Governor of Arkansas.
Garland, David S, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Virginia from 1809 to 1811. Died
in October, 1841.
Garland, Hugh A, — Born in Nelson County,
Virginia, June 1, 1805, and was grandson of General
John Garland ; graduated at Hampden Sidney Col-
lege in 1825 ; was Professor of Greek in that college
for five years ; studied law, and came to the bar in
1831 ; served five years in the State Legislature ; was
Clerk of the National House of Representatives from
1838 to 1841 ; acquired a competence by his profes-
sion, but by various misfortunes was reduced to pov-
erty ; when in his fortieth year, he removed to Mis-
souri, and was again successful in his profession ;
and two books that he published, the Lives of John
Randolph and Thomas Jefferson, were eminently
successful. He died at St. Louis, October 14, 1854.
His son, bearing his name, was killed in one of the
battles of Tennessee during the Rebellion, whilst
fighting against the Union.
Garland, JTames, — He was a native of Vir-
ginia, and a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1845 to 1847.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
161
Garlandf Rice, — He was born in Virginia, and,
having taken up liis residence in Louisiana, was a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1834
to 1840, having resigned to become Judge of the Su-
perior Court of Louisiana.
Garnettf James M. — Born at Elm wood, in Es-
sex County, Virginia, June 8, 1770. He served for
several years as a member of the Legislature of his
native State, and was a Representative in Congress
from Virginia from 1805 to 1809. He was a member
of the Convention assembled at Richmond in 1829 to
revise the Constitution of Virginia. He was inter-
ested in the cause of education, and devoted to the
pursuits of agriculture, having presided over the
Agricultural Society of Fredericksburg for more than
twenty years, and toiled laboriously for the forma-
tion of a National Agricultural Society. He died at
Elmwood, May, 1843, aged sixty-two years.
Garnettf Mtiscoe It, H, — He was born in Es-
sex County, Virginia ; was educated at the Univer-
sity of Virginia, and studied law as a profession ; he
was a member of the Constitutional Convention of the
State in 1850 ; a member of the House of Delegates in
1853, 1854, 1855, and 1856, and during the latter
session was Chairman of the Committee on Finance.
He was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress as a Repre-
sentative from Virginia, serving as a member of the
Committee on Claims, and also elected to the Thirty-
sixth Congress. He was a Delegate to the Democratic
Conventions at Baltimore and Cincinnati, in 1852 and
1856. Took part in the Rebellion.
Garnett, Mohert S. — He was a native of Essex
County, Virginia, and a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1817 to 1827.
Garusey, Daniel G, — He was born in Saratoga
County, New York, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that "State from 1825 to 1830.
Garrardf James, — Born in Stafford County,
Virginia, January 14, 1749 ; was an officer of the Rev-
olution ; afterward a member of the Legislature of
Virginia, where he was an advocate of the Religious
Freedom Bill, and was one of the first settlers of Ken-
tucky. In 1782 he settled near Paris, Bourbon Coun-
ty, and was often a member of the Kentucky Legisla-
ture. He was Governor of Kentucky from 1796 to
1804. Died at Mount Lebanon, Bourbon County, Jan-
uary 19, 1822. The hero of the battle of " Wild Cat,"
in 1802, was one of his sons.
Garrett, Abraham E, — He was born in Over-
ton, March 6, 1830 ; received his education in country
schools and at Poplar Spring College, Kentucky ;
studied law, but is a farmer ; served in the army dur-
ing the war ; was elected to the Legislature of Ten-
nessee in 1865, and to the State Senate in 1867, and
was elected to the Forty-second Congress as a Demo-
crat, serving on the Committee on Agriculture.
GarrisOTif Daniel, — He was born in Salem
County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from New Jersey from 1823 to 1827.
GarroWf Nathaniel, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829.
Gartlinf Alfred, — He was born in North Caro-
lina ; graduated at the University of that State ; and
was a Representative in Congress from North Caro-
lina from 1823 to 1825.
Gartrellf Lncius tT, — Born in Wilkes County,
Georgia, January 7, 1821 ; educated at Randolph Ma-
con College, Virginia, and Franklin College, Athens,
11
Georgia ; adopted the profession of law ; and in 1843
was elected, by the General Assembly of Georgia,
Solicitor-General of the Northern Judicial Circuit.
He resigned in 1847, on being elected a Representa-
tive to the Legislature, and was re-elected in 1849 ;
was a Presidential Elector for the State of Georgia in
1856 ; and in 1857 was elected a Representative in the
Thirty-fifth Congress from Georgia. He was one of
the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, and a
member of the Committee on Expenditures in the
Treasury Department ; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections.
Withdrew in 1861, and retired to Georgia.
Garvin f William S, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1845 to 1847.
Gaston, William, — Born in Newbern, North
Carolina, September 19, 1778. His early education
was conducted by his mother ; advanced at the Cath-
olic College of Georgetown, District of Columbia ;
and he graduated at Princeton College in 1796. He
studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1798. He
served a number of years in the State Legislature,
one term as Speaker ; and was a Representative in
Congress from North Carolina from 1813 to 1817. In
1834 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court,
and in 1835 was a member of the State Convention to
amend the Constitution. He continued on the bench
until the time of his death, which occurred January
23, 1844. He was an able and successful lawyer, and
an upright judge, had a taste for polite literature,
and is remembered in North Carolina as one of its
most distinguished citizens. He was a Presidential
Elector in 1808, and later in life received from Prince-
ton the degree of Doctor of Laws, and the same honor
from four other institutions of learning.
Gates, SetJi 3Ierrill, — He was born in Winfield,
Herkimer County, New York, October 16, 1800 ; was
self-educated ; studied law, and commenced practice
in 1827 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1832,
declining a re-election ; in 1838 he purchased and be-
came editor of the Le Roy Gazette; was elected a Rep-
resentative from New York to the Twenty-sixth
Congress, and was elected to the Twenty-seventh Con-
gress. In his paper and in Congress he advocated the
right of petition, and on account of his hostility to
slavery a reward of five hundred dollars was o:ffered
by a southern planter for his person. At the close of
the Twenty-seventh Congress he drew up a protest,
against the annexation of Texas, which was signed
by twenty-two Representatives — John Quincy Adams
heading the list of names. In 1848 he was the Free-
soil candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of New York;
and he has been a resident of the " Old Genesee"
District for fifty-eight years.
Ganse, Liicien Cotesworth, — Born at Laurel
Hill Place, Brunswick County, North Carolina, De-
cember 25, 1838 ; removed with his father to Lauder-
dale County, Tennessee, when quite young ; was edu-
cated at a county school until sixteen years of age, and
then at the University of Virginia ; studied law at
Cumberland University, Tennessee ; graduated there,
and removed to Jacksonport, Arkansas, to practice,
in 1859 ; enlisted in the infantry service of the Con-
federate Army in 1861 ; rose to the rank of Colonel,
and surrendered at Shreveport, Louisiana, May 26,
1865 ; returned to Jacksonport in July, and resumed
the practice of law ; in 1866 served one term in the
General Assembly, and was appointed one of the State
Commissioners to visit Washington, in support of the
existing State Government ; was elected a Represent-
ative in Congress in 1872 by the Democrats, but his
seat was contested by his competitor, and the case
was never determined. In 1874 he was elected to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
162
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Qayarre, Charles E. A, — Bom in Louisiana,
January 3, 1805 ; educated at the College of New-
Orleans ; in 1826 he went to Philadelphia and studied
law ; Vv'as admitted to the bar in 1829, and returned
home ; in 1830 he was elected to the Legislature ; in
1831 was appointed Deputy Attorney-General ; in 1833
Presiding Judge of the City Court of New Orleans ;
and in 1835 he was elected a Senator in Congress, but
ill health prevented him from taking his seat. He
went to Europe, where he spent a number of years,
and on his return, in 1843, was again returned to
the State Legislature ; and in 1846 he was appointed
Secretary of State, in which capacity he served seven
years. As an author he has acquired a high position,
his leading works being as follows: "History of
Louisiana," " Romance of the History of Louisiana,"
" Spanish Domination in Louisiana," a dramatic nov-
el called "The School of Politics," and a work on
" The Influence of the Mechanic Arts."
GaylCf John, — Born in Sumter District, South
Carolina, September 11, 1792 ; educated at South Car-
olina College ; and emigrated to Alabama in 1813. In
1817 he was appointed a member of the Territorial
Legislature ; was Solicitor of the First Judicial Dis-
trict on the organization of the State Government ; and
in 1823 was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of the
State; in 1829 was elected to the State Legislature, and
was Speaker of the House. In 1831 was elected Gov-
ernor, and re-elected in 1833. He was Presidential
Elector in 1836 and in 1840, and in 1847 was elected
from Mobile County a Representative in Congress. In
1849 he was appointed Judge of the United States
District Court of Alabama, and died near Mobile, July
21, 1859.
Gaylordf Augustus S.—Re was born in 1825 ;
a successful lawyer in Michigan for many years ;
from which he w^as appointed, in November, 1875, an
Assistant Attorney-General of the United States.
Gaylordf James M, — He was born in Ohio,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1851 to 1853.
Gazley, James W, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Ohio from 1823 to 1825.
Geary, John TT.— Born in Westmoreland Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, about 1820 ; taught school ; was a
merchant's clerk in Pittsburg ; afterwards studied at
Jefferson College and became a civil engineer, and
was several years connected wdth the Alleghany Por-
tage Railroad ; was Lieutenant-Colonel of Roberts'
Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers in the Mexican
War, and commanded his regiment at Chapultepec,
where he was wounded, but resumed his command
the same day at the attack on Belen Gate ; for meri-
torious conduct on that occasion, was made first Com-
mander of the city of Mexico after its capture, and
Colonel of his regiment. In 1849 he removed to Cali-
fornia and was Postmaster of San Francisco ; w^as
first Alcalde of that city and its first Mayor. In 1852
returned to his farm at Westmoreland County, Penn-
sylvania. From July, 1856, to March, 1857, was Gov-
ernor of Kansas. In 1861 returned to Pennsylvania
sand raised and equipped the Twenty-eighth Pennsyl-
.yaniaWolunteers; commanded in several engagements
in thai; year. Occupied Leesburg, Virginia, in March,
11862; w-as Brigadier-General of Volunteers in 1862;
was wounded in the arm at Cedar Mountain ; led the
iSecond Division of the Twelfth Corps at Fredericks-
rburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg in 1863 ; com-
manded the Second Division of the Twentieth Corps
in Sherman's Georgia and South Carolina campaigns ;
appointed Military Governor of Savannah on its csi^-
tuce^in 1864i;.and WAS ichosen Governor of Pennsyl-
vania in 1867. Died at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania,
February 8, 1873.
Gebhard, John, — He was born in Claverack,
New York, and was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1821 to 1823.
GeddeSf James, — Born near Carlisle, Pennsyl-
vania, July 22, 1763 ; obtained a limited education
while working upon a farm ; removing to New York,
he organized, in 1794, a company for the manufacture
of salt at Onondaga ; in 1800 was elected a magistrate;
in 1804 and in 1821 he was in the State Legislature ;
in 1809 an Associate County Justice ; in 1812 Judge
of the Common Pleas ; and he was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1813 to 1815. In
1822 he was appointed Chief Engineer of the Ohio
Canal ; and in 1827 assisted in locating the Chesapeake
and Ohio Canal, as well as the Pennsylvania Canal.
He died August 19, 1838.
GeddeSf John, — He was Governor of South Car-
olina from 1818 to 1820 ; Speaker of the South Caro-
lina House of Representatives. Died in Charleston,
South Carolina, March 5, 1828, aged about fifty-five
years.
Gentry J Meredith JP. — He was born in North
Carolina in 1811 ; studied law and settled in the prac-
tice of his profession in Tennessee ; was elected to
the Legislature of the State in 1835 and 1837 ; and
was a Representative in Congress from that State from
1839 to 1843, from 1845 to 1847, and from 1847 to 1853.
He took part in the Rebellion as a member of the
"Confederate Congress," and died November 3, 1866.
He was quite distinguished as an orator, and very
popular as a man.
German, Obadiah, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from New^ York from 1809 to 1815, and died
September 24, 1842.
Gerry, Elhridge, — Born at Marblehead, Massa-
chusetts, July, 1744, and graduated at Harvard Col-
lege in 1762. He devoted himself for several years to
commercial pursuits ; was a member of the Legisla-
ture in 1773, and was appointed on the Committee on
Correspondence. From 1776 to 1785 he was a Dele-
gate to the Continental Congress, and signed the Dec-
laration of Independence ; also the Articles of Con-
federation. While in Congress he was a member of
the Committee of Public Safety and Suj^plies, and
when the Committee were in session at Menotomy he,
with Colonel Orne, escaped from the British troops at
night by fleeing to a cornfield, while the house was
searched for them. He was a member of the Conven-
tion which framed the Constitution of the United
States, but declined subscribing to it. Was a Presi-
dential Elector in 1793. Was a Representative in the
Federal Congress from 1789 to 1793, and in 1797 he
was appointed Minister to France. In 1804 he was
one of the Presidential Electors, and was Governor of
Massachusetts in 1810 and 1811. In 1813 he was in-
augurated Vice-President of the United States, and
filled the oflSce until his death, which took place at
Washington, November 23, 1814.
Gerry, Elhridge, — Born in Waterford, Oxford
County, Maine, December 6, 1815 ; received a good
academical education ; studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1839 ; in 1840 was Clerk of the House of
Representatives of Maine ; in 1842 was appointed
State's Attorney for Oxford County, and re-elected by
the people during the following year ; in 1846 he was
elected to the State Legislature ; and he was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Maine from 1849 to 1851.
Of late years he has resided in Portland, engaged in
the practice of his profession. The signer of the Dec
1
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
163
laration of Independence, bearing the same name,
was Ms grandfather.
Gerry J tfames, — He was bom in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania
from 1839 to 1843.
Gert^aiSf John L, — He was a Delegate from
South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1782
to 1783.
GetZf J, Laivrence, — He was born in Read-
ing, Pennsylvania, September 14, 1831 ; his father
was an officer in the navy, and fought under Captain
Lawrence in 1812 ; he received an academical educa-
tion in Reading and in Nottingham, Maryland ; read
law, and came to the bar in 1846 ; and, having turned
his attention to the newspaper business, he was for
twenty years the editor of the Reading Gazette and
Democrat ; in 1856 he was elected to the State Legis-
lature ; re-elected in 1857 and made Speaker of the
House; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative
from Pennsylvania to the Fortieth Congress, serving
on the Committees on Mileage, Soldiers' and Sailors'
Bounties, and Public Expenditures. Re-elected to
the two subsequent Congresses, serving on important
Committees.
GeyeVf Henry S, — He was born in Frederick
County, Maryland, in 1798, and early in life removed
to Missouri., He saw some service in the War of 1812,
and was Captain of the first Militia company formed
in the State of his adoption. He adopted the profes-
sion of law, and became eminent as a practitioner.
He took an active part in politics, and was a member
of the Convention which formed a State Constitution,
and he was an active member of the first two sessions
of the State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker dur-
ing his second term. He succeeded Mr. Benton in the
United States Senate, where he served from 1851 to
1857 ; and while in Washington officiated as Attorney
in the Dred Scott case. He was a man of ability, of
pleasing manners, and of high character. He died at
St. Louis, March 5, 1859.
Gholsorif tT antes H, — He was born in Virginia;
graduated at Princeton College in 1820 ; and was a
Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1833
to 1835; and died at Brunswick, Virginia, July 2,
1848, aged fifty years.
Gholson, S, tf, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Mississippi from 1837 to 1838 ; and subse-
quently appointed United States Judge for the Dis-
trict of Mississippi.
Gholsonf Thomas, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Virginia from 1808 to 1816.
Gibbons^ Thomas, — He was a citizen of Geor-
gia, and in 1801 he was appointed District Judge of
the United States Court for the State of Georgia.
Gibbons, William, — He was a Delegate from
Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1784 to
1786.
GibbSf A, C, — He was Governor of Oregon from
1862 to 1866.
GibbSf Hichard, — He was a citizen of New
York. In April, 1875, he was appointed Minister
Plenipotentiary to Peru.
GibbSf William Channing, — He was Gov-
ernor of Rhode Island from 1821 to 1824. Died in
Newport, Rhode Island, February 21, 1871, aged
eighty-four years.
Gibson, iTam.es King. — He was born in Ab-
ington, Virginia, February 18, 1812 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; went to Alabama in 1833, and
engaged in mercantile pursuits ; returned to Virginia
and was Deputy SherifE of Washington County in
1834 and 1835 ; was a merchant in Abington from 1835
to 1840 ; Postmaster at Abington from 1838 until
1849 ; was teller in the Exchange Bank of Virginia
at Abington in 1849, and Notary Public ; after the war
he became a farmer ; and was elected to the Forty-
first Congress, serving on several Committees.
Gibson, tfohn, — Born in Lancaster, Pennsylva-
nia, May 23, 1740; received a classical education;
was an Indian trader at Fort Du Quesne, where he
was captured by the Indians and his life saved by be-
coming the adopted son of a squaw ; in 1774 he ren-
dered good service in the Dunmore Expedition against
the Shawnees, making peace and restoring many pris-
oners ; served with credit in the Revolutionary Army
in New York, New Jersey, and on the frontiers ; in
1788 he was a member of the Pennsylvania Constitu-
tional Convention ; long a Judge of the Court of Com-
mon Pleas, and a General of Militia ; in 1800 he was
appointed Secretary of Indiana, remaining as such un-
til it became a State ; and was Acting Governor of
Indiana from 1811 to 1813. Died near Vincennes,
April 10, 1822. Had a brother, George, who also dis-
tinguished himself as a soldier in the Revolution,
Gibson, tTohn Bannister, — Born in Carlisle,
Pennsylvania, November 8, 1780 ; graduated at Dick-
inson College in 1800 ; studied law, and was admitted
to the bar of Cumberland County in 1803 ; practiced
in Carlisle and Beaver, Pennsylvania, and in Hagers-
town, Maryland ; was a member of the Legislature in
1810 and 1811 ; and appointed Judge of the Eleventh
District in 1813 ; was promoted to the Supreme Court
in 1816 ; and was Chief Justice from 1827 to 1851,
when the amendment to the Constitution made the
office elective, and he was elected by a large major-
ity. Died at Philadelphia, May 3, 1853.
Gibson, Handall Lee, — Born in Springfield,
Kentucky, September 10, 1832 ; began his education
at Lexington with a private tutor, and graduated at
Yale College in 1853, and in the Law Department of
the University of Louisiana in 1855 ; spent three
years in study and travel in Europe ; was settled as a
planter in Louisiana when the civil war began, and he
entered the Confederate Army as a private soldier,
and rose to the command of a brigade and division.
After the war he began the practice of law in New
Orleans ; was elected a Representative from Louis-
iana to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Giddings, J>e Witt C— He was born in Sus-
quehanna County, Pennsylvania, July 18, 1827 ; re-
ceived an academic education ; studied law at Hones-
dale, removing to Texas ; and admitted to the bar in
1852, and practiced ; entered the Confederate service
and served until the close of the war ; was a member
of the State Constitutional Convention of 1866, and
elected to the Forty-second Congress, and re-elected
to the Forty-third, serving on the Committees on
Land Claims and Indian Affairs.
GiddingSf Joshua ^.— Bom at Athens, Brad-
ford County, Pennsylvania, October 6, 1795; was a law-
yer by profession ; practiced in Ohio ; was elected to
the Ohio Legislature in 1826 ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Ohio from 1838 to 1859. He
was for many years recognized as one of the leaders
of the Anti-slavery party, and was the author of a
book on Florida, and also of a "History of the Great
Rebellion." In 1861 he was appointed by President
Lincoln Consul-General of British North America;
and died at Montreal, suddenly. May 27, 1864.
164
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
GiddingSf Marsh, — He was appointed Gov-
ernor of New Mexico in 1871 ; held the office four
years, and died in June, 1875.
Gilbert f Abijah, — Born in Gilbertsville, Otsego
County, New York, June 18, 1806, the eldest of
eighteen children ; was a student at Hamilton Col-
lege, but ill-health prevented him from graduating ;
engaged in mercantile pursuits in New York and
elsewhere ; removed to Florida for the health of his
family,* and was elected a Senator in Congress from
that State, for the term commencing in 1869 and end-
ing in 1875, serving on the Committees on Agricul-
ture and Post OflSces and Post Roads.
Gilhertf Edivard, — He was a Representative in
Congress from California from 1850 to 1851.
Gilbert f Ezehiel* — He was bom in 1755, in Mid-
dletown, Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in
1778 ; and was a member of Congress from New
York from 1793 to 1797. He suffered for thirty
years from a stroke of paralysis, and died at Hudson,
New York, in July, 1843.
Gilbert, Sylvester, — Born in 1756, at Hebron,
Connecticut ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1775 ;
studied law, and was admitted to practice, in 1777, at
Hebron. In 1780 he was a member of the General
Assembly, being the youngest member in the House.
In 1788 he was appointed State's Attorney for Tolland
County, and filled that office twenty-one years. In
1807 he was appointed Chief Judge of the County
Court and Judge of Probate, which offices he held un-
til 1835, with the exception of his term as Represent-
ative in Congress from Connecticut in 1818 and 1819 ;
in 1810 he was a teacher of a law school, which he
continued about seven years, during which time fifty-
six students were prepared for the bar under his
tuition. In 1826 he was again elected to the Legisla-
ture, and was then the oldest member in the House,
to which body he had, from the year 1780, been re-
elected thirty times. He died in January, 1846.
Gilbert, Williani A, — He was born in Connecti-
cut, and, removing to New York, was elected a Rep-
resentative from that State to the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress.
Gilchrist, John James, — Born at Medford,
Massachusetts, February 16, 1809 ; graduated at Har-
vard University in 1828, and settled as a lawyer in
Charlestown, New Hampshire ; was a member of the
Legislature ; Register of Probate ; Associate Judge in
1840 ; Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1848 ;
and of the United States Court of Claims in 1855.
He published a ''Digest of New Hampshire Re-
ports." Died in Washington, April 29, 1858.
Gilchrist, Robert S, — He was a native of South
Carolina, resided in Charleston, and about 1841 was
appointed United States Judge for the District of
South Carolina, and for a time held the same posi-
tion in Georgia.
Giles, John, — Born in Rowan County, North
Carolina, about the year 1788 ; graduated at Chapel
Hill University in 1808 ; was a lawyer by profession,
and engaged in the practice for more than thirty
years. In 1839 he was elected a member of the
House of Representatives in Congress from North
Carolina, but resigned before taking his seat, on ac-
count of ill-health. In 1835 he was a member of the
Convention which met to revise the State Constitu-
tion. He died March 3, 1846, in Stanley County,
North Carolina, where his professional duties re-
quired his attendance before the Circuit Court.
Giles, William Sranch, — Born in Amelia
County, Virginia, August 13, 1763 ; graduated at
Princeton in 1781 ; studied law, but abandoned the
profession after practicing about six years. In 1801
and 1805 he was a Presidential Elector. From 1836
to 1839 he was Governor of his native State ; was a
Representative in Congress from 1790 to 1798, and
again from 1801 to 1803 ; and United States Senator
from 1804 to 1816 ; and was subsequently a member
of the Legislature. A few months after his first ap-
pointment to the Senate he was superseded by A.
Moore, but immediately re-appointed for the longer
term. He published a Speech on the Embargo Laws
in 1808, and, in 1813, Political Letters to the People
of Virginia, and subsequently an invective letter
against President Monroe, and others, of a political
character, to John Marshall and John Quincy Adams.
He died in Albemarle County, Virginia, December 4,
1830.
Giles, Williain Fell, — He was born in Harford
County, Maryland, April 8, 1807, his ancestors hav-
ing been among the early emigrants to the State ; re-
ceived an academical education in Baltimore and his
native place ; studied law in Baltimore, and came to
the bar in 1839 ; was elected to the State Legislature
in 1837 and 1839 ; in 1845 he was elected to Congress,
but declined a re-nomination ; and in 1853, while en-
gaged in practicing his profession, was appointed
United States District Judge for the District of Mary-
land, which position he still holds.
Gil/ill an, C, W, — Was born in Pennsylvania,
and having studied law was admitted to the bar of
that State ; in 1857 he was elected Superintendent
of Public Instruction for Mercer County, holding the
office two years ; in 1859 he was Transcribing Clerk
in the State House of Representatives ; in 1861 he
was appointed District Attorney for Venango County ;
in 1863 he was elected to the same position, and held
the office for three years ; and in 1868 he was elected
a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-
first Congress, serving on the Committees on the Dis-
trict of Columbia and Revolutionary Pensions.
Gill, Moses, — He was elected Lieutenant-Gover-
nor of Massachusetts in 1797 ; and was acting Gov-
ernor of the State from 1799 to 1800, in the place of
Increase Sumner.
Gillespie, Jatnes, — He was a member of the
Provincial Congress of North Carolina, and a Repre-
sentative in the United States Congress from that
State from 1793 to 1799, and from 1803 to 1805. Died
January 10, 1805.
Gillet, Ransom IT, — Was born in New Leba-
non, Columbia County, New York, January 37, 1800.
His early employment was farming on his father's
farm, in Saratoga County, in the summer, and lum-
bering in the pine forest during the winter. In 1819
he removed to St. Lawrence County, where he was
employed to teach school during the winter, while he
attended the St. Lawrence Academy during the sum-
mer. In 1831 he engaged in the study of law with
Silas Wright, at Canton, still continuing to teach for
his support. He was admitted to the bar, and set-
tled in Ogdensburg, where he continued, devoted to
his profession, for about twenty years. In 1837 he
was appointed Brigade Major and Inspector of Mili-
tia ; February 37, 1830, he was appointed Postmaster
of Ogdensburg, which office he fi lied three years ; in
1833 he was a member of the Baltimore Convention
which nominated General Jackson for President ;
was elected the same year a Representative in Con-
gress ; re-elected in 1834, and served as a member
of the Committee on Commerce ; in 1837 he was ap-
pointed by President Van Buren a Commissioner to
I
i
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
165
treat witli the Indian tribes in New York, and con-
tinued in that service until 1839 ; in 1840 he was a
member of the Baltimore Convention which re -nom-
inated Mr. Van Buren ; he then engaged in practi-
cing law, and continued to do so until 1845, when
President Polk appointed him Register of the Treas-
ury, in which office he served until 1847, when he
was aj)pointed Solicitor of the Treasury, in which
place he continued to serve until the autumn of 1849 ;
he then resumed the practice of law in New York ;
in 1855 he became Assistant to the Attorney-General
of the United States, and continued in that office
until he resigned, in 1858, and President Buchanan
appointed him Solicitor of the Court of Claims, which
he held until 1861. Subsequently devoted himself
to literary labors, and published one or two books
connected with public men.
Gillette^ Francis. — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from Connecticut, during the session of 1854
and 1855, for the unexpired term of Truman Smith,
resigned.
GilliSf tfaines L, — Born at Hebron, Washington
County, New York, October 2, 1792. He received a
common-school education ; served an apprenticeship
to the currying and tanner's trade ; during the cam-
paigns of 1812 and 1813, served as a volunteer from
New York ; in 1814 he was commissioned a Lieuten-
ant by the Governor of New York, and having been
taken prisoner by the British, was transported to
Halifax, where he remained until the close of the
war; he subsequently returned to Ontario County, and
established himself as a farmer ; in 1823 he removed
to Pennsylvania ; in 1840 was elected to the Legisla-
ture of that State ; in 1842 was appointed one of the
Judges of Jefferson County ; elected to the State
Senate in 1845 ; re-elected to the Lower House in
1851 ; and elected a Representative from Pennsylva-
nia in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on Agriculture.
GillisSf tTames Melvin, — Born in the District
of Columbia in 1810 ; was appointed Midshipman in
1827 ; became Captain in 1862. In 1838 he organized
the first working observatory in the United States,
and in 1843 published the first volume of " American
Astronomical Observations." In September, 1842, he
began the construction of the Naval Observatory at
Washington, and finished in 1845. Was the author
of " The United States Astronomical Expedition to
the Southern Hemisphere from 1849 to 1852," two
volumes, 4to, 1855. He visited Peru in 1858, and
Washington Territory in 1860 ; in 1861 he was placed
in charge of the National Observatory. Shortly be-
fore his death he made a report on the parallax of
the planet Mars. He made valuable improvements
in the instruments of astronomical science. He
died in Washington, February 9, 1865.
Glllofif Aledcander, — He was a Representative
in Congress from South Carolina from 1793 to 1794,
having died during the latter year.
Gilynan, Charles J, — He was born in New
Hampshire ; served in the Legislature of that State
in 1854 ; and, having removed to Maine, was elected
a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from
that State, and was a member of the Committee on
Private Land Claims.
Gilman, John Taylor, — Born in Exeter, New
Hampshire, December 19, 1753, and died Sep-
tember 1, 1828. He was a volunteer in the Revolu-
tionary army ; a Delegate from New Hampshire, in
1780, to the Hartford Convention ; a Delegate to the
Continental Congress in 1782 and 1783, in the latter
year succeeding his father as Treasurer of New
Hampshire. This office he resigned to become a
Commissioner to settle certain accounts for the States,
but was re-elected in 1791. He was Governor of New
Hampshire from 1794 to 1805, and again from 1813
to 1815, when he declined a re-election. Son of
Nicholas Oilman.
Gilman, Joseph, — He was appointed in 1796 a
Territorial Judge of the United States Court for the
Territory North-west of the Ohio River.
Gilman, Nicholas, — He was a Delegate from
New Hampshire to the Continental Congress from
1786 to 1788 ; a member of the Convention that
framed the Constitution, and signed that instrument ;
after the adoption of the Constitution was elected a
Representative in Congress from 1789 to 1797 ; and
was a Senator in Congress from New Hampshire from
1805 to 1814. He died at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
May 2, 1814, aged fifty-two years.
Gilfner^ George R, — He was born in Wilkes
County (now Oglethorpe), Georgia, April 11, 1790.
He received an academical education, but did not
enter college on account of ill-health. He studied
law, and settled in Lexington, Oglethorpe County,
Georgia. In 1818, as First Lieutenant of the Forty-
third Regiment, United States Army, he participated
in the Creek War, and in 1818 entered upon the prac-
tice of his profession. He was elected to the State
Legislature in 1818, 1819, and 1824 ; was Governor of
the State for the terms commencing in 1829 and
1837, and during the latter term removed the Chero-
kee Indians from Georgia. He was President of the
Board of Presidential Electors in 1836 ; and was a
Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1821
to 1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from 1833 to 1835.
He was also a Presidential Elector in 1836 and 1840,
and for thirty years performed the duties of Trustee
of the Georgia College. He was the author of
a book, published in 1855, entitled " Georgians,"
which contains much useful and interesting informa-
tion touching the early settlement of his native State.
Died at Lexington, Georgia, November 15, 1859.
Gihner, John A. — Born in Guilford County,
North Carolina, November 4, 1805 ; acquired a good
English education at winter schools, working on a
farm and in the shop during the summers ; then
taught a school, and thus obtained the means to
enter the academy at Greensborough for three years,
and became a good linguist and mathematician, and
taught for three years in a grammar school ; after-
wards studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1832. Was a member of the State Senate from 1846
to 1856, and was elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Elections. In 1856 he was the Whig
candidate for Governor of North Carolina, but was
defeated. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, and made Chairman of the Committee on Elec-
tions ; withdrew in 1861. He was a Delegate to the
Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866.
Died in Greensborough, May 14, 1868.
Gilmer, Thomas TF.— He was a native of Vir-
ginia ; received a limited education ; studied law,
and while practicing the profession edited a news-
paper ; served frequently in the Legislature, and was
Speaker of the House ; and he held many positions
of high character, having been Governor of the State
in 1840, and was a Representative in Congress from
1841 to 1843 from Virginia. He was Secretary of the
Navy under President Tyler. He was killed by the
accident on board the United States steamer Prince-
ton, February 28, 1844.
Gilmore, Alfred,— B^e was born in PennsyL
166
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
tliat State from 1849 to 1853.
Gilmoref JoJui, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1829 to 1833. Died
May 18, 1845.
GihuorCf Joseph Atherton, — Born in Weston,
Vermont, June 10, 1811 ; was brought up on a farm ;
went to Boston at tlie age of fifteen and entered a
store ; became interested in Railroad and mining,
and acquired a large fortune. Returned to New
Hampshire in 1843 ; was Superintendent of the Man-
chester and Lawrence Railroad, from 1853 to 1856 ;
and also of the Concord and other connecting lines
until 1866 ; was State Senator in 1858 and 1859 ;
President of that body in 1859 ; and Governor of New
Hampshire from 1863 to 1865. Died in Concord, New
Hampshire, April 17, 1867.
Crlluioi'ef S. A. — He was born in Pennsylvania
in 1806 ; a lawyer by profession ; and from 1848 until
his death he was President Judge of the Fourth
Judicial District of Pennsylvania. Died at Union-
town, May 15, 1873.
Gilpin^ Henri/ D. — Born in Philadelphia in
1801 ; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in
1819 ; studied law, and began to practice in Philadel-
phia in 1823 ; was United States Attorney for his
State in 1832 ; Solicitor of the United States Treas-
ury in 1837 ; and United States Attorney-General in
1840 and 1841. He published a volume of Reports of
cases in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania in 1837 ;
and "Opinions of the Attorney Generals" in 1840.
From 1826 to 1832 edited the Atlantic Soumnir ; was
President of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,
and Vice-President of the Historical Society ; wrote
several of the Biographies of the Signers of the
Declaration of Independence, and other biographies
and discourses, and supervised " The Madison papers "
when published by Congress. Died in Philadelphia,
December 29, 1869.
Gistf Joseph.— Bom in Union District, South
Carolina, in 1775 ; educated at the Charleston College ;
studied law, and admitted to the bar in 1799 ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1809 ; served in the Legisla-
ture of his native State for eighteen years ; was a
Representative in Congress from South Carolina from
1821 to 1827 ; served as a Trustee of the State Col-
lege ; and died May 8, 1835.
Gistf William H, — Born in South Carolina, and
was Governor of that State from 1858 to 1860.
Glascockf Thomas, — He was a soldier and
statesman of Georgia ; served at the siege of Savan-
nah, under Count Pulaski, as Lieutenant, and exhib-
ited great skill and bravery ; he was appointed Colo-
nel of the troops ordered out by the Legislature, in
defense of the State against 'the Indians, on the
western frontier ; and was afterwards elected Gen-
eral of Militia. He was a Representative in Congress
from Georgia from 1836 to 1839, and highly respected
for his talents and character. He died at Decatur,
Georgia, May 9, 1841.
GlasgoiVf Hugh, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1817.
Gleason, Williaiu E,—He was born in Mary-
land and emigrated to Dakota, where he was ap-
pointed United States Judge for that Territory, resid-
ing at Yankton.
Glen, John, — He was a native of Maryland ;
liberally educated, and adopted the profession of law ;
and was for many years a Judge of the United States
District Court of Maryland. Died in Baltimore, July
8, 1853.
Glenn f Elias, — He was bom in Maryland, and
was appointed Judge of the United States Court for
that State.
Glemif Henry. — He took an active part in the
Revolutionary War, and was a Representative from
New York in Congress from 1793 to 1801. He died
at Schenectady in 1814, aged seventy-three years.
Gloninger, John, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative from that State in
the Twelfth Congress ; but resigned before the ex-
piration of his term, and E. Crouch was elected in his
place.
Glosshrenner , Adam J, — Born in Hagerstown,
Maryland, August 31, 1810 ; apprenticed at an early
age to the printing business, which was his school ;
when seventeen years of age he traveled in the West,
and became foreman in the office of the Oliio Monitor,
and afterwards of the Western Telegraph ; in 1829 he re-
turned to Maryland and then to Pennsylvania, and set-
tled at York, where he published the York Gazette, and
there held various offices of trust and responsibility.
In 1849 he was elected Sergeant-at-Arms of the
national House of Representatives for the Thirty-first
Congress, and was re-elected to the same office by the
four following Congresses ; in 1861 he was Private
Secretary to President Buchanan ; in 1863 he became
one of the founders of the Philadelphia Age ; and in
1864 he was elected a Representative from Pennsyl-
vania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Public Lands and Engrossed Bills.
He was also re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Expenditures in the Navy
Department and Executive Mansion.
Glover, John Montgomery, — He was born in
Mercer County, Kentucky, September 4, 1824; re-
ceived a collegiate education, but left college be-
fore graduating ; studied law, and admitted to the
bar, but practiced only a short time ; was appointed
a Colonel of Cavalry ; commissioned Colonel of the
Third Missouri Volunteer Cavalry in 1861 ; resigned
in 1864, on account of impaired health ; was ap-
pointed, in 1866, Collector of Internal Revenue for
the Third District of Missouri, and was elected to
the Forty -third Congress, serving on the Committee
on Education and Labor.
Goddard, Calvin, — Born in Shrewsbury, Mas-
sachusetts, July 17, 1768 ; and graduated at Dart-
mouth in 1786. He was admitted to the bar in Nor-
wich, Connecticut, in 1790, and settled in Plainfield,
from which place he was elected a Representative in
the Legislature for nine sessions, during three of
which he was Speaker of the House. He removed to
Norwich in 1807. From 1801 to 1805 he was a
Representative in Congress ; and from 1808 to 1815 he
was a member of the State Council ; in 1813 a Presi-
dential Elector ; in 1814 a Delegate to the Hartford
Convention ; and from 1815 to 1818 Judge of the
Superior Court. He was State's Attorney for the
County of New London for five years, and Mayor of
Norwich for seventeen years. He died at Norwich,
May 2, 1842.
Goforthf John, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and in 1873 was appointed an Attorney-General of
the United States.
GoggiUf William L, — Born in Bedford County,
Virginia, May 31, 1807 ; received an academic educa-
tion ; studied law in Winchester, and was admitted
I
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
16?
to the bar in 1828, and practiced in several of the
Circuit and District Courts of the State. In 183G he
was a member of the Legislature, and in 1837 de-
clined a re-election. In 1839 he was elected a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Virginia, and was re-
elected in 1841, 1843, and 1847, being Chairman of
the Committee on Post OflBces and Post Roads during
his last term. He was afterwards appointed one of
the Visitors to West Point, under the administration
of President Fillmore ; and since that time he has
pursued his profession, in connection with agricul-
tural pursuits. In 1859 he was nominated as the
Whig candidate for Governor of Virginia. Died in
Richmond, January 5, 1870.
Gold, Thomas JR, — He was a native of New
York ; graduated at Yale College in 1786 ; was a
member of the State Senate from 1797 to 1802 ; a
member of the Assembly in 1808 ; and a Represent-
ative in Congress from New York from 1809 to 1813,
and again from 1815 to 1817. He died in 1826.
Goldshoroiighf Jirice J, — Born in Maryland,
in 1803 ; adopted the profession of law ; entered the
State Legislature in 1824, serving two terms ; from
1826 until 1851, he was an Associate District Judge ;
and in 1861 he was appointed and also elected to a
seat on the Bench of the Court of Appeals. Died
near Cambridge, Maryland, July 23, 1867.
Goldshorough, Charles W, — He was Gover-
nor of the State of Maryland, and a Representative
in Congress from 1805 to 1817. He died at Shoal
Creek, Maryland, December 13, 1834.
Goldsboroiigh, IRohert, — He was a Delegate
from Maryland to the Continental Congress from
1774 to 1775. At the time the Declaration of In-
dependence was signed, he was at home on a sick-
bed, and soon afterwards died, at his residence in
Maryland. He was by profession a physician.
Goldthwaite, George* — Was bom in Boston,
Massachusetts, December 10, 1809 ; received a good
education ; removed to Alabama ; studied law, and
admitted to the bar in 1826 ; was on the Bench of the
Circuit Court, and afterward of the Supreme Court, of
which he was Chief Justice for some years ; was Adju-
tant-General of Alabama during the war ; and elected
to the United States Senate in 1870 -for the term end-
ing in 1877. When elected, his residence was Mont-
gomery, Alabama ; served on the Committee on Claims
and Revolutionary Claims.
Golladay, Edward I, — He was born in Leba-
non, Tennessee, September 9, 1831 ; graduated at Cum-
berland University ; taught school ; studied law, and
admitted to the bar in 1852 ; was elected to the State
Legislature in 1857 ; was elected a Presidential Elec-
tor in 1860 ; served in the Confederate Army as
Colonel, and participated in several important engage-
ments ; and was elected to the Forty-second Congress,
serving on the Committee on Patents.
Golladay, Jacob S. — Was a native of Ken-
tucky ; was a member of the Legislature of that
State from Logan County in 1850, 1851, and 1853 ;
and a State Senator from 1853 to 1855 ; in 1867 was
elected a Representative in Congress, to fill the va-
cancy caused by the death of Judge Hise ; and held the
position till 1870, when he resigned. He was also re-
elected to the Forty-first Congress to fill a vacancy.
Goochf Daniel W, — Born in Wells, State of
Maine, in January, 1820. He graduated at Dart-
mouth in 1843 ; studied law, and came to the bar in
1846 ; commenced the practice of his profession in
Boston ; was elected in 1852 to the Legislature of
Massachusetts ; in 1858 to the Constitutional Conven-
tion of the State; and subsequently a Representative
in the Thirty-fifth Congress from Massachusetts, for
an unexpired term. He was also elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Territories ; re-elected to the Thirty-
seventh Congress, serving on the Special Committee
on the Conduct of the War ; and was re-elected to
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tees on Private Land Claims and Foreign Affairs.
Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but in 1865
was appointed by President Johnson Navy Agent for
the port of Boston. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. Re-
elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the
Committee on Naval Affairs.
Goode, John, Jr. — Born in Bedford County,
Virginia, May 27, 1829 ; was a student at the New
London Academy ; graduated at Emory and Henry
College in 1848 ; studied law, and admitted to the
bar in 1851 ; was elected a member of the Legisla-
ture of Virginia in 1851, and again in 1866 ; was a
member of the Virginia Convention which adopted
the Ordinance of Secession in 1861 ; was elected to the
Confederate Congress in 1861, and re-elected in 1863,
and served in that position until the close of the war ;
was a member of the Electoral College in 1852, and
again in 1856 ; was a Delegate to the National Demo-
cratic Convention in 1868, and was appointed by that
body a member of their Executive Committee, and
re-appointed at Baltimore in 1872 ; and elected a
Representative from Virginia to the Forty-fourth
Congress.
Goode, Patrick G, — He was born in Virginia,
and was elected a Representative in Congress from
Ohio from 1837 to 1843.
Goode, Samuel, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1799 to 1801.
Goode, William O. — He was born at Ingle-
wood, Mecklenburg County, Virginia, September 16,
1798 ; was educated at the College of William and
Mary ; studied law, and commenced the practice in
1821 ; he was, early in life, elected for several terms
a member of the State Legislature. He was a mem-
ber in 1829 of the State Reform Convention of Vir-
ginia ; in 1832 he was again elected to the State
Legislature, and took an active part in tJie debates
on slavery of that year ; he was re-elected to the
Legislature in 1838 ; and he was first elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Virginia in 1841, serving
until 1843. He was subsequently again elected to
the Legislature, and was Speaker of the House of
Delegates for several sessions ; he was also a mem-
ber of the State Reform Convention of 1850, and was
chosen Chairman of the Legislative Committee ; and
he was a member of the House of Delegates, called
to put the New Constitution into operation, and
Chairman of the Committee on Finance. In 1853 he
was again elected a Representative in Congress from
Virgfinia, and was regularly re-elected until the
Thirty-fifth Congress, in which he served as Chair-
man of the Committee on the District of Columbia.
Died near Boydtown, Virginia, July 3, 1859.
GoodenoWf John iHT.— He was a Representative
in Congress from Ohio from 1829 to 1831. Died in
1888, aged fifty-six years.
GoodenoWf Itobert,—He was bom in Farming-
ton, New Hampshire, in 1800 ; admitted to the bar in
1821 ; was County Attorney from 1828 to 1884, and in
1841 ; and having taking up his residence in Maine,
was a Representative in Congress from that State
168
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
from 1851 to 1853. In 1857 lie was appointed Bank
Commissioner for the State.
CrOodenoiVf Unfits K, — Bom in Henniker, New
HampsMre, April 24, 1790, but removed with his
father to Brownfield, Maine, where he was educated
in a country school. He was a farmer, and for many
years a common sailor. He entered the army in 1812
as Captain in the Thirty-third Regiment of United
States Infantry, and served in that capacity until
1815. Upon the organization of a State Government
he was appointed Clerk of the Courts for Oxford
County, and removed to Paris, and held this office six-
teen years. He was a member of the Maine Legisla-
ture ; a Presidential Elector in 1840 ; and represented
his District in the Thirty-first Congress. Died at
Paris, March 24, 1863.
€rOod7iU€f JBenJamin, — Born at Salem, Mas-
sachusetts, October 1, 1748 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1766 ; and received literary honors from
Yale College in 1804. Early in life he engaged in
commercial pursuits. He was a Whig during the
Revolution ; represented his native county in the State
Senate from 1784 to 1789, when he was elected a Rep-
resentative to Congress under the new Constitution,
and, assisted by Mr. Fitzsimmons, of Philadelphia,
formed our code of revenue laws, the majority of
which have never been abrogated. In 1796 he was
elected a Senator of the United States, and became
distinguished as Chairman of the Committee on
Commerce ; but in 1800 he resigned his seat and
retired from public life. He died at Salem, July 28,
1814.
Goodin, John J?.— Born in Tiffin, Ohio, 1836 ;
received a common-school education ; was an early
emigrant to Kansas, and was elected to the State
Legislature in 1867 ; paid some attention to law, and
was a District Judge ; and elected a Representative
from Kansas to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Goodrich, Aaron, — He was a native of Ten-
nessee ; received a good education, and adopted the
profession of law ; and in 1849 he was appointed
Chief Justice of the United States District Court for
the Territory of Minnesota, and was the first Judge
appointed for that District.
Goodrich^ Chattncetj, — Born at Durham, Con-
necticut, October 20, 1759 ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1776, with a high reputation for genius and
acquirements. After spending several years as tutor
in that institution, he established himself as a lawyer
at Hartford in 1781, and soon attained to eminence in
the profession. He was a Representative in the
Legislature in 1793, and a Representative in Congress
from 1795 to 1801. From 1802 to 1807 was a Coun-
cillor of the State ; and he was elected United States
Senator from 1807 to 1813. He received the office of
Mayor of Hartford in 1812, and resigned his seat in
Congress. He was elected Lieutenant-Governor of
the State in 1813, and was also a Delegate to the
Hartford Convention in 1814. He died at Hartford,
August 18, 1815.
Goodrich f Ellzur, — He was one of the very
few survivors among the men who figured in public
life under the Administrations of Washington and the
elder Adams. He belonged to the Washington school
of Federalists, and his removal from the office of Col-
lector of Customs, at New Haven, immediately on the
accession of Jefferson to the Presidency, gave occa-
sion to the famous letter, in which Jefferson avowed
his principle of removal for political opinions. Be-
sides being honored with various offices of trust and
responsibility, he was for some time Professor of Law
in Yale College, and for many years the efficient
Mayor of New Haven. He was twice elected to the
State Legislature, and was a Judge of the County and
Probate Courts for fifteen years, and was a Presiden-
tial Elector in 1797. He was a Representative in
Congress from Connecticut from 1799 to 1801. Died
in New Haven, November 1, 1849.
Goodrich, John Z, — He was born in Sheffield,
Massachusetts, September 27, 1801 ; adopted the pro-
fession of law, but turned his attention to manufac-
turing ; served in the State Legislature in 1848 and
1849 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1841 ; and was a
Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1855, from
his native State. In 1861 he was appointed by Presi-
dent Lincoln Collector of Boston, and was a Delegate
to the "Peace Congress" of 1861.
Goodrich, 3Iilo, — He was born in Homer, New
York, Janiiary 3, 1820 ; received an academic educa-
tion ; studied law ; was a member of the State Con-
stitutional Convention in 1867 ; and elected to the
Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on
the Judiciary.
Goodtvin, Daniel. — He was one of the early
emigrants, to the Territory of Michigan, where he
settled himself in the practice of the legal profession.
He was for many years the United States District At-
torney for Michigan ; subsequently appointed a Dis-
trict Judge ; served repeatedly in the State Legisla-
ture ; was President of the Constitutional Convention
of 1850 ; appeared for the People in the great trial of
1851, known as the Railroad Conspiracy Case ; and
was subsequently Judge of the Circuit Court for the
Northern Peninsula of Michigan.
Goodtvin, Henry C. — Born in De Ruyter,
Madison County, New York, June 25, 1824 ; received
an academic education, and studied law, having been
admitted to the bar in 1846. In 1847 he was elected
District Attorney of Madison County, and held the
office three years. He was a Representative from
New York to the second session of the Thirty-third
Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, serv-
ing as a member of the Committee on Claims. Died
at Hamilton, Madison County, New York, November
12, 1860.
Goodivin, Ichahod, — He was born in South
Berwick, Massachusetts Province, May 25, 1743 ; he
accompanied his father, who was wounded, in 1758,
to Ticonderoga ; was a member of the Provincial Con-
gress in 1775 and 1777 ; was Lieutenant-Colonel of
Gerrish's York County Regiment, having charge of
the Saratoga prisoners ; was Major-General of Militia
from 1783 to 1815 ; member of the General Court in
1792 ; and Sheriff of York County, Maine, from 1793
to 1820. Died in South Berwick, May 25, 1829.
Goodwin, Ichahod, — Nephew of the above ;
was Governor of New Hampshire from 1860 to 1861.
Goodivin, John N, — Was born in South Ber-
wick, Maine ; graduated at Dartmouth College in
1844 ; studied law, and commenced practice in South
Berwick ; was elected in 1854 to the Senate of Maine;
and in 1860 a Representative from Maine to the Thir-
ty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on
the Militia and Invalid Pensions. He was subse-
quently appointed by President Lincoln Chief Justice
of the Territory of Arizona, and also Governor ; and
he was elected a Delegate from Arizona to the Thirty-
ninth Congress.
Goodwin, Peterson, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Virginia from 1803 to 1818. Died in
November of that year.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
169
Goodyear f Charles, — Born in Cobleskill, Scho-
harie County, New York, April 26, 1805 ; graduated
at Union College in 1824 ; studied law, and came to
the bar in 1827 ; was a member of the State Assembly
in 1839 ; in 1841 was appointed First Judge of Scho-
harie County ; was a Representative from New York
in the Twenty-ninth Congress ; discontinued the prac-
tice of his profession in 1852, and turned his attention
to the business of private banking in Schoharie and
the city of New York ; and in 1864 he was elected a
Representative from New York for a second term to
the Thirty-ninth Congress. During his first term in
Congress he served on the Committee on Invalid Pen-
sions, and during the Thirty-ninth Congress on the
Committees on Private Land Claims, Revolutionary
Pensions, and on a Bureau of Education. He was
also a Delegate to the Philadelphia ' ' National Union
Convention " of 1866, and that of New York in 1868.
Gordon f rTafnes, — He was a member for seven
years of the State Senate of New York, twelve years
in the State Assembly, and Was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1791 to 1795.
Gordon^ flohn J5. — He was born in Upson Coun-
ty, Georgia, February 6, 1832 ; educated at the Uni-
versity of Georgia ; was admitted to the bar ; at the
beginning of the war entered the Confederate Army
as Captain of Infantry, and was promoted, by regular
grades, to the command of the Second Army Corps ;
commanded one wing of General Lee's army at Appo-
mattox Court House ; was wounded in battle eight
times ; was the Democratic candidate for Governor of
Georgia in 1868, and his party claimed his election by
a large majority, but his opponent was declared
elected ; was a member of the National Democratic
Convention of 1868 ; was a Delegate from the State
at large to the National Democratic Convention of 1872;
was a Presidential Elector in 1868 and in 1872 ; and
was elected to the United States Senate for the term
commencing in 1873 and ending in 1879, serving on
the Committees on Commerce, Agriculture, and Edu-
cation and Labor.
Gordon^ Samuel, — He was born in New York ;
served in the State Assembly in 1834, and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from that State from 1841 to
1843, and again from 1845 to 1847. In 1863 he was
appointed Provost-Marshal for the Nineteenth Dis-
trict of New York.
Gordon, TVllliam, — He was a graduate of Har-
vard College in 1779 ; was Attorney-General for the
State of New Hampshire ; a Representative in Con-
gress from New Hampshire from 1797 to 1800, when
he resigned ; died in Boston, May, 1802, aged thirty-
nine years.
Gordon f William F, — He was a native of Vir-
ginia, and a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1829 to 1835. He is said to have been the
originator of the Sub-Treasury System. Died in Al-
bemarle County, July 2, 1858. The town of Gordons-
ville was named after him or his family.
Gore, Christopher, — Born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, in 1758 ; and graduated at Harvard College in
1776. He settled in Boston as a lawyer, and in 1789
was appointed District Attorney for the District of
Massachusetts, under the new Constitution of the
United States. In 1796 he was appointed a Commis-
sioner iinder the fourth article of Jay's Treaty. This
appointment obliged him to go to London, where he
remained eight years, during the last of which he
was left Charge d' Affaires. He was chosen Governor
in 1809, but only served one term. In 1813 he was
chosen a Senator of the United States, in which
capacity he served until 1816, when, after serving as
a Presidential Elector during that year, he retired to
private life. He died March 1, 1827, aged sixty-eight.
Having no children, Mr. Gore left valuable bequests
to the American Academy and the Historical Society,
of which he was a member ; and he made Harvard
College, of which institution he had been a Fellow
and Trustee, his residuary legatee. He was for a time
the legal tutor and adviser of Daniel Webster.
Gorham, Benjamin, — He was born in Charles-
town, Massachusetts, February 13, 1775, and died in
Boston, September 27, 1855. He graduated at Cam-
bridge in 1795, studied law with Theophilus Parsons,
of Newburyport, and rose to eminence at the bar of
Boston. He was a Representative in Congress from
the Suffolk District from 1820 to 1823, from 1827 to
1831, and from 1833 to 1835. He was afterwards, for
a short time, member of the State Legislature, but
spent the closing years of his lif <^ in retirement.
Gorham, George C, — He was born in New
York ; removed to California, where he entered into
politics, and was defeated for two or three elective
offices ; and in 1868 he was elected Secretary of the
United States Senate, in which position he still con-
tinues.
Gorham, Nathaniel, — Born in Charlestown,
Massachusetts, May 27, 1788 ; received a common-
school education ; settled in business in his native
town ; was its Representative in the Legislature from
1771 to 1775 ; Delegate to the Provincial Congress in
1774 and 1775 ; again a member of the Legislature,
and a member of the Board of War from 1778 until its
dissolution ; was a Delegate to the State Constitu-
tional Convention in 1779 ; a Delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress in 1782 and 1783, and from 1785 to
1787, and was chosen President of that body in 1786 ;
was several years a Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas ; was a member of the Convention for framing
the Federal Constitution, and was called by Washing-
ton to fill the chair in the Committee of the Whole,
for three months ; was afterwards influential in its
adoption by the State. In connection with Oliver
Phelps he purchased an immense tract of land on the
Genesee River, now comprising ten or twelve coun-
ties in the State of New York ; of which tract his
oldest son was a pioneer settler. Died at Canandai-
gua, October 22, 1826.
Gorman f Willis Arnold, — Born near Flem-
ingsburg, Kentucky, January 12, 1814 ; studied law,
and began to practice in 1825 at Bloomington, Indiana.
In 1837 and 1838 he was Clerk of the Indiana Senate ;
was several years a member of the State Legislature ;
and was Major of the Third Indiana Volunteers in the
Mexican War ; commanded an independent battalion
at the battle of Buena Vista ; in 1847, raised the
Fourth Indiana Volunteers, which he commanded in
several battles ; in 1848, was Civil and Military Gov-
ernor of Puebla ; was a Representative in Congress
from 1849 to 1853, from Kentucky ; was Governor of
Minnesota from 1853 to 1857 ; member of its Consti-
tutional Convention in 1857 ; practiced law at St.
Paul until 1861, when he was chosen Colonel of the
First Minnesota Volunteers ; appointed Brigadier-
General, September, 1861 ; was in the battles of
Ball's Bluff and West Point ; led a bayonet charge at
Fair Oaks, and had charge of a brigade in Howard's
division of Second Corps at Antietam.
Gorshire, William JR, — He was born in New
York, and removed to Colorado, where he was ap-
pointed United States Judge for the Territory of
Colorado, residing at Denver.
GosSf James JT.— Born at Union Court House,
South Carolina, August 9, 1820 ; engaged in mercan-
170
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
tile pursuits ; was a Delegate to the State Constitu-
tional Convention of 1867 ; and- was elected a Repre-
sentative from South Carolina to the Fortieth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary
Claims.
Gottf Daniel. — He was born in Connecticut, and
on removing to New York was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress from 1847 to 1851.
Gould f George, — He was born in 1811 ; gradu-
ated at Yale College, and after coming to the bar, re-
moved to Troy, in New York ; in 1852 he was elected
Mayor of that city ; from 1855 to 1863 he was a Judge
of the Supreme Court, after which he resumed the
practice of his profession. Died in Trov, December
C, 1868.
Gould f Herman 2>. — He was born in Connecti-
cut, and, having taken up his residence in New York,
was elected a Representative in Congress from that
State, from 1849 to 1851. Died in Delhi, New York, in
1852.
Gould f James, — Born at Branford, Connecticut,
in 1770 ; graduated at Yale College in 1791 ; became
distinguished as a lawyer ; was Judge of the Supreme
Court of Connecticut, from which he was displaced
in 1818 by the adoption of the new Constitution ; was
for forty years associated with Judge Reeve as a Pro-
fessor in Litchfield Law School, and after the death
of Judge Reeve continued to conduct the school till
within a few years of his death. He published
"Principles of Pleading in Civil Actions," in 1832 ;
received the degree of LL.D. from Yale College in
1819. Died at Litchfield, May 11, 1838.
Gourdin, Theodore, — He was a Representative
in Congress from South Carolina from 1813 to 1815.
Died January 17, 1826.
Govan, A., H, — He was born in Orangeburg,
South Carolina, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from South Carolina from 1822 to 1827, having
first been elected for the unexpired term of James
Overstreet.
Goi'Cy Samuel JT, — Born in Weymouth, Massa-
chusetts, March 9, 1822 ; received a common-school
education ; removed to Georgia in 1838, and engaged
in mercantile pursuits ; was a Captain and Assessor
of Taxes for Bibb County in the Confederate ser^'ice ;
was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention
of 1867 ; and was elected a Representative from
Georgia to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committee on the Navy Department.
Graham f Daniel, — He was bom in Tennessee,
and in 1847 he was appointed Register of the Treas-
ury Department, remaining in oflBce until 1849.
Graham f James, — Bom in Lincoln County,
North Carolina, in January, 1793. He graduated at
the University of that State in 1814 ; studied law, and
practiced with success for many years ; served four
years in the State Legislature ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from North Carolina from 1833 to
1843, and from 1845 to 1847. He spent the close of
his life engaged in agricultural pursuits, and died
September 25, 1851.
Graham f James S, — ^He was elected a Repre-
sentative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Ac-
counts.
Grahanif John, — He was a citizen of Virginia ;
in 1819 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to
Portugal, and went to Brazil on diplomatic business ;
returned to the United States in 1820, and died July
31 of that year.
Graham J William, — He was bom in 1783 ; re-
ceived a limited education ; was a member of the
Convention which framed the State Constitution of
Indiana ; served many years in both branches of the
State Legislature, and was Speaker in 1820 ; and was
a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1837
to 1839. Died near Valonia, Indiana, in 1857.
Graham f William A, — He was bom in North
Carolina, September 5, 1804, and was the son of Gen-
eral Joseph Graham of the Revolution. He was
educated at Chapel Hill University, where he gradu-
ated in 1824 ; studied law, and came to the bar at
Newbern ; served in the State Legislature from 1833
to 1836, and also in 1839 and 1840 ; was a Senator in
Congress from North Carolina from 1841 to 1843 ; in
1844 he was elected Governor of the State, and re-
elected in 1846 ; he was Secretary of the Navy under
President Fillmore ; and subsequently was nominated
for the office of Vice-President on the ticket ^x\xh.
Winfield Scott. He was also a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia " National L'nion Convention " of 1866. He
subsequently held the position of Arbitrator between
the States of Virginia and Maryland ; and died at
Saratoga, New York, August 11, 1875.
Granger, Amos P, — He was born in Suffield,
Hartford County, Connecticut, in June, 1789 ; received
a common-school education. In 1811 he removed to
Manlius, New York, and was for a time Pre.-^ident of
that corporation ; served as a Captain of Militia at
Sackett's Harbor in 1812, and subsequently became a
General of Militia ; in 1820 he removed to Syracuse,
and for many years devoted himself to agricultural
and mercantile pursuits. He was elected a Repre-
sentative from New York to the Thirty-fourth and
Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving chiefly on the Com-
mittee on Territories. In early life he became zeal-
ously attached to the Episcopal Church, and by his
liberality and knowledge of ecclesiastical history did
much for the prosperity of tbe church in his section
of the country. He was a cousin of Francis Granger.
Died in Syracuse, New York, August 20, 1866.
Granger, Dradley F, — He was born in New
York, and elected a Representative from Michigan to
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Revolutionary Pensions.
Granger, Franeis, — He was born December 1,
1792, in Suffield, Hartford County, Connecticut ;
graduated at Yale College in 1811 ; and on removing
to New York was for five years, from 1826, a member
of the General Assembly of that State. He was a
Representative in Congi-ess from New York from 1835
to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841, when he resigned
to receive from President Harrison the appointment of
Postmaster-General. After that time he lived in re-
tirement. He was also a member of the Peace Con-
vention of 1861. Died at Canandaigua, New York,
August 28, 1868.
Granger, Gideon, — Bom in Suffield, Connecti-
cut, July 19, 1767 ; graduated at Yale College in 1787,
and in the following year was admitted to the bar of
the Supreme Court of Connecticut, where he prac-
ticed with great distinction. In 1793 he was elected
a member of the Legislature, and continued in that
body several years. To his exertions the State is
principally indebted for its school fund. In 1801 he
was appointed Postmaster-General of the United
States, and continued in that office until 1814, when
he removed to the State of New York. In 1819 he
was elected to the State Senate, which situation he
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
171
resig-ned in 1821, on account of ill health. He did
much to promote internal improvements of the State ;
and gave one thousand acres of land in aid of the
canal. He died in Canandaigua, December 31, 1822.
His writings were confined ahnost entirely to political
subjects ; his principal publications were written in
favor of the administrations of President Jefferson
and Governor Clinton, and on the School Fund of Con-
necticut. He was an able speaker and a powerful
writer.
Grant f Abraham JP, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1837 to 1839.
Grantf Ulysses S, — He was born in Point
Pleasant, Clermont County, Ohio, April 27, 1822.
Although originally named Hiram Ulysses, the Con-
gressman who nominated him for the West Point
Academy gave his name by mistake as Ulysses S., and
by that name he has ever been recognized. He gradu-
ated at the Military Academy in 1843, and as Second
Lieutenant was assigned to the Fourth Infantry. He
continued in the army from that time for eleven
years, and participated in most of the battles of the
Mexican War, excepting Buena Vista, serving under
Generals Scott and Taylor, and receiving two brevets,
for gallantry at Molino del Rey and Chapultepec.
While serving in Oregon, in 1852, he was promoted to
the rank of Captain. In 1854 he resigned his commis-
sion, and settled near St, Louis on a farm ; in 1859 he
was a real estate agent in St. Louis ; and early in 1860
he removed to Galena, Illinois, where he joined his
father and a brother in the manufacture of leather.
When the Rebellion commenced he raised and took
command of a company of Volunteers, and before the
close of 1861 he had command, as Colonel, of the
Twenty-first Illinois Regiment, and was made a
Brigadier-General of Volunteers ; in 1862 he was pro-
moted to the rank of Major-General of Volunteers,
from which time his military history is to be traced in
his achievements at Fort Donelson, Sliiloh, Corinth,
luka, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga, in the west and
south, and at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold
Harbor, and Petersburg in Virginia, culminating in
the surrender of General Robert E. Lee, on April
9, 1865. It was on July 4, 1863, that he was ap-
pointed by President Lincoln Major-General in the
Regular Army, and he was appointed Lieutenant-
General March 2, 1864, receiving this commission
directly from the hands of the President, and
the full title of General was conferred upon him
July 25, 1866. After the close of the Rebellion he took
command of the armies of the United States, with his
headquarters at Washington. In December, 1863,
Congress passed a joint resolution, thanking him
and the soldiers who fought under him for their
gallant services, and awarding him a gold medal.
On December 12, 1867, he was appointed by Presi-
dent Johnson Secretary of War ad interim, in the
place of E. M. Stanton, suspended, which position he
held until the November following, when the Senate
refused to sanction the suspension of Mr. Stanton ;
and by the "Republican National Convention" of
1868, held in Chicago, he was nominated for the office
of President of the United States ; inaugurated as
such on March 4, 1869, and was re-elected in 1872
for the term ending in 1877.
Graiitlandf Seaton, — He was born in Virginia,
and having taken up his residence near Milledgeville,
in Georgia, was elected a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1835 to 1839. He was also a
Presidential Elector.
Gravely f Joseph J, — He was born in Henry
County, Virginia, in 1828 ; received a common-school
education, and spent his youth chiefly on a farm. In
1853 and 1854 he was elected to the Virginia Legisla-
ture ; during the latter year he removed to Missouri ;
was elected to the Convention of that State in 1860 ;
in 1862 he was elected to the Senate of the State, and
re-elected in 1864 ; had command during a part of the
Rebellion as Colonel of the Eighth Regiment of Mis-
souri Cavalry. After the close of the war he turned
his attention to the practice of law, and in 1866 he was
elected a Representative from Missouri to the For-
tieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the
Militia and Education and Labor.
Graves, Senjaniin F. — He was born in Mon-
roe County, New York, October 18, 1817 ; received a
good education ; and having studied law was admit-
ted to the bar of that State in 1841. In May, 1843, he
removed to Michigan, and settled at Battle Creek,
where he has since resided. In 1857 he was elected
Judge of the Circuit Court for the Fifth Circuit, for the
term of six years, having previously filled the same
position by appointment from Governor Bingham for
about one year, in the place of Abner Pratt, resigned.
In 1863 he was re-elected for a second term of six
years, but resigned in 1866 ; and in 1867 he was
elected a Justice of the Supreme Court for the term
of eight years.
Graves, William J, — He was a member of the
Kentucky Legislature from Henry County in 1834 ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky
from 1835 to 1841 ; in 1838 he engaged in a duel at
Bladensburg, Maryland, with Jonathan Cilley, in
which the latter was killed ; was again a member of
the Legislature in 1843 from Jefferson County ; and
was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; he died at
Louisville, September 27, 1848, aged forty-three
years.
Gray, Edtvard, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1799 to 1813.
Gray, Hiram, — Born in Salem, Washington
County, New York, April 10, 1802 ; graduated at
Union College in 1821 ; studied law, and came to the
bar in 1823 ; settled in Elmiia, and there practiced
his profession ; was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1837 to 1839 ; in 1846 he was Judge
of the Sixth Judicial District ; and in 1847 one of the
Justices of the Supreme Court, serving in that capac-
ity until 1860.
Gray, John C. — He was born in Southampton
County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con
gress from that State from 1820 to 1821, for the un-
expired term of James Johnson.
Grayson, William, — Born in Prince William
County, Virginia ; educated at the University of Ox-
ford, England ; studied law at the Temple, London,
and settled in Dumfries, Virginia ; was appointed
Aid-de-camp to Washington, August 24, 1776 ; Col-
onel of a Virginia regiment January 1, 1777 ; Com-
missioner of the Board of War in 1780 and 1781 ; a
Commissioner to treat with Sir William Howe re-
specting prisoners, while the army was at Valley Forge,
and at Monmouth commanded his regiment with val-
or. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress
from 1784 to 1787 ; member of the Virginia Conven-
tion to consider the Federal Constitution in 1788, but,
with Henry, opposed its adoption. In 1789 to 1790
was United States Senator from Virginia. He died
at Dumfries, while on his way to the seat of govern-
ment, March 12, 1790.
Grayson, William,— Bom in Maryland in 1786 ;
was a planter ; served in both branches of the State
Legislature, and took an active part in the succes^sful
struggle to obtain a new State Constitution in 1838 ;
172
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
was Governor of Maryland from 1838 to 1841.
in Queen Anne County, July 9, 1868.
Died
Grayson, William J, — He was born in Beau-
fort, South Carolina, in 1788 ; graduated at tlie South
Carolina College in 1809 ; was bred to the legal pro-
fession ; was a Commissioner in Equity of South
Carolina for many years ; a member of the State
Legislature in 1813 ; and a Representative in Con-
gress from 1833 to 1837 ; and by President Taylor he
was appointed Collector of the Customs of Charles-
ton, holding the oflBce until 1853. He subsequently
devoted himself to planting. He published " The
Hireling and the Slave," " Chicora,and other Poems,"
and was the author of a " Life of J. L. Petigru."
Died in Newbern, October 4, 1863. Son of William
Grayson.
Greeley, Horace, — Was born at Amherst, in
New Hampshire, February 3, 1811. Until the age of
fourteen he attended a common school during winter,
working in summer on his father's farm. In 1826,
his parents having removed to Vermont, Horace, who
had early shown a fondness for reading, especially
newspapers, and had resolved to be a printer, endeav-
ored to find employment as an apprentice in a print-
ing-office in Whitehall, but without success. He
afterwards applied at the office of tlie Northern
Spectator in Poultney, Vermont, where his services
were accepted, and where he remained until 1830,
when the paper was discontinued, and he returned to
work on his father's farm. During the following
year he arrived in the city of New York, where he
obtained work as a journeyman printer, and was em-
ployed in various offices, with occasional intervals,
for the next eighteen months. In 1834, in connection
with Jonas Winchester, he started the New Yorker,
a weekly journal of literature and general intelli-
gence, and became Its editor. After struggling on
for several years the journal was abandoned. During
its existence, Mr. Greeley published several political
campaign papers, the Constitution, the Jeffersonian,
and the Log Cabin. In 1841 he commenced the pub-
lication of the New York Tribune. In 1848 he was
chosen to fill a vacancy in the Thirtieth Congress, and
served through the short term preceding President
Taylor's inauguration. In 1851 he visited Europe, and
was chosen Chairman of one of the j uries at the World's
Fair. He gave an account of his travels in a series of
letters to the Tribune, which were afterwards collected
into a volume. He has also published a collection
of his addresses, essays, etc., under the title of " Hints
toward Reforms ; " and a work entitled " The Ameri-
can Conflict." In 1864 he was a Presidential Elector,
also a Delegate to the Philadelphia *' Loyalists' Con-
vention " of 1866, and to the " State Constitutional
Convention " of 1867. He was one of those who gave
bail for Jefferson Davis in May, 1867. In November
he was appointed by President Johnson Minister to
Austria, and was confirmed, but declined the position.
In 1872 he was nominated by the Conservative Party
for the office of President, bat was defeated; and
died near Pleasantville, Westchester County, New
York, November 29, 1872. His most popular book
was " Recollections of a Busy Life."
Green, Syram, — He was born in New York ;
served five years in the Assembly of that State ; and
was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845.
He was subsequently Judge of a County Court; and
died at Sodus, Wayne County, New York, October 18,
1865.
Green, Duff, — He was born in Georgia about the
year 1794 ; was a resident of St. Louis, Territory of
Missouri, as early as 1817 ; in 1824 became the editor
of a paper called the Inquirer, but leaving it before
the close of the year, went to Washington City, and
in 1826 became the proprietor and editor of the
United States Telegraph, which he conducted until
1835. He advocated the interests of John C. Calhoun
against those of Andrew Jackson, while holding the
position of Government Printer, to which he was
elected in 1829, whereby he lost an annual income of
fifty thousand dollars ; and he carried his hostility
against the President so far, that he refused to shake
his hand. From 1835 to 1838 he edited a paper called
the Reformation ; after that he went to Europe and
engaged in various schemes for making money, in
which he was eminently successful : in 1844 he edited
a journal in New York, called the Republic, which
lost much money for its proprietors, and was subse-
quently engaged wholly in private enterprises. In 1830
he had a personal difficulty with James Watson
Webb on the steps of the Capitol, which attracted
much attention in the political world, but resulted in
no personal harm to either party. The man who suc-
ceeded him as Public Printer in Washington was
Frank P. Blair ; and it is a little singular as an inci-
dent in their lives, that both these men had a habit,
after they became advanced in years, of appearing on
the streets of Washington, carrying long staffs instead
of common canes, while supporting their feeble steps.
Mr. Green died in Dalton, Georgia, which was his
home, June 9, 1875.
Green, Frederick W, — He was born in Mary-
land, and having removed to Ohio, was elected a Rep-
resentative in Congress from that State from 1851 to
1855.
Green, I, L, — He was born in Massachusetts ;
graduated at Harvard University in 1781 ; was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Massachusetts from
1805 to 1809, and again from 1811 to 1813. He died
in 1841.
Green, Innis, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1827 to 1831.
Green, James S. — He was born in Fauquier
County, Virginia, February 28, 1817 ; and in 1836,
with no fortune but a common English education, he
removed to Alabama, where he remained one year,
and then took up his residence in Missouri, with which
State he has since been identified. After many strug-
gles with the world, he was admitted to the bar in
1840, and soon thereafter entered upon a lucrative
practice. He was a Presidential Elector in 1844 ; was
a member of the Convention held in 1845 for the re-
vision of the Constitution of Missouri ; and was
elected a member of Congress in 1846, serving
through two terms. He argued a boundary dispute
case in the Supreme Court by appointment of the
Governor of Missouri ; and in 1849 took the stump
against the late Hon. Thomas H. Benton. In 1853
President Pierce appointed him to be Charge d'Affaires,
and subsequently Minister Resident at Bogota, New
Granada. He was again elected a member of Con-
gress in 1856, but before taking his seat he was
chosen by the Legislature to represent the State of
Missouri in the Senate of the United States, where he
remained until 1861. During the first session of the
Thirty-fifth Congress he was a member of the Com-
mittees on the Judiciary and on Territories, and
at the commencement of the second session of that
Congress he was chosen Chairman of the Committee
on Territories. Died at St. Louis, January 19, 1870.
Green, Willis, — He was born in the Shenandoah
Valley, Virginia ; represented Kentucky County in
the Legislature of Virginia ; was Clerk of the Court
for many years ; was a member of the Danville Con-
vention in 1785 ; and of the first State Constitutional
Convention of 1792 ; he was a Surveyor for locating
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
173
land warrants ; was a member of tlie Kentucky Leg-
islature in 1836 and 1837 ; and was a Representative
in Congress from that State from 1839 to 1845.
Greene, Albert C, — He was born in East Green-
wich, Rhode Island, in 1792 ; read law in New York,
where he was admitted to the bar ; returned to his
native State, and there commenced the practice of his
profession ; in 1815 he was elected to the General
Assembly of the State ; in 1816 was elected a
Brigadier-General of Militia, and subsequently be-
came a Major-General ; from 1822 to 1825 he served
again in the Legislature of the State, and was chosen
Speaker ; from 1825 to 1843 he was Attorney-General
of the State ; from 1845 to 1851 he was a Senator in
Congress from Rhode Island ; and having again served
a term in each of the two Houses of the State Legisla-
ture, he retired from public life in 1857. He received
the degree of Master of Arts from Brown University
in 1827. Died at Providence, January 8, 1863.
Greene, George TV, — He was born in Orange
County, New York, July 4, 1831 ; graduated at the
University of Pennsylvania ; was a teacher in several
academies in Pennsylvania for several years ; was
appointed a School Commissioner for Orange County
in 1856 ; read law, and came to the bar in 1860 ; in
1861 he was elected Judge of Orange County for three
years ; and was elected a Representative from New
York to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on Freedmen's AfEairs.
Greene, May, — He was born in Rhode Island ;
graduated at Yale College in 1784 ; and was a Senator
in Congress from Rhode Island from 1797 to 1801,
when he resigned. Died in 1849.
Greene, JEtoger S, — He was born in Massachu-
setts, and while residing in the District of Columbia
was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States for the Territory of Wash-
ington, residing at Olympia.
Greene, Thomas 3f, — He was a Delegate to
Congress from the Territory of Mississippi from 1802
to 1803.
Greenough, Horatio, — Born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, September 6, 1805 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1825 ; showed a taste for sculpture early
in life, and was induced by Allston and others to
become an artist ; he went to Italy in 1825 ; returned
to Boston in 1826, and after modeling several busts,
returned to Italy, and fixed his residence in Florence.
Among his more prominent works are a statue of
"Abel," of Byron's " Medora," the " Chanting Cher-
ubs," "Ascension of the Infant Spirits," Statue of
Washington at the National Capitol, ordered by Con-
gress ; several ideal busts, and portraits of prominent
men. He designed the Bunker Hill Monument, and
also the Washington Monument, for which Congress
appropriated twenty thousand dollars, but it is still
unfinished. The colossal group, " The Rescue," for
the National Capitol, occupied him eight years, and
consists of four figu.res. He died at Somerville, Mas-
sachusetts, December 18, 1852.
Greenup, Christ ojyJier, — ^He was Governor of
Kentucky from 1804 to 1808 ; was a patriot of the
American Revolution, and participated in the perils
of the war. He was at various times a member of the
Legislature of Kentucky, and a Representative of
that State in Congress from 1792 to 1797, and was a
Presidential Elector in 1809. He was a man of great
usefulness in his native State, and died at Frankfort,
Kentucky, April 24, 1818.
Greenwood, A, S, — Born in Franklin County,
Georgia, July 11, 1811 ; graduated at the Athens
University, Georgia ; is a lawyer by profession ; and
was a member of the Legislature of the State of Ar-
kansas from 1842 to 1845. He was Prosecuting At-
torney for said State from 1845 to 1851 ; Circuit Judge
from 1851 to 1853 ; and elected a Representative in
Congress from 1853 to 1858 from Arkansas, serving a
portion of the time as Chairman of the Committee on
Indian Affairs. In 1859 he was appointed by Presi-
dent Buchanan Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
Gregg, A^idrew, — Born in Carlisle, Pennsyl-
vania, June 10, 1755 ; he received a good classical
education, and for several years was tutor in the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania. In 1783 he opened a coun-
try store in Middletown, Dauphin County, whence he
removed in 1789 to a wilderness valley, where he
commenced agricultural pursuits. In 1790 he was
elected a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl-
vania, serving from 1791 to 1807, and a Senato/of
the United States from 1807 to 1813, serving for a
time as President pro tern, of the Senate. In 1814 he
removed to Bellefonte, and in 1816 he was appointed
Secretary of State of Pennsylvania. He was remark-
able for a sound and discriminating mind, agreeable
and dignified manners, and performed his duties with
talent and integrity. He died at Bellefonte, May 20,
1835.
Gregg f David L, — He was a citizen of Illinois,
and in 1853 was appointed a Commissioner with diplo-
matic powers to the Sandwich Islands, where he re-
mained until 1858.
Gregg, James M. — Born in Patrick County,
Virginia, June 26, 1806. He received only a com-
mon-school education, and was bred a practical far-
mer, but studied the profession of law ; and in 1830
he settled in Hendrick County, Indiana. From 1834
to 1837 he was County Surveyor, and then chosen
Clerk of the Circuit Court, serving till 1845. He was
elected a Representative of the Thirty-fifth Congress,
and was a member of the Committee on Public Ex-
penditures.
Gregory, Dudley S, — He was born in Connecti-
cut ; was at one time engaged in the iron business
among the Adirondack Mountains of New York, and
having settled in New Jersey, was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1847 to
1849. He held many positions of trust and honor,
and died in Jersey City, December 8, 1874.
Gregory, John W, — He was born in Virginia,
and was Governor of that State in 1842 and 1843.
Greig, John, — Born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland,
August 6, 1779 ; educated at the Edinburgh High
School ; emigrated to America in 1797 ; settled in
Canandaigua, New York ; studied law, and came to
the bar in 1804 ; practiced his profession until 1820,
when he became President of the Ontario Bank, which
he held until 1856 ; he was for many years a Regent
of the New York University, and also a Vice-Chan-
cellor ; was long the active head of an Agricultural
Society, and was one of the founders and corporators
of the Ontario Female Seminary. His service in
Congress was for the term commencing in 1841, but
he resigned at the close of the first session. Died at
Canandaigua, April 9, 1858.
Greiner, John, — He was born in Philadelphia ;
removed to Ohio when young ; was for eight years
Librarian of the State Library ; became the editor of
the Ohio State Journal, and was a writer of popular
political songs, especially of those entitled, " Old
Zip Coon," " Tippecanoe and Tyler Too," and "The
Wagoner Boy." In 1849 he was appointed by PresI-
174
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
dent Taylor an Indian Agent in New Mexico, and
afterwards became Governor of the Territory. In
1865 he settled in Zanesville, Ohio, and edited the
Times of that city. He was very popular as a mem-
ber of various societies, and died at Toledo, May 13,
1871, in the sixtieth year of his age.
Grennellf George, — Bom in Greenfield, Frank-
lin County, Massachusetts, December 25, 1786 ; grad-
uated at Dartmouth College in 1808 ; studied law, and
came to the bar in 1811 ; was Prosecuting Attorney
for Franklin County from 1820 to 1828 ; was a mem-
ber of the State Senate from 1824 to 1827 ; and was
a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from
1829 to 1839. He was for many years, from 1838 to
1859, a member of the Board of Trustees of Amherst
College, and in 1854 the degree of LL.D was conferred
upon him by that institution. From 1849 to 1853 he
was Probate Judge for his county, and subsequently
settled down as Clerk of the Franklin County Court.
He was the first man who proposed and advocated on
the floor of Congress the recognition of Hayti. He
wa;S still living in good health as late as 1875.
GresJiantf Walter Q, — He was born in Indiana,
and a resident of New Albany ; and in 1869 he was
appointed United States Judge for the District of
Indiana.
Greijf JBenJamin E. — He was a native of Ken-
tucky ; was a member of the Legislature of that
State from Logan County in 1838 and 1839 ; was State
Senator from 1847 to 1851 ; was Speaker of the Senate
and Acting Lieutenant-Governor in 1850 ; and was a
Eepresentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1851
to 1855.
Grider, Henry, — Was born in Garrard County,
Kentucky, July 16, 1796 ; received a good desultory
education at Bowling Green and elsewhere ; studied
law, and while engaged in practice, also devoted some
attention to farming. He rendered his first public
service as a private in the army, during the last war
with England, having served with Shelby in his cam-
paign to Canada ; in 1827 and 1831 he was elected to
the Legislature of Kentucky, and in 1833 to the State
Senate, where he served four years. He was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1843 to
1847, and was also re-elected to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary
Claims and on Mileage. Re-elected to the Thirty -
eighth Congress ; was a member of the Committee on
the Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Territories, Mile-
age, and Reconstruction. Died in Warren County,
Kentucky, September 14, 1866.
Grier^ Robert C, — He was bom in Cumberland
County, Pennsylvania, March 5, 1794 ; graduated at
Dickinson College in 1812 ; studied law, and came to
the bar in 1817, practicing his profession in Northum-
berland, Columbia, Lycoming, Union, and Schuylkill
Counties ; was appointed President Judge of Al-
leghany County in 1833, when he became a resident
of Pittsburg ; and in 1846 he was appointed by Pres-
ident Polk an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
of the United States, and since 1848 he has been a
resident of Philadelphia. Died in Philadelphia, Sep-
tember 25, 1870.
Griffin 1 Ci/rus,— Bom in Virginia in 1749 ; ed-
ucated in England ; and returning to Virginia, became
a member of the Legislature, a Delegate to the Con-
tinental Congress from 1778 to 1781, and in 1787 and
1788, and was its President in 1788 ; was President of
the Supreme Court of Admiralty ; a Commissioner in
1789 to the Creek Nation ; Judge of the United States
District Court for Virginia from 1789 till his death,
which occurred at Yorktown, Virginia, December 14,
1810.
Griffinf Isaac, — ^He was bom in Pennsylvania,
! and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1813 to 1817.
Griffin f tfohn, — He was an early emigrant to In-
diana ; in 1800 he was appointed a Judge of the United
States Court for that Territory ; in 1806 he was ap-
pointed to the same position for the Territory of
Michigan, where he remained for many years.
Griffin f tfohn K, — He was a Representative in
Congress from South Carolina from 1831 to 1841, and
died at Milton, South Carolina, August 1, 1841.
Griffin f Samuel, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1789 to 1795, and was
one of those who voted for locating the seat of Gov-
ernment on the Potomac.
Grifflin, Thomas. — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1803 to 1805.
GriffitJi, Samuel, — He was born in Wales,
Great Britain, February 14, 1816 ; educated at Al-
legheny College, Meadville ; studied law ; admitted
to the bar in 1846, and practiced ; and was elected a
Representative to the Forty-second Congress from
Pennsylvania, serving on the Committee on Freed-
men's Affairs.
Griffith, William, — He was one of the earliest
Judges of the United States Circuit Court, and in
1801 was appointed by President Jefferson to the
Third Circuit.
Grimes f James W, — He was born in Deering,
Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, October 16,
1816 ; commenced his education at Hampton Academy,
and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1836. Soon
after that time he emigrated to the West, and in
1838 was elected to the first General Assembly of the
Territory of Iowa, to which he was frequently re-
elected. He was Governor of the State of Iowa from
1854 to 1858, and in 1859 he was elected a Senator in
Congress from that State for six years, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on the District of Colum-
bia, and also of that on Naval Affairs, and as a mem-
ber of those on Public Lands and Public Buildings.
He was also a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" of
1861. He was re-elected to the Senate for the term
commencing in 1865, and ending in 1871 ; and in 1865
received from the Iowa College the degree of LL.D.
He was also a member of the Special Joint Committee
on the Rebellious States, that on Contingent Ex-
penses of the Senate, and that on Appropriations ;
and he was one of the Senators designated by the
Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866.
Died in Burlington, Iowa, February 7, 1872.
Grimke, Frederick, — Bom in Charleston,
South Carolina, September 1, 1791 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1810 ; studied law, and removed to
Ohio ; for several years was Presiding Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas in one of the Circuits of the
State ; in 1836 elected a Judge of the Supreme Court
of the State, which he held for seven years. He pub-
lished in 1848 a work entitled "Considerations upon
the Nature and Tendency of Free Institutions," and
also " An Essay on Ancient and Modern Literature."
Died in Chillicothe, Ohio, March 8, 1863.
Grinnellf tfoseph, — He was bom in New Bed-
ford, Massachusetts, November 17, 1788. His early
education was received at private schools, and was
molded in view of a mercantile life ; he commenced
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
175
business in New York as a commission merchant in
1809, and continued there until 1829, for five years
being connected with John H. Howland, eleven years
with Preserved Fish, and four years with his brothers,
Moses H. and Henry Grinnell ; in 1829 he retired
from the New York concern, and visited Europe ; on
his return he settled in his native place, devoting
himself to commerce generally, and especially to the
whale fishery. Among the laborious positions which
he has long held in New Bedford are those of Presi-
dent of the Marine Bank, of the New Bedford and
Taunton Railroad, and of the Wamsutta Cotton-mill,
In 1839, 1840, and 1841, he was a member of the Gov-
ernor's Council of Massachusetts ; he was elected a
Representative to Congress in 1843, and was three
times re-elected, serving on the Post Office and Com-
merce Committees, and originated the idea of a re-
duction of postage and the establishment of life-boats.
Indeed, so great was Mr. Grinnell's influence on the
floor of Congress, as every measure he proposed
seemed to succeed, he was playfully designated by
his friends as one of the most dangerous men in the
House.
Grinnell, Josiah J5. — He was born in New
Haven, Vermont, December 22, 1821 ; received a col-
legiate and theological education ; went to Iowa in
1855, and turned his attention to farming, having been
the most extensive wool -grower in the State, to which
he has devoted special attention ; was a member of
the State Senate for four years ; a special agent for
the General Post Office for two years ; and was elected
a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and
Post Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Freedmen, on Agricul-
ture, and on the Postal Railroad to New York. In
June, 1866, L. H. Rousseau, a fellow-member, made
a personal assault upon him for words spoken in de-
bate, which resulted in a resolution which was passed,
reprimanding the assailant for "violating the rights
and privileges of the House."
Grinnell, Moses H, — Born in New Bedford,
Massachusetts, March 3, 1803 ; was educated at pri-
vate schools and at Friends* Academy ; was bred a
merchant, and frequently went abroad as supercargo ;
and he was a Representative in Congress from New
York, from 1839 to 1841. He was also a Presidential
Elector in 1856. Moses H., Henry Grinnell, and Rob-
ert B. Minturn, were the gentlemen composing the
distinguished firm of Grinnell, Minturn, & Co., the
house taking that title in 1829, though in reality
founded many years before by Joseph Grinnell and
Preserved Fish. In 1869 he was appointed Collector
of New York.
Griswoldf Gaylord*—He graduated at Yale
College in 1787 ; was a member of the New York As-
sembly from 1796 to 1798 ; and a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1803 to 1805 ; and
died in 1809.
Gristvold, John A, — He was born in Rensse-
laer County, New York, about the year 1822 ; was
educated for the mercantile profession ; settled him-
self in the iron trade, to which, in connection with
banking, he has ever been devoted. He served one
term as Mayor of the city of Troy, and in 1862 he
was elected a Representative from New York to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on the Death of
President Lincoln and Naval Affairs. Re-elected to
the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Ways and Means.
Crrisivoldy John A, — He was born in Greene
County, New York, in 1827 ; after acquiring a good
education he studied and adopted the profession of
law ; in 1856 he was elected District Attorney of
Greene County, and held the position for three years ;
in 1864 he was elected County Judge, and continued
in the office four years ; and in 1868 he was elected a
Representative from New York to the Forty-first Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Coinage.
Griswoldf Iioge7\ — Born in Lyme, Connecticut,
May 21, 1762 ; graduated at Yale College in 1780, and
studied law, in the practice of which he became emi-
nent. From 1795 to 1805 he was a Representative in
Congress from Connecticut. In 1801 he declined the
appointment of Secretary of War, offered him by
President Adams, a few days previous to the acces-
sion of President Jefferson. In 1807 he was chosen a
Judge of the Supreme Court of the State ; was Lieu-
tenant-Governor from 1809 to 1811, and then elected
Governor ; while holding that office he refused to
place four companies under General Dearborn, at the
requisition of the President, for garrison purposes,
deeming the requisition unconstitutional, as they
were not wanted to "repel invasion." In 1809 he
was also a Presidential Elector. A scene that occurred
between him and Matthew Lyon, on the floor of Con-
gress, was one of great excitement. He received from
Harvard College the degree of LL.D. He died in
1812.
Grlswold, Stanley, — Bom in Torringford, Con-
necticut, November, 1768 ; graduated at Yale College
in 1786, and was a clergyman. In 1804 he became the
editor of a Democratic paper in Walpole, New Hamp-
shire, but was soon after appointed by President Jef-
ferson Secretary of the Territory of Michigan. He
was a Senator in Congress from Ohio in 1809, but was
superseded by A. Campbell ; and he was United
States Judge for the Northwestern Territory. He
died at Sliawneetown, Illinois, August 21, 1814.
Groesbeckf William S, — He was born in New
York about the year 1826 ; studied law, and removed
to Cincinnati, where he engaged in the practice of his
profession ; in 1852 he was a member of the Commis-
sion appointed to codify the laws of Ohio ; was a
member, in 1851, of the "State Constitutional Con-
vention;" was elected a Representative from Ohio to
the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving on the Committee
on Foreign Affairs; was a member of the "Peace
Congress" of 1861, and in 1862 was elected to the
Senate of Ohio. He was also a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia "National Union Convention" of 1866, and
was one of the counsel for Andrew Johnson during
his Impeachment Trial in 1868.
Grootne, Ja/tnes JS, — Born in Elkton, Cecil
County, Maryland, April 4, 1838 ; studied law with
his father, John C. Groome, who was a prominent
lawyer ; admitted to the bar in 1861 ; in 1867 he was
elected to the State Constitutional Convention ; in
1871 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-
elected ; and in 1874 he was elected Governor of
Maryland.
Gross, Ezra C — He was born in Windsor Coun-
ty, Vermont ; graduated at the University of Ver-
mont in 1806 ; practiced law in Elizabethtown, New
York ; was Surrogate of Essex County from 1815 to
1819 ; was a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1819 to 1821 ; and was elected to the As-
sembly of that State in 1828 and 1829, but died before
the close of his second term.
Gross, Samuel, — He was a native of Montgome-
ry County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative
in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1823.
176
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
GrosvenoVf Thomas J*. — Bom in Pomfret,
Connecticut, in 1780, and died April 25, 1817. He
graduated at Yale College in 1800, and, after study-
ing law, removed to New York ; served a number of
years in the Legislature of tliat State, and was elected
to Congress as a Representative, serving from 1813 to
1817.
Gi^oiitf tTonatJian, — He was born in Lunen-
burg, Worcester County, Massachusetts, July 23,
1737; was an oflScer in the colonial service in the
French and Indian War of 1757 to 1760 ; studied law
and settled in Petersham, Worcester County, Massa-
chusetts. Was an active and energetic Whig through
the Revolutionary War ; served for a short time in
the Revolutionary Army ; was for some years a mem-
ber of the "General Court," or House of Representa-
tives of Massachusetts ; and in 1789 was elected a
member of the First Congress, in which he served
from 1789 to 1791. He subsequently devoted himself
to his profession, and died while attending Court at
Dover, New Hampshire, September 8, 1807.
Grove, William .B. — He was a Representative
in Congress from North Carolina from 1791 to 1803.
GroveVf Asa _P. — Born in Ontario County, New
York, in 1819 ; educated at Centre College, Kentucky,
of which State he became a resident in 1847 ; studied
and practiced law ; was elected to the State Senate in
1857 ; re-elected in 1861, holding the position eight
years ; and was elected a Representative from Ken-
tucky to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings.
GroveVf Lafayette, — Was born in Bethel, Ox-
ford County, Maine ; educated at Bowdoin College ;
studied law in Philadelphia, where he was admitted
to the bar in 1850, and soon afterwards took up his
residence in Salem, Oregon Territory. In 1851 he
was elected Prosecuting Attorney for the Territory ;
in 1852, Auditor of Public Accounts ; served three
years in the Territorial Legislature ; saw some ser-
vice in the Indian wars of Oregon ; was a Commis-
sioner in 1854 to adjust the claims of citizens of Oregon
against the United States ; he was appointed in 1856
one of the Commissioners to investigate the Indian
war claims against the General Government ; and,
having been an active member of the Convention of
1857 to form a State Constitution, he was subsequent-
ly elected the first Representative in Congress from
the prospective State, and took his seat as such in
February, 1859. Subsequently resumed the practice
of law ; from 1867 to 1870 was engaged in the milling
business ; was Chairman of the State Central Demo-
cratic Committee ; in 1870 elected Governor of Oregon,
and re-elected in 1874.
Grover, Martin, — He was a native of New
York ; bred a lawyer ; and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847 ; was a
Judge of the Supreme Court of New York from 1857
to 1859 ; was Judge of the Court of Appeals from 1859
for a full term ; was elected an Associate Judge in
1870 for fourteen years, and died in Alleghany Coun-
ty, New York, August 23, 1875. He acquired a for-
tune by his profession, and would never receive more
than seven per cent, for his money.
GroiVf Galusha ^.— Born in Ashford, Wind-
ham County, Connecticut, August 31, 1823 ; was edu-
cated at Amherst College, graduating in 1844 ; adopted
the law as a profession, and was admitted to the bar
in 1847 ; and, having settled among the mountains of
Pennsylvania, and his health, in 1850, being delicate,
he amused himself by surveying wild lands and raft-
ing ; and in 1850 he was elected a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania, where he served as a
member of the Committee on Territories and Public
Printing. "When Mr. Banks was Speaker of the
House of Representatives, Mr. Grow was Chairman
of the Committee on Territories ; and during one of
the recesses of Congress he visited Europe. He was
re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Territories. Re-
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was
chosen Speaker of the House of Representatives. He
was also a Delegate to the ' ' Baltimore Convention "
of 1864. He subsequently resided for several years
in Texas, engaged in important business enterprises,
but returned to Pennsylvania in 1875, and took an
interest in political affairs.
Grundy, Felix, — Born in Virginia, September
11, 1770 ; he removed with his father to Kentucky,
and was educated at BardstoAvn Academy ; studied
law, and soon became distinguished at the bar. He
commenced his public career, at the age of twenty-
two, as a member of the Convention for revising the
Constitution of Kentucky ; was afterwards, for six or
seven years, a member of the Legislature of that
State. In 1806 he was elected one of the Judges of
the Supreme Court of Kentucky, and was soon after
Chief Justice. In 1807 he removed to Nashville, Ten-
nessee, and became eminent as a lawyer. From 1811
to 1814 he was a Representative in Congress from Ten-
nessee, and during several years after was a member
of the Legislature of that State. From 1829 to 1838
he was United States Senator, and in the latter year
was appointed by President Van Buren Attorney-Gen-
eral of the United States ; in 1840 he resigned this
position, and was again elected Senator. He died at
Nashville, Tennessee, December 19, 1840.
Guerard, Senjarnin, — He was Governor of
South Carolina from 1783 to 1785 ; Speaker of the
House in 1783. Died in Charleston, South Carolina,
January, 1789.
Guion, John J, — He was the son of Major
James Guion, of the regular army, and born in Nat-
chez, Mississippi, in 1801 ; he was a member of the
State Senate and President of that body ; also a Judge
of the Criminal Court ; in 1851 Governor, -pro. tern., of
the State, and subsequently a Judge of the District
Court of the State. Died at Vicksburg, June 26,
1855.
Gunckelf Lewis JB, — He was bom in German-
town, Ohio, October 15, 1826 ; graduated at Farmer's
College, in 1848, and the law school of Cincinnati
College in 1851 ; came to the bar the same year ; was
a Delegate to the National Republican Convention in
1856 ; a member of the Senate of Ohio in 1862, 1863,
1864, and 1865 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1864 ;
appointed by Congress one of the Managers of the
National Asylum for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, in
1864, and re-appointed in 1870 ; was appointed United
States Commissioner to investigate Indian frauds, in
1871 ; and elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving
on the Committee on Military Affairs.
Gunn, James, — He was a Senator of the United
States from Georgia from 1789 to 1801, and died in
Louis\ille, in that State, July 30, 1801. He was one
of those who voted for locating the Seat of Govern-
ment on the Potomac.
Gunter, Thomas M, — He was elected to the
Forty-third Congress, and, after his seat had been
contested, he was admitted ; and he was re-elected to
the Forty-fourth Congress from Arkansas. In Decem-
ber, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Land Claims.
Gurley, Henry M, — ^He was bom in Lebanon^
II
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
177
Connecticut, in 1787 ; was educated at Williamstown
College ; studied law and settled at an early day in
Louisiana ; and lie was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1823 to 1831. He previously
held the office of United States Judge of the District
Court of Louisiana, and died in 1833.
Giirley, John jL, — Born in East Hartford, Con-
necticut, December 9, 1813 ; received an academic
education ; studied for the Ministry, and was settled
as a preacher at Methuen, Massachusetts, from 1834 to
1837, when he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he
published a paper called the Star of the West, for fif-
teen years. In 1858 he was elected a Representative
from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, ofiiciating as
Chairman of the Committee on Printing. Re-elected
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Commerce, and on Roads and Canals. Died
at Cincinnati, August 19, 1863, while holding the of-
fice of Governor of Arizona, conferred upon him by
President Lincoln.
Criistinef Ainos, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1841 to 1843, and
died in Lost Creek Valley, Pennsylvania, March 3,
1844.
Guthrie f James* — He was born near Bardstown,
Nelson County, Kentucky, December 5, 1792 ; edu-
cated at the Bardstown Academy. When twenty
years of age commenced trading with New Orleans as
the owner of flat-boats ; studied law, and in his twen-
ty-fifth year settled at Louisville as a lawyer. For a
time he held the ofiice of Prosecuting Attorney for the
county in which he lived, and, for many years, prac-
ticed his profession with success. During that period
he was shot by a political opponent, and was, in con-
sequence, confined to his bed for three years. He
served nine years in the Legislature of the State, and
six years in the State Senate ; was President of the
"State Constitutional Convention" of 1851 ; took an
active part in the banking business of Louisville, and,
after originating, became President of the Nashville
and Louisville Railroad. In 1853 he went into Presi-
dent Pierce's cabinet a'> Secretary of the Treasury ;
was a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864 ;
and was elected a Senator in Congress from Kentucky
in 1865, for the term ending in 1871, serving on the
Committees on Finance, Agriculture, Patents, Appro-
priations, and Mines and Mining. He was also a Del-
egate to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven-
tion" of 1866. Resigned in February, 1868, on ac-
count of his health. Died in Louisville, March 13,
1869.
Guy on, Ja^mes, tTr, — He was born in Richmond
County, New York, in 1777 ; represented Staten
Island in the Legislature of New York a number of
years, and was a member of Congress from 1819 to
1821. He died on Staten Island, March 8, 1846.
Gwin, William M, — Born in Summer County,
Tennessee, October 9, 1805 ; graduated at Transyl-
vania University, Lexington, Kentucky, and studied
medicine as a profession ; he was appointed United
States Marshal for Mississippi ; and elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State, serving from
1841 to 1843. He was Commissioner of Public Build-
ings to superintend the erection of the New Orleans
Custom-House ; a member of the Convention for
framing the Constitution of California, and was one
of the first United States Senators from that State,
having been elected in 1850 for six years, and re
elected in 1856 for the term which expired in 1861.
He was Chairman of the Committee on the Pacific
Railroad, and a member of the Committees on Fi-
nance, and on Post-Ofiices and Post-Roads. During
the Rebellion he was arrested and imprisoned for his
12
opposition to the Federal Government, but was re-
leased on his parole by President Johnson in 1866.
After the war he returned to California, where he
was largely interested in mining.
Gwinnett, Button. — He was born in England in
1732 ; received a good education ; came to America
in 1770, and settled in Charleston, South Carolina ;
was devoted, first to commercial pursuits, and after-
wards to planting, in Georgia ; he joined the popular
party, and was conspicuous at revolutionary com-
mittees ; he was a Delegate to the Continental Con-
gress from 1775 to 1776, and was one of the signers of
the Declaration of Independence. He was a member
in 1777 of the Convention to form a State Constitu-
tion for Georgia ; was re-elected to Congress, but
having fought a duel with General Mcintosh, he was
mortally wounded, and died May 27, 1777.
Habersham, John, — He was born in 1754 ; a
member of the first regiment ever formed in Georgia ;
member of the Continental Congress in 1785 and
1786 ; Collector of the port of Savannah from 1789 to
1799 ; and died in Chatham County, Georgia, Novem-
ber 19, 1799.
Hahershainf Joseph. — He was born in Georgia
in 1750 ; served with distinction in the Revolutionary
War as a Lieutenant-Colonel ; was a Delegate from
Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1785 to
1786 ; also a member of the State Assembly ; was
appointed by Washington Postmaster-General in
1795, and having been continued in office by Presi-
dents Adams and Jefferson, resigned in 1802, when
he became President of the Branch Bank of the
United States at Savannah, which he held until his
death. He died in Georgia in 1815.
Habersham, Michard TV. — He was born in
Savannah, Georgia, in 1786, and was educated at
Nassau Hall, New Jersey, where he graduated in
1805. He distinguished himself as a lawyer, and
occupied many stations of trust in his native State,
and was a Representative in Congress from 1839 to
1843, where he commanded great respect for his
political integrity. He died in Habersham County,,
Georgia, December 2, 1844.
Hachett, Thomas C — He was born in Georgia;
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the
Committee on Indian Affairs. Died at Marietta,
Georgia, October 8, 1851.
HacMey, Aaron, Jr. — Born in New Haven,
Connecticut, and was a member of the New York
Legislature in 1814, 1815, and 1818, and a Represen-
tative in Congress from that State from 1819 to 182L
Haddocl^, Charles Srickett. — Born in Frank-
lin, New Hampshire, June 20, 1796 ; graduated at
Dartmouth College in 1816, and Andover Seminary
in 1819 ; was Professor of Rhetoric and Belles Lettres
at Dartmouth from 1819 to 1838, and of Intellectual
Philosophy and Political Economy from 1838 to 1844 ;
was Charge d' Affaires from the United States to Por-
tugal from 1851 to 1855 ; was in the Legislature of
New Hampshire four years ; introduced the present
common-school system of the State ; and was the first
school-commissioner under it ; and was the originator
of the railroad system of New Hampshire. He pub-
lished a volume of addresses, etc. , including occasional
sermons ; was a contributor to the Biblical Reper-
tory, the Bibliotheca Sacra, and other periodicals,
and made reports for fifteen years on education.
Died at West Lebanon, New Hampshire^ January 15,
1861.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Hadfleld, George, — He Avas iDorn in England,
and educated as an architect in London ; received a
prize from the Royal. Academy and traveled on the
Continent at its expense ; through the influence of the
painter John Trumbull he was appointed to succeed
James Hal let as Architect of the Capitol, serving as
such from 1795 to 1798 ; his engagement in connection
with the Capitol was terminated because of personal
difficulties with John Hoban, which President Wash-
ington vainly tried to settle ; but he was subsequent-
ly employed to build the City Hall of Washington.
Hadley, O. A. — He was ex -officio Governor of
Arkansas in the years 1872 and 1873.
HageVf tfohn -S. — He was bom in Morris County,
New Jersey, March 12, 1818 ; graduated at Princeton
College in 1836 ; admitted to the bar in 1840, and
practiced at Morristo-wTi, New Jersey ; went to Cali-
fornia in 1849 ; in 1852 was elected to the State
Senate and served two years ; in 1855 was elected
State Judge for the District of San Francisco, and
served six years ; in 1865 and in 1867 elected to the
State Senate and served six years ; in 1871 was elect-
ed a Regent of the University of California ; and was
elected to the United States Senate for the unexpired
term of Eugene Casserley, resigned in 1874, for the
term ending in 1875, serving on the Committees on
Manufactures and Territories.
ITagnei% liefer, — Born in Philadelphia, October
1, 1772 ; and was the son of Valentine Hagner, who
served with credit in the War of the Revolution ;
graduated at the University of Pennsylvania ; was for
a time clerk in a counting-house ; in 1792 he received
from President Washington the appointment of
Accountant of War; removed to Washington City,
with the Government ; and in 1817 he was appointed
by President Monroe Third Auditor of the Treasury
Department. He continued in the public service for
fifty-seven years under every President from Wash-
ington to Taylor, and was frequently complimented
for his official faithfulness on the floor of Congress,
and was t^^ice honored by direct votes in the two
Houses of Congress. He resigned his office in October
1849, and died in Washington City in July, 1850. He
was frequently called upon to settle important claims
for che Government outside of his regular duties, be-
cause it was thought no other man could do the busi-
ness so well. He was also connected Avith the city
Government of Washington, and for ability and high
character left an enviable reputation.
HahUf John, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1815 to 1817.
Mahn, 3£ic7iael. — Born in Bavaria, in Novem-
ber, 1830 ; was brought to the United States when a
child, and settled in Louisiana ; received a public-
school education in New Orleans, and received the
degree of LL.D. in the University of Louisiana;
adopted the profession of law ; and in 1862 was
chosen a Representative to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, he and B. F. Flanders ha\-ing been elected
during the military rule in Louisiana. He took his
seat at the close of the session. In 1864 he was
elected Governor of Louisiana for the term ending in
1868.
Haightf Charles, — ^He was born at Colt's Neck,
Monmouth County, New Jersey, January 4, 1838 ;
graduated at Princeton College in 1857 ; studied law,
and came to the bar in 1862 as an attorney, and in
1864 as a counselor ; was elected to the New Jersey
Legislature in 1861 and 1862, and chosen Speaker in
the latter year ; was a Delegate to State Conventions
in 1864 and 1865 ; was commissioned a Brigadier-
General of Militia in 1861, and rendered effective
service in raising troops for the war ; and in 1866 he
was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the
Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval
Affairs. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress.
Haightf JEdivai^d, — Born in New York city,
March 26, 1817 ; was educated at a private school ;
entered a counting-house, and turned his whole atten-
tion to mercantile pursuits ; became a Director in the
National Bank of New York, and subsequently Vice-
President of the Bank of the Commonwealth, and
finally President, which position he still occiipies.
Besides acting as a director in six or seven banks and
insurance companies, he has frequently served as an
officer in various benevolent institutions. In 1860 he
was elected a Representative from New York to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee
on Manufactures.
Haighty Fletcher 31, — He was an emigrant to
California, and appointed United States Judge for
that District.
Maight, Henry Hiintly, — Was bom in
Rochester, New York, May 20, 1825 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1844 ; studied law, and was admitted
to the bar of St. Louis, in October, 1846 ; settled to
practice in San Francisco in 1850. Was appointed
United States District Judge of California by Presi-
dent Lincoln. He was elected Governor of California,
1867, ser\ing till 1871.
Haile, Williani, — He was born in 1797, and
died at Woodville, Mississippi, March 7, 1837. He
was a member of Congress from Mississippi from 1826
to 1828.
Haileyf John, — He was born in Smith County,
Tennessee, August 29, 1835 ; received a common-
school education ; removed to Missouri in 1848 ; went
to Oregon in 1853 ; settled in Idaho in 1863, and was
elected a Delegate from Idaho to the Forty-third Con-
gress.
Haines f Daniel, — He was a native of New
Jersey ; elected Governor of the State in 1843, serving
one year ; and in 1848 he was re-elected and contin-
ued in the office until 1851.
Haines f Townsend, — He was appointed in 1850
Register of the United States Treasury, but only held
the position until 1851.
HaldetnaUf Jacoh S, — He was a citizen of
Pennsylvania, and in 1861 he was appointed Minister
Resident to Sweden and Norway, where he remained
until 1864.
Haldeman, Richard tf, — He was born in
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, May 19, 1831 ; studied at
Partridge's Military School ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1851 ; the same year he visited Europe, and
studied a short time in the Universities of Berlin and
Heidelberg ; in 1853 he went, as Attache of Legation,
to Paris, and also to St. Petersburg ; he traveled
throughout Scandinavia, Central and Southern
Europe, and the Far East ; in 1857 purchased the
Daily and Weekly Patriot and Union, in Harrisburg,
and edited it until 1860 ; in 1860 he was a Delegate to
the Charleston and Baltimore Conventions ; was elect-
ed to the Forty-first Congress, and re-elected to the
Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committees on
the Census, Land Claims, and Agriculture.
Hale, Arteinas, — Born in Winchendon, Worces-
ter County, Massachusetts, October 20, 1783, and
pursued the occupation of a farmer until twenty-one
years of age, having received only a common-school
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
179
education. He was a teacher in Hingham for ten
years, and then removed to Bridgewater, where he
engaged in manufacturing. He was a Representative
in the Legislature for several years, and a State Sen-
ator in 1833 and 1834. In 1853 he was a member of
the "State Constitutional Convention," and a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1845
to 1849. In 1864 he was also a Presidential Elector,'
Hale, Charles, — Born in Boston, Massachusetts,
June 7, 1831 ; graduated at Harvard University in
1850 ; in 1852 established and edited To-day a Lit-
erary journal ; was subsequently editor of the Boston
Daily Advertiser ; and was United States Consul to
Egypt from 1864 to 1870. Assistant Secretary of
State 1872 to 1874 ; contributed to the North Ameri-
can Bemew and the American Almanac.
Hale, Eugene* — He was born in Turner, Oxford
County, Maine, June 9, 1836 ; studied law, and came
to the bar in 1857 ; during the latter year he was ap-
pointed Attorney for Hancock County, and was three
times re-appointed ; in 1866 he was elected to the
State Legislature, serving two years ; and in 1868 he
was elected a Representative from Maine to the
Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on
Naval Affairs and the State Department. Re-elected
to the three succeeding Congresses, serving on the
Committee on Appropriations.
Hale, James T. — He was born in Bradford
County, Pennsylvania, in October, 1810 ; received a
common-school education ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1832 ; in 1851 he was appointed
President Judge of the Twentieth Judicial District of
Pennsylvania ; and in 1858 was elected a Representa-
tive from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. Re-
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on
the Committees on Claims and on Roads and Canals.
Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was
Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Died at Belle-
fonte, ' Pennsylvania, April 7, 1865.
Hale, John J*.— Born in Rochester, Strafford
County, New Hampshire, March 31, 1806. After
preparing himself at Exeter Academy, he entered
Bowdoin College, and graduated in 1827. He studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; in 1832 he
was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1834 he was
appointed by President Jackson District Attorney for
New Hampshire, and re-appointed by President Van
Buren ; in 1843 he was elected a Representative in
Congress ; in 1846 he was again elected to the State
Legislature, and chosen Speaker ; in 1847 he was
elected a Senator in Congress, and after serving until
1853, devoted himself for two years to his profession,
and was re-elected in 1855 to the United States
Senate ; and in 1859 was re-elected for the term end-
ing in 1865, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Naval Affairs, and member of that on Post Offices
and Post Roads. In 1852 he was the Free-Soil candi-
date for Vice-President of the United States. Soon
after leaving the Senate, March 10, 1865, he was ap-
pointed by President Lincoln Minister to Spain.
Died at Dover, November 18, 1873.
Hale, Bohert ;Si.— Born in Chelsea, Orange
County, Vermont, September 24, 1822 ; graduated at
the University of Vermont in 1842 ; studied law, and
after coming to the bar settled in the practice of his
profession at Elizabethtown, Essex County, New
York ; was Judge of Essex County from 1856 to 1864 ;
was appointed in 1859 a Regent of the University of
New York ; in 1860 he was a Presidential Elector ;
and he was elected a Representative from New York
t-o the Thirty-ninth Congress, in the place of Orlando
Kolloo-g, deceased, serving on the Com^mittees on the
Militia, Manufactures, and Retrenchment. He was
also a Delegate to the " National Union Convention "
at Philadelphia, in 1866. Re-elected to the Forty-
third Congress. He was for several years engaged
by ihe, United States as Special Counsel under the
Treaty of Washington.
Hale, Saint a, — Born at Alstead, New Hamp-
shire, March 7, 1787 ; was a printer at Walpole, New
Hampshire ; at the age of eighteen edited in that
place the Political Ohserxatory ; subsequently studied
law. From 1812 to 1834, with the exception of a few
years, was Clerk of the Supreme Court of Cheshire ;
was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1819 ;
afterwards practiced at the bar ; and was a member
of the Legislature from 1823 to 1825 ; Secretary of
the Board of Commissioners under the Treaty of
Ghent. In 1825 published "History of the United
States," for schools. In 1826, " Annals of Keene ; "
" History of the United States," London, 1826, and
other literary works. He died at Keene, November
18, 1806.
Hale, William, — He was one of the most influ-
ential men of New Hampshire, and a member of Con-
gress from 1809 to 1811, and again from 1813 to 1817.
Died at Dover, November 8, 1848, aged eighty-four
years.
Haley, Elisha, — He was born in Connecticut,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1835 to 1839.
Hall, A lien A . — Born in North Carolina ; prac-
ticed law at Nashville, and was for thirty years con-
nected with the leading papers there ; was Charge
d' Affaires to Venezuela from 1841 to 1845 ; Assistant
Secretary of the United States Treasury in 1849 and
1850 ; edited the Republic at Washington ; afterward
edited the Daily News from 1857 to 1859, at Nash-
ville ; was Minister to Bolivia from 1863 to 1867.
Died at Cochabamba, Bolivia, May 18, 1867.
Hall, Asaph, — He was born in Goshen, Litch-
field County, Connecticut, October 15, 1830 ; received
a common-school education ; was a student and as-
sistant at the Harvard College Observatory from 1857
to 1862 ; was appointed Aid in the United States
Naval Observatory in 1862 ; and in 1863 a Professor
of Mathematics in the National Observatory, where
he still continues.
Hall, Atigtisfns, — Was born in Batavia, New
York, April 29, 1814 ; educated at Middlebury Acad-
emy in that State ; studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1836 ; removed to Marysville, Ohio, in
1837 ; was County Attorney from 1840 to 1842 ; re-
moved to Kessauque, Iowa, in 1844 ; was a Presi-
dential Elector in 1852 ; in 1854 was elected to the
Thirty-fourth Congress from Iowa ; was admitted to
practice before the Supreme Court of the United
States in 1857 ; and the same year was Chief Justice
of Nebraska. Died near Bellevue, Nebraska, Feb-
ruary 1, 1861.
Hall, Senjamin F, — He was born in New
York, and was appointed from that State Chief Justice
of the United States Court for the Territory of Colo-
rado, residing at Denver City.
Hall, Boiling, — He was a member of Congress
from Georgia from 1811 to 1817 ; died near Mont-
gomery, Alabama, March 25, 1836, aged sixty-seven
years.
Hall, Chapin,— Born in Ellicott, Chautauqua
County, New York, July 12, 1816 ; received a good
English education ; has devoted his life to mercan-
180
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
tile pursuits in connection with lumbering ; and was
elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Invalid Pensions.
Hall, David, — He was Governor of Delaware
from 1802 to 1805.
Hall, Dominick Augustine, — Born in North
Carolina in 1765 ; commenced the practice of law in
Charleston, South Carolina, and was District Judge
of Orleans Territory from 1809 till 1812, when it be-
came the State of Louisiana ; he was then appointed
United States Judge of the State, in which position
he continued during his life. Owing to the military
operations against New Orleans, his court was ordered
to be adjourned for two months from December 15,
1814. In March, 1815, while the city was under
Martial Law, Judge Hall was arrested by General
Jackson for having granted a writ of habeas corpus
to a person arrested by his authority. He was re-
leased March 14, and immediately summoned General
Jackson to answer for a Contempt of Court, result-
ing in a judgment against him, and a fine of one
thousand dollars, which he paid. It was, however,
refunded to him, with interest, in 1844, by an Act of
Congress. He died in New Orleans, December 19,
1820.
Hallf George, — He was born in New Haven,
Connecticut ; was a member of the Assembly of New
York in 1816, and a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1819 to 1821.
Hall, Hiland, — He was born in Bennington,
Vermont, July 20, 1795. He spent his boyhood on
his father's farm, receiving, as he could, a good Eng-
lish education ; studied law, and was admitted to the
bar in 1819 ; in 1827 he was elected to the State
Legislature, and afterwards, for several years, was
State's Attorney ; and he was a Representative in
Congress from Vermont from 1833 to 1843, officiating
for several sessions as Chairman of the Committee on
Revolutionary Claims. He was also Bank Commis-
sioner for Vermont from 1843 to 1846 ; four years
Judge of the Supreme Court ; in 1850 Second Comp-
troller of the Treasury ; and in 1851 was appointed,
by President Fillmore, Land Commissioner for Cali-
fornia, where he remained until 1854. He subse-
quently resided on the farm where he was born, and
was elected Governor of Vermont in 1858 ; in 1859 he
received from the University of Vermont the degree
of LL.D., and served as a Delegate to the "Peace
Congress " of 1861.
Hall, John, — He was a Delegate from Maryland
to the Constitutional Convention from 1775 to 1776,
and from 1783 to 1784.
Hall, John, — Born in Virginia, but went to
North Carolina at an early age ; received a good ed-
ucation, and adopted the profession of law ; in 1809
he was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court ; and
from 1818 to 1832 was a Justice of the Supreme Court
of North Carolina, and died soon after leaving the
bench.
Hall, Joseph, — He was born in Essex County,
Massachusetts, June 26, 1793 ; received a limited
education ; after leaving Andover Academy, went to
Maine, and was a clerk in a store until he was twenty-
one years of age ; served as Lieutenant of Militia
in 1813 and 1814 ; from 1817 until 1819 was engaged
in mercantile pursuits ; was Sheriff of two counties
for twelve years ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Maine from 1833 to 1837, having been the
first Northern man who voted against receiving
slavery petitions. Before entering Congress he was
for four years Postmaster of Camden, Maine ; and,
by President Polk, was appointed Navy Agent of
Boston in 1849. He has since been connected with
the Boston Custom House.
Hall, Lawrence JV, — He was born in Lake
County, Ohio, in 1819 ; was educated in that State ;
graduated at Hudson in 1839 ; was admitted to the
bar in 1843 ; practiced his profession until 1851, when
he was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas,
which position he held until 1856, when he was
elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-
fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Commit-
tees on Agriculture and on Public Buildings and
Grounds. During the troubles of 1862 he was im-
prisoned for alleged disloyalty, and died soon after
his release, in Ohio, January 26, 1863.
Hall, Lyman, — He was born in Connecticut in
1725 ; graduated at Yale College in 1747 ; studied
medicine and established himself in Sunbury, Geor-
gia. He early espoused the American cause ; was a
Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to
1779, and signed the Declaration of Independence.
His property was confiscated by the British ; in 1783
he was elected Governor of Georgia ; and he died in
that State in 1791.
Hall, Nathan JK.— Born March 28, 1810, at
Marcellus, Onondaga County, New York. He read
law in the office of Mr. (afterwards President) Fill-
more, and became his partner in the practice of their
profession at Bujffalo, Erie County, New York, in
1832. He has held different administrative and judi-
cial offices in his native State ; served as a member of
the State Legislature, and was a Representative in
Congress from 1847 to 1849. On Mr. Fillmore's ac-
cession to the Presidency, in July, 1850, he was
appointed to the office of Postmaster-General. He
was subsequently appointed Judge of the United
States District Court for Western New York. Died
in Buffalo, March 2, 1874.
Hall, Ohed, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New Hampshire from 1811 to 1813.
Hall, Hobert B, — Born in Boston, Massachu-
setts, January 28, 1812 ; was educated for the minis-
try ; was a member of the Massachusetts Senate in
1855 ; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-
fourth Congress in that year, and was re-elected to
the Thirty-fifth Congress in 1857, serving as a mem-
ber of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions.
Hall, Thomas H, — Born in Edgecombe County,
North Carolina, in 1773 ; was educated for the medi-
cal profession ; and was a Representative in Congress
from 1817 to 1825, and again from 1827 to 1835. In
1836 he served as a member of the State Senate, and
voted against the reception of any of the surplus re-
venue of the United States Treasury by the State of
North Carolina. He died in Tarborough, June 30,
1853.
Hall, Willard, — He was born in Westford,
Massachusetts, December 24, 1780 ; graduated at
Harvard College in 1799 ; he studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1803 ; he removed to Delaware
and practiced his profession there ; in 1811 he was
elected Secretary of State in Delaware, and held that
office three years ; he was elected a Representative
in Congress in 1816, and re-elected in 1818 ; he was
again Secretary of State in 1821 ; in 1822 he was
elected to the Legislature ; and in 1823 was appointed
by President Monroe District Judge of the United
States for Delaware ; in 1829 he revised the State
Laws of Delaware, and in 1831 he was a member of
the " State Constitutional Convention." He was also
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
181
a man of influence in the religious world ; was a
Sunday-school teacher for forty years ; the father of
the public school system of the State ; and he was an
earnest advocate of the idea that lawyers ought
always to be religious men. Died in Wilmington, in
May, 1875.
Hallf Willard JP, — He was born in Virginia,
and, on taking up his residence in Missouri, was
elected a Representative in Congress from 1847 to
1853. He was Lieutenant-Governor of that State in
1861 and 1862, and Acting Governor.
Hall, William, — He was born in 1774, and
died in Sumner County, Tennessee, in October, 1856.
He was a General of Militia; and a Representative in
Congress from Tennessee from 1831 to 1833.
Hallf William A. — He was born in Maine,
taken to Virginia in early childhood, and emigrated
to Missouri in 1841. In 1844 he was a Presidential
Elector ; in 1847 was appointed a Judge of the
Circuit Court ; was a member of the " Missouri Con-
vention " of 1861 ; was elected a Representative from
Missouri to the Thirty-seventh Congress, in place of
J, B. Clark, expelled ; and in 1863 was re-elected to
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tees on Roads and Canals and Expenditures in the
Post Office Department. He was also a Delegate to
the " Chicago Convention " of 1864, and to the Phila-
delphia "National Union Convention" of 1866.
Halletf Stephen, — He was born in France and
educated in Paris ; he came to America before the
Revolution and settled in Philadelphia as an archi-
tect ; in 1792 he removed to Washington City and
was employed to assist in making plans for the pub-
lic buildings, and was the designer of the original
Capitol ; because of a disagreement with the authori-
ties he remained in office only two years. His plans
were adopted, but he was not permitted to carry them
out ; and although he resorted to the law for redress
he was defeated, and consequently suffered greatly
in his financial interests.
Hallettf JVCoses, — He was born in Illinois ; emi-
grated to Colorado ; and in 1874 he was appointed an
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court for the Ter-
ritory of Colorado, residing at Pueblo.
HallocTc, tTohfif Jr, — He was born in Orange
County, New York, and was a member of the Assem-
bly of New York State from Orange County, in 1816
and 1817, and from 1820 to 1821 ; and a Represent-
ative in Congress from 1825 to 1829.
Halloway, Hansom, — A Representative in
Congress from the Eighth Congressional District of
New York, from 1849 to 1851. He died in Mount
Pleasant, Prince George County, Maryland, April 6,
1851.
JSallyhwrtonf James 2>. — He was a native of
Virginia, and about the year 1844 was appointed
United States Judge for the Eastern District of Vir-
ginia.
Malsey, George A, — He was bom in Spring-
field, Essex County, New Jersey, December 7, 1827 ;
in 1844 he settled in Newark and became engaged in
the manufacturing "business ; in 1861 and 1862 he
was elected to the State Assembly ; in the latter year
he was appointed Assessor of Internal Revenue for
the Fifth District of New Jersey, which he held un-
til 1866; and was elected a Representative from New
Jersey to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Retrenchment and the District of Colum-
bia. In 1864 he was Collector of Internal Revenue
at Newark, New Jersey ; and was re-elected to the
Forty-second Congress.
Halsey, Jeliiel H, — He was a member of the
New York Senate from 1832 to 1835, having previ-
ously been a Representative in Congress from that
State, from 1829 to 1831.
Halsey, Nicoll, — He was a member of the
New York Assembly from Tompkins County in 1824,
and a Representative in Congress from that State from
1833 to 1835.
Halsey, Silas, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1805 to 1807, and,
having previously been in the Assembly of that State
for several years, was subsequently, for one year, a
member of the State Senate.
Halsey, William, — He was born in New Jersey
in 1770, and received a good education, adopting the
profession of law ; he was at one time Mayor of New-
ark ; for many years a Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas ; and, at the time of his death, the oldest lawyer
in the State. Died at Newark, August 16, 1843.
Halstedf William, — He was born in New
Jersey ; graduated at Princeton College in 1812 ; and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. He
was a candidate for election to the Twenty-sixth
Congress, but, although he came with the broad seal
of his State, he was not admitted.
Hain, Jolm, — He was a citizen of Ohio, and
Charge d' Affaires to Chili from 1830 to 1833.
HamMetonf Samuel, — Born in Talbot County,
Maryland, in 1812 ; received an academical educa-
tion ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1833 ; was
elected to the House of Delegates in 1834, 1835, and
1853 ; to the State Senate from 1844 to 1850 ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1844 ; President of the Chesa-
peake and Ohio Canal in 1853 and 1854 ; and elected
a Representative from Maryland to the Forty-first
Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Build-
ings and Territories. Re-elected to the Forty-second
Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce.
HameVf Thomas L, — He was born in Penn-
sylvania ; removed to Ohio when quite young ; taught
a common school ; studied law, and came to the bar
in 1821 ; served several sessions in the State Legisla-
ture, and was once elected Speaker. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Ohio from 1833 to 1839, and
died at Monterey, Mexico, while serving in the war,
December 3, 1846. He entered the army as a private,
and was promoted at once to the rank of Brigadier-
General. It has been said to his credit that he was
the Representative who nominated General U. S.
Grant, as a Cadet to West Point.
Hamillf JPatrich, — Born in Alleghany County,
Maryland, April 28, 1817 ; received a private and
common-school education, and settled in Cumberland ;
was bred to the trade of a carpenter, but never
worked as such ; in 1841 he was appointed Tax Col-
lector for his County, and held the office two years ;
devoted some attention to mercantile pursuits ; was
elec ed to the State Assembly in 1843 and 1844 ; was
seven years Judge of the Orphans' Court of Alle-
ghany County ; subsequently paid attention to the
business of stock-raising on his farm known as
"Cranberry Glade ;" in 1867 he was again elected
Judge of Probate ; and he was elected a Representa-
tive from Maryland to the Forty-first Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Public Expenditures and
the Navy Department.
182
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS
Hamilton f A, H. — He received a common-school
education ; studied law, and devoted himself to that
profession and politics ; and in 1874 was elected a
Representative from Indiana to the Forty-fourth
Congress.
HainiltoUf Alexander, — Born in the island
of St, Croix, of American parents, in 1757 ; when six-
teen years of age he came to New York, and spent
three fears in King's College ; two years afterwards
he entered the army as an officer of artillery, and be-
came an Aid-de-Camp to Washington, with the rank
of Lieutenant-Colonel ; he acquitted himself with
credit at the siege of Yorktown ; after the war he
quitted the army, and turned his attention to the law in
New York ; he was a Delegate to the Continental Con-
gress in 1782 and 1783, and in 1787 and 1788 ; in 1786 he
was elected to the State Assembly ; and he was elected
to the Convention which formed the Federal Constitu-
tion, By his writings, signed Publius, he did much
to secure its adoption, but was the only member from
New York who signed that instrument. In 1789 he
was appointed, by Washington, Secretary of the
Treasury, and continued in that office until 1795,
when he resigned. In 1798 he was associated with
Washington in command of the army ; and in 1804
he had a difficulty with Aaron Burr, which resulted
in a duel, which took place at Hoboken, and, having
received a fatal shot, died on the following day, July
12, 1804, He was the author of a great variety of
able essays on politics and finance, and especially of
the largest number of chapters published in the
Federalist, and his collected writings were published
in an edition of seven volumes in 1850.
Hamilfonf Andreiv J, — Born in Madison
County, Alabama, January 28, 1815 ; received a good
common-school education, spending his earlier years
on his father's farm. He held for some years the po-
sition of Clerk of the Circuit Court, and did business
as a merchant ; he subsequently studied law and was
admitted to the bar ; in 1846 he removed to Texas,
and devoted himself to his profession. In that State
he held the office of Attorney-General ; served fre-
quently in the Legislature ; in 1856 was a Presidential
Elector ; and was elected a Representative from Texas
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of
the Select Committee of Thirty-three. In 1862 he
was appointed by President Lincoln Military Governor
of Texas ; and in 1865, by President Johnson, Provis-
ional Governor of the same State. He was also a Del-
egate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention"
of 1866, and to the "Soldiers' Convention," held at
Pittsburg. He was also a Justice of the Supreme
Court of the State; member of the State Constitutional
Convention ; and brother of Morgan C. Hamilton.
Died at Austin, Texas, April 11, 1875.
Hamilton J Charles M". — Born in Clinton Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, in November, 1840 ; in 1861 he en-
tered the Union Army as a private, participated in
sixteen battles, and was wounded three times, — at
Gaines' Mill, Antietam, and Fredericksburg ; was for
a time confined in Libby Prison ; in October, 1863, he
was appointed a Lieutenant in the Veteran Reserve
Corps ; was appointed a Judge Advocate, in which
capacity he served until 1865 ; was subsequently a
Commissioner of Refugees in Florida ; and on being
mustered out of service, early in 1868, he turned his
attention to the practice of law ; and was elected a
Representative from Florida to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims.
Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the
Committees on the District of Columbia and Educa-
tion and Labor.
Hamilton, Cornelius S.— He was born in
Muskingum County, Ohio, January 2, 1821 ; received
a common-school education ; studied law, but in addi-
tion to practicing that profession he paid some atten-
tion to farming and banking, and edited a newspaper;
in 1850 he was elected to the * ' State Constitutional
Convention ; " in 1856 to the Senate of the State ; was
subsequently appointed an Assessor of Internal Rev-
enue, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative
from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Private Land Claims and Invalid Pen-
sions, He was called from his duties in Washington
to attend upon a son, who had suddenly become in-
sane, and by that son, in an unguarded moment, he
was killed at Marysville, Ohio, December 21, 1867.
Hamilton f James, — Born in Charleston, South
Carolina, in 1789 ; was liberally educated, and adopted
the law as a profession. In 1812 he served with dis-
tinction on the Canadian frontier ; was for several
years Mayor of Charleston ; in 1823 was elected to the
State Legislature ; and from that position was trans-
ferred to the National House of Representatives,
where he remained until 1829. He was subsequently
chosen Governor of South Carolina, and, becoming
interested in the Republic of Texas, helped to promote
her independence, and went to Europe as Minister
Plenipotentiary from that Republic. He did much
to promote the interests of his native city and State,
and was one of the founders of the Southern Quar-
terly Bevieic, and also of the Bank of Charleston.
At the time of his death he was a Senator elect in
Congress from Texas, but was drowned on his passage
to Texas, November 15, 1857, by a collision between
the steamers Galveston and Opelousas, having been a
passenger on board the latter steamer.
Hatniltonf tTohn, — He was at one time High
Sheriff of Washington County, Pennsylvania, and a
Representative in Congress from tliat State from
1805 to 1807. He died at home, August 31, 1837.
Hamiltonf Morgan C, — He was born near
the town of Huntsville, in the State of Alabama,
February 25, 1809 ; received a country-school educa-
tion ; was brought up to mercantile pursuits; re-
moved to the Republic of Texas in 1837 ; was a
clerk in the War Department from 1839 until 1845,
acting as Secretary of War a portion of the time ;
was appointed Comptroller of the Treasury of the
State in 1867 ; was elected a Delegate to the Consti-
tutional Convention in 1868 ; was elected to the United
States Senate on the reconstruction of Texas, and took
his seat in 1870; was also elected for the term com-
mencing in 1871 and ending in 1877, serving on the
Committees on Pensions and Railroads.
Hamilton, JPaul, — Born in South Carolina;
was a patriot of the Revolution ; was appointed in
1799 Comptroller of South Carolina, which office he
held over five years. In 1804 he was elected Gover-
nor of the State. In 1809 he was appointed Secre-
tary of the Navy, and held the office until 1812,
when he resigned. He died at Beaufort, June 30,
1816.
Hamilton, Hohert, — He was born in Hamburg,
Sussex County, New Jersey, December 5, 1816 ; re-
ceived an academic education; studied law, and ad-
mitted to practice in 1836, and as a counselor in 1840 ;
was Prosecutor of Pleas fifteen years ; was a member
of the State Legislature in 1863 and 1864, serving the
last year as Speaker ; and was elected to the Forty-
third Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims ;
he was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Hamilton, William T, — Was born in Wash-
ington County, Maryland, September 8, 1820; edu-
cated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania; studied
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
183
and practiced law ; was a member of the Legislature
in 1846 ; a Representative in Congress from Maryland
from 1849 to 1855 ; was elected to tlie United States
Senate and took his seat in 1869. His term of
oflBce expired in 1875. He has never been fond of
public office, and in 1861 declined the nomination for
Governor of Maryland.
Hamlin, Edward S, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Ohio from 1844 to 1845.
HamliUf Hannibal, — Born in Paris, Oxford
County, Maine, August 27, 1809 ; prepared himself
for a collegiate education, but, owing to his father's
death, was obliged to take charge of his farm, where
he remained until he was of age ; he then spent a
year in a printing-office as a compositor ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1833, and con-
tinued in active practice until 1848 ; was a member
of the Maine Legislature from 1836 to 1840 ; and
Speaker of the House in 1837, 1839, and 1840; was
elected a Representative to the Twenty-eighth Con-
gress, and re-elected to the Tvi^enty-ninth Congress ;
was again a member of the House of Representatives
in the State Legislature in 1847; and elected to the
United States Senate, May 26, 1848, for four years, to
fill a vacancy occasioned by the decease of John Fair-
field. He was re-elected for six years in 1851, and
elected Governor of Maine, January 7, 1857, resigning
his seat in the Senate and being inaugurated Gover-
nor the same day. On the 16th of the same
month was re-elected United States Senator for six
years, and resigned the office of Governor, February
20, 1857. He served as a member of the Committees
on Commerce and on the District of Columbia. In
1860 he was nominated by the Republican party as
their candidate for the office of Vice-President, and
was elected. In 1865 he was appointed by President
Johnson Collector of Customs for the port of Boston,
In 1869 he took his seat in the Senate for the fourth
term, serving on various important Committees, and
as Chairman of that on Mines and Mining.
Haninietf Williain tf. — He was born in Vir-
ginia ; studied divinity ; was Chaplain of the Univer-
sity of Virginia, when he finished his education ; was
at one time Chaplain of Congress ; and a Representa-
tive in Congress from Mississippi, from 1843 to 1845,
Hammondf Abram A, — He was born in Brat-
tleboro', Vermont, in March, 1814 ; went to Indiana
when a youth ; studied law, and came to the bar in
1835 ; after residing in various places, in 1850 he
was made a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in
Indianapolis ; emigrated to California in 1852, but
returned to Indiana in 1854, locating at Terre Haute ;
in 1860 he was elected Governor of the State, serving
until 1861 ; and having gone to Colorado for his
health, died in Denver, August 27, 1874.
Hammondy Edward,— Re was born in Mary-
land, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1849 to 1853.
Hamniondf tlabez D, — He was a lawyer and
popular political writer of New York ; did not re-
ceive a collegiate education, but Union College con-
ferred on him the degree of A.M. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New York from 1815 to
1817, and, on the eipiration of his term, he was
elected to the State Senate, of which he was a mem-
ber until 1821, He visited Europe in 1830, to restore
his health. He was elected County Judge in 1838,
and about that time commenced his "Political His-
tory of the State of New York," In 1845 he was
elected to succeed Mr. Van Buren as a Regent of the
University of New York, and held the office until his
death. After his return from Europe, having with-
drawn in a measure from public and professional
life, he devoted himself to literary pursuits and pub-
lished works entitled " Julius Melbourn," " The Po-
litical History of New York," and the " Life and Times
of Silas Wright." He died August 18, 1855, in Cherry
Valley, New York, his place of residence.
Hammond, James H, — Born in Newbury
District, South Carolina, November 15, 1807 ; gradu-
ated at the State College, Columbia, in 1827 ; prac-
ticed law from 1828 to 1830 ; was editor of the
Southern Times ; served his native State in Congress
from 1835 to 1837 ; after which he visited Europe for
his health. In 1841 he was appointed a General of
Militia ; and in 1842 elected Governor of South Caro-
lina, After spending about fifteen years in the quiet
enjoyment of his plantation on the Savannah River,
devoting himself to agricultural and literary pursuits,
he was, in November, 1857, elected to the United
States Senate in place of A. P. Butler, but withdrew
in December, 1860. He died at his residence, Novem-
ber 13, 1864.
Hammond, Hobert H, — He was born in
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1837 to 1841. Died June 2,
1847.
Hammond, Samuel, — Born in Richmond
County, Virginia, September 21, 1757 ; received as
good an education as the country afforded at the
time. When quite young he volunteered in an ex-
pedition against the Indians under Governor Dun-
more, and acquired distinction at the battle of the
Kanawha, When the Revolution broke out he dis-
played great bravery and ability at the battle of
Long Bridge, at the siege of Savannah, where he
was made Assistant Quartermaster ; at the battle of
Black Stocks, he had three horses shot from under
him, and was wounded. He was a member of the
" Council of Capitulation" at Charleston ; was at the
battle of King's Mountain. He was also at the siege
of Augusta; at the battle of Cowpens ; the battle of
Eutaw, where he was again badly wounded ; and also
at many others. After the war he settled at Savannah,
and held many positions of trust and honor ; in 1793
he headed a volunteer corps, and did good service in
the Creek country ; served a number of years in the
Georgia Legislature ; was one of the early Gover-
nors of the State ; and a Representative in Con-
gress fri^m that State from 1803 to 1805, He was
appointed by President Jefferson Military and Civil
Commandant of Upper Louisiana ; and Receiver of
Public Money in Missouri, He was also President of
the Bank of St. Louis. In 1824, he returned to
South Carolina, and was elected to the Legislature of
that State ; was appointed Surveyor-General ; and iji
1831, Secretary of State, He retired from public life
in 1835, and died September 11, 1842, leaving behind
a brilliant reputation both as a patriot and as a man.
Hamtnons, Daind, — He was born in Oxford
County, Maine, in 1807 ; received a limited education;
studied law and commenced the practice in Lovell,
Oxford County, in 1836 ; was a member of the Senate
of Maine in 1840 and 1841 ; and was a Representative
in Congress from Maine from 1 847 to 1849, Now liv-
ing in Bethel, Maine, devoted to his profession.
Hamfnons, Joseph, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New Hampshire from 1829 to 1833 ;
and died at Farmington, in that State, April, 1836.
Hampton ^ James G, — He was born in New
Jersey ; graduated at Princeton College in 1835 ; and
was a Representative in Congress from his native
State from 1845 to 1849.
184
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Ha^njytofif Moses, — Bom in Beaver County,
Pennsylvania, October 28, 1803, but removed with liis
father to Trumbull County, Ohio, so that his oppor-
tunities for even a common-school education were
limited ; he, however, by his own exertions, obtained
a classical education, and graduated at Washington
College, Pennsylvania. He studied law at Uniontown,
and was admitted to the bar in 1829, and commenced
to practice in Somerset, Pennsylvania, where he re-
mained until 1838, and then went to Pittsburg, and
pursued the practice of his profession. From 1847 to
1851, he was a Representative in Congress from Penn-
sylvania, and declined a re-election. In 1853 he was
elected President Judge of the District Court for Alle-
ghany County, and still holds that office.
HatnpfOitf Wade, — He was born in South Caro-
lina in 1775 ; he took an active part in the war of
the Revolution ; was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1795 to 1797, and from 1803 to
1805 ; a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; also in 1829 ;
commanded a brigade in 1812 on the northern fron-
tier ; he spent the larger part of his life engaged in
agricultural pursuits, by which he amassed a very
large fortune, having been called the richest planter
in the United States. He died at Columbia, South
Carolina, February 4, 1834.
Hanehett, Luther, — Was born in Portage
County, Ohio, October 25, 1825 ; received a good edu-
cation at Fremont ; studied law and commenced the
practice when twenty-one years of age ; emigrated to
Wisconsin in 1849 ; spent some time engaged in the
lead and lumbering business ; was four years District
Attorney for Portage County in his adopted State ;
from 1856 to 1860 was a member of the Wisconsin
Senate ; and in 1860 he was elected a Representative
from Wisconsin to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Public Expenditures, and
Private Land Claims. Died at Madison, Wisconsin,
November 26, 1862.
liancocUf George, — He v/as a Representative
in Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1797. He
served as a Colonel in the Revolution ; was greatly
beloved by his associates ; and died at Fotheringay,
Virginia, August 1, 1820, in the sixty-sixth year of
his age,
Ilancoch, tfoiiii, — Born near Quincy, Massachu-
setts, in 1737 ; graduated at Harvard University in
1754 ; was bred to commercial pursuits in the counting-
house of an uncle, and visited Europe in 1760, and be-
came a successful merchant. He was for many years
one of the selectmen of Boston ; in 1766 went into the
General Assembly of the State, where he became dis-
tinguished for his ability. He was among the first to
repel the policy of England, and the first vessel seized
by the revenue officers was his property. In 1774 he
was unanimously elected President of the Provincial
Congress, and, having been elected a Delegate to the
Continental Congress in 1775, he was chosen Presi-
dent of that body, serving as such two years and a
half, and as a Delegate from 1775 to 1780, and from
1785 to 1786. He was the first man to sign the Decla-
ration of Independence, and his peculiar signature is
universally known ; and he also signed the Articles of
Confederation. He was a member of the Convention
to form a State Constitution ; was Governor of Massa-
chusetts for five years, after the adoption of its Con-
stitution ; and, under the Federal Constitution, from
1789 to near the close of the year 1793, when he died,
October 8. He was a bold and high-toned patriot, and
possessed all the personal qualities of a good man
and a true gentleman.
HancocTCf John, — He was born in Jackson
County, Alabama, October 29, 1824 ; educated partly
in Alabama and in Tennessee ; studied law, and ad-
mitted to the bar in 1846 ; settled in Texas in 1847,
practicing his profession until 1851, when he was
elected to the District Bench of the State, and serving
as Judge until 1855, when he resigned ; was a mem-
ber of the State Legislature in 1860 and 1861 ; refused
to take the oath of allegiance to the Confederate
States, and was expelled ; was elected a member of
the State Constitutional Convention of 1866 ; and since
then has been engaged in the practice of his profession,
and stock-raising ; was elected to the Forty-second
and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Commit-
tees on Appropriations and the Cpntennial ; and he
was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Hand, Augustus C, — He was born in Shore-
ham, Addison County, Vermont, in 1806 ; and having
adopted the profession of law, settled at Elizabeth-
town, Essex County, New York. He was Surrogate
of that county from 1831 to 1839 ; a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1839 to 1841 ; a
member of the State Senate from 1845 to 1848 ; and
was a Justice of the Supreme Court from 1848 to
1856 ; after which he was wholly devoted to the
practice of his profession.
Handf Edward, — He was a Delegate from
Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress, in 1784
and 1785.
Handlei/f Williain JL.— Was born near Frank-
lin, Georgia, December 15, 1834 ; removed when
young to Alabama, where he was educated at a vil-
lage school ; was a United States mail-carrier for two
years ; a Post-Office Clerk ; for many years a Mail
Contractor ; was engaged in mercantile pursuits in
the service of the Confederate States as a civil and
military officer from 1861 to 1865 ; and was elected to
the Forty-second Congress as Representative from
Alabama, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary
Claims.
Hanks f JTames M, — Was born in Helena, Ar-
kansas, February 12, 1833 ; received a common-school
education ; was a student at the Colleges of New Al-
bany, Indiana, and Columbia, Tennessee ; studied
law, graduated at the University of Louisville, in
1855 ; commenced practice, and continued it at Hele-
na until the breaking out of the war ; was opposed to
secession ; was elected Judge of the First District of
Arkansas in 1864, and remained upon the bench until
1868 ; was elected to the Forty-second Congress as
Representative from his native State, serving on the
Committee on Insurrectionary States.
Hanna, John A, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1797 to 1805.
Hanna, Robert, — He was a member of the In-
diana "Constitutional Convention" of 1816; a Gen-
eral of Militia ; was for many years in the State
Legislature ; was a Senator in Congress from Indiana,
by appointment, from 1831 to 1832 ; took an active
part for many years in the public affairs of his State ;
and was killed by the cars, while walking on the
track of a railroad at Indianapolis, November 19,
1858.
Hannegan, Edward A, — He was born in
Ohio, but spent his boyhood in Kentucky ; received
a good education, studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in his twenty-third year, settling in Indiana.
He was frequently a member of the State Legisla-
ture ; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana
from 1833 to 1837 ; and a Senator in Congress from
1843 to 1849, officiating part of the time as Chairman
of the Committee on Roads and Canals and on En-
rolled Bills. On his retirement from the Senate he
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
185
was appointed Minister to Prussia, and on his return
from Europe took up liis residence in Missouri. He
died at St. Louis, February 25, 1859.
Han son f Alexander Contee, — He was a law-
yer by profession ; was a Presidential Elector in 1789
and 1793 ; and at one time edited a political news-
paper called the Federal Republican, first at Balti-
more and then at Georgetown, District of Columbia.
He was a bitter opponent of the administration, and
in 1812 published an article which so irritated the
populace that his printing-office in Baltimore was de-
stroyed. He resolved to re-issue the paper, and took
possession of a house for that purpose, supported by
several political friends, well armed ; the paper ap-
peared next morning, with an article against the
people and police of Baltimore, and in the evening
the house was attacked by a mob, which was, how-
ever, repelled ; but Mr. Hanson and his friends were
obliged to surrender to the civil authorities for se-
curity, and were conducted to jail. That building
was also attacked, and he was thrown in front of the
jail, with others, and left by the mob, supposed to be
dead. Then it was that he issued his paper in George-
town. He afterwards settled in Baltimore, and was
elected a Representative in Congress, serving from
1813 to 1816, when he was elected a Senator of the
United States from Maryland. He died at Belmont,
April 23, 1819.
Hanson f tTohn, — He was distinguished as a
friend of his country, and was a Delegate from
Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1781 to
1783 ; President of that body during the first session,
and a signer of the Articles of Confederation. He
died in Prince George County, November 13, 1783.
Haralson f Hugh A, — Born in Greene County,
Georgia, November 13, 1805. He graduated at the
University of Georgia in 1825, and adopted the law
as a profession, having, by an act of the Legislature,
been permitted to practice before he was twenty-one.
He was for many years a member of the Georgia
Legislature, and a Representative in Congress from
1843 to 1851. He died at home, in October, 1854. He
also participated in the military affairs of the State,
and was a Major-General of Militia ; and when in
Congress was Chairman of the Committee on Mili-
tary Affairs.
Haralsson, fTeremiaJi, — Born in Muscogee
County, Georgia, April 1, 1846, of slave parents ; in
1865 he became free by the close of the Rebellion,
and settled in Alabama ; acquired a knowledge
of English by means of his own personal efforts ; in
1868 he took an interest in politics ; iu 1870 he pre-
sided over the Convention which nominated B. S.
Turner for Congress ; in the same year he was elected
to the State Legislature ; in 1871 a Justice of the
Peace; was for. three years President of the " Ala-
bama Labor Union ; " also elected to a Convention of
his own people held in New Orleans ; in 1872 he was
elected a State Senator ; and in 1874 he was elected
to the Forty-fourth Congress from the State of
Alabama.
Hard, Gideon* — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1833 to 1837, and a
State Senator from 1842 to 1847.
Hardeman^ Thomas^ J'r,—'Re was born in
Bibb County, Georgia, January 12, 1825, and elected
a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Mileage. He
had before served in the State Legislature. Joined
the great Rebellion in 1861.
Hardenhergh, Augustus A, — Born in New
Brunswick, New Jersey, May 18, 1830, and son of
Cornelius L., an eminent lawyer of that State, and
grandson of the founder and first President of Rut-
gers College, Jacob R. Hardenbergh, He was edu-
cated at Rutgers College ; spent several years in a
counting house in New York City ; in 1853 elected to
the State Legislature ; in 1858 he became cashier of
the Hudson County Bank in Jersey City ; in 1868 he
was elected by the Legislature State Director of Rail-
roads ; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention
of 1868 ; President of the Northern Railroad of New
Jersey ; and in 1874 he was elected a Representative
from New Jersey to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Hardin, Henjamin, — Was born in Westmore-
land County, Pennsylvania, in 1784 ; removed with
his parents to Washington County, Kentucky, in 1787 ;
received his education from private tutors ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1806 ; settled at
Elizabethtown, but removed to Bardstown in 1808 ;
he was a member of the Legislature in 1810, 1811,
1824, and 1825 ; State Senator from 1828 to 1832 ; was
a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from
1815 to 1817, from 1819 to 1823, and from 1833 to
1837 ; was Secretary of State of Kentucky from
1844 to 1847 ; was a member of the State Constitu-
tional Convention in 1849 ; in the summer of 1852 he
was crippled by a fall from his horse ; and died soon
after at Bardstown, September 24, 1852.
Hardin, Charles H, — Born in Boone County,
Missouri, in 1820 ; graduated at the Miami Univer-
sity, Ohio ; studied law, and in 1848 was elected a
County Attorney in Missouri ; in 1851 became one of
the Managers of the State Lunatic Asylum ; in 1852
elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected in
1855 ; he was one of a Commission to revise the
State Laws ; in 1858 he was again elected to the
Legislature, and in 1860 to the State Senate ; again
elected to the Senate in 1872 ; and in the following
year he was elected Governor of Missouri. He has
devoted much of his attention, as a public man, to
the cause of education ; and through his liberality a
college was established in Mexico, bearing his name,
and having an endowment of nearly forty thousand
dollars.
Hardin, E, R, — He was born in Georgia, and
was appointed an Associate Justice of the United
States Court for the Territory of Nebraska.
Hardin f tTohn J', — He was born at Frankfort,
Kentucky, in 1810; was the son of M. D. Hardin,
previously a member of Congress. He graduated at
the Transylvania University ; adopted the profession
of law ; and having removed to Illinois, located in
Jacksonville, where he practiced his profession with
success. He held the office of Prosecuting Attorney
for his Circuit ; was a member of the Illinois Legis-
lature from 1836 to 1842 ; was a Representative in
Congress from Illinois from 1843 to 1845 ; and he
commanded a regiment in the war with Mexico, and
was killed at the battle of Buena Vista, while lead-
ing his men in the final charge, with heroic gallantry,
February 2o, 1847.
Hardin, Martin D, — He was born on the
Monongahela River, Western Pennsylvania, June 21,
1780. He was educated chiefly at Transylvania Semi-
nary, in Kentucky ; studied law ; served for several
years in the Legislature of Kentucky ; was at one
time Secretary of State for Kentucky ; served in the
North-western army as a Major ; and was a Senator
in Congress during the years 1816 and 1817. He had
a superior mind, and as a lawyer was eminently suc-
cessful. He died in Franklin County, Kentucky,
October 8, 1823.
186
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Harding ) Aaron, — Was born in Greene Coun-
ty, Kentudiy ; spent his boyhood on a farm ; studied
law, and came to tlie bar in 1833, locating in Greene
County ; in 1840 lie was elected to the State Legisla-
ture ; and in 1861 he was elected a Representative
from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv-
ing on the Committee on Territories. Re-elected to
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee
on the Post Office and Post Roads, Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
Banking and Currency and Invalid Pensions. He
was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National
Union Convention " of 1866.
Harding f Abner C, — Born in East Hampton,
Middlesex County, Connecticut, February 10, 1807 ;
was educated chiefly at Hamilton Academy, New
York ; practiced law in Oneida County, of that State,
and fifteen years in Illinois ; managed farms in that
State for twenty-five years ; was a member of the Illi-
nois " Constitutional Convention" of 1848 ; served in
the State Legislature in 1848, 1849, and 1850 ; was for
ten years engaged in managing railroads. In 1862 he
enlisted as a private in the Eighty-third Illinois In-
fantry, and, having been appointed its Colonel, served
with success at Fort Donelson ; was made a Brigadier-
General, and had command at Murfreesborough in
1863 ; in 1864 he was elected a Representative from
Illinois to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Manufactures, and on the Militia.
Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committees on the Union Prisoners, Claims, and the
Militia. Died at Monmouth, Warren County, Illi-
nois, July 19, 1874.
Harding f Benjamin F, — Born in Wyoming
County, Pennsylvania, January 4, 1823 ; studied law
in his native county, and came to the bar in 1847 ;
emigrated to Illinois in 1848, and during the follow-
ing year settled in Oregon ; in 1850 was chosen a
member of the Legislative Assembly ; in 1851 was
Chief Clerk of the Legislative Assembly ; in 1852 was
chosen a member of the Legislature and made Speak-
er. In 1853 he was appointed, by President Pierce,
United States District Attorney for the Territory of
Oregon ; in 1854 was appointed Secretary of the Ter-
ritory, which office he held until Oregon was ad-
mitted as a State. From 1859 to 1862 he was a mem-
ber of the State Legislature, serving the two last
years as Speaker ; and in 1862 he was elected a
Senator in Congress from Oregon, taking his seat dur-
ing the third session of the Thirty-seventh Congress,
serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs and that
on Public Lands.
Harding f Stephen S, — He was born in Indi-
ana, removed to Utah, and was appointed from that
Territory an Associate Justice of the United States
Court for the Territory of Colorado, residing in Den-
ver City.
Hardy f Samuel, — He was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress from Virginia from 1783 to
1785.
Hare, J". I, Clarli, — Born in Philadelphia in
1816 ; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania ;
admitted to the bar in 1841 ; was Judge of the Phila-
delphia District Court from 1851 to 1869 ; then Presi-
dent Judge. He was the editor of several law
books.
Haring, John, — He was a Delegate from
New York to the Continental Congress from 1774 to
1775, and again from 1785 to 1788.
HarhnesSf William, — He was born in Scot-
land, December 17, 1837 ; graduated at the Rochester
University in 1858 ; and in 1863 he was appointed
Professor of Mathematics in the Navy of the United
States, and assigned to duty at the National Observa-
tory.
Harlan, Aaron, — He was born in Warren
County, Ohio, September 8, 1802 ; received a good
English education ; adopted the profession of law,
and was admitted to the bar in 1825 ; in 1831 he was
elected a member of the State Legislature, and in
1838 and 1839 was elected to the State Senate ; was a
Presidential Elector, in 1844, from Ohio ; in 1849 was
again elected to the State Senate ; in 1850 was a
member of the * ' State Constitutional Convention ; "
and in 1852 he was elected a Representative in Con-
gress from Ohio, where he continued to serve the
people of his native district until the close of the
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Private Land Claims.
Harlan, Andreiv J, — He was born in Chester,
Clinton County, Ohio, March 29, 1815 ; received a
limited education ; studied law, but abandoned the
practice for politics. In 1842 he was elected Clerk
of the Indiana House of Representatives ; was
elected to the Legislature in 1846, 1847, and 1848 ;
and was elected a Representative in Congress from
Indiana from 1849 to 1851, and again from 1853 to
1855.
Harlan, James, — Born in Mercer County, Ken-
tucky, June 22, 1800 ; received a good English edu-
cation, and engaged in mercantile pursuits from 1817
to 1821. He then commenced the study of the law,
and was admitted to the bar in 1823. In 1829 he was
appointed Prosecuting Attorney for the Circuit in
which he resided, and held the office four years. In
1835 he was elected a Representative in Congress-
from Kentucky, and in 1837 was re-elected ; during
the last session he was Chairman of the Committee
for Investigating Defalcations. From 1840 to 1844
he was Secretary of State of Kentucky, and was a
Presidential Elector in 1841. In 1845 he was elected
to the lower branch of the Legislature ; and in 1850
he was appointed Attorney-General of that State,
which office he held until his death, which occurred
at Frankfort, Kentucky, February 18, 1863.
Harlan, James, — Lie was born in Clarke
County, Illinois, August 25, 1820 ; graduated at the
Indiana Asbury University in 1845 ; adopted the pro-
fession of law ; was Superintendent of Public Instruc-
tion for Iowa in 1847 ; was President of the Iowa
Wesleyan University in 1853 ; and was elected a Sen-
ator in Congress from Iowa in 1855, serving as Chair-
man of the Committee on Public Lands. On Jan-
uary 12, 1857, because of informality in his ap-
pointment, and after long debate, his seat was de-
clared vacant ; but on the 17th of the same month he
was elected by the Legislature for the term ending
in 1861. He was also a Delegate to the " Peace Con-
vention" of 1861. He was re-elected to the Senate
for the term ending in 1867. In March, 1865, he was
invited by President Lincoln to succeed Mr. Usher as
Secretary of the Interior Department. After the
death of President Lincoln he waived his right to a
seat in the Cabinet of President Johnson, but the ap-
pointment of the former was confirmed by the latter,
and on May 15, 1865, he resigned his seat in the
Senate and entered upon his duties as Secretary of
the Interior. In January, 1866, he was again re-
elected to the Senate for the term commencing in
1867 and ending in 1873, and in July he resigned his
position as Secretary of the Interior, the resignation
to take effect in the September following. He was
also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con-
vention " of 1866. In 1867 he was made Chairman of
the Committee on the District of Columbia, serving
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
187
on those on Foreign Relations, Post Office, and Pacific
Railroad. In 1869 lie was appointed President of the
Iowa University ; and after leaving the Senate in 1873
he became proprietor and editor of the Washington
Chronicle.
Harmanson, John H, — Born in Norfolk, Vir-
ginia, in January, 1803. He was educated at Jeffer-
son College, Mississippi, and having removed to
Louisiana, devoted himself first to one of the mechan-
ic arts, then to law, and afterwards to agriculture.
He served in the State Senate in 1844 ; and was elect-
ed to the National House of Representatives in 1845,
and re-elected in 1847 and 1849, ever keeping a watch-
ful eye upon the interests of his adopted State ; and
proposed in Congress a project to secure a grant from
the United States to Louisiana of all the submerged
lands in that State, with a view to their redemption
from that condition, and thus promoting the public
health. He died in New Orleans, October 25, 1850.
Harmarf tTosiah, — Was born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, in 1753 ; educated chiefly at Robert
Proud's Quaker School ; was made Captain of the
First Pennsylvania Regiment in October, 1776 ; was
Lieutenant-Colonel from 1777 until the close of the
war ; was in Washington's Army from 1778 to 1780 ;
with General Greene in the South in 1781 and 1782 ;
and made Brevet-Colonel of the First United States
Regiment in 1783 ; in 1784 he took the Ratification of
the Treaty of France ; he was Indian Agent for the
North-west Territory in 1785, and was present when
the treaty was made at Fort Mcintosh ; was Lieuten-
ant-Colonel of Infantry in 1784 ; brevetted Brigadier-
General by Congress in 1787 ; and General-in-Chief of
the Army in 1789 ; commanded an expedition against
the Miami Indians in 1790, and partially defeated
them; resigned in 1792; was Adjutant-General of
Pennsylvania from 1793 to 1799 ; and furnished the
troops for Wayne's campaign in 1793 and 1794. Died
in Philadelphia, "August 20, 1813.
Harmer, Alfred C — He was born in German-
town, Pennsylvania, August 8, 1825 ; received a pub
lie-school education ; commenced business as a shoe
manufacturer, and became a wholesale dealer ; was
elected a member of the City Councils of Philadel-
phia in 1856, and served four years ; was elected
Recorder of Deeds for Philadelphia in 1860, and
served three years ; was a Delegate to the National
Convention at Chicago ; and elected to the Forty-
second and Forty-third Congresses, serving as Chair-
man of the Committee on the District of Columbia,
and as a member of that on Weights and Measures.
Harnett f Cornelius, — He was a Delegate from
North Carolina to the Continental Congress, from
1777 to 1780, and signed the Articles of Confedera-
tion,
Harper f Alexander, — He was born in Ireland,
and, having emigrated to Ohio, was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from 1837 to 1839, from 1843 to
1847, and again from 1851 to 1853.
Harper, Francis J, — H§ was elected a mem-
ber of Congress from Pennsylvania, but died before
taking his seat, March 18, 1837, aged thirty-eight
years.
Harper, James, — He was born in Ireland in
1779 ; was a brickmaker, and, having emigrated to
Pennsylvania, was elected a Representative in Con-
gress from 1833 to 1837. He was also a prominent
member of the Masonic fraternity. Died in Philadel-
phia, March 31, 1872.
Harper, James C, — He was born in Cumber-
land County, Pennsylvania, December 6, 1819 ; re-
moved in 1831 to Ohio ; was raised on a farm, and re-
ceived a common-school education ; removed in 1840
to Caldwell County, North Carolina, where he engaged
in mercantile pursuits, but afterwards in farming ;
filled various county offices, and was elected to the
State Legislature in 1865, 1866, and 1868 ; was barred
by the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution
of the United States, but his disabilities were re-
moved by Congress in 1869 ; and he was elected to
the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on the Pacific Railroad.
Harper, John A , — He was a Representative in
Congress from New Hampshire from 1811 to 1813.
Harper f Joseph JVI, — Born in Limerick, Maine,
June 21, 1787 ; commenced active life by working on
his father's farm in summer, and going to the district
school in winter ; he was also at the Fryeburg
Academy, and taught school ; he studied medicine
and law, and practiced both professions ; and he was
a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire,
from 1831 to 1835. In 1858 was President of the Me-
chanics' Bank, Concord. For a short time in 1831 he
officiated as Acting Governor of New Hampshire.
Died in Canterbury, New Hampshire, January 14,
1865.
Harper, Robert Goodloe, — He was born near
Fredericksburg, Virginia, in 1765 ; was a graduate of
Princeton College in 1785, and for a time a teacher in
that institution ; removing to Charleston, South Car-
olina, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar of
that State ; he was a leading Representative in Con-
gress from South Carolina, from 1794 to 1801 ; he
subsequently removed to Baltimore, Maryland, and
was a Senator in Congress from that State, during
the years 1815 and 1816 ; in 1819 he visited Europe,
and on his return devoted himself to the cause of
the Colonization Society and to literary pursuits, pub-
lishing a number of interesting addresses and papers,
which were subsequently collected in a volume. He
served with credit in the War of 1812, having attained
the rank of Major-General. He died suddenly, Jan-
uary 15, 1825, having been engaged the preceding
day in the Circuit Court. Received the degree of
Doctor of Laws from Princeton College.
Harper, Samuel H, — He was a judge of the
United States Court for the District of Louisiana.
Harper, William, — He was a native of South
Carolina ; born January 17, 1790 ; graduated at the
South Carolina College in 1808, and became one of
the Board of Trustees of that institution in 1813 ;
adopted the profession of law ; served in the State
Legislature, and was elected Speaker of the Lower
House. He was a Senator in Congress from South
Carolina during the year 1826, and was appointed
Chancellor of that State in 1835. He was, in 1830,
elected a Judge of the Court of Appeals, and for a
time State Reporter. For domestic reasons, he spent
a few years in Missouri from 1818 to 1823, and while
there was made Chancellor of the State. He was an
eminent jurist, and died October 10, 1847.
Harriman, Walter, — Born at Warner, New
Hampshire ; w^as a school-teacher, and subsequently
a trader, and being an active politician, held several
important offices. In August, 1862, he became Colo-
nel of the Eleventh New Hampshire Regiment,
which he led through the Civil War. He was Sec-
retary of State of New Hampshire from 1865 to 1867,
and Governor of the State from 1867 to 1869.
Harrington, George, — He was born in Mas-
sachusetts ; became a citizen of Georgia ; was for
188
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
many years a Clerk in tlie Treasury Department,
Washington; Chief Clerk under his personal friend, S.
P. Chase; in 1861 he was appointed Assistant Secretary
of that department ; between the years 1865 and
1869 he was Minister Resident to Switzerland ; and
was subsequently President of a Telegraph Company
in New York City.
Harrington f Henry W* — Was born in Otse-
go County, New York, September 12, 1825 ; studied
law, and came to the bar in 1849 ; in 1856 he took up
his residence in Indiana and continued the prosecu-
tion of his profession there ; after serving in a local
Convention he was chosen a Delegate to the Charles-
ton Convention in 1860 ; and in 1862 he was elected a
Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land
Claims. He was a Delegate to the New York Con-
vention of 1868 ; and was subsequently appointed an
Assessor of Internal Revenue in Indiana.
Harrington, Samuel M. — Born in Dover,
Delaware, in 1802 ; graduated at Washington College,
Maryland, in 1823, and adopted the profession of law ;
in 1830 he was appointed Secretary of State of Dela-
ware ; soon afterwards Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of his native State ; after the change in the
Constitution, he went upon the bench of the Superior
Court ; became Chief Justice of the same in 1855 ;
and in 1857 he was made Chancellor of the State,
which position he held until his death, November 28,
1865. In 1854 he was at the head of a Commission
to codify the laws of Delaware ; in 1854 received the
degree of Doctor of Laws ; and was the President,
for several years, of the Delaware Railroad Com-
pany,
Harris, JBenjamin Gwinn, — Born near
Leonardstown, St. Mary's County, Maryland, Decem-
ber 13, 1806 ; after receiving an academical educa-
tion at Charlotte Hall, he spent a few months in St.
Mary's College, and went to Yale College, from which
he was dismissed with one hundred and forty others,
in 1829, on account of their seceding from Commons
Hall ; and although a compact was entered into that
they would not return unless their wishes were re-
spected, all of them did return, excepting Mr. Harris
and one other, a Georgian. He subsequently spent
fourteen months at the Cambridge Law School, and
then settled in his native county as a lawyer. In 1832
he was elected to the House of Delegates of Mary-
land, and re-elected in 1833, 1836, 1849, 1852, and
1856. With his profession and public duties he ever
combined agricultural pursuits ; and in 1863 he was
elected a Representative from Maryland to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Manufactures. He was a Delegate to the " Chicago
Convention" of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-
ninth Congress. In May, 1865, he was arrested and
tried by Court-martial for violating the 56th Article
of War, and, although declared guilty, the President,
on account of additional testimony, ordered the sen-
tence of the court to be remitted in full.
Harris, Benjamin W, — He was born in
Bridgewater, Massachusetts, November 10, 1823 ; re-
ceived an academic education ; studied law at the
Dane Law School, Cambridge, and admitted to prac-
tice at Boston in 1850 ; removed to East Bridgewater
in 1850 ; was a member of the State Senate in 1857,
and a Representative in 1858 ; was District Attorney
from 1858 to 1866 ; was Collector of Internal Reve-
nue for the Second District from 1866 until 1873,
when he resigned ; and was elected to the Forty
third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth,
serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs.
Harris, Cary A, — ^He was appointed in July,
1836, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, but only held
the office until October of the same year.
Hai^ris, Charles M, — He was born in Mun-
fordsville. Hart County, Kentucky, April 10, 1821 ;
received a common-school education ; adopted the
profession of law ; and, having become a citizen of
Illinois, he was elected, in 1862, a Representative
from that State to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Public Expenditures and
on Expenditures in the War Department.
Harris, Edivard, — He was one of the earliest
members of the Circuit Court of the United States
after its organization, and was appointed Judge of the
Fifth Circuit in 1802, by President Jefferson.
Harris, Elisha, — He was Governor of Rhode
Island for two years, beginning with the year 1847.
Harris, George E, — He was born in Orange
County, North Carolina, January, 1827 ; brought up in
Carroll County, Tennessee ; removed to Mississippi in
1844 ; studied law and practiced from 1854 until the
breaking out of the war in 1861 ; was opposed to se-
cession, but when his State severed her connection
with the Union he went into the Confederate Army,
and remained until the close of the war ; came home
and favored reconstruction ; was elected District At-
torney in 1865 and 1866 ; was elected to the Forty-
first and Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Com-
mittees on Military Affairs and Accounts. He was
subsequently chosen Attorney-General for the State
of Mississippi.
Harris, Henry It, — He was born in Sparta,
Georgia, February 2, 1828 ; removed to Greenville,
Meriwether County, in 1833 ; graduated at Emory
College in 1847 ; has been engaged in planting ; was
a member of the Georgia Convention in 1861, and was
elected to the Forty-third Congress, and re-elected to
the Forty-fourth, serving on the Committee on Mines
and Mining. In December, 1875, he was appointed
Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills.
Harris, Ira. — He was born in Charleston, Mont-
gomery County, New York, May 31, 1802, tracing his
lineage to the colony of Roger Williams ; when a boy
he labored upon a farm in summer, and attended
school in winter ; in his seventeenth year he entered
Cortland Academy to prepare for college ; graduated
at Union College in 1824 ; studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in Albany, where he settled. For
seventeen years he devoted his whole att«ntion to his
profession, in which he was eminently successful,
avoiding all political entanglements. In 1844 he was
elected to the State Legislature ; re-elected in 1845 ;
was a Delegate in 1846 to the Convention for revising
the Constitution of the State ; before the Convention
adjourned was elected to the State Senate ; in 1847
he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court, and held
the position twelve years and a half ; and in 1861 he
was elected, for six years, a Senator in Congress from
New York, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Private Land Claims, and member of the Committees
on the Judiciary, Foreign Relations, and Public Lands.
He was a member of the Special Joint Committee on
the Rebellious States. He was also a member of the
National Committee appointed to accompany the re-
mains of President Lincoln to Illinois. During his
sojourn in Washington he delivered an occasional
Lecture before the Law Students of Columbia Col-
lege by invitation of the Faculty. He was also a
Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Conven-
tion" of 1866, and to the " State Constitutional Con-
vention " of 1867. He received from Union College
the degree of LL.D., and in 1869 was acting President
of that institution. Died in Albany, December 2, 1875.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
189
Harris, Isham G, — He was born in Tennessee,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1849 to 1853. Was a Presidential Elector in
1856 ; also Governor from 1857 to 1861. Took part in
the Rebellion, after which he settled in Liverpool as
a merchant.
Harris, J, Morrison, — Born in the City of
Baltimore, in 1821 ; was educated at Lafayette Col-
lege, Pennsylvania, and studied law, being admitted
to the bar in 1843. He was a Presidential Elector in
1848, and in 1855 was elected a Representative from
Maryland in the Thirty-fourth Congress, and returned
to the Thirty-fifth Congress in 1857, serving as a mem-
ber of the Committee on Mileage. Also elected to the
Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Naval Affairs. He was also a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia " National Union Convention" of 1866.
Harris, tfohTi, — He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1807 to 1809.
Harris, JoJin ^1.— He was born in New York
in 1826 ; in 1846 he settled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
devoting himself to mercantile pursuits ; was Presi-
dent of the Marine Bank of Milwaukee ; removed to
Louisiana in 1864 ; was a member of the State Consti-
tutional Convention ; was a member of the Board of
Registration ; also of the State Senate ; and in 1868
he was elected a Senator in Congress from Louisiana
for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Commit-
tees on the District of Columbia and Printing.
Harris, John T. — Born in Albemarle County,
Virginia, in 1823 ; received a good English education,
going to school and working on his father's farm al-
ternately ; taught school for a while ; studied law,
and was licensed to practice in 1845 ; was a State
Elector in 1848. 1851, and 1855 ; a Presidential Elec-
tor in 1852 and 1856 ; was twice elected Attorney for
the Commonwealth ; and was elected a Representa-
tive from Virginia to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committee on Expenditures on the Public
Buildings. He was also elected to the Forty-second
and two subsequent Congresses, serving on the Com-
mittees on Claims and War Claims. In December,
1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Committee
on Elections.
Harris, Leavitt, — In 1813 he was appointed
Secretary of Legation to Russia, and while there,
acted also as Secretary of the Mission Extraordinary,
for entering into negotiations with England ; and in
1833 he was made Charge d' Affaires to France.
Harris, 3Iark, — He was born in Ipswich, Mas-
sachusetts, in 1779 ; removed to Portland in 1800 ;
went into trade as a grocer ; took an active part in
politics ; held the offices of County and State Treasurer
.for twenty years ; was a State Senator in 1816 and
1819 ; a State Councilor in 1820 ; served also in the
State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Maine from 1822 to 1823, for the un-
expired term of E. Whitman. Died in New York,
March 2, 1843.
Harris, Itohert, — He was born in Dauphin
County, Pennsylvania, apd was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1823 to 1827.
Harris, Sa^npson IV, — Born in Elbert County,
Georgia, February 23, 1809, and died in Washington
City, April 1,1857. He graduated at Franklin College
in 1828 ; adopted the profession of law ; served one
term in the Georgia Legislature, and then removed to
Alabama. He was there appointed Prosecuting Attor-
ney for the State ; and in 1847 he was elected a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Alabama, where he
continued until his death.
Harris, Thomas K, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Tennessee from 1813 to 1815.
Harris, Thomas L, — He was born in Norwich,
Connecticut, October 29, 1816 ; graduated at Trinity
College, Hartford, in 1841 ; studied law in Connecti-
cut with Governor Isaac Toucey ; was admitted to
the bar in Virginia in 1842, and during that year com-
menced the practice of his profession in Petersburg,
Menard County, Illinois. In 1845 he was chosen
School Commissioner for his county ; and in 1846 he
raised and commanded a company, and joined the
Fourth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, to serve in the
war with Mexico ; he was afterwards elected' Major
of the regiment, and owing to the sickness of his su-
perior officers, was chief in command during most of
the campaign. He was at the taking of Vera Cruz,
and served in the navy battery with a detachment
during the day of its terrible fire ; was also at Cerro
Gordo, and after the wounding of General Shields,
took command of the regiment, and was honorably
mentioned in government dispatches for placing a
twenty-four pounder battering cannon on the heights
of Cerro Gordo, during the night preceding the battle.
While absent in the army in 1846, he was elected a
Senator in the Illinois Legislature, and in 1848 was
chosen a Representative in Congress, serving through
the Thirty-first and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth
Congress ; during his second term he oflaciated as
Chairman of the Committee on Elections. He took
a special interest in the election in Illinois when he
was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; and it is
supposed that owing to his declining health, the
efforts he made to attend the polls were the more im-
mediate cause of his death, which occurred at Spring-
field, Illinois, November 24, 1858. His disease was
pulmonary consumption.
Harris, Townsend, — He was a citizen of New
York ; in 1855 he went to Japan as Consul- Gener-
al, and two years afterwards was authorized to nego-
tiate a treaty with that empire ; in 1868 he was pro-
moted to the rank of Minister Resident, and succeeded
in negotiating a treaty, and by his diplomacy won
special credit from his government ; and in 1861 he
was re-commissioned to the same office, and is credited
with having done much to cement the existing friend-
ship between the United States and Japan.
Harris, W, L, — He was appointed by the Act-
ing Governor of Mississippi, in 1851, to fill a vacancy
in the United States Senate, caused by the resignation
of J. Davis ; but it does not appear from the Journal
of the Seilate that he took his seat.
Harris, JViley P, — He was born in Mississippi,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1853 to 1855. Took part in the Rebellion.
Harris, William A, — He was born in Fau-
quier County, Virginia, August 8, 1805 ; received a
classical education ; he adopted the profession of law,
and practiced it for ten years ; he was twice elected
to the Legislature of Virginia ; was a Presidential
Elector in 1841 ; and a Representative in Congress
from Virginia from 1841 to 1843. He was editor
for several years of a journal called the Spectator, and
subsequently of the Constitution, published in Wash-
ington ; and in 1845 he was appointed by President Polk
Charge d' Affaires to Buenos Ayres, where he remained
until 1851. After the election of Mr. Buchanan to
the Presidency, he became the editor and proprietor
of the Washington Union, which continued in his pos-
session until he was elected Printer to the United
States Senate, which office he held for two years. In
190
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
1854 lie removed to Missouri, and died in Pike County,
March 28, 1864.
Harris i, William R, — He was a native of Ten-
nessee ; well educated ; a lawyer by profession ; long
a leading Judge of the Supreme Court of the State ;
and died at Memphis, June 26, 1868.
Sarrisoriy Albert G. — He was a native of Ken-
tucky ; a lawyer by profession ; and a member of Con-
gress from Missouri from 1835 to 1839. He died at
Fulton, Missouri, September 7, 1839, highly esteemed.
Harrison, Senjatnin. — Born in Berkeley
County, Virginia ; was educated at the College of
William and Mary ; after performing important du-
ties on local committees, he was elected to the Wil-
liamsburg Convention of 1774 ; was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress from 1774 to 1778, and signed
the Declaration of Independence ; in 1775 he was a
member of the Richmond Convention ; took an im-
portant part in organizing means of defense ; while in
Congress he served conspicuously on the most impor-
tant committees, and was very popular as Chairman of
the Committee of the Whole. He was a Councilor of
Virginia under the new form of government ; and he
was considered a Colossus in the cause of liberty and
human rights. He was a member and Speaker of the
House of Burgesses ; in 1782 he was elected Gov-
ernor of Virginia, and twice re-elected ; subsequently
served in the Legislature ; was a member of the Con-
vention called to ratify the Federal Constitution ; and
he died in April, 1791. He was the warm personal
friend of Washington, and the father of President
William Henry Harrison.
Harrison, Carter B, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Virginia from 1798 to 1799.
Harrison, Carter Jf.— Born in Fayette County,
Kentucky, February 15, 1825, and kinsman of Benja-
min Harrison of the Revolution. His early education
was obtained from his mother, but he graduated at
Yale College in 1845 ; he prepared himself for the
legal profession, but became a farmer ; subsequently
traveled in Europe ; graduated at the Law School of
Transylvania, and settled in Chicago, Illinois. After
the great fire in 1871, he was elected member of an
important Board of County Commissioners ; and in
1874, after his return from a second trip to Europe, he
was elected a Representative from Illinois to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
Harrison, Horace H, — He was born in Wilson
County, Tennessee, August 7, 1829 ; was liberally ed-
ucated ; was elected Clerk of the State Senate in
1851 ; studied law and admitted to the bar in 1857 ;
removed to Nashville in 1859 ; was appointed United
States District Attorney for Middle Tennessee in
1863 ; elected Chancellor in the Nashville Chancery
Division in 1866 ; was appointed Judge of the Su-
preme Court of Tennessee in 1867 ; resigned in 1868 ;
was an Elector for the State at large ; was again ap-
pointed United States District Attorney in 1872, and
elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the
Committee on Elections.
Harrison, John Scott, — He was born in Ohio,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1853 to 1857. He was the son of William Hen-
ry Harrison.
Harrison, JRichard, — Bom in 1750 ; was Au-
ditor of the United States for fifty- five years ; and
five years Consul to Cadiz. Died in Washington,
July 10, 1841.
Harrison f Michard A, — ^He was born in Eng-
land in 1827, and emigrated to Ohio in 1836 ; received
a good English education ; served for a time in a
printing-office in Clarke County ; graduated at the
Cincinnati Law School in 1846 ; in 1857 he was elected
to the Ohio House of Representatives ; subsequently
to the State Senate ; and he was elected a Represent-
ative from Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Invalid Pensions and the
Militia.
Harrison, Robert Hanson, — Born in Mary-
land in 1745 ; was a lawyer by profession ; succeeded
Joseph Reed as Secretary to Washington, November
6, 1775, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and con-
tinued in the family of Washington until the spring
of 1781. In November, 1777, he was appointed by
Congress a member of the Board of War, but de-
clined. He became Chief Justice of the General
Court of Maryland, March 10, 1781 ; and in 1789 de-
clined the appointment of Judge of the Supreme
Court of the United States. Died at his residence on
the Potomac, Charles County, April 2, 1790.
Harrison, S, S. — He was born in Maryland ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl-
vania from 1883 to 1887.
Harrison, William, — He was a Delegate from
Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1785 to
1787.
Harrison, Williatn Henry, — Was born in
Charles County, Virginia, February 9, 1773 ; was ed-
ucated at Hampden Sidney College, and afterwards
studied medicine. He received from Washington a
military commission in 1791, and fought under Wayne
in 1792. After the battle of Miami Rapids, he was
made Captain and placed in command of Fort Wash-
ington. In 1797 he was appointed Secretary of the
North-west Territory ; and in 1799 and 1800 he was a
Delegate to Congress. Being appointed Governor of
Indiana, he was also Superintendent of Indian Affairs,
and negotiated thirteen treaties. He gained a great
victory in the battle of Tippecanoe, November 7,
1811. In the war with Great Britain he was Com-
mander of the North-west army, and was distinguished
in the defense of Fort Meigs, and the victory of the
Thames. From 1816 to 1819 he was a Representative
in Congress from Ohio ; a Presidential Elector in 1821
and 1825 ; and from 1825 to 1828 United States Sena-
tor. In 1828 he was Minister to the Republic of Co-
lombia ; and on. his return he resided upon his farm,
at North Bend, Ohio. In 1840 he was elected Presi-
dent of the United States, by two hundred and thirty-
four votes out of two hundred and ninety-four, and
inaugurated March 4, 1841. He died in the Presi-
dential Mansion, April 4, 1841.
Hart, JEmannel JS, — Born in New York City,
October 29, 1811 ; entered early upon a mercantile oc-
cupation ; went to the Spanish Main as a supercargo,
and settled in New York as a commission merchant ;
served for a time in the Board of Aldermen ; was a
Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1853 ; he was
at one time a Lieutenant- Colonel of the State Militia ;
and was appointed by President Buchanan Surveyor
of the Port of New York. Mr. Hart has also fre-
quently been a member of the State and National
Conventions of the Democratic party.
Hart, tTohn, — Born at Hopewell, New Jersey,
1708 ; he had an ordinary education ; was a farmer ;
and for many years a member of the Colonial Legis-
lature of New Jersey ; was a Delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress from 1774 to 1777 ; and suffered much
from the loyalists, who used special exertions to take
him prisoner. He fled from his family, and wandered
through the woods from cottage to cottage, and from
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
191
cave to cave, constantly hunted by his enemies, so
that he never ventured to sleep twice in the same
place. The capture of the Hessians by Washington
allowed him to return to his estate, where he passed
the rest of his life. He was one of the signers of the
Declaration of Independence, and great confidence
was reposed in the wisdom and judgment of " honest
John Hart." He died at Hopewell, in 1780.
Hartf O, IB, — He was born in the North ; emi-
grated to Jacksonville, Florida ; and made Associate
Judge of the Supreme Court in 1868 ; was elected
Governor of Florida in 1872, and died at his home,
March 18, 1874.
Hart^ Mosivell, — Born in Rochester, New York,
in 1824 ; graduated at Yale College in 1843 ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1847, but never
practiced the profession ; devoted himself to mercan-
tile pursuits, and in 1864 he was elected a Represent-
ative from New York to the Thirty -ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs, Expen-
ditures in the State Department, and the District of
Columbia. He was also re-elected to the Fortieth
Congress.
Hartley, John F, — He was born in Maine ; was
for many years a Clerk, and also Chief Clerk, in the
Treasury Department ; in 1865 he was appointed As-
sistant Secretary of the Treasury, and resigned the
position in May, 1875. His reputation was that of a
most capable officer.
Hartley f Thomas, — He was born in Reading,
Pennsylvania ; served in the Revolutionary War as a
Colonel, from 1776 to 1779 ; was a lawyer of eminence ;
and a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania
from 1789 until his death, which occurred at York,
Pennsylvania, in 1800. He was one of those who
voted for locating the Seat of Government on the
Potomac.
Hartranftf John Frederick,— Born in Mont-
gomery County, Pennsylvania, December 16, 1830 ;
graduated at Union College in 1853 ; studied law and
came to the bar in 1859 ; entered the Volunteer Army
at the commencement of the Rebellion, and as Colonel
of the Fourth Pennsylvania, was in the battle of
Bull Run ; was also in the battles at Roanoke Is-
land and at Newbern ; was also in the second bat-
tle of Bull Run ; was in many other engagements,
and from 1864 he was a Brigadier-General, and had
command of a brigade at the battle of the Wil-
derness ; was brevetted a Major-General, and his
troops were the first that entered Petersburg. In
1865 he was elected Auditor-General of Pennsylvania,
and re-elected in 1868 ; and in 1872 he was' elected
Governor of Pennsylvania, and re-elected to the same
position in 1875.
Hartridf/ef Julian.— Re was a lawyer by pro-
fession, and a resident of Savannah, Georgia ; served
as a soldier in the Confederate Army ; after the Re-
bellion he entered into politics, and was elected, in
1874, a Representative from Georgia to the Forty-
fourth Congress.
Hartzell, William, — Born upon a farm in Stark
County, Ohio, February 20, 1837 ; in 1840 removed
with his parents, first to Illinois, then in 1844 to Texas,-
where he remained until 1853, and removed again to
Illinois, and settled in Randolph County ; graduated
at McKendree College, in 1859 ; was admitted to the
bar in 1864, and engaged in the practice of law ; was
elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Congress
from Illinois.
Harvey, James J^.— Born in South Carolina,
February 4, 1820 ; was chiefly educated by the Right
Rev. Bishop England, in Charleston ; paid some at-
tention to law ; and in 1842 was appointed to the
charge of the Loan OflRce in the United States Treas-
ury, which he organized. In 1844 he became con-
nected with the North American and United States
Gazette of Philadelphia, and became one of its editors,
and was its Washington correspondent for seventeen
years. He also corresponded with the New York Tri^
hune, and other journals. In 1861 he was appointed
by President Lincoln Minister to Portugal, and re-
mained in the position eight years, the Senate having
confirmed him without a single opposing vote. In
1870 he established a democratic paper in Washing-
ton called the Patriot, which he managed for one
year, when his health compelled him to retire, and
since that time he has devoted his attention to practice
before the various diplomatic Commissions for the
adjustment of Claims.
Harvey, James M. — Born in Monroe County,
Virginia, September 21, 1833 ; studied in the public
schools of Indiana, Iowa, and Illinois ; practiced sur-
veying and civil engineering as a profession, until he
removed to Kansas, in 1859 ; was Captain in the
Fourth and Tenth Regiments of Kansas Volunteer
Infantry from 1861 until 1864; a member of the Lower
House of the State Legislature in 1865 and 1866; and
a member of the State Senate in 1867 and 1868 ; was
Governor of Kansas from 1869 to 1871 ; was elected
to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy occa-
sioned by the resignation of Alexander Caldwell, and
took his seat in 1874, for the term ending in 1877,
serving on the Committees on Mines and Mining,
Mississippi Levees, and Public Lands.
Harvey, Jonathan, — He was born in Merri-
mack County, New Hampshire ; served seven years
in the two Houses of the State Legislature; was Pres-
ident of the Senate from 1817 to 1823 ; was a State
Councilor from 1823 to 1825 ; and a Representative in
Congress from New Hampshire from 1825 to 1831,
during his last term serving as a member of the Com-
mittee on Commerce. Died in Sutton, New Hamp-
shire, August 23, 1859, aged seventy-nine years.
Harvey^ L/Ouis F, — Born in East Haddam, Con-
necticut, July 22, 1820 ; removed with his parents to
Ohio in 1828 ; was educated at the Western Reserve
College ; in 1840 he settled at Kenosha, Wisconsin,
where he taught an academy and edited a newspaper;
in 1850 he removed to Rock County and entered into
active business ; was a member of the first State
Constitutional Convention ; was in the State Senate
from 1855 to 1857 ; was chosen Secretary of State soon
afterwards ; was elected Governor of Wisconsin in
1861 ; and while going to the army with supplies for
the wounded after the battle of Shiloh, was drowned
in the river Tennessee, April 19, 1862.
Harvey, Matthetv, — He was born in Hillsbo-
rough County, New Hampshire, in 1781 ; and was for
many years a member of the New Hampshire Legisla-
ture ; Speaker of the House from 1818 to 1821, and
President of the Senate from 1825 to 1828 ; a State
Councilor in 1828 ; Governor of the State in 1830 ; and
in 1831 was appointed Judge of the United States
District Court. His services as a Representative in
Congress from New Hampshire were rendered from
1821 to 1825. Died at Concord, New Hampshire,
April 7, 1866.
Harvie, John. — He was a Delegate to the Con-
tinental Congress from Virginia from 1778 to 1779,
and signed the Articles of Confederation.
Hashrouck, Ahrahatn, — ^He was a member
192
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
of tlie New York Assembly from Ulster County in
1781 and 1782, and again in 1811 ; and a Representa-
tive in Congress from 1813 to 1815 ; and State Senator
in 1822,
Hashrouckf Ahrafiatn B, — He graduated at
Yale College in 1810 ; and was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1825 to 1827. He was
a native of Ulster County, New York, but he spent a
few years of bis life in New Jersey, and was President
of Rutgers College, which office he resigned.
Hashrouckf tfosiah, — He was for four years a
member of the New York Assembly, and a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State from 1803 to 1805,
and again from 1817 to 1819.
Hascall, Augustus F, — He was born in Massa-
chusetts ; and was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1851 to 1853.
Haskell f William T, — He was born in Tennes-
see ; received a liberal education, and adopted the
profession of law ; he commanded, as Colonel, a Regi-
ment of Tennessee Volunteers in the war with Mexico,
having distinguished himself at Medelin and at Cerro
Gordo ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Tennessee from 1847 to 1849, and a Presidential
Elector in 1852. He died at Hopkinsville, Tennessee,
March 20, 1859.
Haskifif tTohn S, — Born at Fordham, West-
chester County, New York, August 7, 1821 ; educated
at a public school in New York City ; he was a lawyer
by profession ; held several important city offices
from 1846 to 1856, and was then elected a Represent-
ative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from New York,
officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Expendi-
tures in the Navy Department ; and was also elected
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of
the Committee on Public Expenditures.
Haslettf Joseph, — He was born in Delaware, and
was the son of John Haslett, who was killed at the
battle of Princeton in 1777. He was Governor of
Delaware from 1811 to 1814, and again in 1823 and
1824.
Hassaurekf Frederick, — He was a citizen of
Ohio, and from 1861 to 1866 was Minister Resident to
Ecuador.
Hassler, Ferdinand Mudolph, — Born at
Aernen, Switzerland, October 6, 1770 ; was introduced
in the country by Albert Gallatin ; was made Profes-
sor of Mathematics at West Point from February 14,
1807, to February 14, 1810 ; was Scientific Ambassador
to London and Paris, with the outfit and salary of a
Foreign Minister ; commenced the Coast Survey in
July, 1816, left it April, 1818, and resumed it August,
1832, and was director of that board. He made valu-
able contributions to the "American Philosophical
Transactions Relating to the Coast Survey." Author of
the " System of the Universe," 2 vols., 8vo., several
elementary works on Mathematics, and " Report to the
United States Senate on Weights and Measures in
1832." Died at Philadelphia, November 20, 1843.
Hastings, George, — He was born in Clinton,
Oneida County, New York, March 13, 1807; graduated
at Hamilton College in 1826 ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1830 ; he was District Attorney
for Oneida County nine years ; and he was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New York from 1853 to
1855. Late in the latter year he was elected Judge
for Livingston County, which office he held until his
death. Died at Mount Morris, Livingston County,
New York, August 29, 1866.
Hastings f tfoJin, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Ohio from 1839 to 1843, and died at
Columbus, December 29, 1854.
Hastings f Samuel Clinton, — He was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Iowa from 1846 to 1847.
He was a lawyer by profession ; was at one time a
Judge of the Supreme Court of Iowa ; and, having
emigrated to California, practiced his profession in
San Francisco.
Hastings f SetJi, — He graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1782 ; was a Representative in Congress
from Massachusetts from 1801 to 1807. After his ser-
vice in Congress, he was elected a State Senator in
1810 and 1814 ; was appointed Chief Justice of the
Court of Sessions ; and died in 1831, aged seventy
years, at Mendon, Massachusetts.
HastingSf William Soden, — He was fre-
quently a member of the Legislature of Massachu-
setts ; in the Senate from 1829 to 1834 ; a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1837 to 1842.
Died at the Sulphur Springs, Virginia, June 17, 1842.
Hatch, Israel T, — He was born in New York,
in 1808 ; was a member of the Assembly of that State
in 1852 ; and elected a Representative to the Thirty-
fifth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee
on the Militia, and as a member of the Committee on
Engraving. In 1859 he was appointed, by President
Buchanan, to examine and report upon the working
of the Reciprocity Treaty, and a few weeks later was
appointed Postmaster at Buffalo. Died at Buffalo,
September 24, 1875.
Hatcher, Hobert A, — Was born in Buckingham
County, Virginia, February 24, 1819 ; educated in
Lynchburg ; studied law, and licensed to practice in
Kentucky ; removed to Missouri in 1847 ; there fol-
lowed his profession ; was, for six years. Circuit At-
torney of the Tenth Judicial Circuit of Missouri ; was
a member of the State Legislature in 1850 and 1851 :
a member of the State Convention in 1862, and of the
Confederate Congress in 1864 ; and elected to the For-
ty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on sev-
eral Committees.
Hathaway, Samuel G, — Born in Freetown,
Bristol County, Massachusetts, July 18, 1780 ; received
a common-school education ; tried the sea as a sailor,
but gave it up ; in 1830 he settled in Chenango County,
New York ; was, for eight years, a Justice of the
Peace ; in 1814 and 1818 he was elected to the State
Legislature ; in 1822 to the State Senate ; and was a
Representative from New York to the Twenty-third
Congress. In 1852 he was a Presidential Elector ;
was a Delegate to the "Cincinnati Convention" of
1856 ; was for many years deeply interested in mili-
tary affairs, and attained the rank of Major-General
of Militia ; and, besides holding a great variety of lo-
cal offices, became one of the most extensive land pro-
prietors and farmers in his county.
Hathorn, Henry H, — Was born in Greenfield,
New York, November 28, 1813 ; received an academic
education ; was a merchant at Saratoga from 1839 to
1849 ; was largely interested in the hotel business
there, as one of the proprietors of Congress Hall, and
also owner of the Hathorn Spring ; was Supervisor
for Saratoga four years ; elected Sheriff of the County
in 1853 and 1862, serving six years ; and was elected
to the Forty-third Congress from New York, and re-
elected to the Forty-fourth.
Hathorn, John, — He was a member of the
State Senate of New York in 1787 ; a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1789 to 1791, and
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
193
again from 1795 to 1797 ; and was again elected to the
State Senate in 1804. During the latter year he was
a Presidential Elector.
Hattofif Robert, — Born in Sumner County, Ten-
nessee, in 1827 ; graduated at Cambridge University ;
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1849 ;
served in the Tennessee Legislature in 1856 ; and in
1859 was elected a Representative from Tennessee to
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee
on Expenses in the Navy Department. He served in
the Rebellion of 1861, and was killed at the battle of
Fair Oaks, before Richmond, in 1862.
Sauffhey, Thomas, — He was born in Glasgow,
Scotland, in 1826 ; emigrated to this country and settled
in Alabama in 1840, where he received an English and
classical education ; studied medicine and surgery,
and graduated as a physician in New Orleans, in 1858 ;
served as a Surgeon in the army of the United States
from 1862 to 1865 ; was subsequently Staff Surgeon
in the Military Hospital at Chattanooga ; was twice
compelled to leave his home on account of his devo-
tion to the Union cause ; was a Delegate, in 1867, to
the State Constitutional Convention ; and in February,
1868, he was elected a Representative from Alabama
to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Expenditures on Public Buildings.
Hailfiy H, P. — Born in Scott County, Kentucky ;
read law at the Transylvania University, of that State ;
and was admitted to the bar in 1839 ; he was, for a
time. Attorney for his native county ; removed to
Iowa in 1845, and was a member of the Convention
which formed the Constitution of that State in 1846 ;
removed to California in 1850, and was there elected
a County Judge ; and in 1859 was elected a Senator in
Congress from California, for the unexpired term of
the late Mr. Broderick. He served as a member of
the Committees on Indian Affairs and on Territories.
Died at Marysville, California, May 6, 1860.
Haven f Nathaniel jL, — He was a native of
New Hampshire ; graduated at Harvard University in
1779 ; was a member of Congress from that State from
1809 to 1811, and died March, 1831, aged sixty-nine
years.
Haven, Solomon G, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1851 to 1857. Died at Buffalo, New
York, December 24, 1861.
Havens f Harrison JE, — He was born in Frank-
lin County, Ohio, December 15, 1837 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; studied law in Illinois, and
practiced in that State and in Iowa ; removed to
Springfield, Missouri, in 1867, and became editor of
The Springfield Patriot; returned to the practice of
law in 1873 ; held several unimportant civil offices,
and served for a short time as a Captain in the army ;
was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con-
gresses, serving on the Committee on Territories.
Havens f Jonathan N, — He graduated at Yale
College in 1777, and was for nine years a member of
the New York Assembly from Suffolk County, and a
Representative in Congress from 1795 to 1799, the
year of his death.
Halves f Albert Q, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Kentucky from 1831 to 1837, and died
in Davis County, Kentucky, April 14, 1849.
HaweSf Aylett, — Was a Representative in Con-
gress from Virginia from 1811 to 1817. He was a
physician by profession, and died in Culpepper Coun-
ty, Virginia, August 31, 1833.
HaweSf Jticharcl, — He was born in Caroline
County, Virginia, February 6, 1797 ; removed with
his family to Kentucky in 1810 ; received a good col-
legiate education ; adopted the profession of law ;
was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1828,
1829, and 1836 ; and was a Representative in Congress
from Kentucky from 1837 to 1841.
HawkeSf James, — He was born in Worcester,
Massachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1821 to 1823.
HawJcinSf Henja^nin, — Born in Yates County,
North Carolina, August 15, 1754 ; was educated at
Princeton College, and was an excellent French
scholar, which occasioned his becoming a personal
friend of Washington, that he might act as inter-
preter in his intercourse with the French officers of
his army. He was with him at the battle of Mon-
mouth. In 1780 he was chosen Commercial Agent by
the Legislature of North Carolina ; and from 1781 to
1784, and 1786 to 1787, he was a Delegate in the First
Congress ; and as a Senator of the United States, un-
der the Constitution, from North Carolina, he served
from 1789 to 1795 ; and having been appointed by
Washington Agent for Superintending all the Indians
south of the Ohio, he retained that office until his
death, having tendered his resignation, without its
being accepted, to each successive President from
1796 to 1816. He was a man of superior abilities and
lofty character, and left behind him some valuable
writings on "Topography" and "Indian Character."
He was also one of those who voted for locating the
Seat of Government on the Potomac, and died June 6,
1816.
HaivkinSf Isaac R, — He was born in Maury
County, Tennessee, May 16, 1818 ; served as a Lieu-
tenant in the war with Mexico, and was present at
the capture of Vera Cruz ; was a Presidential Elector
in 1856 ; was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of
1861 ; was elected in 1862 a Judge, but on account of
the war was not commissioned ; from 1862 to 1865 he
served as an officer in the Union Army, and had
command of the Seventh Tennessee Cavalry ; was
captured by Confederates in March, 1864, and con-
fined in two different prisons in Macon, Georgia ; and
was one of the fifty officers placed under the fire of
the Federal guns in Charleston ; in 1865, after having,
been mustered out, he was commissioned Chancellor
for the Sixth Division of Tennessee ; and in 1865 he
was elected a Representative in Congress from Ten-
nessee to the Thirty-ninth Congress, taking his seat
near the close of the first session, and serving on the
Committees on the Militia and the Debts of Loyal
States. Re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first
Congresses, serving on the Committee on Military
Affairs, and Chairman of that on Mileage.
HatvMnSf George S, — He was born in New
York, and having become a citizen of Florida, was
elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth and!
Thirty-sixth Congresses from that State, serving on
the Committees on Private Land Claims and, on
Naval Affairs ; and he was a member of the Select
Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States.
He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National
Union Convention " of 1866.
Hawkins, Joseph, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1829 to 1851.
Hawkins, Joseph H, — He was a member of
the Kentucky Legislature from 1810 to 1813 ;. and
Speaker of that body in 1812 and 1813 ; a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State in 1814 and 1815.
Hawkins, M, T, — He entered public life in
194
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
1819 as a member of the House of Commons of North
Carolina ; was a member of the State Senate from
1823 to 1827 ; and a Representative in Congress from
North Carolina from 1831 to 1841. He served again
in the State Senate in 1846. He was also at one time
a General of Militia.
Hawkins f JPJiilemon, — Was born in North
Carolina, December 8, 1752 ; was a member of the
Assembly from Bute County before he was of age,
and represented the counties of Bute and Granville
for thirteen years, with but two years' intermission.
His last term was at Fayetteville in 1789. He was a
member of a troop of cavalry at the Battle of Alla-
mance, May 16, 1771 ; raised the first Volunteer com-
pany in Bute County for the War of Independence.
In 1776 was elected Colonel of a Regiment, and in
that capacity performed much service. He was the
last surviving signer of the State Constitution of
North Carolina ; in 1776 was a member of the Con-
vention which ratified the United States Constitution,
and frequently a member of the Executive Council.
He died at Pleasant Hill, Warren County, North
Carolina, January. 28, 1833.
HatvkinSf William, — He was a native of North
Carolina ; elected a member of the Assembly in 1805
and was Speaker ; took an active part in the War of
1812 ; and was Governor of North Carolina from 1811
to 1814, and died about that time.
Haivley, Cyrus M. — He was born in New
York ; removed to Illinois, and was appointed from
that State a Justice of the United States Court for
the Territory of Utah, residing at Salt Lake City.
Hawley, John IB, — Born in Fairfield County,
Connecticut, February 9, 1831 ; went to Illinois with
his parents when quite young ; studied law, and on
coming to the bar in 1852, settled at Rock Island ; in
1856 he was elected State's Attorney, serving four
years ; in 1861 he entered the Volunteer Army, and
as a Captain took an active part in the battles of
Forts Henry and Donelson, receiving injuries in the
last engagement which made it necessary for him to
retire from military duty in 1862 ; in 1865 he was ap-
pointed by President Lincoln Postmaster of Rock
Island, and removed the year following by President
Johnson ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative
from Illinois to the Forty-first Congress, serving on
the Committees on Public Lands and Freedmen's
Affairs. Re-elected to the two subsequent Con-
gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Claims.
Hawley, tToseph, — Born in Northampton, Mas-
sachusetts, in 1724 ; graduated at Yale College in
1742 ; began public life as a preacher, but devoted
himself to the law, and practiced many years in
Hampshire County, and became distinguished as a
lawyer and politician, and an advocate of American
liberty. From 1764 to 1776 he held a seat in the Leg-
islature, and was a member of all the important
Committees of the time, refusing an election as mem-
ber of the Council ; in 1770 was Chairman of the
Committee on Correspondence. In 1774 was Chair-
man of the Committee to Consider the State of the
Country, in the Provincial Congress, and was a mem-
ber of that body in 1775 ; he continued a member of
the General Court as long as health would permit.
Was an opposer of Jonathan Edwards, and effected
his removal from Northampton, but afterwards be-
came his warm advocate, and in 1760 wrote a remark-
able letter deploring the part he had originally taken
against him. Died in Northampton, May 10, 1788.
Haivley, Joseph Moswell, — Was born in
Stewartsviile, North Carolina, October 31, 1826; re-
moved to Connecticut in 1837 ; graduated at Hamilton
College, New York, in 1847 ; studied law at Cazeno-
via. New York, and Farmington, Connecticut, and
commenced practice at Hartford, September 1, 1850 ;
became editor of The Hartford Evening Press in 1857 ;
enlisted in the First Regiment Connecticut Volun-
teers, 1861, and commissioned a Captain ; served
three months, and engaged in recruiting the Seventh
Connecticut Volunteers, in which he was commis-
sioned Lieutenant- Colonel ; became Colonel in 1862,
Brigadier-General in 1864, brevetted Major-General in
1865, and mustered out in 1866 ; was elected Governor
of Connecticut in 1866, holding the office one year ;
returned to journalism as editor of The Hartford
Courant ; was President of the National Republican
Convention in 1868 ; and was elected to the Forty-
second Congress to succeed James L. Strong, deceased,
in 1873. Also elected to the Forty-third Congress,
serving on the Committee on the Centennial Exhibi-
tion, and he was also made President of the Centen-
nial Commission.
Haws^ J, H, Hohart. — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1851 to 1853.
Harvthorne, Nathaniel, — Born in Salem,
Massachusetts, July 4, 1804 ; graduated at Bowdoin
College in 1825 ; spent his early life on a farm, and
resided many years in Salem ; in 1832 he published
an anonymous romance, and tales and sketches for
The Token, which were afterwards published as
"Twice Told Tales." From 1838 to 1841 he was
weigher and ganger in the Boston Custom House ;
was one of the founders of the Literary Association
at "Brook Farm," in West Roxbury, and resided
there for a year ; then returned to Boston until 1834,
when he removed to the "Old Manse" at Concord.
From 1846 to 1850 he was Surveyor of the Port of
Salem. In 1846 he wrote "Mosses from an Old
Manse," and in 1850 published " The Scarlet Letter ; "
then settled in Lenox, and wrote the " House of the
Seven Gables ; " in 1852 removed to Concord, pub-
lished a life of his friend Franklin Pierce, and was
by him appointed United States Consul at Liverpool ;
resigned in 1857, and traveled in Europe two years.
His publications were numerous, and a complete edi-
tion was published in Boston. He died at Plymouth,
New Hampshire, May 19, 1864.
Hay^ Andrew K, — He was born in Massachu-
setts, and having become a resident of New Jersey,
was elected a Representative in Congress from 1849
to 1851.
Hay,, George, — He was a distinguished member
of the Virginia Legislature ; was for many years
United States Attorney, in which capacity he was the
prosecutor of Aaron Burr ; and was subsequently Judge
of the United States Court for the Eastern District of
Virginia. His political writings, signed " Horten-
sius," gave him some celebrity. He wrote a treatise
against the Usury Laws, " Life of John Thompson,"
and a treatise on Emigration in 1814. Died in Rich-
mond, September, 1830.
Hay, John B, — Born in Belleville, Illinois,
January 8, 1834 ; received a common-school educa-
tion ; worked on a farm, and then worked in a print-
ing-office ; adopted the profession of law ; was for
eight years a District Attorney for the State ; served
in the Union Army during the Rebellion ; and was
elected a Representative from Illinois to the Forty-
first Congress, serving on the Committees on Invalid
Pensions and the Post Office.
Hay den f Moses,— Ke was born in Hampshire
County, Massachusetts ; graduated at Williams Col-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
195
lege in 1804 ; and was a member of the New York
State Senate in 1829 and 1830, and a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1823 to 1827. Died
February 14, 1830, aged forty-four years.
HayeSf Alex^ander L, — Born in Kent County,
Delaware, March 7, 1793 ; before entering college he
was appointed Secretary of the State Senate ; grad-
uated at Dickinson College in 1812 ; studied law, and
came to the bar in 1815 ; practiced the profession with
success in Philadelphia, and was a prominent Judge
in several of the Districts of Pennsylvania for a pe-
riod of forty- two years. He was also one of the orig-
inators and managers of the Conestoga Cotton Mills,
and held many local offices of trust and honor. Died
at Lancaster, July 13, 1875.
HayeSf Hutherford JB. — Born in Delaware,
Ohio, October 4, 1822 ; graduated at Kenyon College,
Ohio, and at the Law School of Cambridge ; adopted
the profession of law ; was City Solicitor of Cincin-
nati from 1858 to 1861 ; Major and Lieutenant-Colonel
of the Twenty-third Ohio Volunteers in 1861 ; Colonel
of the same from 1862 to 1864, when he was appointed
a Brigadier-General, and during the same year was
elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-
ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private
Land Claims, and as Chairman of the Committee on
the Library. He was re-elected to the Fortieth Con-
gress ; resigned in the summer of 1867, and was soon
afterwards elected Governor of Ohio. In 1868 the
degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Gambler
College. In 1875, after a severe contest, he was
again elected Governor of Ohio, the opposing Candi-
date having been William Allen, who, as Governor,
had recently appointed him a Commissioner to the
Centennial.
Hayes, Samuel, — He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1841 to 1843.
Maymondf Thomas S, — He was born in Vir-
ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1849 to 1851.
Hayfnondf W, S, — Born in Harrison County,
Virginia, February 20, 1823 ; gained his education
mostly by his own industry and through books, with
some instruction at the common schools ; in this way
he mastered the higher branches of mathematics
taught school for two years, also devoted some time
to civil engineering ; studied medicine, and removed
to Indiana in 1851, and became successful in his pro-
fession ; in 1861 he entered the army as a Surgeon,
where he remained until 1863 ; defeated for the State
Senate in 1866 ; was elected President of the Indian-
apolis, Delphi and Chicago Railroad Company in
1872, 1873, and 1874 ; and was the projector of a rail-
road from Chicago to Charleston, South Carolina, and
elected President of the Company in 1873 ; in 1874 he
was elected a Representative from Indiana to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
Haynef Arthur J*.— He was born in Charles-
ton, South Carolina, March 12, 1790 ; received a good
education, and commenced active life in a counting-
house. He early formed an attachment for military
life, and on entering the army, rendered good service
during the last war with England, at Sackett's Har-
bor as First Lieutenant ; on the St. Lawrence as
Major of Cavalry ; in the Creek Nation as Inspector-
General, and also at the storming of Pensacola and
at New Orleans. After the war he studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in Pennsylvania. During
the Florida War he was again called into the field,
and had command of the Tennessee Volunteers, and
after receiving three brevets, retired from the army
in 1820. He subsequently served in the Legislature
of South Carolina, and was chosen a Presidential
Elector in 1828, voting for Jackson ; and he was ap-
pointed to a seat in the United States Senate from
South Carolina in May, 1858, in the place of J. J.
Evans. Died in Charleston, South Carolina, January
7, 1867. His brother, R. Y. Hayne, was also a Sen-
ator in Congress.
Hayne, Tiobert Y. — He was bom near Charles-
ton, South Carolina, November 10, 1791 ; his early
advantages for education were limited ; he studied
law with Langdon Cheves, and was admitted to the
bar before he was twenty-one years of age, attaining
a high rank as a lawyer. In the War of 1812 he held
the commission of Lieutenant. In 1814 he was
elected to the State Legislature, and in 1818 Speaker,
and was also Attorney- General of the State. He was
elected to the United States Senate in 1823, and con-
tinued there until 1832, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Naval Affairs. In 1832, as a member
of the ' ' Union and State Rights Convention " of
South Carolina, he reported the Ordinance of Nulli-
fication, and was soon afterwards elected Governor
of the State, serving until 1834. He was subsequent-
ly Mayor of Charleston, and President of the Charles-
ton, Louisville, and Cincinnati Railroad Company.
He died at Ashville, North Carolina, September 24,
1839. His abilities were of a high order, and he
acquired distinction by his participation in a debate
in the Senate with Daniel Webster.
HayneSf Charles E, — He was born in Bruns-
wick, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress
from Georgia from 1825 to 1829, and again from 1835
to 1839.
Hays, Charles. — He was born in Greene Coun-
ty, Alabama, February 2, 1834 ; educated at the Uni-
versity of Georgia and the University of Virginia ;
devoted himself to agricultural pursuits, and was one
of the largest planters in Alabama ; elected to the Con-
stitutional Convention of Alabama in 1867, and was
one of the framers of the Constitution of that State ;
was elected to the State Senate of Alabama in 1868,
and while a member was elected to the Forty-first
Congress. Re-elected to the four succeeding Con-
gresses, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs,
and Chairman of that on Agriculture.
Hays, L, Samuel. — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1843 to 1845.
Hay ward, Elijah. — He was born in Massachu-
setts ; and in 1830 he was appointed Commissioner of
the General Land Office in Washington, holding the
position six years.
Haytvood, William H., Jr. — Born in Wake
County, North Carolina, in 1801 ; graduated at the
University of North Carolina in 1819 ; studied law ,
entered public life as a member of the House of Com-
mons in 1834, continuing there three years ; in 1836
was Speaker of the House ; and a Senator in Congress
from 1843 to 1846.
Hazard, Ehenezer. — Born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, in 1745 ; graduated at the New Jersey
College in 1762 ; he was the last Postmaster-Gen-
eral under the old Government, having served as
such from 1782 to 1789. He was the author of two
volumes of Historical Collections, and also of a Re-
port on the Western Indians. Died in Philadelphia,
June 13, 1817.
Hazard, Jonathan, — He was a Delegate from
196
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Rhode Island to the Continental Congress in 1787 and
1788.
Hazardf Nathaniel, — He was bom in New-
port, Rhode Island ; graduated at Brown University
in 1792, and was elected a Representative in Congress
from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Died December
18, 1820, in Washington City.
Hazeltinef Ahner, — He was a member of the
New York Assembly in 1829 and 1830, and a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1838 to
1837.
HazelfoUf Gerry TV. — He was born in Chester,
New Hampshire, February 24, 1829 ; educated at the
Pinkerton Academy, New Hampshire, and was a pri-
vate tutor there ; studied law in New York ; removed
to Wisconsin in 1856 ; elected to the State Senate in
1860, and twice chosen President pro tern.; elected
District Attorney in Columbia County ; appointed
Collector of Internal Revenue in 1866, and removed ;
appointed United States Attorney for the District of
Wisconsin in 1869, and was elected to the Forty-
second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the
Committees on War Claims, Elections, and the Navy
Department.
Mazeltonf John W, — He was bom at Mullica
Hill, New Jersey, December 10, 1819 ; attended the
high school at Burlington ; was a practical farmer ; a
Delegate to the National Republican Convention at
Chicago in 1868 ; an Elector in that year ; and was
elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con-
gresses from New Jersey, serving on the Committee
on Agriculture.
Hazzardf David, — He was Govemor of Dela-
ware from 1830 to 1833.
HeaJy, tfoseph, — He was bom in Cheshire, New
Hampshire ; was a Representative in Congress from
New Hampshire from 1825 to 1829, and was a
member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims.
He was also a State Councilor from 1829 to 1832, and
State Senator in 1824. Died at Washington, New
Hampshire, October 10, 1861, aged eighty-five years.
Heath f James E, — He was born in Virginia,
and in 1850 he was appointed Commissioner of Pen-
sions, holding the office until 1853.
Heath f James JP. — He was bom in Delaware,
December 21, 1777. In 1799 he was appointed a
Lieutenant in the Regiment of Artillerists and Engi-
neers, which he resigned in 1802 ; he was Register in
Chancery at Annapolis at the commencement of the
War of 1812 ; he served through the whole war as
Aid-de Camp to General Winder ; in 1838 he was
wi'ecked on the steamer Pulaski, and spent five days
and nights afloat upon a piece of the wreck ; when nine-
teen years of age he fought a duel with Jolm Knight,
and received a ball which never left him ; and he was
a Representative in Congress from Maryland from
1833 to 1835, serving as a member of the Committee
on Commerce. He died in Georgetown, District of
Columbia, June 12, 1854.
Heathf John, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Virginia from 1793 to 1797.
Heath , Upton S, — He was a native of Mary-
land, and received a liberal education ; several of his
kinsmen were prominent in public life and he himself
held various local offices connected with the profes-
sion of law ; and he was for many years United
States Judge for the District of Maryland.
Heaton, David, — He was born in Butler
County, Ohio, March 10, 1823 ; received an acade-
mical education ; read law and was admitted to the
bar ; in 1855 he was elected to the Ohio Senate ;
in 1857 removed to Minnesota, and was elected to
the Senate of that State ; was t^vice re-elected ; in
1863 he removed to Newbem, North Carolina, where
he held a position under the Treasury ; in 1867 he
was elected a Delegate to the State Constitutional
Convention ; and in 1868 he was elected a Represent-
ative from North Carolina to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on the Committee on the Census ; re-elected
to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Elections, and Chairman of that on Coinage,
Weights, and Measures. Died in Washington, June
' 25, 1870. His last words were — " God bless the
colored people."
Hehardf William, — He was bom in Connecti-
cut ; and having settled in Vermont, was elected a
Representative in Congress from that State, from 1849
! to 1853. He was also Judge of the Supreme Court
I from 1842 to 1845 ; Judge of Probate for seven years ;
. served seven years in the two Houses of the Legisla-
ture ; and was two years Attorney for Orange County.
Heflin, Robert S, — He was bom in Madison,
Georgia, April 15, 1815 ; received a good education ;
served in the Creek War in 1836 ; was elected Clerk of
the Superior Court of Fayette County in 1836, and
re-elected in 1838 ; studied law and came to the bar
in 1840 ; was a member of the State Senate in 1840
and 1841 ; removed to Randolph Coimty, Georgia, in
1844 ; was a member of the Legislature in 1849, and
1860 ; was a Union man during the war of the Rebel-
lion, and in 1864, was compelled to leave his home
to save his life, passing through the lines to the
Union Army at Rome, Georgia, accompanying Gene-
ral Sherman's command to Savannah ; was appointed
Judge of Probate in 1865, and subsequently elected
to that office, which he held until the State was ad-
mitted into the Union ; was Republican Elector ; was
elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on several
Committees.
Heister^ Daniel, — Was bora in Berks County,
Pennsylvania, in 1747. He received a good English
education, and became a thorough business man. He
settled in Montgomery County, where he was active
during the Revolution, being Colonel, and afterwards
Brigadier-General, of the Militia, and in service. In
1784 he was elected to the Supreme Executive Coun-
cil of Pennsylvania, and in 1787 was appointed a Com-
missioner of the Connecticut Land Claims. He was a
member of the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Con-
gresses from Pennsylvania. After this he removed to
Hagersto\^'n, Maryland, and was elected from that
State a member of' the Seventh and Eighth Congresses,
during his attendance upon which last he died at
Washington, March 8, 1804. He was one of those
who voted for locating the Seat of Government on
the Potomac.
HeisteVf Daniel,— Son of John Heister, suc-
ceeded his father in Congress, and was a member of
the Eleventh Congress.
Heister f J'o/iii.— Brother of Colonel Daniel
Heister, was bom April 9, 1746, and was a member of
the Tenth Congress from Pennsylvania. Died October
15, 1821.
Heister f J^osci?/* .— Was born in Bern Township.
Berks County, November 18, 1752, and was brought
up to conduct a farm and a store. Inheriting a good
fortune, at the outbreak of the Revolution he equip-
ped a company himself, with which he joined the
army. He became a Colonel ; was a prisoner in the
BIOaRAPHICAL ANNALS.
197
Jersey prison-ship, where he exercised a liberal gen-
erosity in alleviating the sufferings of his fellow-
prisoners. He was a member of the Convention that
framed the State Constitution of 1776. He served
five years in the House and four in the Senate of
Pennsylvania, and as a member of the "State Con-
stitutional Convention " of 1790. He was a member
from Pennsylvania of the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh,
Eighth, and Ninth Congresses. In 1807 he was ap-
pointed one of the two Major-Generals to command
the Pennsylvania contingent, called for by the Presi-
dent. After this he retired from public life, but in
1814 his old constituency of Berks would again have
him in Congress, and elected him for the Fourteenth,
Fifteenth, and Sixteenth terms. In 1817 he was run
for Governor unsuccessfully, but three years after-
wards was elected, and served in that office until
1823, with great credit for a wise and honest admin-
istration of public affairs. Declining all solicitations
to the contrary, he now finally retired from office,
and spent the serene evening of an honorable life in
the midst of the people who loved him. He died at
Reading, June 10, 1832.
Heister, Williann* — Nephew of John and of
Colonel Daniel Heister, was born in Bern Township,
Berks County. He established himself in Lancaster
County, where he cultivated a farm, and by his in-
dustry, honesty, and good sense, recommended him-
self to the popular regard. He was a member of the
Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses ; of the
Convention of 1837 to revise the Constitution of
Pennsylvania ; and of the State Senate. Died October
15, 1853, aged sixty- two years.
Helm, John Larue, — Born in Hardin County,
Kentucky, July 4, 1803 ; when a lad was employed
in the office of the Circuit Clerk ; studied law ; was
admitted to the bar and was made County Attorney ;
i n 1826 was elected to the House of Representatives
of the State, and was a member of that body eleven
years ; was elected State Senator from 1844 to 1848,
and from 1865 to 1869 ; but resigned in 1867 to run
for Governor ; he presided in the Legislature seven
years ; was elected Lieutenant-Governor in 1848 ; and
was Governor from 1850 to 1852 ; in 1854 was made
President of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad ;
in 1867 ill-health prevented his being inaugurated at
Frankfort, and it was done at his residence in Eliza-
bethtown, September 3, and he died there September
8, 1867.
Helmiek, William, — Born in Jefferson County,
Ohio, September 6, 1817 ; received a common-school
education, and taught school for seven years ; studied
law and was admitted to the bar in 1845 ; in 1851 he
was elected a Prosecuting Attorney ; and in 1858 he
was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Com-
mittee on Post-Offices and Post Roads. He subse-
quently accepted a chief clerkship in the Interior
Department.
Helms, William., — He was an officer in the
Revolutionary army ; a Representative in Congress
from New Jersey from 1801 to 1811 ; and removing
to Tennessee, died there at an advanced age.
Hemphill, John, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from Texas from 1859 until that State seceded,
when he became identified with the great Rebellion.
Expelled from the Senate July 10, 1861.
Hemphill, tfoseph, — He was bom in Delaware
County, Pennsylvania, and was a leading member of
the old Federal party ; he was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1801 to 1803, again
from 1819 to 1827, and from 1829 to 1831. He distin-
guished himself particularly by a speech on the Judi-
ciary Bill in 1801 ; and was for some time Judge of
the District Court of Philadelphia. He died in Phila-
delphia, May 29, 1842, aged seventy-two years.
Hem2)stead, Edtvard, — He was bom in New
London, Connecticut, June 3, 1780 ; received a clas-
sical education from private tutors, and having stud-
ied law was admitted to the bar in 1801. After
spending three years in Rhode Island practicing his
profession, he removed, in 1804, to the Territory of
Louisiana, traveling on horseback, and tarrying for
a time at Vincennes, Indiana Territory. He first
settled at St. Charles, on the Missouri River, but in
1805 he removed to St. Louis, where he resided the
balance of his life. In 1806 he was appointed Deputy
Attorney-General for the District of St. Louis and St.
Charles, and in 1809 Attorney-General for the Terri-
tory of Upper Louisiana, which office he held until
1811 ; he was the first Delegate to Congress from
the western side of the Mississippi River, represent-
ing Missouri Territory from 1811 to 1814. After his
service in Congress, he went upon several expedi-
tions against the Indians ; was elected to the Terri-
torial Assembly, and chosen Speaker ; and he died
August 10, 1817. He was a man of ability, pure, and
without reproach, and his loss was deeply lamented
by all who knew him.
Hempstead, Stephen, — He was Governor of
Iowa from 1850 to 1854.
Hemsley, William, — He was a Delegate from
Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1782 to
1784.
Hendee, George Whitman, — He was born in
Stow, Vermont, November 30, 1832 ; received an
academic education ; studied law and admitted to the
bar ; was Prosecuting Attorney in 1858 ; a member of
the State House of Representatives in 1861 and 1862 ;
of the State Senate in 1866, 1867, and 1868, and
President pro tern, the last year ; was Lieutenant-
Governor of Vermont in 1869 ; was Governor in 1870 ;
and elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Con-
gresses, serving in the former on the Committee on
the District of Columbia.
Henderson, Archibald, — Born in Granville
County, North Carolina, August 7, 1768, and died
October 21, 1822. He was educated in his native
county, studied law, and rose to a high position at
the bar of his State. He was a Representative in
Congress from North Carolina from 1799 to 1803 ; and
subsequently elected to the General Assembly for
several terms. His learning was extensive, and his
character as a man above reproach.
Henderson, Bennett H. — He was a Represent-
ative in Congress from Tennessee from 1815 to 1817.
Henderson f John, — He was a lawyer by pro-
fession ; a General of Militia in Mississippi ; a Sena-
tor in Congress from Mississippi from 1839 to 1845 ;
and during the latter part of his life practiced his pro-
fession in Louisiana. After his service in Congress,
he was engaged in an unlawful expedition against
Cuba, for which he was tried, but acquitted by a
New Orleans jury. He died at Pass Christian, in
1857, aged sixty-two years.
Henderson, John B, — Was born in Virginia,
November 16, 1826 ; in 1836 removed with hi^ parents
to Missouri ; spent a part of his boyhocfd on a farm.
While obtaining an academical education, he taught
school for his support ; studied law, and came to the
bar in 1848, and was soon afterwards elected to the
State Legislature ; re-elected in 1856 ; and in the
198
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
same year chosen a Presidential Elector ; also in
1860. He was a Delegate to the Charleston Conven-
tion in 1860 ; had command for a time of a Brigade
of Militia. On the expulsion of Trusten Polk from
the United States Senate, he was appointed to fill the
vacancy, and in 1863 was elected for the full term
ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on the
Post Office and Post Roads, and those on the District
of Columbia, Finance, Expenses of the Senate, For-
eign Relations, and Claims, and as Chairman of the
Committee on Indian Affairs. He was also a Commis-
sioner to treat with the hostile tribes of Indians in
1867. In 1875 he was appointed to assist the District
Attorney at St. Louis to prosecute certain men who
had conspired to defraud the Government, when he
reflected on the President in severe language, and
was at once removed.
Henderson, John JET. D, — He was born in
Salem, Livingston County, Kentucky, July 23, 1810 ;
recei^ ed a good English education ; commenced active
life by adopting the trade of a printer ; was subse-
quently a preacher of the Gospel, and for several
years was devoted to agricultural pursuits. In 1864
he was elected a Representative from Oregon to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
the Pacific Railroad, Mines and Mining, Indian
Affairs, and the Special Committee on the Death of
President Lincoln.
Henderson f Joseph. — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1833 to 1837.
Henderson f J, JPincTcney, — Born in Lincoln
County, North Carolina, March 31, 1808. He re-
ceived a liberal education, but did not graduate, and
adopted the law as a profession, first visiting Cuba
for his health, and settling in Mississippi. He emi-
grated to Texas in 1836, and his first civil office was
that of Attorney-General of the Republic of Texas,
having been appointed by President Houston in 1836 ;
in 1837 he was appointed Secretary of State of the
Republic ; soon afterwards Minister Plenipotentiary
to England and France, clothed with the additional
powers of Commissioner to solicit the recognition of
the independence of Texas ; in 1838 he made a com-
mercial arrangement with England, and in 1839 a
commercial treaty with France ; in 1844 he was ap-
pointed- a Special Minister to the United States, which
mission resulted in the annexation of Texas ; in 1845
he was a member of the Convention which framed
the Constitution of the State of Texas ; in November
of the same year, was elected Governor of that State ;
and when tlae Mexican war broke out in 1846, as
Governor of the State, and by permission of the Leg-
islature, he took command in person of the Volunteer
troops called for by General Taylor, served six months
as Major-General, and distinguished himself at the
battle of Monterey, subsequently receiving from Con-
gress for his services, a vote of thanks and a sword
valued at fifteen hundred dollars. He was elected a
Senator in Congress in 1857 from Texas, but owing to
ill health, did not take an active part in its proceed-
ings ; and he died in Washington City, June 4, 1858,
deeply lamented by all who knew him.
Henderson f Zieonard. — Born in 1772 ; studied
law, and practiced in North Carolina ; was a Judge of
the Superior Court of that State from 1808 to 1816 ;
was one of the Judges of the New Supreme Court
when it was first formed, and in 1829 was appointed
Chief Justice. Died in Granville County, North Caro-
lina, A.ugust, 1833.
Henderson, Sainnel. — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1814 to
1815, for the unexpired term of Jonathan Roberts.
Henderson, Thomas, — He was a graduate of
Princeton College in 1761 ; was Judge of the Court
of Common Pleas ; a Delegate to the Continental
Congress from. 1779 to 1780 ; a Representative of
New Jersey in Congress under the Constitution, from
1795 to 1797 ; and was once Lieutenant-Governor of
that State.
Henderson, Thomas J, — Born in Browns-
ville, Haywood County, Tennessee, November 29,
1824 ; in 1836 removed with his father to Illinois ; re-
ceived an academic education, and spent one year at
the University of Iowa ; adopted the profession of
law ; from 1847 to 1849 he was a Clerk for County
Commissions ; served four years as the Clerk of the
County ; was a Master in Chancery ; in 1854 elected
to the State Legislature ; in 1856 chosen a Senator,
serving four years ; raised a Regiment of Volunteers in
1862, of which he became Colonel, and served until
the close of the war, and for a considerable time had
command of a brigade ; in 1864 he was severely
wounded at Resaca, and brevetted a Brigadier-General
in 1865 for services in Georgia and Tennessee ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1868 ; in 1871 was appointed
a Collector of Internal Revenue, holding the office
two years ; and in 1874 he was elected a Representa-
tive from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Hendricks, Thomas A. — He was born in
Muskingum County, Ohio, September 7, 1819 ; was
educated at South Hanover College ; studied law, and
completed his legal studies at Chambersburg, Penn-
sylvania, in 1843 ; settled in Indiana, and practiced his
profession with success. In 1848 he was chosen to
the State Legislature, and declined a re-election ; was
an active member of the Indiana "Constitutional
Convention " of 1850 ; and was a Representative in
Congress from Indiana from 1851 to 1855 ; he was ap-
pointed by President Pierce, in 1855, Commissioner of
the General Land Office, in which he was continued
by President Buchanan until 1859, when he resigned.
He was sulDsequently. elected a Senator in Congress
for the long term, commencing in 1863 and ending in
1869, serving on the Committees on Claims, Public
Buildings and Grounds, the Judiciary, Public Lands,
and Naval Affairs. In 1872 he received a majority
of the Democratic votes for the oflBce of President of
the United States.
Hendriehs, J flllia^n, —Bom m Westmoreland
County, Pennsylvania, in 1783. He was one of the
early settlers of Madison, Indiana, having removed
there in 1814. During his residence in that State he
filled many high and important offices ; he was Sec-
retary of the Convention which formed the present
Constitution of the State ; the first and sole Represent-
ative of Indiana in Congress from 1816 to 1822 ; Gov-
ernor of the State from 1822 to 1825, when he was
elected a member of the United States Senate, and
served until 1837. He was Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Roads and Canals. He died in Madison,
May 16, 1850.
Henhle, Eli Jones, — Born in Baltimore Coun-
ty, Maryland, in November, 1828 ; received an aca-
demic education ; taught school three years ; studied
medicine, and graduated at the University of Mary-
land in 1850 ; has devoted himself to his profession
and to agricultural pursuits ; was elected a member
of the House of Delegates of Maryland in 1853 ; was
a member of the State Constitutional Convention
in 1864 ; was a member of the State Senate in 1867,
1868, and 1870 ; re-elected to the House of Del-
egates in 1871 and 1873 ; in 1872 was Delegate to the
National Democratic Convention ; was one year Pro-
fessor of Anatomy, Physiology, and Natural History
in the Maryland Agricultural College, which position
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
199
lie resigned in 1874, and was elected a Representative
frotn Maryland to the Forty-fourtli Congress.
Henley f Thotnas J\ — He was born in Indiana
in 1810; was educated at the Indiana State College,
and pursued the occupation of a farmer ; lie was a
member of the State Legislature from 1832 to 1842 ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Indiana
from 1843 to 1849, having been the first native of
that State elected to that office. In 1849 he emigrated
to California, and was a member of the first Leg-
islature of that State ; he was for seven years Su-
perintendent of Indian Affairs for California, and was
subsequently appointed Postmaster of San Francisco.
Henfif Bernhart, — He was born in New York,
and, on emigrating to Iowa, he was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1849 to
1853.
Hennegarif S, K, — He was Acting Governor of
South Carolina in 1840.
Henry f tfaines,—^e yv&s a Delegate from Vir-
ginia to the Continental Congress, from 1780 to 1781.
He was a lawyer and a Judge, and died in Virginia in
January, 1805.
Henry f tfohn* — He was a graduate of Princeton
College in 1769 ; was for several years, from 1778, a
Delegate to the Old Congress ; a Senator in Congress,
under the Constitution, from Maryland, from 1789 to
1797, when he resigned, and was elected Governor of
Maryland in the latter year. He was one of those
who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the
Potomac. He died at Easton, December, 1798.
Hem^y, tTohn F, — He was the brother of Rob-
ert P. Henry, and was elected to Congress from Ken-
tucky, for the unexpired term of the same, from 1826
to 1827. He was borij in Scott County, Kentucky,
January 17, 1793 ; received his education at the
Georgetown Academy of Kentucky ; studied medi-
cine, and in 1813 was appointed Surgeon's Mate in
Boswell's Regiment of Kentucky troops, serving at
Fort Meigs. Subsequently graduated at the New
York University ; settled in Hopkins ville, Kentucky,
in 1822 ; and subsequently to his service in Congress
removed to Burlington, Iowa.
Henry, Joseph, — Born in Albany, New York,
December 17, 1797 ; received a common- school edu-
cation in Saratoga County, and, as an apprentice,
pursued for a short time the occupation of a watch-
maker, and was attached to a surveying party, to
mark out a State road from the Hudson River to Lake
Erie. In 1826 he entered the Albany Academy as a
tutor — Professor of Mathematics — and soon after be-
gan a series of experiments in electricity ; made vari-
ous discoveries in electro-magnetism, which were
described in Silliman's Journal as early as 1831 ;
in 1832 he was called to the chair of Natural Philos-
ophy in Princeton College ; in 1835 offered a Profes-
sorship in the University of Virginia, but declined ;
in 1837 he visited Europe, where he remained one
year, and his discoveries connected with the electro-
magnet were recognized, and resulted in establish-
ing the wonders of what is now called the tel-
egraph. In 1846 he resigned his honorable position
at Princeton, and became the Secretary or Director of
the Smithsonian Institution, which he holds at the
present time. His scientific writings, including his
elaborate Smithsonian contributions, reports, scientific
investigations, and discoveries, and numbering more
than fifty, have given him a world-wide reputation ;
and the great institution under his charge was entirely
organized, and has ever been conducted according to
his individual opinions, sustained by a Board of Re-
gents. He made a second visit to Europe for his health,
and received all the attention from the scientific
world, which was so eminently his due. Without
extra compensation, he has served the General Gov-
ernment in manifold departments, but chiefly as the
Executive head of the Light-House Board, of which
he was a member for more than twenty years. Aa
the head of several scientific societies, his influence
is universally recognized and appreciated. Long be-
fore he became identified with the Smithsonian In-
stitution, he published many valuable papers on
electricity and magnetism in the " American Philos-
ophical Transactions," SiilimaTh's Journal of Science,
and the Journal of the American Institute. The
two principal learned societies over which he was
called to preside as President, were the National
Academy of Sciences, and the American Association
for the Advancement of Education.
Henry, Patricia. — Born in Studley, Hanover
County, Virginia, May 29, 1736 ; his education was
neglected until he had reached the age of manhood,
and was a husband and father ; then it was that he
began to study law, and was soon admitted to prac-
tice ; in 1764 he made his first striking effort as an
advocate and an orator, and from that year became
famous. He was the first man of mark in Virginia
to declare against the usurpations of Britain. In
1765 he was chosen to the Virginia Assembly, and
there introduced a set of remarkable resolutions, sup-
porting them with a speech of surpassing ability ;
and from that time he was hailed as the great advo-
cate of human rights and rational liberty. He was
elected a Delegate from Virginia to the Continental
Congress, from 1774 to 1776 ; there distinguished
himself as an orator ; and signed the Declaration of
Independence. He was a Delegate to the " Richmond ,
Convention " of 1777, and again electrified the peo-
ple by his eloquence ; in 1776 he was elected Gov-
ernor of Virginia, re-elected, and then declined a re-
election ; from 1780 to 1791 he served in the Assem-
bly of the State ; was a member in 1788 of the Con-
vention to ratify the Federal Constitution, to which
he was opposed ; in 1795 Washington tendered to
him the office of Secretary of State, but he preferred
the retirement of home, and declined it ; was again
elected Governor in 1796, but declined to serve ; in
1799 President Adams offered him the mission to
France, but his declining health compelled him to
decline that honor also ; and on June 6, of that
year, he died. Evidences of his splendid intellect
are abundant and " familiar as household words," and
a tribute that he paid to the Christian religion, in
his will, is, for beauty and force, without a parallel
in the English language.
Henry, Mobert JP, — Born in Scott County, Ken-
tucky, November 24, 1788 ; graduated at the Univer-
sity of Transylvania ; studied law with Henry Clay,
and was admitted to the bar in 1809 ; served that year
as Prosecuting Attorney for his district ; served in
the War of 1812, as an Aid-de-Camp to his father,
Major-General William Henry ; subsequently settled
in Christian County, and became Prosecuting Attor-
ney for that circuit ; was a Director of the Princeton
Branch of the Commonwealth Bank ; and was elected
a Representative in Congress from Kentucky, for the
term from 1823 to 1827. As a member of the Com-
mittee on Roads and Canals, he obtained the first
appropriation ever granted for improving the Missis-
sippi River. While in Congress he received the ap-
pointment of Judge of the Court of Appeals, which
he declined ; and he died of fever, August 25, 1826,
before the expiration of his term in Congress.
Henry, Thomas, — Born in Ireland in 1785. He
served his adopted State, Pennsylvania, in Congress
200
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
from 1837 to 1843. Died in Beaver County, Pennsyl-
vania, February 27, 1849.
Henry f Willictm, — He was a Delegate from
Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1784
to 1786.
Henry f TVilliam, — He was born in New Hamp-
shire, and having settled in Vermont, devoted himself
to mercantile pursuits. Was for many years Cashier
of the Bank of Bellows Falls, where he resides ; was
elected a Representative in Congress from Vermont
from 1847 to 1853, accomplishing much work as a
member of several Committees.
HenshaWf David, — Born in Leicester, Massa-
chusetts, April 2, 1791 ; his father was a patriot of
the Revolution ; he received a common-school educa-
tion ; while yet a young man he went into the drug
business, but devoted much of his attention to writing
on politics ; he was for nine years Collector of Cus-
toms for the Port of Boston ; was appointed in 1843
by President Tyler Secretary of the Navy, and after
holding the office for nearly a year, was rejected by
the Senate. He took an important part in the earlier
railroad operations of this State, and was one of the
projectors of the Boston and Worcester and Providence
Railroads. Died in Leicester, November 11, 1852.
HensoUf Abraham, — He was a citizen of Wis-
consin, and in 1863 he was appointed a Commissioner
and Consul -General to Liberia, and died at his post of
duty, July 20, 1866.
Herbert^ fTohn C. — He was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland from 1815 to 1819, and a
Presidential Elector in 1824.
Herbert, Paul, — Born in Louisiana ; graduated
first in his class at West Point in 1840 ; entered the
engineers ; was acting Professor of Engineering at
West Point in 1841 and 1842 ; resigned in 1845 ; was
Chief Engineer of the State of Louisiana from 1845
to 1847 ; re-entered the service as Lieutenant-Colonel
of Fourteenth Infantry ; was brevetted Colonel for gal-
lantry at Moliuo del Rey ; and commanded his regi-
ment after his Colonel was killed at Chapultepec. He
was Governor of Louisiana from 1853 to 1858 ; was
made Brigadier-General in the Southern Army in
1861 ; commanded the Louisiana forces, and was
taken prisoner at the battle of Pea Ridge in 1862.
Herbert, Philip T, — Born in Alabama, and
was a Representative in Congress from California
from 1855 to 1857.
Hereford, FranJc, — He was born in Fauquier
County, Virginia, July 4, 1825 ; was liberally edu-
cated ; studied law, and removed to California ; was
District Attorney of Sacramento County from 1855 to
October, 1857 ; settled in West Virginia; was elected
to the Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth
Congresses from West Virginia, serving on the Com-
mittees on Public Lands, Militia, and Territories. In
December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the
Committee on Commerce.
Herkimer, John, — Born in Herkimer County,
New York, in 1773 ; was for many years a Judge of
the Circuit Court ; and a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1817 to 1819, and again from
1823 to 1825. Died at Danube, New York, June 8,
1845.
Hernandez, Joseph M, — He was one of the
prominent Spanish citizens who remained in the Ter-
ritory of Florida at the time of its transfer to the
United States. He was the first Delegate to Congress
from Florida, and subsequently a leading member and
presiding officer of the Territorial Legislature. At
the breaking out of the Indian hostilities, he was
made a Brigadier-General in the United States service.
He was a man of refined and elegant manners; re-
sided at St. Augustine ; and died near Matanzas,
Cuba, June 8, 1857, at an advanced age.
Herndon, William Lewis, — Born in Freder-
icksburg, Virginia, October 25, 1813 ; entered the
navy at the age of fifteen ; took part in the Mexican
War ; was an assistant at the National Observatory as
an assistant to his brother-in-law, M. F. Maury ; in 1851
he was sent by the Government to explore the Ama-
zon River, of which an account was published in
1853 ; and he was lost at sea by the sinking of the
Steamer Central America, on her way from Cuba to
New York, September 12, 1857.
Herndon, William S, — He was born in Rome,
Georgia, November 27, 1837 ; removed with his
father to Texas, in 1852 ; educated at McKenzie Col-
lege, Texas ; studied law, and began to practice in
I860 ; enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861, and
remained until the close of the war; resumed the
practice of the law in Smith County ; and was elected
to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serv-
ing on the Committees of Agriculture and Public
Lands.
Herod, William, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Indiana from 1837 to 1839.
HerricU, Anson, — He was born in Lewiston,
Maine, January 21, 1812 ; received a common-school
education ; at the age of fifteen years he was appren-
ticed to the business of a printer ; settled in New
York City in 1836, and continued in the same employ-
ment until 1838, when he commenced the publication
of a weekly journal now called the New York Atlas,
of which he has since been the editor and proprietor.
In 1853 he was chosen one of the Aldermen of the
City, and served three years ; and by President Bu-
chanan he was appointed Naval Storekeeper for New
York, which he held until 1861. In 1862 he was
elected a Representative from New York to the Thir-
ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on
Revolutionary Pensions, and Expenditures in the
Navy Department. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866 ;
and died in New York, February 6, 1868. Ebenezer
Herrick, who served in Congress from 1821 to 1827,
was his father.
Hervick, Ebenezer, — He was born in Lincoln
County, Maine, and was a Representative in Congress
from Maine from 1821 to 1827, and died at Lewiston,
in that State, May 7, 1839. In 1820 he held the office
of Secretary of the State Senate, and was a State
Senator in 1828 and 1829.
HerricU, Joshua, — He was born in Beverly,
Essex County, Massachusetts, in 1794 ; received a
common-school education ; removed to Maine, and be-
came a Sheriff in that State ; was Deputy Collector
of the port of Kennebunk from 1829 to 1841 ; was
Chairman of a Board of County Commissioners from
1842 to 1843 ; and was a Representative in Congress
from Maine, from 1843 to 1845, serving on the Com-
mittees on Naval Affairs and Accounts. He was
again Deputy Collector of Kennebunk from 1847 to
1849, and from 1850 to 1854 ; and in 1856 he was
Register of Probate for York County, State of Maine,
HerricU, Pichard P. — Born in Rensselaer
County, New York, in 1791 ; was a man of remark-
able business enterprise ; and a member of Congress
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
201
from New York, from 1845 to the time of his death,
which occurred at Washington, June 32, 1846.
HerricJCf Samuel, — He was born in Dutchess
County, New York, April 14, 1779. He read law at
Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was admitted to the bar
in 1805 ; in 1810 he settled at Zanesville, Ohio, and
was appointed Collector of Taxes for that County ;
soon afterwards Prosecuting Attorney for the same
county ; and soon after that, by President Madison,
was appointed United States District Attorney for
Ohio ; in 1812 he was appointed one of a Board of
Commissioners for settling the N^orth-western bound-
ary line ; in the autumn of that year he succeeded
Lewis Cass as Prosecuting Attorney for Muskingum
County ; in 1814 he was appointed to the same office
in Licking County ; and he was a Representative in
Congress from Ohio from 1817 to 1821. After his
first election his seat was contested by Charles Ham-
mond, but the House sustained his claim. He was a
Presidential Elector in 1828, and in 1829 was ap-
pointed by President Jackson United States District
Attorney for Ohio. The remainder of his life was
spent in retirement, and he died in December, 1851.
Herring^ Elbert, — Even if this man had not
served his country faithfully as a jurist, the fact that
his life was coeval with the century to which this
book is devoted would give him a place therein. He
was born in Connecticut, July 8, 1777 ; received an
academical education at the Greenfield Academy ;
and in his fourteenth year he entered Princeton Col-
lege, where he graduated in 1795. He. studied law
with Samuel Jones of New York, and not only prac-
ticed with success, but was for many years an hon-
ored Judge of what was called the Marine Court ; and
as an evidence of his high position and character it
may be stated that he was selected to deliver the
funeral orations on the death of George Clinton, as
well as De Witt Clinton, with both of whom he was
on intimate terms. On his ninety-ninth birthday, a
large number of distinguished people called to pay
their respects to him at his residence, and he greatly
edified them with his conversation about the olden
times. At his suggestion, a brief religious service
was held under his roof, when the 71st and 91st
Psalms were read, appropriate prayers offered, and
Addison's famous Hymn on the Mercies of God
was sung, and the company separated. At that time,
Mr. Herring was considered the oldest living lawyer
in the world. It was one of his sons who invented
an iron safe, which acquired celebrity and brought
him a fortune.
Hersey, Samuel F, — Born in Sumner, Maine,
April 12, 1812 ; received an academic education ; was
a merchant, and engaged in banking, and largely in-
terested in the lumber business in Maine, Minnesota,
and Wisconsin ; was a member of the Legislature
of Maine in 1842, 1857, 1865, 1867, and 1869, and of
the Executive Council in 1851 and 1852 ; was a Dele-
gate to the National Republican Convention at Chi-
cago in 1860 ; also at Baltimore in 1864 ; and was
a member of the National Republican Committee
from 1864 to 1868, and was elected to the Forty-third
and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on important
Committees. He died at Bangor, February 3, 1875.
HeweSf Joseph, — He was born near Kingston,
New Jersey, in 1730 ; was educated at the Princeton
School ; settled in Philadelphia as a merchant ; when
thirty years of age located at Edenton, North Caro-
lina ; served in the Assembly of the Province ; was a
Delegate from North Carolina to the Continental Con-
gress from 1774 to 1777, and again in 1779, and signed
the Declaration of Independence ; and he was de facto
the first Secretary of the Navy. Died in Philadelphia,
November 10, 1779.
Hewitt, Abram Stevens, — Born in Rockland
County, New York, July 30, 1822 ; attended the com-
mon schools of this city ; on competition gained a
scholarship in Columbia College, whence he gradu-
ated in 1842 ; was for a time tutor of mathematics ;
studied law and came to the bar in 1845 ; on account
of impaired vision gave up the profession ; in connec-
tion with Peter Cooper engaged in the manufacture of
iron ; in connection vnth Edward Cooper, his brother-
in-law, established extensive steel and iron works in
New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and was a Scientific
Commissioner to the Paris Exposition in 1867. Dur-
ing the Rebellion in 1862 he was sent to England on a
confidential mission to learn the process of making
gun-barrel iron ; at a heavy loss to his firm furnished
the Government with much war material ; in 1859 he
organized the Cooper Union for the Advancement of
Science and Art, which has been eminently success-
ful ; was somewhat active in politics, and Chairman
of the Democratic General Committee of the City of
New York ; and in 1874 he was elected a Representa-
tive to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Hewitt, C, C, — He was born in New York, and
having emigrated to Washington Territory, was ap-
pointed Chief Justice of the United States Court for
that district, residing at Vancouver.
Hewitt, Goldsmith W, — Born in Jefferson
County, Alabama, February 14, 1834 ; received an
academic education, studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1856 ; entered the Confederate Army in 1861,
and was wounded in the battle of Chickamauga in
1863 ; in 1870 was elected to the State Legislature ;
in 1872 was made State Senator, and served two ses-
sions, but resigned in 1874 to accept the nomination as
Representative from Alabama to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress, and was elected to that position.
Heyward, Thomas, — Born in the Parish of St.
Luke, South Carolina, in 1746 ; received a classical
education, and studied law; finishing his legal stud-
ies at the Temple, in London ; on his return from a
tour in Europe he was elected to the Assembly in
North Carolina ; he was a Delegate to the Continental
Congress from 1776 to 1798, and signed the Declara-
tion of Independence and the Articles of Confedera-
tion ; was subsequently a Judge of the Civil and
Criminal Courts of the State ; he commanded a
company of artillery at the battle of Beaufort,
and was wounded ; served also at Savannah and
Charleston ; at the latter place he was taken prisoner,
and while confined at St. Augustine his property was
pillaged and his wife died ; he was subsequently a
member of the Convention that formed the Constitu-
tion of South Carolina in 1790. He died in March,
1809.
Hey ward, Williafn, Jr, — He graduated at
Princeton College in 1808 ; and was a Representative
in Congress from Maryland from 1823 to 1825.
Hibbard, JEllery A. — Was born in St. Johns-
bury, Vermont, July 31, 1826 ; received an academic
education ; studied and practiced law ; was Clerk of
the State House of Representatives in 1852, 1853, and
1854 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1865
and 1866, and elected to the Forty-second Congress ;
at the close of his term in Congress, he was appointed
a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire,
and served as such until 1874 ; he declined a new ap-
pointment under the revised Judiciary system, prefer-
ring to follow his profession.
Hibbard, Harry, — He was bom in Vermont ;
graduated at Dartmouth College in 1835 ; was Assist-
ant Clerk of the New Hampshire House of Repre-
sentatives in 1839 ; Clerk of the same from 1840 to
202
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
1843 ; Speaker of the House in 1844 and 1845 ; in the
State Senate from 1846 to 1849, oflBciating two years
as President ; and was a Representative in Congress
from New Hampshire from 1849 to 1855. Died at
Somersville, July 27, 1872.
Hibshmafif tTacob, — He was born in Lancas-
ter, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1819 to 1821.
Hichei/f Thomas M, — He was a native of Ken-
tucky, and liberally educated ; long engaged in the
practice of law ; and was for a considerable time a
leading Circuit Judge of Kentucky. Died at Lexing-
ton, December 29, 1842.
Hickman, Jolm, — Born in Chester County,
Pennsylvania, near the Brandywine battle-ground,
September 11, 1810 ; received a thorough mathemati-
cal and classical education ; commenced the study of
medicine ; but finding his health too feeble for the
dissecting-room, he studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1833 ; he was a Delegate to the Democratic
Baltimore Convention of 1844; in 1845 he was ap-
pointed District Attorney for Chester County, holding
the office fifteen months ; in 1854 he was elected
a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-
fourth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elec-
tions ; re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving
as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary
Pensions ; to the Thirty -sixth Congress, and was
Chairman of the Judiciary Committee ; and to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, again serving as Chairman
of the Judiciary Committee. He declined a re-elec-
tion to the Thirty-eighth Congress, but was subse-
quently, in 1867, a member of the Pennsylvania Legis-
lature. Died at Westchester, March 23, 1875.
Hichs, Thomas Holly day, — He was born in
Dorchester County, Maryland, September 2, 1798 ;
received a plain English education ; worked on his
father's farm when a boy ; served for a time as
Constable and SherifE of his County, and subse-
quently devoted himself to mercantile pursuits.
In 1836 he was elected to the Electoral College of
the State ; was also a member of the Governor's
Council ; in 1838 was appointed Register of Wills ;
was a member of the " State Constitutional Con-
vention " of 1849 ; frequently served in the Legisla-
ture of the State ; was Governor thereof from 1858 to
1862 ; and was appointed a Senator in Congress in the
place of James A. Pearce, deceased, taking his seat
during the third session of the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, and was elected for the term ending in 1867,
serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs, and that
on Claims. He died in Washington City, February
13, 1865, and will ever be remembered as a true patriot
for his firmness during the earlier troubles of the Re-
bellion.
Hiester, Isaac EllmaTxer, — He was born in
Lancaster County, Pennsylvania ; received a good
classical education ; graduated with honors at Yale
College, and studied law. He was a member of the
Thirty-third Congress, in which he expressed opinions
upon the slavery question not in harmony with those
of his constituency. At the next election he was de-
feated, and resumed the practice of law with distin-
guished success. He was the son of William Heister,
M. C. , but changed the spelling of his name. Died at
Lancaster, February 6, 1871.
Highy, William, — Was born in Essex County,
New York, August 18, 1813 ; spent his boyhood on a
farm, and subsequently engaged in the lumber and
iron business ; graduated at the University of Ver-
mont in 1840 ; adopted the profession of law, which
he practiced in his native county until 1850 j during
that year he emigrated to California, and was District
Attorney of Calaveras County from 1853 to 1859 ; in
1862 he was a member of the State Senate ; and in
1863 was elected a Representative from California to
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tees on Public Lands and Expenditures in the Navy
Department ; re-elected to the Thirty -ninth Con-
gress. He was also a member of the Special Com-
mittee to visit the Indian tribes of the West in 1865,
and of the Committees on the Death of President
Lincoln and Appropriations. He was also a Delegate
to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.
Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman
of the Committee on Mines and Mining.
Higginsofif Stephen, — He was a Delegate from
Massachusetts to the Continental Congress, in 1782
and 1783.
Hilgardf tTulius JE, — He was born in Zweibrll-
chen, Germany, January 7, 1825 ; emigrated to the
United States in 1835 with his father, by whom he
was educated in letters and science, at his home in
Illinois ; studied civil engineering in Philadelphia,
and entered the service of the Coast Survey in 1845 ;
and from 1862 to 1875 had charge of that important
office, directing all its operations, as well as those for
constructing and verifying the standard weights and
measures of the United States. In the scientific jour-
nals of the country, and the Coast Survey Reports, he
has published many professional papers on geodesy,
magnetism, and the tides of the ocean. In 1863 he
was elected a member of the National Academy of
Sciences ; in 1875 he was elected President of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science;
and is a member, on the part of the United States, of
the Committee on International Standards.
Hill, Benjamin H, — Born in Jasper County,
Georgia, in 1823 ; graduated at the University of
Georgia in 1844 ; studied law, and went to the bar in
1845 ; in 1851 he was elected to the State Legislature;
re-elected in 1859 ; was opposed to secession, but
went with his State into the Rebellion, and was
elected to the Confederate Senate ; and in 1875 he
was elected a Representative from Georgia to the
Forty-fourth Congress, in place of Garrett McMillan.
Hill, Cletnent S, — Born in Kentucky, and was
a Representative in Congress from that State, from
1853 to 1855.
Hill, Hiigh Clement, — He was born in Massa-
chusetts, and in 1870 appointed an Assistant At-
torney-General of the United States.
Hill, Hugh L, W, — Born in Tennessee, and was
a Representative in Congress from that State, from
1847 to 1849.
Hill, Isaac, — Born in Somerville, Massachusetts,
April 7, 1788. In 1798 his parents removed to a farm
in Ashburnham, Massachusetts ; his education was
exceedingly limited, and at the age of fourteen he
was apprenticed in a printing-office, and in 1809, at
the expiration of his apprenticeship, he went to
Concord, New Hampshire, and purchased the Ameri-
can Patriot, which . was afterwards issued as The
New Ham'pshire Patriot, and became a paper of im-
mense circulation and influence during the twenty
years of his editorship. During that time he was
twice chosen Clerk of the State Senate ; was once a
Representative in the Legislature, and was elected a
member of the State Senate in 1820, 1821, 1822, and
1827. In 1828 he was a candidate for the United
States Senate, but not elected. In 1829 he was ap-
pointed by President Jackson Second Comptroller of
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
203
the Treasury, and held the office until April, 1830.
He returned to New Hampshire, and was elected by
the Legislature United States Senator for six years,
from 1831. In 1836 he resigned, his Senatorship, be-
ing elected Governor of New Hampshire, and re-
elected in 1837 and 1838. In 1840 he was appointed
by President Van Buren Sub-Treasurer at Boston,
and in that year established, in connection with his
two oldest sons, HiW s New Ham'psldre Patriot, which
they published and edited until 1847, when that paper
was united with the Patriot. He also published the
Farmers' Monthly Visitor, an agricultural paper, for
ten years ; and during the last fifteen years of his
life devoted much attention to agriculture. He died
in Washington, District of Columbia, March 22, 1851.
Hill, Joliii, — He was born in Virginia, and was
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1839 to 1841.
Hill, JoJm, — Born in Stokes County, North Car-
olina ; served many years in the Legislature of the
State ; was a Representative in Congress from 1839
to 1841 ; and in 1850 held the position of Reading
Clerk in the State Senate.
Hill, John, — He was born in Catskill, New
York, in 1821 ; received a common -school education ;
vv^as for seven years a clerk and book-keeper in his
native place ; removed to Boonton, Morris County,
New Jersey, and pursued the same business for three
years, and subsequently devoted himself to mercan-
tile pursuits. He held, for many years, a number of
local and town offices, and in 1860 he was elected to
the State Legislature ; and, being twice re-elected,
was made Speaker of the Assembly ; took an active
part in raising troops during the Rebellion ; has been
foremost among his neighbors in promoting the moral
and social welfare of his fellow-citizens ; and in
1866 he was elected a Representative from New Jer-
sey to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tees on the Post Office and Weights and Measures.
Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con-
gresses.
Hill, Joshua, — Born in Abbeville District,
South Carolina, January 10, 1812 ; he had not a col-
legiate education, but studied law as a profession.
He was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth
Congress from Georgia, and was a member of the
Committee on Public Lands. Re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Foreign Affairs. Withdrew in February, 1861, and
returned to Georgia. He did not take an active part
in the Rebellion ; and in 1866 he was appointed by
President Johnson Collector for the port of Savan-
nah ; in 1867 he was appointed a Visitor to the
West Point Academy, as well as a Register in
Bankruptcy ; in 1868 was elected a Senator in
Congress for the term ending in 1873.
Hill, MarJc L, — He was born in Biddeford,
Maine, June 30, 1772. From the year 1792 to the
close of his life, he had been almost constantly in the
exercise of some public employment, either by popu-
lar election or executive appointment. Though denied
the advantages of a liberal education, he succeeded,
by assiduous self-culture, in making himself useful
to his country and gaining honor to himself in the
various posts of high responsibility to which he was
successively elevated. He was, at various periods, a
member of the Senate and House of Representatives
of Massachusetts, a Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas, member of Congress from Massachusetts from
1819 to 1821, and from Maine from 1821 to 1823 ;
Postmaster at Phippsburg, Maine, Collector of the
port at Bath, and held several other town and county
offices. He was one of the Overseers of Bowdoin
College from the first until 1821, when he became a
Trustee, in which office he continued till his decease ;
and, during thfe whole period of forty-nine years,
regularly attended every meeting except one. He
died at Phippsburg, Maine, November 26, 1842, in
the seventy-first year of his age.
Hill, llalph, — Was born in Johnson, Trumbull
County, Ohio, October 12, 1827. After receiving an
academical education, he studied law at the New
York State and National Law School, and received
the degree of LL.D. in 1851 ; and on removing to In-
diana, he was elected a Representative from that
State to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Territories and on Expenditures in
the Treasury Department.
Hill, Robert Andrews, — Born in Iredell
County, North Carolina, March 25, 1811 ; removed
with his parents to Tennessee; received a limited
education ; in 1833 he was elected a Constable, and
in 1836 a Justice of the Peace ; having adopted the
profession of law, in 1847 he was elected a Circuit
Attorney-General, and held the office until 1854 ; soon
afterwards removed to Mississippi, and was made a
Judge of Probate ; during the war he did what he
could to help both sides in the way of kindness and
charity ; was a Delegate to the State Convention of
1865 ; and in 1866 was appointed United States Judge
for the District of JMississippi ; the duties of whicli
have hitherto been particularly arduous, though, per-
formed with unwearied fidelity.
Hill, Thomas, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1824 to 1826.
Hill, Whitmell, — Born in Bertie County, North
Carolina, February 12, 1743 ; graduated at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania ; was a Delegate to the Con-
gresses at Hillsborough and Halifax in 1775 and
1776 ; was Lieutenant-Colonel of the Coventry Mili-
tia, and Delegate to the Continental Congress from
1778 to 1781. He was frequently a member of the
House and Senate of North Carolina previous to
1785. Died at Hill's Ferry, Martin County, North
Carolina, September 26, 1797.
Hill, JVilliam H, — He was a Representative in
Congress from North Carolina from 1799 to 1803, and
he was also appointed Judge of the United States
District Court for the District of North Carolina. He
died in 1809.
Hillegas, Michael, — He was first United States
Treasurer. Died in Philadelphia, September, 1804,
aged seventy-six years.
Hillen, Solomon, Jr, — He was born in Balti-
more County, Maryland, in 1813 ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1839 to
1841. He was educated at the Georgetown College ;
studied law ; served in the Maryland Legislature in
1834 and 1838 ; elected Mayor of Baltimore in 1842,
for an unexpired term ; and was re-elected for two
years ; but resigned on account of his health, and de-
voted himself to agricultural pursuits.
Hillhoiise, Jatnes, — He was born at Montville,
Connecticut, October 21, 1754 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1773 ; after due preparation, entered upon
the practice of law ; took an active part in the Re-
volutionary struggle, and when New Haven was in-
vaded by the British, was Commander of the Gover-
nor's Guards. He became a Representative in Con-
gress in 1791, and three years afterwards he was
chosen a Senator of the United States from Connecti-
cut, and continued a distinguished member for six-
204
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
teen years ; and in the Sixth Congress was President
pro tem. of the Senate. In 1810 he resigned his seat
in the Senate, and took the office of Commissioner of
the School Fund of Connecticut, which he managed
with great ability and fidelity for fifteen years. He
was also a Delegate to the " Hartford Convention "
of 1814 ; and in 1825 he undertook to conduct the
construction of the Farmington and Hami)shire
Canal. He was chosen Treasurer of Yale College, in
1782, and continued to hold the ofiice until his death,
having done much to promote the interests of that
institution. He died at New Haven, December 29,
1832.
HMlhouse, William, — He was a Delegate from
Connecticut to the Continental Congress from 1783 to
1786.
miliar d, Henry IF.— He was born in North
Carolina, and spent his boyhood in South Carolina,
at the College of which State he graduated. He
studied law, and settled in Georgia, but in 1836 be-
came a citizen of Alabama, occupying for several
years a professorship in the University of that State.
In 1838 he was elected to the State Legislature, and
in 1840 a Presidential Elector. In 1842 he was ap-
pointed, by President Tyler, Minister to Belgium ;
was a Representative in Congress from Alabama from
1843 to 1851. He was also a Regent of the Smith-
sonian Institution, and devoted some attention to the
pursuits of literature. A volume of his speeches
was published in 1855.
Hilly er, Edgar Winters, — Born in Granville,
Licking County, Ohio, December 3, 1830 ; graduated
at what is now called Dennison University ; went to
California in 1851 ; studied law, and came to the bar
in 1856 ; practiced the profession in Placer County
until 1861 ; served in the war for the Union, and rose
to the rank of Colonel ; in 1865 became Acting Judge
Advocate for the Department of the Pacific ; in 1863
he had command of the Camp at Los Angeles, during
the troubles there ; from 1864 to 1865 he was stationed
at Fort Yuma ; under orders from General McDowell,
he investigated the conduct of certain persons who
had exulted over the death of President Lincoln ; was
elected to the State Legislature in 1862 ; in 1866 he
was elected Attorney for Storey County, holding the
office until 1869, when he was appointed Judge of the
United States Court for the District of Nevada.
Hilly er,^ Junius, — He was born in Wilkes-
County, Georgia, April 23, 1807 ; graduated at the
State University at Athens in 1828 ; having studied
his profession while in college, he was admitted to
the bar within one week after graduating ; in 1834
he was elected by the Legislature Solicitor-General
for the Western District of the State ; and he was a
Representative in Congress from Georgia from 1851
to 1855, during his second term serving as Chairman
of the Committee on Private Land Claims. In 1857
he was appointed by President Buchanan Solicitor of
the United States Treasury remaining in office until
1861.
Hindmafif Thomas C, — He was born in Ten-
nessee, in 1818 ; served in the Mexican War as a
Second Lieutenant of Mississippi Volunteers ; and
was a Representative from Arkansas to the Thirty-
sixth Congress ; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh,
but when the Rebellion broke out he entered the
Confederate service, and was at once made a Brigadier-
General, and subsequently a Major-General. Was
living in Texas in 1865, but died at Helena, Arkan-
sas, October 22, 1868.
Hindmarif William, — He was a Delegate
from Maryland to the Continental Congress ; a Repre-
sentative in Congress from 1792 to 1799 ; and a Sen-
ator in Congress during the years 1800 and 1801. He
died January 26, 1822.
Hinds f James, — He was born in Hebron, Wash-
ington County, New York, December 5 1833 ; gradu-
ated at the Cincinnati Law College in 1856 ; removed
to Minnesota, and practiced his profession there ; was
District Attorney for the State until 1860; served in
the war for the Union as a private, after which he
settled at Little Rock, Arkansas ; was a member of
the Convention which formed the present Constitu-
tion of the State ; was appointed a Commissioner to
codify the laws of the State ; and subsequently
elected a Representative from Arkansas to the For-
tieth Congress. He was a Delegate to the Chicago
Convention of 1868, and in October of the same year
was assassinated at Monroe, Arkansas, by a political
opponent.
Hinds, Thomas, — Born about the year 1775 ;
was a distinguished officer in the battle of New Or-
leans ; and a Representative in Congress from Mis-
sissippi from 1828 to 1831. He died in Jefferson
County, Mississippi, August 23, 1840.
HineSf JRichard, — He was born in North Caro-
lina, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1825 to 1827.
HinmaUf John, — Born in Fairfield, Connecti-
cut in 1802 ; received an academic education ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar about the year
1827 ; practiced in Waterbury, and became a Judge
of the Superior Court in 1842 ; of the Supreme Court
of the State in 1850 ; and Chief Justice of the same,
in 1861. He died in Cheshire, Connecticut, February
21, 1870.
Hise, Elijah,— Rq was born in Kentucky, July
4, 1802 ; appointed in 1848 Charge d' Affaires to Gua-
temala; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; and in 1866
he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, for the unexpired term of H.
Grider, deceased, serving on the Committee on Re-
construction. He was re-elected to the Fortieth
Congress, but died by suicide at Russellville, Ken-
tucky, May 8, 1867. In personal appearance he bore
a remarkable resemblance to John C. Calhoun, of
whom he was a warm admirer.
Hitchcock, Peter,— Bom in Cheshire, Connec-
ticut, October 19, 1780; and graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1801. He was admitted to the bar in 1804,
and commenced the practice of law in his native
town. In 1806 he removed to Geauga County, Ohio,
and in 1810 he was elected to the General Assembly
of that State ; from 1812 to 1816 he was a member
of the State Senate, and President of that body one
session. He was a Representative in Congress from
1817 to 1819, and then chosen Judge of the Supreme
Court of Ohio for seven years ; was re-elected to the
same office in 1826, and retired from the Bench in
1852, after a judicial service of twenty-eight years ;
having been for a portion of that time Chief Justice.
From 1833 to 1835 he was again a member of the
State Senate, and once again President. In 1850 he
was a Delegate to the " Constitutional Convention"
of the State. He died in Painesville, Ohio, May 11,
1853.
Hitchcoclx, JPhineas TF.— He was born in
New Lebanon, New York, November 30, 1831 ;
graduated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in
1855 ; studied law, and after being admitted to the
bar emigrated to Nebraska Territory, and settled in
the practice of his profession at Omaha in 1857. In
1861 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Mar-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
205
shal of the Territory, which office he held until his
election from Nebraska, as Delegate to the Thirty-
ninth Congress. He was a member of the National
Committee appointed to accompany the remains of
President Lincoln to Illinois. In March, 1867, he
was appointed Surveyor-General of Nebraska ; was
elected to the United States Senate for the term end-
ing in 1877, serving on the Committees on Territories,
District of Columbia, and Pacific Railroad.
Hitchcock, Samuel. — He was a lawyer of high
character and a citizen of Vermont ; in 1793 he was
appointed by President Washington United States
Judge for the District of Vermont ; and in 1801 he
was promoted by President Adams to the Bench of
the Circuit Court of the United States for the Sec-
ond Circuit.
Hoag, Truman IT, — He was born in Manlius,
Onondaga County, New York, April 9, 1816 ; received
a public-school education ; from 1832 to 1839 he was
clerk in a store and a canal office at Syracuse ; in
1842 he engaged in the steamboat business on Lake
Ontario ; removed to Toledo in 1848, and established
himself there in the transportation and produce busi-
ness ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative
from Ohio to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the
Committee on Public Buildings. Died in Washing-
ton, February 5, 1870.
Hoaglandf Moses, — He was born in Ohio ; was
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1849 to 1851; and was subsequently appointed United
States Judge for the Territory of Washington.
Hoar, Ebenezer ItocJcivood, — He was bom
in Concord, Massachusetts, in 1816, and is the son of
the late Samuel Hoar, and brother of George F.
Hoar ; graduated at Harvard University in 1835, and
spent two years at the Cambridge Law School ; soon
afterwards, he engaged in teaching school at Pitts-
burg and other western cities ; came to the bar in
1840, and commenced the practice of law in his na-
tive State ; was appointed a Judge of the Court of
Common Pleas, but after serving several years, re-
signed to resume the practice of his profession ; he
was for ten years a member of the Corporation of
Harvard College, and in 1868, was appointed an
overseer of that institution ; in 1859, he was elected
a Judge of the Supreme Court ; and on the 5th of
March, 1869, he entered the Cabinet of President
Grant as Attorney-General. In 1871 he became a
member of the Joint High Commission for making a
Treaty between England and the United States ; was
a Presidential Elector in 1872 ; and was elected to the
Forty-third Congress, declining a re-election. He
served on the Committees on Foreign AfEairs and Re-
vision of Laws. On the maternal side, he is a grand-
son of Roger Sherman.
Hoar, George Frisbie, — He is the son of
Samuel Hoar, and was born in Concord, Massachu-
setts, August 29, 1826 ; graduated at Harvard College
in 1846, and after going through a course of legal
studies at the Harvard Law School, he was admitted
to the bar in 1849, and settled at Worcester, in the
practice of his profession ; in 1852, he was elected a
Representative in the General Court ; in 1857, to the
State Senate ; and in 1868, he was elected a Repre-
sentative from Massachusetts to the Forty-first Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Education, and
Labor, and Revision of Laws. Re-elected to the
three succeeding Congresses, serving on various im-
portant Committees.
Hoar, Samuel, — Born in Lincoln, Massachu-
setts, May 18, 1788. He graduated at Cambridge in
1802, and was for two years thereafter a private tutor
in Virginia. He studied law with Artemas Ward,
and was admitted to the bar in 1805, and opened an
office in Concord. He soon attained high rank, and
was for forty years one of the most eminent and suc-
cessful practitioners in Middlesex County, as well as
in the whole State. He was a member of the Con-
vention for revising the State Constitution in 1820 ;
State Senator in 1825 and 1833 ; member of the Ex-
ecutive Council in 1845 and 1846 ; State Representa-
tive in 1850 ; and a Representative in Congress,
from 1835 to 1837. In 1844 he was appointed
by the Legislature of Massachusetts to proceed
to South Carolina and aid the colored citizens
of Massachusetts, imprisoned by the authorities
of South Carolina, by testing, in the Courts of the
United States, the Constitutionality of the acts of
South Carolina authorizing the imprisonment of col-
ored persons who should enter that State. His ap-
pearance in Charleston caused great excitement, and
he was expelled from that '"ity by its citizens, De-
cember 5, 1844, the Legislature having passed resolu-
tions on that day authorizing the Governor to expel
him. He was a member of various religious and
charitable societies — of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences, of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, and, at the time of his death, one of the
Overseers of Harvard College, the degree of Doctor
of Laws having, in 1838, been conferred upon him
by that institution. He died in Concord, Massachu-
setts, November 2*, 1856.
Hoard, Charles J5, — Born in Springfield, Ver-
mont, June 28, 1805 ; he was a mechanic, and for
several years in early life a clerk in a private land
office in Antwerp, New York. He was Postmaster
under Presidents Jackson and Van Buren ; Justice of
the Peace for several years ; a member of the Legis-
lature of New York in 1838, and County Clerk of
Jefierson County, New York, in 1844, 1845, and 1846.
He has been an active politician, and was elected a
Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving
on the Committee on Expenditures in the State De-
partment. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on
Claims.
Hohan, tfames, — He was a native of Ireland,
and settled in Charleston, South Carolina, prior to the
Revolution. At the suggestion of President Wash-
ington, he was appointed, in 1793, the Architect to
erect the President's House, the Capitol, and other Pub-
lic Buildings in Washington, and he remained in the
public service for more than twenty- five years. As a
man and an artist he attained a high reputation.
Hohart, Aaron, — He was born in Abington,
Plymouth County, Massachusetts, June 26, 1787 ;
graduated at Brown University in 1805 ; adopted the
profession of law ; served in the State Senate ; was a
State Councillor ; was Judge of Probate ; and was a
Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from
1821 to 1827. Died at East Bridgewater, September
19, 1858.
Hohart, tTohn Sloss, — He graduated at Yale
College in 1757 ; was Judge of the District Court of
New York, and held several important positions in
that State during the Revolutionary war ; after
which he was appointed one of the three Judges of
the Supreme Court. He was a member of the United
States Senate from February to April, 1798, in the
place of P. Schuyler, but resigned, and was then ap-
pointed Judge of the United States District Court of
New York. He died February 4, 1805, aged sixty-
six.
Hobbie, Selah JR, — Born in Newburg, New York,
March 10, 1797, and at an early day established him-
206
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
self at Delhi, Delaware County, in the practice of law,
where he was soon appointed District Attorney and
Brigade Major and Inspector. He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829,
when, on the accession of General Jackson to the
Presidency, he was appointed Assistant Postmaster-
General, which he held until 1850, when he retired
on account of ill-health, but assumed the duties of
the office under President Pierce. He died in Wash-
ington, District of Columbia, March 23, 1854. He
was the son-in-law, and at one time the law partner,
of Erastus Root.
Hodges, Asa, — He was born January 22, 1823 ;
removed to Arkansas in 1859 ; was admitted to the
bar in 1849, and continued to practice until 1860 ; was,
in 1866, a Delegate to the Constitutional Convention
under the reconstruction acts of Congress ; elected in
1868 a Representative in the General Assembly ;
elected in 1870 a member of the State Senate ; and
elected to the Forty-third Congress from Arkansas.
Hodges, Charles !>.— He was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Illinois, and took his seat
during the second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress,
Hodges, George T, — He was born in Clarendon,
Vermont, July 4, 1789 ; he was bred to active business,
and was a merchant in Rutland for many years ;
served frequently in both Houses of the State Legis-
lature ; was a Representative in Congress from Ver-
mont, during the third session of the Thirty-fourth
Congress. For more than a quarter of a century he
was President of the Bank of Rutland ; was a large
contributor to the success of the Burlington Railroad,
and a warm supporter of the Vermont Agricultural
Society. Died at Rutland, September 9, 1860.
Hodges f flames L, — He was a State Senator in
1823 and 1824, and a Representative in Congress from
Massachusetts from 1827 to 1831. He died March 8,
1846, aged fifty-six years.
Hodges, S, H, — He was born in Vermont ; re-
moved to Washington, and in 1852 he was appointed
Commissioner of the Patent Office, which he resigned
in 1853 ; and in 1861 he was appointed Examiner-in-
Chief in the Patent Office, where he remained until
his death, which occurred April 20, 1875.
Hoffrnan, Henry W. — He was bom in Mary-
land, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1855 to 1857. He was subsequently elected
Sergeant-at-arms in the House of Representatives,
and in 1861 he was appointed by President Lincoln,
Collector of the Port of Baltimore.
Ho/finan, John T, — He was born at Sing Sing,
New York, January 10, 1828 ; graduated at Union
College in 1846 ; admitted to the bar January, 1849 ;
acquired an extensive practice in New York City ;
connected himself with Tammany Hall in 1854 ; was
elected Recorder of the city in 1860 and 1863 ; ren-
dering himself conspicuous for his severity to the
rioters of July, 1863 ; was elected Mayor in 1865, and
re-elected in 1867 ; was democratic candidate for Gov-
ernor in 1866, but defeated by Fenton ; was chosen
Governor in 1869 serving till 1872.
Hoffman, Michael, — Born in the town of Clif-
ton Park, Saratoga County, New York, in 1788. He
was educated as a physician, but afterwards studied
law and settled in Herkimer County, where he occu-
pied a high position. He was elected to Congress in
1824, and continued a member for eight years, serv-
ing a portion of the time as Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Naval AfCairs. He was appointed a Canal Com-
missioner for the State of New York, wrote several
able reports, and resigned the office in 1835. In 1841
he went into the House of Assembly from Herkimer
County, and accomplished much good for the service
and credit of his State. He was also a Delegate to
the "Constitutional Convention" of 1846, and was
Naval Officer in the City of New York ; he was a pow-
erful and effective debater, and as a man, unselfish
and high of character. He died at Brooklyn, Septem-
ber 27, 1848.
Hoffman, Ogden, — He was bom in New York
City in 1794, and graduated at Columbia College in
1812 ; he soon after entered the navy as a midshipman,
but in three years he resigned, and studied law. He
commenced to practice in Orange County, and was
appointed District Attorney, but removed to New
York City in 1826 ; was partner of Hugh Maxwell,
and became eminently successful in his profession.
In 1828 he was a Representative in the Legislature ;
from 1829 to 1835 was District Attorney ; and was ap-
pointed United States District Attorney by President
Harrison. From 1837 to 1841 he was a Representa-
tive in Congress, and was a member of the Committee
on Foreign Affairs ; he was re-elected in 1848, and in
1854 was appointed Attorney-General of the State.
He was remarkable for his eloquence and learning,
and for more than a quarter of a century, occupied a
high position at the bar of New York. He died in
that city. May 1, 1856.
Hoffman, Ogden, — He was born in New York,
and son of the eminent lawyer bearing the same name ;
adopted the profession of law and was an early emi-
grant to California, settling at San Francisco ; and in
1851 he was appointed United States District Judge
for the District of California, in which position he re-
mained as late as 1875.
Hogan, John, — Born in Mallow, County of Cork,
Ireland, January 2, 1805 ; emigrated to Baltimore,
Maryland, with his father in 1817. In that city he
was apprenticed to the trade of a shoemaker, and dur-
ing his term of service did what he could to obtain an
education, and was an attendant at the Asbury Sun-
day School. In 1826 he emigrated to the West ; in
1831 opened a store in Madison County, Illinois ; in
1836 was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1838 he
was elected by the Legislature Commissioner of the
Board of Public Works ; re-elected and made Presi-
dent of the Board ; in 1841 he was appointed by Pres-
ident Harrison Register of the Land Office at Dixon,
Illinois, where he remained until 1845 ; soon after-
wards settled in St. Louis, Missouri, resuming the
mercantile business ; became engaged with insurance
companies ; organized and was President of a savings
institution and a bank ; in 1857 was appointed, by
President Buchanan, Postmaster of St. Louis, serving
his whole term ; and in 1864 he was elected a Repre-
sentative from Missouri to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Ways and Means and
the Special Committee on Civil Service. He is the
author of two publications, on the " Resources of
Missouri," and on the " Commerce and Manufactures
of St. Louis." He was also a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia "National Union Convention" of 1866.
Hogan, William,, — He was born in 1792 ; when
quite young he went with his father to the Cape of
Good Hope, then a Dutch colony, where he acquired
the Dutch language ; returned to America and grad-
uated at Columbia College ; studied law, but having
purchased land in Black River Country, New York,
settled in that region ; as a pioneer he did much to
develop the country, and a thriving town on the St.
Lawrence received the name of Hogansport. He
was for many years a County Judore, and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from 1831 to 1833. In 1850
he became an Examiner of Claims in the Department
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
207
of State, wliicli position was soon exclianged for that
of Translator, his studies, while traveling in Europe,
having long before made him a thorough scholar in
the languages of Europe, and he remained in that
position until 1869.
Iloge, John, — He was born near Carlisle, Cum-
berland County, Pennsylvania, September 10, 1760 ;
received the greater part of his education from a pri-
vate tutor ; he entered the army of the Revolution in
1776, and was made Ensign of the Ninth Pennsylva-
nia Regiment. In 1782 he emigrated to the western
part of the State, and with his brother William,
founded the town of Washington. In 1789 he was a
Delegate to the Convention which formed the State
Constitution ; from 1790 to 1795 he served in the
State Senate ; in 1799 he was chosen a member of
the " American Philosophical Society," and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Pennsylvania in 1804
and 1805 for the unexpired term of his brother, Wil-
liam Hoge. He was a man of culture and literary
tastes, and died near Washington, Pennsylvania,
August 4, 1834.
Hoge, fJoseph F, — He was born in Ohio ; and,
havi-ng removed to Illinois?, was elected a Represent-
ative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847.
Hoge, Solomon L» — He was born in Logan
County, Ohio; received a liberal education; gradu-
ated at the Cincinnati Law College in 1859 ; prac-
ticed at Bellefontaine until 1861 ; entered the army
as First Lieutenant in the infantry ; promoted to a
Captaincy ; severely wounded at the second battle of
Bull Run ; was twice brevetted for gallant conduct
in battle, and at the close of the war received a com-
mission in the Regular Army ; he materially aided in
the reconstruction of South Carolina ; and was elected
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the State
by the General Assembly ; he was elected to the For-
ty-first Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth.
HogSf William, — He was born in Cumberland
County, Pennsylvania, but in 1782 he settled in the
western part of the State, and participated, with his
brother John, In founding the town of Washington.
He was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl-
vania from 1801 to 1804, when he resigned, and
again from 1807 to 1809. Died on his estate in the
town of W^ashington.
HogebooJUf James L, — He was a member of
the New York "Constitutional Convention" of 1821,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1823 to 1825.
Hogg, Samuel, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Tennessee from 1817 to 1819.
HolbrooUf E, D. — He was born in Elyria, Lo-
rain County, Ohio, in 1836 ; received a common-
school education ; studied and adopted the profes-
sion of law ; and, having emigrated to Idaho, was
elected a Delegate from that Territory to the Thirty-
ninth Congress, and re-elected to the Fortieth Con-
gress.
HolbrooJCf Frederick, — He was born in East
Windsor, Connecticut, in 1813 ; and was Governor of
Vermont from 1861 to 1863.
Holcomh, George, — He was born in Lamberts-
ville, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, in 1786 ; gradu-
ated at Princeton College in 1805 ; adopted the medi-
cal profession, and practiced it with success in Allen-
town ; was a member of the State Legislature in
1815 ; received from the University of Maryland the
degree of M.D. ; was a Representative in Congress
from New Jersey, from 1821 to 1828 ; and died at Al-
lentown, January 14, 1828.
Holden, Edward Singleton, — He was born
in St. Louis, Missouri, November 5, 1846 ; and gradu-
ated at Washington University, St. Louis, in 1866 ;
also at the United States Military Academy in
1870, from which he was promoted to be Second
Lieutenant Fourth United States Artillery ; served
in garrison at Fort Johnson, North Carolina, from
October, 1870, to August, 1871 ; served at West
Point as Assistant Professor of Natural and Experi-
mental Philosophy, until June, 1872. Appointed
Second Lieutenant United States Engineer Corps,
March, 1872 ; served as Assistant Instructor in Practi-
cal Military Engineering, until March, 1873, when he
resigned his position in the army, and was appointed
Professor of Mathematics in the United States Navy,
since which time he has been on duty at the National
Observatory.
Holden f JVilliajn JV, — He was for many years
connected with the press of North Carolina, especially
the Raleigh Register, and noted as a politician ; was
Provisional Governor of the State in 1865 ; elected
Governor in 1869, but he was impeached for malfeas-
ance in office, and in April, 1872, he was removed from
the governorship by a two-thirds vote of the Senate
of North Carolinet sitting as a Court of Impeachment.
Holladay, Alexander M, — He was born in
Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State, from 1849 to 1853, and was Chairman,
during his first term, of the Committee on Expendi-
tures in the Navy Department.
Holland, Cornelius, — Born July 9, 1782 ; es-
tablished himself as a physician at Canton, Maine ;
was a member of the Maine " Constitutional Conven-
tion " of 1819 ; a member of the State Legislature in
1820 and 1821 ; and a State Senator in 1822, 1825, and
1826. He was a Representative in Congress from
Maine, from 1830 to 1833, serving on the Committee
on Elections, as well as the Committee on Represen-
tation under the Fifth Census.
Holland, James, — He was a Representative in
Congress from North Carolina, from 1795 to 1797, and
again from 1801 to 1811.
Holleman, Joel, — Born in the County of Isle of
Wight, Virginia, October 1 , 1799 ; was educated at
Chapel Hill, North Carolina ; taught school for some
years, and then studied law, in the practice of which
he was successful ; and was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia, from 1839 to 1840, when he
resigned, " because he could not represent the feelings
and wishes of a majority of his constituents." He was
subsequently in the State Legislature for several
years, and Speaker of the House when he died, Au-
gust, 1844.
Holley, Alexander H, — He was a native of
Connecticut ; received a good education ; and was
Governor of his native State for one year, beginning
with 1857.
Holley, John M. — He was born in Salisbury,
Connecticut, in November, 1802 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1822 ; removed to New York and came to
the bar in 1825 ; was a member of the New York
Assembly from 1838 to 1841 ; and elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New York from 1847 to
1848. He died at Jacksonville, Florida, March 8,
1848, before the expiration of his term.
Hollister, Gideon H, — He was a citizen of
Connecticut ; and in 1868 he was Consul-General and
208
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Minister Resident to Hayti, where he remained until
1869, when he returned to the United States.
Hollistei^ Madison E, — Born in Cayuga
County, New York, in 1808 ; received a common-
school education while working on his father's farm ;
studied law, and settled in Illinois in 1836 ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1848 ; in 1855 he was elected
Judge of the Ninth Judicial District of the State,
continuing in the office until 1866 ; in that year he
was appointed Consul to Buenos Ayres, where he re-
mained until 1869, and then resumed his profession ;
and, in 1861 he was, without solicitation, appointed
Associate-Justice of the United States Territorial
Court of Idaho, and was soon afterwards made Chief
Justice, in which position he still continues.
Holloway, David JP. — Bom in Waynesville,
Warren County, Ohio, December 6, 1809, but re-
moved with his parents to Cincinnati in 1813. In
1823 he went to Richmond, Indiana, and learned the
printing business, and subsequently served four
years in the office of the Cincinnati Gazette. He com-
menced the publication of the Bichmond Palladium
in 1832, editing it for many years. In 1843 he was
elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature
of Indiana, and in 1844 to the State Senate, serving
nine years. In 1855 he was elected a Representative
in Congress from Indiana, and was Chairman of the
Committee on Agriculture during that term. He was
eight years President of the Agricultural Society
of Wayne County. In 1861 he was appointed, by
President Lincoln, Commissioner of Patents.
Holly f Charles F. — He was appointed a Judge
of the United States Court for the Territory of Colo-
rado.
HolmaUf J'esse Tj, — He was a citizen of
Indiana, and resided at Lawrenceburg ; and about the
year 1836 he was appointed United States Judge for
the District of Indiana.
Hohnarif William S, — Born in Verdstown,
Indiana, September 6, 1822 ; received a good
English education at common schools ; adopted the
profession of law ; was a member of the Convention
to revise the Constitution of Indiana in 1850 ; was a
member of the State Legislature in 1851 ; was a
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1852 to
1856 ; and was elected a Representative from Indiana
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member on
the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on Claims ; and he was also re-elected to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the same Com-
mittee. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving
on the Committees on Enrolled Bills and Claims. Re-
elected to the four succeeding Congresses, making a
total service of sixteen years, during which time he
served upon nearly all the important Committees. In
December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the
Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds.
Holmes f David. — ^He was a native of Virginia ;
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1797 to 1809 ; in the latter year, he was appointed
Governor of the Territory of Mississippi, which posi-
tion he held until 1817 ; he was Governor of the
State, by election, from 1817 to 1819 ; and he was a
Senator in Congress from Mississippi from 1820 to
1825, when he resigned ; and he died August 20,
1832.
Holmes, Elias B, — Bom in Fletcher, Vermont,
May 27, 1807. He commenced life as a teacher, and
at the age of twenty emigrated to Monroe County,
New Tork, where he studied law, and was admitted
to practice in 1830. He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1845 to 1849.
HolmeSf Gabi'iel, — Born in Sampson County,
North Carolina ; was a Representative in Congress
from North Carolina from 1825 to 1829. Educated at
Harvard University, and was a lawyer by profession.
He was in the State Senate in 1807, and Governor of
the State in 1821. He died September 26, 1829, in
Sampson County, North Carolina, aged sixty -five
years.
Holmes f Isaac E, — Bom in Charleston, South
Carolina, April 5, 1786 ; educated at the best schools
of his native city, and graduated with honors at Yale
College in 1815 ; he studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1818, in Charleston. He was one of the
originators of the " South Carolina Association ; " and
was elected to the State Legislature in 1826. For a
time he devoted himself to planting, but his most
distinguished public service was as a Representative
in Congress from South Carolina from 1839 to 1851,
during which period he served with ability at the
head of the Committees of Commerce and the Navy,
and also of that on Foreign Affairs. He subsequently
took up his residence in California ; but, having
returned to his native State, died in Charleston, Feb-
ruary 25, 1867.
HolmeSf Jolm, — He was born on Cape Cod in
March, 1773 ; graduated at Brown University in 1796 ;
studied law, and commenced the practice in Alfred,
Maine, in 1799 ; was a member of the Massachusetts
Legislature in 1802, 1803, and 1812 ; and State Sena-
tor from 1813 to 1817 ; was a Boundary Commissioner
under the Treaty of 1815 ; was a member of the Con-
vention to form the Constitution of Maine, and
Chairman of the Committee that drafted the document
in 1820 ; having been a Representative in Congress
from Massachusetts from 1817 to 1820 ; and he was a
Senator in Congress from Maine from 1820 to 1827,
and from 1829 to 1833. For a part of 1829, and from
1835 to 1838, he was a member of the Maine Legisla-
ture ; and he was United States District Attorney,
and also District Judge for Maine from 1841 till his
death, which occurred at Portland, July 7, 1843. He
was a prominent member of the bar for forty years,
and distinguished for his eloquence and wit.
Holmes, Sidney T. — He was born in Schaghti-
coke, Rensselaer County, New York, in August, 1815 ;
settled with his father in Morrisville, Madison
County, in 1819, where he always resided ; received
an academical education ; studied law ; and came to
the bar in 1841, prior to which date he spent five
years as a civil engineer ; was twice appointed Loan
Commissioner for Madison County, in 1848 and 1850 ;
in 1851 was elected Judge and Surrogate for the same
county, and re-elected in 1855 and 1859, serving until
1864, — altogether a period of twelve years. In 1864
he was elected a Representative from New York, to
the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Committee
on Public Lands and Revolutionary Pensions.
Holmes, Uriel, — He graduated at Yale College
in 1784, and was a Representative in Congress from
Connecticut from 1817 to 1818, when he resigned. He
died in 1827.
Holsey, HopMns. — He was born in Virginia in
1799, and was a Representative in Congress from
Georgia from 1837 to 1839. He subsequently edited
the Athens Banner, and filled a large space in the
politics of Georgia. Died in Columbus, Georgia,
March 31, 1859.
Holt, Joseph, — Born in Breckenridge County,
Kentucky, January 6, 1807 ; was educated at the
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
209
St. Joseph and Centre Colleges of that State ; studied
law ; came to the bar in 1828, and settled in Louis-
ville. For two years he was Attorney for the Com-
monwealth ; was a visitor to West Point in 1835, ap-
pointed by President Jackson ; a Delegate to the
' ' Baltimore Convention " of that year, in which he
vindicated R. M. Johnson from certain political im-
putations made against him ; from 1835 to 1840 he
resided in Mississippi, practicing his profession, when
he returned to Louisville ; from 1848 to 1851 he
traveled in Europe and the East, going up the Nile
and visiting Jerusalem. In 1857 he settled in Wash-
ington City, and was soon afterwards appointed by
President Buchanan Commissioner of Patents ; in
1859 he went into the Cabinet as Postmaster-General ;
in 1860 he was placed ad interim at the head of the
War Department, and subsequently confirmed as
Secretary ; in 1861 he was a Commissioner for adjust-
ing the war claims of Missouri ; early in 1862 he was
a Commissioner on Ordnance ; in the latter part of
year he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Judge
Advocate General ; and in 1864 he was placed at the
head of the Bureau of Military Justice. In Novem-
ber, 1864, President Lincoln invited him into the
Cabinet as Attorney- General, which he declined. On
the first of December, 1875, he was retired at his own
request, and a successor was appointed.
Holt, J, J, — He was the brother of Joseph Holt,
a lawyer by profession ; was at one time Justice of
the Tenth District Court of Texas ; and died at La-
vaca, Texas, March 1, 1868.
Holtf Orrin, — He was born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State in
1836 to fill an unexpired term, and from 1837 to
1839.
Holten, Samuel, — Born in Danvers, Massachu-
setts, June 9, 1738, and' was bred a physician. Dur-
ing the Revolution he zealously espoused the cause
of his country, and was a member of the old Congress,
from 1778 to 1787, officiating at one time as its Presi-
dent ; and he also signed the Articles of Confedera-
tion. He was a Representative, under the Constitu-
tion, from 1793 to 1795 ; and spent the closing years
of his life as Judge of Probate for Essex County.
Died January 2, 1816.
Hoohf Enos, — He was born in Pennsylvania, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1839 to 1841.
Hooker, Charles E, — Born in Mississippi ; re-
ceived a good education ; adopted the profession of
law, and acquired reputation as an orator ; entered
the Confederate Army during the Rebellion as Cap
tain of Artillery, lost an arm at the siege of Vicks-
burg, and was promoted to the rank of Colonel ; in
1875 he was elected a Representative from Mississippi
to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Hooks f diaries, — Born in Bertie County, North
Carolina ; served for many years in the State Legisla-
ture ; and was a Representative in Congress during
the years 1816 and 1817, and from 1819 to 1825. He
subsequently removed to Alabama, where he died in
1851.
Hooper f tTohn W, — He was a lawyer by profes-
sion ; from 1833 to 1836 he was Judge of what was
called the Cherokee Circuit in Northern Georgia ; in
1837 he removed to the West, and, after the lapse of
ten years, returned to his early home and died in
Dade County, Georgia, July 16, 1868, in the seven-
tieth year of his age.
Hooper, Samuel, — Was born in Marblehead,
Massachusetts, February 3, 1808 ; received his educa-
tion in that town ; spent four years in a counting-
room in Boston ; subsequently made , repeated visits
to Europe and the West Indies, attending to com-
mercial business ; in 1832 settled finally in Bos-
ton as a merchant, chiefly engaged in the China
trade, the last house of which he formed a part hav-
ing been long known as William Appleton & Co. In
1851 he was elected to the State House of Represent-
atives, served three years, and declined a re-election ;
in 1857 was elected to the State Senate, and declined
to serve a second term ; in 1861 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from Massachusetts, to fill the vacancy
caused by the resignation of William Appleton, in
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Ways and Means ; and in 1862 he was re-
elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the
same Committee. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Ways and
Means, Banking and Currency, and the War Debts of
the Loyal States. In July, 1866, he received from
Howard University the degree of Master of Arts, as
founder of the " School of Mines." He was a Dele-
gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of
1866 ; and re-elected to the Fortieth, Forty-first,
Forty-second, and Forty-third Congresses. Died in
Washington, February 15, 1875, declining a re-nomi-
nation.
Hooper, William, — He was born in Boston,
June 17, 1742 ; graduated at Harvard University in
1760 ; studied law and was admitted to the bar ; in
1766 he settled at Wilmington, North Carolina ; in
1770 he had the courage to instigate severe measures
against three thousand Regulators in that State, which
caused their dispersion ; in 1773 he was elected to the
State Assembly. He was a Delegate to the Continen-
tal Congress from 1774 to 1777, and signed the Dec-
laration of Independence ; in 1776 he was a member
of the ''Hillsborough and Halifax Convention;" in
1787 he retired from public life, and died in October,
1790.
Hooper, TV, H, — Born in Cambridge, Dorchester
County, Maryland, December 25, 1813 ; received a ,
common-school education ; was for several years a
clerk in a store at Baltimore ; when seventeen years
of age built a schooner ; was for some years a mer-
chant on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, emigrated to
Illinois in 1835, from which time until 1849 he was
engaged in mercantile pursuits and steamboating on
the Mississippi. In 1850 he removed to Utah : was a .
member of the Legislature, and Acting Secretary of
the Territory ; and in 1859 entered the Thirty-sixth
Congress as a Delegate from the Territory of Utah y.
and was re-elected a Delegate to the Thirty-ninth and.
Fortieth Congresses. Re-elected to the two subse-
quent Congresses.
Hopkins, Senjamin F, — He was born im
Washington County, New York, April 22, 1829 ; re-
ceived a good English education ; removed to Wis-
consin and became engaged in general business pur-
suits ; was Private Secretary to the Governor of Wis-
consin for one term ; was a member of both branches
of the Legislature, and in 1866 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from Wisconsin to the Fortieth and Forty-
first Congresses, serving on the Committees on En-
rolled Bills and Public Lands. Died in Madison,,
January 3, 1870.
Hopkins, George W, — Born in Goochland
County, Virginia, February 22, 1804. He was edu-
cated at the "old field schools" of that day, and for
some years alternately taught school and studied law.
During the years 1833 and 1834 he served in the
House of Delegates, and was elected a Representative
in Congress in 1835, and was re-elected until 1847,.
210
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
serving during one session as Speaker of the House of
Eepresentatives, after which he was appointed by
President Polk Charge d' Affaires of the United States
to Portugal. On his return from Europe, in 1849, he
went a second time into the House of Delegates of
Virginia, and was elected Speaker of the House, He
was subsequently elected a Judge of the Circuit Court
and in 1857 was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress serving as Chairman of the Committee on For-
eign Relations. Died March 2, 1861, at which time
he was a member of the Virginia Legislature.
Hopkins f tTames C, — He was born in Vermont ;
settled in Wisconsin ; and in 1870 was appointed
United States Judge for the Western District of Wis-
consin, residing at Madison.
Hopkins, Jaines Herron, — Bom in Wash-
ington County, Pennsylvania, November 3, 1831 ;
educated at Washington College ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in Pittsburg before he was
of age ; continued engaged in his profession so closely
as to impair his health and oblige him to go to
Europe, and a year after his return he retired from
practice ; has since been engaged in banking, having
been President of the Pennsylvania Bank and direc-
tor of other Institutions of the kind. In 1872 was
candidate for Congress for the State at Large. In
1874 was elected Representative from Pennsylvania to
the Forty-fourth Congress. He was also elected Grand
Master of Knight Templars in the United States in
1874. In December, 1875, he was appointed Chair-
man of the Committee on the Centennial.
Hopkins f Samuel, — He was born in Albemarle
County, Virginia. He served with distinction in the
Revolutionary war, having fought at Princeton,
Trenton, Monmouth, Brandywine, and Germantown,
and also as Lieutenant-Colonel of a Virginia regiment
at the siege of Charleston. He removed to Kentucky
in 1797, served a number of years in the State Legis-
lature ; in 1812 led two thousand troops against the
Kickapoo Indians ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Kentucky, from 1813 to 1815. He died at
an advanced age in October, 1819.
Hopkins, Samuel M, — He graduated at Yale
College in 1791, and was a Representative in Congress
from New York, from 1813 to 1815. He was an emi-
nent lawyer, and much respected as a philanthropist
and a Christian. He died at Geneva, New York,
October 8, 1837, aged sixty-five years.
Hopkins, Stephen, — He was born in Scituate,
Massachusetts, March 7, 1707 ; was brought up a
farmer ; in 1742 removed to Providence and entered
the mercantile business ; from 1751 to 1754 he was
Chief Justice of the Superior Court ; in 1755 he was
elected Governor of the State, and, with the exception
of four years, served until 1768. He was a Delegate
to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777, and
also in 1778, and a signer of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence. In 1765 he published, by order of the
Assembly, " Rights of the Colonies Examined, and an
Account of Providence," in two volumes. Died July
13,1785.
Hopkinson, Francis, — Born in Philadelphia
in 1738 ; Tiis father died when he was fourteen years
of age, and after having been taught by his mother,
he entered the University of Pennsylvania, where he
graduated. He studied law, but was fond of fine
arts, and indulged in humorous satire. In 1765 he
visited England, and remained there two years. On
the breaking out of the Revolution he rendered good
service to the American cause by the power of his
pen. He was a signer of the Declaration of Indepen-
dence ; a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continen-
tal Congress in 1776 and 1777 ; he was a Judge of the
Admiralty Court ; and subsequently a Judge of the
United States District Court. Died of apoplexy, May
9, 1791.
Hopkinson, Joseph, — Born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, November 12, 1770 ; was educated at
the University of his native State, from which Insti-
tution, as well as from Nassau Hall and Harvard Uni-
versity, he subsequently received the degree of LL. D.
He studied law, and commenced to practice at the
age of twenty at Easton, and afterwards at Philadel-
phia, and became eminent in his profession. He
was the leading counsel of Dr. Rush in his famous
suit against William Cobbett in 1799, and was also
engaged by Judge Chase in his impeachment case be-
fore the United States Senate. In 1815 he was a
Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, and
served until 1819, after which he resided in Borden-
town. New Jersey, until appointed by President John
Quincy Adams Judge of the District Court of the
United States for the Eastern District of Pennsyl-
vania, when he returned to Philadelphia, and held this
office until his death. In 1837 he was a member of
the Constitutional Convention of the State ; was one
of the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania ;
was President of the Philadelphia Academy of Fine
Arts, and Vice-President of the American Philosophi-
cal Society. He published many interesting ad-
dresses, and wrote the song "Hail Columbia." He
died at Philadelphia, January 15, 1842.
Hoppin, William W, — He was Governor 'of
Rhode Island for three years, beginning with 1854,
and was otherwise honorably identified with the State.
Horn, Henry, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1833.
Hornbeck, John TV, — He was a native of New
Jersey, and a graduate of Union College, New York.
Removed to Pennsylvania, and turned his attention to
the profession of law. He was a member of the
House of Representatives in Congress, from Pennsyl-
vania, from 1847 to 1848, and died at Allentown,
Pennsylvania, January 16, 1848.
Hornhlower, Joseph C, — Born in Belleville,
New Jersey, May 6, 1777 ; received a classical and
mathematical education ; studied law and came to
the bar in 1803 ; in 1832 he was appointed Chief Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, which
position he occupied until 1846. He was also a mem-
ber of the State Constitutional Convention of 1844,
and in 1856 gave a decision which attracted much at-
tention, and in which he declared that Congress had
no right to pass a fugitive slave law. He was also
Vice-President of the Philadelphia Convention which
nominated Fremont for the Presidency. He was
connected with many of the religious and benevo-
lent organizations of his native State, and died in
Newark, June 11, 1864.
Hornhlower, Josiah, — Was born in Stafford-
shire, England, in 1729. Did not receive a University
education, but was a great student and made himself
acquainted with many important branches of science,
and adopted the profession of civil engineering. In
1751 he came to America to build a steam engine at
the copper mines near Belleville, New Jersey. This
is said to have been the first engine built in North
America. He became interested in mineralogy and
mining. He espoused the cause of American Inde-
pendence ; was several years in the State Legislature,
serving as Speaker : and was a Delegate to the Con-
tinental Congress from 1785 to 1786. He was Justice
of the Peace for a long period, and in 1798 was ap-
pointed Judge of Essex County Court, which position
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
211
he held till his death, which occurred January 31,
1809.
Horsey, Oiiterhridge, — He was a native of
Delaware, and born in 1777 ; after completing his
classical education, he studied law, under James A.
Bayard, and rose to eminence in his profession. He
was for many years Attorney-General of the State,
and was a Senator in Congress from Delaware from
1810 to 1821. He died at Needwood, Maryland, June
9, 1843.
Horton, Thomas JR, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1855 to 1857.
Horton, Valentine B, — He was born at Wind-
sor, Vermont, January 29, 1802 ; was educated at
Partridge's Military Academy in that State ; and after
that institution was removed to Middletown, Connecti
cut, he became a teacher therein. He studied law
at Middletown, and was admitted to the bar in 1830,
after which he removed to and practiced his profes-
sion in Pittsburg. He removed to Cincinnati, Ohio,
in 1833, where he followed his profession for two
years, and in 1835 removed to Pomeroy, Ohio, his
present residence, where he engaged in mining and
manufacturing. He was a member of the Ohio " Con-
stitutional Convention " of 1850, and in 1854 he was
elected a Representative to the Thirty -fourth Con-
gress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, his busi-
ness affairs causing him to decline a nomination for
the next Congress. He was, however, re-elected to
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Ways and Means. In 1861 he was a member
of the " Peace Congress," held in Washington. He
was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists'
Convention " of 1866.
Hosford, Jedediah. — He was born in Vermont,
and, having removed to New York, was elected a
Representative to Congress from that State from 1851
to 1853.
Hoskins, George G. — ^He was born in Benning-
ton, New York, December 24, 1824 ; received an aca-
demic education ; engaged in mercantile pursuits ;
was elected Clerk of his native town in 1849, and held
the office three years ; Justice of the Peace for twelve
successive years ; Supervisor in 1862 ; was appointed
Postmaster at Bennington, holding it under three
Presidents ; was a member of the Assembly of the
State in 1860, 1865, and 1866 ; and in 1865 was chosen
Speaker ; in 1868 was appointed State Commissioner
of Public Accounts, and held the office three years ;
in 1871 appointed Collector of Internal Revenue, re-
signing in 1873, having been elected to the Forty-third
Congress, serving on the Committee on Accounts ;
and he was re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Hosmer, Hezekiah L, — He was a Representa-
tive to Congress from New York from 1797 to 1799.
Hosmer, H, L. — He was appointed Chief Justice
of the United States Court for the Territory of
Idaho.
Hosmer, Stephen Titns. — Bom in Middletown,
Connecticut, in 1763 ; graduated at Yale College in
1782 ; began to practice law at Middletown, about
1785 ; was many years a member of the Council of
State ; after the adoption of the State Constitution,
Chief Justice from 1815 to 1833. Died in Middletown,
August 5, 1834.
Hosmer, Titus, — Born at Middletown, Connecti-
cut, in 1736 ; was a member of the Council ; of the
Assembly from 1773 to 1778 ; Speaker in 1777; Dele-
gate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1779 ;
and in January, 1780, was appointed Judge of the
Maritime Court of Appeals for the United States. He
was a signer of the Articles of Confederation. He
was the patron of Joel Barlow who wrote a poem on
his death, inscribed to his widow. He died at Mid-
dletown, August 4, 1780.
Hostetter, tTacob, — He was born in York, Penn-
sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State in 1814, in the place of J. Spangler re-
signed, and from 1819 to 1821.
Hotchkiss, Giles TV. — Born in Windsor, Broome
County, New York, October 25, 1815 ; a lawyer by
profession ; in 1862 he v/as elected a Representa-
tive from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committees on Claims,
and on Private Land Claims. Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
Claims, and Private Land Claims. Re-elected to the
Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving as Chair-
man of Civil Service, and on the Committee on
Claims.
Hotchkiss, tTulius, — He was born in Middle-
town, Connecticut, in 1810 ; received a common-
school education ; turned his attention to mercantile
pursuits, which he subsequently merged into the
manufacturing business ; when his native place was
organized into a city, he was elected its first Mayor ;
he was twice elected to the State Legislature ; was a
candidate in 1854 for the office of Comptroller of the
State ; and in 1867 he was elected a Representative
from Connecticut to the Fortieth Congress, serving
on the Committees on Territories and Freedmen's
Affairs. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress.
Hoiick, tfacoh, Jr, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
1841 to 1843.
Hough, David, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New Hampshire from 1803 to 1807.
Hough, JVilliam tT, — He was born in New
York ; served in the Assembly of that State, in 1835
and 1836 ; and was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1845 to 1847.
Houghton, Sherman O. — He was born in New
York, April 10, 1828 ; educated at a commercial insti-
tute ; entered the army as a private in 1846, and was
sent to California and afterwards to Mexico, where he
served until the close of the war with that country,
having been promoted to the rank of Lieutenant ;
adopted the profession of law ; was Mayor of San
Francisco in 1855 ; and elected to the Forty-second
and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Commit-
tees on Post Offices and Post Roads, Pacific Railroad,
and Weights and Measures.
House, John F, — Born in Williamson County,
Tennessee, January 9, 1827 ; graduated at Lebanon
Law School in 1850, and settled in Clarksville to
practice law. He was elected a member of the State
Legislature in 1853 ; was a Presidential Elector in
1860 ; in 1861 was a member of the Provisional Con-
gress of Confederate States ; entered the Southern
Army and remained till the close of the war ; and
was paroled at Columbus, Mississippi, soon after the
surrender. He was a member of the House of the
Tennessee Constitutional Convention of 1870, and was
elected in 1784 a Representative from Tennessee to
the Forty-fourth Congress.
Houston, George S* — ^He was born in William-
son County, Tennessee, January 17, 1811, but re-
212
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
moved, when quite young, to the Fifth Congressional
District of Alabama, where he was educated, and has
since resided. Soon after attaining the age of twenty-
one he was admitted to the bar, and elected to the
Alabama Legislature and served two sessions. He
was also, for a time. Attorney for the State, or Solici-
tor ; and was a second time elected to the Legisla-
ture. He was elected a Representative to Congress
in 1841, and continued to serve, by successive elec-
tions, until 1849, when he voluntarily retired, for the
purpose of resuming the practice of law. He was
again elected to Congress, in 1851, and subsequently
re-elected, serving on several of the leading Commit-
tees, and officiating during the Thirty-fifth Congress
as Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary ;
having, during a former session, acted as Chairman of
the Committee on Ways and Means. He was also a
member of the special Committee of Thirty-three.
Withdrew in February, 1861. He was a Delegate to
the Philadelphia " National Union Convention" of
1866. He was Governor of Alabama from 1874 to
1876.
Houston f James. — He was born in Maryland ;
was liberally educated, and adopted the profession
of law ; and in 1806 he was appointed, by President
Jefferson, United States Judge for the District of
Maryland.
Houston f John. — He was early distinguished
in the Revolutionary movement, and was one of the
four persons to call the first meeting of the Friends of
Liberty, in 1774, at Savannah ; was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777 ; and was a
member of its first Naval Committee, and would have
signed the Declaration of Independence had he not
been called home to counteract the influence of Dr.
Zubly in opposition to it. He was a member of the
State Council in May 1777 ; Governor of Georgia from
1778 to 1784 ; in 1792 appointed first Judge of the
Supreme Court of Georgia ; and in 1787 Commissioner
for settling the boundary between Georgia and South
Carolina. He died in Savannah, July 20, 1796. He
was the son of Sir Patrick Houston.
Houston f John W. — Born in Sussex County,
Delaware ; studied at Newark Academy, and gradu-
ated at Yale College in 1834. He studied law with
John M. Clayton, and was admitted to the bar in 1837.
He was Secretary of State in 1841 ; a Representative
in Congress from Delaware from 1845 to 1851 ; and in
1856 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of
Delaware. He was a Delegate to the " Peace Con-
gress " of 1861.
Houston^ Sam. — Born in Rockbridge County,
Virginia, March 2, 1793. He lost his father when
quite young, and his mother removed with her family
to the banks of the Tennessee, at that time the limit
of civilization. Here he received but a scanty edu-
cation ; he passed several years among the Cherokee
Indians, and, in fact, through all his life, he seems to
have held opinions with Rousseau, and retained a
predilection for life in the wilderness. After having
served for a time as clerk to a country trader and
kept a school, in 1813 he enlisted in the army, and
served under General Jackson in the war with the
Greek Indians. He distinguished himself on several
occasions, and, at the conclusion of the war, he had
risen to the rank of Lieutenant, but soon resigned his
commission and commenced the study of law at Nash-
ville. It was about this time that he began his polit-
ical life. After holding several minor offices in Ten-
nessee, he was, in 1823, elected to Congress, and con-
tinued a member of that body until, in 1827, he be-
came Governor of Tennessee. In 1829, before the ex-
piration of his gubernatorial term, he resigned his of-
fice, and went to take up his abode among the Chero.
kees in Arkansas. During his residence among the
Indians he became acquainted with the frauds prac-
ticed upon them by the Government agents, and un-
dertook a mission to Washington for the purpose of
exposing them. In the execution of this project he
met with but little success ; he became involved in
lawsuits, and returned to his Indian friends. During
a visit to Texas he was requested to allow his name
to be used in the canvass for a Convention which was
to meet to form a Constitution for Texas, prior to its
admission into the Mexican Union. He consented,
and was unanimously elected. The Constitution
drawn up by the Convention was rejected by Santa
Anna, at that time in power, and the disaffection of
the Texans caused thereby, was still further height-
ened by a demand upon them to give up their arms.
They determined upon resistance ; a militia was or-
ganized, and Austin, the founder of the colony, was
elected Commander-in-Chief, in which office he was
shortly after succeeded by General Houston. He con-
ducted the war with vigor, and finally brought it to
a successful termination by the battle of San Jacinto,
which was fought in April, 1836. In May, 1836, he
signed a treaty acknowledging the independence of
Texas, and in October of the same year he was inau-
gurated the first President of the Republic. At the
end of his term of office, as the same person could not
constitutionally be elected President twice in succes-
sion, he became a member of the Texas Congress. In
1841, however, he was again elevated to the Presi-
dential chair. During the whole time that he held
that office, it was his favorite policy to effect the an-
nexation of Texas to the United States ; but he re-
tired from office before the consummation of his
wishes. In 1846 Texas became one of the States of
the Union, and General Houston was elected to the
Senate, of which body he remained a member until
1859, the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving
on the Committee on Indian Affairs ; in 1859 he was
elected Governor of Texas. In a letter that he ad-
dressed to the compiler of this volume, he said, in his
characteristic manner, that he "had risen from a
Sergeant up to President of a Republic, and down to
a Senator of the United States Senate." Died in
Huntersville, Texas, July 25, 1863. His name was
Sam, not Samuel as generally printed.
Houston, William. — He was a Delegate from
Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1784 to
1787, and was a member of the Convention which
formed the Federal Constitution, but did not sign the
instrument.
Houston f William C. — He graduated at Prince-
ton College in 1768 ; was a Professor of Mathematics
in the same ; and a Delegate from New Jersey to the
Continental Congress from 1779 to 1782, and again in
1784 and 1785. Died in 1788.
Hovei/f Alvin P. — Born at Mount Vernon, Ohio,
May 8, 1821 ; studied law and came to the bar in
1843 ; entered the volunteer service during the Rebel-
lion as a Major ; served with distinction as Colonel
and Brigadier-General at Shiloh, Corinth, Champion
Hill and Vicksburg, and was made a brevet Major-
General. After the war he resigned and was ap-
pointed Minister Resident to Peru in 1866.
Hoivardf JSenjamin. — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Kentucky from 1807 to 1810,
when he was appointed Governor of Indiana Territory.
He was appointed Brigadier-General in the United
States Army in 1813 ; and was once Governor of Mis-
souri Territory. He died at St. Louis, Missouri, Sep-
tember 18, 1814.
Hoivardf Benjamin C. — He was born in Mary-
land ; graduated at Princeton College in 1809 ; com-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
213
manded a volunteer company at the battle of North
Point in 1814 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1828 ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Maryland
from 1829 to 1833, and again from 1835 to 1839 ; from
1835 to 1850 he was a General of Militia ; was a Re-
porter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of the
United States from 1843 to 1862; and Democratic can-
didate for Governor of Maryland in 1861. Died in
Baltimore in 1872, aged 81 years. He was also a Del-
egate to the "Peace Congress" of 1861 ; son of John
E. Howard.
Howard, Qeorge, — ^He was a native of Mary-
land ; became acting Governor in 1831, and in 1832
he was elected Governor of Maryland, remaining in
oflace until 1833.
Hoivardf Henry, — He was born in Cranston,
Rhode Island, April 2, 1826 ; studied law and came to
the bar in 1851 ; after practicing eight years, went in
commercial business ; served a number of years in the
State Legislature ; was a Delegate to the National
Convention of 1856, which nominated Fremont ; was
a Presidential Elector in 1872 ; and in 1873, without
soliciting the honor, was elected Governor of Rhode
Island; and re-elected in 1874, and declined are-nom-
ination for 1875. He is a man of culture and more
fond of literature than politics.
Howard, Jacob M, — He was born in Shafts-
bury, Vermont, July 10, 1805 ; was educated at the
Academies of Bennington and Brattleborough, and
at Williams' College, where he graduated in 1830 ;
studied law, and taught in an academy in Massachu-
setts for a time ; removed to Michigan in 1832, and
came to the bar of that Territory in 1833 ; in 1838 he
was a member of the Legislature of the State ; from
1841 to 1843 he was a Representative in Congress from
Michigan ; in 1854 he was elected Attorney-General of
the State, twice re-elected, serving in all six years ;
in 1862 he was elected a Senator in Congress, in
place of K. S. Bingham, deceased, for the term ending
in 1865, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the
Pacific Railroad, and as a member of the Committees
on Military Affairs, the Judiciary, and Private Land
Claims. He was re-elected a Senator in Congress for
the term commencing in 1865 and ending in 1871, serv-
ing on the Committees on Claims, Private Land Claims,
the Library, the Special Joint Committee on the Rebel-
lious States, and as Chairman of that on Ordnance. He
received from Williams College in 1866, the degree of
LL.D. , and was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loy-
alists' Convention " of the same year. Died at Detroit,
April 2, 1871, As an author he published in 1847 a
translation from the French of the ' ' Secret Memoirs
of the Empress Josephine. " He drew up the platform
of the first convention ever held of the Republican
party in 1854, and is said to have given it its name.
Howard, John Eager. — He was born June
4, 1752, in Baltimore County, Maryland, and gradu-
ated at Princeton College. He entered the army in
1776 as a Captain in the Regiment of Colonel J, C.
Hall ; in the following year he was promoted, till
finally he succeeded to the command of the Second
Maryland Regiment. He was an efficient coadjutor
of Greene during the campaign of the South, distin-
guishing himself at the battle of Cowpens, when,
says Lee, " he seized the critical moment, and turned
the fortune of the day ; " also at Guilford, and the
Eutaws. He was in the engagement of White Plains,
Germantown, Monmouth, Camden, and Hobkirk's Hill.
Having been trained to the infantry service, he was
remarkably apt at charging into close battle with
fixed bayonet ; at Cowpens this mode of fighting was
resorted to for the first time in the war, and in this
battle he had in his hands at one time the swords of
seven officers who had surrendered to him personally.
On this occasion he saved the life of the British
General O'Hara, whom he found clinging to his stir-
rup and asking quarter. When the army was dis-
banded he retired to his patrimonial estate near Bal-
timore. In 1787 he was a Delegate to the Continental
Congress, and was in 1788 chosen Governor of Mary-
land, and held the office three years. He was a
Presidential Elector in 1792 ; and a Senator of the
United States from Maryland from 1796 to 1803, and
was President pro tern, of the Senate in the Sixth
Congress. He died October 12, 1827.
Howard, Tilghman A, — Born near Pickens-
ville. South Carolina, November 14, 1797. He re-
ceived a limited education, and commenced active
life as a clerk in a store, and as a schoolmaster ; re-
moved to Tennessee and devoted himself to the law ;
when twenty-seven years of age was elected a mem-
ber of the Tennessee Legislature ; was a Jackson
Elector in 1830 ; during that year removed to Indiana,
and was appointed, by President Jackson, District
Attorney for that State ; and was appointed Charge
d' Affaires to Texas in 1844, in which Republic he
died, August 16, 1844. His term of service as a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Indiana was from 1839
to 1841.
Hoivard, Volney IE, — He was born in Norridge-
wock, Maine ; studied law ; emigrated to Mississippi,
where he distinguished himself as an editor, and
fought two duels, first with S. S. Prentiss, and next
with Governor McNutt ; and, having emigrated to
Texas, was elected a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1849 to 1853.
Howard, William, — Born in Virginia, and was
elected a Representative from Ohio, to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving on the Committee' on Revisal
and Unfinished Business.
Hoivard, JVilliam A, — He was born in Ver-
mont ; graduated at Middlebury College in 1839 ;
and, having taken up his residence in Michigan, was
elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a mem-
ber of the Committee on Ways and Means. Having
contested the seat of G. B. Cooper in 1860, he became
a member of the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a
member of the select Committee of Thirty-three. In
1861 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Post-
master at Detroit. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. In
1869 he was appointed Minister to China, but
declined the position.
Howe, Albert R, — He was born in Brookfield,
Massachusetts, January 2, 1840 ; was well educated ;
served in the Forty-seventh Massachusetts Infantry
as Sergeant, Lieutenant, and Acting Adjutant, par-
ticipating in the campaign in North Carolina ; was
commissioned Second Lieutenant in the Fifth Massa-
chusetts Cavalry ; promoted to be Major, serving in
Virginia and Texas until November, 1865 ; settled in
Mississippi, on a cotton plantation, in 1865 ; was a
member of the Mississippi State Convention in 1868 ;
a Delegate to the Chicago National Convention in
1868 ; appointed Treasurer of Panola County in 1869 ;
was a member of the Legislature in 1870, 1871, and
1872 ; and elected to the Forty-third Congress serving
on the Committee on Claims.
Hoive, tTames H, — He was born in Maine ; re-
moved to Wisconsin ; and in 1873 was appointed
United States Judge for the Western District of Wis-
consin, residing in Kenosha.
Howe, John TV, — He was born in New Hamp-
shire, and, having settled in Pennsylvania, was
214
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
elected a Representative in Congress from 1849 to
1853.
HoivSf Thomas JK. — ^He was born in Vermont,
and, having settled in Pennsylvania, was elected a
Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1855. He
was for many years Cashier, and then President, of
the Exchange Bank, of Pittsburg.
Howe, Tho^nas Y. tfr, — He was a native of
New York, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1851 to 1853.
Howe, Timothy O. — Was born in Livermore,
Oxford County, Maine, February 7, 1816 ; received an
academical education at the Readfield Seminary ;
studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1839 ;
settled at Readfield, and was elected to the Legisla-
ture of Maine in 1845 ; in the latter part of that year
he removed to Green Bay, Wisconsin ; was elected a
Circuit Judge in that State, in 1850, holding the
oflBce until 1855, when he resigned ; and in 1861 he
was elected a Senator in Congress from Wisconsin,
for the term ending in 1867 ; serving on the Com-
mittees on Finance, Commerce, Pensions and Claims,
and as Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled
Bills and of those on the Library and Claims, and
subsequently on those on Appropriations and Revolu-
tionary Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Phil-
adelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866, and in
January, 1867, he was re-elected to the Senate for the
term ending in 1873 ; and again for the term ending
in 1879, serving as Chairman of the Committees on
Claims and the Library of Congress.
Howell, Havid, — Born in New Jersey, January
1, 1747 ; graduated at New Jersey College in 1766 ;
removed to Rhode Island and was appointed Profes-
sor of Natural Philosophy and Mathematics in 1796 ;
and from 1790 to 1824 was Professor of Law in Brown
University. He practiced this profession in Provi-
dence, and became eminent ; was for some time Attor-
ney-General of the State and Judge of the Supreme
Court. He was a Delegate to the Continental Con-
gress from 1782 to 1785 ; and after the re-organization
of the General Government, was appointed Commis-
sioner to settle the Eastern Boundary of the United
States ; was subsequently District Attorney ; and
from 1812 to his death, was District Judge for Rhode
Island. He was a distinguished classical scholar and
political writer. He died July 29, 1824.
Howellf Edwwrd, — He was a member of the
New York Assembly in 1832, and a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1833 to 1835.
Howell, Elias, — He was bom in New Jersey,
and having taken up his residence in Ohio, was
elected a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1835 to 1837.
Howell, James B, — He was born in New Jer-
sey, July 4, 1816 ; removed to Newark, Licking Coun-
ty, Ohio, in 1819 ; graduated at Miami University in
1837 ; studied law, and admitted to the bar in 1839 ;
moved to Iowa in 1841, where he practiced law for
several years ; in 1845 he purchased a paper and has
ever since been engaged in the newspaper business ;
removing to Keokuk in 1849, he started the Daily
Whig, afterwards the Daily Gate City ; took a prom-
inent part in organizing the Republican Party in Iowa
in 1855 and 1856 ; was a Delegate to the Fremont Con-
vention in 1856, and was elected to the United States
Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of
W. Grimes, in January, 1870. In 1871 he was ap-
pointed a member of the Southern Claims Commis-
sion.
Howell, Jeremiah S. — He was a native of
Rhode Island, and graduated at Brown University in
1789 ; was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island
from 1811 to 1817, and died in 1822, aged fifty years.
Hotvell, Nathaniel, — He graduated at Prince-
ton College in 1788, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York from 1813 to 1815, and died at
Canandaigua, New York, October 16, 1851, aged
eighty-one years.
Howell, HicJiard, — Born in Delaware, 1754;
practiced law ; commanded a company of Grenadiers
before the Revolutionary War ; was in 1775 appointed
Captain of the Second New Jersey Regiment ; distin-
guished himself at Quebec ; was promoted to Major
in 1776 ; and commanded his regiment till 1779 ; was
appointed Judge Advocate of the Army in 1782, but
declined. Resuming the practice of law, he was
Clerk of the Supreme Court from 1778 to 1793 ; and
Governor from 1794 to 1801. He died at Trenton,
New Jersey, April 28, 1802.
Hotvell, Willia7n F. — He was born in Michi-
gan, and removed to New York, from which State he
was appointed an Associate Justice of the United
States Court for the Territory of Arizona.
Howland, Benjamin, — He was a native of
Rhode Island ; was a Senator in Congress from that
State from 1804 to 1809, and died May 6, 1821.
Howley, Hichard, — He was a Delegate from
Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1780 to
1781.
Huhard, Edmtind W, — He was born in Vir-
ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1841 to 1847.
Hubbard, Asahel W, — He was born in Had-
dam, Connecticut, January 18, 1819 ; received a dis-
trict-school education ; removed to Indiana in 1838,
and taught school for a time ; studied law, and came
to the bar in 1841 ; in 1847 he was elected to the In-
diana Legislature, and served three years ; in 1857 he
removed to Iowa, and was chosen Judge of the Fourth
Judicial District of that State ; and in 1862 he was
elected a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Commit-
tee on Foreign Affairs, and of the Special Committee to
visit the Indian Tribes of the West. Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
Public Expenditures and Indian Affairs ; also re-
elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his old
Committees.
Hubbardf Chester D. — He was born in Ham-
den, Connecticut, November 25, 1814 ; removed with
his parents to Western Pennsylvania in 1815 ; thence
to Wheeling, Virginia, in 1819 ; graduated at the
Wesleyan University in 1840 ; was engaged in the
lumber, iron, and banking business ; in 1852 and 1853
he was a member of the Virginia Legislature ; was
a member of the "Richmond Convention" of 1861,
and also of the " Wheeling Convention " of the same
year ; served one term in the Senate of West Virgin-
ia, after its organization ; was a Delegate to the
"Baltimore Convention" of 1864 ; was the Commis-
sioner from West Virginia to the soldiers' National
Cemetery, and was elected a representative from that
State to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Manufactures, and on Banking and
Currency. He was also re-elected to the Fortieth
Congress, serving on old Committees and as Chairman
of that on Interior Department Expenses.
Hubbard, David, — He was born in Virginia,
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
215
and was a Representative in Congress from Alabama
from 1839 to 1841, and for a second term from 1849 to
1851.
Hubbard f DetnaSf Jt\ — Born in Winfield,
County of Herkimer, New York, January 17, 1806 ;
received an academical education ; was devoted to
farming and the practice of law ; was for many years
Supervisor of Chenango County, and four years Chair-
man of the Board ; from 1838 to 1840 he was a mem-
ber of the State Legislature ; and in 1864 he was
elected a Representative from New York to the Thir-
ty-ninth Congresss, serving on the Committee on the
Post Office and Post Roads. Died in Smyrna, New
York, September 2, 1873.
Hubbard, Henry, — He was born in Charles-
town, New Hampshire, May 3, 1784 ; graduated at
Dartmouth College in 1803 ; studied law, and com-
menced practice in Charlestown. He came early into
public life. He was frequently a member of the
State Legislature, and for some years Speaker of the
House. He was Judge of Probate for Sullivan Coun-
ty from 1827 to 1829 ; a Representative in Congress
from 1829 to 1835 ; and a Senator in Congress from
1835 to 1841. He was also Governor of New Hamp-
shire in 1842 and 1843 ; and from 1846 to 1849 United
States Assistant Treasurer in Boston. For a part of
the time during the Twenty-eighth Congress, he
acted as Speaker of the House of Representatives,
He died at Charlestown, New Hampshire, June 5, 1857.
Hubbard, John. — Bom in Readfield, Maine,
March 22, 1794 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in
1816 ; a supporter of the Maine Liquor Law. Taught
at Hallowell Academy, Maine, two years ; and in
Dinwiddie County, Virginia, two years ; and also
practiced medicine in the latter place from 1822 to
1829 ; removed to Hallowell in 1830 ; was State
Senator in 1842 and 1843 ; Governor of Maine from
1850 to 1853 ; agent for the United States Treasury
for the New England States from 1857 to 1859, and
from 1859 to 1861 a Commissioner under the Reciproc-
ity Treaty with Great Britain. Received the degree
of M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1822;
and LL.D. from Wat College in 1851. Died at Hal-
lowell, February 6, 1869.
Hubbard, John H, — He was born in Salisbury,
Litchfield County, Connecticut, in 1805 ; received a
good common-school education ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1826, and was a regular
practitioner of his profession until 1855. For five
years he was Attorney for the County of Litchfield ;
was twice elected to the State Senate ; and early in
1863 he was elected a Representative from Connecti-
cut, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Patents and Expenditures in the Post
Office Department. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Roads and
Canals, and on Patents. He was also a Delegate to
the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.
Hubbard, Jonathan H. — Born in 1768. He
was one of the oldest and most esteemed citizens of
Vermont, and was distinguished as a jurist ; he was
a Representative in Congress from 1809 to 1811, and
for many years was one of the Judges of the Supreme
Court of Vermont. His death occurred where most
of his life was spent, at Windsor, Vermont, Septem-
ber 20, 1849.
Hubbard, Joseph Still/man, — Born in New
Haven, Connecticut, September 7, 1823 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1843 ; was assistant in the High
School Observatory in 1844 ; appointed Professor of
Mathematics at the Naval Observatory at Washing-
ton in 1845, which position he occupied until his
death. The volumes of Washington " Observations "
exhibit his skill as an observer and a computer. He
made valuable contributions to Gould's Astronomical
Journal ; one on Biela's Comet, and on the orbit of
Egeria The article " Telescope " in the New Amer-
ican Encyclopmdia was written by him. He died in
New Haven, August 16, 1863.
Hubbard, Levi, — H« was a Representative in
Congress from Massachusetts from 1813 to 1815 ; a
State Senator in 1806, 1807, 1811, and 1816 ; also for
some years a County Treasurer ; a State Councilor in
1829 ; a Presidential Elector in 1820 and 1828 ; hav-
ing also been in 1804 and 1805 a member of the State
Legislature.
Hnbbard, Richard X), — He was born in Ber-
lin, Connecticut, September 7, 1818 ; graduated at
Yale College ; studied law, and devoted his whole at-
tention to the profession ; and in 1867 was elected a
Representative from Connecticut to the Fortieth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Claims and Ex-
penditures in the Post Office Department.
Hubbard, Samuel Dickinson, — Born at Mid-
dletown, Connecticut, AAgust 10, 1799, and died at
the same place, October 8, 1855 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1819 ; studied law, but did not practice,
devoting himself chiefly to the manufacturing busi-
ness ; he served as a Representative through the
Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses ; in 1852 he
was appointed Postmaster-General, and held the office
until the close of President Fillmore's administration,
after which he retired to private life. He was zeal-
ous in the cause of education, and assisted in the es-
tablishment of the City High School at Middletown.
Hubbard, Thomas H, — He was a native of
New Haven, Connecticut, and a graduate of Yale Col-
lege in 1798. He studied law, and settled at Hamil-
ton, in Madison County, New York, and was there
Surrogate for ten years. In 1823 he removed to Utica,
and was a Representative in Congress from New York
from 1817 to 1819, and from 1821 to 1823. He was
chosen Presidential Elector in 1812, 1844, and 1852.
He died in Utica, May 22, 1857, aged seventy-six
years.
Hubbell, Edwin 2V. — He was born in Coxsackie,
New York, August 13, 1815 ; received an academical
education ; was chiefly devoted to the pursuits of
manufacturing and farming ; held for a time the
office of County Supervisor ; and in 1864 was elected
a Representative from New York to the Thirty- ninth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufac-
tures, Expenditures in the War Department, and Free
Schools in the District of Columbia.
Hubbell, James H, — He was born in Delaware
County, Ohio, in 1824, received an ordinary educa-
tion ; adopted the profession of law ; served four
times in the State Legislature, and twice as Speaker
of the House ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ;
and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from
Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the
Committees on the War Department and Agriculture.
He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyal-
ists' Convention" of 1866.
Hubbell, Jay A, — He was born in Avon, Michi-
gan, September 15, 1829 ; graduated at the University
of Michigan in 1853 ; was admitted to the bar in
1855 ; removed to Ontonagon, Michigan, in 1855 ; was
elected District Attorney of the Upper Peninsula in
1857 and 1859 ; removed to Houghton in 1860 ; was
elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1861, 1863, and 1865 ;
was engaged in the practice of law until 1870 ; was
elected to the Forty-third Congress, and re-elected to
216
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
the Forty-fourth, serving on the Committees on Bank-
ing and Currency, District of Columbia, and Mines
and Mining.
Hubbellf Sidney A, — He was born in Connecti-
cut, emigrated to New Mexico and was appointed an
Associate Justice of the United States Court for that
Territory, residing at Santa Fe.
Huhhell, William S, — He was born in New
York ; was a member of the Assembly of that State
in 1841 ; and a Representative in Congress from the
same from 1843 to 1845.
Huhley, Edward JB.— From 1835 to 1839 a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Pennsylvania ; and died
February 23, 1856, in Philadelphia.
Hudson,, Charles, — Bom in Marlborough, Mas-
sachusetts, November 14, 1795. He spent his youth
as a student in a village school, and also as a teacher,
and at the age of twenty-one was a day-laborer on a
farm. In 1819 he was licensed as a preacher of the
Universalist persuasion ; was a member of the Massa-
chusetts Legislature from 1828 to 1833 ; a State Sen-
ator from 1833 to 1839 ; a State Councilor from 1839
to 1841 ; and was elected to Congress in 1841, where
he remained until 1849. He was subsequently ap-
pointed Naval Officer for Boston, Massachusetts, by
the Federal Government, serving from 1849 to 1853.
In 1864 he was Assessor of Internal Revenue at Lex-
ington, Massachusetts.
Hudson, Silas A, — He was a citizen of Iowa ;
and in 1869 he was appointed Minister Resident to
Guatemala, where he remained until 1872.
Hufty, tTacoh, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New Jersey from 1809 to 1814.
Hiiger, JBenjamin, — He was a Representative
in Congress from South Carolina from 1799 to 1805,
and for a second term from 1815 to 1817.
Hiigev, Daniel, — He was a member of the
Continental Congress, and a Representative in the
Congress of the United States from South Carolina
from 1789 to 1793.
Huger, Daniel Elliot, — Was a citizen of
Charleston, South Carolina ; graduated at Princeton
College in 1798 ; and for nearly half a century was
identified with the public service of his State as a
member of the Legislature, State Senate, and Judge
of her Courts ; and was a Senator in Congress from
South Carolina from 1843 to 1846. He died in Charles-
ton, in August, 1854.
HugJies, Charles, — He was born in Georgia,
and having settled in New York, was elected a Rep-
resentative in Congress from that State from 1853 to
1855. In 1862 he was appointed Provost-Marshal for
the Sixteenth District of New York.
HtigheSf Christopher, — He was a native of
Maryland, a man of education and culture, and held
the following diplomatic appointments : Secretary of
Legation to England in 1814 ; same to Sweden and
Norway in 1816 ; acted as Charge d' Affaires in 1817,
and commissioned as such in 1819 ; from 1825 to 1830
Charge d' Affaires to the Netherlands, with special in-
structions to Denmark ; from 1830 to 1840 he was
Charge d' Affaires to Sweden and Norway ; re-com-
missioned in 1842, and returned to this country in
1845. He died in Baltimore, September 18, 1849.
Hughes, George JV. — He was born in New
York in 1806 ; was educated at the West Point Acad-
emy, where he graduated in 1827 ; adopted the pro-
fession of Civil Engineer, and employed as such for
some years in New York ; in 1830 he was appointed
a Civil Engineer in the General Government, in which
he remained until 1838, when he was transferred to
the Corps of Topographical Engineers in the Regular
Army ; resigned in 1851 and was made President of
the Northern Central Railroad ; and was elected 1859
a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-sixth
Congress. He visited Europe to perfect himself in
his studies ; helped to locate the railroad across the
Isthmus of Panama; served with distinction in the
War with Mexico, receiving two brevets ; and he died
at West River, Maryland, in 1870.
Hughes, tTarnes. — He was born at Hampstead,
Maryland, November 24, 1823, and was educated at
the State University of Indiana. He began the prac-
tice of law at Bloomington, Indiana, in 1842 ; was ap-
pointed First Lieutenant of the Sixteenth Regiment
of United States Infantry, one of the ten regiments
in the Mexican War, and served till the close of the
War, and then returned to the practice of law in
Bloomington. He was elected Circuit Judge in 1852
for six years ; in 1853 was elected Professor of Law
in the University of Indiana, and served three years.
He was elected a Representative from Indiana in the
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Territories. In 1861 he was appointed
by President Buchanan a Judge of the Court of Claims,
which he resigned in 1865. In May, 1866, he was ap-
pointed by President Johnson a Cotton Agent for the
Treasury Department ; and subsequently settled in
Washington City as an Attorney-at-law, but was soon
afterwards elected to the Legislature of Indiana.
Hughes, fTames W, — He was a native of Ken-
tucky, and a Representative in Congress from Mis-
souri from 1843 to 1845.
Hughes, Robert W, — Born in Powhatan Coun-
ty, Virginia, June 6, 1821, his father, Jesse, having
served in the War of 1812, and his grandfather in the
Revolution ; was chiefly educated at the Caldwell
Institute, North Carolina ; was for a time a tutor in
the Bingham High School ; studied law, and came to
the bar in 1846, locating in Richmond ; from 1853 un-
til 1857 he was the Editor of the Richmond Examiner ;
wrote for two years for the Washington Union ; at-
tended the Charleston Convention of 1860 ; subse-
quently wrote for the Republic and State Journal in
Richmond ; in 1873 he was the Republican candidate
for Governor of Virginia, but not elected ; and in
1874 he was appointed United States District Judge
for the Eastern District of Virginia. He was the
author of two biographies : of Secretary of War John
B. Floyd, and of General Joseph E. Johnston.
Htighes, Thomas H, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from New Jersey from 1829 to 1833.
Hughston, JTonas A, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative from that State to
the Thirty-fourth Congress. In 1845 he was District
Attorney for Delaware County ; and was subsequent-
ly Marshal of Shanghai, where he died in 1862.
Hugunin, Daniel, Jr, — He was born in Mont-
gomery County, New York, and was distinguished as
an officer in the war of 1812, and participated in the
stirring events on the Niagara frontier, and the battle
of Queenstown, with General Scott, where he was
taken prisoner ; he was a member of Congress from
New York from 1825 to 1827 ; and a member of the
New York Legislature, and at a later period United
States Marshal for the Territory of Wisconsin, under
an appointment from President Harrison. He died at
Kenosha, Wisconsin, June, 1850, aged fifty -nine.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
217
Hiilbert, JoTin W, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Massachusetts from 1814 to 1817 ;
having succeeded Daniel Dewey, resigned.
Hulhurd, Calvin T, — He was born in Stock-
holm, St. Lawrence County, New York, June 5, 1809 ;
graduated at Middlebury College, Vermont, in 1829 ;
read law at Yale College, and adopted the occupation
of farming ; was a member of the State Legislature
from 1842 to 1844, and again in 1862 ; and in the lat-
ter year was elected a Representative from New York
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on Agriculture, and as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Public Expenditures ; re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on
the Library, and as Chairman of the Committee on
Public Expenditures ; and also, of that on the Cus-
tom House Frauds in New York. Re-elected to the
Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Re-
construction ; and in 1867 received from Hamilton
College the degree of LL.D.
Hulhiirdf Hiland It, — He was appointed in
1865 Deputy Comptroller of the Currency, and in 1867
he was made Comptroller, remaining in office until
1872.
Hull, William. — He was born in Derby, Con-
necticut, June 24, 1753 ; graduated at Yale College in
1772 ; came to the bar in 1775, but soon entered the
Revolutionary Army as a Captain ; was rapidly pro-
moted, and became Inspector of the Army under
Baron Steuben ; was present at the battles of White
Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Stillwater, Saratoga, Mon-
mouth, and Stony Point, and for his services at Mor-
risiana he received the thanks of Washington. Two
years after his surrender he was tried by court-martial
and sentenced to be shot, but on account of his age
and public services the sentence was remitted by Presi-
dent Madison, by whom he had been made commander-
in-chief. It is now agreed among historians that his
reasons for giving up Detroit to the British General
Brock were not founded in cowardice or disloyalty.
In 1824 he published a series of letters in vindication
of himself, and died at Newtown, Massachusetts, No-
vember 29, 1825.
Humphrey f Charles. — Born in Haverford,
Pennsylvania, about 1712 ; was brought up in the
milling business, in which he was long and exten-
sively engaged ; was a patriot of the Revolution ; a
member of the Provincial Assembly from 1764 to
1774 ; and a Delegate to the Continental Congress
from 1774 to 1776 ; although he opposed the measures
of Great Britain, he voted against the Declaration of
Independence. Died in Haverford in 1786.
Humphrey f James, — Born in Fairfield, Con-
necticut, October 9, 1811 ; graduated at Amherst Col-
lege in 1831, of which his father. Rev. Heman
Humphrey, was for many years President ; had
charge, in 1832, of Plainfield Academy, Connecticut ;
studied law, and settled for practice in Louisville,
Kentucky, where he remained only one year. In 1838
he removed to the city of New York, where he prac-
ticed his profession ; and in 1858 he was elected a
Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on
Foreign Affairs, and of the Select (Committee of
Thirty -three on the Rebellious States. Re-elected to
the Thirty-ninth Congress. During the summer of
1865 he visited Europe on a tour of pleasure. In the
Thirty-ninth Congress he served on the Committee on
Commerce, and as Chairman of the Committee on
Expenditures in the Navy Department. Died in
Brooklyn, New York, June 16, 1866.
Humphrey , J, M, — He was born in Holland,
Erie County, New York, September 21, 1819 ; re-
ceived a common-school education ; adopted the pro-
fession of law ; was District Attorney for Erie County
in 1857, 1858, and 1859, was a member of the State Sen-
ate from 1863 to 1865; and was elected a Representative
from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committee on Commerce and the Special
Committee on the Civil Service. In 1865 he was
President of the " Democratic State Convention."
Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
additional Committee on Expenditures in the State
Department.
Hutnphrey, Reuben, — He was for four years
a Senator in the Legislature of New York from Onon-
daga County ; and a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1807 to 1809.
HuinphreySf Charles, — He was a Delegate
from Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from
1774 to 1776.
Humphreys f David, — He was born in Derby,
Connecticut, in 1753 ; educated at Yale College ; in
1780, became a Colonel and Aid-de-Camp to Wash-
ington, with whom he resided for a considerable
time ; in 1784 he accompanied Thomas Jefferson to
Europe as Secretary of Legation ; in 1786, he was
elected to the Legislature of Connecticut ; was Min-
ister to Portugal in 1791 ; to Algiers in 1793 ; and to
Spain in 1796 ; and he commanded two Connecticut
Regiments in the War of 1812. He acquired consid-
erable fame as a writer, and especially of poetry, and
a collection of his writings was published in New
York in 1804. Died in New Haven, February 21,
1818.
Humphreys, David C, — He was born in Ala-
bama ; and was appointed by President Grant from
that State one of the Judges of the Supreme Court
of the United States, for the District of Columbia.
Humphreys f JTacoh, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1819 to 1821.
Humphreys, Perry W, — He was a Represen-
ative in Congress from Tennessee from 1813 to 1815.
HumprieSf Benjamin G, — He was Governor
of Mississippi from 1866 to 1868.
Hungerford, John P, — Born in 1769 ; was
an officer of the Revolution ; a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1813 to 1817 ; Brigadier-
General of Virginia Militia on the Potomac in 1814 ;
commanding in support of Commodore Porter's artil-
lery at the "White House," in September of that
year. Died at Twiford, Westmoreland County, Vir-
ginia, December 21, 1833.
Hungerfordf Orville, — He was born in Con-
necticut in 1790, and was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1843 to 1847. He died at Water-
town, April 6, 1855.
Hunt, Hiram P, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 to
1843.
Hunt, Jatnes D, — ^He was a native of New
York, and for many years law partner with Michael
Hoffman. He removed to Michigan about the time
of its adiliission into the Union, and was soon called
to responsible public trusts. He was a member of
Congress from Michigan from 1843 to 1847. He died
in Washington, August 15, 1857, aged fifty-eight
years.
218
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Hutitf tfonathan, — He represented the State
of Vermont in Congress from 1827 to 1832, serving on
tlie Committee on Public Lands, and died at Wash-
ington, May 14 of the latter year. He was a graduate
of Dartmouth College in 1807.
Hunt, Samuel, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New Hampshire from 1802 to 1805.
Hunt, Theodore G, — He was born in South
Carolina, and was a Representative in the Thirty-
third Congress from Louisiana.
Hunff Ward, — He was born in Utica, New
York, June 14, 1810, and has always resided in his
native place. He graduated at Union College in 1828,
and turning his attention to law attended the law
lectures of Judge Gould at Litchfield, Connecticut.
In 1865 he was elected a Judge of the Court of Ap-
peals of the State of New York, which position he
held until 1872, when he was appointed a Justice of
the Supreme Court of the United States. Received
from Union College and Rutgers College the degree
of Doctor of Laws.
Huntf Washington, — He was bom in Wind-
ham, Greene County, New York, August 5, 1811. At
the age of eighteen he entered upon the study of law,
and was admitted to the bar at Lockport in 1834. In
1836 he was appointed first Judge of Niagara County,
and was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to
1849, serving during his last term as Chairman of the
Committee on Commerce. In 1849 he was elected
Comptroller of New York, and in 1850 Governor of
the State. He was temporary Chairman of the last
"Whig National Convention" ever held, in 1856;
and in 1860 he was tendered the nomination for the
office of Vice-President, but he declined. Since that
time he has lived in retirement upon a handsome farm
near Lockport, dividing his attention between his
friends, his books, and the pursuits of agriculture.
He was a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention" in
1864, and to the Philadelphia " National Union Con-
vention " of 1866. Died in New York city, February
2, 1867.
Hunter f John, — He was a Representative in
Congress from South Carolina from 1793 to 1795, and
a Senator in Congress from that State from 1795 to
1796.
Hunter f John W, — He was born in the village
of Bedford, Kings County, New York (now within the
limits of the city of Brooklyn), October 15, 1807 ;
after devoting himself in various ways to measures
which looked to the progress and advancement of
his native city, he became identified with the New
York Custom-House as clerk in 1831, and in 1837 as As-
sistant Auditor, in which position he continued until
his resignation in 1865. In 1864 his name was forged
to two checks for six thousand six hundred dollars
and four thousand two hundred dollars, on the As-
sistant Treasurer of New York, and although a suit
was instituted by that officer, the entire innocence of
Mr. Hunter was triumphantly vindicated, and the
Treasurer not only acknowledged his error in the
premises, but out of his own pocket paid all the ex-
penses of the trial. This was considered one of the
most remarkable cases of the kind on record, and
only tended to brighten the fair fame of the tempo-
rary victim. In 1865 he accepted the position of
Secretary of a Banking Institution in Brooklyn ; and
in 1866 he was elected by a large majority a Repre-
sentative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress, in the place of James Humphrey, deceased,
serving on the Committees on Commerce, Banking,
and Currency, and Expenses in the Navy Depart-
ment.
Hunter, Morton C, — He was born in Versailles,
Ripley County, Indiana, February 5, 1825 ; went
through a scientific course of studies in the Indiana
State University ; studied law and graduated as a law-
yer at the above institution. In 1858 he was elected
to the State Legislature ; in 1860 he was a Presidential
Elector ; in 1852 he raised the Eighty-second Regi-
ment of Indiana Volunteers, and as Colonel com-
manded it until the fall of Atlanta in 1864 ; he also
had command of a brigade under General Sherman in
his march to the sea, and continued with the Four-
teenth Army Corps until its arrival in Washington.
In March, 1865, he was brevetted a Brigadier-General ;
and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from
Indiana to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Territories and Mines and Mining.
Re-elected to the Forty-third and Forty-foarth Con-
gresses.
Hunter^ Naisworthy, — He was a Delegate in
Congress from the Territory of Mississippi from 1801
to 1802. Died March 11, 1802.
Hunter f Mobert M, T, — He was born in Essex
County, Virginia, April 21, 1809 ; was educated at
the University of Virginia ; adopted the profession of
law, and came to the bar in 1830; served three years
in the State Legislature ; and was first elected a Rep-
resentative in Congress from his native State in 1837,
when he served two terms, and was re-elected in 1845,
officiating during the Twenty-sixth Congress as
Speaker. In 1847 he was elected a Senator in Con-
gress for a long term, and re-elected for the term end-
ing in 1859, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Finance, and as a member of the Committees on the
Library, and on the Pacific Railroad. He was re-
elected to the Senate in 1859 for another long term,
but was expelled, July, 1861. He took part in the
Rebellion as Secretary of State, and a member of Con-
gress in the Rebel Government. After the Rebellion
he was arrested as a prisoner of State, but released on
his parole, and in 1867 he was pardoned by President
Johnson.
Hunter f Taliaferro, — He was a native of Vir-
ginia, and in 1860 was appointed Fourth Auditor of
the Treasury, which position he only held until 1861.
Hunter, Williain, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Vermont from 1817 to 1819. He was
also a member of the State Legislature in 1807 and
1809, and a State Councilor in 1809, 1814, and 1815.
Hunter, William, — Born in Newport, Rhode
Island, November 23, 1775 ; graduated at Brown Uni-
versity in 1791 ; went to London and studied medi-
cine, but soon changed to the law, and entered at the
Inner Temple in London ; and on his return to New-
port, at the age of twenty-one, was admitted to the
bar. In 1799 he was a Representative in the General
Assembly of Rhode Island, and re-elected at different
periods from that time to the year 1811, when he M'as
chosen a Senator in Congress, and held his seat till
1821. His speeches, especially those on the acquisi-
tion of Florida, and the Missouri Compromise, won
him a high reputation as a sagacious statesman and a
finished orator. In 1824 he was Charge to Brazil, an
office which was, in 1842, raised to a full mission, and
he was continued as Minister till 1845, when he re-
tired from public life, and resided at Newport until
his death, which occurred December 3, 1849.
Hunter f Williain, — Born in Newport, Rhode Isl-
and, November 8, 1805 ; and was son of the former
Senator bearing the same name ; in his fifteenth
year he entered the Military Academy at West Point
as a Cadet, but after two years was obliged to resign
on account of an affection of the eyes ; he subse-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
219
quently resumed study in liis father's office and
prepared himself for the legal profession ; devoting
special attention to the French and Spanish languages;
in 1826 he was admitted to the bar in New Orleans,
where he had long intended to locate ; in 1827 he was
attacked by the yellow fever, and returned to New-
port to recruit his health ; then practiced law in Prov-
idence until 1829, when various circumstances induced
him to accept a clerkship in the Department of State
at Washington, acting chiefly as a translator ; in 1852
he was made Chief Clerk by Daniel Webster ; in 1853
he was offered the position of First Assistant Secre-
tary but declined ; and in 1866 he was appointed
Second Assistant Secretary of the Department, which
lie accepted and in which he still continues.
Hunter f William F, — He was born in Alexan-
dria, Virginia, December 10,. 1808; had few educa-
tional advantages ; practiced the trade of a cabinet-
maker, until 1840 ; and, having studied law, removed
to Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1849 to 1853 ; since which time he has
devoted himself to his profession.
Hunter f JVilUatn H, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Ohio from 1837 to 1839.
Hunthigton, Abel. — He was born in Norwich,
Connecticut, but at an early age removed to East
Hampton, Long Island, and for sixty years was a
practicing physician. He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1833 to 1837. He was
Collector of Sag Harbor, under President Polk ; and
member of the " New York Constitutional Conven-
tion " of 1846. He died at East Hampton, May 18,
1858, aged eighty-two years.
Huntington, Benjamin, — Was a native of
Norwich, Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in
1761, and practiced law in his native town. He was
a Judge of the Superior Court of the State from 1793
to 1798, and was a member of the Continental Con-
gress from 1780 to 1784, and also from 1787 to 1788 ;
and a Representative in Congress under the Constitu-
tion from 1790 to 1791. He was Mayor of Norwich
for twelve years, and he died in 1800. Received from
Dartmouth College the degree of LL.B.
Huntington f JEbenezer.—Re was born in Nor-
wich, Connecticut, December 26, 1754; and died
there June 17, 1834, aged ninety seven years. He
graduated at Yale College in 1775 ; joined the army the
same year as a volunteer ; was soon commissioned as a
Lieutenant ; in 1776 he was appointed a Captain, and
also Deputy Adjutant-General ; in 1777 a Major ; in
1779 a Lieutenant-Colonel ; and he was present at the
surrender of Cornwallis, at Yorktown. He was twice
elected to Congress from Connecticut, serving from
1810 to 1811, and again from 1817 to 1819. In 1799
he was, at the recommendation of Washington, ap-
pointed a Brigadier-General in the army raised by
Congress when expectations were entertained of a
war with France. He was one of the most efficient
men in the army.
Huntington f ElisJia 31,— He was born in New
York, and in 1841 he was appointed Commissioner of
the General Land Office, holding the position until
1842.
Huntington f E, M,—Hq was an emigrant from
New England to Indiana, and about the year 1844
was appointed United States Judge for the District of
Indiana, residing at Terre Haute.
Huntington, Jabez TF.— Born in Norwich,
Connecticut, November 8, 1788, and graduated at
Yale College in 1806. He studied law at Litchfield,
and commenced to practice there, where he remained
thirty years. In 1828 he was elected to the State
Legislature, and in 1829 was a Representative in Con-
gress ; which office he filled until 1834, when he
removed to Norwich, and became a Judge of the
Supreme Court of Errors, and was chosen a Judge of
the Superior Court of his State. He was a Senator
in Congress from 1840 until his death, which occur-
red at Norwich, November 1, 1847.
Huntington, Sam%iel, — He was born in Wind-
ham, Connecticut, July 3, 1732 ; although not liber-
ally educated, he acquired a knowledge of law and
early came to the bar ; settled in Norwich and became
eminent in his profession ; in 1764 he was elected to
the General Assembly of the State ; in 1765 was ap-
pointed King's Attorney ; in 1774 was appointed a
Judge of the Superior Court ; in 1775 elected to the
Council ; was a signer of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, and of the Articles of Confederation ; was
a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1767
to 1784, serving as President in 1779 ; in 1784 he was
appointed Chief Justice ; and he was Governor of the
State of Connecticut from 1786 to 1796, and died
January 5, in the latter year*
Huntington, Samuel, — Born in Coventry,
Connecticut, October 4, 1765 ; was educated by his
uncle, Governor Samuel, of Windham, Connecticut,
and graduated at Yale College in 1785 ; was admitted
to the bar in 1793, ; removed to Ohio in 1800 and set-
tled near Painesville. He was a Judge of the Court
of Common Pleas in 1802 and 1803 ; member of the
Convention that framed the Constitution of the State
in 1802 ; a Senator in the first Legislature and chosen
Speaker ; a Judge of the Superior Court, appointed
April 2, 1803 ; afterwards Chief Justice ; Governor
from 1808 to 1810 ; member of the Legislature in 1811
and 1812 ; District Paymaster in the War of 1812,
with rank of Colonel. Died in Painesville, Ohio,
June 8, 1817.
Huntington, Samuel, — He was a Judge of the
United States Court for the Territory of Michigan.
Huntofl, Eppa, — He was born in Fauquier Coun-
ty, Virginia, September 23, 1823 ; studied and prac-
ticed law ; was State Attorney for the county of
Prince William from 1849 up to 1862 ; elected to the
State Convention in 1861 ; entered the Confederate
Army as Colonel of the Eighth Virginia Infantry ;
promoted after the battle of Gettysburg, and served
through the war as Brigadier-General ; was captured
at Sailor's Creek, in 1865, and imprisoned in Fort War-
ren ; and was elected to the Forty-third and Forty-
fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Mili-
tary Affairs and Monuments. In December, 1875, he
was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Revolu-
tionary Pensions.
Hunt on, Jonathan G, — Bom at Unity, New
Hampshire, in 1781 ; was Governor of Maine in 1830
and 1831, Died in Fairfield, Maine, October 14, 1851.
Huntsman, Adainl — He was a native of Vir-
ginia, and a Representative in Congress from Ten-
nessee from 1835 to 1837.
Hurd, Franh Hunt, — Born in Mount Vernon,
December 25, 1841 ; graduated at Kenyon College in
1858 ; adopted the profession of law ; was made a
county prosecuting attorney in 1863 ; a State Senator
in 1866 ; codified the Criminal Code of Ohio in 1868,
which was duly published ; and in 1874 he was
elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-
fourth Congress.
Hurlbut, Stephen A, — He was born in Charles-
^
220
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
ton, South Carolina, November 29, 1815 ; liberally
educated ; studi ed law, and admitted to the bar in
1837 ; removed to Illinois, settling at Belvidere ; was
elected to the Constitutional Convention of 1847 ; was
a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; a member of the Leg-
islature in 1859, 1861, and 1867 ; Presidential Elector
in 1868 ; appointed Brigadier-General of Volunteers
in 1861 ; commanded the Fourth Division at Pitts-
burg Landing, in 1862 ; was promoted Major-Gen-
eral in 1862 ; assigned to the commands of the Six-
teenth Army Corps at Memphis, and the Department
of the Gulf in 1864 ; was Minister Resident to the
United States of Colombia from 1869 to 1872 ; and
elected to the Forty-third Congress, and re-elected to
the Forty-fourth, serving on the Committees on Rail-
ways and Canals, Civil Service and Mississippi
Levees.
Hutchins, J'ohn, — Born in Vienna Township,
Trumbull County, Ohio, July 25, 1812 ; was chiefly
educated by private tutors, although he spent one
year at the Western Reserve College ; studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in 1837 ; in 1838 was ap-
pointed Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas for
Trumbull County, holding the position five years ; in
1849 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature ; served
a number of years as a Bank Director ; and in 1858
he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-sev-
enth Congrecs, serving as Chairman of the Committee
on Manufactures. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.
Httt chins f Wells A, — Was born in Hartford,
Trumbull County, Ohio, October 8, 1818 ; received
a common-school education ; taught school for sev-
eral years in Ohio and Indiana ; studied law, and
came to the bar in his twenty-third year ; was elected
to the Ohio Legislature in 1851 ; in 1862 he was ap-
pointed one of the six Provost-Marshals for Ohio ;
and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from
Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Commerce.
Hiitsofif Richard, — He graduated at Princeton
College in 1865 ; was a Delegate from South Car-
olina to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779,
and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confed-
eration.
Hiiyler, John, — He was born in New York, and,
having become a citizen of New Jersey, was elected
a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from
that State, and was a member of the Committee on
Agriculture. Died in New York, January 9, 1870.
Hyde, Ira S, — He was born in Guilford, New
York, January 18, 1838 ; received his education at
Oberlin College, Ohio ; studied law and came to the
bar in the spring of 1861, at St. Paul, Minnesota ;
entered the IJnion Army in a Minnesota Cavalry regi-
ment in 1862 ; removed to Missouri in 1866, and en-
gaged in the practice of law ; was appointed Secre-
tary and Attorney of a railroad in 1868 ; was prose-
cuting Attorney ' in 1872 ; and elected to the Forty-
third Congress, serving on the Committee on Elec-
tions.
HymaUf John A dams, — Born in Warrenton,
North Carolina, of slave parents, July 23, 1840 ; was
self-educated, and after his emancipation, in 1865,
was engaged in mercantile pursuits. In the year last
named he became a member of the Board of Educa-
tion for Warren County ; was a member of the Equal
Rights Convention of 1866 ; of the State Constitution-
al Convention of 1868 ; served in the State Legisla-
ture from 1868 to 1874 ; and was elected a Represent-
ative from North Carolina to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress. He was Vice-President of the State Council of
the Union League during its existence in North Car-
olina ; and a Delegate to all the State Republican
Conventions which have assembled since the year
1865.
Hynernan, John M, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1811 to 1813,
when he resigned, and D. Udree was elected in his
place. He was a member of the Legislature of Penn-
sylvania in 1809. In 1810 was commissioned Clerk of
the Orphans' Court of Berks County, and remained in
that office for six years. In 1814 was commissioned
County Surveyor, and remained in that office for ten
years.
HyneSf William J, — Was born in the County
of Clare, Ireland, March 31, 1843 ; came to the United
States in 1854 ; was educated in public and private
schools until sixteen years of age ; learned the art of
printing in the office of the Springfield Republican,
Massachusetts, and has been a printer, lecturer, and
editor ; was a student at the law lectures at Colum-
bia College in 1869 ; admitted to the bar of Little
Rock, Arkansas, in 1870, and was elected to the
Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on
Public Expenditures and Territories. In 1875 he re-
moved to Illinois, locating in Chicago as a lawyer.
IhriCf Peter, — He was a native of Pennsylva-
nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1829 to 1833.
Ilsley, Daniel, — Born in Falmouth, Massachu-
setts, in 1740 ; was a distiller by occupation ; served
three years in the State Legislature ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Massachusetts, from 1807
to 1809. Died in 1813.
Imlay, Jam.es 11,—H.e graduated at Princeton
College in 1786 ; was, for a time, tutor in that institxi-
tion ; and was a Representative in Congress from
New Jersey from 1797 to 1801.
IngallSf John James,— TLe was bom in Mid-
dleton, Massachusetts, December 29, 1833 ; educated
at Williams College ; studied law, and admitted to
the bar in 1857 ; removed to Kansas in 1858 ; was a
member of the Wyandot Convention 1859 ; Secretary
of the Territorial Council in 1860 ; Secretary of the
State Senate in 1861 ; a member of the State Senate
in 1862 ; editor of The Atchison Champion, in
1863 ; was defeated for Lieutenant-Governor in 1862,
and again in 1864 ; engaged in the practice of law ;
was elected to the United States Senate for the term
commencing in 1873 and ending in 1879, serving on
the committees on Pensions, Education and Labor,
and Indian Affairs.
Inge, Samuel TT.— He was born in North
Carolina, and on removing to Alabama, was elected
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1847 to 1851. Subsequently removed to California
and practiced law.
Inge, William M,—Re was born in Tennessee,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1833 to 1835.
Ingersoll, diaries AntJiony,— Born in New
Haven, Connecticut, in 1798; studied law in the
office of his brother, Ralph J. ; attained eminence in
his profession ; held several offices of honor, and was
appointed Judge of the United States District Court
of Connecticut by President Pierce. Died in New
Haven, February '9, 1860.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
221
Tngersoll, Charles J, — Born in Philadelpliia,
October 3, 1782 ; received a liberal education ; was a
Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from
1813 to 1815, when lie was appointed United States
District Attorney for Pennsylvania, which he held
until 1829. In 1837 he was appointed Secretary of
Legation to Prussia. He was afterwards re-elected
a Representative in Congress from 1841 to 1847,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign
Affairs. He published a "History of the Second
American War with Great Britain," and several other
works of minor importance, including some poetry.
He also served as a member of various Internal Im-
provement Conventions ; and in 1847 was appointed
by President Polk Minister to France, but was rejected
by the Senate. Died in Philadelphia, May 14, 1862.
Was brother of Joseph R. Ingersoll.
Ingersoll, diaries JB. — Born in New Haven,
Connecticut, in 1820 ; graduated at Yale College in
1840 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1845 ; was
frequently elected to the State Legislature ; and was
Governor of Connecticut from 1873 to 1876. His
father, Ralph J., and his brother Colin M. were both
Representatives in Congress. ♦
Ingersoll, Colin iHf. — He was born in Connecti-
cut in 1820 ; received a liberal education, and adopt-
ed the profession of law ; was Secretary of Legation
at St. Petersburg, by appointment of President Polk ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Connecti-
cut, from 1851 to 1855.
Ingersoll, Ebon C. — Born in Oneida County,
New York, December 12, 1831 ; removed with his
father to Illinois in 1843 ; finished his education at
Paducah, Kentucky ; studied law, and came to the
bar in 1854 ; in 1856 he was elected to the Illinois
Legislature ; and in 1864 he was elected a Represen-
tative from Illinois to the Thirty-eighth Congress,
for the unexpired term of Owen Love joy ; re-elected
to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of
the Committee on the District of Columbia. Also re-
elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses
continuing at the head of his old committee, while
serving on various others.
Ingersoll f Jared, — He was born in 1749 ; grad-
uated at Yale College in 1766 ; attained high rank as
a lawyer ; was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the
Continental Congress in 1780 and 1781 ; Member of
the Convention which framed the Federal Constitu-
tion, and signed that instrument ; was for many
years Attorney-General for Pennsylvania ; and Judge
of the District Court of the United States at the
time of his death, which occurred in 1822. In 1812
he was the Federal candidate for the ofiice of Vice-
President ; and he received from Yale College the
degree of LL.D.
Ingersoll, Jonathan, — Born in Ridgefield,
Connecticut, in 1746 ; graduated at Yale College in
1766 ; was a successful lawyer and a Judge from
1798 to 1801 ; and Lieutenant-Governor in 1816. Re-
ceived the degree of LL.D. from Yale College in
1817. Died January 12, 1823.
Ingersoll, Joseph JR, — Born in Philadelphia,
June 14, 1786 ; graduated at Princeton College in
1804 ; a lawyer by profession, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1835 to
1837 ; and from 1842 to 1849, and for a time Chair-
man of the Judiciary Committee. He was appointed
by President Fillmore, in 1852, Minister to England.
The titles of LL.D. and D.C.L. Oxon., were conferred
upon him. Died in Philadelphia, February 20, 1868.
Ingersollf Malph J". — He was born in New
Haven, Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in
1808 ; served in the Legislature of Connecticut sever-
al years ; was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1825 to 1833 ; in that year he was ap-
pointed Attorney for the State ; and was appointed
by President Polk, Minister Plenipotentiary to Rus-
sia. Died in New Haven, August 27, 1872.
Ingham, Samuel, — He was born in Hebron,
Connecticut, September 5, 1793 ; received a good Eng-
lish education in Vermont, and studied law in Con-
necticut, having been admitted to the bar in 1815,
and in 1817 he settled at Saybrook, which has since
been his home. From 1827 to 1835 he was State's At-
torney for the County of Middlesex, and again in 1843
and 1844 ; he was a Judge of Probate from 1829 to
1833 ; Judge of the Middlesex County Court from
1849 to 1853 ; and was a Representative in Congress
from Connecticut from 1835 to 1839, having officiated
as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, and
as a member of the Committee on Commerce. He
also served a number of years in the Senate and
House of Representatives of Connecticut, three years
as Speaker, and was one year Clerk of the House ; he
was appointed in 1837, by the State, as agent to pros-
ecute certain claims against the United States, and
was successful ; and in 1857 he was appointed by
President Buchanan Commissioner of Customs. In
1854 he was a candidate for the oflace of United
States Senator, and received the entire vote of his
party in the Legislature, but Senator Foster was
elected.
Ingham, Samuel D. — He was born in Penn-
sylvania, September 16, 1779 : received a good educa-
tion ; had the management for some years of a paper-
mill in Eastern New Jersey ; served three years in
the Pennsylvania Legislature ; held for a time the
office of Prothonotary to one of the Courts of that
State ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1818, and from 1822 to
1829, serving as Chairman of several Committees,
when he was appointed by President Jackson Secre-
tary of the Treasury. Died at Trenton, New Jersey,
June 5, 1860.
Innes, Harry, — Born in Caroline County, Vir-
ginia, in 1762 ; in 1776 and 1777 he was employed by
the Committee of Safety of Virginia to superintend
Chipil's lead mines ; in 1779 he was appointed by the
Virginia Legislature to settle land claims in the Ab-
ingdon district ; in 1783 was chosen Judge of the
Supreme Court for the District of Kentucky ; in 1785
and 1787 was Attorney-General of that State ; Judge
of the United States District Court for Kentucky from
1787 till his death. In 1791 he was one of the Local
Board of War to call out the militia on expeditions
against the Indians. He died in Frankfort, Ken-
tucky, September 20, 1816.
Iredell, James, — Born in Chowan County,
North Carolina, in 1788, and graduated at Princeton
College in 1806. He was for several years in the Leg-
islature of that State, part of the time Speaker of the
House ; in 1812 commanded a Company of Volunteers,
who went to Norfolk to repel the British ; in 1819 he
was appointed Judge of the Superior Court ; in 1827
was elected Governor of North Carolina ; and was a
Senator in Congress from 1828 to 1831. Toward the
close of his life he was a Reporter of the Decisions of
the Supreme Court, and died at Edenton, April 13,
1853.
Irish, George, — He was born in 1791 ; educated
for the bar, and was for many years a Judge of the
Supreme Court of Mississippi, where he died Septem-
ber 17, 1836.
222
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Irvin, Alexander, — He was bom in Pennsylva-
nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1847 to 1849.
Irvifif David, — He was appointed a Judge of
the United States for the Territory of Wisconsin in
1837 ; and although the records show that David Er-
win had previously been a Judge for the Territory of
Michigan, it is presumed the two names represent the
same man.
IrviUf James, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1841 to 1845.
Irvifif Williant. W, — He was a member of the
State Legislature of Ohio, and Judge of the Supreme
Court of the State, and a Representative in Congress
from Ohio from 1829 to 1833. He died at Lancaster,
Ohio, April, 1842.
Irvine^ William, — Born in Ireland ; educated
for the medical profession ; served as Surgeon on
board a British ship, in the war which began in 1754,
and after the peace of 1763, settled at Carlisle, Penn-
sylvania. In 1774 he was a member of the "State
Convention ; " in 1776 he served in Canada, and ac-
companied Colonel Thompson from Sorelle to dislodge
the enemy from Trois Rivieres ; but was taken pris-
oner June 16, and remained as such at Quebec until
exchanged in 1778. On his release he was promoted
to the command of the Second Pennsylvania Regi-
ment, and in 1781 the defense of the North-western
frontier was intrusted to him, and he attained the
rank of Major-General. He was a Presidential Elec-
tor in 1797 ; was a Representative in Congress, after
the war, from 1793 to 1795. He was a Commissioner
during the Whisky Insurrection of 1794, and re-
moved shortly after to Philadelphia, and was ap-
pointed Superintendent of Military Stores. He died
July 30, 1804, aged sixty-three years. He was also a
Delegate from Pennsvlvania to the Continental Con-
gress from 1786 to 1788.
Irvine, William, — He was elected a Repre-
sentative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committee on the Militia.
Irving, Washington, — He was born in the
city of New York, April 3, 1783 ; received an ordi-
nary school education ; in his sixteenth year he
began the study of law, and in his nineteenth,
became a writer for the local press ; in 1804 he
visited Europe for his health, where he spent
two years ; on his return to America, he was ad-
mitted to the bar, but never practiced the pro-
fession of law. In 1807 he began his career as an
author by projecting a serial work called " Salma-
gundi," and his last work, the " Life of George
Washington," was completed and published in 1859.
Between these two dates, he produced a large num-
ber of works, in all the departments of polite litera-
ture, which were eminently successful, and placed
him in the front rank of American authors. The only
public positions ever accepted by Mr. Irving were
those of Secretary of Legation to England in 1829, and
Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain in 1842, and it was
during his prolonged residence in this latter country
that he collected the materials for several of his more
important productions. By his pure character and
rare abilities he won the universal respect and affec-
tion of his countrymen, and died on November 28, 1859,
at his residence, known as " Sunnyside," beautifully
located on the Hudson River, which was the theme
of some of his most delightful writings. His writings
are too numerous even to be specified in a brief record
like the present.
Irving f William, — He was bom in the city of
New York, August 16, 1766 ; from 1787 to 1791 was
an Indian trader on the Mohawk ; was subsequently a
merchant in New York city, and a Representative in
Congress from 1813 to 1819, and a member of the
Committee on Commerce and Manufactures. He was
a brother of Washington Irving, for whose "Salma-
gundi " he wrote several poems and essays. He was
distinguished for his colloquial powers, and was a
popular as well as an influential member of Congress,
but he resigned before the expiration of his term, on
account of his health. He died November 9, 1821.
Irivin, Jared, — Born in Mecklenburg County,
North Carolina, in 1751 ; removed to Georgia at the
age of seven ; was for many years on the Indian fron-
tier, and during the latter part of the Revolutionary
War, was actively employed against the Tories and
Indians. At the close of the war he was a member of
the State Legislature, and of the Convention which
adopted the United States Constitution in 1789 ; Gov-
ernor of the State from 1796 to 1798 ; President of the
State Constitutional Convention in 1798 ; and many
years member and President of the State Senate ;
was again Governor from 1806 to 1809 ; removing to
Pennsvlvania, he was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1813 to 1817. Died at Union,
Washington County, Georgia, March 1, 1818. Mr. •
A. H. Stephens of Georgia informed the compiler that
Governor Irwin did not remove to Pennsylvania and
was not in Congress, but a man bearing his name was
certainly in Congress from Pennsylvania.
Irwin, TJiomas, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1829 to 1831, and was in the latter year ap-
pointed by President Jackson United States Judge of
the Western District of Pennsylvania.
Irwin, William, — He was bom in Ohio, and
after receiving a good education removed to Califor-
nia in 1852 ; turned his attention to the newspaper
business, and became editor of the Yreka Union ;
served several times in the State Legislature ; when
a vacancy occurred in the Governorship in February,
1875, he was chosen President of the Senate, and act-
ing Lieutenant-Governor ; and at the ensuing election
in September he was elected Governor of California.
Irwin, William W, — He was a member of
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1841 to 1843 ; and
from 1843 to 1847 he was Charge d' Affaires of the
United States to Denmark. He died in Pittsburg,
September 15, 1856.
Isacks, Jacob C, — He was born in Montgomery
County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in
Congress from Tennessee from 1823 to 1833.
Iverson, Alfred, — Born in Burke County,
Georgia, December 3, 1798 ; graduated at Princeton
College in 1820 ; a lawyer by profession ; served
three years as a member of the House of Representa-
tives and one year as Senator in the Legislature of
Georgia. Twice elected Judge of the Supreme Court
of that State for terms of three and four years ; was
one of the Electors at Large in the Presidential Elec-
tion of 1844 ; elected a Representative to the Thirti-
eth Congress, and served two years. In 1854 he was
elected to the United States Senate for six years from
March 4, 1855, and for a long time acted as Chairman
of the Committee on Claims, and as a member of the
Committee on Military Affairs and the Pacific Rail-
road. Withdrew in February, 1861 and joined the
great Rebellion.
Ives, Joseph C, — He was born in New York ;
appointed to the United States Army from Connecti-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
223
cut ; and while a Lieutenant he explored, in 1857 and
1858, the Colorado River of the West, the results of
which were published in 1861, in quarto form, and
extensively illustrated. That volume, with one by-
Professor J. W. Powell, on the same region, pub-
lished in 1875, constitute a complete account of very
great interest to men of science.
IveSf Willard. — He was born in Watertown,
New York, July 7, 1806 ; received a good English ed-
ucation ; is a farmer by occupation ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New York from 1851 to
1853. In 1846 he was elected by the Methodist Epis-
copal Church a Delegate to the " Christian World's
Convention," which was held in London.
Izard, George. — Born in South Carolina in 1777;
received a classical education, and made a tour of
Europe ; he was appointed Lieutenant of Artillery in
1794 ; Engineer of Fortifications in Charleston Harbor
in 1798 ; Captain in 1799 ; aid to General Hamilton in
1799, resigned in 1803 ; on the breaking out of the
war of 1812 he was appointed Colonel of Second Artil-
lery ; Brigadier General in 1813 ; Major-General in
1814 ; disbanded 1815 ; was Governor of Arkansas
Territory from 1825 to his death, which occurred at
Little Rock, November 22, 1828. He published " Of-
. ficial Correspondence with the War Department in
1814 and 1815." He was the son of Ralph Izard.
Izard, DIarU W, — He was appointed Governor
of the Territory of Nebraska in 1854, and remained
in office until 1857.
Izard, Ralph. — Born near Charleston, South
Carolina, in 1742 ; graduated at Cambridge University,
England ; his grandfather was one of the founders
of South Carolina, and he inherited a large estate in
land and slaves ; he visited England in 1771, and the
Continent in 1774. He made a second visit to France,
and was appointed by Congress Commissioner at the
Court of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, and resided in
Paris. He sided with Arthur Lee against Silas Deane,
Franklin and the other American agents in France ;
he returned to America July 10, 1780 ; was instru-
mental in obtaining General Greene's appointment to
the Southern Army, and pledged his large estate for
the purchase of ships of war in Europe ; was a Dele-
gate to the Continental Congress in 1782 and 1783 ;
United States Senator from 1789 to 1795 ; President
of the Senate pro tern, during the first session of the
Third Congress ; and was a distinguished and elo-
quent statesmen. In the judgment of Washington no
man was more honest in public life. His correspond-
ence from 1774 to 1784, with a memoir, was published
by his daughter in 1844. Died at South Bay, near
Charleston, May 30, 1804.
flack, William. — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1841 to 1843.
tiackson, Andrew. — Born at Warsaw Settle-
ment, North Carolina, March 15, 1767. When four-
teen years of age he left the academy where he had
been placed and entered the Revolutionary Army,
and at the age of twenty-one established himself as a
lawyer in Western North Carolina. When that part
of the country became a Territory in 1790, President
Washington appointed him Attorney of the United
States for the new district. When said Territory was
formed into the State of Tennessee, he was a member
of the Convention which drew up the new Constitution,
and he was immediately chosen a Representative in
Congress, serving one term, when he was transferred to
the United States Senate, where he continued until
1798. His next public position was that of Judge of the
Supreme Court ; and having been chosen Major-Gene-
ral of one of the divisions of the Tennessee Militia, he
retained the office until 1814, when he went into the
regular army with the same rank. He was assigned to
the command of the army at New Orleans, and January
8, 1815, obtained his famous victory over the British.
In 1817 and 1818 he conducted the Seminole War in
Florida, and soon after retired from the army ; in
1823 he was again elected a Senator in Congress, and
remained there two years, having declined the mis-
sion to Mexico in 1823 ; he was elected President in
1828, and re-elected in 1832. The events which
marked his administration were the difficulties with
France, the Suppression of the Nullification Move-
ment in South Carolina, the Indian War in Florida,
and the removal of the deposits from the United States
Bank. He retired to private life in 1836, and in the
peaceful shades of the Hermitage in Tennessee he
died, June 8, 1845. That he was a remarkable man
is the undisputed verdict of his countrymen through-
out the Union. *
Jackson, Charles, — Born in Newburyport, Mas-
sachusetts, May 31, 1775 ; graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1793 ; studied law, and was admitted to
practice in Essex County in 1796 ; and became emi-
nent in his profession ; in 1803 he removed to Boston;
was Judge of the Massachusetts Supreme Court from
1813 to 1824 ; member of the State Constitutional
Convention in 1820 ; and in 1833 was one of the com-
missioners to codify the State Laws ; he published
a treatise upon the "Pleadings and Practice in Real
Actions," 1828. Died in Boston, Massachusetts, De-
cember 13, 1855.
Jackson, Charles. — He was Governor of Rhode
Island for one year beginning with 1845. He died in
Providence, January 21, 1876, in the seventy-ninth
year of his age.
tiackson, Claiborne F. — Born in Fleming
County, Kentucky, April 4, 1807 ; emigrated to Mis-
souri in 1822 ; served as Captain in the Black Hawk
War ; served for twelve years in the State Legislature,
and for a time as Speaker ; was a prime mover in or-
ganizing the banking institutions of that State, and a
Bank Commissioner ; and in 1860 he was elected Gov-
ernor of Missouri ; left the State on the approach of
the Federal Army and was deposed by a State Con-
vention ; afterwards served for a short time as a Gen-
eral in the Confederate Army, and died at Little Rock,
Arkansas, December 6, 1862.
Jackson, David. — He was a Delegate from
Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1785
to 1786.
Jackson, David S. — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1847 to 1848.
Jackson, Ebenezer, Jr. — He was born in Con-
necticut, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State to fill an unexpired term, from 1834 to 1835.
Jackson, Edward JB. — He was born in Harrison
County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1820 to 1823, his first term
having been in continuation of that filled by James
Pingale, resigned. Died September 8, 1826.
Jackson, Uancock. — He was acting Governor
of Missouri in 1857.
Jackson, Henry. — Born in Devonshire, Eng-
land, in 1778 ; emigrated to America at the age of
twelve years, and was educated by his brother Gene-
ral James Jackson ; he was Professor of Mathematics
and Natural Philosophy in the University of Georgia
224:
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
from 1811 to 1814, and from 1817 to 1828 ; was Secre-
tary of Legation to France under William H. Craw-
ford, Minister ; and on Ms return and the appointment
of Gallatin to France, he remained in the Legation
as Charge d' Affaires until 1817, during which interval
Gallatin was engaged in special negotiations with
Great Britain. Received the degrees of LL.D., and
M.D., from Philadelphia College. Died near Athens,
Georgia, April 26, 1840.
JacTcsoUf Henry Mootes, — Born in Athens,
Georgia, June 24, 1820 ; commenced his education at
Franklin College, Athens, Georgia ; graduated at Yale
College in 1839 ; was admitted to the bar and was
several years United States District Attorney for the
State ; he was also at one time one of the editors of
the Savannah Georgian; was Colonel of a Georgia
Regiment in the Mexican War ; was a Judge of the
Eastern Circuit from 1849 to 1853, when he was ap-
pointed Charge d 'Affaires to Vienna, Austria ; and
from 1854 to 1858 was Minister Resident ; he was a
Southern Brigadier-General during the beginning of
the Rebellion, and had a command on the Upper Po-
tomac; was the author of "Tallullah," and other
poems.
tTacksorif Isaac Hand, — ^He was a citizen of
Pennsylvania ; in 1841 he was appointed Charge d' Af-
faires to Denmark, and died in office, July 27, 1843.
tTacksonf Jahez. — He was born in Georgia, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State from
1836 to 1839.
tTackson, tTames, — Born in Devon, England, in
1757, and came to this country in 1772. Early in the
American Revolution he joined the army ; in 1778 was
made Brigade-Major ; and in 1781 commanded the
Legionary Corps of the State of Georgia. When the
British evacuated Savannah, July 12, 1782, he re-
ceived the keys. For his various services, the Assem-
bly of the State presented him with a house and lot
in Savannah. On the return of peace he engaged
with success in the practice of law ; in 1780 he fought
a duel with Lieutenant-Governor Wells, whom he
slew, but was wounded himself in both knees. He
he was a member of the Convention which formed the
first Constitution of Georgia. He was chosen a Repre-
sentative in Congress in 1789 from Georgia, and after
the close of his first term he successfully contested
the seat of Anthony Wayne ; and in 1793 he was
chosen a Senator, which office he resigned in 1795.
He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat
of Government on the Potomac. He was Major-Gen-
eral of the Georgia Militia, and Governor of the State
from 1798 till his election as Senator in 1801. He
died March 18, 1806, aged forty-eight years.
Jackson f James. — He was born in Jefferson
County, Georgia, in 1819 ; graduated at the Univer-
sity of Georgia in 1837 ; and having studied law,
commenced the practice in 1840. In 1842 he was
elected Secretary of the Senate of Georgia, holding
the office one year ; in 1845 he was elected to the
State Legislature, and re-elected to the same position
in 1847 ; in 1849 he was chosen by the Legislature
Judge of the Western Circuit of his State, and was
elected to the same office by the people in 1853, and
again in 1857. In June of that year he was nomi-
nated for Congress, resigned his judgeship, and in
October following was elected a Repl^esentative to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Com-
mittee on Claims and Revolutionary Claims. Re-
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress. Resigned in
February, 1861, and returned to Georgia.
Jackson, James S. — He was bom in Madison
County, Kentucky, and adopted the profession of law ;
he served in the Mexican War as a Captain of Volun-
teers. In 1861 he was elected a Representative from
Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Congress ; but while
the Rebellion was progressing, he- recruited a regi-
ment of Kentucky Cavalry ; was subsequently ap-
pointed a Brigadier-General, and was killed at the
battle of Perryville in 1862, while fighting in the ser-
vice of his country.
Jackson f John Q, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1795 to 1797, from 1799
to 1810, and again from 1813 to 1817.
Jackson, John J,, Jr, — He was born in Vir-
ginia, from which State he was appointed, in 1861,
United States Judge for the District of West Virginia,
residing at Parkersburg ; and he had previously held
the same office in Virginia.
Jackson, Jonathan, — He was born in Boston
in 1743 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1761 ; was a
Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1782 ; United
States Marshal from 1789 to 1791 ; Treasurer of Mas-
sachusetts from 1802 to 1806 ; and he was Treasurer
of Harvard College from 1807 until his death, which
occurred in 1810.
Jackson, Joseph W, — He was frequently a
member of the City Council of Savannah ; at one time
Mayor of the city ; served a number of years in the
State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Georgia from 1850 to 1853. Died at Savan-
nah, December 28, 1854.
Jacksoti, Michard, Jr, — Born in 1764, and
died at Providence, April 18, 1838. He was a member
of Congress from Rhode Island from 1808 to 1815.
In early life he was engaged in mercantile business,
and was among the first in this country who embarked
in the manufacture of cotton. He filled several im-
portant public offices, and was distinguished for his
benevolence.
Jackson, Thomas IB, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1837 to 1841 ; and was also for three
years a member of the Assembly of New York.
Jackson, William, — He was born in Massa-
chusetts, September 6, 1783, was one of the pioneers
of railroad enterprise in Massachusetts, and from
1834 to 1837, and 1841 to 1843, was a Representative
in Congress from that State. He was also a member
of the State Legislature from 1829 to 1832, and at the
time of his death, President of the Newton Bank.
He died at Newton, Massachusetts, February 27,
1855. He was an earnest advocate of Temperance
and Anti-Slavery.
Jackson, W, T, — Born in Chester, Orange
County, New York, December 29, 1794 ; received a
common-school education, and has been chiefly em-
ployed in mercantile business. He was Justice of
the Peace several years in Havana, New York, and
held the office of County Judge four years. In 1848
he was elected a Representative in Congress, and
served one term.
Jacob, John J, — He was born in Hampshire
County, Virginia (now West Virginia), December 9,
1829 ; graduated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania,
in 1849 ; studied and adopted the profession of law ;
was for several years connected with the State Uni-
versity of Missouri ; was a member of the West
Virginia Legislature in 1869 ; in 1870 he was elected
Governor of West Virginia for two years ; and he
was re-elected for the term of four years, beginning
with 1873.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
225
Jacob, Stephen, — Graduated at Yale College
in 1778 ; and was Chief Justice of Vermont. Died
at Windsor, Vermont, February, 1817, aged sixty-
one years.
Jacobs, Israel, — ^He was born in Germany, and
was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania,
from 1791 to 1793.
Jacobs, Orange, — Born in Livingston County,
New York, in 1829 ; removed with his father to
Michigan in 1831 ; was educated there, and is by pro-
fession a lawyer. In 1852 he emigrated to Oregon ;
was appointed Associate Justice of Supreme Court
of Washington Territory in 1869, and settled there.
In 1871 was appointed Chief Justice of the Territory ;
reappointed in 1874, and held that position when
elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
Jacobs, S, J). — He was born in North Carolina,
and in 1851 he was appointed from Tennessee First
Assistant Postmaster General, which position he held
until 1853.
James, Charles T, — Was born in West Green-
wich, Rhode Island, in 1806 ; received a limited edu-
cation ; early turned his attention to mechanics as
connected with the cotton interest ; wrote a series of
papers on the culture and manufacture of cotton in
the South ; received the degree of M.A. from Brown
University in 1838 ; and he was a Senator in Con-
gress from 1851 to 1857, from Rhode Island. He
subsequently invented a rifled cannon, and met his
death from the explosion of a shell of his own inven-
tion, while trying experiments at Sag Harbor, New
York, October 17, 1862.
James, Francis, — He was a native of Pennsyl-
vania, and a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1839 to 1843.
Jaines, TVilliam H, — He was Governor of
Nebraska from 1871 to 1873.
Jatneson, John, — He was born in Kentucky,
and was a Representative in Congress from Missouri
from 1830 to 1831, and again from 1843 to 1845, and
for another term from 1847 to 1849.
Janes, Henry F, — He was born at Brimfield,
Hampden County, Massachusetts, in October, 1792 ;
studied law in Montpelier, Vermont, and was admit-
ted to the bar in Washington County in 1817, and
commenced to practice at Waterbury in that year.
From 1820 to 1830 he was Postmaster at Waterbury ;
he was a member of the Legislative Council from
1830 to 1834, and was a Representative in Congress
from Vermont from 1834 to 1837. He was State
Treasurer from 1838 to 1841 ; a member of the Coun-
cil of Censors in 1848 ; and a member of the Legis-
lature, from Waterbury, in 1855 ; since which time
he has practiced his profession.
Jarnagin, Spencer, — Born in Granger County,
Tennessee ; graduated at Greenville College in 1813 ;
studied law, and was admitted to the bar "in 1817 ;
and was United States Senator from Tennessee from
1841 to 1847. He died in Memphis, Tennessee, June
24, 1851.
Jar vis, Leonard, — He was born in 1782 ; grad-
uated at Harvard University in 1800 ; and died in
Surry, Maine, September, 18, 1854. He was Sheriff
of Hancock County from 1821 to 1829 ; Collector of
Customs for the Penobscot District from 1829 to
1831 ; and a Representative in Congress from Maine
from 1831 to 1837, serving as Chairman of the Com-
15
mittee on Naval Affairs. From 1838 to 1841 he held
the office of Navy Agent for the Port of Boston.
Jay, John, — Was born in New York, December
12, 1745 ; graduated at King's College in 1764 ; stud-
ied law and came to the bar in 1768 ; and was a Dele-
gate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777,
and from 1778 to 1779. In 1776 he was recalled from
Congress to aid in forming the Government of New
York, and for that reason he was not present to sign
the Declaration of Independence. From 1777 to 1779
he was Chief Justice of the State, but resigned to fill
the post of President of Congress ; in 1779 he was
appointed Minister to Spain ; was a Commissioner to
negotiate peace with England ; signed the definitive
treaty at Paris in 1783 ; and was appointed by Con-
gress Secretary of State. Though not a member, he
aided at the Convention which formed the Federal
Constitution ; he also assisted Hamilton and Madison
in editing the " Federalist ; " and in 1789 he was ap-
pointed by Washington Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court, which he resigned in 1794 to accept the mis-
sion to England, when he negotiated the treaty which
bears his name. He was Governor of New York from
1795 to 1801, after which he retired to private life.
Died in 1829.
Jay, John, — Born in New York city, June 23,
1817 ; graduated at Columbia College in 1836 ; was
admitted to the bar in 1839 and practiced law ; was a
prominent member of the Union League Club of New
York ; for many years a Manager and Corresponding
Secretary of the New York Historical Society, and a
member of the American Geographical and Statistical
Society. Was the author of many anti-slavery ad-
dresses and pamphlets ; and pamphlets on matters
connected with the Episcopal Church ; also legal
arguments, political addresses, reports, etc. He was
appointed Minister to Austria, April, 1867.
Jayne, JVilliam, — Born in Springfield, Illinois, .
October 8, 1826 ; adopted the profession of medicine, ,
and practiced 11 years in Springfield ; in 1859 was
elected Mayor of that city ; was elected to the State
Senate in 1869 and 1861 ; during the latter year was
appointed Governor of Dakota Territory ; and in ,
1862 he was elected a Delegate from Dakota to the
Thirty-eighth Congress. After occupying his seat
for some time, he was superseded by J. B. S. Todd. ,
Jefferson, Thomas, — He was born at Shad-
well, Virginia, in 1743. His education was princi-
pally conducted by private tutors, although he passed
two years at the College of William and Mary. . He
adopted the law as his profession ; was a mem-
ber of the Legislature of Virginia from 1769 to the
commencement of the American Revolution. . In
1775 he was a Delegate in Congress ; and on May
15, 1776, the Convention of Virginia instructed
their delegates to propose a Declaration of Inde-
pendence. In June, Mr. Lee accordingly made the
motion, and it was voted that a committee be ap-
pointed to prepare one. The committee was elected:.
by ballot, and consisted of Thomas Jefferson, John
Adains, Berjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and*
Robert R. Livingston. The Declaration was exclu-
sively the work of Jefferson, to whom the right of.
draughting it belonged, as Chairman of the Com-
mittee, though alterations and amendments were
made in it by Adams, Franklin, . and other members
of the Committee, and afterwards by Congress. Jef-
ferson retired from Congress September, 1776, and
took a seat in the Legislature of his State in October.
In 1779 he was chosen Governor, and held^ the office
two years. He declined a foreign appointment in
1776, and again in 1781. He accepted the appoint-
ment of one of the Commissioners for negotiating
peace ; but before he sailed, news was received of the
226
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
signing of the provisional treaty, and lie was excused
from proceeding on the mission. He returned to
Congress. In 1784 he wrote notes on the establish-
ment of a money-unit, and of a coinage for the United
States ; in May of that year he was appointed, with
Adams an«5^ Franklin, a Minister Plenipotentiary
to negotiate treaties of commerce with foreign na-
tions. In 1785 he was Minister to the French Court.
In 1789 he returned to America, and received from
Washington the appointment of Secretary of State,
which he held till December, 1793, and then resigned.
In September, 1794, when an appointment was offered
him by Washington, he replied, " No circumstance
will ever more tempt me to engage in anything pub-
lic." Notwithstanding this determination, he suffered
himself to be a candidate for President, and was
chosen Vice-President in 1790. At the election in
1801, he and Aaron Burr having an equal number of
electoral votes for President, the House of Repre-
sentatives, after a severe struggle, finally determined
in his favor. He was re-elected in 1805. At the end
of his second term he retired from office. He died
July 4, 1826, at one o'clock in the afternoon, just
fifty years from the date of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence. Preparations had been made throug'houjt
the United States to celebrate this day as a jubilee ;
and it is a most remarkable fact, that on the same
day John Adams, a signer with Jefferson of the Dec-
laration, and the second on the Committee for
draughting it, and his immediate predecessor in the
office of President, also died. Jefferson's publica-
tions were : " Summary View of the Rights of British
America," 1774; "Declaration of Independence,"
1776 ; " Notes on Virginia," 1781 ; " Manual of Par-
liamentary Practice, for the Use of the Senate ; "
" Life of Captain Lewis," 1814 ; and some papers of
a philosophical character. His works, chiefly letters,
were first published by his grandson, Thomas Jeffer-
son Randolph, 1829, and a complete edition, by order
of Congress, in nine volumes, in 1853.
tTe/frieSf Noah L, — Born in Pennsylvania 1828,
educated and admitted to the bar in Ohio, where he
practiced his profession until 1861, when he entered
the Military Service, and served during the Rebel-
lion, was Assistant Provost Marshal General of the
United States during 1864 and 1865, and Register of
the United States Treasury from September, 1867, to
March, 1869.
tTenckeSf Thomas A, — He was born in Provi-
dence, Rhode Island, in 1818 ; graduated at Brown
University in 1838 ; studied law and practiced the
profession until elected, in 1863, a Representative
from Rhode Island to the Thirty-eighth Congress,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on Patents,
and the Special Committee on the Bankrupt Law,
having drawn up the bill on that subject. Re-elected
to the Thirty-ninth Congress ; serving on the Com-
mittees on Retrenchment, the death of President
Lincoln, and as Chairman of the Committee on Pat-
ents, and also Chairman of a Special Committee on
the Civil service. He was a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and was
re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Retrenchment and Revision of Laws.
Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on im-
portant Committees ; and died in Cumberland, Rhode
Island, November 4, 1875.
Jenifer, Daniel, of St, Thomas, — He was a
Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress
from 1778 to 1782, and was also a member of the
Convention which formed the Federal Constitution,
and signed that instrument. His son, bearing the
same name, was a member of the Federal" Congress.
tTenifeVf Daniel, — Was frequently a member
of the State Legislature of Maryland, and repre-
sented that State in Congress from 1831 to 1833, and
from 1835 to 1841. During the administrations of
Presidents Harrison and Tyler he was the United
States Minister to Austria. He died December 18,
1855, near Port Tobacco, Maryland.
tTenison, Silas H, — He was born in Shoreham,
Vermont, in 1791 ; Lieutenant Governor in 1835 ; and
elected Governor of Vermont from 1835 to 1841.
Died at Shoreham, Vermont, September 30, 1849.
tTenhins, Albert G, — Was born in Cabell
County, Virginia, November 10, 1830 ; graduated at
Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, and in law at Cam-
bridge, in 1850 ; never practiced law, but lias been
devoted to agricultural pursuits ; was a member of
the Cincinnati "National Convention" in 1856 ; and
was elected a Representative from Virginia to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on the Militia ; and also to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving on the same Committee. He
subsequently served as a Brigadier-General in the
Rebel service, and was killed at the Battle of the
Wilderness.
Jenkins, CJiar'les J, — He was Governor of
Georgia from 1865 to 1867.
Jenkins, Lemuel, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1823 to 1825.
Jenkins, Robert, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1807 to 1811.
Jenkins, Timothy, — Born in Barre, Worcester
County, Massachusetts, January 29, 1799 ; received an
academic education ; studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1824, practicing his profession in Oneida
County, New York ; he was District Attorney for that
county six years, and resigned the office on being
elected a Representative in the Twenty -ninth Con-
gress, and was re-elected to the Thirtieth and Thirty-
second. Died at Martinsburg, New York, December
24, 1859.
Jenks, George A, — Born in Jefferson County,
Pennsylvania, March 26, 1836 ; graduated at Jeffer-
son College in 1858 ; studied law, and Vv-as admitted to
the bar in 1859 ; and has ever since been engaged in
the practice of his profession in the town of Brook-
ville ; and he was elected a Representative from
Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress. In De-
cember, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the
Committee on Invalid Pensions.
Jenks, Joseph, — Born in Pawtucket, Rhode
Island, in 1656 ; was Deputy Governor of Rhode
Island, and afterward Governor from 1727 to 1732.
He was the tallest man in Rhode Island, standing
seven feet and two inches in his stockings. Died
June 15, 1740.
Jenks, Michael JT.— He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1843 to 1845.
Jenness^ Benning TF. — He was Judge of
Probate in Strafford County, New Hampshire, from
1841 to 1845, and a Senator in Congress from New
Hampshire during the years 1845 and 1846.
Jennings, David,--Re was born in Hunterdon
County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in
Congress from Ohio from 1825 to 1826.
Jennings, Jonathan,— He was born in Hun-
terdon County, New Jersey, and was the first Gover-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
227
nor in Indiana, and was twice elected a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State, from 1809 to 1816,
and from 1822 to 1831. In 1818 lie was appointed by
President Monroe Indian Commissioner. He died
near Charlestown, Clarke County, Indiana, July 26,
1834.
Jewell, Harvey, — Bom in Winchester, New
Hampshire, May 26, 1820 ; graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1844 ; studied law, and commenced the
practice in 1847 at Boston ; in 1861 and 1862 he was
elected to the Legislature of Massachusetts ; in 1866
he was re-chosen, serving five years, and was Speaker
four years ; and in February, 1875, he was appointed
one of the Judges of the Court of Commissioners of
Alabama Claims. He received from Dartmouth Col-
lege the degree of Doctor of Laws ; and is a brother
of Marshall Jewell, the Postmaster General.
Jewell, Marshall, — Born in Winchester, New
Hampshire, October 20, 1825 ; was brought up a tan-
ner ; studied telegraphy and electricity in Boston, and
superintended the construction of lines between Louis-
ville and New Orleans ; in 1850 he commenced in
Hartford the business of manufacturing leather-belt-
ing ; was Governor of Connecticut from 1868 to 1870 ;
appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia in 1873 ;
and in 1874 was appointed Postmaster General in the
cabinet of President Grant.
Jewettf Charles C — Born in Lebanon, Maine,
August 12, 1816 ; graduated at Brown University in
1835 ; was a student and Librarian at the Andover
Seminary ; became Librarian and Professor of Mod-
ern Languages at Brown University ; was Assistant
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution ; and subse-
quently Superintendent of the Boston Public Library.
He published an interesting Report on the Libraries
of the United States in 1850, and invented a new
method of cataloguing books. Died at Braintree,
Massachusetts, January 9, 1868.
tfetvetff C C» — He was an early emigrant to Ark-
ansas ; was appointed a Justice of the United States
Court for that Territory ; and after it became a State,
he continued on the Bench as Judge of the United
State District Court.
tfeivettf Freeborn G, — He was born in New
York ; was a member of the Assembly of that State
in 1826 and 1827 ; and a Representative in Congress
from the same from 1831 to 1833. From 1846 to 1856
he was a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York ;
and died February 23, 1858, aged sixty-eight years.
Jeivettf Hugh tf, — He was born at Deer Creek,
Harford County, Maryland ; received a good educa-
tion and studied law in Cecil County ; left Maryland in
very early manhood, and removed to Ohio, where he
practiced his profession ; held no public positions
until 1872, when he was elected a Representative
from Ohio to the Forty-fourth Congress, but soon re-
signed to accept the position of President of the Erie
Railroad Company.
tfetvett, fjoshum H, — He was born at Deer
Creek, Harford County, Maryland, September 13,
1812, and having adopted the profession of law, re-
moved to Kentucky , and was elected a Representative
from that State to the Thirty- fourth and Thirty-fifth
Congresses. He was Chairman of the Committee on
Invalid Pensions.
fJeivettf Luther, — He was born in Canterbury,
Connecticut, December 24, 1772 ; graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1795 ; was both a clergyman and a
physician; for fifteen years a member of the Vermont
Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress
from Vermont from 1815 to 1817. Died March 8,
1860, aged eighty-seven years.
Jewitt, A Ihert G, — He was a citizen of Maine,
and in 1845 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to
Peru, where he remained until 1847 when he returned
home.
flohiiSf Keiisey,—WsiS born in Delaware, De-
cember 10, 1791 ; graduated at Princeton College in
1810 ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in
1813; was a Representative in Congress from Delaware
from 1827 to 1831 ; in 1832 he was appointed Chan-
cellor of the State of Delaware, in which capacity he
was still serving at the time of his death, which oc-
curred at New Castle, March 28, 1857. A person bear-
ing this name was appointed to the Senate in 1794
from Delaware, but he was not admitted. He was
the father of the above, who also filled the position of
Chancellor of the State.
Johnson f Alexander S, — He was born in Utica,
in 1822 ; received a liberal education ; studied law,
and settled in New York city ; in 1852 he was elected
to the Bench of the Court of Appeals and removed to
Albany, serving one term ; subsequently returned to
his native town ; in 1873 he was appointed a Commis-
sioner of Appeals, to fill a vacancy ; and before the
close of the year Avas re-appointed a Judge of the
Court of Appeals, holding the office until December,
1874 ; and in October, 1875, he was appointed United
States Judge for the Second Circuit, in the place of
L. B. Woodruff, deceased.
Johnson f Atidrew, — He was born in Raleigh,
North Carolina, December 29, 1808 ; when ten years
of age he was apprenticed to a tailor, and worked at
that business, in his native town, until his seventeenth
year ; he never attended school, but acquired a good
English education by studying alone. Having re-
moved to Greenville, Tennessee, he was elected Mayor
of that place in 1830; was elected to the State Legisla-
ture in 1835 ; to the State Senate in 1841 ; and he was
a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from
1843 to 1853, serving on various important committees.
During the latter year he was chosen Governor of
Tennessee, and re-elected in 1855. He was elected a
Senator in Congress in 1857 for the term ending in
1863, serving on. the Committees on Public Lands and
the District of Columbia, In 1862 he resigned his
seat in the Senate, and was appointed by President
Lincoln Military Governor of Tennessee. By the
"Baltimore Convention " of 1864 he was nominated
for the office of Vice-President of the United States,
and duly elected. On the death of Abraham Lincoln.
April 15, 1865, he took the prescribed oath and en-
tered upon his duties as President of the United
States, His Life and Speeches have been published
in a variety of editions ; and in 1866 he received from
the University of North Carolina the degree of LL.D.
On February 22, 1863, the House of Representatives
adopted articles of Impeachment against him, founded
chiefly upon his alleged misconduct under the Tenure-
of -Office Bill. It was a party vote, as only one Re-
publican, S. F, Cary, and one Conservative Republi-
can, T. E. Stewart, voted against the measure ; and
on being tried by the Senate, organized as a High
Court of Impeachment, the necessary two-thirds vote
could not be secured, and he was acquitted. The
Democrats who voted for his acquittal were Senators
Bayard, Buckalew, Davis, McCreery, Hendricks, John-
son, Patterson of Tennessee, Saulsbury, and Vickers ;
and those elected to the Senate as Republicans, who
voted with them, were Senators Dixon, Doolittle,
Fessenden, Fowler, Grimes, Henderson, Norton, Ross,
Trumbull, and Van Winkle ; and the Republicans
who voted for conviction were Senators Anthony,
Cameron, Cattell, Chandler, Cole, Conkling, Conness,
228
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Corbett, Cragin, Drake, Edmunds, Ferry, Frelinghuy-
sen, Harlan, Howard, Howe, Morgan, Morrill of Ver-
mont, Morrill of Maine, Morton, Nye, Patterson of
New Hampshire, Pomeroy, Ramsey, Sherman,
Sprague, Stewart, Sumner, Thayer, Tipton, Willey,
Williams, Wilson, Yates, and Wade, the President
of the Senate pro tern. Mr. Johnson was re-elected to
the United States Senate for the term commencing in
1875 ; occupied his seat during the extra session of
the Senate ; and died in Carter County, Tennessee,
July 31, 1875. The verdict of the press was that
he had proven himself an honest and remarkable
man.
tTohnsofif JBenJafnin, — He was an early emi-
grant to the Territory of Arkansas, and in 1821 he was
appointed United States Judge for that Territory,
serving in that capacity until 1833.
tfohnson, Cave, — He was bom in Robertson
County, Tennessee, January 11, 1793 ; received a lib-
eral education, and adopted the profession of law ;
was a Circuit Judge for a few years ; and he was a
Representative in Congress from Tennessee from
1829 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1845, after which
he went into the cabinet of President Polk, as Post-
master-General. He also held for many years the po-
sition of President of the Bank of Tennessee, which
he resigned in 1859. Died in Clarksville, Tennessee,
November 23, 1866.
tTohnson, David. — Born in Virginia, in 1782 ;
admitted to the bar in South Carolina in 1805 ; a mem-
ber of the Legislature of that State in 1812 ; solicitor
of the Middle Circuit, Union District, from 1812 to
1815 ; Circuit Judge from 1815 to 1824 ; Judge of the
Court of Appeals from 1824 to 1835 ; Chancellor from
1835 to 1846 ; Governor of South Carolina from 1846
to 1848. Died at Limestone Springs, South Carolina,
January 7, 1855.
tfohnson, D, H, — He was born in New York, and
was appointed an Associate Justice of the United
States for the Territory of New Mexico, residing at
Santa Fe.
Johnson^ Francis. — He was bom in Caroline
County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Kentucky in 1820, in the place of D.
Walker, deceased, and from 1821 to 1827.
tfohnsoUf FranJclin. — He was born in Ver-
mont ; received a legal education ; and became a res-
ident of Monroe, Michigan, in 1835, with which place
he was intimately identified during the remainder of
his life. While constantly engaged in practicing his
profession, he found time to fill a variety of public
positions. He was at one time Attorney for the city
of Monroe ; also Prosecuting Attorney for the State,
and Judge of Probate, and lastly, Judge of the Circuit
Court for the First District of Michigan for six years.
He maintained a high position at the bar, and it is
said that his decisions as Circuit Judge were very sel-
dom reversed by the Supreme Court. He died in
Monroe, October 11, 1870.
Johnson^ Harvey H. — He was born in Ver-
mont, and having removed to Ohio, was elected a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1853
to 1855.
tfohnson, Henry, — ^Bom in Tennessee, Septem-
ber 14, 1783 ; studied law in Louisiana ; was Clerk of
the Second Superior Court of Orleans Territory in
1809 ; Judge of the Parish Court of St. Mary, May 1,
1811'; member of the " Constitutional Convention" of
Louisiana in 1812 ; ran for Congress in 1812, but was
defeated ; elected a Senator in Congress in 1818 for
the unexpired term of W. C. C. Claiborne, deceased ;
and sat there until 1824, in which year he was elected
Governor of Louisiana ; and in 1826 was re-elected,
holding that office for four consecutive years. In
1829 he was defeated for the United States Senate,
by Edward Livingston ; was a Representative from
Louisiana to the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth
Congresses ; in 1842 he was a candidate for Governor,
but was defeated by Alexander Mouton ; in 1844 he
was elected to fill the vacancy in the United States
Senate caused by the death of A. Porter, under which
election he sat in the Senate until March, 1849 ; he
was the head of the Whig party in Louisiana. He
died July 31, 1861, commanding the highest respect
alike of those who had adhered to, and of those who
had opposed him, as a political leader.
tTohnson, Herschell V, — Born in Burke Coun-
ty, Georgia, September 18, 1812. He graduated at
the University of Georgia in 1834, and adopted the
profession of law. He was a Presidential Elector in
1844 ; in 1848 was appointed to fill a vacancy in the
United States Senate ; and in 1849 he was elected a
Judge of the Superior Court. In 1860 he was a can-
didate for the office of Vice-President, on the ticket
with S. A. Douglas, but was defeated ; and subse-
quently served in the Confederate Senate. He was a
Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con-
vention " of 1866. After the Rebellion he became a
Judge of the Supreme Court of Georgia.
tTohnsonf HezekiaJi S, — He was born in Pitts-
burg, Pennsylvania, September 12, 1828 ; educated
chiefly at the Alleghany College, Meadville ; learned
the printing trade, and removed to New Mexico in
1849 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1854 ; held
the offices of District Attorney, Clerk of Court, and
Treasurer of the Territory ; in 1863 he was elected to
the Territorial Legislature ; edited newspapers in
Meadville, Santa Fe, and Albuquerque ; and in 1869
he was appointed by President Grant Associate Justice
of the Supreme Court of New Mexico, and was re-ap-
pointed 1871, continuing to hold the position to the
present time.
tTohnson, Isaac, — Was Governor of Louisiana
from 1845 to 1850. Died in New Orleans, March 15,
1853.
fTohnsonf tfames, — He was born in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from Virginia
from 1813 to 1820, when he resigned, and was ap-
pointed Collector of Norfolk and Portsmouth, Virgin-
ia. He also served in the State Legislature. Died at
Norfolk, December 7, 1825.
tlohnson^ James, — He was born in Orange
County, Virginia ; served as Lieutenant-Colonel un-
der Colonel R. M. Johnson at the Battle of the
Thames ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Kentucky during the years 1825 and 1826, his death
having been announced in the House in December,
1826.
JoJinson, James, — Bom in Robinson County,
North Carolina, in 1811 ; graduated at the State Uni-
versity in 1832 ; taught school for a time, and studied
law ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1851
to 1853. In 1865 he was appointed Provisional Gov-
ernor of Georgia ; in 1866 he was appointed Collector
of Customs at Savannah, where he remained until
1869, when he resigned ; and was subsequently made
a judge of the Circuit Court of the State.
Johnson 9 James A, — Born in Spartanburg,
South Carolina, May 16, 1829 ; received a common-
school education ; studied medicine and law ; removed
to California, and was elected to the State Legislature
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
229
in 1859 ; and was elected a Representative from Cali-
fornia to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Post-OflEice and Post-Roads, and Agricul-
ture. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress.
Johnsofif James H, — He was born in New
Hampshire, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1845 to 1847, serving on the
Committee on Manufactures. He was also a State
Councilor in 1842 and 1843, and a State Senator in
1839.
tTohnsoUf James L, — He was born in Ken-
tucky, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1849 to 1851.
Johnson, Jeromiis, — He was born in Kings
County, New York, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York city from 1825 to 1829, and
died in Goshen, Orange County, New York, Septem-
ber 7, 1846.
Johnson, John, — He was born in the County
of Tyrone, Ireland, in 1808 ; received a common-
school education, and emigrated to Ohio in 1824,
where he was devoted to agricultural pursuits. He
served as a member of the Ohio Senate ; also, in the
last " Constitutional Convention," of that State ; and
was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from
1851 to 1853.
Johnson, John T, — He was born in Scott
County, Kentucky ; was a brother of Richard M.
Johnson ; once Judge of the Court of Appeals of Ken-
tucky, and represented that State in Congress from
1821 to 1825. For thirty years he was a preacher of
the Gospel, without a salary. He died in Lexington,
Missouri, December 18, 1857.
Johnson, Joseph, — He was born in Orange
County, New York, December 19, 1785, and, on re-
moving to Virginia, was elected a Representative in
Congress from 1823 to 1827, from 1835 to 1841, and
from 1845 to 1847. He was also Governor of Vir-
ginia from 1852 to 1856.
Johnson, J, Neely, — He was Governor of Cali-
fornia from 1856 to 1858.
Johnson, Woadiah, — He served in the Legisla-
ture of New York ; was a member of Congress from
1833 to 1835 ; and died at Albany, April 4, 1839.
Johnson, Perley B, — He was born in Ohio,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1843 to 1845.
Johnson, Fhilip, — Was born in Warren County,
New Jersey, January 17, 1818 ; and his grandfather
was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. In 1839 he
removed with his father to Pennsylvania, settling in
Northampton County ; and he was educated at La-
fayette College, where he spent two years, after
which he spent two years teaching school in the
South. On his return home he studied law ; was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1848, and soon afterwards elected
Clerk of the Court of Sessions and of the Oyer and
Terminer. In 1853 and 1854 he was elected to the
State Assembly. In 1857 he was Chairman of the
Democratic " State Convention." In 1860 he was the
Revenue Commissioner for the Third Judicial Dis-
trict of the State, and was elected a Representative
from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress,
serving on the Committees on Roads and Canals, and
on Patents ; he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, and was a member of the Committee on
Territories. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago
Convention " of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post-
OflSce and Post-Roads, and Expenditures on the
Public Buildings. Died in Washington, January 31,
1867.
Johnson, Meverdy, — Born in Annapolis, Mary-
land, May 21, 1796 ; was educated at St. John's Col-
lege, Annapolis ; studied law with his father, and
having been admitted to the bar, has practiced his
profession without intermission to the present time.
His first appointment was that of State Attorney ; in
1817 he removed to Baltimore (where he has since re-
sided), and in 1820 was appointed Chief Commissioner
of Insolvent Debtors, which office he held until 1821,
when he was elected to the State Senate, serving five
years ; was re-elected, and resigned in the second year
of that term ; in 1845 he was chosen a Senator in Con-
gress, where he remained until 1849 ; when he re-
signed to accept the post of Attorney-General of the
United States, bestowed upon him by President Tay-
lor. On his leaving the latter position, he turned his
whole attention to his profession, practicing chiefly in
the Supreme Court of the United States. Mr. John-
son has also taken an active part in the preparation of
seven volumes of Reports of Decisions in the Court
of Appeals of Maryland. He was a Delegate to the
"Peace Congress " of 1861 ; was subsequently elected
to the House of Delegates of Maryland by the voters
of Baltimore County ; and in 1862 he was again elected
a Senator in Congress from his native State, for the
term commencing March, 1863, and ending in 1869 ;
serving on the Library Committee, those on the Ju-
diciary and Foreign Relations, and also the Special
Joint Committee on Reconstruction. He was one of
the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the
funeral of General Scott in 1866. He was also a Dele-
gate to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven-
tion " of 1866, taking a leading part in its proceedings.
In an address to the law students of Columbia College
in June, 1875, he made the statement that he had been
a practicing lawyer for sixty years.
Johnson, Michard M. — He was born in Ken-
tucky, in 1780, and died at Frankfort, November 19,
1850. In 1807 he was chosen a Representative in Con-
gress from Kentucky, which post he held until 1813.
In 1813 he raised a volunteer regiment of cavalry of
one thousand men to fight the British and Indians on
the Lakes, and during the campaign that followed
served with great credit under General Harrison, as
a Colonel of that regiment. He greatly distinguished
himself at the battle of the Thames, and the chief,
Tecumseh) is said to have been killed by his hand. In
1814 he was appointed Indian Commissioner by Presi-
dent Madison. He was again a Representative in
Congress from 1813 to 1819. In 1819 he went from the
House into the United States Senate, to fill an unex-
pired term ; was re-elected, and served as Senator
until 1829. He was re-elected to the House, and re-
mained there until 1837, when he became Vice Presi-
dent, and as such presided over the Senate. At the
time of his death he was a member of the Kentucky
Legislature, and he died from a second attack of
paralysis. He was a kind-hearted, courageous, and
talented man.
Johnson, Mobert. — He was bom in Pennsyl-
vania, and in 1836 he was appointed Second Assist-
ant Postmaster General, holding the office until
1841.
Johnson, JRobert TV, — He was born in Ken-
tucky in 1814 ; and was elected a Representative in
Congress from Arkansas in 1847, and served until
1853, when he was elected a Senator in Congress,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on Printing,
230
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
and as a member of the Committees on Military
Affairs, and on Public Lands. Withdrew in 1861, and
cook part in the Rebellion.
(ToJmson, Thomas, — He was bom in Calvert
County, Maryland, in 1732 ; educated by private tutors
and studied law ; was a Delegate to the Continental
Congress from 1775 to 1777, when he left that body to
raise a small army, with which, as Commander, he
went to assist Washington in New England ; he was
the first Republican Governor of Maryland, serving as
such from 1777 to 1779, and residing in Frederick
City ; he was also a Judge of the United States Dis-
trict Court for the State of Maryland ; member of the
Board of Commissioners for Locating the District of
Columbia, and was a Justice of the Supreme Court of
the United States from 1791 to 1793, when he resigned.
He was the intimate friend of Washington, and was
frequently honored with a visit by the President at
" Rose Hill," near Frederick ; was the Delegate in
Congress who proposed that the General should be de-
clared Commander-in-Chief ; and when Jefferson left
the Cabinet of Washington, Mr. Johnson was offered
the position of Secretary of State, which he declined.
His abilities as a lawyer were of a high order, and he
was a successful practitioner. On one occasion, when
John Adams was questioned as to how it was that so
many Southern men should have participated in the
war, he replied that if it had not been for such men as
Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Chase,
and Thomas Johnson, there would never have been
any Revolution. He died on his estate near Frederick
City, which had been his home for forty-three years,
October 6, 1819.
Johnson, Waldo I*, — He was elected a Sena-
tor in Congress from Missouri in 1861, for the term
ending in 1867, but was expelled by the Senate, Janu-
uary 10, 1863.
fTohnson, William, — He was born in Charles-
ton, South Carolina, December 27, 1771 ; graduated
at Princeton College in 1790 ; studied law, and came
to the bar in 1792 ; was elected to the State Legisla-
ture in 1794 ; re-elected and made Speaker ; was sub-
sequently chosen a Judge of the Circuit Court of the
State ; and in 1804 he was appointed by President
Jefferson a Justice of the Supreme Court of the
United States, which he held until his death, which
occurred in New York, August 4, 1834, from the effects
of a surgical operation. In 1819 he was appointed and
confirmed as Collector of Charleston, which office he
declined. In 1822 he published the "Life and Ser-
vices of Nathaniel Greene," in two volumes.
JToJinson, William, — He was born in Ireland in
1819 ; removed to Ohio in early life ; received a good
education ; held a variety of local offices in Richmond
County, where he long resided ; adopted the profes-
sion of law ; and in 1862 was elected a Representative
from Ohio to the Thirty -eighth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and on Ex-
penditures on the Public Buildings. Died at Mans-
field, Ohio, May 3, 1866.
tTohnsoUf Willia^n Cost, — Born in Frederick
County, Maryland, in 1806 ; received an academic
education ; studied law, and was admitted to practice
in the Supreme Court in 1831 ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from 1833 to 1835, and from 1837 to
1843. He served in the State Legislature before enter-
ing and after he left Congress ; was a member of the
last Convention for revising the Constitution of Mary-
land ; and was President of the National Convention
of Young Men which met in Washington to nominate
Henry Clay for President. When in Congress, Mr.
Johnson officiated for a number of years as Chairman
of the Committee on Public Lands, and also as a
member of the Judiciary Committee,
ington, April 16, 1860.
Died in Wash-
tfohnson^ William S, — Born in Stratford, Con-
necticut, October 7, 1727 ; graduated at Yale College
in 1744 ; studied law at Cambridge, and acquired dis-
tinction as a pleader and orator. In 1765 he was a
Delegate to the Congress at New York, and in 1766
an agent for the Colony to England, where, during a
residence of four years, he v/as elected a Fellow of
the Royal Society. In 1772 he was appointed « Judge
of the Supreme Court of Connecticut ; was a mem-
ber in 1780 of the Council of Connecticut ; was again
a Delegate to the New York Congress in 1785 ; and
was a member in 1787 of the Convention which
framed the Constitution of the United States. He
was a Senator in Congress from 1789 to 1791, and
from 1792 to 1800 President of Columbia College in
New York ; after which he returned to his native
village, where he died, November 14, 1819. He re-
ceived from Oxford the degree of LL.D., and will
always be remembered as one of the great men of this
country. He was Chairman of the Committee ap-
pointed to revise the language of the Constitution,
and the corrections in the original copy are in his
handwriting. He was the son of Samuel Johnson,
the eminent Episcopal divine and first President of
King's College (subsequently Columbia), and among
his intimate friends and correspondents were Samuel
Johnson the great English writer, and Benjp.min
Franklin, while his father had been the warm per-
sonal friend of Bishop Berkeley.
tTohfistoUf Charles, — He was bom in Connecti-
cut, and was a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1839 to 1841.
Johnston f Charles, — Bom in Chowan County,
North Carolina ; was a member of the State Legisla-
ture for many years, and a Representative in Con-
gress during the years 1801 and 1802, having died be-
fore the expiration of his term.
Johnston f Charles C, — A member of Congress
from Virginia from 1831 to 1832, having died at
Washington, June 18 of the latter year. He was
Chairman of the Committee on Inprisonment for
Debt. He was found drowned in the Potomac, near
Alexandria.
Johnston, John W, — He was born at Pan-
icello, near Abington, South Carolina, September 9,
1818 ; educated at the South Carolina College, Co-
lumbia ; studied law at the University of Virginia ;
practiced until 1839, when he was made Judge of the
Tenth Judicial District ; was a member of the Senate
of the State of Virginia in 1847 and 1848 ; was Presi-
dent of the Northwestern Bank at Jeffersonville, Vir-
ginia, from 1850 to 1859 ; was elected in 1870 United
States Senator from Virginia, for the term ending in
1871, but was re-elected for the term ending in 1877,
serving on the Committees on Manufactures, Patents,
and Post-Offices and Post-Roads. In January, 1876,
he was re-elected to the Senate for the term com-
mencing in 1877 and ending in 1883.
Johnston, Josiah S, — He was born in Salis-
bury, Connecticut, November 25, 1784, but was taken
by his father, in infancy, to Kentucky. He gradu-
cated at Transylvania University, and studied law.
He removed to Louisiana in 1805, and commenced his
professional career at Alexandria, on the Red River ;
and in 1812 was a leading man in the State Legisla-
ture ; he was next appointed District Judge, and rep-
resented Louisiana in Congress from 1821 to 1823 ; and
in 1824 he was elected to the United States Senate,
retaining that position until his death, which occurred
May 19, 1833, by the explosion of gunpowder on board
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
231
the steamboat Lioness on Red River. Some of his
reports and speeches were highly appreciated, and
published for the benefit of his constituents.
flohnsfonf Samuel. — Governor of North Caro-
lina from 1787 to 1789 ; was President of the Conven-
tion of that State which ratified the Federal Consti-
tution, and had been a member of Congress from 1780
to 1782, and in 1789 he was appointed a Senator from
North Carolina, and served until 1793 ; was after-
wards a Judge of the Supreme Court of Law and
Equity. He was also one of those who voted for lo-
cating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. He
was a native of Edenton and died at Sherwarkey,
August 18, 1816, aged eighty-three years.
Johnston, William F, — He was elected Gov-
ernor of Pennsylvania and served in that caDacity un-
til 1852. Died in Pittsburg, October 30, 1872.
Jones f Alexander H. — Bom in Ashville, Bun-
combe County, North Carolina, July 21, 1822 ; received
an academic education ; was a farmer, a merchant,
and an editor ; sided with the Union cause during the
rebellion ; while recruiting for the Army, he was ar-
rested and imprisoned in Ashville and in Richmond
by the Confederate authorities ; made his escape in
1864 ; after the war he returned to North Carolina,
and was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Con-
vention of 1865 ; was elected to the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress, but refused admittance ; and was elected a
Representative from North Carolina to the Fortieth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary
Pensions. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress,
serving on the Committees on Public expenditures,
and Revolutionary Claims.
tJoneSf Allen, — He was a Revolutionary patriot
of Halifax, North Carolina ; chosen Brigadier-Gener-
al of Halifax District, April, 1776 ; delegate to the
State Constitutional Convention in that year ; dele-
gate to the Continental Congress in 1779 and 1780 ;
State Senator from 1784 to 1787 ; and member of the
Convention to adopt the United States Constitution
which he advocated.
fTones, Benjamin, — He was born in Virginia ;
and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1833 to
1837.
Jones, Charles W, — Born in Ireland in 1834 ;
emigrated to this country when ten years of age ;
spent some years in Alabama, Louisiana, and Miss-
issippi ; settling in Florida in 1854 ; was a mechanic
by trade, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1857 ; and became successful in the profession ; was
a member of the Baltimore Convention in 1872 ; was
nominated on the Democratic Liberal ticket for Con-
gress in that year, but was defeated. In 1874 was
elected a member of the Lower House of the State
Legislature from Escambia County ; and in 1874 he
was elected a Senator in Congress from Florida for
the term ending in 1881.
Jones, Daniel T, — He was bom in Connecticut,
and, having settled in New York, was elected a Rep-
resentative in Congress from that State from 1851 to
1855.
Jones, Francis, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Tennessee from 1817 to 1823.
Jones, George, — He was a Senator in Congress
from Georgia during the session of 1807, by appoint-
ment of Governor, but was superseded by W. H.
Crawford.
Jones, George W, — Bom in Vincennes, Indiana,
and graduated at Transylvania University, Kentucky,
in 1825. He was bred to the law, but ill-health pre-
vented him from practicing. He was Clerk of
the United States District Court, in Missouri, in 1826;
served as an Aid-de-camp to General Henry Dodge
in the Black Hawk War ; was chosen Colonel of Mi-
litia in 1832 ; subsequently Major-General ; also a
Judge of a County Court ; in 1835 was elected a Del-
egate to Congress from the Territory of Michigan, and
served two years ; in 1839 was appointed by Presi-
dent Van Buren Surveyor-General of the North-
west ; was removed in 184l for his politics, but re-
appointed by President Polk, and remained in the
office until 1849 ; in 1848 he was elected a United
States Senator from Iowa for six years, and re-elected
in 1852 for six years, officiating as Chairman of the
Committees on Pensions, and on Enrolled Bills, and
as a member of the Committee on Territories. At the
conclusion of his last term he was appointed by
President Buchanan Minister to New Granada. In
1861 he was charged with disloyalty, and imprisoned
in Fort Warren.
Jones, George TV, — Born in King and Queen
County, Virginia, March 15, 1806. He began life by
adopting the occupation of a saddler ; was a Justice of
the Peace for three years ; in 1834 a Justice to hold
the Quorum Court in Lincoln County ; in 1835 and
1837 was elected to the Tennessee Legislature ; in
1839 to the State Senate ; in 1840 and 1842 was
elected Clerk of the Lincoln County Court ; and was
elected a Representative to Congress in 1843, to
which position he has been regularly re-elected to
1859, serving during the Thirty-fifth Congress as
Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals.
In 1853, upon the inauguration of President Pierce,
Mr. Jones was appointed special bearer of dispatches
to the American Consul at Havana, having been au-
thorized to administer the official oath to the Vice-
President, W, R. King, who had visited Cuba for his
health. In 1861 he was a Delegate to the " Peace
Congress," held in Washington.
Jones, Horatio, — He was born in Pennsylva-
nia and removed to Missouri, from which State he
was appointed an Associate Judge of the United States
Court for the Territory of Nevada.
Jones, Isaac D, — He was born in Maryland,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1841 to 1843. He was a Delegate also to
the " Chicago Convention " of 1864, and in 1867 was
elected Attorney-General of Maryland.
Jones, Jarnes, — Born in Maryland, and removed
to Georgia when young. He studied law, and settled
in Savannah. He was often a member of the Legis-
lature of Georgia, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from 1799 to the time of his death, which oc-
curred at Washington, January 12, 1801.
Jones, James, — He was born in Amelia County,
Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1819 to 1823.
Jones, James C, — Born in Wilson County, Ten-
nessee, June 8, 1809 ; received a good education ; de-
voted himself in early life to farming ; first entered
public life, in 1839, as a member of the Tennessee
Legislature ; was Governor of Tennessee from 1841
to 1845, serving two terms ; was a Presidential Elec-
tor in 1841 and 1849; and in 1851 he was elected a
Senator in Congress from Tennessee, serving the
whole of his term of six years. Died at Memphis,
Tennessee, October 29, 1859. He was for many years
devoted to the public interests of Memphis and his
native State, and was distinguished for his abilities.
232
BIOGR PHICAL ANNALS
Jones, Jt Glancy, — He was born on the Cones-
toga River, Pennsylvania,October 7,1811. By his early
education he was prepared for the church, but pre-
ferred the law, to which he devoted himself with suc-
cess ; and while Deputy Attorney-General of the State
was elected a Representative in Congress from Penn-
sylvania, serving (excepting a part of the Thirty -third
Congress, when Henry W. Muhlenburg succeeded
him) from 1850 to 1858. He was the author in the
House of the bill creating the Court of Claims, when
a member of the Committee on Claims ; and by Mr.
Speaker Orr was placed at the head of the Commit-
tee on Ways and Means. He was a Presidential
Elector in 1856, and was tendered, by President
Buchanan, the mission to Berlin, which he declined ;
but in October, 1858, he was offered the mission to
Austria, and accepted the appointment.
tToneSf tfoel, — Born in Coventry, Connecticut,
October 25, 179.5 ; graduated at Yale College in 1817;
studied law and settled to practice in Easton, Penn-
sylvania. In 1830 was appointed a Commissioner to
revise the Civil Code of Pennsylvania ; was associate
Judge, and afterwards President Judge of the Dis-
trict Court for the City and County of Philadelphia ;
was first President of Girard College from Decem-
ber, 1847, to June, 1849. In 1849 was elected Mayor
of Philadelphia, and after serving one term returned
to his profession. He received the degree of LL.D.
from New Jersey College in 1848. He was eminent
for his attainments in jurisprudence, philosophy, and
theology. Died in Philadelphia, February 3, 1860.
tToneSf (John J, — Born in Burke County, Geor-
gia, November 13, 1824 ; graduated at Emory Col-
lege ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in
1848 ; and was a Representative from that State to
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee
on Revisal and Unfinished Business, Resigned in
February, 1861, and returned to Georgia.
tToneSf JoJm J*. — He was born in Wales, in
1838, and came with his parents to this country when
a child, settling in Ohio ; attended school in Cleve-
land for a few years ; in the early part of the Cali-
fornia excitement he went to that State, and engaged
in farming and mining ; served in both Houses of
the State Assembly ; went to Nevada in 1860, and
was elected to the United States Senate for the term
commencing in 1873, serving on the Committee on
the Post-Office and Post-Roads, District of Columbia,
and Mines and Mining.
tToneSf JTohn TV, — He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1835 to 1845. He was also Speaker of the House
of Representatives during the twenty-eighth Con-
gress. He was an eminent politician, and died Jan-
uary 29, 1848.
tfones, John W, — Born on Rock Creek, Mont-
gomery County, Maryland, April 14, 1806 ; when
quite young he removed, with his father, to Ken-
tucky, where he received a good English and classi-
cal education at the Carlisle Seminary ; as his health
would permit, he devoted himself to the study of
medicine, attended lectures at the Pennsylvania
Academy, and from Jefferson College received the
degree of Doctor of Medicine. In 1840 he was elected
to the Georgia Legislature, and was a Represent-
ative in Congress from Georgia from 1847 to 1849.
In 1849 he removed to Alabama, and devoted himself
to agriculture ; but returning to Georgia was ap-
pointed a Medical Professor in the Atlantic Medical
College. He enjoys the^ reputation of having done
much for the cause of education in the States of
Georgia and Alabama.
JToneSf tfoseph, — He was a Delegate from Vir-
ginia to the Continental Congress, from 1777 to 1778,
and again from 1780 to 1783.
tToneSf tT, JM* — He was an early emigrant to Cal-
ifornia, and in 1851 was appointed United States
Judge for the Southern District of California, resid-
ing at Los Angeles.
fJoneSf tf, Russell, — He is a citizen of Illinois,
and in 1869 was appointed Minister Resident to Bel-
gium ; and on his return to the Umted States, he
was appointed, in 1875, Collector of Customs at
Chicago.
J ones f Morgan, — He was bom in New York
City, February 26, 1832 ; was educated at the school
of St. James' Church in New York ; early took an
interest in machinery and the business of a machin-
ist, and subsequently adopted the business of a
plumber, following the same within four hundred
feet of the spot where he was born. In 1858 he was
elected a City Councilman for New York, and, hav-
ing been four times re-elected, served as President
of the Board for three years ; was subsequently
elected to the Board of Aldermen and made Presi-
dent of that body ; and in 1864 he was elected a
Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Ex-
penditures.
Jones, Nathaniel, — He was a member of the
New York Assembly in 1827 and 1828 ; a Representa-
tive in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1841 ;
a State Senator in 1852 and 1853 ; and also held the
offices of Surveyor-General of the State, and Canal
Commissioner. He died at Newburg, New York, July
21, 1866.
Jones f Kohle Wiinberly, — Born near Lon-
don, England, in 1724 ; his father, Dr. Noble Jones,
was an early settler of Georgia, and he was associ-
ated with him in the practice of medicine at Savan-
nah from 1748 to 1756. He held a military commis-
sion at an early age ; was a member of the Assembly
in 1761 ; and subsequently, being several times Speak-
er. He was a leading patriot in 1774 ; corresponded
with Franklin, the agent of Georgia, in England ; and
was Speaker of the first Georgia Legislature. He was
a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to
1776, and from 1781 to 1783 ; lost a son at the capture
of Savannah in 1778 ; was himself made prisoner at
the fall of Charleston in 1780, and carried to St. Au-
gustine, was exchanged July, 1781 ; practiced medi-
cine in Philadelphia until December 1782, when he
returned to Georgia, and was again a member of the
Assembly. He practiced in Charleston from Decem-
ber, 1783, to December, 1788 ; after which he lived in
Savannah ; was President of the Convention which
revised the State Constitution in 1795. He died in
Savannah, January 9, 1805.
Jones, Ohadiah, — He was appointed by Presi-
dent Jefferson, in 1805, United States Judge for the
Territory of Mississippi ; served one year as Territo-
rial Judge for Illinois in 1809 ; was re-appointed to
the same position in 1810 in Mississippi ; and when
the State Government was established he was also ap-
pointed United States Judge for that District, but
only held the ofl5ce a short time.
Jones, Owen, — Born in Pennsylvania ; a lawyer
by profession, and Representative in the Thirty-fifth
Congress from his native State.
Jones, Holand, — He was born in North Caro-
lina ; was a Representative in the Thirty-third Con-
gress from Louisiana.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
233
Jones f Sainuel, — He spent the early years of his
life as a sailor ; afterwards studied law, was admitted
to the bar in New York City ; and acquired a lucra-
tive practice ; his ofl&ce was sought by law students,
among whom was De Witt Clinton ; he filled many
important public positions ; in 1778 was a member of
the Convention which adopted the Federal Constitu-
tion, and drew up most of the amendments ; he was
Chief Justice of New York, and called the " Father of
the New York Bar." Removed to his farm at Rye
Neck, where he spent the later years of his life in re-
tirement, and wrote his various productions. He died
in 1819.
tToneSf Samuel ^ fir, — Born in 1769 ; graduated
at Yale College in 1790 ; studied law with his father;
was a member of the New York Assembly from 1812
to 1814 ; Recorder of New York City in 1823 ; Chancel-
or of the State in 1826 ; Chief Justice of the Superior
Court of the City in 1828 ; was Judge of the Supreme
Court of the State from 1847 to 1849 ; and ex-officio a
Judge of the Court of Appeals. Published, with R.
Varick, "Laws of the State of New York, from
1778 to 1789." He received the degree of LL.D. from
Columbia College in 1826. Died at Cold Spring, Long
Island, August 8, 1853.
tToneSf Seaborn, — Born in Augusta, Georgia, in
1788 ; entered Princeton College but was obliged to
leave before graduating, on account of his father's
failure in business ; studied law, and came to the bar
in his twenty-first year by special act of the Legisla-
ture ; was made Solicitor-General of the State in 1823;
was a Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1835,
and from 1845 to 1847. Died in Columbus, Geor-
gia in 1874. He was a distinguished lawyer for fifty
years.
fToneSf Thomas Laurens, — Born in Ruther-
ford County, North Carolina, January 22, 1819 ; grad-
uated in the preparatory school at Columbia, South
Carolina, and at Princeton, New Jersey ; took the de-
gree of LL.B. in the Law School of Harvard Univer-
sity ; traveled ten years in Europe ; and on his re-
turn was admitted to the bar at Charleston in 1846.
Removed to New York City to practice in 1847 ; sub-
sequently settled in Newport, Kentucky ; was a mem-
ber of the General Assembly of that State in 1853 and
1854 ; was a Delegate to many State and National
Conventions ; was elected to the Fortieth and Forty-
first Congresses, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth
Congress. In December, 1875, he was appointed
Chairman of the Committee on Railways and Canals.
tToneSf Walter, — He was born in Virginia, in
1745, graduated at William and Mary College in
1760 ; studied medicine in Edinburgh, Scotland, and
received the degree of M. D. ; on his return to Vir-
ginia he settled in Northumberland and became emi-
nent as a scholar and physician. In 1777 he was ap-
pointed by Congress Physician-General of the hospi-
tal in the middle department ; was a Representative
in Congress from Virginia from 1797 to 1799 ; and
again from 1803 to 1811. He was at one time a "Free
Thinker," but his views were subsequently entirely
changed, and he embraced the Christian faith ; after
which he wrote a lengthy volume denouncing his for-
mer belief, and stating with great clearness the
grounds upon which he did so. This was done for the
satisfaction of his own conscience and the gratification
of his children. He died in Westmoreland County,
Virginia, December 31, 1815.
Jones, Walter, — Son of the preceding, was
born at Hay field, Northumberland County, Virginia,
October 14, 1775 ; was educated by a private tutor,
Mr. Ogilvy of Scotland, it was the intention of his
father that he should graduate at William and Mary
College, but his plan was changed and he commenced
the study of law with Bushrod Washington ; he was
admitted to the bar in Richmond, May, 1736 ; settled
in Leesburg and practiced extensively in the adjoin-
ing courts. In 1802 he was appointed by Jefferson,
United States Attorney for the District of the Potomac;
and in 1804 for the District of Columbia ; which he
resigned in 1821, being the only public positions he
would ever accept, his residence in Washington
would have prevented his entering the political field
had he been disposed to submit to the urgent appeals
of his friends to do so. In his early life he became
convinced of the evils of slavery, and was one of the
founders of the American Colonization Society. He
was a friend of Madison, Marshall, and Clay, and was
intimate with all the leading Statesmen of the day.
He was considered a deeply read and accomplished
lawyer, was employed in the " Randolph Will Case,"
theGirard and Gaines Cases, and held a high position
at the bar of the Supreme Court. He was ever a true
patriot, was personally acquainted with Washington,
and was one of the founders of the Washington Mon-
ument ; he denounced the act of secession as a double
treason to the Union and Virginia. He died in Wash-
ington on his birthday, October 14, 1861.
Jones, Williafn, — Born in Philadelphia ; took
an active part in the revolutionary struggle, having
fought at Trenton and Princeton as a volunteer, and
served in several vessels ; he was a Lieutenant under
Commodore Truxton, and was twice wounded and
twice made prisoner. In 1790 settled in Charleston,
South Carolina, whence he returned to Philadelphia in
1793 ; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl-
vania from 1801 to 1803, and was for a short time Sec-
retary of the Navy under President Madison. He was
also President of the Bank of the United States, Collec-
tor of Customs at Philadelphia, and for twenty- six
years was a member of the American Philosophical
Society, before which he read many valuable commu-
nications, which were published. Died at Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania, in 1831.
Jones, William, — Born in Newport, Rhode Isl-
and, in 1754 ; was a a carpenter in his youth ; entered
the army in 1775 as a Captain in Colonel Lippitt's
Rhode Island regiment ; afterward commanded a
marine corps in one of the national frigates ; was made
prisoner at Charleston, South Carolina, and after the
war was a merchant in Providence till his death. He
was for several years a Representative from Provi-
dence in the Assembly, and also Speaker of that body.
He was Governor of Rhode Island from 1811 to 1817,
and died in Providence, April 9, 1822.
JoneSf William O, — He was a Judge of the
United States Court for the District of Alabama.
Jones, Williain T, — He was born in Corydon,
Indiana, February 20, 1842 ; received his education at
the Miami University, Ohio, studied law, served in
the army as lieutenant, captain, and major of the
Seventeenth Indiana Volunteers; was Presidential
Elector in 1868, appointed Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court of Wyoming, April 6, 1869, and was
elected a Delegate from Wyoming Territory to the
Forty- Second Congress.
Jones f Willie, — He was a brother of Allan ; was
a delegate to the convention which formed the State
Constitution of North Carolina in 1776, and drew up
the instrument which was adopted ; was president of
the Committee of Safety in 1775, delegate to the House
of Commons of North Carolina from 1776 to 1778 ; del-
egate to the Continental Congress in 1780 and 1781 ;
was elected a member of the Federal Constitutional
Convention, but declined, and was a member of the
State Constitutional Convention which rejected the
234
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
United States Constitution in 17!
Raleigh, North Carolina,
Died near
JordOYlf Dillon, — He was an early emigrant to
the Territory of Florida, and in 1838 he was appointed
a United States Judge for that district.
J'orcloUf Edivard, — He was born in New York,
and in 1861 he was appointed from Ohio the Solic-
itor of the United States Treasury, which position he
held until 1869.
tToycCf Charles Herbert, — Born near Andover,
Hampshire County, England, January 30, 1830 ; emi-
grated to the United States, with his parents, in 1836,
and settled in Washington County, Vermont ; studied
law, was admitted to the bar in 1852, and began to
practice at Northfield ; was State Librarian in 1855
and 1856, County Attorney in 1856 and 1857, commis-
sioned Major of Second Vermont Infantry (three-years
men) in 1861, and promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in
1862. Resumed the practice of law at Rutland after
his service in the army ; was a member of the Legis-
lature in 1869, 1870 and 1871 ; was Speaker during
the latter term, and was elected a Representative
from Vermont to the Forty-fourth Congress.
tTiKldf Noi^man H, — He was born in Rome,
Oneida County, New York, January 10, 1815 ; educated
at the Grammar School of that town ; studied law and
removed to Chicago, 111., in 1836 ; became an Alder-
man in the City Council ; was also City Attorney,
Notary Public, and County Attorney ; was a member
of the Illinois Senate from 1844, by repeated elections,
until 1860 ; was appointed by President Lincoln Min-
ister Plenipotentiary to Prussia in 1861, and held the
office until 1865, and in 1866 be was elected a Repre-
sentative, from Illinois, to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency,
and Weights and Measures ; subsequently appointed
Collector of Customs at Chicago.
tTudsotif Andreiv T, — Born at Eastford, Con-
necticut, Nov. 29, 1784. His education was obtained
at the common schools, and under the instructions of
his father and brother. He studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1806, when he removed to Mont-
pel ier, Vermont, and practiced in that State. He
afterwards returned to his native town, and in 1809
went to Canterbury, which he made his permanent
residence. In 1819 he received the appointment of
State's Attorney for Windham County, which office
he held for fourteen years. He was at different times
a member of both branches of the Legislature, and
was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1839,
when he was elected Judge of the District Court, and
continued in that position until his death. In Octo-
ber, 1850, he was designated, by the the Circuit Judge
of the Second Circuit, to hold the Courts of the
United States in the Southern District of New York
during the illness of the distinguished Judge of that
district, and he officiated at the trial of Mr. O'Sulli-
van, and others, for the attempted Cuban invasion.
Among the causes which were brought before him
for adjudication was the libel suit of the Amistad
and the lift}'- four Africans on board. He died at
home, March 17, 1853.
tTitliaiif George W, — Was born in Centreville,
Wayne County, hidiana, May 5, 1817 ; received a
good common-school education ; spent three years as
sciiool-teacher ; studied law, and was admitted to the
bar in 1840. In 1845 he was elected to the Legis-
lature of Indiana ; was a Delegate to the " Buffalo
Convention " of 1848 ; was a Representative in Con-
gress from Indiana from 1849 to 1851. In 1852 he
was nominated by the " Pittsburg Convention " for
the office of Vice-President of the United States, on
the ticket with J. P. Hale for President ; and in 1856
he was Vice-President of the " Republican Conven-
tion " held at Pittsburg. In 1860 he was elected a
Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands,
on Public Expenditures, and the Joint Committee on
the Conduct of the War; and in 1862 was re-elected
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, was Chairman of the
Committee on Public Lands, and a member of the
Committee on Public Expenditures. Re-elected to
the Thirty ninth Congress, serving again at the head
of the Public Lands Committee, and on that on Ex-
penses in the Navy Department. He was also a
member of the National Committee appointed to ac-
comjDany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois.
Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
additional Committees on the Assassination of Presi-
dent Lincoln, and Education and Labor.
tTunkirif JBenjamin T, — Bom in Cumberland
County, Pennsylvania, November 12, 1822 ; educated
at Fayette College ; studied law at Carlisle, and was
admitted to the bar in 1844 ; was elected District At-
torney for Perry County in 1850, and held the office
three years ; and was elected from Pennsylvania to
the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the Committee
on Revolutionary Pensions.
Kalbfleischf Martin, — He was born in Flush-
ing, Netherlands, February 6, 1804 ; received a com-
mon-school education, and adopted the profession of
a chemist. He came to the IJnited States early in
life, and his first public position was that of Health
Warden in New York City in 1832. In 1836 he was
Trustee of one of the common schools in New York ;
in 1852 and the two following years Supervisor of the
town of Bnshwick, Kings County. In 1854 he was
appointed President of a Board of Commissioners for
consolidating the cities of Brooklyn, WilJiamsburg,
and Bushwick. In 1855 he was elected an Alderman
of Brooklyn, and, having been re-elected, was Presi-
dent of the Board of Aldermen from 1857 to 1861 ;
during the latter year he was elected Mayor of Brook-
lyn; and in 1862 was elected a Representative from
New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Expen-
ditures in the Treasury Department. He was also a
Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con-
vention " of 1866 ; and in 1867 he was again elected
Mayor of Brooklyn. Died in Brooklyn, February 12,
1873.
Kane, Ellas K, — He was born in New York
State about the year 1795, and was bred to the legal
profession. At an early period of his life he went to
Tennessee, and finally settled in Kaskaskia, in Illi-
nois Territory, in 1815. In 1818 he was a member of
the Convention for framing a State Constitution, and
when that government was organized, he was ap-
pointed Secretary of State. He was subsequently
elected a member of the Legislature ; and from 1825
to 1835 he was a Senator in Congress from Illinois,
officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Private
Land Claims. He died at Washington, District of
Columbia, December 12, 1835.
Kane, John K, — He was born in Albany, New
York, in 1795 ; graduated at Yale College in 1814 ;
studied law and settled in Philadelphia ; in 1832 he
was one of a Board of Commissioners to settle certain
claims with France : in 1845 he was chosen Attorney-
General of Pennsylvania, but resigned in 1846 for the
position of United States District Judge for the State
of Pennsylvania. He was a man of high culture, and
President of the American Philosophical Society.
Died in Philadelphia, February 21, 1858.
KassoUf John A, — He was born near Burl-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
235
ington, Vermont, January 11, 1822 ; graduated at
the University of Vermont in 1842 ; studied law in
Massachusetts, and practiced the profession in St.
Louis, Missouri, until 1857, when he removed to Iowa.
In 1858 he was appointed a Commissioner to report
upon the condition of the Executive Departments of
Iowa ; assisted in 1859 in organizing the State Bank
of Iowa, and became Director for the Slate. In 1861
he was appointed Assistant Postmaster-General,
which office he resigned in 1862, when he was elected
a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Ways and
Means. During the summer of 1863 he was ap-
pointed by President Lincoln, a Commissioner to the
International Postal Congress at Paris, returning in
August. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Appropriations and
the Death of Pj'esident Lincoln, and as Chairman of
the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures.
On his retiring from Congress in 1867 he was ap-
pointed a Special Commissioner to Europe for the
Post-Office Department, and on his return was elected
to the Legislature of Iowa for several years. He
was re-elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth
Congresses.
Haufinan, T>avid S, — Born in Cumberland,
Pennsylvania, in 1813 ; graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1833; not long after he removed to Natchez,
Mississippi, and read law in the office of General
Quitman. In 1835 he settled in Natchitoches, Louis-
iana. In 1837 he emigrated to Nacogdoches, in Tex-
as, and in 1838 was elected a Representative in the
Texan Congress ; he was twice re-elected, and twice
chosen Speaker of the House. In 1843 he was elected
to the Senate, and from the Committee on Foreign
Relations, in 1844, presented a report in favor of an-
nexation, and took an active part in its consumma-
tion. In 1845 he was appointed Charge to this gov-
ernment, but that office was superseded by the final
act of annexation, and he was elected one of the first
members of the House of Representatives from Tex-
as, serving from 1846 to 1851. He died in Washing-
ton, District of Columbia, January 13, 1851.
Kavanagh, Edtvard, — He was born April 27,
1795 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a member
of the Maine Legislature in 1826, 1828, 1842, and
1843 ; Secretary of the State Senate in 1830, and he
was a Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1835,
when he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to Portu-
gal, where he remained until 1841. In 1842 he was a
Commisioner for settling the North-east Boundary ;
and was Acting Governor of Maine from 1843 to
1844 ; and for a short time President of the State
Senate. He died at Newcastle, Maine, January 20,
1844.
Kearif John, — He was a Delegate, from South
Carolina, to the Continental Congress, from 1785 to
1787.
Kearney, Dyre, — He was a Delegate, from
Delaware, to the Continental Congress, from 1786 to
1788.
Keese, 'Richard, — He was born in Peru, Clinton
County, New York, November 23, 1794 ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New York from 1827 to
1829 ; subsequently settled in Pennsylvania, where
he was still living in 1875.
Kehr, Edtvard C, — Born in St. Louis, Missouri,
November 5, 1837 ; received an academic education,
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in St. Louis in
1858, where he has since been engaged in the practice
of his profession. In 1873 he was elected a Represent-
ative from Missouri to the Forty-fourth Congress,
having never held any public office before.
Keinif George May, — Born in Reading, Penn-
sylvania, March 23, 1805 ; educated at Princeton Col-
lege, studied law, and came to the bar in 1826 ; soon
after became Cashier of the Farmer's Bank at Read-
ing. In 1829 he became interested in the navigation
and railroad interests of his district, became a prom-
inent official among the Masons, took an interest in
military affairs, and became a Major-General of mi-
litia. He was an earnest student of geology and In-
dian history, and collections that he made were do-
nated to public institutions, including the Smithson-
ian Institution. In 1835 he became the head of a
firm which established an extensive rolling-mill ; was
a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of
1837. In that year he was elected to Congress to fill
a vacancy, and was twice re-elected. In 1842 he pre-
sided at a Congressional dinner given to Charles Dick-
ens in Washington ; was himself a writer of verses.
By President Taylor he was appointed Marshal of
Eastern Pennsylvania, and re-appointed by President
Polk. In 1847 he was made President of the " Lib-
erty Union ; " was one of the Managers of the Phila-
delphia Art Union. In 1852 he was elected Mayor of
Reading, and was a Presidential Elector in 1860. He
took an interest in raising troops for the Rebellion,
and died suddenly June 10, 1861, while drilling a com-
pany for the war.
Kehn, Williain High, — He was bom near
Reading, Pennsylvania, June 13, 1813 ; educated at
the Mount Airy Military School ; rose by regular
degrees to the rank of Major-General of Militia ; in
1848 lie was elected Mayor of Reading ; in 1859 he
was elected a Representative in Congress ; Avas also
Surveyor-General of the State ; was placed in com-
mand of a Division of the Volunteer Army in 1861 ;
after a campaign on the Upper Potomac he was
appointed a Brigadier-General in the National Army ;
served with honor in the Army of the Potomac ; and
he died at Harrisburg, May 18, 1862, of typhoid fever
contracted while in command of his brigade on the
Peninsula, and was mentioned with honor by the
War Department.
Keithf Heuel, — He was born in Georgetown, Dis-
trict of Columbia, September 1, 1826, his father,
bearing the same name, having been the leading
Episcopal Clergyman in that place. Left an orphan
at an early age he went to live with his grand- parents
in Middlebury, Vermont and was educated at the col-
lege in that town ; his genius for mathematics having
become known, he was selected to assist in establish-
ing the then new observatory at Washington, under
Matthew F. Maury ; he received the appointment of
Professor of Mathematics in the Navy, and was con-
nected with that institution for about eleven years.
His health and eyesight having been injured by too
close application to his duties he resigned, and subse-
quently took charge of the Trinity Female Seminary
at Pass Christian in Mississippi ; and during the
progress of the Rebellion he continued his school in
Mobile ; when the war ended he gave up his school
and returned to the District of Columbia ; and for
several years past has been engaged on mathematical
calculations for the benefit of the General Govern-
ment.
Keiftf Latvrence M, — He was born in Orange-
burg District, South Carolina, October 4, 1824
graduated at the College of South Carolina in 1843
studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1845
was elected to the State Legislature in 1848 ; and in
1853 to a seat in the National House of Representa-
tives, having been regularly re-elected until Decem-
ber, 1860, when he resigned, serving in the Thirty-
236
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
fiftli Congress as Chairman of the Committee on
Public Buildings and Grounds. Just before leaving
Congre'3s, lie was elected to the Seceding Convention
of South Carolina, and subsequently took an active
part in the great Rebellion as a member of the Con-
federate Congress. Killed in battle, in Virginia, in
June, 1864.
Kelleijf William W. — Was bom in Philadel-
phia, in the spring of 1814 ; received a good English
education ; commenced life as a reader in a printing-
office ; spent seven years as an apprentice in a jewelry
establishment ; removed to Boston and followed his
trade there for four years, devoting some attention to
literary matters ; returned to Philadelphia, studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841, and held
the office for some years of Judge of the Court of
Common Pleas in Philadelphia. In addition to his
many political speeches, a number of literary
addresses have been published from his pen. He
was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of
the Committees on Indian Affairs, and Expenditures
on Public Buildings. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture,
and on Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, serving on the Committees on the Library,
Naval Affairs, and on Freedmen. He was a Delegate
to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866;
and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving
on old committees and as Chairman of that on
Weights and Measures. Re-elected to the four suc-
ceeding Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on the Centennial Celebration.
Kellogg, Charles. — He was a native of Berk-
shire County, Massachusetts ; served six years in the
New York Assembly from Cayuga County, and was a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1825
to 1827.
Kellogg, Francis W, — Born in Worthington,
Hampshire County, Massachusetts, May 30, 1810 ; re-
ceived a limited education, and, having removed to
Michigan, entered into the business of lumbering.
He served in the Legislature of Michigan, and was
elected a Representative from that State to the Thir-
ty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Com-
mittee on Invalid Pensions ; was re-elected to the
Thirfy-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees
on Public Lands and on Expenditures in the Post-
Office Department ; and was also re-elected to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a member of the
Committee on Military Affairs. In 1865 he was ap-
pointed by President Johnson Collector of Internal
Revenue for Alabama, and was elected from that
State to the Fortieth Congress.
Kellogg, Orlando. — He was born in Elizabeth-
town, New York, June 18, 1809 ; studied law and was
admitted to the bar in 1838 ; in 1840 he was appoint-
ed Surrogate of Essex County, which office he held
for four years ; was elected in 1846 a Representative
from New York to the Thirtieth Congress ; re-eleoted
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Manufactures, and on the Militia ; and in
1864 he was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
but died before taking his seat, at Elizabethtown,
August 24, 1865.
Kellogg , Stephen W. — Born in Shelburne, Mas-
sachusetts, April 5, 1822 ; graduated at Yale College
in 1846 ; studied law, and practiced at Naugatuck
and Waterbury ; was Judge of the New Haven Coun-
ty Court in 1854 ; Clerk of the State Senate in 1851 ;
member of the State Senate in 1853, and of the State
House of Representatives in 1856 ; elected Judge of
Probate in 1854, and held the office six years ; was a
Delegate to the National Republican Conventions of
1860 and 1868 ; elected to the Forty-first, Forty-sec-
ond and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Com-
mittees on the Pacific Railroad, War Claims, and
Chairman of that on Reform in the Civil Service.
Kellogg, William. — Born in Ashtabula County,
Ohio, July 8, 1814, and removed to Illinois in 1837.
His education was obtained in the common schools of
the country, and having studied law, he acquired an
extensive practice in the ^district, of disputed land
titles in Illinois. He served in the State Legislature
in 1849 and 1850, and was three years Judge of the Cir-
cuit Court of Illinois, and elected a Representative
from that State to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving
as a member of the Committee on Public Expendi-
tures. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv-
ing on the Judiciary Committee, and on the Special
Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States.
Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on
the Judiciary Committee, and that on Government
Expenditures. In 1864 he was appointed by Presi-
dent Lincoln Minister to Guatemala, and in 1866 Chief
Justice of Nebraska Territory, by President Johnson.
Kellogg, William Pitt. — He was born in Ver-
mont in 1830 ; removed to Illinois in 1848 ; studied
law and came to the bar in 1854 ; he was a Presiden-
tial Elector in 1856 and 1860, and a Delegate to the
Republican Conventions of those years ; was appoint-
ed by President Lincoln Chief Justice of Nebraska,
which position he resigned to take command of a cav-
alry regiment ; for his services in Southern Missouri,
and in the Corinth campaign, he was made a Briga-
dier-General ; left the army on account of his health;
was appointed Collector of the Port of New Orleans ;
and in 1868, was elected a Senator in Congress from
Louisiana, for the term ending in 1871, serving on the
Committees on Commerce and Private Land Claims.
He was subsequently elected Governor of Louisiana,
his right to be recognized as such having been con-
tested Avith much bitterness between the political
parties of the State.
Kelly, flames. — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1805 to 1809.
Kelly, James K. — Born in Centre County,
Pennsylvania, February 16, 1819 ; graduated at
Princeton College in 1839 ; studied law and came to
the bar in 1842 ; went to California in 1849, and to
Oregon in 1851 ; was elected in 1852 one of three
commissioners to prepare a code of laws for that Ter-
ritory ; was a member of the Legislative Council from
1853 to 1857 ; a member of the Convention which
framed the Constitution of Oregon in 1857 ; was a
Senator in the State Legislature from 1860 to 1864 ;
was appointed United States District Attorney for Ore-
gon in 1860, but declined ; in 1855 he was chosen Lieu-
tenant-Colonel of the First Regiment of Oregon Mount-
ed Volunteers, and was engaged in the Yakima Indian
war in 1855 and 1856 ; and was elected a Senator in
Congress for the term commencing in 1871 and ending
in 1877, serving on the Committees on Post-Offices,
Mines and Mining, and Military Affairs.
Kelly, John. — Bom in the City of New York,
April 21, 1821 ; educated at the public schools in that
city ; by trade a mason ; was Alderman of the city for
two years ; and elected a Representative in the Thir-
ty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving on the
Committee on Ways and Means. In October, 1858,
he was elected High Sheriff for the City and County
of New York. He was also a Delegate to the "Chi-
cago Convention " of 1864.
Kelly, Milton. — He was bom in New York, and
appointed an Associate Justice of the United States
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
237
Court for tlie Territory of Idaho. This Judge has
been incorrectly placed upon the records as Kellogg.
Kelly f Williahi, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Louisiana during the years 1821 and
1822 ; and a Senator in Congress, from 1822 to
1825.
Kelsej/f Willia^n H, — He was born in Smyrna,
New York, October 2, 1812 ; adopted the profession
of law ; in 1840 he was appointed Surrogate of Liv-
ingston County ; in 1850 District Attorney of the same
County ; was elected a Representative from New
York to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses,
serving on the Committee on Agriculture ; and re-
elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses,
serving on the Committee on Appropriations and Ac-
counts.
JKelsOf Jfohn It, — Born in Franklin County,
Ohio, March 21, 1831 ; educated at Pleasant Ridge
College, Missouri ; was for a time the Principal of an
academy ; served through the war for the Union as a
Lieutenant and Captain, and in 1864 he was elected a
Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post-Ofiice
and Post-Roads. He was also a Delegate to this Phil-
adelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.
Kernhle^ Gouverneur, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
1837 to 1841.
JKeinpeVf tfames L, — ^He was born in Madison
County, Virginia, in 1824 ; was educated at Wash-
ington College and at the Virginia Military Institute ;
became a lawyer in 1846 ; served through the war
with Mexico as a Captain ; served ten years in the
Legislature of his native State ; served as a Colonel,
and became a Major-General in the Confederate Army
during the Rebellion, having been wounded and left
for dead on the field of battle at Gettysburg ; in
1874 he was elected Governor of Virginia.
Kempshallf Thomas, — He was born in Eng-
land, and, having emigrated to New York, was a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1839
to 1841. He was one of the pioneers of Rochester,
and died in that city, January 14, 1865.
JLenaUf Tliotnas, — Born in Duplin County,
North Carolina, in 1771. In 1799 he was a member of
the House of Delegates ; served in the State Senate in
1804 ; and was a Representative in Congress from
North Carolina from 1805 to- 1811. He subsequently
removed to Alabama, where he served for many years
in the Legislature of that State, but declined a re-
election to Congress. Died near Selma, October 22,
1843.
Kendall^ Amos, — He was born in Dunstable,
Massachusetts, August 16, 1789 ; commenced his edu-
cation while a farmer's boy at the academies of New
Ipswich and Groton ; taught school at North Reading,
and with the money thus obtained, entered Dartmouth
College, and graduated with honor. In 1811 he com-
menced the study of law ; in 1814 he visited Wash-
ington City, and thence went to Lexington, Kentucky,
where he was a tutor for one year in the family of
Henry Clay ; in 1816 he was appointed Postmaster of
Georgetown, Kentucky, and while practicing his pro-
fession edited a newspaper called the Argus, and for
many years was a constant writer for the political
press ; became a Director in the Bank of the Common-
wealth ; in 1829 he was appointed by President Jack-
son Fourth Auditor of the Treasury ; and in May,
1835, he was promoted to the position of Postmaster-
General, in which position he continued under Pres-
ident Van Buren until May, 1840. He subsequently
took up his permanent residence in Washington City.
Soon after the claims of Professor Morse in regard to
the telegraph had been recognized by Congress, he
became identified with the practical workings of that
invention. He was also the founder of the Deaf and
Dumb Institution in Washington ; and at the cost of
one hundred thousand dollars, he built as a memorial
to his wife the Baptist Calvary Church of Washing-
ton. In 1866 he went to Europe on a tour of pleasure,
extending his travels even to the Holy Land ; and at
the time of his death was engaged in writing a His-
tory of his Life and Times. He is also the author of
a Life of Andrew Jackson. Died in Washington,
June 12, 1869.
jKendallf Charles West, — He was born in
Searsmont, Maine, April 22, 1828 ; educated at Phil-
lips Academy, Massachusetts, and attended a partial
course at Yale College ; studied law in Sacramento,
California, and practiced in Nevada ; was a member
of the Legislature of California in 1861 and 1862, and
elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con-
gresses from Nevada, serving on the Committees on
Mines and Mining and Treasury Department.
Kendallf Jonas, — He was born at Worcester,
Massachusetts, in 1757 ; obtained a finished education
by his own unaided exertions ; served thirteen years
in the Legislature of Massachusetts ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from that State from 1819 to
1821. Died in Leominster, Massachusetts, October
22, 1844.
Kendall, Joseph G, — Born in 1788 ; gradu-
ated at Harvard University in 1810, and was a tutor
there from 1812 to 1819. He was a Representative
in Congress from Massachusetts from 1829 to
1833 ; and then appointed Clerk of the State Courts.
He died at Worcester, Massachusetts, October 3,
1847.
Kennedy, Andretv, — Born in Ohio, in 1810 ;
was bred a blacksmith, and at the age of nineteen
could neither read nor write. He subsequently
studied law, and was a member of the State Senate
of Indiana ; and represented that State in Congress
from 1841 to 1847. He died at Muncietown, Indiana,
December 31, 1847.
Kennedy, Anthony, — Born in Baltimore,
Maryland, in 1811 ; removed, when ten years of age,
to Virginia ; educated at Jefferson Academy, Charles-
town, Virginia ; studied law, but abandoned it, and
subsequently engaged in the manufacture of cotton
and in planting. . He was a member of the Legislature
of Virginia from 1839 to 1843, and an unsuccessful
candidate for Congress from Virginia ; removed to
Baltimore in 1850, and was elected to the Maryland
Legislature in 1856, serving as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means, and by that body elect-
ed to the United States Senate for six years from
March 4, 1857, serving as a member of the Commit-
tee on Private Land Claims, and on the District of
Columbia.
Kennedy, flames K, — He was an Associate
Justice of the United States Court for the Territory
of Washington.
Kennedy, John I*, — He was born in Baltimore,
October, 1795. He studied law, and practiced in that
city until 1838, when he was elected to the House of
Representatives, in the Federal Legislature, and
served in that body through the Twenty-fifth,
Twenty-seventh, and Twenty-eighth Congresses ;
elected in 1846 to the House of Delegates of Maryland
, (of which he had been a member in the sessions of
k
238
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
1820 and 1822) ; lie was made Speaker, and took an
active part in the measure which was then adopted to
resume the payment of the State debt, and the resto-
ration of the public credit. In 1823 he was Secretary
of Legation to Chili. Since 1847, he has held no
political post, but has devoted his time to literary
pursuits. His last national position was that of Sec-
retary of the Navy, under President Fillmore. In
1849 he was chosen by the Regents of the University
of Maryland to preside over that institution, as
Provost, which position he now occupies. Among his
various political tracts, speeches, reports, and ad-
dresses, which have been published, are ' ' A Review
of Mr. Cambreling's Free-Trade Report, by Mephis-
topheles," in 1830 ; " The Memorial of the Permanent
Committee of the New York Convention of Friends of
Domestic Industry," in 1833 ; an elaborate report on
" The Commerce and Navigation of the United
States, by the Committee of Commerce" (of which
Mr. Kennedy was Chairman), in 1842 ; and a report
from the same Committee on " The Warehouse
System," in 1843. Besides these, he has published
several pamphlets and tracts, in defense of the pro-
tective system. In the field of general literature, he
is known to the public as the author of " Swallow
Barn ; a Sojourn in the Old Dominion," " Horseshoe
Robinson," "Rob of the Bowl," "Quod Libet,"
"Memoirs of the Life of William Wirt, late At-
torney-General of the United States," sundry histori-
cal, biographical, and literary discourses, essays and
reviews, which have not yet been collected into
volumes. He was an active member of the Historical
Society of Maryland, and for a long time its Vice-
President. Died at Newport, Rhode Island, in
August, 1870.
Kennedi/f tfoseph C, G. — He was born in
Meadville, Pennsylvania, in 1813 ; his father, Samuel
Kennedy, having distinguished himself as a surgeon
in the Revolution. He was educated at the Allegha-
ny College, and studied law ; edited a country paper
for several years, and paid attention to agriculture ;
in 1849 he was invited to Washington, and made Sec-
retary of the Census Board ; drafted the bill which
established the Census Bureau, to the head of which
he was appointed ; in 1851 he visited Europe on offi-
cial business connected with cheap postage and
other matters ; in 1862 appointed a Commissioner to
the London International Exhibition. The official
publications which he has directed, and his writings
for the press on Statistics, and various other topics in-
teresting to the public, are very numerous. As a man
of culture and refinement, he has been a prominent
figure in the society of Washington City for more than
the fourth of a century, and the honors that he re-
ceived from the learned men and societies of Europe
for his labor on the Census were most unusual and
complimentary.
Kennedy f Williain. — He was a Representative
in Congress from North Carolina from 1803 to 1805,
from 1809 to 1811, and from 1813 to 1815.
Kenneft, Luther M, — He was born in Fal-
mouth, Pendleton County, Kentucky, March 15, 1807 ;
received a good English and classical education ; was
for a number of years Deputy Clerk of Pendleton and
Campbell Counties ; he studied law, and in 1825 re-
moved to Missouri, where he engaged in mercantile
pursuits ; having settled in St. Louis in 1842, he was
elected to the Councils of that city ; in 1849 he was
Chairman of the " Pacific Railroad Convention," held
in St. Louis, and subsequently Vice-President of the
company formed for commencing the work ; in 1850
he was elected Mayor of St. Louis, and re-elected in
1851 and 1852. In 1853 he was elected President of
the St. Louis and Iron Mountain Railroad ; and he was
a Representative in Congress from Missouri (St. Louis
District) from 1855 to 1857.
JKennon, William, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and having emigrated to Ohio, was elected a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1829
to 1833, from 1833 to 1837, and from 1847 to 1849.
Kentf Edtvard, — Born in Concord, New Hamp-
shire, January 8, 1802 ; graduated at Harvard Univer-
sity in 1821 ; studied law, and attended a course of
lectures by Chancellor Kent in New York ; settled in
practice at Bangor, Maine, in 1825, and became emi-
nent in his profession. In 1827 he was appointed Chief
Justice of the Court of Sessions for Penobscot County ;
and from 1829 to 1833 was a member of the Legisla-
ture. He was afterwards Mayor of Bangor for two
years, and Governor of Maine from 1838 to 1840. In
1843 he was appointed by the Legislature one of the
Commissioners for settling the Maine boundary line
under the Ashburton Treaty. In 1848 he was a Dele-
gate to the Convention which nominated General Tay-
lor, and he was appointed by him Consul to Rio
Janeiro. In the spring of 1854 he returned to Bangor
and resumed his profession. In 1859 was appointed
Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of Maine. In
1855 received the degree of LL.D. from Wat. Col-
lege.
Kentf tTanies, — Was born in Philippi, Putnam
County, New York, July 31, 1763 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1781 ; studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1787 ; began to practice in Poughkeepsie ;
was a member of the Legislature in 1790 and 1792 ;
removed to New York in 1793 and became Professor
of Law in Columbia College, from which institution
he received the degree of LL.D. in 1797. Counseled
by Hamilton, he directed his attention to civil law ;
appointed Master in Chancery, and elected to the Leg-
islature in 1798 ; was City Recorder in 1797 ; Judge
of the Supreme Court of New York in 1798 ; Chief
Justice in July 1804 ; and Chancellor from February,
1814, to August, 1823. In 1822 he represented Albany
County in the State Constitutional Convention, of
which he was a distinguished member ; was appointed
Law Professor in Columbia College in 1824, and his
lectures delivered there form the basis of his Com-
mentaries on the United States Constitution, pub-
lished in four volumes from 1825 to 1830. He wrote
a treatise on the City Charter, and the powers of the
Municipal Officers, at the request of the Common
Council, which was published in 1836. Was made
President of the New York Historical Society in 1828.
He was one of the first legal writers of the time, and
his decisions in law and equity are preserved in the
Reports of Caines and Johnson. He spent the latter
part of his life in enlarging and revising his celebrated
Commentaries. He died in New York city, Decem-
ber 12, 1847.
JLent, Joseph,, — Born in 1779 in Calvert County,
Maryland ; was educated for a physician, and com-
bined the practice of his profession with the pursuits
of agriculture. He was a Representative in Congress
from his native State from 1811 to 1815, and from
1821 to 1826 ; Governor of Maryland from 1826 to
1829 ; and United States Senator from 1833 to 1837.
He died near his residence in the vicinity of Bladens- •
burg, Maryland, November 24, 1839.
Kentf Moss, — He was the father of James Kent,
a member of the New York Assembly in 1807 and
1810, from Jefferson County, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State from 1813 to 1817.
Kentf William, — He was born in 1802, and was
the son of James Kent; was for many years a success-
ful lawyer in New York city, and a Judge of the
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
239
Circuit Court; for a short time was a Professor in Har-
vard University, and died at Fislikill, New York,
January 4, 1861.
Kenyan f William S. — He was elected a Repre-
sentative from New York to tlie Tliirty-sixtli Con-
gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Pri-
vate Land Claims.
KeVf David, — He was an early emigrant to the
Territory of Mississippi, and in 1802 was appointed a
Judge of the United States Court for that Territory.
JKernan, Francis, — He was born in Steuben
County, New York, January 14, 1816 ; received his
education at the Georgetown College, District of Co-
lumbia; adopted and practiced the profession of law ;
held for a time the office of Reporter of the Court of
Appeals ; served in the State Legislature; and was
elected a Representative from New York to the Thir-
ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the
Judiciary. He was also a Regent of the University
of Utica, and a Delegate to the " State Constitutional
Convention " of 1867, and the National Convention
held in New York in 1868. Subsequently elected to
the United States Senate for the term commencing in
1875, serving on the Committees on Finance and Pat-
ents.
ILerr, John, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1817.
Kerr, John, — He was born in North Carolina,
received a liberal education, and adopted the profes-
sion of law; was a Representative in Congress from
his native State from 1853 to 1855 ; and was subse-
quently elected to the House of Commons of that
State.
Kerr, John Bozman,— Bom at Easton, Tal-
bot County, Maryland, March 5, 1809; graduated at
Harvard University in 1830. He studied law at Eas-
ton, and was admitted to the bar in 1833; was a mem-
ber of the General Assembly of Maryland from 1836
to 1838; and from 1847 to 1849 he acted as Deputy for
the Attorney-General of Maryland for Talbot County.
From 1849 to 1851 he was a Representative in Con-
gress, and at the end of the session was appointed by
President Fillmore Charge d' Affairs to the Republic
of Nicaragua. During the Revolution of 1851 he had
the good fortune, as the National Representative in
Central America, to bring about an armistice, and was
instrumental in saving the lives of leading officers
of the revolutionary party, for which he received a
formal expression of thanks from the Executive on
leaving the country; and in 1853 the Congress of the
United States voted him an extra sum for services in
Central America. In 1854 he resumed the practice of
his profession in the city of Baltimore, and subse-
quently held an office under the Attorney-General in
Washington, after which he was appointed Deputy
Solicitor of the Court of Claims. He was the son of
J. L. Kerr.
Kerr, John X.— He was born at Greenbury
Point, near Annapolis, Maryland, January 15, 1780;
graduated at St. John's College in 1799; studied law
with John Leeds Bozman, and practiced the profession
with success; and was a Representative in Congress
from Maryland from 1825 to 1829, and again from 1831
to 1833; he was also a Senator in Congress from 1841
to 1843. He was a member of the " National Conven-
tion" held at Harrisburg in 1839, and at the head of
the electoral ticket for President during the same
year. Before entering Congress, he was tlie Agent of
Maryland in the prosecution of militia claims against
the United States. He died at his homestead, in
Maryland, February 21, 1844.
Kerr, Joseph, — He was a Senator in Congress
from Ohio from 1814 to 1815, having succeeded
Thomas Worthington.
Kerr, Michael C — Born near Titusville, Craw-
ford County, Pennsylvania, March 15, 1827 ; was
chiefly self-educated, but studied at several acade-
mies; for a time taught school; studied law in the
University of Louisville, and received the degree of
Bachelor of Laws. After a brief residence in Ken-
tucky he settled at New Albany, Indiana. In 1856
he was elected for two years to the State Assembly;
in 1862 he was elected Reporter to the Supreme
Court of the State, and published five volumes; and
in 1864 he was elected a Representative from Indiana
to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tees on Private Land Claims, and on Accounts. Re-
elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Elections, and Roads and Canals. He was
also re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second
Congresses, serving on various important Committees,
chiefly the Judiciary; and having been re-elected to
the Forty-fourth Congress, he was the choice of his
party for Speaker, and was duly elected.
Kerrigan, James E, — He was elected a Rep-
resentative from New York to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, leaving his seat for a time to serve as Col-
onel of Volunteers in the troubles of 1861.
Kershaw, John, — He was a native of South
Carolina, and a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1813 to 1815, when he was appointed
by President Madison one of the three Commission-
ers to run the Creek boundary lines.
Ketcham, John H, — He was born in Dover,
Dutchess County, New York, December 21, 1831; re-
ceived an academical education, and adopted the oc-
cupation of a farmer. He was for two jears Super-
visor of his native town ; was a member of the Assem-
bly in 1856 and 1857 ; of the State Senate in 1860 and
1861. In 1862 he entered the military service, imd as
Colonel of the One Hundred and Fiftieth New York
Volunteers served until January, 1865, when he was
made a Brigadier-General by brevet, which position
he resigned in March, 1865, having previously been
elected a Representative from New York to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Military Affairs. He was also one of the Representa-
tives designated by the House to attend the funeral
of General Scott in 1866. Re-elected to the Fortieth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Expenditures
in the Post-Office Department, and Military Affairs.
Also re-elected to the Forty -first and Forty-second
Congresses, serving on various Committees. In 1874
he was appointed one of the Commissioners for the
District of Columbia.
Ketchiim., Winthrop W, — Born in Wilkes-
barre, Pennsylvania, in 1820 ; was school teacher for
eight years ; was admitted to the bar in 1850, and
has practiced laAV ever since ; was Prothonotary of
the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County from
1855 to 1858 ; was a member of the House of Rej)re-
sentatives of the State in 1859 ; State Senator in 1860,
1861, and 1862 ; was appointed Solicitor of the United
States Court of Claims by Mr. Lincoln in 1865 ; held
the office two years and resigned. He was elected a
Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth
Congress.
Key, David 31, — Born in Greene County, Ten-
nessee, January 27, 1824 ; worked on his father's
farm until twenty-one years of age ; graduated at
Hiwassie College in 1850 ; studied law, and practiced
with success at Chattanooga ; was a Presidential
249
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNAL
Elector in 1856 ; served as a Colonel in the Confeder-
ate Army ; received his political pardon from Presi-
dent Johnson ; in 1869 he was elected to the State
Constitutional Convention ; in 1870 he was elected a
Chancellor of the State, and in August, 1875, he was
appointed a Senator in Congress to succeed his old
friend Andrew Johnson.
Keijf Francis Scott, — Although this man was
neither a member of Congress, a Federal Judge, a
Diplomat, nor a Governor, he has a most undoubted
right as a guest, and the peer of the most distin-
guished of his countrymen, to appear in this volume.
He did, indeed, hold a minor office under the Federal
Government, but his passport on the present occasion,
is the fact that he was a patriot, and by a simple
national anthem has done more than any other man to
keep alive the sentiment of loyalty to the American
Flag. He was born in Frederick County, Maryland,
August 1, 1779 ; his father, John Ross Key, having
been a Revolutionary officer. He was educated at St.
John's College ; studied law with his distinguished
uncle, Philip Barton Key ; came to the bar in 1801 at
Frederick, and subsequently removed to Washington
City, where he was United States Attorney for the
District of Columbia. He was a writer of poetry ;
and the author of " The Star-Spangled Banner." The
correspondence that passed between him and John
Randolph, as it appears in Garland's Life of the latter
statesman, suggests the belief that an elaborate his-
tory of his own life would be an exceedingly valuable
and interesting production.
Key, Philip, — Was born in St. Mary's County,
Maryland, in 1750 ; received a classical and commer-
cial education ; was devoted to agricultural pursuits ;
served a number of years in the Legislature of Mary-
land, and was for one or two terms Speaker. He also
rendered some service in the Municipal Courts of his
native county. His service as a Representative in
Congress from Maryland* was from 1791 to 1793.
Died in his native place in January, 1820.
Key, JPhilip Harton, — Born in Cecil County,
Maryland, in 1765 ; was liberally educated ; entered
the English army as a Captain, and when the Revolu-
tionary War broke out, he refused to bear arms against
the Colonies ; he had a small command and some
service at Pensacola, Florida, where he was a hard
student ; and after the peace he returned to Maryland,
where he took a high position as a lawyer. He also
represented Annapolis in the State Legislature. He
was a Representative in Congress from Maryland from
1807 to 1813, and died at Georgetown, District of Co-
lumbia, July 28, 1815.
Keyes, Elias, — He was born in Ashf ord, Connec-
ticut : was a Representative in Congress from Ver-
mont from 1821 to 1823. From 1803 to 1818 he was
a State Councilor ; and a member of the Legislature
of Vermont for a period of eighteen years, from Stock-
bridge County.
Kidder f I)avid, — He was born in Dresden, Lin-
coln County, Maine, December 8, 1787 ; received a
classical education from private tutors ; studied law,
and settled in Somerset County, where he was Coun-
ty Attorney from 1811 to 1823 ; was a Representative
in Congress from Maine from 1823 to 1827 ; and a
member of the State Legislature in 1829. Died No-
vember 1, 1860.
Kidder, Jefferson JP.— Born at Braintree, Ver-
m^ont ; educated at the common schools ; graduated at
the Norwich University ; studied and practiced law ;
was State Attorney from 1842 to 1847 ; a member of
the State Constitutional Convention in 1843 ; of the
State Senate in 1847 and 1848 ; Lieutenant-Governor
in 1853 and 1854 ; removed to Minnesota in 1857, and
was elected to the Legislature in 1860, 1862, and 1863 ;
was a Provisional Delegate from Dakota Territory,
while traveling there ; was appointed an Associate
Judge of the Supreme Court of Dakota in 1865, and
removed there ; was re-appointed in 1869, and again
in 1873, and after holding the position ten years, he
resigned on being elected a Delegate from Dakota to
the Forty-fourth Congress.
Kidtvell, ZedehiaJi, — He was born in Fairfax
County, Virginia, January 4, 1814 ; was educated by
his father ; studied medicine, and graduated at the
Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 1839.
After practicing medicine some years, he commenced
in 1848 the study of law, and began to practice as a
lawyer in 1849 ; he served a number of years in the
Legislature of Virginia ; was a member of the " State
Constitutional Convention " in 1849 ; was a Presiden-
tial Elector in 1852, and a Representative in Congress
from Virginia from 1853 to 1857. In 1857 he was
elected one of three Commissioners to superintend the
public works for the State of Virginia, representing
in that board the Third District. Died in Fairmount,
April 27, 1872.
Kilbourn, James, — Bom in New Britain, Con-
necticut, October 19, 1770. While apprenticed as a
farmer's boy he received instruction in Latin and
Greek and mathematics from the son of his employer ;
was next a mechanic, then a merchant and manufac-
turer, and finally studied divinity, and became a cler-
gyman of the Episcopal Church. In 1803 he was in-
strumental in forming an emigrating colony to Cen-
tral Ohio, called the ' ' Scioto Company. " A town was
soon organized, and named Worthington. In 1805 he
was appointed by Congress to the office of United
States Surveyor of Public Lands ; and in 1806 he was
chosen by the Legislature a member of the Board of
Trustees of Ohio College, at Athens. In 1812 he was
appointed by the President a Commissioner to settle
the boundary between the Public Lands and the Vir-
ginia Reservation, and also commissioned as Colonel
of the Frontier Regiment. He was one of the Com-
missioners for locating Miami University, and Presi-
dent of the Board of Trustees of Worthington College.
From 1813 to 1817 he was a Representative in Con-
gress from Ohio. In 1823 he was elected to the Ohio
Legislature, serving on fourteen committees, and was
re-elected in 1838, and subsequently devoted much at-
tention to matters of State policy. He died in Worth-
ington, Ohio, April 24, 1850.
Kilgore, Daniel, — He was bom in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from
1835 to 1839. Died in New York, December 12,
1851.
Kilgore, David, — He was born in Harrison
County, Kentucky, April 3, 1804, and removed with
his father to Indiana in 1819, and settled in Franklin
County. He received a common-school education,
and commenced the study of law in 1825, and was ad-
mitted to practice in 1830, and removed to Delaware
County. In 1833 he was elected to the State Legisla-
ture, and served several years. In 1839 he was elected
by the Legislature President Judge of the Judicial
Circuit in which he resided, and held the office seven
years. In 1850 he was a Delegate to the Constitutional
Convention of the State. In 1854 he was again elected
to the Legislature, and was Speaker of the House.
In 1856 he was elected a Representative from Indiana
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was re-elected to the
Thirty sixth, serving as a member of the Committee
on Expenditures in the Treasury Department, and
that on the District of Columbia. He was also a Dele-
gate to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven-
tion " of 1866.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
241
KillCf tlosejjh. — He was born in New Jersey,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1839 to 1841.
KilleUf William. — Born in Ireland in 1722 ;
came to America in his fifteenth year ; received a
liberal education by private study ; was a county
Surveyor in Delaware ; studied law, and practiced
the profession with success ; was a member of the
State Legislature ; was the first Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court of the State from 1776 to 1793;
Chancellor of the State from 1793 to 1801 ; and died
in Dover, Delaware, October 3, 1805.
Killing er, John W, — He was born in Lebanon,
Pennsylvania, September 18, 1825 ; graduated at
Marshall College, in 1843 ; studied law, and came to
the bar in 1846 ; was Attorney for Lebanon County
until 1849 ; elected to the House of Representatives
of the State in 1850 and 1851 ; elected to the State
Senate in 1854, serving three years ; was elected to
the Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, Forty-second, and
Forty -third Congresses, serving on the Committees
on Revision of Laws and Pacific Railroad.
Kilpatrichf Judson, — Born near Dickertown,
New Jersey, January 14, 1836 ; graduated at West
Point in 1861 ; entered the First Artillery, and was
wounded at Big Bethel, Virginia, in June, 1861 ;
Lieutenant Colonel, and Aid-de-Camp in 1862 ; Lieu-
tenant-Colonel of New York Cavalry in September,
1861, and was at the Battle of Manassas ; Colonel of
Second New York Cavalry in 1862 ; Commander of
Cavalry in 1863 ; and was bre vetted Major after the
action at Aldie. Was Commander of Cavalry in the
Army of the Potomac, and in the Army of the Cum-
berland, and was wounded at Resaca in 1864 ; se-
verely wounded, and brevetted Colonel in the
*' March to the Sea." Captain of the Eighteenth
Artillery in 1864 ; brevet Major General for the cap- 1
ture of Fayetteville, North Carolina, in March, 1865 ;
Major-General United States Army for campaign in
the Carolinas ; and Major-General of Volunteers in
June, 1865. Was Minister to Chili from 1865 to 1870.
Kilty f William, — He settled in the City of
Washington in 1800, and in the following year was
appointed Chief Justice of the Circuit Court for the
District of Columbia.
Kimhallf Alanson ilf.— Bom in Buxton, York
County, Maine, March 12, 1827 ; received a common-
school and academic education ; removed to the
State of Wisconsin, and there became a member of
the Legislature in 1 863 and 1864 ; by occupation has
been a merchant, and in 1864 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from Wisconsin to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
Kincaidf John, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Kentucky from 1829 to 1833.
King, Adam, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1827 to 1833, and
died May 6, 1835.
King, Andrew, — He was born in Greenbrier
County, Virginia, March 20, 1812 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; studied law, and settled in
Missouri ; was elected to the State Senate in 1846 ;
to the House of Representatives in 1858 ; was
Judge of the Circuit Court from 1859 to 1864 ; and
elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the
Committee on Freedmen's Affairs.
King, Austin A, — He was born in Sullivan
County, Tennessee, September 20, 1801 ; received as
good an education as the country then afforded ;
16
studied law, and was licensed to practice on becom-
ing of age ; removed to Missouri in 1830 ; in 1834
was elected to the Missouri Legislature ; re-elected
to the same position in 1836 ; in 1837 he was ap-
pointed a Circuit Judge for Ray County, which posi-
tion he held until 1848, when he was elected Gover-
nor of Missouri, the term of that office expiring in
1853 ; in 1862 he was again placed upon the bench in
his old Circuit, and during that year was elected a
Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary.
Died in St. Louis, April 22, 1870.
King, Cyrus, — Born in Scarborough, Massachu-
setts, September 6, 1772 ; graduated at Columbia
College in 1794 ; was private Secretary to Rufus
King, his half brother, in 1796 ; studied law, and
practiced twenty years in Saco ; was a Major-General
of Militia ; and was a Representative in Congress
from Massachusetts from 1813 to 1817. Died April
25, 1817.
King, Daniel Putnam, — Born in Danvers,
Massachusetts, in 1800 ; graduated at Harvard in
1823. At first he contemplated the study of the law,
but soon abandoned it for the practice of agriculture.
In 1836 and 1837 he was a member of the Massachu-
setts Legislature ; in 1838 and 1839 a member of the
State Senate ; and in 1840 and 1841 President of that
body ; Speaker of the House in 1843, and during
that year he was elected a Representative in Con-
gress, and held that position until his death, which
occurred in Danvers, July 25, 1850.
King, Edward, — He was born in Philadelphia
in 1795 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1816 ;
was President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas
from 1825 to 1851. Died May 8, 1873.
King, George C — He was born in Rhode Isl-
and, and graduated at Brown University in 1825 ;
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1849 to 1853. Was Presidential Elector in 1849,
and died at Newport, July 17, 1870.
King, Henry, — Born in Hampden, Hampshire
County, Massachusetts. Studied law at Wilkes-
barre, Pennsylvania, and began the practice of it at
Allentown, in the same State, about the year 1815. .
He was a member of the Senate of Pennsylvania,
when he was elected a Representative in the Twenty-
second Congress ; and re-elected to the Twenty-third; ,
He separated from the Democratic party on the ques-
tion growing out of the removal of the government
deposits from the Bank of the United States. Re-
tiring from political life, he resumed the practice of
law. He died July 13, 1861, aged seventy-one years.
King, Horatio, — He was born in Paris, Oxford '
County, Maine, June 21, 1811, his grandfather and
three uncles having fought in the Revolution ; re-
ceived a good common-school education ; when quite
young he became identified as printer and publisher
with a newspaper called jLhe Jeffersonian, yvjiich was
finally merged in The Eastern Argus ; in 1839 he set-
tled in Washington City as a clerk in the Post-OfBce
Department, where he continued, and received vari-
ous promotions ; in 1850, he became connected with
the Foreign Mail Service, in which capacity he origi-
nated and perfected certain postal arrangements of
great importance ; in 1854 he was appointed First
Assistant Postmaster-General, and in January, 1861,
while acting as Postmaster-General, he was ques-
tioned by a member of Congress, fJ-om South Caro-
lina, in regard to the franking privilege ; when, by
his reply, he was the first officially to deny the power
of a State to take itself out of the Union. From
President Buchanan he received the appointment of
242
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Postmaster-General, serving from the 12th of Feb-
ruarj" until the 4th of March, 1861 ; and during the
existence of the Rebellion he was appointed one of a
Board of Commissioners to carry out the Emancipa-
tion Law for the District of Columbia ; and he also
served gratuitously as Treasurer of the Maine Sol-
diers' Relief Association.
Kinf/f tfa/ines, — He was born at Highwood,
New Jersey, in 1791 ; was taken to England by his
father when American Minister, and was educated
there, and graduated at Harvard College in 1810 ;
was an eminent merchant and banker in New York
city ; and a Representative in Congress from New
Jersey from 1849 to 1851. He died in Highwood,
New Jersey, October 3, 1853.
King, James G. — He was born in Everton,
near Liverpool, England, May 3, 1819 ; graduated at
Harvard College in 1839 ; studied law in New York,
and came to the bar in 1842 ; was appointed Judge of
the Supreme Court of the State in 1850, holding the
office two years ; and afterwards joined his father in
the banking business. Died in New York, June 11,
1867.
King, John, — He was born in 1775 ; served in
Congress as a Representative from New York from
1831 to 1833 ; and died at New Lebanon, New York,
September 1, 1836.
King, John A, — He was born in New York,
January 3, 1788 ; educated at Harrow, England ; and
was devoted somewhat to farming. He was a mem-
ber of the New York Assembly from 1819 to 1821 ;
and re-elected in 1832 and in 1840 from Queens
County ; and in 1823 he was elected to the State Sen-
ate, He was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1849 to 1851 ; and was also Gover-
nor of New York from 1856 to 1858. Rufus King,
the diplomatist, was his father, and James G. King,
of New Jersey, was his brother. He was also ap-
pointed Secretary of Legation at London in 1826, and,
on the return of his father, acted as Charge d' Af-
faires. In 1859 he was a Delegate to the " State
Convention " held at Saratoga ; and a Presidential
Elector in 1860. He was also a Delegate to the
"Peace Congress" of 1861; to the Philadelphia
"National Union Convention" of 1866; and to the
State " Constitutional Convention" of 1867, Died at
Jamaica, Long Island, July 7, 1867. He was devoted
to farming, and President of the State Agricultural
Society for many years.
King, John J*. — He was a Senator in Congress
from Georgia from 1833 to 1837.
King, John JV, — He was an Associate Justice of
the United States Court for the Territory of Wyo-
ming.
King, PerJcins, — He was born in New Marl-
borough, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, January
12, 1784 ; moved to Greene County, New York, in
1802,- and devoted himself to the legal profession ; in
1826 he was made Judge of Greene County, and held
the. position until 1850 ; served two terms in the State
Legislature ; was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1829 to 1831 ; and he died in Greene
County, November 29, 1875, having been the oldest
ex-Congressman in the State of New York.
King, JPresfon, — He was born in Ogdensburg,
St. Lawrence County, New York, October 14, 1806 ;
graduated at Union College ; studied law, and prac-
ticed the profession ; during the administration of
Andrew Jackson he established and edited the 8t.
Lawrence BepxdiUcan, and in 1834 was appointed Post-
master of Ogdensburg ; was a member of the New
York Legislature in 1835, 1836, 1837, and 1838 ; was
a Representative in Congress from New York from
1843 to 1847, and again from 1849 to 1853 ; in 1857 he
was elected a Senator in Congress, which position he
retained until 1863, serving as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Revolutionary Pensions. During his ser-
vice in the Senate he was Chairman of the National
Republican Committee ; was a Delegate to the " Bal-
timore Convention" in 1864, and a Presidential Elec-
tor in the same year ; and in the summer of 1865 he
was appointed by President Johnson Collector of the
Port of New York, He was drowned in the harbor of
New York, November 13, 1865, having, as it is sup-
posed, while in a fit of derangement, thrown himself
overboard from a ferry-boat. On the day that his
successor in the Custom House entered upon his du-
ties, in May, 1866, the body of the deceased was
picked up in the Hudson River, and was buried with
suitable honors.
King, Rufus, — He was born in Scarborough,
Maine, March 24, 1755 ; was educated at Dummer
Academy, in Newbury, Massachusetts ; graduated at
Harvard College in 1777 ; in 1778 he was Aid-de-
camp to Sullivan in his expedition against the British
in Rhode Island ; he studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1780 ;
he was elected from that town to the State Legisla-
ture ; in 1784 was elected a Delegate to Congress at
Trenton ; was a member of the State Convention of
Massachusetts, held in 1787 ; he was a member of the
Convention which formed the Federal Constitution,
and signed that instrument ; removing to New York
city in 1778, he was in 1789 elected a Senator in Con-
gress, and served his entire term, and was re-elected
to the same position in 1813, remaining in that ca-
pacity until 1825. At the close of his first term in the
Senate he was appointed by President Washington
Minister to England, where he remained through the
whole of President Adams's term, and during two
years of President Jefferson's term. In 1825 Presi-
dent John Quincy Adams again appointed him Minis-
ter to England, but bad health prevented him from
entering upon his duties ; and, returning home, he
died at Jamaica, Long Island, April 29, 1827. As a
statesman, diplomatist, and political writer, he dis-
played great abilities, and he was the author of many
of the papers written on the British Treaty, in 1794,
over the signature of "Camilius." As a man, he was
universally respected and beloved.
King, JRufus, — Born in New York city, Janu-
ary 26; 1814 ; graduated at West Point in 1833 ; after
serving in the Engineer Corps and assisting in the
building of Fortress Monroe, he resigned his commis-
sion and became an engineer on the Erie Railway ;
was for a time connected with the Albar/y Evening
Journal; edited the J^eto York Daily Advertiser ;
was appointed Adjutant-General of the State militia ;
removed to Wisconsin and edited the Milmaiikee
Sentinel until 1861 ; was appointed Minister to Rome,
but relinquished the position so that he might enter
the army ; commanded a division at Fredericksburg,
Groveton, Manassas, Yorktown and Fairfax; and hav-
ing resigned in 1863 was re-appointed to Rome, where
he remained until 1867. He was the son of Charles
King, of Columbia College, and grandson of Rufus
King, the Senator.
King, JRufus H, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1855 to 1857. He was subsequently President
of the New York State National Bank at Albany, and
also of the Albany Insurance Company. A gentle-
man bearing the same name was appointed Minister
to Rome.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
243
Kinf/f Sfimiiel JV. — He was elected Lieutenant-
Governor of Kliode Island in 1839, and soon became
the acting- Governor ; and from 1840 to 1843 lie was
Governor of the State by election.
King, T, Hiitler, — He was born in Hampden,
Hampshire County, Massachusetts, August 27, 1804 ;
was educated at Westfield Academy ; studied law,
and removed to Georgia in 1823, where he devoted
himself to planting. In the years 1832, 1834, 1835,
and 1837, he was a member of the State Senate ; and
he was a Representative in Congress from Georgia
from 1839 to 1813, and again from 1845 to 1847, and
for another term ending with 1849, serving much of
the time on the Committee on Naval Affairs, in which
he took special interest. He was also a member in
1833 of the " Milledgeville Convention," in 1836 of
the " Macon Railroad Convention," and in 1840 of the
"Young Men's Convention" at Baltimore; besides
serving as the President of various canal and rail-
road companies. He subsequently became a resident
of California, but returned to Georgia, and was elect-
ed in 1859 a Senator in the State Legislature, He
was for two years Collector of the Port of San Fran-
cisco ; was identified with the great Rebellion as Com-
missioner to Europe; and died in Georgia, May 10,
1864
Kinfff William, — Born at Scarborough, Maine,
February 9, 1768 ; removed to Topsham, and then to
Bath in 1800 ; he was a member of the Massachusetts
Legislature for some years, took a prominent part in
the Religious Freedom Act, and was the originator of
the Betterment Act. He advocated the separation of
Maine and Massachusetts, which was effected in
1819 ; was President of the Convention which framed
the Constitution of Maine, and was its first Governor
in 1820 and 1821 ; United States Commissioner for the
Adjustment of Spanish Claims from 1821 to 1824;
was General of Militia and Collector of Customs at
Bath from 1831 to 1834, Died at Bath, Maine, June
17, 1852.
King, Williarn M, — Born in North Carolina,
April 7, 1786 ; received a good education ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1806 ; was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from his native State from
1811 to 1816 ; he resigned that position and accom-
panied William Pinckney to Europe as Secretary of
Legation ; and, on his return from Europe, settled in
the Territory of Alabama, and devoted himself to
planting. He was a member of the Convention
which formed the State Constitution of Alabama ; in
1819 lie was elected a Senator in Congress from Ala-
bama, where he continued until 1844, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, Com-
merce, and other important committees ; in that year
he was appointed Minister to France, and continued
there two years ; in 1846 he was again elected to the
United States Senate, where he remained until elected
Vice-President of the United States in 1852. During
the Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth,
Thirty-first, and Thirty-second Congresses, he otfi-
ciated as President pro tern, of the Senate, and as a
presiding officer, as well as a man, commanded uni-
versal respect. At the time of his election as Vice-
President his health was feeble, and, when the time
arrived for taking the constitutional oath of that of-
fice, he was in Cuba, and the oath was administered
by the American Consul there. He returned to his
plantation at Cahawba, Alabama, April 17, 1853, and
died the following day.
King, William S, — Born in Malone, New York,
December 16, 1828 ; received a common-school educa-
tion, and worked on a farm until his eighteenth year,
and then engaged in the insurance business. In
1852 he began the publication at Cooperstown of a
Freesoil paper called The True Democrat ; in 1858
he removed to Minneapolis, in Minnesota, and estab-
lished The State Atlas; was subsequently elected
Postmaster of the National House of Representa-
tives for the Thirty-seventh, Thirty-eighth, Fortieth,
Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses ; and in 1874
he was elected a Representative from Minnesota to
the Forty-fourth Congress. In the latter year also,
he attracted much public attention on account of his
connection with the Pacific Mail subsidy.
King, Yelverton P, — Born in Greene County,
Georgia, in 1794 ; studied law and admitted to the
Ocmulgee bar ; in 1830 he was made State Superin-
tendent of Public Lands ; was frequently elected to
the State Legislature ; was a Presidential Elector in
1848 ; in 1850 he was appointed by President Fill-
more Minister to New Granada, which he resigned
at the end of two years, on account of his health ;
and was a member of the Georgia Constitutional
Convention in 1865. Died in Greene County, August
5, 1868.
Kingsbury f William W. — Born in Towanda,
Bradford County, Pennslyvania, June 4, 1828, He
was self-educated ; he was bred a farmer, emigrated
to Minnesota, and in the year 1855 was first elected a
member of the Minnesota Legislature, and again in
1856 ; in 1857 was Delegate to the Convention for
framing a Constitution for Minnesota, and elected a
Delegate to the Thirty-fifth Congress.
Kinlochf Francis, — He was a Delegate from
South Carolina to the Continental Congress, from
1780 to 1781.
Kinnardf George X.— He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Indiana from 1833 to 1837,
and died at Cincinnati, November 26, 1838, from in-
juries received on the 16tli of that month on board
the steamboat Flora, which exploded near that
city.
Kinney, tTohn Fitch, — Born in New Haven, Os-
wego County, New York, April 2, 1816 ; received an
academical education, studied law, settled in Marvs-
ville, Ohio, and was admitted to practice at " Court
and Banc" in 1837. In 1839 he removed to Mount
Vernon, Ohio, where he practiced law until 1844,
when he removed to Lee County, Iowa ; held the
office of Secretary of the Legislative Council for the
Territory, and also that of I)istrict-Attorney. Upon
the admission of Iowa as a State, he was appointed
one of the Judges of the Supreme Court, holding the
office two years, when he was elected to the same by
the Legislature for six years. In 1853 he was ap-
pointed by President Pierce Chief Justice of the Su-
preme Court of Utah, and went to that Territory in
1854 ; in 1857 removed to Nebraska Territory, and
settled in the practice of law ; in 1860, by President
Buchanan he was again appointed Chief Justice of
Utah, holding that office until 1863, when he was
elected by a unanimous vote a Delegate from Utah to
the Thirty-eighth Congress.
Kinney, William JB, — He was a citizen of New
Jersey ; connected with the press of that State ; and
in 1850 was appointed Charge d'affairs to Sardinia,
where he remained until 1853.
Kinsella, Thomas, — He was born in Ireland
in 1832 ; received a common-school-education ; stud-
ied the art of printing, graduating as editor of The
Brooklyn Eagle ; has held the local offices in Brook-
lyn of Water Commissioner and member of the Board
of Education ; was nominated as Postmaster of that
city in 1866, and again in 1867 by President Johnson,
but rejected by the Senate, and was elected to the
244
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Forty-second Congress from New York, serving on
tlie Committee on Public Expenditures.
Kinsepf Charles, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New Jersey from 1817 to 1819, and
from 1820 to 1821.
Kinsej/y James, — He was a Delegate from New
Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1774 to
1775, when he resigned his seat. He was active in
the cause of the Revolution, and was a member of
the Committee of Correspondence for Burlington
County. In 1789 he was appointed Chief Justice of
New Jersey. He died at Burlington, January 4,
1802, aged seventy years.
Kinsley f Martin, — He was born in Bridgewa-
ter, Massachusetts, June 2, 1754 ; graduated at Har-
vard University in 1778, and studied medicine ; per-
formed some service in the Revolutionary War, and
was chosen a Delegate to the Convention for forming
the Constitution of his native State ; served in the
Legislature of Massachusetts about thirty years ; he
was also at different periods a member of the State
Council ; a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ;
Judge of Probate ; and a Representative in Con-
gress from Massachusetts from 1819 to 1821. He
died June 20, 1835.
JKirby^ Ephraim, — Born in Litchfield, Con-
necticut, February 23, 1757 ; was a patriot of the
Revolution, serving at the Battle of Bunker Hill,
and remained in active service until the Declaration
of Independence ; he received thirteen wounds, seven
of which were saber cuts on the head inflicted by a
British soldier at Germantown, where he was left on
the field for dead. At the close of the Revolution he
contrived to obtain a classical education, and Yale
College gave him the degree of M. A. ; he studied
law, and was admitted to the bar. In 1789 he pub-
lished a volume of " Reports of the Decisions of the
Superior Court and Court of Errors," which was the
first of such a character published in Connecticut,
and probably in the United States. From 1791 to
1804 he was a Representative in the Legislature ; in
1801 was appointed by Jefferson Supervisor of the
Revenue ; and after the acquisition of Louisiana was
appointed a Judge of the newly-organized Territory
of Orleans. Died at Fort Stoddard, Mississippi,
October 2, 1804.
Kirkf Robert C, — He was a citizen of Ohio, and
in 1862 he was appointed Minister Resident to the
Argentine Confederation, remaining at Buenos Ayres
until 1866 ; in 1869 he was re-commissioned Minister
Resident, and also accredited to Uruguay, and he
returned to the United States in 1871.
Kirher, Thomas, — He was acting Governor of
Ohio in 1807.
Kirklandf Joseph, — He was born in Old Nor-
wich, Connecticut, in 1771 ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1790 ; removed to Utica, New York, and was
the first Mayor of that city ; served frequently in
the State Legislature ; and was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1821 to 1823. He
died at Utica, January 26, 1844.
Kirhjf>atrickf Andrew, — Born in Minebrook,
New Jersey, February 17, 1756 ; graduated at New
Jersey College in 1775 ; he studied theology with his
father, a Scotch Presbyterian, who came to New
Jersey in 1736 ; afterwards studied law in the oflSce
of Judge Patterson ; was admitted to the bar in 1785,
practiced in Mprristown and New Brunswick ; was a
member of the Assembly in 1797 ; appointed a Judge
of the Supreme .Court of the State January 17, 1797 ;
and was Chief Justice from 1803 to 1824. His decis-
ions are in the Reports of Pennington, Southard, and
Halstead. Died in New Brunswick, January 7, 1831.
KirJcpatricJc, Littleton, — Born in New Bruns-
wick, New Jersey ; graduated at Princeton College
in 1815 ; adopted the profession of law ; and was a
Representative in Congress from New Jersey from
1843 to 1845. He was also for five years Surrogate
of the County of Middlesex. Died August 15, 1859.
KirkpatricJCf William, — He was born in Am-
well, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, in November,
1768 ; was educated at Princeton College, graduating
in 1788 ; studied medicine, and was admitted to
practice in 1795 ; in 1806 he removed to Salina, New
York, and became Superintendent of the Salt Springs;
was a Representative in Congress from 1807 to 1809
from New York ; and died of cholera at Salina, Sep-
tember 2, 1832.
KirTiWOod, Sainuel J, — He was born in Har-
ford County, Maryland, December 20, 1813, and re-
ceived an academical education in Washington City.
In 1835 he removed to Ohio, where he studied law
and came to the bar in 1843 ; for four years he was
Prosecuting Attorney of Richland County ; was a
member of the State " Constitutional Convention " of
1850 ; removed to Iowa in 1855 ; was elected to the
Senate of that State in 1856 ; was Governor of Iowa
from the beginning of 1860 to the beginning of 1864;
in January, 1866, was elected a Senator in Con-
gress from Iowa for the unexpired term of James
Harlan, ending in March, 1867, and serving on the
Committees on Pensions and Public Lands. Li 1875
he was again elected Governor of Iowa. In January,
1876, he was re-elected to the Senate for the term
commencing in 1877 and ending in 1883.
JLirtland, Dorrance, — He was born in New
York ; graduated at Yale College in 1789 ; and was a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1817
to 1819.
Kitchellf Aaron, — Born in Morris County, New
Jersey ; was a warm supporter of the Revolution ; a
Representative in Congress from New Jersey from
1791 to 1793, from 1794 to 1797, and from 1799 to
1801 ; and a Senator in Congress from 1805 to 1809,
when he resigned. He was also a member of the
State Legislature.
Kitchen, Sethuel M, — He was born in Berke-
ley County, West Virginia, March 21, 1812 ; received
a common-school education, and adopted the occu-
pation of a farmer ; in 1861 and 1862 he was elected
to the Legislature of Virginia ; in 1863 a Representa-
tive from that State to the Thirty-eighth Congress,
but was not admitted to his seat ; in 1864 he was
elected to the Senate of West Virginia, and in 1866 a
Representative from West Virginia to the Fortieth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture
and Expenses in the Treasury Department.
Kittera, John W, — He was a graduate of
Princeton College in 1776 ; and a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1791 to 1801, when
he was appointed United States District Attorney for
the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
Kittera, Thomas, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1826 to 1827.
Kittredge, George fV, — He was born in New
Hampshire ; a physician by profession ; a member of
the Legislature for three years, in 1847, 1851, and
1852, officiating as Speaker in 1852 ; and was a Rep-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
245
resentative in Congress from that State from 1853 to
1855.
Kling en smith, JoJirif *Tr, — He was born in
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1835 to 1839.
Knapp, Anthony L, — Born in Middletown,
Delaware County, New York, June 14, 1828 ; removed
with his father to Illinois in 1839 ; studied law, and
admitted to the bar in 1849, settling in the town of
Jerseyville ; in 1858 he was elected to the Senate of
Illinois, attending the sessions of 1859 and 1861 ; and
in the latter year he was elected a Representative
from Illinois to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving
on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. In
1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Private Land
Claims.
Knappf Charles. — Born in Colchester, Dela-
ware County, New York, in 1797 ; was bred a farmer ;
was chiefly educated at home, but taught school for
a time ; entered upon mercantile pursuits in 1825 ;
was a member of the State Legislature in 1841 ;
settled in the town of Deposit in 1848 ; organized the
Deposit Bank in 1854, which became a National Bank
in 1864, of which he was President ; and in 1868 he
was elected a Representative from New York to the
Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on
Private Land Claims, Public Expenditures, and Revo-
lutionary Pensions.
JKnapp, Chauncey L, — He was born in Berlin,
Vermont, February 26, 1809. He commenced active
business life by serving an apprenticeship of seven
years in a printing-office in Montpelier ; was elected
Reporter for the Legislature in 1833 ; was co-pro-
prietor and editor for some years of the State Jour-
nal ; was elected Secretary of State in 1836, in which
capacity he served four years ; removing to Mas-
sachusetts he was elected Secretary of the Massa-
chusetts Senate in 1851 ; was elected a Represent-
ative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, re-elected to
the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of
the Committee on Territories. To him was awarded
the credit, while editing the Journal, of first nomi-
nating General Harrison for the Presidency, which
resulted in his obtaining the electoral votes of Ver-
mont four years before he was really elected. Mr.
Knapp's tastes have led him to the study of me-
chanics, and in all his public positions he has paid
particular attention to the mechanical interests of his
constituents.
KnapPf tfoseph G, — He was a citizen of Wis-
consin, from which State he was appointed an Asso-
ciate Justice of the United States Court for the Ter-
ritory of New Mexico, residing at Santa Fe.
Knappf Robert M, — He was elected a Repre-
sentative from Illinois to the Forty-third Congress ;
serving on the Committee on the Revision of Laws.
KnicJcerbocJ^erf Herman. — He was born in
New York in 1780, and was a descendant, in the
third generation, of one of the original emigrants to
New York. He early engaged in politic;?, and was a
member of Congress from 1809 to 1811, as a Federal-
ist ; but during President Jackson's administration
he became a Democrat. He died in Williamsburg,
New York, January 30, 1855. This was the person to
whom Irving playfully alluded in the preface to his
"Knickerbocker" as "my cousin the Congress-
man."
Knight, Jonathan.-
Pennsylvania, November 2S
-Born in Bucks County,
1787, and removed with
his parents, in 1801, to East Bethlehem, Washington
County. He was chiefly self-educated, and became a
school-teacher and surveyor of lands. In 1816 he
was appointed by the State Government to make and
report a map of his county. He served three years
as County Commissioner, and was appointed, in 1827,
a Commissioner to extend the National Road between
Cumberland and Wheeling through Ohio and In-
diana to the eastern line of Illinois. In 1822 he was
elected to the Legislature, and served six years. In
1828 he visited England to acquire a thorough knowl-
edge of civil engineering, and on his return was ap-
pointed Chief Engineer on the Baltimore and Ohio
Road. He was elected in 1854 a Representative in
the Thirty-fourth Congress from Pennsylvania ; after
that time he was engaged in agriculture. He died in
Washington County, November 22, 1858.
Knight, N ehemiah. — He was a native of Rhode
Island ; a farmer by occupation ; a prominent politi-
cian of the Federal school, and a Representative in
Congress from 1803 to 1808.
Knight, Keheiniah 2?. — Bom in Cranston,
Rhode Island, December 31, 1780 ; was chiefly self-
educated ; at the age of twenty-two was elected to the
State Legislature ; in 1805 he was elected Clerk of
the Court of Common Pleas in Providence ; in 1812
he was chosen Clerk of the Circuit Court, and served
until 1817 ; he was also for many years President of
the Roger Williams Bank ; he was elected Governor
of Rhode Island in 1817, and re-elected in 1819 and
1820 ; he was appointed, by President Madison, dur-
ing the war with England, Collector of Providence ;
and he was a Senator in Congress from 1821 to 1841 ;
he was a member in 1843 of the " State Constitutional
Convention," after which he retired to private life ;
he died at Providence, Rhode Island, April 19, 1854.
He was a man of sterling character and a true patriot.
Knotty jr. Proctor. — He was born in Marion
County, Kentucky, August 29, 1830 ; received a good
education ; studied law, and removed to Missouri in
1850 ; he was elected to the State Legislature in 1858
but resigned in 1859 ; in 1860 he was elected Attorney-
General of the State; was a Delegate to the "Mis-
souri Convention " of 1861 ; returned to his native
State in 1862 ; and in 1867 was elected a Representa-
tive from Kentucky to the Fortieth Congress, serving
on the Committee on Mines and Mining. Re-elected
to the Forty-first and Forty-fourth Congresses, serv-
ing on Important Committees ; appointed, January,
1876, Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary.
Knowles, Hiram. — He was born in Maine ; re-
moved to Iowa, from which State he was appointed in
1872 an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court for
the Territory of Montana.
Knotvles, John I*. — He was born in Rhode Isl-
and ; was a resident of Providence ; and in 1870 he
was appointed United States Judge for the District of
Rhode Island.
Knoif'lton, Ebenezer. — He was born in New
Hampshire ; was educated for the ministry ; was
elected to the Maine Legislature in 1844, 1846, and
1848, serving during his second year as Speaker ; and
was a Representative in Congress from Maine from
1855 to 1857.
Knoao, Henry. — Born in Boston, July 25, 1750,
and received his education at the schools in that town.
Before the Revolution he was made a Captain of an In-
dependent Company of Militia in Boston, and having
had some experience at the commencement of hostili-
ties, he was placed at the head of the Artillery. In
1776 the corps was increased to three regiments, and
246
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General.
He was actively engaged during the whole contest,
and after the capture of Cornwallis in 1781, he received
the commission of Major-General. In March, 1785,
he was appointed Secretary of War, and after the
adoption of the Constitution Washington appointed
him to the same office. In 1794 he resigned the office
and retired to private life, at which time Washington
assured him of his friendship, and declared him to
have "deserved well of his country." He settled at
Thomaston, Maine, where he died October 25, 1806.
KnooOf James, — Born in Canajoharie, Montgom-
ery County, New York, July 4, 1807 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1830; studied law at Utica, New York,
and was admitted to the bar in 1833 ; in 1836 he loca-
ted at Knoxville, Illinois, where he has since resided,
giving his attention chiefly to mercantile and agricul-
tural pursuits; in 1847 he was a member of the " Con-
stitutional Convention" of Illinois, and in 1852 was
elected a Representative in the Thirty-third Congress,
and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth. He subsequently
became blind and visited Europe with a view of re-
covering his sight. He manifested his love for learn-
ing by giving ten thousand dollars to Yale College,
and the same amount to Hamilton College, for a
school of Natural History, in connection with that in-
stitution.
Knox, John Jay, — Born in Knoxboro, Oneida
County, New York, March 19, 1828 ; graduated at
Hamilton College in 1849 ; from that year until 1862
he was a private banker or an officer of a bank ; in
1867 he was appointed Deputy Comptroller of the
Currency ; he had charge of the Mint Coinage Cor-
respondence of the Treasury Department ; and in
1870 his report on the mint service, together with a
codification of the mint and coinage laws of the United
States, with many important amendments, was sub-
mitted to Congress by the Secretary of the Treasury.
The bill which he proposed was subsequently passed
with a few modifications and is known as " The Coin-
age Act of 1873." In 1872 he was appointed Comp-
troller of the Currency, and is still in office.
Knox, Samuel, — He was elected a Representa-
tive from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth Congress,
having successfully contested the seat occupied by
F. B. Blair, Jr. , and taking his own seat near the close
of the first session.
KoerneVf Gustavius, — He was a citizen of Illi-
nois, and in 1862 he Avas appointed Minister Plenipo-
tentiary to Spain where he remained until 1864.
KoontZf William H. — He was born in Somerset,
Pennsylvania, July 15, 1830 ; received a common-
school education ; adopted the profession of law ; was
District Attorney for Somerset County for three years
from 1853 ; was Prothonotary and Clerk of the Courts
of said County for three years from 1860 ; and was
elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, having successfully contested
the seat of A. H. Coffroth, and serving on the Com-
mittee on the District of Columbia ; he was also a
Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention"
of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on the Committees for the District of Colum-
bia and Expenditures in the Interior Department.
KrebSf Jacob, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1826 to 1827.
Krekelf Jirnold, — He was born in Germany,
March 12, 1815 ; came to this country in 1832 ; was
educated in the common schools of Germany and at
St. Charles College, Missouri ; studied law, and came
to the bar in 1844 ; was elected to the State Legisla-
ture in 1852 ; was President of the Convention which
formed the present Constitution of Missouri in 1865 ;
and in that year he was appointed United States Dis-
trict Judge for the Western District of Missouri, re-
siding in JeU erson City.
Kreiner, George, — Born in Dauphin County,
Pennsylvania, in 1775, and died in Union County,
Pennsylvania, September 11, 1854. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1828
to 1829. He was noted in Congress as having replied
in German to some sarcastic remarks by John Ran-
dolph, thereby turning the argument in his favor.
KiihnSf Joseph H, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1851 to 1853.
Kunkelf Jacob M, — Was born in Frederick,
Maryland, July 23, 1822 ; graduated at the University
of Virginia in 1843 ; studied law, and commenced
practice in 1846 ; and in 1850 was elected to the Mary-
land Senate for six years, but the change in the State
Constitution cut short his term. He was elected a
Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-fifth
Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on
Revolutionary Claims and Expenditures in the Treas-
ury Department. Also elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Accounts ;
and was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists'
Convention " of 1866.
Kunhelf John C, — Born in Pennsylvania ; a
lawyer by profession ; and a member of the Thirty-
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses from his native
State, and a member of the Committee on Claims.
Kurtz, William H, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1851 to 1855.
KuyTiendall, Andrew Z, — He was born in
Gallatin County, Illinois, March 8, 1815 ; was chiefly
self-educated ; studied, adopted, and practiced the
profession of law. From 1842 to 1846 he was a mem-
ber of the Illinois Legislature, and in the State
Senate from 1850 to 1862. As a volunteer, he entered
the Thirty-first Regiment of Illinois Infantry in 1861,
was elected Major, and served until 1862, when he
resigned on account of his health ; and in 1864 he
was elected a Representative from Illinois to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
the Post-Office and Post-Roads, and on Mileage. He
was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National
Union Convention " of 1866.
Ijablanche, Alcee, — He was born in Louisiana,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1843 to 1845. In 1837 he was appointed
by President Van Buren Charge d' Affaires to Texas,
where he remained until 1840.
Lacock, Abner, — Born in Virginia in 1770.
Without the advantage of much early education he
raised himself by his talents to eminence as a legis-
lator, statesman, and civilian. He filled various
public stations for a period of nearly forty years ;
was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania
from 1811 to 1813, and United States Senator from
1813 to 1819. He died in Beaver County, Pennsyl-
vania, April 12, 1837.
Lacy, Thomas J, — He was an early emigrant
to Arkansas, and in 1834 he was appointed a Judge
for that Territory.
La Dow, George A, — Born in Cayuga County,
New York, March 18, 1828 ; removed with his par-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
247
ents from Syracuse to McHenry County, Illinois ; re-
ceived a common-school education ; commenced the
study of law at the age of sixteen, and admitted to
the Supreme Court in 1850 ; removed to Wisconsin
in 1851 and practiced his profession ten years ; in
1851 was elected District Attorney, and held the
office two years. Removed to Minnesota in 1862 and
practiced there ; in 1867 was elected to the House of
Representatives of that State ; re-nominated the fol-
lowing year, but declined, and settled in Oregon in
1869 ; declined the nomination for State Senator in
1870 ; in 1872 was elected to the House of Repre-
sentatives of Oregon, and held the office till 1874,
when he was elected a Representative to the Forty-
fourth Congress. Died in Oregon in May, 1875.
Laflin^ Addison H, — He was born in Lee,
Berkshire County, Massachusetts, October 24, 1823 ;
graduated at Williams College in 1843 ; and having
removed to Herkimer County, New York, became
extensively engaged in the business of manufacturing
paper. In 1837 he was elected to the Senate of New
York ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative
from that State to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving
as Chairman of the Committee on Printing. Re-
elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses,
and was again placed at the head of the Committee
on Printing, and was a member of that on Manu-
factures. He was also a Delegate to the " State Re-
publican Convention " of 1867 ; and was subsequently
appointed, in 1871, Naval Officer for the city of New
York.
Lahm, Samuel, — Born in Leitersburg, Mary-
land, April 22, 1812. His education was limited, yet
his first earnings were the result of teaching school.
In March, 1835, he removed to Indiana and studied
law, and then settled in Ohio. In 1837 he was elected
Master in Chancery ; in 1842 a State Senator ; at
various times to high positions in the Militia ; and to
Congress, as a Representative, in 1847, where he re-
mained until 1849.
Lahe, William A, — He was born in Maryland ;
graduated at Washington College in Pennsylvania ;
studied law ; served in the Legislature of Maryland ;
removed to Mississippi ; practiced his profession there
with success ; was elected to the Senate of that State ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Missis-
sippi during the Thirty-fourth Congress.
Lamar, Henry G. — He was born in Georgia,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1829 to 1833.
Lamaf^f Lucius Q, C, — Born in Putnam Coun-
ty, Georgia, September 17, 1825 ; graduated at Emory
College in 1845 ; studied law at Macon, and admitted
to the bar in 1847 ; moved to Oxford, Mississippi, in
1849 ; was elected Professor of Mathematics in the
University of the State ; returned to Covington,
Georgia, and resumed the practice of law ; was
elected to the Legislature of Georgia in 1853 ; in 1854
moved again to Mississippi, and was elected to the
Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses ; resigned in
1860 to take a seat in the Secession Convention of his
State ; in 1861 entered the Confederate Army ; in 1863
was intrusted by President Davis with an important
diplomatic mission to Russia ; in 1860 was elected
Professor of Political Economy in the University of
Mississippi, and in 1867 was made Professor of Law ;
and was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving
on the Committees on Elections and Mississippi
Levees. Re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress,
and was Chairman of the Caucus which nominated
M. C. Kerr for the Speakership in 1875. In Decem-
ber, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Commit-
tee on the Pacific Railroad. In January, 1876, he was
elected a Senator in Congress from Mississippi for the
term beginning in 1877 and ending in 1883.
Lamarf Mirabeau S, — Born in Louisville,
Georgia, August 16, 1798 ; was for some years en-
gaged in mercantile and agricultural pursuits ; estab-
lished the Columbus Inquirer, a States' Rights jour-
nal, in 1828 ; removed to Texas in 1835. Commanded
a cavalry company at the battle of San Jacinto, and
rendered effective service. In 1836 was elected first
Vice-President of Texas, having for some months
previous held the rank of Major-General. From 1838
to 1841 was President of Texas. In 1846 he joined
General Taylor at Matamoras, and was in the battle of
Monterey ; was afterwards engaged in checking the
incursions of the Camanches. He was United States
Minister to Nicaragua and Costa Rica in 1858. Died
in Richmond, Texas, December 19, 1859. He was the
author of a volume of poems entitled " Verse Memo-
rials," published in New York in 1857.
Lambf Alfred TV, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from Missouri
from 1847 to 1849.
Lambert f John, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New Jersey from 1805 to 1809 ; and
from 1809 to 1815 he was a member of the United
States Senate. During the years 1802 and 1803 he
performed the duties of Governor of New Jersey ;
served many years in the Legislature of that State ;
and died in February, 1823, aged seventy-five years,
Lamison, Charles 'N, — Was born in Columbia
County, Pennsylvania, in 1820 ; became a student at
law when seventeen years of age ; was admitted to
practice in Ohio ; was Prosecuting Attorney for Allen
County, Ohio, one year by appointment, and four
years by elections ; raised a company in 1861 and en-
tered the army as Captain in the Twentieth Volun-
teers, of which regiment he was afterwards elected
Major, and served under Generals McClellan, Hill,
and Rosecrans in West Virginia ; was afterwards
Major of the Eighty-first Volunteer Infantry, and re-
signed because of ill-health in 1862 ; and elected to
the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving
on the Committees on the State Department and Naval
Affairs.
Lamontf George L>, — He was born in Western
New York, in 1823 ; received a good education ;
adopted the profession of law, and located himself at
Lockport ; in 1862 he was appointed United States
Judge for the Provisional Court of Louisiana, where
he acquitted himself, under trjdng circumstances,
with ability, and remained until 1865 ; subsequently
returned to Lockport, and in 1871 was elected a Judge
of the Supreme Court of New York for fourteen
years, and died at Lockport, January 15, 1876.
Ldm^portf William H, — He was born in Pitts-
town, New York, May 27, 1811 ; received a district-
school education ; was elected Supervisor of Gorham
in 1848 and 1849 ; Sheriff of Ontario County in 1851 ;
elected to the Assembly of New York in 1854 ; was
Trustee of the village of Canandaigua in 1866 and 1867,
and President ; and was elected to the Forty-second
and Forty- third Congresses, serving on the Committee
on Agriculture.
Lancaster f Columbia, — He was a Delegate to
Congress from the Territory of Washington during
the years 1854 and 1855.
Lander, JEdtvard. — He was appointed in 1853
Chief Justice of the United States Court for the Ten
ritory of Washington, residing at Puget's Sound.
248
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Landers f Franklin, — Born in Morgan County,
Indiana, March 22, 1825 ; received a common-school
education during the winter, and worked on his
father's farm during the summer ; and at the age of
twenty-one he taught school in the winter and worked
by the month in summer ; having saved three hun-
dred dollars, he engaged in mercantile business in
1847 ; continued in that employment for six years, and
then purchased a tract of land and located the town of
Brooklyn ; removed to that place and resumed farm-
ing and mercantile pursuits for twelve years ; estab-
lished five churches of various denominations on his
lands, and contributed largely to their support ; in all
deeds of lots he had a temperance clause preventing
the sale of intoxicating liquors ; he then engaged in
the wholesale dry-goods business in Indianapolis, and
also in the pork -packing trade. In 1860 was elected
State Senator ; in 1864 he declined a nomination for
Congress ; was on the electoral ticket for McClellan,
and in 1874 was elected a Representative to the For-
ty-fourth Congress from Indiana.
LanderSf G, W, — Born in Lenox, Massachu-
setts, February 22, 1813 ; removed to New Britain,
Connecticut, in 1829, where he has since resided ;
was a Representative in the State Legislature in 1851,
1867, and 1874 ; was State Senator in 1853, 1869, and
1873; was appointed Bank Commissioner for Con-
necticut in 1875 ; and was elected a Representative to
the Fqrty-fourth Congress.
Landrunif John M, — He was born in Edge-
field District, South Carolina, July 3, 1815 ; obtained
the greater part of his education after he became of
age by his own exertions ; graduated at the South
Carolina College in 1842 ; taught school, and studied
law at the same time ; in 1845 removed to Louisiana,
and settled at Shreveport ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative from Louisiana to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committee on Expenses
in the Post-Olfice Department. Resigned in Febru-
ary, 1861.
Landry ^ J, Aristide. — He was born in Louis-
iana, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1851 to 1853.
Landi/f Jaines. — He was born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, October 13, 1813 ; received his educa-
tion in his native city ; devoted himself for a time to
the occupation of a builder ; studied law, but aban-
doned the profession and turned his attention to mer-
cantile pursuits. He devoted much of his attention
to the Public School System of Philadelphia, and held
the positions of Commissioner and President of the
Board of School Commissioners. In 1856 he was
elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress
from Pennsylvania, and was a member of the Commit-
tee on Commerce. Died in Philadelphia, July 24,
1875.
Lane, Amos, — He was born in New York, but
emigrated to the Ohio river in 1804 ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Indiana from 1833 to
1839, having previously been a member of the State
Legislature, and served one session as Speaker. He
was a lawyer of the first ability, and filled a conspicu-
ous place in the history of Indiana. He died in Law-
renceburg, in that State, in 1850. He was the father
of J. H. Lane.
Laney Ebenezer, — He was born in Northampton,
Massachusetts, September 17, 1793 ; graduated at
Harvard University in 1811; studied law, and settled
in Elyria, Ohio ; in 1819 he removed to Norwalk in
the same State ; in 1824 he was elected President
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; in 1831, 1838
and 1845 he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court
of Ohio ; and from 1835 he was Chief Justice. He
subsequently resigned his judicial position, and en-
gaged in railroads in Chicago, arid was Vice-President
of the Illinois Central Railroad. During his long res-
idence in northwestern Ohio, he was a man of wide
influence, and did much to infuse a spirit of culture
and refinement among the people. In 1850 he re-
ceived from Harvard University the degree of Doctor
of Laws.
Lane, George W, — During the Rebellion he
was obliged to leave the State of Kentucky, where he
resided, on account of his Union sentiments ; was ap-
pointed a United States District Judge in Alabama ;
and died at Louisville, Kentucky, November 12, 1863.
Lane^ Henry S. — He was born in Montgomery
County, Kentucky, February 24, 1811 ; received a
good common-school education, and, under a tutor,
some knowledge of the classics ; studied law in Ken-
tucky, but removed to Indiana, and was admitted to
the bar in that State ; in 1837 he was elected to the
Indiana Legislature ; was a Representative in Con-
gress from Indiana from 1841 to 1843 ; served as a
Lieutenant-Colonel of Volunteers under General Tay-
lor, in the war with Mexico, in 1846 ; in 1859 he was
elected to the United States Senate to contest the seat
of J. D. Bright, but was denied the seat ; in 1861 he
was elected Governor of Indiana; but two days after
his inauguration he was again elected a Senator in
Congress, from Indiana, for the term ending in 1867,
serving on the Committees on Military Affairs, Pen-
sions, Patents and the Patent Office, Expenses iti the
Senate, and as Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled
Bills. He was one of the Senators designated by the
Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866.
He was also a delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyal-
alists' Convention " of 1866, and to the Chicago Con-
vention of 1868. His father was Colonel James H.
Lane.
Lane^ JTafnes Henry, — He was born in Law-
renceburg, Indiana, June 22, 1814; on reaching his
majority he was elected to the City Council of Law-
renceburg, and frequently re-elected ; in a subordinate
capacity he took part in the war with Mexico ; in 1849
he was Lieutenant-Governor of Indiana; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Indiana from 1853 to 1855;
settled in Kansas and took an active part in politics ;
he was President of the Topeka " Constitutional Con-
vention," and was elected by the people Major-Gen-
eral of the Free State troops ; in 1857 he was Presi-
dent of the Leavenworth " Constitutional Convention,"
and again chosen Major-General of the territorial
troops ; on the admission of Kansas into the Union he
was chosen a Senator in Congress, serving on the
Committees on Indian Affairs and Agriculture ; and
he was re elected for the term ending in 1871, serving
as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture, and a
member of that on Territories. During the early part
of the Rebellion he was commissioned by President
Lincoln a Brigadier- General of Volunteers ; and was
a member of the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864.
On July 1, 1866, while at Fort Leavenworth, on leave
of absence from the Senate on account of deranged
health, he shot himself with a pistol, and thus came
to his death. He was the son of Amos Lane.
Lane, Joseph,— Bom in Buncombe County,
North Carolina, December 14, 1801. In his fifteenth
year he became a clerk in a mercantile house in Indi-
ana, and in 1822 was chosen a member of the Legis-
lature of that State, serving in that capacity, with oc-
casional intervals, until 1846. He participated in the
war with Mexico, acquitting himself with credit at
Buena Vista and on other fields, and was appointed
by President Polk a Brigadier-General. In 1849 he
was appointed Governor of the Territory of Oregon,
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
249
without liis solicitation, and organized the govern-
ment ; and was elected a Delegate to Congress in
1851, where he was retained by his constituents until
the admission of Oregon as a State, when he took his
seat as a Senator in Congress in 1859, serving as such
until 1861. In 1860 he was nominated for Vice-Presi-
dent on the ticket with Mr. Breckinridge, but was de-
feated.
Jjane, La Fayette. — He was born in Vander-
burg County, Indiana, November 12, 1842 ; educated
in Washington City, and in Stamford, Connecticut ;
adopted the profession of law, and removed to Ore-
gon; elected to the Legislature of that State in 1864 ;
was defeated in 1866 as candidate for Secretary of
State, was a Code Commissioner for the State in 1874;
and was elected a Representative in 1875 to the Forty-
fourth Congress, in the place of G. A. La Dow, who
died in May of that year.
Lane, Samuel, — He was one of the first men
appointed Superintendent or Commissioner of Public
Buildings for the District of Columbia, but the date
of his appointment does not appear on the public
records.
Lang don 9 Chaiincey, — He graduated at Yale
College in 1787 ; was a Representative in Congress
from Vermont from 1815 to 1817, and died in 1830.
He also served seven years in the Legislature of the
State, and was a State Councilor for nine years.
Langdon, Jolin, — He was educated for mer-
cantile pursuits, and afterwards prosecuted business
on the sea, until the commencement of the contro-
versy with Great Britain. He was one of the party
which removed the powder and military stores from
Fort William and Mary, at New Castle, New Hamp-
shire, in 1774. In 1775 and 1776 he was chosen a
Delegate to Congress from New Hampshire. Com-
manding a company of volunteers, he served, for a
while, in Vermont and Rhode Island. In his own
State, he was in 1776 and 1777 Speaker of the
House, and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. In
1779 he was Continental Agent in New Hampshire,
and contracted for the building of several ships of
war. In 1783 he was again appointed a Delegate to
Congress ; was afterwards repeatedly a member of
the Legislature, and Speaker; and was a member of
the Convention that framed the Constitution, signing
his name to that instrument. In March, 1788, he
was chosen Governor of the State, and from 1789 to
1801 he was Senator of the United States, and Presi-
dent of the Senate 'pro tern, during the First Congress,
and part of the Second. He was one of those who
voted for locating the Seat of Government on the
Potomac. From 1805 to 1808, and again in 1810 and
1811, he was Governor of the State. He died in
Portsmouth, September 18, 1819, aged seventy-eight
years.
Langdon, Woodbury, — He was a Delegate
from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress in
1779 and 1780 ; was a Councilor from 1781 to 1784 ;
a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire in
1782, and from 1786 to 1790 ; and died January 13,
1805, aged sixty-five years.
Langtvorthyf Edtvard, — He was a Delegate
from Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1777
to 1779, and was one of the signers of the Articles of
Confederation.
Lan'}nan, tTames, — Born in Nor%vich, Connecti-
cut, June 14, 1769 ; graduated at Yale College in
1788 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1791, and settled as a lawyer in his native town ; he
was a member of the Convention which formed the
first Constitution of Connecticut in 1818 ; served two
years in the Lower House of the Legislature in 1817
and 1832, and one year as a State Senator in 1819 ;
and was for five years Attorney for the State for New
London County from 1814 to 1819, acquiring great
local distinction by his abilities. One of the most
famous trials that he conducted was that of the Rev.
Ammi Rogers, who was convicted of an infamous
crime against one of his parishioners, and was impris-
oned for two years, and who subsequently published
a book of nearly three hundred pages abusive of said
Attorney. He was elected a Senator in Congress, serv-
ing from 1819 to 1825, during one Congress as Chair-
man of the Committees on Post-Offices and Post-
Roads, and Contingent Expenses of the Senate, and
voted with the South on the Missouri Compromise ;
during the Seventeenth Congress he was at one time
member of four Committees, viz. , that of Commerce
and Manufactures, the Militia, District of Columbia,
and the Contingent Expenses of the Senate. He was
appointed by the Governor to a second term in the
Senate, during the recess of the Legislature and be-
fore the vacancy occurred, and, by a small majority,
the Senate decided that the appointment was without
authority of law. He was subsequently Judge of the
Supreme and Superior Courts of Connecticut for
three years, from 1826 to 1829, and from 1831 to 1834
he was Mayor of Norwich, where he died August 7,
1841. His son, Charles James Lanman, also a gradu-
ate of Yale College, was one of the earliest emigrant
lawyers from New England to the Territory of Michi-
gan, where he took part in founding a number of im-
portant towns, and was for many years Receiver of
Public Moneys ; and it is a matter of public record
that on visiting Washington, nearly thirty years after
retiring from office, he was officially informed that
there was a considerable amount of money standing
to his credit at the Treasury Department. He was
subsequently Mayor of Norwich in Connecticut, and
died in 1870, in the seventy- sixth year of his age.
The Senator had had another son who was a lawyer,
James H. Lanman, and who acquired some reputation
as an author.
Lansing, Gerit Y, — He was bom in Albany,
New York, in 1783 ; served four years in the Legisla-
ture of that State, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York from 1831 to 1837. He was for
many years Chancellor of the Board of Regents of the
University of New York ; and died at Albany, Janu-
ary 3, 1862.
Lansing f tfohn, — He was a Delegate from New
York to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1788 ;
and also a member of the Convention that formed the
Federal Constitution, which he opposed, and conse-
quently left the Convention, defining his position in a
published letter.
Lansing f William E, — Was born in the town
of Sullivan, Madison County, New York, in 1822 ;
studied law at Utica, and commenced the practice in
1845 ; in 1850 he was elected District Attorney of
Madison County ; in 1857, Clerk of the same county ;
and in 1860 he was elected a Representative from
New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as
a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Re-
elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con-
gresses, serving on the Committee on Claims.
Lapham, Elhridge Gerry, — Born at Farm-
ington, Ontario County, New York, October 18, 1814 ;
worked on a farm ; received a common-school educa-
tion, and completed his studies at the Canandaigua
Academy ; was Civil Engineer on the Michigan
Southern Railroad ; studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1844, and gained a successful practice : in
1867 was a member of the Constitutional Convention
250
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
of New York ; liad never been a candidate for any-
political office until elected a Representative to the
Forty-fourth Congress from New York.
JLaporte, John, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1833 to 1837.
Lamed f Samuel, — He was a citizen of Rhode
Island ; went to Chili in 1826 as Secretary of Lega-
tion ; in 1828 he was appointed Charge d'Aifaires to
Peru ; re-commissioned in 1830, and remained at that
post until 1837 and then returned to the United States.
Larnedf Simon, — He was a native of Massa-
chusetts ; served as Colonel of Militia ; was for a
time Sheriff of Berkshire County ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Massachusetts, for the unex-
pired term of T. J. Skinner ; and died in Pittsfield,
November 16, 1817, aged sixty-one years.
Larrabeef Charles H, — Born in Rome, Oneida
County, New York, November 9, 1820 ; when quite
young accompanied his father to Ohio, and was edu-
cated at Granville College ; after devoting some at-
tention to practical engineering he studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1841 at Pontotoc, Missis-
sippi ; in 1844 he settled in Chicago, Illinois, and
edited for a time the Democratic Advocate; served
one term as City Advocate for Chicago ; in 1847 he
settled in Wisconsin, and became a member of the
Convention to form a State Constitution ; in 1848 he
was elected a Circuit Judge, and, after serving ten
years, resigned, and was elected a Representative
from Wisconsin to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving
as a member of the Committee on Expenses in the
War Department. He subsequently entered the army
in the volunteer service, and had command, as
Colonel, of a Regiment from his State.
La Set'e, Eniile, — He was born in Louisiana,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1846 to 1847, and also for the two following
terms ending in 1851.
Lash, Israel G, — Born in Bethania, North Car-
olina, August 18, 1810 ; worked on a farm until he
became of age ; then followed the business of a
merchant and manufacturer ; became a banker in
1847, and was elected a Representative from North
Carolina to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committee on the Treasury Department. Re-elected
to the Forty -first Congress, serving on the Committees
on Banking and Currency, and the Treasury Depart-
ment.
Latham, George It, — Born in Prince William
County, Virginia, March 9, 1832 ; educated at country
schools and at home ; studied law, while teaching
school, and was admitted to the bar in 1859 ; edited a
campaign paper at Grafton, West Virginia, in 1860 ;
entered the army in 1861 as Captain, and was made
Colonel of the Second Virginia Infantry ; and he was
elected a Representative from West Virginia, to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
Printing, and Public Buildings and Grounds. In
February, 1867, he was appointed by President
Johnson Consul to Melbourne, Australia.
Latham f Milton S, — Was born in Columbus,
Ohio, May 23, 1827 ; graduated at Jefferson College,
Pennsylvania, in 1845 ; soon afterwards removed to
Alabama, where he studied law ; was appointed in
1848 Clerk of the Circuit Court for Russell County ;
removed to California in 1850, and was there appoint-
ed Clerk of the Recorder's Court in San Francisco ;
he was soon afterwards chosen District- Attorney for
the Counties of Saicramento and El Dorado, which he
held in 1851. In 1852 he was elected a Representa-
tive from California to the Thirty-seventh Congress,
declining a re-election ; he was appointed in 1855
by President Pierce Collector of San Francisco, which
office he held until 1857 ; having been elected Gover-
nor of California, three days after his inauguration,
in January, 1860, he was elected a Senator in Congress
from California, for six years, serving on the Com-
mittees on Military Affairs, and on Post-Offices and
Post-Roads. Was afterwards President of the Bank
of California at San Francisco.
Lathropf Samuel, — Born in Hampden County,
Massachusetts, in 1771 ; graduated at Yale College in
1792 ; studied law and attained a high position at the
bar ; was a Representative in Congress from Massa-
chusetts from 1818 to 1826. He was also a member
of the Massachusetts Senate for ten years, and Presi-
dent of that body in 1829 and 1830. He died in West
Springfield, July 11, 1846.
Latrohef Senjamin H, — He was born in
England, and emigrated to Richmond, Virginia, in
1796 ; he was educated as an architect and early won
great celebrity ; he removed to Philadelphia and
afterwards to Washington, and became connected
with the National Caj)itol in 1803, having been
appointed by President Jefferson ; he planned, built
and rebuilt various parts of the old building, includ-
ing the old Hall of Representatives, the old Senate
Chamber and the Supreme Court Room ; and he
remained in the service of the Government until 1817.
He was the architect of the Richmond Penitentiary,
the Philadelphia Water Works, and of various Bank-
ing Institutions, of Baltimore Exchange and a Roman
Catholic church in that city ; and having removed to
Pittsburg, engaged in building steamboats in connec-
tion with Fulton, Livingston and Roosevelt, for the
navigation of the Western rivers. He removed to
New Orleans in 1820, and died of yellow fever before
the close of the year ; his son, also an architect,
having died in the same city of the same epidemic
three years before.
Lattimer, Henry, — Born at Newport, Dela-
ware, April 24, 1752 ; studied medicine at Philadel-
phia and at Edinbargh, and practiced on his return
from the latter place until 1777, when he was
appointed Surgeon of the Flying Hospital. After the
war he returned home, and practiced until 1794. He
was a member of the State Legislature ; and a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Delaware from 1793 to
1795 ; and a Senator in Coiigress from 1795 to 1801,
when he resigned. He died in Philadelphia, Decem-
ber 19, 1819.
Lattimore, William, — Born in Norfolk, Vir-
ginia, February 9, 1774, where he received a limited
education ; he studied medicine ; removed to the
Territory of Mississippi ; and was a Delegate to Con-
gress from that Territory from 1803 to 1807, and from
1813 to 1817. He was also a Delegate to the Conven-
tion which formed the first Constitution of Mississippi ;
after which he retired to private life, and died April
3, 1843.
LaurenSf Henry. — He was born in South
Carolina, and was an early opponent of Great Britain ;
was a member of the Carolina Congress of 1775, and
elected its president ; was Vice-President under the
temporary Constitution ; was a Delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress from 1777 to 1780, and chosen Presi-
dent of that body during the former year, and signed
the Articles of Confederation ; in 1780 he a^as sent
abroad to negotiate a loan with Holland, but, having
been captured by a British vessel off Newfoundland,
he was sent to England and imprisoned in the Tower,
for more than a year, for high treason. ^The papers
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
251
takrn from his person caused a war between England
and Holland. He petitioned Parliament for release,
and when set at liberty went to Paris, where he
signed the preliminaries of peace in 1782, as a Com-
missioner appointed by Congress ; returned to
America in 1783, and died in Charleston in 1792, in
the sixty-ninth year of his age.
Laiv, JoJm, — Was born in New London, Con-
necticut, in 1796 ; graduated at Yale College in 1814 ;
studied law, and was admitted to practice in the
Supreme Court of Connecticut in 1817, and soon
afterwards emigrated to the new State of Indiana,
locating himself at Vincennes, Soon after arriving
in the West he was elected a Prosecuting Attorney,
Qv./L^;^*-i«9Q o »-»Tv.Tr.— . q^ tilip lifjjjiiilnftrnrr ; he was
again elected Attorney for his district, and held that
position until promoted to a Judgeship, which office
he held by re-elections for eight years. In 1838 he
was appointed by President Van Buren Receiver of
Public Moneys at Vincennes, holding the office four
years. In 1855 he was appointed by President Pierce
Judge of the "Court of Land Claims," to adjudicate
the claims of the old inhabitants of Indiana and
Illinois, and was re-apppointed in 1856. He subse-
quently removed to Evansville, where he resumed
the practice of his profession. In 1860 he was elected
a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, serving on the Committees on the Library,
and on Revolutionary Pensions. Like Mr. Charles
F. Adams, Mr. John Law can mention the fact, with
excusable pride, that his father, Lyman Law, as well
as his grandfather, Richard Law, both served their
country as members of Congress, and witnessed the
same events in our country's history. Amasa Learned,
who was also his grandfather on "his mother's side,
was in the first Congress that sat under the Constitu-
tion. He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Revo-
lutionary Pensions, and the Select Committee on
Emigration. As Chairman of the Committee on
Pensions, he drew up and reported the bill giving to
the soldiers of the Revolution, twelve only surviving,
one hundred dollars per annum, which bill passed
unanimously. He was partial to historical studies, and
was President of the State Historical Society of
Indiana until his entrance into Congress. Died at
Evansville, Indiana, October 7, 1873.
LaiVf Jonathan, — Born in Milford, Connecti-
cut, August 6, 1674 ; graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1695 ; studied law, and began to practice
in Milford in 1698 ; in 1706 he was made Justice of
Peace ; Justice of the Quorum in 1710 ; Chief Judge
in 1714 ; Assistant Judge from 1717 till chosen
Deputy-Governor in 1725 ; was Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court of the State from 1725 to 1741 ; and
Governor from May, 1741, until his death, which
occurred November 6, 1750.
LatVf Lyman, — Born at New London, Connecti-
cut, August 19, 1770 ; graduated at Yale College, in
1791 ; studied law with his father, Richard Law (who
was a member of the Continental Congress), and prac-
ticed at New London. After serving in the Legisla-
ture of the State, and being Speaker of the House of
Representatives, he was elected to Congress and rep-
resented that State in that body from 1811 to 1817.
He died in New London, February 3, 1842.
LaiVf jRichard, — Born at Milford, Connecticut,
March 17, 1733 ; graduated at Yale College in 1751 ;
studied law, and practiced in New London, attaining
the highest eminence in his profession. He was
President Judge of the County Court, and Judge of
the Supreme Court. Was a Delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress from 1777 to 1778, and also from
1781 to 1784. After the adoption of the Federal Con-
stitution he was appointed United States District
Judge, which office he held until his death, which
occurred January 26, 1806, at New London, Connecti-
cut. He was a personal friend of Washington ; was
long Mayor of New London ; and, Avith Roger Sher-
man, revised the Code of Connecticut. He was the
son of Jonathan Law, one of the Colonial Governors.
LatvleVf tloab, — Born in North Carolina, June
12, 1796 ; was educated for the ministry, and became
a clergyman of the Baptist Church. In 1826 he was
elected to the Lower House of the Alabama Legisla-
ture, and was re-elected until 1831, in which year he
was elected to the State Senate. In 1832 he was ap-
pointed Receiver of Public Moneys for the Coosa
Land District, and held the office until 1835. In
1833 he was elected Treasurer of the University of
Alabama. He was a Representative in Congress
from Alabama from 1835 to 1838. He died in Wash-
ington, May 8, 1838, during the first session of ^ his
second term.
Lawreiice, Abbott, — Born in Groton, Massa-
sachusetts, December 16, 1792. His education was
obtained at a district-school and at Groton Academy ;
and in 1808 he went to Boston and became a clerk in
the store of his brother Amos. In 1814 he was ad-
mitted as a partner in the concern, and for many
years the twain prosecuted a very extensive import-
ing business, and laid the foundation of their several
fortunes. He was the traveling partner and visited
Europe a number of times. He subsequently became
one of the foremost men in building up American
manufactures, and the flourishing city of Lawrence
was the offspring of his enterprise. In 1827 he was a
Delegate to the ' ' Harrisburg Convention. " He served
in the Common Council of Boston in 1831 ; and was a
Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1837, and
again in 1839 and 1840. In 1842 he was appointed a
Commissioner to arrange the North-eastern Boundary
Question ; was a Residential Elector in 1844 ; in
1849 he was invited by President Taylor into his Cab-
inet, but declined ; he subsequently accepted, how-
ever, the appointment of Minister to England, where
he acquitted himself with credit. He founded a
scientific school at Cambridge, and his gifts and be-
quests to various charitable and religious societies
proved him to be a man of many noble qualities.
Died in Boston, August 18, 1855.
Latvrenc€f Cornelius Van Wych, — He was
born in Flushing, Long Island, February 28, 1791 ;
spent his boyhood working on his father's farm, and
acquired a good English education ; and on arriving
at the age of manhood, removed to New York city,
with which, as a business man, he has been identified
ever since. He was a Representative in Congress
from New York city from 1832 to 1834 ; for two
years following he was Mayor of the city of New
York ; in 1836 President of the Electoral College for
President ; and for twenty years he held the honor-
able position of President of the Bank of the State of
New York. Among other positions of trust and re-
sponsibilities which, with the above, have tended to
give him a high reputation, may be mentioned the
following : Director of the Branch Bank of the United
States and the Bank of America, Trustee of the New
York Life and Trust Company, and of numerous Fire
and Marine Insurance Companies. In 1856 ill-health
compelled Mr. Lawrence to retire from the pursuits
of active life, and he spent the closing years of his
life in peace, on the spot where his ancestors have
resided for two hundred years. Died at Flushing,
February 20, 1861.
LaivrencCf George Y. — He was born in Wash-
ington County, Pennsylvania, in 1818, his father,
Joseph Lawrence, having been in Congress before
262
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
him. He received a liberal education, and devoted
himself to agricultural pursuits ; was elected to the
State Legislature in 1844, 1847, 1858, and 1859, and
to the State Senate in 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, and
1860, officiating as Speaker during the last term ;
frequently served in the Conventions of the State ;
and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from
Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving
on the Committees on Agriculture and Invalid Pen-
sions. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
" Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and re-elected to
the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on
the Post-Office.
LawreficCf tTohn, — He was born in the County
of Cornwall, England, in 1750, and emigrated to the
city of New York in 1767. He studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1772, and in 1775 was commis-
sioned in the First New York Regiment, and served
to the end of the Revolutionary War, his several
grades having been Aid-de-camp to his relative, Col-
onel McDougal, Judge Advocate, and General, in
which latter capacity he conducted the court-martial
called to try Major Andre. In 1783 he resumed the
practice of his profession in New York. In 1785 and
1786 he was a member of the First Congress. In 1789
he was elected a State Senator, and during that year
was elected, by a five-sixths vote, a Representative in
the Federal Congress, serving from 1789 to 1793 ; was
appointed by Washington in 1794 Judge of the United
States District Court for New York ; and was a Sen-
ator in Congress from 1796 to 1800, serving for a short
time as President pro tern, of that body, when he re-
signed and retired to private life. He died in 1810.
Tiawrence, John W, — He was born in New
York ; served two years in the Assembly of that
State from Queens County, and was a Representative
in Congress from 1845 to 1847.
Laivrencef Joseph, — He was born in Adams
County, Pennsylvania, in 1788 ; he served for nine
years in the State Legislature, two sessions as Speak-
er ; one year as State Treasurer ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1825
to 1829, and again from 1841 to the time of his death,
which occurred in Washington, District of Columbia,
April 17, 1842.
Latvrence, Philip K, — He was a citizen of
Louisiana, and about the year 1838 he was appointed
United States Judge for the two Judicial Districts of
Louisiana, residing at New Orleans.
Lawrence f Samuel, — He was born in New
York ; served seven years in the Assembly of that
State ; and was a Representative in Congress from
the same from 1823 to 1825.
Lawrence, Sidney, — He was born in Vermont,
but removed to New York, and was elected a Represen-
tative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1849.
Lawrence, Williain, — Born in Washington,
Guermsey County, Ohio, September 2, 1814 ; graduated
at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in September,
1835 ; engaged in mercantile and agricultural pur-
suits ; and served in the Ohio Legislature in 1843.
He was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; a member of
the Constitutional Convention of Ohio in 1850 and 1851 ;
State Senator in 1856 and 1857 ; and elected a Repre-
sentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, officiating as
Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the
State Department.
Latvrence, William, — Born in Mount Pleas-
ant, Jefferson County, Ohio, June 26, 1819 ; grad-
uated at Franklin College, Ohio, in 1838 ; taught
school for a time, and in 1840 graduated with the de-
gree of LL.B. in the Law Department of Cincinnati
College, coming to the bar in that year ; for one year
he was a reporter and correspondent at Columbus for
the State Journal and other papers ; in 1842 he was
appointed Commissioner of Bankrupts for Logan
County ; in 1845 he was made Prosecuting Attorney
for the same County, resigning in one year ; from
1845 to 1847 he was the editor and proprietor of the
Logan Gazette ; in 1846 and 1847 he served in the
State Legislature ; in 1848 was a member of the Sen-
ate ; in 1851 he was elected Reporter for the Supreme
Court of the State ; and in 1853 was again returned
to the Senate, and was the author of the Ohio Free
Banking Law. In 1856 he was elected a Judge of
the Court of Common Pleas for five years ; re-elected
in 1861, but resigned in 1864, when he was elected a
Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary.
During a part of his legal career he was editor of the
Wedern Law Monthly ; in 1862 he had command, as
Colonel, of the Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteers for
three months ; and in 1863 President Lincoln ap-
pointed him a Judge in Florida, which he declined.
He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyal-
ists' Convention " of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the
Fortieth, Forty -first. Forty -third, and Forty-fourth
Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
War Claims in the Forty-third Congress.
Lawrence, William JBeach, — Born in New
York city, October 23, 1800 : and graduated at Co-
lumbia College in 1818. After a course of legal and
historical study at Paris, he became a counsellor of
the New York Supreme Court in 1823 ; Secretary of
Legation at London in 1826 ; Charge d' Affaires in 1827
and 1828 ; Lieutenant-Governor of Rhode Island in
1851 and 1852, and for a portion of the time acting
Governor. He was the author of an Address before
the New York Academy of Fine Arts in 1826 ; of a
translation of Marbois' History of Louisiana, with
Essays and Notes, in 1830 ; Discourse before the New
York Historical Society in 1832, of which he was
Vice-President from 1836 to 1845 ; " Two Lectures on
Political Economy" in 1832; " Bank of the United
States " in 1831 ; " Inquiry into the Causes of Public
Distress" in 1834; "History of the North-eastern
Boundary Negotiations " in 1841 ; " Memoir of Albert
Gallatin," 1843; also, the same year, of "Coloniza-
tion and History of New Jersey," 1843 ; " The Law
of Charitable Uses," 1845 ; Lives of Reuben Walcott
and Charles O'Conner in 1848 ; " Maine Law Speech
in the Rhode Island Senate," 1852 ; " Visitation and
Search," 1858; an edition of " Wheaton's Internal
Law with Additional Notes," 1855 ; and contributed
to many journals and periodicals. He was also Pro-
fessor of the Law of Nations in Columbian College,
Washington ; and was made LL.D. by Brown Uni-
versity, and Doctor of Civil Law by the University of
New York. In 1873 he received a fee of forty thou-
sand dollars for arguing the case of the Circassian
before Joint High Commissioners in Washington.
Lawrence, William T, — Born in New York
city, May 7, 1788 ; he was bred a merchant, and con-
tinued such until called into the service of the United
States, in the War of 1812, as a Militia Captain of
Artillery. In 1823 he removed to Cayuga County,
New York, and settled on a farm. In 1838 he was
chosen County Judge, and from 1847 to 1849 he was
a Representative in Congress ; he also served as Del-
egate to several nominating Conventions.
Lawrence, William W, — He was an early
emigrant to Florida, and was appointed a Judge of
the United States District of that State.
Lawson, John 2). — He was born in Mont-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
253
gomery, New York, February 18, 1816 ; educated at
the schools of his native village ; was a merchant in
New York for over twenty-five years, and retired
from business in 1868 ; was a Delegate to the National
Republican Conventions of 1868 and 1872; and declined
public office until elected to the Forty-third Congress,
serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs.
Lawyer f Thomas, — He was a member of the
New York Assembly from Schoharie County, in 1816,
and was a Representative in Congress from New York
from 1817 to 1819.
Lay, George W, — He was born in New York ;
liberally educated ; a lawyer by profession ; and was
a member of the New York Assembly from Genesee
County in 1840, having been a Representative in
Congress from 1833 to 1837. He was also appointed
Charge d' Affaires to Sweden by President Tvler in
1843. Died at Rata via. New York, October 21, 1860.
Lazear, Jesse, — Was born in Greene County,
Pennsylvania, December 12, 1804 ; received his early
education from his parents, and worked on a farm
until he became of age ; served as a Clerk in the Re-
corder's office ; in 1829 and 1832 he was appointed
Register and Recorder for his county ; and since that
time (until 1864) he has held the position of Cashier
of the Farmers and Drovers' Bank of Waynesburg.
In 1860 he was elected a Representative from Penn-
sylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on
the Committee on Private Land Claims, and Chair-
man of that on Expenditures on the Public Build-
dings ; and in 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public
Expenditures, and again on that relating to Public
Buildings. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel-
phia " National Union Convention" of 1866.
Lea, tfohfi M. — He was a native of Tennessee,
and was appointed a Judge of the United States Dis-
trict Court for that State.
Lea, LuTce, — He was born in Surry County,
North Carolina, January 26, 1782 ; removed at an
early day mth his father to Tennessee, where he was
for several years Clerk of the House of Representa-
tives ; he served gallantly in Florida and in the
Creek country under General Jackson in the Indian
wars. He was a Representative in Congress from
Tennessee from 1833 to 1837, and for thirty years dis-
charged the duties of Cashier of the State Bank, and
Register of the State Land Office of Tennessee. In
1849 he was appointed by President Taylor Indian
Agent of the Fort Leavenworth Agency, and was
highly esteemed by the Indians under his charge.
He was returning to his residence, after making the
Indian payments of his agency, when he was killed
by a fall from his horse, June 17, 1851.
Lea, Luke, — He was born in Tennessee, and was
a son of the member of Congress bearing the same
name ; in July, 1850, he was appointed from Missis-
sippi Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and held the
office until March, 1853.
Lea, I*ryor, — Born in Knox County, Tennessee,
in 1794 ; was educated at Greenville College ; studied
law as a profession, and was admitted to the bar in
1817. He served with General Jackson in the Creek
War in 1813 ; was Clerk to the Legislature in 1816 ;
United States District Attorney in 1824 ; and a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Tennessee from 1827 to
1831. In 1837 he removed to Jackson, Mississippi,
and in 1847 to Goliad, Texas. He projected the work
called the " Central Transit," for building a railroad
from Arkansas Bay to Mazatlan, and was President
of the Company.
Leach, De Witt C, — Bom in Clarence, Erie
County, New York, November 23, 1822. He was
self-educated ; bred a farmer ; chosen a member of
the Michigan Legislature in 1849 and 1850 ; and a
member of the Convention to revise the State Consti-
tution in 1850 ; he was also State Librarian in 1855
and 1856 ; and was elected a Representative to the
Thirty-fifth Congress from Michigan, serving as a
member of the Committee on Revisal and Unfinished
Business ; also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs.
Leach, flames M".— Born in Landsdowne, Ran-
dolph County, North Carolina ; received a good clas-
sical education, studied law, and was admitted to the
bar in 1842 ; served ten years in the Legislature of
North Carolina, and in 1859 was elected a Represent-
ative-from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committee on Revolution-
ary Claims. In 1856 he was a Presidential Elector;
served in the Confederate army, and was in the Con-
federate Congress ; elected to the State Senate after
the Rebellion, and re-elected to the Forty-second and
Forty-Third Congresses.
Leadbetter, D, JP. — He was born in Pennsylva-
nia, and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a Rep-
resentative in Congress from 1837 to 1841.
Leake, Shelton JP.— Born in Albemarle County,
Virginia, November 30, 1812 ; received a good English
education, taught for three years an "old field
school," studied law, and in his twenty-fifth year was
admitted to the bar. In 1842 he was elected to the
Virginia House of Delegates; was a Representative
in Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1847 ; was
a Presidential Elector in 1849. In 1851 he was elected
Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia ; was a candidate
for Governor in 1854, but was defeated ; and in 1859
he was re-elected to the Federal House of Represent-
atives for the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a
member of the Committee on Manufactures. Took
part in the Rebellion.
Leake, Walter, — He was a soldier in the Revo-
lutionary war. In 1821 was elected Governor of Mis-
sissippi, having previously served as Senator of the
United States from 1817 to 1820. He died at Mount
Salus, Hinds County, Mississippi, November 17, 1825.
Lear, Tobias, — Born in Portsmouth, New
Hampshire, September 19, 1762 ; graduated at Har-
vard University in 1783, became Private Secretary to
General Washington 1785, and was most liberally re-
membered by him in his will. In 1801 he was Con-
sul-General at St. Domingo, and from 1804 to 1812
was Consul-General at Algiers, and commissioner to
conclude a peace with Tripoli. The latter duty he
performed in 1805, much to the dissatisfaction of
General Eaton, who was gaining important advan-
tages over the Tripolitans. Lear's conduct was ap-
proved by his government, although much blamed
by a portion of the public. At his decease he was an
accountant in the War Department. He died at Wash-
ington, D. C, October 10, 1816.
Learned, Amasa, — Born in Killingly, Con-
necticut, November 15, 1750, and died at New Lon-
don, May 4, 1825. He graduated at Yale College in
1772, studied divinity, but preached for only a short
time, and was a Representative in Congress from Con-
necticut from 1801 to 1805. He had been a member of
the Convention which ratified the Constitution of the
United States. In 1818 was a member of the Connecti-
cut " Constitutional Convention ; " and afterwards
frequently sat in the Assembly of his native State.
Leary, Cornelius L, L, — Born in Baltimore,
254
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
October 22, 1813 ; was educated at St, Mary's College,
in that city. In 1835 lie engaged in business in Louis-
ville, Kentucky, but returned to Baltimore in 1837.
In 1838 lie was chosen a Delegate to the Maryland
Assembly. In 1847 he came to the bar; was a Pres-
idential Elector in 1856, and in 1861, at a special elec-
tion, he was elected a Representative from Mary-
land to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the
Committee on Commerce.
Leavenworthf Ellas Warner, — Born in Ca-
naan, New York, December 20, 1803 ; was removed to
Great Barrington, Massachusetts, at two years of
age ; first received an academic education, then en-
tered Williams College in 1820 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1824 ; studied law with William Cullen
Bryant, and at Litchfield Law School ; admitted to
practice in 1827 ; and settled at Syracuse, but was
compelled by bronchitis to abandon his profession in
1850; was a member of the State Legislature in 1835;
in 1836 was appointed Brigadier-General of the State
Artillery ; was President of the village from 1839 to
1841, and in 1846 and 1847 ; Supervisor in 1839 and
1840 ; Mayor of Syracuse from 1849 to 1859 ; mem-
ber of the Legislature from 1850 to 1857 ; Secretary
of State in 1854 and 1855 ; in 1860 was President of
the State Convention ; in 1861 was Commissioner un-
der the Convention with New Grenada ; in 1865 was
President of the Board to locate the State Asylum for
the Blind, and a trustee of the Asylum for Idiots ; in
1867 was elected a trustee for Hamilton College, but
being a Regent was ineligible ; in 1872 received the
degree of LL. D. from Hamilton College ; held various
important local positions, and was elected a Repre-
sentative from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Leavittf Humphrey H. — He was born in Suf-
field, Connecticut, in June, 1796 ; removed at an early
day with his father to the Western Reserve of Ohio ;
received an academical education ; and adopted the
profession of the law, having been admitted to the
bar in 1816 ; and he was a Representative in Congress
from 1831 to 1834. He also served in the State Legis-
lature,— in the House in 1825 and 1826, and in the
Senate in 1827 ; and he has for many years been
Judge of the. District Court of Ohio, having been ap-
pointed in 1834, by President Jackson,
Le Blond f Francis C, — Was born in Ohio, and
adopted the profession of law ; in 1851 he was elected
for two years to the State Legislature ; was re-elected
in 1853, and served as Speaker of that body ; and in
1862 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Public Expenditures, Re-elected to the Thir-
ty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
Naval Affairs and Expenditures on the Public
Buildings.
Lecompte, Joseph, — He was born in Woodford
County, Kentucky ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Kentucky from 1825 to 1833.
Lecomptef Samuel 2). — He was born in Mary-
land, and appointed Chief Justice of the United States
Court for the Territory of Kansas, and took a leading
part in the affairs of that Territory.
Lee^ Arthur, — He was born in Virginia in 1740 ;
educated at the University of Edinburgh, where he
pursued the study of medicine ; and while pursuing
the study of law in the Temple, in London, rendered
important services to his country by obtaining infor-
mation bearing upon the Revolution, In 1775 he
acted as an agent for his native State, and presented
to the king the second petition of Congress ; from
1776 to 1779 he was Minister to France, and negotia-
ted an important treaty ; also performed the duties of
Commissioner to Spain in 1777 ; resided in Prussia
for a time in a semi-official capacity, and did much
there to help the American cause ; in 1781 he was
elected to the Assembly of Virginia, but was imme-
diately chosen- a Delegate to the Continental Con-
gress, where he remained until 1785 ; before the ex-
piration of his term in Congress, he was delegated to
make several treaties with the Indians on the North-
ern frontier ; soon after leaving Congress he was ap-
pointed Secretary of the Treasury, which office he
held until 1789 ; and he died in 1792, He stood high
as a man of integrity and patriotism. His life was
published in 1829 by R. H. Lee, and his Public Let-
ters were published in Sparks' Diplomatic Correspon-
dence.
LeCf Charles, — Was a native of Virginia ; grad-
uated at the College of New Jersey in 1775 ; was
Secretary of an important Board of Commissioners of
the Continental Congress ; was an eminent lawyer, a
member of the State Legislature, and was appointed
by Washington to succeed William Bradford as At-
torney-General of the United States in 1795, serving
until 1801. He was subsequently appointed by Jef-
ferson Chief Justice of the Circuit Court of the Uni-
ted States for the Fourth Circuit, but declined accept-
ing the office. He died in Farquhar County, Virginia,
June 24, 1815, aged fifty-seven years. He was the
brother of General Henry Lee.
Leef Francis JLighffoot, — Born in Westmore-
land County, Virginia, October 14, 1734, and was the
brother of Richard Henry Lee ; he was well educated
by private tutors ; in 1765 and 1766 he was elected to
the House of Burgesses, and was a strong advocate
of equal rights ; was a Delegate to the Continental
Congress from 1775 to 1780, and signed the Declara-
tion of Independence, and also the Articles of Con-
federation ; served in the State Legislature ; and,
after retiring to private life, died April, 1797.
Lee^ Gideon,— Tie was born in Amherst, Massa-
chusetts, in 1777 ; in early life removed to the city of
New York, where he became a leather merchant, and
amassed a large fortune. He was at one time Mayor
of New York, a Presidential Elector, and a member of
Congress during the years 1836 and 1837. He died
at Geneva, New York, August 21, 1841.
LeCf Henry, — Born in Virginia, January 29,
1756, and graduated at Princeton College in 1773. In
1776 he was appointed a Captain of Cavalry, under
Colonel Bland, and in September, 1777, he joined the
main army. His skill in discipline and gallant bear-
ing attracted the notice of Washington, and he was
soon promoted to the rank of Major, with the com-
mand of a separate corps of cavalry, and then ad-
vanced to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, From 1780
to the end of the war he served under Greene, The
services of Lee's Legion in various actions were very
important. He particularly distinguished himself in
the battle of Guilford ; afterwards, he succeeded in
capturing Fort Cornwallis and other forts ; he was
also conspicuous at Ninety-six; and at the Eutaw
Springs, In 1786 he was appointed a Delegate in
Congress from Virginia in which body he remained
till the Constitution was adopted, having, in the Con-
vention of Virginia, advocated its adoption. In 1791
he was chosen Governor of Virginia, and remained in
office three years. By appointment of Washington,
he commanded the forces sent to suppress the Whis-
ky Insurrection in Pennsylvania, He was a member
of Congress at the period of Washington's death, in
1799, and was appointed by Congress to deliver a
eulogy on the occasion. In 1801 he retired to private
life, and in his last years he was distressed with pe-
cuniary embarrassments ; while confined in 1809
within the bounds of Spottsylvania County, for debt.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
255
he wrote his valuable " Memoirs of the Southern
Campaigns." In 1812, during the mob at Baltimore,
he was one of the defenders, and was severely-
wounded, and carried to the jail for safety. Return-
ing from the West Indies, where he had gone for
health, he died at Cumberland Island, near St, Ma-
ry's, Georgia, March 25, 1818. His exploits dur-
ing the Revolution gained for him the name of
' ' Light Horse Harry " ; and he was the father of
General Robert E. Lee.
LeSf Henry jB. — He was elected a Represent-
ative from New York to the Fifteenth Congress but
died before taking his seat.
Lee, John, — He was a Representative in Congress
from Maryland from 1823 to 1825.
Lee, tfoshua, — He was born in New York, and
served three years in the Legislature of that State,
from Ontario and Yates Counties, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New York from 1835 to
1837.
LeCf W, Lindley, — Born in Mini sink, Orange
County, New York, May 29, 1805 ; spent his boyhood
alternately working upon a farm in summer, and at-
tending tlie district-school in winter. When sixteen
years of age commenced an academical course of study,
and graduated at Union College in 1827 ; and, having
studied medicine and surgery, obtained a degree in
1830 from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of
Western New York. While devoting himself to his
profession, he was appointed Postmaster of Fulton,
Orange County, New York, serving from 1840 to 1844.
He was elected in 1846 and 1847 to the Assembly of
New York ; subsequently held the position, for three
terms, of Commissioner of Loans for the State ; was
a member of the State Senate in 1855, and in 1858 was
elected a Representative to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
from New York, serving as a member of the Commit-
tee on Post-Ofiices and Post-Roads. He was also a
Delegate to the New York '* Constitutional Conven-
tion " of 1867.
Lee, Hichard Bland, — He was a native of Vir-
ginia, and a Representative in Congress from 1789 to
1795. He was one of those who voted for locating
the Seat of Government on the Potomac, and died in
1827.
Lee, Hichard Henry, — Was born at Stratford,
Westmoreland County, Virginia, January 20, 1732,
and was educated at Wakefield, Yorkshire, England.
He had a seat in the House of Burgesses of Virginia
in 1757, and proposed there, in 1773, the formation of
a Committee of Correspondence. He had the honor
of originating the first resistance to British oppression,
in the time of the Stamp Act, in 1765. He was a
member of the First Congress, in 1774, and in Octo-
ber prepared the draft of the memorial to the people
of British America. In accordance with instructions
from the " Virginia Convention," he first proposed in
Congress a Declaration of Independence, June 7, 1776,
and a Committee was appointed to prepare it ; and he
was a signer of the adopted Declaration of Indepen-
dence, and of the Articles of Confederation. The sec-
ond eloquent address to the people of Great Britain
was drawn up by him ; and after the adoption of the
Articles of Confederation he withdrew from Congress,
but was re-elected in 1784, and chosen President of
that body, serving till 1787. He contended for the
necessity of amendments to the Constitution previous-
ly to its adoption in 1789, and was a Senator in C'on-
gress from Virginia from 1789 to 1792, serving one
session as President pro tern, of that body. He was
one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Gov-
ernment on the Potomac. He was the author of a
number of political pamphlets, and his correspon-
dence was published in 1825. He died at Chantilly,
Westmoreland County, Virginia, June 9, 1794.
Lee, Silas, — He graduated at Harvard Univer-
sity in 1784 ; served in the Massachusetts Legisla-
ture in 1793, 1797, and 1798 ; was a Representative in
Congress from Massachusetts from 1799 to 1802 ;
Judge of Probate from 1805 to 1814 ; for some years
Chief Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; and he
was appointed by President Adams United States
District Attorney for Maine. Died in 1814.
Lee^ Thoinas,-r-Jle was a Representative in Con-
gress from New Jersey from 1833 to 1837 ; and died
at Port Elizabeth, November 2, 1855.
Lee, Thomas, — Born in Charleston, South Caro-
lina, December 1, 1769 ; educated for the legal pro-
fession, and soon attained eminence ; was a member
of the State Legislature ; president of the State
Bank in 1817 ; State Solicitor in 1794 ; Comptroller-
General until 1816 ; Judge of Court of Common
Pleas in 1804 ; and Judge of the United States Court
for the District of South Carolina from 1823 till
the close of his life. He was one of the leaders of
the Union party, and an able writer in its defense.
He was also active in the temperance reform, and in
benevolent enterprises. He died at Charleston, Octo-
ber 22, 1839.
Lee, Thomas Ludtvill, — Born in Stafford, Vir-
ginia, about 1730 ; he held a conspicuous position as a
patriot and lawyer during the Revolution ; was a
member of the Houses of Burgesses, and of the Con-
ventions of July and December, 1775 ; and of the
Committee of Safety. In the Convention of 1776 he
was placed on the Committee to draft a Declaration of
Rights, and a plan of Government ; on the organi-
zation of the State Government, he was appointed
one of the five Revisers, and one of the five Judges
of the General Court. He died before the close of
the Revolution. He was the second of the brothers
so famous during the Revolution.
Lee, Thomas Sim, — He was born in 1743 ; was
Governor of Maryland from 1779 to 1783 ; a Delegate
to the Continental Congress in 1783 and 1784 ; was
again Governor from 1792 to 1794 ; and died in 1810.
Lee, William, — Born about 1737 ; was sent to
London as the agent of Virginia ; and became a mer-
chant there ; being a zealous Whig he was elected
Sheriff of London and Middlesex in 1773 ; and in
1775 an Alderman, but resigned on the breaking out of
the Revolutionary War, and went to France. He
heartily joined his brothers in maintaining the Revolu-
tonary struggle in America, and communicated im-
portant intelligence. He was appointed by Congress
Commercial Agent at Nantes in January, 1777 ; was
afterwards Minister at the Hague, and was United
States agent at Vienna and Berlin, but was recalled
early in 1779. He was an able writer. He died at
Greenspring, Virginia, June 27, 1795.
Lee, William, — He was born in Massachusetts ;
and in 1817 he was appointed Second Auditor of the
Treasury, having been the first appointed to that
office, in which he remained until 1824, when he was
appointed Fourth Auditor, which he retained some-
what less than one year.
Xee, Z, Collins, — Born in Westmoreland County,
Virginia, December 5, 1805 ; educated in the Virginia
University ; studied law under William Wirt and
practiced in Baltimore Maryland. He became emi-
nent as a lawyer, and was an eloquent and effective
speaker. He was United States District Attorney
256
BIOaRAPHICAL ANNALS
from 1848 to 1856 ; and Judge of the Superior Court
from 1855 till Ms death, which occurred in Baltimore,
December 26, 1859.
Leetf Isaac, — Born in Pennsylvania in 1802 ;
was for several years in the Senate of that State ; a
Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1831 ; and
died at Washington, Pennsylvania, June 10, 1844.
Lefevref Joseph, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1811 to 1813.
LeffertSf John, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York from 1813 to 1815 ; a member
of the "State Constitutional Convention" of 1821;
and a State Senator from 1822 to 1825.
>
Lefflerf Isaac, — Born in Washington County,
Pennsylvania, in November, 1788 ; was educated at
Jefferson College ; studied law, and settled in Wheel-
ing, Virginia ; in 1817 was elected to the Virginia
Legislature, where he served eight years ; in 1827
was elected a member of the Board of Public Works ;
and he was a Representative in Congress from Vir-
ginia from 1827 to 1829. In 1832 again elected to the
Virginia Legislature ; in 1835 removed to Burlington,
Iowa ; served two years in the Legislature of Wiscon-
sin Territory ; one year as Speaker ; one year in the
Legislature of Iowa ; in 1843 was appointed Marshal
of Iowa ; in 1849 Register of the Land Office at Still-
water, but declined ; in 1852 appointed Receiver of
the same office, whence he was removed for opinion's
sake.
Lejfler, Shepherd, — ^He was bom in Pennsyl-
vania ; educated for the law, but devoted himself to
farming ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Iowa from 1846 to 1851. In 1875 he was a candidate
for the office of Governor, made so by the Democrats.
Leftwich, Jahez, — He was bom in Bedford
County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1821 to 1825.
Leftwichf John W, — He was born in Bedford
County, Virginia, September 7, 1826 ; graduated at
the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in 1850 ;
subsequently settled in Memphis, Tennessee, as a
merchant and cotton-factor ; and in 1865 he was
elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thir-
ty-ninth Congress, taking his seat near the close of
the first session of that Congress, and serving on the
Committee on Indian Affairs. He was also a Delegate
to the Philadelphia * ' National Union Convention " of
1866, and to the New York Convention of 1868. Died
at Lynchburg in June, 1870.
LegarCf Hugh Swinton, — He was bom at
Charleston, South Carolina, January 2, 1797 ; gradu-
ated at the College of that State in 1814, and after
having studied law went to Europe, where he re-
mained until 1820, occupied with the pursuits of lit-
erature. On his return to Charleston, he devoted
himself to the practice of his profession and to agri-
cultural pursuits. In 1830 he was appointed Attor-
ney-General of the State, and was the principal editor
of the Southern Review. In 1832 he was appointed
Charge d' Affaires of the United States to Belgium ;
from 1837 to 1839 was a Representative of his native
State in Congress ; and in 1841 was appointed Attor-
ney-General of the United States by President Tyler,
and also Acting Secretary of State. He died sudden-
ly at Boston, June 20, 1843, while accompanying the
President in his journey to attend the Bunker Hill
Celebration. His fine taste as a writer, his eminent
acquirements as a scholar, and his learning and elo-
quence as a lawyer, were known and appreciated
throughout the Union,
and published in 1846.
His writings were collected
Leggett, Mortimer D, — Born in Ithaca, New
York, April 19, 1851 ; removed with his parents to
Geauga County, Ohio, at the age of sixteen ; he was
admitted to the bar in 1853, and settled in Zanesville
in 1857 ; was Superintendent of Public Schools until
1861, when he raised the Seventy-eighth Ohio Infantry,
and was made Colonel in 1862 ; he was at Fort Donel-
son, and at Pittsburg Landing, where he was wounded ;
at the siege of Corinth, he commanded a brigade, and
captured Jackson, Tennessee. At Bolivar he repulsed
the Rebels, and was wounded ; he was appointed
Brigadier-General in 1862 ; was severely wounded at
Champion Hills, and at Vicksburg. He was in the
battles of the Atlanta Campaign ; in Sherman's March
to the Sea, he commanded a Division ; was Brevet
Major-General in 1864, and Major-General in 1865, and
was appointed United States Commissioner of Patents
in 1871.
Lehman f William E. — Born in Philadelphia,
August 21, 1822, graduated at the University of Penn-
sylvania in 1843 ; studied law, and after practicing
with success, retired from the bar and traveled in
Europe. By President Polk he was appointed an Ex-
aminer of Post-Offices in New York and Pennsyl-
vania, and he was elected a Representative from Penn-
sylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as
a member of the Committee on Accounts. His family
was one of note in Dresden, his father and grand-
father having acquired distinction in the civil and
military service. In 1863 he was appointed a Provost
Marshal in Pennsylvania.
Leibf jyiicJiael, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1806, when he
resigned ; and a Senator of the United States from
1808 to 1814, and in the latter year he was appointed
Postmaster at Philadelphia. He also served in the
Legislature of Pennsylvania both before and after his
election to Congress. He was also a Presidential
Elector in 1809. Died in Philadelphia, December 28,
1822, aged sixty-three years.
Leibf Given D, — Born in Schuykill, Pennsyl-
vania ; youngest of nine brothers ; received a common-
school and classical education ; studied medicine and
graduated at the Jefferson Medical Institution in
Philadelphia ; practiced his profession in Columbia
County ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania from 1845 to 1847, serving as Chairman
of the Committee on Expenditures in the War Depart-
ment. Died June 17, 1848.
Leidy, Paul, — Born in Hemlock, Columbia
County, Pennsylvania, November 21, 1813. He was
educated at a common school ; the early part of his
life was devoted to agricultural pursuits ; from the
age of sixteen to twenty-four he followed the business
of a tailor ; taught school, and having studied law at
the same time, has since practiced that profession.
He was for five years District Attorney for Montour
County ; for a short time Superintendent of Common
Schools for the same county ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from Pennsyl-
vania, serving as a member of the Committee on
Roads and Canals.
Leighf Benjamin Wafkins, — ^^Bom in Virgin-
ia in 1782, and died at Richmond, February 2, 1849.
He was one of the most eminent men of his State ;
Avell known as a lawyer and public man. From 1829
to 1841 he was a Reporter of the State ; frequently a
member of the House of Delegates ; a member of the
Convention of 1830 for revising the State Constitu-
tion ; and a Senator in Congress from 1834 to 1837.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
257
Leipei^f George G» — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1829 to 1831.
Letter f Henjainin F, — He was born in Leiters-
burg, Washington County, Maryland, October 13,
1813. He was chiefly educated by his father ; taught
school in Maryland from 1830 to 1834 ; removed to
Ohio and taught there until 1842, after which he was
admitted to the bar and devoted himself to the prac-
tice of law, in which he was successful ; he was
elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1848, and was
chosen temporary Chairman by the Democrats, acting
as such throughout the long contest of that year be-
ween his party and the Whigs, which is now spoken
of in Ohio as the " days of the Revolution ; " in 1849
he was re-elected and chosen Speaker ; and in 1854
he was elected to Congress, and re-elected to each
successive Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Indian Affairs.
Lent, tTames, — He was a member of Congress
from New York from 1829 to 1833, and died in Wash-
ington, February 24, 1833. He was Chairman of the
Committee on Expenditures in the Department of
State.
Leonard, George, — Born in Boston, July 4,
1729 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1748 ; a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1789
to 1793, and from 1795 to 1797 ; a man of unusual
wealth ; for his learning was made a Doctor of Laws ;
and died at Newton, Massachusetts, July 26, 1819.
His descendants are numerous, and many of them
distinguished.
Leonard, Woses G, — He was born in Connecti-
cut ; was a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1843 to 1845 ; and was for several years
Commissioner of Emigration in the city of New
York.
Leonard, Stephen S. — He was born in New
York ; and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 to
1841.
Leslie^ Preston H* — He was born in Wayne
County, Kentucky, March 2, 1819 ; was left an or-
phan at an early age and became a cart-driver in
Louisville, at the age of thirteen ; from this and
similar positions, he succeeded in earning a living ;
studied law, and began to practice in Monroe County,
at the age of twenty-two ; represented that county
in the Legislature in 1844 and 1850 ; and was State
Senator from 1851 to 1855 ; removed to Barren County,
and was again Senator from 1867 to 1871 ; in 1869 he
was chosen Speaker of the Senate ; and acted as Lieu-
tenant-Governor ; in 1871 was elected Governor for
four years, by the remarkable majority of 37,156.
Letcher, John, — Bom in Lexington, Rockbridge
County, Virginia, March 28, 1813 ; he commenced his
classical studies at Washington College, and com-
pleted his education at Randolph Macon College ;
adopted the profession of law, and was admitted to
practice in 1839 ; during that year he established, and
for a time edited the Valley Star, in Lexington ; was
a member of the Convention for Reforming the Con-
stitution of Virginia in 1850 ; and was elected a
Representative in the Thirty-second, Thirty-third,
Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving
generally as a member of the Committee on Ways
and Means. He was in 1859 elected by the Democ-
racy of Virginia Governor of that Commonwealth.
He was also a Presidential Elector in 1849.
Letcher, Robert J*. — He was born in Gooch-
land County, Virginia ; received a good education, and
17
adopted the profession of law. He served a number
of years in the State Legislature, and was at one time
elected Speaker of the House ; was a Presidential
Elector in 1837 ; and a Representative in Congress
from 1823 to 1835 ; Governor of Kentucky from 1840
to 1844 ; and in 1849 was appointed Minister to Mex-
ico. Died in Frankfort, Kentucky, January 24,
1861.
Leutze, Emanuel, — Born in Emingen, Wur-
teml erg, May 24, 1816 ; emigrated with his parents,
in his youth, to Philadelphia, and for a time resided
in Virginia ; early displayed a talent with the pencil
and facility in taking likenesses. His first successful
picture was that of " An Indian Gazing at the Setting
Sun ; " tLe sale of which enabled him to study at Dus-
seldorf with Lessing in 1841. His " Columbus before
the Court of Salamanca," was purchased by the Dus-
seldorf Art Union; and his " Columbus in Chains,"
procured him the Medal of the Brussels Art Exhibi-
tion, In 1843 he studied at Munich, where he fin-
ished " Columbus before the Queen." After a tour
in Italy, he returned to Dusseldorf in 1845, where he
established himself. In 1859 he returned to the
United States, and depicted many striking events of
the Revolutionary War ; among the best was " Wash-
ington Crossing the Delaware." Two of bis better
pictures are ** The Amazon and her Children," and
" Milton Playing before Cromwell." He was com-
missioned by the Government to paint the large pic
ture of "Westward the Star of Empire takes its
Way," for one of the staircases in the Capitol at
Washington, which is considered the finest work of
the kind in the United States. He died in Washing-
ton, District of Columbia, July 18, 1868.
Levin, Lewis C, — He was born in Charleston,
South Carolina, November 10, 1808 ; received a liber-
al education, having graduated at Columbia College,
South Carolina ; adopted the profession of law, and
practiced the same in Maryland, Louisiana, Ken-
tucky, and Pennsylvania; and was a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1845 to 1847,
and again from 1847 to 1851, generally serving on the
Committee on Naval Affairs. To him is generally
awarded the credit of having founded, in 1843, the
Native American Party. Died in Philadelphia, March
14, 1860.
Levy, William Mallory, — Born in the County-
of Isle of Wight, Virginia, October 30, 1827; received
a classical and collegiate education ; in 1846 he volun-
teered in the First Louisiana Regiment for service in
Mexico, and was made a lieutenant, serving until peace
was declared in 1848; returned to Virginia, studied
law, and came to the bar in 1849 ; in 1853 he removed
to Natchitoches, Louisiana, and devoted himself to
the practice of his profession ; was a member of the
State Legislature in 1860 and 1861 ; a Preside-ntial
Elector in the former year ; served as a Colonel in the
Confederate service, and in 1874 he was elected a
Representative from Louisiana to the E'orty -fourth,.
Congress,
Lewis, Ahner, — He was born in New. York; was
a member of the Assembly of that State from Chau-
tauqua County in 1838 and 1839, and, was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New York. from 1845 to
1847.
Lewis, JBarbour, — He was born in Alburg,
Vermont, in 1824 ; graduated at Illinois College in
1846 ; was a teacher for some years at Mobile, Ala-
bama, and then studied law in Albany, New York,
and at Cambridge, Massachusetts ; entered the Army
as a Captain of Volunteers in 1861, .and served until
1864 ; in 1863 was appointed Judge for the. District of
Memphis by the military authorities, and served as
258
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
sucli in 1863 and 1864; in March, 1867, was appointed
President of the Board of County Comniissioners of
Shelby County, Tennessee, and held the office until
November, 1869, and was elected to the Forty-third
Congress, serving on the Committee on Railroads and
Canals.
LeiviSf JBurivell JB. — Born in Montgomery, Ala-
bama, July 8, 1838 ; graduated at the State Univer-
sity in 1857 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1859,
residing at Monticello and Tuscaloosa ; served in the
Confederate Army as an officer ; was a Presidential
Elector in 1868 ; served in the State Legislature from
1870 to 1872, and in 1874 he was elected a Represen-
tative from Alabama to the Forty- fourth Congress.
LeivlSf Charles H. — He was a citizen of Virgin-
ia, and in 1870 he was appointed Minister Resident to
Portugal, where he remained until 1874, when he re-
signed.
JLeiviSf David JP, — He was Governor of Alaba-
ma from 1872 to 1874.
Lewis f Dixon M, — Born in Dinwiddle County,
Virginia, in 1802, and educated at the South Carolina
College. He studied law, removed to Alabama, and
became eminent in his profession. He was an able
and amiable man, and physically very large and
fleshy ; and the story is related of him, that, when
returning home on one of the Southern steamers,
which was wrecked, he refused to take a seat in a
small boat, because the lives of several persons would
thereby be jeopardized, and, though for a time he
was in great danger, he was rescued. He represented
Alabania in Congress from 1829 to 1843, and, from
1844 until his death, was a Senator in Congress. Died
in New York, October 25, 1848.
Lewis, Ellis, — Born in Lewisberry, York County,
Pennsylvania, May 16, 1798. He was first a printer,
then studied law ; was admitted to the bar in 1822 ;
appointed Deputy Attorney-General of the State in
1824 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1832 ;
aiDpointed Attorney-General of Pennsylvania, Jan-
uary, 1833 ; President Judge of the Eighth Judicial
District, January, 1843, and of the Second District,
January, 1843 ; a Judge of the Supreme Court of the
State, October, 1851 ; Chief Justice, December, 1854 ;
and re-nominated in 1857 ; a Commissioner to revise
the Criminal Code of Pennsylvania in 1858. He re-
ceived the degree of M.D. from the Philadeli:)hia
Medical College for his knowledge of medical juris-
prudence. Was the author of an Abridgment of
the Criminal Law of the United States, and a con-
tributor to periodical literature. Received the degree
of LL.D. from JefEerson College. Died in Philadel-
phia, March 19, 1871.
LetviSf Francis, — ^He was born in LlandaflF,
Wales, in March, 1713 ; was educated at Westmin-
ster ; emigrated to America in 1735, and settled in
New York as a merchant. In the prosecution of his
business he visited Russia and other parts of Europe ;
as Agent for supplying the British troops he was
present at Fort Oswego when it surrendered to Mont-
calm, and as a prisoner he was taken to Montreal and
to France. After his release he returned to America ;
became one of the "Sons of Liberty ;" was a Dele-
gate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1779 ;
signed the Articles of Confederation ; and was also
one of the signers of the Declaration of Independ-
ence. ; and after a long course of successful business
operations, died December 30, 1803.
Lewis, tf antes T, — Born in Clarendon, Orleans
County, New York, October 30, 1819 ; received an
academic .education.; studied law, and settled at Co-
lumbus, Wisconsin, in 1845 ; was elected Probate
Judge of Columbia County in 1846 ; District Attorney
in 1847 ; member of the State Constitutional Conven-
tion of the same year ; took an interest in military af-
fairs and was made a General of Militia ; was elected
to the State Legislature in 1851 ; to the State Senate
in 1852 ; Lieutenant-Governor in 1853 ; Secretary of
State in 1861 ; and Governor of Wisconsin in 1863, de-
clining a re-nomination. He took an active part in
public affairs during the Rebellion and did much to
promote the Union cause.
Leivis, John F, — He was born near Port Repub-
lic, March 1, 1818 ; raised as a farmer, which occupa-
tion he has since followed ; was elected, in 1861, to
the convention called for the purpose of determining
whether Virginia should remain in the Union or cast
her lot with the Gulf States, and vras the only mem-
ber of that body who refused to sign the ordinance of
secession ; was a Li^nion candidate for Congress in
1865, and defeated ; was nominated in 1869 for Lieu-
tenant-Governor, and elected; and was elected a United
States Senator from Virginia in 1869, and took his
seat in 1870 for the term ending in 1875, serving on
the Committee on Engrossed Bills, and Chairman of
that on the District of Columbia.
Letvis, tToseph, Jr, — He was born in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1803 to 1817.
LeiviSf fToseph H, — He was born in Barren
County, Kentucky, October 29, 1824 ; graduated at
Centre College in 1843 ; studied and practiced law ,
was a member of the State Legislature in 1850, 1851,
1852, and 1869 ; and was elected to the Forty-first
Congress, for the unexpired term of I. S. Golloday,
resigned ; and was re-elected to the Forty second
Congress, serving on the Committee on Accounts.
Leivis, fjoseiyh J, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and in 1863 he was appointed from that State Com-
missioner of Internal Revenue in the Treasury De-
partment, remaining in office until 1865.
Leii'is, Joseph It, — He was an early emigrant
to Washington Territory, and was appointed in 1872
an Associate Justice of the United States Court for
that District.
Lewis, fToshua, — He was an early emigrant to
the Territory of Orleans, and in 1806 he was appointed
a Judge of the United States Court for that District.
Lewis, 3Ieriwether, — Born near Charlottesville,
Virginia, August 18, 1774 ; his father died when he
was a child, and at the age of eighteen he relinquished
his academic studies for farming, which he pursued
for two years ; he was a volunteer during the Whis-
ky Insurrection, and was transferred to the regular
service as Ensign in 1795, and became Captain in
1800 ; he was the Private Secretary of President Jef-
ferson for two years, and in 1803 he was sent by him
upon an exploring expedition across the continent to
the Pacific ; at his request Clarke was appointed to
accompany him, and they returned in 1806. He was
made Governor of Louisiana Territory in 1807, and
restored the country from strife and dissensions to
order. He was subject to attacks of hypochondria,
and while under the influence of this disorder, put an
end to his life near Nashville, October 11, 1809. A
narrative of the expedition of Lewis and Clarke, from
materials furnished by each explorer, was prepared
by Nicholas Biddle and Paul Allen, with a memoir of
Lewis by Jefferson, published in 2 vols., 8vo, 1814.
Lei vis f Morgan, — Born in New York, Octobei
16, 1754 ; graduated at New Jersey College in 1773
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
259
studied law in the office of John Jay ; in June, 1775,
joined the army at Cambridge, and was made Captain
of a rifle company in August ; Major of the Second
New York Regiment in November ; Colonel and Chief
of Staff to General Gates in June, 1776; and soon after
Quartermaster-General of the Northern Department ;
he was at the surrender of Burgoyne ; accompanied
General Clinton in the expedition up the Mohawk ;
and at Stone Arabia, led the advance and routed the
Indian foe ; he was admitted to the bar at the close
of the war, and practiced in Dutchess County ; was a
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; Attorney-Gen-
eral of the State in 1791 ; Judge of the Supreme Court
of the State in 1792 ; Chief Justice in 1801 ; Governor
from 1804 to 1807 ; and member of the State Legisla-
ture from 1808 to 1811 ; he was appointed Quarter-
master-General with the rank of Brigadier-General in
1812 ; Major-General in 1813 and ordered to the Niag-
ara frontier ; made a successful descent on the British
side of Niagara River April 28, 1813 ; in 1814 was in-
trusted with the defense of New York city ; he sub-
sequently devoted himself to literature and agricul-
ture ; in 1835 was President of the New York Historical
Society ; February 22, 1832, delivered a Centennial
address, in honor of Washington, before the civil
authorities. Died in New York, October 16, 1854.
LeJviSf SefJi, — He was an early emigrant to the
Territory of Mississippi, and in 1800 he was appointed
Chief Justice of the United States Court for that Dis-
trict.
LetviSf Thomas. — Born in Donegal County, Ire-
land, April 27, 1718 ; had a liberal education ; was an
excellent mathematician ; became surveyor of Au-
gusta County in 1745 ; was a member of the House of
Burgesses, where he advocated the resolutions of
Patrick Henry in 1765 ; also a member of the State
Conventions of 1775 and 1776, in which he aided in
preparing the Declaration of Rights in the State Con-
stitution ; and of the Convention of 1788 which rati-
fied the Federal Constitution. As a member of the
First House of Delegates he united with Jefferson in
enacting religious toleration ; he was a member of the
Committee of Safety ; and one of the boldest patriots
of Virginia. He died at Port Republic, Virginia,
January 31, 1790.
IjeiviSf Thomas, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from October 17, 1803, to
March 5, 1804, when his seat was successfully con-
tested by A. Moore.
LeiviSf William, — He was a native of Pennsyl-
vania, and in 1791 he was appointed a Judge of the
United States Court for the District of Pennsylvania.
LeiviSf William^ J, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Virginia from 1817 to 1819.
Jj^Ho^nmedieii, Ezra, — He graduated at Yale
College in 1754 ; and was a Delegate from New York
to the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1783, and
again in 1787 and 1788. Died in 1811.
Ziif/oUf Thomas JVafJcins, — He was born in
Prince Edward County, Virginia ; placed at an early
age at Hampden Sydney College, but finished his edu-
cation at the University of Virginia ; he studied law,
and, after spending a year and a half at the Yale Law
School, settled in Baltimore ; he was a Representative
in Congress from Maryland from 1845 to 1849 ; having
been re-elected for a second term ; and was elected in
1854 Governor of that State.
TAllf/f Samuel, — Was born in New York; adopted
the medical profession ; and was a Representative in
Congress from New Jersey from 1853 to 1855.
Lincoln f Abraham, — He was born in Hardin
County, Kentucky, February 12, 1809 ; removed with
his father to Indiana in 1816 ; received a limited edu-
cation ; worked at rail-splitting for a time ; and twice
visited New Orleans as a boatman ; removed to Illi-
nois in 1830, and turned his attention to agricultural
pursuits ; he served as a Captain of Volunteers in the
Black Hawk War ; was at one time Postmaster of
New Salem ; and he served four years in the Illinois
Legislature, viz., 1834, 1836, 1838, and 1840, during
which time he turned his attention again to the study
of law with John T. Stuart, and settled at Springfield
in the practice of his profession. He was a member
of the " National Convention " which nominated Gen-
eral Taylor for President in 1848 ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Illinois from 1847 to 1849,
serving on the Committees on the Post-Office and Post-
Roads, and on Expenses in the War Department. In
1858 he acquired distinction by stumping the State of
Illinois for the United States Senate, against S. A.
Doviglas ; and in 1860 he was nominated by the Re-
publican Party as their candidate for President of the
United States, and was duly elected to that position
for the terra commencing March 4, 1861 ; by the
"Baltimore Convention," held in 1864, he was nomi-
nated for re-election to the Presidency, and was tri-
umphantly elected ; in December, 1864, the degree of
LL.D. was conferred upon him by Princeton College.
On April 14, 1865, while seated in a private box at
the theatre, he was shot in the head by an assassin,
named John Wilkes Booth, and died at seven o'clock
on the following morning. The circumstances of his
death filled the whole land with horror, and the dem-
onstrations to his memory were heartfelt and uni-
versal. His name was everywhere mentioned, with
rare kindness, as the "Martyred President."
Lincoln f Enoch. — Born In Worcester, Massa-
chusetts, December 28, 1788 ; and, after studying
law, settled in Fryeburg, Maine, and afterwards re-
moved to Paris. He was a member of the United
States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
from 1818 to 1820, succeeding A. K. Parris, resigned ;
and from 1821 to 1826 from the new State of Maine,
when he was elected Governor of Maine, and re-
elected in 1828. He published, while at Fryeburg,
a poem, entitled " The Village ; " he was also the
author of some historical recollections of Maine. He
died at Augusta, October 8, 1829.
Lincoln, Leri, — Born May 15, 1749, at Hingham,
Mnssachusetts ; graduated at Harvard College in
1772, and settled as a lawyer in Worcester, where he
rose to distinction ; was a Judge of Probate ; a State
Senator in 1797 ; County Prosecutor in 1775 ; a State
Counselor in 1806, 1810, and 1811 ; and he was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from 1799 to 1801 ; and dur-
ing the administration of President Adams he wrote
a series of political papers, called " Farmer's Letters."
In 1801 he was appointed Attorney-General of the
United States, and acted as Secretary of State until
Mr. Madison reached Washington ; and in 1807 was
Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts, acting as
Governor in 1809, after the death of Governor Sulli-
van. In 1811 he was appointed Associate Judge of
the Supreme Court, but declined the office. He died
at Worcester, Massachusetts, April 14, 1820, aged
seventy-one years.
Lincoln, Levi. — He was the son of the preced-
ing, and was born in Massachusetts, October 25,1782 ;
was a State Senator in 1812 ; a State Representative
from 1814 to 1823, and Speaker in 1822 ; Lieutenants
Governor of Massachusetts in 1823 ; Judge of the Su-
preme Court of the State in 1824 ; a Presidential
Elector in 1825 ; Collector at Boston from 1841 to
1843 ; a Slate Senator in 1844 and 1845, and President
thereof ; Mayor of Worcester in 1848 ; and Governor
260
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
of Massachusetts from 1825 to 1834 ; and from 1834
to 1841 was a Representative in Congress. He was a
Presidential Elector in 1864. Died at Worcester,
May 29, 1868.
Lincoln, Wllliarn S. — He was born in Newark
Valley, Tioga County, New York, August 13, 1813 ;
was educated for mercantile pursuits, and after de-
voting Ms attention for many years to merchandising,
lie became engaged in the manufacture of leather ;
was Postmaster of Newark Valley from 1838 to 1866 ;
was also Supervisor of the town for several years ;
and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from
New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads.
lAndleyif James J, — Born at Mansfield, Ohio,
January 1, 1822 ; went with his parents to Kentucky
when a boy, and lived at Cynthiana several years ;
was a student in Woodville College, Ohio, for two
years ; studied law, and located at Monticello, Mis-
souri, in 1846. In 1848 he was elected Circuit At-
torney for eight Counties, and re-elected in 1852. He
was a Representative from Missouri in the Thirty-
third Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-
fourth. He afterwards removed to Davenport, Iowa,
and engaged in the practice of his profession.
Lindsay f Robert JS, — He was Governor of
Alabama from 1871 to 1872.
Lindsley, JFilliam I). — He was bom in Con-
necticut ; and having removed to Ohio, was elected a
Representative in Congress from that State from
1853 to 1855.
Linn, Archibald L, — He was born in New
York in 1802 ; graduated at Union College ; studied
law in Schenectady, and came to the bar in that city ;
was twice elected Mayor of the same ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New York from 1841 to
1843 ; and in 1844 he was elected to the State As-
sembly. Died in Grassfield, New York, October 10,
1857.
Linn, James, — He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1769, and was a Representative in Congress
from New Jersey from 1799 to 1801, when he was ap-
pointed by President Jefferson Supervisor of the
Revenue. He also held the office for many years of
Secretary of State of New Jersey. Died at Trenton,
December 29, 1820.
Linn, fTolin, — He was born in New Jersey, was
for many years a member of the New Jersey Assem-
bly, and a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1817 to 1821. Died January 6, 1821.
Linn, Lewis F, — Born near Louisville, Ken-
tucky, November 5, 1796. He was educated chiefly by
an elder brother, and studied medicine. In 1809 he re-
moved to Missouri, and in 1814 helped to fight the
battles of his country. After successfully practicing
his profession, he was elected to the State Legislature
in 1827, and in 1833 was elected a Senator in Congress,
in which capacity he served until his death, which
occurred at St. Genevieve, Missouri, October 3, 1843.
He proved himself to be a man of remarkable abili-
ties, identified himself throughout his whole career
in Congress with the interests of the valley of the
Mississippi, and, when he died, many of the best men
in the country eulogized him for his manifold vir-
tues.
Liiriy^ttf iETenry. — He was elected in 1875 Gov-
ernor of Rhode Island for the term ending in 1876.
Lispenardf Leonard, — He was a Delegate
from New York to the Colonial Congress which met
in New York City in 1765.
Litchfield, Elisha, — He was born at Canter-
bury, Connecticut, in 1795 ; served five years in the
New York Legislature, from Onondaga County ; was
Speaker in 1848 ; was many years a Justice of the
Peace at Delphi, New York ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from New York from 1821 to 1823,
and again from 1823 to 1825. Died at Cazenovia,
New York, August 4, 1859.
Little f Edward JP. — He was born in Massachu-
setts in 1788, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1852 to 1853. He was a State
Representative from 1829 to 1834, and from 1835 to
1838, and Collector at Plymouth from 1853 to 1857.
Little^ Peter, — He was born in Petersburg,
Pennsylvania ; removed to Maryland, and was
elected a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1811 to 1813 ; was in the latter year ap-
pointed, by President Madison, Colonel of Infantry ;
and again a Representative in Congress from 1816 to
1829. Died February 5, 1830, in Baltimore County,
Maryland.
Littlefieldf ISathaniel S, — Born in Wells, York
County, Maine, September 20, 1804 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; studied and adopted the pro-
fession of law ; was a member of the Maine Senate
in 1837, 1838, and 1839 ; President of the same a part
of the time ; a Representative from Maine to the
Twenty-seventh and Thirty-first Congresses ; and a
member of the Maine House of Representatives in
1854. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
" National Union Convention " of 1866.
Littlejohn^DeWitt C. — Was born in Bridge-
water, Oneida County, New York, February 7, 1818 ;
received a thorough academic education ; and since
1839 has been largely engaged in the commerce of the
lakes and canals, as well as in the manufacture of
flour. He served as President of the village of Oswe-
go, and when it became a city he became an Alder-
man, and was twice elected Mayor. He was seven
times elected to the Assembly of New York, presiding
as Speaker during five terms ; and in 1862 he was
elected a Representative from New York to the Thir-
ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Roads and Canals, and as Chairman of the Committee
on Revolutionary Pensions. After retiring from Con-
gress he was again elected to the State Legislature.
Livertnore, Arthur, — Born in Londonderry,
New Hampshire, July 26, 1776. He was a Judge of
the Supreme Court of New Hampshire from 1799 to
1816 ; a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; from 1825 to
1833 Judge of the Common Pleas ; and a Represent-
ative in Congress from 1817 to 1821, and from 1823
to 1825. He died at Campton, New Hampshire, July
1, 1853. He was the son of Samuel Livermore.
LivermorCf Edtvard St, Loe, — Born in Ports-
mouth, New Hampshire, April 5, 1762 ; was United
States Attorney to the Circuit Court ; a Counselor at
Law ; Representative in Congress from New Hamp-
shire from 1807 to 1812 ; a Judge of the Superior
Court of New Hampshire from 1797 to 1799 ; a resi-
dent of Boston in 1813, and delivered the Fourth of
July oration ; in 1799 an oration at Portsmouth, on the
dissolution of the union between France and the
United States ; and also an oration on the Embargo
Law, January 6, 1809. Died at Lowell, Massachu-
setts, September 22, 1882. ^
LivermorCf Samuel, — Born in Waltham, Mas-
sachusetts, May 14, 1732 ; graduated at Princeton
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
261
College in 1752 ; came to the bar in 1769 ; was Judge
Advocate of the Admiralty before the Revolution ;
subsequently Judge of the Superior Court of New
Hampshire, and a Senator in Congress from 1793 to
1801, when he resigned ; and was President, pro tern.,
of that body, during two sessions. He died at Hold-
erness, May, 1803.
Livingston f Urockholst, — Born in New York,
November 25, 1757 ; educated at Princeton College,
but left in 1776 ; served with Arnold at the capture of
Burgoyne, in 1779 ; was Private Secretary to John Jay
during his mission to Spain, in 1779 ; studied law, and
came to the bar in 1783 ; in 1802 he became Judge of
the Supreme Court of New York ; and in 1806 he was
appointed, by President Jefferson, a Justice of the
Supreme Court of the United States. Died in Wash-
ington, March 11, 1823. He was the son of Governor
William Livingston.
Livingston, Edward. — Born at Claremont,
Livingston Manor, New York, in 1764 ; graduated at
Princeton College, in 1781 ; studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1785, and pursued his profession
till 1795, when he was elected a Representative to
Congress from New York city, serving until 1802.
He was then appointed United States Attorney for the
District of New York, and was also Mayor of the city.
Removing to New Orleans in 1804, he became eminent
there as a lawyer ; at the invasion of Louisiana he
acted as an aid to General Jackson ; was employed in
negotiations for the exchange of prisoners after the
war ; and was elected a Representative in Congress
from Louisiana from 1823 to 1829, and as a Senator of
the United States from 1829 to 1831, when he was ap-
pointed by President Jackson Secretary of State, and,
in 1833, Minister to France. His " Penal Code " is
considered a monument of his profound learning. He
died at Rhinebeck, New York, May 23, 1836.
Livingston, Henry Walter, — Was born in
1764 ; graduated at Yale College in 1786, and was
educated to the law. He was Secretary, in 1792, to
Mr. Morris, Ambassador to France ; a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1803 to 1807. He
died at Livingston Manor, New York, December 22,
1810, aged forty-two years.
Livingston, Philip, — Born in Albany, New
York, January 15, 1716 ; graduated at Yale College in
1737 ; was a successful merchant in New York city ;
was an Alderman for four years ; served several years
in the State Legislature, and corresponded with Ed-
mond Burke on commercial matters ; was President
of the Provincial Congress in 1775 ; with Lee and Jay
was appointed to memorialize the British Govern-
ment ; was a Delegate to Congress from 1774 to 1778 ;
was a signer of the Declaration of Independence ;
subsequently served in the Senate of New York, and
died June 12, 1778. He was noted for his rare busi-
ness capacity and his benevolence, and was the found-
er of the Professorship of Divinity in Yale College ;
was also one of the founders of the Society Library ;
and aided in establishing Columbia College ; and his
son, Henry Philip, was a member of Washington's
family.
Livingston, Robert Le Roy, — He graduated
at Princeton College in 1784 ; was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from the Sixth Congressional
District of New York from 1809 to 1813, but resigned
in 1812, when he was succeeded by T. P. Grosvenor ;
he was then appointed by President Madison Lieuten-
ant-Colonel of Infantry.
Livingston, Robert R, — He was born in New
York, November 27, 1747 ; graduated at King's Col-
lege in 1765 ; studied law, and was appointed Recor-
der of the city of New York, which office he resigned
at the beginning of the Revolution. In 1775 he was
elected to the Assembly from Duchess County, and
the same year was sent as a Delegate to the Continen-
tal Congress, serving till 1777, and was a member of
the Committee for draughting the Declaration of Inde-
gendence. He was also a Delegate from 1779 to 1781,
and, in the latter year, was appointed Secretary for
Foreign Affairs. On his resignation he received the
thanks of Congress. He was appointed Chancellor of
New York under the New Constitution, and filled that
situation till 1801. In 1788 he was Chairman of the
State Convention which adopted the Federal Consti-
tution. In 1794 he declined the appointment of Min-
ister to France, offered by Washington. In 1801 he
accepted that office and proceeded to Paris. After
the close of his mission Napoleon presented him with
a snuff-box, containing a miniature of himself, by Isa-
bey. With the assistance of Munroe he made the
purchase of Louisiana. In Paris he formed an inti-
macy with Robert Fulton, and was instrumental in the
introduction of steam navigation into the United
States. Introduced merino sheep and gypsum into
New York ; was President of an Agricultural Society
and of the Academy of Fine Arts ; published an ora-
tion delivered before the Cincinnati Society in 1787,
and other essays. Died in 1813, aged sixty-six
years.
Livingston 9 Van Rrngh, — He was a citizen of
New York, and in 1848 he was appointed Minister
Resident to Ecuador, but only remained there about
one year.
Livingston, Walter, — He was a Delegate from
New York to the Continental Congress in 1784 and
1785.
Livingston, Williatn, — Born in Albany, New
York, November 30, 1723 ; graduated at Yale College
in 1741 ; was a lawyer by profession, and became an
eminent member of the bar of New York and New
Jersey. From 1752 to 1758 he published several
works on law and politics ; in 1758 he was elected a
member of the Assembly. He purchased a tract of
land in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, built a house
called " Liberty Hall," and removed there in 1773'
where he resided during the remainder of his life. He
was elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress
in 1774 ; re-elected in 1775 and served on the most im-
portant Committees ; was recalled June 5, to com-
mand, as Brigadier-General, the State Militia ; and
succeeded William Franklin (deposed) as Governor
in 1776 and held it the rest of his life. He was called
by the British, the "Don Quixote of the Jerseys ; "
from having so frequently escaped their attempts to
kidnap him. In 1787 he was a Delegate to the Con-
stitutional Convention and refused the commission to
superintend the Federal buildings ; and as Minister
to Holland. He was the author of a poem called
"Philosophical Solitude," and a variety of Political
and other tracts. He died in Elizabeth, New Jersey,
July 25, 1790.
Lloyd, Edivard, — He was Governor of Mary-
land from 1809 to 1811; was a Presidential Elector
in 1812 ; a Delegate to the Continental Congress in
1783 and 1784 ; a member of Congress from 1806 to
1809 ; and served as United States Senator from
Maryland from 1819 to 1826 when he resigned. He
was highly respected both in public and private life.
He died June 2, 1834.
Lloyd, fTanies,—B^e was a Senator in Congress
from Maryland from 1797 to 1800 when he resigned.
Lloyd, James, — He was born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, in 1769 ; graduated at Harvard University
202
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
iu 1787 ; and devoted himself to mercantile pursuits,
and resided in Russia a number of years. He de-
voted some attention to literature ; was elected a
member of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences ; and received from Ms Alma Mater, in 1826,
the degree of Doctor of Laws. He was a Senator in
Congress from Massachusetts from 1808 to 1813, when
he resigned, and again from 1822 to 1826, serving as
Chairman of the Committees on Commerce and Naval
Affairs. His reputation was that of an able states-
man, and a wealthy and benevolent man. He died
in New York city, April 5, 1831.
Loan,, JBeiiJaniin F, — Born in Hardinsburg,
Breckinridge County, Kentucky, in 1819 ; settled in
Missouri in 1838, and adopted the legal profession.
When the Rebellion broke out in 1861, he took an
active part in military affairs, and was appointed a
Brigadier-General ; and in 1862 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs.
Was subsequently reported against by the Committee
on Elections, but the action of the Committee was
not sustained by the House, and he retained his seat.
Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on
the Committees on the Pacific Railroad, and Freed-
men, and Debts of the Loyal States. Re-elected to
the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, and on that on
Freedmen's Affairs. In 1869 he was appointed a Visi-
tor to West Point,
Locke, Francis, — Born in Rowan County, North
Carolina, October 31, 1766. He was elected Judge of
the Superior Court in 1803, and having resigned was
chosen a Senator in Congress for the years 1814 and
1815 from his native State, but appears not to have
taken his seat. In 1809 he was also a Presidential
Elector. Died January, 1823.
JjOcIxC, tf antes JF. — He was born in Wilming-
ton, Vermont, October 30, 1837 ; received a common -
school education ; studied law ; was in the Naval
Service during the War for the Union ; after the war
he practiced his profession at Key West ; in 1866 he
was appointed Clerk of the United States Court for
Southern Florida ; in 1868 he became Judge of Mon-
roe County ; served in the State Senate in 1870 and
1871 ; and in 1872 was appointed United States Judge
for the Southern District of Florida.
LockCf tTohn. — He was born in Hopkinton, Mas-
sachusetts, in 1764 ; graduated at Cambridge in 1792 ;
was admitted to the bar in 1796, and opened an office
in Ashbv. He represented that toAvn in the Legisla-
ture in 1804, 1805, 1813, and 1823. In 1820 he was a
member of the " Constitutional Convention " of the
State ; and from 1823 to 1829 was a Representative in
Congress from the Worcester North District. In 1830
he was a State Senator from Middlesex County ; and
in 1831 was a member of the Executive Council. He
removed to Lowell in 1837, and thence, in 1849, to
Boston, where he died, March 29, 1855.
Locke, Matthew, — Born in Rowan County,
North Carolina, 1730, and died in 1801. He was a
member of the Congress at Halifax, in 1776, which
formed the Constitution of North Carolina, and was a
Representative in the Congress of the United States
from 1793 to 1799. He also served in the Legisla-
ture, and had four sons at one time in the Revolu-
tionary War.
Locke, Poivhattan jB. — He was bom in Ken-
tucky and removed to Missouri, and was appointed a
Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of
Nevada, residing at Carson City.
Lockhart, James, — He was born in Auburn,
New York, February 13, 1806 ; removed to Indiana
in 1832 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1834 ;
in 1841 and 1842 was elected Prosecuting Attorney ;
from 1845 to 1851 he was Judge of the Foui'th Judi-
cial District when he resigned ; and was a member of
the " State Constitutional Convention" of 1850. He
was elected a Representative in Congress from In-
diana from 1851 to 1853. Died at Evansville, Indiana,
September 7, 1857.
Lockivood, Henry A, — He was appointed Com-
missioner of Customs in December, 1875.
Lockivood, William F, — He was born in Con-
necticut, and having moved to Nebraska he was ap-
pointed an Associate Justice of that Territory, residing
at Dakota City.
Logan , Cornelius A, — He was a citizen of
Kansas and in 1873 was appointed Minister Plenipo-
tentiary to Chili, and was still in office in 1875.
Logan, George, — Born at Stanton, near Phila-
delphia, September 9, 1753. He was educated at
Edinburgh for the medical profession, but devoted a
great portion of his time to agriculture, and was a
member of the Legislature of Pennsylvania. In 1798
he embarked for Europe for the sole purpose of pre-
venting a war betwen America and France, and pre-
pared the way for a negotiation which terminated in
peace. He was a Senator of the United States from
1801 to 1807. He went to England in February, 1810,
on the same peaceful message which led him to
France, but not with the same success. He was an
active member of the Philosophical Society and the
State Board of Agriculture ; and in 1797 published
" Experiments on Gypsum " and " Rotation of Crops."
He died at Stanton, April 9, 1821.
Logan, Henry, — He was bom in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1835 to 1839.
Logan, John A, — Born in Jackson County,
Illinois ; received a common-school education ; went
with the army as a private in the war with Mexico,
and was made Quartermaster of his regiment ; in
1849 was elected County Clerk of Jackson County,
but resigned ; in 1850 studied law, and came to the
bar in 1852, having graduated at the Louisville
University ; in 1852 was elected to the Illinois Legis-
lature ; in 1853 was appointed a Prosecuting Attorney;
in 1856 a Presidential Elector ; a second time elected
to the Legislature ; and in 1858 was elected a Repre-
sentative from Illinois to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on Unfinished
Business ; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress,
and, resigning, served as a Colonel in the Union
army in 1861, and subsequently as a Major-General,
having commanded with distinction the army of Ten-
nessee, In November, 1865, he was appointed by
President Johnson Minister to the Republic of Mexico,
but declined. He was a Delegate to the " Soldiers'
Convention" held in Pittsburg, in 1866, of the
Chicago Convention of 1868 ; and was re-elected to
the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Ordnance, and on
those on Retrenchment, and Ways and Means, and
was one of the Managers in the Impeachment trial of
President Andrew Johnson, In 1871 he took his seat
in the United States Senate for the term ending in
1877, serving on the Committee on Elections, and
Chairman of that on Military Affairs,
Logan, William, — He was born in Harrods-
burg, Kentucky, December 8, 1776 ; was a member
of the "State Constitutional Convention" in 1799;
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
263
studied law, and practiced with success ; was frequent-
ly in the Legislature, and officiated as Speaker ; was
twice chosen Judge of the Court of Appeals ; was a
Senator in Congress during the years 1819 and 1820 ;
and died August 8, 1822. He was the first white
child born in Kentucky. His father, Benjamin, was
a distinguished General and Pioneer.
Loflandf Jatnes i?. — He was born in Milford,
Delaware, November 2, 1823 ; graduated at Delaware
College in 1845 ; admitted to the bar in 1849 ; was
Secretary of the State Senate in 1849 ; a member of
the Convention to revise the State Constitution in
1853 ; Secretary of State in 1855 and 1859 ; appointed
a paymaster in the army in 1863, and resigned in
1867 ; and was elected to the Forty-third Congress,
serving on the Committee on the District of Colum-
bia,
Lonfff Alexander, — He was born in Greenville,
Mercer County, Pennsylvania, December 24, 1816 ;
was educated at Cary's Academy (now Farmer's Col-
lege), Ohio ; adopted the profession of law, practicing
in Cincinnati ; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in
1848 and 1849, and in 1862 was elected a Representa-
tive from Ohio, to the Thirty-eight Congress, serving
on the Committee on Claims. He was also a Dele-
gate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864.
Long, Edward H, — He was born in Maryland
in 1808 ; graduated at Yale College ; adopted and
practiced the profession of law ; served a number of
years in the Maryland Legislature ; was a Represent-
ative in Congress from Maryland from 1845 to 1847 ;
and died in Somerset, Maryland, in October, 1865.
He was reputed a man of ability, and at one time was
a candidate for the United States Senate.
Long, John. — Born in Loudon County, Virginia;
was a farmer by profession ; entered public life as a
Senator in the Assembly, in 1815, and in 1821 was
elected to Congress, as a Representative from North
Carolina, where he remained until 1829.
Longf Pierce, — He was a Delegate from New
Hampshire to the Continental Congress from 1784 to
1786.
Long, Stephen Harriman, — Was born in
Hopkinton, New Hampshire, December 30, 1784 ;
graduated at Dartmouth College in 1809 ; entered the
Engineer Corps in 1814 ; and was Assistant Professor
of Mathematics at West Point from 1815 to 1816 ;
had charge of explorations between the Mississippi
and the Rocky Mountains from 1818 to 1823 ; of the
sources of the Mississippi from 1823 to 1824 ; Survey-
or of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from 1827 to 1830 ;
and improvement of Western Rivers and Lake
harbors at different times. In 1826 he was made
Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel of Topographical En-
gineers ; Major in 1838 ; Colonel in 1861 ; Colonel of
Corps of Engineers in 1863 ; and retired in that year.
An account of his first Expedition to the Rocky
Mountains was published in 1823 ; and an account
of his second Expedition in 1824. His Railroad
Manual, in 1829, was the first original treatise of the
kind published in America. He was a member of the
American Philosophical Society. "Long's Peak,"
one of the highest points of the Rocky Mountains,
was named for him. He died at Alton, Illinois, Sep-
tember 4, 1864.
LongfellotVf Stephen, — He was born in Gor-
ham, Massachusetts, June 23, 1775 ; graduated at
Harvard University in 1798 ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1801 ; was for many years a
leading politician and lawyer in Maine ; was a Presi-
dential Elector in 1797 ; and a member of the " Hart-
ford Convention " in 1814, of which body, at the time
of his death, he was the only surviving Delegate from
Massachusetts. From 1817 to 1836 he was a member
of the Corporation of Bowdoin College, from which
institution he received the degree of LL.D. ; he was
also a member of the ' ' State Constitutional Conven-
tion " of 1819 ; a Representative in the Maine Legis-
lature in 1826 ; and a Representative in Congress
from Maine from 1823 to 1825 ; and died at Portland,
August 2, 1849. He was the father of the distin-
guished poet Longfellow.
Longneelxery Hewry C, — Born in Allen Town-
ship, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, April 17,
1825 ; was educated at the Wilbraham Academy,
Massachusetts, the Norwich Military University of
Vermont, and Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, where
he graduated ; adopted the profession of law ; served
as a Lieutenant and Adjutant in the war with Mexico;
and on his return was elected District Attorney of
Lehigh County ; was a member in 1851 of a Demo-
cratic Convention for Nominating State Judges ; and
also in 1854 of another Convention for Nominating
State Officers ; and he was elected a Representative
from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committee on Military
Affairs. As Colonel of the Ninth Pennsylvania
Infantry, he commanded a brigade in Western Vir-
ginia at the commencement of the Rebellion in 1861,
and he subsequently commanded a Brigade of Militia
at the Battle of Antietam, and in 1867 was appointed
an Associate Judge of Lehigh County. Died Septem-
ber 18, 1871.
jLongyear, John W, — He was born in Shan-
daken, Ulster County, New York, October 22, 1820 ;
received a good academic education ; removed to
Michigan in 1844 ; studied law, and came to the bar
in 1846 ; and was elected a Representative from
Michigan to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on
the Committee on Commerce, and as Chairman of the
Committee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings.
Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on
the same committees. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and
in 1870 became a Judge of the District Court of
Michigan.
LooJceVf Othniel, — Born on Long Island, New
York, October 4, 1757 ; began life as a weaver, and
by his own exertions received a liberal education ;
served five years in the Revolutionary army ; also in
both branches of the New York Legislature ; in 1804
he removed to Ohio, where he served for many years
in the State Senate ; in 1814 he became Governor by
virtue of his office as Speaker of the Senate ; was for
seven years a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ;
and he died in Palestine, Illinois, April 5, 1845.
LoomiSf Arphaocad. — He was for three years
a member of the Legislature of New York, from
Herkimer County, and a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1837 to 1839.
LoomiSf Divight, — Born in Columbia, Tolland
County, Connecticut, July 27, 1821 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; spent the most of his youth on
a farm ; and taught school for about one year ; com-
menced the study of law in 1844, and having finished
his legal studies at New Haven, was admitted to the
bar in 1847 ; after which time he has practiced his
profession at Rockville, Connecticut. In 1851 he
was elected to the Connecticut Legislature ; was a
Delegate in 1856 to the "People's Convention" in
Philadelphia ; was a State Senator in 1857 ; and was
elected a Representative from Connecticut to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Mileage. Re-elected to the Thirty-
264
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on
Elections and on Agriculture ; and he was subse-
quently placed upon the bench of the Supreme Court
of Connecticut.
Lordf Frederick W, — Bom in Lyme, Con-
necticut, December 11, 1800 ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1831 ; was for two years Professor of Mathe-
matics in Washington College : had charge for three
years of an academy in the city of Baltimore ; de-
voted himself in Baltimore, for several years, to the
study of medicine, and received a diploma from Yale
College, in 1829 ; spent fifteen years in the practice
of his profession at Sag Harbor, New York, when he
retired ; and was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1847 to 1849. He was also a Delegate
to the Baltimore " National Convention" for nomi-
nating President in 1840. Died at New York, May
24, 1860.
Lord, Scott. — Born in Nelson, Madison County,
New York, December 11, 1820 ; received an academic
education and adopted the profession of law. He
held the offices of Judge and Surrogate in Utica ;
practiced his profession with Roscoe Conkling as his
partner, and in 1874 he was elected a Representative
from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Lorittg, Edward G. — He was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, in 1802 ; graduated at Harvard Col-
lege in 1821 ; adopted the profession of law, which
he practiced in his native city ; was a Lecturer on
Law at Harvard College for several years ; and in
1858 he was appointed a Judge of the Court of Claims
in Washington.
Loiighridgef William. — Was born in Youngs-
town, Mahoning County, Ohio, July 11, 1827; re-
ceived a common-school education ; studied law, and
came to the bar at the age of twenty-two years, and
on removing to Iowa, in 1852, he was elected a
member of the State Senate from 1856 to 1860. In
1861 he was chosen Judge of the Sixth Judicial Dis-
trict of Iowa, to serve until January, 1867 ; and in
1866 he was elected a Representative from Iowa to the
Fortieth Congress ; serving on the Committees on
Private Land Claims, Agriculture, and Education in
the District of Columbia. Re-elected to the two suc-
ceeding Congresses, and also the Forty-third, serving
on the Committees on Appropriations and the Judi-
ciary.
LovCf tTaines. — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Kentucky from 1833 to 1835.
Love, tf antes 31. — He was bom in Virginia ; re-
moved to Iowa, and settled in Keokuk ; and in 1856
he was appointed United States Judge for the District
of Iowa.
TjOVC^ Jolin. — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Virginia from 1807 to 1811.
JLovCf Peter E. — Born near Dublin, Laurens
County, Georgia, July 7, 1818 ; was educated at
Franklin College ; studied medicine and attended
medical lectures in Philadelphia ; relinquished that
profession, and turned his attention to law, having
been admitted to the bar in 1839 ; in 1843 he was
chosen Solicitor-General for the Southern District of
Georgia ; in 1849 he was elected to the State Senate ;
in 1853 he was appointed a Judge for the Southern
Circuit of Georgia ; and was elected a Representa-
tive from Georgia to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committee on Expenses in the State De-
partment, and the Special Committee of Thirty-three
on the Rebellious States.
Love, Thomas C* — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1835 to 1837. He was
Judge of Erie County in 1828 ; District Attorney for
said County from 1829 to 1836 ; Surrogate from 1841
to 1845 ; and died at Buffalo, September 17, 1853.
LovCf IVilliatn C, — Born in Virginia ; educated
at the University of North Carolina, of which his
father was steward ; was a lawyer by profession, and
a Representative in Congress from North Carolina
from 1815 to 1817.
Lovejoy, Owen. — He was born in Albion, Ken-
nebec County, Maine, January 6, 1811 ; labored on a
farm until eighteen years of age ; taught school, and
thereby acquired the means for a college education,
which he received at Bowdoin. He was a clergyman
of the Congregational Church at Princeton, Illinois,
from 1838 to 1854, having resigned his pastoral duties
to take a seat in the Illinois Legislature, in that year ;
and in 1856 he was elected a Representative from that
State to the Thirty-fifth Congress ; re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, and the Thirty-eighth
Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revolu-
tionary Claims, Public Lands, and as Chairman of the
Committees on Agriculture and for the District of
Columbia, was also a member of the Committee on
the Territories. Died in Brooklyn, New York, March
25, 1864.
Lovellf James, — Born in Boston, Massachusetts ;
graduated at Harvard College in 1756, and was for
many years associated with his father as teacher of
the Latin School. In 1760 he published "Oratioin
Funero Thyntii." During the Revolution he was a
firm Whig, devoted to the cause of liberty, and was
imprisoned by General Gage ; he was carried a pris-
oner by the British troops to Halifax, where he was
for a long time kept in close confinement. After his
return to Boston, he was a Delegate to the Continen-
tal Congress from 1776 to 1782, and was a member of
the Committee on Foreign Correspondence. He also
signed the Articles of Confederation. In 1786 he was
Collector of Customs for Boston, and was subse-
quently Naval Officer for Boston and Charlestown, in
which station he remained until his death. He died
in 1814, aged seventy-six years.
Eovell, Louis S. — He was born in Grafton,
Windham County, Vermont, November 15, 1816 ;
after due preparation he entered Middlebury College,
where he graduated in 1832 ; and then he went South
and taught school until 1838. He then read law in
Springfield, Vermont, and also in New York city,
and removed to the West in 1841, locating himself
in Ionia, Michigan. He was admitted to the bar in
1842 ; and in 1849 he was appointed by President
Taylor Register of the General Land Office at Ionia.,
which he held until the accession of President Pierce.
In 1857 he was elected Circuit Judge of the Eighth
Judicial Circuit of Michigan for six years ; re-elected
in 1863 for a second 'term ; and in 1869 was re-elected
for a third term, the party opposed to him declining
to make any nomination. Although earnestly devo-
ted to his judicial duties, he found time to partici-
pate in the local affairs of his town, and was Vice
President of the First National Bank of Ionia, where
he resides.
Lovettf John, — He was bom in Norwich, Con-
necticut ; graduated at Yale College, and was a mem-
ber of the New York Assembly in 1800 and 1801, and
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1813 to 1814, and from 1815 to 1817. He died in
1818, in Ohio.
Low, Frederick F, — He was a Representative
from California to the Thirty-seventh Congress, tak-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
2C5
ing his seat during the second session thereof ; and
he was Governor of California from 1863 to 1865.
In September, 1869 he was appointed Minister to
China, and was in office in 1875. In 1871 he was em-
powered to negotiate with Corea.
LoiVf Isaac, — He was a merchant of New York;
at first a prominent Whig, and afterwards a loyalist
refugee ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress
in 1774 and 1775 ; a member of the Committee of
Correspondence ; member of the New York Provin-
cial Congress in 1775, but was arrested in 1776 on
suspicion of holding correspondence with the enemy.
In 1782 he was President of the New York Chamber
of Commerce. He was attainted of treason, his prop-
erty confiscated, and he went to England, where he
died in 1791.
Loive^ David jP. — He was born in Oneida
County, New York, August 22, 1823 ; graduated at
the Cincinnati College in 1851 ; practiced law until
1861 ; removed to Kansas ; was a member of the
State Senate of Kansas in 1863 and 1864 ; Judge of
the Sixth Judicial District Court of Kansas from
1867 to 1871 ; and was elected to the Forty-second
and Forty-third Congresses, serving as Chairman of
the Committee on Mines and Mining.
Loive, Enoch L, — He was born in Maryland,
and in 1851 was elected Governor of that State, serv-
ing in the position until 1854.
Loive, Ralph JP, — He was Governor of Iowa
from 1858 to 1860.
Lowell, John, — Born in Newburyport, Massa-
chusetts, in 1744 ; graduated at Harvard College in
1760, and settled in Boston as a lawyer. He was a
Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1782 to
1783, and was a member of the Convention which
framed the Constitution of Massachusetts. He was
appointed Judge of the District Court, for the Massa-
chusetts District, by Washington, in 1789 ; and in
1801 was appointed Chief Justice of the First Circuit.
He was a member of the Corporation of Harvard Col-
lege for eighteen years, and received the degree of
LL.D. from that institution. He was one of the
founders of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, and in 1791 he delivered a eulogy on their
late President, James Bowdoin. He wrote an English
Poem, No. 3, in the " Pietas," printed at Cambridge.
He died May 10, 1802.
Loivell, John. — He was born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, October 18, 1824 ; graduated at Harvard
College in 1843, and at the Law School in 1845 ; ad-
mitted to the iDar in 1846 ; and in 1865 he was ap-
pointed United States District Judge for the District
of Massachusetts.
Lowell, Joshua A, — He was born in Thomas-
ton, Maine, March 20, 1801 ; his educational advan-
tages were limited, but he commenced active life by
teaching school ; he adopted the profession of law,
having come to the bar in 1826 ; was a member of
the Maine Legislature in 1832, 1833, 1835, and 1837 ;
and a Representative in Congress from Maine from
1839 to 1843. He was also a Presidential Elector in
1844. Died in Machias, Maine, March 13, 1874.
Lower, Christian, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1805 to 1807.
Lo^vndes^ Lloyd, Jr,, — He was born in
Clarksburg, West Virginia, February 21, 1845 ; gra-
duated at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylva-
nia, in 1865 ; attended law lectures at the University
of Pennsylvania ; was admitted to practice in 1867 ;
removed to Cumberland ; was elected to the Forty-
third Congress from Maryland, serving on the Com-
mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds.
Lowndes, Thomas, — He was born in Charles-
ton, South Carolina, in 1765 ; received a thorough
education, and was one of the enterprising citizens of
his native city. He was a Representative in Con-
gress from South Carolina from 1801 to 1805, and
was distinguished for his talents. He died in Char-
leston, July 8, 1843. His father, Rawlins Lowndes,
was distinguished for his hostility to the Federal Con-
stitution.
Loivndes, William, — Was a native of Charles-
ton, South Carolina, having been born February 7,
1782 ; educated by a private tutor ; served in the
State Legislature in 1806 and 1808 ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from that State from 1811 to
1822, when, from ill-health, he resigned. In 1818 he
was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means.
He died while on a voyage, with his family, from
Philadelphia to London, in the ship Moss, October 27,
1822, aged forty-two years. He had a memory of
uncommon power, was an eloquent debater, and
stood in the first rank of American statesmen.
Henry Clay once expressed the opinion that he was
the wisest man he had ever known in Congress.
Lowrie, Walter, — He was born in 1785, and
was a Senator in Congress from Pennsylvania from
1819 to 1825. He was afterwards Secretary of the
United States Senate from 1825 to 1836 ; was subse-
quently appointed Secretary of the Board of Foreign
Missions, which position he held for thirty years, and
died in New York, January 14, 1863. He Avas a man
of rare ability, and eminent for his devotion to the
cause of Foreign Missions.
Loivrie, Walter H, — In 1851 he was elected
one of the Puisne Judges of Pennsylvania ; and in
1857 he was made a Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania.
Loyally George, — Born in Norfork, Virginia,
May 29, 1789 ; graduated at William aud Mary Col-
lege in 1808. In 1815 he visited England, and on his
return, in 1817, was elected a member of the House
of Delegates of Virginia, and served ten years. In
1829 was a member of the Convention to amend the
State Convention, and from 1831 to 1837 he was a.
Representative in Congress. In 1837 he was ap-
pointed Navy Agent at Norfolk, and, with the excep-
tion of two years, he occupied that position until the
breaking out of the Rebellion.
LubbecJc, F, JR, — He was Governor of Texas
from 1861 to 1865.
Lucas, Edward, — He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1833 to 1837. He was subsequently appointed
Government Superintendent at Harper's Ferry, where
he died March 4, 1858.
Lucas, John JB, C — ^He was born in Normandy,
France, in 1762 ; was educated at the University of
Caen, where he graduated as Doctor of Civil and Com-
mon Law in 1782. He practiced his profession in his
native country two years, and then emigrated to the
United States, and settled on a farm near Pittsburg,
Pennsylvania, where, in connection with agricultural
pursuits, he devoted himself to acquiring the English
language, and making himself acquainted with the
history. Constitution, and laws of his adopted coun-
try. He soon gained the confidence of the people,
and in 1792 was elected to the Legislature of Penn-
sylvania, and served as a Judge of the Court of Com-
2GG
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
mon Pleas for tliis District. In 1802 he was elected
a Representative in Congress, and re-elected in 1804,
In 1805 he was appointed by President Jefferson
Judge of the United States Court in Upper Louisiana,
when he resigned his seat in Congress, and removed
to St. Louis. He was also Commissioner of Land
Titles in that Territory. He held the office of Judge
until 1820, when he retired to private life, on a farm
adjoining the city of St. Louis, where he died in Sep-
tember, 1842.
LucaSf Itobert, — Born at Shepherdstown, Vir-
ginia, April 1, 1781. His father, a Captain in the Revo-
lutionary Army, was descended from William Penn ;
removed to Ohio in 1800. He was Major-General of
Militia ; appointed Captain of the Nineteenth United
States Infantry, March 14, 1812 ; Lieutenant-Colonel,
February 20, 1813; resigned June 30, 1813 ; was
Brigadier-General of Ohio Militia in defense of the
frontier in 1813 ; member of the Ohio Legislature in
1814 ; President of the Democratic National Conven-
tion, May, 1832 ; was Governor of Ohio from 1832 to
1836 ; and first Territorial Governor of Iowa from
1838 to 1841. He was a prominent Free Mason. Died
at Iowa City, February 7, 1853.
LticaSf William, — He was born in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1839 to 1841, and for a second term from 1843 to
1845.
Ltimpkin, Joliyi H, — He was born in Ogle-
thorpe County, Georgia, June 13, 1812 ; he was edu-
cated at Franklin and Yale Colleges ; served for a
time as Secretary in the Executive Department of
Georgia ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1834 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1853 ;
in 1838 he was Solicitor-General of the Cherokee Cir-
cuit ; and he was a Representative in Congress from
Georgia from 1843 to 1849, and re-elected to the
Thirty-fourth Congress. He also held the office, for
three years, of Judge of the Cherokee Circuit Court,
and that of Judge of the Supreme Court of the State.
Died in Rome, Georgia, in 1860.
LutnpkiHf Wilson, — Born in Pittsylvania Coun-
ty, Virginia, January 14, 1783. He received a com-
mon-school education, and while engaged as a copy-
ing-clerk, in his father's office, studied law. Soon
after attaining the age of twenty-one, he was sent to
the State Legislature, and continued in that capacity
a number of years. He was twice elected Governor
of Georgia. In 1823 he was appointed by President
Monroe to mark out the boundary line between Geor-
gia and Florida ; and by President Jackson, was ap-
pointed a Commissioner under the Cherokee treaty
of 1835. He was also a member of the Board of Pub-
lic Works. He served in the Federal House of Rep-
resentatives from 1815 to 1817, and from 1827 to 1831 ;
and was a Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1841.
Luttrellf John K. — Was born in Knox County,
Tennessee, June 27, 1831 ; resided in California
twenty-two years ; was self-educated ; studied and
practiced law ; was elected to the Legislature of Cali-
fornia in 1863, 1865, and 1871 ; and was elected to the
Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on
Public Expenditures and Civil Service ; and also re-
elected to the Forty-fourth Congress.
LylCf Aaron* — He was a soldier in the Revolu-
tion, and a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl-
vania from 1809 to 1817. Died September 24, 1825.
Lyman, Joseph S, — He was born in Hampden,
Massachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1819 to 1821.
Li/matif Samuel, — He was a graduate of Yale
College in 1770 ; a Representative in Congress from
Massachusetts from 1795 to 1800, when he resigned.
From 1786 to 1788 he served in the Legislature, and
from 1790 to 1793 as State Senator. Died in 1802.
Li/maUf William, — A native of Northampton,
Massachusetts ; graduate at Yale College in 1776, and
was Brigadier-General of Militia, He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from 1793 to 1797 ; and was ap-
pointed Consul to London in 1805, where he died, Oc-
tober, 1811, aged about fifty-eight years. He was
also a member of the Legislature in 1787, and a State
Senator in 1789.
Lynch, Charles, — He was Governor of Missis-
sippi from 1835 to 1837, and died near Natchez, Febru-
ary 16, 1853. His uncle John was the founder of
Lynchburg, in Virginia ; and his lather, bearing his
own name, was a distinguished officer in the Revolu-
tionary war. The term " Lynch Law," was occasioned
by his apprehending and punishing without legal
ceremony or delay a lawless band of desperadoes and
Tories who had infested the country where he had
command.
Lynch, John, — He was born in Portland, Maine,
February 15, 1825 ; educated in the public schools of
that city ; adopted the business of a merchant ;
served two terms in the State Legislature, and was
elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-
ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Bank-
ing and Currency, and the Bankrupt Law. Re-elected
to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on
the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads, and
Chairman of Navy Department and Banking and Cur-
rency Committees.
Lynch, John II, — He was born in Concordia
Parish, Louisiana, September 10, 1847 ; was a slave,
and remained in slavery until emancipated by the Re-
bellion ; a purchaser of his mother carried her with
her children to Natchez, where he attended evening
school for a few months, and by private study he ac-
quired a good English education ; engaged in the
business of Photography at Natchez until 1869, when
he was appointed a Justice of the Peace ; he was
elected to the State Legislature from Adams County
in 1870, and re-elected in 1871, serving the last teiTQ
as Speaker of the House ; and was elected to the For-
ty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on
Mines and Mining, and Interior Department. Also
re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Lynch, Thomas, — He was a Delegate from
South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1774
to 1776, and was succeeded by his son, bearing the
same name, who signed the Declaration of Independ-
ence. He had also been a Delegate to the Colonial
Congress in 1765.
Lynch, Thomas, Jr, — He was born on the
North Santee River, Parish of Prince George, South
Carolina, August 5, 1749 ; was educated at Eton,
England, and entered at Cambridge and finished
his legal studies in the Temple ; he returned home
determined to strike for liberty ; in 1775 he was com-
missioned a Captain in the Militia service ; in 1776 he
was elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress to
succeed his father in that capacity, and he was a
signer of the Declaration of Independence. In 1779
he sailed for Europe for the benefit of his health, and
the vessel in which he embarked was never seen after
her departure from port.
Lynde, William Pitt, — Born in Sherburne,
Chenango County, New York, December 16, 1817 ;
graduated at Yale College in 1838 ; emigrated to
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
267
Wisconsin in 1841, and settled at Milwaukee in 1841 ;
in 1844 was Attorney-General of the Territory ; in
1845 was appointed United States District-Attorney of
Wisconsin, and lield the position until the admission
of the State ; in 1848 was elected a Representative to
Congress ; in 1860 was elected Mayor of Milwaukee ;
was a member of the Assembly in 1866, and elected a
State Senator in 1868. In 1874 was elected a Repre-
sentative to the Forty -fourth Congress.
Lyndon^ Josiah, — Born in Newport, Rhode
Island, March 10, 1721 ; was Governor of the State
in 1768. Died at Warren, March 30, 1778.
Lyoilf Asa, — Was born in Pomfret, Connecticut,
December 81, 1763 ; a graduate of Dartmouth College
in 1791, and shortly after his graduation removed to
South Hero, Vermont. He was appointed Chief
Judge of Grand Isle County, in 1805, serving as such
for nine years. He was elected a Representative
from South Hero in 1800, 1802, 1804, 1805, 1806, and
1808, and from Grand Isle in 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813,
and 1814. He was a member of the Executive Coun-
cil in 1808 ; and was elected a member of Congress
from 1815 to 1817. He was a member of the Corpora-
tion of the University of Vermont from 1814 to 1821
inclusive. He is said to have been a second cousin of
Robert Burns, the Scotch poet. He was for many
years, and until his death, an able preacher of the
Gospel. Although never regularly installed, he pre-
ferred the Calvinistic form of worship. He was dis-
tinguished for his ripe scholarship and eloquence.
By rigid economy and prudence he amassed wealth,
and died at South Hero, April 4, 1841. His published
sermons and patriotic addresses indicate a high order
of talent, and an intimate acquaintance with modern
and classic literature.
Lyon, Caleb, of Lyondale, — His grandfather,
who bore the same name, was a Lieutenant of the
Massachusetts Militia, and was wounded at Bunker
Hill ; and his father, also named Caleb, was a mem-
ber of the New York Legislature, and a friend of De
Witt Clinton. He was born at Lyondale, New York,
December 7, 1822 ; graduated afc the Norwich Uni-
versity of Vermont in 1841 ; traveled extensively in
Europe ; was appointed by President Polk Consul
at Shanghai, China ; on his return he visited Mexico,
Brazil, Chili, Peru, the Sandwich Islands, and Cali-
fornia, and was Secretary of the Convention called in
1849 to form a Constitution, and designed the coat of
arms for the Golden State. He made a second visit
to Europe, and extended his travels to Egypt and
the Holy Land, From his native State he was
elected to the Assembly, but on the question of en-
larging the Erie Canal, which he favored, he re-
signed, and was, during the same year, elected to the
State Senate ; and was subsequently elected a Repre-
sentative in the Thirty-third Congress from New
York. While in Europe he was identified with the
Koszta affair as the friend of Captain Duncan N.
Ingraham. The title of LL.D. was conferred upon
him by the Norwich University of Vermont. In
February, 1864, he was appointed by President Lin-
coln Governor of Idaho ; and, on his return to Wash-
ington in December, 1866, he was robbed on the rail-
way from New York of $47,000. Died on Staten
Island, September 8, 1875.
Lyon, Chittenden, — He was born in Vermont,
in 1786 ; removed to Kentucky in his fifteenth year ;
served in both Houses of the State Legislature ; and
was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky
from 1827 to 1835, and died in Caldwell County, Ken-
tucky, in November, 1842. He was the son of Mathew
Lyon,
Lyon, Francis S, — He was born in North Caro-
lina, and, having settled in Alabama, was elected a
Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1839.
Lyon, Lucius, — He was born in Vermont, but
emigrated to Michigan when quite a young man ; de-
voted himself for a number of years to the business
of surveying the wild lands of the Territory ; was
a Delegate to Congress from that Territory during
the years 1833, 1834, and 1835 ; and a Senator in
Congress from the State of Michigan from 1836 to
1840 ; and a Representative in Congress from 1843 to
1845. His last public position was that of Surveyor-
General in the Northwest. Died at Detroit, Septem-
ber 25, 1851.
Lyon, Matheiv, — He was born in Wicklow
County, Ireland, in 1746, and, having emigrated to
this country when thirteen years of age, participated
to some extent in the Revolutionary struggle, having,
in 1777, been appointed temporary Paymaster of the
Northern Army, and in 1778 Deputy Secretary of the
Governor of Vermont, and at the same time Clerk of
the Court of Confiscation. He settled in Vermont after
the War, and was elected a member of the State Leg-
islature in 1779 and the four following years. In
1783 he founded the town of Fairhaven, where he
built saw-mills, grist-mills, established a forge or
iron foundary, manufactured paper from basswood,
and established a newspaper called The Farmer's Li-
brary. He served that town in the Legislature ten
years. In 1786 he was Assistant Judge of Rutland
County. He was a Representative in Congress from
Vermont from 1797 to 1801, and it was during his
first term that he had a personal difficulty, on the
floor of Congress, with Roger Griswold, of Connecti-
cut, when an unsuccessful effort was made to have
him expelled. The fact of his giving the vote that
made J efferson President created a great sensation at
the time. At the end of his second term as a Repre-
sentative from Vermont, he removed to Kentucky ;
he established the first printing-press in that State,
transporting the type on horseback across the moun-
tains ; served two years in the Legislature of that
State, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1803 to 1811. After his final retire-
ment from Congress, and on November 13, 1811, the
Speaker of the House of Representatives presented a
petition from him, setting forth that he had, many
years before, been prosecuted and convicted under
the sedition law (see " State Trials of the United
States ") ; that he had suffered imprisonment, and
been made to pay the sum of one thousand and sixty
dollars and ninety cents, and that he vdshed to have
the money refunded to him. On July 4, 1840, a law
was passed, paying to his heirs the specified sum,
with interest, from February, 1790, It was while in
prison at Vergennes, that he was elected to Congress
from Vermont, and at the close of his services in Con-
gress, from Kentucky, he was employed to build gun-
boats for the war, but became bankrupt from the
speculation. In 1820 he was appointed a Factor
among the Cherokee Indians in Arkansas ; when that
Territory was organized he was elected the first Dele-
gate to Congress, but did not live to take his seat,
having died at Spadre Bluif, Arkansas, August 1,
1822, A sketch of his life was printed in 1858 by
Pliny H. White of Vermont.
Lyons, H, A, — He was an early emigrant to
California, and in 1851 was appointed Chief Justice
of the United States Court for that Territory, he and
the two Associate Justices each receiving a salary of
ten thousand dollars.
Lytic, Robert T. — He was distinguished as a
public speaker, and was a member of Congress from
Ohio from 1833 to 1835. He died in New Orleans,
December 21, 1839.
!G8
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
MacDonaldf Moses, — Born in Limerick, York
County, Maine, April 8, 1815 ; practiced law from
1837 to 1845 ; and was a member of tlie Maine Legis-
lature in 1841 and 1842. In 1845 he was Speaker of
the House. In 1847, 1848, and 1849 served as Treas-
urer of the State ; represented the First Congressional
District in the Thirtj-second and Thirty-third Con-
gresses, and in April, 1857, was appointed by Presi-
dent Buchanan Collector for the District of Portland
and Falmouth. Died in Saco, Maine, October 18,
1869.
MacDoiigallf Clinton 2>. — ^He was born in
Scotland, June 14, 1839 ; came to America in 1842
received an academic education, and studied law
was engaged in banking business from 1856 to 1869
raised a company of Volunteers in 1861 ; went to
Florida with his regiment ; made Lieutenant-Colonel
in 1862, and Colonel in 1863 ; commanded at Centre-
ville, Virginia, in 1863 ; joined the Army of the Po-
tomac, and commanded a Brigade at Gettysburg, un-
til the close of the war ; was brevetted Brigadier-Gen-
eral in 1864 ; returned home after the war to pursue
business ; was appointed Postmaster of the city of
Auburn in 1869 ; and elected to the Forty-third and
Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee
on Military Affairs.
JMLace, Daniel, — He was born in Pickaway
County, Ohio, September 5, 1811 ; received a limited
education, and worked on a farm until he became of
age ; and having read law in Indiana, entered upon
the practice ol the profession to which he was
long devoted, ©e was a member of the Indiana Leg-
islature in 1830^ Clerk of the House of Representa-
tives in 1837 ; served as United States Attorney for
Indiana during President Polk's administration ; was
a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1851
to 1855 as a Democrat, and from 1855 to 1857 as an
Independent Candidate, serving on the Committees on
the District of Columbia and as Chairman of the
Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. On re-
tiring from his profession he was appointed by Presi-
dent Lincoln Postmaster of Lafayette, Indiana. He
died by suicide at Lafayette, Indiana, July 26, 1867.
Wachen^ Willis B, — He was born in Caldwell
County, Kentucky, April 10, 1810 ; received an ordi-
nary education ; was a farmer ; a member of the Ken-
tucky Constitutional Convention of 1849 ; a Senator in
the State Legislature in 1854 ; and a member of the
Lower House in 1856 and 1860 ; was a member of
the Confederate Congress for three years ; and was
appointed a Senator in Congress from Kentucky for
the unexpired term of Garrett Davis, and served un-
til 1873. He served on the Committee on Claims.
machiVf tfaines, — ^He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1797 to 1799. Died June
25, 1827.
MacUey, Edfnund W, M, — Born in Charles-
ton, South Carolina ; received a good school educa-
tion, but was prevented by the Civil War from enter-
ing College, for which he was preparing ; studied
law and was admitted to practice in the Supreme
Court of the State in 1868 ; was appointed Assistant
Assessor of Internal Revenue in 1865 ; took a prom-
inent part in organizing the Republican party in the
State, and in carrying out the Reconstruction Acts ;
was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention
of 1867 ; was Sheriff of Charleston County for four
years ; in 1868 was elected Alderman of the city, and
re-elected in 1873 ; was a Delegate to the Philadel-
phia Convention of 1872 ; in 1873 was elected a mem-
ber of the State House of Representatives ; was editor
and proprietor of the Charleston Republican in 1871
and 1872 ; and was elected a Representative from
South Carolina to the Forty-fourth Congress.
MacTxet/f L, A, — Born in White Deer Township,
Union County, Pennsylvania, November, 1819 ; re-
ceived a good academical education ; graduated at
Union College, New York ; studied law at Dickinson
College, and went to the bar in 1840 ; removed to
Lock Haven and practiced his profession there ; in
1852 he was a member of the Whig Convention held
in Baltimore ; in 1870 he was elected Mayor at Lock
Haven ; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention
of 1872 ; and in 1874 he was elected a Representative
from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress.
He has taken special interest in the railroads and the
normal schools of his District,
MaclanaJiaUf James X. — He was born in
Antrim, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in 1809 ;
graduated at Dickinson College in 1826 ; he studied
law and settled in Chambersburg ; in 1841 he was
elected to the State Senate ; and in 1849 he was
elected to Congress ; re-elected in 1851 ; and was
Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary. Died
about the year 1864.
31aclaj/f Samuel, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1797, and
a Senator in Congress from 1803 to 1808, when he re-
signed.
Maclay, William, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1789 to 1791, and died
in April, 1804. In 1797 he was a Presidential Elec-
tor, and was one of those who voted for locating the
Seat of Government on the Potomac.
Maclayf William, — He was a native of Penn-
sylvania ; held the offices of County Commissioner
and Associate Judge ; was a member of the Assem-
bly ; and a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl-
vania from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1817 to
1819. Died January 4, 1825, aged fifty-nine years.
Maclay^ William B, — Born in New York city
in 1815 ; graduated at the University of New York,
where he subsequently officiated for a time as Pro-
fessor of Latin ; he was also a Trustee, as well as
Secretary of the University ; he adopted the profes-
sion of the law ; and in 1836 he was associate editor
of the New York Quarterly Magazine. He was
also an active member of the Legislature of New
York for several years, and was elected a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State in 1843 ; was re-
elected in 1845, 1847, and also in 1857, serving gen-
erally on important Committees. He was re-elected
a Representative to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; and
was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia * ' National
Union Convention " of 1866.
Maelay, William jP. — He was born in North-
umberland County, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1816 to
1821, having first entered Congress for the unexpired
term of Thomas Burnside.
Macon, WafJianiel, — He was born in Warren
County, North Carolina, in 1757. His early youth
was marked by diligence in the acquisition of knowl-
edge, and he was sent to Princeton College to com-
plete his education ; but the troubles of the Revolu-
tion closed the halls of that institution, and he re-
turned home and volunteered as a private in a com-
pany commanded by his brother, having refused a
higher position. While in the army he was elected
a member of the General Assembly, in which he
served for several years. In 1791 he was elected a
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
269
Representative in Congress, and continued a member
of that body until transferred to the United States
Senate in 1815, where he served until 1828. From
1801 to 1805 he veas Speaker of the House, and from
1825 to 1828 he was President pro tern, of the Senate.
He was for thirty-seven years a member of the House
or Senate, and was called the Father of the House,
having served a longer time in that body than any
other man. In 1828 his native State, in honor of his
services, named a county for him. He afterwards re-
turned to the General Assembly, and in 1835 was
President of the " Constitutional Convention " of the
State. He was also Presidential Elector in 1836.
Died suddenly at his residence, June 29, 1837.
Macveaghf Wayne. — He was a citizen of Penn-
sylvania, and from 1870 to 1871 he was Minister Res-
ident to Turkey.
Maci/f tfohn S, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Wisconsin from 1853 to 1855. He re-
sided at Fond du Lac, and was lost by the burning
of the steamboat Niagara on Lake Michigan.
Madison f George, — Born in Virginia in 1763 ;
removed to Kentucky at an early age, and when
seventeen served as a soldier on our western frontier,
and engaged in several battles with the Indians. He
commanded a Company, and was wounded under St.
Clair ; was lieutenant in the Kentucky Mounted
Volunteers under Major Adair ; wounded near Fort
St. Clair, November 6, 1792 ; Major in that regiment,
and was in the Battle at Frenchtown, January 18,
1813 ; and under Wilkinson at the River Raisin,
where he was taken prisoner. He was Auditor of
the Public Accounts for twenty years, and chosen
Governor of Kentucky for four years in 1816 ; but a
few weeks after his election died at Paris, Kentucky,
October 14, 1816.
WadisoUf flames, — He was born on the Rappa-
hannock River, in Virginia, March 16, 1751 ; and after
due preparation he entered Princeton College in 1769,
and graduated in 1771, going through the junior and
senior studies in one year. He remained at the col-
lege until 1772, for the purpose of studying Hebrew,
In 1776 he was sent to the General Assembly, and in
1778 was a member of the Executive Council ; from
1779 to 1785 he was a member of the Continental Con-
gress, and was chosen a second time in 1786 ; he was
a member of the " Convention at Philadelphia "
which formed the Federal Constitution, and signed
that instrument, and he was a Representative in Con-
gress from Virginia under the Constitution, from
1789 to 1797 ; and was one of those who voted for lo-
cating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. In
1798 he went again into the Assembly, and in 1800
was an Elector for President. In 1801 he was Secre-
tary of State of the United States, which office he
held until 1809, when he was elected President of the
United States, and served two entire terms. After
leaving the Executive Chair, he retired to private life
on his estate, known as Montpelier. He was subse-
quently a Visitor and Rector of the University of Vir-
ginia ; and in 1829 a member of the "State Conven-
tion," which was the last public position he held. He
was one of the contributors to the Federalist, and his
collected State papers and miscellaneous writings have
been published in several volumes ; his "Report of
the Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787 " hav-
ing been accepted as a political text-book of great
value. He died at Montpelier, Orange County, Vir-
ginia, June 28, 1836, and a work on his Life and
Times was published by William C. Rives in 1861.
JMagee, John, — ^He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1827 to 1831. Died at Watkins, New York,
April 5, 1868.
Magee, John A, — He was bom in Perry County,
Pennsylvania, October 14, 1827 ; worked in the City
of Washington as a journeyman ; has been for twenty
years the editor and proprietor of the Perry County
Democrat ; was a member of the Legislature in 1863 ;
a Delegate to the National Democratic Convention at
New York in 1868, and elected to the Forty-third Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Patents.
Magillf Charles. — He was appointed by Presi-
dent Adams on the last day of his term, in 1801,
United States Circuit Judge for the Fourth Circuit.
MaginniSf Martin, — Born in Wayne County,
New York, October 27, 1840 ; removed with his par-
ents to Minnesota ; was a student of Hamline Univer-
sity, but left to take charge of a newspaper ; enlisted
as a private in the Volunteer Infantry in 1861 ; was
made Second Lieutenant after the first battle of Bull
Run ; promoted to Captain in 1863 ; served in nearly
all the battles of the Army of the Potomac until 1864,
when he was appointed Major of the Eleventh Minne-
sota Volunteers, and ordered to join the Army of the
Cumberland, where he served until mustered out in
1865 ; removed to Montana the next year ; engaged in
mining, and in publishing and editing the Helena
Daily Gazette; and was elected to the Forty-third
Congress.
Magoffi7i, I>eriah, — He was Governor of Ken-
tucky from 1859 to 1861.
Magoon^ Henry S, — Born in the town of Mon-
ticello, Lafayette County, Wisconsin, January 31,
1832 ; entered the Rock River Seminary at Mount
Morris, Illinois, in 1848, and there remained most of
the time, until June, 1851, devoted to classical and
other studies ; in 1851 he entered the Western Military
College at Drennon, Kentucky, where he graduated
in 1853 ; attended the Montrose Law School at Frank-
fort, Kentucky ; in 1855 appointed Professor of An-
cient Languages in Nashville University, Tennessee,
where he remained till 1857, when, resigning, he re-
turned to Wisconsin and began the practice of law ;
elected District Attorney in 1858 ; was a member of
the State Senate in 1871 and 1872 ; is the first native
of Wisconsin elected to the State Senate or to Con-
gress ; was elected to the Forty-fourth Congress from
the Third District of Wisconsin, November, 1874.
Magrathf A. €r, — He was Governor of South
Carolina in 1864 and 1865.
Magruder, Allan JB. — A native of Kentucky,
and a lawyer by profession. He removed to Louis-
iana, and in 1805 published " Reflections on the Ces-
sion of Louisiana to the United States ; " and was a
Senator in Congress from that State from 1812 to 1813.
He had collected materials for a general history of the
Indians. He died at Opelousas, Louisiana, in April,
1822.
Magriider , Patrich, — He was born in Mont-
gomery County, Maryland, in 1768 ; educated at
Princeton College ; adopted the profession of law ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Maryland
from 1805 to 1807 ; and was Clerk of the United
States House of Representatives from 1807 to 1815,
performing at the same time the duties of Librarian
of Congress. He died in Petersburg, Virginia, in
1819 or 1820.
Magruder, Jtichard JB. — He was a native of
Maryland ; studied law, and became a leading mem-
ber of the bar of Baltimore ; was for many years a
270
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Judge of the Supreme Court of the State of Maryland ;
and died in Baltimore, February 11, 1844.
3Iahoiif David JF. — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania ; was appointed a clerk in the office of the First
Auditor in 1843 ; promoted to the position of Chief
Clerk in 1853, and in 1871 he was appointed First Au-
ditor of the Treasury, and is in office at the present
time,
Maishf J^evi, — Born in York County, Pennsylva-
nia, November 22, 1837 ; received a good academical
education ; took an interest in machinery, and de-
voted much attention to business of that nature ; he
participated in the war for the Union, and as Lieuten-
ant-Colonel, and at the Battle of Antietam, received a
bullet in the right lung, which the surgeons were un-
able to extract ; as a Colonel he commanded at Chan-
cellorsville, and was wounded in the right hip, and
soon afterwards left the military service ; he studied
law, and came to the bar in 1864 ; was elected to the
State Legislature in 1867 ; in 1872 he was appointed
by the Legislature to examine certain county ac-
counts, and in 1874 he was elected a Representative
from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Malhone, Francis, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from Rhode Island in 1809, having previously
been a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1793 to 1797. He died June 4, 1809.
3Iallary , Hollin C. — He was born in New Hav-
en, Connecticut, in 1784 ; graduated at Middlebury
College in 1805, and died in Baltimore, April 16, 1831.
He represented the State of Vermont in Congress from
1820 to 1831, and took an active part in all matters
appertaining to Commerce, as Chairman of an import-
ant Committee. He was held in the highest estima-
tion both for his public acts and private virtues.
Mallory , Francis, — He was bom in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. Died
at Norfolk, March 26, 1860.
MaUory, Meredith. — Born in Connecticut, and
was a Representative in Congress from New York
from 1839 to 1841.
Wallory, Hohert, — He was born in Madison
County, Virginia, November 15, 1815 ; graduated at
the University of Virginia in 1827 ; removed to Ken-
tucky in 1839, where he has devoted the most of his
life to agricultural pursuits ; and he was elected a
Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on
Roads and Canals ; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Roads and Canals ; and also elected to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways
and Means. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel-
phia "National Convention" of 1866. In 1875 he
was appointed a Commissioner to the Centennial Ex-
hibition, and was one of the Vice-Presidents.
Mallory , Rufiis, — He was born in Chenanago
County, New York, June 10, 1831 ; in 1855 he re-
moved to Iowa, where he resided three years ; in 1858
he settled in Oregon, and having studied law, came to
the bar in 1861 ; was soon afterwards elected Prose-
cuting Attorney for the First Judicial District ; in
1862 he was elected to the State Legislature ; after
serving one session, he was appointed Prosecuting At-
torney for the Third Judicial District, which office he
held until 1866 ; and in that year he was elected a
Representative from Oregon to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Mines and Mining, and
the Pacific Railway.
Mallory^ Stejjhen H, — He was born in Nassau
about 1810 ; removed to Key West, Florida, when
young ; studied law and came to the bar in that
State ; was a Delegate to the " Nashville Conven-
tion " of 1850 ; and he was at one time a correspond-
ent for the New York Herald. He was a Senator in
Congress from Florida, having been elected in 1851,
serving continuously, by re-election, until 1861. He
was Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs,
and a member of the Committee on Claims, He was
expelled March 11, 1861, and took part in the Rebel-
lion as Secretary of the Rebel Navy. After the Re-
bellion he was arrested as a Prisoner of State, and
released on his parole in March, 1866, and in 1867 he
was pardoned by President Johnson.
3Ianginnf Willie F. — Born in Orange County,
North Carolina, in 1792, and graduated at the Uni-
versity of that State in 1815. He studied law, rose
to eminence in his profession, entered into politics,
and was elected to the House of Commons in 1818.
In 1819 he was elected a Judge of the Superior
Court ; and from 1823 to 1826 served as a Represent-
ative in Congress. He was also a Presidential Elec-
tor in 1829. He was elected a United States Senator
in 1831, re-elected in 1841, for a third term of six
years in 1847, serving from 1842 to 1845 as Presi-
dent pro tern, of that body. In 1837 he received
eleven electoral votes for President of the United
States, and during the administration of President
Tyler was President of the United States Senate. He
subsequently lived in retirement at his home in North
Carolina. Died September 14, 1861.
3Ianl}ff Charles. — He was born in Chatham
County, North Carolina ; graduated at the State Uni-
versity in 1814 ; studied law ; was Treasurer of the
University ; for a long time Reading Clerk of the
State House of Representatives ; and was Governor
of North Carolina from 1849 to 1851.
ManUf Ahijahf Jr. — Born at Fairfield, Her-
kimer County, New York, September 24, 1793 ; he
received a good common-school education, and be-
came a teacher in the district school in Oneida Coun-
ty ; he was afterwards a merchant, Postmaster, and
Justice of the Peace ; and elected to the Legislature
in 1827, serving by re-elections until 1830. He was a
Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1837, during
which time he served on several Committees, once as
Chairman of the Committee on Rules and Orders of
the House. In 1837, on returning to his native coun-
ty, he was again re-elected to the Legislature. He
afterwards removed to New York City, and declined
all official emplovments. Died at Auburn, New
York, September 6, 1868.
Mami, A. Dudley. — Born in Virginia, in 1805 ;
was appointed Special Minister to negotiate commer-
cial treaties with Hanover, Oldenburg, and Mecklen-
burg, in 1845; was accredited to all the German States
excepting Prussia for the same object in 1847 ; was
Commissioner to Hungary in 1849 ; Minister to Switz-
erland in 1850, and negotiated a reciprocal treaty ;
was Secretary to General Pierce in 1853, and resigned
the same year ; he was also Assistant Secretary of
State, Having devoted himself to the material inter-
ests of the Southern States, he was sent by the Con-
federate Government upon a special mission, and was
afterwards joined with Slidell and Mason to represent
it abroad.
jyiann^ Horace. — Born in Franklin, Norfolk
County, Massachusetts, May 4, 1796. He was, to
some degree, self-educated, but graduated at Brown
University in 1819, where he subsequently held the
position of Tutor of Latin and Greek ; he studied law
at Litchfield, Connecticut, and while counselor-at-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
271.
law in Dedham, Massacliusetts, where lie settled in
1826, was elected to the State Legislature ; he re-
moved to Boston in 1834, where he was elected to the
State Senate, chosen President of that body, and also
President of the Massachusetts Board of Education,
which he was foremost in founding ; he also rendered
important services in behalf of the Normal Schools of
Massachusetts, and was elected a member of Congress
from 1848 to 1853. After that time he continued to
be devoted to matters connected with education, hav-
ing been appointed President of Antioch College and
the North- Western Christian University at Indianap-
olis. He wrote much and well, and is remembered
as a benefactor to his race ; died at Yellow Springs,
Ohio, August 2, 1859 ; in 1865 his life was published
by his widow.
3Iann^ Job, — Born in Bethel Township, Bedford
County, Pennsylvania, March 31, 1795 ; received a
common-school education; in 1816 was appointed Clerk
to a Board of County Commissioners ; two years after-
wards he was appointed Register, Recorder, and Clerk
for the courts of Bedford County, all of which posi-
tions he continued to hold until 1835, when he was
elected a Representative in Congress, where he served
one term. In 1839 he was admitted to the bar ; in
1842 was appointed State Treasurer, which office he
held for three terms ; and in 1847 was again elected
to Congress, where he served until 1851, declining a
re-election.
Wann, Joel K, — He was born in Pennsylvania
in 1780, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1831 to 1835. He died in Montgomery
County, Pennsylvania, September 4, 1857.
Wanning f James, — He was a native of New
Jersey ; graduated at Nassau Hall in 1762. He was
one of the founders of Brown University; when that
institution was removed to Providence he became
first President ; he was pastor of the Baptist Church
in that town, and continued in the charge of these
two office till his death, excepting an interval of six
months, in 1785 and 1786, during which he was a Del-
egate to the Continental Congress. He died in 1791,
aged fifty-two years.
Manning , JoJin^ Jr. — He was born in Edenton,
North Carolina, July 3, 1830 ; received his education
at the University of North Carolina ; removed to
Pittsborough, North Carolina, in 1851, and began the
study of law, was licensed to practice in 1853 ; was a
member of the convention of 1861 ; and was elected
to the Forty-first Congress, serving on one or two
committees.
Manning, John L, — He was born in South
Carolina and was Governor of that State from 1852 to
1854.
Manning f Kichardf Jr, — He was born in
Sumter District, South Carolina, May 1, 1789 ; gradu-
ated at the State College at Columbia in 1811 ; com-
manded a volunteer company in the war of 1812 ; was
frequently in the upper and lower House of the State
Legislature ; was Governor of South Carolina for two
years from 1824 ; a Representative in Congress from
1834 to 1836 ; and died May 1, 1836, at Philadelphia,
before the expiration of his term, very suddenly,
while seated at the table with his family. He was
greatly respected for his talents and virtues.
Manson, Mahlon D. — He was bom in Piqua,
Ohio, February 20, 1820 ; received a common-school
education ; engaged in agricultural and mechanical
pursuits and was a druggist ; was a member of the
Legislature of Indiana in 1851 ; Captain of Volanteers
during the Mexican War ; enlisted as private during
the Rebellion, and became Colonel of the Tenth Indi-
ana Infantry, which he commanded at the battle of
Rich Mountain in 1861 ; commanded the Second Bri-
gade. First Division, Army of the Ohio, at the battle of
Mill Springs, Kentucky, in 1862 ; was appointed Brig
adier-General of Volunteers in 1862 ; was engaged in
front of Corinth, Mississippi ; commanded the United
States forces at the battle of Richmond, Kentucky, in
1862 ; was wounded and taken prisoner and exchanged
in 1862 ; commanded a skirmish with Pegram in
March, 1863, and during the Morgan raid in Indiana
and Ohio in 1863 ; was with Burnside in East Tennes-
see ; assigned in September, 1863, to the command of
the Twenty-third Army Corps ; was in the siege of
Knoxville, Tennessee, and various battles in that
State ; was severely wounded at the battle of Resaca,
and was forced to resign by reason of disabilities re-
sulting from wounds contracted in the service ; and
was elected to the Forty-second Congress from Indiana,
serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions.
Manypenny, George W, — He was born in
Pennsylvania, and in 1853 he was appointed from
Ohio, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, retaining the
office until 1857.
Marahle, John H, — He was born in Brunswick
County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Tennessee from 1825 to 1829.
Marchand, Albert G, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1839 to 1843,
and died at his residence in Greensburg, Pennsyl-
vania, February 5, 1848.
3Iarchand, David, — He was born in West-
moreland County, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1817 to
1821.
Marchant, Henry, — Born at Martha's Vine-
yard, Massachusetts, April, 1741; graduated at Phila-
delphia College, 1762; studied lavv- under Judge Trow-
bridge of Cambridge, Massachusetts ; practiced in
Newport, Rhode Island ; was Attorney-General of
that State from 1770 to 1777 ; and member of the As-
sembly ; took an active part in the Revolution ; was
Chairman of the Committee to prepare instructions to
the Delegates in Congress ; was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress from 1777 to 1780 and in 1783
and 1784, and an efficient member of various impor-
tant committees ; a member of the Convention to
adopt the Federal Constitution ; and from 1790 to his
death. Judge of the United States District Court ; re-
ceived the degree of LL.D. from Yale College in 1792.
Died at Newport, August 30, 1796.
Mar chbanl^^s, Andrew J , — He was a native of
Tennessee ; was Chancellor of the State and a Circuit
Judge for twenty-five years, and died in McMinnville,
Tennessee, January 3, 1867.
Marcy, Daniel, — Born in New Hampshire, No-
vember 7, 1809 ; became a sailor when twelve years
of age, and at twenty was master of a ship ; in 1853
and 1854 he was a member of the New Hampshire
Legislature ; in 1856 and 1857, of the State Senate ;
was subsequently engaged in the mercantile and ship-
building business ; and was elected a Representative
from New Hampshire to the Thirty-eighth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions
and on Expenditures in the Navy Department. He
was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National
Union Convention " of 1866.
Marcy, Handolph i?.— He was born in Massa-
chusetts, in the year 1811 ; graduated at West Point
in 1832 ; entered the Fifth Infantry and became First
272
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Lieutenant in 1837; Captain in 1846 ; and was engaged
in the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, in
Mexico ; he explored the Red River country ; served
in the Utah Expedition in 1857 and 1858, also in the
Seminole War ; commanded a detachment sent to
New Mexico to procure supplies in 1857, and returned
in 1858 after great suffering ; became Paymaster with
rank of Major in 1859 ; Inspector General with rank
of Colonel in 1861 ; and was attached as chief of staff
to the Army of the Potomac under General McClellan,
his son-in-law ; and became Brigadier-General of
Volunteers, the same year. He was also on General
McClellan's Staff during the campaigns in Western
Virginia, the Peninsula, and in Maryland. He pub-
lished " Explorations to the Red River in 1852 ; "
"Prairie Traveler;" and " Personal Recollections."
Marcf/f William Lamed, — He was born in
Sturbridge, Worcester County, Massachusetts, in
1786, and died in Ballston Spa, New York, July 4,
1857 ; he graduated at Brown University in 1808 ;
taught school for a while in Newport, Rhode Island ;
studied law, and commenced practice in Troy, New
York ; he was appointed Recorder of that city in 1816;
made Comptroller in 1823, and removed to Albany ;
in 1829 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court
of the State ; he was elected to the United States
Senate in 1831, but resigned in 1833, having served
as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee ; elected
Governor of New York in 1832, and re-elected in 1834
and 1836 ; he was Secretary of War under President
Polk from 1845 to 1849, and Secretary of State under
President Pierce from 1853 to 1857 ; he was a hard-
working, careful, plain man, and a good scholar. As
a statesman and diplomatist he had a reputation of
displaying both judgment and skill ; but his crowning
viTtue was his incorruptible integrity.
MardiSf Samuel W, — Born in Alabama in 1801,
and died at Talladega, in that State, November 14,
1837 ; he was a Representative in Congress from Ala-
bama from 1831 to 1835, and was much respected for
his manly virtues.
MarioUf Robert, — He was a native of South
Carolina, and a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1805 to 1810.
MarJcbreitf Leopold, — He was a citizen of Ohio,
and from 1869 to 1873 he was Minister Resident to
Bolivia.
Markellf Henry, — ^He was bom in Montgomery
County, New York, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York from 1825 to 1829.
DIarhellf tfacoh. — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1813 to 1815.
MarMey^ Philip S, — He was born in Montgom-
ery County, Pennsylvania, an'd was a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1823 to 1827, and
was in the latter year appointed Naval OflBcer for the
Port of Philadelphia.
MarJcSf William, — Was a Senator in Congress
from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1831, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills.
3Iarling, JoJin L, — He was a citizen of Ten-
nessee, and appointed Minister Resident to Guatemala
in 1854, remained there until 1856 ; and on October 2,
resigned the position and died on the 10th of the same
month.
Marquette, T, M. — He was elected a Represent-
ative from Nebraska to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
but did not take his seat until the last day of the last
session of said Congress.
3Iarr, Alem, — He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1807 ; was a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania from 1829 to 1831.
Marr, George W, L, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Tennessee from 1817 to 1819.
JMarron, John, — He was born in Ireland, and
from the State of Georgia was appointed a Clerk in
the General Post Office ; became Chief Clerk and was
subsequently appointed Third Assistant Postmaster-
General.
Marrow J John, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1805 to 1809.
Marsh, Charles, — Born at Lebanon, Connecti-
cut, July 10, 1765, but with his father's family re-
moved to Vermont before the Revolution ; he gradu-
ated at Dartmouth College in 1786, studied law, and
commenced practice in Woodstock, Vermont. He
was for fifty years devoted to his profession, and
for a long time at the head of the bar in the State.
He served as a member of Congress from 1815 to 1817,
and while in Washington became identified with the
American Colonization Society as one of its founders.
He acquired great popularity as a patron of benevo-
lent societies generally, and was a highly influential
and useful citizen. Died at Woodstock, Vermont,
January 11, 1849. The degree of LL.D. was con-
ferred upon him by Dartmouth College.
Marsh f George JP, — Born in Woodstock, Ver-
mont, March 15, 1801 ; was educated at Dartmouth
College, where he graduated in 1820. He afterwards
removed to Burlington, Vermont, where he com-
menced the study of the law, and afterwards made
that place his home. After his admission to the bar,
he came into an extensive practice, and devoted much
of his time to politics. He was a member of the State
Legislature in 1835, and in 1842 he took his seat in
the United States House of Representatives, where
he continued until he was sent as Resident Minister
to Turkey in 1849 by President Taylor. At this post
he rendered essential service to the cause of civil and
religious toleration in the Turkish Empire. He was
also charged with a special mission to Greece in 1852.
He is well known as an author and a scholar ; he has
devoted much attention to the languages and litera-
ture of the North of Europe, and his sympathies ap-
pear to be with the Goths, whose presence he traces
in whatever is great and peculiar in the character of
the founders of New England. In a work entitled
" The Goths in New England," he has contrasted the
Gothic and Roman characters, which he appears to
regard as the great antagonistic principles of society
at the present day. He is also the author of a gram-
mar of the old Northern or Icelandic language, and
of various essays, literary and historical, relating to
the Goths and their connections with America. He
is the author of an interesting work on the Camel ;
also of a work on the English Language, which occu-
pies a very high rank ; and still another of great
merit, entitled "Man and Nature," and his miscella-
neous published addresses and speeches are quite nu-
merous. After his return from Turkey he performed
the duties of Commissioner of Railroads for the State
of Vermont. His library is said to be one of the finest
in this country, rich beyond compare in Scandinavian
literature. In 1861 he was appointed by President
Lincoln Minister to Italy.
Marshall f Alexander K, — He was born in
Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1855 to 1857.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
273
3IarshaUi Alfred, — He served four years in the
Maine Legislature, namely, 1827, 1828, 1834, and 1835 ;
was a Representative in Congress from Maine from
1841 to 1843, acting as a member of the Committee on
the Militia ; and from 1846 to 1849 he was Collector at
Belfast. He was also, for some years, a General of
the State Militia.
Marshall, Christopher. — He was a Revolu-
tionary patriot of Philadelphia ; retired from business
with a competency before the Revolution, in which,
although a Quaker, he took an active part in the
Committees of Council and Safety. His diary, from
1774 to 1781, called ''Marshall's Remembrancer,"
edited by William Duane, was published in 1839 and
1849.
Marshall f Edward C, — He was born in Ken-
tucky, and was a Representative in Congress from
California from 1851 to 1853.
Marshall f Humphrey, — He was among the
earliest pioneers to Kentucky, having gone there in
1780 ; he was a member of the " State Convention "
in 1787 ; served for many years in the State Legisla-
ture ; and was a Senator in Congress from 1795 to
1801. He was the author of the first published " His-
tory of Kentucky," and died at an advanced age.
Marshall, Humphrey, — Born at Frankfort,
Kentucky, January 13, 1812. He graduated at West
Point Academy, but resigned his military commission
of Lieutenant and studied law, which he practiced
with success. During the ten years preceding the
Mexican war, and while devoting himself to his pro-
fession in Louisville, he took an active part in the
military affairs of the State as Captain, Major, and
Lieutenant-Colonel ; he served in the Mexican war as
Colonel of Cavalry, fighting at Buena Vista, and lead-
ing the charge of the Kentucky Volunteers : .in 1847,
after declining several important nominations, he re-
tired to a farm ; he was elected to Congress in 1849
as a Representative, and re-elected in 1851 ; he was
appointed by President Fillmore Commissioner to
China, which was immediately raised to a first-class
mission ; on his return he was elected a Representa-
tive in the Thirty-fourth Congress ; in 1856 he was a
member of the " American National Council," held in
New York, where he caused to be thrown off all se-
crecy in the politics of his party ; and in 1857 he was
re-elected to Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Military Affairs. He took part in the
Rebellion of 1861 as a General of Volunteers.
Marshall, James, — ^He was one of the earliest
settlers in the District of Columbia, after the removal
of the Seat of Government ; and in 1801 was appointed
Circuit Judge of the United States for the District of
Columbia.
3Iarshall, John, — He was born in Fauquier
County, Virginia, September 24, 1755, and was the
eldest of fifteen children. He had some classical
education in his youth, but his opportunities for learn-
ing were limited, and he never entered college, his
father, Thomas Marshall, having been a poor man,
but possessed of superior talents. At the com-
mencement of the American war he espoused it with
ardor ; in 1776 he was appointed Lieutenant, and in
1777 promoted to the rank of Captain. In 1780 he
was admitted to the bar, and in 1781 resigned his
commission and entered upon the practice of his
profession, soon rising to distinction. He was a mem-
ber of the "Virginia Convention " to ratify the Con-
stitution of the United States, and, as such, produced
a deep impression by his logic and eloquence. He
also entered the Legislature of Virginia, where he
was a leader. President Washington invited him to
18
become Attorney-General, and offered him the mission
to France after Mr. Monroe's return, both of which
honors he declined. President Adams appointed him
an Envoy to France, with Pickering and Gerry ; but
they were not accredited, and he returned to the
United States in 1798. He was a Representative in
Congress in 1799 ; in 1800 he was appointed Secretary
of War, which he declined ; soon afterwards Secretary
of State ; and, January 31, 1801, upon the nomination
of President Adams, was confirmed as Chief Justice
of the Supreme Court of the United States. He wrote
a "Life of George Washington," and a "History of
the American Colonies." He died in Philadelphia,
July 6, 1836. As a Judge he was the most illustrious
in America, and, for his public service, was ranked by
many with Washington. He was the object of uni-
versal affection, respect, and confidence, and, in every
particular, one of the greatest and best of men.
Marshall, John James, — Born at Woodford
County, Kentucky, August 4, 1785 ; graduated at
New Jersey College, in 1806 ; gained distinction as a
lawyer and a politician ; from 1814 he served several
terms in the State Legislature. From 1836 till his death
he presided over the Circuit Court. In 1837 his am-
ple estate was placed at the disposal of his friends
and he died a poor man. He published " Reports of
Kentucky Court of Appeals," in 1831 and 1834, 7 vols.
8vo. Died at Louisville, Kentucky, June, 1846.
Marshall, Sa/tnAiel S, — He was born in Illinois;
educated at Cumberland College, Kentucky ; studied
law, and devoted himself to its practice in his native
State, He was elected to the State Legislature in
1846 ; by the Legislature he was elected State Attor-
ney, serving two years; in 1851 he was elected a Judge
of the Circuit Court, in which position he remained
until 1854 ; and having been elected to the Thirty-
fourth Congress from Illinois, was re-elected to the
Thirty-fifth, and was Chairman of the Committee on
Claims. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago
Convention " of 1864, and was re-elected to the Thir-
ty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
Elections, and on Freedmen. He was a Delegate to
the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of
1866; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv-
ing on the Judiciary Committee. Re-elected to the three
following Congresses, serving on many important
Committees. In 1867 he received the unanimous vote
of his party in the Illinois Legislature for United
States Senator, and in the Fortieth Congress, the
entire vote of the Democrats for Speaker of the
House.
Marshall, Thomas A, — He was born near
Versailles, Kentucky, January 15, 1794; graduated'
at Yale College in 1815 ; studied law, and entered up-
on the practice in 1816 ; and he was a Representative
in Congress from Kentucky from 1831 to 1835. He
was a Judge and Chief Justice of the Court of Ap-
peals of Kentucky for about twenty years ; a Profes-
sor of Law in the Transylvania College; and also
served in the Legislature of Kentucky. He was on
the bench as late as 1866, and in that year received
from Yale College the degree of LL.D. and died in
Louisville, April 17, 1871.
3Iarshall, Thomas F,—B.e was born in Ken-
tucky in 1800 ; graduated at Yale College ; studied
law, and practiced the profession with success ;
was for several years Judge of the Circuit Court of
Louisville ; and was a Representative in Congress
from Kentucky from 1841 to 1843. Died near Ver-
sailles, Woodward County, Kentucky, September 22,
1864. His general abilities were considered of a high
order, and as an orator before popular assemblies he
had few equals.
274
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
3Tarshallf Wm, R, — He was Governor of Min-
nesota, from 1866 to 1868.
3Iarstonf Gihnan, — Born in Orford, New
Hampsliire, August 20, 1811 ; graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1837, and at tlie Dane Law School in
1840 ; commenced the practice of law in Exeter, New
Hampshire, in 1841 ; in 1845 he was elected to the
New Hampshire Legislature, and served four years ;
was a member of the Convention to revise the Consti-
tution of that State in 1850, was a Representative in
Congress from New Hampshire from 1859 to 1863,
servirjg on the Committees on Elections, and on Mili-
tary Affairs. In June, 1861, he was appointed Colo-
nel of the Second Regiment New Hampshire Volun-
teers, which he led at the battle of Bull Run,
throughout the Peninsula Campaign under McClellan,
at the second battle of Bull Run, and also at Fred-
ericksburg, under Burnside. In 1863 he was commis-
sioned a Brigadier-General, assigned to the District of
St, Mary, and also attached to the army of the James
in 1864, fighting at Eingsland Creek, Drury's Bluff,
Cold Harbor, and Petersburg. Early in 1865 he was
re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Mileage, and Military Affairs; and
on the fall of Richmond he retired from the army.
He was also one of the Representatives designated by
the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in
1866. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia '* Loy-
alists' Convention " of 1866, and also to the Soldiers'
Convention " held in Pittsburg. In 1870 he was ap-
pointed Governor of Idaho.
Martin, Aleocander, — Born in Guilford Coun-
ty, North Carolina, and died in November, 1807. He
was educated at Princeton College, and devoted
much attention to the pursuits of literature. He was
a member of the Colonial Assembly, and Colonel of a
regiment in the Continental line, having been at the
battles of Brandywine and Germantown. He was
subsequently in the State Senate, and was elected
Speaker ; he was elected Governor of North Carolina
in 1782, and again in 1789, and was a member of the
Convention which framed the Constitution of the
United States. From 1793 to 1799 he was United
States Senator. In 1793 the degree of Doctor of Laws
was conferred on him by Princeton College, and at
the time of his death he was a Trustee of the Univer-
sity of North Carolina.
llartiUf JBarclatf, — He was born in South Caro-
lina, and was a Representative in Congress from Ten-
nessee from 1845 to 1847.
Martin, Charles D. — Born in Ohio, and was
elected a Representative from that State to the Thir-
ty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on In-
valid Pensions.
3Iartin, Daniel, — He was a native of Mary-
land, and Governor of that State in 1830, and died in
Talbot County, July 10, 1830, before the expiration of
his term of oflBce.
Martin, Elbert S, — Born in Virginia, and elected
a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on
Expenditures in the Post-Office Department.
Mai-tin, Francois Xarier, — He was born at
Marseilles, France, March 17, 1762 ; emigrated to the
United States in 1782, and established himself at New
bern. North Carolina ; taught French ; learned print-
ing, and edited a newspaper, and peddled it through
the adjoining counties ; published school-books, alma-
Diics., and translations of French works, etc. ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1789, and became
distinguished in the profession, at the same time pur-
suing the vocation of printer and publisher. He was
appointed Judge of Mississippi Territory by Jeffer-
son ; and in 1813 was Attorney-General of the State of
Mississippi. In 1815 was made Judge of Supreme
Court of Louisiana, and Chief Justice from 1837 to
1845 ; published histories of Louisiana and North
Carolina ; " Notes and Decisions in the Superior
Courts of North Carolina from 1787 to 1796 ; " " Acts
of the North Carolina Assembly from 1715 to 1803 ; "
" Reports of the Superior Courts of Orleans from 1809
to 1812 ; " " Reports of the Supreme Court of Louisi-
ana from 1813 to 1830 ; " and a " Digest of the Terri-
torial and State Laws," in French and English. Died
in New Orleans, Louisiana, December 10, 1846.
Martin, Frederick S, — He was born in Rut-
land County, Vermont, April 25, 1794 ; after spending
his early life as a sailor on Lake Champlain and at
sea, he settled at Olean, New York, as a hotel-keeper
and merchant ; in 1838 he was appointed Postmaster
at that place ; he served three years in the State Leg-
islature ; and was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1851 to 1853.
Martin, George, — He was born in Middlebury,
Vermont, in 1805 ; removed to Michigan in 1836, and
settled at Grand Rapids ; became a County Judge ; in
1851 a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State ; and
in 1857 he was made Chief Justice, which position he
held until his death, which occurred at Detroit, De-
cember 15, 1867.
Martin, tTatnes S, — He was born in Scott
County, Virginia, August 19, 1826 ; received a good
education ; removed to Illinois in 1846 ; served in the
war with Mexico ; was Clerk of the Marion County
Court for twelve years ; studied lav/ ; was a member
of the Republican State Central Committee for several
years ; entered the army as Colonel in 1862, and was
brevetted Brigadier-General ; was elected County
Judge of Marion County at the close of the war ; ap-
pointed Pension Agent in 1868 ; was elected to the
Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on
Invalid Pensions.
Martin, tfohn, — Was appointed Naval Officer
at Sunbury, Georgia, in 1761 ; was a member of the
Provincial Congress in 1775, and of the Committees of
Council and Safety ; entered the Georgia Continental
line as Captain ; was Lieutenant-Colonel in 1781, and
member of the Legislature from Chatham County ;
was State Treasurer in 1783 ; commissioned to make a
Treaty with the Creek Indians, January, 1783 ; and
Governor of Georgia from 1782 to 1783.
Martin, tfohn *Tacoh, — He was born in Abbe-
ville, South Ca,rolina, in 1826 ; received a good edu-
cation and studied law, coming to the bar in 1848 ;
served as a Captain in the war with Mexico ; was sub-
sequently appointed Secretary of Legation to Peru ;
removed to Georgia, where he practiced law from 1853
to 1861, when he removed to Alabama ; was a member
of the first Convention which organized the Republi-
can party in that State ; also a member of the C<)n-
stitutional Convention of that State ; Delegate to the
Chicago Convention of 1868 ; in 1869 he was appointed
Sixth Auditor of the Treasury in Washington, which
he resigned in 1875 ; and was appointed Postmaster
of Montgomery, where he still continues.
Martin, J^ohn jP. — Born in Lee County, Vir-
ginia, October 11, 1811 ; removed to Kentucky in 1828 ;
in 1841 was elected to the Legislature of that State,
and re-elected the following year ; and he was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1845 to
1847. In 1857 he was elected to the Senate of Ken-
tucky, which was his last public position.
A
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
275
Martin f tfoshua L, — He was a member of Con-
gress from Alabama from 1835 to 1839, and from 1845
to 1847 Governor of that State. He died at Tusca-
loosa, November 2, 1856.
Martin, tTosiah,— Born April 23, 1737 ; was an
Ensign in the Fourth Infantry of North Carolina in
1756, and Lieutenant-Colonel in 1769 ; he was Gover-
nor of North Carolina from 1771 to 1775, and took
energetic measures to preserve the royal authority in
1775, and, April 24th, was obliged to take refuge on
board the Cruiser, from which ship he issued a proc-
lamation August 8th. He was on board the fleet of
Sir P. Parker at Charleston, in June, 1776 ; was with
Cornwallis at the defeat of Gates at Camden, in 1780,
but left North Carolina on account of ill health,
March, 1781, and withdrew to Long Island, and thence
to England. Died in London, July, 1786.
Martin, Luther, — Born in New Brunswick,
New Jersey, in 1744 ; graduated at Nassau Hall, in
1766 ; taught school for several years in Maryland ;
came to the bar in Virginia, and settled in Accomac
County ; in 1774 took an active part in opposing Eng-
land ; was a member of the " Annapolis Convention "
of that year ; in 1778 was appointed Attorney-General
of Maryland ; was a Delegate to the Continental Con-
gress in 1784 and 1785 ; was a member of the Conven-
tion which formed the Federal Constitution, but was
opposed to its adoption, and an elaborate speech that
he delivered before the Assembly of Maryland about
the Convention caused considerable excitement at the
time throughout the country. He acquired distinction
by defending Samuel Chase and Aaron Burr, in their
celebrated trials ; in 1814 he was appointed Judge of
the Court of Oyer and Terminer ; and died in New
York, July 10, 1826. He received the degree of LL.D.
from Princeton College.
Martin, Morgan L, — He was born in New
York, and was a Delegate to Congress from the Terri-
tory of Wisconsin, from 1845 to 1847.
Martin, Noah* — He was a native of New Hamp-
shire, and Governor of that State for two years, from
1852 to 1854.
Martin, Hohert W* — He was born in Dorches-
ter County, Maryland, and was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland, from 1825 to 1827.
Martin, William D. — He was a Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas, and a Representative in Con-
gress from South Carolina, from 1827 to 1833. He
was distinguished for his talents and public useful-
ness. He retired to bed slightly indisposed, and was
found dead in the morning. Pie died at Charleston,
November 17, 1833, aged forty-five years.
Martindale, Henry C, — He was born in Berk-
shire County, Massachusetts ; graduated at Williams
College in 1800 ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from New York, from 1823 to 1831, and again
from 1833 to 1835. Died in 1860 aged eighty years.
Marvin, Dudley, — Was a native of Lyme,
Connecticut, from which place he removed to Canaur
daigua. New York, in 1807. He was admitted to the
bar, and commenced the practice of law in 1811, and
soon attained eminence in his profession. He was a
Representative in Congress from 1823 to 1829. In
1844 he removed to RipJey, Chautauqua County, and
was again elected to Congress, serving from 1847 to
1849 He died at Ripley, New York, June 25, 1852,
aged sixty-five years.
Marvin, tTames M» — Born in Ballston, Sarato-
ga County, New York, February 27, 1809 spent a
portion of his boyhood on a farm, but received a good
education. In 1846 he was elected to the House of
Assembly ; was a Coanty Supervisor for three terms ;
is proprietor of one of the large Saratoga hotels, and
has chiefly been engaged for years past in taking care
of a large estate. In 1862 he was elected a Represent-
ative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Territories. Re-elected
to the Thirty ninth Congress, and was made Chair-
man of the Committee on Expenses in the Treasury
Department. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Territories.
Marvin, Richard JP, — He was born in New
York ; served in the Assembly of that State, from
Chautauqua County, in 1836, and was a Represent-
ative in Congress from New York, from 1837 to 1841,
and in 1855 he was elected a Judge of the Supreme
Court.
Marvin, William, — He was a citizen of Flori-
da, and appointed United States Judge for the South-
ern District of that State.
3£ason, Armistead Thomson, — Born in
Loudon County, Virginia, in 1785, and educated at
William and Mary College ; was a farmer by occupa-
tion, and a Colonel in the war of 1812 ; and a United
States Senator from Virginia, from 1816 to 1817. He
fell in the memorable duel with Colonel McCarty,
February 6, 1819.
Mason, Charles, — Born in New York about
1808 ; graduated (first in class) at West Point in 1829 ;
entered the Engineers, but resigned December 3, 1831 ;
and practiced law at Newburg, New York, from 1832
to 1834 ; in New York city from 1834 to 1836 ; Bur-
lington, Iowa, from 1847 to 1853, and again from 1858
to 1859 ; and at Washington from 1860. He was
Acting Editor of the New York BkeninQ Post in 1837
and 1838 ; Chief Justice of the Superior Court of
Iowa from 1838 to 1847 ; Commissioner to draft a
Code of Laws for the State of Iowa In 1848 ; Judge of
Des Moines County Court in 1851 and 1852 ; United
States Commissioner of Patents from 1853 to 1857.
Mason, George, — Born at Doeg's Neck, Fairfax
County, Virginia, in 1726 ; was a Statesman of the
Revolution ; in 1769 he drew up the Non-importation
Resolutions, which were presented by Washington in
the Virginia Assembly and unanimously adopted. He
wrote a tract against British taxation, and presented
a series of twenty-four resolutions in which he recom-
mended a Congress of the Colonies ; these were sanc-
tioned by the Virginia Convention, and adopted by
the First Congress. He was a member of the Virginia
Legislature, and in 1776 drafted the Declaration of
Rights and Constitution of Virginia, and was known
as the " Father of States' Rights ; " was a member of
the Committee of Safety ; in 1777 was a delegate to
the Continental Congress ; in 1787 was a member of
the Convention to frame the Federal Constitution,
and favored the election of the President by the peo-
ple ; was opposed to the clause in the Constitution
prohibiting the abolishing of slavery ; which he con-
sidered a great evil and a source of natural weakness,
and refused to sign the instrument ; and, with Henry,
objected to its ratification by the State. He was
elected first United States Senator from Virginia but
declined, and retired to private life, and died at his
estate, " Gunston Hall," on the Potomac, October 7,
1792.
3Iason, tfatnes IB, — He was a member of the
Rhode Island House of Representatives for many
years, and for a part of the time was Speaker ; was a
Representative in Congress from Rhode Island from
1815 to 1819.
276
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Mason, James 31* — Born on Analostan Island,
Fairfax County, Virginia, November 3, 1798, He re-
ceived a good education, and graduated at tlie Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania in 1818 ; he studied law at
the College of William and Mary, and obtained a
license to practice in 1820 ; in 1826 he w^as elected to
the House of Delegates, and twice re-elected ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1833 ; he was a Representative
in Congress from 1837 to 1839 ; in 1847 he was elected
a Senator in Congress in the place of Senator Penny-
backer, and re-elected in 1849, in which position he
continued until 1861, having for several sessions been
Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations.
He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 ; went to Eng-
land as a Minister of the Rebel government, was cap-
tured by the 8an Jacinto imprisoned in Fort Warren,
and after his release took up his residence in Europe.
He was expelled from the Senate in July, 1861. His
term would have expired in 1863. During his absence
in Europe his home at Winchester was destroyed by
fire ; after his return he lived in retirement and pov-
erty ; and died near Alexandria, Virginia, April 28,
1871.
Mason f tTeremiah, — Born at Lebanon, Connec-
ticut, April 27, 1768, and died at Boston, November
14, 1848. Destined for professional life, he entered
Yale College, and, after graduating in 1788, entered
upon the study of law, and acquired the reputation
of being profoundly learned in common law. He
went to Vermont, and was admitted to the bar of that
State, but subsequently removed to Portsmouth, New
Hampshire, where he became the friend of Daniel
Webster, who always spoke of him in extravagant
terms of praise. In 1802 he was appointed Attorney-
General of the State, and from 1813 to 1817 was a
Senator in Congress, having resigned for the purpose
of devoting himself to his profession. He removed
to Boston in 1832, and on reaching the age of seventy
he left the bar, though he was consulted as chamber-
counsel to the close of his life. An edition of his
"Life and Letters" was published for private circu-
lation in 1875.
MasoUf tTohn C — He was born in Kentucky,
*and elected a Representative from that State to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, and was Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Accounts.
Mason, John Thomson, — Born at Montpelier,
Washington County, Maryland, in May, 1815 ; grad-
uated at Princeton College in 1836 ; read law in Ha-
gerstown, and was admitted to the bar in 1838 ; the
same year was elected a member of the Legislature
of Maryland, and re-elected in 1839. He was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from 1841 to 1843, being at
that time the youngest man in Congress. In 1851 he
was elected by the people, under the new Constitu-
tion of the State, a Judge of the Court of Appeals,
which position he filled till 1857, when he resigned,
and was appointed Collector of the port of Baltimore.
Died at Annapolis, March 28, 1873.
Mason, John Y, — He was born at Greensville,
Sussex County, Virginia, April 18, 1799 ; graduated
at the University of North Carolina in 1816, from
which institution he received the degree of LL. D. ;
adopted the profession of law, and was a Federal
Judge of the Eastern District Court of Virginia ;
Judge also of the General Court of Virginia ; served
about ten years in the State Legislature ; he was a
Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1831
to 1837 ; was a Delegate to the Conventions of 1828
and 1849 for revising the State Constitution ; a mem-
ber of President Tyler's cabinet, as Secretary of the
Navy ; a member of President Polk's cabinet, first as
Attorney-General, and secondly as Secretary of the
Navy ; was subsequently President of the James
River and Kanawha Company ; and was appointed,
by President Pierce, Minister to France, in which
position he was continued by President Buchanan.
Died in Paris, of apoplexy, October 3, 1859.
Mason, Jonathan, — He was born in 1757;
graduated at Princeton College in 1774 ; and died at
Boston, November 1, 1831. He was a Senator of the
United States from Massachusetts from 1800 to 1803 ;
and a Representative in Congress from that State from
1817 to 1820, when he resigned.
Mason, Moses, — He was a County Commissioner
from 1831 to 1834 ; a Representative in Congress from
Maine from 1834 to 1837 ; subsequently a member of
the State Executive Council. Died at Bethel, June
25, 1866, aged seventy-five years.
Mason, Samson, — He was bom in Ohio, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1835 to 1843. He was afterwards a member of
the Convention which formed the State Constitu-
tion.
Mason, Stevens Thomson, — He was born
in Chapawansic, Stafford County, Virginia, 1760 ;
educated at William and Mary College ; he was a
lawyer by profession, and officer in the Revolutionary
war attaining to the rank of General ; was a member
of the Virginia House of Burgesses ; and a Senator
of the United States, from Virginia, from 1794 to
1803 ; also a Presidential Elector in 1792 ; a member
of the Convention to form the Constitution of Vir-
ginia, and a member of the State Legislature. He
died in 1803.
3Iason, Thomson, — Born in 1730 ; studied law
at the Temple in London, settled in Loudon County on
his return ; and became an eminent jurist. He was
frequently a member of the House of Burgesses. In
1774 he published a series of papers maintaining the
duty of open resistance to the mother country ; the
first of these papers was signed A British American,
the others appear with his own name. In 1778 he was
a member of the Supreme Court of the State ; and
with his brother George, was nominated by the Sen-
ate to revise the laws of Virginia ; he was a member
of the Legislature in 1779 and 1783. Died in 1785.
Mason, William, — He was born in Connecticut ;
served in the Legislature of New York from Chenan-
go County, from 1820 to 1822 ; and was a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State, from 1835 to 1837.
Masters, Josiah, — Born in Woodbury, Connecti-
cut, October 22, 1763 ; graduated at Yale College in
1784, soon after which he removed to Schaghticoke,
Rensselaer County, New York, which was thereafter
his place of residence. He was a prominent member
of the State Legislature in 1792, 1800, and 1801,
when he was appointed Associate Judge of Rensselaer
County ; and from 1805 to 1809, was a Representative
in Congress, In 1808 he was chosen first Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas of the County, which office he
held until his death. He was a zealous supporter of
the general measures against Great Britain during the
war of 1812, yet he opposed with great earnestness,
in several able speeches, the embargo, non-intercourse,
and other commercial restrictions. He numbered
among his personal friends such patriots as Jefferson,
Randolph, Madison, Clay, etc., and was a co-operator
and adviser of De Witt Clinton in the system of in-
ternal improvements which gave to New York the
rank of the Empire State. He died June 80, 1822.
Mathews, James, — He was born in Ohio, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State,
from 1841 to 1845.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
277
MathewSf Vincent, — Born in Orange County,
New York, June 29, 1766. He studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1790 ; and fixing his residence
near Elmira, Tioga County, was elected a State Rep-
resentative in 1793, and in 1796 chosen a State Sen-
ator. In 1798 he was elected a Commissioner to set-
tle certain claims for bounty land ; and from 1809 to
1811 he was a Representative in Congress, In 1812
he was appointed District Attorney for a number of
Counties in Western New York ; and in 1816 he re-
moved from Elmira to Bath, and thence to Rochester,
pursuing the practice of his profession, in different
places, for no less a period than fifty-six years. To-
ward the close of his life he served a second time in
the Assembly of the State and was District Attorney
for Monroe County. The College of Geneva con-
ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws when
he was nearly seventy-five years old, and he died at
Rochester, August 23, 1846.
Matheivson, Elisha, — He was at different peri-
ods a member of the General Assembly of Rhode
Island ; once a Speaker in the House ; and a Senator
in Congress from that State from 1807 to 1811. He
died at Scituate, Rhode Island, October 14, 1853, aged
eighty- six years.
Mathiotf fJoshua, — He was born in Ohio, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State from
1841 to 1843. Died July 30, 1849, at Newark, Ohio.
Matlackf Ja^nes, — He was born in Gloucester
County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1821 to 1825, and died
at Woodbury, in the same State, January 15, 1840.
Matlach, Timothy, — Born at Haddenfield, New
Jersey, in 1730 ; an active patriot in the Revolution.
He was one of the Society of Free Quakers ; was a
member of the General Committee of Safety ; and
Colonel of a Pennsylvania battalion ; did good ser-
vice. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress
from 1780 to 1781 ; was many years "Master of the
Rolls," and resided at Lancaster a long time. He was
afterwards Register of one of the Philadelphia Courts.
He died at Holmesburg, Pennsylvania, April 15, 1829,
and although ninety-nine years of age, retained his
faculties to a remarkable degree.
Mat son f Aaron, — He was born in Plymouth,
Massachusetts ; for many years Judge of Probate in
Cheshire County, New Hampshire ; a Representative
in Congress from New Hampshire from 1821 to 1825 ;
a State Councilor from 1819 to 1821 ; and died at
Newport, Vermont, July 18, 1855, aged eighty-five
years.
Matteson, Joel A, — He was Governor of Illinois
from 1853 to 1857, and died in Chicago, January 31,
1874.
Matteson, Orsatnus B,—B.e was born in New
York, and was elected a Representative from that
State to the Thirty-first, Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth,
and Thirty- fifth Congresses. Went into retirement
under a cloud.
MatthetvSy George, — Born in Augusta Coun-
ty, Virginia, in 1739. He led a Volunteer Company
against the Indians at the age of twenty-two, and dis-
tinguished himself at the battle of Point Pleasant in
1774 ; was Colonel of the Ninth Virginia Regiment in
the Revolution, and was engaged in Brandywine and
Germantown, where he was made prisoner after receiv-
ing nine bayonet wounds. He was confined on board
of a prison-ship in New York Harbor, and was not
exchanged till December 5, 1781 ; when he joined
Greene's army as Commander of the Third Virginia
Regiment. In 1785 he removed with his family to a
tract of land on Broad River, Oglethorpe County,
Georgia. He was Governor of this State in 1780, and
from 1793 to 1796 ; a Representative in Congress from
1789 to 1791 ; afterward Brigadier-General of Georgia
Militia, and authorized by the President, January 26,
1811, to take possession of West Florida, and captured
Amelia Island. Died at Augusta, Georgia, August
30, 1812.
Matthew Sf George, Jr, — Born near Staunton,
Virginia, September 21, 1774 (son of George, M. C.) ;
studied law at Liberty Hall Academy, Virginia, and
admitted to the bar in Georgia in 1799. In 1805 was
appointed by Jefferson a Judge of the Superior Court
of Mississippi Territory, and in 1806 of the Superior
Court in the Territory of Orleans ; he was appointed
Justice of the Supreme Court of Louisiana after its
organization, which position he held till his death,
which occurred near Bayou Sara, Louisiana, Novem-
ber 14, 1836.
Matthews f John, — Revolutionary patriot of
South Carolina ; was first Speaker of the House
of Representatives of that State after the disso-
lution of the Royal Government in 1776 ; and
the same year Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court ; from 1778 to 1782 was a Delegate to the Con-
tinental Congress ; was a member of the Committee
to visit the Army, and also of the Committee to con-
fer with the Pennsylvania Line of the army which
had mutinied. In 1784, on the establishment of the
Court of Equity he was appointed one of the Judges.
He was Governor of South Carolina from 1782 to 1783.
Died at Charleston, November, 1802, aged fifty-eight
years.
MattheivSf William, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Maryland from 1797 to 1799.
MattockSf John, — Born in Hartford, Connecti-
cut, in 1776, and was a resident of Peacham, Vermont ;
he was for many years distinguished as a successful
lawyer ; had held various public trusts, being for
two years Judge of the Supreme Court of Vermont ;
and a Representative in Congress from 1821 to 1825,
and from 1841 to 1843 ; also Governor of the State one
year, declining a re-election to that office. He died at
Peacham, Vermont, August 14, 1847.
MattooUf Ebenezer, — Born in Amherst, Massn-
chusetts, August 19,1755; graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1776. In 1797 he was a Presidential Elec-
tor. He was a Major in the war of 1812, and Sheriff
of Hampshire : a Representative in Congress, from
Massachusetts, from 1801 to 1803, having succeeded
L. Lyman, resigned, and in 1816 he was chosen Ad-
jutant-General of Militia. He died in Amherst, Sep-
tember 11, 1843, aged eighty-eight years.
Maulf Joseph, — He was Acting Governor of
Delaware in 1846, having previously been elected
Lieutenant-Governor.
Maurice f James, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress, from that
State, from 1853 to 1855.
Maury, Abraham JP, — A Representative in
Congress, from Tennessee, from 1835 to 1839 ; died
at liis residence, in Williamson Countv, Tennessee,
July 22, 1848.
Maury, Matthew Fontaine,— Bom in Spott-
sylvania County, Virginia, January 14, 1806 ; removed
with his parents to Tennessee in liis youth ; was ap-
pointed Midshipman February 1, 1825, and while cir-
cumnavigating the globe in The Vincennes began his
278
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
treatise on Navigation ; was promoted Lieutenant
June 10, 1836. He met vvitli an accident in 1889 which
unfitted him for active service ; he then engaged him-
self in literary pursuits ; wrote a series of papers on
various abuses in the nav}^, entitled, " Scraps from the
Lucky Bag, by Harry Bluff," for the Southern Lite-
rary Messenger. He was placed in charge of the Hy-
drographical Office, and on its union with the Naval
Observatory in 1844, was made Superintendent. His
Paper respecting the Gulf Stream, Great Circle Sail-
ing, and Ocean Currents, etc., was read before the
National Institute and printed. He investigated the
** Physical Geography of the Sea," and published a
work with that title in New York, 1855. He was
made Commander in 1861, but threw aside his ap-
pointments, and joined the Rebellion. He was made
President of the University of Alabama in 1871 ; was
a member of the principal scientific associations of
Europe and America, from whom he has received dis-
tinguished honors. He published " Letters on the
Amazon and the Atlantic Slopes of South America,"
" Relation between Navigation and the Circulation of
the Atmosphere," " Astronomical Observations," and
also several addresses before literary and scientific
institutions. His school geographies are much used
as text-books, and his wind and current charts are
published by the Observatory for general distribution
among mariners. Died February 1, 1873.
JMLadcey, S. JS, — Born in Monroe County, Ken-
tucky, March 80, 1825 ; educated there in private
schools until seventeen years of age. In 1842 entered
as a Cadet at West Point, and graduated in 1846 ;
joined the Seventh Regiment of United States Infan-
try at Monterey, Mexico, as brevet Second Lieuten-
ant. In 1847 received brevet as First Lieutenant for
services at Contreras and Cherubusco ; served through
the Mexican war, and resigned in 1849 ; returned to
Kentucky, studied law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1850 ; removed to Texas in 1857, and in 1861 was
elected State Senator for four years ; declined to ac-
cept, and raised the Ninth Texas Infantry for the
Confederate service, and was made Colonel ; was
Brigadier-General in 1862, Major-General in 1864,
commanded the District of the Indian Territory from
1863 to the close of the war, and was also Superinten-
dent of Indian Affairs ; resumed the practice of law,
and in 1874 was elected United States Senator from
Texas.
Madcejjf Virgil, — Born at Attleborough, Massa-
chusetts ; studied law with R. G. Harper, of Mary-
land, and settled in that State, where he soon became
eminent in his profession. He was a member of both
houses of the Legislature ; Solicitor of the United
States Treasury, and Charge d'Affaires to Belgium.
He published " Compilation of the Laws of Maryland
from 1692 to 1809," 4 vols. 8vo. 1809 ; "Oration be-
fore the Phi Beta Kappa Society," in 1833. He was
killed February 28, 1844, on board the United States
Steamer Princeton, by the explosion of one of her
guns.
Maxivell, Augustus J5J.— Born in Elberton,
Georgia, September 21, 1820 ; received the benefit of
country schools in Alabama, and graduated at the
University of Virginia ; studied law, removed to Flor-
ida, was elected in 1847 to the Assembly of that
State, was Secretary of State in 1848 ; a State Senator
in 1849 ; was a member of Congress from 1853 to
1857, refusing a re-nomination, and in 1857 was ap-
pointed, by President Buchanan, Navy Agent at Pen-
sacola, Florida. In 1866 he was appointed President
of the Pensacola and Montgomery Railroad.
Maxwell f George C* — He was a native of New
Jersey, graduated at Princeton College in 1792, and
in
was a Representative in Congress, from that State,
from 1811 to 1813.
31adcwellf J, JP. ^. — Born in New Jersey in
1805, graduated at Princeton College in 1823 ; studied
law ; was admitted to the bar in 1827 ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1837 to 1839, and again
from 1841 to 1848. He died at Belvidere, New Jersey,
November 14, 1845. He was a candidate for election
to the Twenty-sixth Congress, and although he came
with the broad seal of his State, he was not admit-
ted.
Maocivellf Leivis, — He was a native of Virginia,
and a Representative in Congress, from that State,
from 1827 to 1833.
Maocwellf Thomas, — He was a Representative
Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831.
May, Henry, — He was born in the District of
Columbia, received a liberal education, adopted the
profession of law, and was a Representative in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1853 to 1855. Re-elected
to the Thirty-seventh Congress. He was appointed
by President Pierce to visit Mexico on business with
the " Gardiner Claim ; " and during the Rebellion he
voluntarily went to Richmond on a peace mission,
but was unsuccessful. Died in Baltimore, Septem-
ber 25, 1863.
May, Williafn L, — He was born in Kentucky,
and was a Representative in Congress, from Illinois,
from 1835 to 1839.
3Iayallf Samuel, — He was born in Maine ;
served in the State Legislature in 1845, 1847, and 1848,
and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine,
from 1853 to 1855.
jyiayer, Charles F, — Born in Maryland, attained
a high position at the bar of Maryland, as well as
Judge of the Court of Appeals at Annapolis, and as
a Judge of the United States. Died in Baltimore,
January 3, 1864, aged about sixty-seven years.
IHayhaiUf S, i.— He was born in Blenheim,
Schoharie County, New York, October 8, 1825 ; re-
ceived an academic education, studied law, and came
to the bar in 1848. In 1857 he was elected Supervisor
of Blenheim, and re-elected three times. In 1859 he
was elected District Attorney for Schoharie County
for three years ; wafe a member of the State Assembly
in 1863, and in 1868 he was elected a Representative,
from New York, to the Forty-first Congress, serving
on the Committee on Expenses in the Post-Office De-
partment.
Maynard, Horace, — He was born in West-
borough, Massachusetts, August 30, 1814, graduated
at Amherst College in 1838, and soon afterwards em-
igrated to Tennessee. He entered the University of
East Tennessee as a tutor, and subsequently received
the appointment of Professor of Mathematics in that
institution ; during that period he studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1844. He acquired an ex-
tensive practice in his profession, held a number of
local offices in his adopted State, was a Presidential
Elector in 1852, and was elected a Representative,
from Tennessee, to the Thirty-fifth Congress. Dur-
ing the first session of that Congress, he was Chair-
man of the Special Committee to investigate the ac-
counts of William Cullom, late Clerk of the House of
Representatives, and was a member of the Commit-
tee on Claims. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving on the same committee ; and also
re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. For his
loyalty during the troubles of 1861, his property was
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
279
confiscated, and lie, as well as his family, were driven
from Eastern Tennessee by the Rebel government.
He was a Delegate to the " Baltimore Convention "
of 1864. After the close of the Rebellion, in 1865, he
was ]'e-elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to
the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not admitted to
his seat until near the end of the first session of that
Congress, and was made Chairman of the Committee
on Southern Railroads, and placed on the Committee
on the District of Columbia. He was also a Delegate
to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866.
Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Ways and Means, and was President of
the " Border State Convention" held in Baltimore, in
1867. He was also elected to the Forty-second and
Forty-third Congresses, and, in March, 1875, he was
appointed by President Grant Minister Resident to
Turkey. During his last term in Congress, he was
Chairman of the Committee on Banking.
ISIaynard, fJohn, — He was a resident of New
York, and graduated at Union College in 1810 ; stud-
ied law, and commenced practice at Seneca Falls, and
then removed to Auburn. He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829, and gave
a zealous support to the administration of Mr. Adams ;
he was subsequently a member of the New York Sen-
ate for four years ; and again from 1841 to 1843, a
member of Congress ; he was Judge of the Supreme
Court of New York, and from January, 1850, a Judge
of the Court of Appeals. He died in Auburn, New
York, March 24, 1850.
Mayrantf JFilliam, — He was a native of South
Carolina, and a Representative in Congress from that
State during the years 1815 and 1816.
McAfee, Hohert S, — Born in Mercer County,
Kentucky, in 1784 ; was appointed Captain in R. M.
Johnson's regiment of Kentucky Volunteers, under
General Harrison, at the Battle of the Thames ; was
Lieutenant-Governor of Kentucky from 1820 to 1824 ;
Charge d' Affaires to Columbia from 1835 to 1837.
Author of ' ' History of the Late War in the Western
Country," in 1816.
McAllister, Archibald. — He was born in
Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, in 1814 ; and having
settled in Blair County, was for thirty-three years
engaged in the manufacture of iron. In 1862 he was
elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Military Affairs.
McAllister, Matthew Hall, — Born in Savan-
nah, Georgia, November 26, 1800 ; was a prominent
lawyer, and appointed United States District Attorney
for Georgia, a post held by his father during the ad-
ministration of Washington ; was for some years
Mayor of Savannah ; an opponent of Nullification in
1832 ; a member of the Legislature in 1835 ; State
Senator for five years ; and caused the establishment
of the Court of Errors. He emigrated with his family
to California in 1850 ; and from 1855 to 1862 was
United States Circuit Judge of that State. He was
the author of a Eulogy on President Jackson, and a
volume of legal opinions published by his son. He
received the degree of LL. D. from Columbia College.
Died at San Francisco, California, December 19,
1865.
Mc Arthur, Arthur. — He was born in Scotland ;
settled in Wisconsin ; was Lieutenant-Governor of
the same in 1856 ; was elected to a Judgeship in that
State, which he held until 1869 ; and in 1870 he was
appointed one of the Justices of the Supreme Court
of the United States for the District of Columbia.
McA rthiir, Duncan. — He was born in Dutchess
County, New York, in 1772. When he was eight
years of age he removed with his father to Pennsyl-
vania, and at the age of eighteen he volunteered in
defense of the frontier settlements of Ohio against
the Indians. He studied surveying, and acquired
great wealth in the business of buying and selling
lands, in addition to surveying them. In 1805 he was
a member of the Legislature, and in 1806 was ap-
pointed Colonel, and in 1808 Major-General of the
State Militia. He performed valuable services during
the War of 1813, in which he held a General's com-
mission, and although elected to Congress in 1812,
declined leaving his command ; in 1815 was again a
member of the Legislature, and 1816 was appointed
Commissioner to conclude Treaties with the Indians ;
from 1817 to 1819 was in the Legislature, and Speaker
of the House in 1817. He was a Representative in
Congress from Ohio from 1823 to 1825, and in 1830
was chosen Governor of the State, which position he
held until 1833, and while in that service met with
an accident, from the effects of which he never re-
covered.
McSride, James, — He was a citizen of Oregon ;
appointed Minister Resident to Hawaii in 1863, and
returned to the United States in 1866.
McBride, John M. — Was born in Franklin
County, Missouri, August 22, 1832 ; emigrated to
Oregon in 1846 ; in 1854 he was chosen Superintend-
ent of Common Schools ; studied law, and came to
the bar in 1855 ; in 1857 he was a Delegate to the
Convention which formed the Oregon State Constitu-
tion ; was chosen to the State Senate for four years
after its adoption ; and in 1862 he was elected a
Representative from Oregon to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs.
He was subsequently appointed Chief Justice of the
United States Court for the Territory of Idaho.
McCaleb, Theodore H. — He was a citizen of
Louisiana, residing in New Orleans ; and in 1842 he
was appointed United States Judge for the two Dis
tricts of Louisiana.
McCalla, John, — He was born in Virginia ; and
in 1845 he was appointed Second Auditor of the
Treasury, remaining in office until 1849.
McCalmont, Alfred J3. — He was a native of
Pennsylvania ; educated for the bar ; and in 1859 he
was appointed the First Assistant Attorney-General
of the United States, and remained in oiiice until
1861.
McCandless, TVilson, — He was born in Pitts-
burg, Pennsylvania, about the year 1811 ; educated
at the Western University ; studied law, and came
to the bar in 1831 ; practiced his profession in Pitts-
burg for more than twenty-five years ; and in 1859
he was appointed United States District Judge for
Western Pennsylvania. In early life he devoted
some attention to politics, and in later life he has
been identified with many of the local interests of his
city and State, and as a mason and a churchman has
assisted many benevolent institutions. From Union
College he received the degree of Doctor of Laws.
McCarthy, Dennis, — He was born in the vil-
lage of Salina, now within the limits of Syracuse,
New York, March 19, 1814 ; received a common-
school and academical education ; turned his atten-
tion to the mercantile business, and became a manu-
facturer of salt ; in 1846 he was elected to the State
Legislature ; in 1853 he was Mayor of Syracuse, and
after holding various other positions of trust and
honor, was elected in 1866 a Representative from
280
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
New York to the Fortietli and Forty-first Congresses,
serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Roads
and Canals, and Ways and Means. In 1875 he was
elected to the Senate of New York.
McCartijf Andrew Z. — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1855 to 1857. He was also a member
of the New York Assembly in 1848.
McCarty f tfonathan, — Was a native of Ten-
nessee, but removed with his father at an early age
to Indiana. He engaged in mercantile pursuits, and
was for a time Clerk of the Circuit or County Court at
Connersville. He was a Representative in Congress
from Indiana from 1831 to 1837. He left Indiana for
Iowa, where he died in 1855.
McCarty, Hi chard. — Was born in Albany,
New York, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1821 to 1823.
McCarty^ William M. — He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Virginia from 1840 to
1841.
McCausleUf William C. — He was bom in
Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1843 to 1845.
McCleaiif 3Ioses, — He was born in Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania, in 1804 ; studied law, came to the bar
in 1825, and settled in Gettysburg ; was a Represent-
ative in Congress from 1845 to 1847 ; in 1855 he was
elected to the State Legislature ; was for several
years President of the Board of Trustees of Pennsyl-
vania College ; acquired a large practice in his pro-
fession, and died in his native place, October 1, 1870.
3IcClella}if AbraJiam, — He was born in Ten-
nessee, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1837 to 1843.
McClellan^ George JBrinfon. — He was the
son of a distinguished physician, George McClellan,
and born in Philadelphia, December 3, 1826 ; grad-
uated at West Point in 1846 ; distinguished himself
as a Lieutenant and Captain in the war with Mexico ;
in 1847 entered West Point as au Instructor, and pre-
pared a ''Manual on Bayonet Exercise," which be-
came a text-book in the service ; in 1852 he accom-
panied his father-in-law. General R. B. Marcy, as
engineer on his expedition to Texas ; was detailed to
explore the route for the Pacific Railway, his Report
forming the first of the complete work in thirteen
volumes ; in 1855 he visited the Crimea with Dela-
field and Mordeica, and published a Report of his
observations on the " Armies of Europe ; " resigned
his commission and spent three years as engineer and
Vice-President of the Illinois Central Railroad ; and
also had charge of other important roads in the West.
When the Rebellion commenced he was appointed
Major-General of Volunteers in Ohio ; w^as soon made
Major-General in the Regular Army, and on the re-
tirement of General Scott was made General-in-Chief
of the American Army. He commanded the Army of
the Potomac in the protracted Peninsula Campaign ;
won the Battle of Antietam, and resigned from the
Army in 1864. He was the Democratic Candidate for
President, and received nearly one million eight
hundred thousand votes, while Abraham Lincoln was
re-elected by about two million two hundred thou-
sand. He published a number of books on military
matters, and a Report on the Organization and Cam-
paigns of the Army of the Potomac, Of late years he
has traveled in Europe. His Life was written by
Georjre S. Hillard.
McClellan f Hobert, — He was a native of Scho-
harie County, New York, and was a Representative
in Congress from that State from 1837 to 18S9, and
again from 1841 to 1843. Died in 1860, aged fifty-
five years.
McClelland^ Robert, — Born in Franklin Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, in 1807. He graduated at Dickin-
son College ; practiced law for a year or so in Pitts-
burg, and in 1833 removed to Michigan and estab-
lished himself at Monroe. He served for several
years in the Legislature of that State ; and was a
Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1849. He
was Governor of Michigan in 1852 and 1853 ; in
1853 was appointed Secretary of the Interior Depart-
ment by President Pierce, the duties of which posi-
tion he performed until 1857. He subsequently set-
tled in Detroit and practiced his profession there.
Was a Delegate to the New York Convention of
1868.
3IcClellandf William, — He was born in Mount
Jackson, Pennsylvania, March 2, 1842 ; attended
Westminster College at New Wilmington, Pennsyl-
vania ; at ihe outbreak of the Rebellion enlisted as a
private in the First Artillery, and served over four
years, becoming Commander ; participated in all the
battles fought by the Army of the Potomac, except
Chancellorsville and Gettysburg; subsequently attend-
ed Allegheny College, at Meadville, Pennsylvania ;
studied law, and admitted to practice in 1870 ; and
was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on
the Committee on Manufactures.
McClenachanf Blair, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1797 to
1799.
McClenCf tfames, — He was a Delegate from
Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1778
to 1780.
3IcClernandf John ^.— Bom in Breckenridge
County, Kentucky, May 30, 1812 ; brought up at
Shawneetown, Illinois, and had only the advantages
of a common-school education. He studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1832, and served as a pri-
vate, but with credit, in the Black Hawk War. He
established the first Democratic press in Shawnee-
town, and edited his paper and practiced law until
1843, when lie was elected to Congress from Illinois,
and served as a Representative until 1851. He had
also, before going to Congress, been elected to the
State Legislature. In 1859 he was again elected to
Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims. Re-
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but resigned
to accept the commission of Brigadier-General in the
Union Army in 1861. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866.
McClunfff Alexander K, — Born in Mason
County, Kentucky, about 1812 ; enlisted in the Navy
when a lad ; afterward studied law, and practiced in
Mississippi ; was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Mexican
War, and severely wounded at Monterey. From
1849 to 1851 was Charge d'Affaires to Bolivia. De-
livered an able eulogium on Henry Clay at the State
Capitol in 1852.
McCliingf William,— Re was appointed by
President Adams, in 1801, United States Judge of
the Circuit Court for the Sixth Circuit.
McClurg, Joseph W, — Born in St. Louis
County, Missouri, February 22, 1818 ; received a
good education, chiefly at Oxford College, Ohio ; in
his seventeenth year he went to Louisiana and Mis-
sissippi, and spent nearly two years as a teacher ;
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
281
went to Texas in 1841, where he was admitted to the
bar, and was Clerk of the Circuit Court ; in 1844 he
settled in Missouri as a merchant ; when the Rebel-
lion broke out his interests suffered greatly from the
plunder of the Rebels ; took part in the War as Col-
onel of the Osage Regiment of Infantry, and also of a
Cavalry Regiment ; was a member of the Missouri
" State Convention" in 1862, and was elected a Rep-
resentative from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Territories. He
was also a Delegate to the " Baltimore Convention "
of 1864, Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on the Death of President
Lincoln, Elections, and as Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Southern Railroads. He was also a Delegate
to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ;
and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. In 1868
he was elected Governor of Missouri, and after the
expiration of his term, he went extensively into the
business of mining.
McCoitiaSf William, — Was born in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1833 to 1837, and was a member of the
Committee on Manufactures.
McCombf Eleazer, — He was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress from Delaware from 1782 to
1784.
WcConihe^ Isaac, — He was born in Merri-
mack, New Hampshire, in 1787 ; studied law, and be-
came a leader at the bar of Troy, New York ; held
many important positions, among which were Master
in Chancery and Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas. Died in Troy, November 2, 1867.
McConnellf Felioo G, — Was a native of Lin-
coln Connty, Tennessee, but removed in 1824 to Tal-
ladega County, Alabama. He was brought up a
mechanic, but subsequently adopted the profession
of law. He was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1843 to 1846. He died, by his own
hand, in Washington, District of Columbia, Septem-
ber, 1846, aged thirty-six years.
WcConnellf Wurray, — He was born in Illinois,
and in 1855 he was appointed Fifth Auditor of the
Treasury, where he remained until 1859.
McCookf Edward M, — Born in Steubenville,
Ohio, in June, 1834 ; educated in a log school-house ;
went to Minnesota in 1856, and became Private Sec-
retary of the Governor ; emigrated to Pike's Peak in
1859 ; member of the Kansas Legislature in 1860 ;
entered the army at the opening of the Rebellion
and by 1864 had attained the rank of Brevet Major-
General. His exploits on the battle field were nu-
merous and distinguished. Between the years 1866
and 1869 he was Minister to the Hawaiian Islands,
and in the latter year was appointed Governor of
Colorado.
JMcCord, Andrew, — He was a member of the
New York Assembly, during the years 1800 to 1801,
1802, and 1807, part of the time Speaker ; and was a
Representative in Congress from that State from
1803 to 1805.
McCorkle, Joseph W, — He was born in Ohio,
and was a Representative in Congress from Califor-
nia from 1851 to 1853.
McCormickf flames It, — Born in Washington
County, Missouri, August 1, 1824 ; received a com-
mon-school education, and in 1849 received the de-
gree of M.D. ; he was elected a Delegate to the State
Convention of 1861 ; in 1862 to the State Senate ;
served as a Brigadier-General of Militia in 1863, and
was appointed by President Lincoln a Surgeon in the
army, which he resigned ; was again elected to the
State Senate in 1866 ; and was elected a Representa-
tive from Missouri to the Fortieth Congress, to fill a
vacancy, serving on the Committee on Private Land
Claims. Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-sec-
ond Congresses, serving on various Committees.
McCormichf Richard C, — Born in New York
City in 1832 ; received a classical education ; entered
into business in Wall Street in 1850 ; visited Europe
during the Crimean war, and published a book of
correspondence which was successful in England ;
also a volume entitled " St. Paul to St. Sophia ; or
Sketchings in Europe ;" from 1857 to 1861, he was a
Trustee of Public Schools in New York ; in 1859 he
edited the Young Men's Magazine, and contributed to
other periodicals ; was a " War Correspondent" for
several leading New York journals ; in 1862 was
Chief Clerk of the Department of Agriculture in
Washington ; in 1863 he was appointed Secretary of
Arizona Territory ; in 1866 he was appointed Gover-
nor of the Territory ; and in 1868 he was elected
Delegate from Arizona to the Forty-first Congress, and
re-elected to the two succeeding Congresses. In 1875
he was appointed a Commissioner to the Centennial
Exhibition.
McCoj/,, Robert, — He resided at one time in
Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and held several public posi-
tions in that State, such as Brigadier-General of Mi-
litia and Canal Commissioner. He was a member of
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1831 to 1833, and
died at Wheeling, Virginia, June 7, 1849.
McCoy, William, — He was born in Augusta
County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1811 to 1833.
McCrary f George W, — Born in Indiana, Au-
gust 27, 1835 ; removed with his parents to Wisconsin
Territory in 1836 ; studied law, and came to the bar
in Keokuk, Iowa, in 1856 ; in 1857 he was elected to
the State Legislature ; in 1861 he was elected to the
State Senate for four years ; and after devoting all his
time to the practice of his profession until 1868, he
was then elected a Representative from Iowa to the
Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on
Revision of Laws, and Naval Affairs. He was also
re-elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-
third Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Com-
mittees on Elections, and Railroads and Canals.
WcCratCf tlohn D, — He was born in Wiscasset,
about 1800 ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1819 ;
adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the
State Legislature from 1831 to 1836 ; Collector of Cus-
toms at Wiscasset from 1836 to 1841 ; and a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Maine from 1845 to
1847.
WcCreary, tlames R, — He was born in Madi-
son County, Kentucky, in 1835 ; graduated at the Law
University of Tennessee ; settled as a lawyer in Rich-
mond, Kentucky ; served as a Colonel in the Confed-
erate Army ; was a Presidential Elector in 1868 ; was
afterwards elected to the State Legislature for three
terms, serving as Speaker for four years ; and in
August, 1875, was inaugurated Governor of Ken-
tucky.
McCreary, John, — He was born in Chester
District, South Carolina, and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1819 to 1821.
McCreary , William, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Maryland from 1803 to 1809.
282
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
BlcCreedy, William, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1829 to 1831.
3IcCreeri/f Thomas C. — He was bom in Ken-
tucky in 1817 ; studied law, but instead of practicing
the profession, turned Ms attention to agricultural
pursuits ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; a Visit-
or to the West Point Academy in 1858 ; and in 1868
was elected a Senator in Congress in the place
of James Guthrie, resigned ; that term expired in
1871. He was re-elected in 1873 for the term ending
in 1879, serving on the Committees on Foreign Rela-
tions, Indian Affairs, Civil Service, and Retrench-
ment.
McCullochf George, — He was bom in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1840 to 1841.
McCulloch, Hugh, — He was bom in Kenne-
bunk, Maine ; in 1824 he entered Bowdoin College,
but left in his sophomore year on account of his
health ; studied law, and on being admitted to prac-
tice, removed to Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1833 ; in
1835 he was chosen Cashier of the Branch of the State
Bank of Indiana, and as such, and also as a Director,
he was connected with it until 1857 ; in that year he
was elected President of the State Bank, in which posi-
tion he continued until 1863 ; by President Lincoln he
was soon afterwards appointed Comptroller of the
Currency, which Bureau he organized and put into
successful operation ; and in March, 1865, he entered
the Cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury.
3IcCullochf John. — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1853 to 1855.
McCulloch, Thomas G, — He was bom in
Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and was a Represent-
ative in Congress frem that State from 1820 to 1822,
for the unexpired term of D. Fullerton.
McCulloughf Hiram, — ^He was bom in Cecil
Count}^ Maryland, September 20,1813 ; educated at the
Elkton Academy ; read law, and was admitted to the
bar in 1838 ; was elected to the Maryland Senate in
1845, and re-elected in 1846, serving as such until the
adoption of the Constitution of 1851 ; in the winter of
1852 and 1853 he was appointed by the Legislature
one of the Codifiers of the Laws of Maryland, and aid-
ed in making the present code of that State. He also
held various oflBces of trust and responsibility con-
nected with the courts, and the town and county of his
residence ; and he was elected a Representative from
Maryland to the Thirty-ninth Congress, ser\dng on
the Committee on the District of Columbia. Re-elect-
ed to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his old Com-
mittee, and on that on Accounts. Was a Delegate to
the New York Convention of 1868.
McCurdy, Charles Johnson, — ^Born at Lyme,
Connecticut, December 7, 1797 ; graduated at Tale
College in 1817 ; he studied law with Judge Swift ;
was prominent in the profession ; was a member of
both branches of the Legislature, and three years
Speaker of the House ; Lieutenant-Governor in 1845
and 1846 ; United States Minister to Austria in 1851
and 1852 ; in 1856 was appointed a Judge of the Su-
perior Court, and subsequently on the Supreme Bench
until 1867. In February, 1861, he was an active mem-
ber of the Peace Congress. He received the degree
of LL.D. from Yale College.
McCurdy^ S, F, — He was born in Kentucky, and
removed to Missouri, from which State he was ap-
pointed an Associate Justice of the United States
Court for the Territory of Utah, residing at Fort
Bridger.
3IcDillf Aleocander S, — He was born in Craw-
ford County, Pennsylvania, March 18, 1822 ; gradu-
ated at the Cleveland Medical College ; was engaged
in the general practice of his profession from 1848
until 1856, when he removed to Portage County, Wis-
consin ; was elected to the State House of Represent-
atives in 1861, and to the State Senate in 1862 ; chosen
a Presidential Elector in 1864 ; was one of the Board
of Managers of the Wisconsin State Hospital for the
Insane from 1862 to 1868, when he was elected Medi-
cal Superintendent, Avhich position he resigned to take
his seat in the Forty-third Congress, serving on the
Committee on Education and Labor.
3IcDill, James Wilson, — He was born in Mon-
roe, Ohio, March 4, 1834 ; graduated at the Miami
University, Ohio, in 1853 ; studied law at Columbus,
Ohio ; admitted to the bar in 1856, and removed to
Iowa ; was elected Judge of Union County in 1859 ;
appointed in 1861 Clerk of the Senate Committee on
the District of Columbia, and a Clerk in the oifice of
the Third Auditor of the Treasury, in which he served
until 1865, when he resigned, and returned to Iowa ;
was elected Circuit Judge in 1868 ; appointed in 1870,
and then elected District Judge, and was elected to
the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving
on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad.
jyicDonaldf Alexander, — He was born in
Clinton County, Pennsylvania, April 10, 1832 ; was ed-
ucated chiefly at the Lewisburg University ; emigrated
to Kansas in 1857, and turned his attention to mercan-
tile pursuits ; took a leading part in raising troops for
the Union Army during the Rebellion, and for a time
supported three regiments at his private expense ; in
1863 he settled in Arkansas as a merchant ; established
and became President of a National Bank at Fort
Smith ; also became President of the Merchant's Na-
tional Bank at Little Rock ; and was elected a Sena-
tor in Congress from Arkansas for the term ending in
1871, having taken his seat on the admission of that
State into the Union, serving on the Committees on
the Post-Office, Territories, and Manufactures. He
was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention in
1868.
McDonaldf Charles J, — He was Governor of
Georgia from 1839 to 1843.
3fcDonaldf David, — He was a Judge of the
United States Court for the District of Indiana.
3IcDonald, J, E, — Bom in Butler County, Ohio,
August 29, 1819 ; removed to Indiana at the age of
seven ; was apprenticed to the saddler's trade at Craw-
fordsville ; was two years in college but did not grad-
uate ; was admitted to the bar in 1843, elected Prose-
cuting Attorney in that year, and held the office four
years ; in 1849 was elected a Representative in Con-
gress, and served one term ; elected Attorney-General
of the State in 1856 ; re-elected in 1858 ; removed to
Indianapolis in 1859 ; was a Candidate for Governor
in 1864, but defeated ; elected to the United States
Senate in 1875, for the term ending in 1881.
McDougallf Alexander, — Born in Scotland in
1731 ; came to America with his father about 1755 ;
settled near New York, in which city his youth was
spent in various active employments. While a printer,
the action of the State Assembly in 1769 in rejecting
the vote by ballot, and favoring the bill of supplies
for troops quartered in the city, caused him to issue an
address entitled "A Son of Liberty to the Betrayed
Inhabitants of the Colony." This was voted by the
Assembly a seditious paper, and he was imprisoned.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
283
Upon regaining his liberty, he presided over the
meeting preparatory to electing Delegates for the
Continental Congress. He was appointed Colonel of
the First New York Regiment ; Brigadier-General, Au-
gust 9, 1776 ; Major-General, October 20, 1777 ; super-
intended the embarkation of troops on the evening of
August 29, 1776, after the defeat on Long Island ; was
actively engaged on Chatterton's Hill, White Plains,
October 28, and in various places in New Jersey ; and
in the spring of 1777 took command at Peekskill, but
was compelled, by a. superior force, to retreat, March
23 ; was in the Battle of German town ; took command
of the posts on the Hudson, March 16, 1778 ; and with
Kosciusko pushed the construction of fortifications on
the Highlands until the close of 1780. He was a Del-
egate from New York to the Continental Congress in
1781 and 1782, again in 1784 and 1785. In 1781 was
appointed by Congress Minister of Marine, but did not
long remain in Philadelphia. In 1783 when the army
went into winter quarters at Newburg, he was the
head of the Committee sent to Congress to represent
its grievances. He was a member of the New York
Senate in 1783, and remained in that position till his
death, which occurred in New York City, June 8,
1786.
McDougallf Jaines A, — Was born in Bethle-
hem, Albany County, New York, November 19, 1817 ;
received his education at the Albany Grammar School ;
assisted in the survey of the first railway ever built in
this country, that of Albany and Schenectady ; studied
law, and adopted that profession ; removed to Pike
County, Illinois, in 1837 ; in 1842 he was chosen At-
torney-General of Illinois ; re-elected in 1844 ; in 1849
he originated and accompanied an exploring expedi-
tion to Rio del Norte, the Gila, and Colorado ; he
afterwards emigrated to California, and followed his
profession at San Francisco ; in 1850 was elected At-
torney-General of California ; was a Representative
in Congress from California from 1853 to 1855, declin-
ing a re-nomination ; and in 1861 he was elected a
Senator in Congress for six years, serving on the Com-
mittees on Finance, and Naval Affairs, and as Chair-
man of the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. He
was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of
1864, and to the Philadelphia "National Union Con-
vention " of 1866. Died at Albany, September 3,
1867.
McDougallf John, — He was Acting Governor
of California from 1851 to 1852.
jyiciyowellf fJafnes, — He was born in Rock-
bridge County, Virginia, in 1796, and graduated at
Princeton College in 1817. He was Governor of Vir-
ginia from 1842 to 1845, and from 1845 to 1851 he was
a Representative in Congress from the Eleventh Con-
gressional District of Virginia. In 1846 his Alma
Mater conferred on him the degree of LL.D. He was
an eloquent speaker, an upright man, and a true
patriot. He died near Lexington, Virginia, August
24, 1851.
McDowellf James Foster, — Born in Mifflin
County, Pennsylvania, December 3, 1825 ; went with
his parents to Ohio in 1835 ; served for a time in a
printing-office, during which apprenticeship he
studied law, and came to the bar in his twenty-first
year, and his first office was that of County Attorney.
In 1851 he settled in Indiana, and established the
Marion Journal ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ;
and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from In-
diana to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Invalid Pensions.
McT>owell, Joseph, — Born in Winchester,
Virginia, and emigrated with his father to North
Carolina, where he took an active part in the mili-
tary operations of the time, ana was at the battle of
King's Mountain. He was a member of the House
of Commons from 1782 to 1788, and a Representative
in Congress from 1793 to 1795, and again from 1797
to 1799.
McDowellf Joseph J, — He was born in North
Carolina, and, on removing to Kentucky, was elected
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1843 to 1847.
McDiiffie, George, — He was bom in Columbia
County, Georgia, in 1788, was for a time a clerk in
Augusta ; graduated at the South Carolina College in
1813 ; adopted the profession of law ; served a num-
ber of years in the State Legislature ; was a Trustee
of his Alma Mater ; a Major of Militia ; was elected
a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina
in 1821, and served until 1835, when he was chosen
Governor of the State. In 1843 he was elected a
Senator of the United States, but was compelled by
ill-health to resign that station before the expiration
of his term of office His ill-health was partly the
result of a duel, which he fought in Augusta, Geor-
gia, with Colonel Cumming, in which he was wound-
ed. He was a co-worker and friend of Calhoun and
Hayne, and a eloquent defender of the peculiar in-
stitutions of the South. He died in Sumter District,
South Carolina, March 11, 1851.
McFaddeUf Ohadiah B, — He was born in
Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1817 ; was by
profession a lawyer ; elected to the Legislature of
Pennsylvania in 1843 ; Prothonotary for the Court of
Common Pleas of Washington County in 1845 ; in
1853 appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court for the Territory of Oregon ; in 1854 he was
appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court for
Washington Territory ; in 1858 he was appointed
Chief Justice of the same, and discharged the duties
until 1861 ; represented his District in the Legislative
Council ; and was elected to the Forty-third Congress
as a Delegate from Washington Territory. Died at
Olympia, Washington Territory, June 25, 1875.
McFarlan, Duncan, — A Representative in
Congress from North Carolina from 1805 to 1807, and
subsequently a member of the State Senate for three
years.
McFarlafidf William, — Born in Dandridge,
Jefferson County, Tennessee, September 15, 1821, his
father and grandfather having served their country
as soldiers ; educated in the old-time schools of the
country ; studied law, but owing to family circum-
stances was obliged to follow several business pur-
suits ; when the Rebellion opened, he sided with the
Union, and was imprisoned by the Confederates ; af-
ter the war he began to practice law ; became Judge
of the Circuit Court, and held various local positions,
and he was elected a Representative from Tennessee
to the Forty- fourth Congress.
McGaughey f Edtvard W, — He was born in
Indiana, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1845 to 1847, and for another term
ending in 1851. Died August 18, 1852.
WcGrafhf A, G, — Was a native of South Caro-
lina, well educated, and while residing in Charleston,
was appointed Judge of the United States Court for
the District of South Carolina.
McGreWf James C — Born in Preston County,
West Virginia, September 13, 1813 ; received a good
education ; worked on his father's farm, when not at
school, until 1833 ; then turned his attention to mer-
cantile pursuits, which he followed until 1861 ; was
284
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS
a Delegate in that year to the Richmond Convention,
and voted against the ordinance of secession ; with-
drew from the convention, and afterward, with eleven
others, was expelled ; in 1863, 1864, and 1865, he was
elected to the Legislature of West Virginia, having
assisted in organizing the new State ; in 1866, he
withdrew his attention from public affairs, and de-
voted himself to the banking business ; was also a
Director of the West Virginia Hospital for the In-
sane ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative
from that State to the Forty-first Congress, serving
on the Committees on Freedmen's Affairs, and Roads
and Canals. Re-elected to the Forty-second Congress,
serving on several Committees.
McGreiVf J". M, — He was born in Cincinnati,
Ohio ; received a good education in that city ; com-
menced active life by teaching school ; became Clerk
of the District Court in Clermont County in 1854 ;
studied law, and soon came to the bar, practicing the
profession four years ; was appointed to a clerkship
in the Treasury Department by Secretary Chase ; be-
came Chief Clerk in the office of the Sixth Auditor ;
and after a faithful service of twelve years as a Clerk,
was appointed Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, entering
upon his duties as such, on the 1st of July, 1875. A
more satisfactory illustration of the happy effects of
the Civil Service Reform has seldom occurred in
Washington.
McGuire^ Williatn, — He was an early emi-
grant to the Territory of Mississippi, and in 1798 he
was appointed Chief Justice of the United States
Court for that District.
JMcIIattorif Robert, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Kentucky from 1826 to 1829.
McMenryf Henry D, — He was born in Hart-
ford, Kentucky, February 27, 1826 ; graduated at the
Transylvania School in 1845 ; was a member of the
State Legislature in 1851 and 1852 ; of the State Sen-
ate in 1861, 1862, 1863, and 1864 ; and again of the
House in 1865 and 1866 ; and was elected to the
Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on
the Pacific Railroad.
McHenry, James, — He was born about the
year 1755 ; was liberally educated ; adopted the pro-
fession of medicine, but did not practice ; served in
the Revolutionary struggle as an Aid-de-Camp to
General Washington, and also to General Lafayette ;
was a Delegate from Maryland, *to the Continental
Congress from 1783 to 1786 ; was a member of the
Convention that formed the Federal Constitution,
and signed that instrument ; was Secretary of War
from 1796 to 1801, having been appointed by Wash-
ington and continued in office by President Adams ;
but, as he opposed the policy of the Executive, he
was dismissed from the cabinet with Timothy Picker-
ing. The Fort near Baltimore was named as a com-
pliment to him
McHenryf JTohn H, — He was born in Ken-
tucky, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1843 to 1847.
Mcllvaine, Abraham R, — Born in Crum
Creek, Delaware, August 14, 1804. He was bred a
farmer, in which pursuit he was eminently success-
ful ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania from 1843 to 1849. Died in Chester
County, Pennsylvania, in August, 1863.
Mcllvaine, Joseph, — Was born in Bristol,
Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1768 ; received a
good education, and was admitted to the bar in New
Jersey in 1791 ; he took an interest in military mat-
ters, and in 1798 attained the rank of Captain in
McPherson's Regiment of Blues ; in 1800 he was
elected Clerk of Burlington County, and held the
office twenty- four years ; in 1801 he was appointed,
by President Jefferson, Attorney of the United States
for New Jersey, which office he also held for twenty
years ; in 1804 he was appointed Aid-de Camp of the
Governor of New Jersey, with the title of Colonel ; in
1818 he was appointed Judge of the Superior Court
of New Jersey, but declined the appointment ; and
he was a Senator in Congress from New Jersey from
1823 to 1826, having died in Burlington on the 19th
of August of the latter year. He was a man of high
character and great influence.
Mclndoef Walter D, — Was born in Scotland,
March 30, 1819 ; emigrated to New York City in his
fifteenth year ; and was a clerk in a large mercantile
house ; followed the same pursuit in Charleston,
South Carolina, and in St, Louis, Missouri, and sub-
sequently settled in Wisconsin, and engaged in the
lumber business ; served in the Wisconsin Legisla-
ture in 1850, 1854, and 1855 ; was a Presidential
Elector in 1856 and 1860 ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative from Wisconsin to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress (in place of Luther Hanchett, deceased), and was
re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Indian Affairs and Revolutionary
Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolu-
tionary Pensions, and again on that on Indian Affairs.
He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia ' ' Loyal-
ists' Convention " of 1866.
Wclntyre, Rufus, — Born in York, County of
York, Maine, December 19, 1874 ; received a common-
school education, and by teaching for two or three
years acquired the means to fit himself for college at
South Berwick Academy, and graduated at Dart-
mouth in 1809. He studied law, and was admitted to
practice in 1812. In the mean time war was declared,
and he was appointed Captain of Militia, and remained
in service on the frontier until peace was declared,
after which he returned to the practice of his profes-
sion at York. He represented that town in the " Bruns-
wick Convention ; " and after the separation from Mas-
sachusetts, he was a Representative in the Legislature
at its first session ; he was then appointed County At-
torney, which office he held till elected to Congress as
Representative from Maine, serving from 1827 to 1835.
In 1826 he was a Commissioner for Settling the Bound-
ary Line of his State, and in 1836 was a member of the
Legislature, and was appointed Land Agent for two
years in 1839. He was subsequently United States
Marshal for Maine, and Surveyor of the Port of Port-
land four years. He was connected with two or three
academies as Overseer, and was a member of the
Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College. Died in Par-
tonsfield, April 28, 1866.
Mclntyre, Archibald lliompson, — Was
born in Twiggs County, Georgia, October 27, 1822 ;
educated at the Thomasville Academy ; studied law at
Monticello, Florida, and Macon, Georgia ; was a mem-
ber of the State Legislature in 1849 ; a member of the
State Constitutional Convention of Georgia in 1865 ;
and was elected to the Forty-second Congress from
that State, serving on the Committee on Education
and Labor.
McJunJcifif Ebenezer, — He was bom in Butler
County, Pennsylvania, March 28, 1819 ; graduated at
Jefferson College in 1841 ; studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1843 ; was a Delegate to the Na-
tional Republican Convention at Chicago in 1860 ; was
a Presidential Elector in 1864 ; and was elected to the
Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
285
McKay, tf antes J, — Born in Bladen County,
North Carolina, in 1793. He was bred to the law, and
served from 1815 to 1831 in the State Senate, and was
at one time United States District Attorney. He was
a Representative in Congress from 1881 to 1849, and
was for a time Chairman of the Committee of Ways
and Means. At the " Baltimore Convention," in 1848,
which nominated Lewis Cass for President, he re-
ceived the vote of the North Carolina delegation as
Candidate for Vice-President. He died in Golds-
borough, North Carolina, September 14, 1853.
McKean, James Sedell, — Born in Hoosic,
Rensselaer County, New York, August 5, 1821 ; dur-
ing his youth he worked upon his father's farm in
Saratoga County, receiving his education chiefly from
the district school and academies ; taught school for a
time, and became a School Superintendent for the
town where he lived ; served one term as a Professor
in Jonesville Academy ; was a Colonel of Infantry ;
he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1849 ;
in 1854 he was elected County Judge for Saratoga
County for four years; and in 1858 was elected a Rep-
resentative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Ex-
penditures in the State Department. Re-elected to
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of
the Committee on Expenditures in the State Depart-
ment and on the Committee on Elections, as he had
done in the previous Congress. In 1861 he raised the
Seventy-seventh Regiment of New York Volunteers,
and commanded it in the Army of the Potomac. After
leaving Congress he was appointed Chief Justice of
Utah, but superseded in 1875, by I. C. Parker.
McKean, Samtiel. — He was born in Hunting-
ton County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1823 to 1829, and
a Senator of the United States from 1833 to 1839. He
died June 23, 1840, in McKean County. He was a man
of talent and influence.
McKean^ Thomas, — Born in Chester County,
Pennsylvania, March 19, 1734 ; received a liberal edu-
cation, and adopted the profession of law. In 1762
he was elected to the Delaware Assembly, and con-
tinued in that station for eleven years ; was a Dele-
gate to the New York Congress in 1765 ; while hold-
ing the office of Chief Justice in Pennsylvania, he
was elected a Delegate from Delaware to the Con-
tinental Congress from 1774 to 1776, and from 1778 to
1783 ; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence
and of the Articles of Confederation ; was Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas in Delaware ; he served in
the army as a Colonel ; was a member of the Conven-
tion to form the Constitution of Delaware, and was the
author of that instrument ; he was also a member of
the Convention which formed the Constitution of Penn-
sylvania in 1790 ; and he was Governor of Pennsyl-
vania from 1799 to 1808. He was the only man who
served through all the sessions of the Continental
Congress, and w^as President of that body in 1781.
Died in Philadelphia, June 24, 1817, leaving a high
reputation for patriotism and ability.
McKee, George C, — He was born in Jolief,
Illinois, October 2, 1837 ; educated at Knox College
and Lombard University ; admitted to the bar ; elected
Attorney of Centralia, Illinois, and practiced law ;
was a private in the Eleventh Illinois Infantry ; on the
reorganization for three years' service he was elected
Captain of his company ; served throughout the war
in various capacities and was wounded at Fort Don-
elson, Shiloh, and Vicksburg, commanding a picked
corps during the siege of the last-mentioned place ;
when in command of his own regiment and other de-
tachments on the Yazoo Expedition, he defeated the
assault at Yazoo City in 1864, after which he was
ordered, as Brigadier-General, to enroll and equip four
regiments of militia ; at the close of the war he set-
tled at Vicksburg, where he resumed the practice of
his profession ; was appointed Register in Bankruptcy
in 1867 ; a member of the Constitutional Convention
of Mississippi ; was elected to the Fortieth Congress,
but the State was refused admission ; and was re-
elected to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-
third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Ter-
ritories, and Levees, and as Chairman of the former in
the last Congress.
McKee, John, — He was born in Rockbridge
County, Virginia, and was at one time a Government
Agent among the Choctaw Indians, also a Commis-
sioner for Settling the Boundary Line of Tennessee,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1823 to 1829.
McKee, Samuel, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Kentucky from 1809 to 1817.
DldLee, Samuel, — He was born in Montgomery
County, Kentucky, November 4, 1833 ; received a
common-school education, attending school in winter
and working upon his father's farm the balance of the
year ; graduated at Miami University, Ohio, in 1857,
and also at the Cincinnati Law School in 1858, since
which time he has been devoted to the practice of law.
He served in the Union army as Captain of the Four-
teenth Kentucky Cavalry from 1862 to 1864, having
been a prisoner in Libby Prison for thirteen months ;
and in 1865 he was elected a Representative from
Kentucky to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Claims, Expenses in the Interior
Department, and the Special Committee on the
Civil Service. He was also a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.
McKennan^ Thomas 31. T, — He was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from
1831 to 1839, and from 1841 to 1843, and died at Read-
ing, July 9, 1852. He was a lawyer by profession ;
Secretary of the Interior Department under President
Fillmore for a brief period ; and the father of Wil-
liam McKennan.
McKennaUf William, — He was the son of
Thomas M. T. McKennan, and born in Washington,
Pennsylvania, September 27, 1816 ; graduated at
Washington College in 1833 ; studied law with his
father and came to the bar in 1837 ; joined his father
in the practice of law and remained with him until
his death ; in 1869 he was appointed Circuit Judge of
the United States for the Third Circuit. His only
other public position was that of Commissioner from
Pennsylvania to the Peace Conference of 1861.
McKennei/f Thomas Lorraine, — Born at
Hopewell, Chestertown, Maryland, March 21, 1785 ;
received a good education at Washington College, in
his native town, and was bred a merchant, which
business he followed in Georgetown, District of Co-
lumbia. In 1816 he was appointed by President
Madison Superintendent of Indian Affairs ; in 1824 he
was appointed to preside over the Bureau of Indian
Affairs, then for the first time organized in the War
Department. In 1826 was a Special Commissioner
with Lewis Cass to negotiate an important treaty
with the Chippewa Indians at Fond du Lac, in the
Territory of Michigan. In 1827 he piiblished a " Tour
to the Lakes," with Illustrations, and also originated
and published, in connection with James Hall, a
" History of the Indian Tribes," a very splendid
work in three folios, illustrated wdth one hundred
and twenty colored Indian portraits. He also pub-
lished in 1846, two volumes, entitled " Memoirs,
OfiBcial and Personal, with Sketches of Travel among
2Sr>
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
the Northern and Southern Indians." He was at one
time a Colonel in the militia. He died at New York,
February 20, 1858.
McKentf/f Jacob K. — He was born in Doug-
lassville, Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 1827 ; grad-
uated at Yale College in 1848, and at Yale Law
School in 1850 ; settled in Reading, and commenced
the practice of law in 1851 ; in 1856 he was elected
District Attorney for Berks County ; and was elected
a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, for the unexpired term of J. Swartz,
deceased. Died in Douglass\'ille, Berks County,
January 3, 1866.
31cli.enzie, Letvis, — He was born in Alex-
andria, Virginia, in 1810 ; received a common educa-
tion ; served three terms in the State Legislature ; was
JSlayor of Alexandria during the first year of the War
of the Rebellion ; President of the Alexandria, Lou-
don, and Hampshire Railroad, and of the First Na-
tional Bank of Alexandria ; and was elected to the
Forty-first Congress, serving on several Committees.
McKeorif John, — He was born in New York,
and was educated a lawyer. In 1832, 1833, and 1834
he served in the Legislature of New York, and was a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1835
to 1837, and again from 1841 to 1843. He was twice
appointed United States District Attorney for the
Southern District of New York. He was also a Dele-
gate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864, and to the
Philadelphia " National Union Convention" of 1866.
McKibbhi, Joseph C, — He was bom in Penn-
sylvania ; and having taken up his residence in Cali-
fornia, was elected a Representative from that State
to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of
the Committees on Public Lands and on Private Land
Claims.
McKlnif Alexander, — Born 1748, and died at
Baltimore, January 18, 1832. He was a member of
Congress from Maryland from 1809 to 1815.
McKiin, Isaac, — He was a much respected and
wealthy merchant of Baltimore ; a member of Con-
gress from Maryland from 1823 to 1825, and again
from 1835 to 1838 ; and died in Washington, April 1,
1838.
McKinlei/f John, — Born in Virginia ; removed
to Kentucky, thence to Alabama, and was a Sen-
ator in Congress from Alabama from 1826 to 1837. In
1837 he was appointed a Justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States, and died in Louisville,
Kentucky, July 19, 1852.
3IcKinlei/f Williain.—Re was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Virginia from 1810 to 1811.
3IcKinnei/f John F,—Re was born near Piqua,
Ohio, April 12, 1827 ; spent his boyhood chiefly on a
farm ; received an academic education, and spent one
year at the Ohio Wesleyan University ; adopted the
profession of law ; and, in 1862, he was elected a
Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Unfinished Busi-
ness and on the Militia. Re-elected to the Forty-sec-
ond Congress, serving on several Committees.
McKissockf Thomas, — He was born in Ulster
County, New York, in 1798. He received a classical
education ; was bred first to the medical and after-
wards to the legal profession ; was, under the old or-
ganization, a Judge of the Supreme Court of New
York ; and a Representative in Congress from 1849 to
1851.
3IcjK.night^ Robert, — Born in Pittsburg, Penn-
sylvania, in 1820 ; graduated at Princeton College, in
1839 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1842 ; from 1847 to 1849, both inclusive, he was a
member of the City Council of Pittsburg, and, the
last two years. President of that body ; and was elected
a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee
on Elections, Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs
and on Public Buildings,
McLane, Jeremiah, — He was born in 1767, and
died in Washington City, March 19, 1837. He was a
soldier of the Revolution, settled in Ohio in 1790; was
for twenty-one years Secretery of State of Ohio, and
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1833 to 1837.
3f€Lanef Louis, — He was bom in Smyrna, Kent
County, Delaware, May 28, 1784. When twelve years
of age he was appointed a midshipman in the navy,
on leaving which, in 1801, he studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1807 ; in 1812 he was a volun-
teer in a company commanded by Caesar H. Rodney,
and marched to the relief of Baltimore when threat-
ened by the British. He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Delaware from 1817 to 1827 ; and was cho-
sen by the Legislature a Senator in Congress from
1827 to 1829 ; was appointed, in 1829, by President
Jackson, Minister to England, where he remained two
years ; and, in 1831, he received the appointment of
Secretary of the Treasury ; and, in 1833, that of Sec-
retary of State, under President Jackson. In June,
1834, he retired from political life, and, in 1837, was
chosen President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Company, and, removing to Maryland, discharged the
duties of that office until 1847. During the adminis-
tration of President Polk he accepted the mission to
England while the Oregon negotiations were pending ;
after which he returned to Maryland, and, in 1850,
represented Cecil County in the " State Constitutional
Convention," and then retired to private life. He
held a high rank as a statesman, and died in Balti-
more, Maryland, in 1857.
3IcLanef Hobert 31, — Born in Delaware, June
23, 1815 ; was educated at Washington College, Dis-
trict of Columbia, and at St. Mary's College, Balti-
more ; went to Europe with his father, Louis McLane,
in 1829, and on his return entered the West Point
Academy, which he left in 1837 ; he served as an
army officer in Florida, the Cherokee country, and in
the North-west ; in 1843 he was admitted to the bar
of Baltimore ; in 1845 and 1846 was elected to the
Maryland Legislature ; and from 1847 to 1851 was a
Representative in Congress from Maryland ; in 1852
he was a Presidential Elector, and in 1853 he was ap-
pointed by President Pierce Minister to China, and on
his return resumed the practice of his profession in
Baltimore ; in March, 1859, he was appointed by Pres-
ident Buchanan Minister to Mexico, but resigned in
November, 1860.
3Ic Lea7if Alney, — He was bom in Burke County,
North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress
from Kentucky from 1815 to 1817, and again from
1819 to 1821.
3IcLeaiif Finis E,—Re was bom in Kentucky,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1849 to 1851.
McLean, John, — Born in Morris County, New
Jersey, in 1785. Four years after his birth his father
emigrated with his family to Virginia, whence he re-
moved to Kentucky, and finally settled in the State
of Ohio. Here the son received a scanty education ;
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
287
and, having determined to pursue the legal profession
he engaged at the age of eighteen to write in the
Clerk's office at Cincinnati, in order to maintain him-
self, by devoting a portion of his time to that labor
while engaged in his studies ; in 1807 he was admit-
ted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of law
at Lebanon, Ohio, In 1812 he became a candidate to
represent his district in Congress, and was elected by
a large majority. He professed the political principles
of the Democratic Party, being an ardent supporter of
the war and of President Madison's administration ;
in 1814 he was again elected to Congress by a unani-
mous vote — a circumstance of rare occurrence — and
remained a member of the House of Representatives
until 1816, when, the Legislature of Ohio having
elected him a Judge of the Supreme Court of the
State, he resigned his seat in Congress at the close of
the session. He remained six years upon the Supreme
Bench of Ohio ; in 1822 he was appointed Commis-
sioner of the General Land Office by President Mon-
roe ; and in 1823 he became Postmaster-General ; in
the year 1829 he was appointed by President Jackson
a Justice of the United States Supreme Court, after
he had refused the office of the War and Navy Depart-
ments. He entered upon the discharge of his judicial
duties at the January Term of 1830, and died at Cin-
cinnati, April 4, 1861,
HfcLeaiif tfohn, — He was born in North Caro-
lina in 1791; removed with his father to Logan Coun-
ty, Kentucky, in 1795 ; received a limited education ;
studied law, and in 1815 removed to Shawneetown,
Illinois, to practice ; in 1818 was elected a Represent-
ative to Congress from Illinois and served one term ;
he was several times a member of the State Legisla-
ture and frequently Speaker of the House ; from
1824 to 1825 was elected United States Senator, to fill
a vacancy ; and was again elected in 1829 for the
term ending in 1835 ; but died October 4, 1830, in
Illinois,
McLearif Samuel, — He was elected a Delegate
from the Territory of Montana to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress,
McLean, WilUam, — He was a native of Morris
County, New Jersey ; a Representative in Congress
from Ohio from 1823 to 1829, and died at Cincinnati,
October 12, 1839, He was a brother of Judge McLean,
and when in Congress was mainly instrumental in
procuring an appropriation of half a million of acres
of land for the extension of the Ohio Canal from Cin-
cinnati to Cleveland, After his service in Congress
he was engaged in business in Cincinnati.
McLean, William _P. — He was born in Hinds
County, Mississippi, August 9, 1836 ; removed to
Texas in 1839 ; graduated at the University of North
Carolina in 1857 ; studied law there ; was elected to
the Legislature of Texas in 1861, and resigned to en-
ter the Confederate Army, in which he served until
the close of the war ; was again a member of the
Legislature in 1869, and was elected to the Forty-
third Congress, serving on the Committees on Agri-
culture and Public Buildings.
McLellan, George W» — He was born in Maine,
and appointed from Massachusetts to a clerkship in
the General Post-Office, and in 1861 he was appointed
Second Assistant Postmaster General, remaining in
office until 1869.
McMahon, John A, — Born in Frederick Coun-
ty, Maryland, February 19, 1833; educated at St.
Xavier's College, Cincinnati, Ohio, gradual ed in 1849;
studied law with C. L, Vallandigham ; admitted to
practice in 1854 ; entered into partnership with Mr,
Vallandigham the same year, and continued in his
office till 1868 ; was Delegate at Large from Ohio to
the Baltimore Convention of 1872 ; held no official po-
sition until elected a Representative from Ohio to the
Forty-fourth Congress,
McMahon, Martin i^.— He was a citizen of
New York, and in 1868 was appointed Minister Resi-
dent, to Paraguay, where he remained only about one
year,
McManuSf William, — He was born in Rensse-
laer County, New York, and was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1825 to 1827.
McMartin, J, L. — He was a citizen of North
Carolina, and in 1848 was appointed Charge d' Affaires
to the Papal States, and died at his post August 26,
1848,
McMichael, William, — He was born in Penn-
sylvania ; received a good education and studied law;
and in 1871 he was appointed Assistant Attorney-
General of the United States, holding the position
until 1873,
McMillan, Samuel J, R, — Born at Browns-
ville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, February 22,
1826 ; removed in early infancy to Pittsburg ; grad-
uated at Duquesne College, Pittsburg, in 1846 ; ad-
mitted to the Pittsburg Bar in 1849 ; removed to
Minnesota Territory in 1852 ; elected Judge of the
First Judicial District of the State of Minnesota in
1857, and entered upon the duties of that position on
the admission of the State into the Union by Congress
in 1858 ; in 1864 he was appointed Associate Justice
of the Supreme Court of the State to fill a vacancy ;
in 1864 elected to the same position for a full term,
at the expiration of which he was re-elected for an-
other term ; resigned in 1874, and was appointed Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court to fill a vacancy, and
re-elected for a full term, but resigned to take a seat
in the Senate of the United States for the term end-
ing in 1881.
3IcMin, flosepJi, — He was Governor of Tennes-
see from 1815 to 1821. Died at the Cherokee Agency,
November 17, 1824,
McMullen, Fayette, — He was bom in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1849 to 1855, and in May, 1857, he was appointed
by President Buchanan Governor of the Territory of
Washington ; was a Delegate to the New York Con-
vention of 1868.
McNair, Alexander, — Born in Pennsylvania ;
was appointed Lieutenant of Infantry in 1799 ; dis
banded in 1800 ; was an early emigrant to Missouri
Territory ; Adjutant and Inspector-General in 1812 ;
Colonel of Missouri Militia in the United States service
in 1813 ; held also an important office in the Indian
Department ; was Governor of Missouri from 1820 to
1824, Died May, 1826.
McNair, John, — He was born in Pennsylvania
in 1800, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1851 to 1855, Died at Evansport,
Prince William County, Virginia, in August, 1861.
3IcKairy, John, — He Avas born in 1762 ; and
not long after prepared himself for the life of a law-
yer: was, about the year 1792, appointed Circuit Judge
of the United States for the District of Tennessee,
which office he filled with credit to himself and most
advantageously for the Government until his death,
which occurred at Nashville, November 12, 1837.
288
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
^IcXeelijf Thompson W, — He was born in
Jacksonrille, Illinois, October 5, 1835 ; graduated at
Lombard University, and afterwards at the Law De-
partment of the Louisville University ; was a member
of the Illinois Constitutional Convention of 1862 ; and
in 1868, he was elected a Representative from Illinois j
to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving
on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Edu-
cation, and Labor.
3IcNielf Archibald. — Bom in Cumberland
County, North Carolina ; entered the House of Com-
mons in 1808 ; re-elected in 1809 ; served in the State
Senate in 1811 and 1815, and was a Representative in
Congress from North Carolina from 1821 to 1823, and
again from 1825 to 1827.
3IcNultaf John, — He was born in New York
city November 9, 1837 ; received an academic educa-
tion ; studied law ; served in the army from 1861 to
1865, as Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General ; was a
member of the Legislature of the State from 1869 to
1873 ; and was elected to the Forty-third Congress,
serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs.
3IcXultyf Caleb J, — He was bom in Ohio, and
In 1843 was elected Clerk of the House of Repre-
sentatives and remained in the position until 1845.
McXuttf Alexander G. — Bom in Rockbridge
County, Virginia, in 1801 ; graduated at Washington
College, Virginia ; in 1824 removed to Jackson, Mis-
sissippi, and subsequently to Vicksburg, where he
practiced law ; in 1835 he was elected to the State
Senate from Warren Countv ; was Governor of the
State from 1837 to 1841. 'Died in De Soto County,
Mississippi, October 22, 1848.
McFJiersonf Edward, — Bom in Gettysburg,
Adams County, Pennsylvania, July 31, 1830 ; grad-
uated at Pennsylvania College in 1848 ; devoted some
attention to the printing business, and edited a paper at
Harrisburg in 1851, and for several years afterwards.
On account of his health he subsequently turned his
attention to agricultural pursuits ; and in 1858 was
elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the
Thirty-sixth-Congress, serving on the Committees on
Public Buildings and Grounds, and Naval Affairs.
He has delivered many public addresses on literary
and other topics, and is the author of two series of
letters touching the internal affairs of his native State.
Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on the Library, and as a
member of the Committee on Military Affairs ; and
in 1863 he was appointed Deputy Commissioner of
the Revenue in the Treasury Department ; and on the
meeting of the Thirty-eighth Congress he was elected
Clerk of the House of Representatives, and re-elected
Clerk for the Thirty-ninth Congress. During his last
term in Congress he was a Regent of the Smithsonian
Institution ; he was also a member and Secretary of
the " Union National Committee," from 1860 to 1864,
and was re-elected Clerk of the House for the Fortieth
Congress ; in 1864 he published " The Political History
of the United States of America during the Great Re-
bellion ;" also "A Political Manual for 1866 ;" and
subsequently devoted much of his attention to form-
ing an Analytical Collection of the Political Litera-
ture of the Great Rebellion, consisting of pamphlets
and newspapers, which has been pronounced unique
and of great value. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866; and
in 1867 received from Pennsylvania College the degree
of LL.D.
JIcQneeiif John, — He was born in Robinson
County, North Carolina, in 1808. He claimed descent,
in a direct line, from the heroic Robert Bruce of Scot-
land, and his father, James McQueen, was a nephew
of the celebrated Flora McDonald. He received a
good education under the guidance of an elder
brother. Rev. A. McQueen, who was a graduate of
Chapel Hill University, North Carolina. He com-
menced the study of law in his native State, and com-
pleted his course of study in South Carolina, to which
he removed at an early day. He was admitted to the
bar in 1828, and, having settled in Marlborough Dis-
trict, he there commenced, and ever after, as his
public calls permitted, continued the practice of his
profession with success. During the Nullification
times of 1833 he was elected a Colonel of the State
Militia ; in 1834 a Brigadier-General ; and in 1835 a
Major-General, which last position he held for ten
years, and then resigned. He was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress in 1849, and was a member down
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on leading com-
mittees. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress.
Withdrew in December, 1860, and joined the Rebel-
lion. Died at Society Hill, South Carolina, September
13, 1867.
McQueen f JMcIntosh, — He was an early emi-
grant to Florida, and was appointed a Judge of the
United States Court for the District of Florida.
McHaCf John J, — He was bom in Wayne
County, Mississippi ; received a good education ;
adopted the profession of law ; was elected frequent-
ly to the State Legislature, and during two sessions
officiated as Speaker ; was also elected to the State
Senate ; was, in 1851, by appointment, for a short
time in the United States Senate ; was Governor of
Mississippi from 1854 to 1858 ; and was elected to the
second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress from Mis-
sissippi, as the successor to General Quitman ; and
was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving
on the Committee on Military Affairs. Joined the
Great Rebellion In 1861. Died at Belize, British
Honduras, May 30, 1868.
31clieady , James, — He was a Representative
in Congress from South Corolina from 1819 to 1821.
McHoberfSf Samuel. — He was a Senator In
Congress from Illinois from 1841 to the time of his
death, which occurred March 27, 1843, In Cincinnati,
Ohio, aged about forty years. He was a native of
Illinois, educated at Transylvania L'nlverslty ; was a
lawyer by profession ; held the office of Judge of one
of the higher Courts ; was a member of the Illinois
Senate ; and held the position of District Attorney
for the United States In Illinois.
McRiierf Donald C. — He was born in Maine
in 1826 ; educated at public schools and academies ;
adopted the mercantile profession ; and having
emigrated to California, filled the office of Harbor
Commissioner for that State, and in 1864 was elected
a Representative from California to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands,
and the Post-Office and Post-Roads.
jyic Sherry f James, — ^He was a native of Adams
County, Pennsylvania ; served twenty years in the
Legislature of that State ; was a Delegate to reform
the Constitution of the same ; and a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1821 to 1823.
Died at Llttlestown, Pennsylvania, February 3, 1849.
jyic Vean^ Charles. — He was born at Johnstown,
New York, In 1802, and died In the City of New
York, December 20, 1848. He was bred to the law,
which he practiced with success in Montgomery
County, until he removed to New York. He held
the office of Surrogate ; served as a Representative
in Congress from 1833 to 1835 ; and at the time of
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
289
his death, was District Attorney for Southern New-
York.
Mc Willie f William. — He was born in Kershaw
District, South Carolina, November 17, 1795 ; grad-
uated at the South Carolina College in 1817 ; adopted
the profession of law ; came to the bar in 1818 ; was
an Adjutant of Militia ; was a Representative and
Senator in the Legislature of South Carolina ; and on
removing to Mississippi in 1845, was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1849 to
1851. He was also President of a bank for several
years ; and elected Governor of the State in 1858.
Was active during the Rebellion as a Confederate.
Died in Kirkwood, March 3, 1869.
Meacham, JTanies, — Born in Rutland, Ver-
mont, in 1810 ; graduated at Middlebury College in
1832 : was tutor there ; studied theology ; was settled
in New Haven, Vermont ; was called from his parish
to the Professorship of Elocution and English Litera-
ture in Middlebury College, when, in 1849, he was
elected a Representative in Congress, and twice re-
elected. At the time of his death, August 22, 1856,
he was a member of Congress and a Regent of the
Smithsonian Institution.
Mead, Cowles, — He was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress from Georgia, in 1805, but his elec-
tion was successfully contested by Thomas Spalding ;
and in 1806 he was appointed by President Jefferson
Secretary of Mississippi Territory.
Meade f Edwiri JR. — Born in Norwich, Chenango
County, New York, July 6, 1836 ; received an
academic education ; studied law, admitted to prac-
tice in 1858, and settled in New York city, and was
elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Meade, JRichard K, — He was born in Virginia ;
received a liberal education, and adopted the profes-
sion of law ; he was a Representative in Congress
from Virginia from 1847 to 1853 ; was appointed, by
President Pierce, in 1853, Charge d' Affaires to Sar-
dinia ; and in 1857 was appointed by President
Buchanan Minister to Brazil, which mission he held
until 1861. Died in April, 1862.
Means f John H. — He was a native of South
Carolina ; Governor of that State from 1850 to 1852 ;
a Colonel in the Confederate Army ; and was killed at
the second battle of Bull Run, August 28, 1862. In
some records he is mentioned by the name of Isaac.
Mehane, Aleocaitder,— Bom in Hawfield,
Orange County, North Carolina, November 26, 1767,
and died July 5, 1795. He was a member of the Con-
vention, in 1776, that met to form the State Constitu-
tion ; served a number of years in the Legislature ;
and was in Congress during the years 1793 and 1794,
from North Carolina. He was distinguished for his
sense, integrity, and firmness.
Medary, Samuel, — Born in Montgomery
County, Pennsylvania, February 25, 1801 ; had a
limited education, and became a printer ; was for
many years editor of the Ohio Statesman ; and estab-
lished the Columbus Crisis, which he conducted until
his death ; was Governor of the Territory of Minnesota
in 1857 and 1858 ; Governor of Kansas in 1859 and
1860 ; and was a "Peace Democrat" during the Re-
bellion. Died at Columbus, Ohio, November 7, 1864.
Medillf Williain, — He was born in New Castle
County, Delaware ; received an academical education ;
he studied law, and, having removed to Ohio, was
admitted to the bar of that State in 1832 ; he was
soon after elected to the State Legislature, serving a
number of years, and was twice elected Speaker ; he
was elected a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1839 to 1843 ; by President Polk he was
appointed First Assistant Postmaster-General, and
subsequently held the office of Commissioner of
Indian Affairs ; in 1850 he was a member of the Con-
vention called to revise the State Constitution, and
chosen Chairman ; in 1851 and 1852 he was elected
Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio ; in 1853 he was elected
Governor of Ohio ; and, by President Buchanan, was
appointed First Comptroller of the United States
Treasury. Died at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Septem-
ber 2, 1865.
MeecJif Ezra, — He was born in New London,
Connecticut, July 26, 1773 ; was associated in early
life with John Jacob Astor in the fur trade ; in 1806
became agent of the Northwest Fur Company ; and
in 1809 was agent for supplying the British Govern-
ment with spars and timber. Having settled in Ver-
mont, he was, in 1822 and 1823, elected Chief Justice
of Chittenden County ; and was a member of the
'' Constitutional Conventions " of 1822 and 1826. He
was elected in 1805 and 1807, to the State Legisla-
ture ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Vermont from 1819 to 1821, and again from 1825 to
1827. In 1841 he was a Presidential Elector. Dur-
ing the latter years of his life he was devoted to agri-
cultural pursuits, and owned one farm, kept in a high
state of cultivation, which contained three thousand
acres, and upon which have been seen a flock of three
thousand sheep and a herd of eight hundred oxen.
He was remarkable for his intelligence and hospi-
tality, and not less so for his personal appearance,
as he measured six feet five inches in height, and
weighed three hundred and seventy pounds ; and,
strange as it may seem, he was one of the most ex-
pert trout-fishers in the country. He died at Shel-
burne, Vermont, September 23, 1856.
Meehan, John S, — He was born in New York
in 1793 ; received a good education, and settled in
Washington City at an early day, and was the Libra-
rian of Congress from 1829 to the time of his death,
which occurred in 1861. He had an extensive knowl-
edge of books, and was popular in his official position.
MeeJceVf JBenJamin S, — He was an early emi-
grant to the Territory of Minnesota, and in 1850 he
was appointed a Judge of the United States Court for
that District.
Meigs f Henry, — Born in New Haven, Connecti-
cut, October 28, 1782 ; graduated at Yale College in.
1798 ; educated a lawyer, and was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New York city from 1819
to 1821, and for many years was an active officer,.
Recording Secretary, and Trustee of the American
Institute in New York. It was said of him as some-
thing remarkable, that he never wore an overcoat,
never had a sore throat or headache, and, when seventy
years of age, did not use glasses. Died in New York, .
May 20, 1861.
MeigSf Josiah, — He was the second man ap-
pointed to be Commissioner of the General Land Office
in Washington, having been appointed in 1814,, and
remaining in office until 1822.
Meigs, JReturn J, — Was a native of Middle-
town, Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in
1785, and w^as a lawyer by profession. He removed
to Ohio, and became a Judge of the Supreme Court of
the State ; was a Senator in Congress from 1808 to
1810 ; and was Governor of the State from 1810 to
1814. He was appointed Postmaster-General of the
United States in 1814, and held the office nine years.
He died at Marietta, March 29, 1825.
290
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS
^felleUf Edivard. — He was a native of Way-
land, Middlesex County, Massachusetts ; graduated at
Brown University, and took a partial course at Har-
vard ; studied l?.w and came to the bar for practice ;
in 1847 he was appointed an Associate Justice of the
Court of Common Pleas ; and in 1854 became Chief
Justice, which position he held until that court was
abolished, after which he returned to the practice of
his profession in Worcester ; and he died at Wayland,
May 31, 1875.
Mellenf Prentiss. — Born in Sterling, Massachu-
setts, October 11, 1764 ; graduated at Cambridge in
1784 ; studied law, and settled at Bridgewater ; in
1792 he became a citizen of Biddeford, Maine, and in
1806 settled at Portland. In 1817 he was chosen a
Senator in Congress from Massachusetts ; also a Presi-
dential Elector in 1817 ; and on the separation of
Maine, in 1820, he resigned his seat in the Senate,
and was elected the first Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of Maine, He occupied a high position as a
lawyer and jurist ; and in 1834, after becoming dis-
qualified by age to serve as judge, he resumed the
practice of law. His decisions may be found in the
first eleven volumes of the Maine Reports. He was
also a Trustee of Bowdoin College from 1817 to 1836 ;
and in 1828 received the degree of LL.D. from that
institution. He died at Portland, December 31, 1840.
Wellishf David _B. — Born in Oxford, Massachu-
setts, January 2, 1831 ; received a good English edu-
ca^tion ; worked in a printing-office for a time, and
then taught a school ; served two years as a proof-
reader in the office of the New York Tribune ; was
for several years a stenographer for the civil authori-
ties, and also wrote for the newspapers ; in 1871 he
was appointed an Assistant Appraiser in the Custom
House ; 1872 he was elected a Representative to the
Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on
Invalid Pensions ; and having been taken suddenly
ill, died at the Government Hospital for the Insane,
May 23, 1874.
Metiifee, Hichard JFL, — He was a member of
Congress from Kentucky from 1837 to 1839, and died
at Frankfort, February 21, 1841.
Menzies, flohn W. — Was born in Fayette Coun-
ty, Kentucky, April 12, 1819 ; graduated at the Uni-
versity of Virginia in 1840 ; studied law and came to
the bar in 1841, establishing himself in Covington,
Kentucky, where he has ever since practiced his pro-
fession. In 1848 and 1855 he was elected to the Gen-
eral Assembly of Kentucky ; and in 1861 he was
elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thir-
ty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on
Elections and Unfinished Business. He was also a
Delegate to the " Chicago Convention" of 1864.
3Iercerj Charles Fenton, — Born in Freder-
icksburg, Virginia, June 6, 1778 ; graduated at Prince-
ton in 1797. In 1798, while a student of law, he ten-
dered his services to General Washington for the
defense of the country against a threatened invasion
by the French, and received from him a commission
as First Lieutenant of Cavalry, and soon after that of
Captain, which he declined, not intending to devote
his life to the military profession. In 1803, after
spending a year in Europe, he returned and practiced
law. From 1810 to 1817 he was a member of the
General Assembly of Virginia. In 1811 he was again
called to military duty by the General Government ;
and in 1813 was appointed Aid to the Governor, and
rose to the rank of Brigadier-General of Militia, hav-
ing command of the forces at Norfolk. In 1816, as
Cliairman of the Committee on Finance, in the Legis-
lature, he devoted his time to the promotion of inter-
nal improvements, and was chief supporter of the
measure for the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and was
appointed President of the Canal Company. He was
a member of Congress from 1817 to 1840. In 1853 he
visited Europe from philanthropic motives, at his
own expense, and used his efforts for the entire aboli-
tion of the African slave-trade, conferring with the
chief executive officers of most of the kingdoms of
Europe on the subject. He died at Howard, near
Alexandria, Virginia, May 4, 1858.
Mereer, tTames, — Born in Hampshire County,
Virginia ; graduated at William and Mary College in
1767 ; was a member of the House of Burgesses ; a
member of all the Virginia Conventions, and of the
Committee of Safety ; was a Delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress in 1779 and 1780 ; and a Judge of
Admiralty, and of the First Court of Appeals in Vir-
ginia. Died in 1793, aged about fifty years.
Wercer, tToJin F, — He was a soldier of the Re-
volution ; was a member of the old Congress from
Virginia from 1782 to 1785 ; was a member, from
Maryland, of the Convention which formed the Fed-
eral Constitution, but did not sign that instrument ;
a Representative in the new Congress from 1792 to
1794 ; Governor of Marjdand from 1801 to 1803 ; also
a member of the Legislature of that State ; and died
at Philadelphia, August 30, 1821, in the sixty-fourth
year of his age.
Wereur^ Ulysses, — He was born in Towanda,
Bradford County, Pennsylvania, August 12, 1818 ;
graduated at Jefferson College in 1842 ; studied law
while in college, and came to the bar in 1843 ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1860 ; in March, 1861, he was
appointed President Judge of the Thirteenth Judicial
District of Pennsylvania, and elected to the office in
October following for a term of ten years, but which
he resigned on being elected, in 1864, a Representa-
tive from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on the District of Colum-
bia and Southern Railroads ; re-elected to the For-
tieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Com-
mittees on Claims, Judiciary, and Mileage.
Meredith, Samuel, — He was born in Philadel-
phia in 1750 ; was among the first to espouse the
cause of the Revolution, in which he served and suf-
fered, and acquitted himself with credit at the battles
of Trenton and Princeton ; and he was one of those
who enjoyed the confidence and friendship of Wash-
ington. He served for a time in the Colonial Legisla-
ture of Pennsylvania ; was a Delegate from that
State to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788 ;
and on the organization of the Federal Government
he was appointed, by President Washington, Treas-
urer of the United States, in which office he continued
until 1801, when he resigned. He died at Belmont,
his seat in Wayne County, Pennsylvania, in 1817. lie
and his brother-in-law, George Clymer, gave £10,000
in silver to carry on the War.
Meredith f Williain M, — He was born in Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania, June 6, 1799 ; received a liberal
education ; adopted the profession of law ; was a mem-
ber of the State Constitutional Convention of 1837 ; was
Secretary of the Treasury from 1849 to 1850 ; Attorney
General of Pennsylvania from 1861 to 1867 ; Presi-
dent of the State Constitutional Convention of 1872 ;
and died in Philadelphia, which had always been his
residence, August 17, 1872.
Meriwether f David, — Born in Virginia in 1755 ;
he was a Lieutenant in the Revoluti nary Army,
served in New Jersey, and was taken prisoner at
the siege of Savannah. In 1785, settled in Wilkei
County, Georgia, which he several terms represented
in the Legislature. He was a representative in Con-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
291
gess from that State from 1802 to 1807 ; and a warm
supporter of Jefferson, who appointed him a Commis-
sioner to treat with the Creek Indians. He also, with
General Jackson and Governor McMin of Tennessee,
concluded a treaty with the Cherokees by which a
large Territory west of the Appalachee River was
ceded to the United States. He died near Athens,
Georgia, in November, 1822.
Meritvefher, David, — He was a Senator in
Congress from Kentucky, by appointment, for one
session, in 1852, and was appointed by President
Pierce, May 6, 1853, Governor of the Territory of
New Mexico.
Meriivetherf I, A, — He was born in Georgia,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1841 to 1843.
3Ieri^vef7iery J'ames, — He was born in Wilkes
County, Georgia, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Georgia from 1825 to 1827.
Merriarrif Clinton L. — He was born in Ley-
den, New York, March 25, 1824 ; received an academic
education ; engaged in banking and mercantile pur-
suits ; removed to New York city in 1847, where he
conducted an importing and jobbing business, and in
1860 established a banking and stock-commission
house, from which he retired in 1864 ; was elected to
the Forty-second and Forty third Congresses, serving
on the Committee on Banking and Currency.
Merrickf William D, — He was born in Mary-
land ; filled several prominent positions in the State
of Maryland, and served in the United States Senate
from 1838 to 1845. He died in Washington, District
of Columbia, February 5, 1857, at an advanced age.
He was the author of the cheap postage scheme in
Congress, and a man of influence. He was the father
of William M. Merrick.
Merrick f William M, — He was born in Charles
County, Maryland, September 1, 1818 ; received a
liberal education ; studied law, and came to the bar
in Baltimore in 1839 ; settled in Frederick in 1844 ;
appointed Deputy Attorney-General for that county
in 1845, serving five years ; removed to Washington
City in 1854, and was appointed Associate Judge of
the United States Circuit Court of the District of Co-
lumbia ; when this Court was abolished in 1863, he
retired to Maryland to the practice of his profession ;
in 1866 and 1867 he was Senior Professor of Law in
Columbian College ; was a member of the State
Constitutional Convention of 1867 ; elected to the
Maryland Legislature in 1870 ; was a Representative
to the Forty-second Congress ; since which time he has
resided in Howard County, but practicing his profes-
sion in Baltimore.
Merrill^ Orsamns C, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Vermont from 1817 to 1820,
when his seat was successfully contested by R. C.
Mallory ; and also held the positions in that State of
County Attorney for two years. State Councilor for
four years. State Senator for one year, Register of
Probate for two years, and Judge of Probate for six
years. He was born in Vermont in 1776, and died at
Bennington, in that State, April 11, 1865.
Merrill f Samuel, — Born in Turner, Oxford
County, Maine, August 7, 1822 ; received a common-
school education ; in 1847 he began the mercantile
business in New Hampshire ; in 1854 and 1855 he
was elected to the State Legislature ; went to Iowa in
1856 ; in 1860 he was elected to the Legislature of
that State ; in 1862 he entered the Volunteer Army
and was commissioned a Colonel, and as such was
wounded seriously at the battle of Black River Bridge
and thus compelled to close his military career. He
was subsequently elected Governor of Iowa, serving
in that capacity from 1868 to 1872, taking a special
interest in the internal improvements of the North-
western States, and accomplishing much good for his
adopted State.
MerrimoUf Augustus S, — He was born in Bun-
combe County, North Carolina, September 15, 1830 ;
received a common-school education ; studied law ;
came to the bar in 1851 ; was elected Attorney in
several counties ; was a member of the Legislature of
North Carolina in 1860 ; Solicitor of the Eighth Judicial
District from 1861 to 1865 ; elected a Judge of the Su-
perior Court in 1866, but in 1867 resigned rather than
obey a military order ; he was elected to the United
States Senate for the term commencing in 1873 and
ending in 1879, serving on the Committees on Claims,
Post-OSice and Post-Roads, and Revision of Rules.
Mcrriftf Samuel A, — He was born in Staunton,
Virginia, August 15, 1828 ; educated at the Staunton
Academy, and graduated at Washington College in
1848 ; studied law, and removed to California ; was
County Clerk in 1850 ; a member of the State Assem-
bly in 1851 and 1852 ; a member of the State Senate
in 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, and 1862 ; and was
elected to the Forty-second Congress.
MerviUf Orange, — He was born in Litchfield,
Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress
from Connecticut from 1825 to 1829.
jyS^tcalff Arunah. — He was a native of New
York ; a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1811 to 1813, and subsequently served four
years in the Assembly of New York from Otsego
County.
Metcalff HalpU, — Born in Charlestown, New
Hampshire, November 21, 1798 ; graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1823 ; worked on a farm until the
age of eighteen ; began the practice of law at New-
port in 1826 ; was Secretary of State for several years
from 1830 ; held a Clerkship in Washington from 1838
to 1840 ; was Chairman of the Committee for com-
piling the laws of the State in 1852 ; a member of the
House of Representatives of the State in 1852 and
1853 ; Register of Probate for Sullivan County in
1845 ; was Governor of New Hampshire in 1855 and
1856.
Wetcalfe, Henry H, — Born in Albany, New
York, January 20, 1805 ; removed with his father to
New York city in 1811 ; in 1816 he removed to the
County of Richmond ; was a law student in his
father's office, and went to the bar in 1826 ; in that
year he succeeded his father, George Metcalfe, as
District- Attorney for Richmond County, holding the
office seven years ; in 1840 he was appointed County
Judge ; in 1842 he became connected with the reve-
nue service at Staten Island ; was a member of the
Convention which nominated Zachary Taylor for
President, but his vote was cast for Henry Clay ; was
County Judge from 1847 to 1874, when he was elected
a Representative from New York to the Forty-fourth
Congress. In December, 1875, he was appointed
Chairman of a Committee.
Metcalfe, Thomas, — He was born in Fauquier
County, Virginia, March 20, 1780. When he was
quite young his parents emigrated to Kentucky, and
settled in Fayette, where his education was lestricted
to the advantages of a few months' attendance at a
country school. He worked at the trade of a mason,
but employed his leisure hours in study, and soon de-
292
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
veloped remarkable intellectual abilities. In 1809
he first appeared as a public speaker, in defense of
his country against British oppression ; served in the
war of 1813, and in 1813 commanded a Company of
Infantry at the battle of Fort Meigs, and greatly dis-
tinguished himself for his bravery. He was subse-
quently a member of the Kentucky Legislature for
several years ; and was a Representative in Congress
from 1819 to 1829, when he was elected Governor of
Kentucky, which office he held until 1833. In 1834
he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1840 was
chosen President of the Board of Internal Improve-
ment. In 1848 he was appointed and elected to fill
the unexpired term of Mr. Crittenden in the Senate
of the United States, after which he retired to his
farm between Maysville and Lexington. He boasted
of his services as a stone-mason, and delighted in
being called the "Old Stone Hammer." He died in
Nicholas County, Kentucky, August 18, 1855.
Meyer's, Senjaniin F, — He was born in Cen-
treville, Pennsylvania, July 6, 1833 ; received an
academic education at Somerset, and at Jefferson Col-
lege, Pennsylvania ; studied law and admitted to the
bar in 1855 ; was a member of the State Legislature
in 1864 ; a Delegate to the Democratic National Con-
vention in 1864 ; became editor and proprietor of the
Bedford Gazette in 1857, and one of the proprietors
and editor-in-chief of the Harrisbvrg Daily Patriot
in 1868, and was elected to the Forty-second Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Public Expendi-
tures.
Middlesivarthf Ner, — He was born in New
Jersey, and on removing to Pennsylvania was elected
to the State Legislature and made Speaker, and also
elected a Representative in Congress from- that State
from 1853 to 1855. Died June 2, 1865.
Widdletofif Arthur, — He was born on Ashley
River, South Carolina, in 1743 ; after a course of
studies at Westminster, he graduated at Cambridge,
England ; traveled two years in Europe ; on his re-
turn home he was placed on various local committees
looking to liberty ; in 1775 he was one of the " Coun-
cil of Safety ; " was the author of the first draught
of the State Constitution, and was a Delegate tp the
Continental Congress from 1776 to 1788, and again
from 1781 to 1783, and signed the Declaration of In-
dependence. On the surrender of Charleston he was
taken prisoner, but released in a few months by ex-
change. He served frequently in the State Legisla-
ture ; and while attempting to retrieve his fortune,
which had been seriously affected by the war, he
died, January 1, 1788. His father Henry and his
grandfather Arthur, were both identified with the
earliest history of South Carolina ; and he had a son,
John Izard, who acquired reputation as an author.
MiddletoUf George, — Was bom in Philadel-
phia, October 14, 1811 ; came of the old stock of the
Society of Friends ; received a common -school educa-
tion ; while yet a boy removed with his father to
New Jersey, and settled in Burlington ; was engaged
for many years in the business of tanning ; was twice
elected to the Legislature of New Jersey ; has been
noted in his district as a local peace -maker among his
neighbors ; and was elected a Representative from
New Jersey to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving
on the Committees on Agriculture and on the Expen-
ditures in the Interior Department.
MiddletoUf Henry, — He was born in South
Carolina, and was the son of Arthur Middleton ; was
a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental
Congress from 1774 to 1776, and was the second mem-
ber called to officiate as President over that body. His
grandson, bearing the same name, was subsequently
a Representative in the Federal Congress.
Middletofif Henry, — A native of South Caro-
lina, having been born in 1771 ; was chosen a Repre-
sentative in the State Legislature in 1801 ; then State
Senator until elected Governor in 1810. From 1815 to
1819 he was a Representative in Congress, and in 1820
was appointed by President Monroe, Minister to Rus-
sia, which position he filled for many years. He died
in Charleston; South Carolina, June 14, 1846. Grand-
son of Henry, the Delegate to the Continental Con-
gress, and the father of Edward Middleton, a Commo-
dore in the United States Navy, and he also had a son
Arthur, who was for many years Secretary of Lega-
tion in Spain.
Mifflin, TJiomas, — He was bom at Philadelphia
in 1744 ; was educated for the mercantile profession,
and after a tour in Europe, entered that business with
his brother. In 1772 he was a Representative from
Philadelphia in the Provincial Assembly, and was a
Delegate to the Continental Congress from Pennsyl-
vania from 1774 to 1776. He distinguished himself as
Major in the army at the battle of Lexington, and in
1776 was appointed Quartermaster-General, and sub-
sequently Brigadier-General, and in 1777 attained the
rank of Major-General. He was active in raising new
regiments for the war previous to the battle of Tren-
ton. In 1782 he was again sent as Delegate to the
Continental Congress, serving until 1783, and was
President of that body, after which he retired to pri-
vate life. In 1785 he was Speaker of the State Legis-
lature ; in 1787, was a member of the Convention
which framed the Constitution of the United States,
and signed that instrument ; in 1788 he was made
President of the Supreme Executive Council. He
commanded the Pennsylvania troops during the
Whisky Insurrection ; and in 1790 was a member of
the Convention for forming the State Constitution of
Pennsylvania, and was chosen first Governor ; served
nine years, and was again sent to the Legislature.
He died January 21, 1800.
3IileSf TV, Porcher, — Bom in Charleston, South
Carolina, in July, 1828 ; prepared for College at the
" Wellington School," and graduated at the Charles-
ton College ; studied law ; was for several years As-
sistant Professor of Mathematics in Charleston Col-
lege ; he was Mayor of Charleston in 1856 and 1857,
and inaugurated the present police system of that city,
and also the present system of tidal drains for the
same ; and he was elected a Representative from South
Carolina to the Thirty -fifth Congress, and re-elected
to the Thirty-sixth. Mr. Miles has been a frequent
contributor to the Southern Quarterly Review, and has
delivered a number of literary and patriotic addresses.
It ought to be mentioned that when the yellow fever
was raging in Norfolk in 1855, Mr. Miles visited that
city as a humanitarian, and for that conduct was re-
warded with the office of Mayor of Charleston. His
Committees have been those on Commerce and For-
eign Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gres. Was elected a member of the South Carolina
" Seceding Convention " in 1860, and resigned his seat
in Congress. Served as a Colonel in the Rebellion, and
as a member of the Confederate Congress.
Milledge, tTohn, — He was born in Savannah,
Georgia, and was descended from one of the early set-
tlers of the colony. He frequently served in the Leg-
islature, and in 1780 he was appointed Attorney-Gen-
eral of the State, and Governor in 1802. He was a
Representative in Congress from 1792 to 1802, except-
ing one term, and a Senator of the United States from
1806 to 1809, serving for a session as President pro
tern, of the Senate. He was the principal founder of
the University of Georgia, and presented the land
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
293
whicli forms its site. He died at his country-seat, at
tlie Sand Hills, February 9, 1818. His memory was
honored by an act of the Legislature calling the capi-
tal of the State Milledgeville.
3Iillen, John, — He was born in Savannah,
Georgia, in 1804 ; was educated a lawyer ; served in
the Legislature of Georgia ; and died near Savannah,
October 15, 1843, about ten days after his election to
a seat in the National House of Representatives in the
Twenty-eighth Congress.
3Iiller, Andretv 6?.— He was an early emigrant
to Wisconsin ; was one of the earliest Territorial
Judges ; and about the year 1849 he was appointed
United States Judge for the District of Wisconsin, re-
siding at Milwaukee. He was a native of Pennsyl-
vania. •
Wilier^ Daniel F, — Born in Alleghany County,
Maryland, October 4, 1814 ; studied law in Pittsburg,
and admitted to the bar in 1838 ; emigrated to Iowa in
^1839 ; and during the following year was elected to the
Legislature of that Territory. In 1848 he was the
Whig candidate for Congress ; but his seat having
been contested, a new election took place in 1850,
when he was elected for the term ending in 1851. In
1856 he was a Presidential Elector, since which time
he has resided in Fort Madison.
Miller f Daniel H, — He was a native of Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1823 to 1831. Died
many years ago.
Miller^ George F, — He was born in Chillis-
quaque, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, Sep-
tember 5, 1809 ; received an academical education,
laboring to support himself during vacations ; stud-
ied law, and came to the bar in 1833 ; took an active
part in local politics, but frequently declined nomina-
tions for County and State offices ; was for a number
of years Secretary of the Lewisburg University in
Pennsylvania, and in 1864 was elected a Representa-
tive from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Roads and Canals, and
Expenditures in the War Department. lie-elected to
the Fortieth Congress, serving' on the Committees on
Pensions and Revolutionary Pensions.
Miller f Horace H, — He was a citizen of Mis-
sissippi, and from 1852 to 1854 he was Charge d' Af-
faires to Bolivia.
Miller, Jacob W, — Born in Morris County,
New Jersey, in 1802 ; bred a lawyer ; and was a Sen-
ator in Congress from New Jersey from 1841 to 1847 ;
and having been re-elected, served until 1853. Died
at Morristown, New Jersey, September 30, 1862.
Miller^ James, — Born in Peterborough, New
Hampshire, April 25, 1776 ; studied law, but entered
the army in 1808 as a Major ; in 1812 he wasbrevetted
a Colonel for gallantry at Fort George ; in 1814 he
was appointed a Colonel and fought at Chippewa
and Lundy's Lane : and it was he who uttered the
famous saying, when asked by General Scott if he
could take a certain battery ; he coolly replied, " I'll
try, sir." He was subsequently made a Major-General,
and received a gold medal from Congress. He re-
signed his commission in the army in 1819, and was
made Governor of the Territory of Arkansas, where
he served until 1825 ; and from that year until 1849
he was Collector of Customs at Salem, Massachu-
setts. Died in Temple, New Hampshire, July 7,
1851.
Miller, Jesse, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1836 to 1837, and died
at Harrisburg, August 20, 1850. By President Jack-
son he was appointed first Auditor of the Treasury,
and held the position until 1841. He was also Canal
Commissioner of Pennsylvania in 1845 and 1846, and
Secretary of State from 1846 to 1848, serving for a
short time as acting Governor of the State.
Miller, John, — Born in Amenia, Dutchess County,
New York, November 10, 1774 ; educated at private
schools ; in 1793 commenced the study of medicine
and attended lectures at the University of Pennsyl-
vania ; was chosen Vice-President of the Cortland
County Medical Association, in 1808 ; from 1805 to
to 1825 he was Postmaster of Truxton ; from 1812 to
1821 he was a Justice of the Peace ; was a member
of the State Legislature in 1817, 1820, and 1845 ; was
a Representative from New York to the Nineteenth
Congress ; and a Delegate to the ' ' State Constitu-
tional Convention " of 1846. Died in March, 1862.
Miller, John, — He was distinguished for his
courage as an officer in the last war with England ;
soon after the struggle he was appointed Register of
the Land Office in Missouri ; subsequently elected
Governor of the State, serving from 1826 to 1882 ;
was at one time editor of the Western Herald, at
Steubenville, Ohio ; and he was a Representative in
Congress from 1837 to 1843 from Missouri. Died near
Florrissant, Missouri, March 18, 1846.
Miller, John G. — Born in Kentucky, and in
1835 emigrated to Missouri. In 1840 was elected to
the State Legislature, and from 1853 to the time of
his death he was a Representative in Congress from
Missouri. Died in Saline County, Missouri, May 11,
1856, aged forty-four years.
Miller, John K, — He was born in Ohio, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State,
from 1847 to 1851.
Miller, Joseph, — He was born in Ohio ; elected
a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fifth
Congress, and was a member of the Committees on
Unfinished Business and Expenditures in the Navy
Department ; and subsequently appointed United
States Judge for the Territory of Nebraska.
Miller, Killian, — Born in Claverack, Columbia
County, New York, July 30, 1785 ; received a good
common-school education, with instruction in the
Latin and Greek languages. He studied law, and
was admitted to practice in 1806 ; from that time con-
tinued to pursue his profession, removing from Liv-
ingston to Hudson City in 1833. In 1824 and in 1827
he was a member of the General Assembly, and in
1837 was elected County Clerk, which office he held
for three years. In 1854 he was chosen a Represent-
ative in the Thirty-fourth Congress.
Miller t Morris S,-^lie was a Representative in
Congress from New York, from 1813 to 1815 ; and in
1819 was appointed a Commissioner to superintend a
treaty with the Seneca Indians. He was also Judge
of a County Court, and died at Utica, November 15,
1824, aged forty-five years.
Miller, Wafhan, — He was a Delegate to the Con-
tinental Congress, from Rhode Island, in 1785 and 1786.
Miller, y, M, — He was appointed in 1844 Second
Assistant Postmaster-General, and held the office
about one year, and in 1845 he was made Third As-
sistant in the same Department.
Miller, Pleasant M, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Tennessee, from 1809 to 1811.
294
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Wilier f JRiitger S. — Born in New York, and
was a Representative from that State in the Twenty-
fourth Congress, in the place of S. Beardslej, re-
signed.
Miller f Satnuel F, — He was born in Richmond,
Kentucky, April 5, 1816 ; graduated at the University
of Transylvania, and, after taking the degree of Doc-
tor of Medicine, practiced the profession a few years,
and then turned his attention to the law ; having
been from 1848 in favor of emancipation,, and though
generally taking no part in politics, the course of
public affairs caused him to remove from the State
in 1850, when he settled in Iowa and became one of
the leaders of the Republican party in that State ;
desiring no local or State offices, and declining many
nominations, he attended wholly to his profession ;
and in 1862 he was appointed by President Lincoln,
a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Miller f Samuel F. — He was born in Franklin,
Delaware County, New York, May 27, 1827 ; gradu-
ated at Hamilton College in 1852 ; studied law, and
came to the bar in 1853, but instead of practicing the
profession turned his attention to farming and lum-
bering. In 1854 he was elected to the New York
Legislature ; in 1850 and 1857 he was Supervisor of
Franklin ; was for fifteen years identified as a Colonel
with the State Militia ; and in 1862 he was elected
a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands.
He was also a Delegate to the "State Constitutional
Convention " of 1867. Was subsequently a member
of the State Board of Charities ; also a Collector of
Internal Revenue, and he was re-elected to the Forty-
fourth Congress.
3Illler, Smith, — He is a native of North Caro-
lina, but when a youth removed with his father to
Indiana. His school education was limited, and he
engaged in farming as an occupation. He was a
member of both branches of the Legislature of Indi-
ana, and a Representative in Congress from 1853 to
1855.
Millet^ f Stephen. — He was Governor of Minne-
sota from 1863 to 1866.
Miller f Stephen J>. — He was born in the Wax-
saw Settlement, South Carolina, in May, 1787 ; gradu-
ated at the South Carolina College in 1808 ; adopted
the profession of law ; came to the bar in 1812 ; served
in the South Carolina Senate in 1822 ; represented his
native State in the Lower House of Congress from
1819 to 1829 ; was Governor of South Carolina from
1828 to 1830 ; and elected a Senator in Congress for
the term from 1831 to 1837, but resigned on account
of his health at the end of two years. He died at
Raymond, Mississippi, March 8, 1838, having removed
to that State in 1835, where he was an extensive
planter.
3Iiller^ William, — Born in Warren County,
North Carolina ; from 1810 to 1814 he served in the
Legislature ; was Governor of the State from 1814 to
1817 ; in 1825 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to
Guatemala, and died before entering upon his duties.
3Hllerf William H, — Born in Perry County,
Pennsylvania, January 29, 1828 ; graduated at Mar-
shall College, Franklin, Pennsylvania ; in 1854 was
appointed Clerk of the Supreme Court of his native
State, which office held until 1863 ; and he was
elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Invalid Pensions. His father, Jesse Miller, was also
a Representative in Congress.
Miller f William S, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1845 to 1847, and
a man of high cultivation. He died in New York
city, November 9, 1854.
MilligaUf John «7. — Born in Cecil County,
Maryland, December 10, 1795 ; after receiving an
academical education, he entered Princeton College,
and remained three years ; he then studied law, and
was admitted to practice in New Castle County, Dela-
ware, in 1818, and pursued his profession for several
years, but subsequently retired to a country seat near
Wilmington. In 1830 he was elected a member of
the House of Representatives in Congress from Dela-
ware, and served from 1831 to 1839, In 1839 he was
appointed by the Governor Judge of the Superior
Court of the State of Delaware, and has continued in
this position ever since.
3Iilligan, Samuel, — He Avas a citizen of Tennes-
see, from which State he was appointed an Associate
Justice of the United States Court for the Territory
of Nebraska, residing at Dakota City.
3Iillikin, Charles W, — He was born in Graves
County, Kentucky, August 15, 1827 ; graduated in
1849 ; studied law ; was Attorney of Simpson County
five years ; appointed in 1867 Attorney for the fourth
judicial district of Kentucky, to fill a vacancy ; elect-
ed the following August to serve out the unexpired
term, and re-elected in 1868 for a full term of six
years, and resigned in 1872 ; and was elected to the
Forty-third and Forty- fourth Congresses, serving on
the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. In
December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the
Committee on Public Expenditures.
3HllSf Clarh, — Born in Onondaga County, New
York, December 1, 1815; lost his parents while a
child, and learned the trade of a plasterer, which he
followed in Charleston, South Carolina, for nine
years ; from the age of twenty-two he devoted him-
self to sculpture ; and in 1846 finished a bust of Cal-
houn, now in the City Hall at Charleston ; in 1852,
under orders from the Government, he cast the
equestrian statue of General Jackson, now in Lafay-
ette Square, at Washington ; in 1853 received an
order from Congress for the colossal equestrian
statue of Washington, now in the circle at the west
end of Washington ; and in 1863 he finished the
statue of Liberty from the design by Crawford, which
now stands on the dome of the Capitol. The por-
trait busts of this artist are also quite numerous ;
and it is worthy of note that he has two sons who
have distinguished themselves as sculptors.
MillSf Elijah H, — Bom in 1778 ; graduated at
Williams College in 1797 ; studied law ; was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Massachusetts from'
1815 to 1819, and a Senator in Congress from 1820 to
1827. He died at Northampton, May 5, 1829.
MillSf Rohert, — Born in South Carolina, was an
engineer and architect ; was employed as the archi-
tect of the United States Post-Office, Treasury and
Patent Office buildings ; was the author of "Pharos,
or Light-House Guide," published in 1832 ; " Statis-
tics of South Carolina," in 1826 ; and " Atlas of
South Carolina ;" also " Guide to the National Ex-
ecutive Offices at Washington," 1842. He died in
Washington, District of Columbia, March 8, 1855.
Mills f Mobert Q, — He was elected a Representa-
tive from Texas to the Forty-thiid Congress, and re-
elected to the Forty- fourth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Weights and Measures.
31illsonf John S* — Born in Norfolk, Virginia,
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
295
October 1, 1808, and commenced the study of law be-
fore the age of sixteen ; he held no public office until
elected a Representative from Virginia in the Thirty-
first Congress, which position he filled, by re-elec-
tions, until 1860, serving as a member of the Com-
mittees on Commerce and Ways and Means, and of
the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebel-
lious States, In 1844 and 1849 he was also a Presi-
dential Elector. Died at Norfolk, Virginia, February
26, 1874.
Millward, tfohn, — Born in Pennsylvania, and
elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Patents,
3Illlwardf Willia^n, — He was born in Penn-
sylvania, and was a Reoresentative in Congress from
that State from 1855 to 1857.
MilneSf William f J^r, — He was born in York-
shire, England, December 8, 18.57 ; emigrated to
America and settled in Pottsville, Pennsylvania ;
after completing an academic education, he appren-
ticed himself to the blacksmithing business ; at the
expiration of his apprenticeship he entered into the
business of mining and shipping coal ; in 1865 he re-
moved to Virginia and purchased the extensive prop-
erty located in Page and Rockingham counties,
known as the Shenandoah Iron Vv^orks ; and he was
elected to the Forty -first Congress as a Representa-
tive from Virginia, serving on several Committees.
3Iiluor, flames, — He was born in Philadelphia,
June 20, 1773 ; he received his education at a gram-
mar-school and at the University of Pennsylvania,
and subsequently studied law. In 1794 he com-
menced the practice of his profession before he was
twenty-one years of age. From 1811 to 1813 he was
a Representative from Pennsylvania in Congress. In
1811 he was elected a Delegate to the General Con-
vention of the Episcopal Church, and in 1814 was
ordained a clergyman by Bishop V^hite, and in 1816
was called to the rectorship of St, George's Church,
in New York. He was one of the founders of the
New York Deaf and Dumb Institution, and after
spending the evening in company with its directors,
in apparent good health, died suddenly, April 8,
1845.
MilnoVf Williatn, — He was born in Philadel-
phia ; was a Representative in Congress from Penn-
sylvania from 1807 to 1811, from 1815 to 1817, and
again from 1821 to 1822.
MilfoUf John, — He was Governor of Florida
from 1861 to 1864.
Miner, Ahiman L, — He was born in Ver-
mont ; was Clerk of the Vermont House of Repre-
sentatives in 1836 and 1837 ; a State Representative
in 1838, 1839, and 1845 ; a State Senator in 1840 ;
County Attorney for two years ; Register of Probate
for seven years ; Judge of Probate from 1846 to 1849 ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Vermont
from 1851 to 1853.
Miner, diaries, — He was born in Norwich,
Connecticut, about the year 1778 ; when a boy of
nineteen, removed with his father to Wilkesbarre,
Pennsylvania, ' and subsequently settled in West-
chester, and for many years published the Village
Record in that place, which attained a high position.
He was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl-
vania from 1825 to 1829, and declined a re-election on
account of deafness. He was the author of an inter-
esting work, entitled "History of Wyoming;" and
was one of the first men in this country to introduce
and write upon the silk-growing business. Died at
Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, October 26, 1865, univer-
sally respected for his high character and ability.
Miner, Phiiieas, — He was an eminent lawyer,
and a Representative in Congress from Connecticut
during the years 1834 and 1835, for an unexpired
term. He died at Litchfield, in that State, Septem-
ber 16, 1839, aged sixty years.
Minor, William Thomas, — Born at Stam-
ford, Connecticut, October 3, 1815 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1834 ; was eight years in the State
Legislature ; Consul-General to Havana from 1864 to
1867 ; and Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecti-
cut. He received the degree of Doctor of Laws from
Wesley University in 1855.
Mlnotf tfosiaJi, — Ho was appointed in 1855
Fifth Auditor of the Treasury ; and also Commis-
sioner of Pensions in 1856, but only remained in office
until the commencement of 1857.
Mitchell, Alexander, — He was born in Aber-
deenshire, Scotland, October 17, 1817 ; received a
good education in Scotland ; was a banker ; elected
to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses,
serving on the Committee on Banking and Cur-
rency.
Mitchell, Anderson, — Born in Caswell County,
North Carolina, in 1800, He graduated at the Uni-
versity of that State in 1821 ; studied law and settled
in Wilkes County in 1840, when he was immediately
elected to the Legislature. He was a member of
Congress in 1842 and 1843 ; and was subsequently
devoted to his profession.
Mitchell, Charles JB. — He was elected a Sen-
ator in Congress from Arkansas for a term of sis
years, commencing March 4, 1861, but was expelled
by the Senate July 11, 1861.
Mitchell, diaries F, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1837 to 1841.
Mitchell, David JBradie, — Born in Scotland,
October 22, 1737 ; he removed to Savannah, Georgia,
in 1783, to take possession of property left by an
uncle ; studied law ; was elected Solicitor-General of
Georgia in 1795 ; was a member of the Legislature in
1796 ; and Governor of the State from 1809 to 1813,
and from 1815 to 1818 ; afterwards Agent to the
Creek Indians, with whom he concluded a treaty
January 22, 1818. He died at Milledgeville, Georgia,
April 22, 1837.
Mitchell, George E, — He was born in Cecil
County, Maryland, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Maryland from 1823 to 1827, and again
from 1829 to 1832. He died in Washington, June 28,
1832.
Mitchell, Henry, — He was born in Woodbury,
Connecticut, in 1784 ; received a liberal education, and
adopted the profession of medicine ; after practicing
for a while in Connecticut he removed to New York,
and after receiving from Yale College the title of
M.D., practiced his profession in New York with
eminent success ; in 1827 he was elected to the Legis-
lature of his adopted State, and was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1833 to 1835. Died
in Norwich, New York, January 12, 1858.
Mitchell, Jafnes C. — He was born in Mecklen-
burg County, North Carolina, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Tennessee from 1825 to 1829.
29n
BIOGRAPHICAL AXNALS
31 itch ell f James S, — He was born in York
County, Pennsylvania, and "was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1821 to 1827.
JlifcJieUf John. — He was born in Perry County,
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress
from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1829. He died ac
Beaver, Pennsylvania, in August, 1849.
31 itch ell f fJohn H. — He was bom in Washing-
ton County, Pennsylvania, June 22, 1835 ; studied
and practiced law ; removed to California, and set-
tled in San Francisco ; removed to Portland, Oregon,
in 1860, and continued his profession ; was elected
Corporation Attorney in 1861 ; was elected to the
State Senate in 1862, and served four years, the last
two as President ; was commissioned in 1865 Lieuten-
ant-Colonel of Militia ; was a candidate for United
States Senator in 1866, but defeated ; was chosen
Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in Willamette
University at Salem, Oregon, in 1867, and served in
that position nearly four years ; was elected to the
United States Senate for the term commencing in
1873, and ending in 1879, serving on the Committees
on Privileges and Elections, Claims and Transporta-
tion.
ISLitchell, ^TaJiuni. — Bom in East Bridgewater,
Massachusetts, February 12, 1769 ; graduated at
Harvard L'niversity in 1789 ; taught school, studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1792. From 1811
to 1821 he was Judge of the Circuit Court of com-
mon Pleas, and afterwards Chief Justice. From
1798 to 1812 he was a Representative in the General
Court ; and a Representative in Congress from 1803
to 1805. In 1813 to 1814 he was State Senator ; and
from 1814 to 1820 he was one of the Governor's
Council ; and from 1822 to 1827 he was Treasurer of ,
the State. In 1840 he published a History of Bridge- '
water, Massachusetts ; was a member of the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society ; and published a volume
of sacred music, entitled the "Bridgewater Collec-
tion." He fell and died suddenly in one of the
streets of Plymouth, August 1, 1853, while attending
the first celebration of the embarkation of the Pil-
grims at Delft Haven. j
3Iitchellf yathaniel, — He was a Delegate from '
Delaware, to the Continental Congress from 1786 to
1788.
3£ itch ell, JRohevt, He was bom in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress from 1833 to
1835 from Ohio.
Mitchell f Robert B» — Bom in Richland County,
Ohio, in 1828 ; graduated at Washington County,
Pennsylvania, studied law, and was admitted to the
bar ; served as Lieutenant of Ohio Volunteers in the
Mexican War ; afterward resumed his profession ;
removed to Kansas in 1856 ; and took an active part
against the Pro-Slavery party ; he was in the Terri-
torial Legislature in 1857 and 1858 ; Treasurer from
1858 to 1861 ; Adjutant-General in 1860 and 1861 :
Colonel of the Second Kansas Volunteers, and se-
verely wounded at Wilson's Creek, during the Civil
War ; soon after he raised a Regiment of Cavalry ;
was made Brigadier-General in 1862, and placed in
command of the Thirteenth Division of Buell's army,
and fought at Perryville, October 8, 1862. He was
appointed Governor of Xew Mexico, November,
1835.
Jlitchell, Samuel Latham. — Born on Long
Island in 1763, and was well educated ; after the
close of the war he went to Edinburgh, and there
studied medicine and natural history. On his return
he was appointed Professor of Chemistry and Natu-
ral History in Columbia College ; and his pratice as a
physician was extensive ; he edited, with Dr. Smith,
fourteen volumes of the "Medical Repository;" he
also published a "Life of Tammany," the Indian
Chief, and other useful works, historical and scien-
tific. He was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1801 to 1804, and asrain from 1810 to
to 1813 ; and a Senator from 1804 t"o 1809. He died
in New York, September 8, 1831. A work that he pub-
lished anonymously, entitled " A Picture of New
York," suggested to Washington Irving his " Knick-
erbocker's History of New York."
Mitchell J Stephen M. — He was bom at Weth-
ersfield, Connecticut, December 27, 1743 ; graduated
at Yale College in 1763 ; was chosen a tutor in the
College in 1766, in which station he continued three
years : he entered upon the practice of law in 1772 ;
was appointed in 1779 a Judge of the Hartford County
Court, and in 1790 placed at the head of that Court ;
in 1795 he was appointed Judge of the Superior
Court of Connecticut ; and in 1807 Chief Justice of
that Court, which oflSce he held until 1814, when he
became disqualified by age. He was a Delegate to
the old Congress in 1783 and 1785 ; and in 1793 he
was appointed to the L^nited States Senate, which
position he held until 1795 ; and was a Presidential
Elector in 1805. It was to his services, while in Con-
gress, that Connecticut was greatly indebted for the
establishment of her title to the tract of land in Ohio
called the " Western Reserve." He died in the place
of his birth, September 30, 1835. In him were com-
bined the dignity of the Christian, the purity of the
patriot, and the virtues of the faithful public servant
and useful citizen. The degree of LL.D. was con-
ferred upon him by Yale College.
Mitchell, TJiomas H. — Bom in Georgetown,
South Carolina : he graduated at Harvard University
in 1802 ; was a Representative in Congress from South
Carolina from 1821 to 1823 ; from 1825 to 1829, and
again from 1831 to 1833 ; he died in 1837.
Mitchell, Will i am . — He was born in New York,
and elected a Representative from Indiana to the
Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on
Indian Affairs. He was a lawyer by profession, and
died in Macon, Georgia, in September, 1865.
MiXf Charles E. — He was born in Connecticut,
and, after holding the oflBce of Chief Clerk in the In-
dian Bureau for many years, held the otfice of Com-
missioner from June to November, in 1858, and then
resumed his clerkship. Resides in Georgetown, Dis-
trict of Columbia.
Moffet, fTohn. — He was bom in the County of
Antrim, North of Ireland, in 1832 ; came with his par-
ents to this country when a child ; was educated in
the public schools of Philadelphia and in the Medical
Department of the L'niversity of Pennsylvania ; estab-
lished himself as an apothecary in Philadelphia, and
in 1868 he was elected a Representative from Penn-
sylvania to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the
Committee on Freedmen's Affairs. His seat was con-
tested, however, by Leonard Myers, and in April, 1869,
the latter was declared duly elected.
Moffit, Hosea. — He was bom in New York ;
served six years in the Legislature of that State ; and
was a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1817.
Moloni/, JRichard S. — He was born in North-
field, New Hampshire ; entered Dartmouth College in
1836, but left the institution before the close of the
following year, and commenced the study of medi-
cine ; removed to Illinois and settled at Belvidere,
Boone County, in the practice of the medical profes-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
207
sion ; and was a Representative from Illinois to tlie
Thirty-second Congress, having succeeded his friend
and college classmate, John Wentworth.
Wonellf Hohert, — He was a native of Columbia
County, New York, and a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1819 to 1821, and again from
1829 to 1831. Died in December, 1860.
Dloney^ H, D, — Born in Mississippi and received
a good education ; prepared himself for the legal pro-
fession but al)andoned it to enter upon the employ-
ment of a journalist, to which he devoted himself,
and in 1875 he was elected a Representative from Mis-
sissippi to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Monroe f JTames. — Born April 28, 1758, in West-
moreland County, Virginia. He was educated at Wil-
liam and Mary College. In 1776 he joined the army
in the Revolutionary War, and continued with it until
1778, having displayed great bravery, when he retired
and engaged in the study of the law. In 1780 he held
the office of Military Commissioner for Virginia, and,
in that capacity, visited the Southern army. In 1782
he was a member of the Virginia Assembly ; and in
1783 a Delegate to Congress. In 1788 he was a mem-
ber of the Convention in Virginia to deliberate on the
proposed Constitution for the United States. In 1790
he was elected a Senator of the United States from
Virginia. In 1794 he received the appointment of
Minister Plenipotentiary to France, and was recalled
in 1797. In 1799 he was elected Governor of Vir-
ginia. In 1802 he was sent on a special mission to
France, which resulted in the purchase of Louisiana.
In 1803 he was appointed Minister to England ; and in
1805 he was associated with Charles Pinckney, to ne-
gotiate with Spain. During his residence in England
he and Mr. William Pinckney negotiated a commer-
cial treaty with Great Britain, but it was never sub-
mitted to the Senate by President Jefferson. He re-
turned to America in 1808. In 1811 he was Governor
of Virginia, and the same year received from Presi-
dent JNiadison the appointment of Secretary of State,
which office he held until his election as President,
March 4, 1817. During a part of the time, in 1814
and 1815, he also performed the duties of Secretary of
War. He was again elected President in 1821. He
died July 4, 1831.
Monroe^ JTaines, — ^He was born in Plainfield,
Connecticut, July 18, 1821 ; received his early edu-
cation at Plainfield Academy ; graduated at Oberlin
College in 1846, and pursued a course of theological
study there ; was a Professor in Oberlin College from
1849 until 1862 ; a member of the State House of Rep-
resentatives in 1856, 1857, 1858, and 1859, and of the
Senate in 1860, 1861, and 1862 ; chosen President of
the Senate in 1861 and again in 1862 ; was United
States Consul at Rio de Janeiro from 1863 to 1869, serv-
ing for some months of 1869 as Charge d' Affaires ad
interim at that capital ; and elected to the Forty-
second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses,
serving on the Committees on the Library, and Bank-
ing and Cusrency, and Chairman of that on Education
and Labor.
Monroe f Thomas B, — He was a citizen of Ken-
tucky, and about the year 1834 was appointed United
States Judge for the District of Kentucky.
3fonroef V, — He was born in Kentucky, and ap-
pointed an Associate Justice of the United States
Court for the Territory of Washington, residing at
Olympia.
Montanya, J, D, L, — He was born in New
York ; served two years in the Assembly of that
4
State ; and was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1839 to 1841.
Montgomery f Daniel, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1807 to
1809.
Montgomery, John, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Maryland from 1807 to 1811.
Montgomery, John G, — He was born in Nor-
thumberland, Pennsylvania, in 1805 ; graduated at
Washington College in 1824 ; came to the bar in 1827 ;
was elected to the State Legislature in 1855 ; and was
elected a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress from
Pennsylvania, but died before taking his seat, of the
mysterious National Hotel disease, at Danville, Penn-
sylvania, April 24, 1857, aged fifty-two years.
Montgomery , Joseph. — He was a Delegate
from Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from
1780 to 1784. He graduated at Princeton College in
1755, and also took a degree at Yale College in 1760.
Montgome7'y, Thomas. — He was born in Nel-
son County, Virginia ; and was a Representative in
Congress from Kentucky from 1813 to 1815, and again
from 1821 to 1823. Died April 2, 1828.
Montgomery, William, — He was a Represent-
ative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1793 to
1795.
Montgomery, William, — Born in Guilford
County, North Carolina, and was educated for the
medical profession. He was elected to the General
Assembly in 1824, where he served, with but one in-
termission, until 1834, when he was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress, and continued in that position
until 1841. He died November 27, 1844, aged fifty-
three years.
Montgomery, William, — Born in Canton
Township, Pennsylvania, April, 11, 1819 ; graduated
at Washington College, Pennsylvania, in 1839 ; he
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842 ;
and he was elected a Representative in Congress in
1856, serving in the Thirty-fifth Congress on the
Committee on Public Lands. He was re-elected to
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of
the Committee on Roads and Canals. Died in Wash-
ington, Pennsylvania, May 2, 1870.
Moor, Wyman JB. ^.— Born in Waterville,
Maine, November 3, 1814 ; graduated at Waterville
College ; studied law at Cambridge, and admitted to
the bar in 1834 ; was a member of the Maine Legis-
lature in 1839 ; was Attorney-General of that State
from 1844 to 1848 ; and, by appointment, succeeded
John Fairfield as a Senator in Congress, serving from
January to June, 1848. He subsequently devoted
much attention to the railroad interests of his State,
and in 1857 was appointed by President Buchanan
Consul-General for the British American Provinces.
Died in Lynchburg, Virginia, February 16, 1869.
Moore, Alfred, — Born in Brunswick County,
North Carolina. May 21, 1755 ; and educated in Bos-
ton, where he acquired a knowledge of military tac-
tics. In 1775 joined the Continental Troops of North
Carolina as Captain ; and when the British seized
Wilmington he raised a troop of volunteers which
did good service. In 1790 he was elected by the
Assembly Attorney-General of the State, although
he had never read a law-book. He soon became, by
study and observation, eminent at the bar ; and was
appointed Judge in 1798 ; and Associate Judge of the
Supreme Court of the United States from 1799 to
298
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
1805. . Died in Belfont, North Carolina, October 15,
1810.
jyioorGf A.fi(lreiv, — He was a Representative in
Cong-ress from Virginia from 1789 to 1797, and ag-ain
from 1803 to 1804, when he was appointed to the
United States Senate, but was superseded by W.
B. Giles. He was one of those who voted for locat-
ing the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Died
in May, 1821.
Moore f Andrew JB, — He was originally a
school teacher in Alabama ; Governor of the State
from 1857 to 1863 ; and died in Marion, April, 5,
1873.
3Ioore, Eliahhn Hastings, — Born in Worces-
ter County, Massachusetts, June 19, 1812, removed to
Ohio with his father in 1817 ; received his education
at a frontier school ; from 1836 to 1846, he was
County Surveyor ; from 1846 to 1860, a County Audi-
tor ; was a Director and then President for many
years of the Athens Branch of the State Bank of
Ohio, and subsequently of the first National Bank of
Athens ; was appointed in 1862 a Collector of Inter-
nal Revenue ; and in 1868 he was elected a Repre-
sentative from Ohio to the Forty-first Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Territories, and the Mili-
tia.
3Iooref Ely, — He was born in New Jersey, and
educated as a printer, was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York from 1835 to 1839 ; was ap-
pohited Marshal of New York by President Polk ;
subsequently edited a newspaper in New Jersey ;
was appointed Indian Agent in Kansas Territory ;
and at the time of his death was Register of a Land
Office in Kansas. Died January 26, 1860.
Moore, Gabriel, — He was born in Stokes
County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in
Congress from Alabama from 1822 to 1829 ; Governor
of the State from 1829 to 1831 ; a Senator in Con-
gress from 1831 to 1837 ; and died at Caddo, Texas,
in 1844.
3Iooref Ileman Allen, — He was born in Plain-
field, Vermont, in 1810 ; studied law in Rochester,
New York, and removing to Columbus, Ohio, obtained
distinction as a lawyer ; was appointed Adjutant-Gen-
eral of the State Militia ; and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1843 to the time of his
death, which occurred in Columbus, April 3, 1844,
3Ioore<, Henry D, — He was born in Goshen,
Orange County, New York, April 17, 1817 ; received
his education at one of the public schools of New
York city ; when sixteen years of age he acquired a
knowledge of the tailoring business, which he fol-
lowed until 1843 ; in that year he removed to Phila-
delphia, and became interested in the marble busi-
ness ; and he was a Represenative in Congress from
Pennsylvania from 1849 to 1853. For several years
after leaving Congress he was Treasurer of Pennsyl-
vania.
3Ioore, Jesse H, — He was born in St. Clair
County, Illinois, April 22, 1817 ; and his father was a
soldier in the Revolution ; graduated at the College of
Lebanon in 1842 ; soon became a teacher, and in 1844
was principal of a Seminary in Vermilion County ;
in 1846 received a degree from Asbury University ;
in 1848 he took charge of the Methodist church in
Shelbyville ; from 1854 to 1856 he had charge of the
Quincy College ; in 1862 he raised a regiment for the
war, and performed much service in all the campaigns
of the Ai'my of tlie Cumberland as Colonel, com-
manded a Brigade a part of the time, and was bre-
vetted a Brigadier-General ; after the war he re-
entered the pulpit, and was Presiding Elder at De-
catur ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative
from Illinois to the Forty-first Congress, serving on
the Committees on Claims and Patents ; and he waa
re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions.
3Ioore, Joltn, — Born in Berkeley County, Vir-
ginia, in 1788 ; and, having removed to Louisiana,
became an active politician. From 1825 to 1834 he was
a member of the State Legislature ; also served sev-
eral years in the State Senate ; was a Representative
in Congress from Louisiana from 1841 to 1843, and
again from 1851 to 1853 ; was a Presidential Elector
in 1849 ; a Delegate to the seceding "State Conven-
tion " of 1861 ; and died in Louisiana, in June, 1867.
3Iooref Laban T, — Born in Cabell County, Vir-
ginia, January 13, 1829 ; received a limited educa-
tion ; removed to Kentucky and adopted the ])rofes-
sion of law ; and was elected a Representative from
Kentucky to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Manufactures. He also served as a
Colonel in the army during the Rebellion,
3Ioore9 3Iarshal E, — He was born in New
York, removed to Ohio, and was appointed from that
State Governor of the Territory of Washington, resid-
ing at Olympia.
3Iooref Nicholas R, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Maryland from 1803 to 1811, and
affain from 1813 to 1816. Died at Baltimore in 1816.
3Ioorey Oscar F, — He was born in Ohio, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1855 to 1857.
3Ioore, lloberf, — He was born in Washington
County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1817 to 1821.
3Iooref Samuel, — He was born in Cumberland
County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1819 to 1822, He was
a physician, and died February 18, 1861,
3Ioore, S, 3IcD, — He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1833 to 1835. Served in the Rebellion.
3Iooref Si/denham JE, — Born in Rutherford
County, Tennessee, but removed to Alabama with his
parents, soon after its admission as a State ; he was
educated at the University of Alabama ; was bred to
the profession of law ; was Judge of the County
Court of Greene County, Alabama, for six years, and
for a short time also of the C!ircuit Court of that State ;
resigned his Judgeship, and went to Mexico as Captain
of a Volunteer Company, and served one year, a por-
tion of the time in General Taylor's line, on the Rio
Grande, and also in General Scott's line, at Tampico,
Vera Cruz, Alvarado, and Jalapa ; and on his return
home was elected Brigadier-General of Milit'ia ; and
was chosen in 1857 a member of the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress ; and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committee on Claims.
Took part in the Rebellion as a Colonel.
Moore, Thomas, — He was a Representative in
Congress from South Carolina from 1801 to 1813, and
again from 1815 to 1817.
3Iooref Thomas O.— He was Governor of Louis-
iana from 1860 to 1864.
3Ioore, Thomas P. — He was born in Charlotte
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
299
County, Virginia, in 1795 ; was an officer in the War
of 181C ; member of Congress from 1823 to 1829 from
Kentucky ; Minister to tlie Republic of Colombia in
1829 ; and Lieutenant-Colonel in the Regular Army
during the war with Mexico. His last public posi-
tion was that of member of the Convention for revis-
ing the Constitution of Kentucky. He died in Har-
rodsburg, Kentucky, July 21, 1853.
Mooi'ej Thomas S, — He was born in Jefferson
County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1820 to 1823.
lloore^ William , — He was born in Montgomery
County, Pennsylvania, December 25, 1810 ; received a
common-school education ; worked on a farm, and
was clerk in a country store for some years ; was sub-
sequently devoted to mercantile pursuits in Atlantic
County, New Jersey ; spent nineteen years as agent of
the Weymouth Iron Works ; was for a time engaged
in ship-building and the coasting trade ; was twice
elected a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for At-
lantic County; serving in all, ten years ; and in 1868
he was elected a Representative from New Jersey to
the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on
the Committees on Manufactures, and Public Build-
ings and Grounds, and as Chairman of the Post-Office
Dej)artment Committee.
3Ioore, William S, — He was born in Bethle-
hem, Washington County, Pennsylvania, November
18, 1822 ; graduated at Washington College in 1847 ;
studied law ; was chosen Prothonotary in 1854 ; was
connected with the press ; and was elected to the For-
ty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Revis-
ion of Laws.
3Ioor7ieadf James Kennedy, — Born on the
Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania, in 1806 ; received
a limited education ; spent the most of his youth on
a farm, and as an apprentice to a tanner ; was one of
the contractors for building the Susquehanna branch
of the Pennsylvania Canal ; was the originator of a
passenger packet-line on said canal. In 1836 he re-
moved to Pittsburg, and there took an active part in
improving the navigation of the Monongahela, and
was made President of a company bearing that name,
and established in that city the Union Cotton Factory ;
in 1838 he received the Militia title of Adjutant-Gen-
eral ; and subsequently taking a great interest in the
business of telegraphing, became the President of sev-
eral telegraph companies. In 1859 he was elected a
Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on
Commerce ; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, serving as Chairman of the Special Committee
on National Armories ; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Manufactures, and as a member of the Committee on
Naval Affairs ; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means,
and again at the head of the Committee on Manufac-
tures. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Was
also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1868.
Moran^ JBenJamin. — He was a citizen of Penn-
sylvania ; after receiving a good education, he was
appointed a Clerk at the Legation of London ; was
soon made Secretary ; frequently officiated as Charge
d' Affaires ad interim; and in 1874, as a return for his
long and efficient services, he was appointed Minister
Resident to Portugal.
3Ioreheadf Charles S, — He was born in Nelson
County, Kentucky, in 1802 ; he adopted the profes-
sion of law, and after practicing it for a few years, he
was elected to the State Legislature, serving during
1828 and 1829 ; he was api^ointed in 1832 Attorney-
General of Kentucky, which office he held five years ;
in 1838, 1839, and 1840, he was again returned to the
Legislature, officiating during the latter year as Speak-
er ; was re-elected and made Speaker in 184J ; was
again re-elected in 1842 and 1844, and for the third
time chosen Speaker ; and he was a Representative in
Congress from Kentucky from 1847 to 1851. In 1853
he was once more returned to the Legislature, and in
1855 was elected Governor of Kentucky. He was for
many years one of the most devoted friends and sup-
porters of Henry Clay. In 1861 he was a Delegate to
the " Peace Convention " held in Washington. Died
at Greenville, Mississipj)i, December 23, 1868.
Mof'ehead, I, T, — He was a Representative in
Congress from North Carolina from 1851 to 1853.
ISlovehead, James T. — Born in Covington,
Kentucky, May 24, 1797 ; studied law, and entered
upon the practice in 1818. He served three years in
the State Legislature ; in 1832 he was elected Lieu-
tenant-Governor of Kentucky, and after the death of
Governor Breathitt in 1834, became Governor. In
1837 he was again elected to the Legislature, and in
1838 he was appointed President of the Board of In-
ternal Improvements, which office he held until 1841,
when he was elected to the United States Senate for
the term of six years. He subsequently resumed the
practice of his profession, and died at Covington, Ken-
tucky, December 28, 1854.
3Iorey^ Frank, — He was born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, July 11, 1840 ; educated in the public
schools ; removed to Illinois in 1857, engaged in mer-
cantile pursuits, and read law ; entered the army and
served principally on staff duty ; settled in Loviisiana
in 1866, and engaged in cotton-planting and in the in-
surance business ; was a member of the Assembly in
1868 and 1869 ; appointed a commissioner to revise
the statutes and codes of the State ; and was elected
to the Forty-first, Forty-second, Forty-third and For-
ty-Fourth Congresses, serving on the Committees on
Public Lands, Freedmen's Affairs, and Military
Affairs, and Chairman of that on Mississippi Levees.
Morr/anf diaries TI. — Born in Alleghany Coun-
ty, New York, July 5, 1842 ; emigrated with hib'
parents to Wisconsin when a child ; was educated at
Fond-du-lac, and studied law ; served four years and
two months in the war for the Union as a Volunteer,
and then began the practice of his profession , re-
moved to Missouri and became Prosecuting Attorney
for Benton County ; was elected to the State Legisla-
ture, and in 1874 he was elected a Representative
from Missouri to the Forty-fourth Congress.
JMoj'gan, ChristojfJier, — He was born in Gro-
ton, Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1828 ;
and was a Representative in Congress from New York
from 1839 to 1843. He was Secretary of State of New
York from 1848 to 1852, and Mayor of Auburn in
1860.
Moi^ganf Daniel, — Was a native of New Jer-
sey, but removed in early life to Virginia. Having
neither the advantages of wealth nor of a good educa-
tion, he was dependent for his support on hard labor.
In 1755 he served as a private soldier under General
Braddock. At the close of the campaign he retired to
a farm in Frederick County. At the commencement
of the Revolution he commanded a troop of Cavalry,
under General Washington, at Boston. He was de-
tached on the expedition against Quebec, and when
Arnold was wounded he took command of his divi-
sion ; but the retreat of the other division, after the
fall of Montgoriiery, left Morgan to contend with the
whole force of the enemy, and he was taken prisoner.
On being exchanged he was appointed to the com-
300
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
mand of a regiment. He was with General Gates at
tlie capture of Burgoyne. In 1778 lie commanded a
corps on the Schuylkill to cut off supplies from the
British in Philadelphia, He served in the Southern
campaign, under General Greene, and advanced to the
rank of Brigadier-General, receiving from Congress a
gold medal for the skill and bravery he displayed at
the battle of Cowpens in the defeat of Tarleton. In
1794 he commanded the Militia of Virginia, ordered
out by President Washington for the purpose of sup-
pressing the Whisky Insurrection in Pensylvania. He
was a Representative in Congress from 1795 to 1799.
In 1799 he published an address to his constituents,
vindicating the administration of Mr. Adams. He
died at Winchester, Virginia, in 1802, aged sixty-
nine years.
Morgan, Edwin B, — Born at Aurora, Cay-
uga County, New York, May 2, 1806. He was a mer-
chant by occupation, until his election to the Thirty-
third Congress as a Representative ; and he was re-
elected to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con-
gresses, and was a member of the Committee on Pub-
lic Buildings and Grounds.
Morgan, Edwin 2). — Born in Washington,
Berkshire County, Massachusetts, February 8, 1811 ;
at the age of seventeen he entered a wholesale gro-
cery house in Hartford, Connecticut, as a clerk, and
in three years became a partner ; soon after attaining
his majority he was chosen a member of the City
Council of Hartford ; in 1836 he settled in New York
city, and was extensively engaged in mercantile pur-
suits ; in 1849 he was chosen an Alderman of the
city ; during the same year he was elected to the
State Senate, and served two terms ; in 1855 he was
appointed Commissioner of Emigration, and held the
office until 1858; was Vice-President of the "Na-
tional Republican Convention " held at Pittsburg in
1856 ; since then has been Chairman of the National
Republican Committee ; in 1858 he was elected Gov-
ernor of New York, and re-elected in 1860 ; in 1861 he
was appointed by President Lincoln Major-General of
Volunteers, and, though he rendered much service,
declined all compensation ; the number of troops sent
to the war during his administration amounting to
two hundred and twenty-three thousand ; in 1868 he
was elected a Senator in Congress from New York
for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Commit-
tees on Commerce, Manufactures, the Pacific Rail-
road, Military Affairs, Printing, Mines and Mining,
Finance, and as Chairman of the Committee on the
Library. ^ By virtue of his being Chairman of the Na-
tional Union Executive Committee he was present at
the ''Baltimore Convention '* of 1864, and opened its
proceedings. On the retirement of Secretary Fessen-
den, President Lincoln offered him the Secretaryship
of the Treasury, which he declined. In 1866 he was
appointed a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists'
Convention," but did not take any part in its proceed-
ings ; and in 1867 he received from Williams College
the degree of LL.D.
3Iorgan, George W,—Ee was born in Wash-
ington, Pennsylvania, September 20, 1820 ; in 1836
he left college, and, as a private, joined a company
commanded by his brother, and went to assist Texas
in gaining her independence, in which service he rose
to the rank of Captain ; in 1843 he settled in Mount
Vernon, Ohio, and adopted the profession of law ;
served in the Mexican war as Colonel of the Second
Ohio Infantry, and for his services at the battles of
Contreras and Churubusco he was brevetted a
Brigadier-General in the regular army ; in 1855 he
was appointed Consul at Marseilles ; in 1858 he was
appointed Minister Resident at Lisbon ; on the break-
ing out of the Rebellion, as Brigadier-General of
Volunteers he had command of the Seventh Division
of the Army of the Ohio ; was with General Sherman
at Vicksburg ; was assigned to the Thirteenth Army
Corps, and was in command at the taking of Fort
Henderson, in Arkansas, and, on account of his loss
of health, resigned his command in 1863. In 1865 he
was the unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Ohio,
and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from
Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs. In 1868 his seat was con-
tested by Columbus Delano, and his claims rejected.
Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con-
gresses, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs,
Military Affairs, and Reconstruction.
Morgan, tJarnes, — He was born in New Jersey,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1811 to 1813.
3Iorgan, John J, — He was born in Queens
County, New York, and was a member of the New
York Assembly ; a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1821 to 1825 ; and again in the
Assembly in 1836 and 1840. Died July 29, 1849,
aged eighty years.
Morgan, William S, — Born in Monongalia
County, Virginia, September 7, 1801. He was self-
educated ; served as a Representative in Congress
from Virginia from 1835 to 1839, and was Chairman
of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, and
declined a re-election ; in 1840 he was appointed a
Clerk in the House of Representatives, from which
position he was transferred to the Legislature of Vir-
ginia, and declined a re-election ; he was a Democratic
Elector in 1844 ; and in 1845, having injured his
health by public speaking, he was appointed to a
Clerkship in the Treasury Department.
Morphis, Joseph L, — He was born in McNairy
County, Tennessee, April 17, 1831 ; brought up as a
planter ; was a member of the State Legislature in
1859 ; entered the Confederate army as Captain in
1861 ; removed to Mississippi in 1863 ; was elected to
the State Constitutional Convention of Mississippi in
1865 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1866,
1867, and 1868 ; and elected to the Forty-first and
Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Committee
on Roads and Canals.
Morrell, Daniel J* — He was born in North
Berwick, Maine, August 8, 1821 ; received a common-
school education ; settled in Philadelphia in 1836,
and followed the mercantile business as clerk and
principal until 1855, when he entered into the busi-
ness of manufacturing iron at Johnstown, Pennsyl-
vania ; served for a time in the councils of the town,
and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from
Pennsylvania to the Fortieth and Forty-first Con-
gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Manufactures, and on those on Freedmen's Affairs, and
Pacific Railroad. In 1875 he was appointed a Com-
missioner to the Centennial Exhibition.
Morrell, George, — Born in Lenox, Massachu-
setts, March 22, 1786 ; graduated at Williams College
in 1807 ; admitted to the bar in 1811 ; and settled at
Cooperstown, New York, appointed first Judge of
Otsego County Court, in 1827 ; member of the
Assembly in 1829 ; re-appointed Judge in 1832 ;
United States Judge of Michigan Territory from 1832
to 1836 ; Judge of the Superior Court of Michigan
from 1836 to 1843 ; Chief Justice from July 18, 1843,
to his death, which occurred at Detroit, March 8,
1845.
Morrilf David L, — Born in Epping, New
Hampshire, June 10, 1772, and died February 4,
1849. He attended Exeter Academy, studied
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
301
medicine, and commenced the practice at Epsom in
1793. He also studied theology, and was ordained a
pastor, but resigned his charge in 1811, and resumed
the practice of medicine. He was a Representative
to the General Court in 1811, 1812, and 1816, and in
1816 was chosen to the United States Senate for six
years. He subsequently became a member of the
State Senate, and its President, and afterwards, for
four successive terms, was elected Governor of New
Hampshire. He wrote and published many occasion-
al discourses and essays on various religious and
secular topics.
Morrill y Amos, — He was born in Salisbury,
Massachusetts, August 25, 1809 ; graduated at Bow-
doin College, Maine, in 1834 ; studied law in his
native village, and removed to Tennessee in 1836 ;
thence to Texas in 1839 ; in 1867, he was appointed
one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Texas,
and chosen Chief Justice of the Court ; and in 1873
he was commissioned Judge of the United States
District Court for the Eastern District of Texas.
Morrillf Anson JP, — Was born in Belgrade,
Maine, June 10, 1803 ; received the advantages of a
common-school education ; has been chiefly devoted
to mercantile and manufacturing pursuits ; was for
several years a member of the Maine Legislature ;
was Governor of Maine in 1855, and in 1860 was elect-
ed a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post-
Office and Post -Roads, and Revolutionary Claims.
Morrill^ Justin S, — He was born in Strafford,
Vermont, April 14, 1810 ; received an academic edu-
cation, and engaged in mercantile pursuits until the
year 1848, when he turned his attention to agricul-
ture. He was elected a Representative from Ver-
mont to the Thirty-fourth Congress ; and re-elected
to the Thirty-fifth, Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh,
and Thirty-eighth Congresses, serving on the Spe-
cial Committee on the Sale of Fort Snelling, and
on the regular Committees on Agriculture and on
Ways and Means. He was also a member of the
Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious
States in the Thirty-sixth Congress. Re-elected to
the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of
the Committee on Ways and Means, and as a member
of those on the Death of President Lincoln and on
Reconstruction. He was a Delegate to the Philadel-
phia ' ' Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and in October,
1866, he was elected a Senator in Congress from Ver-
mont, for the term commencing in 1867, and ending
in 1873, serving on the Committees on Finance, Post-
Ofiices and Claims. He was re-elected to the Senate
for the tenn ending in 1869, and was Chairman of the
Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds.
Morrillf Lot M, — Was born in Belgrade, Ken-
nebec County, Maine, in 1815 ; entered Waterville
College in 1834, but soon after commenced the study
of law; and in 1839 was admitted to the bar. He was
a member of the Maine Legislature in 1854 ; of the
Senate in 1856, and made its President ; he was elect-
ed Governor of Maine in 1858, and re-elected in 1859
and 1860 ; aud in 1861 was elected a Senator in Con-
gress for the unexpired term of Hannibal Hamlin,
elected Vice-President of the United States. In the
Senate he served on the Committees on Commerce,
District of Columbia, and Claims. He was also a
member of the " Peace Congress" of 1861. He was
re-elected to the United States Senate in 1863, for the
term ending in 1869, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Expenses in the Senate and of that
on the District of Columbia, of that also on Appro-
priations, and on that on Indian Affairs. He was also
re-elected to succeed William P. Fessenden for the
term ending in 1877, and serving as Chairman of the
Commitee on Appropriations.
Morrill, Samuel JP.— He was born in Chester-
ville, Franklin County, Maine, February 11, 1816 ;
received an academic education, and adopted the pro-
fession of a clergyman ; in 1857 he was elected for
five years, Register of Deeds for Franklin County ;
re-elected to the same office in 1867 ; and in 1868, he
was elected a Representative from Maine to the
Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on
Manufactures.
MorriSf Calvary. — He was born in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from
1837 to 1844.
MorriSf Charles, — He was a Delegate from
Pennsylvania, to the Continental Congress from 1783
to 1784.
MorriSf Daniel, — Born in Seneca County, New
York, January 4, 1812 ; settled when quite young in
Yates County, and was bred a farmer. Having
educated himself, he taught school for a while, and
then adopted the profession of law, which he prac-
ticed with success. Was at one time District At-
torney for Yates County ; served one term in the
State Legislature, and was Chairman of the Judiciary
Committee ; and was elected a Representative from
New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on
the Committee on the Judiciary. Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Judiciary
Committee. He is in the habit of delivering an
occasional lecture on literary topics.
MorriSf Edivard Joy, — Born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, July 15, 1817 ; graduated at Harvard
University ; was a member of the House of Represent-
atives of Pennsylvania in 1841, 1842, and 1843 ; and
elected to the Twenty- eighth Congress, as Represent-
ative from the First Congressional District ; was
appointed United States Charge d'Affaires to Naples
in 1850, where he remained four years. On his return
to Philadelphia was chosen a member of the Board of
Directors of Girard College. In 1856 was again
elected to the State Legislature, and in the fall of
that year was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
and was a member of the Committee for the District
of Columbia. As an author his publications are ; '' A
Tour through Turkey, Greece and Egypt, Arabia
Petraea," etc.; "The Turkish Empire, Social and
Political/" " Afraja ; or. Life and Love in Norway"
(a translation) ; and also a translation from the Ger-
man of Gregozovius ; " Corsica, Social and Political,"
etc. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign
Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress ;
and in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln,
Minister Resident to Turkey.
Morris, Gouverneur, — Minister from the
United States to France, and an eminent American
statesman and orator. Born in Morrisania, New
York, 1752, and graduated at King's College, in the
city of New York, in 1768. He was bred to the law,
came to the bar in 1771, and attained great celebrity
in the profession. In 1775 he was a Delegate to the
Provincial Congress from New York, and signed the
Articles of Confederation ; and was employed in the
public service in various capacities during the Revo-
lutionary contest, and in all of them displayed great
zeal and ability. After the war of the Revolution he
retired from public life, although an active member
of the Convention which formed the present Consti-
tution of the United States, which instrument he
signed. He was a Commissioner to England in 1789.
He was the second President of the New York His-
302
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS
torical Society. In 1793 lie was appointed Minister
to France, and remained in that capacity till October,
1794. He returned to America in 1798, and in 1800
was chosen a Senator of the United States from New
York, serving three years. After retiring from Con-
gress, he spent seven years in Philadelphia. He died
November 6, 1816, aged sixty-four. His publications
were numerous. Selections from his papers, with a
sketch of his life, were published by Jared Sparks.
WorriSf Isaac iV. — He is the fourth son of
Thomas Morris, and brother of Jonathan D. Morris ;
was born in Ohio, January 22, 1812. He studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in 1835 ; in 1836 he emi-
grated to Illinois, and settled in Quincy, where he
still resides. In 1840 he was appointed Secretary of
State for Illinois, but declined the position ; in 1841
he was chosen President of the Illinois and Michigan
Canal Company ; in 1846 he was elected to the State
Legislature from Adams County ; in 1856 he was
elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-
fifth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Roads
and Canals. In 1869 he was appointed a Commis-
sioner for the Pacific Railroad.
JHorriS) tfaines It, — He was born in Greene
County, Pennsylvania, January 10, 1820 (his father,
Joseph Morris, ha\'ing been a member of Congress in
1843 and 1845), and, havang become a resident of
Ohio, he was elected in 1848 to the Legislature of
that State ; and in 1860 he was elected a Representa-
tive from Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv-
ing on the Committee on Public Buildings and
Grounds, In 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving on the Committee for the
District of Columbia.
Morris y Jonathan D, — He was the eldest son
of Thomas Morris ; Avas born in Ohio ; and a lawyer
by profession. He served for twenty years as Clerk of
the Court of Common Pleas, and of the Supreme Court
of Clermont County, Ohio ; and he was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Ohio from 1849 to 1851. De-
voted to the practice of his profession for many years,
and died at Connersville, Indiana, May 16, 1875.
Morris, Joseph, — Bom in Greene County, Penn-
sylvania, October 16, 1795. He was left an orphan at
the age of ten years, and, having been apprenticed to
the trade of a wheelwright, he continued to follow the
business until he was twenty- five years old. In 1824
he was elected Sheriff of his native county. In 1829
he removed to Ohio, and devoted himself to merchan-
dizing ; he was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1838
and 1834 ; he was Treasurer of Monroe County for
one year, and, while in that ofiice, was elected to Con-
gress in 1843, and re-elected in 1845, serving two en-
tire terms. He died at Woodsfield, Ohio, October 23,
1854.
3IorriSf Letvls. — Born in Morrisania, New York,
in 1726 ; graduated at Yale College in 1746 ; and
turned his attention to agriculture ; was a Delegate
from New York to the Continental Congress from
1775 to 1777 ; was one of the signers of the Declara-
tion of Independence ; served in the Legislature of
New York ; also in the field, and rose to the rank of
Major-General of Militia. Died in New York, Janu-
ary 22, 1798. He was a man of great worth and use-
fulness, and he left three sons who served with cred-
it in the army, and received the thanks of Congress,
and he also had a son in the Navy.
MorriSf Lewis R, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Vermont from 1797 to 1803. Died in
1825, aged sixty-eight years.
MorriSf Mafhias, — A Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1835 to 1889, and was
much respected for his talents. He died at Doyles-
town, Pennsylvania, November 9, 1839, aged fifty-
four years.
Morris f Hoberf, — He was a native of England,
but came to the United States when a boy of thir-
teen, and settled in Philadelphia as a clerk, where he
spent the most of his life as an influential merchant
and financier. He was a member of the Congress of
1776, and signed the Declaration of Independence,
and also the Articles of Confederation. In 1781 he
obtained the control of the American finances, and
rendered important services to his adopted country.
He was a member of the Convention which formed
the present Constitution, and signed that instrument ;
and was chosen a United States Senator, serving from
1789 to 1795, having been one of those who voted for
locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac.
Notwithstanding his valuable services to his country,
he passed the latter years of his life in imprisonment
for debt. Until the period of his impoverishment,
his house had been the scene of most liberal hos-
pitality. He died May 8, 1806, aged seventy-one
years.
jyiorriSy Robert, — He was born in 1735. Chief
Justice of New Jersey during the Revolution ; and a
United States Judge of the District Court from 1789
to the time of his death, which occurred at New Bruns-
wick, New Jersey, May 2, 1815.
Morris, Samuel W, — Born in 1788 ; was for
many years Judge of the District Court of Tioga
County, Pennsylvania, and was a member of the
House of Representatives in Congress from 1837 to
1841. He died in Wellsborough, Pennsylvania, May
25, 1847.
3IorriSy Thomas, — He was for three years a
member of the New York Assembly, from Ontario
County ; and a Representative in Congress from 1801
to 1808.
Morris, Thomas, — He was born in Virginia,
January 8, 1776, and was the son of a Baptist clergy-
man. When nineteen years of age he emigrated to
the valley of the Ohio, and settled near the present
site of Cincinnati, but two years afterwards removed
to the County of Clermont. In 1802, while engaged
in the avocation of a day laborer, and without an in-
structor, he commenced the study of law, adopted
the profession, and became eminent. In 1806 he was
elected to the Legislature of Ohio, and represented
Clermont County, either in the Senate or House, for
a period of twenty-four years, doing much to develop
the resources of his adopted State. He was also
Chief Judge of Ohio ; and he was elected a Senator
in Congress for the long term from 1888 to 1889. He
died December 7, 1844 ; and his Life and collected
speeches and writings have been published in one
volume, under the supervision of his son, Rev. B. F.
Morris. While in Congress, he ably defended the
freedom of the press, the freedom of speech, and the
right of petition, Isaac N, and Jonathan D. Morris
were his sons.
Morrison, George IV, — He was born in Ver-
mont, and was a Representative in Congress from
New Hampshire from 1850 to 1851, and again from
1853 to 1855.
3Iorrison, James I, I>, — He was born in Illi-
nois ; studied law and practiced it for many years ;
served as an officer in the Mexican war ; was elected
to the Senate of Illinois in 1854 ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State during the third
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
303
session of the Thirty- fourth Congress, to fill a vacancy
occurring in the Eighth District. He subsequently
traveled in Europe.
Morrison f John A. — He was born in Penn-
sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1851 to 1853.
Morrison f William R, — Was born in Monroe
County, Illinois, September 14, 1825 ; received a lib-
eral education, and adopted the profession of law ; in
1852 was chosen Clerk of Monroe County, which office
he resigned to go into the State Legislature, where he
served three years ; and was Speaker of the House in
1859 ; served as a private in the Mexican war, fight-
ing under Colonel Bissell at Buena Vista ; after the
Rebellion broke out, he organized the Forty-ninth
Regiment Illinois Volunteers, and was severely
wounded at Fort Donaldson ; and while in command
of his regiment in the field was elected a Representa-
tive from Illinois to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committee on the Militia. He was also a
Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con-
vention" of 1866, and the " New York Convention "
of 1868. Re-elected to the Forty-third and Forty-
fourth Congresses, serving on various Committees.
In December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of
the Committee on Ways and Means.
Morrissey^ John, — He was born in the town of
Templemore, Tipperary County, Ireland, February
12, 1831 ; emigrated to the United States when five
years of age, and, for many years, resided at Troy and
Lansingburg, in New York ; worked for a time in a
paper-mill, and afterwards learned the trade of a
brush manufacturer ; was subsequently engaged as
deck hand on a Hvidson River steamer, and then be-
came a runner for a Steam boat Company in New York
city ; in 1852 he made his fiirst appearance in Califor-
nia as a professional gladiator or pugilist ; returning
to New York he participated in several encounters,
which gave him a wide reputation in the sporting
world, and, after winning what is called the '' Cham-
pionship," in 1858, he relinquished the profession.
He subsequently entered into politics, and in 1866
was elected a Representative from New York to the
Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the
Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Was a Dele-
gate to the New York Convention of 1868 ; and in 1875
elected to the Senate of New York.
3Iorrow, Jere^niah, — Born in Pennsylvania, in
1770, but removed to the Northwest Territory, now
the State of Ohio, in 1795, and was chosen a member
of the Territorial Legislature in 1800. He was the
first Representative in Congress from Ohio, serving
from 1803 to 1813 ; and was a Senator in Congress
from 1813 to 1819, being appointed in 1814 a Com-
missioner to treat with the Indians. He was in 1821
a Presidential Elector, and Governor of Ohio from
1822 to 1826 ; subsequently a Canal Commissioner ;
was elected to Congress in 1840 for the unexpired
term of Thomas Corwin ; served also as a Represent-
ative in Congress from 1841 to 1843, officiating as
Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands ; and,
for several years before his death, was President of
the Little Miami Railroad Company. He ded in
Ohio, March 22, 1852.
Morse^ Freeman H,—E.e was born in Bath,
Maine, February 18, 1807 ; was in the State Legisla-
ture from 1840 to 1844, and also in 1853 and 1856 ;
was Mayor of Bath three years ; was elected to Con-
gress in 1843, serving one term ; and was re-elected a
Representative to the Thirty -fifth Congress from
Maine, serving as a member of the Committee on the
Cost of Public Printing, and that on Naval Affairs.
He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
and was a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-
three on the Rebellious States. He was also a mem-
ber of the " Peace Congress " of 1861 ; and, by Presi-
dent Lincoln, was appointed Consul at London.
Morse, Isaac Edwards, — Born in New Or-
leans, Louisiana, in 1809 ; educated at Partridge's
Military Academies at Norwich, in Vermont, and at
Middletown, in Connecticut ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1829 ; studied law in New Orleans, and
in Pennsylvania ; and was a Representative from
Louisiana in the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, Thir-
tieth, and Thirty-first Congresses, or from 1843 to
1851. He was subsequently Attorney-General of Lou-
isiana, and died in New Orleans, February 11, 1866.
3Iorse, O, A, — Born in Cherry Valley, Otsego
County, New York, March 26, 1815 ; graduated at
Hamilton College, New York ; studied law, but has
not practiced of late years ; and was elected a Rep-
resentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a
member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions.
Morsell, James S, — He was born in Calvert
County, Maryland, January 10, 1775 ; received a good
education ; studied law, and came to the bar in
Georgetown, District of Columbia, where he contin-
ued to reside the whole of his life ; he served as a
volunteer soldier in the War of 1812 ; in 1816 he was
appointed by President Madison a Judge of the United
States Court for the District of Columbia, and contin-
ued in that capacity until 1863, when that court was
abolished to make way for the new order of affairs.
He numbered among his intimate friends such men as
Francis Key, Roger Taney, and Walter Jones, all of
them first-class men in their day ; and he vras also
personally acquainted with George Washington. He
died, after a long life of honor and usefulness, at the
residence of his daughter in Prince George County,
Maryland, January 11, 1870, having on the preceding
day completed his ninety-fifth year.
Morton f Jaclxson. — He was born in Virginia,
and removing to Florida, was a Senator in Congress
from that State from 1849 to 1855. He subsequently
entered extensively into the business of manufactur-
ing lumber in Florida. Served in the Rebellion as a
member of the Confederate Congress.
Morton, Jeremiah. — He was born in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1849 to 1851.
Morton, John, — Born in Ridley, Delaware
County, Pennsylvania, in 1724 ; spent his boyhood on
his father's farm, and received a common English ed-
ucation ; in 1764 he was appointed a Justice of the
Peace ; was soon elected to the Assembly of the State ;
was a member of the New York Congress in 1765 ; in
1767 he became a County Sheriff, holding the office
three years ; was a Judge of the Supreme Court ; he
was a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; a
Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to
1777 ; and he died in April of the latter year. His
dying words were uttered in behalf of his distracted
country.
Morton^ Marcns, — He was born in Freetown,
Massachusetts, December 19, 1784 ; graduated at
Brown University in 1804 ; studied law, and devoted
himself to politics ; in 1811 he was chosen (lerk of
the Massachusetts Senate ; he was a Representative
in Congress from Massachusetts from 1817 to 1821 ; in
1823 was a member of the Executive Council of that
State ; in 1824 was elected Lieutenant-Governor ; sub-
sequently a Judge of the Supreme Court of Massachu-
setts from 1825 to 1840 ; and was Governor of the
State from 1840 to 1841, and again from 1848 to
30i
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
1844, chosen botli times by one vote ; and was Collec-
tor of Boston from 1845 to 1849. He was also a mem-
ber of the " Constitutional Convention " of 1853 ; and
a member of the State Legislature in 1858. Died at
Taunton, February 6, 1864.
JIorfo)i, Oliver JP, — He was born in Wayne
County, Indiana, August 4, 1823 ; was educated at the
IMiami University ; studied law, and came to the bar
in 1847 ; in 1852 he was elected Circuit Judge of the
Fifth Judicial Circuit of Indiana ; in 1856 he was
nominated by the Republicans for the office of Gov-
ernor of Indiana, but defeated ; in 1860 he was elected
Lieutenant-Governor of Indiana, and in 1861, on the
transfer of Governor H. S. Lane to the Senate, he
assumed the office of Governor and held it four years ;
in 1864 he was elected Governor for a second term ;
and in 1835, on account of his having been stricken
with paralysis, he visited Europe in the hope of im-
proving his health, but returned in 1866, and in spite
of continued ill-health resumed his executive duties.
In June, 1866, he delivered a political speech while
seated in his chair, which created much enthusiasm
in the State, and of which more than a million copies
were published in pamphlet form ; and on the subse-
quent meeting of the Legislature, in January, 1867. he
was elected by a remarkable vote a Senator in Con-
gress for the term ending in 1873, ser\-ingon the Com-
mittees on Foreign Relations, Agriculture, Military
Affairs, and Private Land Claims. In 1870 he was
tendered the Mission to England, but declined ; and
was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in
1879, serving as Chairman of the Committees on Privi-
leges and Elections.
Moseleij, Jonathan Off den. — Born at East
Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut ; was a grad-
uate of Yale College in 1780 ; and a Representative in
Congress from his native State from 1805 to 1821. He
subsequently removed to Michigan, and died at Sag-
inaw, in that State, September 9, 1839, aged seventy-
seven years.
Moseley, William Jt.— He graduated at Tale
College in 1816 ; was a member of the New York As-
sembly in 1835 ; of the State Senate from 1838 to 1841 ;
and a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1847.
3Ioselefjf William D, — He was Governor of
Florida from 1845 to 1849.
Moses f F. J., Jr, — He was Governor of South
Carolina from 1873 to 1875.
Motley, John Lofhrojy.—Vfsis bom in Dor-
chester, Massachusetts, April 15, 1814 ; graduated at
Harvard L'niversity in 1831 ; spent a year at each of
the Universities of Gottingen and Berlin, afterward
• traveled in Italy, and then returned to America, where
he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1836. In
1839 he published " Morton's Hope," a novel ; in 1840
he was Secretary of Legation to Russia, but soon re-
turned ; in 1849 he wrote "Merry Mount," and also
contributed articles to the Xeic York Bevieic on De
Tocqueville's Democracy, and Goethe's writings ; and
to the Xorth American Benew on Peter the Great.
He went to Europe in 1851 to gather materials for a
history of the " Rise and Fall of the Dutch Republic,"
which was published in London in 1856 ; the work
was translated into the Dutch, German, and French
languages, with an introduction by Guizot in the lat-
ter. In 1861 he published the '' United Netherlands."
He was a member of the Institute of France, and other
learned societies of Europe and America. In 1861 he
published in the London Times an essay on " The
Causes of the American Civil War." In 1868 deliv-
ered an address on Historic Progress and American
Democracy. In November, 1866, was appointed Min-
ister Plenipotentiary to Austria ; and was recalled in
1867. He was Minister to England from April, 1869, to
November, 1870.
3Iottf Gorden X, — Was bom in Zanesville,
Ohio, October 21, 1812 ; studied law, and came to the
bar in 1836 ; during the troubles in that year between
Mexico and Texas he served nine months as a volun-
teer in the Texan service ; and soon after that returned
to Ohio, and settled in the practice of his profession in
Miami County. He also served as a Captain in the
war with Mexico, having raised the company he com-
manded, after which he again returned to his native
State. In 1849 he emigrated to California ; in 1850
was elected Judge of Sutter County ; in 1851 was ap-
pointed a District Judge ; in 1861 he was appointed by
President Lincoln a Justice of the Supreme Court of
Nevada Territory ; and in 1862 was elected a Delegate
from that Territory to the Thirty-eighth Congress.
Mottn James, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New Jersey from 1801 to 1805. He had
previously been Treasurer of the State, and was a
Presidential Elector in 1809.
3Iott, Hichard. — Born in Mamaroneck, West-
chester County, New York, July 21, 1804. He was
educated at the Quaker Seminary of "Nine Part-
ners," in Dutchess County, New York ; bred a mer-
chant, and has resided in Toledo, Ohio, for twenty
years ; was elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and
re-elected to the Thirty-fifth.
MottCf Isaac. — ^He was a Delegate from South
Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1780 to
1782.
Mouiton^ JMace. — He was bora in New Hamp-
shire ; was SherifE of Hillsborough County in 1845 ;
a State Councilor in 1848 and 1849 ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1845 to
1847.
Jloulton, Samuel W. — He was born in Wen-
ham, Massachusetts, January 20, 1822 ; received a
common-school education ; after spending some years
I in the Southern States he settled in Illinois in 1845 :
I adopted the. profession of law ; was a member of the
Illinois Legislature from 1852 to 1859 ; was a Presi-
dential Elector in 1856 ; was the author of the pres-
I ent common-school system of the State ; was chosen
' President of the Board of Education of Illinois in
1859, and held the position in 1864, when he was
elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-
ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Terri-
tories, and Expenditures in the Navy Department,
and also on those on a Bureau of Education and Free
Schools in the District of Columbia.
Moultrie^ William. — Bom in South Carolina,
1731 ; had a good education ; and in 1761 was Captain
in the Cherokee Expedition ; member of the Provin-
cial Congress in 1775 ; was promoted to Colonel in
1775 ; and by planting a battery at Haddrill's Point
compelled two British vessels to move off ; was a
member of the Council of Safety ; in 1776 was or-
dered to Sullivan's Island, and his defense of Fort
Moultrie won for him great renown. In 1776 he was
made Brigadier-General ; in 1779 defeated a superior
British force near Beaufort ; the same year he opposed
the advance upon Charleston, and held the city until
the approach of General Lincoln ; also distinguished
himself in 1780 at Charleston, and was imprisoned
until exchanged for General Burgoyne ; was Major-
General in 1782 ; and was Governor of South Carolina
from 1785 to 1786 ; and from 1794 to 1796. ^Vhile
prisoner, he wrote his "Memoirs." Died in Charles-
ton, South Carolina, September 27, 1805.
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS
305
Moiitoiif Alexander, — He was a Senator in
Congress from Louisiana from 1837 to 1841, and Gov-
ernor of the State from 1841 to 1845. Took part in the
Rebellion, and was killed on the Red River, April 9,
1864.
3Iotver, Horace, — He was born in Vermont,
and removed to Michigan, from which State he was
appointed an Associate Justice of the United States
Court for the Territory of New Mexico, residing at
Santa Fe.
Mowry, Daniel^ Jr, — He was a resident of
Smithfield, Rhode Island, which he represented in
the Colonial General Assembly at the time when they
passed the act which renounced allegiance to the
king. He was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas
in Rhode Island ; was elected a Delegate to the Con-
tinental Congress from that State in 1781. Although
the intention was to keep only two Delegates in Con-
gress, four were elected, with instructions to serve
alternately, each couple for six months. Varnum and
Mowry were to have the first six months, and Collins
and Ellery the second.
3Itiddf Ignatius, — He was appointed in 1850
Commissioner of Public Buildings for the District of
Columbia, holding the position until 1851. .
Mtihlenherg, Francis Samuel, — Was born
in Philadelphia, April 22, 1795 ; received a liberal ed-
ucation ; studied law, and was Private Secretary of
Governor Heister of Pennsylvania. He removed to
Ohio ; became a member of the Legislature of that
State ; and was a Representative from Ohio in the
Twentieth Congress. Died in Pickaway County, Ohio,
in 1832.
Muhlenberg f Frederick Augustus, — Broth-
er of F. S. Muhlenberg ; was born at the Trappe,
June 2, 1750 ; was ordained to the ministry of the Lu-
theran Church in Germany. On his return he offici-
ated in country churches in Pennsylvania, and in a
church in New York city, which he left when the
British entered. In 1779 and 1780 he was elected to
the Continental Congress by the Legislature of Penn-
sylvania. For three years following he was a mem-
ber of and Speaker of the State Legislature. He was
a miember of and President of the Council of Censors,
and took an efficient part in calling the Convention of
1790, which revised the State Constitution. He was
President of the State Convention called to consider
the ratification of the Federal Constitution, to which
he gave an earnest support. He was a member of the
First, Second, Third, and Fourth Congresses ; was
Speaker of the House in the First and Third Con-
gresses ; and was one of those who voted for locating
the Seat of Government on the Potomac. As Chair-
man of the Committee of the Whole, he gave his cast-
ing vote in favor of the law required to carry Jay's
Treaty into effect. He was Register of the Land
Office of Pennsylvania, under Governors Mifflin and
McKean, holding which office he died at Lancaster,
on June 4, 1801.
Muhlenberg , Henry Augustus, — Son of
Rev. Dr. Henry Ernestus and nephew of J. P. G. and
F. A. Muhlenberg ; was born at Lancaster, Pennsyl-
vania, May 13, 1782. Carefully educated by his very
learned father, he Avas ordained to the Lutheran Min-
istry in 1802. He was called to Trinity Cliurch,
Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1802, and remained a most
acceptable pastor of that congregation until 1828,
when for ill-health and other causes he resigned the
ministry. He was President of the Lutheran Ministeri-
um of Pennsylvania, as had been his father and grand-
father before him. He was elected a Representative
20
from Pennsylvania to Congress in 1828, and served
from March 4, 1829, until February, 1838, when he
resigned his seat and accepted the Mission to Austria,
about that time created. President Van Buren offered
him the Navy Department, when forming his Cabinet,
and the Mission to Russia, both of which he declined.
In 1835 he was the candidate of a portion of the Dem-
ocratic Party for Governor, and in 1838 appointed
Minister to Austria. In 1840 he was recalled at his
own request from Austria. In 1844 he was nominated
for the Governorship by the Democratic Party, but
during the canvass died suddenly at Reading, on
the 12th of August of that year. He was greatly be-
loved by the people, and greatly deserved their love
as an upright man and able statesman.
Muhlenberg, Henry Augustus. — A son of
Henry A. Muhlenberg, before mentioned, was born at
Reading, Pennsylvania, in July, 1823. He received
an excellent education, availing himself to the fullest
extent of every advantage offered to him. Graduated
at Dickinson College ; studied law for four years, and
was admitted to the bar in July, 1844. He was elected
to the State Senate in 1848, of which body he at once
became a leading member ; he served his term of
three years. He wrote a Life of General Muhlenberg.
Was elected a member of the Thirty-third Congress,
in which body he appeared but for one day ; sicken-
ing with typhoid fever, he was never able to resume
his seat, and died at Washington, January 9, 1854, to
the great regret of a constituency which anticipated
for him a long and distinguished career in the public
service.
Muhlenberg f JoJin Feter Gabriel, — Son of
Henry Melchior Muhlenberg ; was born at the Trappe,
Pennsylvania, October 1, 1746. He was sent to Halle,
in Germany, with his two younger brothers, Frederick
A. and Henry E., in 1762, for education. The three
brothers were devoted to the Christian ministry.
Peter was ordained Deacon in the Church of England,
on April 21, 1772, by the Bishop of London ; a few
days after. Priest, in company with William White,
afterwards Bishop. Returning to America he was
settled over a charge in Dunmore, now Shenandoah
County, Virginia. In 1774 he was elected to the
House of Burgesses of that Colony. At the breaking
out of the Revolution, his ardent sympathies with it
carried him into the army. In his farewell sermon he
told his people, " There was a time for all things, — a
time to preach and a time to fight, and that now was
the time to fight." He raised the Eighth Virginia
Regiment, and was made Colonel of it. His first
campaign was in South Carolina and Georgia. On
February 21, 1777, he was made Brigadier-General, in
which capacity he served with distinguished gallantry
at Brandy wine, Germantown, Monmouth, Stony Point,
in Virginia, and at Yorktown, where he commanded
the First Brigade of Light Infantry, in making the
final assault with which he was wounded. In the
last promotion he was made Major-General. After the
war he was elected Vice-President of Pennsylvania;:
was a Presidential Elector in 1797 ; member of the
First, Third, and Sixth Congresses, from Pennsylva--
nia ; and United States Senator in 1801, which office he •
resigned in 1802. He left the Senate in 1802, and was
appointed Supervisor of Revenue for Pennsylvania in
that year ; Collector of the port of Philadelphia in
1809, holding which office he died, October 1, 1807.
Mullettf James, — He was for a long period Judge
o-f the Eighth Judicial District of the Supreme Court
of the State of New York, and died at Fredonia in
that State, September 10, 1858.
Mullin, tToseph, — He was a native of Ireland,
and a Representative in Congress from New York
from 1847 to 1849.
106
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Miillins, James, — He was born in Bedford
County, Tennessee, September 15, 1807 ; received a
limited education while working upon bis father's
farm ; on becoming of age he turned his attention to
the milling business, and subsequently became a mill-
wright, which business he followed until 1829. In
18B1 he was made a Colonel of Militia ; from 1840 to
1846 he was a County Sheriff ; in 1862, on account of
his devotion to the Union, he was compelled to flee
from his home for safety, and resided within the Fed-
eral lines at Nashville ; he became a Staff Officer and
participated in the battle of Murfreesborough ; also
took part in the assault on Hoover's Gap ; he was a
Delegate to the "Nashville Convention" of 1865;
was elected to the State Legislature in the same year,
and made Speaker ; and in 1867 he was elected a
Representative from Tennessee to the Fortieth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Territories, and
Revolutionary Pensions.
3Iumford, George, — Born in Rowan County,
North Carolina. He represented it in the General
Assembly in 1810 and 1811 ; and was a Representative
in Congress from 1817 to 1819, having died in Wash-
ington before the expiration of his term, December
31, 1818.
Wiimfordf Gurdon S. — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1805 to 1811.
3Iiingen, William, — He was bom in Baltimore,
Maryland, May 12, 1821 ; removed with his parents
to Ohio in 1880 ; he received the rudiments of his ed-
ucation from his mother, but afterwards obtained a
knowledge of the Latin and German languages ;
spent his youth engaged in agricultural pursuits ;
adopted the profession of law ; was for some years
the publisher and editor of the Democratic Courier,
published in Findlay, Ohio ; in 1846 and 1848 he was
chosen a County Auditor ; in 1851 he was elected to
the State Senate and declined a re-election ; was a
Delegate to the Democratic " Cincinnati Convention "
of 1856, to the "Charleston and Baltimore Conven-
tions" of 1860, and to the Philadelphia "National
Union Convention" of 1866. He served during the
Rebellion under General Sherman, as Colonel of the
Fifty-seventh Ohio Volunteers, which he raised, from
1861 to 1863, when he resigned on account of ill-
health. On recovering his health he was appointed
the State Agent to visit all the Ohio troops in the
Department of Tennessee with poll-books and tally-
sheets ; in 1864 he was appointed to perform the same
duty for the Ohio troops in the Army of the Potomac;
and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from
Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tees on the Niagara Ship Canal, the Union Prisoners,
and Indian Affairs. Re-elected to the Forty-first Con-
gress.
Wunroef tfames, — He was born in Virginia ;
graduated at West Point in 1815 : and, having re-
moved to New York, was elected a Representative in
Congress from that State, serving from 1839 to 1841.
He was a member of the Assembly of New York in
1850 and 1852, and a State Senator during the three
subsequent years. Died in New Jersey in 1870.
Mtfiiroef Thomas, — He became a citizen of
Washington about the time of the removal of the
Seat of Government from Philadelphia, and in 1802
he was appointed Superintendent or Commissioner of
Public Buildings for the District of Columbia.
MunsoUf Lyman E, — He was appointed Chief
Justice of the United States Court for the Territory of
Montana.
Mtirfree^ William H, — Bom in Hertford
County, North Carolina ; graduated at Chapel Hill in
1801, and, having studied law, was a successful advo-
cate. He served in the State Legislature in 1805,
was a Representative in Congress from 1818 to 1817,
and was Presidential Elector in 1818. In 1825 he
emigrated to Tennessee, and soon after died at Nash-
ville.
Mitrphiff Charles, — He was born in South
Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress from
1851 to 1853.
JMurphi/f Henry C, — He was born in Brooklyn.
New York, in 1810 ; graduated at Columbia College
in 1830 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1838 ; was at one time attorney for the City of Brook-
lyn ; was elected Mayor of that city in 1842 : was a
Representative in Congress from New York from 1843
to 1849 ; and by President Buchanan was appointed
Minister to the Hague. In his tastes he was decided-
ly literary, and has devoted much attention to the in-
vestigation of the early history of his native State.
On his return from Europe he was elected to the
Legislature of New York, serving both in the Assem-
bly and Senate ; and he was also a Delegate to the
" State Constitutional Convention" of 1867 ; and was
re-elected to the State Senate in 1868 and 1869. In
1868 he published a translation from the Dutch en-
titled " Journal of a Voyage to New York, in 1679,
1680 ; " and was a Delegate to the New YotIl Conven-
tion of that year.
3Iur2}7i/i/f Isaac, — He was Governor of Arkan-
sas from 1864 to 1868.
3Iiirphif ^ tJolin, — He was a native of South Caro-
lina ; graduated at the South Carolina College in
1808 ; was Clerk of the Senate of South Carolina ;
Trustee of his Alma Mater ; removed to Alabama in
1817 ; was Governor of Alabama from 1825 to 1829,
and a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1888 to 1885. He died in Clark County, Ala-
bama, September 21, 1841, in the fifty-sixth year of
his age.
JMurphy, John L, — He was born in Tennessee
and was appointed an Associate Justice of the United
States Court for the Territory of Montana, residing
in Virginia City.
3Iffrp7iy^ William S, — He was a citizen of
Ohio, and in 1843 he was appointed Charge d'Aflaires
to the Republic of Texas, and died at Galveston, July
13, 1844.
3Itirrah, Fendleton, — He was born in Alaba-
ma ; graduated at Brown University in 1848 ; and
was Governor of Texas from 1868 to 1865. He died
at Monterey, Mexico, September 23, 1865.
Murray , Afnbrose S, — He was born in New
York, and was elected a Representative from that
State to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con-
gresses, and was a member of the Committee on
Mileage.
MtirjHiyf Hugh C, — He emigrated to Califor-
nia in 1850 ; became a member of the City Govern-
ment of San Francisco ; was also President Judge of
the Superior Court there ; and was subsequently made
a Judge and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of
the State. Died in San Francisco, September 18,
1857.
Murray f John, — He was born in Lancaster,
Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State, from 1817 to 1821.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
307
Murray, J^ohn X. — He was a Representative
in Congress from Kentucky, from 1838 to 1839.
Murray, TJiomas, — He was born in Northum-
berland County, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State, from 1821 to
1823.
Murray f William. — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1851 to 1855.
3Ii(rrayf Williajn Vans, — He was born in
Maryland about the year 1761. In 1783 he went to
London, and entered as a student of law at the Tepi-
ple, and remained three years. On returning to his
native State he engaged in the practice of law, but
was soon elected to a seat in the Legislature. In 1791
he was elected a Representative in Congress, and con-
tinued in that position until 1797, when he declined
being a candidate. He was appointed by Washington
Minister to the Netherlands ; and, in connection with
Mr. Ellsworth and Mr. Davie, he negotiated a treaty
with France in 1800. He returned to the United
States in 1801, and died December 11, 1803. He pos-
sessed great keenness of wit and delicacy of taste,
and was distinguished for his eloquence, having a
mind well stored with science and literature.
MufcJiler, William, — Born in Northhampton
County, Pennsylvania, December 21, 1831 ; brought
up on a farm ; received an academic education ; studied
law at Easton, and went to the bar in that place ; in
1860 elected Prothonotary of his native county, and
re-elected in 1863 ; was for two years an Assessor of
Internal Revenue ; in 1869 and 1870 he was Chairman
of the Democratic State Committee, and in 1874 was
elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the
Forty-fourth Congress. In December, 1875, he was
appointed Chairman of the Committee on Expend-
itures in the Interior Department.
Muter f George, — Was a soldier of the Revolu-
tion ; appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of Marshall's
Virginia Artillery Regiment in 1777 ; and was Chief
Justice of Kentucky. He died May 9, 1811.
MyerSf A^^nos, — Born in Lancaster County,
Pennsylvania, April 23, 1824 ; received a good aca-
demic education ; studied law, and came to the bar in
1846. In 1847 he was appointed a District Attorney ;
and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from
Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the
Navy Department, and a member of the Committee on
Mileage.
Myers, Tjeonard, — He was bom in Attle-
borough, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, November 13,
1827 ; received a liberal education and adopted the
profession of law ; was Solicitor for two Municipal
Districts in Philadelphia ; digested the ordinances for
the consolidation of the city, and has translated sev-
eral works from the French. He was elected, in
1862, a Representative from Pennsylvania to the
Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committees
on Patents and Expenditures in the Post-office De-
partment. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Patents, Expenditures
in the Post-office Department, and the Special Com-
mittee on the Civil Service. Re-elected to the Forti-
eth Congress, and was placed on the Committees on
Foreign Affairs and Patents. Re-elected to the three
succeeding Congresses, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Patents.
NaherSf Benjamin D, — He was born in Ten-
nessee ; and, on removing to Mississippi, was elected
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1851 to 1853. Returning to Tennessee, he was a
Presidential Elector, in 1861, from that State.
JVasJi, Ahner, — He was of Welsh descent, and
born in Prince Edward County, Virginia ; was edu-
cated for the bar ; he was the first elected Speaker of
the North Carolina Senate, serving several terms ;
was the second Governor of the State under the Con-
stitution, in 1781 ; from 1782 to 1785 he was in the
Assembly ; and was a Delegate to the Continental
Congress from 1782 to 1786. Died during the latter
year, while on his way to Philadelphia to take his seat
in Congress, at New York, December 2, 1786. He
was a true patriot, sparing neither health nor property
in the cause of his country.
NasJi, C, E, — Born in Opelousas, Parish of St.
Landry, Louisiana, May 23, 1844 ; received a common-
school education in New Orleans ; enlisted as a private
soldier in the Corps d'Afrique in 1863, and was pro-
moted to the rank of sergeant-major of the regiment ;
lost a leg at Fort Blakely, and was honorably dis-
charged in 1865 ; and in 1874 he was elected a Repre-
sentative from Louisiana to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
Wash, Fredericic, — Born at Newbern, North
Carolina, February 9, 1781 ; graduated at New Jersey
College in 1799 ; studied law ; was a member of the
House of Commons in 1804 and 1805 ; removed to
Hillsborough in 1808 ; was a member of the Legisla-
ture in 1814 and 1815, and in 1827 and 1828 ; was a
Judge of the Superior Court from 1818 to 1826, and
from 1836 to 1844, when he was made Judge of the
Supreme Court, and filled that office till his death.
Died in Hillsborough, North Carolina, December 4,
1858.
Nashf tfohu W. — He was a native of Virginia ;
li berally educated, and adopted the profession of law ;
served a number of years in the State Legislature,
and was, for ten years, a Judge of the District Court
of Virginia. Died at Powhatan, Virginia, July 17,
1859.
Natidainf Arnold, — He was born in Delaware ;
graduated at Princeton College in 1806 ; and was a
Senator in Congress from Delaware from 1829 to 1836.
Died in Odessa, Delaware, January 4, 1872.
Naylor, Charles, — Born in the County of Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania, October 6, 1806 ; educated a
lawyer ; admitted in 1828 to the bar of Philadelphia,
and was there for some years, extensively engaged in
practice. He represented his native district in Con-
gress from 1837 to 1841. In 1846 he raised in Phila-
delphia a company of volunteers, and, as their cap-
tain, took part in the war with Mexico ; rendezvoused
at the Island of Lobos, in the Gulf of Mexico ; landed
with the invading army at Vera Cruz ; was active in
the operations before that city, and in most of th e en-
gagements in General Scott's line. Upon the fall of
the City of Mexico, September 14, 1847, he was ap-
pointed Governor of the National Palace (the " Halls
of the Montezumas "), and keeper of the archives and
property of that Republic ; and continued to hold
that place and to aid in the administration of the
government of the city till the final evacuation of it
by the American army, June 12, 1848. He had filled
many posts of trust and honor in his native State.
Died in Philadelphia, December 24, 1872.
Weal, Lawrence T, — He was born in Parkers-
burg, Virginia, September 22, 1844 ; educated at the
Asbury Academy ; removed to Cliillicothe, Ohio, in
1864 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1866; was Solicitor of Chillicothe in 1867; was elected
308
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
to the Legislature in 1867 ; was Attorney of Ross
County in 1870, and held that office until 1872, when
he resigned, and was elected to the Forty-third and
Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on
the Pacific Railroad.
NealSf JRaphael, — He was born in St. Mary's
County, Maryland, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1819 to 1825.
Negleijf tfames S» — Born in Alleghany County,
Pennsylvania, December 22, 1826 ; educated at the
Western University ; served in the war with Mexico ;
entered the volunteer service in 1861, raised a brigade
in three days, and was made a Brigadier-General ; was
the first to direct public attention to the removal of
arms from the Alleghany Arsenal for the use of rebels ;
joined the army of General Sherman with his brigade,
and succeeded General Buel in Tennessee ; defended
Nashville in 1862 ; was promoted to a Major-General
for gallant services at Stone River ; served with credit
in the Campaign of Tallahoma, Alabama, and Geor-
gia ; and he was elected a Representative from Penn-
sylvania to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the
Committees on Military Affairs, Enrolled Bills, and
Revolutionary Claims ; also re-elected to the two suc-
ceeding Congresses, serving on important Commit-
tees.
NeilsoUf tfohfi, — He was a Delegate from New
Jersey to the Continental Congress in 1778 and 1779.
Nelson f Albert Hohart, — Born at Milford,
Massachusetts, March 12, 1812 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1832 ; admitted to the bar and practiced
law in Concord until 1842, when he removed to Wo-
burn, and had his office in Boston. He was several
years District Attorney for Middlesex and Essex ;
State Senator in 1848 and 1849 ; a member of the Ex-
ecutive Council in 1855 ; and a few months afterward
appointed Chief Justice of the Superior Court. Died
at Somerville, Massachusetts, June 27, 1858.
Nelson f Homer A, — He was born in Pough-
keepsie. New York, August 31, 1829 ; adopted the
profession of law. In 1855 he was elected Judge of
Dutchess County for four years, and in 1859 was re-
elected for a second term, and in 1862 he was elected
a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs
and Unfinished Busmess. In 1857 Rutgers College,
of New Jersey, conferred upon him the degree of
Master of Arts, and at the time of his election to Con-
gress he was Colonel of the One Hundred and Fifty-
ninth Regiment of New York Volunteers, which he
resigned. He was also a Delegate to the ' ' State Con-
stitutional Convention " of 1867 ; and a few months
afterwards he was elected Secretary of State, and re-
elected in 1868 and 1869.
Nelson f Hugh, — He was born in Virginia, and
was at one time Speaker of the House of Delegates of
Virginia ; a Judge of the General Court ; a Presi-
dential Elector in 1809 ; a member of Congress from
1811 to 1823 ; and immediately afterwards appointed
American Minister to Spain. He died in Albemarle
County, March 18, 1836.
Nelson, tTeremiah, — He was born in Rowley,
Essex County, Massachusetts, September 14, 1760 ;
graduated at Dartmouth College in 1790 ; settled in
Newburyport, Massachusetts, as a merchant ; served
as a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts
from 1805 to 1807, and again from 1815 to 1823 ; and
died at Newburyport, October 2, 1838.
Nelson^ John, — He was born in Frederick, Mary-
land, in 1 791 ; graduated at William and Mary College
in 1811 ; was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1821 to 1823 ; in 1831 was appointed Charge
d' Affaires to the Two Sicilies ; and in 1844 was ap-
pointed Attorney-General of the United States by
President Tyler. Died in Baltimore, January 8, 1860,
aged sixty-nine years. Received the degree of A.M.
from the College of New Jersey.
Nelson, Hoger, — Born in Maryland ; was a Gen-
eral in the Revolutionary War ; received several
severe wounds at the battle of Camden, and was left
on the field ; after the war he studied law, and prac-
ticed with success ; he was a Representative in Con-
gress from Maryland from 1804 to 1810 ; was several
years in the Virginia Legislature ; and from 1810 to
1815 was Judge of the Upper District of that State ;
he was the father of John Nelson, and died at Freder-
icktown, Maryland, June 7, 1815, at an advanced age.
Nelson, R, R, — He was born in Cooperstown,
New York, May 12, 1826 ; graduated at Yale College
in 1846 ; studied law, and came to the bar in New
York city in 1849 ; removed to St. Paul, Minnesota, in
1850 ; in 1857 he was appointed an Associate Justice
of the Supreme Court of the Territory ; and in 1858
District Judge of the United States for the State of
Minnesota. In 1875 an opinion which he delivered
on the Civil Rights Bill attracted much attention for
its liberality.
Nelson, Samuel, — He was born in Hebron, Wash-
ington County, New York, November 10, 1792, of Irish
descent; graduated at Middlebury College, Vermont, in
1813; studied law, and came to the bar of New York in
1817 ; located himself in Cortland County, where he
practiced his profession with great success ; in 1820
he was a Presidential Elector ; was a Delegate to the
"State Constitutional Convention" of 1821 ; during
the same year was appointed Postmaster of Cortland
Village ; in 1823 he was made Judge of the Circuit
Court, which he held for eight years ; in 1831 he was
appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of that State;
in 1837 he was made Chief Justice and held the posi-
tion until 1845, Avhen he was appointed by President
Tyler a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States. In 1846 he was elected a Delegate to the
"State Convention" of that year, but declined to
serve. He received the degree of LL.D. from Middle-
bury College, Columbia College, and Geneva College,
and a sketch of his career was published in the
"Pioneers of Cortland County," by H. C. Goodwin.
Died at Cooperstown, New York, December 13, 1873.
Nelson, TJiomas, — He was born in Peekskill,
New York, January 23, 1819 ; son of William Nelson,
formerly in Congress ; graduated at Williams College
in 1836 ; studied law, and admitted to the bar in New
York ; visited Europe in 1842 ; and in 1851 he was
appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court
for the Territory of Oregon.
Nelson^ Thomas, rTr, — Born in York, Virginia,
December 26, 1738 ; was educated at Trinity College,
England ; was devoted to farming and something of
a sportsman ; in 1774 he was elected to the House of
Burgesses, and took a bold stand in favor of liberty ;
was re-elected to that position ; after attending various
local conventions, he was elected a Delegate to the
Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777, and again
from 1779 to 1780, and was a signer of the Declaration
of Independence, He took some part in the military
affairs of the time as a Brigadier-General ; served in
the State Legislature ; in 1781 he was elected Gov-
ernor of Virginia ; he was present at the siege of
Yorktown, acquitted himself with ability, and was
publicly thanked by Washington ; retired to private
life in 1781 ; and died in January, 1789.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
309
XelsoFtf Thomas A. H, — He was born in Ten-
nessee ; was bred a lawyer ; was a Presidential Elect-
or in 1848 ; in 1851 he was appointed by President
Fillmore, a Commissioner to China ; served as a Rep-
resentative from that State in the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, and was a member of the Special Committee of
Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. He was re-
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but was pre-
vented from taking his seat by the forcible action of
the Rebel Government. He was also a Delegate to
the Philadeljjhia "National Union Convention" of
18G6 ; and in March, 1868, he acted as one of the Coun-
sel for President Andrew Johnson, before the High
Court of Impeachment, and was a Delegate to the
New York Convention of that year.
kelson f Thomas H, — Born in Mason County,
Kentucky, about 1824 ; removed early in life to Rock-
ville, and afterward to Terre Haute, Indiana, where
he became prominent in law and politics ; he was
Minister to Chili from 1861 to 1866 ; and appointed
Minister to Mexico, March, 1869. He was one of the
founders of the Republican Party in the West.
Nelson f Thomas M. — He was born in Virginia
in 1782 ; served with distinction in the war of 1812
as a Captain of Infantry : after the war he was pro-
moted to the rank of Major, but resigned his commis-
sion ; was a Representative in Congress from his na-
tive State from 1816 to 1819, when he declined a
re-election, and retired to private life. He died No-
vember 10, 1853.
Nelson, William, — Born in Clinton, Dutchess
County, New York, June 29, 1784 ; he received an
academical education ; studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1807 ; was District Attorney for the
Counties of Westchester, Putnam, and Rockland, for
a period of thirty years ; was a member of the Assem-
bly of New York in 1819 and 1820, and a State Senator
in 1823 ; and he was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1847 to 1851. He was a resi-
dent of Peekskill, where he died October 2, 1869.
NeSf Henry, — Born in York, Pennsylvania, in
1799, and was educated a physician. He was fre-
quently called to fill places of trust and responsibility
in his native town, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1846 to 1850,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid
Pensions. He was retiring in his habits, but had
many devoted friends. He died September 10, 1850.
Neshitt, Wilson, — He was a Representative in
Congress from South Carolina from 1817 to 1819.
Nesmith, James W, — Was born in Washing-
ton County, Maine, July 23, 1820 ; when quite young
removed to New Hampshire, and in 1838 emigrated
to Ohio ; subsequently spent some time in Missouri ;
and in 1843 emigrated to Oregon. In 1848 and 1853
he commanded, as a Captain, two expeditions against
the Indians ; in 1853 he was appointed United States
Marshal for Oregon, which he resigned in 1855, and
had the command of a regiment ; in 1857 he was ap-
pointed Superintendent of Indian AfEairs for Oregon
and Washington Territories ; and was elected a Sena-
tor in Congress from Oregon for the full term begin-
ning in 1861 and ending in 1867, serving on the Com-
mittees on Military Affairs and Indian Affairs, and
also the Special Committee appointed to visit the In-
dian tribes of the West, and the Committees on Com-
merce and Revolutionary Claims. In 1866 he was
appointed a visitor to the West Point Academy, and
was one of the Senators designated to attend the fune-
ral of General Scott. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866.
lie v/a:j subjcqueutly appointed Minister to Austria^
but not confirmed ; and, while devoting himself to
farming in Oregon, was elected to the Forty-third
Congress, in place of J. J. Wilson, deceased.
Neville, Joseph, — Born in 1730 ; was a Revolu-
tionary officer. Brigadier of State Militia, and Com-
missioner to run the boundary line between Virginia
and Pennsylvania. He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Virginia from 1793 to 1795. Died in Hardy
County, Virginia, March 4, 1819.
New, Anthony, — He was born in Gloucester
County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Virginia from 1793 to 1805 ; and, on taking
up his residence in Kentucky, was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1811 to
1813, from 1817 to 1818, and from 1821 to 1823.
New, John C, — He was born in Vernon, Indiana,
July 6, 1831 ; graduated at Bethany College, Virginia,
in 1851 ; studied law, and came to the bar in Indian-
apolis ; in 1856 he was appointed Clerk of the Marion
County Courts, and re-appointed ; in 1861 he was ap-
pointed Quartermaster-General of Indiana, serving as
such until elected to the State Senate ; he also acted,
for a time, as Financial Secretary to Governor Mor-
ton, and assisted in the management of the finances
of the State ; in 1865 he was elected Cashier of the
First National Bank of Indianapolis, serving as such
until appointed by President Grant, in 1875, without
solicitation on his part, as Treasurer of the United
States.
New, J, D, — Born in Vernon, Indiana, Novem-
ber 28, 1830 ; was educated at Bethany College, West
Virginia ; began the practice of law in 185G ; elected
District Prosecuting Attorney in 1862, and served two
years ; elected Judge of Common Pleas in 1864, and
served four years ; and has since been actively en-
gaged in his profession.
Neivhold, Thomas, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New Jersey from 1807 to 1813 ; after
which he served in the Legislature of that State.
Died in Burlington County, of apoplexv, in December,
1823.
Neivcomb, C, A, — He was born in Mercer
County, Pennsylvania, July 1, 1830 ; received a clas-
sical education ; adopted the profession of law ; de-
voted much attention to the business of fruit-growing,
especially to the culture of the grape ; removed to
Iowa, and was a Circuit Judge for two years ; Judge
of a County Court for three years ; settled in Mis-
souri, and was elected, for two years, to the Legisla-
ture of that State, and in 1866 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from Missouri to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and Roads
and Canals.
Newcomb, Sitnon, — He was born in the town
of Wallace, Nova Scotia in 1835 ; received his early
education from his father, who taught a District
school ; studied Algebra, Geometry, and Latin, while
working on a farm ; when eighteen years of age re-
moved to Maryland with his father, and taught
school himself for three years. Having made the
acquaintance of Professor Joseph Henry, by corres-
pondence on scientific subjects, he was recommended
for employment as Computer on the Nautical
Almanac at Cambridge ; in 1858 he received from
Harvard University the degree of Bachelor of
Science ; in 1861 he was appointed a Professor in the
Navy, and assigned to the National Observatory ;
where he has ever since been engaged in Astronomi-
cal observations, and acquired a wide reputation
throughout the world, by the publication of various
investigations of great importance. The Great Tele-
310
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS
scope noTV at the Observatory was tlie fruit of a sug-
gestion whicli lie made. In 1869 lie was elected a
member of the National Academy of Sciences, in 1872,
an Associate of tlie Eoyal Astronomical Society, and
in 1874 corresponding member of the Institute of
France, In the latter year he received a gold medal
for Astronomical labors from the Royal Astronomi-
cal Society, and in 1875 was selected by the Univer-
sity of Leyden, at the celebration of the three hun-
dredth anniversary, to receive the honorary degree of
Doctor of Mathematics and Physics.
Newell f William A, — He was born in Ohio ;
graduated at Rutgers College ; was educated for the
medical profession ; and, on taking up his residence
in New Jersey, was elected a Representative in Con-
gress from 1847 to 1851, serving on the Committees
on Revolutionary Claims and Roads and Canals. In
1856 was elected Governor of New Jersey for the
term ending in 1860, and was a Delegate to the " Bal-
timore Convention" of 1864. Re-elected to the
Thirty -ninth Congress in 1864, serving on the Com-
mittees on Revolutionary Claims, Foreign Affairs,
and War Debts of the Loyal States. He was also a
Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Conven-
tion " of 1866.
Wewhardf JPeter, — He was born in Pennsylva-
nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1839 to 1843.
yeivman, Alexander, — He was born in Or-
ange County, Virginia, in 1806 ; in 1836 he was
elected to the State Legislature, where he served
several years, and was also elected to the State Sen-
ate ; from 1845 to 1849 he was Postmaster of Wheel-
ing ; and was elected a Representative from Virginia,
to the Thirty-first Congress, but died before taking
his seat, of cholera, while on a visit to Pittsburg,
Pennsylvania, in July, 1849.
Newman, Daniel. — Born in North Carolina ;
was appointed Lieutenant of the Fourth United
States Infantry, March, 1799 ; resigned, January 1,
1802 ; was Adjutant and Inspector- General of Geor-
gia ; Colonel commanding Georgia Volunteers in two
actions with East Florida Indians, in 1812 ; distin-
guished himself in an attack on Creek Indians in Au-
tossee towns under General Floyd in 1813 ; Lieutenant
Colonel commanding Georgia Volunteers, December,
1813 ; severely wounded at Camp Defiance, January,
1814 ; was a Representative in Congress from Georgia
from 1831 to 1833. He Died in Walker County,
Georgia, in 1851.
New sham, tToseph P, — Born in Monroe
County, Illinois, in 1839 ; received an academic edu-
cation ; was a merchant's clerk for two years ; stu-
died law, and came to the bar in Missouri in 1860 ;
served as a Lieutenant and Adjutant in the volun-
teer army, and was Avounded at the battle of Chicka-
saw Bayou ; on being discharged from military ser-
vice, he removed to Louisiana, and was made Clerk
of a Court in the Parish of Ascension ; was a Dele-
gate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1867 ;
and was elected a Representative from Louisiana to
the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on
the Post-Office Department.
Newton, Eben. — Born in Goshen, Litchfield
County, Connecticut, October 16, 1795 ; his early edu-
cation was limited, having been obtained while work-
ing on a farm : his first earnings off the farm were
obtained from teaching school in the winter ; in 1814
he emigrated to Portage County, Ohio, and turned
his attention to farming exclusively ; he studied law,
and in 1823 was admitted to the bar, and became the
partner of Elisha Whittlesey, at Canfield, Ohio. In
1842 he was elected a member of the Ohio Senate ;
was soon afterwards elected President Judge of the
Third Circuit ; and was elected a Representative in
Congress for the term from 1851 to 1853, but before
taking his seat visited Europe. In 1856 he was
elected President of the Ashtabula and New Lisbon
Railroad Company, in which position he remained
until 1859, when he declined a re-election. He has
of late years devoted himself to the pursuits of agri-
culture, in which he is eminently successful.
Newton, Isaac. — He was born in Burlington
County, New Jersey, in 1800 ; shortly after he be-
came of age, he settled on a farm in Delaware County,
Pennsylvania, and soon took rank among the best
farmers in the State ; was one of the first and most
active members of the State Agricultural Society ;
was for years persistent in urging upon Congress the
policy of establishing the Department of Agriculture ;
was appointed its first Commissioner, after organiza-
tion, and he died in Washington, June 19, 1867.
Neivfon,, Hoger. — He was a Colonel, and dis-
tinguished himself as such, in 1709 and 1711 ; he
was for many years a member of the Council, and
thirty-three years a Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas. Died at Milford, Connecticut, in 1771, aged
eighty-six years.
Newton, Thomas. — Born in Norfolk, Virginia,
in 1769 ; was a Representative in Congress from Vir-
ginia from 1801 to 1829, and again from 1831 to 1833.
He served for many years as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Commerce and Manufactures. He died in
Norfolk, Virginia, August 5, 1847.
Newton, Thomas IF. — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Arkansas from February to
March, 1847.
Newton, Willouf/hbij. — He was born in Vir-
ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1843 to 1845.
Niblack, William E. — Bom in Dubois County,
Indiana, May 19, 1822. He studied law, and was ad-
mitted to practice in 1843 ; during that year he was
appointed County Surveyor ; in 1849 he was elected
to the State Legislature, where he served until 1852 ;
in 1854 he was appointed a Circuit Judge, and subse-
quently elected for six years. He was elected a Rep-
resentative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from Indiana,
serving on the Committee on Mileage, and re-elected
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Patents. He was also a Delegate to the " Chi-
cago Convention" of 1864, and to the "New York
Convention " of 1868 ; was re-elected to the Thirty-
ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims.
Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Ways and Means ; also, re-elected to
the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Con-
gresses. He was, from 1864 to 1872, a member of the
" National Democratic Committee " for Indiana.
Niblack^ Silas N. — He was elected a Represent-
ative from Florida to the Forty-second Congress, hav-
ing successfully contested the seat claimed by Josiah
T. Walls.
Nicholas, George. — Born in Hanover, Virginia ;
graduated at William and Mary College in 1772 ; was
distinguished during the Revolution in the field, and
in the Council ; was Major of Second Virginia Regi-
ment in 1777, and, afterwards. Colonel ; was a lead-
ing member of the Convention which ratified the
Federal Constitution ; a prominent member of the
House of Delegates in Virginia. He removed to
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
311
Kentucky in 1790 ; and was a member of the Conven-
tion for framing a State Constitution, and was the
author of that instrument. He was the first Attorney-
General of the State. Died in Kentucky in 1799.
Nicholas, John, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1801. He sub-
sequently removed to Geneva, Ontario County, New
York, whence he was elected to the State Senate
from 1806 to 1809. Died May 27, 1821.
Nicholas, Hobci't Carter, — Born in Virginia
in 1715 ; graduated at William and Mary College.
He represented James City in the House of Burgesses
of Virginia while very young, and continued in that
position until the House of Delegates was organized
in 1777, and was a member of that body till 1779, when
he was appointed a Judge of the High Court of
Chancery, and consequently of the Court of Appeals.
He was opposed to the Stamp Act resolutions of
Patrick Henry ; was Treasurer of the Colony from
1766 to 1777 ; in 1773 was a member of the Committee
of Correspondence ; and also was a member of all the
important Conventions, and President pro tern, of that
of July, 1775 ; he was a good lawyer and financier.
Died at Hanover, Virginia, in 1780.
Nicholas, Mohert Carter, — He was born in
Virginia ; was appointed Captain o;f 20th Infantry in
1812 ; Major of the 12th Infantry in 1813 ; Lieuten-
ant-Colonel in 1814 ; was Charge d' Affaires to Naples ;
and subsequently Secretary of State of Louisiana ;
and in 1851 became State Superintendent of Public
Instruction. He died at Terrebonne, Louisiana, De-
cember 24, 1857.
Nicholas, Samuel S, — He commenced active
life as a merchant's clerk in Baltimore, Maryland ;
went as a Supercargo to China and Peru ; afterwards
settled in New Orleans as a merchant ; from that city
he went to Kentucky ; studied law, and resided in
Louisville, where he rose to high position, and in
1831 was made Judge of the Court of Appeals. He
subsequently served in the State Legislature ; assisted
in preparing a Revised Code of Kentucky, and was
the author of several essays on Constitutional Law.
Died in Louisville, November, 27, 1869.
Nicholas, Wilson C, — A Governor of Virginia,
an officer in the war of the Revolution, and a member
of the Convention which ratified the Constitution of
the United States. He was a distinguished meml?er
of the National House of Representatives from 1807
to 1809, and of the Senate of the United States from
1799 to 1804, and ably supported the measures of
President Jefferson's Administration. In 1804 he re-
signed his seat in the Senate, and accepted the office
of Collector of the ports of Norfolk and Portsmouth.
He was afterwards a member of the House, but he
resigned his seat in 1809. In 1814 he was Governor,
and remained in office until 1817. He' died at Milton,
October 10, 1820.
Nichols, 3Iatthias H, — Born in Salem County,
New Jersey, October 3, 1824. His education was ac-
quired in a printing-ofiice, and by the aid of friends
who instructed him after the ordinary hours of labor.
He studied law, and in- 1849 he was licensed to prac-
tice in Auglaize County, Ohio. He was Prosecuting
Attorney for Allen County ; resigned the ofl[ice in 1852
to become a candidate for Congress, and was elected
a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-third,
Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a
member of the Joint Committee on Printing.
Nicholson, Alfred O, JP, — He was born in
Williamson County, Tennessee, August 31, 1808 ;
graduated at Chapel Hill University, North Carolina,
in 1827 ; settled in Tennessee as a lawyer ; was a
member of the State Legislature from 1833 to 1839 ;
was a Senator in Congress from that State from 1840
to 1842 ; was a member of the State Senate from
1843 to 1845 ; was Chancellor of the middle division
of the State in 1845 ; was President of the Bank of
Tennessee in 1846 and 1847 ; was elected Printer of
the House of Representatives by the Thirty-third Con-
gress, and Printer of the Senate by the Thirty-fourth
Congress ; and from 1853 to 1856 he was editor of the
Washington Daily Union. He was elected a Senator
in Congress from Tennessee for the term commencing
in 1859 and ending in 1865, but was expelled July 11,
1861. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Na-
tional Union Convention " of 1866.
Nicholson, John, — He was a member for several
years of the New York Assembly, and a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State from 1809 to 1811.
Died January, 1820, aged fifty-five years.
Nicholson, John A, — He was born in Laurel,
Sussex County, Delaware, November 17, 1827 ; was
educated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania ; settled
at Dover, Delaware, in 1847 ; studied law, and came
to the bar in 1850 ; subsequently retired to private
life, and was elected a Representative from Delaware
to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Public Expenditures, and the Special Commit-
tee on the Death of President Lincoln. Re-elected to
the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Appropriations.
Nicholson, Joseph Uojiper, — A native of
Maryland ; received a good education, and was a
lawyer by profession. In 1805 he was appointed
Chief Judge of the Sixth Judicial District, and was
also a Judge of the Court of Appeals of Maryland.
From 1799 to 1806 he was a Representative in Con-
gress, and died March 4, 1817, aged forty-seven years.
Nicoll, Henry, — Born in the City of New York,
October 23, 1812 ; graduated at Columbia College in
1830 ; studied law, and has practiced with success ;
was a member of the New York "Constitutional
Convention " in 1846 ; and a Representative in Con-
gress from New York from 1847 to 1849.
Nicoll, John C, — He was a native of Georgia ;
a man of education and culture, and a resident of
Savannah ; and in 1839 he was appointed United
States Judge for the District of Georgia.
Nicollet, Jean Nicholas, — Was bom in Sa-
voy about the year 1786 ; was Secretary and Libra-
rian of the Observatory at Paris in 1817 ; came to the
United States in 1831 ; explored the Southern States,
especially the Great Basin, embraced by the sources
of the Red, Arkansas, and Missouri rivers ; in 1836
he extended his explorations to the sources of the
Mississippi ; he collected details of the history and
dialects of the Indians, and the product and natural
history of the country ; was engaged by the War
Department, and instructed by Mr. Poinsett to re-
visit the far west and prepare a report and map for
the Government, and Fremont accompanied him as
assistant. In 1841 he presented to the Association of
American Geologists at Philadelphia a communica-
tion upon the Geology of the Upper Mississippi, and
the cretaceous formation of the Upper Missouri. He
died in Washington, September 11, 1843.
Niles, Jason, — He was elected to the Forty-
third Congress from Mississippi, serving on the Com-
mittee on Banking and Currency.
Niles, John M,—Re was born in Windsor, Con-
necticut, in 1787, and was bred to the bar, and went
11-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
to Hartford in 1816 to practice law. In 1817 he was
there, concerned in publishing- the Times, which he
edited for a time. In 1820 he was a Commissioned
Judge of the County Court. He was appointed Post-
master at Hartford by President Jackson, and held
the office until made a Senator in Congress in 1835, in
which position he remained until 1839. In 1840 he
was appointed Postmaster-General by President Van
Buren. In 1842 he was again elected to the United
States Senate, served six years, retired to private
life, and died May 31, 1853. He was fond of liter-
ary pursuits, and his contributions to the periodical
press were abundant. He edited a *' Gazetteer " of
Connecticut and Rhode Island, and wrote a ' ' History
of South America." In his will he gave twenty
thousand dollars for the benefit of the poor of Hart-
ford, and bequeathed his library to the Historical
Society of Connecticut.
yUeSf Nathaniel. — He was born in South
Princeton, Rhode Island, in 1741 ; graduated at
Princeton College in 1766 ; was a student of law, med-
icine, and theology ; was the inventor of making
wire from bar iron, by water power, and erected at
Norwich, Connecticut, a woolen-card manufactory ;
he was a member of the Vermont Legislature, and
Speaker of the House ; a Judge of the Supreme
Court of that State ; was six times a Presidential
Elector ; and a Representative in Congress from Ver-
mont from 1791 to 1795. He wrote poetry and many
sermons, and preached in his own house twelve
years. He died at West Fairlee, Vermont, in No-
vember, 1828.
Nishetf Eugenius, — He was born in Georgia in
1803 ; received an English and legal education ; was
for several years a Judge of the Supreme Court of
the State ; a Representative in Congress from 1839
to 1841 ; took an active part in the Rebellion of 1861,
became a member of the Confederate Congress ; and
died at Macon, March 18, 1871.
Nishetf E. JL. — He was born in Georgia, and was
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1839 to 1842. Took part in the Rebellion.
Niven, Ai'cJiibald C. — He was born in New
York ; and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1845 to 1847 ; and a member of the
State Legislature in 1864.
NiocoUf John T. — Born in Cumberland County,
New Jersey, in 1820 : graduated at Princeton College
in 1841 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1845 ;
served in the New Jersey Legislature from 1848 to
1850, during the last year as Speaker ; and was elect-
ed a Representative from New Jersey to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee
on Commerce. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce.
He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists'
Convention" of 1866. In 1870 he was appointed
United States Judge for the District of New Jersey.
NohlCf David A. — He was born in Massachu-
setts ; liberally educated ; adopted the profession of
law ; and on removing to Michigan, was elected a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1853
to 1855.
Nohle, James. — He was a Senator in Congress
from Indiana from 1816 to 1831, having died in
Washington, February 26, of the latter year. He
was a native of Battletown, Clark County, Virginia,
but removed when a youth to Kentucky, and subse-
quently to Indiana, He was a self-educated man,
and very influential in his adopted State.
WoblCf Noah, — Born in Virginia, January 15,
1794 ; was Governor of Indiana from 1831 to 1837.
Died in Indianapolis, February, 1844.
Noble, Eatrick, — Born in Abbeville District,
South Carolina in 1787 ; graduated at New Jersey
College in 1806 ; was a lawyer, and partner of J. C.
Calhoun ; and a State Representative in 1812 ; was
Speaker from 1818 to 1824 ; and again from 1832 ;
in 1836 was President of the State Senate ; and Gov-
ernor from 1838 to 1840. He died at Abbeville in
1840.
Noble, Warren E, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, June 14, 1821 ; received a good English educa-
tion in the State of Ohio ; studied law, and has
practiced ever since his admission to the bar ; was
elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1856, serving two
terms, and in 1860 was elected a Representative from
Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the
Committee on Patents ; re-elected to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving on the same Committee.
Noble, William EC, — He was born in New
York ; served three years in the Assembly of that
State from Cayuga County ; and was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839. Died
at Rochester, February 5, 1850, aged sixty-two years.
Noell, John W. — Born in Bradford County,
Virginia, February 15, 1816 ; emigrated to Missouri
with his parents in 1832 ; received a liberal education;
adopted the profession of law ; from 1841 to 1850 he
was Clerk of the Circuit Court of Perry County,
Missouri ; Served four years in the State Senate of
Missouri ; and in 1858 he was elected a Representa-
tive from Missouri to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committee on Expenses
of the Public Buildings. Re-elected to the Thirty-
seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Com-'
mittee on Claims. He was also re-elected to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, but died in Washington,
March 14, 1863.
Noell, Thomas E, — He was born in Perryville,
Missouri, April 3, 1839 ; received a good English edu-
cation ; when nineteen years of age he was admitted
to the bar, and practiced law until 1861, when he was
appointed a Military Commissioner for arrest of dis-
loyal persons ; subsequently went into the ranks of
the State Militia, and obtained the rank of Major,
which he held until 1862 ; in that year he was ap-
pointed a Captain in the Nineteenth Regiment of
Regular United States Infantry ; and he was subse-
quently elected a Representative from Missouri to
the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees
on Private Land Claims, the Militia, and Mines and
Mining. He was a Delegate to the " National Union
Convention" held in Philadelphia in 1866, and re-
elected to the Fortieth Congress, but died at St.
Louis, October 3, 1867.
Noggle, Eavid, — He was born in Franklin
County, Pennsylvania, October 30, 1809 ; received a
common-school education, and even that with great
difiiculty ; removed with his father to Ohio in 1820 ;
in 1836 he removed to Illinois, where he studied law
and was admitted to the bar ; in 1840 he removed to
Beloit, Wisconsin, and in 1845 was made Postmaster
of that place, but resigned in 1848 ; was a member of
the Constitutional Convention of 1846 ; and of the
Wisconsin Legislature in 1855 and 1857 ; was a Cir-
cuit Judge of the State from 1858 to 1866 ; and in
1869 he was appointed Chief Justice of the Superior
Court of Idaho ; re-appointed in 1873, and on account
of failing health resigned the position in 1875, and
removed to San Francisco, California.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
313
NorriSf Senjamin TV, — He was born in Ken-
nebeck County, Maine, in 1819 ; when a boy worked
on a farm ; graduated at Waterville College in 1843 ;
read law, but instead of practicing the profes-
sion, was engaged in teaching for several years ; was
for several years a Land Agent for his State ; was a
Delegate to the National Baltimore Convention of
1864 ; was a Commissioner for the Soldiers' National
Cemetery at Gettysburg from 1863 to 1865 ; was ap-
pointed a Paymaster in the Army in 1864, and on
being mustered out in 1865, purchased a plantation
and settled in Alabama ; was a member of the State
Constitutional Convention of 1868 ; and was elected
a Representative from Alabama to the Fortieth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Reconstruction.
Died in Montgomery, January 27, 1873.
JS'orriSf Isaac^ — He was Chief Justice of Penn-
sylvania. In religion a Quaker. Died at German-
town, Pennsylvania, June 3, 1735.
N orris f Moses. — Born in Pittsfield, New Hamp-
shire, in 1799 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in
1828 ; studied law, and des'-oted himself successfully
to the practice ; in 1839 he was elected to the State
Legislature, and in 1840 was elected Speaker of the
House ; in 1841 he was elected a member of the State
Council ; and in 1843 he was elected a Representative
in Congress, where he continued four years. In
1847 he was again a member of the Legislature, and
Speaker ; and while serving in that capacity, he was
elected a Senator in Congress, serving from 1849 to
1855 ; and he died at Washington, January 11, 1855.
Worth, John W, — He was an early emigrant to
the Territory of Nevada, and was appointed an As-
sociate Justice of the United States Court for the
District of Nevada, residing at Carson City.
NorfJif Williain, — He was Aid to Baron Steu-
ben in the Revolutionary War, and afterwards ap-
pointed Adjutant-General. He was Senator in Con-
gress, by appointment, from New York in 1798, in
the place of J. S. Hobart, resigned. Died at New
York, January 4, 1836, aged eighty-three years ; and
was buried at Duanesburg.
Norton^ Daniel S. — Born in Mount Vernon,
Knox County, Ohio, April 12, 1829 ; was educated at
Kenyon College ; served one year in the war with
Mexico in the Second Ohio Regiment ; commenced
the study of law in 1848 at Mount Vernon ; and in
1850 went across the plains to California, spending a
part of that and the following year in Nicaragua.
Returning to Ohio, he renewed the study of law, and
came to the bar in 1852 ; practiced his profession in
that State until 1855, when he removed to Minnesota ;
in 1857 he was elected to the State Senate, declining
re-election in 1859, but was re-elected in 1860, and
also in 1863 and 1864, having been a member of the
State House of Representatives in 1862. In 1865 he
took his seat as a Senator in Congress from Minnesota
for the term ending in 1871, serving on the Commit-
tees on Indian Affairs, Engrossed Bills, Claims, Ter-
ritories, and Patents and the Patent Office. He was
also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union
Convention " of 1866. Died in Washington City, July
1, 1870.
Norton, Ebenezer F, — He was born in New
York ; served in the State Assembly from Erie Coun-
ty in 1823 ; and was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1829 to 1831.
Norton f Elijah H, — Was born in Logan Coun-
ty, Kentucky, November 24, 1821 ; received a liberal
classical education, graduating at the Transylvania
Law School in 1841 ; removed to Missouri in 1845 ;
practiced law until 1852, when he was chosen a
Judge of the Circuit Court of Missouri ; re-elected to
the same position in 1857 ; and after resigning the
Judgeship in 1860, he was elected a Representative
from Missouri to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv-
ing on the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-
Roads.
Norton^ Jesse O. — Was born in Vermont ; grad-
uated at Williams College, Massachusetts ; emigrat-
ed to Illinois in 1839 ; studied law, and came to the
bar of Illinois in 1840 ; was a member in 1847 of the
" State Constitutional Convention ; " was a member
of the State Legislature in 1851 and 1852 ; Avas elect-
ed a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-third
and Thirty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Com-
mittees on Post-Offices and Post-Roads ; in 1857 was
elected Judge of the Eleventh Judicial District of
Illinois, holding the office until 1862 ; and in 1863
was re-elected a Representative to Congress, serving
on the Committees on Post-Offices and Post-Roads,
and Revolutionary Pensions. He was a Delegate to
the Philadelphia ''National Union Convention" of
1866.
Norton f Nelson J, — Born in Cattaraugus Coun-
ty, New York, March 30, 1820 ; received a common-
school education. In early life he was engaged in
farming ; subsequently devoted himself to mercantile
business ; returned to farming ; was appointed a
Justice of the Peace ; was six years a County Asses-
sor ; five years a County Supervisor ; was elected to
the State Legislature in 1861 ; a Presidential Elector
in 1872, and in 1875 he was elected a Representative
from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress to fill
the vacancy caused by the death of Augustus F.
Allen, regularly elected the preceding year.
Norvellj John, — He was bred a printer ; was
for a time the editor of a newspaper in Philadelphia ;
was appointed by President Jackson Postmaster of
Detroit, in Michigan ; and having become identified
with the Territory of Michigan, became one of the
Senators in Congress from the new State, having
served in that capacity from 1835 to 1841. He died
of apoplexy, in April, 1850. It is worthy of notice
that this worthy man left seven sons, six of whom
served their country with credit as soldiers during
the Rebellion.
Norwood, Thomas Manson, — He was born
in Talbot County, Georgia, April 26, 1830 ; received
an academic education in Munroe County ; graduated
at Emory College in 1850 ; studied law, and admitted
to the bar in 1852 ; removed to Savannah in 1852 ;
was a member of the Georgia Legislature in 1861 and
1862 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1868 ; and elected
to the United States Senate in 1871 for the term end-
ing in 1877, serving on the Committees on Pensions,
Transportation, Land Claims, and Revolutionary
Claims.
Nortvood, William, — Born in Orange County,
North Carolina, in 1767 ; in 1806 and 1807 he was a
member of the State Legislature ; from 1820 to 1836
he was a Judge of the Superior Court of North Caro-
lina, and died in 1840.
Nottf Abraham. — Born at Saybrook, Connec-
ticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1787 ; studied for
the ministry, but did not take orders ; in 1788 he
taught in Georgia a year ; studied law in Camden,
South Carolina ; was admitted to the bar in 1791 ; in
1794 settled on the Pacolet River, and continued the
practice of his profession. He was a Representative
in Congress from 1799 to 1801, when he Avas elected a
Judge of the Court of Appeals, and Judge of the
314
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Superior Court. Died at Fairfield, South Carolina,
June 19, 1830.
Kott, Charles Cooper. — He was born at Union
College, Schenectady, New York, September 16.
1827 ; studied law, and on his admission to the bar,
settled in the City of New York, where he practiced
from 1850 to 1861 ; served as a Captain of Cavalry
and also Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel of New York
Volunteers during the Rebellion ; was made a pris-
oner in 1833, and so confined for more than one year ;
and in 1865 he was appointed by President Lincoln
one of the Judges of the Court of Claims in Wash-
ington.
Noftf Edward, — Born in 1657 ; was Governor
of Virginia from 1705 till his death, which occurred
August 23, 1706, at Williamsburg, Virginia.
Nourse, ^nios, — He graduated at Harvard in
1812 ; studied medicine ; was a Medical Lecturer at
Bowdoin College from 1846 to 1854, and Medical
Professor since 1854. He was also Postmaster at
Hallowell, Maine, and Collector of Customs at Bath,
and a Senator in Congress from Maine from January
to March, in 1857.
Noiirse, Joseph. — Born in London in 1754 ; emi-
grated with his family to Virginia in 1769 ; entered
the Revolutionary army in 1776, as Secretary to Gen-
eral Charles Lee ; was Clerk and Auditor of the
Board of War from 1777 until appointed Assistant
Auditor-General in 1781 ; was Register of the United
States Treasury from 1789 to 1829 ; and was a Vice-
President of the American Bible Society. He died
near Georgetown, District of Columbia, September 1,
1841.
^onrsey J . E. — Born in Washington City, Dis-
trict of Columbia, April 17, 1819 ; graduated at Jef-
ferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1837 ; apj^ointed
Professor of Ethics and English studies at the United
States Naval Academy in 1850 ; was temporary chap-
lain at the Academy from September 1850 to February
1851 ; in 1865 he was detached from the Academy
and ordered to the Naval Observatory ; from 1863 to
1865 he acted as chaplain at Fort Adams ; and from
May to September, 1875, he was in Europe on special
duty, after which he resumed his regular duties as a
Professor in the Naval Observatory.
JVoijes, Edward F. — He was Governor of Ohio
from 1872 to 1874
NoijeSf John. — He was a graduate of Dartmouth
College in 1795 ; was subsequently a tutor in that
institution ; and was elected a Representative in
Congress from Vermont from 1815 to 1817. He died
in 1841, aged seventy-eight years.
Noijes, Joseph C. — He was born in Portland in
1798 ; and was a Representativ^e in Congress from
Maine from 1837 to 1839, serving as a member of the
Committee on Agriculture. He was a merchant by
occupation ; a member of the State Legislature in
1833 ; and Collector of the Passamaquoddy District
from 1841 to 1843 ; and was subsequently Treasurer
of the Portland Savings Bank. Died in Portland,
July 21, 1868.
Nucholls, Stephen F, — Born in Grayson
County, Virginia, August 16, 1825 ; received an
academic education ; removed to Missouri in 1846
and engaged in mercantile pursuits ; in 1854 removed
to Nebraska Territory, was one of the founders of
Nebraska City, and was a member of the Legislature
in 1859 : in 1860 went to Colorado Territory, and
engaged in mining ; from 1864 to 1867 resided in New
York City. Settled in Cheyenne, Dakota Territory,
in 1867, and upon the organization of Wyoming Ter-
ritory, in 1869, was elected the Delegate to the Forty-
first Congress.
JS'uckollSf William C. — He was born in South
Carolina ; graduated at the University of that State
in 1820 ; adopted the profession of law ; and was a
Representative in Congress from South Carolina from
1827 to 1833.
N'ufjefi^ Hohert H. — He was born in Washing-
ton County, Pennsylvania, in 1809 ; with his parents
removed to Columbiana County, Ohio, in 1811 ; set-
tled in Tuscarawas County in 1828 ; and in 1860 was
elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-
seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on
Roads and Canals. Declined a re-election.
Kunn^ David A. — Born in Haywood County,
Tennessee, July 26, 1832 ; educated at the College of
West Tennessee ; studied and practiced law ; was
elected in 1863 to the State Senate ; in 1865 to the
State House of Representatives ; and elected a Rep-
resentative from Tennessee to the Fortieth and Forty-
third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revo-
lutionary Claims, Invalid Pensions, and Freedmen's
Affairs.
N^ye^ James W. — He was born in Madison
County, New York, June 10, 1815 ; adopted the pro-
fession of law ; in 1861 was appointed by President
Lincoln Governor of Nevada Territory, in which
position he continued until the adoption of the State
Constitution, when he was chosen a Senator in Con-
gress from the new State -for the term commencing in
1865, and ending in 1867, serving on the Committees
on Naval Affairs, and Territories, and as Chairman of
that on Enrolled Bills. He was also a member of the
National Committee appointed to accompany the
remains of President Lincoln to Illinois, and in
January, 1867, he was re-elected to the Senate for the
term ending in 1873, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Revolutionary Claims.
Oahley^ Thomas Jackson, — Born in Dutchess
County, New York, in 1783 ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1801 ; studied law, and entered on the prac-
tice at Poughkeepsie, New York. In 1810 he was ap-
pointed Surrogate of Dutchess County, and in 1813
was elected a Representative in Congress where he
continued until 1815, when he resumed his profes-
sion, and was elected a member of the Assembly. He
was appointed Attorney-General of the State of New
York in 1819 ; in 1820 again served in the Assembly,
and in 1827 he was again elected to Congress. In
1828, when the Superior Court of New York City was
organized, he was appointed one of its Judges ; and
on the reorganization of the Court, under the Consti-
tution of 1846, he was elected the Chief Justice, and
continued in that position until his death, which oc-
curred in New York City, May 11, 1857. The duties
of the various stations to which he was called he dis-
charged with fidelity and marked ability.
O'Sannon, A, J, — He was born in Virginia,;
was a Clerk in the Treasury Department ; and in 1859
he was appointed Fourth Auditor of the Treasury,
remaining in office until 1860.
O'Hrienf Jeremiah, — Born at Machias, Maine,
in 1768, and died at Boston, May 30, 1858. He was a
Representative in Congress from Maine from 1823 to
1831. Early in life, and after the separation of Maine
from Massachusetts, he was for six years in the Leg-
lature of that State. His educational advantages
were limited, but he was a man of sound sense and
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
315
colid judgment,
chant.
He was both a farmer and a mer-
O^JSrien, William J, — Was born in Baltimore,
Maryland, May 28, 1836 ; educated at St. Mary's Col-
lege ; studied law and admitted to the bar in 1858 ;
and elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Con-
gresses, serving on the Committee on Pensions.
O'^ Conor ^ Charles, — He was born in New
York City in 1804, his father having emigrated from
Ireland ; received a good English education ; studied
law and came to the bar in 1824. The only office he
ever held under the Government was that of District-
Attorney for the District of New York ; and in 1864
he was a member of " New York Constitutional Con-
vention." As a lawyer he long held a very high posi-
tion in his native city, and the important law-suits
in which he was retained were numerous, beginning
as far back as 1835.
Odellf Moses JF,— Bom in Tarrytown, Westches-
ter County, New York, Febuary 24, 1818 ; received a
common-school education ; from a Clerk he rose to
the position of Assistant Collector of New York City,
under President Polk ; under President Buchanan he
held the post of Public Appraiser, and he was elected
a Representative from New York to the Thirty-sev-
enth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee
on the Treasury Department, and a member of that
on Indian Affairs ; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Af-
fairs. In 1865 he was appointed by President John-
son Navy Agent for the port of New York, but died
in that city, June 13, 1866. He was a man of rare
business habits, and universally respected. His dis-
ease was cancer in the mouth.
Odellf N, Holmes, — Born near Tarrytown, New
York, October 10, 1828 ; graduated at the Paulding
Institute, Tarrytown ; spent four years in the steam-
boat business between Albany and New York ; was a
member of the Assembly during two successive ses-
sions, closing in 1861 ; was founder of the First Na-
tional Bank at Tarrytown, and was its first cashier,
which office he resigned in 1864 ; was elected County
Treasurer in 1866, and re-elected in 1869 and 1872 ;
and was elected in 1874 Representative of New York
to the Forty-fourth Congress.
O/flei/f David, — He was born in Philadelphia,
of Quaker parentage ; served with General Harmer
in the war of 1812 ; went to Smyrna, Asia Minor, as a
supercargo, and there entered actively into mercan-
tile business in 1815 ; in his capacity as a merchant
he was the first man who caused the American flag to
be respected at Smyrna, which he accomplished by an
informal treaty with the Porte ; in 1830, while hold-
ing the position of Consul at Smyrna, he was appoint-
ed, with Commodore James Biddle and Charles Rhind
of Pennsylvania to negotiate a treaty of Commerce
with Turkey. He died while holding the position of
Consul at Smyrna, and the same office was afterwards
held by two of his sons, and two of his grandsons
are well-know as bankers in the City of Washington
— John R. and Holmes E., the latter of whom was
for many years Chief Clerk of the Navy Depart-
ment.
Of/den^ Aaron, — He was born in Elizabeth-
town, New Jersey, December 3, 1756 ; graduated at
Nassau Hall in 1773 ; taught school for a time ;
served as an officer in the army, during the whole
Revolutionary war ; had a horse shot from under him
at the battle of Springfield, New Jersey ; participated
in the Sullivan campaign aginst the Indians ; and for
his services at Yorktown was complimented by
Washington ; after the war he pursued the legal pro-
fession with distinction ; was a Presidential Elector
in 1800 ; was a Senator in Congress, from 1801 to
1803 ; was Governor of New Jersey in 1812 ; and at
the time of his death was President-General of the
Society of Cincinnati. He died at Jersey City, April
19, 1839. During the war of 1812, President Madison
offered him a commission as Major-General in the
Army of the United States, which honor he declined,
preferring to continue, as he had been, Commander-
in-Chief of the Militia of his own State.
Ogden, David A, — He was born in Morristown,
New Jersey ; studied law, and took up his residence
in St. Lawrence County, New York, in 1812 ; was a
member of the Assembly in 1814 and 1815 ; and a
Representative in Congress from New York from 1817
to 1819. He died at Montreal, Canada, June 9, 1829.
OgdeUf Hohert, — He v/as a Delegate from New
Jersey to the Colonial Congress, which met in New
York in 1765.
Ogier, Isaac S, K, — He was born in South Car-
olina ; an early emigrant to California, and resided at
Los Angeles ; and in 1858 he was appointed Judge of
the United States Court for the Southern District of
California.
Ogle^ Aledcander, — Was born in Maryland
about the year 1765 ; removed at an early age to
Somerset, Pennsylvania ; in 1806 he was elected to
the State Legislature, and frequently re-elected ; and
he was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl-
vania from 1817 to 1819. He subsequently served
several years in both Houses of the State Legislature;
was a General of Militia ; and for nine years Prothon-
otary of his county. Died in Somerset, Pennsylvania,
October 14, 1852.
Ogle, Andretv J, — Born at Somerset, Pennsyl-
vania, in 1822, and was the grandson of Alexander
Ogle. He was considered a precocious politician, and
was Prothonotary of his county when twenty-one
years of age ; and he was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1849 to 1851. Presi-
dent Fillmore appointed him Charge d' Affaires to Den-
mark in 1852, but he died suddenly of apoplexy before
accepting the appointment.
Ogle, JBenjafnin, — Born in Maryland in 1751 ;
was a member of the Council of that State before the
Revolution ; and Governor from 1798 to 1801. He
died in Annapolis, July 6, 1809.
Ogle, Charles, — He was the son of Alexander
Ogle, and was born at Somerset, Pennsylvania, in
1798. He was educated for the bar, and was a suc-
cessful lawyer. He was a Representative in Congress
from Pennsylvania from 1837 to 1841 ; distinguished
himself by a speech against the appropriation for fur-
nishing the Executive Mansion. He was also a Gen-
eral of Militia. Died May 10, 1841, having been
elected to the succeeding Congress.
Ogleshiff RicJuird J, — He was born in Oldliam
County, Kentucky, July 25, 1824 ; settled in Illinois
in 1836 ; received a common-school education ; was a
carpenter for two years ; studied law, and was admit-
ted to the bar in 1845 ; served one year in the Mexi-
can War ; worked two years in the mines of Califor-
nia ; was elected to the State Senate in 1860. and
resigned to enter the volunteer service in 1861 ; at the
commencement of the Rebellion was chosen Colonel,
afterwards appointed Brigadier-General, and in 1863
a Major-General ; resigned in 1864, and elected Gov-
ernor of Illinois ; re-elected Governor in 1872, but in
a few months was elected to the United States Senate
316
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
for tlie term ending- in 1879, serving on the Commit-
tees on Pensions, Public Lands, and Indian Affairs.
Olcott^ Simeon, — He was born in 1737 ; gradu-
ated at Yale College in 1761 ; studied law, and settled
in the practice at Charlestown, New Hampshire ; he
was appointed in 1784 Chief Justice of the Court of
Common Pleas ; in 1790 a Judge of the Superior
Court ; Chief Judge of the same Court in 1795 ; and
was a Senator in Congress from New Hampshire from
1801 to 1805. He died in New Hampshire in 1815.
Oldeiif Charles C* — He was born in Princeton,
New Jersey, in 1797 ; after engaging in mercantile
pursuits in New Orleans and Philadelphia, he re-
turned to his native place in 1825, and devoted him-
self to farming, Between the years 1844 and 1850 he
was twice elected to the State Senate ; and in 1859 he
was elected Governor of the State, after which he re-
tired to private life in his old home near Princeton.
OlffSf Eclson S, — He was born in Vermont ; ed-
ucated for the medical profession ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Ohio from 1849 to 1855,
In 1863 he was for a short time imprisoned in Fort
Lafayette for supposed disloyalty, and while there
confined he was elected a member of the Assembly of
Ohio, having previously served six years in the State
Legislature, and been Speaker of the Senate. Died in
Lancaster, Ohio, January 24, 1869. After the Rebel-
lion he built a church with the understanding that it
" should be free from the heresy of regarding slavery
and rebellion as sins."
Olifif Abraham B, — He was bom in Shafts-
bury, Bennington County, Vermont, in 1812 ; gradu-
ated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1835 ;
commenced the practice of law at Troy, New York, in
1838 ; was for three years Recorder of the City of
Troy ; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-
fifth Congress from New York, serving as a member
of the Committee on Expenditures on the Public
Buildings. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on
Military Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh
Congress also. In 1863 he was appointed by Presi-
dent Lincoln a Judge of the Supreme Court of the
District of Columbia ; and in 1865 the degree of LL.D.
was conferred upon him by Union College. His
father, Gideon Olin, was in Congress from Vermont
during the administration of President Jefferson.
Olin, Gideon, — He was born in Rhode Island,
and removing to Vermont became one of its founders.
He was a member of the State Legislature and Speak-
er of the House ; a Judge of the County Court, and a
Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1807. He
died at Shaftsbury, Vermont, in 1822.
Olin, Henri/, — His boyhood was spent in Addi-
son County, Vermont ; he was elected to the General
Assembly of that State in 1799, and excepting four
years, continued to serve in that capacity until 1825 ;
he was also a member of the " State Constitutional
Convention " of 1814, 1822, and 1828 ; was an Associ-
ate Judge of the Addison County Court from 1801
to 1806 ; Chief Judge of said court in 1807, and from
1810 and 1824 ; and he was chosen a Representative
in Congress to fill a vacancy caused by the death of
Charles Rich in 1824, and served through the term
ending in 1825. He was also at one time Lieutenant-
Governor of the State. He died at Salisbury, Ver-
mont, in 1837, aged seventy years.
Oliphanf, IE, P, — He was a native of Pennsyl-
vania, and was appointed from that State an Associ-
ate Justice of the United States Court for the Terri-
tory of Washington, residing at Whatcom.
Oliver f Addison, — Born in Washington Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, in 1833 ; graduated at Washington
College in 1850 ; spent two years in Arkansas as a
teacher ; returned to Washington in 1853, and studied
law with William Montgomery, M.C. ; was admitted
to practice, and settled in Western Iowa in 1857 ; was
elected to the Iowa House of Representatives in 1863,
and to the Iowa Senate in 1865 ; was elected Judge of
the Fourth Judicial Circuit in 1868, and twice re-
elected to the same office, which he continued to liold
until elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-
fourth Congress.
Oliver, Andreiv, — Born at Springfield, Otsego
County, New York. Soon after his birth, in 1819, his
parents removed to Penn Yan, in Yates County. He
receiv^ed a classical education, and graduated at Union
College in 1835 ; he studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1838, and entered upon a successful prac-
tice. He was appointed to succeed his father as First
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1843, which
position he held until the adoption of the new State
Constitution. In 1846 he was elected Judge of the
Surrogate and County Courts. In 1852 he was elected
a Representative to the Thirty-third Congress, and
was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth. Since that time
he has been devoted to the practice of his profession.
Oliver, 3Iordecai, — Born in Anderson County,
Kentucky, October 22, 1819, and emigrated to Mis-
souri in 1832. He received as good an education as
that country afforded, and entered upon the study of
law at the age of nineteen, and was admitted to the
bar in 1842. He was elected Circuit Attorney for the
Fifth Judicial Circuit of Missouri in 1848 ; and in 1852
was elected a member of the Thirty-third Congress,
and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth. Upon retiring
from Congress, he resumed the duties of his profes-
sion in Richmond, Missouri.
Oliver^ Robert. — Was born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, in 1738 ; removed to Barre while young ;
was a Lieutenant in the army in 1775 ; marched to
Cambridge as Captain of a company ; was Major in
1777; and in 1779 was Lieutenant-Colonel of the Tenth
Massachusetts Continental Regiment ; and in 1782 was
brevetted a colonel; distinguished himself at Saratoga
in storming the German intrenchments ; acted as Ad-
jutant-General of the Northern Army, and excelled as
a disciplinarian. He was among the first settlers of
Marietta, Ohio in 1788 ; a Representative to the Terri-
torial Legislature in 1798 ; Councilor in 1799 ; Presi-
dent of the Council from 1800 to 1803 ; and Judge of
the Court of Common Pleas. Died at Marietta, Ohio,
May, 1810.
Oliver, William 31, — He was a native of
Springfield, Otsego County, New York ; was a lawyer
by profession, and for a long time First Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas. He was a State Senator and
Lieutenant-Governor in 1830, and a Representative
from New York in the Twenty-seventh Congress.
Olney, Cyrus, — He was an early emigrant to the
Territory of Oregon, and in 1853 he was appointed an
Associate Justice of the United States Court for that
District. He was a native of New York.
O^Neal, John Belton, — Born at Bush River,
South Carolina, April 10, 1793 ; graduated at South
Carolina College in 1812 ; taught in an academy at
Newbury ; studied law ; was in military service dur-
ing the war with Great Britain ; admitted to the bar
in 1814 ; a member of the State Legislature in 1816,
1822, 1824, and 1826 ; speaker during the last two
terms ; in 1828 an Associate Judge ; in 1830 Judge of
the Court of Appeals ; in 1850, President . of this
Court and the Court of Errors ; and subsequently
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
317
Cliief Justice of tlie State. In 1841 was President of
+lie State Temperance Society ; and in 1852 the head
of the Sons of Temperance of N. A. He furnished
reminiscences of the Revolution for the Southern Lit-
erary Messenger; published a " Digest of the Negro
Law of South Carolina " in 1848 ; " Annals of New-
berry" in 1858 ; " Biographical sketches of the Bench
and Bar of South Carolina," 2 vols. 1859 ; and several
public addresses. He received the degree of LL.D.
O'Neill, Charles, — Born in Philadelphia, March
21, 1821 ; graduated at Dickinson College in 1840 ;
studied law and came to the bar in 1843 ; in 1850,
1851, and 1852 he was elected to the State Legisla-
ture ; and in 1853 to the State Senate ; re-elected to
the Legislature in 1859 ; and in 1862 elected a Repre-
sentative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce,
Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on
the same committee. Re-elected to the Fortieth, For-
ty-first, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses,
serving again on the same committee and those on
Appropriations and Expenditures in the Post-Office
Department.
O'Neill, John, — Was born in Philadelphia, De-
cember 17, 1821. In 1827 his father settled in Fred-
erick, Maryland, and at St. John's College, in that
place, he received his education ; studied law and
came to the bar of Maryland in 1842 ; in 1844 he re-
moved to Ohio, and there practiced his profession in
the Supreme Court ; in 1855 he was elected a Prose-
cuting Attorney for Muskingum County ; and in 1862
he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Private Land Claims.
Ormshy, Stej)hen, — He was educated for the
bar ; was a Judge of the Circuit Court of Kentucky ;
a Brigade-Major under Harmer in his campaign of
1790 ; a Representative in Congress from 1811 to 1817 ;
lived to an advanced age, and died in Kentucky, at
Louisville, in 1846. He was defeated in 1813, but his
successful competitor, John Simpson, having been
killed at the battle of River Raisin, he was re-elected
before the opening of Congress.
Orr, Alexander D, — Was a native of Virginia,
removed to Kentucky ; in 1834 he settled in Mason
County ; was a member of the State Legislature in
1792 ; and upon the admission of Kentucky into the
Union he was elected a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1792 to 1797. He died in Paris,
Kentucky, June 21, 1835, aged seventy years.
Orr, Benjamin, — Was born in Bedford, New
Hampshire, I)ecember 1, 1772 ; graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1798 ; in his youth he worked at a
trade and taught school ; studied law, and began to
practice at Topsham, Maine, in 1801 ; afterwards re-
moved to Brunswick, where he was eminent in chan-
cery practice ; was a Representative in Congress from
Massachusetts from 1817 to 1819 ; he was the author
of an oration on the death of Washington, in 1800.
He died in Brunswick, September 1, 1828.
Orr^ fTacJcson, — He was born in Fayette County,
Ohio, September 21, 1832 ; received a good education,
and attended an irregular course at the University of
Indiana ; studied law, but devoted himself to mer-
cantile pursuits ; served in the Army as Captain in the
Tenth Iowa Infantry ; was a member of the Legisla-
ture of Iowa in 1868 ; and elected to the Forty-second
and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee
on Public Lands.
Orr, flames L, — He was born at Craytonville,
South Carolina, May 12, 1822 ; received his education
chiefly in the University of Virginia ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1843. In 1844 he was
elected to the State Legislature ; re-elected in 1845 ;
and in 1848 he was elected a Representative in Con-
gress from South Carolina, to which position he was
subsequently re-elected. During the Thirty-second
Congress he was frequently Chairman of the Commit-
tee of the Whole on the State of the Union, and dur-
ing the next Congress was Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Indian Affairs ; and on the assembling of the
Thirty-fifth Congress he was elected Speaker. In
December, 1860, he was appointed one of the Commis-
sioners to visit Washington in behalf of South Caro-
lina. In 1865 he was elected Governor of South
Carolina. He was subsequently appointed Minister
to Russia, and died at St. Petersburg, May 5, 1873.
Orr, JRohert, — He was born in Westmoreland
County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1829.
OrtJi, Godlore S. — Born near Lebanon, Pennsyl-
vania, April 22, 1817 ; was educated chiefly at the
Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg ; studied law, and
came to the bar in 1839, locating in Indiana. In 1843
and 1846 he was elected to the State Senate, serving
six years in all, and one year as President of that
body ; was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; was a mem-
ber of the " Peace Congress " of 1861 ; and in 1862 he
was elected a Representative from Indiana to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Foreign Affairs. In 1862, when a call was made for
men to defend Indiana from threatened incursions, he
organized a company in two hours, was elected Cap-
tain and placed in command of the United States Ram
Horner, cruising the Ohio River, and doing much to
restore quiet along the borders of Kentucky, Indiana,
and Illinois. Also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on the death of
President Lincoln, Freedmen, and Foreign Affairs.
Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chair-
man of Committee on Private Land Claims. He was
also elected to the Forty-first and Forty -third Con-
gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Foreign Affairs, and in March, 1875, he was appointed
Minister to Austria,
Orton, William, — He was born in New York,
and appointed from that State, in 1865, Commissioner
of Internal Revenue in the United States Treasury,
but only held the office one year.
Osborn, Thomas Q, — He was born in Ohio ;
removed to Illinois, and in 1874 he was appointed
Minister Resident to the Argentine Confederation ;
and is still in office, residing at Buenos Ay res.
Oshorn, T, TV, — He was born in Westfield,
Essex County, New Jersey, March 9, 1836 ; when a
boy, went with his father to Jefferson County, New
York, where he worked on a farm, and acquired a
common-school education ; graduated at the Madison
University in 1860 ; entered upon the study of law,
but in 1861 was mustered into the military service as
a Lieutenant of Artillery ; as a Captain, he took part
in the battles of Williamsburg and Fair Oaks, and as
Chief of Artillery, was engaged in nearly all the sub-
sequent battles of the Peninsula; and also in the
Army of Tennessee, serving until the close of the
war ; was three times wounded in battle, and had an
arm and shoulder broken by a railway accident ; after
the war went to Florida for his health ; practiced law
at Tallahassee, and Avas made a Register of Bank-
ruptcy in 1867 ; was a member of the Stat« Conven-
tion which adopted the new Constitution, which he
drafted ; was elected to the State Senate ; and was
elected a Senator in Congress from Florida, for the
17
318
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
term ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on
Patents and Public Landa
Osborne^ Thomas S. — He was born in Fair-
field County, Connecticut, in 1797 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1817 ; studied law, and was for several
years Judge of Fairfield County ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from 1839 to 1843. In 1848 lie
settled in New Haven and became a Professor in tbe
Law Department of Yale College ; and in 1856 re-
ceived from the Wesleyan University the degree of
Doctor of Laws. Died in New Haven, September 2,
1869.
Osgood^ Gayton JP. — He graduated at Harvard
University in 1815 ; served in the Massachusetts
Legislature in 1829 and 1831 ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Massachusetts from 1832 to
1835. Died June 26, 1861, aged sixty- four years.
Osgood^ Samuel. — Born at Andover, Massa-
chusetts ; graduated at Harvard University in 1770 ;
studied theology, but losing his health became a
merchant ; was a Delegate to the Essex Convention
in 1774 ; a member of the Provincial Congress, and
on many important committees ; in 1775 and 1776 was
Aid to General Ward, and member of the Board of
War ; Captain at Lexington and Cambridge in 1775 ;
left the army in 1776 , with the rank of Colonel and
Assistant Commissary ; member of the House until
1780, and then State Senator. Was Delegate to the
Continental Congress from 1780 to 1784 ; First Commis-
sioner of the United States Treasury from 1785 to 1789;
United States Postmaster-General from 1789 to 1791 ;
afterwards member of the New York Legislature and
Speaker of the House ; Supervisor of New York from
1801 to 1803 ; and from that time till his death was
Naval Officer of that port. He published a work on
Chronology ; " Remarks on Daniel and Revelation ;"
"Letters on Episcopacy;" "Theology and Meta-
physics," and other subjects. He died in New York,
August 12, 1813.
O'Sullivanf John L. — He was a citizen of New
York City ; a man of liberal education ; associated
for some years with the magazine literature of the
country, and also with politics ; and in 1854 was ap-
pointed Charge d' Affaires to Portugal ; in a foAv
months promoted to the rank of Minister Resident,
and returned to the United States in 1858.
Osfvaldf fJohri Holt, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and elected Clerk of the House of Representa-
tives in 1800, remaining in office only one year.
Otero^ Miffuel A. — He was born at "Valencia,
New Mexico, June 21, 1829 ; was educated at the St.
Louis University, in Missouri ; studied law, and was
admitted to practice in Missouri in 1852 ; returning to
New Mexico, he was elected to the Territorial Legis-
lature ; was appointed, by President Pierce, United
States District Attorney for the Territory, but de-
clined to serve ; held the office for a time of Attor-
ney-General for the Territory ; and in 1855 he was
elected a Delegate to Congress from New Mexico.
OiiSf Harrison Gray, — He was born in Bos-
ton, Massachusetts, October 8, 1765, and died at
Boston, October 28, 1848. His father, Samuel A.
Otis, was the first Secretary of the Senate of the
United States, which office he held for twenty-five
years. Harrison Gray graduated at Harvard Univer-
sity in 1783, and soon became a successful practi-
tioner at the bar. He was for many years an active
and leading member of the State Legislature, serving
as Speaker and President of the Senate. He was
chosen a Representative in Congress for the Suffolk
District in 1797, and served through President
Adams's administration ; and in 1817 he was chosen
a Senator in Congress, where he remained for five
years. He was also Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas, and Mayor of Boston, for whose prosperity he
accomplished much good ; displaying, in all his pub-
lic stations, great ability and the utmost fidelity to
the public interests. He was also appointed, by
President Adams, United States District Attorney for
Massachusetts, and was a Delegate to the " Hartford
Convention " in 1814. He was distinguished for his
scholarly acquirements, and for his eloquence . as an
orator.
Otis, tlames, — Born in West Barnstable, Massa-
chusetts, February 5, 1725 ; studied law and began
to practice at Plymouth at the age of twenty-one ;
removed to Boston in 1750 and became an eminent
lawyer ; was a member of the State Legislature in
1761, in which year he made his famous speech on
" Writs of Assistance." In 1764 he published a pam-
phlet on " The Rights of the Colonies Vindicated ; "
in 1765 he moved the calling of a Congress of Dele-
gates from the several colonies, which was adopted ;
and he was made a Delegate and one of the Commis-
sioners to prepare an address to the House of Com-
mons of England. He was Judge Advocate, but
resigned the office in 1767, when opposed, as Speaker
of the House, by the Governor ; in 1769 he denounced
in TJie Gazette the calumnies of some of the Custom-
House officers which resulted in his being attacked
by them, receiving a deep cut on the head, which
caused ill-health, and he withdrew into retirement
in 1770 ; he was again Representative in 1771, but
took no active part ; during a brief interval he re-
sumed the practice of law in Boston, and on his
return to Andover was killed by a stroke of light-
ning— a fate for which he had often expressed a wish.
He published in 1762, "Vindication of the House of
Representatives," and " Considerations," in 1765.
Died at Andover, May 23, 1783.
Otis, tfohii, — He was born in Maine, in 1801 ;
graduated at Bowdoin College in 1823 ; adopted the
profession of law ; served five years in the Maine
Legislature ; Avas a Commissioner for settling the
North-eastern boundary ; and was a Representative
in Congress from Maine from 1849 to 1851 ; and died
October 17, 1856.
Otis, Sa/inuel Allyne, — He was born in Boston,
Massachusetts ; graduated at Harvard College in
1759. In 1776 he was a Representative in the As-
sembly, and subsequently a member of the Conven-
tion which framed the Constitution of Massachusetts.
From J787 to 1788 he was a Delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress, and upon the adoption of the Consti-
tution was appointed Secretary of the Senate, holding
that office for more than thirty years. He died at
Washington, April 22, 1814, aged seventy-three
years.
Otterhourg , Mariiis, — He was a citizen of
Wisconsin ; while holding the position of Consul in
Mexico, he was in 1866 made Acting Charge d'Affaires,
and in the following year he received the appoint-
ment of Minister Plenipotentiary, but shortly after-
wards returned to the United States.
Otto, Williain T. — Born in Philadelphia, Janu-
ary 19, 1817 ; graduated at the University of Penn-
sylvania ; studied law and removed to Indiana, where
he followed his profession until 1844, when he was
elected a District Judge for six years ; became a Pro-
fessor of Law in the University of Indiana ; in 1863
he was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Interior
Department, and remained in the position until 1871,
when he was appointed Arbitrator on the part of the
United States, on the Commission for the Settlement
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
319
of Claims of American Citizens against Spain. In
1875 he was apj^ointed Reporter of Decisions of the
Supreme Court.
Outlaw f David, — Born in Bertie County, North
Carolina, and graduated at the University of that
State in 1824. He read law at Newborn, and was
admitted to the bar in 1827. He served three years
in the House of Commons ; was elected Solicitor of
Edenton District in 1836 ; and was a Representative
in Congress from 1847 to 1853.
OtitlatVf George C — He was born in Bertie
County, North Carolina ; was a member of the House
of Commons in 179G ; in the State Senate a number
of years thereafter ; and a Representative in Con-
gress during the years 1824 and 1825. Died August
15, 1836.
Overstreetf James, — He was a native of Barn-
well District, South Carolina, and a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1819 to 1822. Died in
1822.
Or erf on f Walter H, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Louisiana from 1829 to 1831.
Oiven, Allen F, — He was born in North Caro-
lina, and having removed to Georgia, was elected a
Representative in Congress from 1849 to 1851. He
was subsequently appointed Consul at Havana.
Oiven, David Dale, — Brother of Robert Dale,
was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, June 24, 1807 ;
was educated at Hof wyl, Switzerland ; and in 1826 re-
moved with his father to New Harmony, Indiana ;
again spent two years in Europe in the study of Geol-
ogy and other branches of natural science ; and in
1833 took up his permanent residence in the United
States. In 1835 he received the degree of M.D. from
the Ohio Medical College ; and in 1837 was employed
by the Legislature of Indiana in a geological survey of
the State, the results of which were published. He
then made an examination of the mineral lands of
Iowa, under instructions from the General Land
Office ; in 1848 was employed by the Government to
conduct the geological survey of Wisconsin, Iowa and
Minnesota ; and in 1852 it was published, and a sur-
vey of Kentucky from 1852 to 1857 was published in
three volumes. In 1857 he was appointed State Geol-
ogist of Arkansas, and made a report of his survey in
1858. He died in New Harmony, Indiana, November
13, 1860.
OweUf^ George W, — Born in Brunswick County,
Virginia, in 1798 ; was Speaker of the House of Rep-
resentatives in Alabama ; Mayor of Mobile ; and a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1823
to 1829, when he was appointed Collector of the port
of Mobile. He died August 18, 1839, at Mobile, Ala-
bama.
Otven, James, — Born in Bladen County, North
Carolina, in December, 1784. He was well educated,
and adopted the occupation of a planter. He was a
General of Militia ; four years a member of the Legis-
lature ; and a Representative in Congress from North
Corolina from 1817 to 1819.
OfveUf John, — Born in Bladen County, North
Carolina, August, 1787 ; educated at the University
of North Carolina ; devoted himself to Agriculture ;
was a member of the House of Representatives in
North Carolina in 1812 ; and of the Senate in 1827 ;
and Pre. ident of the Convention at Harrisburg, which
nominated Harrison in 1840. Died at Pittsburg,
October, 1841.
OweUf Hohert Dale, — He was born in Glasgow,
Scotland, November 7, 1801. His grandfather,
David Dale, was an eminent cotton manufacturer on
the Clyde ; and his father, Robert Owen, Avas the
celebrated philanthropist. He was educated by a pri-
vate tutor until the age of sixteen, when he entered
the private college of Hof wyl, near Berne, in Switzer-
land, remaining there three years. In 1826 his father
having purchased the estate of New Harmony, in In-
diana, he emigrated to this country. In 1835 he was
qhosen to the Indiana Legislature, and twice re-
elected. In 1843 he was elected a Representative
in Congress from Indiana and re-elected in 1845. He
introduced the bill organizing the Smithsonian Insti-
tution, and was one of its first Regents ; and he also
submitted the resolution which brought about the
settlement of the Oregon Boundary. In 1849 he was
elected to the "Constitutional Convention" of Indi-
ana, and made its Chairman : and in 1853 he was ap-
pointed by President Pierce Minister to Naples, re-
maining there five years. In 1860 he published
" Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World," and
in 1864 "The Wrong of Slavery and the Right of
Emancipation." After a succession of efforts, extend-
ing through fifteen years, he procured the passage in
Indiana of laws securing to women independent rights
of property ; and during the Rebellion he served on
two important Government Commissions. He subse-
quently devoted much attention to Spiritualism, and
in 1875 he became temporarily insane. Notwithstand-
ing his many peculiar opinions he was reputed to be
a pure-hearted man, and, as a writer of English, had
few equals in any country.
OtvenSf George IV, — A prominent member of
the Georgia bar, and a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1835 to 1839. Died at Savannah,
in 1856.
Oivsley, Dry an Y, — He was born in Kentucky,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1841 to 1843.
Oivsley, William, — Born in Virginia in 1782 ; his
father settled in Lincoln County, Kentucky, in 1783 ;
he taught school, studied law ; represented Garrard
County for several years in the Legislature ; was
Judge of the Supreme Court of the State from 1812
to 1828 : he removed to Boyle County in 1843 ; and
was Governor of Kentucky from 1844 to 1848. Died
in Danville, Kentucky, in December 1862.
JPaca^ IVillinm, — Born at Wye Hall, Hartford
County, Maryland, October 31, 1740 ; graduated at
Philadelphia College in 1758 ; admitted a student at
the Middle Temple, London, in 1762 ; practiced law at
Annapolis ; was a member of the Maryland Legisla-
ture in 1771, and opposed the Royal Government ;
was a member of the Committee of Correspondence
in 1774 ; and a Delegate to the Continental Congress
from 1774 to 1779 ; was a signer of the Declaration of
Independence ; State Senator from 1777 to 1779 ;
Chief Justice of the State from 1778 to 1780 ; Chief
Judge of the Court of Appeals and Admiralty from
1780 to 1782 ; elected Governor in 1782 and 1786 , mem-
ber of the Convention which ratified the Constitution
in 1788 ; was United States District Judge from 1789
till his death, which occurred in 1799.
Pacheco, Bomnaldo.—lle was born in Califor-
nia, and became the Governor of that State in March,
1875, in the place of Newton Booth, elected to the
United States Senate.
Dackardf Jasper.— Born in Mahoning (for-
merly Trumbull) County, Ohio, in February, 1832 ;
went with his father to" Indiana in 1835, and worked
on his farm until 1850 ; was a student at Oberlin Col-
320
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
lege, but graduated at tlie University of MicMgan in
1855 ; taught scliool one year, and removing to La-
porte, edited the Union newspaper ; studied law and
came to the bar in 1861 ; on the breaking out of the
Rebellion, he entered the volunteer army as a private ;
served as a Lieutenant in the Vicksburg campaign, and
during the assault on that place was wounded in the
face ; he was commissioned a Captain, and was in the
march from Memphis to Chattanooga ; received two
promotions during the Atlanta campaign, and in 1865,
he was appointed a Brigadier-General by brevet for
meritorious services ; on being mustered out of ser-
vice in 1866, he was chosen Auditor of Laporte
County, holding the office until 1868. when he was
elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-
first Congress, succeeding Schuyler Colfax, and serv-
ing on the Committees on Military Affairs and
Mileage. Re-elected to the Forty-second and Forty-
third Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Private Land Claims.
Packer, Asa, — Born in Groton, Connecticut,
December 39, 1805 ; never had a whole year's schooling
in his life ; in 1822 removed to Susquehanna County,
Pennsylvania, and learned the trade of a carpenter ;
in 1833 settled in Mauch Chunk ; built a canal- boat,
and acted as her Captain, between that place and
Philadelphia ; designed and built the ' ' Lehigh Valley
Railroad," as well as the Railroad leading from
Mauch Chunk to Erie ; gave five hundred thousand
dollars and land to found the Lehigh University ;
was elected to the State Legislature ; served as
Judge of a County Court, and was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1853 to 1857. In
1875 he was appointed a Commissioner to the Centen-
nial Exhibition.
Packer f John P, — Born in Sunbury, Pennsyl-
vania, March 21, 1824 ; received an academic educa-
tion ; studied law and came to the bar in 1845 ; was a
District-Attorney from 1842 to 1847 ; a member of the
State Legislature in 1850 and 1851 ; and was elected a
Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-first
Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and
Currency, and the Interior Department. Re-elec-
ted to the four succeeding Congresses, serving on
several important Committees, and as Chairman of that
on Post-Offices and Post-Roads.
Packer f William F, — Born in Centre County,
Pennsylvania, in 1807 ; became a printer ; studied
law, but never practiced ; published the Lycoming
Gazette from 1827 to 1836 ; was Canal Commissioner
from 1839 to 1842 ; State Auditor from 1842 to 1845 ;
State Senator from 1845 to 1848 ; then President of
the Susquehanna Railroad Company until its con-
solidation with the Northern Central Railroad Com-
pany, of which he was Director until 1858 He was
Governor of Pennsylvania from 1858 to 1861. Died
at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, September 27, 1870.
PaddocJk, Algernon S. — Born at Glenn's Falls,
New York, November 5, 1830 ; was educated, studied
law, and was admitted to the bar there ; settled in
Nebraska in 1857 ; was a Delegate to the National
Republican Convention in 1860 ; was appointed
Secretary of Nebraska Territory in 1861, which office
he held until the admission of the State in 1867 ;
was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention in
1864 ; was a Candidate for Congress in 1858 ; was
appointed Governor of Wyoming Territory in 1848,
declined the office. He engaged in the manufacture
of hydraulic cement at Beatrice, Nebraska, and was
elected a Senator in Congress from Nebraska, for the
term commencing in 1875 and ending in 1881.
Padelfordf Seth, — He was elected Governor of
Rhode Island in 1869 and remained in office until
1875.
PagCf Horace Francis. — He was born in Or-
leans County, New York, October 20, 1833 ; received a
good education ; emigrated to California in 1854 ; was
a stage -proprietor and mail-contractor ; and was elect-
ed to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. He was re-
elected in 1875 to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Page, John, — Born at Rosewell, Gloucester
County, Virginia, April 17, 1743 ; graduated at Wil-
liam and Mary College in 1763 ; which he represented
in the House of Burgesses. He was a member of the
Colonial Council ; displayed an ardent attachment to
the Colonies during the Revolution ; was in 1776 one
of the most conspicuous members of the Convention
which formed the Constitution of Virginia, and was ap-
pointed one of the first Councilors ; was a member of
the Committee of Safety ; and a Lieutenant Governor
of that State ; commanded a Militia Regiment during
the British invasion ; was one of the first Represent-
atives to Congress from Virginia, serving from 1789 to
1797 ; was Presidential Elector in 1800 ; Governor of
the State from 1802 to 1805 ; published addresses to
the people in 1796 to 1799 ; was Commissioner of Loans
for Virginia, from 1806 till his death, which occurred
at Richmond, Ooctober 11, 1808.
Page, John, — He was born in Haverhill, New
Hampshire, May 21, 1787 ; received an academical
education, but was chiefly devoted to agricultural
pursuits. In 1815 he was appointed an Assessor of
Taxes ; was a Register of Deeds from 1828 to 1834 for
Grafton County ; served in the New Hampshire Legis-
lature in 1818, 1819, 1820, and 1835 ; in 1836 he was
chosen a member of the Executive Council, and again
in 1838 ; and it was during the intervening year, 1837,
that he served as a Senator in Congress for the unex-
pired term of Isaac Hill, resigned ; and he was Gover-
nor of New Hampshire from 1839 to 1842. He was a
member of the Masonic fraternity, and a leading
member of the Methodist Church. Died at Concord,
September 8, 1865.
Page, John P, — He was born in Rutland, Ver-
mont, in 1826 ; and was Governor of that State from
1867 to 1869.
Page, Mann, — He was a Delegate from Virgin-
ia, to the Continental Congress, in 1777.
PagCf Robert, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia, from 1799 to 1801.
Page, Sherman, — ^He was bom in Connecticut ;
served in the Assembly of New York, from Otsego
County, in 1827 and *vas a Representative in Con-
gress from that State, from 1833 to 1837. He was
also Judge of the Common Pleas in Otsego County,
and died in Unadilla.
PainCf Pi/ron, — He was a citizen of Wisconsin ;
educated for the legal profession ; and was for several
years the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Wis-
consin when it was a Territory. He acquired consid-
erable fame on account of a judicial decision which
conflicted with the Government of the United States.
Died at Milwaukee, January 17, 1871.
Paine f Charles, — Born at Williamstown, Ver-
mont, April 15, 1799 ; graduated at Harvard Univer-
sity in 1820 ; engaged in manufacturing, in which he
was very successful ; rendered the State great service
in the construction of its railroads ; his last project
was the exploration of a Southern Route for a great
Pacific Railroad. He was a liberal patron of the Uni-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
321
versity of Vermont and the Northfield Academy. He
was Governor of the State from 1841 to 1843. Died at
Waco, Texas, July 6, 1853.
JPaine,, Elijah. — Born in Brooklyn, Connecticut,
January 21, 1757, and graduated at Harvard College
in 1781. He was the first President of the Phi Beta
Kappa Society of Harvard, and pronounced the first
oration before the same. He was a lawyer by profes-
sion, and having settled in Veraiont, was one of the
most useful pioneers of the new State, following the
practice of his profession, and the employments of
farmer, road-maker, and cloth manufacturer. In 1786
he was a member of the Convention called to revise
the State Constitution, and of which he was Secretary.
In 1787 he was elected to the State Legislature, and so
continued until 1791, when he was appointed Judge of
the Supreme Court. He was one of the Commission-
ers to settle the controversy between Vermont and
New York in 1789 ; was a Trustee of Dartmouth Col-
lege ; President of the Vermont Colonization Society ;
a pecuniary benefactor to the University of Vermont ;
received from Harvard College the degree of LL.D,
and was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences, and an ordinary member of several
other literary institutions. He was a Senator in Con-
gress from Vermont from 1795 to 1801. In 1801 he
was appointed by President Adams Judge of the Dis-
trict Court of Vermont, which office he held till within
a month of his death, when he resigned. He died at
Williamstown, Vermont, April 21, 1842.
FainSf Elijah^ Jr, — He was born in Williams-
town, Vermont, April 10, 1796 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1814 ; studied at Litchfield Law School ;
and was admitted to the bar, and practiced in New
York city. He was associated with Henry Wheaton,
and assisted in the Reports of the United States Su-
preme Court, which bear his name. He was the
author of Paine's " United States Circuit Reports,"
and with Duer, published in 1830, Paine and Duer's
" Practice in Civil Actions and Proceedings in the Stace
of New York," two volumes. From 1850 to his death
he was a Judge of the Superior Court of New York,
and was noted for his decision in the Lemmon Slave
case. He died in New York, October 6, 1853.
Taine, Ephrahn, — He was a Delegate from
New York to the Continental Congress in 1784 and
1785.
Paine^ JETalbert E, — He was born in Chardon,
Geauga County, Ohio, February 4, 1826 ; graduated at
the Western Reserve College "in 1845; studied law,
and came to the bar in 1848, settling in Cleveland ;
removed to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1857 ; entered
the army in 1861 as Colonel of the Fourth Wisconsin
Regiment ; was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-
General in March, 1863 ; and lost a leg in the follow-
ing June, while in command of the Third Division of
the Nineteenth Corps, at the last assault on Port Hud-
son. In March, 1865, he was brevetted a Major-Gen-
eral, but resigned his commission in May, 1865 ; and
was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the
Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Elections, the Select Committee on the Freedmen, and
that on the Militia. He was a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ; and was re-
elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on Reconstruction, and Soldiers' and Sailors'
Bounties, and as Chairman of the Committee on the
Militia. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, and
made Chairman of Elections.
Paine^ Robert Treat, — ^Born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, March 11, 1731 ; graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1749 ; kept school for a time to support his
parents, for which object he also made a tour to
21
Europe ; he studied theology, and in 1875 acted as
Chaplain to the Northern Provincial troops, but after-
wards studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1759, and settled at Taunton to practice ; in 1770 he
conducted the prosecution of the men engaged in the
Boston massacre ; in 1773 was Representative in the
Legislature ; was a Delegate to the Provincial Con-
gress from 1774 to 1775 ; Delegate to the Continental
Congress from 1774 to 1778 ; and a signer of the
Declaration of Independence. In 1776 he was one of
the Deputies sent by Congress to visit the army of
Schuyler in the North ; was Speaker of the House of
Representatives of the State in 1777 ; Attorney-Gen-
eral of Massachusetts, and a member of the Executive
Council ; in 1779 was a member of the Constitutional
Convention ; removed to Boston in 1780, and was
Judge of the Supreme Court of the State from 1790 to
1804 ; was founder of the American Academy of Mas-
sachusetts in 1780 ; received the degree of LL.D. from
Harvard in 1805. Died in Boston, May 11, 1814.
i
Paine f Pohert T, — He was born in North Caro-
lina ; and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1855 to 1857.
Painter^ Gamaliel, — Born in New Haven,
Connecticut, May 22, 1743 ; received a common-
school education ; erected the first house in Middle-
bury, Vermont, in 1773 ; served as Captain and Quar-
termaster in the Revolutionary army ; Delegate to the
Convention that declared the Independence of Ver-
mont in 1777 ; was a State Representative ; Judge of
the County Court, and Councilor in 1813 and 1814 ;
a member of the first Constitutional Convention of
Vermont, in 1793, and was principal founder of Mid-
dlebury College, to which at his death he left a be-
quest of about ten thousand dollars. He died at Mid-
dlebury, May 21, 1819.
Palen^ Josepli G, — ^He was born in New York,
from which State he was appointed Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court for the Territory of New Mexico.
Died at Santa Fe, New Mexico, December 21, 1875.
PaleUf Hufus, — He was born in New York ; and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1839 to 1841.
Palfrey, JoJin O.— Born in Boston, May 2,
1795. He was prepared for college at Exeter Acad-
emy, and graduated at Harvard in 1815 ; he studied
theology, and was ordained a Unitarian preacher in
1818 ; he was subsequently, for a number of years,
editor of the North American Bemew ; was Professor
of Sacred Literature in Harvard College from 1830 to
1838, and from which he received the degrees of D.D.
and LL.D. ; delivered a course of Lectures before the
Lowell Institute ; during the years 1842 and 1847 he
was a member of the General Court ; was elected
Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ;
and he was a member of Congress from 1847 to
1849. His published writings are numerous, chiefly
of a theological and political character. His last
work was a History of New England. In 1861 he was
appointed Postmaster of Boston. In 1869 he received
from Harvard University the degree of LL.D.
Palmer f Periah, — Born in New York ; served
four years in the Assembly of New York from Sara-
toga County ; and was a Representative in Congress
from 1803 to 1805.
Palmer, Francis TF.— He was born in Man-
chester, Dearborn County, Indiana, October 11, 1827 ;
was apprenticed in 1842 to learn the trade of a priiiter,
and practiced as a journeyman in New York City ;
was for ten years the publisher and editor of the
Jamestown Journal, in Chautauqua County ;. was a
332
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
member of the New York Assembly in 1853 and 1854 ;
removed to Iowa in 1858, and became editor and part
owner of tbe Dubuque Times ; in 1860 he was elected
Printer for the State, holding the oflBce eight years ;
and in 1868 he was elected a Representative from
Iowa to the Forty -first Congress, serving on the
Committees on Pacific Railroad, and the Library, Re-
elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the
Committee on Appropriations.
Calmer, George W, — Born in Hoosick, Rensse-
laer County, New York, January 13, 1818 ; received a
common-school education ; adopted the profession of
law ; was Surrogate of Clinton County from 1843 to
1847 ; and a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress from New York, serving as a member of the
Committee on Expenditures in the Post-Office Depart-
ment. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Pub-
lic Expenditures, He was also a Delegate to the
" Baltitoiore Convention " of 1864, In 1866 he was ap-
pointed a Judge of the Mixed Court at Sierra Leone
under the Treaty with Great Britain for the more
effectual suppression of the slave trade.
JP aimer ^ John, — He was born in Hoosick, Rens-
selaer County, New York, in 1785 ; received a good
education, and studied law ; and, having settled in
Plattsburg, Clinton County, in 1810, formed a law part-
nership with Chancellor Walworth, which continued
until 1820. He was elected a Representative to Con-
gress in 1817, but before the expiration of his term he
was chosen District Attorney for Clinton County, in
which capacity he served until 1841, and during that
year he was made the first Judge of said county, and
held the office until 1836. He was again elected to Con-
gress in 1837, and served one term. He died of Con-
sumption, at St. Bartholomew, West Indies, Decem-
ber 8, 1840.
Pcilmer^ John M, — He was Governor of Illi-
nois from 1869 to 1873.
Palmer f Joseph, — He was a member of the
Provincial Congress in 1777 ; one of the Committee of
Safety, appointed by that body ; as a Revolutionary
officer, he served as Colonel of Militia in the field, in
the vicinity of Boston, and in defense of the Coast ;
in 1777 he was appointed Brigadier-General command-
ing the Massachusetts Militia in the defense of Rhode
Island. Died at Roxbury, Massachusetts, December
25, 1788.
JPahner, Robert M, — Born in Mount Holly,
;New Jersey, in 1820 ; removed to Pottsville, Pennsylva-
nia, with his family, and was educated as a printer ;
subsequently became an editor and studied law ; in
1850 he was elected District- Attorney for Schuylkill
County ; subsequently to the State Senate, over which
he presided as Speaker ; and in 1861 he was appointed
Minister to the Argentine Confederation, but was
compelled to resign on account of his health, and died
at sea, April 26, 1862.
T aimer, William, A. — He was a Senator in
Congress, from Vermont, from 1818 to 1825. He was
also a member of the Vermont Legislature for six
years. ; Judge of the Supreme Court in 1816 ; Gover-
nor of Vermont from 1831 to 1835 ; a member of the
"Constitutional Convention" of 1828 and 1836;
Judge of Probate and of the County Court ; two
years a State Senator ; and for eight years Clerk of
the Courts. Died at Danville, Vermont, at an ad-
vanced ag«, in December, 1860.
Farh, Benjamin, — He was a native of New
Jersey, and was born in 1777. He was one of the
early pioneers to the Western Territory, and settled
in that portion which now forms the State of Indiana,
in 1800. From 1805 to 1808 he was a Delegate in Con-
gress from that Territory, and was soon after ap-
pointed by President Jefferson Judge of the Dis-
trict Court, which office he held until his death,
which occurred in Salem, Indiana, July 12, 1835. He
was at one time President of the State Historical So-
ciety.
Parher, Amasa J, — Born in 1807, at Sharon,
Connecticut, and graduated at Union College, New
York. He was admitted to the bar in Delhi, New
York, in October, 1828. 1833 he was elected a Rep-
resentative in the State Legislature and in 1835 was
chosen a Regent of the University. From 1837 to
1839 he was a Representative in Congress, and in 1844
he was appointed a Circuit Judge and Vice-Chancellor
of the Court of Equity. Soon after the adoption of
a New State Constitution, he became a Judge of the
Supreme Court of New York. In 1859 he was ap-
pointed United States Attorney for the District of
New York, He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago
Convention" of 1864; and to the "State Constitu-
tional Convention " of 1867.
Parker, Andreiv, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1851 to 1853.
Parker, MH S, — He was of Indian extraction ;
served with General U, S, Grant as a Staff Officer, and
became a General ; and in 1869 he was appointed
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, holding the position
until December, 1871.
Parker f Hosea W, — He was born in Lempster,
New Hampshire, May 30, 1833 ; received a good edu-
cation ; entered Tuft's College in 1855, and left during
his sophomore year ; studied law, and came to the
bar in 1859 ; was a member of the Legislature of New
Hampshire in 1859 ; removed to Claremont in 1860,
and commenced the practice of law ; was a member
of the Democratic National Convention, in 1868 ; and
elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con-
gresses, serving on the Committee on Patents.
Parker, Isaac, — Born in Boston, Massachusetts,
June 17, 1768, and graduated at Harvard College, in
1786. He commenced the practice of the law at Cas-
tine, in the District of Maine, and v/as elected to Con-
gress, serving as Representative from 1797 to 1799.
He was appointed, by President Adams, Marshal for
the District of Maine, which office he held till 1801.
He afterwards removed to Portland, and, in 1806, was
chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court, and, in 1814,
Chief Justice, which position he occupied for sixteen
years. In 1820 he was President of the "Massachu-
setts Convention " for the revision of the Constitution,
and, for several years, he was Professor of Law in
Harvard University. He was a distinguished scholar
and friend of literature, and, for eleven years, was a
Trustee of Bowdcfin College, and, for twenty years, an
Overseer of Harvard. He died in Boston, May 26,
1830.
Parker, Isaac C, — Born in Belmont County,
Ohio, October 15, 1838 ; worked on a farm ; received
an academic education ; taught school for four years ;
studied law, and admitted to the bar in 1859 ; re-
moved to St. Joseph, Missouri ; was elected City At-
torney in 1862 and 1863 ; was in the military service
in Missouri, during the Rebellion, as Corporal ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1864 ; was elected Circuit At-
torney in 1864, but resigned in 1867 ; was elected, in
1868, Circuit Judge for six years, but resigned in
1870 ; was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third
Congresses, serving on the Committees on Navy De-
partment, and Appropriations. In 1875 he was ap-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
323
pointed Chief Justice of Utah, in the place of J. B.
McKean, removed.
JParher, James. — He was born in the Township
of Bethlehem, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, March
1, 1776. He was a student in Columbia College, New
York, and graduated in 1793 ; he entered the count-
ing-house of a merchant in New York, and remained
there until 1797, when he settled in Perth Amboy,
where he has since resided ; he was, for a few years,
engaged in trade ; was a member of the New Jersey
Legislature in 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1812, 1813,
1815, 1816, 1818, and 1827— in all, eleven years ; was
a Jackson Elector in 1824 ; Collector of the Customs
at Perth Amboy from 1829 to 1833 ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from 1833 to 1837. He also
served as one of the Commissioners, on the part of
New Jersey, to settle the boundary and jurisdiction
between New York and New Jersey, at the different
periods of 1807, 1827, and 1833, obtaining an agree-
ment during the year last named ; and he was a mem-
ber of the " Constitutional Convention" of the State,
in 1844. Mr. Parker is still living, in the enjoyment
of a pleasant home and troops of friends.
IParUer, James, — A native of Boston, Massachu-
setts ; was a physician by profession ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1813
to 1815, and from 1819 to 1821. He was for fifty
years a resident of Gardiner, Maine, where he died
November 9, 1837, aged sixty-nine years.
Farher, Joel, — ^Born in Jaffrey, New Hamp-
shire, January 25, 1795 ; graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1811 ; began the practice of law at Keene,
in 1815 ; was a member of the Legislature from 1824
to 1826 ; appointed Associate Judge of the Supreme
Court of New Hampshire in 1833 ; and Chief Justice
in 1838 ; Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in Dart-
mouth College from 1847 to 1857 ; Chairman of the
Committee to Revise the New Hampshire Laws, in
1840 ; and in 1847 made Royall Professor of Law at
Harvard University. He was the author of many law
reports, essays and addresses on legal and political
subjects. Received the degree of LL.D. from Dart-
mouth in 1837, and Harvard in 1848. Died at Cam-
bridge, Massachusetts, August 17, 1875.
Parker, Joel, — Born in Monmouth, New Jersey,
November 24, 1816 ; as a boy he worked on a farm,
and received a common-school education at Trenton ;
graduated at Princeton College in 1839 ; studied law,
and came to the bar in 1842 ; was elected to the State
Legislature in 1847 ; was, for a time, Attorney for his
county ; was elected, in 1861, Major-General of Vol-
unteers ; was elected Governor of New Jersey in
1862, for three years, and re-elected in 1871.
Parher, John, — He was. a Delegate from South
Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1786 to
1788.
JParher, John Mason. — Born in Granville,
Washington County, New York, June 14, 1805 ; grad-
uated at Middlebury College, Vermont, in 1828 ; was
a lawyer by profession ; and a Representative in the
Thirty-fifth Congress from New York, serving on the
Committees on Public Expenditures and Revolution-
ary Pensions.
JParher, Josiah, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1789 to 1801 ; and was
one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Gov-
ernment on the Potomac.
Parker^ Wahmn, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from New Hampshire from 1807 to 1810, having
also held the positions of State Councilor from 1805
to 1807, President of the State Senate in 1828, and
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Hillsborough
County from 1822 to 1825. Died in 1839, aged eighty
years.
JParUer, Peter, — He was bom in Massachusetts ;
was liberally educated, and adopted the profession of
medicine. He went to China as a Missionary ; in
1845 he was appointed Secretary and Interpreter to
the American Legation ; from 1850 to 1853 he offi-
ciated as Charge d' Affaires ad interim ; also in 1854
and 1855 ; and from 1855 to 1857 he was a Commis-
sioner to take charge of the interests of the United
States. He practiced his profession in China, re-
turned to the United States with a fortune, and set-
tled in the City of Washington, where he became one
of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution.
Parker f Pichard, — He was born in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1849 to 1851.
Parker, Pichard E, — Born in 1777 ; in early
life was a member of the Virginia House of Dele-
gates ; for many years a Judge of the General and
Circuit Courts of Virginia ; also a Judge of the Su-
preme Court of Appeals ; and for a brief period, from
1836 to 1837, a Senator in Congress. He died in Vir-
ginia, in November, 1840.
Parker, Samuel W, — He was born in Jeffer-
son County, New York, September 9, 1805 ; grad-
uated at the Miami University, in Ohio, in 1828 ; set-
tled in Indiana ; and, while studying law, taught
school and edited a newspaper ; he was admitted to
the bar in 1831 ; was elected to the Legislature in
1836, where he served five years ; and was two years
Attorney for the State. He was a Representative in
Congress from Indiana from 1851 to 1855 ; he was, in
1846, President of the White Water Canal Company,
the Charter for which he had passed by the Legisla-
ture ; in 1845 he was a Clay Elector, and in 1856 an
Elector for Fremont ; and at the present time is Presi-
dent of the Junction Railway Company of Indiana,
where he resides, chiefly engaged in agricultural
pursuits.
Parker, Severn E, — He was bom in Northamp-
ton County, Virginia, and was a prominent member
of the Virginia Legislature, an eminent lawyer, and
a Representative in Congress from 1819 to 1821. He
died October 21, 1836, in Northampton County, Vir-
ginia.
Parker, TJiomas, — He was a citizen of South
Carolina, and in 1812 was appointed Judge of the
United States Court for the District of South Carolina.
Parks, Gorham, — He was born in the western
part of Massachusetts in 1793 ; graduated at Harvard
College in 1813 ; adopted the profession of law, and
commenced practice at Bangor ; and was a Represent-
ative in Congress from Maine from 1833 to 1837.
From 1838 to 1841 he was United States Marshal for
the District of Maine ; from 1843 to 1845 United States
Attorney ; and from 1845 to 1849 United States Con-
sul at Rio Janeiro.
Parks, Samuel C, — He was born in Vermont
and removed to Illinois, from which State he was
appointed a Justice of the United States Court for the
Territory of Idaho.
Parmenter, William, — He was born in Mas-
sachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1837 to 1845. He was also a
State Senator in 1836 ; and Naval Officer at Boston
324
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
from 1845 to 1849. Died in Cambridge, Massachu-
setts, February 27, 1866.
JParriSf Albion K, — He was born in Hebron,
Oxford County, Maine, January 19, 1788 ; graduated
at Dartmouth College in 1806 ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1809 ; in 1811 he was appointed
Attorney for Oxford County ; in 1813 was elected to
the General Court ; in 1814 was chosen a State Sen-
ator ; was elected a Representative in Congress in
1815, and again in 1817 ; in 1816 he was a member of
the "State Constitutional Convention;" was ap-
pointed Judge of the Federal District Court in 1818,
when he resigned. In 1819 he was a member of the
" State Convention" for framing a Constitution ; and
in 1820 was appointed Judge of Probate for Cumber-
land County. He was five times elected Governor of
Maine from 1822 to 1827 ; was a Senator in Congress
in 1827 and 1828 ; was appointed Judge of the Su-
preme Court of the State in 1828, holding the office
until 1836, when he became Second Comptroller in
the Federal Treasury Department. He left this office
in 1850, and returned to Portland, of which city, in
1852, he was elected Mayor. He died in Portland,
February 11, 1857.
ParriSf Virgil D, — Born in Maine, adopted the
profession of law ; was Assistant Secretary of the
State Senate in 1831 ; was a member of the Maine
Legislature from 1833 to 1839 ; a Representative in
Congress from Maine from 1838 to 1841 ; a State Sen-
ator in 1842 and 1843 ; United States Marshal for
Maine from 1844 to 1848 ; United States Special Mail
Agent from 1853 to 1856 ; and subsequently held the
office of Naval Storekeeper at Kittery, Maine. When
in the State Senate he was President pro tern., and for
a short time acting Governor of the State. Died at
Kittery, Maine, June 13, 1874.
Parrishy Isaac, — He was born in Ohio, and was
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1839 to 1841, and again from 1845 to 1847.
Parrottf JToIm F, — He was a member, in 1811,
of the New Hampshire Legislature ; a Representative
in Congress from New Hampshire from 1817 to 1819 ;
and a Senator of the United States from 1819 to 1825 ;
and in 1826 was appointed Postmaster at Portsmouth,
New Hampshire, He died in Greenland, New Hamp-
shire, July 9, 1836, aged sixty-eight years.
JParroftf Marcus J, — Born at Hamburg, South
Carolina, October 27, 1828 ; graduated at Dickinson
College, Pennsylvania, in 1849 ; is a lawyer by pro-
fession, having studied at Cambridge ; was a member
of the Ohio Legislature in 1853 and 1854 ; and was
elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fifth Congress from
Kansas Territory. Elected, also, to the Thirty-sixth
Congress.
Parson, Samuel H, — He was an early emigrant
to the west, and was appointed an Associate Justice
of the United States Court for the Territory north-
west of the Ohio River.
Parsons, Edtvard T, — Bom in Jefferson
County, Kentucky, December 12, 1842 ; graduated at
the University of Louisville in 1861 ; studied law,
and came to the bar in 1865 ; and, in 1874, elected a
Representative from. Kentucky to the Forty-fourth
Congress.
Parsons, Lewis E. — He was appointed Pro-
visional Governor of Alabama in 1865, but remained
in office less than one year.
Parsons, Richard C — He was born in New
London, Connecticut, October 10, 1826 ; received a
liberal education ; removed to Ohio at the age of
twenty years ; studied law, and admitted to practice
in 1851 ; in that year was elected a member of the
City Councils of Cleveland, and the next year Presi-
dent of that body ; in 1857 he was elected to the Ohio
Legislature, re-elected, and chosen Speaker of the
House ; in 1861 was tendered the mission to Chili,
which he declined ; was subsequently appointed Con-
sul at Rio Janeiro, resigning in 1862 ; was appointed
Collector of Internal Revenue at Cleveland for four
years ; in 1866 he received the appointment of Mar-
shal of the Supreme Court of the United States, and
served six years ; and was elected to the Forty-third
Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce.
Parsons, Samuel Holden, — Born at Lyme,
Connecticut, May 14, 1737 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1756 ; studied law at Lyme with his
uncle, Matthew Griswold ; was admitted to the bar in
1759 ; settled at Lyme ; was elected a member of the
Assembly in 1762, and successively for eighteen ses-
sions ; in 1774 was appointed King's Attorney, and re-
moved to New London ; was a member of the Com-
mittee of Correspondence ; was Colonel of the Sixth
Connecticut Regiment ; was at the siege of Boston,
and at Long Island ; made Brigadier-General by Con-
gress in 1776, and Major-General in 1780 ; in 1779
succeeded General Putnam ; and, at the close of the
war, resumed the practice of the law at Middletown.
In 1785 was appointed by Congress a Commissioner to
treat with the Indians at Miami ; was a member of
the Convention of Connecticut which ratified the
Federal Constitution in 1788 ; was appointed by
Washington first Judge of Northwest Territory. In
1789 was State Commissioner for treating with the
Indians on the Western Reserve of Connecticut. He
settled on the Ohio River in 1787, and published an
essay on the antiquities of the Western States. On
November 17, 1789, he was drowned in the rapids of
the Big Beaver River, Ohio.
Parsons, Theophilus, — Born at Byfield, Mas-
sachusetts, February 24, 1750 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1769 ; was admitted to the Portland bar
in 1774, and kept the Grammar School there ; upon
the destruction of the town, in 1775, he returned to
Byfield ; in 1777 he began to practice in Newbury-
port ; and was a Delegate to the State Convention at
Ipswich, to construct a State Constitution, his
draught, known as the "Essex Result," was virtu-
ally adopted in 1780. Removing to Boston, in 1800,
he was engaged in many important cases, until made
Chief Justice of Massachusetts, in 1806. He advo-
cated the Federal Constitution, to which he proposed
several amendments. His public opinions were so
highly esteemed that a collection of them were pub-
lished in New York in 1836, entitled, "Commentaries
on American Law." In legal knowledge he was
among the first men of .his time ; he was remarkable
for his wit, his wonderful memory, and force as a
speaker. His Decisions were embraced in six volumes
of Reports. He was also well versed in classical lit-
erature and mathematical science. Died in Boston,
Massachusetts, October 30, 1813.
Partridge, George. — He graduated at Harvard
College in 1762 ; was a Delegate to the Continental
Congress from Massachusetts from 1776 to 1778, and
in 1784 ; and a Representative in Congress, after the
adoption of the Constitution, from 1789 to 1791. He
died at Duxbury, Massachusetts, July 7, 1828, aged
eighty-eight years.
Partridge, James P, — He was bom in Balti-
more, Maryland ; received a liberal education, and
adopted the profession of law ; in 1862 he was ap-
pointed Minister Resident to Honduras, remaining
there one year ; in 1863 he was transferred, with the
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
325
same rank, to Salvador, remaining there until 1866 ;
and in 1871 lie went to Brazil as Minister Plenipoten-
tiary, and was still in office as late as 1875. In 1873
he acted as one of the Arbitrators on the Claim of the
Earl of Dundonald, at Rio Janeiro. Returned to the
United States in September, 1875.
JPartridgef Samuel, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1841 to 1843.
Patersofiy William, — Born at sea, of Irish pa-
rents, in 1745. He graduated at Princeton, in 1763 ;
studied law, and admitted to the bar in 1769 ; was a
member of the Convention which formed the first
Constitution of New Jersey, in 1776 ; from that time
until the year 1786 he was Attorney-General of the
State ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in
1780 and 1781 ; and was one of the first Senators in
Congress from 1789 to 1790, when he resigned, having
previously been a member of the Convention which
formed the Federal Constitution, which instrument he
signed. He was Governor of New Jersey from 1791
to 1794, when he was appointed, by the President, a
Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States,
which he held until his death, in 1806. In 1798 and
1799 he revised, by authority of the Legislature, the
laws of New Jersey, a work highly esteemed, and the
foundation of the jurisprudence of the State. He re-
ceived the degree of LL.D. from Harvard and Dart-
mouth.
JPatterson, Carlile Polloch.—^on of Commo-
dore D. T. Patterson, and born at Shieldsborough,
Bay St. Louis, Louisiana, August 24, 1816 ; appointed
a Midshipman in the navy in 1830 ; graduated at
Georgetown College, Kentucky, in 1838 ; assigned to
the Coast Survey in that year and served three years,
after which he went to sea again ; in 1845 re-
entered the Coast Survey service, and performed im.-
portant service in the Gulf of Mexico ; in 1849 ac-
cepted command of Pacific steamship Oregon; in 1851
had command of the Oolden Gate, of the same line, re-
signing in 1853 ; subsequently devoted himself to
civil pursuits ; and, in 1861, at the request of Profes-
sor A. D. Bache, he was appointed Hydrographic In-
spector of the Coast Survey ; and, in 1874, he was ap-
pointed Superintendent of the Coast Survey, succeed-
ing Professor Benjamin Pierce, and is still in that po-
sition.
Patterson^ David T, — He was born in Greene
County, Tennessee, February 28, 1819 ; received an
academical education ; was engaged for a time as a
paper-maker, and also as a miller ; studied law, and
came to the bar in 1841 ; was elected a Judge of the
Circuit Court in 1854, and re-elected in 1862 ; and, in
1865, he was elected a Senator in Congress from Ten-
nessee for the term ending in 1869, having taken his
seat on the last day of the first session of the Thirty-
ninth Congress, and serving, during the subsequent
session, on the Committees on Commerce, Revolution-
ary Claims, and the District of Columbia. He is the
son-in-law of President Andrew Johnson.
Fatter son, James TV, — ^He was born in Henni-
ker, Merrimack County, New Hampshire, July 2,
1823 ; was educated at Dartmouth College, gradu-
ating in 1848. From 1854 to 1859 he was a Professor
of Mathematics in Dartmouth College, after which
he was transferred to the Chair of Professor of As-
tronomy and Meteorology, in the same college, which
he still holds. From 1858 to 1861 he was a School
Commissioner from Grafton County, and at the same
time was Secretary of the Board of Education for the
State. In 1862 he served in the State Legislature,
and was elected a Representative from New Hamp-
shire to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Depart-
ment, and for the District of Columbia. In 1864 he
was appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution,
and was reappointed in 1865. Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
Foreign Affairs, and the Special Committee on the
Death of President Lincoln, and also on those on a
Bureau of Education, and Free Schools in the District
of Columbia. In June, 1866, he was elected a Sena-
tor in Congress for the term commencing in 1867 and
ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Foreign
Relations, District of Columbia, and Enrolled Bills.
He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyal-
ists' Convention " of 1866.
Patterson f Jolm, — He was a member for four
years of the Assembly of New York ; and a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1803 to
1805.
Patterson, fTohn, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Ohio from 1823 to 1825.
Pattei^son, John tTames. — He was born in
Waterloo, Juniata County, Pennsylvania, August 8,
1830 ; graduated at Jefferson College in 1848 ; was
editor of the Juniata Sentinel in 1852, and for ten years
afterwards was editor of the Harrisburg Telegra'ph ;
was engaged in banking and in the management
of railroads ; was a member of the State Legislature
in 1858, and three following years ; removed to South
Carolina in 1869 ; served in the army on the staff of
General Williams of Pennsylvania ; was elected to
the Senate of the L^nited States for the term com-
mencing in 1873 and ending in 1879, serving on the
Committees on Pensions, Territories and Education,
and Labor.
Patterson, Mohert. — Born in the North of Ire-
land, May 30, 1743 ; settled in Philadelphia in 1768 ;
became Principal of the Academy at Wilmington,
Delaware, in 1774 ; was a Brigade-Major in the Revo-
lutionary War ; Professor of Mathematics in the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania from 1779 to 1814, and was
for some time Vice-Provost. In 1805 he was made
Director of the United States Mint ; from 1819 till his
death was President of the American Philosophical
Society, to whose Transactions he was a frequent con-
tributor. He published " The Newtonian System"
in 1808; "Treatise on Arithmetic " in 1819; edited
"Ferguson's Mechanics" in 1806 ; his "Astronomy"
in 1809; "John Webster's Natural Philosophy" in
1808 ; " Ewing's Natural Philosophy " in 1809. Died
in Philadelphia, July 22, 1824. He was the father of
Robert M.
Patterson, Pobert M, — Born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania ; graduated at the University of Penn-
sylvania in 1804 ; and made M. D. , in 1808 ; edu-
cated as a chemist under Sir Humphrey Davy ;
returned to America in 1812, and was soon after
elected Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chem-
istry in the University of Philadelphia ; Professor in
the University of Virginia from 1828 to 1835 ; Direc-
tor of the United States Mint, Philadelphia, from
1835 to 1853 ; was elected a member of the Philo-
sophical Society in 1809 ; and delivered, while its
Vice-President, in 1843, "A Discourse on the Early
History of the American Philosophical Society." He
was President of the Society from 1849 to 1853. Died
in Philadelphia, September 5, 1854, aged sixty-eight
years.
Patterson, Thomas,— He was born in Lancas-
ter County, Pennsylvania ; and was a Representative
in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1825.
Patterson, Thomas eT".— He was born in New
326
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
York ; and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1843 to 1845.
Patterson f Thomas M, — Born in Carlow, Ire-
land, November 4, 1840 ; received a common-scliool
education, and spent one year at the Asbury Uni-
versity in Indiana, and one year at the Wabash Col-
lege ; up to the year 1864 he was a printer and silver-
smith ; subsequently adopted the profession of law ;
removed to Colorado, and in 1874 was appointed At-
torney for the city of Denver ; and was elected a Del-
egate from Colorado to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Patterson^ Walter, — He was born in Colum-
bia County, New York, and was a member of the As-
sembly of New York in 1818 from Columbia County ;
and a Representative in Congress from 1821 to 1823.
Patterson, IVilliain, — He was born in Mary-
land, and having settled in Ohio, was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1883 to
1838.
Patterson, JVilliam, — He was born in London-
derry, New Hampshire, June 4, 1789 ; removed to the
State of New York in 1815, and subsequently settled
in Warsaw, Genesee, now Wyoming County. He was
elected a Representative in Congress from New York
from 1837 to 1839, but died before the expiration of
his term, at Warsaw, New York, August 14, 1838.
Patton, John, — Born in Kent County, Delaware,
in 1746 ; he was an otficer in the Revolution, and
fought in nearly every battle from Long Island to
Camden ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress
from 1785 to 1786 ; and a Representative in Congress
from Delaware from 1793 to 1794, and was re-elected
in 1795, but his seat was successfully contested by H.
Latimer. He died at Dover, in June, 1801.
Patton, John, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and elected a Representative from that State to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee
on Indian Affairs.
Patton, tJohn W, — He was born in Virginia ; re-
ceived a liberal education, and adopted the profession
of law, in which he was successful ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from that State from 1830 to
1838. He died in October, 1858, in the sixty-second
year of his age. He was for some years, and at the
time of his death, Judge of the Court of Appeals.
Patton^M, M, — He was elected Governor of Ala-
bama, and remained in the office until 1868.
\
Paulding f JTaines K, — Born in Dutchess Coun-
ty, New York, August 22, 1778 ; spent his boyhood on
his father's farm ; and in 1797 he obtained a clerkship
in New York City, where he commenced, and long
continued his labors, as a man of letters. His first
book was " Salmagundi," published in 1807 ; in 1812
he issued the "History of John Bull and Brother
Jonathan," and in 1813, the " Lay of the Scotch Fid-
dle ; " in 1815 he was made Secretary of a Board of
Navy Commissioners ; in 1817 he published " Letters
from the South ; " in 1818 the "Backwoodsman ; " in
1822 " A Sketch of Old England ; " in 1824 he was ap-
pointed Navy Agent at New York ; in 1825 appeared
his "John Bull in America:" in 1831 the "Dutch-
man's Fireside ;" and in 1832 "Westward Ho." In
1838 he was appointed by President Van Buren Secre-
tary of the Navy, from which office he retired in 1841,
and spent the remainder of his life in retirement in
the county where he was born. Died April 5, 1860.
Paulding, William, Jr, — Born in Tarrytown,
Westchester County, New York, in 1769 ; was educa-
ted for the law, and engaged in a lucrative practice in
New York City. He was a Delegate to the New
York Convention for revising the State Constitution
in 1821 ; and elected a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1811 to 1813, but he was absent
from his seat during the session in which war was de-
clared, and served as General of Militia during its
prosecution. In 1823 he was chosen Mayor of New
York, after which he held no public office. He died
at Tarrytown, February 11, 1854.
Paivling, Levi, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1817 to 1819.
Payne, Henry P, — Born in Hamilton County,
New York, November 30, 1810 ; graduated at Hamil-
ton College ; studied law, and in 1834 settled in Cleve-
land, Ohio ; was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; he
was elected State Senator in 1849 and 1850 ; was for
several years a member of the City Council ; was
President of the Columbus Railroad Company, and was
identified with other important industries of the State ;
was a Candidate for the United States Senate, and
also for Governor in 1857, but was defeated ; was a
Delegate to the Charleston Convention in 1860, and to
the National Democratic Convention of 1872, having
reported the platform that was adopted ; and in 1874
he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the
Forty-fourth Congress. He was for twenty years ex-
tensively interested in the manufacturing interests of
Cleveland, and since 1862 has been President of the
Board of Sinking Fund Commissioners of that city.
Payne, Winter W, — He was born in Fauquier
County, Virginia, January 2, 1807 ; received a good
English education, and emigrated to Alabama in 1825 ;
was elected to the Alabama Legislature in 1831, and
with the exception of one year, served in that capacity
until 1840 ; and was a Representative in Congress
from Alabama from 1841 to 1847. He subsequently
returned to Warrenton, Virginia, where he settled,
devoting himself to agricultural pursuits.
Paynter, Lemuel, — He was born in Delaware,
and on removing to Pennsylvania was elected a Rep-
resentative in Congress from that State from 1837 to
1841.
Paynter, Samuel, — He was elected Governor
of Delaware in 1824, and remained in office three
years.
Peai^ce, Duttee tf, — Born in Portsmouth, Rhode
Island, in 1789, and graduated at Brown University in
1808 ; died at Newport, Rhode Island, May 9, 1849.
He was a prominent lawyer ; at one time Attorney-
General of the State, and United States District At-
torney for that District, and a Representative in Con-
gress from Rhode Island from 1825 to 1833, and again
from 1835 to 1837. He was also a Presidential
Elector in 1821. He was a graduate of Brown Uni-
versity, and served in the Legislature of Rhode
Island.
Pearce, James Ji, — He was born in Alexandria,
Virginia, December 14, 1805, although of a Maryland
family by his father's side. He graduated at Prince-
ton College with the first honors, in 1822 ; was bred to
the law, but was much engaged in the pursuits of ag-
riculture ; he was a member of the Maryland Legisla-
ture in 1831 ; a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1835 to 1839, and from 1841 to 1843 ; and
a Senator in Congress from 1843 to 1862, having served
for a number of years as Chairman of the Joint Com-
mittee on the Library. He also held the post of Pro-
fessor of Law in Washington College, Chestertown,
and was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution.
He was re-elected to the Senate for the term com-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
327
mencing March, 1863, but died at Chestertown, Mary-
land, December 20, 1862.
Pearce^ tTolm J, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress from tliat State
from 1855 to 1857.
PearsoUf tJoseph, — Born in Rowan County,
Nortb Carolina, and died at Salisbury, October 27,
1834. He was a lawyer by profession ; served two
years in the State Legislature, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress, from North Carolina from 1809 to
1815. While in Congress he fought a duel with the
Hon. John G. Jackson, the result of a political quar-
rel.
JPearsoiif Michard M, — Born in North Caro-
lina in 1805 ; graduated at Chapel Hill College in
1823 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1826 ; from
1829 to 1832 was a member of the State Legislature ;
in 1836 he was elected a Judge of the Superior Court,
and in 1848 transferred to the Supreme Court of the
State.
Pease, Calvin, — Born at Suffield, Connecticut ;
studied law with Gideon Granger, and after prac-
ticing in his native State, went to Ohio in 1800 ; was a
member of the Ohio Legislature, and was active in
forming the State Government ; from 1808 to 1810
was President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ;
and from 1816 to 1830 was Judge, and for some time,
Chief Judge of the Supreme Court, and State Senator
in 1812. Died at Warren, Ohio, September 17, 1839.
JPease^ Edivard M, — He was born in Connec-
ticut ; emigrated to Texas in 1805 ; adopted the pro-
fession of law, and was a law partner of Sam Hous-
ton ; was Governor of Texas from 1853 to 1857, and
in 1867 he was re-elected to the same office, and con-
tinued therein until 1870.
Pease f Henry R, — He was born in Connecticut,
February 19, 1835 ; received a good education ; fol-
lowed the profession of teaching for eleven years ;
studied law, and was admitted to the bar ; entered
the army as a private soldier, and was promoted to
the rank of Captain on staff duty ; was appointed in
1865 Superintendent of Education for the State of
Louisiana, while under military rule ; in 1867 Super-
intendent of the education of Freedmen in Mississippi ;
took part in the re-construction of the State ; was
elected Superintendent of Education of the State in
1869 ; edited and published the Mississippi Educa-
tional Journal, the first magazine ever devoted to pop-
ular education at the South ; was elected to the United
States Senate to fill a vacancy for the term ending in
1875, serving on the Committees on Education, and
Labor, and Enrolled Bills. Soon afterwards appoint-
ed Postmaster at Vicksburg, but was removed in No-
vember, 1875, on account of politics.
Pease, Seth, — He was born in Connecticut ; edu-
cated for the medical profession, and having removed
to Washington, was appointed in 1816 the First As-
sistant Postmaster- General, having been the first who
held that position.
Peaslee, Charles H, — ^He was born in Gilman-
town. New Hampshire, in February, 1804 ; graduated
at Dartmouth College in 1824 ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1853.
He was also a State Representative from 1833 to 1837 ;
Adjutant-General of the State from 1839 to 1847 ; and
Collector of Customs at Boston from 1853 to 1857.
Died at St. Paul, Minnesota, while on a visit there in
October, 1866.
Peck, Ebenezer, — He was born in the City of
Portland, State of Maine, on May 22, 1805 ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in the City of
Montreal, Lower Canada, in 1827 ; was twice elected
to the General Assembly of the Province of Lower
Canada ; was made King's Counsel in 1833 ; in 1835
he emigrated to Chicago, Illinois ; was elected sev-
eral times to the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of that State ; was Clerk of the Supreme
Court of Illinois for four years — from 1841 to 1845 ;
and was afterwards appointed Reporter of its de-
cisions by that Court, which office he held for more
than thirteen years from 1850, and until he was, in
1863, made one of the Judges of the Court of Claims
in Washington.
Peck, Erasmus D, — He was bom in Connecti-
cut, September 16, 1808 ; graduated at the Berkshire
Medical College in 1829 ; r^^moved to Ohio in 1830 ;
was elected a member of the Ohio Legislature in
1856 and 1858 ; was Examining Surgeon for the Army
and for Pensions ; was elected to the Forty-first Con-
gress to fill a vacancy , and was re-elected to the
Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committee on
Invalids' Pensions.
Peck, George W, — He was born in New York
about the year 1818 ; removed to Michigan, and was
a member of the Legislature of that State in 1846 and
1847, serving as Speaker during the latter year ; was
afterwards chosen Secretary of State ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Michigan from 1855 to
1857.
Peck, Henry E, — He was born in Rochester,
New York; educated for the ministry ; was appointed
a Professor in Oberlin College, Ohio ; identified him-
self with the Anti-Slavery party in 1856 ; and in 1862
he was appointed by President Lincoln, first, a Com-
missioner, and afterwards Minister Resident and
Consul-General to Hayti. Died at Port-au-Prince,
June 9, 1867, having originally gone abroad for the
benefit of his health.
Peck, IsaJiel, — He was born in Royalton, Massa-
chusetts, in 1803 ; was well educated ; and in 1874 he
was elected Governor of Vermont.
Peck, James H, — He was born in Tennessee ;
educated for the bar, and was a man of influence ; he
removed to Missouri, and was made Judge of the
United States District Court for Missouri, and died at
St. Charles, in that State, May 1, 1837.
Peck, Jared V, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1853 to 1855.
Peck, IjUcIus P, — He was born in Waterbury,
Vei-mont, in 1799 ; spent two years at the West Point
Academy ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1824 ;
served in the State Legislature, and was a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1851.
From 1853 to 1857 he was United States Attorney for
Vermont, and subsequently President of the Vermont
and Canada Railroad. Died in Lowell, Massachu-
setts, December, 1866.
Peck, Luther C, — He was born in Connecticut,
and was a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1837 to 1841.
Peckham, Pufus W, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1853 to 1855, and in 1859 he was
elected Judge of the Supreme Court.
Peden, flames ^.— He was a citizen of Florida ;
went to the Argentine Confederation as Charge
328
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
d' Affaires in 1854 ; was soon after promoted to the
rank of Minister Resident, and returned to the United
States in 1858.
JPeekf Hermanus. — He was born in Albany,
New York, and was for two years a member of the
New York Assembly, from Schenectady County, and
a Representative in Congress from New York from
1819 to 1821.
JPeery. JVilliam, — He was a Delegate from Del-
aware to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1786.
Vegraifif Jolm. — He was a native of Virginia,
and a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1818 to 1819, to fill the unexpired term of Peter-
son Goodwin.
Feirce, Henry ^1.— He was a citizen of Massa-
chusetts ; and in 1869 was appointed Minister Resi-
dent to the Sandwich Islands, and was still in office
in 1875.
Telham, Charles, — Was born in Person County,
North Carolina, March 12, 1835 ; removed to Alabama
in 1838 ; studied law ; was admitted to the bar in 1858,
and practiced until 1862, when he entered the Con-
federate service ; was elected Judge of the Tenth Ju-
dicial Circuit in 1868 ; and was elected to the Forty-
first Congress, serving on one or two Committees.
JPeltofif Guy H, — Bom at Great Barrington,
Berkshire County, Massachusetts, August 3, 1825.
His taste, from early boyhood, had inclined him to
the study of law, but it was not until he had attained
his twentieth year that he was enabled to prosecute
his plans for a professional life, having previously to
that time remained upon the homestead farm with
his father. He spent two years in the academy of his
native town, and three years in the Connecticut Lit-
erary Institute, after which he devoted one year to
teaching at Lee, Massachusetts, and at Dover Plains,
New York, employing his leisure in reading elemen-
tary works on law. He then entered a law ofiice at
Kinderhook and completed his studies, being admit-
ted to the bar in 1850. In 1851 he opened a law office
in New York City, and in 1854 was elected a Repre-
sentative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, after which
he returned to New York and resumed his profes-
sional labors.
Pendleton^ J^dmund, — Was born in Carolina
County, Virginia, September 9, 1721 ; at the age of
twenty-one was admitted to the bar ; was a member
of the House of Burgesses in 1752, and was subse-
quently Speaker of that body ; in 1764 he was one of
the Committee to memorialize the king ; was a mem-
ber of the Committee of Correspondence in 1773 ;
Presiding Magistrate and County Lieutenant of
Carolina County in 1774 ; a Delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress from 1774 to 1775 ; President of the
Virginia Conventions of 1775 and 1776 ; and drew up
the resolutions for the Declaration of Independence ;
was the opponent of Patrick Henry ; was Chairman
of the Committee of Safety ; and one of the revisers
of the Colonial laws ; in 1777 fell from his horse and
was crippled for life ; was Speaker and President of
the Chancery Court ; and in 1779 President of the
Court of Appeals ; in 1788 presided over the Conven-
tion which adopted the Federal Constitution ; was
appointed by Washington United States District
Judge for Virginia in 1789, but declined ; and pro-
tested against a war with France in 1798. He died in
Richmond, Virginia, October 23, 1803.
JPendletofif Edmund JET. — He was a Represent-
ative in Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833.
16
Pendleton, George H, — Born in Cincinnati,
Ohio, July 25, 1825 ; is a lawyer by profession ; was
a member of the State Senate of Ohio in 1854 and
1855 ; was elected a Representative from Ohio to the
Thirty-fifth, Thirty-sixth, and Thirty-seventh Con-
gresses, serving as a member of the Committee on
Military Affairs during each term. Re-elected to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Ways and Means, and as Chairman of a Special Com-
mittee on admitting cabinet officers to the floor of the
House of Representatives. In 1864 he was nomi-
nated for the office of Vice-President of the United
States, on the ticket with George B. McClellan for
President. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel-
phia " National Union Convention" of 1866. In 1869
appointed President of the Kentucky Central Rail-
road Company. His father, Nathaniel Greene Pen-
dleton, was also a Representative in Congress.
Pendleton^ Henry, — Born in Virginia about
1750 ; emigrated to South Carolina and was appointed
Judge in 1776 ; when the British overran the State
he joined the patriot forces and fought at Eutaw ;
resumed his judgeship in 1782 ; he originated the
County Court Act of South Carolina, and was one of
three judges appointed to revise the laws of the
State in 1785 ; in 1788 he was a member of the Con-
vention which ratified the Federal Constitution.
Died in South Carolina in 1789.
Pendleton f Ja^nes M, — He was born in Pen-
dleton Hill, in North Stonington, Connecticut,
January 10, 1822 ; received an academic education ;
was engaged in mercantile business and banking, in
Rhode Island ; was a member of the State Senate in
1862, 1863, 1864, and 1865 ; a Delegate to the " Nation-
al Republican Convention" of Chicago in 1868 ; Presi-
dential Elector ; and elected to the Forty-second and
Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee on
Revision of Laws.
Pendleton, John S, — He was born in Virginia;
in 1841 was appointed Charge d' Affaires to the
Republic of Chili ; was a Representative in Congress
from Virginia from 1845 to 1847, and for a second
term, ending in 1849. In 1851 he was appointed by
President Fillmore Minister Resident to the Argen-
tine Confederation, and was authorized to negotiate
with Paraguay, etc. Died in Culpepper County, Vir-
ginia, November 19, 1868.
Pendleton, Nathaniel Greene, — Born in
Savannah, Georgia, in August, 1793 ; removed with
his father to New York in his childhood ; was
educated at Columbia College ; adopted the profes-
sion of law ; was an Aid to General E. P. Gaines from
1813 to 1815 ; removed to Ohio in 1818 ; in 1825 was
elected to the Senate of Ohio, and re-elected ; and
was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from
1841 to 1843, after which he voluntarily retired from
public life. He was a man of high character and
uncommon ability, and died in Cincinnati, June 16,
1861. His father, Nathaniel, was an officer in the
Revolutionary war, a Judge, and second of General
Alexander Hamilton in his duel with Aaron Burr.
He was the father of George H. Pendleton.
Penn, Alexander 6r.— He was born in Vir-
ginia, and, having settled in Louisiana, was elected a
Representative in Congress from that State, from
1851 to 1853. Died suddenly, in Washington, May
8, 1866, while on a visit to that city. He once held a
position in the Custom-house of New Orleans.
Penn, tTohn, — Was born in Philadelphia ; was
Governor of Pennsylvania from 1763 to 1771, and
from 1773 to 1775 ; he continued in the country after
his government was ended by the Revolution, and in
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
3X'9
1777, having' refused to sign a parole, was confined
by the Whigs at Fredericksburg, Virginia. He died
in Bucks County, Penn., February, 1795. He was a
grandson of William Penn, and was called the
" American Penn."
JPenflf tfohn, — Born in Caroline County, Vir-
ginia, May 17, 1741 ; his early education was defec-
tive, but he soon overcame all obstacles, and acquired
a knowledge of law ; in 1774 he settled in North
Carolina ; and was a Delegate from North Carolina
to the Continental Congress, from 1775 to 1780, and
signed the Declaration of Independence, as well as
the Articles of Confederation. When Cornwallis in-
vaded North Carolina, he was placed in charge of
public affairs, and acquited himself with credit ; in
1784 he was appointed Receiver of Taxes ; he died
October 26, 1809.
Penn, Michard. — He was born in 1784 ; and
while his brother John was Governor of Pennsylva-
nia, he was a Member of the Council and naval officer
of the State ; he embarked for England in 1775, and
having gained the confidence of Congress by his lib-
eral course towards the government, he was intrusted
with the second petition of Congress to the King ;
after his arrival in London he was examined in the
House of Lords on the subject of American affairs.
He was afterwards a Member of Parliament. Died
in England, May 27, 1811.
I JPennimanf Ehenezer Jenckes* — He was
Dorn in Lansingburg, New York ; when thirteen years
of age he was apprenticed to the business of printing,
in the office of the New Hampshire Sentinel, at
Keene ; when eighteen years of age he purchased his
indentures, and entered upon mercantile pursuits in
the City of New York ; removed to Michigan in 1835,
and was elected a Representative, from that State, to
the Thirty-second Congress.
JPennington, Alexander C, M, — He was
born in Newark, New Jersey, in 1811 ; a lawyer by
profession ; was a Representative in Congress, from
that State, from 1853 to 1857 ; also served two years
in the State Legislature ; and subsequently settled in
the City of New York, where he died January 25,
1867, aged fifty-six years.
Pennington f I, X.— He was born in North Car-
olina and received a common-school education ; early
took an interest in the cause of education and wrote
much on the subject ; after serving for many years
in various capacities of trust and honor, he emigrated
to Dakota, and in 1874 he was appointed Governor of
that Territory.
Pennington^ William,— Be was born in New-
ark, New Jersey, in 1797 ; received a liberal educa-
tion, and adopted the profession of law ; in 1837 he
was elected Governor of New Jersey, and annually
re-elected until 1843, acting at the same time as
Chancellor of the State, ex officio, and taking a prom-
inent part in what was known as the " Broad Seal
Controversy." By President Taylor he was appointed
Governor of Minnesota Territoiy, and by President
Fillmore, a Judge to settle land claims in California,
• — both of which positions he declined to accept. In
1858, contrary to his wishes, he was elected a Repre-
sentative, from New Jerpey, to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress ; and, after the lapse of two months from
taking his seat, he was elected Speaker of the House
of Representatives. Died at Newark, New Jersey,
February 16, 1862. He had been indisposed, and
having taken an overdose of morphine, for some other
medicine, died from its effects.
Pennington, William >S^.— Born in 1775 ; was
Major of New Jersey Artillery in the Revolutionary
war; admitted to the bar in 1802 ; Member of the Legis-
lature of New Jersey ; was appointed Associate Judge
of the Supreme Court of New Jersey in 1804 ; Judge
of United States District Court from 1815 to 1826 ;
was also Chancellor of the State, and author of New
Jersey Court Reports, published from 1803 to 1816 ;
and 8vo, in 1825, He was Governor of New Jersey
from 1813 to 1815, and died at Newark, September
17, 1826. His son, William, was a Representative in
Congress.
PennyhacJcer, Isaac ^. — Born in 1806, in
Shenandoah County, Virginia ; a lawyer by profes-
sion ; was a Representative in Congress, from 1837
to 1839 ; and then Judge of the District Court of
Western Virginia, and a Senator in Congress for the
term from 1845 to 1851. He died in Washington,
District of Columbia, January 12, 1847.
Penrose, Charles P, — He was born in Penn-
sylvania, and in 1841 he was appointed Solicitor of
the Treasury of the United States, remaining in office
until 1845.
Perce, Legrand 7F".— He was born in Buffalo,
New York, June 19, 1836 ; received a good education ;
studied law at the Albany University in 1856 ; en-
tered the volunteer service in 1861 ; was appointed
Second Lieutenant of Michigan volunteers in 1861,
and Captain in 1862 ; was brevetted Major at Port
Hudson in 1863 ; was appointed Captain of United
States volunteers in 1863, and brevetted Colonel in
1865 ; settled in Mississippi, and was elected to the
Forty-first Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-
second, serving on several committees and as Chair-
man of that on Education and Labor.
Perea, Francisco, — Was born in Zadillas,
County of Bernalillo, New Mexico, January 9, 1831,
and in 1863 he was elected a Delegate, from New
Mexico, to the Thirty-eighth Congress.
PerJiam, Sidney, — Was born in Woodstock,
Oxford County, Maine, March 27, 1819 ; until his
thirty-fourth year he followed the double occupation
of farmer and teacher; in 1852 he was chosen a
member of the Maine Board of Agriculture, which
position he held for two years ; in 1855 he was a
member of the State Legislature, and officiated as
Speaker; in 1856 he was a Presidential Elector; in
1858 was elected County Clerk for Oxford County,
and re-elected in 1861 ; and in 1862 was elected a
Representative, from Maine, to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture,
and Invalid Pensions, Re-elected to the Thirty -ninth
Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Invalid Pensions. Re-elected to the Fortieth Con-
gress. In 1875 he was elected Secretary of the State
of Maine.
PerJcins, Pishop, — He was born in New Hamp-
shire, and, having settled in New York, was elected a
Representative in Congress, from that State, from
1853 to 1855.
Perkins, Elias, — He was born in Norwich, Con-
necticut, April 5, 1767 ; graduated at Yale College, in
1786 ; studied law, and, after practicing a few years,
relinquished the profession ; was a Presidential Elec«
tor in 1797 ; and was a Representative in Congress,
from Connecticut, from 1801 to 1803. He was subse-
quently chosen Judge of the Court for the County of
New London, which office he held until he became
ineligible from his advanced years ; was Mayor of
the City of New London from 1829 to 1832, when he
declined a re-election ; and he died in New London,
September 27, 1845.
330
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
J*erhinSf Jared, — He was born in New Hamp-
shire, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1851 to 1853. He also held the posi-
tion of State Councilor from 1846 to 1849 ; State
Representative in 1850 ; and died at Nashua, October
14, 1854.
JPerkinSf tfohn^ Jr, — ^He was born in Louisiana,
July 1, 1819. He graduated at Yale College in 1840,
and subsequently at the Law School of Harvard Uni-
versity ; he settled, for the practice of his profession,
in New Orleans, but his health compelled him to
travel in Europe : on his return in 1851, he was
chosen a Judge of the Circuit Court of Louisiana,
which position he held until elected to Congress in
1853, where he advocated Democratic measures, and
remained until 1855, serving on the Committee on
Foreign Affairs. Took part in the Rebellion.
J^evrill, Augustus JL. — He was born in Vir-
ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from
Ohio from 1845 to 1847.
JPerry, Senjaniiu F, — He was Provisional
Governor of South Carolina in 1865 and 1866.
Ferry, Eli, — He was born in Washington County,
New York, December 25, 1802 ; received a good
education ; commenced business as a dealer in pro-
visions, and continued it for twenty-five years ; was
a banker ; elected alderman and member of the
Assembly of the State ; in 1851 was elected Mayor of
Albany, which office he held twelve years ; and was
elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con-
gresses, serving on the Committee on Public Build-
ings and Grounds.
Perry, John J, — He was born in Portsmouth,
New Hampshire, August 2, 1811, but when a child
removed with his father. Rev. Daniel Perry, to
Oxford, Maine ; he received a common-school educa-
tion, and of his own accord spent three years at the
" Maine Wesleyan Seminary," paying for his tuition
by laboring on the farm belonging to the institution,
and also by teaching school in the winter. Having
spent three years engaged in mercantile pursuits, he
turned his attention to the law ; was admitted to the
bar at Oxford in 1844, where he has practiced his
profession ever since. He was elected to the Maine
Legislature in 1839, 1842, and 1843 ; was afterwards
for seven years Major-General of the Maine Militia ;
in 1846 and 1847, he was elected to the State Senate ;
in 1854 was elected Clerk of the Maine House of
Representatives ; and he was a Representative in
Congress from 1855 to 1857. Of late years he has
been connected with the press, as editor of the
Oxford Democrat, a paper published at Paris, Maine ;
he was elected a Representative in the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on
Territories. He was also a member of the "Peace
Congress " of 1861.
Ferry, Madison S,-
Florida from 1857 to 1861.
-He was Governor of
Ferry, 3Iatthew Calbraifh, — Bom in New-
port, Rhode Island, in 1794 ; was appointed Midship-
man in the United States Navy in 1809 ; Lieutenant
in 1813 ; Commander in 1826, and Captain in
1837. In 1819 he fixed the locality of the first settle-
ment of Liberia ; from 1821 to 1824 cruised in the
West Indies and captured several pirates ; was in the
Mediterranean from 1830 to 1833 ; and on his return
took charge of the Brooklyn Navy Yard ; then com-
manded the African Squadron ; then the Gulf Squad-
ron, and co-operated in the Siege of Vera Cruz during
the Mexican War. From 1852 to 1854 he commanded
the Japan Expedition, and negotiated an important
treaty with that power in 1854. An account of the
expedition was published in 1856 in three large
volumes. Died in New York, March 4, 1858.
Ferry, N ehemiah, — He was born at Ridge-
field, Connecticut, March 30, 1816 ; received a good
education at the West Lane Seminary ; has been
chiefly engaged in the cloth and clothing business ;
was for many years the presiding member of the
Common Council of Newark, New Jersey ; served a
number of years in the Legislature of that State ;
and was elected a Representative from New Jersey
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Revolutionary Claims, and Expenditures
on Public Buildings. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce.
Ferry, F, H, — He was a citizen of Rhode
Island, and while holding the position of Colonel at
San Domingo, was empowered in 1869 to negotiate for
the cession of that country to the United States, and
also to obtain a lease of Samana Bay.
Ferry, Thomas, — He was born in Maryland, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1845 to 1847. He was a Circuit Judge from
1851 to 1861, and from 1864 to 1871. Died in Cumber-
land, June 27, 1871, aged sixty-three years.
Fei'ry, IFilHafn, — ^He was appointed in 1790 an
Associate Justice of the United States Court for the
Territory lying South of the Ohio River.
Ferson, Thomas, — Was a Revolutionary Pa-
triot of North Carolina ; opposed the Stamp Act, and
had his estates destroyed by the Tories. He was a
Delegate to the Provincial Assembly from 1774 to
1776 ; and to the Convention which framed the State
Constitution in 1776 ; was Brigadier General of Mili-
tia in 1776 ; and represented Granville County in the
State Senate until 1814. For his liberality to the
University, a hall was erected at Chapel Hill which
bears his name. A county in North Carolina was
named for him in 1791.
Feter, Georcje, — Born in Georgetown, Mont-
gomery County, Maryland (now the District of Col-
umbia), September 28, 1779. He was educated at
private institutions and at the Georgetown College ;
entered the United States Army in 1799, and resigned
in 1809 ; served as a Major of Volunteers during the
war of 1812 ; was a Representative in Congress from
1816 to 1819, and again from 1825 to 1827 ; was elect-
ed twice to the State Legislature and also served the
public as Commissioner of Public Works for the
State of Maryland, Died in Montgomery Coimty,
Maryland, June 22, 1861.
Feter s, tTohn A, — He was born in Ellsworth,
Hancock County, Maine, October 9, 1822 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1842 ; studied law at the Harvard Law
School, and came to the bar at Bangor in 1844 ; in
1862 and 1^63 he was elected to the Senate of Maine ;
in 1864 he was elected to the House of Representa-
tives ; at the close of 1864 and also in 1865 and 1866
he was elected by the Legislature Attorney-General
of the State, and subsequently elected a Represent-
ative from Maine to the Fortieth Congress, serving
on the Committees on Public Expenditures and Pat-
ents. Re-elected to the two subsequent Congresses,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Library
and on the Judiciary Committee.
Feters, John S, — He was born in Connecticut
in 1778 ; received a good education, and was several
years in the State Legislature ; was Lieutenant-Gover-
nor from 1827 to 1831 • and Governor of Connecticut
from 1831 to 1838. Died in Hebron, April 1, 1858.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
JPeterSf John Thonij^son, — Born in Hebron,
Connecticut, October 11, 1765 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1789 ; settled in Hebron to j)ractice law in
1786 ; was appointed Collector of Revenue in the
First District in 1813 ; and Judge of the Superior
Court, May, 1818. Died at Hartford, August 28,
1834.
JPeferSf JRichard. — He was born near Philadel-
phia, August 22, 1744 ; graduated at Philadelphia
College ; was a lawyer by profession, and very suc-
cessful in his native State from the fluency with
which he spoke German. He was remarkable for his
wit, and when he accompanied the delegation from
Pennsylvania to the Six Nations, the Indians were so
delighted with his vivacity that he was formally
adopted by them into their tribes. At the commence-
ment of the Revolution he became a Captain of Vol-
unteers, but was soon transferred to the Board of
War ; with which he was connected until 1781, when
he resigned his post, and received from Congress a
vote of thanks for his services. He was a Delegate
to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1783. After
the organization of the Federal Government, Wash-
ington offered him the position of Comptroller of the
Treasury of the United States, which he declined,
but accepted that of Judge of the District Court of
Pennsylvania, which situation he occupied until his
death. Besides his duties on the bench, he was
chiefly engaged in the pursuits of agriculture and
public works ; was first President of the Company
who built the permanent bridge over the Schuylkill
at Philadelphia. In 1797 he published his experi-
ments in agriculture and improvements in American
husbandry ; was President of the Philadelphia Agri-
cultural Society, and enriched its memoirs with many
valuable communications. Died in Philadelphia,
August 21, 1828.
JPetriOf George. — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1847 to 1849.
PetrikeUy David, — He was born in Pennsylva-
nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1837 to 1841. Died January 3, 1849.
JPetteeSf John J, — He was Governor of Missis-
sippi from 1860 to 1862; was a Brigadier-General in
the Confederate service ; and was killed at the battle
of Peach Creek, Georgia, July 20, 1864.
JPettigreiv, Ehenezer, — He was a Represent-
ative in Congress from North Carolina from 1835 to
1837, and was a member of the Committee on Ex-
penses in the Navy Department.
Pettis f Spencer, — He was born in Virginia and
educated a lawyer, and, on taking up his residence
in Missouri, was elected a Representative in Congress,
where he served from 1829 to 1831. Died August 26,
1831, aged twenty-nine years, having fallen in a duel
with Major Thomas Biddle at St. Louis.
Pettis f S, Neivton, — Born in Ashtabula County,
Ohio, in 1828 ; studied law, and came to the bar in
Pennsylvania, in 1848 ; in 1861 he was appointed by
President Lincoln a Justice of the United States
Court for Colorado ; before the close of that year he
resigned, and returning to Pennsylvania, devoted his
whole attention to filling up the Union Army ; and
he was subsequently elected a Representative from
that State to the Fortieth Congress, for the unexpired
term of D. A. Finney, serving on the Committee on
Elections.
JPettitf Charles, — He was a Revolutionary pa-
triot; was a successful lawj'er, and was Secretary of
New Jersey under Governor Franklin, and continued
in that office under Governor Livingston, until called
by General Greene to the post of Assistant Quarter-
Master-General ; and at the resignation of General
Greene, was offered the position of Quarter-Master-
General, which he declined. After the peace he be-
came a merchant in Philadelphia ; was a member of
the Legislature, and author of the funding system ;
was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from
1785 to 1787 ; and an advocate for the adoption of the
Federal Constitution in the General Convention at
Harrisburg. He died in Philadelphia, September 4,
1806, aged sixty-nine years.
Pettitf John, — Born at Sackett's Harbor, Jeffer-
son County, New York, July 24, 1807 ; he received a
good education, and studied law, and removed to La-
fayette, Indiana, in 1831, where he has since resided.
He was a member of the State Legislature, United
States District Attorney, and served in the House of
Representatives in Congress, from 1843 to 1847, and
in the United States Senate from 1853 to 1855. In
1850 he was a member of the " State Constitutional
Convention," and has twice held the office of Circuit
Judge ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and in
1859 he was appointed by President Buchanan Chief
Justice of the Federal Courts of Kansas. He was
also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864.
JPettitf John JJ, — He was born in New York ;
graduated at Union College in 1839 ; studied law, and
commenced the practice of his profession in Wabash,
Indiana, in 1841. He went as United States Consul
to Maranham, Brazil, in 1850 ; and on his return, in
1853, was appointed Judge of the Upper Wabash
Circuit Court of Indiana ; and was elected to Con-
gress as a Representative of that State in 1854 ; and
was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress. He was
a member of the Joint Committee on the Library.
He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv-
ing as Chairman of the Library Committee.
JPettit, Thomas McKean, — Was a Judge
from 1797 to 1853 ; a member of the Pennsylvania
Legislature in 1830 ; Associate Judge of District Court
from 1832 to 1835 ; and President Judge from 1835 to
1845. He was the author of a discourse before the
Historical Society of Pennsylvania in 1828; and be-
fore the Philomath Society of the University of Penn-
sylvania in 1836; and "Memoirs of Robert Vaux."
In 1853 he Avas appointed Superintendent of the Phil-
adelphia Mint, but only held the office a few months.
JPeytofif JSailie, — He was born in Sumner
County, Tennessee ; received a liberal education, and
adopted the profession of law ; he was a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State from 1833 to 1837 ;
he was appointed by President Fillmore in 1849,
Minister to Chili ; was subsequently elected United
States District Attorney for Louisiana ; was for a
time settled at San Francisco, California, in the prac-
tice of his profession, but returned to his native
State. In 1861 he was a Presidential Elector for the
State of Tennessee, and subsequently served in the
Rebellion.
Peyton, Joseph H, — Born in Sumner County,
Tennessee, in 1813 ; was frequently elected to the
Senate of Tennessee ; held many other local positions
of high character ; and was a Representative in Con
gress from 1843 to 1845. He received a medical edu-
cation, but abandoned that profession for politics.
Died in Sumner County, Tennessee, November 12,
1845, having been re-elected to Congress.
Peyton, Samuel O.— Born in Bullitt County.
Kentucky, in 1804 ; received a good common-school
education ; settled in Hartford and devoted two years
332
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
to tlie duties of a clerk ; studied medicine, and gradu-
ated at Transylvania University in 1827 ; in 1835 lie
was elected to the State Legislature; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1847 to
1849 ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth and
Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving during his last term
as a member of the Committee on Public Buildings
and Grounds. Died in Hartford, Kentucky, in Jan-
uary, 1870.
Phelps, Charles E, — He was born in Guilford,
Vermont, May 1, 1833 ; removed with his parents to
Pennsylvania in 1838, and to Maryland in 1841 ; grad-
uated at Princeton College in 1852, and at the Law
School of Harvard University in 1853 ; studied law,
and came to the Maryland bar in 1855 ; in 1858 he was
elected a member of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science ; and admitted to practice
in the United States Supreme Court in 1859. During
that year he assisted in organizing the " Maryland
Guard " for municipal purposes, was chosen Captain,
afterwards Major, which latter commission he re-
signed April 19, 1861, rather than obey an order that
he deemed treasonable. In 1860 he was a member of
the City Council of Baltimore. In 1862 he was made
Lieutenant-Colonel of the Seventh Maryland Volun-
teers, promoted to the Rank of Colonel in 1863, and
honorably discharged on account of wounds in 1864,
and was soon afterwards elected a Representative
from Maryland to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving
on the Committees on the Militia, and on Naval
Affairs. He was subsequently commissioned a Brig-
adier-General for gallant conduct at the battle of
Spottsylvania. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Appropriations and
Expenses in the War Department. In 1864 he was
one of a Commission to revise the Militia Laws of
Maryland ; and was a member of the National Com-
mittee appointed to conduct the remains of President
Lincoln to Illinois.
JPhelpSf Darwin, — He was born in East Granby,
Hartford County, Connecticut ; when quite young, he
became an orphan, and went to reside mth his grand-
parents in Portage County, Ohio ; received a good
education at the Western University, and after study-
ing law in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, with his kins-
man, Walter Forward, settled in Armstrong County
in 1835 ; devoting himself to the practice of his pro-
fession. In 1855 he was elected to the State Legisla-
ture ; he was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention
of 1860 ; and in 1868, he was elected a Representa-
tive from Pennsylvania to the Forty-first Congress,
serving on the Committees on Invalid Pensions, and
Public Buildings.
Phelps, JElisha, — He was a native of Simsbury,
Connecticut ; born in November, 1779 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1800, and studied law at Litchfield.
He was several times a member of the House of Rep-
resentatives and of the Senate of his native State.
He was Speaker of the House of Representatives in
the Legislature in 1821 and 1829 ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Connecticut from 1819 to 1821,
and also from 1825 to 1829 ; was Comptroller of the
State from 1830 to 1834, and in 1835 was appointed
one of the Commissioners to revise the statutes of
Connecticut. He died at Simsbury, in April, 1847.
Phelps, James, — ^Bom at Colebrook, Connecti-
cut, January 12, 1822 ; studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1845 ; was several times a member of
the Connecticut Legislature ; was elected by the Gen-
eral Assembly one of the Judges of the Supreme
Court for the Constitutional term of eight years ; re-
elected in 1871, and in 1873 was elected a Judge of
the Supreme Court of Errors, which office he held
when elected a Representative from Connecticut to
the Forty-fourth Congress.
Launcelot Phelps.
He was the son of
Phelps, John Smith, — He was bom in Sims-
bury, Hartford County, Connecticut, December 22,
1814 ; was educated at Washington (now Trinity) Col
lege, Hartford, Connecticut, and studied law in the
office of his father, Elisha Phelps. He practiced law
a short time in his native State, and in 1837 emigra-
ted to Missouri, and settled at Springfield, Greene
County, near which town he now resides. In 1840
he was chosen by the people of Greene County to
represent them in the Legislature ; and having been
appointed Brigade-Inspector of Militia in 1841, he
has since borne the title of Major. In 1844 he was
elected Representative to the Twenty-ninth Congress,
serving in that position until the close of the Thirty-
sixth Congress, and was a member of the Select Com-
mittee of Thirty three on the Rebellious States. He
was also re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress.
He served as Colonel of Volunteers in 1861, and in
1862 was appointed by President Lincoln Military
Governor of Arkansas. He was, during the Thirty-
fifth Congress, Chairman of the Committee on Ways
and Means, and generally served on important com-
mittees. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
"National Union Convention" of 1866, and in 1867
was appointed a Commissioner to settle the War
Claims of Indiana.
Phelps, Launcelot, — He was born in Connecti-
cut, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1835 to 1839.
Phelps, Oliver, — Born in Windsor, Connecticut,
in 1749 ; received a mercantile education at Suffield,
Connecticut ; engaged in business at Granville, Massa-
chusetts ; and during the Revolution was in the Com-
missary Department of that State. In 1788, he pur-
chased, with Nathaniel Gorham, of the State of
Massachusetts, a tract of two million two hundred
thousand acres of land, in the Genesee Country,
New York, now the Counties of Steuben and Ontario.
He opened the first land office in America, at Canan-
daigua, and his system became the model for all sub-
sequent surveys. In 1795, he was one of the pur-
chasers of the Western Reserve, in Ohio; comprising
three million three hundred thousand acres. He
afterwards removed to Canandaigua, and represented
that district in Congress from 1803 to 1805 ; and was
a Judge of the Circuit Court. His principal associate
in the Western Reserve purchase, was one William
Hart. He had a son who was a member of the New
York Legislature from Ontario County in 1834, and
as a man of enterprise, his reputation was very
extensive. He died in Canandaigua, February 21,
1809.
Phelps, Samuel S, — He was born in Litchfield,
Connecticut, May 13, 1793, and died March 25, 1855 ;
in Middlebury, Vermont. He graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1^11, and while studying law in 1812, he en-
tered the American army, and before the close of his
military career was appointed Paymaster. He settled
in Middlebury, and practiced law. In 1827 he was a
member of the Council of Censors, and wrote the ad-
dress issued by that body. In 1831 he was chosen a
member of the Legislative Council of Vermont, and
was soon afterwards appointed Judge of the Supreme
Court of the State, in which position he remained
until 1838. He was a Senator in (Congress from 1839 to
1851, in which body he displayed abilities of a high
order. In January, 1853, he was appointed to the
Senate in the place of William Upham, deceased, and
served until October, 1854.
Phelps, Timothy G, — He was born in New
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
333
York, and, removing to California, was elected a
Representative from that State to the Thirty-seventh
Congress.
FhelpSf William Walter^ — He was born in
New York, August 24, 1839 ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1860 ; pursued his studies in Europe, and later
at Columbia College, New York ; entered upon the
practice of law ; was a Director of the National City,
and Second National Banks of New York, the United
States Trust, and Farmers' Loan and Trust Com-
panies ; also in various Railroad Companies ; he was
made Fellow of Yale College in 1872, and elected to
the Forty-third Congress.
Phelps, William IfF.— Hewas born in Oakland
County, Michigan, June 1, 1826 : he graduated at the
University of Michigan in 1846 ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1848 ; and edited a Demo-
cratic newspaper, in Oakland County, from 1851 to
1855. In 1852 and 1853 he held the office of Commis-
sioner for his native county, performing the duties of
Judge at Chambers; in 1854 he was appointed by
President Pierce, Register of the United States Land
Office at Red Wing, in Minnesota ; and in 1857 he
was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress from that State, and was a member of the Com-
mittee on Mileage. In 1860 he assumed the editor-
ship of the Bed Wing Sentinel.
Philips f John Finis,— Bom in Boone County,
Missouri, December 31, 1834; was educated at the
State University of Missouri and Centre College in
Kentucky, graduating at the latter institution in 1855 ;
studied law, and began to practice in Georgetown,
Missouri, in 1857 ; was a member of the State Con-
vention in 1860 to determine the relations of the
State and Federal Government ; served the Govern-
ment as Colonel of a Regiment of Cavalry through-
out the whole civil war ; a part of the time was
Brigadier Commander, and was promoted to Briga-
dier-General in 1864 l3y the Governor, but refused
confirmation by the State Senate on political grounds ;
at the close of the war resumed the practice of law ;
in 1868 he was a Delegate to the National Conven-
tion at New York, and on his return home was nomi-
nated for Congress, but was defeated through mob
violence ; in 1874 was elected a Representative from
Missouri to the Forty-Fourth Congress.
Phillips f Henry M,—Re was born in Pennsyl-
vania, elected a Representative from that State to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Com-
mittee on Finance.
Phillips f John, — Born in Boston, Massachusetts,
November 26, 1770 ; graduated at Harvard Univer-
sity in 1788 ; studied law, and at an early age was ap-
pointed Attorney for Suffolk County ; during the last
twenty years of his life he was a member of the State
Senate, and from 1813 to 1823 President of that body ;
in 1809 he was made Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas ; and a member of the State Constitutional Con-
vention in 1820 ; he was the first Mayor of Boston,
serving from 1822 to 1823. Died at Boston, May 29,
1823.
Phillips f John, — He was born in Chester
County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1821 to 1823.
Phillips f Philip, — He was born in Charleston,
South Carolina, December 13, 1807, and was educated
at the Norwich Military Academy, in Vermont, and
at Middletown, Connecticut. In 1825 he commenced
the study of law in Charleston, and on the day after
attaining his majority was admitted to the bar. He
entered public life by becoming a member of the
"Nullification Convention" in 1832, and voted with
the minority ; in 1834 he was elected, for two years,
to the State Legislature ; in 1835 he resigned ; re-
moved to Mobile, Alabama, and practiced his profes-
sion with success ; in 1837 he was elected President
of the Alabama " Democratic State Convention ; " in
1844 was elected to the Legislature, and was Chair-
man of the Committee on Federal Relations ; in 1849
was President of an " Internal Improvement Conven-
tion ;" in 1851 was again elected to the Legislature ;
in 1852 went to the "Baltimore Convention;" and
was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama,
from 1853 to 1855, and declined a re-election. Since
that time he has practiced his profession in Wash-
ington City.
Phillips f Stephen Clarendon, — He was born
in Salem, Massachusetts, November 1, 1801 ; gradu-
ated at Harvard University in 1819, with high honors ;
began to study law, but soon became a merchanx.
From 1824 to 1829, by annual re-elections, he was
chosen a Representative to the State Legislature from
Salem ; from 1830 to 1831 he was State Senator, and
in 1832 and 1833 was again a member of the House.
From 1834 to 1838 he worthily represented Massachu-
setts in Congress. From December, 1838, to March,
1842, he was Mayor of Salem, and upon his voluntary
retirement devoted the whole of his salary as Mayor
to the public schools of the city. In 1840 he was one
of the Presidential Electors for Massachusetts, and
in 1848 and 1849 was the Free-soil Candidate for Gov-
ernor. He held various State and yjrivate trusts, in
the discharge of which, by his ability, sagacity, ex-
perience, and integrity, he rendered signal service.
He was for many years member of the State Board
of Education, and a Trustee of the State Lunatic
Hospital at Worcester. He retired from public life
in 1849, and was extensively engaged in the lumber-
ing business. He was lost by the burning of the
steamer Montreal, on the St. LaAvrence River, June
26, 1857, while returning from Quebec, whither he
had been on business to Three Rivers, the head-quar-
ters of his operations in Canada.
Phillips f William A, — He was born in Paisley,
Scotland, January 14, 1826 ; came to the United States
in 1838 ; practiced law and edited a newspaper until
1855 ; went to Kansas as a writer for the New York
Tribune; entered the army as Major in 1861 ; com-
manded an Indian regiment during the war in the
West ; was a member of the State Legislature of
Kansas ; and was elected to the Forty-third Congress
and re-elected to the Forty-fourth, serving on the
Committee on Public Lands.
PhillipSf William F, — He was born in Vir-
ginia, and was appointed from that State in 1853, the
Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, remaining in office
until 1857.
Philson, Pohert, — He was born in Donegal,
Ireland, and was a Representative in Congress, from
Pennsylvania, from 1819 to 1821.
Phoenix, J, Phillips, — He was born in Morris-
town, New Jersey ; was for many years a leading
merchant in New York City ; served several years in
the Councils of the city ; was a Representative in
Congress, from New York, from 1843 to 1845 ; a
member of the State Assembly in 1848, from New
York City; and again in Congress, from 1849 to 1851,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce.
In 1841 he was also a Presidential Elector. Died
suddenly in New York, May 4, 1859, at an anvanced
age.
Pickens, Andrew J, — He was born at Paxton,
Pennsylvania, September 19, 1739, and removed with
334
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
his father, in 1752, to the Waxsaw Settlement, in
South Carolina ; he served as a volunteer in Grant's
expedition against the Cherokees, and was an active
military partisan during the Revolution. He was a
member of the State Legislature from the close of
the war until 1798, when he was elected a Represent-
ative in Congress, from 1793 to 1795. In 1795 he
was commissioned Major-General of the South Caro-
lina Militia, and was frequently a Commissioner to
treat with the Indians. It was his son, and not him-
self, who was Governor of the State, from 1816 to
1817. He died in Pendleton District. South Carolina,
August 17, 1817.
PickenSf Francis W, — Born at Togadoo, St.
Paul's Parish, South Carolina, April 7, 1807 ; educated
at South Carolina College ; admitted to the bar in 1829,
and began to practice in Edgefield District ; in 1832
he was a member of the Legislature, and took part in
the Nullification excitement. He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from 1835 to 1845 ; and in 1836 made
a speech opposing the right of Congress to abolish
slavery in the District of Columbia. In 1844 he was
elected to the State Senate ; was a member of the
Nashville Southern Convention in 1850 and 1851 ;
presided over the State Convention in 1854; was a
delegate to the Convention at Cincinnati in 1856 ; was
Minister to Russia from 1857 to 1860 ; and when
South Carolina seceded from the Union he was chosen
Governor of the State. He demanded the surrender
of Fort Sumter by General Anderson, and took an
active part in the Rebellion. He was a planter, and
gave much attention to scientific agriculture. He
died at Edgefield, January 25, 1869.
JPicTcenSf Israel, — Born in Cabarus County,
North Carolina ; served one year in the State Legis-
lature ; was a Representative from that State in
Congress, from 1811 to 1817, in which year he was
appointed Register of the Land Office of Mississippi
Territory ; on removing to Alabama, he was elected
Governor of that State in 1821, and in 1826 was a
Senator in Congress from Alabama.
JPicJcerinfff tfoJin, — Born at Newington, New
Hampshire, September 22, 1737 ; graduated at Har-
vard University in 1761 ; was a lawyer and jurist ; a
member of the Convention which framed the Constitu-
tion of New Hampshire ; in 1787 was elected a mem-
ber of the Convention which framed the Federal Con-
stitution, but declined ; he was a Judge of the Su-
preme Court of New Hampshire from 1790 to 1795 ; and
was at one time Chief Justice ; he was subsequently
Judge of the United States District Court for New
Hampshire ; but his reason became impaired and he
was removed from office in 1804. He died at Ports-
mouth, April 11, 1805.
JPickering, Thnothy, — Was born in Salem,
Massachusetts, July 17, 1745 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1763, and, after the usual course of pro-
fessional studies, was admitted to the practice of
law. When the dissensions between the mother
country and our own commenced, he soon became the
champion and leader of the Whigs of the quarter
where he lived. He was a member of the Committees
of Inspection and Correspondence, and bore the en-
tire burden of writing. The addresses which, in
1774, the inhabitants of Salem, in full town meeting,
voted to Governor Gage, on the occasion of the Bos-
ton Port Bill, proceeded from his pen. A part of
it, disclaiming any wish on the part of the inhabi-
tants of Salem to profit by the closing of the port of
Boston, is quoted by Dr. Ramsay, in his history of
the American Revolution. In April, 1775, on receiv-
ing intelligence of the battle of Lexington, he
marched with a regiment of which he was at the
time commander, to Charlestown, but had not an op-
portunity of coming to action. Before the close of
the same year, when the provisional government was
organizing, he was appointed one of the Judges of
the Court of Common Pleas for Essex, his native
county ; and sole Judge of the Maritime Court for the
Middle District, comprehending Boston, Salem, and
the other ports in Essex. Thes^e offices he held until
he accepted an appointment in the army. In 1777 he
was named Adjutant General, by Washington, and
joined the army, then at Middlebrook, New Jersey.
He contintted with the Commander-in-Chief until the
American forces went into winter quarters at Valley
Forge, having been present at the battles of Brandy-
wine and Germantown. He then proceeded to dis-
charge the duties of a member of the Continental
Board of War, to which he had been elected by Con-
gress. In this station he remained until he was ap-
pointed to succeed General Greene in the office of
Quartermaster-General, which he retained during the
residue of the war, and in which he contributed much
to the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. From
1790 to 1794 he was charged by President Washing-
ton, with several negotiations with the Indian nations
on our frontiers. In 1791 he was also made Postmas-
ter-General ; and in 1794 removed from that station
to the Secretaryship of War, on the resignation of
General Knox. In 1795 he was appointed Secretary
of State in the place of Edmund Randolph. From
that office he was removed by President Adams, in
1800. At the end of the year 1801 he returned to
Massachusetts. In 1803 the Legislature of that State
chose him a Senator to Congress, for the residue of
the term of Dwight Foster, who had resigned ; and
in 1805 re-elected him to the same station for the term
of six years. After its expiration in 1811, he was
chosen by the Legislature a member of the Execu-
tive Council, and during the war of 1812 he was ap-
pointed a member of the Board of War for the de-
fense of the State. In 1814 he was returned to Con-
gress, and held his seat until March, 1817. He then
finally retired to private life. His death took place
January 29, 1829. In public life he was distinguished
for energy, ability, and disinterestedness ; as a soldier
he was brave and patriotic ; and his writings bear am-
ple testimony to his talents and information. He was
one of the leaders of the Federal party of the United
States. In 1867 his life was published by his son
Octavius.
JPicTcering f William, — He was born in Eng-
land ; emigrated to Illinois ; and in 1861 he was ap-
pointed from that State Governor of the Territory* of
Washington, residing at Olympia, serving in office
until 1867.
JPickettf James C, — Was born in Fauquier
County, Virginia, February 6, 1793 ; removed with
his parents to Mason County, Kentucky, in 1796 ; re-
ceived a superior education ; and was fitted for public
service at an early age ; in the war of 1812 he was an
officer in the United States Artillery ; served also in
the army from 1818 to 1821 ; resigned, and returned
to Mason County, where he commenced the practice
of law ; was editor of the Maysville Eagle in 1815 ; was
a member of the Legislature in 1822 ; Secretary of the
State from 1825 to 1828 ; was Secretary of Legation to
Colombia from 1829 to 1833 ; a portion of that time
acting as Charge d' Affaires ; was Commissioner of the
United States Patent Office in 1835 ; Fourth Auditor
of the Treasury from 1835 to 1838 ; Minister to Ecua-
dor in 1838 ; Charge d'Affaires to Peru from 1838 to
184o ; and was for a few years editor of the Congres-
sional Olohe, at Washington ; in which city he died
July 10, 1872.
JPickeftf John C, — He was born in Virginia, and
in 1836 he was appointed Fourth Auditor of the
Treasury, remaining in office until 1838.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
335
r
JPicJcfn aUf Benjamin, — He was born in 1763 ;
graduated at Cambridge in 1784 ; visited Europe, and
on liis return studied law, and though admitted to
the bar, abandoned that profession, devoting himself
to mercantile pursuits. In 1800 he was elected to the
State Legislature, and re-elected a number of years to
the State Senate ; in 1807 he became a member of the
Executive Council ; was a Representative in Congress
from 1809 to 1811, and in 1820 was a member of the
Convention for revising the State Constitution. He
also held many other offices of trust and honor, and
died at Salem, Massachusetts, in August, 1843.
Pierce f JBenJamin, — Born at Chelmsford, Mas-
sachusetts, December 25, 1757 ; his early years were
spent on a farm ; joined the Revolutionary army after
the battle of Lexington, and remained in it through
the war ; he was at Bunker Hill, and Bemis
Heights ; and served as Ensign, Lieutenant, and Brig-
adier-General. From 1789 to 1802 was a member of
the General Council ; Chancellor from 1803 to 1809,
and again from 1814 to 1818 ; was High Sheriff from
1809 to 1814, and again from 1818 to 1823 ; was Gov-
ernor from 1827 to 1829. Died at Hillsborough, New
Hampshire, April 1, 1839. He was the father of
Franklin Pierce, United States President.
PiercBf Benjamin, — Born in Salem, Massachu-
setts, April 4, 1809 ; graduated at Harvard University
in 1829 ; after teaching school in Northampton, he
was appointed tutor in mathematics at Cambridge in
1831 ; Professor of Mathematics and natural philoso-
phy in 1833 ; and was Perkin's Professor of Astrono-
my from 1842 to 1847 ; and also Consulting Astrono-
mer to " The American Ephemeris and Nautical
Almanac " since its establishment in 1849, was a mem-
ber of the Royal Society of London, from 1852 ; Presi-
dent of the American Institution for the advancement
of Science in 1853 ; and one of the Council which es-
tablished Dudley Observatory in 1855; Superintendent
of the United States Coast Survey 1867 to 1874. He
was a contributor to several scientific journals ; pub-
lished several valuable text-books from 1836 to 1846 ;
" Treatise on Analytic Mechanics ; " "Associative Al-
gebra ; " " Theory of the Tails of Comets ; " methods
of investigating terrestrial longitudes in the "Report
of the Superintendent of Coast Survey ; ' ' also
"Criterion for the Rejection of Doubtful Observa-
tions." He discovered and announced the fluidity of
Saturn's rings in 1851 ; and prepared a volume of lu-
nar tables for the Nautical Almanac. Received the
degree of LL.D. from the University of North Caro-
lina in 1847.
Pierce f Charles W, — He was born in New
York in 1823 ; was a Lieutenant in the Illinois Volun-
teers soon after the commencement of the Rebellion ;
settled in Alabama in 1867 ; and in 1868, was elected
a Representative from that State to the Fortieth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on the Interior De-
partment.
PiercCf Fra^jMin. — Was born in the town of
Hillsborough, New Hampshire, in 1804, and after
completing his academical studies, entered Bowdoin
College, Maine. On leaving college he commenced
his legal studies at Northampton, Massachusetts, but
subsequently returned to his native State, and fin-
ished his studies at Amherst. He was admitted to
the bar, and commenced the practice of his profes-
sion in his native town ; but before the end of two
years he was elected a Representative in the State
Legislature, and during his second year's service was
chosen Speaker of the House. In 1833 he was elected
to Congress, and remained a member of the House of
Representatives four years. In 1837 he was elected
a member of the United States Senate, but, after five
years' service in that body, resigned his seat. He
settled in Concord, and resumed his practice at the
bar. He adhered to his resolution of accepting no
political office, declining to be a candidate for Gov-
ernor of the State, or United States Senator, and re-
fusing the offices of Attorney-General and Secretary
of War, which were tendered him by President Polk.
On the breaking out of the Mexican war, however, he
enrolled himself as a private soldier in the Nev/ Eng-
land Regiment, but President Polk sent him a Colo-
nel's commission, and subsequently raised him to the
rank of Brigadier-General, in March, 1847. He was
in most of the battles which were fought between
Vera Cruz and the City of Mexico. On the restora-
tion of peace between the two countries, he resigned
his commission and returned home, where he re-
mained, comparatively unobserved, until the action
of the Baltimore " Democratic Convention" gave him
a new importance throughout the Union. He was
nominated by that body as the Democratic candidate
for the Presidency. He was elected President of the
United States in November, 1852 ; was inaugurated
March 4, 1853, and served to the end of his term, af-
ter which he retired to private life. The best bi-
ography of him was written by his personal friend,
Nathaniel Hawthorne. Died at Concord, New Hamp-
shire, October 8, 1869.
Pierce f Henry Lillie, — He was born in Stough-
ton, Massachusetts, August 23, 1825 ; received a
thorough English education ; was a manufacturer ; a
member of the State House of Representatives in
1860, 1861, 1862, and 1866 ; an alderman of the city
of Boston in 1870 and 1871 ; Mayor in 1873 and was
elected to the Forty-third Congress to fill a vacancy,
and re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress, serving
on the Committee on Levees.
Pier^cCf tloseph, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New Hampshire during the years 1801
and 1802.
PiercCf William, — He served in the Revolu-
tionary War as an Aid-de-camp to General Greene,
and for his services a sword was presented to him by
the old Congress ; he was a Delegate from Georgia
to the Continental Congress, and a member of the
Convention which formed the Federal Constitution.
While in Congress, he wrote his impressions of the
men who served in that body, which were long after-
wards published in a Savannah paper, copies of which
are to be found in the library of Peter Force, of Wash-
ington.
Pierpontf Francis M, — He was a native of
Virginia, and Governor of the State from 1864 to
1868.
Pierrepontf Edtvards, — Born in North Haven,
Connecticut, March 4, 1817 ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1837, and at New Haven Law School ; prac-
ticed law in Columbus, Ohio, from 1840 to 1845, and
subsequently in New York City, where he became
eminent in his profession. He was Judge of the New
York Supreme Court from 1857 to 1860 ; in 1862 he
Avas made a member of the Military Commission for
the trial of prisoners of State ; was a member of the
State Constitutional Convention of 1867 ; United States
Attorney for the Southern District of New York from
1869 to July, 1870 ; was a Democrat in 1861, but be-
came a Republican, and supported the re-election of
Mr. Lincoln ; also aided in the election of General
Grant ; and was appointed by him Attorney-General
of the United States, May 15, 1875. He was one of
the prosecuting counsel in the trial of Surratt ; did
much by his pen to expose the corruptions of the
Government; was an active member of the "Com-
mittee of Seventy ; " and was for several years iden
tified with the Texos nnd Pacific Railroad.
336
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Piersoiif Isaac. — ^He was born August 15, 1770,
and died September 22, 1833, in New Jersey. He was
educated at Princeton College, graduating in 1789,
and was subsequently a fellow of tlie College of Sur-
geons and Physicians of New York. He practiced
medicine for forty years ; and was a Eepresentative
in Congress from New Jersey from 1827 to 1831.
Pier son f tferemiah H, — He was born in Essex
County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1821 to 1823.
JPiersoflf tfoh. — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York from 1831 to 1835. Died April
9, 1860, aged sixty-nine years.
JPiersoUf Thomas J5. — He was born in New
Jersey in 1800 ; educated for the law ; devoted much
attention to local politics ; and was twice appointed a
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Essex Coun-
ty. Died at Newark, August 4, 1866.
JPikef Austin F, — He was born October 16, 1819 ;
received a good education ; studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1845 ; was a member of the New
Hampshire House of Representatives in 1850, 1851,
1852, 1865, and 1866, and Speaker during the last
two years ; was a member of the New Hampshire
Senate in 1857 and 1858, and President one year ;
was chairman of the Republican State Committee in
1858 and 1859 ; Delegate to the Philadelphia Con-
vention in 1856, and was elected to the Forty-third
Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expen-
ditures.
Pikef Frederick A, — Born in Calais, Maine,
where he always resided ; was for several years a
member of the Maine Legislature, serving one term
as Speaker of the House of Representatives. He
adopted the profession of law, and was for several
years Attorney for the county in which he lived. He
was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thir-
ty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on
Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Ex-
penditures in the State Department, and a member of
the Committee on Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on his old Committees,
and as Chairman of the Committee on Expenses in
the State Department. He was also a member of the
National Committee appointed to accompany the re-
mains of President Lincoln to Illinois, and Chairman
of the Special Committee on the Murders in South
Carolina. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving
on the Committee on Reconstruction, as well as on
his old Committees.
FihCf fTames, — He was born in Salisbury, Mas-
sachusetts, in November, 1818 ; was educated at the
Wesleyan University, in Connecticut ; was a minister
in the Methodist Episcopal Church from 1841 to 1854 ;
and was elected a Representative from New Hamp-
shire in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con-
gresses, and was a member of the Committee on En-
rolled Bills.
FiJcCy tfamee S, — He was a citizen of Maine, and
in 1861 was appointed Minister Resident to Mexico,
where he remained until 1866.
3
FikCf Zebulon Montgomery, — Was born in
Lamberton, New Jersey, January 5, 1779 ; in 1799
was appointed Cadet in the regiment of his father
(who was an officer in the United States Army) ; First
Lieutenant in the same year ; Captain in 1806 ; his
skill in mathematics and the languages, gained him
an appointment to conduct an expedition to trace the
head sources of the Mississippi, after the purchase of
Louisiana. He performed this service satisfactorily,
and in 1806 was engaged in the geographical explora-
tions of Louisiana, during which, being on Spanish
Territory, he, with his party, was taken to Santa Fe,
and after a seizure of his papers and a long examina-
tion, he was escorted home, and arrived in Natchi-
toches, July 1, 1807 ; he received the thanks of the
Government, and was made Major of the Sixth In-
fantry in 1808 ; Lieutenant-Colonel of Fourth Infan-
try in 1809 ; deputy Quartermaster-General in 1812 ;
Colonel of Fifteenth Infantry in 1812 ; Brigadier-
General in 1813 ; and was assigned to the principal
Army as Adjutant and Inspector-General, and was
selected to command an expedition against York, the
capital of Upper Canada. Landing under a heavy
fire, he charged the enemy in person and put them
to flight, carried one battery by assault, and was mov-
ing to attack the main works, when the explosion of
the British magazine mortally wounded him. He
died near Toronto, April 37, 1813.
File, TVilliam A, — He was bom near Indianap-
olis, Indiana, February 11, 1829 ; received a good
English and classical education ; was a clergyman of
the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a member of
the Missouri Conference at the commencement of the
Rebellion. In 1861 he joined the Missouri Volun-
teers as Chaplain. In 1862 he had command of a
battery of Artillery as Captain ; was soon afterwards
promoted to the rank of Colonel of Infantry, and in
1863 he was appointed a Brigadier-General of United
States Volunteers. He was in the Missouri campaign
under General Lyon ; with Generals Grant and Hal-
leck at Corinth ; also at Vicksburg and near Mobile,
and his command was the first to break the enemy's
line at the capture of Fort Blakely. In 1866 he was
elected a Representative from Missouri to the For-
tieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Union
Prisoners and Military Affairs, and as Chairman of
the Committee on Expenditures in the Post-Office
Department. In 1869 he was appointed Governor of
New Mexico ; and in 1871 he was appointed Minister
Resident to Venezuela.
Filsbnryif Timothy, — ^He was bom in New-
bury, Massachusetts, April 12, 1789 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; spent two years as a clerk in
a store, and several subsequent years as a sailor and
coasting trader, making one trip to Europe as captain
of a brig ; settled in Maine, was appointed a member
of the Executive Council ; also served in the State
Legislature ; went from Maine to Ohio, thence to
Louisiana, and finally to Texas ; he served a number
of years in the Senate and House of Representatives
of Texas ; and, when that Republic came into the
Union, he was elected a Representative in Congress
from 1846 to 1849. He died near Danville, Texas,
November 23, 1858.
Finckney, Charles, — Bom in Charleston, South
Carolina, in 1758 ; was a patriot in the Revolutionary
struggle ; was taken prisoner, and sent to St. Augus-
tine, Florida ; served in the Provincial Legislature ;
was a member of the Provincial Congress in 1785 ;
received the degree of LL. D. from Princeton College
in 1787 ; and in the same year was a Delegate to the
Convention which framed the Constitution of the
United States, and signed that instrument. He was
President of the State Convention which ratified the
Federal Constitution ; and Governor of South Carolina
from 1789 to 1792, and from 1796 to 1798. He was a
Senator in Congress from 1798 to 1801, and was ap-
pointed, in 1801, Minister to Spain, by President Jef-
ferson, holding that position till 1805. He was sub-
sequently a Representative in Congress from 1819 to
1821 ; served in the State Legislature in 1810 and
1812 ; and died October 29, 1824.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
337
Pinvkneyf Charlies Cotesworth, — Born in
Charleston, South Carolina, February 25, 1746; edu-
cated at Westminster and Oxford, England ; read law
at the Temple, London ; and passed nine months in
the Royal Military Academy, Caen, France ; in 1769
he established himself in Charleston, South Carolina,
for the practice of law ; was a member of the first
Provincial Congress of South Carolina in 1775 ; was a
Captain, and soon after Colonel of the First South
Carolina Regiment ; after the successful defense of
Fort Moultrie, he joined the Northern army, and was
an Aid to Washington at Brandywine and German-
town ; in 1778 he took part in the expedition to Flor-
ida ; in 1779 he was President of the South Carolina
Senate, He defended Charleston against General
Provost ; and distinguished himself during the inva-
sion of Georgia and Savannah ; and was made prison-
er in 1780 at the surrender of Charleston ; after the
war, he resumed the practice of law ; was a member
of the Convention which framed the Federal Consti-
tution ; and declined successively the positions of
Judge of United States Supreme Court, Secretary of
War, and Secretary of State, tendered him by Wash-
ington. He was Major-General of State Militia, and
in 1796, Minister to France ; but he was ordered to
quit the French Territory, by the French Directory,
who would not receive conciliatory propositions from
the United States, and he withdrew to Amsterdam in
1797 ; on his return home he was made a Major-Gen-
eral by Washington ; and was candidate for the
Vice Presidency in 1800. He was the author of the
famous sentiment: " Millions for defense, but not a
cent for tribute." He died in Charleston, August 16,
1825.
JPincJcnei/f Henry Laurens, — Born in
Charleston, September 24, 1794 ; graduated at South
Carolina College in 1812 ; studied law with his broth-
er-in-law, Robert Y. Hayne ; was admitted to the bar ;
was a member of the Legislature from 1816 to 1832 ;
Mayor of Charleston in 1832, and in 1889 and 1840 ;
was a Representative in Congress from South Caroli-
na from 1833 to 1837, and subsequently Collector of
the Port, and a member of the Legislature ; was edi-
tor of the Charleston Mercury in 1819, and a promi-
nent leader in the State Rights party. He was the
author of "Memoirs of Jonathan Maxey," "Robert
Y. Hayne," and '* Andrew Jackson." He was the son
of Governor Charles Pinckney. Died in Charleston,
February 3, 1863.
Pinckney, Thomas, — Born in Charleston,
South Carolina, October 23, 1750 ; was educated in
England with his brother Charles ; studied law in the
Temple ; and was admitted to the bar in 1770 ; join-
ing the Continental army, he rose to the rank of Ma-
jor ; served as Aid to Gen. Lincoln ; and afterwards
to Count D'Estaing, at the siege of Savannah in 1779 ;
distinguished himself in the battle at Stono Ferry, and
was Aid to General Gates at Camden in 1780. Dur-
ing Washington's administration he was offered the
position of Judge of the United States Court, which
he declined ; was Minister to Great Britain from 1792
to 1794 ; and in the latter year went on a mission to
Spain, where he made the treaty of St. Ildefonso,
securing to the United States the free navigation of
the Mississippi ; in 1796 he returned to Charleston ;
and was elected a Representative in Congress from
1799 to 1801 ; in 1812 President Madison appointed
him to the command of the Sixth Military District ;
and his last field-service was at the battle of Horse-
Shoe Bend, where the power of the Creeks was bro-
ken. He was Governor of South Carolina from 1787
to 1789. Died in Charleston, November 2, 1828.
Pindallf James, — He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1817 to 1820, when he resigned.
22
Finliney , William, — Born in Annapolis, Mary-
land, March 17, 1764. Having prepared himself for
the bar, under the instruction of Judge Chase, he was
admitted to practice in 1786, and immediately gave
promise of high distinction. He was a member of
the Convention which ratified the Federal Constitu-
tion, and from 1789 to 1792 was a Representative in
Congress ; and then a member of the Executive Coun-
cil, and made its President. In 1795 he was a mem-
ber of the State Legislature. In 1796 he was a Com-
missioner under Jay's Treaty, in conjunction with Mr.
Gore, and remained in London eight years. He re-
covered for Maryland a claim on the Bank of Eng-
land for $800,000. In 1806 he was Envoy Extraordi-
nary to England, and in 1808, on the return of Mr.
Monroe, was made Minister Plenipotentiary. He re-
turned to the United States, and settled in Baltimore
in 1811, and was soon after a member of the State
Senate. In December, 181 1, he was appointed Attor-
ney-General, and remained in that position until
1814. He commanded a battalion of riflemen, and
was wounded at Bladensburg, in August, 1814. He
was a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1816,
and then made Minister to Russia, and Envoy to Na-
ples. On his return, in 1819, he was elected a mem-
ber of the United States Senate, and continued in
that station until his death, February 25, 1822. He
possessed splendid talents, and was one of the most
accomplished orators and statesmen of his time.
JPipeVf William, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1811 to 1813.
PipeVf William A, — Born in Franklin County,
Pennsylvania, in 1825 ; at the outbreak of the Mexi-
can war he volunteered in the military ser-vice and
acquitted himself with credit as a soldier ; he re-
moved to California in 1849, while it was yet a Terri-
tory, and having settled in San Francisco has been
ever since identified with that city and the State of
California as a lawyer and a man of business ; he was
elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
Pitcher f Nathaniel. — He was born at Litch-
field, Connecticut ; and was a member of the New
York Legislature in 1806, 1815, 1816, and 1817 ; a
Delegate to the " State Constitutional Convention " of
1821 ; in 1828 he was Lieutenant-Governor and Acting
Governor of the State ; subsequently Commissioner
to survey the State roads ; and a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1819 to 1823, and
again from 1831 to 1833.
Pitkin f Thnothy, — Born in Farmington, Con-
necticut, in 1765, and graduated at Yale College in
1785. He was for several years a member of the
State Legislature, and Speaker of the House during
five sessions ; and a Representative in Congress from
1805 to 1819. In 1816 he published a " Statistical
View of the Commerce of the United States," and. in
1828 his "Political and Civil History of the United
States from 1763 to the Close of Washington's Ad-
ministration." He died in New Haven, December 18,
1847.
Pitkin^ William, — Born in Middlesex, , Eng-
land, in 1664 ; was appointed Chief Justice of Con-
necticut in 1713. Died at Hartford, Connecticut,
April 5, 1723.
Pitkin f JVilliam, — Was a native of Connecti-
cut ; was a member of the Council in 1734 ; appointed
Judge of the State in 1741 ; and Lieutenant-Governor
and Chief Justice from 1754 to 1766 ; in 1754 was one
of the Delegates to the Convention at Albany ; and
one of the Committee appointed to prepare the plan
of Union, which was adopted. He was Governor of
338
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Connecticut from 1766 to 1769. Died in East Hart-
ford, Connecticut, October 1, 1769.
Pitinan, Charles TV. — He was born in New
Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania from 1849 to 1851.
JPltman, John, — He was born in Rhode Island,
in 1784 ; was for forty years Judge of tlie United
States District Court in that State ; and died in Provi-
dence, November 17, 1864.
JPlaistedf Harris M, — Born in Jefferson, New
Hampshire, November 2, 1828 ; after his boyhood he
worked upon his father's farm and taught school un-
til 1849 ; graduated at the Waterville College in
Maine, in 1853, and was again connected with schools;
graduated at the Albany Law School in 1855, and came
to the bar in 1856, living in Maine ; in 1861 he entered
the Volunteer service as Lieutenant-Colonel ; as Colo-
nel he participated in all the battles between York-
town and Malvern Hill ; commanded a brigade at
Charleston, and was with Grant before Richmond,
and became a Major-General by brevet. He served
two years in the Legislature ; was a Delegate to the
National Republican Convention of 1868 ; Attorney-
General for Maine from 1873 to 1875 ; and elected a
Representative from that State to the Forty-fourth
Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of
Samuel F. Hersey.
Plant, Davifh — Was a native of Stratford, Con-
necticut, and graduated at Yale College in 1804. In
1819 and 1820 he was Speaker of the House of Rep-
resentatives ; in 1821 a member of the State Senate,
and was twice re-elected. From 1823 to 1827 he was
Lieutenant-Governor of the State, and from 1827 to
1829 a Representative in Congress. He died Octo-
ber 18, 1851.
Plants, Tobias A, — He was born in Beaver
County, Pennsylvania, March 17, 1811 ; was seJf-edu-
cated ; taught school for several years ; studied law,
and came to the bar in 1841 ; practiced the profession
in Ohio ; was a member of the Ohio Legislature from
1858 to 1861 ; in 1864 he was elected a Representa-
tive from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving
on the Committees on Public Expenditures, on Mile-
age, and War Debts of the Loyal States. He was a
Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention"
of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on old Committees.
Plater, Gf*orqe* — Bom in Maryland in 1736 ;
graduated at William and Mary College in 1753 ;
studied law, was Judge of the Maryland Court o;f Ap-
peals ; Delegate to the Continental Congress from
1778 to 1781 ; President of the Convention which
ratified the Federal Constitution ; and Governor of
Maryland in 1792. He died at Annapolis, February
10, 1792.
Plater, Thomas, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland from 1801 to 1805.
Piatt, JTames H,, Jr, — He was born in Canada,
of American parents, July 13, 1837 ; reared in Burling-
^ion, Vermont ; studied medicine ; graduated from the
medical department of the Vermont University in 1859;
in 1861 he raised two companies for the army, and
entered the service as Captain of the Fourth Regiment
'Vermont Volunteers ; was in all the battles of the
Army of the Potomac ; for gallant conduct at Freder-
icksburg, in 1862, he was tendered a position on the
Staff of Major-General Smith ; continued as Aid and
Chief Quartermaster of the Sixth Corps until and after
tlie death of Major-General Sedgwick ; was taken
prisoner in 1864 ; settled in Petersburg, Virginia, in
1865 ; was elected a member of the Constitutional
Convention of Virginia in 1867 ; served in the City
Council of Petersburg ; was a member of the Board
of Education for that city ; a Director in the Rich-
mond and Petersburg Railroad, and President of the
People's Savings Bank of Petersburg ; and was elected
to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serv-
ing on the Committee on Naval Affairs, and as Chair-
man of that on Public Buildings and Grounds.
Piatt, Jonas, — Judge of the Supreme Court of
New York ; was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1799 to 1801 ; and died in Peru,
Clinton County, New York, in 1834.
Piatt, Tliotnas C — He was born in Owego,
New York, July 15, 1833 ; received an academic edu-
cation in Owego ; was a member of Yale College, but
withdrew on account of ill-health ; followed mercan-
tile business ; was President of the Tioga National
Bank, and is engaged in lumbering in Michigan ; was
Clerk of the County of Tioga in 1859, 1860. and 1861 ;
elected to the Forty-third Congress, and re-elected
to the Forty-fourth, serving on the Committee on Post-
Otfices and Post-Roads.
Piatt, Zephaniah, — He was a Delegate from
New York to the Continental Congress from 1784 to
1786.
Pleasanton, Stephen, — He was born in Dela-
ware ; in 1817 he was appointed Fifth Auditor in the
Treasury Department, and held the office until his
death, which occurred in Washington in 1855, having
held the office for thirty-eight years, with advantage
to the Government and honor to himself.
Pleasants^ James, — Born in Virginia in 1769,
and died in Goochland County, November 9, 1836.
He was a Representative in Congress from 1811 to
1819 ; United States Senator from 1819 to 1822 ; Gov-
ernor of Virginia from 1822 to 1825 ; and a member of
the Convention of 1829 and 1830 for Amending the State
Constitution. He was twice appointed to the bench,
but declined, from a distrust of his own qualifications.
He was a man of rare modesty, greatly respected and
esteemed for public and private virtues.
Pluwier, Arnold, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. He was
subsequently appointed United States Marshal for the
Western District of Pennsylvania.
Pluiner, George, — He was born in Alleghany
County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1821 to 1827.
Plumer, JVilliam, — He was born at Newbury-
port, Massachusetts, June 25, 1759 ; received a good
education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1787 ; was for many years Solicitor for the County
of Rockingham ; he was for eight years a member of
the State Legislature, and two years Speaker of the
House ; served as a member and President of the
State Senate. He was also Governor of New Hamp-
shire in 1813, and from 1816 to 1819 ; was a Senator
in Congress from that State from 1802 to 1807. He
died at Epping, New Hampshire, December 22, 1850.
Plumer, William, — Born in Epping, New
Hampshire, in 1790, and died September 18, 1854.
He graduated at Cambridge in 1809 ; studied law,
but never practiced his profession. He frequently
served in the State Legislature, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1819
to 1825 ; his father, whose name he bore, having been
a Senator in 1802, from the same State. He was also
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
339
a member of the Convention to form a new State
Constitution in 1850. Was a Presidential Elector in
1821.
Pliunmerf FranJclin E, — He was at one time
a Judge of the Circuit Court of Mississippi, and a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1831
to 1833, and again from 1833 to 1835. He died at
Jackson, Mississippi, September 34, 1852.
Poivideocter, George. — He was bom in Lou-
don County, Virginia, in 1779 ; studied law, and
in 1802 removed to the Territory of Mississippi,
where he was made Attorney -General ; was the sec-
ond Governor of Mississippi under the State Con-
stitution, from 1819 to 1821; was a Delegate to
Congress from the Territory from 1807 to 1813,
when he was appointed Federal Judge of the Terri-
tory ; was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to
1819, and United States Senator from Mississippi from
1830 to 1835, serving for a time as President, 'pro tern.
of the Senate. He lived for a time in Louisville, Ken-
tucky, but returned to Mississippi ; published a Re-
vised Code of the Laws of that State ; killed a mer-
chant named Abijah Hunt in a duel ; and was noted
for his ability and bitter partisanship. He died in
Jackson, Mississippi, September 5, 1853.
Poinsett f Joel JR, — He was born in Statesburg,
South Carolina, in 1779 ; spent the most of his youth
in traveling in foreign, countries ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress from South Carolina from 1821 to
1825 ; was appointed by President John Quincy Adams
United States Minister to Mexico ; was Secretary
of War under President Van Buren ; and from 1840
until his death he lived in retirement. He was a man
of letters, and among other things wrote an interest-
ing book on Mexico. He died in Statesburg, South
Carolina, December 14, 1851.
Poland, Luke P, — He was born in Westford,
Chittenden County, Vermont, November 1, 1815 ; re-
ceived a good common-school and academic educa-
tion ; commenced the study of law when eighteen
years of age, and was admitted to the bar in 1836 ;
was Register of Probate for Lamoille County in 1839
and 1840 ; was a member of the " State Constitutional
Convention " in 1843 ; Prosecuting Attorney for La-
moille County in 1844 and 1845 ; and in 1848 he was
elected by the Legislature one of the Judges of the
Supreme Crurt of Vermont, which office he continued
to hold by annual elections until November, 1865,
when he was appointed to fill the vacancy in the
United States Senate caused by the death of Jacob
Collamer, whose term would have expired in 1807.
Just before his appointment to the Senate he had
been re-elected to the Supreme Bench, upon which he
held the position of Chief Justice, to which he was
promoted in 1860. The Committees upon which he
served in the Senate were those on the Judiciary, and
Patents and the Patent Office. His appointment to
the Senate was confirmed by the Legislature, He was
a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven-
tion " of 1866 ; and was subsequently elected a Rep-
resentative from Vermont to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Elections, as a Regent of
the Smithsonian Institution, and as Chairman of the
Committees on Revision of the Laws of the United
States, and Unfinished Business. He was re-elected
to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Con-
gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committees on
the Revision of Laws and the Affairs of Arkansas, in
1874 and 1875.
Polhf Charles, — He was born in Kent County,
Delaware, in 1787 ; served in the State Senate ; was
Register of Wills for a long time ; Collector of Cus-
toms ; and was twice elected Governor of the State,
once by election and once by substitution as Speaker
of the Senate. Died October 28, 1857.
Polkf Jatnes Knooc, — Bom in Mecklenburg
County, North Carolina, November 2, 1795 ; removed
with his father, in 1806, to Tennessee, and lived in
the valley of Duck River, a branch of the Cumber-
land, He graduated at the University of North Caro-
lina in 1815 ; studied law in Tennessee with Felix
Grundy, and was admitted to the bar in 1820 ; he
was a member of the House of Representatives in
Congress from 1825 to 1839, and Speaker in that body
from 1835 to 1837 ; and was elected Governor of Ten-
nessee in 1839, for two years. In December, 1844, the
Electors chose him President of the United States ;
and during his eventful administration the Oregon
question was settled, Texas annexed, war with Mex-
ico declared, and New Mexico and California were ac-
quired. He died at Nashville, Tennessee, June 15,
1849.
Polkf Trust en, — He was bom in Sussex County,
Delaware, May 29, 1811 ; graduated at Yale College
in 1831 ; studied law at the Yale Law School ; and in
1835 he emigrated to Missouri, where he commenced
the practice of his profession. In 1845, while absent
from Missouri for the benefit of his health, he was
elected" a member of the Convention called to re-
model the State Constitution ; in 1848 he was a Presi-
dential Elector ; in 1856 he was elected Governor of
Missouri, and inaugurated January, 1857, but soon re-
signed for a seat in the United States Senate, to
which he was elected for a term of six years from
March 4, 1857, He was a member of the Committees
on Foreign Affairs, and on Claims. Expelled for dis-
loyalty January 10, 1862.
Polh, JViUiain H, — He was born in Maury Coun-
ty, Tennessee, May 24, 1815 ; educated at Chapel
Hill, North Carolina, and the University of Tennessee ,
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839 ; in
1841 and 1843 he was elected to the State Legislature;
was appointed by President Tyler Charge d* Affaires
to Naples, where he negotiated a treaty with the Two
Sicilies ; served as a Major of Dragoons in the Mexi-
can War ; was a Delegate to the " Nashville Conven-
tion " in 1850 ; and a Representative in Congress from
Tennessee from 1851 to 1853, He was a brother of
President Polk, and opposed to the great Rebellio .
Died at Nashville, December 16, 1862.
Pollard, Pichard. — Born in Albemarle County,
Virginia ; was well educated and fond of military
studies ; was Charge d' Affaires to Chili from 1834 to
1842, Died in Washington, District of Columbia-
February 19, 1851.
Pollock, tfames, — He was born in Pennsylva-
nia ; graduated at Princeton College in 1831 ; was a
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from his native State from 1843
to 1849 ; and Governor of the same from 1855 to 1858.
Was a Delegate to the "Peace Congress " of 1861.
In 1861 he was appointed by President Lincoln Direc-
tor of the United States Mint in Philadelphia, serving
as such until 1867.
Polsley, Daniel, — He was born near Fairmount,
Marion County, Virginia, November 28, 1803 ; re-
ceived a limited education and spent his boyhood on
a farm ; studied law with Philip Doddridge and Hen-
ry St. George Tucker, and came to the bar in 1827 ;
practiced the profession until 1845. when he retired to
a farm and devoted himself to agriculture until 1861 ;
was a member of the May and June Conventions of
that year, held in Wheeling, for re-organizing the
government of Virginia, and was elected Lieutenant-
Governor of the State, which he held until West Vir-
340
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
ginia was admitted into tlie Union. He was subse-
quently elected Judge of the Seventli Judicial Circuit
for six years, and in 1866 lie was elected a Represent-
ative from West Virginia to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions
and Invalid Pensions.
JPomeroijf Charles, — Born in Meriden, Connec-
ticut, September 8, 1825 ; received a common-school
education ; worked as a tinman with his father for
several years, and then carried on business in his own
name ; removed to Iowa in 1855 ; there studied law,
and settled in the village of Fort Dodge ; became
President of the National Bank at that place, and was
elected a Representative from Iowa to the Forty-first
Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories,
and Mines and Mining.
I*omero]/f Samuel C— Was born in South-
ampton, Massachusetts, January 3, 1816 ; and spent
his boyhood on his father's farm. After an academic
education, he entered Amherst College in 1836 ; spent
four years in New York ; returned to his native town,
and held various local offices ; and was elected to the
Legislature of Massachusetts, in 1852. In 1854 he
was engaged in organizing the New England Emi-
grant Aid Society, and became its financial agent ; re-
moved to Kansas in the same year, and participated
in its affairs ; was a member of the Territorial De-
fense Committee ; a Delegate to the Pittsburg and
Philadelphia Conventions of 1856, and also to that of
Chicago in 1860. During the famine in Kansas he
was Chairman of the Relief Committee ; and in 1861
he took his seat in the United States Senate, from
Kansas, for six years, serving on the Committees on
Pensions, Claims, Territories, Manufactures, and as
Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands. In
January, 1867, he was re-elected to the Senate for
the term ending in 1873. Subsequently settled in
Washington City, where an attempt was made to as-
sassinate him, by Martin F. Conway, with whom he
had a long and bitter political quarrel.
Po^neroy, Theodore M, — Born in Cayuga,
New York, December 31, 1824 ; graduated at Hamil-
ton College ; adopted the profession of law ; was Dis-
trict Attorney for Cayuga County from 1850 to 1856 ;
was a member of the State Legislature in 1857 ; and
was elected a Representative, from New York, to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee
on Foreign Affairs. Re- elected to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Expenditures in the Post-Office Department, and as a
member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Re-
elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Banking and Currency, and Unfin-
ished Business. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress,
and was made Chairman of the Committee on Bank-
ing and Currency. Was subsequently a Director in
First National Bank of Auburn.
Pondf benjamin, — He served four years in
the Assembly of New York, from Essex County, and
was a Representative in Congress, from that State,
from 1811 to 1813. He was re-elected, but died in
June, 1815, at his residence in Schroon, Essex Coun-
ty, New York. \
JPondf C. H. — He was elected Lieutenant-Gover-
nor of Connecticut in 1853 ; and was subsequently
Acting Governor of the State for nearly one year.
JPonder, James. — He was born in Milton, Sussex
County, Delaware, October 31, 1819 ; received an
academic education, and entered into the mercantile
business, to which he devoted himself ; in 1856 he
was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1864 to the
State Senate ; and in 1867 became Speaker of that
body ; in 1870 he was elected Governor of Delaware
for the term ending in 1865.
Poolf John, — He was born in Pasquotank Coun-
ty, North Carolina, June 16, 1826 ; graduated at the
State University in 1847 ; studied law and came to
the bar before the close of that year ; he was elected
to the State Senate in 1856 and 1858 ; remained in
private life during the Rebellion, until 1864, when
he was again chosen to the State Senate, as a Peace
candidate ; took a leading part in the movements for
peace ; was a member of the State Constitutional
Convention of 1865, and was again elected to the
Senate ; in 1865 he was elected a Senator in Congress
from North Carolina, but not admitted ; and in 1868
he was re-elected to the same position, for the term
ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Revolu-
tionary Claims, Revision of United States Laws, and
Indian Affairs.
Pope, JBurrell Thomas, — Born in Oglethorpe
County, Georgia, January 7, 1813 ; studied law and
came to the bar at Athens in 1836 ; in 1837 he
removed to Wetumpka, Alabama, where he practiced
his profession until 1844 ; in 1845 he removed to Ash-
ville, North Carolina, where he remained until 1867 ;
from thence he went to Gadsden, Alabama, where he
was appointed Judge of the Twelfth Judicial Cir-
cuit, and where he died, May 8, 1868.
Pope, John, — He was born in Prince William
County, Virginia, in 1770. Having lost one arm by
accident, he determined to study law, and attained
eminence at the bar ; he removed to Kentucky, and
served a number of years in the Legislature ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1801; was a Senator in Con-
gress from that State from 1807 to 1813, officiating
for a time as President pro tern, of that body ; was a
Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1843. In
1829 he was appointed Governor of the Territory of
Arkansas, and died in Kentucky, July 12, 1845.
Pope, Nathaniel, — Born in Louisville, Ken-
tucky, in 1784 ; was educated at Transylvania Univer-
sity ; studied the French language, and emigrated to
Upper Louisiana in 1804 ; practiced law in St. Gene-
vieve, Missouri, until 1809 ; was appointed Secretary-
of the Territory of Illinois in 1809, and removed there;
was elected Delegate to Congress in 1817 ; in 1818,
when Illinois was admitted as a State, he was
appointed United States District Judge, and held
that office until his death, which occurred in Illinois,
in 1850.
Pope, PatrieTc H, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Kentucky from 1833 to 1835, and died
at Louisville, Kentucky, in May, 1841.
Poppleton, E, F, — Bom in Ohio ; received a
common-school education ; studied law, and, after
coming to the bar, settled in the town of Delaware in
1865 ; served one session in the State Senate, to fill a
vacancy, and was elected in 1874 a Representative
from Ohio to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Porter, Albert Cr, — Born in Lawrenceburg,
Indiana, April 20, 1824 ; graduated at the Asbury
University in 1843 ; studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1845, settling at Indianapolis ; in 1853 he
was appointed Reporter of the Decisions of the
Supreme Court of Indiana, publishing five volumes ;
served two terms as City Attorney of Indianapolis ;
was twice elected a member of the City Council ; and
in 1858 he was elected a Representative from Indiana
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Judiciary
Committee. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary,
and on Manufactures.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
341
Fovter, Alexander J, — Born near Armagh,
Ireland, in 1786 ; came to the United States in 1801 ;
engaged in mercantile pursuits in Nashville, Ten-
nessee ; having studied lav^% v^as admitted to the
bar in 1807, and attained a high rank in his profes-
sion ; in 1810 he removed to St. Martinsville, Louisi-
ana, and was active in forming the State Constitution
in 1811 ; became a Judge of the Supreme Court of the
State in 1821, and served fifteen years ; vi^as United
States Senator from 1833 to 1837 ; was re-elected in
1843, but ill-health prevented him from taking his
seat, and he died at Attakapas, Louisiana, January
13, 1844.
Porter, Augusttis S, — Born in Canandaigua,
New York, January 18, 1798 ; graduated at Union
College in 1818 ; studied law as a profession, and
practiced for twenty years in Detroit, Michigan, of
which city he was chosen Mayor in 1838. He was a
Senator in Congress from Michigan from 1840 to 1845;
and in 1848 he removed to Niagara Falls, the resi-
dence of his father, where he has since lived in
retirement. He was also a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia " National Union Convention" of 1866.
JPorter, Charles H, — He was born in Cairo,
New York ; received an academic education ; was a
student at the Law University of Albany in 1852 ;
practiced law in Greene County until 1861, when he
entered the army ; settled at Norfolk, Virginia, and
was Attorney for the Commonwealth from 1863 until
1870, and Attorney for the city one year ; was a
member of the Constitutional Convention of Virginia
in 1867 and 1868 ; was elected to the Forty-first and
Forty-second Congresses, serving on the Committee
on Revolutionary Pensions.
Porter, David, — He was a citizen of Maryland;
in 1831 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to Turkey;
in 1839 he became Minister Resident, and died at his
post, March 3, 1843.
Porter, David It, — Born in Philadelphia in
1788 ; was a lawyer, and often a member of each
branch of the State Legislature ; was also exten-
sively engaged in the manufacture of iron ; he was
Governor of Pennsylvania from 1839 to 1845 ; his
election in 1838, in Philadelphia County, gave rise to
much excitement at the State Capital, known as the
*' Buckshot War," growing out of a charge of irregu-
larity in the election. He died at Harrisburg, Penn-
sylvania, August 6, 1867.
Porter, George P, — Born in Lancaster, Penn-
sylvania, in 1790 ; was liberally educated as a lawyer,
and was an active business man ; Governor of Michi-
gan Territory from 1831 to 1834. Died in Detroit,
July 6, 1834.
Porter f Gilchrist. — He was born in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from Missouri
from 1851 to 1857.
Porter, James, — He was born in Williamstown,
Massachusetts, and was the son of an eminent
physician ; graduated at Williams College, and
removed to Skaneateles, New York, where he studied
law and commenced the practice of his profession ;
he was a member of the State Assembly in 1814 and
1815 ; and a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1817 to 1819. After leaving Congress he
was appointed Register of the Court of Chancery,
which office he held until his death, which occurred
in Albany. He was a man of culture and high char-
acter, and among his most intimate friends were such
men as Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren.
Porter, Jatnes D, — Born in Paris, Henry
County, Tennessee, December 7, 1828 ; graduated at
the Nashville University in 1846 ; studied law at
Lebanon ; was elected to the State Legislature in
1859 ; was Adjutant-General in the Confederate Army
during the Rebellion ; was a Delegate to the State
Constitutional Convention of 1870 ; in 1871 elected
Judge of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit of Tennessee,
which position he resigned in 1874 ; and was soon
afterwards elected Governor of Tennessee, the oppos-
ing candidate having been Horace Maynard.
Porter*, James Madison. — Born in Selma,
Pennsylvania, January 6, 1793 ; was educated as a
lawyer ; served as a volunteer in the War of 1812 ;
was a member of the Pennsylvania Constitutional
Convention in 1838, and had an important share in
the revision of the State Constitution ; was appointed
Secretary of War by Tyler in 1843, but rejected by
the Senate ; was one of the founders of Lafayette Col-
lege at Easton, Pennsylvania, and twenty-five years
President of its Board of Trustees; was President
Judge of the Twelfth and Twenty-second Judicial
Districts of Pennsylvania. Died at Easton, Novem-
ber 11, 1862.
Porter, John, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1806 to 1811,
having first been elected to fill the unexxjired term
of Michael Lieb, resigned.
Porter, J, D, Forest, — He was born in New
York ; settled in Nebraska, whence he was appoint-
ed in 1872 an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
for the Territory of Arizona, residing in Arizona City.
Porter, Peter P, — He was born in Salisbury,
Connecticut, in 1773, and graduated at Yale College
in 1791. He completed his law studies at Litchfield,
and emigrated to western New York. He was a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1809
to 1813, and from 1815 to 1816, when he resigned. As
Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, he
reported the resolutions authorizing immediate and
active preparations for war ; and in 1816 was ap-
pointed Commissioner under the Treaty of Ghent. In
1813 he was made Major-General and Chief in com-
mand of the State troops and in 1815 he received
from President Madison the appointment of Comman-
der-in-Chief of the United States Army, which he
declined. Soon after the war he was chosen Secretary
of the State of New York. In 1828 he was appointed
Secretary of War by President Adams. He died at
Niagara Falls, March 20, 1844, universallj respected.
He distinguished himself at Chippewa and at
Lundy's Lane, and for his services received a gold
medal from Congress and a sword from the State of
New York. He was the father of Augustus S.
Porter.
Porter, TJiomas. — He was in the British Army
at Lake George in 1755, and was active during the
Revolution. He was ten years a Judge of the Supreme
and County Courts of Vermont ; and was a mem-
ber of the Legislatures of Vermont and Connecticut
for thirty-five years. He died at Granville, New
York, August, 1833, aged ninety-nine years and three
months.
Porter, Timothy H. — He was born in New-
Haven, Connecticut ; served five years in the As-
sembly of New York, and also five years in the State
Senate ; and was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1825 to 1827.
Porter, JVilliam A, — Born in Hunterdon
County, Pennsylvania, in 1821 ; graduated at Lafay-
ette College in 1839 ; admitted to the bar in Philadel-
phia in 1842 ; was Sheriff of that city in 1843 ; city
342
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Solicitor in 1850 ; Judge of the Superior Court in
1858, Autlior of "Essay on Law, and Sheriffs,"
1845; "Life of Chief Justice Jolin Gibson," 1855;
also, " Addresses."
Posey f Thomas, — Born on the banks of the Po-
tomac, July 9, 1750; received a plain English educa-
tion ; removed to western Virginia at the age of
nineteen ; wtis Quartermaster to Lewis's division of
Lord Dunmore's army, and was at the battle of Pt.
Pleasant in 1774; was one of the Committee of Cor-
respondence in 1775 ; was Captain in the Seventh Vir-
ginia Continental Regiment, and aided in defeating
Lord Dunmore at Gwyn's Island; joined Washington's
army in 1777 ; was transferred to the rifle regiment
of Colonel Morgan ; was with General Gates at Bemis
Heights, and Stillwater ; took command of his regi-
ment in 1778 against the Indians. In 1779 com-
manded a battalion under Wayne, and was one of the
first to enter the enemy's works at Stony Point ; was
at the surrender of Yorktown ; took command of a
new regiment under Wayne, in Georgia. . In 1782,
when surprised by the Indians, defeated them with
great loss. From 1786 to 1793 was County Lieutenant
of Spottsylvania, Virginia, and appointed Brigadier-
General ; was State Senator ; Lieutenant-Governor,
four years ; Major-General of Kentucky levies in
1809 ; United States Senator from Louisiana in 1812,
by appointment of the Governor, but superseded by
the appointment of J. Brown by the Legislature ;
was Governor of Indiana Territory from 1813 to 181G;
was agent of Indian Affairs in 1816, which position
he held till his death, which occurred at Shawnee-
town, Illinois, March 19, 1818.
JPostf JothaiUf Jt, — Born in New York ; a
graduate of Columbia College ; a member of the
New York Assembly for four years, from the City of
New York, and a Representative in Congress from
1813 to 1815, from his native State.
Poston, Charles ID, — He was born in Hardin
County, Kentucky, April 20, 1825 ; removed to Cali-
fornia in 1850 ; was employed in the Custom-House at
San Francisco for four years ; and in 1854 he went to
Arizona as the pioneer of silver mining enterprises
in that Territory. Upon the organization of a Terri-
torial Government for Arizona, he was appointed
Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Territory ;
and at the first election held he was elected a Dele-
gate from Arizona to the Thirty-eighth Congress,
taking his seat at the second session.
Potter f A, — Born in 1825, and was an early emi-
grant to Michigan, o^oing to Kalamazoo ; received a
common-school education, and commenced business
as a tinner and hardware merchant ; served for one
term in the State Legislature ; subsequently turned
his attention to banking, and became President of the
National Bank of Kalamazoo ; was defeated for Con-
gress in 1872, but in 1874 he was elected a Represent-
ative from Michigan to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Potter f ClarJcson Kott, — He' was born in
Schenectady, New York, in 1825 ; graduated at Union
College (of which his grandfather. Rev. Eliphalet
Nott, was President, and his father. Bishop Alonzo
Potter, was Vice President) in 1842 ; graduated at
Rensselaer Institute, as a Civil Engineer, in 1843,
and was a surveyor in Wisconsin ; . studied law in
that State, and after coming to the bar, commenced
the practice of his profession in New York City in
1847, and while engaged in a number of important
suits, in 1868 was elected a Representative from New
York to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the
Committee on Commerce and other important Com-
mittees. Re-elected to the two subsequent Con-
gresses, during which time he argued important
cases before the Supreme Court of the United
States.
P otter y Elisha P, — Born in Little Rest, now
Kingston, Rhode Island, Nov. 5, 1764 ; when a boy
he served as a soldier, and worked in a blacksmith
sho^D ; subsequently studied law ; in 1796 he was
elected a Representative in Congress from Rhode Is-
land for the unexpired term of B. Bourne, resigned ;
re-elected to the Fifth Congress, in place of Bourne,
who declined, but he himself resigned in 1797 ; he
was again a Representative from 1809 to 1815, serv-
ing on important Committees. He was elected to the
State Legislature in 1793, and by semi-annual elec-
tions under the old charter system continued to serve
until his death, excepting when in Congress, and was
five times elected Speaker. He was a man of supe-
rior talents, and for forty years filled a large space in
the political affairs of Rhode Island. Died in King-
ston, Rhode Island, September 26, 1835.
Potter^ Elisha P,f Jr, — Son of the preceding,
and was born in Kingston, Rhode Island, June 20,
1811 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1830; was
for several years a member of the State Legislature ;
was Adjutant-General of the State in 1835 and 1836 ;
was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845 ;
and Commissioner of Public Schools from May, 1849,
to October, 1854, when he resigned, after which he
devoted himself to the practice of law. Subsequent-
ly chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State,
and became Chief Justice. As an author he pub-
lished " Early History of Narragansett," a work on
"Paper Money in Rhode Island," and valuable con-
tributions on Suffrage and Public Schools.
Potter, Emery D, — He was born in Ohio, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1849 to 1851. He
was subsequently appointed United States Judge for
the Territory of Utah.
Potter, Henry, — He was born in Mecklenburg,
Virginia, in 1765 ; received a liberal education and
adopted the profession of law ; in 1801 he was ap-
pointed by President Jefferson United States Judge of
the Fifth Circuit ; in 1802 was made Judge of the Uni-
ted States District Court for the State of North Caro-
lina, which he held until his death, December 20, 1857.
Potter, John E. — Born in Augusta, Maine, May
11, 1817; educated at Phillips's Academy, New
Hampshire ; is a lawyer by profession ; was a mem-
ber of the Legislature of Wisconsin in 1856 ; a
Judge of Walworth County from 1842 to 1846, and
elected a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committee on Revolu-
tionary Pensions. He was re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolu-
tionary Pensions. Elected also to the Thirty-seventh
/Congress, and made Chairman of a Special Committee
on Government Employes, and also of that on Public
Lands. He was a Delegate also to the "Peace Con-
gress " of 1861. He was appointed Governor of Ne-
vada Territory by President Lincoln, but declined,
and was subsequently appointed Consul-General of
British North America.
Potter, Pobert, — Born in Granville County,
North Carolina. He entered the navy as a midship-
man, but resigned this position, and studied law.
He entered the State Legislature in 1826, and was in
Congress from 1829 to 1831. He was a second time in
the Legislature, but owing to an outrage that he com-
mitted upon the persons of two men, of whom he was
jealous, he lost all political influence, and, removing
to Texas, was killed in a private brawl.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
343
Potter f Samuel tf, — Born in Rliode Island, and
was at one time Deputy Governor ; he was a Senator
in Congress from Rhode Island during the years 1803
and 1804, and died October 29 of the latter year,
aged fifty-four years. In 1792 and 1797 he was a
Presidential Elector.
JPotter^ William W, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1837 to 1839,
and died at Bellefonte, in that State, October 28,
1839.
JPottle, Emory JB, — He was born in Naples,
New York ; is a lawyer by profession ; was once in
the Legislature of New York ; and was elected a Rep-
resentative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from that
State, serving on the Committee on Expenditures in
the Navy Department. He was also re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Naval Affairs.
PottSj Davidf Jr, — He was born in Chester
County, Pennsylvania, in 1793, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State from 1831 to 1839.
Died in 1863.
JPottSf Riehard, — He was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress in 1781 and 1782 ; Governor of
Maryland during the years 1781 and 1782 ; and a
Senator in Congress from that State from 1792 to
1796, when he resigned. He received from Princeton
College in 1805 the degree of LL.D.
JPowel^ Samuel, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Tennessee from 1815 to 1817.
JPoivellf Alfred H, — He was born in Loudon
County, Virginia ; graduated at Princeton College ;
studied law in Alexandria, Virginia ; settled in Win-
chester, Virginia, in 1800 ; served in the State Legis-
lature, and one or two State Conventions ; and was a
Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1825
to 1827. He died at Winchester while arguing a case
in court, in 1831, aged fifty years.
Poivellf Cutlibert, — He was at one time Mayor
of Alexandria in Virginia, and on his removal to
Loudon County was elected to the Legislature ; was
subsequently a Representative in Congress from 1841
to 1843. He died at Langollen, Virginia, May 8,
1849.
JPowellf Joseph, — Born at Towanda, Bradford
County, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1848. His education
was such as the commoii-school and academical fa-
cilities of his county afforded ; adopted in early life
the profession of a merchant, which he pursued suc-
cessfully for many years ; subsequently became Pres-
ident of the First National Bank of Towanda, and
engaged in other business enterprises. At the time
of his election as a Representative to tlie Forty-fourth
Congress, in 1875, he was engaged in active business,
and accepted a nomination contrary to his wishes and
inclinations. Previous to this time he had never
occupied a public position, nor been an active poli-
tician.
Powell, Lazarus W, — Born in Henderson
County, Kentucky, October 6, 1812 ; graduated at
St. Joseph's College, Bardstown, in 1833 ; studied
law at the Transylvania University, and came to the
bar in 1835, following his profession and carrying on
a farm at the same time ; in 1836 he was elected to
the Kentucky Legislature ; was a Presidential Elector
in 1844 ; was Governor of Kentucky from 1851 to
1855 ; and was chosen a Senator in Congress for
the long term commencing in 1859, serving on the
Committees on the Judiciary, Pensions, and Printing.
He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National
Union Convention " of 1866 ; and died at his home in
Kentucky, July 5, 1867.
Powell, Levin, — Born in Virginia in 1738 ; was
a member of the State Convention which ratified the
Federal Constitution ; served through the War of the
Revolution in the Virginia Line of the Continental
Army, and rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel ;
he resided in Loudon County, Virginia, and was a
Representative in Congress from 1799 to 1801 ; he
died at Bedford, Pennsylvania, in August, 1810.
Powell, Paultis, — He was born in Virginia, and
having been elected a Representative in Congress
from that State in 1849, continued in that capacity to
the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a
member of the Committee on Expenditures in the
Navy Department, and that on Post-Offices and Post-
Roads.
Powell, William H, — He was born in Ohio ;
studied portrait painting at home and in New York
city ; studied historical painting in Paris ; and re-«
ceived from the General Government two orders for
large paintings, which are now in the National Capi-
itol, viz.: "The Discovery of the Mississippi by De
Soto,", and the "Battle of Lake Erie," the last of
which is a re-production of another picture painted
for the State of Ohio. Mr. Powell's portraits of pub-
lic and private men are quite numerous.
Potvers, Gershom, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1829 to 1831.
Potvers, Hiram, — Bom at Woodstock, Ver-
mont, July 29, 1805 ; spent his youth on his father's
farm ; emigrated with his family to Ohio, and on the
death of his father established himself in Cincinnati,
being employed successively in a reading-room, a
produce store, and with a clockmaker ; from a Ger-
man sculptor he learned the art of modeling in plas-
ter, and for seven years directed the wax-work de-
partment of the Cincinnati Museum, which he made
a weird and interesting place ; in 1835 he went to
Washington, where he modeled busts of distinguished
men ; with the assistance of Nicholas Longworth, of
Cincinnati, he was able to establish himself in Flor-
ence, where he subsequently resided. In 1838 he
produced an ideal statue of Eve, which was considered
by Thorwaldsen a master-piece ; in 1839 he finished
the "Greek Slave," of which he has made several
copies. He was commissioned by the United States
Government to execute a statue of Benjamin FrankliM
and Thomas Jefferson. He was the inventor of a
useful process of modeling in plaster, which obviates
the necessity of a clay model. His busts of Daniel
Webster and other noted men are all of a high
order. Died.
Powers, Pidgely C, — He was born in Mecca,
Trumbull County, Ohio, December 24, 1836 ; studied
at the Western Reserve Seminary, and taught school
in Illinois ; graduated at the University of Michigan
in 1862 ; served as an Assistant Adjutant-General in
the War for the Union ; removed to the State of
Mississippi in 1865 ; was Lieutenant-Governor in
1870, and elected Governor of the State in 1871.
Poydras, tTulian, — He was a Delegate in Con-
gress from the Territory of Louisiana from 1809 to
1812.
Pratt, Daniel, — He was born in Washington
County, New York, in 1806 ; taught school while yet
a mere boy ; graduated at Union College in 1835 ;
studied law, and came to the bar in 1836, locating in
Syracuse ; in 1843 he was appointed a Judge of the
344
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Court of Common Pleas, holding the office four
years ; lie was soon afterwards elected a Judge of the
Supreme Court, and in 1851 was re-elected for the
term ending in 1859 ; from that time he resumed the
practice of his profession, and in 1874 was elected
Attorney-General of the State of New York.
I*ratti Daniel D, — He was born in Palermo,
Waldo County, Maine, October 26, 1813 ; when a
child, removed with his parents to Now York ; grad-
uated at Hamilton College in 1831 ; in 1832 he went
to Indiana, where he taught school ; in 1834 he went
to Indianapolis, and wrote in the office of the Secre-
tary of State, and studied law ; in 1836 he settled at
Logansport, where he commenced the practice of his
profession ; in 1851 and 1853 he was elected to the
State Legislature ; was a Delegate to the Chicago
Convention of 1860, officiating as leading Secretary ;
and in 1868 he was elected a Representative from
Indiana to the Forty-first Congress ; in January, 1869,
he was elected a Senator in Congress for the term
ending in 1875, serving on the Committees on Pen-
sions, Claims, and District of Columbia. In May,
,1875, he was appointed Commissioner of Internal
Revenue.
Pratt, Henry O. — Was born in Foxcroft,
Maine, February 11, 1838 ; was well educated ; stud-
ied law, and graduated at the law department of
Harvard University ; removed to Iowa in 1862 ; served
as a private in the Army ; practiced law at Charles
City in 1864 ; was elected to the Iowa House of Rep-
resentatives in 1869, and re-elected in 1871 ; and was
elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Con-
gresses, serving on the Committee on Private Land
Claims.
I*ratff James T, — He was born in Middletown,
Connecticut, in 1805 ; was bred a farmer, which oc-
cupation he followed ; served in the Connecticut Le-
gislature ; and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1853 to 1855. He was also a Delegate
to the " Peace Congress " of 1861.
Pratt f O. C. — He was born in New York ; re-
moved to Illinois, and from that State was appointed
an Associate Justice of the United States Court for
the Territory of Oregon, residing at Oregon City.
Pratt f Thomas G, — He was born in Washing-
ton City in 1805 ; was educated at an Academy in
Georgetown, District of Columbia ; was bred a lawyer;
frequently served in the Maryland Senate ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1837 ; was Governor of Mary-
land from 1844 to 1848 ; and was a Senator in Con-
gress from that State from 1850 to 1857. He was
also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864 ;
and to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven-
tion" of 1866. Died in Baltimore, November 9,
1869.
Pratt f Zadock, — Was born at Stephentown,
Rensselaer County, New York, October 30, 1790.
He commenced his early life without means, but by
his industry gained a large fortune. Devoting his
attention to tanning among the Catskill Mountains,
he attained eminent success in that branch of the
mechanic arts, and his name will ever be associated
with Prattsville and that vast tannery, where, pre-
vious to the close of it, in 1846, he had tanned more
than a million sides of leather. In 1823 he was elect-
ed a Colonel of Militia ; in 1830 to the State Senate ;
in 1836 a Presidential Elector. He was elected to
Congress in 1836 and 1842, and labored successfully
for the public good. His career in Congress will be
remembered for his efforts in behalf of the reduction
of postage, his plans for the new Post- Office build-
ings, and the Bureau of Statistics, which owes its
origin to him. In 1852 he was again a Presidential
Elector. He established a newspaper and a Bank at
Prattsville ; was a Delegate to the "Baltimore Con-
vention" of 1852, and to various other Democratic
Conventions, and the President of many societies and
institutions. Died in Bergen, New Jersey, April 6,
1871.
Praijf Puhlius Putilitis P, — He was a law-
yer and jurist, and was one of the Judges of the High
Court of Appeals and Errors ; he died in Pearlington,
Mississippi, January 11, 1840 ; aged forty-five years.
Published "Revised Statutes of Mississippi," 8vo,
1836.
Preble, William Pitt, — Born in York, Maine,
November 27, 1783 ; graduated at Harvard Univers-
ity in 1806 ; was District Attorney in 1813 ; removed
to Portland in 1818 ; was a member of the State
Constitutional Convention, and was appointed Judge
of the Supreme Court under the new government in
1820 ; was appointed United States Minister to the
Netherlands in 1829 ; and afterwards held many im-
portant positions. In 1847 was President of the At-
lantic and St. Lawrence Railroad Company. Died in
Portland, Maine, October 11, 1857.
Prentiss, John H, — He was born in Worcester,
Massachusetts, April 17, 1784 ; was bred a printer ;
settled in Cooperstown, New York, and in 1808 estab-
lished the Freeman's Journal in that town, which he
edited wdth ability and success until 1849. He was a
Representative from New York to the Twenty-fifth
and Twenty-sixth Congresses ; and died in Coopers-
town, June 26, 1864.
Prentiss, Samuel, — He was born in Stonington,
Connecticut, March 31, 1782 ; removed with his father
to Worcester, Massachusetts, and subsequently to
Northfield, where he commenced the study of law.
He completed his professional studies in Brattleboro',
Vermont, and commenced practice at Montpelier in
1803, where he soon attained success, and became one
of the foremost men of the bar. In 1824 and 1825 he
represented Montpelier in the State Legislature. In
1829 he was elected Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of the State, having several years before de-
clined the office of Associate Justice of that Court.
He was a Senator in Congress from Vermont from
1831 to 1842. While Senator he did much to effect
the passage of the law against duelling in the Dis-
trict of Columbia. In 1842 he was appointed Judge
of the Federal District Court in Vermont, which
office he held at the time of his death. He received
the degree of LL. D. from the University of Vermont.
He died in Montpelier. Vermont, January 15, 1857.
He left ten sons, all of whom, excepting one, were
members of his own profession.
Prentiss, Sergeant S. — Was born in Portland,
Maine, September 30, 1808, and died at Longwood,
near Natchez, Mississippi, July 1, 1850. He graduated
at Bowdoin College in 1826, when, after studying law
at Gorham, he removed to Mississippi, and passed two
years as tutor in a private family. He studied law at
Natchez, and, on removing to Vicksburg, became from
the start the leader of the bar in his adopted State,
acquiring by his profession a large property. He en-
tered into politics, was elected to the State Legislature
in 1835, and in 1837 was chosen a Representative in
Congress for the years 1838 and 1839. From that
period until the close of his life he was devoted
wholly to his profession, appearing frequently in
Court in New Orleans ; and as a Jury orator, he was
acknowledged as having no equal in the South-west-
ern States.
Preston, Francis, — He was a member of Con-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
345
gress from Virginia, from 1793 to 1797, and died at
Columbia, South Carolina, May 26, 1835, whither he
had gone upon a visit to his son, the distinguished
William C. Preston. He was in the seventieth year of
his age.
Preston, Isaac Trimble* — Born in Virginia,
in 1793 ; graduated at Yale College in 1812 ; studied
law at Litchfield, Connecticut ; was a Captain in the
war of 1812 ; subsequently completed his legal
studies with William Wirt ; removed to New Orleans,
where he practiced with great success, and was a
Judge of the Supreme Court of Louisiana at the
time of his death, which occurred in consequence of
a steamboat disaster on Lake Pontchartrain, near New
Orleans, July 5, 1852.
JPresfOfif tTacob A, — He was born in Maryland,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State,
from 1843 to 1845.
Preston f James JP. — Born in 1775 ; graduated
at William and Mary College in 1795. Appointed
Lieutenant Colonel of the Twelfth Infantry in 1812 ;
Colonel of the twenty-third Infantry in 1813, and at
the battle of Chrystler's Field received a wound
which crippled him for life. For many years he was
Postmaster of the City of Richmond He was Gover-
nor of Virginia from 1816 to 1819. Died at Smithfield,
Virginia, May 4, 1843.
Preston, JVilliam, — He was born near Louis-
ville, Kentucky, October 16, 1816 ; was liberally edu-
cated at St. Joseph's College, Kentucky, in New
Haven, and at Harvard University ; he settled in the
practice of law, at Louisville, and remained there
until the Mexican war, when he went to Mexico as a
Lieutenant-Colonel of the Kentucky Volunteers ; he
served in the Convention called to frame anew the
Constitution of Kentucky ; in 1850 and 1851 he was
elected to the State Legislature ; he was a Presidential
Elector in 1852, voting for Scott ; was elected a Rep-
resentative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-second
Congress, for the unexpired term of Humphrey Mar-
shall, resigned ; and was elected to the Thirty-third
Congress ; was a member of the " Cincinnati Conven-
tion " which nominated Mr, Buchanan in 1856 ; and
in 1858 was appointed by President Buchanan Minis-
ter to Spain. On his return in 1861, he took part in
the Rebellion, and was a Brigadier-General ; and
after the war, in 1868, he was elected to the State
Legislature.
Preston, William B, — He was born in Vir-
ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1847 to 1849 ; and Secretary of the Navy
•under President Taylor in 1849 and 1850. He took
part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the Con-
federate Congress. He died in Montgomery County,
Virginia, November 16, 1862.
Preston f William C, — Was born December 27,
1794, in Philadelphia, while his father was attending
Congress at that place as a member from Virginia. His
maternal grandmother was the sister of Patrick Henry.
He was educated at the University of South Carolina.
In 1812 he graduated, and returned to Virginia, where
he studied law in the office of William Wirt at Rich-
mond. In 1816 he went to Europe, and after visiting
France, England, and Switzerland, resided for some
time in Edinburgh, where he attended the lectures of
Hope, Playfair, and Brown. In 1819 he returned to
the United States, and being admitted to the bar in
1821, commenced the practice of law in Virginia. In
1822 he removed to Columbia, in South Carolina,
where he continued the practice of his profession with
great distinction and success. In 1832 he was elected
to the Senate of the United States from South Caro-
20
lina, where he assumed a high position as a debater.
In 1842 he resigned his place in the Senate, and re-
turned to the practice of his profession in South Car-
olina. In 1855 he became President of the Univer-
sity of South Carolina, which office he filled with
great credit until he was forced to resign in conse-
quence of ill-health, after which time he lived in re-
tirement. Died at Columbia, South Carolina, May 22.
1860. ' i >
Prevost, John B. — He was appointed in 1804 a
Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of
Orleans.
Price, Hiram, — He was born in Washington
County, Pennsylvania, January 10, 1814 ; is President
of the State Bank of Iowa ; and in 1862 he was
elected a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and as a member of
the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Re-elected
to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his old Commit-
tees.
Price, Podman iHf.— Born in Sussex County,
New Jersey, November 5, 1816. He attended Prince-
ton College until his health compelled him to retire,
and he devoted some attention to the study of law ;
was appointed Purser in the Navy in 1840 ; is said to
have been the first person to exercise judicial func-
tions under the American flag, on the Pacific coast,
as Alcalde ; in 1848 was made Navy Agent for the
Pacific coast; was a Representative in Congress, from
his native State, from 1851 to 1853 ; and subsequently
elected Governor of New Jersey. He caused the es-
tablishment, in that State, of a Normal School, and
has done much to improve the militia of the State.
He was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 1861.
Price, Sterling, — He was born in Virginia ;
was a Representative in Congress from Missouri
from 1845 to 1847, and Governor of that State from
1853 to 1857 ; was identified with the great Rebellion
of 1861 as a Major-General.'
Price, Thomas X.— He was elected a Repre-
sentative from Missouri to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress. He was also a Delegate to the "Chicago
Convention " of 1864 ; and to the Philadelphia *' Na-
tional Union Convention " of 1866 ; died in Lexing-
ton, Missouri, July 15, 1870.
Price, William C, — He was appointed in 1860
Treasurer of the United States, and only held the
office until 1861.
Price, William P, — Born in Dahlonega, Geor-
gia, January 29, 1835 ; worked at the printers' trade ;
entered Furman University at Greenville, South Ca-
rolina, in 1854, but left, without graduating, to take
charge of a newspaper ; studied law ; admitted to the
bar in 1856, at Charleston ; practiced law at Green-
ville ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1864,
1865, and 1866 ; returned to Georgia in 1866 ; was a
member of the Legislature of Georgia in 1868 ; and
elected to the Forty-first, and re-elected to the Forty-
second Congress, serving on several Committees.
Prickett, Hem^y E, — He was appointed in
January, 1876, an Associate Justice of the United
States Court for the Territory of Idaho.
Prince, Charles H, — Born in Buckfield, Oxford
County, Maine, May 9, 1837 ; worked at his father's
farm in summer, and taught a district school in win-
ter ; in 1859 he engaged in mercantile pursuits ; was
346
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
for a time Postmaster of Buckfield ; in 1862 he raised
a military company, and was commissioned as a Cap-
tain ; in 1866 lie was made Cashier of the Freed-
men's Savings and Trust Company at Augusta, in
Georgia ; in 1867 he was a Superintendent of Freed-
men's schools, and also a member of the State Con-
stitutional Convention ; and in 1868 he was elected a
Representative from Georgia to the Fortieth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on the Interior De-
partment.
Prince^ Oliver IT, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from Georgia during the years 1828 and 1829,
and lost at sea October 9, 1837, in the steamer Home.
He was a lawyer by profession, and published a Di-
gest of the Laws of Georgia.
JPrince, William, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Indiana from 1823 to 1824, having
died in Princeton, Indiana before the expiration of
his term, September 8, 1824.
£*rindle, JElizur H,—T{e was born in Newton,
Connecticut, May 6, 1829 received an academic edu-
cation ; studied law ; was District Attorney of Chen-
ango County, New York, in 1860,1861, and 1862 ; was
a member of the State Assembly in 1863 ; of the
State Constitutional Convention in 1867 ; and elected
to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Revolutionary Pensions and Territories.
PringlCf Benjamifi, — Born in Richfield, Otse-
go County, New York, November 9, 1807 ; received
a good English and classical education ; studied law,
and practiced for several years, but relinquished the
profession on being made President and financial offi-
cer of the Bank of Genesee, at Batavia. He held the
office of Judge of the County Courts of Genesee for
five years ; and served one year in the State As-
sembly ; and he was elected a Representative from
New York to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Con-
gresses. He was appointed by President Lincoln
Judge of the Court of Arbitration at Cape Town,
under the Treaty with Great Britain of 1862.
Profit^ George H, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Indiana from 1839 to 1843 ; and in
1843 was United States Minister to Brazil. He died
at Louisville, Kentucky, September 5, 1847.
Prosser, JVilliani F, — Born in Williamsport,
Pennsylvania, March 16, 1834 ; received a common-
school education, and studied law ; taught a public
school for two years ; went to California in 1854, and
engaged in mining and mercantile pursuits, and
served there in the volunteer Indian service ; served
in the war for the Union, entering the army as a
private in 1861, and coming out as a Colonel in 1865,
having been in many battles in the army of the Cum-
berland ; after the war he settled upon a farm near
Nashville ; was elected to the State Legislature in
1867 ; also a Director of the Tennessee and Pacific
Railroad Company ; in 1868 Director of the Edgefield
and Kentucky Railroad ; and was elected a Represent-
ative from Tennessee to the Forty-first Congress,
serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims,
and Roads and Canals. >
PrtiyUf John V, L, — He was born in Albany,
New York, was chiefly educated at private schools,
and received the degree of LL, D, from Rutgers Col-
lege, New Jersey ; studied law, and came to the bar
in Albany in 1832 ; in 1835 he was Counsel and Di-
rector of the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad, and sub-
sequently became Treasurer of the New York Central
Railroad Company ; he was also a Master in Chancery
during the Governorship of W. L. Marcy ; in 1844
was made a member of the Board of Regents ; and in
1862 Chancellor of the University of New York ; and
was a State Senator in 1862. At a special election, in
1863, he was elected a Representative from New York
to tiie Thirty-eighth Congress, to fill the vacancy
caused by the resignation of Erastus Corning, serv-
ing on the Committee on Claims ; re-elected to the
Fortieth Congress, and was placed on the Library
Committee, and that on the Pacific Railroad.
PriiyUf Robert H, — ^He was a citizen of New
York, and in 1861 he was appointed Minister Resi-
dent to Japan, and resigned the office in 1865.
JPryor, Hoger A. — Born in Dinwiddle County,
Virginia, July 19, 1828 ; graduated at Hampden Sid-
ney College in 1845 ; adopted the profession of law,
but relinquished the practice on account of his
health ; in 1851 became an editor in Petersburg ; in
1852 connected himself with the Washington Union as
writer ; in 1853 he joined the Richmond Enquirer ;
in 1855 he was appointed by President Pierce a
Special Commissioner to Greece, to adjust certain
difficulties with that country ; on his return he esta-
blished a political journal called The South, which
stopped in eighteen months ; was connected for four
months with the Washington States ; and was elected a
Representative from Virginia to the Thirty-sixth Con -
gress, serving as a member of the Committee on the
District of Columbia. He took part in the Rebellion
as a member of the Confederate Congress, and also as
Brigadier-General ; and in November, 1864, he was
captured by the Union troops, and imprisoned in Fort
Lafayette, but soon afterwards released. He subse-
quently settled in Tennessee and in New York.
JPughf George Ellis, — Born in Cincinnati, Ohio,
November 28, 1822 ; graduated at Miami University
in 1840, and is a lawyer by profession. He was Cap-
tain in the Fourth Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, in
the Mexican war, in 1847 ; Representative in the
Legislature in 1848 and 1849 ; was appointed Solici-
tor to the City of Cincinnati in 1850 ; was Attorney-
General of the State in 1851; and elected a Senator
in Congress from March 4, 1855, for six years, and
was a member of the Committee on Public Lands,
and on the Judiciary.
I* ugh, James L, — Born in Burke County, Geor-
gia, in 1820 : received an academical education ;
adopted the profession of law, and removing to Ala-
bama, was elected a Representative from that State to
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee
on the Library. He was also a Presidential Elector
in 1856. Withdrew in February, 1861, to take part in
the Rebellion of that year.
Piighf John, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1805 to 1809.
Piirdy^ Smith M, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1843 to 1845.
Purman^ William J, — He was born in Centre
County, Pennsylvania, April 11, 1840 ; received a lib-
eral education, and studied law ; entered the army as
a private, and served on special duty at the War De-
partment, and in Florida ; was a member of the Con-
stitutional Convention in 1868 ; soon elected to the
State Senate ; was Secretary of State in 1868 ; Judge
of Jackson County Court in 1868 ; re-elected to the
State Senate in 1869 ; was Assessor of United States
Internal Revenue for Florida, in 1870 ; was Chairman
of the Republican State Executive Committee in 1872 ;
and elected to the Forty -third Congress, serving on
the Committee on Naval Affairs.
JPurviance, Samuel A, — Bom in Butler, Penn-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
347
sylvania, November 8, 1809. He was a student of
Washington College but did not graduate ; is a law-
yer by profession, and has practiced for twenty-five
years ; was a member of the Convention to amend the
State Constitution in 1836, and served in the Legisla-
ture in 1838 and 1839 ; was a member of the Elector-
al College in 1848 ; and a Representative from Penn-
sylvania in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. He
was a Delegate to the Philadelphia ' ' Loyalists' Con-
vention " of 1866.
' JPurviafice, Samuel J>. — A member of Con-
gress from North Carolina from 1803 to 1805.
JPuryear, Richard C. — He was born in Meck-
lenburg, Virginia, February 9, 1801 ; received a good
English education ; has spent the most of his life en-
gaged in merchandising and farming. In 1838 having
removed to North Carolina, he was elected to the
Legislature of that State ; in 1840 to the State Senate ;
in 1844, 1846, and 1852, he was again chosen to the
Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress
from North Carolina from 1853 to 1857. He took part
in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the Confeder-
ate Congress. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia
"National Union Convention " of 1866.
JPitttiaTUf Harvey, — For many years a leading
member of the Genesee County bar ; was elected sev-
eral times to both branches of the New York Legisla-
ture ; and was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1847 to 1851. He died in Attica, New
York, September 21, 1855, aged sixty-two years.
Putnam f Uttfas, — Born at Sutton, Massachu-
setts, April 9, 1738 ; he was a millwright by trade,
but left that business to enter the army during the
campaigns of 1757 and 1760 ; at the surrender of Mon-
treal, he settled in New Braintree, Massachusetts, to
pursue his trade, devoting his leisure hours to the
study of mathematics, navigation, and surveying. In
1773 he sailed to East Florida to survey lands that had
been granted by Parliament to the soldiers who had
sej'ved in the French War, and was appointed Gov-
ernment Deputy Surveyor of the Province. On his
return to Massachusetts, he was made Lieutenant-
Colonel in David Brewster's Regiment ; by his ability
as an engineer in the defense of Roxbury, he was ap-
pointed, through the influence of Washington, Chief
Engineer of all the defenses in New York in 1776,
with the rank of Colonel ; from some dissatisfaction,
he left the corps to take command of the Fifth Mas-
sachusetts Regiment, and he was attached to the
Northern Army, and distinguished himself at Still-
water. In 1778, with his cousin. General Putnam, he
superintended the construction of fortifications at
West Point, and in 1783 was made Brigadier-General ;
and was Aid to General Lincoln during Shay's Rebel-
lion ; in 1788 was Superintendent of the Ohio Com-
pany, and he founded Marietta ; in 1789 was Judge of
the Supreme Court of North-west Territory ; in 1792
was Brigadier-General of Wayne's Army ; and in
1793, as United States Commissioner, he concluded an
important treaty with eight tribes of Indians at Vin-
cennes. From 1793 to 1803 was United States Survey-
or-General ; and was a member of the Constitutional
Convention of Ohio. Died in Marietta, Ohio, May 4,
1824.
Putnam^ Samuel, — Born in Danvers, Massa-
chusetts, April 13, 1768 ; graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1787 ; studied law, and commenced to
practice in Salem in 1790, attaining a high position at
the Essex County bar. He was State Senator from
Essex in 1808, 1809, 1813, and 1814 ; and a Represent-
ative in 1812 ; from 1814 to 1842 was Judge of the
Massachusetts Supreme Court. He died at Somer-
ville, Massachusetts, July 3, 1853.
Quarles, James 31, — Born in Louisa County,
Virginia, February 8, 1823 ; removed with his father
to Kentucky in 1833 ; received a common-school edu-
cation ; adopted the profession of law ; on removing
to Tennessee in 1846, he became Attorney-General of
the Tenth District ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ;
and was elected a Representative from Tennessee to
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee
on the Milita.
QuarleSf Tunstall, — He was born in Virginia ;
was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky
from 1817 to 1820, and was subsequently Receiver of
Public Moneys at Cape Girardeau, Missouri.
Quinc]/<, tTosiah, — Born in Boston, Massachu-
setts, February 4, 1772. He graduated at Harvard in
1790, and entered on the practice of law in Boston.
In 1804 he was chosen a Representative from Boston
in the Congress of the United States, and held that
station eight successive years, until he declined a re-
election in 1813. He was chosen State Senator for
Suffolk from 1814 to 1821 ; Representative from
Boston, and was Speaker of the House in 1820 ; was
a member of the Convention of 1820 to revise the
State Constitution ; Judge of the Municipal Court in
Boston in 1821 and 1822 ; and Mayor of Boston in
1823. He held the office of Mayor six successive
years, until he declined a re-election in December,
1828. In 1829 he was chosen President of Harvard
University, and held that office until his resignation
in 1845, and he received from that institution the de-
gree of LL.D. in 1824. His published works are
" Speeches in Congress, and Orations on Various Oc-
casions," " Memoir of Josiah Quincy, Jr., of Massa-
chusetts," " Centennial Address on the Two Hun-
dredth Anniversary of the Settlement of Boston," " A
History of Harvard University from 1636 to 1836,"
" Memoir of James Grahame, Historian of the United
States Army," "Memoir of Major Samuel Shaw,"
" History of the Boston Athenseum," "A Municipal
History of the Town and City of Boston from 1630 to
1830," " The Life of John Quincy Adams," and " Es-
says on the Selling of Cattle." Died in Boston, July
1, 1864.
Quitmafif tTohn A, — He was the son of Rev.
F. H. Quitman, D.D., and was born in Rhinebeck,
Dutchess County, New York, September 1, 1799; had
a liberal education ; studied theology, but preferred
the law, and in his twentieth year was a Professor of
Law in Mount Airy College, Pennsylvania. In 1820
he emigrated to Ohio, and was admitted to the bar of
that State, but soon afterwards, in 1821, removed to
Natchez, Mississippi. In 1827 he was elected to the
State Legislature ; in 1828 was appointed Chancellor
of the State, serving three years; served as a Dele-
g^ate to a " State Constitutional Convention ;" in 1835
he was elected to the State Senate, and, as President
of that body, was called upon to perform the duties
of Governor; in 1836 he distinguished himself as a
soldier and leader in behalf of Texas against Mexico;
in 1839 he visited Europe on Business for the Missis-
sippi Railroad ; on his return was appointed Judge of
the High Court of Errors and Appeals ; he served
with distinction in the Mexican War, and was for a
time the American Governor of Mexico; had a horse
shot from under him at Monterey ; commanded at
Victoria ; was at Vera Cruz and Ojo Del Agua ; com-
missioned by the President Major-General in the
army ; he also acquitted himself with great credit at
Chapultepec ; and was one of the first to enter the
City of Mexico ; was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ;
he was Governor of Mississippi in 1850 ; and in 1855
he was elected a Representative in Congress from
348
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Mississippi, and re-eleeted in 1857, serving- both terms
at the head of the Committee on Military Affairs.
By virtue of his experience and strict integrity he
ever commanded the respect of all, and the kindness
of his heart and amiable manners won for him troops
of friends among all parties. He was spoken of on
two occasions as the Democratic candidate for Vice-
President, and was the recognized leader of those
favorable to the annexation of Cuba. He died at his
residence in Mississippi, July 17, 1858.
Haburrif William, — Bom in Halifax County,
North Carolina, April 8, 1771 ; removed to Hancock
County, Georgia, at the age of fifteen, where with
slight advantages for education he gained a high
position in the State. He was a Judge of the Infe-
rior Court and a member of the Assembly, and State
Senate ; was Governor of Georgia from 1817 to 1819.
Died in Hancock County, October 23, 1819,
Hadford, William, — Was born in Poughkeep-
sie, Dutchess County, New York, June 24, 1814 ; re-
ceived a good common-school education ; settled in
New York City in 1829, and was for a long time en-
gaged in mercantile pursuits ; and in 1862 he was
elected a Representative from New York to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Public Buildings and Grounds. Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on
Elections and the Postal Railroad to New York.
Died at Yonkers, January 18, 1870.
Magnet f Condi/, — Born in Philadelphia, January
28, 1784 ; graduated at the University of Pennsylva-
nia, studied law, but entered a counting house, and
at the age of twenty was sent as supercargo of a
vessel to St, Domingo. In 1805, after a second voy-
age, he published "A short Account of St, Domingo,
and a Circumstantial Account of the Massacre there,"
In 1806 he became one of the founders and managers
of the Philadelphia Saving Fund ; was President of
the Pennsylvania Life Annuity Company, and also of
the Chamber of Commerce, In 1812 took an active
part in the defense of Philadelphia ; in 1815 was a
member of the Assembly, and afterward of the State
Senate, In 1822 was IJnited States Consul at Rio
Janeiro, and negotiated a treaty with Brazil to which
lie was the first Charge de Affaires, and held the po-
sition for five years. On his return home, became
editor of several journals, w^as a member of the
American Philosophical Society ; a contributor to the
Portfolio, published "Principles of Free Trade,"
Svo, 1836 ; " A Treatise on Currency and Banking"
in 1839 ; which was republished in London, and
translated into French, and published in Paris in
1840, Received the Degree of LL.D. from St. Mary's
College, Baltimore. Died in. Philadelphia, March 22,
1842.
Hainei/f Joseph S, — He was bom in George-
town, South Carolina, in Slavery, June 21, 1832. He
acquired a good education, and improved his mind by
observation and travel. His father was a barber, and
he followed that occupation at Charleston till 1862,
when he escaped to the West Indies, where he re-
mained until the close of the war, and returned to his
native town. He was elected a Delegate to the State
Constitutional Convention of 1868, was a member of
the State Senate in 1870, and elected to the Forty-
. first. Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth
Congresses, serving on the Committees on Freedmen's
A if airs and Indian Affairs.
Mamsay, David, — Born in Pennsylvania, April
2, 1749 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1765 ;
and, having studied medicine in Philadelphia, re-
ceived a Diploma from the Medical College of that
city in 1772. After a short sojourn in Maryland he
removed to South Carolina in 1773, and settled in
Charleston, where he attained eminence in his profes-
sion. He served in the Carolina Legislature during
the whole Revolutionary war ; also in the army as
surgeon ; and published much in behalf of the Amer-
ican cause. He was one of the Privy Council and
was banished to St, Augustine ; and he was a Dele-
gate to Congress from 1782 to 1784, and again from
1785 to 1786 ; and was temporary President during
the sickness of Hancock. In 1785 he published the
"History of the Revolution in South Carolina ; " in
1790 the " Historv of the American Revolution ;" in
1801 a "Life of Washington ;" in 1808 a "History
of South Carolina;" and he also wrote a "History
of the United States," and a "Universal History,"
which were published after his death. He died
May 7, 1815, from a wound received in the street
from a maniac.
Itamsai/f Nathaniel, — He was a Revolution-
ary Patriot of Maryland ; graduated at New Jersey
College in 1767. He was severely w^ounded at the
battle of Monmouth, w^hile checking the British col-
umn until Washington could rally his troops ; made
prisoner at Charleston ; exchanged December 14,
1780 ; w^as a Delegate from Maryland to the Conti-
nental Congress from 1785 to 1787. He died October
25, 1817. He w^as a brother of David, the historian.
Ham say f Hobert, — He was born in Pennsylva-
nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1841 to 1843.
Ramsey^ Alexander, — He was born in Dau-
phin County, near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Sep-
tember 8, 1815 ; was a Clerk in the office of the Re-
gister of that county in 1828 ; was Secretary of the
Electoral College of Pennsylvania in 1840 ; in 1841
was elected Clerk of the State House of Representa-
tives ; was a Representative in Congress from Penn-
sylvania from 1843 to 1847 ; and was Chairman in
1848 of the State Central Committee of Pennsylva-
nia. In 1849 he was appointed by President Taylor
the first Territorial Governor of Minnesota, holding
the office until 1853, during which service he took
part in 1849 in negotiating a treaty at Mendota for the
extinction of the title of the Sioux half-breeds to the
lands on Lake Pepin ; and in 1851 he negotiated
another treaty with the Sioux nation, by which the
government acquired all the lands in Minnesota west
of the Mississippi River, and opened that State to
the large population now settled there ; and also
made a treaty with the Chippewa Indians on Red
River, which he followed up with another in 1863.
In 1855 he was Mayor of the City of St. Paul, and
was elected Governor of the State of Minnesota in
1858; continuing in that office until 1862, In 1863 he
was elected a Senator in Congress from Minnesota,
for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Commit-
tees on Naval Affairs, Post-Offices and Post-Roads,
Patents, and the Patent Office, Expenses in the Sen-
ate, Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Revolutionary Pensions, and of those also
on Revolutionary Claims, Post-OflBces and Post-Roads,
and Territories. He was also a member of the Na-
tional Committee appointed to accompany the re-
mains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Re-elected
for tlK' term ending in 1875.
Mamseyf William, — Bom at Sterrett's Gap,
Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, September 7,
1779. In 1803 he was appointed Surveyor of his na-
tive county, an office held by his father during the
Revolution ; and he also held the offices of Protho-
notary. Register, Recorder, and Clerk of the Orphans'
Court ; studied law and practiced with success. In
1826 he was elected a member of Congress fiom
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
349
Pennsylvania ; re-elected in 1828 and 1830, and died
in September, 1831, at Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
Ramsey f William S, — Born in Carlisle, Penn-
sylvania, June 12, 1810 ; was educated at Dickinson
College, but, on account of bad health, did not gradu-
ate ; he traveled in Europe ; was an attache to the
American Legation in London, and formed the ac-
quaintance of Walter Scott and General Lafayette ;
returning to Carlisle, he was admitted to the bar in
1832 ; elected a Representative to Congress in 1838 ;
re-elected in 1840, but died in Baltimore, October 17,
1840, a few weeks after his election.
Randallf Aleocander, — He was born in Mary-
land, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1841 to 1843, serving on the Committee on
District of Columbia,
Handallf Alexander W. — He was born in
Montgomery County, New York, in October, 1819 ;
received a good education, and studied law ; removed
to Wisconsin in 1840 ; practiced his profession for
many years at Waukesha ; was appointed by Presi-
dent Taylor Postmaster of that place ; in 1854 he was
elected to the State Legislature ; in 1856 he was ap-
pointed Judge of the Second Judicial District of the
State ; in 1857 and 1859 he was elected Governor of
Wisconsin ; early in 1861 he was appointed by Presi-
dent Lincoln Minister Resident to Italy ; on his re-
turn at the close of the war he was appointed Assis-
tant Postmaster-General, and in 1866 he entered
President Johnson's Cabinet as Postmaster-General ;
was subsequently engaged in prosecuting claims be-
fore the General Government. Died at Elmira, New
York, July 25, 1872.
Handallf Archibald, — He studied law and was
admitted to the bar in 1818, and practiced with suc-
cess for more than twenty-five years. In 1834 he was
appointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; in
1842, Judge of the United States District Court for the
Eastern District of Pennsylvania ; and in 1844 pre-
sided over both the District and Circuit Courts, His
decisions in bankruptcy are in the Pennsylvania Law
Journal, from 1842 to 1846. He died in Philadelphia,
May 30, 1846, aged 46 years.
Handallf JBenJamin, — He was born in Massa-
chusetts in 1789 ; graduated at Bowdoin College in
1809; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1814, and commenced practice in Bath, Maine, where
he resided forty-five years. He was a member of the
State Senate in 1833, and a Representative in Con-
gress from Maine from 1839 to 1843, and a member of
the Committee on Invalid Pensions. He was ap-
pointed by President Taylor Collector of the Port of
Bath, and died at that place, October 14, 1857.
Mandallf Samuel J". — Was born in Philadel-
phia, October 10, 1828 ; educated in that city ; was
brought up a merchant, and has ever been engaged
in that pursuit ; served four years in the Councils of
his native city ; one term in the State Senate ; and in
1862 he was elected a Representative from Pennsyl-
vania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Re-
elected to the Tliirty-ninth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Banking and Currency, and Expendi-
tures in the State Department, and Retrenchment.
Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Retrenchment and on the Assassina-
tion of President Lincoln, as well as his old commit-
tees. Re-elected to the four succeeding Congresses,
serving on the Committees on Rules, Banking, and
Elections ; and at the opening of the Forty-fourth
Congress he was a prominent though unsuccessful
candidate for Speaker. In December, 1875, he was
appointed Chairman of the Committee on Appropria-
tions. It has been mentioned to his honor that at the
commencement of the Rebellion he enlisted as a pri-
vate soldier in the volunteer army, went to the front
with his company and while thus serving under Col-
onel George H. ^I'homas, was elected to Congress, and
that he was one of the first to propose that Colonel
Thomas should be made a Brigadier-General.
Randall, T, — He was a native of Maryland, well
educated, and a lawyer by profession ; and having re-
moved to Tallahassee, Florida, was appointed United
States Judge for that Territory, holding the position
until 1832.
Randall, William H, — Was born in Ken-
tucky ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1835 ; in
1836 was appointed Clerk of the Circuit and County
Court of Laurel County, which position he held until
1851 ; after the adoption of the State Constitution, he
held the office one year by election ; and was elected
a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv-
ing on the C^ommittee on Foreign Affairs, and Ex-
penditures on the Public Buildings. He was also a
Delegate to the Philadelphia" Loyalists' Convention"
of 1866.
Randolph, Rcverly, — He graduated at Wil-
liam and Mary College in 1771 ; was a member of the
Virginia Assembly during the Revolution ; and Gov-
ernor of Virginia from 1788 to 1791. Died February,
1797, aged forty-three years.
Randolph, Edmund, — He was a native of
Virginia ; was an eminent lawyer and a warm sup-
porter of the Revolution. He was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress from Virginia from 1779 to
1783 ; in 1788 was a member of the Convention which
formed the Constitution of the United States, but
voted against its adoption. In 1788 was Governor of
Virginia. In 1789 was Attorney-General of the United
States, and in 1794 was Secretary of State ; but en-
gaging in an intrigue with the French Minister, he
lost the confidence of the cabinet and resigned in 1795.
He died September 12, 1813.
Randolph, James F, — Bom in Middlesex
County, New Jersey, June 26, 1791 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; served an apprenticeship to
the printing business, and became editor of the Fre-
donia, a weekly newspaper, in 1812, and continued in
that capacity for thirty years. He was appointed
Collector of the Internal Revenue of the United
States in 1815, and held that office till the close of
the war in Texas. He was subsequently Clerk of the
Court of Common Pleas for his native county, and for
two years a member of the State Legislature. He
was a Representative in Congress from 1828 to 1833,
and was afterwards President of a bank in New
Brunswick, New Jersey, for ten years. Died in Jer-
sey City, March 19, 1871.
Randolph, John, of Roanoke,— Re was
born in Chesterfield, Virginia, June 2, 1773, and
claimed descent, through his grandmother, from
Pocahontas, the daughter of Powhatan, the great
Indian chief. His father died in 1775, leaving three
sons and a large estate ; and his mother was married
in 1783 to St. George Tucker, who was his guardian
during his minority. His early life was spent at dif-
ferent places, under different instructors, of most of
whom he said " he never learned anything." He
passed a short time at Princeton College, Columbia
College, and at William and Mary College ; and for a
time he studied law with Edmund Randolph. He
was elected a Representative in Congress in 1799,
350
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
and he continued a member of the House of Repre-
sentatives, with the exception of two intervals of two
years each, until 1823 ; in that year he was a mem-
bea of the Convention to revise the Constitution of
Virginia, and he was afterwards appointed Minister
Plenipotentiary to Russia, by President Jackson, in
1830. During one of the intervals alluded to, from
1825 to 1827, he was a Senator of the United States.
He was never married, and was possessed of a large
estate on the Roanoke, He died at Philadelphia,
May 24, 1833, while about to depart for Europe for
the restoration of his feeble health. He was distin-
guished alike for his genius, his effective eloquence,
a fearful power of sarcasm in debate, and for many
eccentricities of thought and manner. He had a
quarrel with Henry Clay which resulted in a duel,
when he allowed himself to be shot at and then
threw away his fire. He was noted for his love of
horses ; and for many years, while attending Con-
gress, he resided in Georgetown, District of Colum-
bia, from which he was in the habit of driving to the
Capitol in regal style, in a barouche, drawn by four
blood-horses.
Mandolphf Joseph Fitz. — Born in 1803, in
New Jersey, and obtained an ordinary school educa-
tion, after which he studied law, and was licensed to
practice in 1825 ; he settled at Monmouth Court
House, and was appointed State's Attorney for the
county. He was a Representative in Congress from
1837 to 1843, and during one term he was Chairman
of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. In 1844
he was a member of the Convention which framed
the State Constitution ; and in 1845 was appointed a
Judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, for seven
years, after which he resumed the practice of his pro-
fession at Trenton, where he now resides. He was
also a member of the " Peace Congress " of 1861.
Randolphf JPeter, — He was born in Maryland,
and, on removing to Mississippi, he was appointed a
Judge of the United States Court for the District of
Mississippi.
Mandolph, Peyton, — He was a native of Vir-
ginia, and in 1723 was one of the most distinguished
lawyers and patriots of that State. In 1756 he was
appointed King's Attorney for the Colony of Virginia,
and held the office for many years. In 1766 he was
elected Speaker of the House of Burgesses. In 1773
was a member of the Committee on Correspondence ;
was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774
to 1775, and was the first President of that body. He
died suddenly in Philadelphia, October 22, 1775, aged
fifty -two years.
BandolpJif Theodore F, — Born in New Bruns-
wick, New Jersey, June 24, 1826 ; was connected by
marriage with Chief -Justice Marshall, and cast his
first vote in Mississippi ; resided in Hudson County,
New Jersey, from 1850 to 1862 ; since which time he
has resided in Morristown ; in 1860 was elected to the
House of Assembly, and declined the Speakership of
that body ; in 1861 was Chairman of the Special Com-
mittee on the " Peace Congress," and inaugurated
the measure for the relief of the families of soldiers ;
in 1861 was elected State Senator, to fill an unexpired
term, and re-elected in 1862, serving till 1865 ; in
1862 was appointed Commissioner of Draft for Hud-
son County ; in 1867 was elected President of the
Morris and Essex Railroad Company, which position
he still holds. He was elected Governor of New Jersey
in 1868 ; caused a repeal of the " Odious Camden and
Amboy Monopoly Tax," and established a general
railway law ; made the State Prison system self-sup-
porting ; suggested the plan for the new State Lunatic
Asylum, now, the largest in the world ; also settled a
feud of thirty years standing between the Erie and
Delaware Railroads. Since the expiration of that
office he has been engaged in farming and mining.
He was elected United States Senator from New Jer-
sey in 1874 for six years, and is a member of the
" National Democratic Convention " from New Jersey.
JRandolphf Thomas Mann, — He was a native
of Virginia ; was appointed Colonel of the Twentieth
Infantry in 1813 ; was Governor of Virginia from
1819 to 1822 ; and a Representative in Congress from
1803 to 1807. He died at Monticello, June 20, 1828.
Jtanlcin^ Christopher, — He was born in Wash-
ington County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Mississippi from 1819 to 1826.
Died March 14, 1826, in Washington City.
Mansier, Alonzo J". — He was born in Charles-
ton, South Carolina, in January, 1834 ; was self-edu-
cated and employed as shipping-clerk ; was one of
the foremost in the work of reconstruction in 1865 ; a
member of a "Convention of the Friends of Equal
Rights " in October, 1865, at Charleston, and was
deputed to present the memorial there framed to
Congress ; elected to the State Constitutional Conven-
tion of 18G8 ; to the State Legislature in 1868 ; Chair-
man of the State Republican Committee, which posi-
tion he held until 1872 ; was elected a Presidential
Elector in 1868 ; Lieutenant-Governor in 1870 ; was
President of the Convention at Columbia in 1871 ; a
Vice-President of the " Philadelphia Convention" in
1872 ; and was elected to the Forty-third Congress,
serving on the Committee on Manufactures.
Hansom f EpapJirodittis. — He was bom in
Massachusetts ; received a collegiate education ; and
having studied law, was admitted to the bar in his
native State. He removed to Michigan about the
time that it became a State and settled at Kalamazoo ;
he served a number of years in the Legislature ; was
Judge of the Su;fireme Court, where his field of labor
was very extensive ; and subsequently, taking a
special interest in the building of plank roads in his
section of country, he became involved, and in that
manner lost the bulk of his property. He resigned
his Judgeship in 1845 ; and his term of service as
Governor of the State was from 1847 to 1849 ; and
he afterwards made himself useful to the State by
acting as President of the Michigan Agricultural So-
ciety. By President Buchanan he was appointed Re-
ceiver of the Land Office for one of the districts of
Kansas, and died there before the expiration of his
term. He was a man of sound sense, and left a
worthy reputation in Michigan. He was on several
occasions appointed a Regent of the State University.
Hansom, Mathetv W, — Was born in Warren
County, North Carolina, October 8, 1826 ; received an
academic education ; graduated at the University of
North Carolina in 1847 ; studied law and came to the
bar in 1847 ; was elected Attorney-General of North
Carolina in 1852, and resigned in 1855 ; was a member
of the Legislature in 1858, 1859, and 1860 ; was a
Peace Commissioner from the State to the Congress of
Southern States at Montgomery, Alabama, in 1861 ;,
entered the Confederate Army, and was Lieutenant-
Colonel, Brigadier-General, and Major-General, and
surrendered at Appomattox ; was elected to the
United States Senate in 1872 for the term ending
in 1877, serving on the Committees on Patents, Po-
litical Disabilities, Revision of Laws, and Military
Affairs.
Hantotilf Robert, — Born in Beverly, Massachu-
setts, May 13, 1805. He graduated at Harvard Univer-
sity in 1826 ; studied law ; was admitted to the bar
in 1827, and settled in practice in South Reading, and
removed to Gloucester in 1832 ; was elected to the
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
351
State Legislature in 1834, and in 1837 a member of
the Massachusetts Board of Education. In 1838 he
removed to Boston, and in 1843 was appointed Collec-
tor of that port ; in 1845 was appointed by President
Polk United States District Attorney for Massachu-
setts ; in 1851 succeeded Mr. Webster in the United
States Senate, but remained there only a short time ;
and was a Representative in Congress from 1851 to
the time of his death, which occurred at Washington,
August 7, 1852. His writings have since been pub-
lished in a large volume.
Hapier, J'ames T, — Was born in Florence, Al-
abama, in 1840 ; educated in Canada ; appointed
Notary Public in 1866 ; was a member of the first
Republican Convention held in Alabama ; represented
Lauderdale County in the Constitutional Convention
in 1867 ; was appointed assessor of Internal Revenue
in 1871 ; was State Commissioner to the Vienna Ex-
position in 1873 ; and was elected to the Forty-third
Congress, serving on the Committees on Education
and Labor. Re-elected to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
ItarideUf tTames, — He was a native of Ken-
tucky, and was an early settler of the White Water
Valley, Indiana ; he was self-educated, and became
eminent as a lawyer. He was a Representative in
Congress from Indiana from 1837 to 1841, and died at
Cambridge City in that State.
JRathbufif George. — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1843 to 1847.
Haitm, Green S» — He was born in Golconda,
Pope County, Illinois, December 3, 1829 ; received a
good education and adopted the profession of the
law ; in 1861 he participated in the war for the Union
as Major of the Fifty-sixth Illinois Volunteers ; was
promoted to the rank of Colonel in 1862 ; to the rank
of Brevet Brigadier-General in 1864 ; to the full rank
of Brigadier in 1865, serving in the army of the Ten-
nessee until January of the latter year ; he command-
ed a brigade duiing the siege of Vicksburg, with
General McPherson ; went with General Sherman to
Chattanooga in 1863, commanding a brigade; was at
the battle of Mission Ridge, and commanded a brig-
ade during the great march through Georgia and Sa-
vannah, in 1864. In 1866 he was elected a Repre-
sentative from Illinois to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Mileage, and Military
Affairs.
Rawlins f John A. — Born in Galena, Illinois,
Febuary 13, 1831 ; received an academical education ;
studied law and came to the bar in 1854 ; from the
outset of the Rebellion, he espoused the Union cause;
went upon the Staff of his personal friend General
Grant as Assistant Adjutant-General ; after seeing
much service in the field, he rose by degrees to the
rank of Major-General by brevet, commissioned as
such March 13, 1865 ; served as Chief of Staff to the
General commanding the annies ; and on the accession
of General Grant to the Presidency, General Rawlins
was appointed Secretary of War. Died in Washing-
ton, September 6, 1869.
Maiff tfames S, — He was Governor of Indiana
from 1825 to 1831.
Maify William H, — He was born in Dutchess
County, New York, December 14, 1812 ; removed to
Oneida County in 1813, and in 1834 to Illinois ; re-
ceived a common-school education ; was a merchant
and banker ; appointed in 1869 one of the Board of
Equalizers ; and was elected to the Forty -third Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture.
MayinOndf Henry J". — He was born in Lima,
Livingston County, New York, January 24, 1820. As
a boy he worked upon his father's farm in summer,
and attended school in winter ; became a teacher in a
district school when sixteen years of age ; graduated
at the University of Vermont in 1840 ; soon after-
wards removed to New York City, and while study-
ing law, taught the classics and wrote for the JSfew
Yorker ; in 1841 he became the managing editor of
the New York Tribune, and did much for its reputa-
tion, and subsequently became the leading editor of
the New York Courier and Enquirer, performing at
the same time the duties of reader for the firm of
Harper Brothers. In 1849 he was elected to the
State Assembly ; was re-elected and made Speaker,
and relinquishing his position on the Courier on ac-
count of his health, traveled to Europe, On his re-
turn in 1851 he established the New York Times,
which was eminently successful ; in 1852 he attended
the ' ' Baltimore Convention " as a reporter, but be-
came a delegate, and took an important part in its
proceedings ; in 1856 he became a leader in the Re-
publican party ; was subsequently chosen Lieutenant-
Governor of New York ; was a Delegate to the " Chi-
cago Convention " of 1869 ; was again elected to the
State Legislature, and in 1864 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Appropriations,
on Rules, and Foreign Affairs ; and as Chairman of
a Special Committee on the Ventilation of the Hall of
Representatives. He visited Europe a second time,
and wrote a series of war letters, which attracted
much attention ; and in 1865 he published a " Life of
Abraham Lincoln," including a history of his admin-
istration, which was subsequently amplified and
published as the " Life, Public Services, and State
Papers of Abraham Lincoln." He was also a Dele-
gate to the Philadelphia "National Convention" of
1866. Died in New York, June 18, 1869.
Mayner, Kenneth. — Born in Bertie County,
North Carolina, in 1808 ; received an academical edu-
cation ; and though he studied law he did not prac-
tice. He entered public life in 1835 as a member of
the House of Commons, and the same year was a
member of the Convention to revise the State Consti-
tution. He served again in the local Legislature in
1836 and 1838, and was a Representative in Congress
from 1839 to 1845, and a Presidential Elector in 1848.
In 1846 he went for the third time into the Legisla-
ture. In 1866 he published the " Life and Services
of Andrew Johnson."
JRea, John, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1803 to 1811, and again
from 1813 to 1815.
Mead, Almon IT. — He was born in Shelbume,
Vermont, June 12, 1790 ; graduated at Williamstown
College ; studied law, and removing to Pennsylvania
was frequently elected to the State Legislature ; also
to the Senate ; in 1840 was appointed Treasurer of
the State ; and in 1841 was elected to fill a vacancy in
the National House of Representatives, and re-elected
to the succeeding Congress. Died at Montrose, Penn-
sylvania, June 3, 1844. He also was a member of the
" State Constitutional Convention" of 1836.
JReadf George. — Born in Cecil County, Mary-
land, in 1733, but with his father removed to New
Castle County, Delaware. He was educated for the
law, and was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia at
the age of nineteen, and practiced his profession in
New Castle ; was made Attorney-General of the three
lower counties on the Delaware in 1763, and held the
oflSce until he was chosen a Delegate to Congress in
1775. In 1776 he was a signer of the Declaration of
Independence. He was President of the Convention
352
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
which formed the first Constitution of Delaware, and
also a member of the Convention which framed the
Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument ;
and was elected a member of the United States Sen-
ate, serving from 1789 to 1793. He was then ap-
pointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Dela-
ware, in which office he remained until his death in
1798. He was one of those who voted for locating the
Seat of Government on the Potomac.
JReadf J. — He was a Delegate from Pennsylvania
to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788.
Read, Jacob, — He was a Delegate from South
Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1783 to
1786 ; elected a Senator in Congress from that State
for the term from 1795 to 1802, serving a short time as
President yro tern, of that body ; and was appointed,
by President Adams, Judge of the United States Dis-
trict Court of South Carolina, in 1801.
Read, John 3Ieredith, — Born in Philadelphia,
July 21, 1797 ; graduated at the University of Penn-
sylvania in 1812 ; admitted to the bar in 1819 ; was a
member of the Legislature in 1823 and 1824 ; City So-
licitor of Philadelphia ; appointed Attorney-General
of the State in 1848 ; and Judge Advocate of the Court
of Inquiry on Commodore Elliot ; Judge of the Supe-
rior Court from 1860 ; Vice-President of the Pennsyl-
vania Historical Society ; member of the American
Philosophical Society ; associate Counsel with Thad-
deus Stevens, in 1851, in defense of C. Hanway for
constructive treason ; was the author of a great many
addresses, legal opinions, speeches, etc. Received
the degree of LL.D. from Brown University in 1860.
Died in Philadelphia in November, 1874. His son,
with same name, was Minister to Greece.
Mead^ John Meredith, — He wa&bornin Phila-
delphia in 1837, son of the eminent Judge bearing
the same name. He graduated at Brown University
in 1858 ; at the Albany Law School in 1859 ; admitted
to the bar in Philadelphia, but settled in Albany ; was
Adjutant-General of New York during the Rebellion ;
Trustee of Cornell University ; author of a work on
"Plants and Animals," one on " Hendrick Hudson,"
and also of many miscellaneous writings. He was for-
merly Consul-General at Paris ; in 1873 was appointed
Minister Resident to Greece, and is still in office.
Meadf Lazarus H, — He was an early emigrant
to Utah, and in 1853 was appointed Judge of the
United States Court for the Territory of Utah.
Headf Nathan, — Born in Essex County, Massa-
chusetts, in 1760 ; graduated at Harvard University in
1781, and, two years afterwards, officiated as tutor in
that institution. He was a Representative in Congress
from Massachusetts from 1800 to 1803, having suc-
ceeded S. Seawell ; and, having removed to Hallowell,
Maine, was for many years Judge of the Court of
Common Pleas. He was devoted to science, and a
petitioner for a patent for an invention before the
Patent Laws were enacted ; and, before the time of
Fulton's experiments, he had tried the effect of steam
upon a boat in Wenham Pond. He died at Hallowell,
January 20, 1849.
Mead, TJiomas B, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from Mississippi from 1826 to 1827, and also
during the session of 1829, and died suddenly, on his
way to Washington, at Lexington, Kentucky, No-
vember 26, 1829. He was in the meridian of life, and
a man of talents.
Readf William IB, — He was born in Hardin
County, Kentucky, December 14, 1820 ; studied law,
and came to the bar in 1849, and has since practiced ;
was appointed Visitor to West Point in 1856 ; elected
to the State Senate of Kentucky in 1857, and again in
1861 ; was a Delegate to the National Democratic Con-
ventions of Charleston and Baltimore in 1860, and of
Chicago in 1864 ; was elected to the Legislature of
Kentucky in 1867, and was elected to the Forty-second
and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee
on Post-Offices and Post-Roads.
Meade, Edwin G, — Bom in Orange County,
North Carolina, November 13, 1812 ; he had a liberal
education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1836, in Person County, and engaged in a lucrative
practice. He was elected a Representative in Congress
in 1855, serving until 1857. He was a member and
President of the " Reconstruction Convention," held
in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1865.
Meading, John M, — Born in Philadelphia Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, November 1, 1826 ; graduated at the
Jefferson Medical College, and adopted the practice
of medicine ; was elected a Representative from
Pennsylvania to the Forty-first Congress, serving on
the Committees on the Militia, and Retrenchment.
Mead]/, Charles, — Bom at Readyville, Ruther-
ford County, Tennessee, December 22, 1802. He
graduated at Greenville College, and received from
the Nashville University the degree of Master of
Arts. He was bred a lawyefl*, and has practiced his
profession with success. He was a member of the
Tennessee Legislature in 1835, and closely identified
with the organization of the Judiciary. By special
commission he has twice presided in the Supreme
Court of Tennessee, and was elected a Representative
in Congress from that State in 1853, to which position
he has been twice re-elected, and was a member of the
Committee on the Judiciary. He took part in the
Rebellion.
Meagan, John II, — Born in Sevier County, Ten-
nessee, October 8, 1818 ; a lawyer by profession ; was
appointed Deputy Surveyor in the Republic of Texas
in 1840 ; and in 1843 was a Justice of the Peace and
a Militia Captain ; in 1846, Probate Judge and Colo-
nel of Militia ; and elected a member of the Legisla-
ture in 1847 ; was a Judge of the District Court from
1852 to 1857, when he was elected a member of the
Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on
Indian Affairs and Expenditures in the Post-Office
Department. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress;
withdrew in February, 1861, and became Postmaster-
General of the Rebel Government. He was subse-
quently confined as a Prisoner of State in Fort War-
ren, and released by order of President Johnson.
Re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress,
Meavis, Isaac, — He was born in Illinois ; re-
moved to Nebraska, and was appointed from that
Territory an Associate Justice of the United States
Court for the Territory of Arizona, residing in Ari-
zona City.
Mector, Henry JM, — He was Governor of Arkan-
sas from 1860 to 1864.
Medfield, Isaac Fletcher, — Born in Wethers-
field.Vermont, April 10, 1804; graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1825 ; studied law, and began to practice
in Derby, Vermont, in 1827 ; afterward in Windsor,
and in 1861 removed to Boston. He was State's At-
torney for Orleans County, from 1832 to 1835 ; Judge
of the Vermont Superior Judicial Court from 1835 to
1858 ; Chief Justice from 1852 to 1861 ; Professor of
Medical Jurisprudence in Dartmouth College from
1857 to 1861 ; a Commissioner to adjust United States
Claims on Great Britain in 1867 ; author of a treatise
on "The Law of Railways," "Law of Carriers,"
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
353
" Leading- American Cases," " Law of Wills," 3 vols.
8vo. Editor of " Greenleaf on Evidence," 3 vols,
8vo, 1868, with W. A. Herrick ; " Treatise on Civil
Pleading and Practice," 1868.
Medingf tfolm JR, — He was born in New Hamp-
shire, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1841 to 1845. From 1853 to 1858 he
held the office of Naval Storekeeper at Portsmouth.
Heedy Charles M, — He was born in Pennsylva-
nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1843 to 1845.
Meedf Edtvard C* — He was born in Fitzwilliam,
New Hampshire, March 8, 1793; graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1812 ; settled at Homer, New York,
as a lawver ; and was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1831 to 1833.
Heedf Isaac, — Born in Waldoborough, Maine,
in 1810 ; was a merchant by occupation, and a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Maine from 1852 to
1853. He served six years in the State Legislature ;
was State Treasurer in 1856 ; and President of the
Waldoborough Bank.
Heedf tTohn, — Born in Plymouth County, Massa-
chusetts ; graduated at Yale College in 1772; was or-
dained a minister of the Gospel in 1780, and settled at
West Bridgewater, Massachusetts. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1795 to
1801. He died February 17, 1831, aged eighty years.
Heedf tfohn* — He was a native of Bridgewater,
Massachusetts, having been born in 1781 ; was a grad-
uate of Brown University, in 1803 ; a lawyer by pro-
fession, and a Representative in Congress from
Massachusetts from 1813 to 1817, and again from 1821
to 1841. He was the son of the foregoing, and was
Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts from 1844 to
1851. Died at Bridgewater, November 25, 1860.
Heedf Joseph* — Born in New Jersey, August 27,
1741 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1757 ; studied
law at the Temple in London ; in 1774 he was one of
the Committer of Correspondence in Philadelphia ;
was President of the first popular Convention in Penn-
sylvania ; accompanied Washington as an Aid when he
went to Cambridge, and remained with the General
through the campaign ; in 1776 he was appointed
Adjutant-General of the army; he was appointed a
General of Cavalry, but declined the position, though
he was present at the battle of Germantown. He
was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1777
to 1778, and a signer of the Articles of Confederation;
was President of Pennsylvania in the latter year, con-
tinuing in the office until 1781, when he resumed the
practice of law. In 1784 he visited England for his
health, but without happy results, and he died March
4, 1785. An attempt to bribe him was made by the
British, but it was treated with the utmost scorn.
Heedf Philip, — He was born in Kent County,
Maryland ; and was a Senator in Congress from Mary-
land from 1806 to 1813, and a Representative in Con-
gress from 1817 to 1819, and again from 1822 to 1823,
having successfully contested the seat of Jeremiah
Causden. He died November 2, 1829.
Heedf Hobert H, — He was born in Pennsylva-
nia ; studied medicine and practiced the profession ;
served one or two terms in the Legislature of Penn-
sylvania ; and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1849 to 1851. Died at Harrisburg,
December 15, 1864.
Heedf William, — He was a native of Massachu-
23
setts, an eminent merchant, and highly esteemed for
his benevolent and religious character. He was a
member of Congress from Massachusetts from 1811
to 1815 ; was President of the Sabbath-school Union
of Massachusetts, and of the American Tract Society;
Vice-President of the American Education Society ; a
member of the Board of Visitors of the Theological
Seminary at Andover, and of the Board of Trustees
of Dartmouth College. Besides liberal bequests to
heirs and relatives, he left $68,000 to benevolent ob-
jects, of which $17,000 were to Dartmouth College,
$10,000 to Amherst College, $10,000 to the Board of
( ommissioners for Foreign Missions, $9,000 to the
First Church and Society in Marblehead, $7,000 to
the Second Congregational Church of Marblehead,
and $5,000 to the Library of the Theological Semi-
nary at Andover. He died at Marblehead, February
18, 1837, very suddenly, while attending a Sabbath-
school meeting.
Heedf William Hradford, — Born in Philadel-
phia, June 30, 1806 ; graduated at the University of
Pennsylvania in 1822 ; was Attorney-General of Penn-
sylvania in 1838 ; United States Minister to China in
1857 and 1858, and negotiated the Treaty ratified in
1861. Author of " Life and Correspondence of Joseph
Reed," ''Life of Esther Reed," " Vindication of Jo-
seph Reed," in reply to Bancroft's History, in several
pamphlets ; edited the posthumous works of hia
brother Henry ; and published a large number of his-
torical addresses and political pamphlets ; also con-
tributed to the American Quarterly, and North
American Bemew.
HeesCf JDai^id A. — He was born in South Caro-
lina, and was a Representative in Congress from Geor-
gia from 1853 to 1855.
HeereSf Henry A , — He was born in Sag Harbor,
Long Island, in 1833. After going through a course
of studies at the University of Michigan, he graduated
at Union College, New York, in 1852 : taught school
for two years ; studied law, and came to the bar in
Brooklyn, New York, in 1857 ; in 1858 he purchased
the Republican Watchman, published at Greenport,
Long Island, and edited the same ; in 1861 he was
arrested by order of Secretary Seward, and confined
for five we6ks in Fort Lafayette, for alleged disloyalty,
as was supposed ; in 1868 he was elected a Repre-
sentative from New York to the Forty-first Congress,
serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and Navy
Department.
Heidf David S, — Born in Rockingham County,.
North Carolina, April 19, 1813. He studied law, and
was admitted to practice in 1843 ; he was elected to
the State Legislature in 1835, and served continuously
until 1842. In 1843 he was elected a Representative
in Congress from North Carolina, serving that term ;
and was re-elected in 1845 for a second term ; he was,
in 1850, elected Governor of North Carolina, and re-
elected in 1852, serving until 1855, when he was
elected a Senator in Congress for four years. He was
Chairman of the Committee on Patents and the Pat-
ent Ofl&ce, and a member of the Committee on Com-
merce. He was also elected a Delegate to the " Peace
Congress " of 1861.
Heidf John TF.— Was born in Lynchburg, Vir-
ginia, June 14, 1821 ; received a good English educa-
tion ; removed to Missouri in 1840 ; studied law, and
came to the bar in 1844 ; served with credit in the
Mexican War, in 1846, as Captain of a company of
mounted volunteers, with Colonel Doniphan ; settled
in Jackson County, practicing his profession ; served
two se-ssions in the Missouri Legislature ; and was
elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-
354
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
seventli Congress,
cember, 1861.
Expelled from the House in De-
Reidf JRobert JB. — He was born in Beaufort Dis-
trict, South Carolina, in 1789 ; removed early in life
to Georgia ; was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1818 to 1823 ; was elected Mayor of Au-
gusta on his retirement from Congress ; was also a
Judge of the Superior Court of Georgia ; was appoint-
ed, in 1832, by President Jackson, District Judge for
Eastern Florida ; and was appointed, by President
Van Buren, Governor of the Territory of Florida from
1839 to 1841 ; was a member of the Convention which
formed a State Constitution for Florida, over which
body he presided in a creditable manner. He died
near Tallahassee, July 1, 1844.
Heillyf tfatnes J5. — Born in Schuylkill County,
Pennsylvania, August 12, 1845 ; graduated at Potts-
ville High School ; studied law, and was admitted to
practice in 1869 ; was elected District Attorney in
1871, and served in that office until 1875 ; was elect-
ed, in 1874, a Representative from Pennsylvania to
the Forty-fourth Congress.
JReilly, fTolm, — Born at Abnerville, Indiana
County, Pennsylvania, February 22, 1836 ; received a
common-school education ; was clerk in a country
store from the age of sixteen until eighteen ; in 1854
entered the service of the Pennsylvania Railroad
Company in the Engineer Corps ; filled various minor
positions until 1865, when he was appointed Superin-
tendent of Transportation, which position he still re-
tains ; was President of the Board of City Commis-
sioners of Altoona in 1867 and 1868 ; was President of
the Bell's Gap Railroad Company during 1872 and
1873, and was also connected with the manufacturing
and mining interests of the State ; in 1874 he was
elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
Meillijf Wilson, — Born in Pennsylvania ; fol-
lowed for a time the business of a hatter ; and was
elected a Representative in Congress in 1857 from
Pennsylvania, serving as a member of the Committee
on Patents. Of late years he has been devoted to the
practice of law.
Meili/f Luther, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1837 to 1839.
Melfe, tTames H, — ^He was born in Virginia, and
having settled in Missouri, was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State from 1843 to 1847.
Hencher^ Abraham, — Born in Wake County,
North Carolina, and in 1822 graduated at the Univer-
sity of that State. He practiced law for a time, but,
taking an interest in politics, was -elected to Congress,
where he served from 1829 to 1839, and again from
1841 to 1842 ; Charge d'AfEaires to Portugal in 1843 ;
and he was appointed by President Buchanan Gov-
ernor of the Territory of New Mexico.
Hevels^ Hiram M, — He was born in Fayette-
ville. North Carolina, September 1, 1822, of African
descent ; desiring to obtain an education, he removed
to Indiana ; spent some time at the Quaker Seminary
in Union County, and at the Clark County Seminary,
when he became a preacher ; at the breaking out of
ithe war he assisted in the organization of the first col-
ored regiments in Maryland and Missouri ; taught
school in St. Louis, then went to Vicksburg, and assist-
ed in managing the freedmen's affairs ; followed the
army to Jackson ; organized churches, and lectured ;
sperlt the next two years in Kansas and Missouri,
preatihing and lecturing ; returned to Mississippi and
settled at Natchez ; was chosen a member of the City
Council ; and was a Senator in Congress from Feb-
ruary, 1870 to March, 1871, having been the first of his
race elected to that position. He subsequently became
a preacher in the Methodist church, and was quite
successful.
Reynolds f Gideon, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1847 to 1851.
Reynolds, James B, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Tennessee from 1815 to 1817,
and again from 1823 to 1825.
Reynolds f tfohn, — Born in Montgomery County,
Pennsylvania, February 26, 1789 ; of Irish parents,
who landed in Philadelphia in 1786 ; he belonged to
a company of scouts in the campaigns against the In-
dians, in 1812 and 1813 ; practiced law in Cahokia ;
was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois in 1818;
a member of the Legislature from 1826 to 1830, 1846
to 1848, 1852 to 1854 ; the last term Speaker ; he was
Governor of Illinois from 1830 to 1834 ; commanded
the Illinois Volunteers during the Black Hawk War
in 1832 ; was a Representative in Congress from 1835
to 1837, and from 1839 to 1843 ; he published
"Pioneer History of Illinois," in 1848 ; "Glance at
the Crystal Palace, and Sketches of Travel," in 1854 ;
"My Life and Times," 1855 ; and at one time con-
ducted the Belleville Eagle, a daily paper. Died at
Belleville, Illinois, May 8, 1865.
Reynold s.f John H, — Born in Morcau, Saratoga
County, New York, June 21, 1819 ; received his edu-
cation at the academies of Evansville, Sandy Hill, and
Kinderhook, New York, and was also at Bennington,
Vermont ; studied law and was admitted to the bar
in 1843 ; in 1853 was appointed Postmaster at Albany,
by President Pierce, but removed in 1854 for insub-
ordination as a party man ; in 1858 was elected a
Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on
the Judiciary. He was subsequently appointed a
Judge of the Court of Appeals, and also a Commis-
sioner of Appeals. Died at Kinderhook, September
24, 1875.
Reynolds f Joseph, — He w^as born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1835 to 1837. He also served in the Assembly
of that State in 1819.
Reynolds, Robert 31, — Was born in Ohio ; be-
came a citizen of Alabama ; and was appointed from
that State, in 1874, Minister Resident to Bolivia, re-
siding at La Paz.
Reynolds, Thomas, — Born in Bracken County,
Kentucky. March 12, 1796 ; he studied law, and set-
tled in Illinois when quite young ; he was Clerk of
the House, afterwards Speaker ; Attorney-General of
the State ; Judge of the Supreme Court. In 1828 he
removed to Missouri, where he was a member of the
State Legislature, and President Judge of a court
of justice ; was Governor of Missouri from 1840 to
1844. He became a monomaniac, and committed sui-
cide, at Jefferson City, February 9, 1844.
Rhea, John, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Tennessee from 1803 to 1815, and from
1817 to 1823. In 1816 he was appointed United States
Commissioner to treat with the Choctaws. Died May
27, 1832, aged seventy-nine years.
Rhett, Robert Rarnwell, — He was born in
Beaufort, South Carolina, December 24, 1800 ; re-
ceived a liberal education, and adopted the profession
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
355
of law ; in 1826 he was elected to the State Legis-
lature, and in 1832 he was elected Attorney-General
of South Carolina ; was a Representative in Con-
gress from 1838 to 1847, and for a second term ending
in 1849 ; and was a Senator in Congress daring the
years 1850, 1851, and a part of 1852, having resigned
» contrary to the wishes of his State. He is said to
have been the first man who proposed and advocated,
on the floor of Congress, a dissolution of the Union.
Of late years he has lived wholly retired from public
life on an extensive plantation. He took part in the
Rebellion of 1861, as a member of the Confederate
Congress. Was a Delegate to the New York Conven-
tion of 1868.
HhodeSf Samriel, — He was a Delegate from
Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress, from 1774
to 1775.
Hicaffdf Jaines J?. — Born in Baltimore, Mary-
land, February 11, 1808 ; graduated at Washington
College, Maryland, and was a lawyer by profession ;
was a member of the House of Delegates of Mary-
land in 1834, and of the State Senate of Maryland
from 1836 to 1844, inclusive ; was an Elector of
President and Vice-President in 1836 and 1844 ; and
a Representative in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fif f-h
Congresses, serving on the Committee on Manufac-
tures, and also on that for Investigating the Accounts of
a late Clerk of the House. He resigned his seat in the
Maryland Senate, and was appointed Judge of the
Circuit Court. Died at Chestertown, Maryland, Jan-
uary 24, 1866.
JRice, Aleocander H, — Born in Newton, Massa-
chusetts, in August, 1818 ; received a common-school
education ; served in his father's paper-mill as a clerk
while yet a mere boy ; subsequently graduated at
Union College in 1844, after which he entered on his
own account into the paper business ; in 1853 was
elected to the Common Council of Boston, and becanie
the President of that body ; was Mayor of Boston in
1856 and 1857 ; and was elected a Representative
from Massachusetts to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving on the Committee on the District of Colum-
bia. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Naval Affairs, and on Ex-
penditures in the Treasury Department. Re-elected
to the Thirty -eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of
the Committee on Naval Affairs, in which capacity he
introduced a large number of important measures.
Also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving
on the Committees on Unfinished Business, and Naval
Affairs. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
" Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ; and to the Chicago
Convention of 1868. He was subsequently elected May-
or of Boston, and in 1875 Governor of Massachusetts.
nice, Americiis V. — Born in Perryville, Ash-
land County, Ohio, November 18, 1835 ; graduated at
Union College, New York, in 1860 ; served in the war
for the Union from 1861 to 1865, entering as a private
and coming out as a Brigadier-General ; was wounded
a number of times, and lost his right leg in Georgia ;
in 1864 he was elected to Congress on the home vote,
but defeated by the soldiers' vote ; in 1868 he became
manager of a Banking-house in Ottawa, Ohio, and in
1874 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the
Forty-fourth Congress, but died a short time after-
ward.
nice, JBenjamin F, — Born in East Otto, Catta-
raugus County, New York, May 26, 1828 ; received an
academical education ; taught school for several win-
ters ; studied law and came to the bar at Irvine,
Kentucky ; was elected to the State Legislature in
1865 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; removed to
Minnesota iu 1860 ; entered the Volunteer Army in
1861 as a private ; was made Captain ; served as
such during the war, declining several offers of pro-
motion ; after the war he settled at Little Rock, Ar-
kansas ; practiced law there and organized the Repub-
lican party in that State ; and in 1868 he was elected
a Senator in Congress from Arkansas, for the term
ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Claims,
District of Columbia, the Pacific Railway, and the
Judiciary.
mcCf Ecltvard Y. — He was born in Logan
County, Kentucky, February 8, 1820 ; educated at
Shurtleff College ; studied law ; was elected in 1847
County Recorder of Montgomery County, Illinois ;
was a member of the Legislature in 1849 ; was elect-
ed Judge of Montgomery County, and served two
years ; was appointed Master in Chancery from 1853
until 1857, when he was elected Judge of the eight-
eenth Circuit of Illinois ; and re-elected in 1861, and
in 1867 ; was a member of the Constitutional Conven-
tion of Illinois in 1869 ; and elected to the Forty-
second Congress, serving on the Committee on Elec-
tions.
Rice, Henry H, — He was born in Waitsfield,
Vermont, November 29, 1816 ; emigrated to Michigan
in 1835, when it was a Territory, and was employed
in making surveys of the Kalamazoo and Grand
Rivers, and also for a ship canal at the outlet of
Lake Superior ; after that time lived in three other
Territories, viz., Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, —
much of his life having been spent among the wild
Indian tribes of the Northwest ; in 1839 he was ap-
pointed a Sutler in the army ; has been employed as
Commissioner in making many India,n treaties of
great importance ; in 1853 he was elected a Delegate
to Congress from Minnesota ; re-elected in 1855, hav-
ing secured the passage of the act authorizing the
people of Minnesota to form a State Constitution ;
and in 1857 he was elected a Senator in Congress from
Minnesota, for the term of six years. At the com-
mencement of the second session of the Thirty-fifth
Congress he was appointed a member of the Commit-
tees on Indian Affairs and on Post-Offices and Post-
Roads. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
"National Union Convention" of 1866. He was one
of the original proprietors of St. Paul and Bayfield ;
and when in Congress was a member of the famous
Peace Committee of 1861.
JRicCf fJoJiti n, — Born in Easton, Maryland, in
1809 ; received a common-school education ; removed
to Chicago, Illinois ; was an actor and manager of a
theatre, until 1857 ; was elected Mayor of Chicago in
1865 ; re-elected in 1867 ; and was elected to the
Forty-third Congress. In December, 18 — , he was
appointed Librarian of the House of Representatives.
He died in Norfolk, Virginia, December 17, 1874.
nicCf John H, — Born in Mount Vernon, Kenne-
bec County, Maine, February 5, 1816 ; received a
good common-school education ; between the years
1832 and 1838 he held a variety of local offices at Au-
gusta ; devoted some attention to the study of law ;
served as a Staff OflBcer during the troubles connected
with the north-eastern boundary ; in 1840 was ap-
pointed Deputy Sheriff of Kennebec County ; in 1842
settled in Piscataquis County , and devoted himself to
the lumbering business until 1848 ; subsequently
practiced law ; in 1852 was elected a State Attorney
for three years ; and having been re-elected, held the
office until he was chosen a Representative from
Maine to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the
Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and on Patents.
Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and
Grounds, a member of the Committee on the Territo-
ries, and as Chairman of the Special Committee on Fron-
356
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
tier Defenses. Re-elected to the Thirty-nintli Con-
gress, continuing on the same Committees. He was
also a Delegate to the Philadelphia ' ' Loyalists' Con-
vention" of 1866. In February, 1867, he was ap-
pointed by President Johnson Collector of the port
of Bangor, Maine.
Micef tToJiii 31, — He was born in Floyd County,
Kentucky ; served in the Legislature of Kentucky in
1859 and 1867; was elected to the Forty-first Con-
gress, and was re-elected to the Forty-second, serving
on the Committees on Manufactures and Revolutionary
Pensions.
Mice, Thomas, — He graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1791 ; adopted the profession of law ; was
in the State Legislature in 1813 ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Massachusetts from 1815 to
1819 ; and died in 1854.
Richf Charles, — He was born in Hampshire
County, Massachusetts, in 1771, and was a Represent-
ative in Congress from Vermont from 1811 to 1813,
and again from 1817 to 1824. He died at Shoreham,
Vermont, October 15, 1824.
Ilichardf Gabriel, — He was a Roman Catholic
priest, and a man of learning. He was born at
Saintes, in France, October 15, 1764 ; was educated
at Anglers ; received orders at a Catholic Seminary
in Paris, in 1790 ; came to America in 1798 ; was for
a time Professor of Mathematics in St, Mary's Col-
lege, Maryland ; labored in Illinois as a missionary ;
went to Detroit, Michigan, in 1799, whence he was
sent as a Delegate to Congress in 1823. He died in
Detroit, September 13, 1832. During his ministry, it
became his duty, according to the Roman Catholic re-
ligion, to excommunicate one of his parishioners, who
had been divorced from his wife. The parishioner
prosecuted the priest for defamation of character,
which resulted in his obtaining a verdict of one thou-
sand dollars. This money the priest could not pay,
and was consequently imprisoned in the common jail ;
as he had already been elected a Delegate to Congress,
he went from his prison in the wilds of Michigan to
his seat on the floor of Congress. In 1809 he visited
Boston, and took a printing-press to Michigan, and
started a journal called the Michigan Essay, which
failed for the want of readers ; he then published
some Roman Catholic books, and the Laws of the Ter-
ritory, all in French ; in 1812, after Hull's surrender,
he was taken prisoner, and after his release, finding
his people in want, purchased wheat and gave it to
the destitute. He wrote several languages, and was
a man of superior ability and rare benevolence.
Richards, Jacob, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1803 to 1809.
Richards, John, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1797.
Richards, John, — He was a member of the
New York Assembly in 1814 and 1815 ; and a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1823 to
1825.
Richards, 3Iark, — He was bom in New Haven,
Connecticut ; and was a Representative in Congress
from Vermont from 1817 to 1821. He was also a
member of the State Legislature for eight years ;
County Sheriff for five years ; a Presidential Elector
in 1813 ; a State Councilor in 1813 and 1815 ; and
Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont in 1830.
Richards, JKatthias. — He was born in 1757 ;
was a Judge of Berks County, Pennsylvania, from
1788 to 1797 ; and a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania from 1807 to 1811. Died in 1830.
Richardson, James B, — He was a native of
South Carolina, and Governor of that State from
1802 to 1804.
Richardson, John Refer, — Born at Hickory
Hill, Sumter District, South Carolina, April 14, 1801 ;
graduated at South Carolina College in 1819 ; was a
member of the State Legislature from 1824 to 1836 ; a
Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1840 ; Gov-
ernor of South Carolina from 1840 to 1842 ; he op-
posed the ordinance of Nullification, and was a leader
of the Union Party ; in 1850 he was one of the Dele-
gates at large from South Carolina to the Southern
Convention ; in 1851 presided over the meeting of
the Southern Rights Association in Charleston ; and
opposed the separate secession of the State in 1852.
Richardson, John S, — Born in South Caro-
lina in 1777, and died at Charleston, May 11, 1850.
He was an Associate Judge of the General Sessions,
of the Common Pleas, and Presiding Judge of the
Court of Appeals ; and was elected a member of Con-
gress in 1820, but owing to some exigency in his pri-
vate affairs, he was not qualified. He was also a
member of the State Legislature, and Attorney-Gen-
eral for the State of South Carolina.
Richardson, Joseph, — Born at Billerica, Mas-
sachusetts, February 1, 1778 ; graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1802 ; and was a Representative in
Congress from Massachusetts from 1827 to 1831. He
was senior Pastor over the First Church at Hingham,
Massachusetts, for fifty years.
Richardson, William A, — Bom in Fayette
County, Kentucky ; graduated at the Transylvania
University ; studied law, and came to the bar before
attaining his twentieth year, and soon after settled
in Illinois. In 1835 he was elected State Attorney ;
in 1836 a member of the State Legislature ; in 1838
he was elected to the State Senate ; and in 1844 was
again elected to the Legislature, and made Speaker
of the House ; and was chosen a Presidential Elector
in 1844. In 1846 he served as Captain in the Mexican
War, and on the battle-field of Buena Vista was pro-
moted by the unanimous vote of his regiment ; in
1847 he was elected a Representative in Congress
from Illinois, where he continued to serve by re-elec-
tion until 1856, when he resigned ; in 1857 he was ap-
pointed by President Buchanan Governor of Nebras-
ka, which he resigned in 1858 ; in 1860 he was against
his consent re-elected to the House of Representa-
tives, but before the expiration of his term, in 1863,
was elected a Senator in Congress from Illinois for
the unexpired term of his friend, S. A. Douglas,
serving on the Committees on Territories and the Dis-
trict of Columbia. He was a Delegate to the New
York Convention of 1868. Died at Quincy, Illinois,
December 27, 1875.
Richardson, JVilUam A, — He was born in
Tyngsborough, Massachusetts, November 2, 1821 ;
graduated at Harvard University in 1843 ; made Mas-
ter of Arts and Bachelor of Laws at that Institution
in 1846, and came to the bar in the same year. He
was at once made Judge Advocate of the Massachu-
setts militia, and held the oflBce four years ; in 1849
was chosen to the Common Council of Lowell, and
also in 1853 and 1854, acting as President ; was iden-
tified with several banking institutions, and Presi-
dent of Wamoset Bank ; in 1855 was appointed to re-
vise the Statutes of Massachusetts ; in 1856 became a
Judge of Probate, serving as such sixteen years ; in
1863 he was made an Overseer of Harvard College ; in
1869 declined a Superior Court Judgeship, and became
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
357
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Department ; in
1871 lie went to Europe as a Financial Agent for tlie
Gov^ernment ; in 1873 lie was appointed Secretary of
the Treasury ; and in 1874 he resigned that position
to accept a seat on the Bench of the Court of Claims.
He published, among other things, *' The Banking
Laws of Massachusetts," in 1855, and " Practical In-
formation concerning the Public Debt of the United
States," with the " National Banking Laws," in 1872,
He received from Columbia College the degree of
LL.D.
Hichardson, William M, — He was born in
Pelliam, New Hampshire, January 4, 1774, and grad-
uated at the University of Cambridge in 1797. He
practiced law for a few years at Groton, Massachu-
setts ; and was a member of Congress from that
State from 1811 to 1814, when he resigned. He re-
moved to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1814, and
was appointed Chief Justice in 1816 ; and he dis-
charged the duties of the office with high reputation
nearly twenty-two years. He was a man of distin-
guished talents, great industry, and extensive acquire-
ments, and highly respected for his integrity and
estimable character. He was the author of ' ' The
Nev/ Hampshire Justice," and " The Town Officer."
A considerable portion of the first and second volumes
of the "New Hampshire Reports" was drawn up by
the Chief Justice ; nearly all the cases of the third,
fourth, and fifth were furnished by him ; and of the
matter for perhaps four volumes more, he prepared a
large share. He died at Chester, New Hampshire,
March 23, 1838.
JRicJiniondf Hira^n H, — He was born in Chau-
tauqua, New York, May 17, 1810 ; received a good
education ; studied medicine two years with his fa-
ther, Lawton Richmond ; entered Alleghany College,
where he remained two years ; turned his attention
to the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in
1838 ; was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving
on the Committees on Indian Affairs and Public Ex-
penditures.
Richmond^ Jonathan, — He was born in Bris-
tol, Massachusetts, in 1774 ; was one of the pioneers
of Western New York in 1813 ; was once Collector of
the Customs for the United States ; and a Represent-
ative in Congress from New York from 1819 to 1821.
He died in Cayuga, New York, July 29, 1853.
Riddle f Albert G, — He was born in Massachu-
setts, and elected a Representative from Ohio to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee
on Revolutionary Claims. A lawyer, and settled in
Washington City in 1865.
Riddle^ George Read, — He was born in New-
castle, Delaware, in 1817 ; educated at Delaware Col-
lege ; studied engineering, and was engaged for years
in locating and constructing railroads and canals in
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, the
last of which was the great work at Harper's Ferry.
Afterwards he studied law, was admitted to the bar
in 1848, and was appointed Deputy Attorney-General
for his native county, which position he held until
1850, when he was elected a Representative from
Delaware to the Thirty-second Congress, and re-
elected to the Thirty-third Congress, serving on the
Committee on Roads and Canals, and was Chairman
of the Committee on Engraving, and also a Special
Committee on the Peruvian Guano Question. In
1849 he was appointed by the Governor of the State
a Commissioner on the part of Delaware to retrace
the celebrated "Mason and Dixon's line," the report
of which was printed by the Legislatures of Pennsyl-
vania, Delaware, and Maryland in 1850. He was also
a Delegate to the several ' ' Democratic National Con-
ventions " of 1844, 1848, and 1856. In 1864 he was
elected a Senator in Congress from Delaware, for the
term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on
the District of Columbia, Private Land Claims, Man-
ufactures, and Printing. Died in Washington City,
March 29, 1867. He was a descendant of George
Read, of the Revolution.
Riddle^ H, T, — He was elected a Representative
from Tennessee to the Forty-fourth Congress, in the
place of John W. Head, who had been previously
elected, but died before taking his seat.
Riddle, Josepli, — He was born in 1753, was well
educated, was long and favorably known as a lawyer
in Pennsylvania, and was for many years a Judge of
the High Court of Errors and Appeals in Pennsyl-
vania. Died at Chambersburg in 1836.
Ridgeley, Henry 3J.— Born in 1778 ; a lawyer
by profession ; and for many years was a distinguished
member of the Delaware bar. He was a Represent-
ative in Congress from Delaware from 1811 to 1815,
and supplied a vacancy as Senator in Congress from
1826 to 1829. He died at his residence in Dover,
Delaware, August 7, 1847.
Ridgely, Richard. — He was a Delegate from
Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1785 to
1786.
Ridgeivayy Robert. — He was a Representative
from Virginia in the Fortieth Congress, and died in
Amherst County, October 16, 1869. He was at one
time Editor of the Richmond Whig.
Ridgway, Joseph, — He was born on Staten
Island, New York, May 6, 1783 ; received a limited
education ; and acquired the trade of a house carpen-
ter. In 1811 he emigrated to Cayuga County, New
York, and devoted himself to making fanning-mills ;
and in 1822 settled in Columbus. Ohio, and estab-
lished an extensive iron foundry, which subsequently
became an establishment for manufacturing railroad
carriages. In 1828 he was elected to the Legislature
of Ohio, and re-elected in 1830 ; and was a Represent-
ative in Congress from Ohio from 1837 to 1843. He
failed in business in 1811, and, though exonerated by
the bankrupt law, he thought proper, in 1857, to pay
up his old debts, at the rate of two dollars for one ;
and of seventy creditors he only found four living ;
so that he had to hunt up and pay the heirs, which
occupied four months of his time.
Riggs, Jetuv R, — Born in Morris County, New
Jersey, June 20, 1809 ; studied medicine ; and grad-
uated at the Barclay Street Medical University of
New York. In 1828 he made an extensive sea-voyage
over the world ; practiced his profession from 1832 to
1849 ; served two years in the New Jersey Legisla-
ture ; spent one or two years in charge of the hospital
at Sutter's Fort, California ; in 1855 was elected for
three years to the Senate of New Jersey ; and in 1858
was elected a Representative in Congress from that
State, serving as a member of the Committee on Man-
ufactures. Died in Drakesville, Sussex County, No
vember 5, 1869.
RiggSf Lewis, — Was born in New York, and was
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1841 to 1843.
Riher, Samtiel, — He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1784, and a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1804 to 1805, and again
from 1807 to 1809.
Ringold, Thomas, — He was a Delegate from
!5S
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Maryland to the Colonial Congress, wliicli met in New
York in 1765.
JRinggold, Samuel , — He was a Representative
in Congress from Maryland from 1810 to 1815, and
again from 1817 to 1821.
HhigSf Daniel, — He was an early emigrant to
the Territory of Arkansas ; was the first Chief Justice
of the Supreme Court of the State, and died at Little
Rock, September 3, 1873.
Hiotte, Charles y, — He was a citizen of Texas,
and Minister Resident to Costa Rica from 1861 to 1867.
mplei/f Eleazar W. — He graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1800 ; studied law, and settled in
the District of Maine ; was Speaker of the Massachu-
setts House of Representatives in 1811 ; acquitted him-
self with credit as an oflBcer in the last war with Eng-
land ; removed to Louisiana, whence he was elected
to Congress, serving from 1835 to the time of his
death, which occurred at New Orleabs, March 2, 1839,^
aged fifty-seven years.
Hiplei/f tTa)nes W, — He was a lawyer; served
four years in the Legislature of Maine ; was an officer
in the last war \\'ith England, and a member of Con-
gress from Maine from 1826 to 1830, when he was ap-
pointed Collector of Customs for the Passamaquoddy
District of Maine, He died in June, 1835.
Hiplei/f Thomas C. — He was elected a Repre-
sentative from New York to the Twenty-ninth Con-
gress, for the unexpired term of R. P. Herrick, re-
signed.
Hislei/f Elijah, — He was born in Connecticut,
and was a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1849 to 1851. Died at Fredonia, January
9, 1870, aged ninety years.
JRitcheih Thomas, — He was bom in Pennsyl-
vania, and having settled in Ohio, was elected a Rep-
resentative in Congress from that State from 1847 to
1849, and again from 1853 to 1855.
Ititchief David, — He was born at Canonsburg,
Washington County, Pennsylvania, August 19, 1812 ;
graduated at Jefferson College in 1829 ; admitted to
the bar at Pittsburg, in 1835 ; received the degree of
J.U.D. from the L^ni versify of Heidelberg, Germany,
in 1837 ; was a Representative from Pittsburg in
the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-fifth Con-
gresses, and was a member of the Committee on
Foreign Affairs. After leaving Congress he held the
office of Judge for about one year ; and while en-
gaged in the practice of his profession, died at Pitts-
burg, January 24, 1867.
mtcJiief John, — He was born in Frederick City,
Maryland, August 12, 1831 ; educated at the Freder-
ick Academy ; commenced the study of medicine, but
relinquished it for law, attending the Law School at
Harvard College, and in 1854 was admitted to the
bar ; was elected in 1860 a Presidential Elector ; in
1867 elected Attorney for Frederick County, to serve
for four years, when he was elected to the Forty-
second Congress, serving on the Committee on Public
Lands.
Mitchief Thomas, — He was born in Tappahan-
nock, Virginia, November 5, 1778 ; received an aca-
demic and medical education; taught school for a time;
became editor of the paper, in 1804, which was after-
wards called the Richmond Inquirer, and which he
, conducted for forty years ; in 1845 he removed to
Washington City, and was there elected Public Prin-
ter, and edited the Union until 1849 ; returning to
Richmond, died there, July 12, 1854.
Jiitner, Joseph, — Born in 1779 ; was frequently
a member of the Legislature of Pennsylvania from
1820 to 1827 ; was the Candidate of the Anti-Masons
for Governor in 1829, but was defeated ; was after-
wards Governor from 1835 to 1839 ; was an advocate
and promoter of public schools, and a distinguished
opponent of Slavery. Died in Carlisle, Pennsylvania,
October 16, 1869.
mttenhouse^ David, — Born near Germantown,
Pennsylvania, April 8, 1732 ; while working on his
father's farm at Norristown, he had access to the
mathematical books of a deceased uncle, and thor-
oughly mastered Newton's " Principia ; " before he
was nineteen he discovered the method of fluxions,
and for some time supposed it was original with him-
self. He made a clock before he was seventeen,
without instruction, and in 1751 applied himself to
that art with great skill. At the age of twenty-three
he made an orrery which was purchased by Princeton ^
College, and he subsequently constructed another for
the University of Pennsylvania. In 1763 he was
employed to determine " Mason and Dixon's Line,"
which he did with instruments of his own construc-
tion. He afterwards fixed the boundaries of several
other States. He was appointed by the American
Philosophical Society to observe the transit of Venus
in 1769, and at the moment of apj^arent contact, his
emotion was so great that he fainted ; his account was
published by the Society. In 1770 he removed to
Philadelphia and engaged in making clocks and
mathematical instruments. From 1777 to 1789 he
was Treasurer of Pennsylvania ; succeeded Franklin
as President of the Philosophical Society in 1791 ;
was Director of the United States Mint from 1792 to
1795 ; and was a member of the Academy of Arts and
Sciences at Boston. In 1775 an Address upon the
History of Astronomy was published. Received the
degree of liL. D. from the University of Pennsylvania
in 1782, and F.R.S. in 1795. He died in Philadelphia,
June 26, 1796.
Hitter, DuriveU C, — He was born in Barren
County, Kentucky, January 6, 1810 ; received a good
English education ; adopted the business of fanning,
to which he has been devoted ; was a member of the
Legislature of Kentucky in 1843 and 1850 ; in 1864 he
was a Presidential Elector ; and in 1865 he was elect-
ed a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-
ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agri-
culture, and Expenditures in the Treasury Depart-
ment.
Hitter f John, — Was bom in Exeter Township,
Berks County, Pennsylvania, February 6, 1779. He
received such education as the country afforded in
German, and but three months of English schooling.
At eighteen years of age he entered the printing-office
of the Readinger Adler, of which his father was half-
owner. This was at the issue of the second number
of the paper. In 1802 he bought his father out, and
continued as an editor and proprietor to conduct the
journal to the day of his death. He never sought
any office. An election to the Convention to revise
the Constitution of Pennsylvania in 1836, and to a
seat from Pennsylvania in the Twenty-eighth and
Twenty-ninth Congresses, came to him as a sponta-
neous act of popular confidence and respect. He died
at Reading, November 24, 1851.
JRiverSf Thomas, — He was born in Tennessee,
and was a Representative in Congress from 1855 to
1857.
MiveSy Thomas, — He was bom in Nelson Conn-
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS.
359
tj, Virginia, June 17, 1806 ; was educated at tlie Col-
leges of Hampden Sidney, and Harvard, and at the
University of Virginia ; settled in Albemarle County,
from wliicli lie was elected to the State Legislature
at intervals from 1835 to 1861, the latest years in the
Senate ; in 1866 he was appointed to the Supreme
Court of Appeals of Virginia, and his opinions were
published in several volumes. He gave up his seat
on the Bench in 1869, but in 1871 he was appointed
United States District Judge for the Western District
of Virginia, and is still in office.
HlvPSf Francis E. — He was born in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1837 to 1841. Died November 30, 1861.
Hives f tfohn C, — Born in Kentucky, in 1796 ; had
a limited education ; removed to Illinois, where he
was a bank cashier ; settled in Washington in 1824 ;
became a clerk in the Treasury Department ; and dur-
ing the early part of President Jackson's administra-
tion, in connection with Frank Blair, established the
Congressional Olohe, which contained the proceedings
of the two Houses of Congress, in continuation of the
Register of Debates and the Annals of Congress, con-
ducted by Gales and Seatqn, down to the Forty-
third Congress, when it was superseded by the Con-
gressional Record. Mr. Rives was a most patriotic and
liberal man, and during the Rebellion gave twelve
thousand dollars to equip one regiment of troops, and
nearly twenty thousand dollars for the wives of sol-
diers. Died at his country-seat near Washington,
April 10, 1864.
Rives ^ William C — He was born in Nelson
County, Virginia, May 4, 1793 ; was educated at
Hampden Sidney, and William and Mary Colleges ;
studied law and politics under the direction of Thomas
Jefferson ; was Aid-de-camp in 1814 and 1815, with a j
body of Militia and Volunteers called out for the de-
fense of Virginia ; and was a member in 1816 of the
"Staunton Convention," called to reform the State
Constitution. He was elected to the Legislature of
Virginia in 1817, 1818, and 1819, from Nelson County ;
in 1822 to the same position from Albemarle County ;
in 1823 he was elected a Representative in Congress,
and he served for three successive terms ; in 1829 he
was appointed by President Jackson Minister to
France ; on his return, in 1832, he was elected a Sena-
tor in Congress, and resigned in 1834 ; was re-elected
in 1835, and served to the end of the term in 1839 ; in
1840 was elected to the Senate for a third term,
where he remained nntil 1845 ; in 1849 he was a
second time appointed Minister to France, and re-
turned in 1853, when he finally retired from political
life. He has also added to his reputation by publish-
ing a history of the " Life and Times of James Madi-
son." He took part in the Rebellion of 1861, as a mem-
ber of the so-called Confederate Congress, having
previously been a Delegate to the "Peace Congress"
of that year. In 1866 he was chosen a Delegate to
the Philadelphia " National Union Convention," but
did not take pdrt in its proceedings ; died in Albemarle
County, Virginia, April 26, 1868.
Hoane^ Archibald, — He was Governor of Ten-
essee from 1801 to 1803.
Roane, John, — He was born in Virginia ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1809 ; and a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1815 to 1817, from 1827
to 1831, and for a third term from 1835 to 1837. Died
in Washington, District of Columbia, December 18,
1869.
Koane, John tf, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia, his native State, from 1831 to
1833.
Roane, John Selden, — He was a Lieutenant-
Colonel of Yell's Arkansas Cavalry in the Mexican
War ; distinguished at Buena Vista, and commanded
the regiment after Yell was killed ; was made Colonel
in 1847 ; was Governor of Arkansas from 1848 to
1852 ; and a Brigadier-General in the Confederate
Army. Died at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, April 8, 1867.
Roane, John T. — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1809 to 1815.
Roane ^ SjJencer, — Born in Essex County, Vir-
ginia, April 4, 1788 ; studied law with Chancellor
Wythe, and also in Philadelphia ; was a member of
the Assembly, of the Council, and of the Senate, suc-
cessively ; in 1789 was appointed Judge of the Gen-
eral Court ; and in 1794 a Judge of the Court of
Errors ; in 1819 he was one of the Commissioners for
locating the University of Virginia. He published
several essays in the Richmond Inquirer, signed
"Algernon Sydney," asserting the supremacy of the
State, in a question of authority between the United
States and Virginia. Died September 4, 1822.
Roane, William H, — Born in Virginia, in
1788 ; was twice elected a member of the Executive
Council of that State ; once a Delegate to the General
Assembly ; a Representative in Congress from 1815
to 1817 ; and a Senator of the United States from
1837 to 1841. He died at Tree Hill, near Richmond,
Virginia, May 11, 1845.
Robbie, Reuben, — He was born in Vermont ;
and having settled in New York, was elected a Repre-
sentative from that State from 1851 to 1853.
Robbins, Asher, — Born in Wethersfield, Con-
necticut, in 1757, and graduated at Yale College. He
was a lawyer by profession ; was United States Dis-
trict Attorney in 1812 ; held many other important pub-
lic positions ; and was a leading Senator in Congress
from Rhode Island from 1825 to 1839. He was also a
member of the Rhode Island Legislature for many
years. Died at Newport, Rhode Island, February 25,
1845.
Robbins^ George R, — Born near Allentown,
Monmouth County, New Jersey, September 24, 1812 ;
graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadel-
phia, in 1837, and pursued the practice of medicine
until his election to the House of Representatives
from New Jersey, during the Thirty-fourth Congress ;
was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a
member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions.
Robbins, John, Jr, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1849 to 1855.
Robbins, William M, — He was born in Ran-
dolph County, North Carolina ; educated at Trinity
College, North Carolina, and Randolph Macon Col-
lege, Virginia ; adopted the profession of law ; was
an officer in the Confederate Army during the
whole war, participating in nearly all the battles in
Virginia from Bull Run to Appomattox Court-House ;
was elected to the Senate of North Carolina in 1868,
and re-elected in 1870 ; and he was elected to the For-
ty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the
Committee on Public Expenditures.
Roberdeau, Daniel, — He was a Delegate from
Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1777
to 1779, and was a signer of the Articles of Confed-
eration.
Roberts, Anthony J5J.— Born in Chester Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, October, 1803, but removed with
360
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Ms parents to Lancaster County in his infancy. He
received a common- school education, and commenced
life as a merchant. In 1839 he was elected Sheriff of
Lancaster County, and held the office till 1842, In
1849 he was appointed, by President Taylor, Marshal
of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, and remained
in that position until 1853, and collected the statistics
for the Seventh Census of that District. He was a
Representative in the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-
elected to the Thirty-fifth, and was a member of the
Committee on the Militia.
MohertSf Charles JB, — Born in Uniontown, Car-
roll County, Maryland, April 19, 1842 ; graduated at
Calvert College in 1861 ; studied law, and was admit-
ted to the bar in 1864 ; and has since practiced his
profession in Westminster ; was a Presidential Elector
in 1868, and with that exception never accepted a
public nomination until elected a Representative
from Maryland to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Moberts, Edmund, — He was a citizen of New
Hampshire, and in 1832 was empowered as a Special
Agent to negotiate with Cochin-China for the exten-
sion of the commerce of the United States in the Pa-
cifi.c Ocean.
RobertSf Ellis If, — He was born in Utica, New
York, September 30, 1827 ; trained a printer ; gradu-
ated at Yale College in 1850 ; became in 1851 editor
and proprietor of the JJtica Morning Herald ; elected
to the National Republican Convention of 1864, and to
that of 1868 ; was a member of the Legislature of the
State in 1867 ; and elected to the Forty-second and
Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committee on
Ways and Means.
RobertSf Jonathan, — Born in 1771 ; and early
in the present century was elected to both branches of
the Legislature of Pennsylvania ; was a Representative
in Congress from 1811 to 1814, when he resigned ; and
was an advocate of the War of 1812. From 1814 to
1821 he was a Senator of the United States ; and in
1841 he was appointed Collector of the port of Phila-
delphia, by President Harrison. He died in Philadel-
phia, July, 1854.
Roberts f Robert W, — He was born in Delaware,
and having settled in Mississippi, was elected a Rep-
resentative in Congress from that State from 1843 to
1847.
Roberts^ William R, — He was bom in Cork
County, Ireland, February 6, 1830 ; came to the
United States in 1849 ; received an academic educa-
tion ; was engaged in mercantile pursuits in New
York for nearly twenty years, and .retired from busi-
ness in 1869 ; was elected to the Forty-second and
Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Committees on
Claims, and Weights and Measures.
Robertson, Anthony L, — He was born in New
York city, in June, 1808 ; graduated at Columbia Col-
lege in 1825, and adopted the profession of law ; in
1846 he was appointed Assistant Vice-Chancellor for
the First Judicial District ; in 1848, Surrogate of the
County of New York ; and in 1859 Judge of the Supe-
rior Court, and on being re-elected he was chosen
Chief Justice by his associates. In 1867 he was a
Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention, and
took a prominent part in its proceedings. Died in
New York, December 18, 1868,
Robertson^ George, — Born in Mercer County,
Kentucky, November 18, 1790, and completed his edu-
cation in Transylvania University. He studied law, and
commenced practice in 1809. In 1816 he was elected
a Representative in Congress, and served from 1817 to
1821. He was a member of the Legislature, and
Speaker of the House four sessions, ending in 1827.
In 1828 he was Secretary of State, and the same
year chosen Judge of the Court of Appeals, and
in 1829 commissioned Chief Justice of Kentucky,
which position he resigned in 1833, and resumed the
practice of law in Lexington in 1835. He was Profes-
sor of Law in Transylvania University for twen-
ty-three years. He repeatedly declined important
offices, including missions to Colombia and Peru.
Died at Lexington, May 17, 1874,
Robertson^ tfohn. — He was born in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1834 to 1839,
Robertson, Thomas Rolling, — Born in Rich-
mond, Virginia, in 1778 ; graduated at William and
Mary College in 1807 ; was United States District
Judge of Louisiana ; and was the first Representative
in Congress from Louisiana elected under the State
Constitution, serving from 1812 to 1818.
Robertsofif Thomas *J, — Born in Fairfield
County, South Carolina, August 3, 1823 ; gradu-
ated at South Carolina College in 1843 ; studied
medicine for a time, but established himself as a
planter ; during the Rebellion he remained a Union
man ; was a member of the State Constitutional Con-
vention convened after the passage of the Reconstruc-
tion Acts by Congress ; and in 1868 he was elected a
Senator in Congress from South Carolina for the term
ending in 1871, serving on the Committees on Manu-
factures, Agriculture, and Claims, Re-elected for the
term ending in 1877, and was Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Manufactures.
Robertson f Williajn H, — He was born in Bed-
ford, Westchester County, New York, October 10,
1823 ; received an academical education in that town ;
studied law, and came to the bar in 1847, at Pough-
keepsie ; in 1848 he was elected to the Assembly, and
re-elected in 1849 ; in 1854 he was elected to the State
Senate ; in 1856 he was elected for four years Judge
of Westchester County ; re-elected in 1859 and also in
1863 — serving eleven years in all ; in 1860 he was a
Presidential Elector ; was a Delegate to the Baltimore
Convention of 1864, which re-nominated President
Lincoln ; and in 1 866 he was elected a Representative
from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Commerce, and Revolutionary
Claims, He was also a Delegate to the " State Re-
publican Convention " of 1867. In 1875 he was elected
to the Senate of New York.
Robertson^ Windham, — He was elected Lieu-
tenant-Governor of Virginia in 1834, and in 1836 he
was made Acting Governor of the State, remaining in
the position until 1837.
Robeson, George M, — He was born in Warren
County, New Jersey, in 1827 ; graduated at Princeton
College in 1847 ; studied law, and on coming to the
bar in 1850, settled in Newark, where he practiced his
profession. On the outbreak of the Rebellion, he was
appointed by the Governor of the State a Brigadier-
General, and took an active part in the organization
of troops ; settled in Camden, and in 1859 was ap-
pointed Prosecuting Attorney for that county ; he
was also appointed, in 1867, Attorney-General of New
Jersey, which position he resigned to accept a seat,
June 22, 1869, in the Cabinet of President Grant, as
Secretary of the Navy.
Robins, John, — He was born in Philadelphia ;
received a limited education, and worked on a farm ;
was for several years engaged in the iron and steel
business ; was elected to Congress in 1848, 1850, and
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
361
1853 ; subsequently held a number of local positions ;
and in 1874 he was elected to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
Robinson, Charles, — He was the first Governor
of the State of Kansas, having been elected in 1861,
and serving one year.
JRohhisofif Christopher, — He was born in
Rhode Island ; graduated at Brown University in 1825,
and adopted the profession of law ; was Attorney-
General of Rhode Island. He was elected a Repre-
sentative from Rhode Island to the Thirty -sixth Con-
gress, serving as a member of the Committee on the
Judiciary, and also on the Special Committee of Thir-
ty-three on the Rebellious States. In 1861 he was
appointed by President Lincoln Minister to Peru, and
he was a Delegate to the "Loyalists' Convention,"
held in Philadelphia in 1866.
RobinsoUf Edward, — He was a ship-master
and merchant ; served two years in the Maine Senate ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Maine
during the years 1838 and 1839. In 1840 he was a
Presidential Elector, and di^d February 20, 1857, aged
sixty -one years.
Hobinsonf James C, — Was born in Edgar
County, Illinois, in 1822 ; served as a private in the
Mexican War ; studied law, and came to the bar in
1854 ; was elected a Representative from Illinois to
the Thirty-sixth Congress, and re-elected to the Thir-
ty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Mileage, and as a mem-
ber of the Committee on Expenditures in the State
Department. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel-
phia "National Union Convention" of 1866 ; and in
1867 he was appointed a Commissioner to settle the
War Claims of Indiana. Re-elected to the Forty-
second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on various
Committees.
JRobinsoUf James TV, — He was born in Union
County, Ohio, November 28, 1826 ; graduated at Jef-
ferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1848, and at the
Cincinnati Law College in 1851 ; was elected to the
Legislature in 1858, 1860, and 1864 ; and to the Forty-
third Congress, serving on the Committee on Elec-
tions.
Robinson f JoJin Ij, — He was born in Kentucky,
and was a Representative in Congress from Indiana
from 1847 to 1853, In 1857 he was appointed United
States Marshal for the District of Indiana, by Presi-
dent Buchanan, which office he held until his death,
March 21, 1860.
Robinson, John M, — He was born in 1793, and
was one of the early settlers of Illinois, and one of the
Judges of the Supreme Court of that State. He was
a Senator in Congress from 1830 to 1842, and died at
Ottawa, Illinois, April 26, 1843.
Robinson, John Staniford, — Born in Ben-
nington, Vermont, November 10, 1804 ; graduated at
William and Mary College in 1824 ; settled as a law-
yer in his native town, and was successful in the pro-
fession ; was for many years in the State Legislature ;
Governor of Vermont from 1853 to 1854 ; and a
Delegate to the Charleston Democratic Convention.
Died in Charleston, South Carolina, April 25, 1860.
Robinson, Jonathan, — He was appointed
Chief Justice of Vermont in 1801, in the place of
Judge Smith, who resigned ; and in 1806 was elected
to succeed Mr. Smith as Senator in Congress, serving
from 1807 to 1815. He died at Bennington, Novem-
ber 3, 1819, aged sixty-four years.
Robi7ison,J, F, — He was Governor of Kentucky
from 1861 to 1863.
Robinson, Milton S, — Born in Indiana, April
20, 1832 ; received a good common-school education ;
studied law with his father, and was admitted to the
bar of the Supreme Court of Indiana in 1851, and has
been engaged in practice ever since, with the excep-
tion of four years' service in the war for the Union;
served as Presidential Elector in 1856 ; was elected
State Prison Director in 1861, but resigned and en-
tered the army as Lieutenant-Colonel, and rose to the
rank of Brevet Brigadier-General ; was a member of
the State Senate from 18G7 to 1870, and in 1874 was
elected a Representative from Indiana to the Forty-
fourth Congress.
Robinson, Moses, — He was educated at Dart-
mouth College; served in the Legislature of Vermont,
and was Governor of that State from 1789 to 1790.
He was a member of the Senate of the United States
from Vermont, under the administration of Washing-
ton, from 1791 to 1796, when he resigned. He was
one of the minority who were opposed to the ratifica-
tion of Jay's Treaty. He died at Bennington, May
26, 1813, aged seventy-two years.
Robinson, Orville, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1843 to 1845. He also served four years in the
Assembly of that State, from Oswego County.
Robinson, Thomas, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Delaware from 1839 to 1841, and
died in Sussex Countv, in that State, October 28,
1843.
Robinson, William E, — He was born near
Cookstown, Tyrone County, Ireland, May 6, 1814 ; re-
ceived a good English and classical education ; emi-
grated to this country in 1836 ; entered Yale College,
and received the degree of A.M. in 1841 ; was a stu-
dent for two years at the Yale Law School ; between
the years 1838 and 1844 he was a frequent writer for
the New York Herald ; during the latter year he be-
came identified with the New York Tribtine, signing
his communications " Richelieu ; " in 1848 and 1849 he
became identified as editor with a weekly paper called
The People ; in 1859 he visited his native land and
the Continent of Europe ; practiced law in New York
from 1853 to 1862 ; in 1862 he was appointed United
States Assessor of Internal Revenue for the City of
Brooklyn, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative
from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Foreign AfPairs, and Expenses in
the Treasury Department. In addition to his exten-
sive writings on the politics of his country, published
in a variety of journals, he has occasionally delivered
addresses on literary topics, and is also the author of
a number of poems which have become popular with
the people.
Robison, David F, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1855 to 1857.
Rochester, William R, — He was born in
Washington County, Maryland, and was a man of
legal acquirements, much respected for his abilities,
and a Representative in Congress from New York
from 1821 to 1823. He subsequently held the office
of Circuit Judge in New York, but resigned to com-
pete with De Witt Clinton for the ofiice of Governor.
He was lost, with many others, off the coast of North
Carolina, by the explosion of the steamer Pulaski^
June 15, 1838.
Rockhill, William,— Be was bom in New
362
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Jersey, and, having settled in Indiana, was elected a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1847
to 1849.
Roclvwellf Charles W, — He was born in Nor-
wich, Connecticut ; was the brother of John A,
Rockwell, and received a good education ; devoted
himself to mercantile pursuits, and acquired a large
fortune in the Southern States ; and then returned to
his native place, where for twenty years he took a
leading part in public and benevolent enterprises. In
1835 he was chosen Mayor of Norwich, and held the
office three years, and re-elected in 1845 ; he was a
Presidential Elector in 1845 ; was one of the project-
ors of the Norwich and Worcester Railroad ; and in
1849 he was appointed Commissioner of Customs in
Washington, and held the office until 1853.
Mochivellf John A, — Born in Norwich, Connec-
ticut, in 1804 ; graduated at Yale College in 1832 ;
studied law, which he practiced with ability and suc-
cess ; was twice elected to the State Senate ; was at
one time Judge of the County Court for New London
County ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Connecticut from 1845 to 1849, serving as Chairaian
of the Committee on Claims, He subsequently prac-
ticed in the Court of Claims, and was the author of a
work on Spanish law. Died in Washington, of ap-
oplexy, February 10, 1861.
Hockivellf tjTulius. — Born at Colebrook, Litch-
field County, Connecticut, April 26, 1805. Entered
Yale College in 1822, and graduated in 1826 ; studied
law at the New Haven Law School, and was admitted
to the bar in Litchfield County, in 1829, commencing
practice in 1830, at Pittsfiel'd, Massachusetts, He
was a member of the House of Representatives of
Massachusetts from 1834 to 1838, and was Speaker
from 1835 to 1838, and in that year was appointed
Bank Commissioner, and held the office three years.
He was a Representative in Congress from 1847 to
1851, and United States Senator for two sessions, by
appointment, from 1854 to 1855, to succeed Mr. Ever-
ett. In 1853 he was a member of the Convention to
revise the Constitution of Massachusetts ; a Presiden-
tial Elector in 1856 ; and in 1858 was again elected to
the House of Representatives of that State. In 1859
he was made a Judge of the Superior Court of Mas-
sachusetts.
Modinafif JFilliatn, — Born in Bensalem, Bucks
County, Pennsylvania, October 7, 1757, his parents
being of the Society of Friends. He received a lib-
eral education ; served in the Revolutionary War as
a soldier ; under the call from Washington, he raised
and commanded a company, during the " Whisky
Insurrection " in Western Pennsylvania ; he was for
many years in the Legislature of his native State ;
and he was a Representative in Congress from 1811
to 1813. He died at the place of his birth, July 27,
1824. ' J '
JRodney, Ccesar, — He was born in Dover, Kent
County, Delaware, in 1730 ; received a liberal educa-
tion ; he was High Sheriff, Justice of the Peace, and
a Judge in his native county ; in 1762 he was elected
to the State Legislature, serving several years, and
as Speaker in 1769 ; was a Delegate to the New York
Congress in 1765 ; was a Delegate from Delaware, to
the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1778, and in
1783 ; was a signer of the Declaration of Independ-
ence ; was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of
Delaware ; also served for a time as General of Mili-
tia ; and was President of the State of Delaware.
Died in 1783, A son of his was subsequently a mem-
ber of the Federal Congress.
Hodney, Ccesar A, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Delaware from 1803 to 1805, He
was appointed Attorney-General of the United States
by President Jefferson ; and in 1812 commanded a
company of volunteers in defense of Baltimore ;
again a Representative in Congress from Delaware
from 1819 to 1821 ; and a Senator of the United States
from 1821 to 1823, in which year he was appointed
United States Minister to Buenos Ayres, where he
died June 10, 1824.
Rodnei/f Caleb, — He was acting Governor of
Delaware in 1822 and 1823, in the place of John Col-
lins who died before the close of his term as Gover-
nor,
Modnei/f Daniel. — He was a Presidential Elec-
tor in 1809 ; Governor of Delaware from 1814 to
1817 ; a Representative in Congress from the State
of Delaware from 1822 to 1823, and a Senator in Con-
gress from 1826 to 1827, Died September 2, 1846,
aged seventy-five years,
Modnei/f George J5. — He was born in Dela-
ware ; graduated at Princeton College in 1820, and
was a Representati-^e in Congress from his native
State from 1841 to 1845. He was a Delegate, in 1861,
to the "Peace Congress" of Washington.
Hodneiff Thomas, — He was a Delegate from
Delaware to the Continental Congress from 1781 to
1783, and from 1785 to 1787 ; and in 1803 he was ap-
pointed by President Jefferson United States Judge
for the Territory of Mississippi.
MogerSf And^^eiv J, — He was born in Ham-
burg, Sussex County, New Jersey, July 1, 1828 ; re-
ceived a limited education ; spent the most of his
youth as an assistant in a hotel and in a country
store ; taught school for two years and a half, during
which time he studied law, and was admitted to the
bar in 1852 ; and in 1862 he was elected a Represen-
tative from New Jersey to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Public Expendi-
tures. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on the Judiciary, Expenses in
the Post-Office Department, and Reconstruction.
HogerSf Anthony A, C, — Born in Sumner
County, Tennessee, February 14, 1821 ; during his
youth he was occupied as a clerk in a store, and was
subsequently a merchant in his native State ; in 1854,
he removed to Arkansas, where he continued in the
mercantile business ; in 1862, he was arrested and
placed under bonds by the State authorities for sym-
pathizing with the General Government ; in 1864,
he was elected to Congress, but not admitted ; after
the war, he resided for a time in Illinois, but did not
relinquish his citizenship in Arkansas ; and he was
elected a Representative from that State to the Forty-
first Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolu-
tionary Pensions, and Education and Labor.
MogerSf Charles, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1843 to 1845. He also served in the Assembly
of New York from Washington County in 1833 and
1837.
Mogers, Daniel, — He was Governor of Penn-
sylvania in the years 1797 and 1798.
MogerSf Edward, — He was born in Connecti-
cut ; received a classical education, studied law, and
settled in Madison County, New York. He was for
many years County Judge ; and was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1843 to 1845, He
died in Gal way, Saratoga County, New York, May
23, 1857, aged seventy years.
BIOGRAPHICAL
ANNALS.
363
MogerSf H, G, — He was a citizen of Pennsylva-
nia, and in 1840 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires
to Sardinia, where he remained only one year,
Mof/erSf Jctmes, — He was born in South Caro-
lina ; graduated at the University of that State in
1813 ; adopted the profession of law, and was a Eep.-
resentative in Congress from that State from 1835 to
1837, and again from 1839 to 1843.
JlogerSf John, — He was a Delegate from Mary-
land to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1776.
Chancellor of the State and died at Annapolis in
1789.
MogerSf John, — He was born in Caldwell, New
York, May 9, 1813 ; received a common-school educa-
tion ; was manufacturer and merchant ; was super-
visor of his town ten years, and was elected to the
Forty-second Congress, serving on the Committees on
the State Department and Manufactures.
Hogers, Jla7idolx>h, — Born in Virginia; studied
and practiced as a sculptor a few years at Rome ; be-
came known in New York by his " Nydia," " Boy and
Dog," and "Angel of the Resurrection;" returned to
Rome and executed a marble statue of John Adams,
now at Mount Auburn Cemetery ; also some busts,
and ideal figures. His bas-reliefs, ordered by Con-
gress for the doors of the new Capitol at Washington,
represent events in the life of Columbus. He fur-
nished designs for the Washington monument at
Richmond, and memorial monuments for Rliode Isl-
and and Michigan. Among his smaller works are
" Ruth " and " Isaac." His last work was a colossal
statue of President Lincoln, unveiled at Philadelphia
in 1871.
MogerSf Sion H, — He was born in Wake Coun-
ty, North Carolina, September 30, 1825 ; graduated
at the University of North Carolina in 1846 ; studied
law, and came to the bar in 1848 ; was elected to the
Thirty-third Congress ; elected to the Legislature of
North Carolina in 1860 ; served in the Confederate
Army as Colonel of the Forty-seventh North Carolina
Regiment ; was Attorney-General of North Carolina
from 1862 to 1868; and was elected to the Forty-second
Congress.
MogerSf Thomas J, — Born in Waterford, Ire-
land, in 1781, and came to the United States when only
three years of age ; he was the author of biographical
dictionaries of Revolutionary wortliies ; and edited a
political paper; and was a Representative in Congress
from Pennsylvania from 1818 to 1824. He died in
New York City, December 7, 1832.
jRollinSf Edward A, — He was born in New
Hampshire, and in 1865 was appointed Commissioner
of Internal Revenue, holding the office until he was
superseded by Columbus Delano in 1868. After leav-
ing the Treasury he removed to Philadelphia and be-
came interested in the business of Life Insurance.
RollinSf Edward H, — He was born in Somers-
worth, now Rollinford, Strafford County, New Hamp-
shire, October 3, 1824; received an academical educa-
tion, and for a short time taught school; was devoted
for several years to mercantile pursuits, first as a
clerk and then as an apothecary ; was a member of
the State Legislature in 1855, 1856, and 1857, serving
as Speaker during the last two years ; was chosen
Chairman of the State Republican Committee in
1856, which position he held until he entered Con-
gress ; elected a Representative from New Hamp-
shire to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the
Committee on the District of Columbia ; re-elected to
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of
the Committee on Accounts. Re-elected to the Thir-
ty-ninth Congress, continuing at the head of the same
Committee and servinor on the Committee on Puijlic
Expenditures, He was also a member of the Nation-
al Committee appointed to accompany the remains of
President Lincoln to Illinois ; and a Delegate to the
Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.
HollinSf flames Sidney, — Was bom in Madi-
son County, Kentucky, April 19, 1812 ; graduated at
the State University of Indiana, at Bloomington, in
1830 ; studied law and graduated at the Transylvania
Law School, in Kentucky, in 1833 ; and soon after-
wards settled in Boone County, Missouri. In 1838 he
was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected
in 1840 and 1842 ; in 1846 he was elected to the State
Senate, and served four years ; in 1854 he was again
elected to the Legislature ; in 1857 he was defeated
as the Whig candidate for Governor by two hundred
and thirty votes — one hundred thousand having been
polled — though many thought him legally elected ; in
1860 he was elected a Representative from Missouri to
the Thirty- seven til Congress, serving on the Commit-
tees on Commerce and Expenditures in the War De-
partment, He was re-elected in 1862 to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving on Ihe Committee on Naval
Affairs, He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
"National Union Convention" of 1866,
Roman f Andre Bienvenu, — Born at St.
Laudry Parish, Louisiana, in 1795- ; was a member of
the Legislature in 1818 ; and frequently re-elected,
and four years Speaker ; was Judge of St. James's
parish from 1826 to 1828 ; and Speaker of the House
from 1828 to 1830 ; was Governor from 1830 to 1834,
and from 1838 to 1841 ; was a member of the Con-
vention which passed the Ordinance of Secession,
which he opposed. He was appointed by the Con-
federate Government, with John Forsyth and Martin
J. Crawford, to confer with the Government of the
United States at Washington. Died at St, James's
parish, Louisiana, January 29, 1866.
JRo7nan,fT. Dixon, — He was born in Maryland ;
was educated a lawyer ; was a Presidential Elector on
two occasions and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1847 to 1849. He was President
of the Hagerstown Bank. He was also a Delegate to
the " Peace Congress " of 1861. Died in Maryland,
January 19, 1867.
Hooseveltf James I, — Born in the city of New
York, December 14, 1796 ; was educated at Columbia
College ; graduated in 1815 ; studied law with Peter
Augustus Jay, and was for several years his partner.
In 1835 and 1840 he was a member of the State Le-
gislature, and in 1842 and 1843 was a Representative
in Congress from New York City. He declined a re-
election, and went abroad in 1843. On his return he
retired from the practice of law to private life ; but
was induced to accept the appointment of Judge of
the Supreme Court of the State in 1851. He was also
for several years in early life a member of the city
government. He was also an Attorney of the United
States and held the office of Judge eight years. Died
in New York, April 5, 1875.
Booseveltf Robert JB.— He was born in the city
of New York in 1829 ; received a liberal education
and studied law ; practiced in the city of New York
for twenty years ; was the author of " Game Fish of
the North," "Superior Fishing," "Game Birds of
the North," " Five Acres too Much" and other works ;
was appointed Commissioner of Fisheries for the
State of New York in 1868 ; edited The New York
Citizen from 1868, and was elected to the Forty-
I second Congress, serving on various Committees, but
364
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
with special zeal upon one for investigating the
affairs of the District of Columbia.
Root, Erastus, — Born in Hebron, Connecticut,
March 16, 1773 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in
1793 ; after which he taught school for some time,
and then studied law and settled in Delaware County,
New York, in 1796. He was a Representative in the
Assembly eleven ^ears ; Speaker of the House three
years ; State Senator eight years ; and a Representa-
tive in Congress from 1803 to 1805, and from 1809 to
1817 when he resigned, in which year he was ap-
pointed Postmaster at Delhi, New York, and was re-
elected to Congress from 1831 to 1833. In 1822 he
was chosen Lieutenant-Governor of the State, and he
was also Major- General of Militia. He died in New
York City, December 24, 1846. His intellect and tastes
were highly cultivated.
Hootf Jesse, — Bom at Northampton, Massachu-
setts, January, 1737 ; graduated at Princeton College
in 1756 ; preached about three years, and then studied
law ; settled in Hartford, Connecticut. He took part
in the Revolutionary War, and was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress from 1778 to 1783 ; was ap-
pointed Judge of the Superior Court in 1779, and was
Chief Justice from 1796 until his resignation in 1807.
He died March 29, 1822.
JRootf fToseph M, — Born in Cayuga, New York,
October 7, 1817 ) read law at Auburn, and removed
to Ohio in 1829 ; was appointed Prosecuting Attorney
in that State ; in 1840 chosen to the State Senate ; and
served as a Representative in Congress from 1845 to
1851. He was for a time Chairman of the Committees
on the Post-Office, and Expenditures in the Treasury
Department. He was also a Presidential Elector in
1860, and a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists'
Convention " of 1866.
JRootf ^Joseph JP» — He was a citizen of Kansas,
and in 1870 was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary
to Chili, but resigned, and left that country in 1873.
Moots, Logan H, — He was born in Perry Coun-
ty, Illinois, March 26, 1841 ; graduated at the Nor-
mal University of that State ; was principal of a high
school ; in 1862 he took an active part in raising
troops for the war, and was appointed a Quarter-mas-
ter ; and subsequently served as a Commissary of
Subsistence in the operations against Atlanta, with
the rank of Colonel. After the war he settled in
Arkansas as a planter, and was elected a Representa-
tive from that State to the Fortieth Congress, and re-
elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the
Committees on Mines and Mining, and Pacific Rail-
road. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Conven-
tion of 1868.
Hose, Hobert L. — Born at Geneva, New York,
October 12, 1804 ; was a farmer by occupation ; has
held the office of Supervisor for the town of Allen's
Hill ; and was a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1847 to 1851.
Hose, Hohert S. — He was born in Henrico Coun-
ty, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress
from the State of New York from 1823 to 1827, and
again from 1829 to 1831. He died at Waterloo, New
York, November 24, 1835, aged sixty-three years.
RosecranSf William Starke, — Born in King-
ston, Ohio, December 6, 1819 ; graduated at West
Point in 1842 ; entered the engineer corps ; was As-
sistant Professor of Engineering at West Point in
1843 and 1844, and from 1845 to 1847 ; Assistant Pro-
fessor of Natural Philosophy in 1844 and 1845 ; had
charge of the repairs at Fort Adams, Rhode Island,
from 1847 to 1853, and resigned from ill-health in
1854 ; was a civil engineer and architect at Cincinnati,
Ohio, in 1854 and 1855 ; Superintendent of Cannel
Coal Company from 1855 to 1857, and engaged in
the manufacture of kerosene oil from 1857 to 1861 ;
then appointed Aid to General McClellan in Ohio ;
Colonel, and Chief Engineer of Ohio ; Colonel of
Ohio Volunteers, and Brigadier- General in United
States Army ; commanded the Department of Ohio,
and in 1862 a Division at the Siege of Corinth ; com-
manded Army of the Mississippi, Army of the Cum-
berland, and won the Battle of Stone River ; was un-
successful at Chickamanga, in 1863, and relieved of
his command. In 1864 commanded Department of
Missouri ; was made Brevet Major-General United
States Army in 1865 ; resigned in 1867. Was Minis-
ter to Mexico in 1868 but recalled in a few months.
MosSf David, — He was a Delegate from Mary-
land to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1787.
Moss, Edmund G, — He was born in Wisconsin ;
received a good English education, and having com-
menced life as a printer, and been foreman in the
office of the Millwaukee Sentinel, soon became an editor
in his native State ; on the breaking out of the
troubles in Kansas in 1856, he removed to that State,
and took an active part in its local affairs ; was a
member of the "Kansas Constitutional Con-tention "
of 1859 ; from that time until 1861 he served in the
State Legislature ; enlisted as a private soldier in a
Kansas regiment during the Rebellion, attaining the
rank of Major ; and subsequently became the associ-
ate editor of the Lawrence Tribune. In July, 1866, he
was appointed by the Governor a Senator in Congress
from Kansas for the unexpired term of James H.
Lane, deceased, serving on the Committees on Pen-
sions, Indian Affairs, and Printing. In January, 1867,
his appointment to the Senate was confirmed by the
Legislature, his term expiring in 1871, and he was
made Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills.
He subsequently returned to his old occupation of
printing, and in 1875 was foreman of an office in Kan-
sas.
MosSf George, — Born in New Castle, Delaware,
in 1730 ; acquired a classical education under his
father's roof ; studied law, and came to the bar in
1751 ; settled in Lancaster, Pennsylvania ; in 1768 he
was elected to the Colonial Legislature ; was a Dele-
gate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777 ;
was one of the signers of the Declaration of Indepen-
dence ; he was a member of the Colonial Convention
that commenced the new government ; Chairman of
the Committee that formed the organization of the
State Government ; in 1779 he was appointed Judge
of the Court of Admiralty for Pennsylvania, but
died in July of that year from an attack of gout. He
was a profound lawyer, and an earnest patriot.
JtosSf Henry H, — He was born in Essex Coun-
ty, New York, and graduatad at Columbia College,
New York, in 1808 ; studied law, and practiced the
profession in Essex, Essex Coanty, New York, for
fifty years ; was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1825 to 1827. He was County Judge
of Essex County in 1847 and 1848 ; was a Presi-
dential Elector in 1848, heading the State ticket, and
officiating as President of the Electoral College. He
died September 13, 1862. He was distinguished for
his ability, eloquence, dignity, and high character.
MosSf James, — Born about the year 1761, in
Pennsylvania. He was a lawyer by profession, and
was a member of the Convention that formed the
Constitution of Pennsylvania in 1790. He was a Sen-
ator in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1794 to 1803,
serving during one session as President pro tern, of
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
365
that body, and died at liis residence, near Pittsburg,
November 27, 1847.
* HosSf John, — ^He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1809 to 1811, and again
from 1815 to 1818, having resigned.
Moss, Lewis TV. — He was born in Seneca Coun-
ty, New York, December 8, 1812 ; removed with his
father to Illinois when a boy ; was educated at the
Illinois College ; adopted the profession of law. In
1840 and 1844, he was elected to the State Legisla-
ture ; was a Presidential Elector in 1848, and a Dele-
gate in 1860 to the Charleston and Baltimore Conven-
tions. In 1861 was elected to the "State Constitu-
tional Convention ; " and in 1842 was elected a
Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions.
Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on
the Committee on Indian Affairs ; and also re-elected
to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the additional
Committee on Agriculture.
HosSf Dulles, — Born at Rari tan Township, Middle-
sex County, New Jersey, April 30, 1828 ; received a
common -school education ; was for many years engaged
with his father in the shipping business, and was a
wholesale coal merchant, and largely interested in
vessel property ; filled most of the local offices of the
district ; was a member of the Board of Freeholders,
and was a Representative to the State Legislature for
two years ; and in 1874 he was elected a Representa-
tive from New Jersey to the Forty-fourth Congress.
JRosSf Sobieshi, — He was born in Coudersport,
Pennsylvania, May 16, 1828 ; educated as a surveyor
and engineer, but engaged in settling land in the
northern counties of Pennsylvania ; and was elected
to the Forty-third Congress, and re-elected to the
Forty-fourth, serving on the Committee on Agricul-
ture.
MosSf Thomas, — He was a native of Pennsyl-
vania ; graduated at Princeton College in 1825 ; and
was a Representative in Congress from that State from
1849 to 1853.
MosSf Thomas H, — Died near Lebanon, Ohio,
June 28, 1869. He was born in 1789 ; was long a
leading lawyer in Warren County, Ohio, and was
legal preceptor of Thomas Corwin, who became his
partner in the practice of law. In 1849 he retired
from business and settled upon a farm, and two years
before his death he became blind. He was considered
a man of gr«at ability and learning. When in Con-
gress, he voted for the Missouri Compromise of
1820.
HosSf William H, — He was born in Delaware
and elected Governor of that State in 1851, continuing
in the office until 1855.
Rossellf IVilliam, — He was born in New Jersey
in 1761 ; received a good education and studied law ;
and was for many years a Judge of the United States
District Court, and also a Judge of the Supreme Court
of New Jersey, and died at Mount Holly, June 20,
1840.
JRost, Pierre JL, — He was born in France ; edu-
cated in Paris and participated in the military opera-
tions of 1814 in that city ; removed to Louisiana and
studied law ; practiced the profession with marked
success ; was elected to the State Legislature in
1822 ; in 1826 to the State Senate ; and in 1838 he
was appointed to a Judgeship on the Supreme Bench
of the State, which position he filled with honor for
many years.
HoitsseaUf Lovell H, — He was born near Stan-
ford, Lincoln County, Kentucky, August 4, 1818, to
which place his father had emigrated from Virginia ;
was chiefly educated by himself, acquiring a good
English education, and having adopted the profession
of law, practiced it with success in Indiana, to which
he removed in 1841. H&wfts- elected- for ^hreeryears
toJiheXegislatore of Indiana, and for three years to
th»--SeHate of the State ; served^ thiuwigh the war
with Mexic^as a Captain, and was present at Buena
Vista ; in 18o0 he returned to Louisville, Kentucky,
where he subsequently resided. In 1860 he was
elected by both political parties to the Senate of Ken-
tucky, and after serving through the stormy session
of 1861, resigned his seat, and asked for permission
to raise troops for the war. In June of that year he
was commissioned a Colonel of Volunteers, and in
July was in camp with four companies ; in October,
1861, he was appointed a Brigadier-General, was pres-
ent at the battle of Shiioh, and reported for gal-
lantry ; was also in the battle of Perryville, and for
his ** distinguished gallantry and good service"
there, was, in October, 1862, appointed a Major-Gen-
eral. He was also in the advance upon Corinth after
the battle of Shiioh, and in the battle of Stone River,
and many similar engagements. He conducted, in
1864, a highly important and successful raid into the
heart of Alabama, and defended Fortress Rosecrans
with eight thousand men during the siege of Nash-
ville. In 1865 he was elected a representative from
Kentucky to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Military Affairs and on Roads and
Canals. He was also one of the Representatives des-
ignated by the House to attend the funeral of Gen-
eral Scott, in 1866. In June, 1866, he made a per-
sonal assault on J. B. Grinnell, a fellow-member of
the House, for words spoken in debate ; and although
the committee appointed to investigate the subject
reported a resolution to expel, the House adopted
the minority report to reprimand him for violating
the privileges of the House ; wheupon he resigned
his seat as a Representative in the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress, but was re-elected during the subsequent re-
cess to the same (Congress, serving again on the Com-
mittees on Military Affairs, and Roads and Canals.
In April, 1867, he was appointed a Brigadier-General
in the regular army ; and was assigned to duty in the
N«w Territory of Alaska.
MousseaUf Hichard H. — He was a citizen of
Kentucky, and in 1866 was appointed Minister Resi-
to Honduras, returning to America in 1869.
JRowan, tTohn, — Was born in Pennsylvania, in
1773 ; emigrated to Kentucky when quite young ; he
was a member of the Convention which formed the
Constitution of 1799 ; he was Secretary of State in
1804 ; elected a member of Congress fiom 1807 to
1809 ; for many years a member of the General
Assembly ; Judge of the Court of Appeals in 1819 ;
and was a Senator in Congress from 1825 to 1831.
His last public position was that of Minister to the
Two Sicilies. He died in Louisville, Kentuckv,
July 13, 1853.
HowaUf tfohn, — He was a native of Kentucky,
son of the Congressman bearing the same name ;
Charge d' Affaires to Sicily in 1848. Died in Kentucky
in August, 1855. (Error, same as above.)
Hoive, Peter, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York, from 1853 to 1855.
JRowlandf David, — He was a Delegate from
Connecticut to the Colonial Congress, which met in
New York in 1765.
Moi/ce, Homer E, — He was bom in Berkshire,
i^u^
366
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Vermont, in 1819 ; received a common-school educa-
tion ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1842 ; was a member of the State Legislature in
1846 and 1847 ; was Prosecuting Attorney for the
State in 1848; a State Senator in 1849, 1850, and
1851 ; and was elected a Representative from Ver-
mont to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a mem-
ber of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was also
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a
member of the same committee ; and he was a Dele-
gate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of
1866.
JRoyce^ Stephen, — Born in Tinmouth, Vermont,
August 12, 1787, graduated at Middlebury College in
1807 ; was Judge of the Supreme Court of the State
in 1826 and 1827, and from 1829 to 1852 ; was Chief
Justice from 1846 to 1851 ; member of the Legisla-
ture in 1815 and 1816, from Sheldon County, and
from 1822 to 1824 from St. Albans County, was Gov-
ernor of Vermont fropi 1854 to 1856. Received the
degree of LL.D,, from the University of Vermont in
1887. Died in East Berkshire, Vermont, Novem
ber 11, 1868.
Miiblee^ Horace. — He was a citizen of Wiscon-
sin, and in 1869 he was appointed Minister Resident
to Switzerland.
Huffliif Thotnas, — Born in Edgecombe County,
North Carolina ; graduated at Chapel Hill Univer-
sity ; is a lawyer by profession, and served as Circuit
Attorney of the Seventh Judicial Circuit of the State
of Missouri, from December, 1844, to December,
1848 ; and was elected a Representative from North
* Carolina to the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, Thirty-
fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a mem-
ber of the Committees on Public Lands, on Accounts,
and on the Militia. He took part in the Rebellion of
1861 as a member of the Rebel Congress, having pre-
qiously been a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of
1861. He also served as a Colonel in the Southern
army, and from the effects of a wound, died at Alex-
andria, Virginia, in October, 1863.
JRuggJes, Benjamin, — Born in Windham
County, Connecticut. He obtained the means for
receiving a classical educatioa by teaching a school
in winter. He studied law, and after his admission
to the bar removed to Marietta, Ohio ; he subse-
quently settled at St. Clairsville ; and in 1810 was
elected President Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas for the Third Circuit. He was elected by the
Legislature a Senator of the United States from
Ohio, serving from 1815 to 1833 ; and from his well-
known habits of industry, and constant devotion to
the interests of his constituents, he was called " The
Wheelhorse of the Senate," From his youth he was
a member of the Masonic fraternity. In 1837 he was
a Presidential Elector. He died at St. Clairsville,
September 2, 1837, aged seventy-four years. He
served on many of the most important Committees.
JRufjgleSf Charles H, — He was born in Litch-
field County, Connecticut, about the year 1790 ;
adopted the profession of law ; and removing to New
York was a member of the Legislature in 1820 ; a
Representative in Congress from 1821 to 1823 ; was
, for many years a Judge of the Circuit Court ; served
for a second term in the State Legislature ; was made
a Judge of the Court of Appeals, and Presiding Judge
from 1853 ; retired from the bench in 1855 ; and died
at Poughkeepsie, June 16, 1865.
RuggleSf John, — Born in Westborough, Massa-
chusetts ; was well educated, and possessed a taste for
the mechanic arts ; and was a Senator in Congress
from Maine from 1835 to 1841, and a member of the
Committee on Commerce. He took a special interest
in, and was the originator, when in Congress, of the
idea of a re-organization of the Patent Office ; and the
very first patent granted after the re-organization,
July 28, 1836, was granted to him for a locomotive
steam-engine. He was nine times elected to the
Maine Legislature, and officiated as Speaker three
years ; and from 1835 to 1841 was Judge of the Court
of Common Pleas.
Ruggles, Nathaniel, — He was a native of
Massachusetts ; graduated at Harvard University in
1781 ; was a Representative in Congress from Massa-
chusetts from 1813 to 1819, and died at Roxbury,
Massachusetts, December 19 of the latter year, at the
age of fifty-eight years.
Buggies, Timothy, — ^Born in Rochester, Mas-
sachusetts, October 11, 1711 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1732 ; was a successful lawyer ; was a
member of the Legislature in 1736 ; served as Briga-
dier-General and second in command at the battle of
Lake George in 1755 ; was appointed Aidge of the
Court of Common Pleas in 1756, and the Chief Justice
until the Revolution ; was Speaker of the Assembly
in 1762 and 1763 ; was a Delegate to the Stamp Act
Congress at New York in 1765, and its president, but
refused to concur in its measures and was reprimand-
ed by the Legislature, He adhered to the royal cause
and took refuge in Boston ; in 1775 he accompanied
the British troops to Nova Scotia, and became one of
the proprietors of the town of Digby. He was
remarkable for his wit, and in a drama, " The Group,"
figures as Brigadier Hateall. He died at Wilmot,
Nova Scotia, August 4, 1795.
Bnmsey f Benjamin, — He was a Delegate from
Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1776 to
1778.
Bumsey, David, tTr, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1847 to 1851.
Biimsey, JEdivard, — He was born in Kentucky,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1837 to 1839.
Bunk, JTohn, — He was born in New Jersey ;
was a Presidential Elector in 1841 ; and a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State from 1845 to 1847.
BunnelSf Harrison B, — He was born in Mis-
sissippi ; emigrated to Texas in 1841 ; served in the
Legislature of the State and was Speaker of the
House ; in 1855 he was elected Lieutenant Governor,
and was elected Governor of Texas in 1857. Died in
Cowie County, Mississippi.
BunnelSf Hiram 6r» — He was Governor of
Mississippi from 1833 to 1835.
Bunyon, Peter P, — He was born in 1787 ;
graduated at Rutger's College and adopted the pro-
fession of law ; and was for many years one of the
ablest jurists in New Jersey. He was for fifty
years a prominent leader in the affairs of the Baptist
denomination ; and, died in New Brunswick, Novem-
ber 27, 1871.
Btish, Benjamin, — Born in Bristol, Bucks
County, Pennsylvania, December 24, 1745 ; was
educated chiefly at Princeton College ; studied medi-
cine for six years, and then attended lectures at the
Edinburgh University ; practiced in the hospitals of
London, and completed his studies in Paris ; on his
return he was at once appointed a Professor in a
medical institution in Philadelphia ; he was an
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
367
earnest advocate of the cause of liberty ; was a Dele-
gate to the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777 ;
and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He
was a member of the Convention called to ratify the
Federal Constitution, and subsequently held the post
of Cashier of the United States Mint. On retiring
from political life he devoted his whole attention to
his profession, and was a Professor in various impor-
tant institutions ; and as a high officer, took an active
part in the Society for the Abolition of Slavery, the
Philadelphia Bible Society, the Philadelphia Medical
Society, and the American Philosophical Society.
Among his numerous writings were " Medical
Inquiries and Observations," and a "History of the
Yellow Fever." Died April 19, 1813, and is remem-
bered as one of the leading medical men of his time.
He was the father of Richard Rush, for many years
Minister to England and France, and also Secretary
of the Treasury under President J. Q. Adams.
Hushf Richard, — Born in Philadelphia, August
29, 1780, and was the son of Benjamin Rush ; gradu-
ated at Princeton College in 1797 ; studied law, and
came to the bar in 1800, in 1811 he was made At-
torney-General of the State, and soon afterwards
appointed by President Madison Comptroller of the
Treasury ; on July 4, 1812, by request, he delivered
an oration in the Capitol ; in 1814 he was appointed
Attorney-General of the United States, having
declined the Treasury Department ; for a few months
he performed the duties of Secretary of State, under
President Monroe ; in 1817 he was appointed Minister
to England, serving until 1825 ; he was Secretary of
the Treasury, under President J. Q. Adams ; was the
candidate for Vice-President on the ticket with
Adams ; in 1847 he was appointed Minister to France
by President Polk, remaining in office ten years. In
1833 he published "A Residence at the Court of St.
James ; " a Sequel to it in 1845 ; in 1857, " Familiar
Letters of Washington ; " and in 1860 a volume of
"Occasional Productions" was published. He took
a leading part in securing the fund of the Smithsoni-
an Institution, and was a Regent of the same ; and
published various papers and addresses on literary
and political topics. Died in Philadelphia, July 30,
1859.
HtfsJCf J'eremiaJi W, — He was born in Morgan
County, Ohio, June 17, 1830 ; received a good educa-
tion ; removed to Wisconsin in 1853 ; held several
county offices ; was a member of the Legislature in
1862 ; commissioned Major of Wisconsin Volunteers
in 1862 ; soon afterward promoted ; served with Gen-
eral Sherman from the siege of Vicksburg until mus-
tered out at the close of the war, and was bre vetted
Brigadier-General for meritorious services at the bat-
tle of Salkehatchie ; elected Bank Comptroller of
Wisconsin in 1866, and re-elected for 1868 ; and was
elected to the Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty-
fourth Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Invalid Pensions.
Huskf Thomas tf, — He was born in South
Carolina, studied law, and practiced with success in
Georgia. In the early part of 1835 he removed to
Texas, and was a prominent actor in all the impor-
tant events in the history of the Republic of the
State of Texas. He was a member of the Convention
that declared Texas an independent Republic, in
March, 1836 ; was the first Secretary of War ; parti-
cipated in the battle of San Jacinto, and took command
of the army after General Houston was wounded. He
continued in command of the army until the organi-
zation of the Constitutional Government in October,
1 836, when he was again appointed Secretary of War,
and resigned after a few months. He afterwards
commanded several expeditions against the Indians ;
served as a member of the House of Representatives,
and as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, which
last office he resigned early in 1842. In 1845 he was
President of the Convention that consummated the
annexation of Texas to the United States. Upon the
admission of Texas into the Union, in 1845, he was
elected one of the Senators in the Congress of the
United States, in which office he served two terms, and
was elected for the third term, ending in 1863. He was
Chairman of the Committee on the Post-office. He
took a deep interest in the wagon-road t6 the Pacific,
and the overland Mail. At the time of his death,
which occurred in Nacogdoches, Texas, July 29, 1856,
he was President pro tern, of the Senate. In a
moment of insanity, caused by overwhelming grief at
the death of his wife, he took his own life, aged
fifty-four years.
RusSf tfohn, — He was a native of Ipswich, Mas-
sachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress
from Connecticut, from 1819 to 1823. He died at
Hartford, Connecticut, June 22, 1832, aged sixty-
eight years.
Hiissellf JDavid, — He was born in Massachu-
setts, and was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1835 to 1841, serving as Chairman of
the Committee on Claims. He was also in the As-
sembly of that State, in 1816 and 1830, from Wash-
ington County, and District Attorney for Northern
New York. Died at Salem, Washington County,
New York, November 24, 1861, aged sixty-one
years.
Russellf Jaines 31, — He was born in York,
Pennsylvania, November 10, 1786 ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1842 to
1843. He was a successful lawyer, and died in Bed-
ford, December 20, 1870.
Hiissell, tferemiah, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1843 to 1845.
Russellf fTohn, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1805 to 1809.
Mussell, Jonathan, — He was appointed Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary to Sweden in 1814, and was a
Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from
1821 to 1823. Died February 16, 1832. His birth-
place was Middlesex County, Massachusetts.
Russell f floseph, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1845 to 1847, and
from 1851 to 1853.
Russell f Sa/inttel L, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1853 to 1855.
Russell f Thomas, — He was born in Massachu-
setts, and was appointed from that State in 1874 Min-
ister Resident to Venezuela, residing at Caracas.
Russell, William, — He was born in Ireland,
and having emigrated to Ohio, was a Representative
in Congress from that State from 1827 to 1833, and
again from 1841 to 1843.
Russell f William F, — Born in Saugerties, Ul-
ster County, New York ; was a merchant for twenty
years, and a member of the Legislsuture of New
York in 1850, serving one term ; was elected a Rep-
resentative from New York in the Thirty -fifth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs.
Rust, Albert, — He was born in Virginia, and,
removing to Arkansas, was a Representative in Con-
368
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
gress from that State from 1855 to 1857, and a^ain
from 1859 to 1861, serving on tlie Committee on Roads
and Canals, and tlie Special Committee of Tlnrty-
tliree on tlie Rebellious States. He took part in tlie
Rebellion of 1861, and was a Brigadier-General.
Mtitlierford, Allan, — He was born in New
"York City, October 29,1839; brought up in a mercantile
house and studied law, coming to the bar in 1860 ;
served as a volunteer officer during the Rebellion,
and became a Brigadier-General by brevet ; settled in
Wilmington, North Carolina ; was appointed in 1866
a Captain in the regular army, but resigned in 1870
to accept the office of Third Auditor of the Treasury,
and has continued in that office to the present time.
Mutherfordf John* — He was a native of New
York City ; a nephew of William Alexander, Earl of
Stirling ; graduated at New Jersey College in 1776 ;
was educated a lawyer; was a Presidential Elector in
1798, 1813, and 1821 ; a Senator of the United States
from New Jersey from 1791 to 1798 ; and was the last
survivor of the Senators in Congress during the ad-
ministration of Washington. He early retired from
public life, and, being one of the largest landholders
in New Jersey, was actively engaged in agricultural
and internal improvements. He died at Ederston,
New Jersey, February 23, 1840, in the eightieth year
of his age.
JRutherfordf tfohn, — He was a native of Vir-
ginia and Governor of that State from 1841 to 1842.
Rutherford f Robert, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1797.
Rutledge, Edward, — Born in Charleston, South
Carolina, in November, 1749 ; received a good educa-
tion, and studied law at the Temple in London ; he
was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774
to 1777, and signed the Declaration of Independence :
he took part in military affairs, and was taken pris-
oner at Charleston, remaining in confinement nearly
a year ; subsequently served in the State Assembly ;
in 1798 he was elected Governor of South Carolina,
holding the office until his death, which occurred
January 23, 1800. He stood high both as an orator
and a patriot.
Rutledge^ John, — He was born in Ireland in
1739 ; emigrated to South Carolina ; studied law in
England, and, returning to South Carolina in 1761,
took an active part in the Revolutionary cause, and
was a Delegate to the Continental Congress. In 1776
he was appointed President of South Carolina, and
Commander-in-Chief of that Colony, having also been
a member of the Convention of 1774. He was Gov-
ernor of the State in 1779 ; Chancellor of the State in
1784 ; member of the Convention to form the Consti-
tution, and signed that instrument ; a Representative
in Congress from 1797 to 1803 ; and, after having
been Judge of the Court of Chancery, Chief Justice
of South Carolina, and Judge of. the Supreme Court
of the United States, was finally promoted to the po-
sition of Chief Justice, but was not confirmed by the
Senate. Died in July, 1800.
Ryall, D, IB, — He was born in Trenton, New Jer-
sey ; adopted the profession of law ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from that State from 1839 to
1841.
Ryerson, Wartin, — He was born in New Jer-
sey in 1815 ; received a liberal education and adopted
the profession of law, in which he was eminently suc-
cessful ; he was for a time Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court of New Jersey ; and in 1874 he was
appointed one of the Judges of the Court organized
in Washington for the purpose of adjudicating on the
Alabama Claims. He participated to some extent in
the political affairs of his time, and was noted for his
high character and benevolence. Ill health caused
him to resign his last public position, and he died at
his residence in Newton, New Jersey, in June, 1875.
He was remarkable for his strict business habits, and
a few hours before his death he made a calculation as
to the cost of his funeral, and signed a check for the
amount required, giving as a reason that he did not
want his executors to be troubled about the matter
while settling his estate.
Sahin, AlvaJi, — He was bom in Georgia, Ver-
mont, October 23, 1793 ; was educated for the minis-
try ; and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1853 to 1857. He served ten years in the
State Legislature ; and was Secretary of State for
Vermont in 1841.
Sabine f Lorenzo, — He was bom in Lisbon, New
Hampshire, February 28, 1803 ; was entirely self-ed-
ucated ; was bred a merchant ; was for many years a
bank officer ; and was for some time Secretary of the
Boston Board of Trade. He was three times elected
to the Legislature of Maine from Eastport, and was
at one time Deputy Collector of the port of Passama-
quoddy. He has held, in Massachusetts, the position
of Confidential Agent of the Treasury Department ;
and was a Representative from that State to the
Thirty-second Congress. He has devoted much of his
time to literary pursuits, and is the author of a " Life
of Commodore Preble," " The American Loyalists,"
" Report on the American Fisheries," and " Notes on
Duels and Duelling," and has been a contributor to
the North American Review and other leading
periodicals. The degree of A.M. was conferred upon
him by Bowdoin and Harvard Colleges.
Sachettf William A, — Born in New York and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1849 to 1853, and was a member of the Commit-
tee on Revolutionary Pensions.
Saffoldf Reuben. — Born in Wilkes County,
Georgia, September 4, 1788 ; after practicing law in
Georgia he removed to Jackson, Alabama, in 1813 ;
he commanded a company of Volunteers during the
Indian troubles ; was a member of the Territorial
Legislature of Mississippi for several years ; was a
member of the State Constitutional Convention in
1819 ; and was in that year appointed one of the Cir-
cuit Judges, and subsequently a member of the
Supreme Court ; in 1832 he was one of the three
judges appointed to the Supreme Bench, of which in
1835 and 1836 he was Chief Justice. Died in Dallas
County, Alabama, February 15, 1847.
Sage, Ebenezer, — He graduated at Yale College
in 1778, and was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1809 to 1815, and again from 1819 to
1820. He died in 1834.
Sage, Russell, — Born in Oneida County, New
York, August 4, 1816 ; received a common-school ed-
ucation ; commenced active life as a clerk in a store
at Troy, and until 1853 was wholly devoted to mer-
cantile pursuits. In 1841 he was elected an alder-
man in the city of Troy, and by annual elections,
served seven years in that capacity ; he was also
Treasurer of Rensselaer County for seven years, in
which office he was especially popular ; and he was a
Representative in Congress from New York from 1853
to 1857; serving on the Committees on Invalid Pen-
sions, and on Ways and Means. He was the first man
who advocated, on the floor of Congress, the purchase
by the General Government of Mount Vernon ; and
he was among the most active supporters of Mr.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
369
L
Banks for the oflBce of Speaker of the House of Rep-
resentatives.
Sdilly, Peter, — He was born in Loraine, France ;
first came to the United States in 1783, and settled in
Clinton County, New York. Having been well edu-
cated and possessing a decided talent for business, he
acquired considerable influence, and held several
offices of public trust in his adopted State, He was a
Representative in Congress from New York from 1805
to 1807, and, on his retirement from that position, he
was appointed by President Jefferson Collector of Cus-
j;oms for the District of Champlain, holding the office
until his death, which occurred at Plattsburg, in
1826.
Saltonstallf Leverett, — Born in Massachusetts,
in 1781 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1802 ; com-
menced the practice of law in Salem in 1805, and was
distinguished as a lawyer ; was a State Senator in
1831 ; Mayor of Salem from 1836 to 1838 ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1837 ; he frequently served in
the State Legislature, and was a Representative in
Congress from 1838 to 1843. He was also an active
member of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, and of the Massachusetts Historical Society,
and the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon
him by Harvard College, to which he left a legacy,
and he also made a bequest of valuable books to
Phillips' Academy at Exeter, where he commenced
his education. He died at Salem, Massachusetts,
May 8, 1845.
Saltonstall, Richard, — Born at Haverhill,
June 14, 1703 ; graduated at Harvard University in
1722 ; was a Representative in the Legislature in
1728 ; a member of the Council ; and in 1736 a Judge
of the Superior Court, which he resigned a few
months before his death, on account of ill health.
He was Chairman of the Committee for settling the
boundary line between Massachusetts and New
Hampshire. Died October 20, 1756.
SanimonSf Thoiuas, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1803 to 1807, and
again from 1809 to 1813.
Sample f Samuel C, — He was born in Maryland,
and was a Representative in Congress from Indiana
from 1843 to 1845.
Sampson, Ezekiel 5.— Born in Huron County,
Ohio, December 6, 1831 ; received his early education
at public schools, later at Howe's Academy, Iowa, and
at Knox College Illinois ; studied law, and began to
practice at Sigourney, Iowa, in 1856 ; was Prosecuting
Attorney in 1856, 1857 and 1858 ; was Captain in the
Fifth Iowa Infantry in 1861 and 1862, and Lieutenant-
Colonel in 1863 and 1864 ; State Senator in 1866 ;
Judge of the Sixth District of Iowa from January,
1867, to January, 1875, and was elected a Represent-
ative from Iowa to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Sampson f Zahdiel, — He was born in Plympton,
Massachusetts ; graduated at Brown University in
1803, and adopted the profession of law. He was a
Representative in Congress from his native State from
1817 to 1819 ; and in 1820 he was appointed Collector
of Customs at Pljrmouth, where he died, while in
office, July 19, 1828.
Samuel, Green B, — Born in Virginia in 1794,
and was elected a Representative in Congress from
1839 to 1841. He was for eleven years Judge of the
Supreme Court of Appeals, and died at Richmond
January 5, 1859, aged sixty-five years.
Sandford, John,—B.Q was a native of New
24
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1841 to 1843, and a member of the
New York Senate, in the extra session of 1851. He
died in Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York,
October, 1857.
Sandford, Jonah, — He was a member of the
New York Assembly in 1827 and 1830, from the
County of St. Lawrence, and was a Representative in
Congress from 1830 to 1831.
Sandford, Lewis H, — Born in Onondaga Coun-
ty, New York, about 1806 ; studied the profession of
law at Syracuse ; removed to New York City in 1833;
was made Assistant Vice-Chancellor of the first Cir-
cuit in 1843; Vice-Chancellor in 1846, and As^sociate
Justice of the Superior Court in 1847, which position
he held until his death, which occurred in Toledo,
Ohio, in 1852, of cholera. He published five volumes
of Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of New
York City, and four volumes of New York Chancery
Reports, from 1843 to 1847.
Sandford, Thomas, — Born in Westmoreland
County, Virginia, in 1762 ; removed to Kentucky in
1792, and settled at Covington ; was a member of the
State Constitutional Convention of 1799 ; was several
times a member of the Legislature ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from 1803 to 1807. He was
drowned in the Ohio River, December 10, 1808.
Sandidge, John M, — Born in Franklin Coun-
ty, Georgia, January 7, 1817 ; was a planter by occu-
pation, and served as a member of the Legislature of
Louisiana from 1846 to 1855. In 1852 he was a mem-
ber of the Convention that framed the present Con-
stitution of that State ; Speaker of the House in 1854
and 1855; and elected a Representative to the Thirty-
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was Chairman
of the Committee on Private Land Claims.
Sands, Benjamin F, — Born in Maryland, Feb-
ruary 11, 1812 ; was appointed Midshipman in 1828 ;;
Lieutenant in 1840 ; Commander in 1855 ; Captain in
1862; Commodore in 1866; Rear-Admiral in 1871; was
attached to the Coast Survey from 1836 to 1841, and
from 1851 to 1858; was at the capture of Tabasco,
Mexico, in 1847 ; commanded Coast Survey Steamer
Actim in 1861 and 1862 ; commanded steam sloop
Dakota, of North Atlantic Blockade Squadron, in
1863 ; commanded Steamer Fort JacTcsoTi of the same
squadron in 1864 and in 1865 ; was iij both attacks on
Fort Fisher, and on the blockade of Wilmington was
most of the time senior officer ; and conjmanded that
division from November, 1862, to February, 1865 ;
and was appointed Superintendent of the. National
Observatory at Washington May. 8, 1867*.
Sands, Joshua, — ^He was born, in Queens Coun-
ty, New York, in 1758, and was a, member of the
New York Senate from Kings County from 1792 to
1799, and a Representative in Congress from 1803 to
1804, and again from 1828 to 1827. During the war
of 1775 he was a member of the Brooklyn Home
Guards ; in 1797 he was appointed by President
Adams Collector of Customs for the Port of New
York ; and was at one time a Magistrate in Kings
County; and he also took ah active part, with two
brothers, in the- Revolutionary War to its close. Died
in his native coamty, September 13, 1835. He was the
father of the present Commodore Sands.
Sanford,. David C, — Born in New Milford,
Connecticut^, in 1800 ; studied law and came to the
bar in Litchfield County; served in both branches of
the Legislature, and in 1854 was elected a Justice of
the Supreme and Superior Courts of the State. Died
at New Milford, May 10, 1864.
370
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Sanfordf Edward J, — He was born in New
Haven, Connecticut, July 4, 1826 ; graduated at Yale
Collei^'-e in 1847, and at the Yale Law School in 1849;
was elected to the State Senate in 1864 and 1865; dur-
ing the same years was City Judge; in 1867 he was
elected a Judge of the Supreme Court, and re-elected
to the same position in 1875,
Sanfordf Henry S. — He was, in 1849, ap-
pointed Secretary of Legation to France, and from
1861 to 1869 he was Minister Resident to Belgium.
Sanfordf James T, — He was born in Virginia,
but removed to Tennessee at an early day. He was
a Representative in Congress from Tennessee from
1823 to 1825. He was liberally educated, and having
acquired a large property in the pursuits of agricul-
ture, he appropriated a part of his wealth to the es-
tablishment of "Jackson College," where many
prominent men have been educated. He died many
years ago.
Sanfordy Jonah, — He was born in Cornwall,
Vermont, in 1789; removed to Hopkinton, New York,
in 1811 ; in 1829 and 1830 he represented his county
in the State Legislature; he was a Representative in
Congress for the unexpired term of Silas Wright,
from December, 1830, to March, 1831 ; and was one of
the Associate Judges of the Court of Common
Pleas. On the breaking out of the Rebellion he ex-
erted himself to raise a regiment of troops, in which
he succeeded and then turned it over to the command
of another. Died in Hopkinton, December 25, 1867.
Sanfordf Nathan, — Born in Bridgehampton,
Long Island, November 5, 1779 ; was admitted to the
bar in 1799; was United States Commissioner of Bank-
ruptcy for New York in 1802; United States District
Attorney for New York from 1803 to 1816 ; Speaker
of the Assembly in 1811 ; afterward State Senator;
member of the State Constitutional Convention in
1821 ; Chancellor of New York from 1823 to 1825 ;
United States Senator from 1815 to 1821, and again
from 1825 to 1831. He died at Bridgehampton, Oc-
tober, 1838.
Sattfordf Stephen, — Born in Montgomery Coun-
ty, New York, May 26, 1826; educated at the George-
town (District of Columbia) College and the Pough-
keepsie Institute ; was a carpet manufacturer ; and
elected a Representative from New York to the Forty-
first Congress, serving on the Committees on Manu-
factures and Patents.
Sappf William JR, — He was born in Ohio, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1853 to 1857.
Sargeantf Nathaniel JPeaslee, — Born in Me-
thuen, Massachusetts, November 2, 1731 ; graduated
at Harvard University in 1750 ; studied law and prac-
ticed in Haverhill ; was elected a Delegate to the
Provincial Congress in 1775 ; was a Representative in
the Legislature in 1776 ; Judge of the Supreme Court
of the State ; and Chief Justice in 1789. Died in
Haverhill, October, 1791.
Sargent f Aaron A. — Was born in Newbury-
port, Massachusetts, September 28, 1827 ; early ac-
quired a knowledge of the printing business ; emi-
grated to California in 1849 ; studied law, and came
to the bar in 1854 ; and in 1861 was elected a Repre-
sentative from California to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, serving as a member of the Select Committee
on the Pacific Railroad, to which enterprise he was
particularly devoted. Re-elected to the Forty-first
and Forty-second Congresses. He was also elected a
Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1873
and ending in 1879, serving on the Committees on
Naval Affairs, Mines and Mining, and Appropriations.
Sargent f Nathan. — He was born in Putney,
Vermont, May 5, 1794 ; received a good education,
studied law, and in his twenty-third year removed to
Cahawba, Alabama, where he was a Judge of the
County and Probate Courts. Between the years 1826
and 1830 he resided in Buffalo, New York ; in the
latter year he went to Philadelphia and established a
Whig newspaper ; subsequently became the Wash-
ington correspondent of the United States Gazette of
Philadelphia, and by the assumed name of Oliver*
Oldschool, became quite famous ; in 1849 he was
elected Sergeant-at-arms by the House of Represent-
atives in Washington ; was Register of the Treasury
from 1851 to 1853 ; in 1861 he was appointed Com-
missioner of Customs, and held the position until 1871,
when he resigned ; and he died in Washington, Feb-
ruary 2, 1875. At the time of his death he Avas Presi-
dent of the Washington Reform School, and his last
literary labor was the preparation of a work entitled
" Public Men and Events," which came from the
press, in two volumes, only a few days before his
death. He made a decided mark in his time as a
journalist, an executive officer, and a man of high
character.
Sargent f Winthrop, — Born in Gloucester, Mas-
sachusetts, May 1, 1753 ; graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity, in 1771 ; in 1775 he was Captain of one of his
father's ships ; he entered the army in that year ;
was appointed Navy Agent at Gloucester in 1776 ;
was Captain and Lieutenant of Knox's Regiment of
Artillery in 1776, and took part in the siege of Boston
and the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Trenton,
Princeton, Brandy wine, Germantown, Monmouth, etc.,
attaining the rank of Major, serving during the whole
war. He became connected with the Ohio Company,
and in 1786 was appointed by Congress Surveyor of the
North-west Territory ; its Secretary in 1787 ; and Gov-
ernor of the Territoiy of Mississippi from 1798 to 1801;
was Adjutant-General of St. Clair's army in the un-
fortunate expedition against the Indians in 1791 ; and
was wounded ; he was Adjutant-General and Inspec-
tor in Wayne's campaign in 1794 and 1795 ; was mem-
ber of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the
Philosophical Society. He published "Boston, a
Poem," in 1803. Died on a voyage from Natchez to
Philadelphia, June 3, 1820. His grandson, bearing
the same name, was noted as an author.
Sanlshury, Eli, — Was born in Kent County,
Dela-ware, December 29, 1817 ; educated at Dickinson
College ; studied and practiced law ; M^as a member
of the State Legislature of Delaware in 1853 and 1854;
and elected a Senator in Congress in 1871, for the temi
ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Pen-
sions, Privileges, and Elections, and Printing, and
Post-OfBces and Post-Roads.
Saidsburi/f Gove, — He was born in Delaware,
and elected Governor of that State in 1865, remaining
in office until 1871. Brother of Senator Eli Sauls-
bury.
Sanlfhtiry^ Willard, — Was born in Kent Coun-
ty, Delaware, June 2, 1820 ; was educated at Dela-
ware College and also at Dickinson College ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845 ; in 1850 he
was appointed Attorney-General of Delaware, and
held the office five years ; and in 1859 he was elected
a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 1865,
serving on the Committees on Commerce, Pensions,
and Patents and the Patent Office. He was also a
Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" of 1864 ; and
was re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
371
in 1865 and ending in 1871, serving on the Commit-
tee on Mines and Mining.
SdtinderSf A Ivin, — He was born in Kentucky ;
removed to Iowa ; and in 1864 was appointed from
that State Governor of the Territory of Nebraska, re-
siding at Omaha City, and remaining in office until
1867.
Saimdei^Sf Romulus M, — Born in Caswell
County, North Carolina, March, 1791. He received
an academical education, and spent two years in the
University of that State. He studied law in Tennes-
see, and was admitted to practice there in 1812. He
returned to North Carolina ; was in the House of Com-
mons from 1815 to 1820, and for two years Speaker of
the House. He was a Representative in Congress
from 1821 to 1827, and from 1841 to 1845. In 1828
he was Attorney-General of the State ; in 1833 was
President of the Board of Commissioners to settle the
claims of American citizens under the treaty of July
4, 1831, v/ith France ; in 1835 he was elected a Judge
of the Supreme Court ; in 1846 he was appointed by
President Polk Minister to Spain, where he remained
four years ; on his return he was again elected to the
Legislature of North Carolina ; after which he de-
voted much attention to the railroad improvements
of the State. Died in Raleigh, April 21, 1867.
Savage, tTohn, — He was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1814 ; and from 1815 to 1819 a
Representative in Congress from that State. He sub-
sequently held the positions of District Attorney,
Comptroller of the State, Chief Justice of the Su-
preme Court, and Treasurer of the United States for
New York, and was a Presidential Elector in 1845.
Died in Utica, October 19, 1863, aged eighty-four
years.
Savage, tTohn H, — He was a native of Warren
County, Tennessee. During his minority he volun-
teered as a private soldier, under General Gaines, to
defend the Texan frontier ; also served during a cam-
paign in Florida. He afterwards studied law, and
commenced practice, in 1837, at Smithville, Tennes-
see. He was elected Colonel of the Tennessee Mili-
tia ; was elected by the Legislature Attorney-General
of the Fourth District of his State in 1841, and held
the office until 1847. During that year he received
from President Polk the appointment of Major in the
Fourteenth Regiment United States Infantry, and,
joining the American army in Mexico, was present
at the battles of Contreras, Churubusco, and Molina
del Rey, and was wounded at Chapultepec. He was
promoted to the position of Lieutenant-Colonel, and
as such had command of his regiment, after the
death of Colonel Graham, until the close of the war.
On returning to Tennessee, he resumed the practice
of his profession ; and was first elected a Representa-
tive in Congress in 1849 ; he was re-elected in 1851 ;
declined being a candidate in 1853 ; and was re-elected
in 1855 and 1857. He was a member of the Commit-
tee on Military Affairs.
Savage, John S, — Born in Clermont County,
Ohio, October 30, 1841 ; received a common-school
education ; was admitted to the bar in Clinton County,
Ohio, in 1865 ; never held any pablic office until
elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-
fourth Congress.
Sawfelle, Cullen. — He was born in Norridge-
wock, Maine ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1825 ;
studied law, and admitted to the bar in 1829 ; served
eight years as Register of Probate ; was a State Sen-
ator during the years 1843 and 1844 ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Maine from 1845 to
1847, and again from 1849 to 1851.
Sawyer, Frederich A, — Born in Bolton, Wor-
cester County, Massachusetts, December 12, 1822 ;
while yet a boy he acted as a clerk, and taught
school for several winters ; graduated at Harvard
College in 1844 ; was a teacher for seven years at
Gardiner and Wiscasset, in the State of Maine ; from
1851 to 1859, he continued the profession of teaching
at Lowell, South Reading, and Boston, in Massachu-
setts, and at Nashua, in New Hampshire ; in 1859 he
went to Charleston, South Carolina, and had charge
of the Normal School there until 1864, when, as a
loyal man, he, and his family were permitted to re-
turn to New England ; he returned to Charleston in
1865, and was made a Collector of Internal Revenue ;
he was elected to the State Constitutional Convention,
under the Acts of Reconstruction, but was compelled
to decline ; and he was elected a Senator in Congress
from South Carolina, for the term ending in 1873,
serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims,
Education, Pensions, and Appropriations. He was
subsequently appointed Assistant Secretary of the
Treasury.
Sawyer, Lemuel. — Was born in Camden
County, North Carolina, in 1777 ; educated at Flat-
bush, New York ; studied law ; was in the State Le-
gislature in 1801, and voted in the Electoral College
for Thomas Jefferson in 1804. He was elected a Rep-
resentative from North Carolina to Congress in 1807,
serving until 1813 ; and subsequently served in the
same capacity from 1817 to 1823, and from 1825 to
1829. About the year 1850 he removed to Washing-
ton, and held a clerkship in one of the departments.
Published a Life of John Randolph.
Satvyer, Lorenzo, — He was born in Le Ray,
Jefferson County, New York, May 23, 1820 ; while
obtaining the rudiments of his education he worked
upon a farm ; in his sixteenth year, went with his
father to Pennsylvania ; subsequently went to Ohio,
and finished his education at the Western Reserve
College ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1846 ;
removed to Illinois ; thence to Wisconsin ; and in
1850 he went to California ; worked for a time in the
mines ; settled in the practice of his profession at
Sacramento ; but soon afterwards went to Nevada,
where he remained until 1853 ; and he settled perma-
nently in San Francisco. In 1854 he was elected
Attorney for the city ; was afterwards appointed
Judge of the District Court for the State ; and in
1863 was elected one of the Justices of the Supreme
Court of the State ; Chief Justice from 1868 to 1870,
and in the latter year he was commissioned United
States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit, residing
in San Francisco, California.
Sawyer, Philetus, — He was born in Whiting,
Addison County, Vermont ; received a good common-
school and business education ; removed to Wiscon-
sin, and devoted himself to the lumber trade ; was
elected to the Legislature of that State in 1857 and
1861 ; in 1863 he was elected Mayor of Oshkosh, and
re-elected in 1864 ; and was elected a Representative
from Wisconsin to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Manufactures and on In-
valid Pensions . He was also a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia "Loyalists' Convention "of 1866; and was
re-elected to the Fortieth-Congress, serving on the
Committee on Commerce and Southern Railroads. He
was also re-elected to the three succeeding Con-
gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
the Pacific Railroad and various other Committees.
He declined a re-election.
Sawyer, S. T, — He was born in North Carolina ;
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1837 to 1839. He was appointed by President
Pierce Collector of Customs at Norfolk, Virginia ;
372
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
and was subsequently editor of the Norfolk Argus.
Died in New Jersey, November 29, 1865, aged sixty-
five years.
Sawyer, William, — Born in Ohio, and was a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1845
to 1849.
Sag, benjamin, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1808 to 1809, for
the unexpired term of Joseph Clay.
Sayler, Henry JB. — He' was bom in Mont-
gomery County, Ohio, March 31, 1836 ; removed to
Clinton County, Indiana, in 1836 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; studied law, and admitted to
the bar in 1859 ; enlisted in the Army as Lieutenant ;
was promoted to Major of the One Hundred and
Eighteeenth Indiana Infantry ; and held no public
office until he was elected to the F©rty-third Con-
gress from Indiana, serving on the Committees on
Weights and Measures.
Sayler, 3Iilton, — He was born in Lewisburg,
Preble County, Ohio, November 4, 1831 ; graduated
at Miami University in 1852, and at the Cincinnati
Law School ; practiced law ; was a member of the
State Legislature in 1862 and 1863, and of the City
Councils in 1864 and 1865 ; and elected to the Forty-
third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the
Committees on Revision of Laws and Private Land
Claims. In December, 1875, he was appointed Chair-
man of the Committee on Public Lands.
Scales, Alfred W,, tTr, — He was born in Rock-
ingham County, North Carolina, November 26, 1827 ;
was educated chiefly at the Chapel-Hill University :
adopted the profession of law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1851 ; was elected to the Legislature of
North Carolina in 1852 and 1856 ; and in 1857 he was
elected a Representative from his native State to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the
Committee on the District of Columbia. He was
also a Presidential Elector in 1861. Re-elected to the
Forty-fourth Congress. In December, 1875, he was
appointed Chairman of the Committee on Indian
Affairs.
Scammon, John ¥, — Born in Saco, Maine, Oc-
tober 24, 1786 ; was bred a merchant : served in the
Massachusetts Legislature, as Representative, during
1817, and in the Maine Legislature in 1820 and 1821 ;
was Collector of Customs at Saco from 1829 to 1841 ;
was a Representative in Congress from Maine from
1845 to 1847 ; a State Senator in 1855 ; Secretary of
an Insurance Company from 1841 to 1845 ; and Treas-
urer of a Savings Bank from 1843 to 1845. Died
May 23, 1858.
Schell, Hichard, — He was elected a Represent-
ative from New York to the Forty-third Congress,
to fill the vacancy caused by the death of David B.
Mellish, serving on the Committee on the Census.
SchencUf Abraham H, — He was born in 1777;
was a member of the New York Assembly in 1804,
1805, and 1806 ; and: a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1815 to 1817. He was among
the first who engaged in the manufacture of cotton
under the non-intercourse laws. Died in 1831.
Schench, Ferdinand >S>,r— Born in Middlesex
County, New Jersey, February 11, 1790 ; he received
a common-school education .; and, having studied
medicine, was for many years 4&yoied itp ihe practice.
In 1829 he was elected to the StSfte Legislature, and
re-elected In 1830 and 1831 ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from New Jersey from 1833 to 1837.
He was a member, in 1844, of the Convention to re-
vise the State Constitution, and was soon after elec-
ted a Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeal,
which position he held for eight years. Died at Cam-
den, May 17, 1860.
SchencTc, JRohert C, — Bom in Franklin, Warren
County, Ohio, October 4, 1809 ; graduated at Miami
University in 1827, where he remained one or two
years as a tutor ; he studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1831, and settled in Dayton. In 1840 he
was elected to the Ohio Legislature ; re-elected in
1842 ; and was a Representative in Congress from his
native State from 1843 to 1851, serving on many com-
mittees ; during the Thirtieth Congress as Chairman
of the Committee on Roads and Canals. On his re-
tirement from Congress he was appointed by Presi-
dent Fillmore Minister to Brazil, and during his resi-
dence in South America he took part in negotiating
a number of treaties. On his return, in 1853, he be-
came extensively engaged in the railway business.
In 1861 he served as a Brigadier and Major-General
in the Union army ; and in 1862 was elected to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Military Affairs. Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, and in 1865 he was appointed
by President Johnson a member of the Board of
Visitors to the West Point Academy, and was Presi-
dent of the Board. He served on the Committee on
the Death of President Lincoln, and again at the
head of the Committee on Military Affairs ; was a
member of the National Committee appointed to ac-
company the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois ;
also of the Committee on Retrenchment ; and he was
one of the Representatives designated by the House
to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. He
was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia * * Loyalists'
Convention" of 1866, and to the "Soldiers' Conven-
tion " held at Pittsburg ; and was re-elected to the
Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving as Chair-
man of the Committee on Ordnance, and at the head
of the Committee of Ways and Means. In 1870 he
was appointed Minister to England.
Schertnerhorn, Abraham M, — He was a
Representative in Congress from New York from 1849
to 1853 ; and died in Rochester, New York, August
22, 1855.
Schleicher, Gustave, — Bom in Darmstadt, Ger-
many, November 19, 1823 ; educated at the Univer-
sity of Giessen ; became a civil engineer, and was
employed on the construction of railroads ; emigrated
to Texas in 1847 ; lived at first on the frontier, but
settled in San Antonio in 1850 ; served in the State
Legislature in 1853 and 1854 ; from 1859 to 1861 he
served in the State Senate ; and in 1874 he was elected
a Representative from Texas to the Forty-fourth
Congress.
Schley, William, — Born in Frederick City, Ma-
ryland, December 15, 1786. He received an academ-
ical education in Georgia ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar at Augusta in 1812 ; continued
the practice of his profession until 1825, when he was
elected a Judge of the Superior Court of the Middle
District of Georgia. He was elected to the State
Legislature in 1830 ; and was a Representative in
Congress from 1833 to 1835 ; and during the two fol-
lowing years was Governor of Georgia. He pub-
lished a "Digest of the English Statutes." He was,
when Governor, one of the most active supporters of
the Western and Atlantic Railroad ; and at the time
of his death was President of the Medical College of
Georgia. He died at Augusta, Georgia, November
20, 1858.
Schofield, John McAllister, — Born in Chau-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
373
tauqua County, New York, September 29, 1831 ; re-
moved to Illinois with his parents, when a boy ;
graduated at the West Point Academy in 1858 and
made a Second Lieutenant in the Second Artillery ;
was first stationed in South Carolina and Florida ;
was an instructor in Natural Philosophy, at West
Point, for five years ; in 1860 was granted leave of
absence to occupy the chair of Natural Philosophy
in Washington University, at St. Louis ; on the com-
mencement of hostilities in 1860 he was detailed by
the War Department to raise troops and was ap-
pointed Major of the First Missouri Volunteers ; in
1861 he was appointed a Captain in the Regular
Army ; was Chief of General Lyon's Staff as Assis-
tant Adjutant when the heroic General fell at Wil-
son's Creek, and acquitted himself with great gal-
lantry ; November, 1861, he was made a Brigadier-
General of Volunteers ; in June, 1863, the entire
State of Missouri was placed under his command ; in
October following he won the battle of Maysville,
near Pea Ridge, in Arkansas ; soon after that he was
commissioned a Major-General of Volunteers, and in
1864 a Brigadier-General intlie Regular Army, and in
1865 elevated to the full rank of Major-General. In
1864 he joined General Sherman with seventeen thou-
sand men, and took a conspicuous part in nearly all
the engagements of the Atlantic campaign, until the
surrender of General Joseph Johnston. After the war
he made a tour of inspection in the Southern States ;
also visited Europe ; in 1867 he was assigned to the
First Military District, comprising Virginia ; and on
the resignation of General Grant as Secretary of War
ad interim, Siiid while impeachment was progressing,
he was appointed by President Johnson Secretary of
War, and after the acquittal of the President, was
duly confirmed, May 30, 1868.
Schoolcraft^ Henry Howe, — He was born in
Albany, New York, March 28, 1793 ; educated at
Middlebury College ; in 1817 he visited the West, and
published a work entitled " A View of the Lead
Mines of Missouri ; " in 1820 he was appointed geol-
ogist of the exploring expedition, under General
Cass, to lake Superior and the head of the Mississip-
pi, and published an account of it in 1821 ; made a
second tour to the West, and published " Travels in
the Central Portions of the Mississippi Valley ; " in
1822 he was appointed an Indian agent for the North-
west; from 1828 to 1832 he was a member of the Ter-
ritorial Legislature of Michigan ; in the former year
founded the Michigan Historical Society at Detroit,
and in 1831 the Algic Society ; in 1832 he made an-
other expedition to the West, and discovered the
source of the Mississippi, of which he published an
account in 1834 ; in 1836 he made an Indian treaty,
which secured sixteen million acres of land to the
United States ; removed to New York City in 1841 ;
visited Europe in 1842 ; published, by authority of
the State of New York, in 1848, " Notes on the Iro-
quois ;" about that time published a book of Indian
legends, entitled "Algic Researches;" commenced
the publication in 1850, for the Government, of " His-
torical Information Respecting the History, Con-
dition, and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the
United States," which resulted in six quarto volumes,
illustrated by Captain Seth Eastman ; and after many
years of suffering from rheumatic affections, which he
bore with rare Cliristian fortitude, he died at his resi-
dence in Washington City, December 10, 1864. The
total number of his publications, as his widow in-
formed the writer, was thirty-one ; and as the histori-
an of the American Indians, he will always be con-
sidered the leading authority.
Schoolcraft f John L, — He was born in Albany,
New York, and was all his life identified with that
city as a merchant. He was for many years Presi-
dent of the Commercial Bank of Albany ; and was a
Representative in Congress from New York from
1849 to 1853. Died at St. Catherine's, Canada West,
in May, 1860.
Schoonmaker, Cornelius C, — He was a Rep-
sentative in Congress from New York from 1791 to
1793, and was for fourteen years, before and after the
above term, a member of the New York Assembly
from the County of Ulster.
Schoonmaker, Marius, — Born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1851 to 1853.
Schroeder, Francis, — He was a citizen of
Rhode Island, and a man of superior culture ; in
1849 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to Sweden ;
in 1854 raised to the rank of Minister Resident ;
subsequently traveled exi-ensively in Europe, and
published an interesting work in two volumes of ob-
servations on the Mediterranean ; and of late years
has been attached to the Astor Library in New York,
as one of the Librarians.
Schumal^er , J ohn G, — He was born in Claver-
ack, Columbia County, New York, June 27, 1826, of
German parentage; received an academical educa-
tion at home, and in Lenox, Mapsachusetts ; studied
law, and came to the bar in 1847 : in 1853, he settled
in Brooklyn, where he practiced his profession ; in
1856, he was elected District Attorney for Kings
County ; in 1862 and in 1864, he was elected Corpora-
tion Counsel for the city of Brooklyn ; was a Dele-
gate to the Chicago Convention of 1864 ; was a mem-
ber of the State Constitutional Convention of 1867 ;
and in 1868 he was elected a Representative from
New York to the Forty-first Congress, serving on tlie
Committee on the Ninth Census. Re-elected to the
Forty-third Congress ; and during that service, his
conduct in receiving a large fee from the Pacific
Steam Ship Company, attracted great attention
throughout the country.
Schuneman, Martin Cr.— He was a Represent-
ative in Congress from New York from 1805 to 1807,
He was a man of giant size, and of great force of
character.
Schureman, tfames, — He was a prominent
man in New Jersey during the Revolution, and was
a graduate of Queen's College. He was a Represent-
ative in Congress from New Jersey from 1789 to
1791, and from 1797 to 1799 ; a Senator in Congress
from 1799 to 1801, when he resigned ; and again a
Representative from 1813 to 1815. He was also at
one time Mayor of New Brunswick. He was also a
Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1786 and
1787.
SchurZy Carl, — He was born near Cologne, Ger-
many, March 2, 1829 ; educated at the University of
Bonn ; while yet a young man, he became identified
with the press, and edited a paper identified with the
Revolution of 1848 ; took part in the defense of Ras-
tadt, after which he fled to Switzerland ; subsequently
resided in Paris and London, where he was a teacher
and correspondent for three years ; and emigrated to
this country in 1852. He was a Delegate to the Chi-
cago Convention of 1860, taking a leadino- part in its
proceedings ; in 1861, he was selected by President
Lincoln as Minister to Spain, which position he soon
resigned ; he was then appointed a Brigadier-General
of Volunteers, and was present at the second battle
of Bull Run, and at the battle of Gettysburg ; after
the war, he was appointed a commissioner to visit the
Southern States and report upon the affairs of the
Freedmen's Bureau ; in 1865 and 1866, he was a Wash-
ington correspondent for the New York Tribune ; was
374
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS
subsequently connected with tlie press of Detroit and
St. Louis ; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention
of 1868 ; and elected a Senator in Congress from Mis-
souri for the term commencing in 1869 and ending in
1875, serving on the Committees on Pensions, Terri-
tories, and Military Affairs.
Schuyler, JPhilip. — He was a native of Albany,
New York. He was appointed Major-General in the
army of the Revolution in 1775, and dispatched to
the fortifications of the north of New York, to pre-
pare for the invasion of Canada. By the loss of his
heakli, the command soon devolved upon Mont-
gomery. On his recovery, he directed the operations
against Burgoyne, and in consequence of the evacua-
tion of Ticonderoga, he unreasonably fell under some
suspicion, and was superseded in command by Gen-
eral Gates. He afterwards rendered important ser-
vices, though not in command. He was a Delegate to
Congress previous to the present Constitution, and a
Senator of the United States, by appointment, from
1789 to 1791, and again in 1797, but resigned. He
died at Albany in 1804, aged seventy-three years.
Schuyler, JPhilip *T. — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1817 to 1819, and died
in New York City, February 21, 1835, aged sixty-seven
years.
Schtvarfs, John. — Born in Berks County, Penn-
sylvania, October 27, 1793 ; received a common-school
education ; served as Lieutenant in the last war with
Great Britain ; was engaged in mercantile pursuits
from 1806 to 1829, and from that year to 1857 was
wholly devoted to farming. He was elected a Repre-
sentative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, but died before the expiration of his first ses-
sion, in July, 1860.
Scofield, Gleuni W, — He was born in Chautau-
qua County, New York, March 11, 1817 ; graduated
at Hamilton College in 1840, and removed to Warren,
Pennsylvania, where he was admitted to the bar in
1843. In 1850 and 1851 he was a member of the State
Assembly, and from 1857 to 1859 he was in the State
Senate. In 1861 he was appointed President Judge of
the Eighteenth Judicial District of the State, and in
1862 he was elected a Representative from Pennsyl-
vania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Elections, and Expenditures in the
War Department. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Unfinished Business. Re-elected to the Fortieth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Elections, and
Indian Affairs. Re-elected to the three subsequent
Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Naval Affairs.
Scott, Abraham M, — He was Governor of Mis-
sissippi from 1831 to 1833.
Scott, Andrew, — He was an early emigrant to
Arkansas, and in 1819 he was appointed an Associate
Justice of the United States Court for that Terri-
tory.
Scott, Charles, — Born in Cumberland County,
Virginia, in 1733 ; was a non-commissioned ofl3cer at
Braddock's defeat in 1755 ; raised and commanded the
first company south of the James River for the Revo-
lutionary Army ; was appointed Colonel of the Third
Virginia Battalion in 1776 ; was distinguished at Tren-
ton ; was Brigadier-General in 1777 ; was at the bat-
tle of Stony Point in 1779 ; made prisoner at Charles-
ton, South Carolina, in 1780 ; was not exchanged till
near the close of the war. He was the last to leave
the field at Monmouth, and was particularly distin-
guished ; in 1785 he settled in Woodford County,
Kentucky ; and was with St. Clair, as Brigadier-Gen-
eral of Kentucky levies ; in 1791 commanded in an
Expedition to the Wabash, and against the Indians ;
and in 1794 commanded a portion of Wayne's Army
at the battle of Fallen Timbers. The Shiretown of
Powhattan County was named for him, also a County
in Kentucky. He was Governor of Kentucky from
1808 to 1812. Died October 22, 1820.
Scoft, Charles L, — He was born in Richmond,
Virginia, January 23, 1827 ; graduated at William
and Mary College : studied law, and formed a part-
nership with his father in the practice of his profes-
sion, at Richmond. In 1849, he embarked, as a mem-
ber of the Madison Mining and Trading Company, for
California. In 1851 he abandoned the mines, and re-
sumed the practice of law in Tuolumne County, Cali-
fornia. He was elected a Representative in the Thir-
ty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses from California,
serving as a member of the Committees on Indian
Affairs and on the Post-Oflace and Post-Roads.
Scott, Gustavus, — He was a Delegate from
Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1784 to
1785 ; was also one of the orignal Commissioners of
Public Buildings for the District of Columbia.
Scott, Ha^^vey X). — He was born in Ohio, and
having removed to Indiana, was elected a Representa-
tive to the Thirty-fourth Congress from that State.
Scott, tf antes* — He was an early emigrant to the
West, and in 1813 he was appointed an Associate Jus-
tice of the United States Court for the Territory of
Indiana.
Scott, John, — Was a member of the Virginia
Senate from 1811 to 1813 ; of the State Constitutional
Convention in 1829 ; Judge of the Sixth Circuit and
of the General Court in 1830 and 1831 ; in the new or-
ganization of the General Court, and the establish-
ment of the Special Court of Appeals in 1848, he was
one of the five members of these two Courts, and so
continued till his death. Died January 7, 1850, aged
sixty-eight years.
Scott, John, — He was born in Hanover County,
Virginia, in 1782 ; graduated at Princeton College in
1805 ; moved with his parents to Indiana in 1802 ;
settled at Genevieve, Missouri, in 1805 ; was a Dele-
gate to Congress from the Territory of Missouri from
1816 to 1821, and a Representative in Congress from
the same State from 1821 to 1827. Died at St. Gene-
vieve in 1861.
Scott, John, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, from
1829 to 1831.
Scott, John, — He was born in Alexandria, Hunt-
ingdon County, Pennsylvania, July 14, 1824, his father,
bearing the same name, having formerly served in
Congress ; he received a common- school education ;
studied law, and came to the bar in 1846 ; was a
Prosecuting Attorney from 1846 to 1849 ; was for ten
years Solicitor for the Pennsylvania Central Railroad
Company ; in 1862 he was elected to the State Legis-
lature ; presided over a State Convention held at Wil-
liamsport in 1867 ; and he was elected a Senator in
Congress from Pennsylvania for the term commencing
in 1869, and ending in 1875, serving on the Commit-
tees on Naval Affairs, Claims, and Pacific Railroad ;
and as Chairman of that on Claims.
Scott, John G, — Was born in Philadelphia, De-
cember 26, 1819 ; left that city when seventeen years
of age to seek his fortune in the West ; settled in Mis-
souri, and for many years resided at the Iron Moun-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
375
tain ; engaged in tlie business of iron-master, and in
developing the mineral resources of the State. In
1862 he was, at a special election, elected a Rep-
resentative from Missouri to the Thirty- eighth Con-
gress, in the place of J. W. Noell, deceased. He ran
for Congress at the regular election against Mr.
Noell, and was beaten by a small majority. His
Committee duties were rendered as a member of the
Committee on Revolutionary Pensions.
Scott, John Morin, — He was Secretary of State
of New York from 1778 to 1789 ; and a Delegate from
New York to the Continental Congress from 1780 to
1783.
Scott, JRohert Kingston, — Born in Annstrong
County, Pennsylvania, July 8, 1826 ; studied and
graduated as M. D. at the Starling Medical College,
Ohio ; settled to practice in Henry County, Ohio ;
was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Sixty-eighth
Ohio Volunteers in 1861 ; Colonel in 1862 ; and was at
the capture of Fort Donelson, battle of Shiloh, and
siege of Corinth ; commanded a brigade at Hatchie
River, Tennessee, under General Hurlbut ; com-
manded advance of Logan's Division on the march into
Mississippi ; was engaged at Port Gibson, Raymond,
Jackson, and Champion Hills ; commanded Second
Brigade, Third Division, Seventeenth Corps until
July, I860 ; was made prisoner near Atlanta ; ex-
changed, September 24, 1864 ; and was in Sherman's
operations before Atlanta, and in the " march to the
sea " ; was Assistant Commissary from 1865 to 1868 ;
Governor of South Carolina from 1868 to 1871.
Scott f Thomas, — Born in Maryland in 1772 ;
was a Methodist Episcopal Minister from 1789 to
1796 ; in 1798 studied law, and settled in Chillicothe,
Ohio ; was Secretary of the Convention that framed
the Constitution of that State in 1802 ; and of the
State Senate from 1803 to 1809 ; Judge of the Supe-
rior Court from 1809 to 1810 ; and Chief Justice from
1810 to 1815. Died in Chillicothe, February 15, 1856.
Scott, Thomas, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1789 to 1791, and
again from 1793 to 1795. He was one of those who
voted for locating the Seat of Government on the
Potomac.
Scott, Thomas A, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania ; and was the first Assistant Secretary of War
appointed during the Civil War, having been detailed
for the position in 1861.
Scott, Winfield, — Born near Petersburg, Vir-
ginia, June 13, 1786 ; attended the High School at
Richmond, and William and Mary College ; went
through a course of law studies, and was admitted to
the bar in 1806. His first military service was ren-
dered in 1807, when he joined a Militia company of
horse, to repel the anticiapted invasion of the British ;
in 1809, after having made an effort to settle in South
Carolina as a lawyer, he was commissioned a Captain,
and joined the army at New Orleans ; returned home
in 1810, but rejoined the Army of Louisiana in 1811 ;
in 1812 he was raised to the rank of Major and Lieu-
tenant-Colonel, and ordered to Buffalo ; in the affair
of Queenstown he was taken prisoner hj the British,
but exchanged early in 1813 ; before the close of that
year he had captured Fort George, and been commis-
sioned a Colonel ; in 1814 he was made Adjutant-Gen-
eral, and during the summer of that year, he won the
important battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane, in
the last of which he was wounded, and for these im-
portant services he was brevetted Major-General, re-
ceived with the thanks of the nation a gold medal
from Congress, and was tendered the appointment of
Secretary of War, which he declined. Early in 1832 he
took part in the campaign against Black Hawk ; but
before the close of that year he was ordered to
Charleston, where, as a peacemaker, he did much to
quell the excitement growing out of Nullification. In
1837 he was assigned to duty against the Seminoles in
Florida, and also against the Creek Indians ; — his
presence on the Canadian frontier in 1838 and 1839
did much to quiet the troubles of that exciting period ;
and in 1841, on the death of General Macomb, he be-
came Commander-in-chief of the Army. He took a
prominent part in the War with Mexico ; his first ser-
vice there was to invest Vera Cruz, which surrendered
to his arms ; he then defeated Santa Anna at Cerro
Gordo ; entered Jalapa ; occupied the Castle and town
of Perote, and the City of Puebla ; defeated the enemy
at Contreras and Cherubusco ; and carried by assault
the great fortification of Chapultepec, the key to the
City of Mexico. He entered the City of Mexico as
victor, and the object of the v/ar having been accom-
plished, peace was concluded in February, 1848 ; and
although an attempt was made by a rival General to ^
injure his fame, he returned to Washington, and re-
sumed his position at the head of the Army. His ser-
vice as Secretary of War ad interim was rendered in
1850, under President Fillmore. In 1852 he became
the Whig candidate for the oflfice of President, but was
defeated ; and in 1859 he was honored with the brevet
title of Lieutenant-General, the rank having been es-
tablished by Congress for his exclusive benefit, and so
framed that it should not survive him. On the break-
ing out of the Rebellion he again rendered important
services by securing to the Government the possession
of Washington City, and the safe inauguration of
President Lincoln. On the last day of October, 1861,
because of his declining health, he asked to be retired
from active service, and on the 1st of November the
President, attended by all his Cabinet, waited upon
him at his residence, and read to him the order which
placed him on the retired list, " without reduction in
his current pay, subsistence, or allowance," and on the
same day Major-General George B. McClellan was ap-
pointed his successor in command of the army. He
subsequently made a brief visit to Europe, and settled
at West Point. He published " Infantry Tactics ; "
"Regulations of the Army;" and an "Autobio-
graphy ; " and several biographies of him were issued
during his life, by E. D. Mansfield and others. Died
at West Point, May 29, 1866.
Scranton, George W, — Born in Madison, New
Haven County, Connecticut, May 23, 1811 ; received a
common-school education ; and when eighteen years
of age removed to New Jersey. He subsequently re-
moved to Pennsylvania, and engaged in the iron
and railroad business, having extensive interests at
Oxford, New Jersey, and at Scranton, Pennsylvania ;
he held the positions, severally, of President of the
Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company and of
the Cayuga and Susquehanna Railway ; and in 1858 he
was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Manufactures. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress. He died at Scranton, Pennsylvania, March 24,
1861.
Scriggs, TVUliam L, — He was born in Tennes-
see ; became a citizen of Georgia ; and in 1873 he was
appointed Minister Resident to Colombia. Was still
in office in 1875.
Scrngham, William TV, — He was bom at
White Plains, New York, in 1819 ; studied law, and
on coming to the bar settled at Yonkers ; was for sev-
eral years Supervisor of Westchester County ; in 1859
he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court, holding
the office until his death, which occurred at Yonkers,
August 9, 1867.
OiJ
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Scuddeff Hetiry J, — He was born in North-
port, Suffolk County, New York, in 1825 ; graduated
at Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, in 1846 ;
studied law in New York City ; admitted to the bar in
1848, and practiced in the State of New York. He
was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on
the Committee on War Claims.
Scudder, Isaac JV, — He was born in Elizabeth,
in 1818 ; studied law with his father ; removed to
Jersey City, and commenced practice there ; was
twice Prosecutor of the Court of Common Pleas for
Hudson County ; and was elected to the Forty-third
Congress, serving on one or more Committees.
ScuddeVf John A, — He was a native of New
Jersey ; a physician by profession ; served a number
of years in the Assembly of his native State ; and was
a Representative in Congress from New Jersey for the
unexpired term of James Cox, who died in 1810.
ScitfldeVf Nathaniel, — He graduated at Prince-
ton College in 1751 ; was a Delegate from New Jersey
to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1779, and
was one of the Signers of the Articles of Confedera-
tion. Died in 1781.
Scndder, Treadwell, — He was for six years a
member of the New York Assembly, and a Represent-
ative in Congress from New York from 1817 to 1819.
ScuddeVf Zeno» — He was born in Barnstable,
Massachusetts, August 18, 1807 ; and filled with
credit various public positions. He was President of
the Massachusetts Senate, and a Representative in
Congress from 1851 to 1854, when he was compelled,
by failing health, to resign his seat. He was a good
lawyer, enjoyed the confidence and respect of the
community in which he lived, and died at Barnstable,
Massachusetts, June 26, 1857.
Scurry f Hichar'dson, — Born in Tennessee, and
was elected a Representative in Congress from Texas
from 1851 to 1853.
Seahrook, Whitemarsh J5. — He was born in
South Carolina in 1795 ; graduated at the New Jersey
College in 1812 ; served in the State Senate, and was
President of the State Agricultural Society ; Governor
of South Carolina from 1848 to 1850 ; and died in St.
Luke's Parish, April 16, 1855.
Seal, Hoderick, — Born in Harrison County, Mis-
sissippi ; received a good education, and adopted the
profession of law ; held no public position except that
of a Representative in the Legislature ; and in 1875
he was elected a Representative from Mississippi to
the Forty- fourth Congress.
Seaman, Henry J, — He was born in New
York ; and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1845 to 1847.
Searing, John A, — Born in Queens County,
New York, May 14, 1814. His father died when he
was young, and he was educated at the common-
schools of New York by his grandparents. He was
bred a farmer, held several public positions previously
to his election as a member of the State Legislature in
1853, and was chosen a Representative to the Thirty-
fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolu-
tionary Pensions and Accounts.
Searle, James, — Born in New York City about
1730 ; was a merchant in the house of his brother, in
Madeira ; he . settled in Philadelphia about 1763 ;
signed the non -importation agreement of 1765 ; was
one of the managers of the United States Lottery from
1776 to 1778, when he was, for a short time, a mem-
ber of the Navy Board. He was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780, and was
Chairman of the Committees on Commerce, Foreign
Affairs, and of the Marine ; in 1780 he was sent to
Europe to negotiate a State loan for Pennsylvania,
but returned unsuccessful in 1782. Died at Philadel-
phia, August 7, 1797.
Seat on, William Winston, — He was born in
King William County, Virginia, January 11, 1785 ;
was chiefly educated by private tutors ; early acquired
a knowledge of printing ; edited a paper in Peters-
burg, Virginia, and also another in Halifax, North
Carolina ; soon became connected with the Register,
in Raleigh ; in 1812 he went to Washington City, and
joined his brother-in-law, Joseph Gales, in the man-
agement of the National Intelligencer, with which he
was most honorably identified until his death in
Washington, which occurred June 16, 1866. He held
a great many local offices in the Federal city ; was fre-
quently elected Mayor ; was a Regent of the Smith-
sonian Institution ; and, in conjunction with Mr. Gales,
was one of the public Printers for very many years,
and left a brilliant reputation for his merits as a man,
and his character as an editor and statesman. A few
years after his death a sketch of his life, with corres-
pondence, was published by one of his daughters.
Miss Josephine Seaton ; and, for a chapter of personal
recollections, the reader is referred to " Haphazard
Personalities," by the present writer.
Searer, Ehenezer, — Born in 1763 ; graduated at
Harvard University in 1784 ; was a member of the
State Legislature from 1794 to 1802 ; member of the
"State Constitutional Convention" of 1820; and a
Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from
1803 to 1813. He died in Roxbury, Massachusetts.
March 1, 1844.
Sebastian, William K, — Born in Vernon, Ten-
nessee, and educated at Columbia College, in that
State. He settled as a lawyer in Arkansas in 1835,
and was soon after appointed Prosecuting Attorney,
and held the office until 1837 ; he was Circuit Judge
from 1840 to 1842, and was appointed, in the latter
year. Supreme Judge. He was a State Senator, and
President of the body in 1846, and Presidential Elec-
tor in 1848. He was a United States Senator from
1848 to 1853, again from 1853 to 1859, and re-elected
for a term of six years, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Indian Affairs, and a member of the
Committee on Territories. Expelled, July 11, 1861.
Seddon, James A, — He was born in Virginia,
and was elected a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1845 to 1847, aud again from 1849, to
1851 ; was a member of the Rebel Government, as
member of Congress in 1861, having previously been
a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of t])at year.
In 1862 he became the Confederate Secretary of War.
Sedgwich, C, JS, — Born in Pompey, New York,
March, 1815 ; adopted the profession of law ; and
was elected a Representative from New York to tlie
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the
Committee on Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of
that Committee. In 1863 he was appointed by Presi-
dent Lincoln a Commissioner to look after certain
naval affairs.
Sedgwick, Theodore, — Was born at West
Hartford, Connecticut, in May, 1746. He was edu-
cated at Yale College, but did not graduate. On leav-
ing this Institution he commenced the study of theo-
logy, but soon relinquished it and studied law, and
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
377
was admitted to tlie bar before reacliing the age of
twenty-one. He commenced practice at Great Bar-
rington, Massachusetts, then settled at Sheffield, and
afterwards at Stockbridge, in the same county. He
was a zealous patriot in the Revolutionary War. He
was a member of the Provincial Congress in 1785 and
1786 ; and a Representative in Congress after the
adoption of the Constitution from 1789 to 1796. He
was a Senator of the United States from 1796 to 1798,
and served as President pro tern, during one session.
In 1799 he was again a member of the House, and
was chosen Speaker. From 1802 until his death he
was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts.
He died at Boston, January 24, 1813. He received
the degree of LL.D. from Princeton and Cambridge.
As a statesman and jurist he was highly valued by
his country. His life was in an uncommon degree
varied and active; his industry was unwearied, and
an ardent enthusiasm was the basis of his character.
Seeley, tfohn E, — He was born in Ovid, New
York, August 1, 1810 ; graduated at Yale College in
1835 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1840 ; was
elected County Judge and Surrogate in 1851 and
served four years ; was a Presidential Elector in 1860
and also in 1864, and elected to the Forty-second Con-
gress, serving on the Committee ou Freedmeu's
Affairs.
Seely, Elias JP. — He was Governor of New Jer-
sey for a part of the year 1833.
SeelyCf Julius H, — Born in Danbury, now
Bethel, Connecticut, September 4, 1824 ; graduated
at Amherst College in 1849 ; studied in Auburn Theo-
logical Seminary, and was ordained pastor of the
Dutch Reformed Church in Schenectady, New York,
in 1853, and remained there until appointed Professor
at Amherst in 1858. He is the author of " Christian
Memories," etc., and was elected in 1874 a Represent-
ative from Massachusetts to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
SegaVf Joseph E, — Born in King William
County, Virginia, June 1, 1804. In 1836 he was
elected to the House of Delegates of Virginia, and
served a niimber of years ; was again elected to the
same position in 1848, and continued to serve almost
uninterruptedly until the State rebelled against the
Union. After Eastern Virginia was restored to the
Federal authority he was elected a Representative
from Virginia to the Thirty- seventh Congress.
SeihelSf J, J, — He was a citizen of Alabama, and
in 1855 was appointed Charge d' Affaires to Belgium ;
commissioned Minister Resident in 1854 ; and re-
signed in 1857.
Selden, Dudley, — Formerly a prominent mem-
ber of the New York bar, and a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1833 to 1835. He died
in Paris, France, November 7, 1855.
SeldeUf Joseph, — He was an early emigrant to
Arkansas, and in 1820 he was appointed Judge of the
United States Court for the Territory of Arkansas.
SeUlen, William,, — He was born in Virginia,
and in 1839 he was appointed Treasurer of the United
States, holding the office until 1850 ; and from 1858
until 1861 he was Marshal of the United States, at-
tendant on the Supreme Court.
Sells, Elijah, — He was appointed Third Auditor
of the Treasury in 1864, remaining in office only from
July to October, when he was appointed Sixth Audi-
tor of the Treasury and remained in office until 1865.
Selye, Leuyis. — He was born in Chittenango,
Madison County, New York, July 11, 1808 ; received
a common-school education ; removed to Rochester in
1824 ; and became extensively engaged in the manu-
facturing business, and was long identified with the
growth and interests of that city. He waS for many
years a member of the city Corporation ; also held
the office of Supervisor of Monroe County and was
for seven years the Treasurer of the county ; and in
1866 he was elected a Representative from New York
to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees
on Manufactures and Revolutionary Pensions.
SemmeSf Henediet J, — Was born in Charles
County, Maryland, November 1, 1789. He was bred
to the profession of medicine, and graduated at the
Medical School in Baltimore about the year 1811.
He settled in Piscataway, Maryland, where he ac-
quired an extensive practice, but subsequently re-
linquished his profession. In the year 1821 he was
elected to the State Legislature ; was again elected in
1825, 1827 and 1828, and during one session was
chosen Speaker of the House of Delegates. In 1821
he introduced and carried through a bill for removing
religious tests, as applicable to office in Maryland.
In 1829 he was elected to Congress, and was re-elected
in 1831 ; but his health soon after failing, he found it
necessary to retire at a time when there was no oppo-
sition to him in his district. He again served in the
State Legislature in 1842 and 1843, since which time
he has lived in retirement on his estate in the County
of Prince George.
Semple^ James, — He was born in Kentucky in
1800, but emigrated to Illinois in 1827. He was
elected to the Illinois Legislature for six years, during
four of which he officiated as Speaker of the House
of Representatives. In 1833 he was elected Attorney-
General of the State ; appointed Charge d' Affaires to
New Granada in 1837 ; elected one of the Judges of
the Supreme Court of the State in 1842 ; and was a
Senator in Congress from Illinois from 1843 to 1847.
Died at Elsah Landing, Illinois, in January, 1867.
Sener, James JB. — He was born in Fredericks-
burg, Virginia, May 18, 1837 ; attended lectures at
the University of Virginia as a State student, and
graduated ; studied law at the Lexington Law School,
and admitted to the bar in 1860 ; was Sergeant of the
City of Fredericksburg in 1863 ; army correspondent
of the Southern Associated Press with General Lee's
army during the late war ; since 1865 editor of the
Fredericksburg Ledger ; was a Delegate to the Na-
tional Republican Convention at Philadelphia in
1872 ; and elected to the Forty-third Congress, serv-
ing as Chairman of the Committee on Department of
Justice and on that on Freedmen's Affairs.
Seney^ Joshua, — He was a Delegate to the Con-
tinental Congress in 1787 and 1788 ; a Representative
in Congress from Maryland from 1789 to 1792, and a
Presidential Elector in 1792.
SenteVf Dewitt C, — He was Governor of Ten-
nessee from 1869 to 1871.
Senter, William T, — Born in Granger County,
Tennessee, in 1802, and died there August 28, 1849.
He was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1843 to 1845.
Sergeant f John, — He was born in Philadelphia
in 1779 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1795 ; he
was for a short time a clerk in a store, but studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1799. His first
appointment was that of Prosecutor for the Common-
wealth, which he held several years. He was for
more than half a century known and honored for his
378
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
extraordinary ability in his profession of the law, for
his habitual courtesy, his liberal fairness, and his in-
tegrity. Elected to Congress, he served there from
1815 to 1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from 1837 to
1842. He was especially famous for his part in the
great Missouri Compromise of 1820. For the Panama
Congress, Mr. Sergeant was selected by President
Adams to represent the United States. The measures
of international law which were proposed to be set-
tled in that Congress were deemed so important, that
Mr. Clay, the Secretary of State, had filled eighty
pages of instructions to Mr. Sergeant on the subject.
In 1832 Mr. Sergeant was the Whig candidate for
Vice-President, being upon the same ticket with
Henry Clay. Forty-nine electoral votes were cast for
these candidates. At the outset of Harrison's admin-
istration, Mr. Sergeant was tendered the mission to
England, which he declined. In the cause of charity
he was never appealed to in vain ; and for many years
before his death, took an active interest in all the
public affairs of his native city. He died in Phila-
delphia, November 28, 1852.
Sergeanff Jonathan Dickinson, — Born in
Newark, New Jersey, in 1746 ; graduated at New
Jersey College in 1762 ; studied law and commenced
practice in his native State ; was a member of the
Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777 ; took his seat
a few days after the Declaration of Independence ;
and in July, 1777, became Attorney-General of Penn-
sylvania, which position he resigned in 1780, and de-
voted himself to his profession. Before the close of
the war he removed to Philadelphia, and from his
benevolent exertions as one of the Board of Health,
during the prevalence of the yellow fever, fell a vic-
tim to that disease, and died, October, 1793.
Sergeant, Thomas, — Born in Philadelphia, Jan-
iiary 14, 1782 ; graduated at New Jersey College in
1798 ; studied law, and was appointed Clerk of the
Mayor's court ; was a Representative in the State
Legislature from 1812 to 1814 ; Judge of the District
Court from 1814 to 1817 ; Secretary of the State from
1817 to 1819 ; Attorney-General in 1819 and 1820 ;
and Associate-Justice of the Superior Court from 1834
to 1846. He reported the decisions of the Superior
Court, in connection with William Rowle, from 1814
to 1828 ; published treatises on the "Land Law of
Pennsylvania" in 1838, on "Constitutional Law" in
1822, on "Attachment" in 1811, and a sketch of the
" National Judiciary Powers ; " and in early life was
a contributor to periodicals in prose and poetry. He
was, a long time. President of the Historical Society
of Pennsylvania ; was a member of the Philosophical
Society, and of the New England Historical and Ge-
nealogical Society ; died in Philadelphia, May 5, 1860.
Service, Francis G, — He was born in New
Jersey ; removed to Ohio, from which State he was ap-
pointed Associate Justice for the Territory of Mon-
tana, residing at Virginia City.
Session, Walter l,, — He was born in Brandon,
Vermont ; received an academic education ; studied
law and practiced the profession ; was Commissioner
of Schools for several years ; a member of Assembly
in 1853 and 1854 ; a member of the State Senate in
1859 and in 1865 ; and was elected to the Forty-second
and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the Commit-
tees on Private Land Claims and Mines and Mining.
Settle J Thofnas, — He was born in Rockingham
County, North Carolina. He was a Representative in
the Legislature of that State in 1815 and in 1826,
1827, and 1828, at which last session he was Speaker
of the House of Commons. He was a Representative
in Congress from 1817 to 1821. In 1832 he was chosen
Judge of the Superior Court of Law and Equity and
held the office for twenty years, when he resigned.
He was highly esteemed for his many virtues. He
died in Rockingham County, August 5, 1857, aged
sixty-five.
Settle, Thoinas, — He was a citizen of North
Carolina, and in 1871 he was appointed Minister Pleni-
potentiary to Peru, returning to the United States in
1872.
Severance, Luther, — He was born in Mont-
ague, Massachusetts, October 28, 1797 ; and, having
been bred a printer, was the founder and editor of the
Kennebec Journal from 1825 to 1849, and a Represent-
ative in Congiess from Maine from 1843 to 1847. He
was frequently a member of the Maine Legislature —
five years in the Assembly and two years in the
Senate — and, by President Taylor, was appointed
Commissioner to the Sandwich Islands. He died
January 25, 1855, at Augusta, Maine. He commenced
his career as a printer with the Ilational Intelligencer
in Washington.
Sevier, Ambrose H, — Born in Tennessee in
1802. He had few early advantages of education,
but he relied on his own energies, and removed to
the Territory of Arkansas, where, before the age of
twenty-one, he was admitted to the bar as an Attor-
ney. He was first elected Clerk of the Legislature,
and, as soon as he was eligible, was elected a member
of that body, first in 1823 and again in 1825. From
1827 to 1836 he was a Delegate to Congress from
Arkansas; and when the Territory became a State,
in 1836, he was elected a Senator in Congress. He
was Chairman for many years of the Committee on
Indian Affairs, and afterwards of the Committee on
Foreign Relations. He resigned his seat in the Sen-
ate in 1848 to accept the appointment from President
Polk of a special mission to Mexico, to negotiate a
peace. He possessed the unbounded confidence of
liis constituents and party. He died at Little Rock,
December 21, 1848.
Sevier, John, — A native of Tennessee, having
been born 1744 ; was an Officer in the Revoliitionary
War, and distinguished himself in the battle at
King's Mountain, in 1780. For his services on that
occasion the Legislature of North Carolina, in 1813,
voted him a sword. He commanded the forces which
defeated the Creek and Cherokee Indians in 1789.
He was afterwards a General in the Provisional Army;
and, from 1796 to 1801 and 1803 to 1809, Governor of
Tennessee ; he was a Representative in Congress from
North Carolina, in 1790 and 1791, and from Tennessee
from 1811 to 1815, and was then appointed by Presi-
dent Monroe one of the Commissioners to ascertain
the boundary line of the Creek Territory, and died
while engaged in that service, at Fort Decatur, Sep-
tember 24, 1815. He was one of those who voted for
locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac.
Sewall, Samuel, — Born in Boston, December 11,
1757. He graduated at Harvard College in 1776;
was a lawyer, by profession, and settled at Marble-
head ; in 1796 was elected a Representative in Con-
g:ress, serving till 1800, when he resigned, and was
distinguished in that body by his knowledge of com-
mercial law ; was a Presidential Elector in 1801. In
1800 he was placed upon the bench of the Supreme
Court of Massachusetts, and in 1813 was appointed
Chief Justice. He died at Wiscasset, June 8,1814,
where the gentlemen of the bar erected a monument
to his memory.
Seivard, George F, — He was born in New
York ; received a liberal education ; was sent in 1863
by his uncle, William H. Seward, as Consul General
to Shanghae in China, where he acquitted himself
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
379
with faithfulness, and in 1875 he was appointed Min-
ister Plenipotentiary to China in the place of Avery,
who died at his post of duty.
Setvard, Frederick A, — He was born in New
York, and was the son of William H. Seward ; re-
ceived a good education and studied law ; was for
several years an Assistant Secretary of the State De-
partment ; in 1866 was commissioned to negotiate for
the cession of Samana Bay ; and was subsequently
elected to the Legislature of New York.
Seward, James X. — He was born in Georgia,
and bred a lawyer. In 1836 he was elected to the
State Legislature, serving several years. He first
entered Congress in 1853, as a Eepresentative from
Georgia, and continued there to the close of the Thir-
ty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Com-
mittee on Naval Affairs. Resided at Thomasville,
and was an active man in public affairs.
Seward f William H, — He was born in Florida,
Orange County, New York, May 16, 1801 ; graduated
at Union College in 1820 ; studied law and was admit-
ted to the bar in 1822, and settled at Auburn in 1823.
In 1830 he was elected to the State Senate for four
years ; in 1834 as a Whig, he was the unsuccessful
candidate for Governor of the State ; in 1838 he was
re-nominated and elected for two years; was also
re-elected for two years, and in 1843 he resumed the
practice of his profession at Auburn, attending to
business chiefly in the Federal courts. In 1849 he
was chosen a Senator in Congress from New York,
for six years, and took his seat at the extra session
called to consider the nomination of President Tay-
lor. He was re-elected in 1855 and held the position
until he became Secretary of the State, under Presi-
dent Lincoln, in 1861. In 1860 he was spoken of as
a candidate for the Presidency, and during that year
made a pilgrimage to Egypt and the Holy Land. On
the night of the assassination of President Lincoln,
April 14, 1865, while confined to his bed by serious
illness, an attempt was made to take his life also.
The assassin named Payne, inflicted a severe wound
with a knife, from the effects of which, after much
suffering, he finally recovered, and resumed his
duties in the cabinet. In 1849 he published the
"Life and Public Services of John Quincy Adams ; "
and his own life and collected speeches were pub-
lished in four volumes between 1853 and 1862, edited
by George E. Baker. In 1871 he made the tour of
the world, and died at Auburn, October 10, 1872.
Sewellf David, — Born in York, Maine, October
7, 1735 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1755 ;
was a classmate and friend of John Adams ; in 1759
he established himself at York and practiced law sev-
eral years ; was appointed Justice of the Peace in
1762 ; Register of Probate in 1766 ; took an active
part in the Revolution in 1776 ; was a member of the
Legislature ; was chosen Councilor and appointed in
1777 a Justice of the Superior Court; from 1789 to
1818 was Judge of the United States District Court of
Maine. He received the Degree of LL.D., from
Bowdon College, in 1812. Died at York, October 22,
1825.
Setvellf James, — Was a Representative, from
Maryland, in the Third Session of the Twenty-seventh
Congress, for the unexpired term of James W. Wil-
liams, deceased.
Seyhertf Adam, — He was a citizen of Philadel-
phia, and a Representative in Congress, from Penn-
sylvania, from 1809 to 1815, and again from 1817 to
1819. He died at Paris, May 2, 1825, bequeathing
one thousand dollars for educating the deaf and
dumb, and five hundred dollars to the Orphan Asy-
lum in Philadelphia. He was a man of science, and
was particularly skillful as a chemist and mineralo-
gist. He published Statistical Annals of the United
States from 1789 to 1818.
Seymour f David L. — He was born in Connecti-
cut in 1802 ; removed to New York, and in 1886 was a
member of the State Legislature ; was a Master in
Chancery ; was a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1843 to 1845, and from 1851 to 1853.
He was also a Delegate to the " State Constitutional
Convention " of 1867. Died at Lanesborough, Massa-
chusetts, October 11, 1867.
Seymour^ Horatio, — Bom in Litchfield, Con-
necticut, May 31, 1778 ; graduated at Yale College in
1797 ; studied law at the Litchfield School, and settled
in Middlebury, Vermont. He was a Judge of Probate,
member of the Council, and a Senator in Congress
from Vermont from 1821 to 1833, serving as Chair-
man of the Committee on Agriculture. He died at
Middlebury, November 21, 1857. The Governor of
New York bearing the same name was his nephew.
Seymour y Horatio, — Born in Onondaga Coun-
ty, New York, in 1811 ; studied law, and practiced at
Utica ; soon gave his whole attention to the care of
his estates ; he was a member of the State Assembly
in 1841 ; Mayor of Utica in 1842 ; Speaker of the Leg-
islature in 1845 ; was Governor of New York from
1833 to 1835, and 1863 to 1865 ; was an advocate of
Concession towards the South in 1861, which he main-
tained in several public addresses ; was President of the
National Democratic Convention at Chicago in 1864 ;
candidate for Governor that year, and defeated ; Pres-
ident of the National Democratic Convention in 1868 ;
and nominated for the Presidency of the United
States, but received only eighty electoral votes, and
was defeated by General Grant. Received the degree
of LL.D. from Hamilton College in 1858.
Seymour, Origen S, — He was born in Litch-
field, Connecticut, in 1804 ; was bred a lawyer ; served
in the State Legislature, and as a Speaker in 1850 ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Connecti-
cut from 1851 to 1855. He was subsequently chosen
a Judge of the Superior Court of Connecticut, which
oflBce he held for eight years.
Seymour i Thomas H, — He was born in Hart-
ford, Connecticut, in 1808 ; was educated at the Mid-
dletown Military Academy ; studied law, and practiced
the profession in Hartford ; was for several years the
editor of a leading paper ; was a Judge of Probate ;
a Representative in Congress from Connecticut, from
1843 to 1845 ; in 1846 went to Mexico as a Major of the
New England Regiment, which he commanded after
the fall of Colonel Ransom ; was with General Scott
at the City of Mexico ; a Presidential Elector in
1852 ; was elected Governor of the State in 1850, and
re-elected three times ; and was appointed by Presi-
dent Pierce Minister to Russia. Died at Hartford,
Connecticut, September 3, 1868.
Seymour, William, — He was born in Connecti-
cut ; served as a member of the New York Assembly
in 1832 and 1834, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from 1835 to 1837.
Seys, John , — He was a citizen of Ohio, and in
1866 he was appointed Minister Resident and Consul
General to Liberia, where he remained until 1870,
when he returned to the United States.
Shadivick, William, — He was a member of
Congress from North Carolina during the years 1796
and 1797.
380
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Shaferf Jacob K, — He was born in Eockingliain
County, Virginia, December 26, 1823 ; educated at
Washington College, and in a law school at Staunton ;
in 1849 removed to Stockton, California ; in 1850 was
elected District Attorney ; in 1852 Mayor of Stockton ;
in 1853 was Judge of San Joaquin County, and contin-
ued in office until 1862, when he removed to Wash-
ington Territory, and was elected a Delegate to the
Forty-first Congress.
Shafter, Oscar C, — He was an early emigrant
from the East to California ; a man of culture, and a
lawyer by profession ; in 1863 he was chosen a Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court of California ; from 1870 to
1872 Chief Justice of the same, and died in Florence,
Italy, January 23, 1873.
ShaleVf William, — Was United States Consul-
General at Algiers, and negotiated a treaty with that
power in 1815 ; published "Sketches of Algiers," in
1826, which was very serviceable to the French in
their operations against that place. He also pub-
lished a paper on the language of the Berbers in
Africa, in the Phil. Trans, ; he was A.M. of New Jer-
sey College in 1828 ; was United States Consul at
Havana, and died there March 29, 1833, aged fifty-five
years.
ShanJvlandf William U, — Born in Montgom-
ery County, New York, in 1804 ; educated at an aca-
demy ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1827 ; held
the offices of Justice of the Peace, and District Attor-
ney, and in 1847 was elected one of the Justices of the
Supreme Court, holding the position many years.
After leaving the bench he settled in Syracuse and re-
sumed the practice of his profession.
ShanJclin^ George S. — He was a Presidential
Elector in 1864, and elected a Representative from
Kentucky to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the
Committees on the Death of President Lincoln, the
District of Columbia, and the Memphis Riot. De-
clined to give the author any information.
Shanks, John P, C, — Born in Martinsburg,
Virginia, June 17, 1826 ; was for the most part self-
educated ; removed to Indiana where he studied law,
and commenced practice in 1850 ; was elected to the
Indiana Legislature in 1853 and 1854 ; and in 1860 he
was elected a Representative from Indiana to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees
on Private Land Claims, and on Agriculture. He
visited the field of Bull Run in July, 1861, as a spec-
tator, but became a participant ; during the subse-
quent recess of Congress, he served in Missouri as a
member of General Fremont's Staff, performing some
other military service until he resumed his seat in
Congress, in December, 1861. He was a Delegate to
the Pittsburg "Soldiers' Convention" of 1866; and
re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chair-
man of the Committtee on Union Prisoners, and on
those on the Militia and Indian Affairs. Also elected
to the Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Con-
gresses ; and was appointed an Indian Agent, in
March, 1875, with a compensation of ten dollars per
day.
Shannon f George, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania in 1787 ; as a boy he joined the expedition of
Lewis and Clark to the Rocky Mountains ; read law
in Philadelphia and removed to Kentucky, and thence
to Missouri, about the year 1828 ; was a Judge of the
Circuit Court in the former State, and United States
District Attorney in the latter State, and died at Pal-
myra, August 30, 1836.
Shannon, Peter C, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was appointed from that State, United
States Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for the Ter-
ritory of Dakota.
Shannon, Thomas, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Ohio from 1826 to 1827.
Shannon, Thomas B, — Born in Westmoreland
County, Pennsylvania, in 1827 ; emigrated to Illinois
in 1844 ; in 1849 to California ; from 1854 to 1861 was
engaged in merchandising ; served four sessions in
the California Legislature ; and in 1863 he was elected
a Representative from California to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs.
He was a member of the National Committee ap-
pointed to accompany the remains of President Lin-
coln to Illinois. Subsequently appointed Collector of
Customs at San Francisco.
Shannon^ Wilson, — He was born in Belmont
County, Ohio, February 24, 1802 ; educated at Athens
College in Ohio, and Transylvania University in Ken-
tucky ; adopted the profession of law, and in 1835
was Prosecuting Attorney for the State of Ohio ; was
elected Governor of Ohio in 1837, and again in 1843 ;
by President Tyler, was appointed Minister to Mexico
in 1844 ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Ohio from 1853 to 1855. In 1855 he was appointed by
President Pierce Governor of the Territory of Kan-
sas.
Sharkey, William L, — He was formerly Pre-
siding Judge of the High Court of Errors in Mississip-
pi ; tlie Provisional Governor of Mississippi in 1865
and 1866, and died in Washington, April 29, 1873, in
the eighty-third year of his age.
Sharon, William, — Born in Smithfield, Ohio,
January 9, 1821 ; received a good education, and pre-
pared himself for the legal profession, i)ut relin-
quished it to enter the banking business ; on removing
to Nevada he became largely interested in mining
operations ; and the only public position of a political
character he ever accepted, was that of a Senator in
Congress from Nevada, to which he was elected for
the term beginning in 1875 and ending in 1881. Of
late years he has been largely interested in the finan-
cial affairs of the Pacific Slope, and as Trustee of the
Bank of California, and during the troubles of that
institution, arising out of the death of the late Presi-
dent, he did more than any other man to bring its
affairs to a satisfactory settlement.
Sharp, Soloinon P, — He was born in Virginia,
but removed to Kentucky when a child ; received a
limited education, but studied law, and was admitted
to the bar when nineteen years of age, and was suc-
cessful ; he served a number of years in the State
Legislature ; was Attorney-General of the State ; and
a Representative in Congress from Kentucky from
1813 to 1817. He fell by the hand of an assassin,
while a. member of the Legislature, in November,
1835, aged fifty-five years ; and a legislative reward
of three thousand dollars for the arrest of the mur-
derer was offered.
Sharpe, Peter, — He was a member of the As-
sembly of New York from 1814 to 1820, officiating a
number of sessions as Speaker ; he was also a mem-
ber of the "State Constitutional Convention" of
1821 ; a Representative in Congress, from 1813 to
1823 ; and a member of the " Tariff" Convention " held
in 1827.
Sharpe, William, — Born in Cecil County, Mary-
land, December 13, 1742 ; removed to Macklenburg,
North Carolina, at the age of twenty-one; was a law-
yer, and a patriot of the Revolution ; was a delegate
to the Provincial Congress in 1775 and 1776 ; and of
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
381
the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1782 ; was aid-
de-camp to General Rutherford in the Indian cam-
paign of 1776 ; and was one of the Commissioners
who made a treaty with them in 1777. Died in Ire-
dell County, Nortii Carolina, July, 1818.
Sharswoodf George, — Born in Philadelphia,
July 7, 1810 ; graduated at the University of Pennsyl-
vania in 1828 ; studied law and came to the Philadel-
phia bar in 1831 ; appointed Judge of the District
Court in 1845 ; was President Judge from 1851 to
1867 ; in the latter year was transferred to the Su-
preme Court of the State ; was Professor of Law in
the University of Pennsylvania ; and was the author
of " Lectures on Commercial Law " on ihe " Study of
Law," on " Professional Ethics," and edited a num-
ber of important legal volumes. Was made a Doctor
of Laws by Columbia College in 1856.
Shaver, Leonidas. — He was an early emigrant
to Utah, and in 1853 he was appointed an Associate
Justice of the United States Court for the Territory
of Utah.
• Shaw, Aaron, — Born in Orange County, New
York, in 1811 ; a lawyer by profession ; was State's
Attorney for eight years in the Fourth Judicial Cir-
cuit of Illinois ; and was a member of the State
House of Representatives in 1849 and 1850. He was
elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
from Illinois, serving as a member of the Committee
on the Militia.
Shaw, Henry, — He was born in Windham
County, Vermont ; studied law with Judge Foot, in
Albany, New York, and settled in practice in Lanes-
borough, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, at the
age of twenty-two ; he was nominated for Congress
before he was eligible, and was subsequently elected,
in 1816, to the Sixteenth Congress, and voted for the
Missouri Compromise, which prevented his re-elec-
tion. He was an intimate friend of Henry Clay, and
a personal friend and acquaintance of ten of the Pres-
idents of the United States. He was a member of
the Massachusetts Legislature for eighteen years,
also a member of the Governor's Council, and was
the pioneer in the manufacturing prosperity of west-
ern Massachusetts. In 1833 he was also a Presiden-
tial Elector. In 1848 he removed to New York, and
resided at Fort Washington, on the Hudson ; was a
member of the Board of Education in New York City,
and two years in the Common Council, and in 1853
was a member of the Assembly. He removed to
Newburg in 1854, where he resided until within a
few months of his death, which occurred at Peeks-
kill, October 17, 1857, aged sixty-nine years.
Shaw, Henry M, — He was born at Newport,
Rhode Island, November 20, 1819 ; studied medicine,
and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania ; re-
moved to North Carolina, and was a State Senator in
1852, and a Representative, from that State, in the
Thirty-third and Thirty -fifth Congresses, and was a
member of the Committees on Manufactures and
Revolutionary Pensions. During the Rebellion, he
served as a Colonel in the Confederate Army, and
was killed near Newbern, in February, 1864.
Shaw, Saimiel, — He was born in Dighton, Mas-
sachusetts, in December, 1768, and removed to Put-
ney, Vermont, at the end of ten years ; he received a
limited education ; commenced the study of medicine
at the age of seventeen, and in two years entered
upon the practice of his profession at Castleton, Ver-
mont, and became eminent as a surgeon. He entered
early into politics, and was one of the victims of the
Sedition law ; for his denunciation of the administra-
tion of John Adams he was imprisoned, and liberated
by the people without the forms of law ; and in 1799
was returned as a member of the State Legislature.
He was for some time a member of the State Council,
and was a Representative in Congress from Vermont
from 1808 to 1813, having succeeded J. Wetherell,
resigned. He was a personal friend of JefEerson and
Madison, and gave his earnest support to the meas-
ures for the prosecution of the war. On his retire-
ment from Congress he was appointed Surgeon in the
army, and removed to the City of New York ; he was
subsequently stationed at Greenbush, St. Louis, and
and at Norfolk, and held this office until 1816. As an
instance of his physical endurance, it may be men-
tioned that he, on one occasion, rode on horseback
from St. Louis, Missouri, to Albany, New York, in
twenty-nine consecutive days. He died at Clarendon,
Vermont, October 22, 1827.
Shaw, Tristam, — Born in New Hampshire in
1787 ; was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1839 to 1843 ; and died at Exeter, New
Hampshire, March 14, 1843.
Sheaf e, James, — He was born in 1755 ; was a
Representative in Congress from New Hampshire
from 1799 to 1801 ; a Senator in Congress in 1801 and
1802, resigning June, 1802 ; and died at Portsmouth,
New Hampshire, in 1829.
Sheakley, tfames, — Born near the village of
Sheakleyville, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, April
24, 1830 ; was brought up on a farm and educated at
a common school ; in 1850 he went to California,
where he spent three years ; returned to Pennsyl-
vania in 1854 and engaged in mercantile pursuits ;
was for many years extensively engaged in the pe-
troleum trade ; was for fifteen years a member of the
School Board in Greenville, Mercer County, and in
1874 he was elected a Representative from Pennsyl-
vania to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Shearman, Sylvester G, — He was bom in
North Kingston, Rhode Island, 1802 ; studied law
and settled for practice in Wickford ; in 1843 he was
elected to the Legislature ; in 1848 was chosen Speak-
er of the House ; and in 1855 he was elected a Justice
of the Supreme Court of the State, in which position
he served until his death, which occurred at Provi-
dence, January 3, 1868.
SheafSf Charles CJirisfopher, — He was born
in Walker County, Alabama, April 10, 1839 ; received
a good education ; was elected to the Secession Con-
vention in 1860, and was one of the seventeen who
refused to sign the ordinance of separation ; was
elected to the State Legislature in 1861, and expelled
for his adherence to Unionism in 1862 ; was indicted
for treason to the Confederate Government and im-
prisoned in 1862, but could not obtain a trial, and
was kept in close confinement until the close of the
war ; was elected a member of the Constitutional
Convention in 1865 ; admitted to the bar in 1867 ; was
a Presidential Elector in 1868 ; was appointed Consul
at Elsinore, Denmark, in 1869 ; and elected to the
Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on
Mines and Mining, and Department of Justice. In
March, 1875, he was appointed Sixth Auditor of the
Treasury, but in a few months was invited to re-
sign.
Sheffer, Daniel, — He was bom in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative to Congress from that State
from 1837 to 1839.
Sheffey, Daniel, — He was born at Frederick,
Maryland, in 1770 ; had a limited education ; was
bred to the trade of a shoemaker, and settled in Au-
gusta, Virginia ; he afterwards studied law, engaged
382
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
in a lucrative practice, and frequently represented
liis county in the House of Delegates. He was a
Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1809
to 1817, and took a liigli rank. His speech in favor
of the renewal of the first Bank of the United States
was a masterly production. He was opposed to the
war of 1812. He died at his house, December 3,
1830.
Sheffield f William JP, — He was born at New
Shoreham (Block Island), Newport County, Rhode Is-
land, August 30, 1820, His education was obtained
first at Kingston Academy, and then from a private
tutor ; studied law at Hartford University, and was
admitted to the bar in 1844. In 1841 and 1842 he was
elected to Conventions called to frame a State Consti-
tution ; in 1845 he was elected from his native town
to the State Assembly ; removing his residence to
Tiverton, he Avas again elected to the Assembly in
1849, where he continued to serve until 1853, when
he resigned his seat, and settled in Newport. That
city he represented in the Assembly from 1857 to
1801, when he was elected a Representative from
Rhode Island to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving
as a member of the Committees on Commerce, and on
Foreign Aifairs. In 1869 he was appointed one of the
Commissioners to revise the laws of Rhode Island.
Shelaharger, Sa^miel. — Bom in Clarke Coun-
ty, Ohio, December 10, 1817 ; graduated at the Miami
University, Ohio, in 1841 ; adopted the profession of
law ; was a member of the Ohio Legislature in 1852
and 1853 ; and was elected a Representative from
Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the
Committee on Expenses in the Interior Department.
In 1864 he was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Elections and
Expenditures in the State Department, and the Spe-
cial Committees on the Civil Service and the New
Orleans Riots, and as Chairman of the Committee on
the Provost Marshal Bureau. He was a Delegate to
the "Philadelphia Loyalists' Convention" of 1866,
and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving
on the Committee on the Assassination of President
Lincoln. Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-sec-
ond Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee
on Commerce.
SJielbf/f Isaac, — Born near Hagerstown, Mary-
land, December 11, 1750 ; received an ordinary Eng-
lish education, and became a surveyor in western Vir-
ginia ; in 1774 he was Lieutenant in his father's Com-
pany at the battle of Point Pleasant, Virginia ;
Captain in 1776 ; Commissary in 1777 ; member of the
Legislature in 1779 ; and commissioned a Major by
Governor Jefferson ; in 1780 was made Colonel ; and
defeated Major Ferguson at the battle of Kings
Mountain ; was at the action of Musgrove's Mills ;
served under Marion in 1781 ; and then joined
Greene ; was a member of the Legislature of North
Carolina in 1781 and 1782 ; and received a vote of
thanks, and a sword from that body ; in 1788 he set-
tled at " Traveler's Rest," Kentucky, and was Gov-
ernor of that State from 1792 to 1796, after its separa-
tion from Virginia. In 1813 he joined General
Harrison, and was at the victory of the Thames, for
which service he was granted a gold medal by Con-
gress. He was appointed Secretary of War by Mon-
roe, but declined on account of his age. In 1818 he
was a Commissioner with General Jackson to treat
with the Cherokee Indians. A county in Kentucky,
and a College in Shelby ville were named for him. He
died in Lincoln County, Kentucky, July 18, 1826.
Sheldon^ Lionel A, — Born in Worcester, Otse-
go County, New York, August 30, 1829 ; went with
his parents to Ohio in 1833 ; worked on a farm and
acquired a common-school education ; taught school
for several years ; studied law and came to the; bar in
1851, after which he attended the Law School at
Poughkeepsie ; served one term as Judge of Probate
in Lorain County, Ohio ; was a Delegate to the " Phil-
adelphia Convention " of 1856 ; in 1861 he entered
the volunteer army as a Captain, and was soon pro-
moted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and in that
capacity served in eastern Kentucky, the Cumberland
Gap expedition, and the Vicksburg expedition, hav-
ing been in the battles of Chickasaw Bluffs and Port
Gibson, in the last of which he was wounded ; he also
saw much service in Louisiana, Arkansas and Missis-
sippi, and at the close of the war he was brevetted a
Brigadier-General. He subsequently settled in New
Orleans, and devoted himself to his profession ; and
in 1868 he was elected a Representative from Louisi-
ana to the Forty-first Congress. Re-elected to the
two subsequent Congresses, serving on many Commit-
tees, as Chairman of that on the Militia.
Sheldon, JPoj'ter, — He was born in Victor,
Ontario County, New York, September 29, 1831 ; stud-
ied law and came to the bar in 1854 ; practiced his
profession at Randolph, New York, until 1857, when
he removed to Rockford, Illinois, where he continued
the practice of his profession until 1865, when he re-
turned to Chautauqua, in his native State ; in 1862 he
was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Illi-
nois ; and in 1868 he was elected a Representative
from New York to the Forty-first Congress, serving
on the Committees on Foreign Affairs and Retrench-
ment.
Shepardf Charles JB. — Born in Newbern,
North Carolina, December 5, 1807 ; graduated at
Chapel Hill in 1827 ; was elected to Congress in 1837,
where he continued to serve until 1841 ; and died in
October, 1843.
Shepard, William JS, — Born in Newbern,
North Carolina, in 1799 ; educated at Chapel Hill ;
studied law, and became eminent in his profession ;
was a Representative in Congress from 1827 to 1837,
when he declined a re-election ; in 1838 he was elected
to the State Senate, and served five terms. He died
at Elizabeth City, June 20, 1852.
Shepherdf Aleocander H. — He was born in
Washington City, January 31, 1835 ; at the age often
he was apprenticed to a carpenter, and when seven-
teen, to the trade of a plumber ; became a partner in
the house of J. W. Thompson & Co. and finally suc-
ceeded to the business in his own name. When the
Rebellion commenced, he was one of the first to vol-
unteer his services ; in 1861 he entered the Common
Council of Washington and became President ; in
1867 appointed a member of the I^evy Court ; in 1869
was one of a hundred appointed to draft a bill for the
union of the District of Columbia ; in 1870 he became
President of the Citizen's Reform Association, and
also elected an Alderman ; in 1871 he was appointed
a member of the Board of Public Works, and was
Vice President ; and while he was in that office,
Washington was transformed, in its appearance, from
an old into a new city ; and in 1873 he was appointed
the second Governor of the District of Columbia. He
remained in office until the form of Government was
again changed. It is claimed for him that he erected
more than one thousand houses in Washington, at a
cost of five millions of dollars.
Shepherd, William, — Born in Massachusetts,
December 1, 1737 ; he served six years as a Captain in
the Revolutionary army, and distinguished himself at
William Henry and Crown Point ; in 1783 he was
chosen a Brigadier-General, having fought in twenty-
two battles ; he was subsequently a Major-General of
Militia ; and a Representative in Congress from 1797
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
383
to 1803. Died at Westfield, Massachusetts, Novem-
ber 11, 1817.
Shepleijf Ether, — A Senator in Congress from
Maine from 1838 to 1836. He was born in Groton,
Massachusetts, November 2, 1789 ; graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1811 ; studied law, and commenced
the practice in Saco, but subsequently settled in Port-
land. He was in the Massachusetts Legislature in
1819 ; a member of the Convention that formed the
first Constitution of Maine in 1820 ; and was for thir-
teen years Attorney of the United States for Maine.
After leaving the Senate of the United States, he was
chosen a Justice of the Supreme Court of Maine, and
subsequently Chief Justice of the same, which latter
position he held until 1855. While on the bench he
furnished the materials for twenty-six volumes of
Reports, and as sole Commissioner was appointed to
revise the statutes of Maine. He was Trustee of
Bowdoin College, from which institution he received
the degree of LL.D.
Shepley, George Foster, — Born in Saco,
Maine, January 1, 1819; graduated at Dartmouth Col-
lege in 1837 ; studied law at Harvard Law School,
and at Portland ; began to practice at Bangor in 1840 ;
removed to Portland, and was appointed United States
District Attorney by President Polk, which position
he held until 1861. When the Civil War broke out
he became Colonel of the Twelfth Maine Volunteers ;
and acted as commander of a brigade in General But-
ler's expedition ; was made Commandant of the City
of New Orleans on its surrender ; was made Briga-
dier-General ; and was Military Governor of Louisi-
ana from June 1862 to 1864 ; and Military Governor
of Richmond on its surrender in 1865. Resigned July
1, 1865, and resumed the practice of law in Port-
land ; in 1871 was United States Circuit Judge of the
First Circuit.
Sheplor, Matthias. — Born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from
1837 to 1839.
Shepperd, Augustus U, — He was bom in Sur-
ry County, North Carolina ; educated a lawyer ;
served in the House of Commons from 1822 to 1856 ;
and was a Representative in Congress from 1829 to
1839 ; again from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1847
to 1851.
Sherburne, tTohn S, — He was born in New
Hampshire ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1776;
attended the law school at Harvard ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1793
to 1797 ; was United States District Attorney in 1803,
and Judge of the United States District Court from
1803 to 1830. He died in 1830, aged seventy-three
years.
Sherburne f Mioses, — He was an early emigrant
to Minnesota, and in 1853 he was appointed an Asso-
ciate Justice of the United States Court for Minne-
3ota.
Sheredine, JJpton, — ^He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Maryland from 1791 to
1792.
Sherman^ Charles R, — Born in Norwalk, Con-
necticut, September 26, 1788 ; settled in Fairfield
County, Ohio, to practice law, in 1810 ; became emi-
nent in the profession ; held the office of Revenue
Collector for Fairfield County, but became poor
through the frauds of his deputies. He was Judge of
the Supreme Court of Ohio from 1825 to his death
which occurred at Lebanon, Ohio, June 24, 1829. He
was the father of General Wm. T., Senator John, and
Judge Charles T. Sherman.
Sherman f Charles T.— Born in Ohio, and son
of Charles R. ; was United States District Judge for
the Northern District of Ohio in 1875 ; and is the
brother of John Sherman the Senator, and of William
T. Sherman the General.
Sher^nan, Henry,— Re was born in Albany,
New York, March 6, 1808 ; graduated at Yale College
in 1829 ; studied theology at Princeton, and law at the
Yale College law school ; settled in New York City,
and while practicing his profession published a " Di-
gest on Marine Insurance ; " in 1843 he published a
school edition of the " Governmental History of the
United States ; " in 1850 he removed to Hartford Con-
necticut ; in 1858 he published a work en " Slavery ;"
in 1860 an enlarged edition of his History ; in 1861 he
removed to Washington City ; became a warm person-
al friend of President Lincoln, who on the morning
preceding his assassination offered Mr. Sherman the
Chief Justiceship of New Mexico. When President
Johnson came into office he caused the commission to
be issued, but after holding it for a time he finally
declined the office, but his name went upon the re-
cords as a Judge. As a writer for the press he has
attracted much attention.
Sherman, John, — He was born in Lancaster,
Ohio, May 10, 1823 ; received a liberal education ;
adopted the profession of law, and came to the bar in
1844. In 1848 and 1852 he was a Delegate to the
Whig Conventions of those years ; in 1854 he was
elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-
fourth Congress ; re-elected to the Thirty-fifth ; and,
on being returned for the Thirty-sixth Congress, he
was the Republican candidate for Speaker, and after
an unprecedented contest, wanted only one or two
votes to secure his election. During that Congress
he was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and
Means. In 1860 he was elected to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, but in 1861, on the resignation of Senator
Chase, he was chosen a Senator in Congress, serving
as Chairman of the Committees on Agriculture and
on Finance, and as a member of those on the Pacific
Railroad and the Judiciary. In January, 1866, he
was re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing
in 1867, and ending in 1873 ; serving again at the head
of the Finance Committee, and on those on the Pa-
tent Office and the Pacific Railroad. The distin-
guished General bearing his name is his brother. Re-
elected for the term ending in 1879.
Sherman, J, TV, — He was born in New York,
and was elected a Representative from that State to
the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the
Committee on Unfinished Business.
Sherman, Roger, — Born at Newton, Massa-
chusetts, April 19, 1721. He had no advantages for
education, yet he was eager in the pursuit of knowl-
edge, and when apprenticed to a shoemaker, he
often had a book open before him while at his work.
In 1743 he removed to New Milford, Connecticut,
carrying his tools upon his back ; he soon relinquish-
ed his trade, however, and was for a time engaged in
mercantile pursuits. He afterwards studied law and
settled in New Haven, and was admitted to the bar
in 1754. He was Judge of the County, Superior, and
Supreme Courts for a period of twenty-three years ;
and a member of the First Congress in 1774, and con-
tinued a member for many years. He signed the
Declaration of Independence in 1776, and also the
Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. After
the adoption of the Constitution of the United
States, in regard to which he took a prominent part,
he was elected a Representative in Congress from
384
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
Connecticut, and chosen a Senator in 1791, continuing
in that station until his death, July 23, 1793. He was
a profound and sagacious statesman, an able and up-
right judge, and an exemplary Christian. He was
made Master of Arts by Yale College, and was Treas-
urer of that institution from 1766 to 1776.
SJiennaUf Robert Minot, — Born at Woburn,
Massachusetts, May 22, 1773 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1792 ; was tutor in that institution in
1795 ; admitted to the bar in 1796, and opened an
office in Fairfield, where he passed the rest of his life
and gained a lucrative practice. He was a member
of the General Assembly in 1798 ; of the State Senate
from 1814 to 1818 ; a Delegate to the Hartford Con-
vention in 1814 ; Judge of the Superior Court and the
Supreme Court of Errors from 1840 to 1842 ; and died
in Fairfield, December 30, 1844. Received the degree
of LL.D. from Yale College in 1829.
Sherman, Socrates N» — He was bom in Ver-
mont and elected a Representative from New York to
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on Expenditures in the Interior Department.
Sherman^ Wllliain Teciunseh. — Born in
Mansfield, Ohio, February 8, 1820 ; graduated at
West Point in 1840 ; entered the Artillery and served
in Florida ; became First Lieutenant in 1841 ; Cap-
tain in 1850 ; and resigned in 1853. He subsequently
removed to California and was a broker in San Fran-
cisco ; afterwards practiced law in Kansas ; and in
1860 became Superintendent of a Military Academy
founded by the State of Louisiana. In 1861 he was
appointed a Colonel of Infantry in the United States
army and commanded a Brigade at Bull Run ; was
made Brigadier-General of Volunteers, and had com-
mand •*of the Kentucky Department. Having ex-
pressed the opinion that it would take two hundred
thousand men to clear that region of rebels he was
considered insane and relieved of his command. In
1862 he joined the army of Tennessee, and rendered
very important aid at Shiloh ; where he was wounded
and had three horses shot under him ; was made a
Major-General and took a leading part at Corinth, at
Memphis, and in the Vicksburg campaign, at Chatta-
nooga, Knoxville, and indeed in all the important
operations of that entire region ; and in 1864 he made
one of the most famous military marches of modern
times, going from Atlanta to the Savannah, with
sixty thousand men ; and which great enterprise soon
brought the war to a conclusion. He was made
Brigadier-General in the United States army in 1863 ;
Major-General in 1864 ; Lieutenant-General in 1866 ;
and General-in-Chief of the army in 1869. In 1875
he published a '' Memoir of his Life and Campaign,"
in two volumes, which attracted very great attention
from the public press. His head-quarters are at St.
Louis.
Sherrill, EliaTihn, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1847 to 1849, and was a member of the
Committee on Manufactures. He served as an officer
in the Rebellion, and was killed at the battle of Get-
tysburg.
Sherrod, William C. — He was born in Court-
land, Alabama, August 17, 1835 ; educated at Chapel
Hill College, North Carolina ; was a cotton planter ;
was a member of the " National Democratic Conven-
tion " at Charleston in 1860 ; served in the State Leg-
islature of Alabama in 1859 and 1860 ; was an officer
In the Confederate Army during the war ; and was
elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving on several
Committees.
Sherivood, Henry, — ^He was born in Bridge-
port, Connecticut, October 9, 1817 ; devoted himself
to the practice of law during twenty-four years : and
was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on
the Committee on the Revision of laws.
Sherwood, Isaac R, — He was born in Dutchess
County, New York, August 13, 1835 ; educated at
Antioch College, Ohio, and at the Cleveland Law
Institute ; located in 1857 at Bryan, where he estab-
lished the Williams County Gazette ; in 1859 elected
Probate Judge of Williams County, which he resigned
to enter the army in 1861. After serving in the ranks,
for four months in West Virginia, he was appointed
Adjutant in 1862 ; Major in 1863 ; participated in the
East Tennessee campaign ; was promoted to be
Lieutenant-Colonel in 1864, and commanded his regi-
ment to the close of the war ; receiving a brevet of
Brigadier-General for gallant and meritorious services;
he edited the Toledo Commercial, and was an editorial
writer on the Cleveland Leader ; elected Secretary of
State for Ohio in 1868, and re-elected in 1870 ; and he
was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on
the Committee on Railways and Canals.
Sherwood, Samuel, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1813 to 1815 ; was
a successful lawyer in Delhi from 1800 to 1833. He
died in New York in November, 1862.
Sherivood, Samuel J5. — He was born in Con-
necticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1786 ; was a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1817
to 1819, and died in 1833.
Shiel, Geoi^ge K, — He was born in Ireland, and
was elected a Representative from Oregon to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee
on the Pacific Railroad.
Shields, Benjamin G, — He was a citizen of
Alabama, and in 1845 was appointed Charge d' Affaires
to Venezuela, where he remained until 1850.
Shields, Ebenezer J, — Born in Georgia, and
was elected a Representative in Congress from Ten-
nessee from 1835 to 1839. Died May 20, 1846.
Shields, James, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Ohio from 1829 to 1831. Died in But-
ler County, Ohio, in 1831.
Shields, James, — Was born in County Tyrone,
Ireland, in 1810, and emigrated to America about
1826. He pursued his mathematical and classical
studies until the year 1832, when he went to Illinois,
and commenced the practice of law at Kaskaskia. In
1836 he was elected a member of the Illinois Legisla-
ture, and Auditor of the State in 1839. In 1843 he
was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court ; and in
1845 Commissioner of the General Land Office. At
the commencement of the Mexican War he was ap-
pointed by President Polk a Brigadier-General in the
United States army, and, for his distinguished
services during the course of the war, was promoted
to the rank of Brevet Major-General. In 1848 he was
appointed Governor of Oregon Territory, which he
resigned. In 1849 he was elected to a seat in the
United States Senate, for a term of six years, from
the State of Illinois. He subsequently took up his
residence in the Territory of Minnesota, and in 1857
was elected to represent the same in the Senate of the
United States, when it became a State, in which
position he served two years. During the troubles
of 1861 he served as a General in the Union army,
resigned his commission in 1863 ; removed to Wiscon-
sin, and in 1868 was President of the " State Demo-
cratic Convention," and subsequently settled in Mis-
souri.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
385
Shields, William Hayard, — He was an early
emigrant to Mississippi, and in 1818 lie was appointed
District Judge of the United States Court for tlie
State of Mississippi.
Shinn, William K, — He was born in New
Jersey ; a farmer by occupation ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1833 to
1837.
Shipherd, Zehulon It, — He was a Represent-
ative in Congress from New York from 1813 to
1815. Died in Moriah, Essex County, New York.
ShipTVian, Nathaniel. — He was born in Con-
necticut ; received a liberal education, and adopted
the profession of law ; held many local positions in
Hartford, the city of his residence, and in 1873 he was
appointed United States Judge for the District of
Connecticut.
Shippen, Edward, — Born in Philadelphia,
February 16, 1729 ; studied law there and then
finished at the Temple in London ; when he was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1750. On his return to Philadel-
phia he devoted himself to his profession ; at the age
of twenty-four was appointed Prothonotary of the
Supreme Court, and Judge of the Admiralty Court
for the Province ; was afterwards a member of the
Council until a cessation of that office by the Revolu-
tion ; and subsequently appointed President of the
Courts of Quarter Sessions for the County of Philadel-
phia. In 1791 was Judge of the Supreme Court and
in 1799 Chief Justice, which office he resigned in 1806.
Died in Philadelphia, April 16, 1806.
Shippen^ William, — Born in Pennsylvania ;
graduated at Princeton College in 1754. Studied med-
icine in Edinburgh, and on his return, in 1764, he
began in Philadelphia the first course of lectures in
anatomy ever delivered in America. He assisted in es-
tablishing the Medical School of Philadelphia, and
was appointed one of its professors. In 1777 he was
appointed Director-General of the Medical Depart-
ment in the Army, and was a Delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress from 1778 to 1780. Died in 1808.
Shoher, Francis E, — He was born in Salem,
North Carolina, March 12, 1831 ; was educated at Naz-
areth Hall, a Moravian establishment in Pennsylvania,
and also at the University of North Carolina, where he
graduated in 1851 ; studied law, and came to the bar
in 1853, locating at Salisbury ; when the Rebellion
commenced, he opposed the secession movement, and
exerted himself in behalf of the Union ; in 1862 he
was elected to the State Assembly as a conservative,
and continued in that position until the close of the
war ; subsequently served one session in the State
Senate ; and he was elected a Representative from
North Carolina to the Forty-first and Forty-second
Congresses, serving on the Committee on Mines and
Mining.
Shoemaker, L-azariis D, — He was born in
Kingston, Pennsylvania, November 5, 1819 ; gradu-
ated at Yale College in 1840 ; studied and practiced
law in Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania ; was a member of
the State Senate in 1866, 1867, and 1868, and elected
to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serv-
ing as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary
Pensions, and on that of Claims.
Short, William, — Born at Spring Garden, Vir-
ginia, September 30, 1759 ; graduated at William and
Mary College ; was a member of the Executive
Council of Virginia at an early age ; was Secretary of
Legation to Jefferson when Minister to France in
1784 ; in 1789 was appointed Charge d' Affaires to
25
France by Washington ; held the fi" t commission
signed by him, and was the first citizen appointed to
office under the Federal Constitution ; he was Minis-
ister Resident to the Netherlands in 1792 ; and Com-
missioner to negotiate with Spain in 1794 ; and ap-
pointed Minister Resident to that country the same
year. His important negotiations were connected
with the boundaries of Florida and Mississippi, and
resulted in the treaty of 1795. He died at Philadel-
phia, December 5, 1849.
Shorter, Eli S, — Born in Monticello, Georgia,
March 15, 1823 ; graduated at Yale College in 1843 ;
was a lawyer by profession, but engaged in the plant-
ing business. He was elected a Representative from
Alabama to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con-
gresses, and was a member of the Committee on In-
dian Affairs.
Shorter,\tTohn Gill, — He was a native of
Georgia, and the son of Eli S. Shorter ; removed to
Alabama when young ; was for several years a State
Senator ; from 1855 to 1861 Circuit Judge for his dis-
trict ; was a member of the Confederate Congress,
and was Governor of Alabama from 1861 to 1863,
maintaining his authority over the State in spite of
the prevailing hostilities. He died in Eufaula, Ala-
bama, June 5, 1872.
Shower, Jacob, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland from 1853 to 1855.
Shtilze, John Andrew, — Born in Tulpehocken,
Berks County, Pennsylvania, July 19, 1775 ; repre-
sented Lebanon County for several years in the State
Legislature ; and was Governor of that State from
1823 to 1829. Died in Lancaster, November 18,
1852.
Shunii, Francis R, — Born in Montgomery
County, Pennsylvania, August 7, 1788 ; became a
teacher at the age of fifteen ; in 1812 was appointed
Clerk in the Surveyor-General's Department, and at
the same time studied law ; assisted as a soldier in
the defense of Baltimore in 1814 ; was first assistant,
then principal clerk for several years in the House of
Representatives of the State ; Secretary to the Board
of Canal Commissioners ; in 1838 Secretary of the
State ; afterward established himself for the practice
of law in Pittsburg ; and was Governor of Pennsyl-
vania from 1845 to 1848. Died in Harrisburg, July.
30, 1848.
Sihley^ Henri/ H, — He was bom in February,
1811, in Detroit, Michigan ; spent much of his early
life on the North-western frontier ; was for many
years an Indian Trader in the employ of the American
Fur Company, at Mackinaw and Fort Snelling ; was ai
Delegate to Congress from Minnesota Territory from
1849 to 1853 ; and having witnesssed the progress of
Minnesota from a wilderness to an organized State,
he was elected, in 1857, its first Governor, serving st'
part of 1858. He was a Brigadier-General of Volun-
teers during the Rebellion ; commanded an expedi-
tion against the Minnesota Indians in 1863, and was
subsequently brevetted a Major-General of Volun-
teers. He was also a Delegate to the Cleveland
" Soldiers' Convention " of 1866 ; and in 1867 was ap-
pointed a visitor to the West Point Academy, He
was the son of Solomon Sibley.
Sibley, Jonas, — He was born in Sutton, Massa-
chussetts, March 17, 1762 ; for thirty-five years held
a variety of town offices ; from 1806 to 1823 was a
member of the Massachusetts Legislature ; was an
Elector for President in 1820 ; served again in both
Houses of the Legislature; was a member of v the
" State Constitutional Convention " of 1820 ;; a- mem-
386
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
ber of Congress from Worcester County, Massachu-
setts, from 1823 to 1825 ; and died at Sutton in that
State, February 10, 1834, aged seventy-two years.
Siblef/f Mark H. — Born in Great Barrington,
Massachusetts, in 1796, and removed to Canandaigua,
New York, in 1814. He studied law, and was distin-
guished as an advocate. He was a member of the
New York Assembly in 1834 and 1835 ; a Represent-
ative in Congress from 1837 to 1839 ; subsequently a
State Senator ; and in 1846 a County Judge. He died
in Canandaigua, New York, September 8, 1852.
Sihley, Solomon. — He was born in Sutton,
Massachusetts, October 7, 1769 ; he studied law, and
removed to Ohio in 1795, establishing himself first at
Marietta, and then at Cincinnati, in the practice of
his profession. He removed to Detroit, in 1797, and
in 1799 was elected to the first Territorial Legislature
of the North-western Territory. He was a Delegate
to Congress from the Territory of Michigan from 1820
to 1823 ; in 1824 he was appointed Judge of the
Supreme Court, and held the office until 1836, when
he resigned in consequence of increasing deafness.
He died at Detroit, April 4, 1846. He was universally
respected for his talents and manifold virtues.
SicMeSf Daniel E» — He was born in New York,
in October, 1821 ; acquired the printer's trade, which
he followed for some years ; he studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1843 ; in 1847 he was elected
to the Assembly of New York, and in 1856 to the
State Senate. For a short time, when Mr. Buchanan
was the American Minister in England, he was the
Secretary of that Legation ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative from New York to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign
Affairs. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress ; before the expiration of his first term, in Feb-
ruary, 1859, he killed Philip Barton Key, for "dis-
honoring his bed." His trial lasted twenty days, and
he was acquitted. He served in the Army during the
Rebellion, lost a leg in battle, and attained the rank
of Major-General of Volunteers. In 1866 he was ap-
pointed by President Johnson Minister Resident to
the Netherlands, but declined, and was subsequently
appointed a Colonel in the regular army, and in 1867
brevetted a Major-General for gallant and meritorious
services at Gettysburg. He was a Delegate to the
Chicago Convention of 1868 ; and in 1869 he was ap-
pointed by President Grant Minister to Spain.
Sickles, Nicholas. — He was born in Kinder-
hook, New York ; was a Representative in Congress
from 1835 to 1837 ; and died at Kingston, New York,
May 13, 1845.
SitgreaveSf Lorenzo, — He was a native of Penn-
sylvania ; a Captain in the United States Army ; and
under instructions from the Government he made an
expedition down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers an ac-
count of which was published in 1853.
Sillf Thomas H. — He was a native of Connecti-
cut ; a lawyer by profession ; and settled in the prac-
tice at Erie, Pennsylvania, in 1812. He was a mem-
ber of the Convention to revise the State Constitution ;
■and a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania
from 1829 to 1831, having served in the same capacity
for an unexpired term in 1826. In 1825 and 1849 he
"was lalso a Presidential Elector.
SilsbeCf Wathaniel. — Born in Essex County,
Massachusetts, in 1773, and died at Salem, Massachu-
setts, July 1, 1850. He was a distinguished and
successful marchant, and frequently elected to the
State legislature, and was for three years President
of the Stat« Senate ; he served as a Representative in
Congress from 1816 to 1820 ; and was a Senator of
the United States from 1826 to 1835 ; also a Presi-
dential Elector in 1837. He was the firm supporter
of the administration of John Quincy Adams, and
when his term expired, Mr. Silsbee offered to vacate
his seat in the Senate in his favor, but the ex-Presi
dent declined the proposal.
Silvester f Peter, — He was born in New York ;
was a member of the Albany Committee of Safety in
1774, and of the New York Provincial Congress ; was
a Judge of the Common Pleas in 1776 ; and elected a
member of the First Congress under the Federal Con-
stitution. He was subsequently a State Senator, and
died at Kinderhook, January 30, 1845.
Silvester f Peter H. — He was born at Kinder
hook, Columbia County, New York, February 17,
1807 ; graduated at Union College in 1827 ; studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; and he
was a Representative in Congress from New York
from 1847 to 1851.
SimkinSf Eldred, — He was born in Edgefield
District, South Carolina, August 29, 1779 ; was edu-
cated for the bar at Litchfield, Connecticut ; was
partner of Mr. McDuflSe ; served frequently in the
Legislature ; was Lieutenant-Governor of South Car-
olina in 1812 ; a General of Militia ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from South Carolina from
1817 to 1821. Died at Edgefield in 1832.
Siinmonfif Georf/e A. — He was born in New
Hampshire ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1816,
served a number of years in the Assembly of that
State ; and was elected a Representative in Congress
to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses
from that State. In 1852 he received from his Alma
Mater the degree of LL.D., and died October 37, 1857,
aged sixty-six years, at Keesville, New York.
Simmons f James F. — Born in Little Compton,
Rhode Island, September 10, 1795. His employments
were farming and manufacturing ; he was a member
of the General Assembly from 1828 to 1841 ; elected
to the United States Senate in 1841, for six years, to
March 4, 1847 ; again chosen for another term, begin-
ning March 4, 1857, but resigned in August, 1862,
and served as a member of the Committees on Claims,
on Patents, and the Patent GflSce, and on Finance.
During the Thirty-seventh Congress he was Chair-
man of the Committee on Patents. Died' in Johnson,
Rhode Island, July 10, 1864.
SimmSf JVilliam E. — Born in Kentucky ; and
elected a Representative from that State to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on
the Militia.
Simons f Samuel, — He was a Representative in
Congress, from Connecticut, from 1843 to 1845 : and
died in Bridgeport, Connecticut, January, 13, 1847.
aged fifty-five years.
Simonton, Willia'}n, — He was a member of
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1839 to 1843 ; and
died at South Hanover, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1846.
Si^npson, Josiah. — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania ; received a good education, and adopted the
profession of law, and in 1812 he was appointed by
President Madison United States Judge for the Ter-
ritory of Mississippi.
Simpson^ Richard F, — He was born in South
Carolina ; and was a Representative in Congress from
1843 to 1847. He graduated at the University of
South Carolina in 1816 ; adopted the profession of
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
387
law ; and before entering Congress had been a mem-
ber of the Senate of his native State.
Sims, Alexander D, — He was born in Bruns-
wick County, Virginia, June 12, 1803 ; and died at
Kingstree, South Carolina, November 16, 1848. He
went through a course of studies at Chapel Hill,
North Catolina, and finished his education at Union
College, New York. He read and practiced law in
Virginia ; and, removing to South Carolina, taught
an academy at Darlington Court House. In 1829 he
commenced the practice of law in South Carolina, and
became a prominent member of the bar in that State.
He had a taste for politics, and during the Nullifica-
tion times was active and decided ; and he was a
member of Congress from South Carolina from 1845
to 1848. He also served in the State Legislature in
1840 and 1842.
Sims, Leonard II, — Born in North Carolina ;
and was elected a Representative in Congress from
Missouri from 1845 to 1847.
Sinclair f Charles E, — He was born in Virginia,
and appointed an Associate Justice of the United
States Court for the Territory of Utah.
Singleton, Otho H, — Born in Jessamine County,
Kentucky ; graduated at St. Joseph College, Bards-
town, Kentucky, and adopted the law as a profes-
sion ; he was two years in the lower house of the
Mississippi Legislature ; six years in the State Senate;
a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and was elecied a
Representative to the Thirty-third Congress, and re-
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from the same
State, serving as a member of the Joint Committee on
Printing. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals.
Joined the great Rebellion in 1861. In 1875 he was
re-elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
Sinf/lefon, Thomas D. — He was elected to
Congress from South Carolina in 1833, and, while on
his way to Washington to take his seat in December,
he died at Raleigh, North Carolina.
SinnicJvSon, Clement H, — Born in Salem, New
Jersey, September 16, 1834 ; educated at Union Col-
lege, New York, and graduated there in 1855 ; studied
law at Trenton, and was admitted to the bar in 1858 ;
began to practice in Salem ; in 1861 raised a Company
of Volunteers, and enlisted as Captain in the Fourth
Regiment for three months' service, after which he
resumed the practice of law in Salem ; in 1874 was
elected a Representative from New Jersey to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
SinnicJcson, Thomas, — Born in Salem County,
New Jersey, in 1745 ; received a classical education, and
was bred a merchant. He served in the Revolutionary
War at the battles of Trenton and Princeton, in the
capacity of Captain ; was for many years a mem-
ber of the Council and Assembly of New Jersey, and
the Presiding Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ;
he was a Correspondent of the Committee of Safety
during the Revolution ; and a Representative in the
First Congress, after the adoption of the Constitution,
from 1789 to 1791, and again from 1797 to 1799 ; was
Presidential elector in 1801 ; and was one of those
who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the
Potomac. Died in Salem, May 15, 1817.
Sinnickson, Thomas, — Born in Salem, New
Jersey, December 13, 1786 ; received a common- school
education ; commenced active life as a merchant ; was
a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for twenty
years ; a member of the New Jersey Legislature ;
Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals ; and a
Representative in Congress during the years 1828 and
1829.
Sitgj'eaveSf Charles, — He was born in Easton,
Pennsylvania, April 22, 1803 ; received a liberal ed-
ucation ; adopted the profession of law, and settled
in New Jersey ; was Major-Commandant in the State
military service from 1828 to 1838 ; member of the
New Jersey Assembly in 1831 and 1833 ; was a mem-
ber in 1834 of the Legislative Council ; member and
President of the same in 1835 ; member of the State
Senate from 1852 to 1854 ; was made a Trustee of the
State Normal School in 1855, which he vacated in
1864, when he was elected a Representative from
New Jersey to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on
the Committee on Military Affairs. Other offices
which he held were as follows : Mayor of Philips-
burg in 1861, declining a re-election ; President of the
Belvidere and Delaware Railroad Company, and Presi-
dent of the Bank at Philipsburg. He was also one of
the Representatives designated by the House to at-
tend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Re-elected
to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Military Affairs.
Sitgreaves, John, — He was an officer in the war
of the Revolution ; was a Delegate to the Continental
Congress from North Carolina from 1784 to 1785 ; in
1790 he Avas appointed Attorney-General for that
State, and soon afterwards was appointed Judge of
the United States District Court for the District of
North Carolina. Died at Halifax, in March, 1801.
Sit greaves, Samuel, — He was born in Phila-
delphia ; liberally educated ; studied law and settled
in Easton, Pennsylvania ; was a member in 1790 of
the "Constitutional Convention" of that State ; was
a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania from
1795 to 1798 ; and was then appointed by President
Adams Commissioner to treat with Great Britain.
Died April 4, 1824.
Skelton, Charles, — Born in Pennsylvania ; and
was a Representative in Congress from New Jersey
from 1851 to 1855.
Skinner, John S, — He was born in Maryland ;
and in 1841 he was appointed Third Assistant Post-
master-General, holding the position until 1845.
Skinner, Richard, — He was born in Litchfield,
Connecticut, May 30, 1788 ; and received his educa-
tion at the celebrated law school of his native town ;
he was admitted to the bar in 1800 ; and removed to
Manchester, Vermont. In 1801 he was appointed
State's Attorney for Bennington County, and in 1809
Judge of Probate ; and was elected a Representative
in (/ongress from 1813 to 1815 ; Judge of the Supreme
Court in 1816 ; and Chief Justice in 1817. In 1818 he
was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature,
and was Speaker. He was Governor in 1820, 1821,
and 1822 ; was reappointed Chief Justice in 1824,
and resigned in 1829. He died at Manchester, May
23, 1833, much respected for his public services and
private worth. He was President of the Northeast-
ern Branch of the American Education Society ; was
a member of the Board of Trustees of Middlebury Col-
lege, from which institution he received the degree of
LL.D. He was also interested in various local benev-
olent associations.
Skinner, St, John J5. L, — He was born in New
York, and was appointed from that State a Clerk in
the General Post-Office in Washington ; in 1861 he
was made Acting Assistant Postmaster-General, and
in 1866 he was appointed to that position, serving un-
til 1869.
388
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
ShimieVf TJiomson J,, Jr, — He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Massachusetts from 1796
to 1799, and again from 1803 to 1804 ; and, having on
his first election succeeded T. Sedgewick, in 1804 he
was appointed by President Jefferson Commissioner
of Loans.
Slade, Charles* — He was a Representative in
Congress from Illinois from 1833 to 1834 ; and died in
July of the same year, on his return from Washing-
ton, in Knox County, Indiana, after an illness of only
twenty-four hours.
SladCf William, — Born in Cornwall, Vermont,
May 9, 1786 ; graduated at Middlebury College in
1807 ; and, liaviug studied law, was admitted to the
bar in 1810. In 1813 he was a Presidential Elector.
From 1814 to 1816 he published and edited the Co-
lumbian Patriot, and at the same time kept a book-
store ; in 1815 he was elected Secretary of State,
which office he held eight years, during six of which
he officiated as Judge of the Addison County Court ;
and was subsequently State's Attorney for the same
county. From 1823 to 1829 he was a Clerk in the
State Department at Washington. His service in
Congress, as a Representative from Vermont, was from
1831 to 1843. On his retirement from Congress, he
was elected Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme
Court of Vermont, which office he held one year ; and
in 1844 he was chosen Governor of Vermont. He was
subsequently made Secretary of the National Board
of Popalar Education, having for its object the fur-
nishing of the West with teachers from the East.
In 1823 he published the " Vermont State Papers ; "
in 1825 the "Statutes of Vermont;" and in 1844 a
volume of "Vermont Reports." He died at Middle-
bury, Vermont, January 18, 1859.
Slater, tfarnes H. — He was born in Sangamon
County, Illinois, in 1826 ; received a limited educa-
tion ; studied law, and came to the bar ; was elected
to the Territorial Legislature of Oregon in 1857 and
1858, and to the first State Legislature ; was elected
in 1866 District Attorney for two years, and was
elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the
Committee on Public Lands.
Slaughter, Gabriel, — Born in Virginia about
1767 ; was an early emigrant to Kentucky ; was a
successful farmer ; and was frequently a member of
the State Legislature. At the battle of New Orleans
he was chosen colonel of a Kentucky regiment, and
received the thanks of the Legislature. He was
chosen Lieutenant-Governor ; and after the death of
Governor Madison, was Governor from 1816 to 1820.
He died in Mercer County, Kentucky, September 19,
1830.
Slai/makerf Amos,— Tie was born in the Lon-
don Lands, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, March
11, 1755; received a good common-school education;
served as a soldier in the Revolutionary army ; paid
much attention to farming, and officiated as a magis-
trate ; and was a Representative in Congress, from
Pennsylvania, during a part of the Thirteenth Con-
gress, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the death of
James Whitehill. He died in Salisbury, Lancaster
County, Pennsylvania, June 12, 1837.
Slemons, W, _F.— Born in Weakly County, Ten-
nessee, March 15, 1830 ; received his education at
Bethel College ; emiorrated to Arkansas in 1852 ;
studied law, and practiced at Monticello, in that State,
until tlie breaking out of the civil war ; entered the
Southern army in 1861, and remained until its close ;
rose from Lieutenant to Brigadier-General, and com-
manded a division ; after the war was District At-
torney, and elected a Representative to the Forty-
fourth Congress from Arkansas.
Slidell, John, — Bom in New York about the
year 1793, and, on reaching the age of manhood, re-
moved to New Orleans, where he established himself
as a lawyer, and practiced his profession with success.
He was appointed, by President Jackson, United
States District Attorney ; was frequently elected to
the Legislature of Louisiana ; was a Representative
in Congress, from 1843 to 1845 ; while in Congress he
was appointed, by President Polk, Minister to Mexi-
co ; in 1853 he was elected to the United States
Senate for the unexpired term of Senator Soule, and
was re-elected for six years, and was Chairman of the
Committee on the Condition of the Banks, and a
member of the Committees on Naval Affairs and
Foreign Relations. He withdrew, and became iden-
tified with the Rebellion of 1861. He went to France
as a Minister from the Rebel Government ; was cap-
tured by the San Jacinto, on his passage out ; im-
prisoned in Fort Warren, and after being released
took up his residence in Paris. Died in London, Eng-
land, July 29, 1871.
Slingerlandf John I, — He was bom in Albany
County, New York, March 1, 1804 ; received a good
common-school education ; and, as a business, has
devoted nearly his whole life to agricultural pursuits.
He was a member of the New York Legislature in
1843, and was a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1847 to 1849. Died in Albany, October 26,
1861.
Sloan f Andreiv, — He was born in McDonough,
Georgia, June 10, 1845 ; educated at Marshall Col-
lege, Georgia, and Bethany College, West Virginia ;
read law, and admitted to the bar in 1866 ; was elec-
ted, in 1866, Solicitor of Henry County, Georgia ; re-
moved to Savannah, and appointed Deputy Collector
of Customs ; was appointed United States District
Attorney, and held the position until 1872, acting at
the same time as Local Counsel for the United States
in regard to the cotton claims, and also under the
Mixed Commission on British and American claims ;
was elected in 1872 a Representative from Georgia
to the Forty-third Congress, and, after a contest, duly
admitted.
Sloan, A, Scott, — Bom in Morrisville, Madison
County, New York, in 1820 ; adopted the profession
of law ; in 1847 was elected Clerk of Madison County ;
removed to Wisconsin in 1854 ; elected to the Wis-
consin Legislature in 1856 ; appointed a Circuit
Judge in 1858 ; and in 1860 was elected a Represent-
ative from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Territories.
Sloan, Ithamar C, — Born in Madison County,
New York ; received a common-school education ;
adopted the prof esssion of law ; removed to Wis-
consin in 1854 ; in 1858 and 1860 he was chosen Dis-
trict Attorney of Rock County ; and in 1862 was elect-
ed a Representative from Wisconsin to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public
Lands, and also on that on Expenses in the War De-
partment. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on the Death of President
Lincoln, Claims, and Expenses of the War Depart-
ment.
Sloan, James, — ^He was a Representative in
Congress from New Jersey from 1803 to 1809 ; a resi-
dent of Gloucester County, and a member of the
Society of Friends. Died in New Jersey, in Novem-
ber, 1811.
Sloane, John, — Born in York, Pennsylvania,
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
389
but removed to Ohio while jet a Territory. He was
elected a member of the General Assembly in 1804,
and in 1805 and 1806 was Speaker. He was a Re-
ceiver of Public Moneys at Canton from 1808 to 1816,
and afterwards at Wooster until 1819, when he was
elected to Congress as a Representative, continuing
a member until 1829. He was Clerk of the Common
Pleas for seven years, Secretary of State for three
years, and Treasurer of the United States under
President Fillmore. He was a Colonel of Militia
during the war of 1812, and died in Wooster, May
15, 1856, aged seventy-seven years,
SloanCf Jonathan, — He was born in Massa-
chusetts, and, having settled in Ohio, was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1833 to
1837.
Slociifvif Henry W, — He was born in New York,
September 24, 1827 ; graduated at the West Point
Academy in 1852 ; on receiving tho appointment of
Second Lieutenant, he was assigned to duty in Flori-
da, where he spent about one year ; and from 1853 to
1856, as a First Lieutenant, he was on duty at Fort
Moultrie, on leaving which he resigned his commis-
sion. Having paid some attention to the study of law,
he was engaged in its practice at Syracuse, from 1856
to 1861 ; in 1859 he was elected to the State Legisla-
ture ; and from 1859 to 1861, he was Instructor of
Artillery in the New York Militia. When the Rebel-
lion commenced he was chosen Colonel of the Twenty-
seventh Regiment of New York Volunteers ; before
the close of 1861, was made Brigadier-General of
Volunteers ; and in 1862, he was appointed a Major-
General, and served with zeal and success until the
end of hostilities. He was present at the battles of
Manassas and Antietam, having been identified with
the Army of the Potomac, the march from the moun-
tains to the sea, and at the time of his resignation, in
September, 1865, he was in command of the Depart-
ment of Mississippi. In 1865, he was the Democratic
candidate for Secretary of State of New York, but
was defeated, after which he settled at Brooklyn, in
the practice of law ; and in 1868, he was chosen an
Elector, and elected a Representative from New York
to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serv-
ing on the Committee on Military Affairs.
Slocunif tfesse, — Was a Representative in Con-
gress from North Carolina, from 1817 to 1820, and
died in Washington, befor the expiration of his term,
December 30, of the latter year.
SlosSf Joseph H, — He was born in Somerville,
Morgan County, Alabama, October 12, 1826 ; received
an academic education ; studied law at Athens, Ten-
nessee ; settled in Edwardsville, Illinois, in 1849 ;
was a member of the Legislature in 1858 ; in 1861, re-
turned to Alabama and joined the Confederate Army,
in which he served until the close of the war ; was
elected Mayor of Tuscumbia after the war, and con-
tinued in that office until 1870, when he was elected
to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serv-
ing on the Committee on Revision of Laws, the Mili-
tia and Patents.
Slough f John JP. — He was born in Cincinnati,
Ohio ; was elected to the State Legislature, from
which he was expelled for striking a member in de-
bate ; in 1852 he was chosen Secretary of the Central
Democratic Committee ; soon after, went to Kansas,
and in 1 860 to Denver City, Colorado ; on the breaking
out of the war for the Union, he served with credit
on the south-western frontiers ; was made a Briga-
dier-General, and Military Governor at Alexandria in
Virginia ; and at the close of the war he was ap-
pointed Chief Justice of the Territory of New Mexi-
co. A resolution was introduced in the Territorial
Legislature for his removal, and he sought a personal
encounter with the author of the resolution — a Sena-
tor,— and the result was his death, December 16,
1867.
Smallf William IB, — He was elected a Repre-
sentative from New York to the Forty-third Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions.
Smalley^ David ^.— He was born in Middle-
bury, Addison Connty, Vermont, April 6, 1809 ; re-
ceived an academic education ; studied law and came
to the bar in Franklin County in 1831, in which
county he practiced his profession ; in 1842 he was
elected a State Senator, and declined a re-election ; in
1844 was admitted to the bar of the United States
Supreme Court ; was a Delegate to the " National
Democratic Convention held in Baltimore, in 1852, and
Vice-President ; in 1853 he was appointed Collector of
Customs for Vermont ; was also a Delegate to the Cin-
cinnati Convention of 1857 ; in that year he was ap-
pointed United States District Judge for Vermont,
and, on account of ill health, Congress, in 1875,
authorized him to resign for the residue of his time,
on full pay, but he had not availed himself of the
privilege accorded to him as late as the month of
April, 1875.
Smalls f Robert, — Born in Beaufort, South Caro-
lina, April 5, 1839 ; received no education until the
close of the civil war ; lived at Beaufort until 1851,
when he went to Charleston and worked at the rig-
ger's trade, and led a seafaring life along the coast of
South Carolina and Florida ; having acquired a know-
ledge of the bays and harbors of the coast, went on
board the Steamer Planter in the Confederate service
in 1861, acting as pilot ; when the opportunity offered
he seized the boat and joined tlie United States fleet
outside the harbor ; he was then entered on the navy
list of the Federal service, and was subsequently
commissioned as Second Lieutenant of the Thirty-
third Regiment of colored troops, and performed
efficient service during the war on sea and land, for
which he was promoted to Captain ; returned to Beau-
fort after the war ; was a member of the Constitu-
tional Convention, and in 1868 was a member of the
House of Representatives of the State, and also filled
an unexpired term in the State Senate for two years ;
in 1872 was re-elected to that position ; was made
Brigadier-General and afterward Major General of
State troops, and in 1874 was elected a Representa-
tive from South Carolina to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
Smartf Ephraim K, — Born at Prospect (now
Searsport), Maine, in 1813. He was thrown upon his
own resources to obtain means of education, which he
received at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary. After the
study of law for three years, he was admitted to
the bar in Camden. He was appointed Postmaster in
1838, and in 1841 was elected State Senator. In 1842
he was Aid to the Governor, with the rank of Lieu-
tenant-Colonel, and was re-elected to the Senate the
same year. In 1843 he went to Missouri, and prac-
ticed law, as an Attorney and Counselor and Solicitor
in Chancery ; but returned to Camden, and was
again Postmaster in 1845. He was a Representative
in Congress from Maine, from 1847 to 1849, and from
1851 to 1853 ; from 1853 to 1858 he was Collector at
Belfast. In 1854 he established the Maine Free Press,
and was its editor three years ; in 1858 he returned
to the practice of law in Camden, and in September
of that year was again elected to the Legislature.
Smartf James S, — He was born June 14, 1842,
in Baltimore, Maryland ; received a classical educa-
tion, at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania ; entered the
Army in 1864, as First-Lieutenant, Sixteenth New
390
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
York Heavy Artillery ; served in the Army until the
second Expedition to Fort Fisher ; was promoted to a
captaincy ; in 1865 took charge of the Washington
County Post, published at Cambridge ; and was elect-
ed to the Forty-third Congress from New York, serv-
ing on the Committee on Invalid Pensions.
Smelt, Dermis, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Georgia, from 1806 to 1811.
Smilie, tTolin, — He was born in Ireland, but emi-
grated to this country when young ; held many civil
and military positions during the Revolution ; served
in the Legislature of Pennsylvania, his adopted State,
and was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl-
vania, from 1793 to 1795, and again from 1799 to 1813.
In 1797 he was a Presidential Elector. Died in
Washington, December 30, 1813, aged seventy-six
years.
Smithf Albert, — Born in Hanover, Plymouth
County, Massachusetts, January 3, 1793 ; graduated
at Brown LTniversity in 1813 : admitted to the bar in
1816 ; removed to Maine in 1817 ; and was sent to the
General Court of Massachusetts in 1820 ; was for
many years a Postmaster in Maine ; from 1830 to 1838
he was Marshal of the United States for Maine ; was
a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1841 ; and
in 1842 he was appointed the United States Commis-
sioner to settle the North-eastern Boundary, under
the Ashburton Treaty, which business was completed
in 1847. Died in Boston, May 29, 1867.
Smith, Albert, — He was born in New York, and
was a member of the New York Assembly, from
Genesee County, in 1842, and a Representative in
Congress from that State, from 1843 to 1847.
Smith, Alcock C — He was born in Kentucky,
and removed to Washington Territory, from which he
was appointed a Justice of the United States Court
for the Territory of Idaho.
Smithy Arthur, — Born in the County of Isle of
Wight, Virginia, November 15, 1785 ; was educated
at the College of William and Mary ; served with
credit at the head of a Militia force at Norfolk, in
1812 ; was a member of the Privy Council of Virgin-
ia, and subsequently a member of the State Legisla-
ture ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1821
to 1825. He was a lawyer by profession, but never
practiced. Died in Virginia, March 30, 1853.
Sm,ith^ Mallard, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia, from 1815 to 1821.
Smitli, Henjamin, — He was a resident of
Brunswick County, North Carolina ; member of the
State Legislature in 1792 ; a General of Militia ; and
Governor of the State from 1810 to 1811. His life
was one of many difficulties ; was engaged in many
duels ; but is kindly remembered because of his do-
nation of twenty thousand acres of land to the State
University in 1789.
Smith, Bernard, — Born in Morristown, New
Jersey ; held an office in Washington for a time, and
was sent as a Special Bearer of Dispatches to Europe ;
was . subsequently Collector and Postmaster of New
Brunswick ; was a Representative in Congress from
New Jersey, from 1819 to 1821 ; and during the latter
year he was appointed Register of the Land Office in
Arkansas, which office he held until his death, which
occurred at Little Rock, July, 16, 1835, aged fifty-
nine years. During his residence in Arkansas he
served the Government as an Indian Agent.
Smithy Hoardman H, — He was born in Whit-
ingham, Vermont, August 18, 1826 ; graduated at
Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1847 ; studied
law, and settled in New York ; was appointed Judge
of the Chemung County Courts in 1859, and elected
to the same otfice in that year ; was elected to the
Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving on
several Committees, and as Chairman of that on Elec-
tions.
Smith, Caleb jB, — He was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, April 16, 1808 ; emigrated with his
parents to Ohio in 1814 ; and was educated at the Cin-
cinnati College and Miami University ; adopted the
profession of law, and settled in Indiana ; in 1832 he
established and edited a Whig journal called the
Indiana Sentinel ; in 1833 he was elected a member of
the Legislature ; re-elected in 1834, 1835, and 1836,
during the latter year officiating as Speaker ; in 1847
and 1848 he was a member of the Board of Fund
Commissioners ; and he was a Representative in Con-
gress from Indiana, from 1843 to 1849. He was also
a Presidential Elector in 1840 and 1856 ; and after
leaving Congress, in 1849, he was appointed by Presi-
dent Taylor, one of the members of the Board for In-
vestigating the Claims of x\merican citizens against
Mexico. He subsequently practiced his profession in
Cincinnati, Ohio ; and in 1861 was appointed Secre-
tary of the Interior Department, by President Lincoln;
He was also a member of the " Peace Congress " held
in Washington in February, 1861. In December,
1862, he resigned the office of Secretary, and was ap-
pointed Judge of the United States District Court for
the District of Indiana. Died January 8, 1864.
Stnith, Daniel, — He was one of the earliest
emigrants to Tennessee ; a General of Militia ; and a
Senator in Congress from Tennessee, during the year
1798, when he was superseded bv J. Anderson, and
again from 1805 to 1809. He died in July, 1818.
Smithf Delazon, — Was born in New Berlin,
Chenango County, New York ; graduated at the
Oberlin Collegiate Institute, of Ohio, in 1837 ; he
studied law, but becoming a writer for the press, was
associated with the Rochester True Jeffersonian,
in New -York, and the Western Empire, in Day-
ton, Ohio ; he was appointed by President Tyler,
Special Commissioner to Quito ; in 1846 he removed
to Iowa Territory, where he remained until 1852,
when he emigrated to Oregon Territory ; in 1854 he
was elected to the Assembly of Oregon, and re-elect-
ed in 1855 and 1856 ; he was a member of the Con-
vention in 1857 which formed a State Constitution ;
and in July, 1858, he was chosen one of the Senators
in Congress for the prospective State, and took his
seat as such in Februar}^ 1859. Died in Portland,
Oregon, November 17, 1860.
Smithy Edward Henry. — He was born at
Smithtown, Long Island, in 1809 ; received a good
common-school education ; was bred a farmer, to
which occupation he has devoted his whole life ; and
in 1860 was elected a Representative from New York
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Agriculture and Expenditures in the
Post-Office Department.
Smith, Edivard JP, — He was born in South
Britain, Connecticut, June 3, 1827 ; entered Dart-
mouth College, but graduated from Yale College in
1849, and from Andover Theological Seminary in
1855 ; in 1856 he was settled over a church in Pep-
perell, Massachusetts ; in 1862 he was a Delegate
under the Christian Commission ; was soon made
Field Agent for the Army of the West, and then of
the East ; also acted as Secretary of the Commission
at Philadelphia ; after the war he entered the ser-
vice of the American Missionary Association, and aided
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
391
in establishing schools for Freedmen ; in 1871 he was
appointed an Indian Agent among the Chippewas in
Minnesota ; and in 1873 he was appointed Commis-
sioner of Indian Affairs, without any previous knowl-
edge as to the intentions of the Government. In De-
cember, 1875, he was appointed President of Howard
University.
Sniithf Edivin JB, — He was born in Maine,
about the year 1835 ; graduated at Bowdoin College
in 1852 ; studied law, and, on coming to the bar, set-
tled in Saco, where he practiced his profession with
success. He frequently served in the State Legisla-
ture, and was chosen Speaker in 1871 ; was subse-
quently the Official Reporter of the Supreme Court ;
and in August, 1875, he was appointed First Assistant
in the office of the United States Attorney- General.
Smifhf Francis O. J. — He was born in Massa-
chusetts ; bred to the law ; was elected to the As-
sembly of Maine in 1831 ; was President of the State
Senate in 1833 ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Maine from 1833 to 1839. Of late years
he has been much interested in telegraph and rail-
road enterprises.
Stnifhf Frederick, — He was a prominent Judge
of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and died at
Reading in that State, October 6, 1830.
Synithy George, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1809 to 1813.
SmifJif George L, — He was born in Hillsbor-
ough County, New Hampshire, December 11, 1840 ;
received a collegiate education ; served in the Army ;
settled in Louisiana at the close of the war and en-
gaged in mercantile business ; was elected a member
of the Assembly in 1870, and 1872 ; was proprietor
of the Shreveport Southwestern Telegram; President
of a Savings Bank and Trust Company ; and elected
to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Commit-
tee on Revolutionary Pensions.
Smithy George William, — Was chosen Gover-
nor of Virginia from 1811 to 1812 ; but lost his life
at the burning of the Richmond Theater, December
•26, 1811.
Smithy Gerrit, — Born in New York, and was a
Representative in Congress from that State from
1853 to 1855.
Smith, Green Clay, — Born in Richmond, Ken-
tucky, July 2, 1830 ; graduated at Transylvania Uni-
versity in 1849, and in the Law Department of the
same institution in 1852 ; was a School Commissioner
from 1853 to 1857, establishing a great number of
schools ; served as second Lieutenant in the Mexican
war ; after the breaking out of the Rebellion, in
1861, he had command of the Fourth Kentucky Cav-
alry ; and was elected to the State Legislature ; was
appointed a Brigadier-General in 1862, and subse-
quently promoted to the rank of Major-General ; was
present at the battle of Ball's Bluff and about fifty
other engagements ; and in 1863 he was elected a
Representative from Kentucky, to the Thirty- eighth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections,
and on the Militia. His commission as General he
resigned December 1, 1863. He was a Delegate
to the " Baltimore Convention " of 1864. His father,
John Speed Smith, was also in Congress. Re-
elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the
Committees on the Death of President Lincoln and
Public Expenditures, as Chairman of the Committee
on the Militia, and as a member of the Committee
on Debts of the Loyal States. He was also a mem-
ber of the National Committee appointed to accom-
pany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. In
1866 ; while still in Congress, he was appointed Gov-
ernor of Montana, by President Johnson, and subse-
quently he became a preacher in the Baptist Church.
Smithy Henry, — He was elected Lieutenant-
Governor of Rhode Island, and from 1805 to 1806 he
acted as Governor of the State.
Smithy Herr A, — He was born in Manor Town-
ship, Lancaster County, March 7, 1815 ; graduated at
Dickinson College in 1840 ; studied law in Lancaster,
and admitted to the bar in 1842 ; was elected to the
House of Representatives of Pennsylvania in 1843 and
1844 ; in 1845 was elected to the State Senate ; and
elected to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses,
serving on the Committee on War Claims.
Smithy Isaac, — He was a graduate of Princeton
College in 1755 and a tutor in that Institution ; a Rep-
resentative in Congress from New Jersey from 1795
to 1797 ; was appointed by President Washington in
in the latter year a Commissioner to treat with the
Seneca Indians ; and was a Judge of the Superior
Court of New Jersey. He died in 1807.
Smithy Isaac, — He was a native of Pennsylva-
nia, and a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1813 to 1815.
Smithy Israel, — Born in Connecticut, April 4,
1750. He graduated at Yale College in 1781 ; studied
law, and settled at Rupert, Vermont. Pie subse-
quently settled at Rutland, and was sent the State
Legislature from that town. He was a Represent-
ative in Congress from 1791 to 1797, again in 1800,
and a Senator in Congress during the years 1801 and
1802, and from 1803 to 1807, when he resigned. He
was a Presidential Elector in 1809 ; and also ap-
pointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1797,
and was Governor of Vermont in 1807. He died De-
cember 2, 1810.
Smithy tfames. — He was born in Ireland in 1713,
but came to America when a boy ; he received a clas-
sical education and studied law in Lancaster, Penn-
sylvania; became interested in iron-works and emi-
nent in his profession ; on the approach of war he
took an active part in public affairs ; he raised a com-
pany and commanded it in the field, and was made
a Colonel ; also took an active part in raising addi-
tional troops. He was a Delegate to the Continental
Congress from 1776 to 1778 ; a signer of the Declara-
tion of Independence ; in 1780 he entered the State
Legislature, and after retiring from that office he de-
voted his whole attention to the practice of his pro-
fession. Died July 11, 1806.
Smithy James Milton, — He was elected
Governor of Georgia in 1872, for the term ending in
1877.
Smithy James S, — He was born in Orange
County, North Carolina, and was educated for the
medical profession : served in the Legislature of
North Carolina in 1821 ; and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1817 to 1821.
Sinithy James Y, — Born at Groton, Connecti-
cut, September 15, 1809; at the age of seventeen, he
removed to Providence, and engaged in the lumber
business. In 1838 was a cotton manufacturer at
Willimantic, Connecticut, and at Woonsocket, Rhode
Island; afterward a member of the Legislature of
Rhode Island ; for several years Mayor of Providence,
in 1855 and 1857 ; and Governor from 1863 to 1865 ;
and was a supporter of the Union Cause, and con-
392
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
tribute d from his owu wealtli, in aid of tlie soldiers
and their families during the war.
Sinitlif Jedediah K. — He was a Representative
in Congress from ISew Hampshire from 1807 to 1809 ;
and from 1822 to 1825 he held the office of Judge and
Chief Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Hills-
borough County from 1810 to 1814 ; he was also a
State Councilor ; and died in 1828, aged fifty-eight
years.
StnifJif tTeremiah. — Born in Peterborough,
New Hampshire, and graduated at Rutgers College,
New Jersey, in 1780, and also received, from Harvard
College, the degree of Doctor of Laws, He was a
Representative in Congress from New Hampshire, in
1791, and continued there till 1797, being one of the
last survivors of the distinguished men who partici-
pated with Washington in the administration of the
Government. He was appointed, by John Adams, in
1801, a Judge of the United States Circuit Court, but
did not serve, as the office was soon afterwards
abolished by Congress. He was chosen Governor of
New Hampshire in 1809 ; served as a Presidential
Elector in 1809, and was for several years Chief Jus-
tice of the Superior Court of the State. His extra-
ordinary mental endowments not only remained un-
impaired, but even shone forth brightest when he
was near the close of his long life. Few persons
have been more widely known as statesmen and
jurists, or have left behind them a more enduring
reputation. His acquaintance with books was exten-
sive, and his literary taste remarkably correct and
pure. He was highly esteemed, not only as a lawyer
and judge, but for his eminent social qualifications,
and for all the attributes of a great and good man.
He was a devoted friend of Daniel Webster, and died
at Dover, New Hampshire, September 21, 1843.
Smithf tfohn, — He was a General of Militia in
New York ; a member of the State Legislature from
1784 to 1799 ; was a member of the Convention which
adopted the Constitution ; was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1799 to 1804, when he
resigned ; from 1804 to 1813 he was a Senator in Con-
gress ; and was appointed in the latter year, by Presi-
dent Madison, United States Marshal for New York.
He died in 1816.
Smith f John, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Virginia from 1801 to 1815.
Sinifhf John, — He was born in 1735 ; was a
Senator in Congress from Ohio from 1803 to 1808,
when he resigned. Died in July, 1816. He was a
warm personal friend of Aaron Burr, and though for
a time suspected, he was in reality innocent of trea-
sonable designs.
Smithf John, — He was born at Barre, Massachu-
setts, in August, 1789 ; received a limited education,
and removed in early life to St. Albans, Vermont,
where he was admitted to practice as a lawyer in 1810.
He represented St. Albans in the Legislature for nine
successive years, and was elected State's Attorney of
Franklin County in 1826, and served six years. In
1831, 1832, and 1833, he was Speaker in the General
Assembly. He was a Representative in Congress
from Vermont from 1839 to 1841, after which he re-
sumed the practice of his profession. In 1846 he be-
came enlisted in important railroad projects, and was
so engaged at the time of his sudden death, which
occurred at St. Albans, November 26, 1858. He re-
ceived the degree of A.M. from Middlebury College
and the University of Vermont.
Smithf John A, — He was born in Hillsborough,
Ohio, September 23, 1814 ; graduated at the Miami
University ; studied and practiced law ; was a mem-
ber of the Ohio Legislature in 1841 and 1842; a mem-
ber of the State Constitutional Convention of 1851 ;
and elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con-
gresses, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs.
Smith f John Ambler, — He was born near
Dinwiddle Court-House Virginia, September 23,
1847 ; educated at a high school ; studied law, and
admitted to the bar in 1867 ; was appointed in 1868
Commissioner in Chancery of the courts of Rich-
mond, and was State Attorney of Charles City and
New Kent Counties for one year ; elected to the State
Senate in 1869, and was elected to the Forty-third
Congress, serving on the Committees on Patents, and
Railroads and Canals.
Smith, John JB.— He was a Representative in
Congress from Louisiana from 1853 to 1855.
Smithf John Cotton, — He was born in Sharon,
Connecticut, February 12, 1765, and graduated at
Yale College in 1783. He studied law, and was ad-
mitted to practice in Litchfield County, in 1786. He
was a member of the General Assembly in 1793, and
from 1796 to 1800 was a member of the lower house,
and in 1799 was elected Speaker. He was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Connecticut from 1800
to 1806, when he resigned ; was a Presidential Elec-
tor in 1809 ; and was again a member of the Legisla-
ture until 1809, when he was chosen a member of the
Council. He also held the several offices of Gover-
nor of Connecticut from 1812 to 1817, Lieutenant-
Governor, and Judire of the Superior Court. He re-
ceived the degree of LL.D. from Yale College ; was a
member of the Northern Society of Antiquaries in
Copenhagen ; also of the Connecticut Historical So-
ciety, and of various religious associations. He died
at Sharon, Connecticut, November 7, 1845, and had
devoted the latter years of his life to agricultural
and literary pursuits.
Smith f John Cotton, — He was a citizen of Con-
necticut, and in 1858 he was appointed Minister Resi-
dent to Bolivia ; recalled in 1861.
Smithf John Gregory, — Born at St. Albans,
Vermont, July 22, 1818 ; graduated at the University
of Vermont in 1838 ; and at the New Haven Law
School ; began to practice law with his brother John,
in 1838 ; and at his death succeeded him as Chancel-
lor in 1858. He was active in railroad interests, and
made President of the North Pacific Railroad in 1866 ;
was a member of the State Senate in 1858 and 1859 ;
Representative from 1860 to 1862, and Speaker in
1862, was Governor of Vermont from 1863 to 1865 ;
and was an active supporter of the Union Cause
during the civil war.
Smith, John Q, — He was born in Warren
County, Ohio, November 5, 1824 ; educated at the
common schools ; was a farmer ; a member of the
State Senate in 1860 and 1872 ; a member of the
State House of Representatives in 1862 and 1863 ;
and elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on
the Committee on Claims. In December, 1875, he
was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
Smith, John Speed, — Was born in Jessamine
County, Kentucky, July 31, 1792 ; served as a soldier
under General Harrison, and was at the battle of
Tippecanoe ; was Aid-de-camp to the same General at
the battle of the Thames, in 1813. In 1819 he was
elected to the Legislature of Kentucky, and was a
Representative in Congress from Kentucky from 1821
to 1823. In 1827 he was again elected to the State
Legislature, and made Speaker of the House ; and
subsequently served several terms both in the House
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
39;
and Senate. By President Jackson lie was appointed
United States Attorney for the District of Kentucky ;
was at one time a Commissioner to the Legislature of
Ohio, on a mission of local interest ; and also Superin-
tendent of Public Works in Kentucky, for several
years. Died in Madison County, June 6, 1854.
Smithy Johti T, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and elected a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1843 to 1845, and a member of the Com-
mittee on Expenditures in the State Department.
Smith, tfonathan B, — He graduated al Prince-
ton College in 1760 ; was a Delegate from Pennsylva-
via to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1778,
and was a signer of the Articles of Confederation.
Sniithf Joseph L, — He was born in Connecti-
cut ; was well educated and adopted the profession
of law ; and having become a resident of Florida, he
was appointed United States Judge for that Territory,
serving as such until 1832.
Smithf Joseph S, — Born in Fayette County,
Pennsylvania, June 20, 1824 ; received a common-
school education ; adopted the profession of law ;
removed to Oregon, and then to Washington Territory,
and was made a prosecuting attorney ; was elected to
the Territorial Legislature, and made Speaker in
1856 or 1857 ; Avas for two years United States Dis-
trict Attorney for the Territory, but resigned, and re-
turned to Oregon ; was interested in the first woolen
mill erected on the Pacific slope which was eminently
successful ; in 1867 he retired from business and
visited Europe ; and on his return he was elected a
Representative from Oregon to the Forty-first Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Post-Offices and
Post-Roads, and Revolutionary Pensions. In 1864
he was nominated for a seat on the Supreme Bench
of the State but declined.
Smithf Josiah* — He was born at Pembroke,
Massachusetts, in 1745 ; graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1774 ; was a Representative in Congress
from Massachusetts from 1801 to 1808. On his return
from Washington in March, 1803, he took the small-
pox in New York, and died at home before the close
of the month.
Smithf Melancthon, — He was a Delegate from
New York to the Continental Congress from 1785 to
1788.
Smithf Merriwether, — Born in Essex County,
Virginia ; was long a member of the House of Bur-
gesses ; a member of all the Virginia Conventions in
1775 and 1776 ; was a member of the Federal Con-
vention of Virginia ; and a Delegate to the Continen-
tal Congress from 1778 to 1782.
Smithf Nathan, — He was born at Roxbury,
Connecticut, in 1770 ; received his professional edu-
cation at the Law School in Litchfield ; was a member
of the Convention that formed the State Constitution;
for many years State's Attorney for the County of
New Haven ; frequently in the State Legislature,
and for several years United States Attorney for the
District of Connecticut. He was also a Delegate to
the " Hartford Convention" in 1814. He represented
his native State in the Senate of the United States
from 1833 to 1835. He was long known as an emi-
nent lawyer, respected for his integrity and ability.
He died at Washington, District of Columbia, Decem-
ber 6, 1836.
Smithy Wathaniel, — He was born in Woodbury,
Connecticut, January 6, 1762. His education was
limited, but he obtained distinction by the energy of
his talents. He studied law, and settled in practice
in his native town in 1789. He was for many years
a member of the State Legislature, having served in
both houses. He was a Representative in Congress
from Connecticut from 1795 to 1779. In 1706 he was
elected Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and
held the office until 1819. His legal knowledge was
extensive, and he was greatly esteemed for his
integrity and piety. He died March 9, 1823.
Smithf Oliver Hampton.-^He was bom near
Trenton, New Jersey, October 23, 1794, and died at
Indianapolis, Indiana, March 19, 1849, having, from
1817, during the balance of his life, been honorably
identified with the public history of that State. He
studied law, and in 1824 he was Prosecuting Attorney
for the Third District of Indiana. He was elected to
the State Legislature in 1822 ; was a Representative
in Congress from Indiana from 1827 to 1829 ; and a
Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1848. He Avas the
author of a work giving his "Recollections of Con-
gressional Life," originally published in the Indian-
apolis Journal. When in the Senate he was Chair-
man of the Committee on Public Lands, and he
subsequently devoted much attention to the internal
affairs of his adopted State.
S^nithf Perry, — ^Born in Washington, Connecti-
cut ; attended the Litchfield Law School, and settled
in New Milford in 1807. He was a State Representa-
tive for four years, Judge of Probate for two years,
and a Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1843. He
died in New Milford in 1852.
Smithf Richard, — He was a Delegate from
New Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1774 to
1776.
Smithf Robert. — He was born in 1757 ; served
as a volunteer in the Revolutionary war, and was
present at the battle of Brandywine ; served as a
member of the Maryland Legislature ; was Secretary
of the Navy from 1802 to 1805, in President Jeffer-
son's Cabinet ; Secretary of the Navy under President
Madison, which office he resigned, and retired to
private life. He died in Baltimore, November 26,
1842.
Smithy Itobei^t, — Born in Petersborough, New
Hampshire, June 12, 1802, and received a limited
education. He was a farmer by occupation until he
attained his twentieth year, but subsequently en-
gaged in manufacturing and merchandising. Re-
moving to Illinois in 1832, he served in the Illinois
Legislature from 1836 to 1840 ; was Enrolling and
Engrossing Clerk of the House of Representatives of
Illinois from 1840 to 1843, and was then elected to
Congress, and served till March 4, 1849, and was re-
elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, being Chairman
of the Committee on Mileage. He subsequently took
an active part in organizing the railroads in his
adopted State. Died at Alton, Illinois, December,
1867.
Smithf Samuel, — He was born in Lancaster
County, Pennsylvania, July 27, 1752. He was a dis-
tinguished merchant of Baltimore, and contributed
largely to the advancement of that city, of which he
was once Mayor. He rose from the rank of Captain
to that of Brigadier-General in the Revolutionary
war. In 1776 he was a member of the Convention
for framing the Constitution of Maryland ; and was
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1793 to 1803, and again from 1816 to 1822 ; and a
Senator in Congress from 1803 to 1815, and again from
1822 to 1833, serving as Chairman of the Committee
on Finance. During a part of the Ninth and Tenth
Congresses, he oflBciated as President pro tern, of the
394
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Senate. He died suddenly, at Baltimore, April 25,
1839.
Smith, Samuel, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1805 to 1809.
Smith, Samuel, — Born in 1767, in Peterbor-
ough, New Hampshire ; held many public positions ;
was for many years a manufacturer of paper ; and a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1813
to 1815. He died in 1842.
Smith, Samuel A, — He was born in Pennsylva-
nia, and was a Representative in Congress from Bucks
County, Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1833, serving,
during his second term, on the Committee on Agri-
culture.
Smithy Samuel A, — He was born in Monroe
County, Tennessee, June 26, 1822, He lost his father
when quite young, and, with limited opportunities
for attending school, spent the most of his time on a
farm until he became of age. At that time he began
to attend school in earnest, and at the end of three
months he became a teacher, and for two years al-
ternately attended and taught school in his native
county. He also taught school, for a while, during
ten months that he studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1845. During that year he was elected
Attorney-General for the Third Judicial District of
Tennessee, which office he held until 1848. He was
a Delegate to the "National Convention" of that
year held at Baltimore, and was soon afterwards
elected a Presidential Elector, and was again chosen
a Presidential Elector in 1852. In 1850 he took a
deep interest in the affairs of the East Tennessee and
Georgia Railroad ; and was elected a Representative
from Tennessee to the Thirty-third Congress, and re-
elected to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con-
gresses, and was Chairman of the Joint Committee on
Printing. In 1859 he was appointed by President
Buchanan Commissioner of the General Land Office,
and resigned in February, 1860.
Smith, Samuel Emerson, — Born in Hollis,
New Hampshire, March 12, 1788 ; graduated at Har-
vard University in 1808 ; he studied law ; was admit-
ted to the bar in Boston, and settled in Wiscasset,
Maine, in 1812 ; he was a Representative in the Leg-
islature in 1819 and 1820 ; Chief Justice of the Court
of Common Pleas of Maine in 1821 ; Justice of the
State Court of Common Pleas from 1822 to 1830 ; was
Governor of Maine from 1831 to 1834 ; again Judge of
Court of Common Pleas from 1835 to 1837; and, in the
latter year, a Commissioner to revise the Public Stat-
utes of Maine. Died in Wiscasset, March 3, 1860.
Smith, Thomas, — Was born in Scotland, em-
igrated to America, and was a lawyer by profes-
sion ; in 1769 was appointed Deputy-Surveyor, and
settled in Bedford, Pennsylvania ; was prothono-
tary Clerk of the Sessions and Recorder of Bedford
County ; was Colonel of Militia during the Revolu-
tion ; a member of the "Constitutional Convention"
in 1776 ; a member of the State Legislature, and a
Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1780 to
1782 ; was President-Judge from 1791 to 1794 ; and
Judge of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania from
1794 to 1809. Died at Bedford, Pennsylvania, June,
1809.
Smith, Thomas, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1815 to 1817.
Smith, Thomas, — Born in Pennsylvania, and
was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from
1839 to 1841, and agam from 1843 to 1847.
Smith, Thomas L, — He was born in Virginia ;
well educated, and a man of superior culture ; he
was appointed Register of the Treasury by President
Jackson in 1829, and continued in that position until
1845 ; and in 1849 he was appointed by President
Taylor First Auditor of the Treasury, which office he
held until his death, which occurred in Washing-
ton, December 4, 1871. During his protracted resi-
dence in Washington, as an official of the Government
as well as a man, he commanded the highest regard
of the community.
Smith, Truman, — He was born in Roxbury,
i Litchfield County, Connecticut, November 27, 1791 ;
graduated at Yale College in 1815 ; he studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in 1818 ; he was elected
to the State Legislature in 1831, and re-elected in
1832 and 1834 ; in 1839 he was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, and re-elected in 1841, in 1845, and
1847 ; he was also a Presidential Elector in 1844 ; in
1849 he took his seat in the United States Senate for
a full term of six years, resigning in 1854. Of late
years he has been engaged in the practice of his pro-
fession in New York City, and was appointed by
President Lincoln Judge of the Court of Arbitration
in New York, under the Treaty with Great Britain of
1862.
SmitJi, Walter H, — He was born in Ohio, and
in 1871 was appointed an Assistant Attorney-General
of the United States.
Smith, William, — Born in New York, June 25,
1728 ; graduated at Yale College in 1745 ; studied
law and became eminent ; was a Judge of the Su-
preme Court of New York in 1763 ; member of the
Council in 1769 ; adhered to the Royal Government in
the Revolution ; went to England after the Peace of
1783 ; and in 1786 was appointed Chief Justice of
Canada. He wrote " A History of New York " from its
settlement in 1732, which was published in London
in 1757, and re-published with additions in 1814,
which History his son continued to 1768. Died in
New York, December 3, 1793.
Smith,William, — He was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress from Maryland from 1777 to
1778 ; and a Representative under the Constitution
from 1789 to 1791, when he was appointed by Presi-
dent Washington Auditor of the Treasury. In 1792
he was a Presidential Elector. Died in Baltimore,
March 27, 1814, aged eighty-four years.
Smith, William, — He was a Representative in
Congress from South Carolina from 1789 to 1799, and
resigned on being appointed United States Minister
to Portugal by President John Adams.
Smith, William, — He was born in North Caro-
lina, in 1762 ; emigrated to South Carolina, and was
educated at Mount Zion College. He studied law,
and came to the bar in 1792. He was a Senator in
Congress from that State from 1816 to 1823, and again
from 1826 to 1831, officiating on two occasions as
President pro tern, of the Senate. In 1837 he received
the electoral vote of Virginia for Vice-President of the
United States. He served in the Legislature of South
Carolina, and was Judge of the Superior Court of that
State. He was a distinguished supporter of the doc-
trine of State Rights. He was offered a seat on the
Bench of the Supreme Court of the United States, but
declined it. He spent the latter years of his life in
Alabama, and died at Huntsville, in July, 1840.
Smith, William, — Was born in Chesterfield,
Virginia, and was a Representative from that State to
the Nineteenth Congress.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
395
Suiifhf William, — Born in King George County,
Virginia, September 6, 1797. After prosecuting his
studies at Plainfield Academy in Connecticut, and at
private schools in Virginia, he studied law, and com-
menced the practice in 1818. Soon after, he was the
means of establishing a line of post-coaches through
Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia, by which he
made a fortune ; and in 1836 he was elected to the
State Legislature, and re-elected in 1840. He was a
Representative in Congress during the term of 1842
and 1843 ; in 1845 he was elected Governor of Vir-
ginia for three years ; and in 1853 was re-elected a
Representative in Congress, in which position he con-
tinued until the breaking out of the Rebellion in
1861. He was Chairman of the Special Committee
on the Laws of Public Printing, and a member of the
Committee on Territories in the Thirty-sixth Congress.
He subsequently served as a Brigadier-General in the
Virginia army, and was wounded at Antietam.
Stnithy IFilliam Alexcunler, — He was born
in Warren County, North Carolina, January 9, 1828 ;
received a limited education ; was a farmer ; a mem-
ber of the Secession Convention of North Carolina in
1861, of the State Legislature in 1864, of the Consti-
tutional Convention in 1865, of the State Senate in
1870 ; President of the North Carolina Railroad, and
of the Yadkin River Railroad, and appointed receiver
of the Western North Carolina Railroad in 1873. He
was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on
the Committee on Public Expenditures.
StnitJi, William E. — Born in Augusta, Georgia,
March 14, 1829 ; removed with his father to Albany
in that State in 1842 ; received an academic education;
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1848 ; he
was elected Ordinary of Dougherty County in 1853 ;
in 1850 was made Solicitor-General for the South-
western Circuit ; in 1861 he entered the army in the
Fourth Georgia Regiment as First Lieutenant, was
elected Captain in 1862 ; he lost a leg in front of
Richmond, which caused him to retire from the
service, and return to the practice of law. In 1863,
was elected to the Confederate House of Representa-
tives, and continued in that office during its existence,
and then engaged in agricultural pursuits and cotton
planting. In 1874, declined the Judgeship of the
Albany Circuit, and was elected a Representative
from Georgia to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Smith f William H, — He was born in Georgia,
A.pril 9, 1826 ; received an ordinary English educa-
tion ; studied law and came to the bar in 1852 ;
removed to Alabama and was twice elected to the
Legislature ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ;
appointed a Circuit Judge of the State ; and in 1868
was elected for Governor for the term of two years.
Smith, William Loughton, — He was a states-
man of South Carolina ; was a Representative from
South Carolina to Congress from 1789 to 1799 ; and
resigned on being appointed United States Minister to
Portugal by President John Adams ; was Minister to
Spain in 1800 and 1801 ; published an oration July 4,
1796 ; a comparative view of the Constitutions of the
States and the United States in 1797 ; a pamphlet
against the pretensions of Jefferson to the Presidency;
essays signed "Phocian;" address to his constitu-
ents, 1794. His speeches and letters to his constitu-
ents were re-published in London in 1795. Received
the degree of LL.D. Died in 1812.
Smith, William iV. H. — Born in Murfrees-
borough, Hertford County, North Carolina, Septem-
ber 24, 1812 ; graduated at Yale College in 1834 ;
studied law in New Haven for two years, and was
admitted to the bar in 1839 ; in 1840 he was elected a
member of the State House of Commons ; in 1848 to
the State Senate ; before the expiration of his sena-
torial term, he was chosen Solicitor of the First
Judicial District, holding the office for eight years ;
in 1858 he was re-elected to the House of Commons,
but resigned his seat ; and was elected a Representa-
tive from North Carolina to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving as a member of the Committee on Commerce.
He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of
the so-called Confederate Congress. He was also a
Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Con-
vention " of 1866 ; and of the New York Convention
of 1868.
Sinithf William li, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Alabama, his native State, from 1851
to 1855, where he acquired reputation by making a
demonstration against Kossuth. He has chiefiy
devoted himself to literature and law, and has had a
seat on the bench of Alabam.a.
Smithf William Steiihens, — Born in New
York in 1755 ; graduated at New Jersey College in
1774 ; was Aid to General Sullivan in 1776 ; Lieuten-
ant-Colonel of the Thirteenth Massachusetts Regi-
ment from November, 1778, to March, 1779 ; Avas
several times wounded ; was then for a short time
attached to the Staff of Steuben, but left July, 1781,
to become Aid-de-Camp to Washington ; was Secre-
tary of Legation to John Adams in England, 1785 ;
was Surveyor of New York ; three years a member
of the Assembly ; President of the New York Cincin-
nati Society in 1804 ; and a Representative in Congress
from 1813 to 1816. Died at Lebanon, New York,
June 10, 1816.
Smithf Worthington C. — He was born in St.
Albans, Vermont, April 23, 1823 ; graduated at the
University of Vermont in Burlington, 1843 ; studied
law, but abandoned the profession, and became an
iron-merchant and manufacturer ; in 1863 he was
chosen to the Legislature of the State ; in 1864 and
1865 to the State Senate, officiating during the last
session as President of the Senate ; and in 1866 he
was elected a Representative from Vermont to the
Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving on the
Committees on Manufactures, Weights and Measures,
and Banking and Currency.
Smith, W, tT, — He was born in Birmingham,
England ; came to this country when quite young,
and after learning the trade of a painter, settled in
New York city ; when the war with Mexico com-
menced, he went to New Orleans and enlisted in the
army ; after the war, he spent ten years in Memjihis,
following his business, after which he devoted him-
self to agricultural pursuits. During the Rebellion
he was persecuted and arrested on account of his
devotion to the Union cause ; on being released, he
acted as a guide for the troops in Tennessee, and
having enlisted in the Volunteer Army as a private,
rose to the brevet rank of Brigadier-General ; he was
a member of the Convention to re-organize the State
Government in Tennessee ; subsequently elected to
the State Legislature ; in 1867 to the State Senate ;
and in 1868 he was elected a Representative from
Tennessee to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the
Committees on Agriculture, and Public Buildings.
SmitherSf Nathaniel i?.— He was born in
Dover, Delaware, October 8, 1818 ; graduated at La-
fayette College, Pennsylvania, in 1836 ; studied law,
and came to the bar in 1840 ; was Clerk of the Dela-
ware House of Representatives in 1845 and 1847 ; in
January, 1863. he was appointed Secretary of State
for Delaware, which position he resigned ; and was
elected a Representative from Delaware to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elec-
tions. He was a Delegate to the " Baltimore Conven-
39G
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
fion" of 1864; and also to the PhiladelpMa "Loyal-
ists' Convention " of 1866.
Smyth f Alexander, — Born at Island of RatMin.
Ireland, in 1765 ; was a member of the Virginia Leg-
islature ; was appointed a Colonel of Rifles in July,
1808 ; acting Inspector-General, with rank of Briga-
dier-General, July 1812 ; undertook the invasion of
Canada in November, 1812 ; but proved incompetent
and was removed from the army ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Virginia from 1817 to 1825, and
from 1827 to 1830 ; and died in Washington, District
of Columbia, April 26, 1830. He published " Regu-
lations for United States Infantry " 1812, and a pamph-
let on the Apocalypse.
Smyth f Frederiek, — He was Governor of New
Hampshire for two years from 1865 to 1867.
Smyth, George TV, — Born in North Carolina,
and was elected a Representative in Congress from
Texas from 1853 to 1855.
Smyth, William, — Born in Tyrone County, Ire-
land, January 3, 1824 ; received an academic educa-
tion ; came to Pennsylvania in 1838, where he taught
school and was clerk in a store ; removed to Iowa in
1844, and studied law ; from 1848 until 1853, he was
Attorney for Linn County ; was Judge of the same
from 1854 to 1857 ; was appointed in 1858 a Commis-
sioner to codify the State Laws, and also held several
other appointments from the Governor; was a Colonel
of Iowa Volunteers from 1862 to 1864, when he re-
signed ; and was elected a Representative from Iowa
to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees
on Public Lands, and the Militia.
SnapPf H, — He was born in Livingston County,
New York, June 30, 1822 ; educated in Rochester, and
in Homer, Illinois, in 1833 ; studied law in Joliet, ad-
mitted to the bar in 1843, and practiced twenty-five
years ; was elected to the Senate in 1869, and served
until elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on
the Committee on Railways and Canals.
Sneedf William H, — He was born in Tennes-
see, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1855 to 1857.
Snodgrass, John Fryall,— Born in Berkeley
County, Virginia, March 2, 1804 ; was a lawyer by
profession, and practiced in Parkesburg, Virginia ; he
Avas a member of the Virginia "Constitutional Con-
vention " assembled at Richmond in 1850, and was a
Representative in Congress from 1853 until his death,
which occurred while trying a case in court in Parkers-
burg, June 5, 1854.
SnoWf William W, — He was born in Massachu-
setts, and, having removed to New York, was elected
a Representative from that State to the Thirty-second
Congress.
Snow, Zeriibhabel, — He was an early emigrant
to the Territory of Utah, and in 1850 he was appointed
a Judge of the United States Court for that District.
Snowden, tfames Ross. — Bom in Chester, Del-
aware County, Pennsylvania, in 1810 ; was Speaker of
the House of Representatives of the State from 1842
to 1844 ; State Treasurer from 1845 to 1847 ; Treas-
urer of United States Mint from 1847 to 1850, and
Director of the same from 1853 to 1861. Published
" Descriptions of Coins in the United States Mint,"
8vo, 1860 ; " Description of Medals in the United
States Mint," in 1861 ; " The Mint at Philadelphia,"
1861 ; "Coins of the Bible," etc., 1864 ; " The Com
Planter Memorial," 1867 ; author of the Articles on
the Coins of the United States in the National Almanac
of 1873, and many pamphlets on the subject.
Snyder, Adam W, — Born in 1801 ; frequently
served in the State Legislature of Illinois ; was a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1837
to 1839. He was a candidate for Governor of the
State at the time of his death, which occurred at
Belleville, Illinois, May 14, 1842.
Snyder, John, — He was bom in Pennsylvania,
and was elected a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1841 to 1843, and was a member of
the Committee on the Militia.
Snyder, Oliver P, — Born in Missouri, Novem-
ber 13, 1833 ; received an academic education ; re-
moved to Arkansas in 1853 ; was engaged for several
years in scientific and literary pursuits ; studied and
practiced law ; was a member of the General Assem-
bly of Arkansas in 1864 and 1865 ; elected a Delegate
to the State Constitutional Convention in 1867 ; a
Presidential Elector in 1868 ; was elected a mem-
ber of the State Senate for four years ; appointed
one of the three commissioners to revise and re-
arrange the statutes of Arkansas ; was elected to
the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses ; and in
March, 1875, he was appointed Postmaster at Pine
BlufE in Arkansas, In the House he served on the
Committees on Freedmen and the Militia.
Snyder, Simon, — Born in Lancaster County,
Pennsylvania, November 5, 1759 ; rose from the posi-
tion of apprentice to the highest honors of the State ;
was a member of the Convention which formed the
Constitution of Pennsylvania ; was several years
Speaker of the House of Representatives ; and in 1818
a member of the State Senate. He was Governor
from 1808 to 1817. Died at Selim's Grove, in North-
umberland County, November 9, 1819.
Sollers, Augitstus R, — Bom in Maryland, and
was elected a Representative in Congress from his
native State from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1853
to 1855 ; and was a Presidential Elector in 1856.
Solomon, Edward, — He was Governor of Wis-
consin from 1861 to 1863.
Somes, Daniel E, — He was a Representative
from Maine in the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as
a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures.
From 1855 to 1857, he was Mayor of Biddeford ; and
from 1856 to 1858, President of the City Bank of that
city. He was also a member of the ' ' Peace Con-
gress " of 1861 ; and subsequently settled in Wash-
ington as a Claim Agent. Declined all appeals for
information.
Soule, Kathan, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1831 to 1833. He was
also a member of the State Assembly from Onondaga
in 1837.
SoulS, Pierre, — Born at Castillion, in the Pyre-
nees, during the First Consulate of Napoleon. He
was destined for the church, and in 1^16 was sent to
the Jesuit's College at Toulouse. He was afterwards
sent to complete his studies at Bordeaux. At the age
of fifteen he took part in a conspiracy against the
Bourbons, and, the plot having been discovered, he
was obliged to take refuge in a little village of Na-
varre, where he remained for more than a year, fol-
lowing the occupation of a shepherd. He was per-
mitted to return to Bordeaux ; but he longed for a
more exciting scene of action, and accordingly repaired
to Paris. Here, in conjunction with Barthelemy and
Mery, he established a paper advocating liberal Rep
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
39^
ublican sentiments. This soon brought him under
the eye of the authorities, and he was put upon his
trial. His advocate appealed to the clemency of the
court in behalf of the prisoner on the score of his
youth. This line of defense did not suit the prisoner,
who rose from his seat and addressed the court, de-
nying the criminality of his opinions and conduct.
His eloquence did not save him from St. Pelagie,
whence he succeeded in making his escape to Eng-
land. Disappointed in his expectations of obtaining
a situation in Chili, which had been promised him,
and finding himself alone in a strange country, wholly
ignorant of the language, he returned to France. At
Havre he met a friend, a Captain in the French Navy,
who advised him to seek an asylum in the United
States, and offered him a passage in his ship as far as
St. Domingo. He accepted the proposition, and ar-
rived at Port-au-Prince in September, 1825. From
this place he took passage to Baltimore, and finally
removed to New Orleans in the fall of 1825. Having
determined to make the law his profession, he first
applied himself assiduously to the study of English,
and passed his examination for the bar in that lan-
guage, and was admitted. In 1847 he was elected a
Senator in Congress from Louisiana, to fill a vacancy,
and was re-elected in 1849 for the term of six years,
but resigned in 1853. In 1853 he was appointed by
President Pierce Minister to Spain. In 1862 he was
arrested in New Orleans for disloyalty to the Govern-
ment, and, after an imprisonment of some months in
Fort Lafayette, he was released on condition that he
would not return to Louisiana until the end of the
Rebellion. Died in New Orleans, March 26, 1870,
aged sixty-nine years.
Southard, Henry, — Born on Long Island, Octo-
ber, 1749. When he was eight years of age his father
removed to Baskinridge, in the Colony of New Jersey.
He received but an ordinary education, and as a day
laborer earned the money to buy a farm. He took an
active part in the Revolutionary war, and, after the
adoption of the Constitution, served nine years in the
State Legislature, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from New Jersey from 1801 to 1811, and from
1815 to 1821. A short time before retiring from Con-
gress he met his son in a joint committee, and they
voted together on the Missouri Compromise. He died
June 2, 1842. He was a man of superior talents and
remarkable memory.
Soitthardf Isaac, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New Jersey from 1831 to 1833. Died
September 18, 1850.
Southard f Milton I, — He was born in Licking
County, Ohio ; graduated at Denison University, Ohio,
in 1861 ; studied law, and admitted to the bar in
1863 ; was elected Attorney for Muskingum County
in 1867, 1869 and 1871 ; and was elected to the Forty-
third Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-fourth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Mines and
Mining and on the Treasury Department. In Decem-
ber, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Territories.
Southard, Samuel L, — Was the son of Henry
Southard ; born in Baskinridge, New Jersey, June 9,
1787. He graduated at Princeton in 1804, and soon
afterwards removed to Virginia, where he was ad-
mitted to the bar. In 1811 he returned to his native
State, and rose to a high position as a lawyer. He
was, for several years, Deputy- Attorney, and in 1814
was admitted as Counselor-at-law, and appointed
Law Reporter by the Legislature. In 1815 he was
elected to the Legislature, and, in a week after tak-
ing his seat, was placed on the bench of the Supreme
Cour.t of New Jersey. In 1820 he was a Presidential
Elector ; in 1821 he was elected a Senator in Congress,
serving as President pro tern, of that body ; remained
there until 1823, when he was appointed, by Presi-
dent Monroe, Secretary of the Navy ; he was also act-
ing Secretary of the Treasury, and for a short period
acting Secretary of War. In 1822 he was elected a
Trustee of Nassau Hall, and also of the Theological
Seminary of Princeton. In 1830 he was elected At-
torney-General of the State ; and in 1832 was Gov-
ernor of the State. In 1833 he was re-elected to the
United States Senate, and served until 1842, and, on
the death of President Harrison, he became the Presi
dent of the Senate. He is remembered in New
Jersey as the "favorite son" of that State. He died
at Fredericksburg, Virginia, June 26, 1842.
Southgate, William W, — Born in Kentucky,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1837 to 1839, and a Presidential Elector in 1840
and 1845.
Spaight, Hichard £>, — He commenced his
academic studies in Ireland, and finished his educa-
cation at the University of Glasgow. He joined the
American Army in 1778, as aid-de-camp to General
Caswell, and was at the battle of Camden in 1780 ; in
1781 he entered the House of Commons of North Car-
olina ; from 1782 to 1784 was a member of the Conti-
nental Congress, and also during the years 1785 and
1786 ; and he was one of the Delegates to form the
Constitution of the United States, to which his
name is appended. He was a Presidential Elector in
1797 ; in 1792 he was again elected to the Local Leg-
islature, and was the same year elected Governor of
North Carolina. He was a Representative in Congress
from 1798 to 1801, after which he was elected to the
State Senate. On Sunday, September 5, 1802, he
fought a duel with the Honorable John Stanley, was
wounded in the side, and died in about twenty hours.
Spaight, Richa^^d JD, — He was the son of the
above, and born in Newbern, North Carolina, in 1796 ;
he graduated at the University of that State in 1815 ;
studied law ; served four years in the State Legisla-
ture ; was a Representative in Congress from 1823 to
1825 ; he subsequently served ten years in the State
Senate, and was Governor of North Carolina in 1835
and 1836. After retirirg from that office, he declined
all public positions, and devoted himself to agricultu-
ral pursuits ; he died in 1850.
Spalding, JRufns JPaine, — ^He was born in
West Tisbury, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts,
May 3, 1797. Went with his father, Rufus Spalding,
to Connecticut when young ; received the rudiments
of his education at the Plainfield and Colchester
Academies ; graduated at Yale College in 1817 ; stud-
ied law, and, removing to Ohio, commenced the prac-
tice of his profession in Trumbull County in 1821 ; in
1839 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature; re-elected
in 1841, and was Speaker of the House ; in 1849 he
was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court for seven
years, and held the position for three years, until the
new State Constitution was adopted, when he re-
moved to Cleveland, and resumed the practice of law.
In 1862 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to
the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Commit-
tees on Naval Affairs and Revolutionary Pensions.
Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Appropriations and the Bankrupt
Law. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving
on the Committees on the Library and Revision of
United States Laws. He subsequently declined all
political honors.
Spalding, Thomas,— Re was a Representative
in Congress from Georgia from 1805 to 1806.
Spangler, David, — He was a Representative in
398
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Congress, from Ohio, from 1833 to 1837, and in 1844
was nominated by tlic Whig party for Governor of
the State, but declined the nomination. He died in
Coshocton, Ohio, October 18, 1856.
Spangler^ Jacob, — Born in 1768 ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from Peimsylvania, in 1813,
when he resigned, and from 1816 to 1818, and was
subsequently Surveyor-General of the State. Died
at York, Pennsylvania, June 17, 1843.
SparJcs, William A, J, — Born near New Al-
bany, Indiana, November 19, 1828 ; removed with his
parents to Illinois in 1836 ; attended country schools,
labored on a farm, and taught school ; graduated at
McKendree College, Illinois ; studied law and was
admitted to the bar in 1850 ; was United States Land
Office Receiver from 1853 to 1856 ; was Presidential
Elector in 1856 ; was a member of the State Legisla-
ture in 1857 and 1858 ; State Senator in 1863 and
1864 ; was a Delegate to the National Democratic
Convention at New York in 1868 ; and was elected a
Representative from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
Spaulditig, Elbridge G» — He was born at
Summer Hill, Cayuga County, New York, February
24, 1809 ; was educated at Auburn Academy; taught
school, studied law, and was admitted to practice in
Genesee County. In 1834 he removed to Buffalo, and
in 1836 was Attorney of the Supreme Court of New
York, and also Solicitor in Chancery, and in 1839 was
Counselor of the same. In 1836 he was appointed
City Clerk of Buffalo ; in 1841 he was Alderman, and
in 1847 was elected Mayor. In 1848 he was a mem-
ber of the Assembly of the State ; and from 1849 to
1851 he was a Representative in Congress, serving on
tho Committee on Foreign Relations. In 1853 he
was elected Treasurer of the State of New York, and
was a member of the Canal Board for two years, and
is now President of the Farmers' and Mechanics'
Bank of Genesee, at Buffalo. He was also elected to
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of
the Committee on Ways and Means. Re-elected to
the Thirty-seventh Congress.
Speedf e/awies.— Was born in Jefferson County,
Kentucky, March 11, 1812 ; graduated at St. Joseph's
College, in that State ; was for a time employed in
the office of the Clerk of the Circuit and County
Courts ; studied law at Transylvania University, and,
on being admitted to the bar, settled in the practice
at Louisville, in 1853. In 1847 he was elected to the
State Legislature ; in 1861 he was elected to the State
Senate ; and in November, 1864, he was appointed,
by President Lincoln, Attorney-General of the United
States, which office he resigned in July, 1866, and re-
sumed the practice of his profession. He was also a
Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention "
of 1866, of which he was President.
Speedf Thomas, — He was a Representative in
Congress, from Kentucky, from 1817 to 1819.
SpeeVf Robert 3Iilfon, — He was born in Cass-
ville, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, September
8. 1838 ; was well educated ; studied law, and admitted
to the bar in 1859, at Huntingdon ; was Assistant
Clerk of the House of Representatives of Pennsylva-
nia in 1863 ; was a Delegate to the Democratic Na-
tional Convention at Baltimore in 1872 : and elected
to the Forty-second and Forty -third Congresses, serv-
ing on the Committee on Elections.
Speight, Jesse, — Born in Greene County, North
Carolina, September 22, 1795. His education was
limited, but his natural abilities were of a high or-
der. In 1822 he was a member of the HouKse of Com-
mons ; in 1823, of the Senate, where he continued
until 1827, officiating several years as Speaker ; and
he was a Representative in Congress, from North
Carolina, from 1829 to 1837. He declined a re-elec-
tion ; removed to Mississippi ; was elected to the Leg
islature there, and made Speaker ; and from 1845 to
1847 was a Senator in Congress from his adopted
State. He died at Columbus, Mississippi, May 5,
1847.
Sjyencef Carroll, — He was a citizen of Maryland ;
and in 1853 he was appointed Minister Resident to
Turkey, and in 1855 was empowered to negotiate a
treaty with the Government of Persia.
Spencef John S, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress, from Maryland, from 1837 to 1840, and a Rep-
resentative from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1831 to
1833. Died October 29, 1840.
SpeneCf Thomas A, — He graduated at Yale
College in 1829 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1840 ;
and was elected a Representative in Congress, from
Maryland, from 1843 to 1845.
Spencer f Ambrose, — Born in Salisbury, Con-
necticut, December 13, 1765 ; in 1779 entered Yale
College, and remained three years, but graduated at
Harvard University in 1783 ; studied law, and settled
at Hudson, New York. He was a member of the As-
sembly in 1793 ; from 1795 to 1798 State Senator ; in
1796 Assistant Attorney-General of the Counties of
Columbia and Rensselaer, and a member of the Coun-
cil of Appointment ; in 1802 was Attorney-General
for the State ; in 1804 was chosen Judge ; in 1809 was
a Presidential Elector ; and in 1810 became Chief -Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court of the State. In 1823 he
retired from the bench and was engaged at the bar,
and was elected a Representative in Congress from
New York from 1829 to 1831. He was also Mayor of
Albany one term. He retired to the village of Lyons
in 1839, and engaged in agricultural pursuits ; and
in 1844 w^as President of the "National Whig Con-
vention" at Baltimore. He died at Lyons, March 13,
1848.
Spencpr, Elijah, — He was born in Columbia
County, New York, and was a member of the New
York Assembly in 1819 ; and a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1821 to 1823.
Spencer, George E, — Born in Jefferson County,
New York, November 1, 1835 ; educated at the Mon-
treal College, in Canada ; studied law, and came to
the bar of Iowa in 1856 ; was Secretary of the Iowa
Senate in 1858 ; entered the army as a Captain in
1862 ; recruited the First Cavalry Regiment of Ala-
bama in 1863 ; commanded a brigade of cavalry on
Sherman's grand march ; was brevetted a Brigadier-
General "for gallantry in the field;" resigned in
1865 ; in 1867 he was appointed a Register in Bank-
ruptcy for the Fourth District of Alabama ; and in
1868 he was elected a Senator in Congress from that
State for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Com-
mittees on Commerce, Pensions, Military Affairs, and
the District of Columbia. Re-elected for the term end-
ing in 1879.
Spencer^ James B, — He served as a Captain in
the war of 1812, and was in several engagements ; he
was in the Legislature of New York in 1831 and 1832 ;
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1837 to 1839. He subsequently held the various
positions of Elector, Magistrate, County Judge, Col-
lector, and Indian Agent. He died at Fort Covington,
New York, in March, 1848.
Spencer, John C, — He was bom in Hudson, New
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
399
York, January 8, 1787. He entered Williams College,
but soon went to Union College, where he graduated
in 1806. President Nott was then at the head of the
college, and one of the last professional acts of Mr.
Spencer was to defend in court the President's admin-
istration, for many years, of the affairs of the college.
Mr. Spencer was admitted to the bar in 1809, and
opened an office in Canandaigua. He lived in Canan-
daigua until 1845, when he removed to Albany, where
he resided until his death. He was Private Secretary
to Governor Daniel D. Tompkins, and, at the age of
nineteen, became connected with public affairs, and,
from that time until his last illness, no prominent
public event occurred in whichihe did not take an in-
terest. In 1811 he was made Master in Chancery ; in
1813 he was Brigade Judge-Advocate, in active service
on the frontier ; in 1814 he was appointed Postmaster
of Canandaigua ; in 1815 was Assistant Attorney-Gen-
eral for the western part of the State ; in 1816 was
elected to Congress, where he remained two years.
While there he was one of the Committee who exam-
ined into the affairs of the United States Bank, and
their report was drawn by his hand. In 1820 he was
first elected to the Assembly, and was chosen Speak-
er. The next year he was returned, but was in the
minority. In 1824 he was elected to the State Senate
and served four years. He joined the anti -Masonic
party, and was appointed, by Governor Van Buren,
Special Attorney-General, under the law passed for
that purpose, to prosecute those connected with the
alleged abduction of Morgan. In 1832 he was again
elected to the Assembly. In 1839 he was appointed
Secretary of State and Superintendent of Common-
Schools, and did much to reduce them to a system.
He served for two years. He was appointed Regent
of the University in 1840. In October, 1841, he was
made Secretary of War by President Tyler, and in
March, 1843, was transferred to the Treasury Depart-
ment, but resigned in 1844, from his opposition to the
annexation of Texas. Mr. Spencer was a successful
lawyer, but he achieved his highest fame from his
connection with the Revision of the Statutes of New
York. Not content with merely preparing the Stat-
utes, he followed them up with a series of Essays,
explaining their purposes. So great confidence was
placed in him by the people, that he was selected to
revise the whole body of the Law of the State ; but
his advancing age compelled him to decline the task.
He was industrious, and a man of intellect and intense
energy. He died at Albany, May 18, 1855.
Spencer^ Joseph. — Born at East Haddam, Con-
necticut, in 1714 ; was Judge of Probate in 1753 ;
joined the Northern Army in 1758 as Major under
Colonel Whiting, and as Lieutenant-Colonel in the
two following campaigns ; was elected a member of
the Council in 1766 ; appointed Brigadier-General in
the Continental Army in 1775 ; Major-General in
1776 ; was in the expedition against Rhode Island in
1778, and assisted in Sullivan's retreat ; resigned June
14, 1778, in consequence of an order given by Congress
to inquire into the reasons of the failure on his part
to carry out the plan of the expedition against the
British in Rhode Island, the preceding year. He
was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1778
and 1779 ; in 1780 was again elected to the Council,
and annually re-elected till his death. He was highly
esteemed by Washington. Died at East Haddani,
Connecticut, January 13, 1789.
Spencer, JRichard, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Maryland from 1829 to 1831.
Spinkf S, L, — Born in Whitehall, New York,
March 20, 1831 ; educated at the Castleton Academy,
in Vermont ; taught school, for several years, in New
England, New York, and Maryland ; studied law, and
came to the bar in Iowa in 1856 ; in 1860 he removed
to Illinois, and conducted the Prairie Beacon at Paris,
as proprietor ; was elected to the State Legislature in
1864 ; was appointed Secretary of Dakota Territory
by President Lincoln, the day preceding his assassin-
ation, and continued in office until 1869, when he was
elected the Delegate from Dakota to the Forty-first
Congress.
Spinner f Francis E, — Born in the town of
German Flats, Herkimer County, New York (where
the village of Mohawk now stands), January 21, 1802 ,
and received most of his instruction from his father,
who was a highly educated German clergyman. For
twenty years he was the executive officer of the Mo-
hawk Valley Bank ; he held all the Commissions,
from the Governors of New York, from a Lieutenant
to a Major-General of the State artillery ; was County
Sheriff, and Commissioner for building the State Lu-
natic Asylum. From 1845 to 1849 he was Auditor in
the Naval Office at New York ; and in 1854 was elected
a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and
was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, serving as a mem-
ber of the Committee on Accounts. He was re-elected
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of
the Committee on Accounts. In 1861 he was ap-
pointed by President Lincoln United States Treasurer,
and continued in the position until 1875.
SpraguCf Peleg. — He was born December 10,
1756 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1783 ; and
was a Representative in Congress, from New Hamp-
shire, from 1797 to 1799. Died in 1800. He was a
lawyer by profession.
Spojfordf Ainsivorth Hand. — Born at Gil-
manton. New Hampshire, September 12, 1825 ; re-
ceived a classical education by private tuition, his
father being a clergyman, and at the age of sixteen
went into the business of bookselling and publish-
ing in Cincinnati. In 1859 he became associate edi-
tor of the Daily Commercial, of that city. In 1861 was
appointed First Assistant Librarian in the Library
of Congress at Washington, and in 1865 became Libra-
rian-in-Chief. Under his administration of that trust,
the National Library has grown from ninety thousand
to two hundred and eighty thousand volumes, and
the amendment of the law of Copyright has been ef-
fected, through which the whole business of record-
ing and authenticating copyright is transferred to
Washington, instead of being scattered through the
District Courts of the States. As a result, the Gov
ernment secures a complete deposit of all copyright
publications, and the citizen can rely on finding (with
few and unimportant exceptions) every book pub-
lished in the United States.
Sprague, Peleg, — He was born in Duxbury,
Massachusetts, in 1792 ; graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity with honor in 1812 ; and, having adopted the
profession of law, settled in the practice first at Au-
gusta, Maine, and then at Hallowell ; he was a mem-
ber of the Maine Legislature in 1821 and 1822 ; a
Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1825
to 1829 ; and a Senator in Congress from 1829 to 1835.
On completing his senatorial term he settled in Bos-
ton, and in 1841 he was appointed Judge of the Dis-
trict Court of the United States for Massachusetts,
which office he resigned in 1865. In 1841 he was also
a Presidential Elector. In 1847 he received from
Harvard University the degree of Doctor of Laws.
Living in Boston in 1875.
Spragiie, William. — He was born in Cranston,
Rhode Island, in 1800. Wlien quite young he was
elected to the General Assembly, and in 1832 was
chosen Speaker of the House. In 1835 he was chosen
a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island,
and declined a re-election. He was Governor of
400
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Rhode Island, in 1838 and 1839, and in 1842 was elect-
ed to the United States Senate, serving two years.
In 1849 he was Presidential Elector, and a member
of the State Assembly at the time of his death, which
occurred in Providence, October 19, 1856.
Spraguef William, — He was born in Rhode
Island, and, removing to Michigan, was a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851;
and died soon afterwards.
Spragne, IVtlliam, — Was born in Cranston,
Rhode Island, September 11, 1730, his ancestors hav-
ing been for several generations honorably associated
with the manufacturing business of New England ;
was educated chiefly at the Irving Institute, Tarry-
town, New York, and subsequently spent several
years in the counting-room of an uncle, on the death
of whom one of the largest manufacturing interests
in the country came into his possession. Having a
taste for military affairs, he joined an artillery com-
pany in Providence in his eighteenth year, and be-
came a Colonel ; in 1859 he visited Europe, and was
friendly to the cause and person of Garibaldi. In
1861 he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, and,
on the breaking out of the Rebellion, he took a great
interest in the national cause ; was with the troops of
Rhode Island at the first battle of Bull Run ; and in
1863 he was elected a Senator in Congress from
Rhode Island for the term ending in 1869, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures, and as
a member of the Committees on Commerce and Mili-
tary Affairs. He is also President of several banks,
and, when at home, takes an active part as Director
in various Insurance Companies. He was a Delegate
to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866,
and also to the " Soldiers' Convention " at Pittsburg.
His uncle, bearing the same name, was also a Sena-
tor in Congress. Re-elected to the Senate in 1868, for
the term ending in 1875, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Public Lands.
Sprague, William P, — He was bom in Mor-
gan County, Ohio, May 21, 1827 ; received a good edu-
cation ; engaged in mercantile pursuits ; was Presi-
dent of the First National Bank of McConnellsville ;
a member of the State Senate of Ohio in 1860 and
1862 ; and was elected to the Forty-second and Forty-
third Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revo-
lutionary Pensions and Public Buildings and Grounds.
Sprigg, James C, — Born in Maryland, and was
elected a Representative in Congress from Kentucky
from 1841 to 1843.
Sprigg, Michael C. — He was frequently a mem-
ber of the Maryland Legislature ; at one time Presi-
dent of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal ; was a Presi-
dential Elector in 1820 ; and a Representative in Con-
gress from 1827 to 1831. He died at Cumberland,
Maryland, in December, 1845.
Sprigg^ HicJiai^d, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland from 1796 to 1799, and from
1801 to 1803.
Sprigg, Samuel, — He was bom in Maryland,
and elected Governor of that State in 1819, remaining
in office until 1833.
Sprigg, TJiomas, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland from 1793 to 1796.
Sprigg, William, — He was a native of Mary-
land, and well educated ; in 1805 he was appointed by
President Jefferson United States Judge for the Ter-
ritory of Michigan ; in 1806, transferred to the same
position in Orleans ; in 1813, to Louisiana ; in 1813 to
the Territory of Illinois ; and on the admission of
Missouri into the Union as a State he received the ap-
pointment of District Judge for that State, but held it
only for a short time.
Springer, William M, — Born in Sullivan Coun-
ty, Indiana, May 30, 1836 ; removed with his parents to
Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1848 ; graduated at Indiana
University, Bloomington, in 1858 ; studied law, and
was admitted to practice in 1859 ; in 1862, settled in
Springfield, Illinois, where he has since practiced his
profession ; in 1862 was Secretary of the Illinois Con-
stitutional Convention ; was a member of the Legisla-
ture in 1871 and 1872 ; and was elected a Representa-
tive from Illinois to the Forty-fourth Congress. In
December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the
Committee on Expenditures in the State Depart-
ment.
Sx>ruancef Presley. — He was bora in Dela-
ware in 1785 ; was devoted to mercantile pursuits ;
served in the State Senate, and was President of that
body ; and was a Senator in Congress from Delaware
from 1847 to 1853. Died in Smyrna, Delaware, Feb-
ruary 13, 1863.
Squier, JEphraim George, — Bom in Bethle-
hem, New York, June 17, 1821 ; graduated at Prince-
ton College in 1848 ; in his youth he worked on a farm
in summer and taught school in winter ; he next pub-
lished a village newspaper, and studied civil engineer-
ing ; in 1841 and 1842 he was associated with the
Neio York State Mechanic, at Albany ; published a
volume on the Chinese in 1843 ; edited the Hartford
Daily Journal from 1843 to 1845 ; from 1845 to 1848
edited the Scioto Gazette, at Chillicothe ; was Clerk of
the Legislature in 1847 and 1848. He investigated the
aboriginal monuments of the Mississippi valley, the
results of which were published in the first volume of
Smithsonian "Contributions to Knowledge," and in
the Transactions of the Ethnological Society ; in
1849 " Aboriginal Monuments of the State of New
York, from Original Surveys and Explorations." In
1848 was Charge d' Affaires to Central America ; and
as Secretary of the Honduras Inter-Oceanic Railway
Company, he went again to Central America in 1853.
His observations are found in his " Nicaragua, its
People, Scenery, and Monuments," in 1852; "Notes
on Central America," 1854; "Waikna," 1855;
"Question Anglo- Americaine," Paris, 1856 ; the
" States of Central America," in 1857 ; " Monographs
of Authors who have written on the Aboriginal Lan-
guages of Central America," in 1861 ; " Tropical
Fibers and their Economic Extraction," with other
publications on that region. Received the medal
from the Geographical Society of France, and is a
member of various scientific and literary societies,
and the editor of Frank Leslie's publications ; was
United States Commissioner to Peru in 1863 and 1864 ;
First President of the Anthropological Institute of
New York, in 1871.
SfallworfJif tTames A, — Bom in Conecuh
County, Alabama, April 7, 1822. He received an
academic education ; studied law ; serving in the
Legislature during the years 1845, 1846, 1847, and
1848 ; was twice elected Solicitor for his District ; and
was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress, serving as a member of the Committee on Com-
merce. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, but
withdrew in February, 1861, to take part in the Rebel-
lion.
Stanard, Eclivin O, — He was bom in Newport,
New Hampshire, January 5, 1832 ; removed to the
Territory of Iowa with his parents ; received a com-
mon-school education, and went to St. Louis ; taught
school three winters in Illinois, and attended school in
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
401
that city during the summer ; in 1855 obtained a clerk-
ship ; and in 1856 opened a commission house, and
soon had branch houses in Chicago and New Orleans ;
in 1865 went also into the milling business ; was
elected Lieutenant-Governor of the State in 1868, and
was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on
the Committee on Commerce.
Stanardf Mohert, — Was a distinguished mem-
ber of the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829
and 1830 ; represented Richmond for several sessions
in the House of Delegates ; and was eminent at the
bar of that city when he was elevated to the bench of
the Court of Appeals. Died in Richmond, Virginia,
May 13, 1846, aged sixty-six years.
Stanhery f Henry, — He was born in the City
of New York, February 20, 1803 ; emigrated to Ohio
in 1814 ; graduated at Washington College, Pennsyl-
vania, in September, 1819 ; studied law, and came to
the bar of Ohio in May, 1824, and to the bar of the
United States Supreme Court in December, 1832 ;
was elected by the Assembly of Ohio the first Attor-
ney-General of that State in 1846 ; and in July, 1866,
was appointed by President Johnson Attorney-General
of the United States. His domicile is on the Kentucky
side of the Ohio River, opposite Cincinnati, but his
office has hitherto been in that city, and his profes-
sional business in Ohio. On March 12, 1868, he
resigned the position of Attorney-General, for the
purpose of defending President Andrew Johnson dur-
ing his Impeachment trial.
Stanberryf William, — Born in Essex County,
New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress
from Ohio from 1827 to 1833. He resided in Licking
County. He is remembered as the member upon
whom a personal assault was made for words uttered
in debate, by Sam Houston in 1832.
Standeford^ Elisha J). — He was born in Jef-
ferson County, Kentucky, December 28, 1831 ; re-
ceived a good education ; studied medicine, and grad-
uated in 1853 ; was a banker, manufacturer, and
farmer ; elected to the State Senate in 1868 and 1871 ;
and to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on the Pacific Railroad.
StandifeVf Jatnes, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Tennessee from 1823 to 1825, and
again from 1829 to 1837. He died near Kingston,
Tennessee, August 24, 1836.
Stanford, Leland, — Born near Albany, New
York, March 9, 1824 ; had a common-school educa-
tion ; was admitted to the bar in 1849 ; practiced in
Port Washington, Michigan, until 1852 ; became a
merchant in Sacramento, California ; was a Delegate
to the Chicago Convention in 1860 : Governor of Cali-
fornia from 1862 to 1864 ; is President of the Pacific
Railroad Company ; and is largely interested in rail-
road and manufacturing enterprises in California.
Stanford^ Hichard. — He was a Representative
in Congress from North Carolina from 1797 to 1816.
Died April 9, 1816, in Georgetown, District of Colum-
bia, aged forty-seven years.
Stanley f Edward, — Born in North Carolina ;
received a portion of his education at the Military
Academy at Middletown, Connecticut ; studied law ;
served three years in the House of Commons of North
Carolina, and was Speaker of that body. Was a Rep-
resentative from North Carolina in the Twenty-fifth,
Twenty-sixth, Twenty-seventh, Thirtieth, Thirty-
first, and Thirty-second Congresses, serving on the
Committee on Ways and Means, and as a leader of his
party in debate. He removed to California, where he
26
devoted himself to the law. He was recalled from
there by President Lincoln in 1862, to assume the
duties of Military Governor of North Carolina. He
acted in this capacity for some months, when he re-
signed, and returned to California. Died at San
Francisco, July 26, 1872.
Stanley f John, — He was born in North Carolina ;
was a distinguished member of the Legislature of
North Carolina ; and a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1801 to 1803, and again from
1809 to 1811. He was an able and eloquent debater,
greatly respected for his talents and private character.
While delivering a speech in the Legislature in 1826,
he was arrested by an attack of hemiplegy, from the
effects of which he suffered until his death, August 3,
1834, at Newbern, North Carolina.
Stanshuryf Howard, — Was born in New York
City, February 8, 1806 ; was a civil engineer by pro-
fession, and was engaged in various surveys of West-
ern rivers, and in 1835 had charge of a number of
public works in Indiana ; in 1838 was appointed First
Lieutenant of United States Topographical Engineer
Corps ; in 1841 was engaged on a survey of the Great
Lakes ; from 1842 to 1845 was in charge of a survey
of the harbor of Portsmouth, New Hampshire ; in
1847 was charged with the construction of an iron
light-house on Gary's Fort Reef, Florida, the largest
light-house on the coast ; from 1849 to 1851 was en-
gaged in the Great Salt Lake Expedition, and pub-
lished a report of the same ; in 1852 and 1853 was en-
gaged upon the lake harbors ; in 1856 was assigned to
the charge of the military roads in Minnesota ; and at
the time of his death held the position of mustering
and disbursing oflBcer at Madison. He died at Mad-
ison, Wisconsin, April 17, 1863.
Stanton, Benjaftiin, — Born at Mount Pleasant,
Jefferson County, Ohio, June 4, 1809. He lived on a
farm until the age of seventeen, and then worked at
the trade of a tailor until he was twenty-one. He
studied law, and settled in Belief ontaine, Ohio, in
April, 1834, where he practiced his profession. He
was elected to the State Senate in 1841 ; resigned in
1842, but was re-elected the same year. In 1850 he
was a Delegate to the Ohio "Constitutional Conven-
tion," and in October of that year, was elected to the
House of Representatives of the Thirty-second Con-
gress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth and
Thirty-fifth Congresses ; and was one of the Regents
of the Smithsonian Institution, and a member of the
Committee on Military Affairs. He was also re-
elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chair-
man of the Committee on Military Affairs. In 1862
he was Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio.
Stanton, Edwin M, — He was born in Stuben-
ville, Ohio, December 19, 1814 ; graduated at Kenyon
College ; studied law, and having commenced its
practice at Cadiz, Ohio, subsequently settled in Bis
native town. In 1842 he was elected by the Legisla-
ture, Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Courts
of the State, which office he held for three years.. In
1848 he formed a law partnership at Pittsburg,, but
continued his business before the courts of Ohiou.
Soon after that he began to be much employed in the
Supreme Court of the United States, which compelled
him to remove to Washington in 1857 ; in 1858 he was
sent by the Government to California to defend its in- ■
terests in certain important land cases in that Stat&;
in December, 1860, he went into President Buchanan's
Cabinet as Attorney-General, holding that office until
the close of the Administration, when he resumed the
practice of his profession ; and in January, 1862, he
was appointed by President Lincoln Secretary of War,
and was continued in that position by President John-
ton until August 12, 1867, when he was suspended
402
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
as Secretary by the President, but, by order of the
Senate was reinstated in office, January 14, 1868. On
the 21st of February following, President Johnson
made a second effort to remove him, but, by the di-
rection of the Senate, he continued in office. Resigned
ia May, 1868. In 1867 he received from Yale College
the degree of LL.D. In 1869 he was appointed a
Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States,
but died December 24 of the same year.
SfantoUf Frederick JP, — Born in the District
of Columbia ; as a boy, worked with his father at the
business of bricklaying ; and was elected a Represent-
ative in Congress from Tennessee from 1845 to 1855.
He was also appointed Governor of the Territory of
Kansas in 1858 ; he subsequently settled in Washing-
ton City as a lawyer. His brother, Richard H. , was
also a member of Congress.
Stanton, Joseph, — Born in Rhode Island, and
was for many years a leading politician. He was a
Senator in Congress from Rhode Island from 1790 to
1793, and a Representative in Congress from 1801 to
1807.
Stanton, HicJiat^d M, — Born in Alexandria,
Virginia, September 9, 1812 ; educated at the Hallo-
well Academy in that place ; under instructions from
his father, acquired the trade of a bricklayer ; in 1835
he removed to Maysville, Kentucky, where he studied
law ; came to the bar, and practiced his profession ;
and in 1845 he was appointed Postmaster of Mays-
ville ; in 1849 he was elected a Representative in Con-
gress, where he served through three terms, until
1855, acting as Chairman of the Committee on Public
Buildings, and taking a leading part in securing the
appropriations for the extension of the Capitol, the
old dome of which having been removed on a motion
that he made. He was also Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Elections, and of several Special Committees ;
and when passing down Pennsylvania Avenue with
his colleagues, had a habit of pointing out the various
houses, the bricks of which had been laid by his own
hands. In 1856 he was a Presidential Elector, and a
Delegate to the "National Union Convention ; " in 1858
he was elected State Attorney for his District ; and in
1868 he was a Delegate to the New York National
Convention ; and elected a District Judge, which he
held for six years. Subsequently, under the patron-
age of the State, he edited the "Revised Statutes of
Kentucky," and a "Code of Practice," and wrote
several other law books which were popular.
Staples, William Head, — Born in Providence,
Rhode Island, October 10, 1798 ; graduated at Bro\ATi
University in 1817 ; was admitted to the bar in 1819 ;
was Associate Judge of the Superior Court of Rhode
Island from 1835 to 1854 ; Chief Justice of that court
in 1854 and 1856 ; was Secretary and Treasurer of the
Rhode Island Society for the encouragement of Do-
mestic Industry, from 1856 till his death, and a con-
tributor of biographies to its transactions. One of
the founders of the Rhode Island Historical Society ;
many years its Librarian and Secretary, and was
alsoVice-President, and edited its second volume of
"Collections;" contributing to the fifth volume,
" Annals of Providence." He also published " Docu-
mentary History of the Destruction of the Gaspe " in
1845; "Proceedings of the First General Assembly
for the Incorporation of Providence Plantations, etc."
in 1647. 8vo, in 1847 ; "Rhode Island Book of Forms "
in 1859; "History of the State Convention of
1790 ; " " History of the Criminal Law of Rhode
Island." "Rhode Island in the Continental Congress
from 1765 to 1790;" edited "Gorton's Simplicities
Defense " in 1835. Died in Providence, October 19,
1868.
Starkf benjamin. — Born in the City of New
Orleans, June 26, 1820 ; received an academic educa-
tion in New London, Connecticut, and a commercial
education in the City of New York. In 1845 he set-
tled in Oregon, and established commercial relations
with the Sandwich Islands, and with California when
a Mexican Province ; in 1850 he abandoned commer-
cial pursuits ; studied law, and came to the bar in
1851 ; in 1852 he was a member of the Territorial
Legislature of Oregon ; in 1860 of the State Legisla-
ture of that State ; and he was a Senator in Congress
from Oregon during a part of the years 1861 and 1862,
in the Thirty-seventh Congress. In 1845 he erected in
Portland, Oregon, his present residence, the first
building, which was a log trading-house. He was
also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention" of 1864,
and the New York Convention of 1868.
Starkweather , David A, — Bom in Connecti-
cut ; a lawyer by profession ; and was elected a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Ohio from 1839 to 1841,
and again from 1845 to 1847. He was also a Presi-
dential Elector in 1848. Minister to Chili from 1854
to 1857.
StarkiveatJier, George A, — Born in Connecti-
cut, and was a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1847 to 1849, and was a member of the
Committee on Accounts.
Starkweather, Henry H, — He was born in
Preston, New London County, Connecticut, April 29,
1826 ; adopted the profession of law ; served in the
State Legislature ; and was a Delegate to the "Chi-
cago Convention" of 1860. In 1861 he was appointed
Postmaster of No^\^ich, which he held until 1865,
when he was re-appointed, but resighed on the acces-
sion of President Johnson. He was subsequently
made Chairman of the Republican State Committee,
and also a member of the National Republican Ex-
ecutive Committee ; and in 1867 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from Connecticut to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs and Ex-
penditures in the Treasury Department. Re-elected
to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, and
also to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on the District
of Columbia during the important improvements made
in Washington. He died in Washington after a brief
illness, January 28, 1876.
Starr, John F, — Bom in Philadelphia in 1818 ;
removed to New Jersey in 1844 ; has been engaged in
business pursuits ; and in 1863 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from New Jersey to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures,
and that on Public Buildings and Grounds. Re-
elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Territories, on Public Buildings and
Grounds, and the Postal Railroad to New Yoik.- He
was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists'
Convention " of 1866.
St, Clair, Arthur, — Bom in Thurso, Caithness
County, Scotland, in 1734 ; educated at the University
of Edinburgh ; studied medicine with John Hunter ;
inherited a fortune ; came to America in 1758 ; was
with Amherst at the capture of Louisburg ; distin-
guished himself as a Lieutenant under Wolfe, at
Quebec ; resigned from the army in 1762, and in 1764
settled in Pennsylvania, where he erected mills. In
1770 he was made a District Surveyor and Justice of
Common Pleas ; in 1771 appointed to a number of
local positions in Westmoreland County ; in 1775 he
became a Colonel of Militia, and went to Fort Pitt to
treat with the Indians ; in 1776 ordered to Canada, ac-
quitted himself with great ability, rose to the rank of
Major-General, and then resigned all his civil offices.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
403
He at once joined Washington, took a leading part in
the affairs of Princeton, Ticonderoga, and Brandy-
wine ; assisted Sullivan against the Six Nations ; was
a Commissioner to arrange a cartel with the British in
1780 ; member of the Court Martial which condemned
Andre ; and after performing many other duties, par-
ticipated in the capture of Cornwallis at Yorktown,
Was also a member of the Pennsylvania Council of
Censors ; Delegate to Congress in 1785, and chosen
President of the same in 1787 ; made a member of the
American Philosophical Society in 1786 ; appointed
Governor of the North-west Territory in 1788 ; made
an Indian treaty in 1789 ; located the City of Cin-
cinnati, and gave it its name ; was appointed General-
in-Chief of the army in 1791, but resigned in 1792.
He was twice court-martialed, but both times honora-
bly vindicated. Spent the latter years of his life in a
log cabin ; in 1813 was voted an annuity by Pennsyl-
vania ; received a pension of sixty dollars per month
from Congress ; and died at Greensburg, Pennsyl-
vania, August 31, 1818. He published a narrative of
his Campaign of 1791, and a memoir of his life was
published by A. T. Goodman.
SteadmMfif J. H, — He was elected in 1857 Gov-
ernment Printer for the House of Representatives.
StearnSf Asahel, — He was born at Lunenburg,
Massachusetts, in 1774 ; graduated at Cambridge
University in 1797 ; was educated as a lawyer ; prac-
ticed with reputation many years at Chelmsford ; was
several years County Attorney for Middlesex County;
was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts
from 1815 to 1817 ; was appointed Professor of Law
at Cambridge in 1817, and continued in the office un-
til 1829, when he resigned. In 1824 he published a
volume on " Real Actions," — a learned work. He was
afterwards appointed one of the Commissioners for re-
vising the statutes of the Commonwealth. After this
work was completed his health declined, and he con-
tinued very feeble until his decease. He died at Cam-
bridge, Massachusetts, February 5, 1839.
StebhinSf Henry Cr,— Was born in the City of
New York in 1812 ; received a good education ; was
brought up to the business of banking, and has been
identified with many of the important financial events
and trusts of his native city. He was at one time
identified with the Militia of New York, and was Col-
onel of the Twelfth Regiment. He was one of the
Commissioners of the Park, and long President of the
Board of Commissioners. He was one of the origi-
nators and President of the Dramatic Fund Associa-
tion, and an active manager of the New York Acad-
emy of Music. In 1862 he was elected a Representa-
tive from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Ways and Means. In
October, 1864, he resigned his seat in Congress, be-
cause he had declared himself in favor of the War,
and therefore supposed that he did not represent the
peace principles of his constituents.
Stedmaflf William, — He graduated at Harvard
University in 1784 ; was a lawyer of extensive prac-
tice ; served in the State Legislature; was for several
years Clerk of the Supreme Judicial Court in Worces-
ter; and was a Representative in Congress from Mas-
sachusetts from 1803 to 1810 ; and died in 1831, at
Newburyport, Massachusetts, aged sixty-six years.
He came to the bar in 1787, and was in the Legisla-
ture in 1802.
Steele^ tTohn, — A Representative in Congress
from North Carolina from 1790 to 1793 ; and was one
of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government
on the Potomac. He was born in Salisbury, Novem-
ber 1, 1764, aud died August 14, 1815. ' He was
brought up a merchant, but turned his attention to
agricultural pursuits. He served a number of years
in the State Legislature, part of the time as Speaker;
was a member of the State Convention to consider
the Constitution of the United States ; he was, in
1806, Commissioner to adjust the boundaries between
the States of North and South Carolina ; was a Gen-
eral of the Militia ; and held the office of First Comp-
troller of the Treasury under Presidents Washington
and Adams. On August 14, 1815, he was again elected
to the Legislature, l^ut on that day he died.
SteelCy tTohn IB, — Was born in Delhi, Delaware
County, New York, March 28, 1814 ; wns educated at
Delaware Academy and at Williams College, Massa-
chusetts; studied law, and came to the bar in 1839; in
1841 was appointed District Attorney for Otsego Coun-
ty, and served his term; in 1847 removed to Kingston,
Ulster County, and there pursued his profession ; in
1850 was elected Special Judge of that County; and in
1860 was elected a Representative from New York to
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Commit-
tees on the District of Columbia, and on Revolution-
ary Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, again serving on the Committees for the Dis-
trict of Columbia, and on Expenditures in the War
Department. He was killed by being thrown from a
carriage, in Kingston, New York, September 24,
1866.
Steele, fTohn H, — Born in North Carolina in
1792 ; was Governor of New Hampshire from 1844 to
1846. Died in Peterborough, New Hampshire, July
3, 1865.
Steele, John N, — Born in Maryland ; was a
Presidential Elector in 1832 ; and elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1835 to
1837.
Steele, Willia/in G, — Was born in Somerset
County, New Jersey, December 17, 1820 ; educated at
the Somerville Academy ; entered early into the mer-
cantile business, to which he subsequently added
that of banking ; was appointed, for several years, by
the Governor of the State, a State Director for the
Delaware and Raritan Canal, and the Camden and
Amboy Railroad Company ; was elected a Represent-
ative, from New Jersey, to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, serving on the Select Committee on Army Con-
tracts ; and he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Accounts,
and Enrolled Bills. He was also a Delegate to the
"Chicago Convention" of 1864.
Steele^ William R, — He was born in New York
City, July 24, 1842 ; received a good education ;
studied law : served in the Army as private and com-
missioned officer during the late war, but chiefly as a
staff-officer in the Army of the Potomac; was elected
to the Legislative Council of Wyoming Territory in
1871, and elected to the Forty-third Congress from
the Territory of Wyoming, and re-elected to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
Steenrod, Letvis, — Born in Virginia, and elected
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1839 to 1845.
Stenger, William S, — Born in London, Frank-
lin County, Pennsylvania, about the year 1832 ;
graduated at Franklin and Marshall College ; studied
and adopted the profession of law ; was assistant
editor of a newspaper in Chambersburg ; was a can-
didate for the State Legislature, but badly defeated ;
served for a time as District Attorney for Franklin
County ; in stature he is a very small man ; and in
1874 he was elected as a Representative from Penn-
sylvania to the Forty fourth Congress.
404
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
StepheUf JoJin, — He was born in Maryland ;
received a liberal education, and adopted the profes-
sion of law ; was frequently elected to the State Leg-
islature ; served in the Executive Council ; and in
1834 he was elected Judge of the Court of Appeals,
which position he filled for twenty-one years. Died
at Annapolis, June 26, 1844.
Stephens f Abraham JP. — Born in New York,
and elected a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1851 to 1853.
Stephens f Alexander H, — Born in Taliaferro
County, Georgia, February 11, 1812. He was left
an orphan at the age of fourteen, when kind friends,
unsolicited, furnished him with the means to obtain
an education, all of which he subsequently returned
with interest. He prepared himself for college in
nine months, and graduated at Franklin College in
1832. He studied law, and was admitted to practice
in 1834. After paying his debts, his first earnings
were devoted to redeeming from the hands of
strangers the home of his childhood, which had been
sold after liis father's death, and upon which he still
resides. In 1836 he was elected to the lower house
of the State Legislature, where he served five years,
devoting himself especially to the internal interests
of his native State. In 1839 he was chosen a Dele-
gate to the " Commercial Convention " at Charleston,
where he is said to have made a deep impression by
his peculiar eloquence. In 1842 he was elected to
the Senate of his State ; and in 1843 he was elected a
Representative in Congress from Georgia, to which
position he was regularly re-elected to the close of
the Thirty-fifth Congress. He has served on many
committees, delivered many speeches, and it was
while he officiated as Chairman of the Committee on
Territories, that the Territories of Minnesota and
Oregon were admitted into the Union. He subse-
quently became identified with the Rebellion of 1861,
and was chosen Vice-President and member of Con-
gress of the so-called " Southern Confederacy." He
was subsequently confined as a Prisoner of State in
Fort Warren, and released by order of President
Johnson. In 1866 he was chosen a Delegate to
the Philadelphia " National Union Convention,"
but did not attend its proceedings. In 1866 he was
elected a Senator in Congress, but not admitted ; and
was subsequently re-elected as a Representative to
tlie Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses. In
December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the
Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. His
"Life and Speeches " were published in one volume,
in 1867, edited by Henry Cleveland. •
Stephens f John Lloyd, — Born at Shrewsbury,
New Jersey, November 28, 1805 ; graduated at Co-
lumbia College in 1823 ; studied at the Litchfield
Law School, and practiced in New York City about
eight years. From 1834 to 1836 he visited Europe
and Egypt, and in 18)7 published "Incidents of
Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia, and Poland." In
1839 was appointed Special Ambassador to Central
America, and on his return published " Incidents of
Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan,"
and in 1843, another work on Yucatan. He was a
Director of the Ocean Steam Navigation Company,
which established the first American line of trans-
Atlantic steamers, and went to Europe as the represent-
ative of the Company on the trial trip of its first
vessel, the Washington. The latter part of his life
was devoted to, the construction of the Panama Rail-
road, of which he was President. In 1846 he was a
Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of
New York.
Stephens, Philander, — Was a member of the
House of Representatives in Congress from Pennsyl-
vania from 1829 to 1833. He died at Springfield,
Pennsylvania, July 8, 1842, aged fifty-four years.
Stephens, WilliaTn, — He was a citizen of
Georgia, and in 1801 he was appointed Judge of the
United States District Court for the District of
Georgia.
Stephenson, Senjamin, — He was a Delegate
in Congress, from Illinois Territory from 1814 to
1816, when he was appointed Receiver of Public
Moneys in Edwardsville, Illinois.
Stephenson, flames, — He was born in Gettys-
burg, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1764; and, having re-
moved to Virginia at an early day, commanded a
company in the campaign of General St. Clair ; was
present at the quelling of the Whisky Insurrection
in Pennsylvania, and was promoted to the office of
Brigade Inspector. He served for many years as a
Delegate to the Virginia Assembly ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Virginia from 1803 to
1805, from 1809 to 1811, and again from 1822 to 1825.
He died in August, 1833.
Stephenson, flames S, — He was born in York
County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1829 ; and
died at Pittsburg, October 17, 1831.
Stephenson, John G, — He was born in New
Hampshire ; removed to Indiana ; and in 1861 he was
appointed from that State, Librarian of Congress,
serving as such until the appointment of A. R. Spof-
ford.
Steptoe, Edward Jenner, — Born in Virginia
in 1816 ; graduated at West Point, and appointed
Lieutenant of Third Artillery in 1837 ; distinguished
himself in the Florida War ; was Assistant Instructor
of infantry tactics at the Military Academy in 1842
and 1843 ; Captain in 1847 ; took command of light
battery in Quitman's Division in the valley of Mexi-
co ; brevetted Major for gallantry at Cerro Gordo in
1847 ; brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel for gallantry at
Chepultapec in 1847 ; Major of Ninth Infantry in 1855 ;
commanded in the conflict with Indians at the Cas-
cades, Washington Territory, in 1856 ; Lieutenant-
Colonel Tenth Infantry ; resigned in 1861. Appointed
Governor of Utah Territory in 1854 but declined.
Sterigere,John S, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1831;
and a member in 1829 of the Committee on Private
Land Claims.
Sterling, Ansel, — He was a native of New Lon-
don County, Connecticut, and a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1821 to 1825.
Sterling, Micah, — Born at Lyme, Connecticut,
in 1781, and graduated at Yale College in 1804 ; he
removed to the State of New York, and was for some
years a member of the Legislature ; and a Represent-
ative in Congress from 1821 to 1823. He died at
Watertown, New York, April 10, 1844.
Sterrett, Samuel, — He was a member of the
House of Representatives of the United States from
Maryland from 1791 to 1893 ; and died at Baltimore,
July 12, 1833, aged seventy-seven years.
Stetson, Charles, — He was born in New Ips-
wich, New Hampshire, November 7, 1801 ; was re-
moved in 1802 to Hampden, Maine ; graduated at
Yale College in 1823 ; studied law, and practiced the
profession until 1833, when he moved to the City of
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
405
Bangor. In 1834 lie was appointed Judge of the
Municipal Court of that city ; subsequently held the
office of Clerk of all the Judicial Courts for the Coun-
ty of Penobscot ; iu 1845 he was elected a member of
the Executive Council of the State, and re-elected
three years in succession ; and in 1848 he was elected
a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-first Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Commerce.
Stetson f Lefniiel. — He was born in New York ;
bred to the law; served for three years in the Assem-
bly of that State ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from 1843 to 1845 from the same State ; was
County Judge of Clinton County from 1847 to 1851.
Stevens, Aaron F, — Born in Derry, New Hamp-
shire, August 9, 1819 ; educated at Pinkerton Acad-
emy ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1845, locat-
ing at Nashua ; in 1849 he was elected to the State
Legislature, and re-elected; served five years as a
State Solicitor ; in 1861 he entered the Volunteer
army as Major in the First New Hampshire Infantry:
was promoted in 1862, and as Colonel served through
the war; was wounded at Fort Harrison in 1864, and
for his gallantry was soon afterwards brevetted a
Brigadier-General; and in 1867 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from New Hampshire to the Fortieth and
Forty-first Congresses, serving on the Committees on
Union Prisoners, Revolutionary Claims, Naval Affairs,
and Patents.
Stevens f Bradford K, — He was born in Bosca-
wen. New Hampshire, January 3, 1813 ; studied one
year in Le Petit Seminaire, at Montreal, and graduat-
ed at Dartmouth College in 1835 ; was an educator
six years ; removed in 1843 to Bureau County, Illi-
nois, where he was active in the promotion of inter-
nal improvements ; was Chairman of the Board of
Supervisors in 1868 ; and elected to the Forty-second
Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufac-
tures.
Stevens, Hestor L, — He was born in Lima, Liv-
ingston County, New York, in October, 1803; received
a good English and classical education ; adopted the
profession of law ; was for several years connected
with the press in Rochester ; and, having taken up
his residence in Michigan, was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855.
Died in Georgetown, District of Columbia, May 7,
1864.
Stevens f Hiram S. — He was elected in 1874 a
Delegate from Arizona to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Stevens f Isaac I, — He was born in North Ando-
ver, Massachusetts, in 1818 ; graduated at the West
Point Military A^cademy in 1839, and entered the
Corps of Engineers, in which service he continued
■until 1853, when he was appointed Governor and Su-
perintendent of Indian Affairs for the Territory of
Washington. This office he resigned in 1857, having
previously been elected a Delegate to Congress from
Washington Territory, where he continued until the
breaking out of the Rebellion in 1861. As an officer
of the army, he was at the seige of Vera Cruz under
General Scott ; fought in several subsequent battles :
was severely wounded in the final assault upon
the City of Mexico, and was twice brevetted for
gallant services. He also served for a time as an as-
sistant in the Coast Survey Office in Washington City.
When Governor of Washington Territory, he trav-
eled throughout its whole extent, and as Commis-
sioner made many treaties with the Indian tribes.
In September, 1861, he was appointed a Brigadier-
General in the Volunteer service, and was killed in
battle at Bull Run, Virginia, in 1862.
23
Stevens, tTames, — He was born in Fairfield,
Connecticut ; served in Congress as a Representative
from that State from 1819 to 1821, voting with the
South on the Missouri Compromise ; and in 1822 was
appointed Postmaster at Stamford ; he died at that
place in April, 1835, aged sixty-seven years.
Stevens f John L, — He was a citizen of Maine,
and in 1870 he was appointed Minister Resident to
Paraguay, with credentials for Uraguay also ; and in
1873 he returned to the United States.
Stevens, Samuel, — He was Governor of Mary-
land from 1822 to 1826.
Stevens, Thaddeus, — Born in Caledonia County,
Vermont, April 4, 1792, his father having been a sol-
dier in the Revolution ; graduated at Dartmouth Col-
lege in 1814 ; during that year removed to Pennsylva-
nia ; studied law and taught in an academy at the
same time ; in 1816 was admitted to the bar in Adams
County ; in 1833 was elected to the State Legislature
and also in 1834, 1835, 1837, and 1841 ; in 1836 was
elected a member of the Convention to revise the
State Constitution ; in 1838 was appointed a Canal
Commissioner ; in 1842 he removed to Lancaster ;
and in 1848 was elected a Representative from Penn-
sylvania to the Thirty-first Congress, also to the
Thirty-second ; and in 1858 was re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, and also to the Thirty-seventh,
during which he was Chairman of the Committee on
Ways and Means, having previously served on
various important committees. Iu 1862 he was re-
elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, again serving
as Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means,
and also as Chairman of the Special Committee on the
Pacific Railroad, He was also a Delegate to the
" Baltimore Convention " of 1864. Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Appropriations, as a member of the
Committee on the Death of President Lincoln, and as
Chairman of the Committees on a Postal Railroad to
New York, on Reconstruction, and Free Schools in
the District of Columbia, He was a Delegate to the
Philadelphia ''Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ; and
was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committee on the Niagara Ship Canal, and as Chair-
man of the Special Committee on Reconstruction, and
also of that on Appropriations, In 1867 he received
from Middlebury College the degree of LL.D. He
was also one of the Managers in the Impeachment
Trial of President Andrew Johnson. Died in Wash-
ington, August 11, 1868.
Stevenson, Andretv, — He was a native of Cul-
pepper County, Virginia, and entered public life in
1804 as a member of the State Legislature, where, for
several sessions, he was elected Speaker of the House.
He was a Representative in Congress from Virginia
from 1821 to 1834 ; and for the Twentieth, Twenty-
first, and Twenty-second Congresses from 1828 to
1834 was Speaker. He was appointed Minister to
Great Britain in 1836, and remained there till he was
succeeded by Mr. Everett in 1841. After his return
to America he devoted himself chiefly to agricultural
pursuits, and to the interests of the University of Vir-
ginia, of which institution he was Rector at the time
of his death. As a friend and neighbor he was much
beloved. He died at Blenheim, Albemarle County,
Virginia, January 25, 1857, aged seventy-three years.
Stevenson, A, E. — Born in Christian County,
Kentucky, October 23, 1835 ; removed to Bloomington,
Illinois, when sixteen years of age ; educated at the
Illinois Wesleyan University, and at Centre College,
Kentucky ; studied law at Bloomington, an d was ad-
mitted to the bar at the age of twenty-two ; in 1859
removed to Woodford County, and held the office of
406
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Master in Chancery from 1861 to 1865 ; was elected
State's Attorney of tlie Twenty-third Judicial District
in 1864, and held the office four years ; was a candi-
date for Presidential Elector on the McClellan ticket
in 1864 ; resumed the practice of law in Bloomington,
in 1869 ; and in 1874 was elected a Representative of
the Forty-fourth Congress from Illinois.
Stevenson f fToh E. — Bom in Ross County, Ohio;
February 10, 1831 ; received a limited education ;
adopted the profession of law ; was Solicitor of Chili-
cothe from 1859 to 1862 ; was in the State Senate from
1868 to 1865, when he removed to Cincinnati ; was
selected to pronounce the address over the remains of
President Lincoln when they arrived at Columbus ;
and was elected a Representative from Ohio to the
Forty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on
Mileage, and Elections. Re-elected to the Forty-sec-
ond Congress, serving on the Committee on Public
Lands.
Stevenson, John JF. — Born in Richmond, Vir-
ginia, and was the son of Andrew Stevenson ; gradu-
ated at the University of Virginia ; read law, and set-
tled in Covington, Kentucky, in 1841 ; practiced his
profession with success ; was elected to the Kentucky
Legislature in 1845, 1846, and 1847 ; in 1849 he was
elected to the " State Constitutional Convention," in
which he took a leading part ; he was a member of
the Democratic National Conventions of 1848, 1853,
and 1856 ; he was twice a Senatorial Elector ; and
was one of the three Commissioners appointed to re-
vise the Civil and Criminal Code of Kentucky ; and
was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con-
gress from that State, and was a member of the Com-
mittee on Elections ; he was also re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same committee.
He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National
Union Convention " of 1866, and in 1867 he was elected
Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky, and acted as Gov-
ernor. In 1871 he entered the United States Senate
for the term ending in 1877, serving on the Commit-
tees on Indian Affairs, the Judiciary and Appropria-
tions.
Stevenson, William JE, — He was Governor of
West Virginia from 1869 to 1871.
Steivart, Aleocanfler. — He was Judge of the
United States for the Territory of Illinois, and held
the position until the organization of the State Gov-
ernment in 1818.
Stewart, Aleocancler T, — Born near Belfast,
Ireland, about 1803 ; educated at Trinity College,
Dublin ; came to New York City in 1823 ; taught
school for a brief period, then established himself as
a retail dry goods merchant on Broadway, and ac-
quired great wealth. He was nominated by President
Grant in 1869 to be Secretary of the United States
Treasury, but was found ineligible by the United
States Senate. In 1847, during the Irish famine, he
chartered a ship, which he filled with provisions and
sent as a gift to Ireland. In 1848 he erected his fa-
mous marble structure on Chambers Street and Broad-
way which was afterwards converted into a wholesale
establishment, and the retail business removed to a
larger building between Broadway and Fourth Avenue,
occupying a whole square. He was one of the Amer-
ican Representatives at the Paris Exposition of 1867.
Stetvart, A.ndretv, — Born in Fayette County,
Pennsylvania, in June, 1792 ; he studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1815 ; was soon afterwards
elected to the State Legislature, and served three years ;
he was appointed by President Monroe, District At-
torney for Western Pennsylvania ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from 1821 to 1829 ; from 1831 to
1835, and from 1843 to 1847. In Congress and out of
it, he was ever a warm advocate of what is known as
the "American Protective System," and was subse-
quently devoted chiefly to the congenial pursuits of
agriculture, though paji.ng some attention to the busi-
ness of manufacturing. Died at Uniontown, July 16,
1872.
Stewart, Archibald, — He was a Delegate from
New Jersey to the Continental Congress in 1784 and
1785 to fill a temporary vacancy.
Steivart, David. — He was a lawyer by profes-
sion, and a Senator in Congress from Maryland from
December 6, 1849, to January 12, 1850, by Executive
appointment, in place of Reverdy Johnson, resigned.
He was also a Commissioner of Public Buildings for
the District of Columbia. Died in Baltimore, Mary-
land, January 6, 1858.
Stewart, James, — He was a Representative in
Congress from North Carolina during the years 1818
and 1819. Died in North Carolina in February, 1822,
aged fifty-two years.
Steivart, James A, — He was born in Dorchester
County, Maryland, November 24, 1808 ; received a
good education, and studied law ; served in the State
Legislature ; was a Judge of the Circuit Court of
Maryland ; and was elected a Representative from
Maryland to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con-
gresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Patents. He was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, serving on the same committee.
Steivart, John, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1800 to 1801, for
the unexpired term of T. Hartley, and was re-elected
to the Seventh and Eighth Congresses.
Stewart, John. — Bom in Chatham, Connecticut,
in 1795 ; was by occupation a farmer ; served many
years in the Connecticut Legislature ; was Judge of
Middlesex County Court ; and was a Representative
in Congress from Connecticut from 1843 to 1845. Died
at Chatham, September 10, 1860.
Stewart, John W, — He was bom in Middlebury,
Vermont, in 1825 ; and was Governor of that State
from 1870 to 1872.
Sfewai't, Robert M, — Born at Truxton, Cortland
County, New York, March 12, 1805 ; emigrated when
a boy to Kentucky, and in 1838 to Missouri, settling
in Buchanan County. He was ten years a member of
the State Constitutional Convention of 1845 ; entered
the Union Army in 1861, but on account of ill-health
resigned. He was also a promoter of railroads.,
Stewart, Thomas E. — He was bom in New
York City, September 22, 1824 ; received a good edu-
cation ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1845 ; in
1854 he was elected a Commissioner of Common
Schools ; in 1864 and 1865 he was elected a member
of the State Assembly, and in 1866 he was elected a
Representative from New York to the Fortieth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs.
Stewart, IVilliain, — He was born in the town
of Mercer, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, September
16, 1811 ; was educated at Jefferson College in that
State ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in
1835. He was a member of the State Senate of Penn-
sylvania for three years, and was elected a Represent-
ative from that State to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth, serving as a member
of the Committees on Expenses in the War Depart-
ment, and on Agriculture.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
407
Steivart, William 31, — Born in Wayne Coun-
ty, New York, August 9, 1827 ; removed with his
father to Ohio in 1885 ; left home in his thirteenth
year, and prepared himself for college, chiefly in New
York ; entered Yale College in 1848, where he re-
mained eighteen months, and then left for the gold
fields of California. He spent two years in the min-
ing business ; in 1852 commenced reading law, and
during that year was appointed District Attorney for
the County of Nevada, and was subsequently elected
to the same office ; in 1854, during the absence of the
Attorney-General of California, he was appointed to
perform the duties of that office ; he next spent about
eighteen months practicing his profession in San
Francisco ; after that he did the same in Nevada City
and Downieville; in 1860 he removed to the then Ter-
ritory of Utah (now Nevada) ; served in the Territorial
Legislature in 1861 ; was also a member of the " Con-
stitutional Convention " held in 1863, and was elected
a Senator in Congress from Nevada for the term com-
mencing in 1865 and ending in 1869, serving on the
Committees on the Judiciary, Public Lands, Pacific
Railroad, and Mines and Mining. In 1865 he received
from Yale College the degree of Master of Arts. Re-
elected for the term ending in 1875, and was Chair-
man of the Committee on Railroads.
Stiles f George JP. — He was born in New York ;
removed to Iowa ; and in 1854 was appointed Asso-
ciate Judge of the United States Court for Utah.
Stiles f John X). — Was born in Luzerne County,
Pennsylvania, January 15, 1823 ; received an academic
education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1844 ; in 1853 he was elected District Attorney for
Lehigh County, and held the office three years ; he
was a Delegate in 1856 to the "National Convention "
which nominated Mr. Buchanan for President, and
was elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress for the
unexpired term of his friend, T. B. Cooper, deceased,
serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims.
In 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Expenditures in
the State Department, and Revolutionary Claims,
He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention"
of 1864, to the Philadelphia *' National Union Con-
vention " of 1866, and also to the New York Demo-
cratic Covention of 1868. Re-elected to the Fortieth
and Forty-first Congresses.
Stiles f William H, — He was born in Savannah,
Georgia ; received a good education, and adopted the
profession of law ; in 1833 he was elected Solicitor-
General of the Eastern District of the State, which he
resigned in 1836 ; he was a Representative in Congress
from Georgia from 1843 to 1845 ; and by President
Polk he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to Austria, of
which country, after his return, he published a his-
tory. He served as a Colonel in the great Rebellion,
and died at Savannah on the 20th day of December,
1865. J^
\y\ Stilwellf Thom,as ^, — Born in Stilwell, Butler
S ^County, Ohio, August 29, 1830 ; educated at Oxford
. and College Hill, Ohio ; studied law in that State,
' ^s^and removed^ to Indiana in 1852, when he was admit-
x6Tt4o-tbeifa?7~in'l^^ he was elected to the Legis-
lature of Indiana ; was subsequently engaged in the
banking business ; served one year as an officer in
the war for the Union ; and in 1864 was elected a
Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and
Invalid Pensions. In 1867 he was appointed, by Presi-
dent Johnson, Minister Resident to Venezuela, He
was killed by J, E, Corwin at Anderson, Indiana, Jan-
uary 14, 1874.
St, John, Charles, — He was born in Orange
County, New York, October 8, 1818 ; received a good
education ; was a merchant and lumberman ; and
elected to the Forty-second and Forty-third Con-
gresses, serving on the Committees on Public Lands
and the State Department.
St, John, Daniel jB. — Born in Sharon, Litch-
field County, Connecticut, October 8, 1808 ; removed
to New York ; became a merchant's clerk, and then
followed the mercantile business until 1847 ; in 1839
was elected to the State Legislature ; served four
years as a member of the Board of Supervisors for
Sullivan County ; and was a Representative from
New York to the Thirtieth Congress, From 1849 until
1855 he had charge of the Bank Department of New
York, since which time he has been devoted to agri-
cultural pursuits in Newburg, New York.
*S'^. John, Henry, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from
1843 to 1847.
St, Martin, Louis, — ^He was born in Louisiana,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1851 to 1853,
Stochton, John JP, — Born in Princeton, New
Jersey, August 2, 1825, his father and grandfather
having both served in the United States Senate, and
his great-grandfather having been one of the signers
of the Declaration of Independence. He graduated
at Princeton College in 1843 ; studied law, was
licensed to practice in 1846, and came to the bar in
1849. He was appointed by the Legislature of New
Jersey to revise the laws of the State ; was for sev-
eral years the Reporter in Chancery, and published
three volumes, which bear his name ; was appointed,
by President Buchanan, in 1858, Minister Resident
to Rome, but, on the election of President Lincoln,
asked to be recalled ; since which time, until elected
a Senator in Congress from New Jersey in 1865, for
the term ending in 1871, he has been devoted to his
profession. In the Senate he served on the Com-
mittee on Pensions. On the question of his right to
the seat in the Senate there was a long debate, and he
was admitted by the vote of twenty -two to twenty-
one, the deciding vote, owing to peculiar circum-
stances, having been cast by himself. The question,
however, was reconsidered, he withdrew his vote, and
then, by a vote of twenty-two to twenty-one, he lost
his seat, March 27, 1866. He was re-elected to the
Senate in 1869, for the term ending in 1875, serving
in various Committees. He was also a Delegate to
the Philadelphia ''National Union Convention" of
1866.
Stockton, Michard, — He was born in Prince-
ton, New Jersey, October 1, 1730 ; graduated at
Princeton College in 1748 ; adopted the profession of
law and became eminent ; was appointed a Judge,
both under the Provincial Government and after the
adoption of the Constitution ; he was a Delegate to
the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777, and signed
the Declaration of Independence. Died February 28,
1781. His son, bearing his name, a grandson and
great grandson succeeded him as members of the Fed-
eral Congress.
Stockton, Michard, — Born at Princeton, New
Jersey, April 17, 1764, and graduated at Nassau Hall
in 1779 : on leaving College he studied law, and was
admitted to practice at the age of twenty. In 1792
and 1801 he was a Presidential Elector, He was a
Senator of the United States from 1796 to 1799, and
a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1815. In
1827 he was a Commissioner for settling the boun-
dary line between New York and New Jersey, He
was eminently distinguished for his talents, was an
408
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
eloquent and profound lawyer, and during more than
a quarter of a century was at the head of the bar in
New Jersey. He died at Princeton, March 7, 1828.
Stockton^ Robert Field. — He was born at
Princeton, New Jersey, in 1795. Early in life he
entered the United States Navy, and actively engaged
in some of the most important naval battles during
the war of 1812. He commanded the American squad-
ron on the coast of Africa, and he was one of the
founders of the Colony of Liberia, He was one of
the first of our commanders to introduce and apply
steam to naval purposes — the famous sloop-of-war
Princeton having been built under his supervision.
When war was declared with Mexico, he was placed
in command of our fleet in the Pacific, and performed
the duties of Commodore, General, and Governor ;
and the foundations of religion, education, and social
progress were laid by his instumentality in many of
those outposts of our Western world. Soon after his
return from the Pacific, he resigned his commission
in the Navy, and devoted himself to the internal im-
provements of his native State. He was elected United
States Senator for the term from 1851 to 1857, but re-
signed in 1853, serving as a member of several im-
portant Committees. The bill to abolish flogging in
the navy was introduced by him. He was also elect-
ed a Delegate to the " Peace Congress" in 1861. He
was President of the Delaware and Raritan Canal
Company from the time he left the Senate until his
death, which occurred at Princeton, New Jersey, Oc-
tober 7, 1866.
Stochfon, Thonias, — He was Governor of Dela-
ware from 1844 to 1846 ; was Captain of Third Artil-
lery in 1812 ; Major, Forty-second Infantry in 1814 ;
resigned in 1825. Died at New Castle, Delaware,
March 2, 1846.
Stoddardf Ehetiezer, — Born in West Wood-
stock, Connecticut, May 6, 1786, and graduated at
Brown University in 1806 ; he was a lawyer by pro-
fession, and practiced extensively ; had several years
been a member of the State Legislature ; and was
Lieutenant-Governor of the State for one year. He
was a Representative in Congress from 1821 to 1825,
and died at Woodstock, August, 1848.
Stoddarf^fTohn T, — He graduated at Princeton
College in 1810 ; was a Representative in Congress
from Maryland from 1833 to 1835, and a member of
the Committees on Claims, and the District of Colum-
bia.
Stodderff Senjainin, — He was born in Mary-
land ; served as a Major during the Revolution ; and
was for many years extensively engaged in mercan-
tile pursuits in Georgetown, District of Columbia,
where one of the streets of the town still bears his
name. In May, 1798, he was appointed by President
Adams, Secretary of the Navy, and was the first man
who served in that capacity ; and although continued
in the position by President Jefferson, he was super-
seded in January, 1802. He subsequently settled in
Bladensburg, Maryland, where he died at an ad-
vanced age, universally respected for his high char-
acter.
Stokeli/f Samurl, — He was born in Ohio ; re-
ceived a liberal education ; adopted the profession of
law ; served in the State Legislature ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Ohio from 1841 to
1843, serving on two prominent Committees.
Stokes, fTohu. — He vv^as a native of North Caro-
lina ; served as a Colonel in the Revolution and lost
an arm in one of its battles ; in 1790 he was appointed
a Judge of the United States District Court for North
Carolina ; as a mark of respect, one of the Counties of
his State was named for him, and he was the brother
of M. Stokes, one of the early Governors. Died in
Laf ayetteville, North Carolina, October, 1 790.
Stokes f Montford, — Born in North Carolina in
1760 ; was for several years Clerk of the Superior Court,
and subsequently of the Senate ; in which capacity
he became so popular as to be elected to the United
States Senate, which honor he declined. He was
again elected in 1816 to the same position and served
until 1823. In 1826 he went into the General Assem-
bly as Senator ; in 1829 into the Commons ; also in
1830, when he was elected Governor of the State. In
1831 he was appointed by President Jackson, Indian
Agent in Arkansas, where he died in 1842.
Stokes f William I>. — He was born in Chatham
County, North Carolina, September 9, 1814 ; received
when young a limited education ; has devoted the
most of his life to agricultural pursuits ; served three
sessions in the Legislature ' of Tennessee, twice as a
Representative and once as a Senator ; and was elect-
ed a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Commit-
tee on Invalid Pensions. During the Rebellion of
1861 he served as a Colonel in the Union army. In
1865 he was re-elected a Representative from Tennes-
see to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not ad-
mitted to his seat until near the close of the first
session of that Congress, when he was placed on the
Committee on Elections. He was also a Delegate to
the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.
Re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses,
serving on the Committee on Claims, and as Chairman
of the Ninth Census.
Stone f Alexander W, — He was for many years
a leading lawyer in Wisconsin ; Chief Justice of the
State, and died in Milwaukee, September 14, 1854.
Stone, Alfred JP. — He was a Representative in
Congress from Ohio from 1844 to 1845. By profession
he was a merchant ; at one time Treasurer of the
State of Ohio ; was appointed, by President Lincoln,
a Collector of Internal Revenue ; and died, by taking
poison, at Columbus, Ohio, August 2, 1865.
Stone, David, — Born in Bertie County, North
Carolina, February 17, 1770 ; graduated at Princeton
College in 1788 ; studied law, and rose to a high posi-
tion at the bar. He was four years in the State Legis-
lature ; Judge of the Supreme Court from 1795 to
1798 ; a Representative in Congress from 1799 to 1801;
a Senator in Congress from 1801 to 1807 ; Governor of
North Carolina in 1808 ; and served a second time as
United States Senator from 1813 to 1814, which posi-
tion he resigned on account of disagreements with
his constituents. Died October 7, 1818.
Stone, Frederick, — He was born in Maryland,
his grandfather, Thomas Stone, having been in the
Continental Congress, and another ancestor, William
Stone, Deputy-Governor of Maryland under Lord Balti-
more. He was liberally educated, chiefly in George-
town, District of Columbia, and adopted the profession
of law ; in 1851 he was tendered the office of Deputy
District Attorney for his County, but declined ; in
1852 he was appointed by the Legislature one of the
Commissioners to revise and simplify the Rules of
Reading and Practice in the Courts of Maryland ; in
1855 and 1856 he was a member of the State Legis-
lature ; was a Delegate to the " State Constitutional
Convention " of 1864, but declined to accept ; and in
1866 he was elected a Representative from Maryland
to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, serving
on the Committees on Private Land Claims, on Edu-
cation and Labor, and District of Columbia.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
409
Stone J Horatio, — He was born in New England
about tbe year 1810 ; was highly educated, and com-
menced active life as a physician in the City of New
York. He subsequently turned his attention to the
art of sculpture, and removed, in 1846, to the City of
Washington. He was a man of rare culture in all
matters appertaining to art and literature, and was a
frequent writer of verses for the press ; received
commissions from the General Government to execute
statues of John Hancock, Alexander Hamilton, R. B.
Taney, and Thomas H. Benton, all of which have
been pronounced works of rare merit ; first visited
Europe in 1856 ; and having gone to Italy, on a
second professional visit in 1874, he was taken ill
there in August, 1875, and died a few weeks after-
wards at Carrara, whence he was soon expecting to
return home with the last of his beautiful productions.
StonCf flames. — Born in Kentucky, and was a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1843
to 1845.
Stone^ James W» — Born in Kentucky in 1813,
and died October 13, 1854. He was a Representative
in Congress from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1851
to 1852.
, Stone, Jolin HasTcins, — He was, while quite
young, the first Captain in Smallwood's regiment, at
an early period of the Revolutionary war ; became Col-
onel in 1776, but resigned in 1779 ; distinguished
himself at the battles of Long Island, White Plains,
Princeton and Germantown, in the last of which he
received a wound which disabled him from further
service. In 1781 he was a clerk in the office of R. R.
Livingston, Secretary of Foreign Affairs ; was subse-
quently a member of the Executive Council of Mary-
land, and Governor of the State from 1794 to 1797.
Died in Annapolis, October 5, 1804.
Stone, Michael, — He was born in Charles
County, Maryland, about the year 1750, and died in
1812. He was a Representative in Congress from his
native State from 1789 to 1791 ; and was subsequently
for many years Judge of the Charles County Court.
He was one of those who voted for locating the seat
of Government on the Potomac. He was the brother
of Thomas Stone.
Stone, Thomas, — Born at Pointon Manor, Charles
County, Maryland, in 1743 ; received a liberal educa-
tion and adopted the profession of law ; early joined
the patriots of the Revolution ; was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress from 1775 to 1779, and in 1784
and 1785 ; was a signer of the Declaration of Indepen-
dence ; in 1778 he was chosen to the Maryland Legis-
lature ; was elected a Delegate to the Convention
which framed the Federal Constitution, but declined
to serve ; and died October 5, 1787.
Stone, Williafn, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Tennessee from 1838 to 1839.
Stone, William H, — He was born in Shawan-
gunk, New York, November 7, 1828 ; received a good
education ; removed to St. Louis in 1848, and resided
there as an iron manufacturer ; was President of
" The St. Louis Hot-pressed Nut and Bolt Company;"
was a member of the Assembly ; of the St. Louis
Board of Water Commissioners ; and was elected to
the Forty -third and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving
on the Committee on Railroads and Canals. In De-
cember, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Com-
mittees on Manufactures, and on Expenditures in the
Post-Office Department.
Stone ^ William M, — He was Governor of Iowa
from 1864 to 1868.
Stover, Hell amy, — He was bom in Portland,
Maine, about the year 1798 ; graduated at Bowdoin
College, from which he subsequently received the de-
gree of LL.D. ; removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, when
twenty -one years of age : studied law, and practiced
the profession ; was a Representative in Congress
from Ohio from 1835 to 1837 ; was a Presidential
Elector in 1844 ; since which time he has served three
terms as a Judge of the Superior Court in the District
of Cincinnati. He is also a Professor in the Cincin-
nati Law College. Died in Cincinnati, Ohio, June 1,
1875. He took an interest in religious affairs, and at
the time of his death was Vice-President of the Evan-
gelical Alliance.
Stover, Clement, — He was born in 1760, and
died at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, November 22,
1830. He was a United States Senator from New
Hampshire from 1817 to 1819.
Storm, fJohn JB. — He was born in Monroe Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, September 19, 1838 ; graduated at
Dickinson College in July, 1861 ; studied law and ad-
mitted to the bar in 1863 ; was appointed Superinten-
dent of Public Schools in 1862 ; and was elected to
the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving
on the Committees on the Militia, Education and La-
bor, and National Monument.
Stows, Henry R, — Born in Middletown, Con-
necticut, in 1787. He graduated at Yale College in
1804 ; practiced law some years at Utica, New York ;
and during his residence there was a Representative
in Congress from 1819 to 1821, and from 1823 to 1831.
He afterwards established himself in the City of New
York, where he soon became a very eminent practi-
tioner in his profession. He was possessed of exten-
sive and various acquirements, uncommon powers of
discrimination, great logical exactness, and a ready
and powerful elocution ; and as a debater in Congress
he stood conspicuous in the first rank. He died July
29, 1837, at New Haven.
Stovrs, William L, — He was born in Middle-
town, Connecticut, March 25, 1795 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1814 ; adopted the law as a profession ;
was a Representative in Congress from Connecticut
from 1829 to 1833, and again from 1839 to 1840 ; was
Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut from
1840 to 1856 ; and Chief Justice from 1856 until his
death, which occurred at Hartford, June 25, 1861. He
was also Professor of Law in Yale College in 1846
and 1847.
Story, Joseph, — Born in Marblehead, Massachu-
setts, September 18, 1779. He graduated at Harvard
University in 1798 ; studied law ; was a member of the
State Legislature in 1805, and elected Sj^eaker ; and
during the years 1808 and 1809 he was a Representa-
tive in Congress. In 1811 he was appointed by Presi-
dent Madison a Judge of the Supreme Court of the
United States, which office he held until his death.
He acquired a large fortune from his practice as a
lawyer, and it is said that his income from the sale of
his legal writings, which are numerous and of the
highest order, numbering twenty-seven volumes,
with thirty-four volumes of Decisions, has amounted
to ten thousand dollars per annum. In 1830 he was
appointed Dane Professor in the Law School of Har-
vard University, and subsequently published his
' ' Commentaries on the Constitution of the United
States." In early life he was a writer of poetry, and
in his later years was considered, even in England,
" the first of living writers on law." He received
the degree of LL.D. from the Colleges of Harvard,
Brown, and Dartmouth. He died in Cambridge, Sep-
tember 10, 1845. His Life was published by his son,
W. W. Story, in 1851.
410
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Story f JVilllam. — He was an early emigrant to
Arkansas, and was appointed an Associate Justice of
the United States Court for that Territory.
Stoiighton, William X. — Born in New York,
March 20, 1827 ; studied law, and on comins; to the
bar, settled in Sturges, Michigan, in 1851 ; from 1856
to 1860 he was Prosecuting Attorney ; in 1861 was
appointed by President Lincoln United States District
Attorney for Michigan, which he soon resigned ; en-
tered the Volunteer Army as Lieutenant-Colonel ;
was promoted Colonel, and commanded in all the
operations of his regiment until wounded at Atlanta;
during the war he was brevetted a Brigadier-General
for " gallantry on the field," and after the war was
brevetted a Major-General ; he had the credit of firing
the last gun at Chickamauga ; commanded a brigade
at Mission Ridge and in the Atlanta campaign ; lost
a leg by a cannon ball at Rupps' Station, in front of
Atlanta ; in 1866 he was elected Attorney-General of
Michigan ; and in 1868 a Representative from that
State to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Military Affairs and Revolutionary Pen-
sions. Re-elected to the Forty-second Congress,
serving on important Committees.
Stoutf Jacob, — While holding the position of
Lieutenant-Governor of Delaware in 1820, he was made
Acting Governor of that State, serving one year.
Stoiitf Lansing, — Born in Pamelia, New York,
March 27, 1828 ; received a limited education, and
commenced active life by working on a farm and
teaching school ; became a Superintendent of public
schools, and studied law ; went to California in 1851,
and in 1856 was elected to the California Legislature;
in 1857 he went to Oregon and turned his attention
to the practice of law ; and in 1858 he was elected
Judge of Multnomah County ; and before the close
of that year was elected a Representative from Ore-
gon to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem-
ber of the Committee on Expenses in the State De-
partment, and of the Special Committee of Thirty -
three on the Rebellious States. Subsequently served
in the State Legislature, and died in 1870.
Stover, John H, — Born in Aaron sburg, Center
County, Pennsylvania, April 24, 1833 ; received a
good English education ; studied law, and came to
the bar in 1857 ; in 1858 he was chosen District At-
torney for Center County ; in 1861 he entered the
Volunteer Army as a private ; was at once made a
Captain ; served as Major of the 106th regiment of
Pennsylvania Volunteers until 1864 ; as Colonel of the
184th regiment until the close of the war ; and hav-
ing participated in the battle of Yorktown, the Seven
Days' battles, and those of Fredericksburg, Antietam,
Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg, and was present at
the final surrender of the rebel forces. He was
several times honorably mentioned by his superiors
in command. After the war he removed to Missouri,
and was elected a Representative from that State to
the Fortieth Congress, for the unexpired term of J.
W. McClurg, serving on the Committee on Elections.
StoWf Silas, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York from 1811 to 1813.
Stoivellf William H, H, — He was born in Wind-
sor, Vermont, July 26, 1840 ; educated at the high
schools of Boston ; engaged in mercantile business,
and settled in Virginia in 1865 ; was appointed Col-
lector of Internal Revenue for the Fourth District in
1869 ; elected to the Forty-second, Forty-third, and
Forty -fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee
on Post-Offices and Post-Roads.
Stower, tTohn G, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829, and was
a State Senator from Madison County in 1833 and
1834.
Strader, Otto, — He was an early emigrant to
Louisiana, and in 1806 he was appointed a Judge of
the United States District Court for the District of
Louisiana.
StradeVf P, W, —He was born in Warren, New
Jersey. November 6, 1818 ; removed to Cincinnati,
Ohio, with his parents in 1819, going down the great
river in a flat-boat ; spent three years of his boyhood
in a printing-office ; served as a clerk in Easton,
Pennsylvania, but returned to Ohio in 1835 ; from
that year until 1848, he served as a clerk and an
engineer on the steamboats of the Ohio ; was a gener-
al ticket agent for the Little Miami Railroad for many
years, resigning the position in 1867 ; and in 1868 he
was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Forty-
first Congress, serving on the Committees on Coins,
Weights and Measures, and Interior Department.
Straitf Horace S, — He was born in Potter
County, Pennsylvania, January 26, 1835 ; received a
good education ; removed to Indiana in 1864, and to
Minnesota in 1855 ; entered the Army in 1862 as Cap-
tain of Infantry ; was promoted, serving at the
close of the war as Inspector-General on the staff of
General McArthur ; was elected Mayor of Shakopee
in 1870, and re-elected in 1871 and 1872 ; was one of
the Trustees of the Minnesota Hospital for the Insane;
was engaged in manufacturing and banking business,
and was President of the First National Bank of Sha-
kopee ; and elected to the Forty-third Congress and
re-elected to the Forty-fourth, serving on the Com-
mittees on Weights and Measures and Public Build-
ings.
Stranahanf J, S, T, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1855 to 1857.
Strange, Mohert, — ^Born in Virginia, September
20, 1796 ; educated at Hampden Sidney College ;
studied law, and removed to North Carolina, where
he took high position in his profession ; he served a
number of years in the State Legislature ; w^as elected
in 1826 a Judge of the Superior Court ; and held the
office until he was elected a Senator of the United
States from 1836 to 1841, but resigned his seat in
1840, having received from his State instructions in-
compatible with his ideas of duty. He was subse-
quently appointed Solicitor for the Fifth Judicial
District of the State, and, toward the close of his life,
was wholly devoted to his profession. He was the
author of a novel, printed for private circulation, en-
titled " Eoneguski ; or, the Cherokee Chief." He died
in 1854.
Stratton, Charles C — Born in New Jersey in
1796 ; was an active politician ; served a number of
years in the State Legislature ; and was a Represent-
ative in Congress from New Jersey from 1837 to 1839,
and again from 1841 to 1843. He was also a member
of the " Constitutional Convention " of 1844, and
Governor of New Jersey from 1844 to 1848 ;
after which he retired to his farm in Gloucester
County, where he died, March 30, 1859, He was a
candidate for election to the Twenty-sixth Congress,
and, although he appeared with the broad seal of his
State, he was not admitted.
Stratton, John, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1801 to 1803.
Stratton, John L, N, — Born in Mount Holly,
. New Jersey, in 1817 ; graduated at Princeton College
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
411
in 1836 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1839 ; and in 1858 lie was elected a Representative
from New Jersey to tlie Thirty-sixth Congress, serv-
ing as a member of the Committee on Elections, and
the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebel-
lious States. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Ways and
Means, and on National Armories. He was also a
Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention"
of 186G.
StrattoUf Nathan T, — Born in New Jersey,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1851 to 1855.
Straubf Christian W, — Born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1853 to 1855.
StrawhridgCf tfatnes D. — He was born in
Montour County, Pennsylvania, in 1824 ; received a
good education at Princeton College, graduating in
1844; graduated in medicine at the University of
Pennsylvania in 1847 ; practiced medicine at Danville;
entered the Army as a IBrigade-Surgeon of Volunteers
and served throughout the war ; was captured while
Medical Director of the Eighteenth Army Corps in
front of Richmond, and remained three months in
Libby Prison ; resumed the practice of medicine after
the close of the war ; and he was elected to the
Forty-third Congress from Pennsylvania, serving on
the Committees on Civil Service and Invalid Pensions.
Street, Mandall S, — He was born in Catskill,
New York, in 1780 ; and, after receiving a good edu-
cation, studied law and settled in the practice of the
profession at Poughkeepsie. In 1810 he was ap-
pointed District Attorney for the State, and re-ap-
pointed in 1813, but soon afterwards as Major and
Lieutenant-Colonel, served in the army during the
war with England. He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York fiom 1819 to 1821, and occu-
pied a high position as such; he was also promoted
to the rank of General of the Militia. In 1823 he
removed to Monticello, in Sullivan County, where he
continued to reside, in the practice of his profession,
until his death, which occurred in 1841. He was the
father of the gifted poet Alfred B. Street, and a re-
lation also of Augustus R. Street, who founded the
Fine Art Gallery of Yale College.
Street er^ F, H, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and in 1854 he was appointed from that State Solici-
tor of the United States Treasury, remaining in office
until 1857.
Strickland f O. jP. — He was an early emigrant to
Utah, and he was appointed an Associate Justice of
the United States Court for that Territory.
Strickland f Randolph, — Born in Danville,
Steuben County, New York, February 4, 1823 ; re-
ceived a common- school education, and engaged in
teaching ; removed to Michigan in 1844 ; and studied
law ; came to the bar in 1849 ; was Prosecuting Attor-
ney for Clinton County in 1852, 1854, 1856, 1858, 1862 ;
was elected to the State Senate in 1861 and 1862 ;
was a Provost Marshal from 1863 to 1865 ; member of
the State Republican Committee ; Delegate to the
National Conventions of 1856 and 1868 ; and was
elected a Representative from Michigan to the Forty-
first Congress, serving on the Committees on Invalid
Pensions, and Mines and Mining.
Strohm^ John, — He was bom October 16, 1793,
in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in what is now
Fulton Township ; received a common-school educa
tion, and laught school for six years. In 1831 he was
elected a member in the Legislature of his na-
tive State, serving three sessions in the House and
eight in the Senate, and during one tenn as Speaker.
He was a Representative in Congress from 1845 to
1847, and for a second term ending in 1849. He was
also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalist's Con-
vention " of 1866.
Strong, Caleb, — Born in Northampton, Massa-
chusetts, January, 1745, and graduated at Harvard
College in 1764. In consequence of poor health he did
not commence the practice of law for eight years af-
terwards. He spent his life at Northampton, where
his paternal ancestors had lived from the year 1659.
In 1775 he was a member of the Committee of Safe-
ty ; and in 1780 he was chosen one of the Council of
Massachusetts. In 1779 he assisted in forming the
Constitution of that State ; and in 1787 he also assist-
ed in forming the Constitution of the United States,
but did not sign that instrument. From 1789 to 1797
he was a Senator in Congress, and from 1800 to 1807
he was Governor of the State ; also from 1812 to
1816 ; and a Presidential Elector in 1809. Governor
Strong was a man of unimpeachable moral character,
and he possessed a vigorous and well-cultivated mind.
He died November 7, 1819.
Strong, Jaines, — He was born in Windham,
Connecticut, in 1783, and graduated at the University
of Vermont in 1806 ; was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York from 1819 to 1821 ; and again
from 1823 to 1831. He died in Chester, New Jersey,
August 8, 1847.
Strong, Jedediah, — He was a Delegate from
Connecticut to the Continental Congress from 1782 to
1784.
Strong, tTulius L, — Born in Bolton, County of
Tolland, Connecticut, November 8, 1828 ; went
through a course of studies at Union College, but did
not graduate, and attended the Law School at Balls-
ton in New York ; studied law, came to the bar in
1853, and settled in Hartford ; was a member of the
Connecticut Legislature for two years ; and in 1869
he was elected a Representative from Connecticut to
the Forty-first Congress ; and re-elected to the Forty-
second Congress. Died in Hartford, Connecticut,
September 7, 1872.
Strong, Selah B, — He was born in Brookhaven,
Long Island, May 1, 1792 ; graduated at Yale College
in 1811 ; studied law and was admitted to the bar in
1814 ; was at one time Attorney for Suffolk County ;
a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845 ; and
was appointed in 1847 a Judge of the Supreme Court
of New York.
Strong, Si'tneon, — Born in Northampton, March
6, 1736 ;' graduated at Yale College in 1756 ; was
tutor in that institution from 1757 to 1760 ; Minister
of Simsbury, now Granby, from 1761 to 1768. He
published " Astronomy Improved," in 1784.
Strong, Solomon, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Massachusetts from 1815 to 1819. He
was also a member of the State Legislature in 1812,
1813, 1843, and 1844 ; Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas from 1818 to 1842 ; and died September 16,
1850, aged seventy-one years.
Strong, Stephen, — He was born in Connecticut,
and was a Representative in Congress from New York
from 1845 to 1847.
Strong, Theron J?.— He was born in Connecti-
cut ; served in the Assembly of New York from
412
BIOGKAPHICAL ANNALS
Wajne County, in 1842 ; and was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1839 to 1841.
Strong f William, — He was born in Windham
County, Connecticut, and was a Representative in
Congress from Vermont from 1811 to 1815, and again
from 1819 to 1821. He was also a Sheriff for eight
years in Hartford County ; Judge of the same Coun-
ty ; and member of the State Legislature for eight
years.
Strong^ William, — Bom in Somers, Tolland
County, Connecticut, May 6, 1808. Educated at Plain-
field Academy and at Yale College. After graduating,
in 1828, he taught school in Connecticut and in New
Jersey, meanwhile studying law ; was admitted to
the bar in Philadelphia in 1882, and soon after began
to practice law in Reading, Berks County, Pennsyl-
vania. He was elected from Pennsylvania to the
Thirtieth and to the Thirty-first Congresses. Upon
retiring from Congress he resumed his profession,
and continued in the practice until 1857, when he
was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Penn-
sylvania for fifteen years. Resigned that position in
1868 and returned to the bar ; and in 1870 he was
appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
of the United States. In 1867 he received from La-
fayette College the degree of LL.D., and the same
honor from Yale College and the College of New
Jersey.
Strong^ William, — He was bom in Vermont,
was an early emigrant to the Territory of Washing-
ton, and was appointed an Associate Justice of the
United States for the Territory of Washington.
Strothet^ George F, — He was a native of Cul-
pepper County, Virginia, a lawyer by profession, and
a Representative in Congress from Virginia from 1817
to 1820, when he was appointed Receiver of Public
Moneys at St. Louis, Missouri.
Strother^ James F, — He was born in Culpep-
per County, Virginia, September 4, 1811 ; received a
collegiate education, and adopted the profession of
law. He served ten years in the Legislature of Vir-
ginia, having occupied the chair of Speaker during
the sessions of 1847 and 1848. He was a member in
1850 of the Convention which formed the present
Constitution of the State ; and a Representative in
Congress from 1851 to 1853. Died in Culpepper
County, September 20, 1860.
Stroudf George 3IcDotvell, — He was born in
Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, October 12, 1795 ; grad-
uated at New Jersey College in 1817 ; was many years
Judge of the District Court of Philadelphia. Pub-
lished " Sketch of the Laws relative to Slavery in
several of the States," in 1827 and 1856 ; also pam-
phlets and articles in the Law Register, etc.
Strouse, Myer, — Was born in Germany, Decem-
ber 16, 1825 ; came with his father to the United
States in 1832, and settled in Pottsville, Pennsyl-
vania ; received an academic education and studied
law ; from 1848 to 1852 he edited a newspaper in
Philadelphia called the North American Farmer,
after which he devoted himself to the practice of his
profession ; and in 1862 he was elected a Repesent-
ative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals.
Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Territories, Expenses in the In-
terior Department, and Mines and Mining.
StrudtvicTCf William, E. — He was a Represent-
ative in Congress from Maryland from 1796 to 1797.
Stuart f Alexander, — In 1809 he was ap
pointed an Associate Justice of the United States
Court for the Territory of Illinois, and in 1814 he
was transferred to a similar position in the Territory
of Missouri.
Stuart f Alexander H, H, — He was born in
Staunton, Virginia, April 2, 1807 ; his early educa-
tion was received at the Stauntion Academy, and in
1824 he spent one session at William and Mary Col-
lege ; he then commenced the study of law, which
he finished at the University of Virginia, in 1828, and
was admitted to practice in Staunton in that year.
His political career began as a member of the
" Young Men's Convention " in Washington, in 1832.
In 1836 he was elected a member of the House of
Delegates, of Virginia, from t!ie County of Augusta,
and was re-elected in 1837 and 1838. In 1839 he de-
clined a re-election, and pursued the practice of law.
He took an active part in the canvass of 1840 for
President Harrison. In 1841 he was elected a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Virginia, and served
till 1843. In 1844 he delivered the annual address
before the American Institute in New York City. He
was Presidential Elector on the Clay ticket in 1844,
having been, from the outset of life, a devoted per-
sonal friend of that statesman. He was also a Presi-
dential Elector in 1848. In 1850 he was invited, by
President Fillmore, to fill the office of Secretary of the
Interior, which he held until 1853, and then returned
to his profession in Staunton. In 1856 he was a mem-
ber of the Convention which nominated Mr. Fillmore.
In 1857 was elected to the State Senate of Virginia
for four years, and devoted himself especially to the
subject of internal improvements. He was also a
Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con-
gress " in 1866.
Stuart f Andrew, — Born in Pennsylvania ; and
was elected a Representative in Congress from Ohio
from 1853 to 1855.
Stuartf Archibald, — He was born in Virginia,
and elected a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1837 to 1839.
Stuartf Charles E, — He was born in Columbia
County, New York, November 25, 1810, and adopted
the profession of law. He was a member of the
Michigan Legislature in 1842 ; a Representative in
the Thirtieth and Thirty-second Congresses ; and
was elected in 1853, for six years, a Senator in Con-
gress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Pub-
lic Lands. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel-
phia " National Union Convention" of 1866.
Stuartf David, — He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress from Michigan
from 1853 to 1855.
Stuart f John T, — Was born in Fayette County,
Kentucky, November 10. 1807 ; graduated at the Cen-
tre College. Danville, in 1826 ; and, having studied
law, settled in Illinois, where he has since practiced
his profession. In 1832 and 1834 he was a member
of the Illinois Legislature ; he was elected a Rep-
resentativ'e from Illinois, to the Twenty-sixth and
Twenty-seventh Congresses, serving on the Commit-
tee on Territories. In 1848 he was elected to the
State Senate, serving four years ; and in 1862 he was
re-elected a Representative to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs.
Stuartf Philip, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland from 1811 to 1819.
Sturgeon, Daniel, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, October 27, 1789 ; was a Senator in Congress
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
413
from Pennsylvania from 1840 to 1851, serving on a
great variety of committees ; and in 1853 was ap-
pointed by President Pierce, Treasurer at Philadel-
phia.
Stiirges, tlohn, — He was born in New Jersey
in 1805 ; educated for the legal profession ; besides
holding many minor offices in New Durham, he was
a member of the Board of Freeholders, and from 1803
to 1873 an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of
New Jersey. Died in New Durham, April 26, 1875.
SturgiSf tTonathan, — Born at Fairfield, Con-
necticut, August 23, 1740 ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1759, and became a lawyer. In 1775 he was
chosen a Delegate to Congress; he espoused and sup-
ported the cause of Independence, and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from 1789 to 1793, when he
was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Con-
necticut, and continued in the office until 1805. He
was also a Presidential Elector in 1797 and 1805 ;
and the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by
Yale College. He died at Fairfield, October 4, 1819.
Tlie prominent merchant of New York, bearing the
same name, was his grandson.
SturgiSf Lewis Burr, — Born in Fairfield, Con-
necticut, in 1762, and graduated at Yale College in
1782. He was a Representative in Congress from
Connecticut from 1805 to 1817 ; and subsequently
emigrated to the State of Ohio. He died in Norwalk,
Ohio, March 30, 1844.
Sullivan^ George, — He was born in Durham,
New Hampshire, in 1772 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1790, and commenced in early life the
practice of law in Exeter, which he continued for
more than forty years, and acquired a high reputa-
tion. He was a Representative in the General Court
in 1805 and 1813 ; a Representative in Congress in
1811 and 1812 ; and a member of the State Senate in
1814 and 1815. He was twenty-one years Attorney-
General of the State, which office he resigned in
1836. He died in Exeter, June 14, 1838, highly
esteemed for his talents and public usefulness.
Sullivanf James, — Born in Berwick, Massa-
chusetts (now Maine), April 22, 1744 ; was educated
by his father ; he was a lawyer by profession ;
settled at Biddeford, and was King's Attorney for the
County of York. He took an active part on the side
of his country during the Revolution. In 1775 he
was a member of the Provincial Congress, and in 1776
was appointed Judge of the Superior Court ; was a
Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1782 ; a
member of the Executive Council, and Judge of Pro-
bate. In 1790 was appointed Attorney-General, which
office he retained till 1807, when he was elected Gov-
ernor of the State. He was the author of a " History
of Maine;" a "Dissertation on Banks, and on the
Suability of States;" "History of Land Titles in
Massachusetts;" a "Dissertation on the Constitu-
tional Liberty of the Press," and a " History of the
Penobscot Indians." Died December 10, 1808. Had
the title of LL.D.
SiilHvan, John, — Born in Massachusetts, Feb-
ruary 17, 1740 ; and died in New Hampshire, Janu-
ary 23, 1795. He settled as a lawyer in that State ;
attained the rank of Major-General in the Revolu-
tionary army ; was captured at the battle of Long
Island, and commanded a division at Trenton, Bran-
dywine, and Germantown, and also an expedition
against the Indians. He was a Delegate from New
Hampshire to the Continental Congress in 1774 and
1775, and again in 1780 and 1781 ; three years Presi-
dent of New Hampshire ; and in 1789 he was ap-
pointed a Judge of the District Court, which office he
held until his death.
Sullivan^ Peter tf, — He was a citizen of Ohio,
and from 1867 to 1869, held the position of Minister
Resident to Colombia. In 1868, in concert with Caleb
Cushing, he was instructed to negotiate a treaty with
that country for a Ship Canal across the Isthmus.
Su^nmerSf George W, — He was born in Fair-
fax County, Virginia, near Alexandria, but has lived
from infancy in Kanawha County, in the western
part of the State, He was educated for the legal
profession, and came to the bar in 1827. In 1830 he
was elected a member of the House of Delegates, and
continued to represent Kanawha County in the Legis-
lature for several years. He was elected to the House
of Representatives in the spring of 1841, and re-
elected in 1843, serving throughout the twenty-
seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses. In 1850 he
was elected a member of the State Convention which
framed the present Constitution of Virginia. In 1851
he was unanimously nominated as the Whig candidate
for Governor at the first election of the Governor by
the people, that officer having been previously chosen
by the Legislature, but was defeated. In May, 1852,
he was elected Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial Cir-
cuit in Virginia, and having served in that capacity
for six years, he resigned his office, July 1, 1858, there
being two years of the term for which he had been
elected unexpired. He has of late devoted himself to
agriculture and the practice of law, and was a Dele-
gate to the " Peace Congress" of 1861.
Sumner f Charles, — Was born in Boston, Mas-
sachusetts, January 6, 1811 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1830 ; spent the three following years at
the Cambridge Law School ; had the editorial charge
for three years of the American Jurist ; was admit-
ted to the bar in 1834, and settled in Boston ; was
subsequently the Reporter of the United States Cir-
cuit Court, and published three volumes, which now
bear his name ; was for three winters a teacher at
the Cambridge Law School ; soon afterwards edited
" Dunlap's Treatise on Admiralty Practice;" and
about this time declined a Professorship tendered to
him by his Alma Mater. In 1837 he visited Europe,
was received with marked attention in England, and
remained abroad until 1840. During the years 1844
to 1846 he produced an edition of " Vesey's Reports,"
in twenty volumes ; from that time onward he fre-
quently appeared in public as a speaker on various
philanthropic and literary subjects, and two volumes
of his orations were published in 1850. In 1851 he
was elected a Senator in Congress from Massachu-
setts ; in 1856, for words uttered in debate on the
subject of Slavery, he was assaulted at his desk in
the Senate Chamber, by Preston S. Brooks, a Repre-
sentative from South Carolina, from the effects of
which his health suffered, and he again visited Eu-
rope, having been, just before his departure, re-elected
for a second term to the Senate. In 1853 he published
a work on "White Slavery in the Barbary States,"
and in 1856 a volume of " Speeches and Addresses."
In 1863 he was re-elected to the Senate for the third
term, ending in 1869, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Foreign Relations, and on several other
important committees ; and was also a member of the
National Committee appointed to accompany the re-
mains of President Lincoln to Illinois. He was also
a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Conven-
tion " of 1866. Died in Washington, March 11, 1874.
Sumner, Increase, — Born in Roxbury, Massa-
chusetts, November 27, 1746 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1767 ; taught school at Roxbury two
years ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1770, and commenced practice in Roxbury, became
414
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
successful, and received the degree of LL.D. ; lie was
a State Representative from 1776 to 1780 ; a Senator
from 1780 to 1782, and an Associate Judge of the Su-
preme Judicial Court from 1782 to 1797 ; member of
the State Constitutional Convention in 1779 ; and in
1789 a member of the Convention for the adoption of
the Federal Constitution ; and was Governor of Mas-
sachusetts from 1797 to 1799. Died June 7, 1799.
Sumter f Thomas, — A distinguished soldier of
the American Revolution ; was a citizen of South
Carolina ; and was promoted by Governor Rutledge,
in 1780, from the office of Colonel to that of Brigadier-
General. For his services he received the thanks of
Congress, and the applause of his country. He was
a Representative in Congress from South Carolina
from 1789 to 1793, and was one of those who voted
for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac ;
and in 1801 he was elected a Senator in Congress,
serving until 1809, when he was appointed Minister
to Brazil. After spending two years abroad, he re-
turned home and was re-elected to the Senate. He
died suddenly, June 1, 1832, aged ninety-seven, at
Strasburg. The naming of Fort Sumter was a tribute
to his memory,
Sumter, Thomas J). — Born in Pennsylvania,
and elected a Representative in Congress from South
Carolina from 1840 to 1843.
Sutherland, Jabez G. — He was born in Onon-
daga County, New York, October 6, 1825 ; removed
with his father to Michigan in 1836 ; studied law, and
came to the bar in 1848 ; in 1849 he settled in Sagi-
naw City, and was made Prosecuting Attorney for
that County ; was a Delegate to the Constitutional
Convention of 1850. In 1853 he was elected to the
State Legislature ; during the next ten years, was
wholly devoted to the practice of his profession; in
1858 he was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate
for the office of Attorney-General ; in 1863 he was
elected Circuit Judge of the Tenth Circuit, and re-
elected to the same position in 1869 wiihout opposi-
tion. His Circuit was for a time the largest in the
State, and his written decisions would fill many vol-
umes. He was also a Delegate to the Constitutional
Convention of 1867. In August, 1870, he was, con-
trary to his will, elected to the Forty-second Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs.
Sutherland, Joel S, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Philadelphia County, Pennsyl-
vania, from 1827 to 1837, and was Chairman of the
Committee on Commerce during the Twenty-fourth
Congress. Died in Philadelphia, November 15, 1861.
Sutherlatidf Josiah, — He was born in New
York, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-
second Congress from that State. He was subse-
quently a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State.
Sivain, David Lowry, — Born near Ashville,
North Carolina, January 4, 1801 ; graduated at the
University of North Carolina ; was admitted to the
bar in 1823 ; and soon entered upon a lucrative prac-
tice ; in 1824 was elected to represent Buncombe
County in the House of Commons of the State ; in
1831 was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court ;
from 1832 to 1835 was Governor of the State; and from
tliat time until his death was President of the Uni-
versity of North Carolina. He published "British
Invasion of North Carolina in 1776," 8vo, 1853 ; and
contributed many valuable papers on the History of
North Carolina to the University Magazine. Died
at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, September 3, 1868.
Swan, tfohn, — He was a Delegate from North
Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1787 to
1788.
Swan, Samuel, — Born in Somerset County, New
Jersey, in 1771 ; was a Representative in Congress
from New Jersey from 1821 to 1831 ; and died at
Brunswick, New Jersey, August 24, 1844.
Swann, Thomas, — He was born in Alexandria,
Virginia, and educated at Columbia College and the
University of Virginia ; studied law with his father
in Washington, and was appointed Secretary of the
Neapolitan Commission ; in 1834 he settled in Balti-
more, and two years afterward was chosen a Direc-
tor of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company ; in
1847 he was chosen President of the same, which he
resigned in 1853 ; was also President of the North-
western Virginia Railroad Company, disbursing in
behalf of the two roads about thirteen million dol-
lars ; after a sojourn in Europe, he was, in 1856, elect-
ed Mayor of Baltimore, and re-elected in 1858 ; he
was the originator of the Druid Hill Park in that
city ; having emancipated his slaves before the Re-
bellion, he continued a Union man during the war ;
in 1863 he was elected President of the First Nation-
al Bank of Baltimore ; in 1864, he was elected Gover-
nor of Maryland ; in 1866, he was elected a Senator
in Congress, but declined to leave the Executive
chair, and in 1868 he was elected a Representative
from Maryland to the Forty-first Congress, serving
on the Committees on Private Land Claims, and
Foreign Affairs. He was also re-elected to the three
subsequent Congresses, serving on the Committee on
Appropriations and others of importance. In Decem-
ber, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs.
Swanwich, John, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1798,
having resigned before the expiration of his second
term.
Swart, Peter, — He was a member of the New
York Senate from Schoharie County from 1817 to
1820, and had been a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1807 to 1809.
Swayne, Noah H, — Born in Culpepper Coun-
ty, Virginia, December 27, 1804. While performing
the duties of a clerk in an apothecary store, in Alex-
andria, he acquired the rudiments of an English and
classical education, and prepared himself for the
Medical profession. He soon began the study of law,
at Warrenton, and after his admission to the bar, in
1824, he removed to Ohio, and settled at Coshocton.
In 1829 he was elected to the Legislature of that
State ; in 1830 he was appointed United States Dis-
trict-Attorney for Ohio, holding the position nine
years, and residing in Columbus. In 1834 he was
chosen Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, but de-
clined the office. In 1836 he was again elected to the
State Legislature, and took part in organizing Insti- ■
tutions or Asylums for the benefit of the blind, the
lunatic, and the deaf and dumb of the State ; and in
1861 he was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court
of the United States.
Swearinf/eUf Henry, — Born in Pennsylvania ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Ohio
from 1839 to 1841.
Swearingen, Thomas V, — He was born in
Jefferson County, Virginia ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1819 to
1822, when he died in Virginia,
Sweat, Lorenzo D, M, — Born in Parsonville,
York County, Maine, May 26, 1818; graduated at
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
415
Bowdoin College in 1837, and at the Harvard Law
School in 1840 ; during the next two years he prac-
ticed law in New Orleans ; in 1856 and 1860 he was
a City Solicitor in Portland ; in 1862 a member of the
the State Senate ; and was elected a Representative
from Maine to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving
on the Committee on Private Land Claims. He was
also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union
Convention " of 1866.
Sweeney, W, W, — He was born in Kentucky,
May 5, 1832 ; received a good education, and, having
studied law, came to the bar, and has ever since been
engaged in that profession ; and in 1868 he was elect-
ed a Representative from Kentucky to the Forty-
first Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid
Pensions.
Stveeni/f George, — Born in Pennsylvania ; and
was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from
1839 to 1843.
Stveetser^ Charles, — Born in Vermont; and
was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from
1849 to 1853.
Siviftf JSenJamin, — He was born in Amenia,
New York, April 5, 1781 ; he received an academic
education ; studied law, and was admitted to practice
at Bennington in 1806 ; he was settled for a time in
Manchester, and subsequently in St. Albans, where
he rose to eminence in his profession. In 1813 and
1814, 1825 and 1826, he was a Representative to the
General Assembly ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Vermont from 1827 to 1831. He re-
ceived the degree of A. M. from Middlebury College
in 1820, and was a member of the Corporation of that
Institution from 1830 to 1839. In 1833 he was elect-
ed to the Senate of the United States for six years,
after which he retired to private life. While in ap-
parent good health he died suddenly, in an open field
on his farm, November 11, 1847.
^ Stviftf Zephaniah, — He was born in Wareham,
Massachusetts, in 1759 ; graduated at Yale College in
1778, and established himself as a lawyer at Wind-
ham, Connecticut, \\here his superior talents gained
him a lucrative practice in his profession. He was a
Representative in Congress from Connecticut from
1793 to 1797 ; and in 1800 was Secretary to Ellisworth,
Davie, and Murray, in their mission to France. Soon
after his return he was placed on the Bench of the
Superior Court of the State, where he continued
eighteen years, during the last five of which he was
Chief Justice. He was afterwards a member of the
State Legislature, and was one of the Committee to
revise the Statute Laws of the State, He was also a
Delegate to the "Hartford Convention," He pub-
lished several works ; among them was a " Digest of
the Laws of Connecticut, on the model of Black-
stone." He died at Warren, Ohio, September 27,
1823.
Swing ^ Philip JB, — He was born in Ohio ; re-
sided at Batavia, in that State, whence he was ap-
pointed, in 1871, United States Judge for the South-
ern District of Ohio.
Switzler, William Franklin, — He was born
in Fayette County, Kentucky, March 16, 1819 ; re-
moved with his father to Missouri in 1826 ; was edu-
cated at Mount Forest Academy ; studied law, and
came to the bar at Columbia, in 1841 ; in that year he
became editor of a paper called the Patriot ; in 1843,
he established the Missouri Statesman, which he has
ever since conducted. In 1846, and in 1848, he was
elected to the State Legislature, and again elected in
1856 ; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of
1860 ; in 1862, he was appointed Military Secretary
of State for Arkansas, under the Military Governor,
John S. Phelps ; in 1863, he was appointed by Presi-
dent Lincoln, Provost Marshal in Missouri ; was a
Delegate to the Missouri Constitutional Convention
of 1865; in 1866, he unsuccessfully contested the seat
in the Fortieth Congress of George W. Anderson ;
but in 1868, he was re-elected to the Forty-first Con-
gress, In March, 1868, and January, 1869, the Com-
mittee of Elections, with only one dissenting voice,
declared him entitled to a seat in the Fortieth Con-
gress ; but the House, by a vote of fifty-five to eighty-
nine, rejected his claim.
Swoope, Jacob, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1809 to 1811.
Swrope, Samuel F, — He was born in Kentucky,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1855 to 1857.
Si/keSf Geoi^ge, — He was born in New Jersey,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1843 to 1847.
SyJceSf flames, — He was a Delegate from Dela-
ware to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1778.
He held various important positions in the State, be-
fore and after the Revolution.
Symmes, John Cleves, — Born on Long Island,
July 21, 1742 ; was a Delegate to the Continental Con-
gress from Delaware in 1785 and 1786 ; Judge of the
Superior Court of New Jersey ; afterwards Chief Jus-
tice, and in 1788 was appointed Judge of the North-
west Territory ; and was founder of the settlements
in the Miami country.
Sypher, J, Hale, — Born in Pennsylvania, July
22, 1837 ; received a liberal education, and studied
law ; entered the army in 1861 as a private soldier,
and attained the rank of Brigadier-General ; on being
mustered out of military service in 1865, he was ad-
mitted to the bar, but devoted himself to planting in
Louisiana ; and was elected a Representative from
that State to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committee on the Militia. Re-elected to the three
subsequent Congresses, serving on various Commit-
tees.
Taher, Stephen, — He was born in Dover, Dutch-
ess County, New York (his father, Thomas Taber,
having also served in Congress) ; received a good
academical education ; in 1839 he settled in Queens
County, on Long Island, and was engaged in the pur-
suit of farming ; in 1860 and 1861 he was elected to
the State Legislature ; and in 1864 be was elected a
Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands.
Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committee on Public Expenditures.
Taber, Thomas, — He was born in New York,
May 19, 1785 ; was devoted to agricultural pursuits ;
a member of the New York Legislature in 1826 ; a
Representative in Congress from New York from 1827
to 1829 ; and died March 21, 1862.
Tahert, Alfred T, A .—He was a citizen of Dela-
ware, and in 1869 he was Minister Resident to Sal-
vador, where he remained until 1871, when he was
appointed Consul-General to Havana.
Tab or, Stephen J, TF.— He was bom in Cor-
inth, Vermont, August 5, 1815 ; became an orphan in
his eleventh year ; received an academical education,
and commenced active life by teaching school ; wrote
for the press, and published a work translated from
416
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
the French ; soon connected himself with a paper
called the Beacon in New York City, and also with the
Sun; in 1837 he removed to Ashfield, Massachusetts,
and studied medicine ; then had charge of a news-
paper at Northampton ; graduated at the College of
Physicians in New York in 1840, and practiced his
profession until 1855 ; in the latter year, he removed
to Iowa and published a paper called the Civilian;
served several years as a County Judge, and also as
County Treasurer and Recorder ; and in 1863 he was
appointed, by President Lincoln, Fourth Auditor of
the Treasury, which position he still occupies. He is
fond of books, owns a fine library, and has an unsur-
passed collection of books on Tobacco, Tea, and Coffee.
Taffe, J'oJin, — Born in Indianapolis, Indiana,
January 30, 1827 ; received a classical education, and
adopted the profession of law ; after a brief residence
in Illinois, he removed to Nebraska Territory in 1856 ;
was elected to the Territorial Legislature in 1858 and
1859 ; in 1860 he was elected to the Council, and in
the winter of 1861 was made President of that body ;
in 1862 he raised a regiment of Cavalry for service
against the Indians, and was made a Major, in which
capacity he fought at the battle of White Stone Hills
in 1863 ; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative
from the new State of Nebraska to the Fortieth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Territories and
Indian Affairs. Re-elected to the Forty-first and For-
ty-second Congresses, serving on various Committees,
and as Chairman of that on Territories. In 1875 he
was appointed Secretary of Colorado.
Taggart^ Saimtel, — Born in Londonderry, Mas-
sachusetts, and graduated at Dartmouth in 1774 ; he
studied for the ministry, and settled in Coleraine in
1777. He was elected a Representative in Congress
from Massachusetts, serving from 1803 to 1817 ; and
died in 1825, aged seventy-one years.
Taitf Charles, — He was born in Louisa County,
Virginia, but removed at an early age to Georgia. He
was for several years a Judge of the Superior Court
of Georgia ; and a Senator in Congress from that
State from 1809 to 1819. He distinguished himself
as a supporter of the administration of Madison and
Monroe. In 1819 he removed to Alabama, and was
appointed a Judge of the District Court, when first
established in that State, which office he resigned in
1826. He died in Wilcox County, Alabama, October
7, 1835, in the sixty-eighth year of his age.
Talbotf Isharn, — He was born in Bedford
County, Virginia, in 1773 ; received a good education;
studied law, and practiced with success ; he was a
member of the Kentucky Senate from 1812 to 1815 ;
from 1815 to 1819 a member of the United States
Senate, and for a second term from 1820 to 1825. He
died near Frankfort, September 27, 1837.
Talbot f Mat7i€iv,—BoTn in Virginia in 1767 ;
removed to Georgia in 1785 ; frequently served in the
Legislature ; was a Delegate to the ' Constitutional
Convention of Georgia ; was for many years in the
State Senate, and officiated as President of that body ;
and was acting Governor of the State in 1819. Died
in Wilkes County, September 17, 1827.
Talbot f Silas — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from New York from 1793 to 1794, when he
was appointed, by President Washington, Captain in
the Navy, having previously served a number of years
in the State Assembly from Montgomery County.
Talbot, Thomas jET.— He was born in Maine ;
educated for the bar ; and in 1869 he was appointed
Assistant Attorney-General of the United States, hold-
ing the position about one year.
Talbottf Albert G, — He was born in Kentucky ;
and was elected a Representative from that State
to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and
was Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in
the War Department, and a member of that on
Roads and Canals.
Taliaferro, JBenjamin, — He was a Represent-
ative in Congress from Georgia from 1799 to 1802.
Died September 3, 1821.
Taliaferr^o, John, — He was born in Spottsyl-
vania County, Virginia, in 1768 ; was a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State from 1801 to 1803,
from 1811 to 1813, from 1824 to 1831, and from 1835
to 1843. In 1805 and 1821 he was also a Presidential
Elector. For three years before his death he was
Librarian of the Treasury Department in Washing-
ton. He died at his residence in Virginia, August
18, 1853.
Tallmadge, JBenjatnin, — He was born in Suf-
folk County, New York, February 25, 1754. His
military services were very valuable ; he acted a
prominent part in the capture of Andre ; planned
and conducted the expedition in 1780 which resulted
in the capture of Fort George and the destruction of
the British stores on Long Island ; and was a mem-
ber of Washington's military family. After the war,
having attained the rank of General, he engaged in
mercantile pursuits, and acquired a large property.
He was a Representative in Congress from Connecti-
cut, from 1801 to 1817. He was respected for his
public services and private character, and died in
Litchfield, Connecticut, March 6, 1835.
Talhnadge, Frederick A, — He was born in
Litchfield, Connecticut, August 29, 1792 ; graduated
at Yale College in 1811 ; and, having studied law,
settled in practice in New York in 1814. In 1836 he
was elected an Alderman of the city, and also a State
Senator ; was subsequently five years Recorder of the
City ; a Representative from New York in the Thirti-
eth Congress ; was again Recorder for three years ;
and in 1857 was appointed General Superintendent of
the Metropolitan Police, and was subsequently ap-
pointed Clerk of the Court of Appeals. He was the
son of Benjamin Tallmadge. Died in Litchfield, Sep-
tember 16, 1869.
Tallmadge f JameSf Jv, — He was born in
Stanford, Dutchess County, New York, January 28,
1788; graduated at Brown University in 1798; and was
by profession a lawyer. He was early in life Private
Secretary to Governor Clinton, and dilring the war of
1812 commanded a portion of the force detailed for
the defense of New York City. From 1817 to 1819
he was a Representative in Congress from New York,
and declined a re-election ; he was a member of the
Convention which framed the Constitution of the
State ; and 1823 was elected to the Assembly from
Dutchess County. From 1825 to 1828 he was Lieuten-
ant-Governor under General Clinton, and in 1846 a
member of the " Constitutional Convention " of New
York. For the last twenty years of his life he was
President of the American Institute in New York.
He visited Europe, and benefited the United States
by his introduction of a knowledge of American
machinery into Russia, and induced that government
to adopt it in their manufacture of cotton goods. He
was one of the founders of the University of New
York, and was President of the Council. He was
honored with the degree of LL.D. from that Institu-
tion. He died suddenly in New York City, Septem-
ber 29, 1853.
Tallmadge, Mathias B, — He was a native of
New Yorli ; received a good education and adopted
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
417
the profession of law ; and in 1805 he was appointed,
by President Jefferson, United States Judge for the
Northern District of New York.
TallmadgCf Nathaniel JP. — He was born in
Chatham, Columbia County, New York, February 8,
1795 ; graduated at Union College ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1818 ; was a member of
the Assembly of New York in 1828; of the State Sen-
ate from 1830 to 1833 ; a Senator in Congress from
New York from 1833 to 1844 ; and was subsequently
appointed, by President Tyler, Territorial Governor
of Wisconsin, where he resided, devoted to his pro-
fession. Died at Battle Creek, Michigan, November
2, 1864.
TalhnaUf Peleg, — He was born at Tiverton,
Rhode Island, in 1764; in 1778, at the age of fourteen,
he entered into the privateering service for employ-
ment ; in 1780 he had his left arm shot off ; and in
1781 he was taken prisoner, and was confined in Ire-
land and England until the peace of 1783. He soon
afterwards became commander of a merchant vessel,
and, after following a seafaring life for many years,
lie devoted himself to the business of a merchant, and
acquired a large fortune. He was a Representative
in Congress from Massachusetts from 1811 to 1813,
and died at Bath, Maine, March 8, 1841.
Taney f Roger JB, — He was born in Calvert
County, 'Maryland, March 17, 1777 ; graduated at
Dickinson College in 1795 ; studied law, and came to
the bar in 1799 ; in 1801 he was elected to the State
Assembly and settled at Frederick ; subsequently
served four years in the State Senate, and removed to
Baltimore in 1822 ; in 1827 he was chosen Attorney-
General of Maryland ; in 1831 he was appointed At-
torney-General of the United States in President
Jackson's Cabinet ; was also appointed Secretary of
the Treasury, but rejected by the Senate ; was ap-
pointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States, but again rejected by the Senate ; and in 1836
he was appointed, by President Jackson, Chief Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court of the United States, in
the place of John Marshall, which office he filled with
acknowledged ability until his deatli, which occurred
in Washington City, October 12, 1864. Some of his
decisions, as a Cabinet officer and especially as Chief
Justice, excited great interest throughout the coun-
try. His life, written by his personal friend, Samuel
Tyler, and published in 1872, attracted marked at-
tention, and was considered a work of great ability.
Tanner f A. H, — He was born in Granville,
Washington County, New York, May 23, 1833; he stud-
ied law, and came to the bar in 1853 ; in 1862 he en-
tered the volunteer army as a Captain ; and, as Lieu-
tenant-Colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-third
Regiment of Infantry, served until the close of the
war, first in the Army of the Potomac, and subse-
quently throughout the Atlanta campaign and that
of the Carolinas ; and in 1868 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from New York to the Forty-first Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Public Buildings
and Grounds, and War Department.
Tappan, Benjamin, — Born at Northampton,
Massachusetts, May 25, 1773 ; was taught the busi-
ness of copperplate engraving and printing ; devoted
some attention to portrait-painting ; and subsequent-
ly studied and adopted the profession of law. In
1799 he emigrated to Ohio, and was one of the earliest
settlers there ; in 1803 was elected to the Legislature
of the New State ; he served in the War of 1812 as
Aide-de-camp to General Wadsworth ; was for seven
years President Judge of the Fifth Ohio Circuit ; in
1833 he was appointed, by President Jackson, United
States Judge for the District of Ohio ; and he was
a Senator in Congress from Ohio from 1839 to
1845, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the
Library. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1833.
He died at Steubenville, Ohio, April 12, 1857.
Tappan^ Mason W, — Bom in Newport, Sulli-
van County, New Hampshire ; fitted for College, and
studied law as a profession ; he was a member of the
State Legislature in 1853, 1854, and 1855 ; and a Rep-
resentative from New Hampshire, in the Thirty-
fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth
and Thirty-sixth, serving as a member of the Com-
mittee on the Judiciary, and in the last Congress as
Chairman of the Committee on Claims, and as a mem-
ber of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the
Rebellious States. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelpliia " Loyalist's Convention " of 1866.
Tarhox, John Kemble, — Born in Methuen,
Massachusetts, May 6, 1838 ; received an academic
education ; was admitted to the bar in 1860; served in
the Union Army in the Fourth Regiment of Massachu-
setts Volunteers ; was a member of the Legislature
of Massachusetts in 1868, 1870, and 1871, and of the
State Senate in 1872 ; was Mayor of tlie City of Law-
rence in 1873 and 1874, and was elected a Represent-
ative to the Forty-fourth Congress from Massachu-
setts.
Tarr, Christian, — He was born in Baltimore,
Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress
from Pennsylvania from 1817 to 1819, and again from
1820 to 1821.
TasistrOf Louis Fitzgerald. — He was a na-
tive of Ireland, but came to this country while yet a
young man and settled in New York City. He had
received a liberal education ; was for a time a conspic-
uous member of fasionable society in New York; edited
a paper there, and also in Boston ; published a popu-
ular book entitled " Random Shots and Southern
Breezes" ; removed to Washington City and was for
several years Translator for the Department of State ;
and sub.-^equently devoted some attention to Lec-
turing. His scholarship was of a very superior or-
der ; and his memory so remarkable that he would
occasionally gratify his friends by repeating one of
Shakspeare's drama's from beginning to end, without
omitting a single scene. He has for many years been
leisurely engaged in writing his " Recollections of!
America."
Tate, Magnus, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1815 to 1817, and resid-
ed in Berkeley County of that State.
Tate Thomas M, — He was born in Virginia, and
in 1857 he was appointed from that State Sixth Audi-
tor of the Treasury, remaining in that position until.
1861.
Tatnallf Edtvard F, — He was born in S^van*-
nah, Georgia, and was a Representative in Congress
from Georgia from 1821 to 1827.
Tatnall, Josiah, — He was born at Bonaventure,
near Savannah, and died in the West Indies in 1804.
His boyhood was full of adventure, and at the age
of eighteen he joined the army of General Wayne,
at Ebenezer. In 1793 he was appointed Colonel of a
Georgia Regiment, and in 1800 a Brigadier-General,
participating extensively in the military affairs of the
State, and serving occasionally in the Legislature.
He also served, in 1796, at Louisville, in tlie General
Assembly that rescinded the Yazoo Act of 1795, and
was a Senator in Congress from Georgia from 1796 to
1799.
418
BIOGRAPHICAL ANxvALS
Tatuiyif Absalom, — A Representative in Con-
gress from North Carolina, during the years 1795 and
1796.
Taulf 3Iicah. — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Kentucky from 1815 to 1817.
Tannehill, Adamson, — Born in Frederick
County, Maryland, in 1752 ; served as Captain of a
rifle campany throughout the Revolutionary w^ar ;
removed to Pennsylvania, and settled on a small
farm adjoining Pittsburg ; w^as a Justice of the
Peace at the breaking out of the Whisky Insurrec-
tion, and firmly opposed that outbreak ; served as a
Brigadier-General in the war of 1812 ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from 1812 to 1815, and he died
at Grant's Hill in 1817.
TayleVf John. — Born in New York, July 4,
1742 ; became a merchant at Albany in 1773 ; super-
intended the Commissary Department on the Expe-
dition to Canada in 1775 ; was a member of the Pro-
vincial Congress, and for nearly forty years a mem-
ber of the Legislature of New York ; was Lieuten-
ant-Governor of the State from 1813 to 1823. Died
in Albany, March 19, 1829.
Tayler, Robert Walker, — He was born in
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, November 9, 1812 ; re-
moved with his parents to Ohio, in 1815, locating at
Youngstown, then Trumbull County ; received an
English education, and having studied law, came to
the bar in 1834 ; in 1839 was elected Attorney for
the County of Trumbull, holding the office two years ;
in 1850 he organized the Bank of Mahoning ; in 1851
elected Mayor of Youngstown ; was elected to the
State Senate in 1855 aud 1857 ; was Auditor of the
State from 1860 to 1863 ; and in the latter year he
was appointed First Comptroller of the United States
Treasury, and is still in office.
Taylor, Alexander Wilson, — He was born
in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, March 22, 1815 ;
educated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania ; left
college in the spring of 1836, to become clerk in the
Surveyor-General's office of Pennsylvania ; studied
law at Carlisle, and admitted to the bar in 1841 ; in
1845 was elected Prothonotary and Clerk of the Courts
in Indiana County, and re-elected in 1848 ; was a
member of the Legislature in 1859 and 1860, and
elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the
Committee on Railways and Canals.
Taylor, Asher, — He was a Representative from
New York, to the Twenty-eighth Congress.
Taylor, Caleb W.—He was born in Sunbury,
Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1819 ; from early
boyhood he became engaged in agricultural pursuits,
to which he has ever since been devoted, and in
which he has been eminently successful. Though
never taking an active part in politics, he has served
on many occasions as a Presidential Elector ; been a
Delegate to various local Conventions ; was a Dele-
gate to the "Chicago Convention " of 1860; and in
1866 he was elected a Representative from Pennsyl-
vania to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Territories, and Expenses in the Treasury
Department.
Taylor, George,— Born in Ireland in 1716 ; left
Ms father's house clandestinely and came to Phila-
delphia, where, as a day laborer, he obtained the
.money to pay his passage across the Atlantic ; soon
'became a clerk with the man who had advanced him
money ; and in after years married the widow of his
benefactor. In 1764 he was elected to the Provincial
Assembly at Philadelphia, serving six years ; he was
re-elected to the Assembly in 1775 ; was a Delegate
to the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777, and
was a signer of the Declaration of Independence ;
and spent the remainder of his life in retirement.
He died at Easton, Pennsylvania, February 23, 1781.
Taylor, George, — He was born in Wheeling,
Virginia, October 19, 1820, and, after receiving a lib-
eral education, turned his attention to the study of
medicine, but subsequently adopted the profession
of law ; he was admitted to the bar in 1840, and re-
moved to Indiana, where he was successful as a
special pleader. In 1844 he removed to Alabama,
and there practiced his profession for four years, af-
ter which he removed to New York. In 1856 he was
elected a Representative to the Thirty fifth Congress,
and was a member of the Committees on Revolution-
ary Claims and on the cost of Public Buildings. As
an autlior, writing upon topics connected with the
natural sciences, he has been successful. A work
published in 1851, and entitled ** Indications of the
Creator," has passed through four editions, and been
highly applauded by the critics of England and
France. He has also written much in behalf of pop-
ular education, and his collected addresses and lec-
tures make quite a large and interesting volume.
Taylor, George K, — He was appointed in 1801,
by President Adams, United States Judge of the Cir-
cuit Court for the Fourth Circuit.
Taylor, John, — He was born in Orange County,
Virginia ; was distinguished for his attention to agri-
culture, and published a work entitled " Constructor
Construed ; an Inqury into the Principles and Policy
of the Government of the United States ; " and was a
Senator of the United States from Virginia from 1792
to 1794, but was superseded by A. B. Venable ; also
in 1803, and from 1822 to 1824. He died in Caroline
County, Virginia, August 20, 1824, at an advanced
age.
Taylor, John, — Born in South Carolina in 1770 ;
graduated at Princeton College in 1790 ; studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in 1793, but turned his
attention chiefly to planting ; served in the State Leg-
islature a number of years ; was a Presidential Elector
in 1797 ; was a Representative in Congress from South
Carolina from 1807 to 1809, and also from 1817 to 1821 ;
was a Senator in Congress from 1810 to 1816 ; was a
Trustee of the South Carolina College in 1806 ; a
State Senator in 1810 and 1822 ; Governor of the State
from 1826 to 1828 ; and died in 1832. He was, also,
as one time Receiver of Public Moneys in Mississippi
Territory.
Taylor, John J. — He was born in Massachu-
setts, and, having settled in New York, was elected
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1853 to 1855.
Taylor, John Louis, — Born in London, Eng-
land, March 1, 1769 ; brought to America by his brother
at the age of twelve ; he studied law, and settled in
Fayetteville, North Carolina ; was frequently a mem-
ber of the State Legislature ; was for a short time
Attorney-General of the State ; in 1798 was Judge of
the Superior Court of Law and Equity, and in 1810
was appointed Chief Justice. A volume of his Re-
ports, from 1799 to 1802, was published at Newbern
in 1802, and another, from 1816 to 1818, at Raleigh in
1818 ; and " Charge to the Grand Jury of Edgecombe
Supreme Court," 8vo., 1817. Died January 29, 1829.
Taylor^ John L, — Born in Stafford County, Vir-
ginia, March 7, 1805 ; was educated in the common-
schools and seminaries of the neighborhood ; studied
law in Washington City, and was admitted to the bar
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
419
in 1828 ; settled in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1829 ; he was
for six years Major General of the Ohio Militia ; and
he was a Representative in Congress from Ohio from
1847 to 1855, serving from time to time on important
Committees. In 1870 he was appointed a Clerk in the
Interior Department, and died suddenly in his office,
September 6, 1870.
Taylor f John W, — Bom in Saratoga County,
New York, in 1784, and graduated at Union College
in 1803. He studied law in Albany ; was elected to
the State Legislature in 1811, and while in that body
was elected to Congress, where he served from 1813
to 1833. He was Speaker of the House for the second
session of the Sixteenth Congress, during the passage
of the Missouri Compromise, and was also Speaker of
the Nineteenth Congress. He was a State Senator in
1841 and 1842, and removed to Cleveland, Ohio, in
1843, where he died in September, 1854. He was for
many years a leading and prominent statesman of
New York; and was esteemed for his personal virtues
and liberal hospitality.
Taylor, fTonathan. — He was a native of Con-
necticut, and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1839
to 1841.
Taylor, Miles, — He was born in New York, and,
having taken up his residence in Louisiana, was elected
a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fourth,
Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, and he was
a member of the Committee on Claims, and on the Ju-
diciary, and a member of the Special Committee of
Thirty-three on the Rebellious States ; withdrew in
February, 1861. Declined, by letter, to give the au-
thor any information.
Taylor, Kathaniel G, — Bom in Carter County,
Tennessee, December 29, 1819 ; studied at Washing-
ton College, in that State, but graduated at Princeton
College in 1840 ; studied law, and was admitted to the
bar in 1843 ; and was a Representative in Congress
from Tennessee from 1854 to 1855, as the successor of
Brookins Campbell. He was also a Presidential Elec-
tor in 1853 and 1860, and was for several years a Min-
ister in the Methodist Episcopal Church South, In
1865 he was re-elected a Representative from Tennes-
see to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not admitted
to his seat until near the end of the first session of that
Congress, serving on two or three Committees. In
March, 1867, he was appointed by President Johnson
Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
Taylor, Kelson, — Born in South Norwalk, Con-
necticut, June 8, 1821 ; received a common-school
education, and adopted the profession of law ; as Cap-
tain in the First Regiment of New York Volunteers, he
fought through the Mexican war ; was elected in 1849
to the State Senate of California ; was President of
the Board of Trustees of the California Hospital
(which subsequently became the State Insane Asylum)
from 1850 to 1856 ; was Sheriff of San Joaquin County,
California, in 1853 ; in 1861 he was mustered into mil-
itary service as Colonel of the Seventy-second Regi-
ment of New York Volunteers ; promoted to the rank
of Brigadier-General in 1862 ; and in 1864 was elected
a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, serving on the Select Committee on Freed-
men, and that on Invalid Pensions.
Taylor, Robert, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia, his native State, from 1825 to
1827.
Taylor, Walter,— He w&s a Senator in Congress
from Indiana from 1816 to 1825, and died in Lunen-
burg County, Virginia, August 26, 1826. He held of-
fices of trust in the Territory of Indiana, such as Ter-
ritorial Judge, in 1806 ; served as Aide-de-Camp to
General Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe, and was
a man of high literary attainments.
Taylor, William, — He was born in Connecticut
in 1793 ; removed with his parents to Onondaga
County, New York, when quite young ; received a
common-school education ; was a member in 1812 of
a Medical Society, and, at one time, President of the
New York Medical Society, and was a practicing Phy-
sician for fifty years. He was for many years Presi-
dent of the Board of Supervisors of the State ; a mem-
ber of the State Legislature in 1841 and 1842, in 1852
and 1853, in the two latter years representing New
York City ; and he was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1833 to 1839. Died at Manlius,
Onondaga County, September 6, 1865.
Taylor, William, — He was bom in Virginia,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1833 to 1835.
Taylor, William, — Born in Alexandria, Dis-
trict of Columbia ; adopted the profession of law,
which he practiced in Rockingham County ; was
elected a Representative in Congress from Virginia
from 1843 to 1846, having died before the expiration
of his second term in Washington City, January 17,
1846.
Taylor, William JB, — He was elected Governor
of Wisconsin in 1874, and his term of office will ex-
pire in 1876.
Taylor, William H, — Born in Connecticut in
1820 ; removed to Ohio and engaged in running a
grist-mill ; removed to Wisconsin in 1848, and turned
his attention to farming ; held various County offices
and was elected to the State Legislature, both House
and Senate ; in 1873 he was elected Governor of Wis-
consin, and re-nominated for the same position in
1875. Has for many years been a leader in agricul-
tural affairs throughout the State.
Taylor, Zachary, — He was born in Orange
County, Virginia, September 24, 1784, and went with
his father, Richard, who was a Colonel in the Revo-
lution, to Kentucky, in 1785 ; received a limited edu-
cation ; in 1808 he was appointed by President Jef-
ferson a Lieutenant of Infantry ; served in the war of
1812 as a Captain, and was brevetted a Major for gal-
lant services ; from 1815 to 1836 he had command of
various military posts in the Western country ; in 1819
he was made a Lieutenant-Colonel ; in 1832 a Colonel ;
served with distinction in the Black Hawk War, and
also in the war against the Seminoles in Florida ; in
1841 he settled his family at Baton Rouge, in Louisi-
ana ; was made a General, and had command of the
American army during the Mexican War, and, after
gaining a number of battles, won the great and deci-
sive battle of Buena Vista. In 1848 he was, by the
Whig party, elected President of the United States ;
was inaugurated March, 1849, and died in Washing-
ton, July 9, 1850. He left a son who was a General
in the Confederate army during the Civil War, and
one of his daughters became the wife of Jefferson
Davis.
Tazeivell, Henry — Born in Brunswick County,
Virginia, in 1753 ; lost his father, Littleton, in early
life ; became a student of William and Mary College,
and studied law, and was admitted to the bar ; in 1775
he was a member of the House of Burgesses, and,
in the Convention of 1776, was on the Committee
which reported the Declaration of Rights and the
Constitution. He was a member of the House of Dele-
gates for many years ; was elected Judge in 1785, and
420
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
of the first Court of Appeals in 1793 ; and from 1794
to 1799 was United States Senator from Virginia, and
President pro tern, in 1795. He took a leading part in
the discussions on the British Treaty, in that body.
As a State politician he approved the abolition of
primogeniture and entails, and the separation of the
Church from the State. He died in Philadelphia,
January 24, 1799.
Tazewell, Littleton W, — Born in Williams-
burg, Virginia, in 1774; educated at William and
Mary College ; studied law, and attained great suc-
cess in his profession ; was a member of the Virginia
Legislature in 1798 ; a Representative in Congress
from Virginia from 1799 to 1801 ; a Senator in Con-
gress from 1824 to 1832 ; and Governor of Virginia
from 1834 to 1836. In the Senate he was Chairman
of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and President
pro tern, of that body during a part of the Twenty-
second Congress. In 1820 he was one of the Commis-
sioners under the Florida Treaty, and his last great
effort as a lawyer was made in the Supreme Court of
the United States in what was known as the " Cochi-
neal Chase." He died at Norfolk, Virginia, May 6,
1860.
Teese, Frederich JT.-^-Born in Newark, New
Jersey, October 21, 1823 ; educated at Princeton Col-
lege, and graduated there in 1843 ; was admitted to
the bar in 1846, and practiced law in Newark ; in
1860 was a member of the New Jersey General As-
sembly ; re-elected in 1861, and made Speaker ; was
appointed Presiding Judge of the Essex Court of
Common Pleas in 1864 ; re-appointed in 1869, and
elected a Representative from New Jersey to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
Telfair f Edward, — Born in Scotland in 1735 ;
educated at Kirkcudbright Grammar School ; removed
to America at the age of twenty-three, and resided for
some time in Virginia as Agent of a mercantile house ;
afterwards removed to Halifax, North Carolina, and
thence to Savannah in 1766, where he was a mer-
chant. He was an active promoter of the Revolution,
served on many of the important Committees of the
time, and was one of the party who broke open the
magazine at Savannah and removed the powder. He
was a Delegate to the old Congress in 1778, and from
1780 to 1783 ; and, in the latter year, was one of the
Commissioners to make a Treaty with the Cherokees.
Telfair, Thomas, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Georgia from 1813 to 1817. Died
at Savannah, Georgia, in April, 1818 ; was a gradu-
ate of Princeton College in 1805.
Teller, Isaac, — He was born in New York in
1798 ; and was elected a Representative from that
State to the Thirty-third Congress, for the unexpired
term of Gilbert Dean, resigned. Died at Matteawan,
New York, April 30, 1868. He was riding in a wagon
at the time, and died while holding the reins. He re-
tained his sitting posture, and the horse that he was
driving continued quietly on his way for over an
hour, as it was supposed, after death had ensued,
when his condition was observed, and the horse was
stopped.
Temple, William, — Bom in Queen Anne
County, Maryland, February 28, 1815 ; received a
good academic education, and adopted the occupation
of a merchant in Smyrna, Delaware. In 1844 he was
elected to the State Legislature, and was Speaker of
the House ; and, the Governor of the State and Presi-
dent of the Senate having died, he became Acting
Governor for the balance of the term. During the next
ten years he was a member of the State Senate, and
declined a re-eleetion in 1854 ; and he was elected a
Representative from Delaware to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, but died, before taking his seat, at Smyrna,
Delaware, in the summer of 1863.
Ten Eyck, AntJiony, — He was a citizen of
Michigan ; at one time connected with the press of
that State ; and in 1845 was appointed a Commissioner
with diplomatic powers to the Sandwich Islands, re-
maining their until 1849.
Ten Eyck, Egbert,— He was born in Rensse-
lear County, New York, April 18, 1779 ; graduated at
Williams College ; studied law in Albany ; was a mem-
ber of the Assembly in 1812 and 1813, and Speaker ;
member also of the " Constitutional Convention " of
1822 ; and a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1823 to 1825. He also held the offices of
Judge of the Jefferson County Court, and President
of a County Agricultural Society. He died at Water-
town, New York, April 11, 1844.
Ten Ef/ck, tTohn C. — Born in Freehold, New
Jersey, March 12, 1814 ; obtained a classical educa-
tion under private tutors ; studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1835. In 1839 he was appointed
Prosecutor of the Pleas for Burlington County, hold-
ing the position for ten years ; he was a member of
the New Jersey " Constitutional Convention " of 1844 ;
and was elected a Senator in Congress for the term
commencing in 1859 and ending in 1865, serving on
the Committees on Commerce, and the Judiciary.
He was also a Delegate tc the Philadelphia " Loyalists'
Convention " of 1866.
Tenney, Samuel, — Was born in Byefield Parish*
Newbury, Massachusetts ; and, having received a
collegiate education at Harvard University, gradu-
ating in 1772, commenced the study of medicine.
When the Revolutionary war began, he was found
among the asserters of his country's rights, and was
present at the Battle of Bunker's Hill, where he was
employed in attending upon the wounded. He
served during the whole war, and was attached to thes
Rhode Island line of the Provincial army. At the
close of the war he retired from his profession, and
settled at Exeter, New Hampshire. For many years
he was Judge of Probate ; and in 1800 was elected a
Representative from that State in the Congress of the
United States, in the place of W. Gordon, resigned,
serving until 1807. His death, which occurred in
1816, was universally regretted. An ardent lover of
his country, a faithful expounder of her laws and
institutions, and an elegant scholar, his memory is
still fondly cherished by many who knew him.
Terrill, William, — He was frequently a mem-
ber of the Georgia Legislature, and was a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State from 1817 to 1821.
Becoming tired of politics, he took great interest in
the promotion of agricultural science, and in 1853 he
made a donation of twenty thousand dollars for the
establishment of an agricultural professorship in the
University of Georgia, which professorship bears his
name. He was one of the most accomplished and
useful citizens of his State, and died at Sparta,
Georgia, July 4, 1855. '
Terry 9 Nathaniel, — Born in Enfield, Connecti-
cut, in 1768, and graduated at Yale College in 1786.
He resided in Hartford, Connecticut, and held various
offices in his native State ; from 1817 to 1819 was a
Representative in Congress, and died in New Haven.
June 14, 1844.
Terry, Seth, — Born in Enfield, Connecticut, in
1780 ; studied law and came to the bar in Hartford in
1804 ; commanded great influence as a lawyer, and
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
421
was for a long time Judge of tlie Superior Court ; and
died, November 18, 1865.
Terry, William, — Born in Amherst County,
Virginia, August 14, 1824 ; graduated at the Univer-
sity of Virginia ; taught school and read lavt^ at the
same time ; came to the bar in 1851 and settled at
Wytheville ; there edited a small newspaper and
taught school ; served in the Confederate army and
became a General ; was elected a Representative
to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on Military Affairs ; and in 1874 he was re-
elected to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Test, John, — He was a native of Salem, New
Jersey, and emigrated to Indiana ; was a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State from 1823 to 1837,
and from 1829 to 1831. He was presiding judge of
one of the Circuit Courts of Indiana ; and afterwards
removed to Mobile, Alabama, where he gained a high
reputation for his learning and talents as a lawyer.
He died near Cambridge City, Indiana, October 9,
1849.
Thacher, George, — Born in Yarmouth, Massa-
chusetts, April 12, 1754 ; graduated at Harvard College
in 1776 ; studied law, and established himself in prac-
tice in Biddeford, Maine ; he was a Delegate to the
old Congress, and, on the adoption of the Constitution,
served as a Representative in Congress from Massa-
chusetts from 1789 to 1801. In 1792 he was elected a
District Judge in Maine, serving until 1800, when he
was chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court in Massa-
chusetts ; and he held the latter office until January,
1824, when he resigned, and died on the 6th of April,
following. He was also a member of the Convention
which formed the Constitution of Maine in 1819. He
was a man of superior abilites, and performed all his
duties to the entire satisfaction of the public. He
was famous for his wit, and when a bill was reported
in Congress respecting the use of the eagle on Ameri-
can coin, he playfully recommended a goose ; for
which he was challenged by the reporter of the bill,
William Bloant, and the challenge he ridiculed.
Thaclier, J, 31, — He was born in Vermont ;
graduated at the University of that State, and adopted
the profession of law ; was for a time connected with
the bar of Virginia ; served as a Volunteer officer
during the War for the Union ; in 1864 he was ap-
pointed an Assistant Examiner in the Patent Office ;
rose by regular promotion to the rank of Commission-
er, to which he was appointed in 1874 ; and in August,
1875, he resigned his office to resume the practice of
his profession, locating in the city of Chicago.
Thacher, Samuel, — He was born in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, July 1, 1776 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1793 ; adopted the profession of law ;
was a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts
from 1802 to 1805. He also served eleven years in the
Massachusetts Legislature, and was Sheriff of Lincoln
County from 1814 to 1821. In 1866 he was a resident
of Bangor, Maine. Died in Bangor, July 19, 1872.
Thayer f Eli, — Born in Mendon, Worcester
County, Massachusetts, June 11, 1819 ; graduated at
Brown University in 1845 ; was a teacher in Worces-
ter Academy for three years ; was a farmer by occu-
pation ; served as Alderman of the City of Worcester
in 1853 ; he was a Representative in the Massachusetts
Legislature during the years 1853 and 1854 ; elected
a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from
that State, serving as a member of the Committee on
Militia ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Pub-
lic Lands. He was the founder of the New England
Emigrant Aid Society ; and has been identified with
other Societies of a benevolent character.
Thayer f John M, — He was born in Bellingham,
Norfolk County, Massachusetts, January 24, 1820 ;
graduated at Brown University ; studied law, and
practiced the profession ; removed to the Territory of
Nebraska in 1854, where he soon became Brigadier-
General of Militia ; was a member of the " Terri-
torial Constitutional Convention ; " was subsequently
elected to the Territorial Legislature ; commanded a
regiment of Infantry during the Rebellion, and, for
meritorious services at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, he
was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General of
Volunteers. He also served with distinction at Vicks-
burg and Chickasaw Bayou, and for these additional
services he was promoted to the rank of Major-Gen-
eral of Volunteers ; and, on the admission of Nebraska
into the Union, as a State, he took his seat in Con-
gress as a Senator for the term ending in 1871, serv-
ing on the Committees on Military Affairs, Indian
Affairs, and Patents. He was a Delegate to the Chi-
cago Convention of 1868 ; and in 1875 he was ap-
pointed Governor of Wyoming.
Thayer f M, Russell, — He was born in Peters-
burg, Virginia, January 27, 1819 ; graduated at the
University of Pennsylvania in 1840 ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1842 : and was elected a
Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Private Land Claims. He received from his
Alma Mater the two degrees of Bachelor and Master
of Arts. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committee on the Bankrupt Law, and
as Chairman of that on Private Land Claims, After
leaving Congress in 1859 he became District Judge for
Philadelphia ; and published various papers con-
nected With literature, law, and politics.
Thayer, William S, — He was born in Haver-
hill, Massachusetts, in 1830 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1850 ; and two years later he became as-
sociated with the New York Evening Post as correspon-
dent and assistant editor, in which capacity he ac-
quitted himself with marked ability. In 1861 he was
appointed Consul General to Egypt, where he died
April 10, 1864.
Theaker, Thomas C, — Born in York County,
Pennsylvania, February 1, 1812 ; received a good
English education ; removed to Ohio in 1830 ; has de-
voted the most of his time to the occupation of a
millwright and machinist ; and he was elected a Rep-
resentative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Militia, and Enrolled
Bills. He was subsequently appointed one of a
Board of Commissioners to examine into the affairs of
the Patent office ; and in 1865 was appointed by
President Johnson Commissioner of Patents.
TJiibodeanoOf J3, G, — Born in Louisiana, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term ending in
1849. Died in the Parish of Terrebonne, Louisiana,
in March, 1866.
Thibodean^, H, S.— He was acting Governor
of Louisiana from 1822 to 1824.
Thomas, Benjamin S, — Was born in Boston,
February 12, 1813 ; removed to Worcester in 1819 ;
graduated at Brown University in 1830 ; studied law;
and was admitted to practice in 1833 ; was a member
of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1842 ; was ap-
pointed Judge of Probate for the county of Worcester
in 1844, resigning the office in 1848 ; was a Presiden-
tial Elector on the Taylor ticket in that year ; and in
422
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
1853 he was appointed to the bench of the Supreme
Court of Massachusetts, holding the office six years,
when he resigned. He subsequently returned to Bos-
ton to practice his profession, residing in West Rox-
bury, and in 1861 he was elected a Representative
from Massachusetts to the Thirty-seventh Congress,
serving as a member of the Committee on the Judi-
ciary, and the Special Committee on the Bankrupt
Law.
Thomas f Charles M, — He was born in Carteret
County, North Carolina, February 7, 1827 ; graduated
at the University of North Carolina in 1849 ; studied
and practiced law ; elected one of the Judges of the
Superior Court in 1868, and elected to the Forty-
second and Forty -third Congresses, serving on the
Committee on Elections.
ThomaSf Christopher Y. — He was born in
Pittsylvania, Virginia, March 24, 1818 ; attended a
private academy ; studied law, and admitted to the
bar in 1844 ; was elected in 1859 to the State Senate
for four years ; elected in 1867 a member of the Con-
stitutional Convention of Virginia ; again in 1869 to
the Legislature ; and elected to the Forty-third Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions.
Thomas, David. — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1801 to 1808 ; served
four years in the Assembly of that State ; and also
held the position of State Treasurer.
Thomas f D, S, — After the close of the Rebellion
in 1865, he was elected a Representative from Ten-
nessee, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not
declared entitled to his seat until near the end of the
first session of that Congress.
Thomas f Edrvard A, — He was born in New
York, from which State he was appointed in 1873 an
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, for the Ter-
ritory of Wyoming, residing at Laramie City.
Thomas, Francis, — He was born in Frederick
County, Maryland, February 3, 1799 ; was educated
at St. John's College, in that State ; studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1820 ; was a member of
the House of Delegates in 1822, 1827, and 1829, when
he was chosen Speaker ; and was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland from 1831 to 1841. In 1839
he was President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal ;
and was a member of the Maryland "Constitutional
Convention" in 1850. He was also the author of the
measure which resulted in the transfer of political
power from the slave-holding counties in Maryland
to those portions where the white population was
generally located. During one term in Congress he
was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, and a
report made by him led to the settlement of the
boundary difficulties between Ohio and Michigan.
From 1841 to 1844 he was Governor of Maryland ;
was elected, for the sixth time, a Representative to
the Thirty-seventh Congress, and re-elected to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Judiciary
Committee. Also re-elected to the Thirty -ninth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on the Death of
President Lincoln, the Judiciary, the Bankrupt Law,
and the Postal Railroad to New York. He was one
of the first men in Maryland to warn the people of
the approaching Rebellion ; and, after hostilities had
commenced, raised a brigade of three thousand Vol-
unteers, but declined all appointments connected
with the organization. He was also a Delegate to
the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866;
and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. In 1872 he
was appointed Minister to Peru. He was killed by
accident on a railroad at Frankville, Garrett County,
Maryland, January 22, 1876.
ThomaSf Isaac. — He was a Representative in
Congress from Tennessee from 1815 to 1817.
Thomas, James. — He was Governor of Mary-
land from 1833 to 1836 ; was a man of great worth,
and held many public trusts. He died in St. Mary's
County, Maryland, December 25, 1845, aged sixty-one
years.
Thomas, tTames Houston, — Was born in Ire-
dell County, North Carolina, September 22, 1808 ;
received the degree of A.B. from Columbia College,
Tennessee, in 1830 ; studied and adopted the profes-
sion of law ; in 1836 was elected Attorney-General for
the State, holding the office six years ; was for many
years the law partner of James K. Polk ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Tennessee, from 1847 to
1851 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1846 ; and in 1859
he was elected a Representative from Tennessee to
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee
on Revolutionary Pensions.
Thomas, Jesse H. — He was a Delegate to Con-
gress from the Territory of Indiana, from 1808 to 1809,
and was then appointed United States Judge of Illi-
nois Territory. He was also one of the first Senators
in Congress from Illinois, having held the position
from 1818 to 1829, serving on important Committees.
He died in February, 1850.
Thomas, John A. — He was born in New York ;
became a resident of Washington City ; and in 1855
he was appointed Assistant Secretary of State ; and
he died in Washington.
Thomas, John C. — He was a Representative in
Congress from Maryland, from 1799 to 1801.
Thomas, John L., Jr. — Born in Baltimore,
Maryland, May 20, 1835 ; received his education at
the Alleghany County Academy ; studied law, and
came to the bar in 1856 ; in 1861 he was appointed
Solicitor of the City of Baltimore, holding the office
two years ; in 1863 he was elected State Attorney for
Maryland; in 1864 he was a Delegate to the "State
Constitutional Convention," and in 1865 he was elect-
ed a Representative from Maryland, to the Thirty-
nmth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the res-
ignation of E. H. Webster, serving on the Commit-
tees on Commerce, Revolutionary Claims, and Re-
trenchment. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel-
phia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.
Thomas, Lorenzo. — He was born in New-
castle, Delaware, October 26, 1804 ; graduated at the
West Point Academy, in 1823, as a Second Lieuten-
ant of the Fourth Infantry, and served as such in
Florida among the Creek Indians, and in Washington ;
was commissioned a Captain in 1836 ; in 1838 was ap-
pointed Assistant Adjutant-General with the brevet
rank of Major ; was Chief of Staff in the Florida
war in 1839 ; was brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel in
1846, for " gallant and meritorious conduct " at Mon-
terey, in Mexico ; in 1848 he was made Assistant
Adjutant-General, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colo-
nel, and assigned to duty .in Washington ; and from
1848 to 1861 he was Chief of Staff under General
Scott, commanding the army of New York City. In
1861 he was appointed Adjutant-General of the army,
with the brevet of Colonel, and was in the same
year brevetted a Brigadier-General ; in 1863 he was
assigned to the special duty of organizing colored
troops in the southwest, and subsequently performed
a number of inspection tours connected with the Pro-
vost-Marshals, and with the national cemeteries of
the United States. On February 22 1868, he
received from President Johnson the appointment of
Secretary of War ad interim, but Secretary Stanton
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
423
refused to vacate the office, and the conflict of au-
thority thus occurring, continued until May 26, when
Mr. Stanton retired from the War Department. It
was the appointment of General Thomas as Secretary
of War, ad interim, by President Johnson, upon
which the articles of Impeachment, presented by the
House of Representatives, were grounded, and of the
leading charges in which, after due trial, the Presi-
dent was acquitted. Died in Washington, March 3,
1875.
Thoinas, PJiilemon. — A native of North Caro-
lina, where, during the Revolutionary war, he was
engaged in many skirmishes with the British, He re-
sided some years in Kentucky, and was a member of
the Legislature of that State ; he afterwards removed
to Louisiana, and in 1810 and 1811, headed the insur-
rection of Baton Rouge, which threw off the yoke of
Spain from West Florida. He was a Representative
in Congress from Louisiana, from 1831 to 1835, and
died at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, November 18, 1847,
aged eighty-three years.
Thoitt aSf Philip Francis. — He was born in
Talbot County, Maryland, September 12, 1810 ; was
educated at Dickinson College ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1831 ; in 1836 was a member
of the "State Constitutional Convention;" in 1838
was elected to the State Legislature ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress, from 1839 to 1841 ; was
subsequently Judge of the Land Office Court of the
Eastern Shore of Maryland ; in 1843 and 1845 was
elected to the House of Delegates ; and in 1847 was
elected Governor of Maryland. In the ear^y part of
1860 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Com-
missioner of the Patent Office, and on the resignation
of Howell Cobb, as Secretary of the Treasury, in De-
cember, 1860, he was appointed Secretary of the
Treasury, in Mr. Buchanan's cabinet. In March, 1867,
he was elected a Senator in Congress, for the term
ending in 1873, but was rejected. But he was sub-
sequently elected a Representative to the Forty-fourth
Congress.
ThoinaSf Miehard, — He was a soldier in the
Revolutionary War, and a Representative in Congress
from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1801. Died in Phil-
adelphia in 1832, aged eighty-seven years.
Thomasson, William JP. — Born in Henry
County, Kentucky ; commenced the study of law at
an early age ; and when eighteen was licensed to
practice at Corydon, Indiana, from which place he
was elected to the Legislature. He removed to Louis-
ville about the year 1841, and was chosen a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1843 to
1847. He afterwards went to Chicago, where he was
engaged in the practice of his profession until the
breaking out of the Rebellion, when he served in the
Union Army as a Colonel of Volunteers.
Thompson, Benjamin, — Bom in Massachu-
setts, in 1798 ; he held many responsible offices in the
town of Charlestown, and was several times a Repre-
sentative in the State Legislature ; he was twice
elected to Congress as a member of the Fourth Dis-
trict of Massachusetts, serving from 1845 to 1847 ;
and again from March, 1851, till his death. He united
mental cultivation and sound judgment with great
business talent. His services upon the Committee
on Military Affairs during the Mexican War were
especially valuable. He died in Charlestown, Sep-
tember 24, 1852.
Thompson, Charles JP. — Born at Braintree,
Massachusetts, July 30, 1827 ; received an academic
education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar
Id 1854, and was second assistant to the District At-
torney until 1857, when he removed to Gloucester,
where he has since been engaged in his profession ;
he was a member of the State Legislature in 1871 and
1872, and was elected a Representative from Massa-
•chusetts to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Thompson, George IF.— Born in Ohio in 1806;
graduated at Jefferson College in 1826 ; was United
States District Attorney for Virginia in 1849 ; and
elected a Representative in Congress from that State
in 1851 and 1852 ; left Congress for the bench. He
was the author of "The Living Forces of the Uni
verse" in 1866; "Address on Common Schools"
1841 ; " Right of Virginia to the Northwest Terri-
tory ; " "Life of Linn Boyd," and contributor to
the Boston Quarterly Remew.
Thompson, Hedge, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New Jersey during the years 1827
and 1828. Died at Salem, July 20, 1828.
Thompson, Jacob, — He was born in Caswell
County, North Carolina, May 15, 1810, and received
his education at the University of Chapel Hill. He
studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1834, and
during the following year removed to the State of
Mississippi ; elected to Congress as a Representative
from Mississippi, in 1839, he continued to serve in
that capacity until 1851. On first taking his seat in
Congress he was placed on the Committee on Public
Lands, and was for some years Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Indian Affairs. He was a defender of Mis-
sissippi, and of the Democratic party, at the time
when the cry of repudiation was ringing throughout
the land ; and as he had, in 1845, declined going into
the United States Senate by appointment of the Gov-
ernor of Mississippi, so did he, in 1851, decline a re-
election to the House of Representatives ; he was
appointed by President Buchanan, in 1857, Secretary
of the Interior Department. Th at position he resigned
in January, 1861, and joining the Rebellion, served
as Governor of Mississippi, and in the insurgent army.
Thompson, »Tames, — He was liberally educa-
ted ; was elected in 1857 one of the Puisne Judges of
Pennsylvania ; and in 1867 he was elected a Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
Thompson, James, — Born in Middlesex, But-
ler County, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1806 ; he re-
ceived a good education, and commenced life as a
printer ; he studied law, and was admitted to the
bar in 1828; he was elected to the Assembly of his na-
tive State in 1832, 1833, and 1834, presiding during
the last session as Speaker ; in 1836 he was a Presi-
dential Elector ; he was presiding Judge of the Dis-
trict Court for six years, and a Representative in
Congress from 1845 to 1851. Of late years he has
been chiefly devoted to the practice of his profession ;
and in 1847 was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court
of Pennsylvania, for fifteen years ; and in 1866 he
was made Chief Justice.
Thompson, Joel, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1813 to 1815, having
previously served one year in the State Assembly
from Albany, and two years from Chenango County.
Thompson, John, — He was a member of the
New York Assembly from Albany, in 1788 and 1789,
in 1827 from Delaware County ; in 1802 and 1841 from
Dutchess County ; and a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1799 to 1801, and again from
1807 to 1811.
Thompson, John, — He was bom in Rhinebeck,
Dutchess County, New York, July 4, 1809. He was
educated at Yale and Union Colleges ; lived on a farm
424
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
until sixteen years of age, since wMcli time h.e has
devoted himself to the law ; and against his own
wishes and consent was elected a Representative in
Congress from New York to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals.
Thompson, tfohn, — He was a citizen of the
Territory of Orleans ; and in 1808 he was appointed
by President Jefferson, United States Judge for the
Territory of Orleans.
Thompson, tTohn S. — He was horn in Ken-
tucky, in 1810 ; and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1840 to 1843, and again from
1847 to 1851 ; and in 1853 he was elected a Senator in
Congress for the long term. He was a member of the
Committee on Private Land Claims, and of that on
Pensions. Died at Harrisonburg, Kentucky, January
7, 1874.
Thompson, Lucas JP. — He was a native of Vir-
ginia ; a jurist of recognized ability ; from 1856 to
1864 Judge of the Circuit Court for the Eleventh Dis-
trict of Virginia ; subsequently made Judge of the
Supreme Court of Appeals, and died at Staunton Vir-
ginia, April 21, 1866.
Thompson, Marie. — He was a Representative in
Congress from New Jersey, from 1795 to 1799.
Thompson, Oswald, — He was born in 1809 ;
graduated at Princeton College in 1828 ; studied law,
and came to the bar in 1832 and settled in Philadel-
phia ; and in 1851 he was made Presiding Judge of
the Court of Common Pleas for the County of Phila-
delphia, and acquired a high reputation. He was a
Trustee of the University of Pennsylvania ; a mem-
ber of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, and of the
American Philosophical Society, and received from
Jefferson College the degree of Doctor of Laws. Died
in Philadelphia, January 23, 1866.
Thompson, Philip. — He was a native of Ken-
tucky, and a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1828 to 1825.
Thompson, JPhilip JR. — Bom in 1766, and died
in Kanawha County, Virginia, July 22, 1837. He
was a Representative in Congress from Virginia from
1801 to 1807.
Thompson, JRichard TV. — He was born in
Culpepper County, Virginia, June 9, 1809 ; received a
good English and classical education ; and his love
of adventure led him into the wilds of Kentucky be-
fore he became of age. In 1831 he settled in Louis-
ville, and became a clerk in an extensive mercantile
house ; tiring of this, he removed to Lawrence
County, Indiana, taught school for a few months, but
again turned his attention to merchandise, selling
goods, and studying law at the same time. He was
admitted to the bar in 1834, and was almost immedi-
ately elected to the Indiana Legislature ; was re-elect-
ed in 1835 ; in 1836 he was elected to the State Sen-
ate, served two years, and was for a time President
pro tern, of the Senate, and Acting Lieutenant-Gover-
nor ; he was a Presidential Elector in 1840, and voted
for General Harrison, whose election he zealously
advocated with his pen and on the stump ; and in
1841 he was elected a Representative in Congress for
the term ending in 1843. In 1844 he was again
chosen a Presidential Elector ; was again a Represent-
ative in Congress from Indiana from 1847 to 1849,
when he declined a re-election. Since that time he
has held no public office, but has been devoted to the
practice of his profession at Terre Haute. President
Taylor offered him the appointment of Charge
d' Affaires to Austria, and President Fillmore the
office of Recorder of the General Land Office, both of
which he declined. In 1864 he was elected a Presi-
dential Elector. Was also a Delegate to the Chicago
Convention of 1868.
Thompson, Hobert A, — He was born in Vir-
ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1847 to 1849. Now Land Commissioner
in California.
Thompson, Smith. — Born in Amenia, New
York, in 1767 ; graduated at New Jersey College in
1788 ; studied law with Chancellor Kent ; and in 1801
was District Attorney in the Middle District of New
York ; Judge of the Supreme Court from 1802 to
1814 ; Chief Justice from 1814 to 1818 ; Secretary of the
Navy from 1818 to 1823 ; Associate Justice of the
United States Supreme Court from 1823 till his death,
which occurred in Poughkeepsie, New York, Decem-
ber 18, 1843. Received the degree of LL.D, from Yale
College in 1824, and from Harvard University in 1835.
Thompson, Thomas W. — He graduated at
Harvard University in 1786 ; was a Representative in
Congress from New Hampshire from 1805 to 1807 ;
State Treasurer in 1809 ; and a United States
Senator from 1814 to 1817. He was a neighbor and
one of the earliest friends of Daniel Webster. Died
at Concord, in October, 1820, aged fifty-five years.
Thompson, JVaddif. — He was born at Pickens-
ville, South Carolina, September 8, 1798 ; graduated
at the South Carolina College in 1814, and having
studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1819. He has
served in the Legislature of his native State ; was at
one time Solicitor for the Western Circuit of South
Carolina ; was chosen a Presidential Elector ; attained
the military title of Brigadier-General ; and was ap-
pointed in 1842 Minister Plenipotentiary to Mexico,
about which he published an interesting work. He
was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1841,
serving in 1840 as Chairman of the Committee on Mil-
itary Affairs. Died in Tallahassee, Florida, Novem-
ber 23, 1868.
Thompson, JViley. — He was a native of Amelia
County, Virginia, and a Representative in Congress
from Georgia from 1821 to 1833.
Thompson, William. — He was born in Penn-
sylvania, and having settled in Iowa, was elected a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1847
to 1851. He served through the Rebellion upwards
of four years as Captain, Major, and Colonel in the
First Iowa Cavalry, and as Brevet Brigadier-General,
had command of a Brigade ; and was subsequently
appointed a Captain of Cavalry in the Regular Army.
Thomson, Alexander. — He was born in
Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1824
to 1826 ; died at his residence in Chambersburg,
Pennsylvania, August 2, 1848, aged sixty- three years.
Thomson, Charles. — Born at Maghera, Derry,
Ireland, November 29, 1729 ; in 1741 he landed with
his three sisters at New Castle, Delaware, with no
other independence than their own industry ; educat-
ed by D. Allison, he became a teacher at the Friends'
Academy at New Castle ; and removing to Philadel-
phia, he obtained the advice and friendship of Dr.
Franklin. In 1758 he was one of the agents to treat
with the Indians at Oswego. The Delawares adopted
him, and conferred on him an Indian name which
means, " one who speaks the truth." He was Secre-
tary of Congress from 1774 to 1789. He was a good
classical scholar ; author of the " Harmony of the five
Gospels ; " a translation of the Old and New Testa-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
425
ments, and an Inquiry into the cause of the Aliena-
tion of the Dela wares and Shawnee Indians. He re-
ceived the degree of LL.D. from New Jersey College
in 1822.
Thomson^ fTohn, — He was born in Franklin
County, Pennsylvania, in 1777 ; and was a Represent-
ative in Congress from Ohio from 1825 to 1827, and
again from 1829 to 1837. He died at New Lisbon,
Ohio, December 2, 1852.
Thomson f John M, — Born in Philadelphia,
September 5, 1800 ; entered Princeton College, but
left in the junior year, and devoted himself to mer-
cantile pursuits, making a voyage to China in 1817, and
in 1820 established himself as a merchant in Canton ;
was appointed Consul of the United States at that port
in 1823, and remained there until 1825. Since the
year 1830 he has been engaged in the management of
several railways and of the New Jersey Canal. In
1814 he was a member of the " Constitutional Conven-
tion " of New Jersey, and was United States Senator
from New Jersey from 1853 to 1857, and re-elected for
the term ending in 1863. He was a member of the
Committees on Naval Affairs, and on the Post-Office,
and Post-Roads. He was offered a seat in the Cabinet
by President Buchanan, which he declined. Died at
Trenton, September 13, 1862.
Thorington, Jaines, — He was born in North
Carolina, and, removing to Iowa, was elected a Rep-
resentative from that State to the Thirty- fourth
Congress.
Thomhiirgh, Jacob M".— He was born in New-
market, East Tennessee, July 3, 1837, and educated
at Holston College ; read law, and came to the bar in
1861 ; in 1862, joined the Federal Army in Kentucky,
and was promoted until he became Colonel of the
Fourth Tennessee Cavalry, in 1863 ; served under
Generals Rosecrans, Sherman, Thomas, and Canby
until the close of the war, when he returned to East
Tennessee, and resumed the law ; in 1867 he removed
to Knoxville, appointed Attorney-General of the
Third District of Tennessee, and elected to the same
position in 1869 and 1870 ; and he was elected to the
Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on
Military Affairs.
Thornton, Anthony, — He was born in Bour-
bon County, Kentucky, November 9, 1814; graduated
at the University of Miami, in Ohio, and adopted the
profession of law. In 1847 he was a member of the
Convention which framed the Constitution of Illinois ;
in 1850 he was a member of the State Legislature ; in
1862 a Delegate to the Convention to revise the State
Constitution, and in 1864 he was elected a Represent-
ative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committee of "Claims and the Select Com-
mittee on the Bankrupt Law. He was also a Dele-
gate to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven-
tion " of 1866.
Thornton, James JB.— Born in Merrimac, New
Hampshire ; was Speaker of the State Legislature in
1829 and 1830; was the author of "Digest of the
Conveyancing, Testamentary, and Registry Laws of
the United States " in 1847 ; and was Charge d' Affaires
to Peru, in 1836 ; he was the grandson of Matthew,
signer of the " Declaration of Independence." He
died at Callao, January 25, 1838, aged thirty-seven
years.
Thornton, Matthew, — Born in Ireland in 1714,
but came to this country with his father in 1717 ;
studied medicine in Massachusetts, but settled to
practice in New Hampshire ; was appointed a Sur-
geon in the army ; commanded a regiment of Militia
in the Revolutionary war ; was President of the
"Provincial Convention" of New Hampshire; was,
for six years, Judge of the Superior Court of New
Hampshire, and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas ;
was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from
1776 to 1778 ; and was one of the signers of the Dec-
laration of Independence. He also served for several
years in the General Court and in the State Senate ;
was appointed Justice of the Peace and Quorum
throughout the State, and died at Newburyport,
Massachusetts, June 24, 1803.
Thornton, TVilliant, — He was born in Tortola ;
settled in Washington about the time the seat of
government was established there ; in 1802 he was
appointed Superintendent of the Patent Office, whose
head was afterwards called a Commissioner; and he
remained in the office until 1827, when he died. He
was the first man appointed to take charge of the
Bureau, which has since become so important. He
was also one of the first to act as Commissioner of
Public Buildings in Washington.
Thorp, William, — He was a native of Dela-
ware, and elected Governor of that State in 1846, re-
maining in office until 1851.
Throckmorton, J, TV, — Born at Sparta. Ten-
nessee, February 7, 1825 ; moved with his father to
Texas in 1841 ; was a member of the Texas Legisla-
ture in 1851, and served in that body until the civil
war in 1861 ; was elected a member of the Secession
Convention of Texas, and was one of the seven who
voted against that ordinance. In 1861 he entered the
Confederate service and continued actively engaged
until 1863 ; in that year he was elected State Senator,
and was appointed Brigadier-General of State troops
and sent to command the north-west border of the
State. At the time of the surrender he was negotia-
ting, for Texas and Confederate States, with the In-
dians between the Rio Grande and Arkansas Rivers ;
was a member of the Reconstruction Convention
under President Johnson's proclamation, and chosen
presiding officer ; was elected Governor of Texas in
1866, and removed under the Reconstruction Acts of
1869. In 1874 he was elected a Representative from
Texas to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Throop, Enos T, — He was born in Johnstown,
Montgomery County, New York, August, 21, 1784 ;
while performing the duties of an attorney's clerk,
he acquired a classical education ; studied law, and
settled in Auburn ; was a Representative in Congress
during the years 1815 and 1816 ; in 1823 was elected
Circuit Judge ; in 1829, Lieutenant-Governor of New
York ; and in 1831 was Governor of that State. In
1838 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to the Two
Sicilies.
Thruston, Siichner, — Born in Virginia, about
the year 1763. He emigrated in early life to Ken-
tucky, and, being possessed of superior talents, he
was soon called into the public service. He was ap-
pointed Federal Judge in the Territory of Orleans in
1805, and was the same year elected a member of the
United States Senate from Kentucky for six years ;
but he resigned in 1809 on being appointed, by
President Madison, Judge of the United States Cir-
cuit Court of the District of Columbia, which office
he held until his death, which occurred at Washing-
ton, August 30, 1845.
Thtirman, Allen G, — He was born in Lynch-
burg, Virginia, November 13, 1813 ; removed to Ohio
in 1819 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1835 ;
was a Representative from Ohio to the Twenty-ninth
Congress ; was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court
of Ohio in 1851 ; was Chief Justice of the same from
426
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
1854 to 185G ; was the Democratic candidate for Gov-
ernor of Ohio in 1867 ; and in 1868 he was elected a
Senator in Congress from that State for the term
commencing in 1869 and ending in 1875, serving on
the Committees on the Jndiciary, and Post-Offices and
Post-Roads. Re-elected for the term ending in 1881,
and serving on the most important Committees, and
as Chairman of that on Land Claims.
Thurniarif John R, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1849 to 1851, and
died in New York, July 25, 1854.
Thurston, Senjaiuin JB, — He was born in
Hopkinton, Rhode Island, June 29, 1804; he received
a common school education ; was bred a merchant ;
was elected fourteen years in succession to the As-
sembly of his native State ; was a Presidential
Elector in 1837 ; and in 1838 was Lieutenant-Gover-
nor : and he was a Representative in Congress from
Rhode Island from 1847 to 1849, and again from 1851
to 1857. He was subsequently elected a member of
the Senate of Rhode Island.
Thurston, Samuel K.— He was born in Maine ;
graduated at Bowdoin College in 1843, and was a
Delegate in Congress from the Territory of Oregon
from 1849 to 1851. He died on board the steamer
California, on her passage from Panama to San Fran-
cisco, April 9, 1851.
TlbhattSy John JV, — He was born in Kentucky,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1843 to 1847 ; also served as a Colonel in
the Mexican war. Died in Newton, Kentucky, July
12, 1852, aged fifty years.
TibbettSf George, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1803 to 1805, and a
member of the State Assembly from Rensselaer
County in 1803 and 1820, and of the State Senate
from i815 to 1818.
Tichenor, Isaac, — He was born in Newark, New
Jersey, February 8, 1754 ; graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1775 ; and died at Bennington, Vermont, De-
cember 11, 1838. He was an officer of the Revolution ;
a Judge and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of
Vermont ; a Representative in the State Legislature ;
and a Senator in Congress during the sessions of 1796
and 1797, when he resigned ; Governor of Vermont
from 1798 to 1800 ; and again in the Senate from 1815
to 1821. He was a member of the State Council of
Censors in 1792 and 1813 ; a Boundary Commissioner ;
and a General Agent of the Government.
Tiffinf Edward, — Born at Carlisle, England,
June 19, 1766 ; emigrated to the United States in
1786, and settled at Charlestown, Virginia ; removed
to Chillicothe in 1798 ; was Speaker of the Territorial
Legislature in 1799 ; President of the Ohio Constitu-
tional Convention in 1802 ; and elected first Governor
of the State from 1803 to 1807 ; United States Sen-
ator from Ohio from 1807 to 1809 ; appointed Commis-
sioner of the General Land Office in 1812 by President
Madison ; resigned in 1815, when appointed Surveyor-
General of the North-west, which position he held
until his death, which occurred in Chillicothe, August
9, 1829.
Tiftf JSTelson, — He was elected a Representative
from Georgia to the Fortieth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Expenditures in the Treasury De-
partment. Declined by letter to give the author any
information about himself.
TildeUf Daniel H, — He was born in Connecti-
cut, and having settled in Ohio, was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1843 to
1847.
Tlldenf Samuel J, — Born in New Lebanon, Co-
lumbia County, New York, in 1814, and is of old Pur-
itan stock ; received his education at Yale College,
and the University of New York ; adopted the pro-
fession of law ; in 1846 he was elected to the State
Legislature, and soon afterwards to the State Consti-
tutional Convention, and also to that held in 1867, of
which he was a ruling member, as well as at the head
of the State Democratic Committee ; he was again
elected to the State Legislature in 1870, and in 1874
he was elected Governor of New York, in which capac-
ity he has been called upon to grapple with some of
the most noted corruptions of the State, winning
the approbation of good men of all political parties.
As a lawyer he was formerly engaged in many im-
portant trials, and been identified with many leading
business enterprises of the country.
Tilghman, Edward, — Born at VTye, on the
Eastern Shore of Maryland, December 11,1750 ; studied
in the best schools of Philadelphia, and in the Middle
Temple, London, from 1772 to 1774. He was long a
successful practitioner at the Philadelphia bar ; was
tendered the office of Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court in 1806 ; but declined it, and recommended in
his stead, his kinsmen, William Tilghman. Died
November 1, 1815.
Tilghman, Matthew, — He was a Delegate
from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1774
to 1777.
Tilghman, Tench, — Born in Baltimore in 1744 ;
was a merchant before the Revolution ; was Confi-
dential Secretary and Aide-de-camp to Washington in
1776 ; appointed Lieutenant in 1777 ; he bore to Con-
gress the news of the surrender of Cornwallis, Octo-
ber 29, 1781, and received from that body a vote of
plaudit for his merit and abilities. In 1781, Wash-
ington said of him : " He has been in every action in
which the main army was concerned, and has been a
faithful assistant to me for five years, a great part of
which time, he refused to receive pay." Died in Bal-
tunore, April 18, 1786.
Tilghman , William, — Born in Talbot County,
Maryland, August 12, 1756 ; temoved to Philadelphia
with his father ; commenced the study of law in 1774 ;
admitted to the bar in 1783 ; began to practice in
Philadelphia in 1793 ; was appointed Chief Judge of
the United States Circuit Court in 1801 ; President of
the Court of Common Pleas in 1805 ; and Chief Jus-
tice of the State Supreme Court in 1806, in place of
Edward, who declined ; was a member of the Legisla-
ture for several years, from 1788 ; received the degree
of LL.D, from Harvard University in 1814 ; was Pres-
ident of the Philosophical Society in 1824 ; prepared in
1809 a report of the English Statutes in force within
the State ; an eulogium on Dr. Wistar in 1818 ; an
address before the Philadelphia Society for promoting
agriculture. Died in Philadelphia, August 12, 1756.
Tillinghast, Joseph L, — Born in Taunton,
Massachusetts, in 1791, and removed to Rhode Island
in his boyhood. He graduated at Brown University
in 1819,. and received the degree of M.A. ; in 1833
was elected a member of the Board of Trustees of
that institution. He studied law, and devoted him-
self to its practice in Providence, with marked suc-
cess for thirty years, and was a Representative in
Congress from Rhode Island from 1837 to 1843. He
was also for many years a member of the State Legis-
lature, and was elected Speaker on several occasions ;
and to him was awarded the authorship of the free
schools, and improved judiciary systems of his native
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
427
State. Died December 30, 1844, at Providence, Rhode
Island.
Tillinghastf Thomas.— Born in Rhode Island,
and was for many years a Judge of the Supreme
Court of that State. He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Rhode Island from 1797 to 1799, and again
from 1801 to 1803.
TUhncifif Lewis, — Born in Bedford County,
Tennessee, August 18, 1816 ; received a common-
school education ; devoted himself to farming ; was
Clerk of the Circuit Court from 1852 to 1860 ; also of
the Chancery Court from 1865 to 1868 ; and was
elected a Representative from Tennessee to the For-
ty-first Congress, serving on the Committees on Pat-
ents, and Freedmen's Affairs.
Tilt on, I>a7iiel, — He was appointed in 1798, by
President Adams, United States Judge for the Terri-
tory of Mississippi.
TiltoUf tlames. — Was born in Delaware, June 1,
1751 ; was a physician by profession, and became dis-
tinguished as a Surgeon during the Revolutionary
War. F'rom 1777 to the close of the war, he acted as
Hospital Surgeon, and introduced the use of hospital
huts. After the war he resided for a few years on a
farm in his native State. Was a Delegate in the Con-
tinental Congress from 1783 to 1785. In 1785 he was
appointed Commissioner of Loans. In 1812 he was
appointed Surgeon-Greneral of the United States
Army. He published " Observations on Military
Hospitals," and some papers on agriculture. He died
May 14, 1822.
TiptoUf tTohn, — He was born in Tennessee in
1785 ; removed to Indiana in 1806 ; and was a Sena-
tor in Congress from Indiana from 1831 to 1839 ; and
died at Logansport. of apoplexy, in 1839.
Tipton^ Thomas W, — He was born in Harri-
son County, Ohio, in 1817 ; spent his early life on a
farm ; graduated at Madison College, Pennsylvania ;
in 1840 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1844 ;
in 1845 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature ; was
for three years at the head of a Division of the Gen-
eral Land Office in Washington ; removed to Nebras-
ka Territory, and was chosen a Delegate to the " Con-
stitutional Convention ; " in 1860 was a Councilman
in the Territorial Legislature ; having studied theol-
ogy, he served during the Rebellion as Chaplain of
the First Regiment of Nebraska Infantry ; and was
elected a Senator in Congress from the new State, for
the term commencing in 1867 and ending in 1869, serv-
ing on the Committees on Agriculture, Pensions,
and Public Lands.
Titcombf Jonathan, — Born in Newbury, Mas-
sachusetts, in 1728 ; was a member of the Committee
of Safety, and the Provincial Congress in 1774 and
1775 ; Colonel of a Regiment in the Rhode Island Ex-
pedition in 1778; member of the State Convention in
1780; Brigadier-General of Militia; and Naval Offi-
cer of Newbury port from 1789 to 1812. Died in
1817.
TituSf John, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was appointed from that State an Associate Jus-
tice of the United States Court for the Territory of
Arizonia, and subsequently appointed Ciiief Justice
of the same Court for the Territory of Utah, presiding
at Salt Lake City.
Titus f Ohadiah, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1837 to 1839.
Tod, David, — Born at Youngstown, Ohio, Feb-
ruary 21, 1805 ; studied with his father, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1827. and practiced at Warren
fifteen years ; in 1838 was a member of the State Sen-
ate ; in 1840 took the stump for Van Buren ; in 1844
was nominated Governor, but defeated by a small ma-
jority ; was Minister to Brazil from 1847 to 1852 ; a
Delegate to the Charleston Convention in 1860 ; and
was first Vice-President of that body ; when the
southern wing of that party withdrew to Baltimore,
he was its President. He warmly advocated the
Peace Measures before and after the Peace Congress
at Washington. Was elected Governor of Ohio in
1862 ; and gave his support to the Government during
his terra of two years. Died in Youngstown, Ohio,
November 13, 1868.
Tod, George, — Born in Suffield, Connecticut,
December 11, 1773 ; graduated at Yale College in
1795 ; in 1800, he settled in Georgetown, Ohio ; he
was State Senator in 1804 and 1805 ; Judge of the Su-
preme Court of the State from 1806 to 1809 ; President
Judge of the Third Judicial District from 1815 to
1834 ; was subsequently Prosecuting Attorney for
Warren County. He was Lieutenant-Colonel in the
War of 1812 ; and was distinguished in the defense of
Foi't Meigs in 1813. He was the father of Governor
Tod. Died in Warren County, Ohio, April 11, 1841.
Tod, John. — He was a Judge of the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania, and died at Bedford in that
State, May 27, 1830, in the fifty-first year of his age.
Todd, Charles S. — Was born near Danville,
K(^ntucky, January 22, 1791 ; was educated at the
best schools of the State , graduated at William and
Mary College in 1809 ; studied law with his father.
Judge Thomas Todd ; and attended the lectures at
Litchfield ; practiced at Lexington in 1811 ; entered
the army in 1812 as Acting Quarter-master of the
North-Western Division ; was on General Harrison's
staff, and bearer of dispatches to General Winches-
ter, previous to the battle of the River Raison ; was
Captain of the Seventeenth United States Infantry ;
and then Aid to tiie Commander; was Deputy-In-
spector-General of the Eighth Military District; then
Adjutant-General; and in 1815 Inspector-General,
with rank of Brevet-Colonel of Cavalry ; after the
war he practiced law in Frankfort ; was Secretary of
State under Madison in 1816 ; a member of the
Legislature in 1817 and 1818 ; Charge dAffaires to
Columbia from 1818 to 1823 ; and on his return set-
tled in Shelby County as a farmer ; was Vice-Presi-
dent of the State Agricultural Society for several
years ; he prepared sketches of the life of Harrison
in 1840; and edited the Cincinnati Republican; ac-
companied General Harrison to Washington in 1841 ;
was selected by him as Minister to Vienna, but his
death prevented the appointment ; received the mis-
sion to St. Petersburg, from President Tyler in 1841,
and held the position till he was recalled by Polk in
1845 ; after which he retired to private life in Ken-
tucky. He died at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, May 14,
1871.
Todd, John, — He was born in Hartford, Con-
necticut, and was a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania from 1821 to 1824. Died March 28,
1830.
Todd, John JB. S, — Born in Lexington, Ken-
tucky, April 4, 1814 ; when thirteen years of age
went with his parents to Illinois ; graduated at West
Point in 1837 ; served in the army eighteen years,
rendering much important service ; after his retire-
ment from the army, he became a trader with the
Indians ; in 1861 he was elected a Delegate to Con-
gress from Dakota ; wlien the Rebellion commenced
he was appointed a Brigadier-General, and com-
428
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
manded a division in the army of Tennessee ; was
re-elected a Delegate to Congress where he served
until 1865 ; he was one of the founders of Yankton,
and claimed as the leading citizen of Dakota in his
time ; and he died at Yankton, January 5, 1872. He
was connected by marriage with Abraham Lincoln,
and John C. Breckenridge.
Todd, Lemuel* — He was born July 29, 1817, in
Carlisle, Pennsylvania, graduated at Dickinson Col-
lege ; studied and practiced law ; was elected to the
Thirty-fourth Congress : served in the Rebellion as
Major of the First Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teer Reserve Corps, and afterwards as Inspector-Gen-
eral of Pennsylvania ; and was elected to the Forty-
third Congress, serving on the Committee on the
Navy Department and Elections.
Toddf Thomas, — Born in King and Queen
County, Virginia, January 23, 1765 ; was left an or-
phan at the age of eleven ; received a good English
education; was a soldier of the Revolution; emi-
grated to Kentucky in 1786, and began to practice
law at Danville ; was Clerk of the District Court of
Kentucky until 1799 ; Clerk of the Court of Appeals
from 1799 to 1801 ; Judge of that Court from 1801 to
1806 ; Chief Justice of Kentucky in 1806 and 1807 ;
Associate Judge of the Supreme Court from 1807 till
his death, which occurred February 7, 1826. He was
the father of Charles Scott.
Tolandf George W, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1837 to 1843. Graduated at Prince-
ton College in 1816.
Totnlinsonf Gideon, — He was born at Strat-
ford, Connecticut, December 31, 1780, and graduated
at Yale College in 1802. He studied law, and
practiced the profession in Fairfield. He was then
called to public life, and in 1818 was chosen a Rep-
resentative in Congress, in which office he was con-
tinued till 1827. In that year he was chosen Gover-
nor of Connecticut, and remained in that station un-
til March, 1831, when, on being elected a Senator of
the United States, he resigned his office as Governor.
After six years' service he returned to private life.
Died October 8, 1854, at Fairfield, Connecticut.
Tomlinsonf Thomas A, — He was born in New
York ; served in the State Assembly from Essex Coun-
ty in 1835 and 1836, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from 1841 to 1843.
TomhinSf Caleb, — He was born in West-
chester County, New York, and was a member of the
New York Assembly from that county from 1804 to
1806 ; and was elected a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1817 to 1821.
TofnkinSf Christopher, — He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Kentucky from 1831 to
1835 ; and died at Glasgow, Kentucky, in 1845.
ToniMnSf Cijdnor B, — Born in Belmont Coun-
ty, Ohio, November 8, 1810, and was educated at the
Ohio Univei;sity, at Athens ; was bred a farmer, and
afterwards studied law, having practiced for twenty-
two years ; and was elected a Representative from
Ohio to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a mem-
ber of the Committee on the Militia. Re-elected to
the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee
on Military Affairs.
TomMnSf Daniel J). — He was born in West-
chester County, New York, June 21, 1774. His father
was a farmer, and he was his seventh son. He
graduated at Columbia College in 1795, then stud-
ied law and was admitted to practice in the City
of New York in 1797. In 1821 he was a mem-
ber of the "Constitutional Convention" of the
State, and also served in the State Legislature. He
was elected a Representative in Congress from 1805 to
1807, but resigned to accept an appointment as Asso-
ciate Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. In
1807 he was elected Governor of the State, and held
that office two years. His aid in support of the Na-
tional Government during the War of 1812 gave him
prominence as a statesman. He prorogued the State
Legislature in 1812 for the space of ten months, to
prevent the establishment of the Bank of America in
the City of New York ; his opposition postponed, but
did not defeat the measure, and a charter was granted
in 1813. In 1817 he resigned the office of Governor,
and was elected Vice-President of the United States,
and served two years ; by virtue of which office he
was also President of the Senate. He died in New
York, June 11, 1825.
Tompkins f George, — He was an early settler of
Missouri ; Judge of the State Supreme Court from
1828 to 1840 ; Chief Justice from 1840 to 1846. Died
near Jefferson City, Missouri, April 7, 1846, aged
sixty-six years.
Tompkins, Patrick W, — He was born in
Kentucky, and settling in Mississippi, was elected a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1847
to 1849.
Toomhs, Robert, — He was born in Wilkes Coun-
ty, Georgia, July 2, 1810. The first three years of his
collegiate life were spent at the University of Georgia,
but he left it during the senior year, and went to
Schenectady, New York, and graduated at Union Col-
lege. He read law at the University of Virginia,
under Judge Lomas ; was admitted to the bar of
Georgia in 1829, and practiced regularly until his
election to Congress in 1845. His first public service
was as Captain of Volunteers in the Creek War, in
1836, under General Winfield Scott. In 1837 he was
elected to the Legislature from his native county,
where he now resides, and, with the exception of
1841, continued a member of the lower branch until
his election to the Federal House of Representatives,
where he served during the Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth,
Thirty-first, and Thirty-second Congresses. He en-
tered the Senate during the Thirty-third Congress for
six years, and was re-elected for a second term ending
March 4, 1865. In the House and also in the Senate,
he always served on important Committees. He was
expelled March 14, 1861, and became Secretary of
State in the Rebel government, and was also a Briga-
dier-General in the great Rebellion.
ToomeVf John Z>, — He was born in Wilming-
ton, North Carolina, and educated at Chapel Hill Col-
lege ; in 1818 he was elected Judge of the Superior
Court, but resigned ; in 1829 he was elected to the
Supreme Court, but soon resigned that position also ;
in 1831 he was elected to the State Legislature ; and
in 1836 he was again elected -to the Superior Court,
which position he held four years, and then resigned
— preferring the retirement of private life.
Toucey, Isaac, — He was bom in Newtown, Con-
necticut, November 5, 1796 ; received a thorough
classical education ; studied law, and commenced the
practice at Hartford in 1818 ; was appointed State's
Attorney in 1822 and continued to hold that office
until 18*35 ; was a Representative in Congress from
Connecticut from 1835 to 1839 ; Governor of the State
from 1846 to 1847 ; was appointed Attorney-General
of the United States by President Polk ; was a State
Senator in 1850 ; a Senator in Congress from 1852 to
1857 ; and in March of the latter year he went into
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
439
President Buchanan's Cabinet as Secretary of the
Navy, serving as such until 1861. He subsequently
founded two scholarships in Trinity College ; and
died in Hartford, Jnly 30, 1869.
Touhnin, Harry, — Born at Taunton, England,
in 1797 ; was a dissenting minister at Chorobert, Lan-
cashire ; came to Norfolk, Virginia, in 1793 ; Presi-
dent of Transylvania University from 1794 to 1796 ;
Secretary of State of Kentucky from 1796 to 1804 ;
appointed Judge of United States District Court of
Mississippi in 1804 ; compiled Digest of Territorial
Laws of Alabama in 1823 ; assisted in framing the
Constitution of Alabama in her Convention, and served
in the Legislature. Author of " Description of Ken-
tucky," 8vo, 1792 ; " Magistrate's Assistant," 8vo ;
"Supposed Welsh Indians," Nic. Journal , 1809;
"Collection of the Acts of Kentucky," 1802; and
with James Blair, " Review of the Criminal Law of
Kentucky," 8vo, 1804.
TotvleSf Thomas* — He was born in Ireland, and
well educated ; in 1815 he was appointed United
States Judge for the Territory of Illinois ; and after
the State governm^ent had been organized, he was ap-
pointed District Judge, but held the office only a short
time.
TownSf George W. — Born in Wilkes County
Georgia, May 4, 1802. He jvas prevented by ill-health
from receiving a collegiate education, and commenced
life as a merchant ; afterwards studied law ; was ad-
mitted to the bar of Alabama in 1824, and for a time
performed the duties of editor of a political paper.
In 1826 he returned to Georgia, and settled in Talbot
County. He served for several years in both branches
of the Legislature of that State, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from 1835 to 1839, and was re-
elected in 1846 ; his last public position was that of
Governor of Georgia, to which office he was elected in
1847, and was re-elected in 1849. He died at Macon,
July 15, 1854.
Toivnsendf Dwight, — He was born in the City
of New York in 1826 ; educated at the Grammar
school of Columbia Colleg-e ; entered mercantile life
when twenty-one years of age; retired from business
in 1863 ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative
from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, to
fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry
G. Stebbins, serving on the Committees on Coinage,
Weights and Measures. Re-elected to the Forty-
second Congress, serving on the Committee on Com-
merce.
Toivnsend, George. — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1815 to 1819.
Townsend, James* — He was elected a Rep-
resentative from New York to the Second Congress,
but died in May, 1791.
Townsendf Martin JT.— Born in Hancock,
Massachusetts, February 6, 1810 ; was educated at
Williams College, and graduated in 1833 ; from 1816
to 1833 he had resided upon a farm with his parents,
at Williamstown, Massachusetts. In 1833 he began
the practice of law at Troy, New York, and is still
engaged in his profession there. He was District
Attorney of Rensselaer County from 1842 to 1845 ;
was a member of the Constitutional Convention for
the State at Large in 1867 and 1868 ; has been for
several years a Regent of the University of New
York, and was elected a Rrepresentative from New
York to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Townsendf W, S, — He was born in England,
and, having settled in Ohio, was elected a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1853.
Toivnsend f Washington. — Born in West-
chester, Pennsylvania, in 1813 ; in 1832, he became a
teller in the Bank of Chester County, during which
service he studied law, and came to the bar in 1844 ;
served two terms as Deputy State's Attcrney ; was
Cashier of the Chester County Bank, which position
he resigned in 1857, to devote all his attention to the
practice of law ; he was a Delegate to the Baltimore
National Convention of 1852, and also to the Chicago
Convention of 1860 ; and in 1868, he was elected a
Representative from Pennsylvania to the Forty-first
Congress, serving on the Committees on Public
Lands, and Education and Labor. Re-elected to the
three succeeding Congresses, serving as Chairman of
the Committee on Public Lands.
Tracy, Albert H, — He was bom in Norwich,
Connecticut, June 17, 1793 ; received a good classical
education ; studied medicine with his father, but
when eighteen years of age he removed to New York
State, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1815 ; and he served three terms in Congress as a
Representative from a district comprehending almost
the whole of that part of New York west of Seneca
Lake, from 1819 to 1825 ; and in 1829 he was elected
to the Senate of New York for four years, and was
re-elected for a second term of four years. He was a
supporter of Mr. Adams for President, and declined
a seat in his Cabinet ; he also declined a Judgeship
tendered by Governor Clinton. Died at Buffalo, Sep-
tember 19, 1859.
Tracy f Andrew, — He was born in Vermont,
educated a lawyer ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1853 to 1855. He also
served ten years in both branches of the State Legis-
lature, and was Speaker from 1842 to 1845. Died in
Woodstock, Vermont, October 28, 1868.
Tracy f JET, TV, — He was born in Luzerne County,
Pennsylvania, September 24, 1807 ; was bred a far-
mer, and devoted some attention to mercantile pur-
suits ; in 1861 and 1862 he was elected to the State
Legislature ; and was a member of the " Chicago
Convention " which nominated Mr. Lincoln for Presi-
dent ; and was elected a Representative from Penn-
sylvania to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on
the Committees for the District of Columbia, and on
Expenditures in the Navy Department. He was also
a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union
Convention " of 1866
Tracy, JPhineas X, — He was born in Norwich,
Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1806 ; and
was a Representative in Congress from Genessee
County, New York, from 1827 to 1833, and was a
member of the Committee on Expenditures on Public
Buildings.
Tracy, JJri, — He was born in Franklin, Connec
ticut, and graduated at Yale College in 1789 ; was a
Representative in Congress from New York from 1805
to 1807, and again from 1809 to 1813 ; and died in
1813.
Tracy, Uriah, — Born in Franklin, Connecticut,
February 2, 1755 ; graduated at Yale College in 1778 ;
read law in Litchfield, and settled in that town. He
was often chosen a State Representative, and in 1793
was Speaker of the House. He was a Representative
in Congress from 1793 to 1796 ; and from 1796 to 1807
a Senator of the United States, officiating for a short
time as President pro tern, of the Senate. He was
also a Major-General of Militia ; commanded the re-
spect and enjoyed the friendship of the leading men
430
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
of his time, and died at Washington City, July 19,
1807, and was the first person buried in the Congres-
sional burying-ground.
TraftoUf JMark. — He was born in Maine ; and
elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the
Thirty-fourth Congress.
Train, Charles R, — Born in Framingham, Mas-
sachusetts in 1817 ; worked on a farm until fifteen ;
graduated at Brown University in 1837 ; studied law,
and finished his legal education at Cambridge, com-
ing to the bar in 1841 ; he was elected to the Massa-
chusetts Legislature in 1847 ; from 1848 to 1851 was
District Attorney for Northern Massachusetts ; in
1852 he was appointed, by President Fillmore, an
Associate Judge of the United States Court in Oregon,
but declined the office ; he was a member of the
*' State Constitutional Convention " of 1853 ; was a
second time appointed District Attorney ; in 1857 and
1858 he served as a member of the State Council ; and
he was elected a Representative from Massachusetts
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of
the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Re-
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings.
During the autumn of 1862 he served in the army as
a Volunteer Aid on the Staff of his friend. General
Gordon, and was present at the battle of Antietam.
He was also a Delegate to the " Baltimore Conven-
tion" of 1864 ; and the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con-
vention " of 1866. In 1875 he was elected Attorney-
General of Massachusetts.
T rapier f Paul. — He was a Delegate from South
Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1777 to
1778.
Treadivellf John, — Born in Farmington, Con-
necticut, November 23, 1745 ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1767, and studied law, and filled the office of
Judge of Probate, and of other courts. From 1785 to
1786 he was a Delegate to the Continental Congress.
In 1809 he was elected Governor of Connecticut, and
served two years. He was the first President of the
American Foreign Mission Society, and was a general
contributor to that and other charitable institutions.
He died August 19, 1823.
Treat, Samnel, — He was born in New Hamp-
shire ; removed to Missouri and settled in St. Louis ;
and in 1857 he was appointed United States Judge
for the Eastern District of Missouri. This informa-
tion comes to the compiler in official form, but the
presumption is that this and Samuel H. , Jr., are the
same person. The only mode of ascertaining the
truth was tried, but without success.
Treat, Samuel H. — He was born in Otsego
County, New York, June 21, 1812 ; and in 1855 was
appointed United States District Judge for the East-
ern District of Missouri and Southern District of
Illinois, residing in Springfield in the latter State.
He requested the compiler not to publish any further
information in regard to his public life.
Tredivay, William M".— He was born in Vir-
ginia, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1845 to 1847.
Tredivell, Thomas. — He was born in Smith-
town, Suffolk County, Long Island, in 1742, and
graduated at Princeton College in 1764. He was a
member from Suffolk County of the Provincial Con-
gress of the Colony of New York in 1775 and 1776,
and of the Convention of Representatives of the State
of New York in 1776 and 1777, by which the first Con-
stitution of the State of New York was adopted, and
was for many years the last surviving member of the
latter body. He also represented his native county
in the Convention of 1788, to deliberate upon the
adoption of the Federal Constitution, and, with the
other " anti-federalists " of that body, voted against
its adoption. From 1777 to 1783 he was a member
of the Assembly, and from 1786 to 1789 of the State
Senate from the same county. He was the first Judge
of the Court of Probate of the State, serving from
1778 to 1787, and subsequently Surrogate of Suffolk
County from 1787 to 1791. He was a member of
Congress from his native district from 1791 to 1795.
He was one of the original proprietors of Platts-
burg, Clinton County, New York, to which place
he removed in its infancy, near the close of the last
century. In 1801 he represented the Counties of
Clinton and Essex in the " State Constitutional Con-
vention " of that year, of which Aaron Burr was
President. He was again elected to the State Senate
and served from 1803 to 1807 ; was appointed Surro-
gate of Clinton County in 1807, and held that office
until 1831, making an almost continuous term of pub-
lic service of fifty-six years. His house and farm at
Plattsburg were pillaged by the British at their in-
vasion in July, 1813. He died at Plattsburg, Janu-
ary 30, 1832. His grandson, Thomas Tredwell Davis,
was a member of the Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth
Congresses.
Tremain, Lyman. — He was born in Durham,
New York, June 14, 1819 ;' received a liberal educa-
tion ; studied law and came to the bar in 1840 ; was
elected Supervisor in 1842 ; appointed District At-
torney of Greene County in 1844 ; was elected County
Judge and Surrogate in 1846 ; elected Attorney-Gen-
eral of the State of New York in 1858 ; in 1866 a
member of Assembly from the City of Albany, and
was Speaker in 1867 ; and was elected to the Forty
third Congress, serving on the Committees on the
Judiciary and other important committees.
Trescott, WilUain H. — He was born in South
Carolina ; received a liberal education ; in 1852 he
was appointed Secretary of Legation to London ; and
in 1860 received the appointment of Assistant Secre-
tary of State in Washington.
Trezvant, James. — He was born in Sussex
County, Virginia ; was a lawyer by profession ; was
Attorney for the State ; member of the State Legis-
lature, and of the "Constitutional Convention" of
1830 ; a Representative in Congress from Virginia
from 1825 to 1831, serving during his last term as
Chairman of the Committee on Military Pensions.
He died in 1838.
Trigg, Ahram. — ^He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia from 1797 to 1809.
Trigg, Connally F. — He was born in Virginia;
removed to Tennessee and settled in Bristol ; and in
1862 he was appointed United States Judge for the
Eastern District of Tennessee.
Trigg, John. — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Virginia from 1797 to 1804.
Trimble, Allen. — Born at .Augusta County, Vir-
ginia, November 24, 1783 ; settled in Highland
County, Ohio, where he was Clerk of the Courts and
Recorder from 1809 to 1816 ; commanded a mounted
regiment under Harrison, 1812 and 1813 ; in 1816
State Representative ; from 1817 to 1826 State Sena-
tor, and Speaker from 1819 to 1826 ; acting Governor
in 1821 and 1822 ; Governor from 1826 to 1830 ; and
President of the first State Board of Agriculture from
1846 to 1848. Died in Hillsborough, Ohio, February
2, 1870.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
431
Tri/mhley Cary A, — Born in Hillsborougli, Ohio,
September 13, 1818 ; graduated at the Ohio Univer-
sity in 1833 ; studied medicine, and received a medi-
cal diploma from the Cincinnati Medical College in
1836 ; in 1837 was appointed Demonstrator of Anat-
omy in his Alma Mater, w^hich position he held until
1841, when lie settled in Chillicothe ; in 1839, on ac-
count of his health, he retired from his profession,
and devoted himself to farming ; and was elected a
Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands.
Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress.
Triinble David, — He was born in Frederick
County, Virginia, about the year 1782 ; educated at
William and Mary College ; studied law, and when
he came of age removed to Kentucky. He was en-
gaged in the war of 1813, serving two campaigns
under General Harrison. In 1817 he w^as chosen a
member of Congress from Kentucky, and served
without interruption till 1827, being highly esteemed
for the integrity of his principles and his devotion to
his public duties. After his retirement from Con-
gress, he became engaged in agriculture and the
iron manufacture, and in the latter interest he did
much to develop the resources of the State. He died
at Trimble's Furnace, Kentucky, October 26, 1842.
Trimble^ John, — He was born in Roane Coun-
ty, Tennessee, February 7, 1812 ; graduated at the
Nashville University ; studied law and adopted the
profession ; from 1836 to 1841 he was Attorney-Gen-
eral of the State for the Nashville District ; was a
member of the State Assembly from 1843 to 1845 ;
of the State Senate from 1845 to 1847 ; and again
from 1859 to 1861 ; in 1862 he was appointed, by
President Lincoln, District Attorney of the United
States for Middle Tennessee, which he resigned in
1864; was again in the State Senate from 1865 to
1867, when he resigned; and he was elected a Repre-
sentative from Tennessee to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Freedmen's Affairs,
and Private Land Claims.
Trimble f John Harrison, — Born in Clark
County, Kentucky, in 1783 ; was a Circuit Judge, and
subsequently a Judge of the Court of Appeals. Died
in Harrison County, June 17, 1852.
Trimble f Lawrence S, — He was born in Flem-
ing, Kentucky, August 26, 1825 ; received a good
English education ; studied law and adopted that
profession ; was a member of the Kentucky Legis-
lature in 1851 and 1852 ; was Judge of the Equity
and Criminal Court of the First Judicial District of
the State from 1856 to 1860 ; from 1860 to October,
1865, was President of the New Orleans and Ohio
Railroad Company, and was elected a Representative
from Kentucky to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving
on the Committees onRevolutionary Claims, on Manu-
factures, and Revenue Frauds. Re-elected to the
Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, and placed on the
Committees on Invalid Pensions and Indian Affairs.
Trimble^ Hoberf, — Born in Berkley County,
Virginia, in 1776 ; received a good plain education ;
studied law, came to the bar in 1803, and settled in
Kentucky ; was soon afterwards elected to the State
Legislature ; in 1808 he was chosen Judge of the
Court of Appeals, but soon resigned the position ; in
1810 he was made Chief Justice of the State ; in 1813
District Attorney for the State ; in 1816 he was ap-
pointed Federal Judge of Kentucky by President
Madison, and in 1826 he was appointed, by President
J. Q. Adams, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the
United States. A County was named for Mm in
Kentucky, and he died August 25, 1828.
Trimble, William, — He was a native of Ken-
tucky ; well educated and a successful lawyer ; was
an early emigrant to the Territory of Arkansas, where
he was appointed United States Judge for that Ter-
ritory, remaining in office until 1832.
Trimble f William ^.— Born in VS^oodford,
Kentucky, April 4, 1786 ; educated at Transylvania
University, studied law with his relative, Judge Rob-
bert Trimble, and afterwards at Litchfield, Connecti-
cut, and settled to practice in Highland, Ohio, 1811 ;
was Adjutant in the regiment of his brother in 1812 ;
was Major of Ohio Volunteers in 1812 ; Major Sixth
Infantry in 1813 ; brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel for
gallantry at Foit Erie sortie in 1814, in which he was
severely woun ed ; Lieutenant-Colonel of First In-
fantry from 1814 to 1819 ; United States Senator
from Ohio from 1819 to 1821 ; Commissioner with
General Cass to treat with the North-western Indians
at Green Bay. Died in Washington, District of Col-
umbia, December 13, 1821.
Triplett^ Philip, — He was born in Virginia, and
was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky
from 1839 to 1843.
Tripp f Robert P, — He w^as born in Georgia, and
was elected a Representative in Congress from that
State to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses.
Trotter, F, James, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from Mississippi during the year 1838.
Troup, George M. — Born on the Tombigbee
River, September 8, 1780 ; graduated at Princeton
College ; studied law ; and in 1800 was elected to the
Legislature of Georgia, and re-elected for four terms ;
was a Representative in Congress from Georgia from
1807 to 1815 ; and a Senator from 1816 to 1818, and
from 1829 to 1834. From 1823 to 1827 he was Gov-
ernor of that State. He died in Laurens County,
Georgia, May 3, 1856. He was an advocate of State
rights, and the champion of State sovereignty.
Trotip, Robert, — Born in New York in 1757 ;
graduated at Columbia College in 1774 ; studied law
in the office of John Jay ; joined the Revolutionary
Army at Long Island, as a Lieutenant, in 1776 ; was
shortly after appointed Aide to General Woodhall,
and was taken prisoner at the battle of Long Island,
and confined for some time in the Jersey prison-ship,
and afterwards in the Provost prison in New York,
but was exchanged in 1777 and joined the army in
New Jersey. He joined General Gates, as Aide, at
Saratoga, and was at the battle of Stillwater, and at
the surrender of Burgoyne in 1777 ; he was appointed
by Congress, in 1778, Secretary of the Board of War ;
in 1779 went to New Jersey and completed his law
studies. After the peace he was Judge of the United
States District Court of New York, and held that
oflfice many years, and was member of the State Legis-
lature. He published in 1822 a letter on the Lake
Canal policy of New York ; " Vindication of the
Claim of Elkanah Watson" in 1821 ; " Remarks on
Trinity Church Bill" in 1813. He was the warm per-
sonal friend of Hamilton. Resided for many years,
at Geneva as agent of the great Pulteney estate. Died
in New York, January 14, 1822.
Trousdale, William, — Born in Tennessee ; ap-
pointed Colonel of Tennessee mounted volunteers in
the Florida War, in 1836 ; Colonel of the Fourth In-
fantry in 1847 ; Brevet Brigadier-General, for gallant
and meritorious conduct at Chapultepec, in 1848,
where he was severely wounded ; was Governor of
Tennessee from 1841 to 1851 ; and Minister Pleni-
potentiary to Brazil in 1853.
432
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Trout, Michael C. — He was born in Pennsylva-
nia, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1853 to 1855.
Troivbridgey Howland E, — Was born in El-
mira, New York, June 18, 1821 ; removed with bis
parents to Michigan, when a mere child ; graduated
at Kenyon College, Ohio, in 1841 ; has been devoted
all his life to the business of farming ; was elected
to the Senate of Michigan in 1856 and 1858 ; and in
1860 was elected a Representative from Michigan to
the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com-
mittee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. He was
also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving
on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and
Agriculture. He was also a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia " Loyalists' Convention ; " and was re-elected
to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Agriculture.
Truettf George* — Was Governor of Delaware
from 1808 to 1811. Died in Camden, Delaware, Oc-
tober 8, 1818, aged sixty-two years.
TrumbOf Andrew, — A native of Kentucky ;
was born in Montgomery County, now Bath, Septem-
ber 13, 1799; he had a limited English education, and
at the age of fifteen went into the County Clerk's office,
and afterwards became clerk ; studied law, and com-
menced practice in 1824, He was a Representative
in the Twenty-ninth Congress, and one of the Presi-
dential Electors of Kentucky in 1848.
Trumbull, 'John, — He was born in Connecticut
in 1750, and graduated at Yale College at a very early
age ; in 1772 he published the first part of his poem,
entitled " The Progress of Idleness." In the follow-
ing year he was admitted to the bar in Connecticut,
and removing to Boston, continued his legal studies
in the office of John Adams. He returned to Connec-
ticut in 1774, and commenced the practice of his pro-
fession in New Haven. The first part of ' ' McTingal "
was published in Philadelphia in 1775, but in 1782
the poem was completed and published in Hartford,
where the author at that time resided ; more than
thirty editions of this work were published in his
lifetime. In 1789 he was appointed State Attorney
for the County of Hartford, and in 1801 a Judge of
the Superior Court of Errors, which position he held
until 1819. In 1825 he removed to Detroit and re-
sided with his daughter, Mrs. Woodbridge, and died
at Spring Wells in May, 1831.
Trumbull, John, — He was born in Lebanon,
Connecticut, June 6, 1756, and was the son of the
Rev. Jonathan ; having joined a Connecticut Regi-
ment as Adjutant in 1773, and made an accurate
sketch of the works around Boston, he attracted the
notice of Washington, who made him his second aid-
de-camp and promoted him to the rank of Colonel; in
1777 he left the army and studied the art of painting
with West in London ; and, upon the execution of
Andre, he was, by way of retaliation, thrown into
prison. Between the years 1789 and 1793 he executed
the portraits for his well-known historical paintings,
called the Declaration of Independence, Surrender at
Saratoga, Surrender of Cornwallis, and the Resigna-
tion of Washington at Annapolis, all of which were
painted under orders from the Government and are
now in the Rotunda of the Capitol. In 1794 he was
Secretary to Jay's Commission to Great Britain ; in
1796 instructed to carry out some of its provisions; was
President of the American Academy of Fine Arts in
New York from 1816 to 1825; and he died in New York
City, November 10, 1843 ; having published an inter-
esting autobiography in 1841. He formed a gallery of
fifty-seven of his paintings, and presented them to Yale
College ; there are also some of his best productions
in the Boston Atheneum ; and among his more famous
productions may be mentioned the Battle of Bunker's
Hill, Death of Montgomery, Sortie at Gibralter, Bat-
tle of Princeton, Battle of Trenton, Surrender of the
Hessians at Trenton, and portraits of Washington.
Trumbull, Jonathan, — Born in Lebanon, Con-
necticut, June 10, 1710 ; graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1727 ; after a few years service in the min-
istry, he studied law and became eminent ; was a
member of the Assembly at the age of twenty-three ;
chosen Lieutenant-Governor in 1766, and Chief Jus-
tice of the Superior Court. He refused to take the
oath enjoined on royal officers, and was made Gov-
ernor from 1769 to 1783 ; and was the only Colonial
Governor who took the side with the people. He
was a Whig leader and was relied on by Washington
as one of his firm supporters. The phrase sometimes
used by him, ' ' Let us see what Brother Jonathan
says," is supposed to have originated the term fre-
quently applied to the United States. He received
the degree of LL.D. from Yale College in 1779, and
from Edinburgh in 1785. He died August 17, 1785.
Trumbull, Jonathan, — Born in Lebanon, Con-
necticut, March 26, 1740, and graduated at Harvard
College in 1759. In 1775 he was appointed by Con-
gress Paymaster in the Northern department of the
army, and not long after was attached to the family of
Washington as Secretary and first Aid, with whom he
continued until the close of the war. He Avas for
several years a Representative in the State Legisla-
ture of Connecticut, and Speaker of the House ; was
a Presidential Elector in 1797, 1801 and 1805 ; and a
Representative in Congress from that State from
1789 to 1785 ; elected Speaker of the House of Repre-
sentatives in 1791, and continued in that station till
he was transferred to the United States Senate in
1795, where he served only one year, having been
elected Lieutenant-Governor of Connecticut, and in
1798 Governor, in which position he remained until
his death, which occurred August 7, 1809.
Trumbull f JosepJi, — Born March 11, 1737;
graduated at Harvard University in 1756 ; was Dela-
egate to the Continental Congress in 1774 and 1775 ;
a Commissioner for the Board of War in 1777, re-
signed the next year on account of ill-health ; was
Commissary-General in the Revolutionary Army from
1775 to 1777 ; in 1779 Congress made an eulogistic re-
port on his services and voted to his heirs a commis-
sion on the sums received and issued, and the pur-
chases made by him. He died July 23, 1778 ; he was
the son of Jonathan, Sr.
Trumbull, Joseph, — Born in Lebanon, Con-
necticut, December 7, 1783 ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1801 ; studied law, and practiced with success
in Ohio ; was President of the Hartford Bank for
eleven years ; served in the General Assembly in
1832, 1848, and 1851 ; in 1849 he was elected Governor
of Connecticut ; was President of a Railroad Com-
pany ; received from Yale College the degree of
LL.D.; and was a Representative in Congress from
Connecticut in 1834, for an unexpired term, and from
1839 to 1843.
Trumbull, Lyman, — He was born in Colches-
ter, Connecticut, in 1813 ; adopted the profession of
law ; removed to Illinois, and became a member of
the Legislature of that State in 1840 ; was Secretary
of State in 1841 and 1842 ; Justice of the Supreme
Court of Illinois from 1848 to 1853 ; was elected a
Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-fourth
Congress, and was elected a Senator in Congress for
the term commencing in 1855 and ending in 1861,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Judi-
ciary, and as a member of the Committees on Pub-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
433
lie Buildings and Grounds, and Indian Affairs ; and
was re-elected for the term ending 1867. In 1864 lie
was appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
" Loyalists' Convention " of 1866; and in January,
1867, he was re-elected to the Senate for the term
ending in 1873, serving on the additional Committee
on Pensions.
TucJCf Amos, — He was born in Maine ; graduated
at Dartmouth College in 1835 ; was for some time a
tutor in that Institution ; and, removing to New
Hampshire, was elected a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1847 to 1853. He was also a
member of the " Peace Congress " of 1861.
Tucker f JBeverly, — He was born in Virginia ;
received a good education ; was identified with the
newspaper business in Washington ; chosen Super-
intendent of Public Printing in 1853, and during the
Rebellion participated with zeal in the cause of the
Southern States.
Tucker f Ehenezer, — He was born in Burling-
ton, New Jersey, in 1758 ; he was a soldier in the
Revolutionary War, and served at the battle of Long
Island ; he filled many oflftces of distinction and trust,
among them those of Collector and Postmaster of
New Jersey ; and he was a member of Congress from
New Jersey from 1825 to 1829. He also held the
oflfices of Judge of the Common Pleas, Justice of the
Court of Quarter Sessions, and Judge of the Orphans'
Court. He died at Tuckerton, New Jersey, Septem-
ber 5, 1845.
Tucker^ George* — Bom in Bermuda in 1775 ;
removed to Virginia ; graduated at W^illiam and
Mary College in 1797 ; was a member of the Legisla-
ture ; a Representative in Congress from Virginia
from 1819 to 1825 ; from 1825 to 1845 ; was Professor
of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy in the
University of Virginia. He was the author of " Life
of Jefferson," 2 vols., 1837 ; " Progress of the United
States," 8vo, 1855 ; " Political History of the United
States in 1858," "Literature of the United States,"
Svo, 1837 ; and other valuable works and essays on
Taste, Morals, and National Policy, and financial
subjects. He died at Charlottesville, Virginia, April
10, 1861. He was a relation of St. George Tucker.
Tucker, Henry St, George, — Born in Virginia
in 1779 ; received a liberal education, and became a
prominent lawyer. He was at one time President of
the Court of Appeals ; also Professor of Law in the
University of Virginia ; the author of several valu-
able works on law ; and a Representative in Congress
from Virginia from 1815 to 1819. He died at Win-
chester, Virginia, August 28, 1848.
Tucker f John — He was a citizen of New York,
and held the position of Assistant Secretary of War
daring a part of the Rebellion, receiving the appoint-
ment, January 27, 1862.
Tucker, J', IR, — Born in Winchester, Virginia,
December 24, 1823 ; educated at the University of
Virginia ; admitted to the bar in 1845 ; was a Presi-
dential Elector in 1852 and 1856 ; in 1857 was elected
Attorney-General of the State, and re-elected in 1859
and 1863 ; by the issue of the Rebellion he was de-
posed from office ; was elected in 1870 Professor of
Equity and Law in Washington College (now Wash-
ington and Lee University), and, without making
himself a candidate, he was elected a Representative
from Virginia to the Forty-fourth Congress. He is
a brother of Beverly Tucker, formerly a well-known
editor in Washington.
Tucker, Starling, — He was born in Halifax
County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in
Congress from the Laurens District of South Carolina
from 1817 to 1831. He died February 4, 1834.
Tucker, St, George, — Born at Port Royal, Ber-
muda ; removed to Virginia June 29, 1752 ; graduated
at William and Mary College ; studied law, but took
an early part in the Revolution, planning and aiding
in capturing a large amount of stores in a fort at Ber-
muda. At Yorktown, while in command of a regi-
ment, he was severely wounded. He was a member
of the Virginia Legislature ; was one of the Commit-
tee to revise the laws of "Virginia ; was a Professor in
William and Mary College, and a member of the
Convention at Annapolis in 1786 ; he was Judge in
the State Courts nearly fifty years ; was Judge of the
Court of Appeals from 1803 to 1811 ; Judge of the
United States District Court in 1813 ; and was called
"The American Blackstone.'' He was the author of
"Peter Pindar" and the celebrated poem on "Lib-
erty ; " an essay on " How far the Common Law of
England is the Common Law of the United States ; "
a treatise on slavery in 1796, and on the Alien and
Sedition Laws, 1799 ; and an annotated edition of
Blackstone in 1803 ; also other poems and essays.
He died at Edgewood, Nelson County, Virginia, No-
vember, 1827. He received the degree of LL.D.
from William and Mary College in 1790.
Tucker, Thomas Tudor, — He was a patriot of
the Revolution ; was a Delegate to the Continental
Congress in 1787 and 1788 ; and a Representative in
Congress from South Carolina from 1789 to 1793 ; was
United States Treasurer from 1794 to his death. He
was the author of an oration at Charleston, South
Carolina, before the South Carolina Society of the
Cincinnati in 4to, 1795, Died at Washington, May 2,
1828, aged 83 years. He was a son of Henry of Port
Royal, Bermuda.
Tucker, Tilghman M, — He was born in North
Carolina ; was Governor of Mississippi from 1841 to
1843 ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Mississippi from 1841 to 1845. Died at Alabama,
April 31, 1859.
Tuckerman, Charles T, — He was a citizen of
New York, and in 1868 was appointed Minister Resi-
dent to Greece, where he remained until 1871.
Tudor, William, — Bom in Boston, Massachu-
setts, March 28, 1750 ; graduated at Harvard Univer-
sity in 1769 ; studied law with John Adams, and ad-
mitted to the bar at Suffolk in 1772 ; a Colonel in the
army, and Judge Advocate-General from 1775 to
1778 ; and was on the staff of the Commander-in-
Chief ; was a member of the House and Senate of
Massachusetts, and in 1809 and 1810 Secretary of
State ; was Vice-President of the Cincinnati Society
of Massachusetts in 1816 ; was one of the founders
of the Historical Society. He delivered a spirited
oration on the Boston Massacre, March 5, 1779 ; an
"Address to the Cincinnati," and other addresses.
He died July 8, 1819,. He was son of Judge Thomas
T.
Tudor, William,T—B6Tn in Boston, January 28,
1779 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1796. He
visited Europe early in life, and on his return home
in 1814, he first edited the North American Review.
He aided in founding the Anthology Club, and pub-
lished his European letters in their Monthly Anthol-
ogy magazine. He was a member of the Massa-
chusetts Legislature ; founded the ice-traffic with
tropical climes in 1805 ; and was afterwards engaged
in other commercial transactions in Europe. He was
the originator of the Bunker Hill Monument, and one
434
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
of the founders of the Boston Atlianaeum in 1807. In
1823 was appointed Consul at Lima, and in 1827
Charge d' Affaires at Brazil. He published " Letters
on the Eastern States " in 1820 ; Miscellanies in 1821 ;
" Life of James Otis," 1823 ; " Gebel Teir," 1828. In
1809, delivered the oration at Boston, July 4, and in
1810 prepared the Phi Beta Kappa address for Har-
vard. He died at Rio Janeiro, March 9, 1830.
TiiftSy John Quinci/, — Born in Aurora, Indiana,
July 12, 1840 ; educated at common-schools and Cor-
nell College ; held the various positions in the county
of his residence as Clerk, Trustee, and Justice ; elect-
ed to the Iowa Legislature in 1869, and re-elected in
1871 and 1878, and in 1874 he was elected a Repre-
sentative from Iowa to the Forty- fourth Congress.
Turner, benjamin Steeling, — Was born in
Halifax County, North Carolina, March 17, 1825 ;
was raised as a slave, and received no early educa-
tion ; removed to Alaljama in 1880 ; obtained a fair
education ; was a dealer in general merchandise ;
elected Tax Collector of Dallas County in 1867, and
Councilman of the City of Selma in 1869, and was
elected to the Forty-second Congress as Represent-
ative from Alabama, serving on several Committees.
Turner, Charles, — Graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1752 ; studied for the ministry, and settled
in Duxbury, Massachusetts ; was elected a Represent-
ative in Congress from Massachusetts, serving from
1809 to 1813, and died in 1816, aged about sixty-six
years. He was at one time Master of the Marine
Hospital at Chelsea ; and it has been denied that this
man was a graduate of Harvard, but another bearing
the same name.
Turner, Daniel, — Born in Warren County,
North Carolina, September 26, 1796. He commenced
his education at Warrenton Academy ; completed it
at West Point ; in 1814 was appointed a Lieutenant
of Artillery ; as such, served ai Brooklyn Heights,
and at Plattsburg, and resigned in 1815 ; after leav-
ing the army he spent two years at William and
Mary College ; from 1819 to 1823 he served in the
Legislature of North Carolina; and was a member of
Congress from 1827 to 1829. He subsequently had
charge of the Warrenton Female Seminary.
Turner, George, — Born in England in 1750 ;
joined the Revolutionary Army at the breaking out
of the war ; was a Captain, and commanded at South
Carolina ; was distinguished at the battles in that
, State. He was commissioned by his personal friend,
Washington, Judge of the Northwest Territory in
1789. In 1833 he removed to Philadelphia, where he
, died March 16, 1843.
Turner, James — Born in Virginia in the year
'17B6. His education was such as could be afforded
by the common- schools of the country ; he served in
the Revolution as a private soldier ; entered public
ilife in 1800 as a member of the Legislature of North
Carolina ; in 1802 was elected Governor of the State ;
and was a Senator in Congress from North Carolina
from 1805 to 1816. He died at Bloomsbury, January
15, 1824, much respected for his talents and personal
worth.
Turner, James, — He was born in Maryland,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
tfrom 1833 to 1837.
Turner, Josiah,—^^ was born in New Haven,
'Addison County, Vermont, September 1, 1811 ; re
ceived an academical education at Middlebury and St
Albans ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1833, in St. Alban's County, where he commenced the
practice of his profession. In 1840 he emigrated to
Michigan and settled at Howell, Livingston County,
where he resumed his profession ; in 1857 he was ap-
pointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State
by the Governor, and shortly afterwards he was
elected by the people Circuit Judge of the Seventh
Judicial Circuit for six years, and in 1863 re-elected
for the same time. In 1869 he was again re-elected
by both political parties, for a third term of six years,
and without any opposition. He removed from How-
ell to Owasso in 1860 ; was chosen Mayor of that city
in 1864 for two years ; and he was a member of the
State Constitutional Convention of 1867.
Turner, J, Milton, — He was a citizen of Mis-
souri, and in 1871 was appointed Minister Resident
and Consul-General to Liberia, and was still in office
in 1875.
Turner, Thomas, — He was appointed in 1800
Accountant of the Navy, which is the office subse-
quently called that of Fourth Auditor, and he re-
mained in the position until 1810. Supposed to have
been the father of the American Admiral bearing the
same name.
Turner, Thomas G, — He was Governor of
Rhode Island for one year, beginning with 1859.
Turner, Thomas J, — Bom in Trumbull County,
Ohio, April 5, 1815, where he resided until ten years
of age, receiving all his school education within that
time. In 1825 he removed with his father's family
to Butler County, Pennsylvania, where he worked on
a farm until fourteen years old, when the destitute
circumstances of his father compelled him to make
unusual exertions to assist in the support of the fam-
ily, which he did by working as a laborer on the
Pennsylvania Canal, and contributed his earnings to
his father until the age of eighteen. Leaving his
father comfortable, he went to the " Far West," and
spent three years in St. Paul's County, Indiana, and
finally settled in Freeport, Stevenson County, Illinois.
He was made Justice of the Peace, which office he
held for several years ; in 1888 he studied law as a
profession, and obtained a lucrative practice. In 1842
he was elected Probate Justice of the Peace, and in
1844 was appointed Postmaster. In 1845 he was
chosen State's Attorney for the Sixth Judicial District,
and in 1846 he was elected a Representative in the
Thirtieth Congress. In 1854 he was a member of the
Lower House of the Legislature, and chosen Speaker.
Since that time he has devoted himself to the prac-
tice of law.
Turner, Turner, — He was born in Ohio, and
was appointed from that State Chief Justice of the
United States Court for the Territory of Nevada, re-
siding at Carson City. A person bearing this name
was also a Judge of the United States Court for the
Northwest Territory, and the records do not state
whether the persons are identical or not.
Turner, William F, — He was bom in Pennsyl-
vania, and removed to Iowa, from which State he
was appointed Chief Justice of the United States
Court for the Territory of Arizona.
Turney, Hopkins L, — Born in Smith County,
Tennessee, October 3, 1797 ; he was in his boyhood
bound to a tailor, and served in that business several
years ; in 1818 he entered upon the campaign against
the Seminole Indians ; he did not learn to write until
twenty-two years of age, and yet soon after studied
law, and was very successful at the bar ; he served
about ten years in the Legislature, from 1828 to 1838;
and he was a Representative in Congress from Ten-
nessee from 1837 to 1843, and in the Senate of the
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
435
United States from 1845 to 1851. He died in Win-
chester, Tennessee, August 1, 1857, leaving behind
him a high reputation for his abilities and virtues,
Turnepf tfacob, — Born in Greensburg, Pennsyl-
vania, February 18, 1825, where he has ever since re-
sided ; received his education at the Greensburg
Academy ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1849 ; was elected District- Attorney for Westmore-
land County in 1850 ; was re-elected in 1858, and con-
tinued in that office six years ; was Presidential Elec-
tor in 1856 ; was State Senator in 1858, 1859, and
1860 ; was Speaker of that body in 1859 ; he after-
ward resumed the practice of law ; in 1874 he was
elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
Tiirpief J). — He was born in Hamilton County,
Ohio, July 8, 1829 ; graduated at Kenyon College in
1848 ; studied law, and was admitted to practice at
Logansport, Indiana, in 1849; was appointed by Gov-
ernor Wright, whom he succeeded in the Senate, Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas in 1854, and was
Judge of the Circuit Court in 1856, both of which
offices he resigned ; in 1852, and also in 1858, he was
a member of the Legislature of Indiana ; and in 1863
he was elected a Senator in Congress for the unex-
pired term of J. D. Bright, and immediately succeed-
ing J. A. Wright, who served by appointment of
the Governor.
Turpin^ Edivard A, — He was a citizen of New
York, and in 1858 he was appointed Minister to Ven-
ezuela, where he remained until 1861.
Turrellf Joel, — He was born in Vermont ; grad-
uated at Middlebury College in 1816 ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from New York from 1833 to
1837, having been a member of the State Assembly
from Oswego County in 1831. Died in Oswego, New
York, December 26, 1859, aged sixty-four years.
Tuthillf Joseph H, — He was born in Blooming
Grove, New York, February 11, 1811 ; received a
good education ; was a merchant for thirty-five years ;
President of the Ellenville Glass Works ; Clerk of
Ulster County for four years ; a member of the Ulster
County Board of Supervisors ten years ; and elected
to the Forty-second Congress, serving on the Commit-
tees on the Militia and on the Navy Department.
Tuthillf Selah,— Born in New York, and was
elected a Representative from that State to the Sev-
enteenth Congress, but died in December, 1821.
Tweed f Charles Jl, — He was born in Massachu-
setts ; removed to California, and from that State, in
1870, he was appointed an Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court for the Territory of Arizona, residing
at Yuma.
Tiveedf William M, — Bom in the City of New
York, April 3, 1823 ; received a common-school edu-
cation ; was by occupation a chair-manufacturer; was
an Alderman in New York City in 1852 ; a member of
the Thirty-third Congress ; a member of the State
Board of Education in 1857 ; a Supervisor of New
York County in 1858 ; and a State Senator in 1867.
In 1874 he was arrested, tried and found guilty of
robbing the City of New York, by virtue of his offi-
cial position in the city government, of a very large
amount of money, and he was sent to the penitentia-
ry for twelve years, but in December, 1875, he made
his escape from prison.
Tweedy f John IT, — He was bom in Connecti-
cut ; graduated at Yale College ; adopted the profes-
sion of law ; removed to Wisconsin in 1837 ; was a
member of the first " Constitutional Convention " of
that Territory in 1846 ; and was elected a Delegate to
Congress from the same in 1847, serving one ses-
sion.
Tweedy, Sarmiel, — He was born in Connecti-
cut, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1833 to 1835.
Twitchellf Ginery.—He was born in Athol,
Worcester County, Massachusetts, August 26, 1811 ;
in 1830 he commenced the businesss of staging or car-
rying the mail ; was the first to establish a daily line
of coaches between Boston and Brattleborough, in
Vermont, and after which, he made important con-
tracts with the Government for carrying the mail ; in
1847 he became identified with the Boston and Wor-
cester Railroad as a subordinate officer, but was sub-
sequently appointed President of the same, and has
continued in it to the present time. In 1866 he was
elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the
Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Na-
val Affairs, and Expenditures in the Interior Depart-
ment. Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second
Congresses, serving on various Committees.
TyleVf jLsher, — He was born in Bridg^water,
Oneida County, New York, May 10, 1798 ; graduated
at Hamilton College in 1817 ; was a lawyer by profes-
sion ; a Representative from New York to the Twen-
ty-eighth Congress ; subsequently settled in Elmira,
where he was extensively identified with railway op-
erations, and died in Elmira, in August, 1875.
Tyler, John. — Born in Charles City County, Vir-
ginia, in 1790. He commenced his political life at an
early age, having been elected to the Virginia Legisla-
ture at the age of twenty-one years, and five years later
to Congress. In 1826 he was elevated to the station
of Governor of his native State. He discharged the
duties of his office but one year and a half, when, in
1837, the Legislature selected him to fill a vacancy in
the Senate of the United States, where he officiated
as President pro tern, of that body. He served in this
capacity until a difference of opinion having arisen
between General Jackson and himself, he resigned
his seat in 1836, and went into voluntary retirement.
Mr. Tyler did not again make his appearance in pub-
lic life until 1840, when he was selected by the Whig
party as their candidate for Vice-President. He was
elected to that office by a large majority, and entered
upon the discharge of his duties in March, 1841, when
the death of the President, General Harrison, shortly
after, raised him to the chief magistracy of the Repub-
lic. His term of office expired in 1845, after which
he lived in retirement in Virginia until 1861. He was
elected in that year a Delegate to the " Peace Con-
gress" held in Washington, and officiated as its
President ; and, on his return to Virginia, he became
a member of the Virginia Convention of 1861, and the
Rebel Congress, and died in Richmond, January 17,
1862.
Tyler, John, — He was a native of Virginia, and
in 1811 was appointed a Judge of the United States
District Court for the District of Virginia.
Tyler, Hoy all, — Bom in Boston, July 18, 1757 ;
graduated at Harvard University, in 1776 ; studied
law with John Adams ; was aide to General Lincoln
for a short time ; and again in the " Shay's Rebellion "
in 1786 ; settled as a law7er in Guilford, Vermont, in
1790, and was successful ; from 1800 to 1806 was
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, of
which he had been six years Judge. He was a suc-
cessful dramatist, and in 1786 produced " The Con-
trast," in New York ; which was the first American
Play ever acted by an established company, on a
436
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
regular stage; also produced ''May Day, or New
York in an Uproar," in 1787 ; " The Georgia Specu-
lator, or Land in the Moon," in 1797 ; he also wrote
"The Algerine Captive," a fictitious memoir in two
volumes in 1799. He contributed to the Farmer's
Weekly Museum; the Portfolio; the New England
Galaxy ; and other journals. He died at Brattle-
borough, Vermont, August 16, 1826.
T If ner, James W, — Born at Brookville, Indiana,
January 17, 1826 ; received an academic education ;
studied law ; was Secretary of the Indiana Senate for
four sessions from 1857 ; was a Presidential Elector
in 1860 ; special agent of the Post-Office Department
from 1861 to 1866 ; elected to the Forty-first, Forty-
second, and Forty-third Congresses, serving on the
Committees on Appropriations and Post-Offices. Im-
mediately after leaving Congress, he was appointed
Governor of Colorado and also an Assistant Post-
master-General, retaining the latter office.
Tifson, fTacoh, — He was a member of the New
York Senate from Richmond County, in 1828, and a
Representative to Congress from New York from 1823
to 1825.
Tyson, Job It, — He was born in Montgomery
County, Pennsylvania, in 1804, and died near Phila-
delphia in 1858. He was educated a lawyer, frequent-
ly served in the City Councils of Philadelphia, and
was a member of the Thirty-fourth Congress. He
commanded uncommon influence in Congress, and
was a man of refined tastes in literature and the fine
arts. He also served in the Legislature of Pennsylva-
nia, and through his exertions the archives of that
State were first published. While educating him-
self, in early life, he taught in a district school, and
his published addresses are quite numerous.
Tyson, J, W» — He was appointed in 1843, Second
Assistant Postmaster-General, and remained in office
until 1844.
Udreef Daniel, — Born in Philadelphia ; re-
moved to Berks County, Pennsylvania, where he
entered largely into the manufacture of iron, and
was a most successful business man. He was in the
State Legislature from 1799 to 1805 ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1813
to 1815, from 1819 to 1821, and from 1823 to 1825, —
on two occasions filling the unexpired terms of men
who had resigned. Died July 22, 1828.
Underhillf Walter, — He was bom in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1849 to 1851.
Underwood^ John C* — He was born in Litch-
field, Herkimer County, New York, in 1808 ; studied
law and removed to the State of Virginia ; residing
in Clark County for many years ; from 1861 to 1863
he was Fifth Auditor of the Treasury in Washington;
and was subsequently a United States District Judge
in the St^te of Virginia. It was in his district that
JefEerson D^avis was indicted for treason, and Judge
Underwood refused to release him on bail. He died
in Washington, December 7, 1873.
Underwoodf John W, H, — Born in Elbert
County, Georgia, November 20, 1816 ; received a
good English and classical education ; studied law,
and was admitted to the bar in 1834 ; in 1843 was
elected Solicitor-General for the Western Circuit,
resigning in 1847; was a member of the "Georgia
Constitutional Convention " of 1850 ; declined two
judicial appointments tendered to him by Presidents
Pierre and Buchanan ; was a member of the Georgia
Legislature in 1857, and chosen Speaker ; and in 1859
was elected a Representative from Georgia, to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Expenses in the Navy Department. Resigned in
February, 1861, on the breaking out of the Rebellion,
and returned to Georgia.
Underwoodf Joseph H, — Bom in Goochland
County, Virginia, October 24, 1791. He was adopted
by his maternal uncle in 1803, who resided in Barren
County, Kentucky. He received his education at
various schools in that State, and ended his scholas-
tic course at the University of Lexington, in 1811 ;
and then read law with Robert Wyckliife. In 1813
he entered the service of the United States, as Lieu-
tenant of a Volunteer Company, and was badly
wounded, and taken by the enemy at Dudley's defeat,
commanding his company after the Captain was
mortally wounded. He was released from captivity,
and landed from the prison-ships on Lake Erie, near
Cleveland, where he was lodged near a hospitable
cabin until sufficiently recovered to return home. In
the fall of 1813 he located at Glasgow, Kentucky, and
practiced law for ten years, during which time he was
Trustee of the town, and County Attorney ; and was
a member of the Legislature from 1816 to 1819. In
1823 he removed, with his family, to Bowling Green,
and was elected a member of the General Assembly
in 1825 and 1826. From 1828 to 1835 he was Judge
of the Court of Appeals, and resigned on being elect-
ed a Representative in Congress, in which position he
served from 1835 to 1843. In 1846 he was again
elected to the Legislature of Kentucky, and was
Speaker of the House. In 1847 he was elected a
member of the United States Senate, for six years,
and at the expiration of the term returned to the
practice of law. In 1824 and 1844 he was a Presi-
dential Elector, He was also a Delegate to the
"Chicago Convention" of 1864.
Underwood, Warner L, — Bom in Goochland
County, Virginia, August 7, 1808 ; graduated at the
University of Virginia, where he received the first
honors in the studies of law, mathematics, and the
modem languages, in 1830. He removed to Bowling
Green County, Kentucky, at the age of seventeen ; a
lawyer by profession, with an extensive practice. In
1833 he visited Texas, and spent most of the time
until 1840, in that republic. He was appointed, by
President Lamar, Attorney-General for the Eastern
District of that republic, but held the office only a
short time, and also declined the offer of a place in
General Houston's cabinet, being unwilling to relin-
quish his citizenship of the United States. In 1848
he was a Representative in the Kentucky Legislature,
and in 1849 a member of the State Senate ; and was
elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth and
Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the
Committee on Engraving.
TJpham, Charles W, — Bom in St. John, New
Brunswick, May 4, 1802. He commenced life by
becoming a merchant's clerk ; graduated at Harvard
College in 1821 ; in 1824 he was settled over the First
Church in Salem, Massachusetts ; and in 1844 he
relinquished the Ministry on account of loss of voice.
He has also, at different times, edited the Christian
Register (Unitarian) ; was Mayor of Salem in 1852 ; in
1840, 1849, and 1850, was in the State Legislature ; in
1851, 1857, and 1858, President of the Senate ; and he
was a member of the Thirty-third Congress, serving
upon the Committee on Post-Roads and the Post-
Office, and was Chairman of a Special Committee on
the Smithsonian Institution. As an author he has
been industrious, and among his publications are the
following: "Letters on the Logos ;" "Lectures on
Witchcraft;" "The Life of Sir Henry Vane;" a
school "Life of Washington;" many Orations and
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
437
Discourses ; and "Life of John C. Fremont." Died
in Salem, June 15, 1875.
JJpJiairif George JB, — He graduated at Harvard
University in 1789 ; served a number of years in the
New Hampshire Legislature, having been Speaker in
1809 and 1815 ; and a Representative in Congress
from New Hampshire from 1801 to 1803. He died
February 10, 1848, at Claremont, New Hampshire,
aged seventy-nine years.
Upharttf Jahez* — He was born in Massachu-
setts ; graduated at Harvard University, in 1785 ; and
was a Representative in Congress from that State,
from 1807 to 1810, when he resigned. He died in
1811.
Uphantf Kafhaniel, — Born in Deerfield, Rock-
ingham County, New Hampshire, June 9, 1774. He
was educated at the schools of his native town, and
at Phillip's Exeter Academy. At an early age he en-
gaged in mercantile pursuits. He was a member of
the Legislature of New Hampshire, and of the Gov-
ernor's Council from 1811 to 1812 ; and a Representa-
tive in Congress form that State from 1817 to 1823.
Died in 1829.
Upham, Nathaniel LooMn, — Born in Roch-
ester, New Hampshire, in 1801 ; graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1820 ; began to practice law at Bris-
tol, New Hampshire, but removed to Concord in 1829 ;
was a Judge of the New Hampshire Supreme Court
from 1833 to 1843 ; was connected with the Concord
Railway from 1843 to 1863 ; was appointed by Presi-
dent Pierce, his personal friend, a Commissioner to
London, to adjust claims between the citizens of the
two countries. He left the Democratic party in 1861,
and gave his support to the Government. In 1865 and
1866 was a member of the New Hampshire Legisla-
ture. Died in Concord, New Hampshire, December
11, 1869.
Uphantf JFilliam, — He was bom at Leicester,
Massachusetts, in 1792 ; in 1802 removed with his fa-
ther to Vermont ; spent some time in the University
of Vermont ; and was a lawyer by profession. He
was a member of the Vermont Assembly in 1827,
1828, and 1830 ; and was State's Attorney for Wash-
ing County, in 1829. He was a Senator in Congress,
from 1843 to the time of his death, which occurred in
Washington City, January 14, 1853.
TTpshurf Abel Parker, — He was born in North-
ampton County, Virginia, June 17, 1790 ; graduated at
Nassau Hall in 1807 ; studied law, and settled in Rich-
mond, where he practiced his profession from 1810 to
1824 ; in 1826 he was chosen Judge of the General
Court of the State ; was a member of the " State Con-
stitutional Convention," 1829; was again chosen Judge,
serving many years ; in 1841 he went into the Cabinet
of President Tyler, as Secretary of the Navy ; in 1843
he was transferred to the head of the State Depart-
ment ; and on the 28th of February, 1844, he was
killed by the erplosion of a gun on board the war-
steamer Princeton. He was an occasional writer for
the press.
TTpsOfif Charles, — Born in Southington, Hart-
ford County, Connecticut, March 19, 1821 ; received
a good English education ; removed to Michigan in
1845 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1847 ; in
1849 and 1850 was County Clerk for St. Joseph Coun-
ty ; in 1853 and 1854 was Prosecuting Attorney for
the same ; in 1855 and 1856 held the office of State
Senator ; in 1861 and 1862 he was Attorney-General
for Michigan, and was elected a Representative from
Michigan to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on
the Committee on Elections and Unfinished Business.
Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on
the Committees on Elections, and Revolutionary Pen-
sions. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia
" Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and was re-elected
to the Fortieth Congress, and made Chairman of the
Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Depart-
ment.
Upson., Willia^n H, — Born in Worthington,
Franklin County, Ohio, January 11, 1823 ; graduated
at the Western Reserve College in 1842 ; adopted the
profession of law ; was elected to the State Senate in
1854 and 1855 ; and elected a Representative from
Ohio to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on the Revision of Laws, Manufactures, and
Reconstruction, Re-elected to the Forty-second Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures, and
as Chairman of that on Private Land Claims.
Usher f John JP, — He was born in New York, but
early in life removed to Indiana, where he studied
law and practiced the profession. He was elected to
the State Legislature, and, for a short time, was At-
torney-General of the State. By President Lincoln he
was appointed in 1862 the first Assistant-Secretary of
the Interior Department, and on the resignation of C.
B. Smith as Secretary, he was appointed to succeed
him in the Cabinet, which position he resigned in the
spring of 1865. He subsequently resumed the prac-
tice of his profession, and became Consulting Attor-
ney for the Eastern Division of the Union Pacific
Railroad Company.
Vailf Aaron, — He was a citizen of New York,
and in 1840 was appointed Charge d' Affaires to Spain,
returning to America in 1842.
Vailf George, — He was born in New Jersey in
1803 ; received a good education ; was associated with
his brother Alfred and Professor S. F. Morse in com-
pleting the first telegraphic instruments brought into
use ; was prominent as a politician ; was a Represent-
ative in Congress from New Jersey from 1853 to 1857 ;
appointed Consul to Glasgow by President Buchanan ;
was also a Judge of the Court of Errors ; and died in
Morristown, May 23, 1875.
Vailf Henrij, — He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1837 to 1839. Died June 25, 1833.
Valkf William W, — He was born in South Caro-
lina, and, on removing to New York, was a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State from 1855 to 1857.
Vnllandighamf Clement L, — He came of a
Huguenot family, and was born in New Lisbon, Co-
lumbia County, Ohio, in 1822. He received a good
education ; spent one year in Jefferson College, in
Ohio ; spent two years as principal of an academy at
Snow Hill, Maryland ; returned to Ohio in 1840 ; stud-
ied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842 ; was
elected to the State Legislature in 1845 and 1846 ; was
editor of the Dayton Empire from 1847 to 1849 ; for
some years subsequent to that date he devoted him-
self wholly to his profession and politics ; was a mem-
ber of the " National Democratic Convention " held at
Cincinnati in 1856 ; ran for the Thirty-fifth Congress
against L. D. Campbell, whose seat he successfully
contested ; and he was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress. At the commencement of the second ses-
sion of the Thirty- fifth Congress, and during the
Thirty-sixth, he was placed on the Committee on
Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress. In 1863 he was arrested by military authority
for expressing his opinions against the war, was ban-
ished to the Southern States, and, by way of Bermuda,
went to Canada. During his exile he was nominated
438
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
for Governor of Ohio, and defeated. He subsequently-
returned, and was a Delegate to the "Chicago Con-
vention " of 1864. Was a Delegate to the New York
Convention of 1868. Died in Lebanon, June 17, 1871,
from the accidental discharge of a pistol while deliv-
ering an argument in court.
Van Aemanif Henri/, — WasborninMarcellus,
Onondaga County, New York, March 11, 1819 ; received
an academic education and graduated at a medical col-
lege, adopting the profession of surgeon and phy-
sician ; held various town offices, and was a member
of the State Legislature in 1858 ; in 1862 was appointed
Surgeon of the One Hundred and Fifty-fourth New
York Volunteers, which he resigned in 1864 ; and was
elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-
ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid
Pensions. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Mileage, and Education in
the District of Columbia.
Van Alleiif Jajnes Q. — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from New York from 1807 to 1809,
having been a member of the State Assembly in 1804,
from Columbia County.
Van Allen, John E, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from New York from 1798 to 1799,
and was a member of the State Assembly in 1800 and
1801, from Rensselaer County.
Van Allen, John T, — He was a citizen of New
York, and in 1849 he was appointed Minister-Resi-
dent to Ecuador, but only remained there about one
year.
Van Auken, Dennis ikf.— He was born in
Pennsylvania, January 15, 1836 ; g^radaated at Union
College, NewYork, in 1852; studied law and came to the
bar in 1854 ; elected a Prosecuting Attorney in 1855 ;
after which he was frequently appointed to the same
office ; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative
from Pennsylvania to the Fortieth and Forty-first
Congresses, serving on the Committeeson Revolution-
ary Claims, the Militia, and Patents.
Van Suren, John, — He was one of the ablest
lawyers of the Ulster County bar, in New York,
and a Representative in Congress from 1841 to 1843.
He died at Kingston, January 16, 1855.
Van Suren, Martin, — Was born at Kinder-
hook, New York, December 5, 1782. His father's
circumstances were humble, and the son was only
able to obtain an ordinary education at the common
school and academy of his native village. In 1796
he left the academy, and commenced the study of
law. In 1800 he represented the Republicans of his
native town in the "Congressional Convention " for
that District. A part of the years 1802 and 1803 he
spent in New York, still engaged in the study of his
profession, and in November of the latter year he
was admitted to the bar. He still continued to take
an active part in politics. The first official distinc-
tion which he received was conferred upon him by
Governor Tompkins, who appointed him Surrogate
of Columbia County in 1808. He took his next step
in public life in 1812. In the spring of that year he
was elected to the State Senate. He continued a
member of that body until 1820, having been, during
that period, a supporter of the war and the canal
project. A portion of this time he also held the of-
fice of Attorney-General. He was a member of the
" Constitutional Convention " of the State of New
York in 1821, and in February of the same year he
was elected to the United States Senate, and re-elect-
ed in 1827, serving until 1829. The following year
the gubernatorial chair of the State of New York be-
came vacant by the death of Governor Clinton, and
Mr. Van Buren wa.s selected as a candidate for that
office by the Democratic party of the State. He was
elected, but his career as Governor was brief.
Scarcely was his administration commenced, when
President Jackson offered him the appointment of
Secretary of State, and Mr. Van Buren at once ac-
cepted it. The President appointed him Ambassa-
dor to England, but the Senate refused to confirm
the nomination. He received a large majority of the
electoral votes for Vice-President in 1881, which of-
fice he continued to fill during President Jackson's
term. In 1836 he was nominated for the office of
President, and elected. The principal measure of
his administration was the establishment of the Inde-
pendent Treasury, In 1840 he was again nominated
for the same office, but defeated by the Whig candi-
date. General Harrison. After the close of his Presi-
dential term, in 1841, he lived in retirement at Kin-
derhook, his place of birth, on an estate to which he
gave the name of Lindenwald. In 1848 he was the
Presidential candidate of the section of the Demo-
cratic party styling themselves " Barn-burners," or,
on that occasion, " Free-soilers," but was unsuccess-
ful. Died near Kinderhook, J uly 24, 1862.
Vance, JoJm L, — Born in Gallipolis, Gallia
County, Ohio. July 19, 1839 ; received an academic
education, and worked in a printing office; graduated
at the law school of Cincinnati in 1861 ; entered the
volunteer army as a Captain and rose to the rank of
Colonel ; was a member of the National Democratic
Convention of 1872, and in 1874 he was elected a Rep-
resentative from Ohio to the Forty-fourth Congress.
In December, 1875, lie was appointed Chairman of
the Committee on Printing.
Vance, Joseph, — He was born in Washington
County, Pennsylvania, March 21, 1786, and was one
of the earliest residents of the State of Ohio ; served
frequently in the Legislature of that State ; was a
Representative in Congress from 1821 to 1835 ; Gov-
ernor of the State in 1836 ; and again in Congress
from 1843 to 1847, serving as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Claims. In every public position he ac-
quitted himself with ability, and died near the town
of Urbanna, Ohio, August 24, 1851. He was at one
time engaged in mercantile pursuits ; a General of
Militia; an entLusiastic farmer and successful raiser
of cattle ; Delegate to the Constitutional Convention
of Ohio in 1820 ; and also to the Whig National Con-
vention of 1848.
Vance, JRohert Uranh, — He was born in Bun-
come County, North Carolina, April 24, 1828 ; edu-
cated in the schools of the country ; by occupation a
farmer ; was Clerk of the Court of Pleas from 1848
to 1856; Captain of a Company in the Confederate
service in 1861 ; elected Colonel of the Twenty-ninth
North Carolina Regiment, and appointed Brigadier-
General in 1863. He was elected to the Forty-third
Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary
Pensions; and re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress.
In December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of
the Committee on Patents.
Vance, Robert S, — He was born in North Caro-
lina, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1823 to 1825.
Vance, Zebulon B, — He was born in Buncombe
County, North Carolina, May 13, 1830 ; received a
limited education, and spent one year at the State
University, through the friendship of its distin-
guished President; he studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1853 ; in 1854 he was elected to the Leg-
islature from Buncombe County ; and, on the resig-
nation of Hon. T. L, Clingman, in 1858, he was elect-
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
439
ed to succeed liim in the Federal House of Represent-
atives. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving; on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims ;
and was Governor of North Carolina from 1861 to
1863.
Van Cortlandtf Philip, — He served through
the Revolutionary War as a Colonel in the Now York
line, fighting at Saratoga and Bemis Heights ; was a
member of the State Convention which ratified the
United States Constitution ; and was a member of the
New York Assembly from Westchester County in
1788, 1789, and 1790 ; of the State Senate from 1791
to 1794 ; and a Representative in Congress from New
York from 1793 to 1809. Died November 5, 1831, in
Westchester County, aged eighty-two years. The
latter part of his life was devoted to agriculture.
Van Cortlandty Pierce^ Jr, — He was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from New York from 1811 to
1813, having been a member of the State Assembly in
1777.
Vanderburfff John C — He was an early emi-
grant to Indiana, and in 1800 he was appointed an
Associate-Justice for the Territory of Indiana.
Vanderhorst, Arnoldus, — He was the second
Governor of South Carolina under the Constitution,
serving as such from 1792 to 1794.
VanderlyHf *John, — Born in Kingston, Ulster
County, New York, October, 1776 ; showed an early
love for painting, and went to New York City at the
age of sixteen, and received instruction from Gil-
bert Stuart ; went to Paris in 1796, through the aid of
Aaron Burr, studied there five years, and resided in
Europe from 1803 to 1815 ; he received the gold medal
at the Louvre in 1808, for his picture of " Marius
amid the Ruins of Carthage," and was highly compli-
mented by Napoleon. While in Italy, he made many
copies of the Old Masters. After his return to Amer-
ica he painted portraits of Madison, Monroe, Clinton,
Calhoun, and other distinguished men. He intro-
duced panoramic illustrations into the United States,
but was unsuccessful. In 1832 he was commissioned
by Congress to paint a full-length portrait of Wash-
ington for the House of Representatives, and in 1839
" The Landing of Columbus," for the Rotunda of the
Capitol. His last was a full-length portrait of Presi-
dent Taylor. A picture which he painted, called " Ari-
adne," was engraved by A. B. Durand in superior
style. He died in Kingston, September 23, 1852.
Vanderpoolf Aaron, — He was born at Kind-
erhook. New York, February 5, 1799 ; received a clas-
sical education ; he studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1820 ; he served in 1825, 1829, and 1830, in
the State Legislature ; and he was a Representative in
Congress from 1833 to 1837, and again from 1839 to
1841. On his retirement from Congress he settled in
New York City, and was appointed one of the Judges
of the Superior Court, which oflBce he held until
1850. Died in New York, July 18, 1870.
VanderveeVf Abraham, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1837 to 1839. Died July 20, 1839.
VandeveVf William, — Born in Maryland, and,
removing to Iowa, was elected a Representative from
that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a
member of the Committee on Public Lands. Re-
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Served also
as a Colonel in the Union army in 1861.
Van Dyhe^ John, — He was born in New Jersey ;
adopted the legal profession ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State from 1847 to 1851.
He is now a Judge of the Supreme Court of the
State.
Van Dyhe, Nicholas, — He was a Delegate from
Delaware to the Continental Congress from 1777 to
1782, and was a signer of the Articles of Confedera-
tion.
Van DylcCf Nicholas. — He graduated at
Princeton College in 1788 ; was a Representative in
Congress from Delaware from 1807 to 1811 ; a Senator
in Congress from 1817 to 1826 ; and died in May,
1826.
Van Gaashechf Peter, — He was a Represent-
ative in Congress from New York from 1793 to
1795.
Van Hornf Ptirt, — Born in Newfane, Niagara
County, New York, October 28, 1823 ; was educated
at the Madison University ; was elected to the State
Legislature in 1858, and the two following years ;
was a Representative from New York in the Thirty-
seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on
Private Land Claims, Roads and Canals, and as Chair-
man of the Select Committee on the Niagara Ship
Canal ; and in 1864 he was re-elected to the Thirty-
ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revo-
lutionary Claims and Roads and Canals. Re-elected
to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on the Niagara Ship Canal, and on those
on the District of Columbia and Public Buildings and
Grounds.
Van Horn, Mobert T, — Was born in Indiana
County, Pennsylvania, May 19, 1824 ; received a good
English education ; adopted the business of a printer ;
was twice Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri, and Post-
master of the same ; rendered military service
against the Rebellion from 1861 to 1864, as Major and
Lieutenant-Colonel of Volunteers ; was a member of
the Missouri Senate for three years ; and was elected
a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-Ninth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs.
Re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses,
serving on old Committees, and that on Expenses on
Public Buildings ; and was a Delegate to the " Border
States Convention," held in Baltimore in 1867, and to
the Chicago Convention of 1868. In August, 1875, he
was appointed a Collector of Internal Revenue in
Missouri.
Van HornCf Archibald, — He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Maryland, from 1807 to
1811.
Van Home, Espy. — He was born in Lycoming
County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1825 to 1829. Died
at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, June 25, 1829.
Van Home,, Isaac, — He was a Captain in the
Revolutionary War, and a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1801 to 1805, and was
then appointed Receiver of Public Moneys in Zanes-
ville, Ohio.
Van Houton, Isaac JB, — He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New York from 1833 to
1835.
Van Metre, John J, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Ohio from 1843 to 1845, and a
member of the Committee on Expenses in the Navy
Department.
Van Ness, Cornelius Peter,— Bom in Ver-
440
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
mont, January 26, 1783 ; studied law, and practiced
in Burlington, Vermont ; was United States Attorney
from 1809 to 1812 ; Representative in the Legislature,
1818 to 1821 ; a Commissioner to settle the National
Boundaries under the Treaty of Ghent, from 1817 to
1821 ; Collector of the Port of Burlington from 1815
to 1818 ; Chief Justice of the State from 1821 to
1823 ; Governor from 1823 to 1826 ; Minister to Spain
from 1829 to 1839 ; Collector of the Port of New York
in 1844 and 1845. Received the degree of LL.D.
from the University of Vermont in 1823. Died in
Philadelphia, December 15, 1852.
Van JVesSf tTohn P, — He was born in Ghent,
Columbia County, New York, in 1770. He was edu-
cated at Columbia College, and studied law, but gave
up the practice on account of ill health. He was a
Representative in Congress from 1801 to 1803 ; and,
having taken up his residence in Washington City,
became the first President of the Bank of the Metrop-
olis in 1814 ; he was also elected Mayor of Washing-
ton, and, both as a public and private citizen, did much
to promote the prosperity of the Seat of Government.
While a member of Congress he received from Presi-
dent Jefferson a commission of Major of Militia for
the District of Columbia, which, with the fact that he
married a Washington lady, was the cause of his
change of residence. He died in Washington, March
7, 1846.
Van JVesSf William jP. — He was born in New
York ; received a liberal education and studied law ;
and in 1812 was appointed by President Madison
United States Judge for the Southern District of New
York.
Van Ness, Williain W, — Born at Claverack,
New York, in 1776 ; admitted to the bar in 1797 ;
practiced in his native town and in Hudson ; member
of the Assembly from 1804 to 1806 ; Judge of New
York Supreme Court from 1807 to 1822 ; a member
of the State Constitutional Convention in 1823, Died
at Charleston, South Carolina, February 27, 1823.
Van Rensselaer f Henry. — He was born in
Albany, New York, in 1811 ; entered West Point as a
Cadet in 1827 ; was commissioned a Lieutenant in
1831, but resigned the following year ; and was a
Representative in Congress from New York from
1841 to 1843. During the Rebellion he served in the
army as a Colonel and Inspector-General, and a part
of the time on General Scott's staff ; and died in Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, March 23, 1864. Son of Stephen.
Van Rensselaer, Jereiniah. — He was born
in 1741 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1758 ;
was a patriot of the Revolution ; Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor of New York from 1801 to 1804 ; a Presidential
Elector in 1801 ; a member of Congress from that
State from 1789 tq 1791. He died in Albany, Febru-
ary 22, 1820. His brother Stephen was also in Con-
gress, and known as the "Patroon."
Van Rensselaer y Killian K, — He was born
in 1763 ; was a member of Congress from New York
from 1801 to 1811, after which he retired to private
life ; and died in Albany, June 18, 1845.
Van Rensselaer f Solomon, — He was born in
Rensselaer County, New York, in 1774 ; he served as
an officer under General Wayne in 1794, and was
wounded through the lungs, and received four
wounds at the battle of Queenstown Heights. In 1799
he was promoted to the rank of Major. He was Ad-
jutant-General of New York from 1801 to 1810, and
in 1813. He was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1819 to 1822, when he was appointed
Postmaster at Albany.
23, 1852.
He died near Albany, April
Van Rensselaer f StepJien, — He was born in the
City of New York, in November, 1764, and graduated
at the University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in
1782 ; was elected a member of the New York Senate
in 1795 ; was six years Lieutenant-Governor of New
York ; a member of Congress from 1822 to 1829. It
was by his casting vote in the New York Delegation
that J. Q. Adams was elected President in February
1825 ; was appointed, in 1810, one of the Canal Com-
missioners, and, for the last fourteen years of his life,
was President of the Board ; and during the last war
with England he commanded, with reputation, as
Major-General on the Niagara frontier. He was dis-
tinguished for his wealth and munificent charities,
and enjoyed the inherited title of Patroon. He died
at Albany, January 26, 1839.
Vansantf Joshua, — He was born in Maryland,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1853 to 1855 ; was also for many years President
of the Maryland Institute.
Van Trnmpf Philadelph, — He was born in
Lancaster, Ohio, November 15, 1810 ; received a good
English education ; learned the art of printing, and
edited a newspaper for several years in his native
town. He studied law, and came to the bar in 1838,
and became the law partner of H. F. Stanbery, with
whom he had studied his profession ; was a member
of the " Baltimore Convention" of 1852, nominating
General Scott for the Presidency ; was three times
nominated by conventions as a candidate for the
Supreme Bench of the State ; in 1862 he was elected
a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, which he re-
signed in 1866, and in that year was elected a Repre-
sentative from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving
on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad, and Man-
ufactures. Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-
second Congresses, serving on the Committee on Post-
Offices and Post-Roads. Died at Cincinnati, July 31,
1874.
Van ValUenburghf Robert B, — Born in
Steuben County, New York, September 4, 1821 ;
adopted the profession of law ; served three terms in
the State Legislature of New York ; when the Rebel-
lion broke out he was placed by the Governor of New
York in charge of Affairs at Elmira, and there organ-
ized seventeen regiments for the war ; and was
elected a Representative from New York to the Thir-
ty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on the Militia. In 1862, while in Con-
gress, he took command as Colonel, of the One Hun-
dred and Seventh Regiment, New York Volunteers,
and was present at the battle of Antietam. He was
re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as
Chairman of the Committees on the Militia and Ex-
penditures in the State Department. In 1865 he was
appointed by President Johnson Acting Commission-
er of Indian Affairs during the absence of the Com-
missioner. In December, 1865, he was appointed by
President Johnson Minister Resident to Japan.
Van VoorheSf Nelson H, — Born in Washing-
ton County, Pennsylvania, January 23, 1822 ; re-
moved to Athens County, Ohio, in 1832 ; worked on
a farm for several years, spending the winters at the
common schools of the vicinity ; in 1836 he entered
the printing office of the Western Spectator as an ap-
prentice to his father who was editor, and he was re-
quired to conduct the paper during his father's ab-
sence in the Legislature, thus becoming educated as
an editor and publisher ; in 1850 was elected a mem-
ber of the State Legislature ; in 1855 was elected Pro-
bate Judge, but resigned to become again a member
I
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
441
of the Legislature, and was made Speaker, and by
re-elections was a member ten years. In 1861 he en-
tered the army in the Volunteer service ; in 1862 was
commissioned Colonel of the Ninety-second Regiment
of United States Troops, and rendered such active ser-
vice in the Army of the Cumberland as to cause ill-
health, and he resigned his position ; in 1871 was
again Speaker of the Assembly, and his time of ser-
vice in that capacity had been four years, receiving
unanimous complimentary thanks and a gold watch
for his impartial manner in discharging that duty.
In 1874 was elected a Representative from Ohio to
the Forty-fourth Congress.
Van WinMe, JPeter G, — Was born in the City
of New York^ September 7, 1808 ; removed to Park-
ersburg, now West Virginia, in 1835 ; was a member
of the Virginia " Constitutional Convention " of 1850;
also of the " Wheeling Convention " of 1861 ; and
also of the Convention which formed the Constitution
of West Virginia in 1862 ; was a member of the Legis-
lature of that State from its organization to June,
1863 ; and in November of that year was elected a
Senator in Congress from West Virginia, for the term
ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Fi-
nance, Pensions, and Post-Offices and Post-Roads.
He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyal-
ists' Convention " of 1866 ; and was subsequently
made Chairman of the Committee on Pensions. Died
April 15, 1872.
Van Wyckf Charles H, — He was elected a
Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on
Mileage : also elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress,
and appointed Chairman of the Committee on Gov-
ernment Contracts. While in Congress he served in
the Volunteer service as the Colonel of a regiment,
and in 1865 he was appointed a Brigadier-General by
brevet. He was a Delegate to the Pittsburg " Sol-
diers' Convention " of 1865. Re-elected to the Fortieth
Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Retrenchment. He was a Delegate to the State
" Republican Convention " of 1867.
Van Wyckf William W, — He was born in
Dutchess County, New York, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State from 1821 to 1825.
Varnu^n, James Mitchell, — He was born in
Dracut, Massachusetts, in 1749 ; graduated at Rhode
Island College in 1769 ; studied law, and settled in
East Greenwich. In 1774 he accepted the command
of a company called the " Kentish Guards." In 1777
was promoted by Congress to the rank of Brigadier-
General. In 1779 he resigned his commission in the
army, and the Legislature appointed him Major-Gen-
erafof Militia. From 1780 to 1782 he was a Delegate
to the Continental Congress, after which service he
returned to the practice of his profession. In 1786 he
was again a Delegate to Congress and served one
year. He was then appointed Judge of the North-
west Territory. He died in 1790.
Varminif J'oJm, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Massachusetts from 1825 to 1831. He
was a native of Essex County, Massachusetts ; edu-
cated at Harvard University ; practiced law for some
years at Haverhill, Massachusetts ; was frequently a
member of the State Legislature. He removed to
Niles, in the State of Michigan, where he died, July
23, 1846, aged sixty-three years.
Varnuntf Joseph JBradley, — Born in 1759,
in Dracut, Massachusetts ; he was a General in the
Revolutionary war ; and a Representative in Con-
gress from 1795 to 1811, being four years Speaker,
during the Tenth and Eleventh Congresses. He was
chosen Senator in 1811, served till 1817, and was
President pro tern, of the Senate. Of the three con-
ventions of Massachusetts he was a useful member.
He died suddenly, September 11, 1821, being then
Major-General of a division of the Militia.
Vaughan, William W, — He was elected to
the Forty-second Congress, as a Representative from
Tennessee, and served on the Committee on Terri-
tories.
VauXf Hoberts, — Born in Philadelphia, January
21, 1786 ; educated at the Friends' Academy, being a
member of that Society ; and early devoted himself
to philanthropic labors ; he was President of the
Board of Comptrollers of the public schools of Phil-
adelphia ; and to him the "Separate System" for
Penitentiaries of Pennsylvania owes its success ; he
was the originator and advocate of many of the pub-
lic institutions of the city ; and a short time before
his death was appointed Judge of the County Court
of Philadelphia, He was a successful author, and
wrote the Memoirs of Lay, Bennet, and Sandiford,
which are good specimens of his style. Died Janu-
ary 7, 1836.
Veazey, Thomas W, — He was Governor of
Maryland from 1836 to 1838 ; a member of the
House of Delegates and of the Executive Council.
Died in Cecil County, Maryland, June 30, 1848, aged
sixty-eight years.
VenahlCf Abraham S, — ^He was a graduate of
Princeton College in 1780 ; a Representative in Con-
gress from Virginia from 1791 to 1799 ; and a Senator
of the United States from 1803 to 1804. He perished
in the conflagration of the theater at Richmond, Vir-
ginia, December 26, 1811.
VenahlCf Abrahajn W, — Born in Prince Ed-
ward County, Virginia, October 17, 1799 ; graduated
at Hampden Sidney College in 1816 ; studied medi-
cine for two years, and then went to Princeton Col-
lege, where he graduated in 1819 ; he then studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in North Carolina,
in 1821. He was a Presidential Elector in 1832, and
also in 1836 ; and a Representative in Congress from
North Carolina from 1847 to 1853. His father and
six uncles were in the Revolutionary war, serving
their country faithfully. He took part in the Rebel-
lion of 1861 as a member of the so-called Confederate
Congress, having previously been elected a Presiden-
tial Elector.
VenablCf William E, — He Avas a citizen of
Tennessee ; arrived in Guatemala, in March, 1857,
as Minister Resident, and died August 22, of the
same year.
VerplancJCf Daniel C, — ^He was bom in New
York, in 1761, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1802 to 1809. He subsequently
served for many years as Judge of the County Court
of Dutchess County, New York, resigning in 1828,
and died near Fishkill, March 29, 1834. Was the
father of G. C. Verplanck.
VerplancJCf Gulian C, — Bom in the City of
New York in August, 1786 ; graduated at Columbia
College in 1801 ; pursued the study of the law ; and,
after his admission to the bar, he passed several
years abroad, in Great Britain and on the continent.
On his return home he became interested in politics,
and in 1814 was a candidate of the "malcontents"
in New York for the Assembly. In 1819 he wrote
the " State Triumvirate, a Political Tale," being a
satire on the political parties of the day, and other
works of a similar description. In 1820 he was a
442
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
prominent member of the New York Legislature, in
which he was Chairman of the Committee on Educa-
tion. He soon after became Professor of the Evi-
dences of Christianity, in the Theological Seminary
of the Protestant Episcopal Church in New York, and
in 1834 published his "Essays on the Nature and
Uses of the various Evidences of Revealed Religion,"
— a work written with simplicity and elegance. The
following year appeared his "Essay on the Doctrine
of Contracts ; being an Inquiry how Contracts are
affected, in Law and Morals, by Concealment, Error,
or Inadequate Price." Beside these works, he con-
tributed much to various magazines, and, in conjunc-
tion with Mr. Bryant and Mr. Sands, he published the
"Talisman," a sort of annual, three volumes of
which appeared. From 1825 he was for eight years a
member of Congress from the City of New York,
and he was afterwards, for several years, a member
of the New York Senate. He also published, in
1833, a collection of his discourses and addresses on
various subjects, and in 1844 and 1846 a handsome
edition of Shakespeare. He was a Regent of the
University of New York from January 1826, and
held many other local offices. Died in New York
City, March 18, 1870.
Verree, John, JP, — Born in Philadelphia, Penn-
sylvania, in 1819 ; is an iron manufacturer by occupa-
tion,— the business of his whole life heretofore ; was
for six years a member of the Philadelphia Select
Council, and four years the presiding officer of that
body ; and was elected a Representative, from Penn-
sylvania, to the Thirty-si Kth Congress, serving as a
member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions.
Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress.
Vibhardy Channel/, — Was born at Galway,
Saratoga County, New York, November 11,1811 ; re-
ceived a common-school education ; was employed
for several years as a clerk in a store, and afterwards
in a railroad office, in Albany ; in 1848 he became the
Superintendent of the Utica and Schenectady Rail-
way Company ; and was afterwards called to the
same position in the New York Central Railway Com-
pany, in which capacity he continued until elected a
Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on
the Post-Office and Post Roads.
VickerSf George, — Born in Chestertown, Kent
County, Maryland, November 19, 1801 ; received an
academical education ; became a Clerk in the office of
a County Clerk ; studied law and came to the bar in
1832 ; in 1836 he was an Elector of the State Senate
of Maryland ; subsequently declined the appointment
of Judge tendered by Governors Hicks and Bradford ;
was a Delegate to the " Baltimore Whig Convention "
of 1852 ; in 1864 he was a Presidential Elector ; was
a member of the State Senate in 1866 and 1867 ; and
in 1868 he was elected a Senator in Congress from
Maryland, for the term ending in 1873, in the place
of P. F. Thomas, rejected by the Senate. At the
commencement of the Rebellion he received from the
Governor the appointment of Major-General of the
Maryland Militia.
Videlf IMLiehel, — Born in Languedoc, France ;
received a collegiate education ; emigrated to the
Republic of Texas ; spent two years in Louisiana en-
gaged in literary pursuits ; was subsequently a writer
for the newspaper press in Quebec, Canada, in New
York City, and New Orleans ; in 1867, he started in
Opelousas a paper called the 8t. Landry Progress ;
was afterwards appointed a Registrar for the City of
New Orleans; was a Delegate to the State Constitu
tional Convention of 1868 ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative from Louisiana to the Fortieth Congress,
serving on the Committee on the State Department.
He was subsequently appointed Consul at Tripoli,
and when certain troubles occurred in 1875 vacated
his post.
Villere, Jaqiiez, — He was Major of volunteers
under General Jackson in the battle of New Orleans
in 1814 and 1815 ; and was Governor of Louisiana
from 1816 to 1820.
Vining, tfohn» — He was a Representative in
Congress, from Delaware, from 1789 to 1792, having
voted for locating the Seat of Government on the
Potomac, and a Senator in Congress from 1795 to
1798, when he resigned. He had previously been
elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress from
1784 to 1786.
Vintotif Samuel F, — Born at South Hadley,
Massachusetts, September 25, 1792. He graduated
at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1814 ; studied
law in Middleton, Connecticut, and was admitted
to the bar in 1816, when he removed to Ohio,
and practiced his profession with eminent success.
He was first elected a Representative in Congress in
1823, and served fourteen years, when he declined a
re-election ; he was re-elected in 1843, and served
eight years in succession, when he again declined a
re-election, and retired to private life, where his
tastes and wishes inclined him to remain. In 1841
he was also a Presidential Elector. While in Con-
gress, Mr. Vinton served as Chairman of several of
the most important committees. In 1882 he was ap-
pointed a Commissioner under the act emancipating
the slaves in the District of Columbia, and died in
Washington in May, 1862.
VoorheeSf Daniel TF.— Was born in Fountain
County, Indiana, September 26, 1828 ; graduated at
the Indiana Asbury University in 1849 ; read law, and
commenced the practice in 1851 ; in 1858 he was ap-
pointed United States District Attorney for Indiana
by President Buchanan, which office he held three
years ; in 1859 he was engaged in the defense of John
E. Cook, at Harper's Ferry, for participation in the
John Brown raid. In 1860 he was elected a Repre-
sentative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Elections, and
was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving
on the same committee. Occasi >nally, by way of re-
lieving the monotony of professional life, he is in the
habit of addressing literary societies on subjects of
general interest. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Appropriations,
but his seat was successfully contested by H. D.
Washburn. Elected to the New York Convention of
1868. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, serving
on the Committees on Revision of Laws and Pacific
Railroad.
VosSf Henry, — He was born in Charlestown,
Massachusetts, in 1817 ; graduated at Harvard Col-
lege in 1837; studied law, and settled in Springfield,
whence he was sent to the Legislature in 1857 and
1858 ; and in 1859 he was appointed Judge of the
Superior Court, which position he held until his
death, which occurred at Boston, January 17, 1869.
Vose, Hoger, — He grfwduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1790 ; was for many years Chief Justice of
the Court of Common Pleas in New Hampshire ; and
was a Representative in Congress, from that State,
from 1813 to 1817 ; and died April 17, 1842.
Vroomf JPeter D, — He was born in New Jersey
in 1791 ; graduated at Columbia College, New York ;
and was a Representative in Congress from New
Jersey from 1839 to 1841. He was also Governor of
New Jersey from 1829 to 1832, and for a second term
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
443
from 1833 to 1836 ; and a member of the " State Con-
stitutional Convention " of 1844. In 1852 he was a
Presidential Elector, and in 1853 he was appointed
Minister to Prussia.
"Peace Congress" of 1861.
vember 18, 1873.
He was also a Delegate to the
Died in Trenton, No-
Wciddellf Alfred Moore, — He was born in
Hillsborough, North Carolina, September 16, 1834 ;
graduated at the University of North Carolina in
1853 ; studied law, and adopted the profession ; was
clerk of the Court of Equity from 1858 until 1861 ; a
Delegate to the National Convention at Baltimore in
1860 ; edited the Wilmington Daily Herald from 1860
to 1861 ; served in the Confederate Army as Lieuten-
ant-Colonel of Cavalry ; elected to the Forty-second,
Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on
the Committee on Manufactures.
Wade, Benjamin F, — He was born in Feed-
ing Hills Parish, Massachusetts, October 27, 1800 ;
received a limited education, and commenced active
life by teaching school and attending to agricultural
pursuits in Ohio, to which State he removed when
twenty-one years of age ; he studied law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1828, and held the various po-
sitions of Justice of the Peace, Prosecuting Attorney
for Ashtabula County, State Senator, and President
of a Judicial Circuit. In 1851 he was elected a Sen-
ator in Congress from Ohio, for the term ending in
1857 ; and he was re-elected for a second and third
term, ending in 1869, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Territories and of the Special Commit-
tee on the Conduct of the War, and as a member of
the Committees on Foreign Relations and on the Dis-
trict of Columbia. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and
on the meeting of the Fortieth Congress he was
chosen President of the Senate pro tern. His father
was a soldier, who fought in every battle of the Rev-
olution from Bunker Hill to Yorktown. In 1869 he
was appointed a Commissioner for the Pacific Rail-
road Company.
Wadef Decius S» — He was born in Ohio, from
which State he was appointed Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court of the United States for the Territory
of Montana, residing at Helena.
Wade, Edward, — He was born in West Spring-
field, Massachusetts, November 22, 1803, and re-
ceived a common-school education ; he removed with
his father to Andover, Ashtabula County, Ohio, in
1821, where he removed until 1824, and engaged in
clearing the land. He studied law in Albany and
Troy, New York, and was admitted to the bar in Jef-
ferson, Ohio, in 1827, and was elected Justice of the
Peace in that county ; in 1832 he removed to Union-
ville, and remained until 1837, and finally settled in
Cleveland. He was elected a Representative from
Ohio in the Thirty-third Congress, to which position
he was re-elected three terms, serving in the Thirty-
sixth Congress on the Committee on Commerce. Died
in Cleveland, in August, 1866.
Wadleigh, Bainhridge, — He was born in
Bradford, New Hampshire, January 4, 1831 ; receiv-
ed a liberal education, studied law, and admitted to
the bar in 1850, was a member of the State House of
Representatives for eight years, between 1855 and
1872 ; and was elected to the United States Senate
for the term commencing in 1873, and ending in
1879, serving on the Committees on Patents, Military
Affairs, and Elections.
Wadsivorthf flames, — He was a Delegate from
Connecticut to the Continental Congress from 1783
to 1786.
Wadsworthf Jeremiah, — He was a Delegate
from Connecticut to the Continental Congress from
1786 to 1788, and a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1789 to 1795. Died in 1804, aged
sixty years.
Wadsivorth, JPeleg, — Was born in Duxbury,
Massachusetts, May 6, 1748 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1769, and afterwards engaged in com-
mercial pursuits. He joined the army as Captain of a
Company of Minute Men, at Roxbury, in the begin-
ning of the war, and by his skill and courage rose
rapidly in the service. He was second in command
of the forces sent to Penobscot by Massachusetts in
1799, on which occasion he displayed great courage,
and was taken prisoner. He rose to the rank of Brig-
adier-General. After the war, in 1784, he established
himself in Portland, Maine, in mercantile business ;
and was employed much in surveying, in which he
was quite skillful. In 1792 he was elected a Senator
in the Legislature of Massachusetts, and in the same
year was chosen the first Representative in Congress
from his District. He was successively re-elected
until 1806, when he declined a further nomination.
In 1798 the citizens of Portland gave him a public
dinner in approbation of his conduct as their Repre-
sentative. In 1807 he removed to the County of Ox-
ford, Maine, to improve a large tract of land granted
to him by the Government for his services. Here he
passed the remainder of his days in retirement, en-
joying the respect of a large circle of his friends and
fellow-citizens. He died in 1829.
Wadsworthf William H, — Was bom in Mays-
ville. Mason County, Kentucky, July 4, 1821, but
came of the old family of Wadsworths who founded
the city of Hartford, Connecticut. He received his
education from the Maysville Seminary and the Au-
gusta College of Kentucky ; adopted the profession
of law ; sat in the Senate of Kentucky in 1853 and
1855 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1860, presiding
over the Electoral College ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs.
Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on
the Committee on Public Lands and the Joint Com-
mittee on the Library. After leaving Congress he was
appointed Commissioner of the Mexican Claims Com-
mission.
Wagenerf David D, — He was born in Penn-
sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress from
tiiat State from 1833 to 1841. He was a merchant,
and for many years President of the Easton Bank.
Died at Easton, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1860.
Waggamann, George A, — He was Secretary
of the State of Louisiana under three administrations ;
held various other public positions ; and was a Sena-
tor in Congress from 1831 to 1835. He died at New
Orleans, March 23, 1843, from the effects of a wound
received in a duel, aged fifty-three years.
Wagner f JPeter J, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1839 to 1841.
Waite, Charles B, — He was born in New York,
and removed to Illinois, from which State he was ap-
pointed an Associate Judge of the United States
Court for the Territory of Utah, residing at Salt Lake
City.
■ Watte, Henry Matson,— Bom in Lyme, Con-
necticut, February 9, 1787; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1809 ; admitted to the bar in 1812 ; and prac-
ticed in Lyme ; was a member of the State Legis-
444
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
lature in 1815 ; of tlie Senate in 1822 and 1823 ; Judge
of the Superior Court, and Supreme Court of Errors
from 1834 to 1854 ; and Chief Justice from 1854 to
1857. Died at Lyme, December 14, 1869. He was the
father of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of
the United States.
WaitSf JKorrison H, — He was born in Lyme,
Connecticut, November 29, 1816 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1837 ; studied law in his native place with
his father, then a Judge of the Supreme Court of
Errors ; removed to Ohio in 1838 ; was admitted to
the bar in 1839 ; practiced his profession from that
date until 1874 in Maumee City and Toledo. In 1849
he was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1871 he
was one of the Counsel of the United States before the
Tribunal of Arbitration at Geneva, under the Treaty
of Washington ; in 1873 he was elected unanimously
a member of the Convention to Amend the Constitu-
tion of Ohio, and was made President ; and in Janu-
ary, 1874, he was nominated and confirmed as Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States,
taking the oath of office on the 4th day of the follow-
ing March. In 1875, when some of his friends in Ohio
proposed that he should consent to be a candidate for
the Presidency, he wrote a letter declining the honor,
and his opinions on the subject were universally ap-
plauded throughout the country.
Wakely, Ebenezer, — He was born in New
York ; settled in Wisconsin, and was appointed an
Associate Justice of the United States Court for the
Territory of Nebraska.
WaUemafif Abraham, — Born in Fairfield,
Connecticut, May 31, 1824. He received a district-
school education ; when sixteen years of age he re-
moved to New Rochelle, New York, and taught
school ; he subsequently attended an academy in Her-
kimer County as pupil; working a part of the time on
a farm to pay his expenses ; he then went into the
wilderness and took charge of a saw-mill ; after that
he went into the business of selling books by sub-
scription, traveling through much of the Union ; in
1844 he commenced the study of law in Herkimer
County, New York ; went to New York City in 1846 ;
and was admitted to the bar in 1847 ; in 1850 he was
elected to the Legislature ; re-elected in 1851 ; in 1854
was elected an Alderman in New York, serving two
years ; and in 1856 was elected a Representative to
the Thirty-fifth Congress. He also frequently served
as a member of State Conventions.
Walbridgef David S, — Born in Bennington,
Vermont, July 30, 1802 ; received his education from
the common schools of the vicinity ; had devoted him-
self to the various employments of the farmer, the
merchant, and the miller ; he removed to Michigan in
1842 and was elected a Representative in Congress
from that State in 1854, and served until 1859. Died
at Kalamazoo, June 15, 1868.
Walbridge, Henry S, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from New York from 1851 to 1853.
Walbridge^ Hiram, — Born at Ithaca, Tompkins
County, New York, February 2, 1821 ; commenced
life by learning the trade of a mechanic ; subse-
quently received a good education at the Ohio Uni-
versity ; when twenty-three years of age was elected
Brigadier-General of the Ohio Militia ; and removing
to New York City, was elected a Representative in
Congress from New York, serving from 1853 to 1855.
In 1865 he was President of the *' Commercial Con-
vention " held in Detroit ; and was also Delegate to
the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.
Died in New York City, December 6, 1870.
Walcott, C, -P. — He was Assistant Secretary of
War during a part of the Rebellion.
Walden, Hiram, — He was born in Rutland
County, Vermont, August 29, 1800 ; received a limited
education, and, having removed with his father to
York, devoted himself to the business of cloth-dress-
ing and wool-carding ; he took an interest in military
affairs, and attained the office of Major-General of
Militia ; in 1836 he was elected to the State Legisla-
ture ; in 1842 he was elected a Supervisor in the
County of Schoharie ; and was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1849 to 1851.
Walderif Madison 31, — He was born in Adams
County, Ohio, October 6, 1836 ; educated at the Den-
mark Academy ; graduated at the Wesleyan Univer-
sity, Ohio, in 1859 ; studied law ; served in the Army
from 1861 to 1865 , as Captain of Infantry and Cav-
alry ; had charge of a newspaper at Centreville,
Iowa ; was a member of the House of Representatives
in 1866 and 1867 ; a member of the State Senate in
1868 and 1869 ; Lieutenant-Governor of Iowa in 1870 ;
and was elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving
on the Committee on Patents.
TValdOf H, L , — He was appointed in January,
1876, Chief Justice of the United States Court for the
Territory of New Mexico.
WaldOf Lorin jP. — Was born in Canterbury,
Windham County, Connecticut, February 2, 1802 ;
received a thorough English education in the com-
mon schools, and pursued the study of the classics to
some extent under private instructors ; read law, and
was admitted to practice in the courts of the State of
Connecticut, in September, 1825 ; located in Tolland
County, Connecticut, where he was State's Attorney
from 1837 to 1849 ; was two years Judge of the Court
of Probate in his district, and six years a member of
the Legislature of his State. In April, 1849, he was
elected to the Thirty-first Congress, and served the
term. . In 1852 he was elected Commissioner of the
School Fund of Connecticut ; was, in March, 1853, ap-
pointed by President Pierce Commissioner of Pen-
sions ; and in June, 1855, was elected by the Legisla-
ture of Connecticut to the office of Judge of the Su-
preme Court. He was also a Delegate to the Phila-
delphia ' ' National Union Convention " of 1866.
JValdroUf Henry, — He was born in Albany,
New York, October 11, 1819 ; graduated at Rutgers
College, New Brunswick, New Jersey, in July, 1836 ;
became a civil engineer by profession ; was elected to
the Legislature of Michigan in 1843 ; and served as a
Representative in Congress during the years 1855,
1856, 1857, and 1858, and was a member of the Com-
mittee on Mileage. He was re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Terri-
tories ; and also to the Forty-second, Forty-third, and
Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committees
on Banking and Ways and Means, and Chairman of
that on Mining.
Wales, Creorge E, — He was born in Wyndham
County, Vermont ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Vermont from 1825 to 1829. He also served
six years in the State Legislature, and was Speaker in
1823 and 1824 ; and was Judge of Probate for Hart-
ford County from 1843 to 1848.
TfaleSf tTohn, — He was a Senator in Congress
from Delaware from 1849 to 1851, in place of John M.
Clayton, resigned. Died December 3, 1863.
Walker, JLmasa, — He was born in Woodstock,
Connecticut, May 4, 1799 ; received a common-school
education ; adopted the mercantile business ; in 1843
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
445
became Professor of Political Economy at the Oberlin
College, Ohio ; in 1843 he visited Europe, as a Dele-
gate to the Peace Congress ; on the same mission in
1849 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1849 ;
a State Senator in 1850 ; Secretary of State in 1851
and 1852 ; a member of the " State Constitutional
Convention " of 1853, and was elected a Representa-
tive from Massachusetts to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress for the unexpired term of O, P. Bailey, deceased.
He was a Presidential Elector in 1860 ; and a Delegate
to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ;
and was the author of a work on the "Science of
Wealth." Died in North Brookfield, Massachusetts,
October 29, 1875. He was the father of F. A. Walker,
formerly at the head of the Census Bureau in Wash-
ington.
WalJceVf JBenjamifi, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from New York from 1801 to 1803.
Walker, Charles M, — He was born in Ohio ;
and in 1863 was appointed from Indiana Fifth Audi-
tor of the Treasury, serving until 1869.
Walker, C, C» S, — Born in Drewsville, Cheshire
County, New Hampshire, June 27, 1824 ; educated at
the Kimball and Keene Union Academies ; removed
to Corning, New York, and was made Supervisor of
the town ; was Postmaster of Corning from 1856 to
1860 ; was a Delegate to the " Charleston Convention "
of that year ; was an Assistant Quartermaster-General
at Elmira in 1861 ; was Delegate to the *' Baltimore
Convention" of 1872 ; was for twenty-two years a
member of the New York State Democratic Central
Committee, and in 1874 he was elected a Representa-
tive from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Walker, David, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Kentucky from 1817 to 1820. Died
March 1, 1820, having sent a request to Congress that
his death should not be oflficially noticed, which re-
quest was complied with.
Walker, David S, — ^He was Governor of Florida
from 1866 to 1868.
Walker, Felioc, — ^He was bom in Hampshire
County, Virginia, July 19, 1753, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from North Carolina from 1817
to 1823 ; was the friend and companion of Daniel
Boone, when he explored Kentucky and founded
Boonsborough ; he served as a soldier in the Indian
wars in the Carolinas ; settled in Tryon County,
North Carolina ; and was for many years in the State
Legislature ; and, subsequently removing to the State
of Mississippi, he died there in 1830.
Walker, Francis. — He was a Representative
in Congress from Virginia from 1793 to 1795.
Walker, Francis Amasa, — Born in Boston,
Massachusetts, July 2, 1840 ; removed vdth his father
to North Brookfield in 1843 ; graduated at Amherst
College in 1860 ; began the study of law, but was
made Sergeant-Major of Fifteenth Massachusetts
Regiment in 1861, and was the same year promoted
to Assistant Adjutant-General of Couch's Brigade,
and in 1862 Adjutant-General of Couch's Division ;
in 1863 was Colonel on the Staff of the Second Army
Corps ; was Brevet Brigadier-General in 1865 ; and
served in the Army of the Potomac ; was wounded at
Chancellorsville ; made prisoner at Ream's Station ;
confined in Libby Prison, and exchanged in 1865. He
taught for two years in Williston Seminary ; was for
one year editor of the Springfield Bepublican : then
took charge of the Bureau of Statistics at Washing-
ton ; was Superintendent of the Census of 1870 ; and
in 1871 was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs,
and subsequently appointed Professor at Yale Col-
lege.
Walker, Freeman, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from Georgia from 1819 to 1821, and resigned.
Walker, George, — He was a Senator in Congress
from Kentucky from 1814 to 1815, by appointment of
the Governor, and was succeeded by W. T. Barry,
appointed by the Legislature.
Walker, Gilbert C, — Born in Binghamton, New
York, August 1, 1832 ; entered Williams College,
Massachusetts, but graduated in 1854 at Hamilton
College, New York ; came to the bar and settled at
Owego ; in 1858 he was a member of the " Democratic
Convention ; " in 1859 he removed to Chicago, Illinois,
practicing law and participating in politics ; in 1864
he went to Norfolk, Virginia, and very soon became
President of a Bank, the Exchange National, and
held other positions of honor and trust. He subse-
quently settled in Riphmond ; in 1869 he was elected
Governor of Virginia by an unprecedented majority,
serving four years ; and he was elected a Representa-
tive from Virginia to the Forty-fourth Congress. In
December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the
Committee on Education and Labor.
Walker, Henderson, — He was Governor of
North Carolina from 1699 to his death ; was a lawyer.
Judge of the Supreme Court, and President of the
Council, and introduced important reforms in the Ju-
diciary. Died April 14, 1704, aged forty-four years.
Walker, Isaac P, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from Wisconsin from 1848 to 1855, and Chair-
man of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. In
1841 he was a Presidential Elector.
Walker, J'ames, — He was a citizen of New York ;
went to Mexico with the American Army in 1840,
in the capacity of an artist ; and in 1861 received
from the Government an order for a picture called
the Storming of Ghapultepec, which now hangs in one
of the corridors of the Capitol in Washington. He
subsequently painted a picture connected with the
War for the Union, which greatly added to his repu-
tation.
Walker, John, — He was a Senator in Congress
from Virginia during the year 1790, by appointment,
but was superseded by J. Monroe. He was one of
those who voted for locating the Seat of Government
on the Potomac.
Walker, John H, — ^He was a native of Penn-
sylvania, and appointed a Judge of the United States
Court for the District of Pennsylvania.
Walker, John W» — ^He graduated at Princeton
College in 1806 ; was a Senator in Congress from
Alabama from 1819 to 1822 ; and died in April 1823.
He resigned his seat in Congress on account of ill-
health. It is said that he sometimes addressed the
Senate when it was thought he would die before fin-
ishing.
Walker, Joseph, — He was elected Governor of
Louisiana in 1850 and held the office until 1854.
Walker, Fercy, — ^Bom near Huntsville, Alaba-
ma ; received an academic education, and in 1835 grad-
uated in the medical department of the University of
Pennsylvania, and removed to Mobile. He served as
an officer in a Volunteer company during the Creek
war. He afterwards studied law as a profession, and
was admitted to the bar in 1842 ; he was elected by
the Legislature to the office of State's Attorney for
446
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
the Sixth Judicial Circuit, which he held four years.
In 1839, 1847, and 1853, he Represented Mobile
County in the General Assembly ; and in 1855 was
elected a Representative from Alabama to the Thirty-
fourth Congress. At the next election he declined
being a candidate, and resumed the practice of law.
Walker f Robert J', — Was born at Northumber-
land, in the State of Pennsylvania, July 19, 1801.
He entered the University of Pennsylvania, in Phila-
delphia, where he graduated, in 1819. On leaving
College he settled in Pittsburg, studied law and was
admitted to practice in 1821. He interested himself
in politics at a very early period, and became Chair-
man of a Democratic Committee, during a State elec-
tion, when only twenty-two years of age. A year or
two later he took part in the movement in favor of
nominating General Jackson to the Presidency, and
was instrumental in bringing about the action of the
" Harrisburg Convention,'' which nominated Jackson
for that office in 1824. In the Spring of 1826 he
removed to the State of Mississippi. He uniformly re-
fused political office until 1836, when he was chosen
a Senator in Congress, serving until 1845. In that
body he was one of the leaders of his party. In
March, 1845, on President Polk's accession to office,
he was called upon to take charge of the Treasury
Department, which he administered for four years.
He subsequently visited England, where he met with
flattering attentions. After having been for some
years out of the pale of politics, he was appointed by
President Buchanan, in 1857, Governor of the Territory
of Kansas, which office he resigned. In 1863 he
again went to Europe and negotiated bonds of the
Government to the amount of two hundred and fifty
million dollars. His financial writings were numer-
ous and highly appreciated. He was a Delegate
to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention"
of 1866. Died in Washington, November 11, 1869.
Walker, Timothy, — Born in Rumford, June
26, 1737 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1756 ;
studied divinity, commanded a regiment of Minutemen
at the siege of Boston ; was one of the Committee of
Safety in 1776 ; was afterwards Paymaster ; member
of State Constitutional Convention ; State Represent-
ative and Senator ; Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas of New Hampshire, from 1777 to 1804 ; and
Chief Justice from 1804 to 1809.
Walker f William A. — He was born in New
Hampshire ; and was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1853 to 1855. Died in New
York, December 18, 1861.
Wallf Garret D. — Born in Monmouth County,
New Jersey, March 10, 1783 ; received an academical
education, and in 1798 commenced the study of law
at Trenton ; in 1804 was licensed as an Attorney, and
in 1807 as Counselor-at-law. Was appointed Clerk
of the Supreme Court in 1812, which office he held
for five years. He commanded a Volunteer company
at the defense of Sandy Hook in the war of 1812 ;
and was Quartermaster-General of the State from
1815 to 1837. In 1827 he was elected to the General
Assembly. In 1829 was appointed United States Dis-
trict Attorney for New Jersey, and the same year
elected Governor of the State, by the Legislature, but
declined the appointment. He was a member of the
United States Senate from 1835 to 1841. In 1843 his
health was greatly impaired by a stroke of paralysis ;
but in 1848 he was appointed Judge of the Court of
Errors and Appeals, which office he occupied until his
death, which occurred in Burlington, New Jersey,
November 22, 1850. His disease was dropsy on the
chest.
Wall, James W, — Was born in Trenton, New
Jersey, in 1820 ; his father. Garret D. Wall, having
been a Senator before him ; graduated at Princeton
College in 1839 ; studied law, and commenced to
practice in Trenton ; his first public position was that
of Commissioner of Bankruptcy ; in 1847 he settled
in Burlington, and devoted some attention to literary
pursuits ; in 1850 he was elected Mayor of Burling-
ton ; and in 1854 he visited Europe, and published a
volume, entitled " Foreign Etchings ; or. Visits to
the Old World's Pleasant Places." During the early
part of the Rebellion he wrote against the administra-
tion in power, for interfering with the freedom of the
press, was imprisoned for a few weeks, in Fort
Lafayette, and on his release was welcomed home
with great enthusiasm by his fellow-citizens ; and in
January, 1863, he was elected a Senator in Congress
from New Jersey, for the unexpired term of John W.
Thompson, deceased, but which seat was for a short
time occupied by R. S. Field. Died June 9, 1872.
Wally William, — Was born in Philadelphia,
March 20, 1801 ; served seven years as an apprentice
to a ropemaker ; removed to Kings County, Long
Island, in 1822, where he followed his business of
ropemaking so successfully that when he gave it up
in 1856 he had acquired a large fortune. While thus
engaged in active business, he was called upon to fill
a great number of local offices, such as Commissioner
of Highways, School Trustee, Supervisor, Commis-
sioner of Water-works, etc. ; and in 1860 he was
elected a Representative from New York to the Thir-
ty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on
Revolutionary Claims and Expenditures on Public
Buildings. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel-
phia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866.
Wallace, Alexander S. — He was born in York
County, South Carolina, December 30, 1810 ; received
a liberal education ; was a planter ; appointed a mag-
istrate in 1838, and reappointed until 1853 ; elected a
member of the Legislature in 1852 as a Union candi-
date, in opposition to all secession movements ; was
again elected in 1865 ; appointed Internal Revenue
Collector in 1866 ; which position he held until
elected to the Forty-first, and re-elected to the
Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Con-
gresses, serving on the Committees on Invalid Pen-
sions, Accounts, and Revolutionary Pensions.
Wallace, Daniel, — He was bom in South
Carolina, and was a Representatative in Congress
from that State from 1847 to 1853.
Wallace, David, — He was born in Philadel-
phia, April 4, 1799 ; graduated at West Point in 1821,
and served for a time as Professor of Mathematics.
In 1828 he was a member of the Indiana Legislature ;
elected Lieutenant-Governor of the State in 1830 and
in 1833 ; Governor of the State from 1837 to 1840 ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Indiana
from 1841 to 1843 ; and subsequently to his service
in Congress was Prosecuting Attorney for the State ;
a member of the " State Constitutional Convention ;"
and in 1856 was elected Judge of the Court of Com-
mon Pleas at Indianapolis, where he died, September
5, 1859.
Wallace, flames M, — He was born in Dauphin
County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1815 to 1821. It is said
he always protested against the initial M. in his
name, but never got rid of it in the Journals of Con-
gress.
Wollace, fTohn William, — Born in Philadel-
phia, February 17, 1815 ; graduated at the University
of Pennsylvania in 1833 ; was Master of Chancery of
Pennsylvania Si^reme Court. Was Reporter in the
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
447
United States Supreme Court from March 1864. Au-
thor of "The Reporters;" "Cases in the Third
Circuit, United States Circuit Court," from 1842 to
1853 ; " Reporters United States Supreme Court,"
1864. Edited "British Crown Cases Reserved,"
Smith's "Leading Cases," and "American Leading
Cases ; " President of the Historical Society of Penn-
sylvania.
Wallace, John W, — Born at Beaver Falls,
Pennsylvania. December 20, 1818 ; received a classical
education ; studied medicine, and graduated at Jef-
ferson Medical College in 1846. Located in Darling-
ton, Pennsylvania, but removed to Newcastle, Penn-
sylvania, in 1850, and acquired an extensive practice ;
was several times a delegate to State and National
Conventions ; in 1860 was elected to the Thirty-sev-
enth Congress ; renominated in 1862, but defeated ;
in 1863 appointed Paymaster in the Army and served
till the close of the war. In 1870 was Presidential
Elector ; and in 1874 was elected a Representative
from Pennsylvania to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Wallace, William A. — Born in Clearfield,
Pennsylvania, November 28, 1827 ; studied law and
went to the bar in 1847 ; in 1862 he was elected to
the State Senate, and served by re-elections until
1871, when he was made Speaker of that body ; fre-
quently served as chairman of political conventions,
and was elected a Senator in Congress for the term
commencing in 1875 and ending in 1881.
Wallace, William II, — Born in Miami County,
Ohio, July 17, 1811; spent his early life in Indiana ;
removed to Iowa in 1837 ; was elected to the State
Legislature of Iowa, and served as Speaker, and also
as President of the State Council ; was appointed by
President Taylor Receiver of Public Moneys at Fair-
field, Iowa ; removed to Washington Territory in
1853 ; served several sessions in the Territorial Leg-
islature ; was appointed in 1861 by President Lincoln
Governor of Washington Territory ; was elected a
Delegate therefrom to the Thirty-seventh Congress ;
was appointed the first Governor of Idaho Territory ;
and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, as a
Delegate from Idaho. He was a member of the Na-
tional Committee to accompany the remains of Presi-
dent Lincoln to Illinois. He was also a Delegate to
the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of
1866.
Wallace, William J, — He was born in Syra-
cuse, New York, April 14, 1837 ; was chiefly educat-
ed by a private tutor ; graduated at the Law School
of Hamilton College, and came to the bar in 1857 ;
and continued in active practice until appointed
United States Judge of the District Court for North-
ern New York in 1874. His home is in Syracuse, of
■which city he was elected Mayor in 1873.
Walley, Satnuel H, — Born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, August 31, 1805 ; fitted for college at An-
dover Academy ; graduated at Harvard University in
1826 ; studied law ; officiated for twenty years as
Treasurer of a savings bank in Boston for the benefit
of seamen ; was also Treasurer, for a long time, of a
railroad in Vermont, and one in • New York ; he was
also a member of the State Legislature for eight ses-
sions, and Speaker of the House for two years ; and
a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 1855. On
his return from Washington he was the Whig candi-
date for Governor of Massachusetts, but was defeat-
ed ; was a Bank Commissioner in 1858 ; and in 1859
became President of the Revere Bank, of Boston.
Walling f Ansel T, — Born in Otsego County,
New York, January 10, 1824 ; removed with his elder
brother to Erie, Pennsylvania, in 1838 ; received an
academical education, and learned the printing trade ;
removed to Ohio in 1843 and was editor of the Ma-
honing Index and Coshocton Democrat, and for a time
of the Keokuk Daily Times in Iowa ; in 1851 he was
appointed a Clerk in the Ohio Legislature ; admitted
to the bar in 1852 ; was a Delegate to the National
Democratic Convention of 1856 from Iowa ; in 1863
resumed the practice of his profession at Circleville,
Ohio ; in 1865 elected to the State Senate ; in 1867 to
the State Assembly and made Speaker ; and in 1874
he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
Walls, tTosiah T, — He was born in Winchester,
Virginia, December 30, 1842 ; received a good educa-
tion ; was elected a member of the State Constitu-
tional Convention in 1868 ; a member of the State
Legislature in 1868 ; of the State Senate in 1869,
and elected to the Forty-second Congress, but his
seat was sucessfuly contested by Silas L. Niblack.
Wain, Mobert, — He was a prominent merchant
in Philadelphia, and a member of Congress from
Pennsylvania, from 1798 to 1801, first for the unex-
pired term of John Swanwick, and was re-elected.
Died January 24, 1836, aged seventy-one years.
Walsh, Mike, — Born in YanghuU, Ireland,
but brought to this country when a child ; spent his
boyhood as a wanderer ; conducted a paper in New
York called the Subterranean, in which he published
certain libels, for which he was imprisoned two years ;
and he was a Representative in Congress from New
York, from 1853 to 1855. He subsequently visited
Europe, and also Mexico, and on March 17, 1859, was
found dead in the yard of a public house in New
York. The cause of his death is unknown.
Walsh, M, Robert, — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and the son of Robert Walsh the author ; in
1841 he was appointed Secretary of Legation to Bre-
zil, where he remained until 1847 ; between 1848 and
1850, he acted in the same capacity, and also as
Charge d' Affaires to Costa Rica ; and in 1852 he was
instructed as a Special Envoy to obtain a settlement
of disputes between Costa Rica and Nicaragua in re-
gard to the boundaries which were obstacles to the
commencement of the Canal across the latter coun-
try, after which he returned to the United States.
Walsh, Thomas Y, — He was a native of Mary-
land, and a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1551 to 1853.
Walsh, William, — Born in Ireland, May 11,
1828 ; emigrated to this country in 1842 ; educated
chiefly at St. Mary's College, in Maryland ; studied
law in New York and Virginia, and came to the bar
in the latter State in 1850 ; settled for the practice of
his profession at Cumberland, Maryland, in 1852 ; was
a Presidental Elector in 1860, and also in 1872 ; mem-
ber of the Maryland Constitutional Convention of
1867, and in 1874 he was elected a Representative to
the Forty-fourth Congress.
Walter, Thomas XT. — He was born in Philadel-
phia, September 4, 1804 ; received a liberal education
and became a student of Architecture in 1819 ; subse-
quently devoted seven years to the study of mathe-
matics, and became a practicing architect in 1830 ; in
1831 he designed and executed the building of the
Philadelphia County Prison, and in 1833 Girard Col-
lege was commenced by him and finished at the end
of fourteen years ; designed many other important
buildings in various parts of the country ; and in
1851 he was appointed to the charge of the Capitol
Extension, the corner-stone of which was laid soon
afterwards with an oration by Daniel Webster. He
448
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
remained in office for fourteen years, and aside from
his extensive labors on the New Capitol, he designed
the New Treasury Building and the Government
Hospital for the Insane. In 1849 he was made Master
of Arts by Madison University ; Doctor of Philosophy
by the University of Pennsylvania in 1853 ; and Doc-
tor of Laws by Harvard University. He was also
professor of architecture in the Franklin Institute,
and a member of the American Philosophical Society.
He is now a resident of his native city.
WaltoUf Charles W, — Was born in Mexico,
Oxford County, Maine, December 9, 1819 ; was bred
a printer ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1843 ; in 1847 was elected Attorney for Oxford
County, which he held for four years ; removing to
Androscoggin County in 1855, was elected Attorney
for that county in 1857, which office he held until
1860, when he was elected a Representative from
Maine to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the
Committee on Private Land Claims. In May, 1862, he
resigned his seat in Congress, and was appointed by
the Governor a Judge of the Supreme Court of Maine.
Waltoflf JE, I*, — Born in Montpelier, Vermont,
February 17, 1812 ; studied law, but was a practical
printer and editor, having for several years edited
the Vermont Watchman ; he served in the State Leg-
islature, as a Representative, one term ; and was then
elected a Representati ve to the Thirty-fifth Congress,
and was a member of the Committee on Public Ex-
penditures. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-
sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses, serving as a
member of the Committee on Claims, and Chairman
of that on Printing. He was also a Delegate to the
"Baltimore Convention" of 1864, and to the Phila-
delphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. After
leaving Congress he resumed the editorship of his
journal in Montpelier, Vermont.
Walton^ George. — He was a native of Virgi-
nia ; born in 1740 ; he served an apprenticeship to
the carpenter's trade, after the expiration of which
he removed to Georgia, studied law, and was admit-
ted to the bar in 1774. He was one of the four in-
dividuals who called a public meeting at Savannah
to concert measures for the defense of the country
in 1774 ; was one of the committee who prepared a
petition to the king, and drew up the patriotic reso-
lutions adopted on that occasion. He was acting in
promoting the Revolution at home, and in 1776 was
a Delegate to Congress from Georgia, and a Signer
of the Declaration of Independence, and of the arti-
cles of Confederation. When the enemy attacked
Savannah he was dangerously wounded, and taken
prisoner, but was released in 1779, and the same year
was chosen Governor of the State ; in 1780 was again
sent to Congress ; and in 1783 was appointed Chief
Justice of the State ; in 1787 was a Delegate to the
Convention for framing the Constitution of the
United States, but declined taking his seat ; in 1789
he was a Presidential Elector ; in 1793 was again
Judge of the Supreme Court ; and in 1795 was
elected to succeed James Jackson as a Senator in
Congress, but was superseded by J. Tatnall. He
died February 2, 1804.
Walton, Matthew, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Kentucky from 1803 to 1807, and
a Presidential Elector in 1809. Died January 18,
1819.
Walworth, Meuben JEEyde, — He was born at
Bozrah, Connecticut, in October, 1789. He spent his
earlier years on a farm, and had few advantages of
education. He commenced the study of law at the
age of seventeen, and when twenty was admitted to
practice, and when twenty-two was licensed as an
Attorney of the Supreme Court of New Tork. He
settled at Plattsburg in 1811, and held successively
the offices of Master in Chancery, officer of militia
during the siege of Plattsburg in 1814, and Adjutant
General of the combined forces, having as such par-
ticipated in the battles of Beekmanstown and Pike's
Cantonment. He was a member of the House during
the Seventeenth Congress, declined a re-election,
and was appointed a Circuit Judge in 1823 ; and in
1828 he was made Chancellor of the State of New
York, which he held for twenty years, when the
office was abolished. His opinions as Chancellor
were published in fourteen volumes, while his other
opinions occupy as many more. From Yale College
he received the degree of LL.D. Died in Saratoga,
November 28, 1867.
Ward, Aaron, — He was born at Sing Sing,
New York, July 5, 1790 ; was educated at Mount
Pleasant Academy, and adopted the profession of law.
He served, in 1814, in the regular army as a Captain;
was, for a time after the war, District Attorney for
the County of Westchester, and subsequently at-
tained the position of Major-General of the New York
Militia. His terms of service as a Representative in
Congress were from 1825 to 1829, from 1831 to 1837,
and from 1841 to 1843. In 1846 he was a Delegate
to the "State Constitutional Convention ;" in 1853
he visited Europe, where be spent two years ; and on
his return he published a book of travels. While in
Congress, and after his retirement, he did all in
his power to secure a good education for the children
of soldiers. Died in Georgetown, District of Colum-
bia, March 2, 1867.
Ward, Artemas, — Born in Massachusetts, and
graduated at Harvard College in 1748. He was a
Representative in the Massachusetts Legislature ;
and a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the
County of Worcester. June 17, 1775, he was appoint-
ed Major-General of the American Army, and was
intrusted with the command of the right wing of 'the
troops stationed at Roxbury for the siege of Boston.
He was a Delegate to the Provincial Congress, and
a Representative in the United States Congress from
Massachusetts from 1791 to 1795. He was much es-
teemed by Washington, and although he resigned his
commission in April, 1776, yet, at the request of the
Commander-in-Chief he continued some time longer
in the service. He was a man of exemplary piety
and incorruptible integrity. After a long and pa-
tient endurance of many sufferings, he died at Shrew-
bury, Massachusetts, October 28, 1800, aged seventy-
three years.
Ward, Artemas, — He was a native of Massa-
chusetts, and born January 9, 1762 ; graduated at Har-
vard University in 1783 ; he studied law and was ad-
mitted to practice, and soon became eminent in his
profession. He was elected a Represenative in Con-
gress from Massachusetts from 1813 to 1817 ; in 1821
he was appointed Chief- Justice of the Court of Com-
mon Pleas, which office he held for nineteen years.
He died in Boston, October 7, 1847, He was honored
with the degree of LL.D. from Harvard University.
Son of the above.
Ward, A, JBT. — He was elected a Representative
from Kentucky to the Thirty-ninth Congress for the
unexpired term of G. C. Smith, resigned, serving on
the Committees on Mileage and the Militia.
Ward, Elijah, — He was born in Sing Sing, New
York, September 16, 1816 ; received an academic ed-
ucation, and was bred a merchant, chiefly in the City
of New York, where he was President of the Mercan-
tile Library Association in 1839 ; he studied law at
the University of New York, and was admitted to the
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
449
bar in 1843. He was elected a Representative from
New York to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving- on
the Committee on the District of Columbia. In 1860
he was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and
in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Roads and Canals, and on Commerce.
He was for several years Judge Advocate-General of
New York with the rank of Brigadier-Greneral ; and
has always taken a special interest in the affairs of
the great city from which he was re-elected to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
Wardf Hamilton, — He was born in Salisbury,
Herkimer County, New York, July 3, 1829 ; received
a liberal education ; studied law and came to the bar
at Cooperstown in 1851, settling in the practice of
his profession, at Belmont, Alleghany County ; in
1856 he was elected District Attorney for said county,
holding the office three years, and was re-elected in
1862; during that year, under an appointment of the
Governor, he was active in raising and organizing the
State troops ; and in 1864 he was elected a Represen-
tative from New York to the Thirty ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Claims and on Ac-
counts. Re-elected to the Fortieth and Forty-first
Congresses, serving on the Committee on the Assas-
sination of President Lincoln, and Chairman of the
Committee on Revolutionary Claims ; and he was
also a Delegate to the " State Republican Conven-
tion " of 1867.
Wardf Henry, — He was appointed Secretary of
Rhode Island in 1760 ; was a Supporter of the Revo-
lution, and a member of the Congress which met in
New York in 1765 ; and a member of the Committee
of Correspondence during the Revolution. He held
the office of Secretary from his appointment until his
death ; which position was held by the father and
two of his sons for seventy years. He died in De-
cember, 1797.
Wctvdf tTaspev D, — He was elected a Represent-
ative to the Forty-third Congress from Illinois, and
five days after its adjournment was appointed United
States Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois,
March 9, 1875. His Committees were those on the
National Monument and Arkansas Affairs.
TVardf tfohn E, — He was a citizen of Georgia,
and in 1858 he was appointed Minister Plenipoten-
tiary to China, where he remained until 1860.
Wardf Jonathan, — He was a native of New
York, and a Representative in Congress from 1815 to
1817, having been a State Senator from Westchester
County from 1807 to 1810.
Ward, Marcus L, — He was born in Newark,
New Jersey, November 9, 1812 ; received a good edu-
cation ; engaged in manufacturing pursuits ; was a
Delegate to the Republican Convention at Chicago
in 1860, and to the Baltimore Convention in 1864; an
Elector on the Lincoln and Johnson ticket ; elected
Governor of New Jersey, in 1865, for the term of
three years ; was a member of the ISfational Republi-
can Committee, and its Chairman ; and elected to the
Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on
Foreign Affairs. In December, 1875, he was ap-
pointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs, but declined
the office.
Ward, Matthias, — He was born in Elbert
County, Georgia, but grew up to manhood in Madi-
son County, Alabama. He received an academic edu-
cation ; was a schoolteacher for two years ; studied
law and became a citizen of the Republic of Texas in
1836. He served a number of years in the Congress
of that Republic, and when it became a State was
29
elected to the Legislature as a Senator. He was a
member of the two conventions which nominated Mr.
Pierce and Mr. Buchanan for the office of President ;
in 1856 he was chosen President of the State Demo-
cratic Convention held at Austin ; and in 1858 was
appointed a Senator in Congress from Texas for the
term ending in 1863. Died at Raleigh, North Caro-
lina, October 13, 1861.
Ward, Samuel, — Born in Newport, Rhode Is-
land, May 27, 1725 ; was brought up a farmer, and
settled in Westerly, Rhode Island ; was a member of
the General Assembly from 1756 to 1759 ; Chief Jus-
tice in 1761 ; and Governor in 1762, and from 1765 to
1767 ; was one of the originators of Rhode Island Col-
lege, now known as Brown University; was an active
patriot ; Chairman of the Westerly Committee of
Correspondence ; was a Delegate to the Continental
Congress from 1774 to 1776, in which he usually pre-
sided when in Committee of the Whole, and was a
member of important committees. He died in Phila-
delphia, March 25, 1776, while attending a session of
Congress.
Ward, Thomas. — Was a Representative in
Congress from New Jersey from 1813 to 1817. He
died at Newark, New Jersey, February 4, 1842, aged
eighty-three.
Ward, William T. — He was born in Ken-
tucky, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1851 to 1853.
War dell f Daniel. — Was born in Bristol, Rhode
Island, in 1791, his father having fought in the Rev-
olution ; graduated at Brown University in 1811 ;
soon afterwards removed to Rome, New York, where
he studied law, and was admitted to the bar ; was
four times elected to the Legislature of his adopted
State ; was for several years Judge of a County
Court ; and he was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1831 to 1837, serving as Chair-
man of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions.
Ware, Ashur. — Born in Shelburne, Massachu-
setts, February 10, 1782 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1804 ; was tutor in that institution
from 1807 to 1811 ; professor of Greek from 1811 to
1815 ; Attorney at Law in Boston in 1816, and editor
of the Boston Yankee ; removed to Portland in 1817,
and was Judge of the United States District Court
of Maine from 1822 to 1866 ; was first Secretary of
State for Maine in 1820 ; published Reports of Cases-
in United States District Court of Maine, from 1822 to >
1839 ; also wrote several legal essays and orations ; .
received the degree of LL.D. from Bowdoin Colleg©-
in 1837.
Ware, Nicholas. — He was a Senator in Con-^
gress from Georgia from 1821 to the time of his
death, which occurred in New York City, September.
7, 1824.
Warfield, Henry M. — Was born in Anne
Arundel Cornty, Maryland ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from that State from 1819 to 1825;
On the morning of March 18, 1839, he was fouud
dead in his bed at Frederick, Maryland.
Warmouth, Henry C — He was GovernoF of
Louisiana from 1868 to 1872.
Warner, Hiram. — Born in Hampshire Coitnty,
Massachusetts, October 29, 1802 ; he received a good
common-school education, with si^me knowledge of
the classics, and emigrated to Georgia at the age of
seventeen, and there taught school for three years ;
with his earnings he was enabled to study tile pro-
450
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
fession of law, and was admitted to practice in 1825,
and opened an office at Knoxville, in Crawford
County. From 1828 to 1831 he was a Representa-
tive to the General Assembly, and declined a re-elec-
tion. In 1833 he was elected by the Legislature one
of the Judges of the Superior Courts of the State,
and was reappointed in 1836, holding the office until
1840. From that time till 1845 he was engaged in a
lucrative practice, and was that year appointed one
of the Judges of the Supreme Court, serving for
eight years, and then resigned. In 1855 he was
elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Con-
gress, and declined a re-election 1857.
Warner, Satnuel L. — Born in Wethersfield,
Connecticut, in 1829 ; received an academical educa-
tion and settled in Middletown ; prepared himself
for the legal profession by a course of study at the
Yale and Harvard law schools, coming to the bar in
1853 ; in the latter part of that year he was appoint-
ed Executive Secretary of State ; in 1857 he was a
member of the Connecticut Legislature ; in 1861 he
was elected Mayor Of Middletown, and re-elected
until 1865, when he was elected a Representative
from Connecticut to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Public Expenditures, and
Expenditures in the Navy Department. Prior to
1861 he was identified with the Democratic party, and
was a Delegate to and a Secretary of the " Baltimore
Convention " of 1860. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.
Warner^ Willar^d, — Born in Granville, Ohio,
September 4, 1826 ; graduated at Marietta College in
1845 ; entered the volunteer army in 1861 as a Major;
served on the staff of General Sherman during the
Atlanta Campaign ; was appointed in 1864 Colonel of
the one hundred and eightieth Ohio Volunteers ; pro-
moted to the rank of Major-General by brevet, for
"gallant and meritorious services;" was mustered
out of service in 1865 ; subsequently served two years
in the Ohio Senate ; and was chosen a Senator in
Congress from Alabama, for the term ending in 1871,
serving on the Committees on Finance and Public
Lands.
Warren f Cornelius, — Born in Putnam County,
New York, in 1790, and died at Cold Spring, July 28,
1849. He was a member of Congress from New York
from 1847 until his death.
Warren^ Edward A, — Born in Greene County,
Alabama, May 2, 1818 ; received a liberal education,
and studied the profession of law. He served in the
Mississippi Legislature in 1845 and 1846, and in the
Legislature of Arkansas, in 1848 and 1849 as Speaker
of the House. In 1850 he was elected State's Attorney
for the Sixth Judicial District of Arkansas ; and was
a Representative from that State in the Thirty-third
Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth. He
was a member of the Committees on the Militia, and
Railroads and Canals. Died in Nevada, Arkansas,
-July 2, 1875.
Warren, Fitz Henry. — He was a citizen of
Iowa, well-educated and paid some attention to poli-
rtics ; in 1851 he was appointed Second Assistant Post-
master-General, in which office he remained about one
year ; was frequently a Presidential Elector ; and in
1865 he was appointed Minister Resident to Guate-
mala, where he remained until 1869, after which he
returned to the United States, and resumed his inter-
t^est in politics.
Warren, tfoseph 3f, — He was born in Troy,
;New York, in 1813 ; graduated at Washington Col-
lege, Hartford, Connecticut, in 1834 ; was a manufac-
turer and merchant ; elected Mayor of Troy in 1852 ;
and elected to the Forty-second Congress, serving on
the Committee on Patents.
Warren, Lott,— Born in Burke County, Georgia,
October 30, 1797 ; commenced life as clerk in a store;
served in the Seminole War as a Second Lieutenant
of Militia in 1818 ; studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1821 ; in 1823 he was elected a Major of
Battalion ; in 1824 went to the State Legislature ; in
1825 was appointed Solicitor- General to fill a vacancy;
in 1830 he was sent to the State Senate ; in 1831 again
elected to the lower house ; and he was a Represent-
ative in Congress from 1839 to 1843, He was subse-
quently devoted to the profession of law.
Warren, W, L, F, — He was born in 1793 ; re-
ceived a liberal education ; studied law, and practiced
with great success at Saratoga and vicinity of New
York ; held a number of judicial positions under the
laws of the State, for nearly thirty years. He died at
Saratoga, May 23, 1875.
Warren, W, W. — Born at Brighton, Massachu-
setts, February 27, 1834 ; graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1854 ; studied three years in the Law School,
and admitted to practice in 1857 ; succeeded his father
as Town Clerk in 1856, and held the office ten years,
when he resigned ; was appointed Assessor of Internal
Revenue by President Johnson, and held the office
four months. In 1870 he was a member of the State
Senate ; received several nominations to important
offices, but declined ; was an active mover in city im-
provements, and was instrumental in the formation
of the abattoir in Boston ; was elected a Representa-
tive to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Washburn, Cadwalader C, — Born in the
town of Livermore, Maine, April 22, 1818 ; he was a
lawyer by profession ; removed to Wisconsin, and
was elected a Representative from that State to the
Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses. He was a
member of the Committees on Private Land Claims
and Expenditures on the Public Buildings ; he was
re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims
and as a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-
three ; he was also a Delegate to the "Peace Con-
gress " of 1861. In November, 1862, he was appointed
by President Lincoln a Major-General in the Union
Army. He was a Delegate to the " Soldiers' Conven-
tion " held in Pittsburg in 1866. Re-elected to the
Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, and was placed on
the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Expenditures on
the Public Buildings, and Appropriations.
Washburn, Charles A . — He was a citizen of
California ; in 1861 he was appointed a Commissioner
to Paraguay ; Minister Resident to the same post in
1863 ; and returned to the United States in 1868.
Washburn, Emory, — Born at Leicester, Mas-
sachusetts, February 14, 1800; graduated at Williams
College in 1817 ; studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1821 ; practiced in Leicester from 1821 to
1828 ; and at Worcester from 1828 to 1856 ; was a
member of the General Court from 1825 to 1827, and
in 1838 ; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas
from 1844 to 1847 ; Governor of Massachusetts in
1854 and 1855 ; Professor in the Cambridge Law
School since 1855. He published two local histories
of Leicester, including events of the Revolution ;
" Sketches of the Judicial History of Massachusetts,"
and his most important work is " A Treatise on the
American Law of Real Property," he also published
several addresses and legal papers. He was a mem-
ber of the Academy of Arts and Sciences ; the Anti-
quity Siociety of Worcester ; the New England His-
torical Genealogical Society, and the Massachusetts
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
451
Historical Society ; received the degree of LL.D.
from Harvard University and Williams College in
1854.
Washburn f Henry D, — He was born in Wind-
sor County, Vermont, March 28, 1832 ; and during
that year was removed by his father to Ohio ; was
early apprenticed to the trade of a tanner, but not
liking the business he became a school-teacher, which
occupation he followed until his twentieth year; stud-
ied law, and graduated at the New York State and
National Law School in 1853. He subsequently set-
tled in Indiana, and in 1854 he was appointed Auditor
of Vermillion County ; elected to the same position
in 1856, serving as such until 1861 ; in July of that
year he raised a company for service in the war ; was
promoted to the command as Colonel of the Eighteenth
Indiana Volunteers in 1862 ; and in 1864 he was bre-
vetted a Brigadier-General, and was mustered out of
the service in 1865 ; and was elected a Representa-
tive from Indiana to the Thirty -ninth Congress, hav-
ing successfully contested the seat claimed by D. W.
Vorhees, serving on the Committees on Claims and
Southern Railroads ; he was a Delegate to the Pitts-
burg " Soldiers' Convention" of 1866 ; and re-elected
to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees
on Retrenchment, Military Affairs, the Niagara Ship
Canal, and as Chairman of the Committee on Soldiers'
and Sailors' Bounties. In April, 1869, he was ap-
pointed Surveyor-General of Montana.
Washburn, Israel, tTr, — Born June 6, 1813,
at Livermore, County of Oxford (now Androscoggin),
Maine. He received a classical education ; studied
law, and in October, 1834, was admitted to the bar ;
he commenced the practice of law in Orono, Penob-
scot County, December, 1834, where he has since re-
sided. He was a member of the Legislature in 1842,
and elected to the Federal House of Representatives
from Maine for the Thirty-second, Thirty-third,
Thirty-fourth, Thirty- fifth, and Thirty-sixth Con-
gresses, serving in the latter Congress as a member
of the Committee on Ways and Means. In 1860 he
was elected Governor of Maine, and in 1863 he was
appointed by President Lincoln Collector of Portland.
Washburn, Peter Thacher, — Born in Lynn,
Massachusetts, September 7, 1814 ; graduated at
Dartmouth College in 1835 ; studied at the Cambridge
Law School ; practiced at Ludlow, Vermont, from
1839 to 1854, afterward at Woodstock ; he was re-
porter of Vermont Supreme Court for eight years ;
Adjutant and Inspector-General for Vermont from
1861 to 1866 ; and Governor of the State from 1869
to his death, which occurred February 7, 1870. He
was the author of many legal reports and digests.
Washburn, William B. — He was born in
Winch endon, Massachusetts, January 31, 1820 ; grad-
uated at Yale College in 1844 ; has always been en-
gaged in the manufacturing business ; was a mem-
ber of the State Senate in 1850, and of the lower
house in 1854 ; was subsequently President of the
Greenfield Bank ; and was elected a Representative
from Massachusetts to the Thirty-eighth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Invalid Pensions, and
Roads and Canals. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims and
Revolutionary Pensions. He was a Delegate to the
Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866; and
re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. He continued
to serve in the House of Representatives until 1872,
when he resigned ; was Governor of Massachusetts
in 1872 and 1873, and again resigned, and was elected
a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of
Charier Sumner, and continued in the Senate until
1 875, serving on important committees.
Washburn e, Ellihu B. — Born in Livermore,
Oxford County, Maine, September 23, 1816 ; served
an apprenticeship in the printing-office of the Kenne-
bec Journal ; studied law at Harvard University, and
removing to the West, practiced at Galena, Illinois ;
he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-third
Congress from that State, and re-elected to the Thirty-
fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses,
serving on two occasions as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Commerce. He was also elected to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, again serving as Chairman
of the Committee on Commerce, and re-elected to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving again as Chairman of
the Committee on Commerce, as a member of the
Joint Committee on the Library, and also as Chairman
of the Special Committee on Immigration. On ac-
count of his having served continuously for a longer
period than any other member of the Thirty-eighth
Congress, usage awarded Lim the title of "Father of
the House." He was the author, among many others,
of the bill reviving the oflHce of Lieutenant-General,
which was conferred on General Grant. Re-elected
to the Thirty-ninth Congress, again serving at the
head of the Committee on Commerce, and as Chair-
man of the Special Committee on the Death of Presi-
dent Lincoln, and as a member of those on the Rules,
Reconstruction, Air-line Railroad to New York, and
as Chairman of the Special Committee to Investigate
the Memphis Riots. Two of his brothers also served
in Congress, namely, Israel, Jr., and Cadwalader C.
Washburn, who wrote their names without the e.
Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress and was made,
in 1869, Minister to France.
Washington, Bushrod.—^e was born in West-
moreland County, Virginia, June 5, 1762 ; graduated
at William and Mary College in 1778 ; studied law,
and was successful in the profession ; served as a
soldier in the Revolution ; as a member of the Vir-
ginia House of Delegates ; was a member of the Con-
vention to ratify the Federal Constitution ; and he
resided both in Alexandria and Richmond. He was
the first President of the Colonization Society ; and
in 1798 he was appointed by President Adams a Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court of the United States ; he
published two volumes of Reports of the Court of
Appeals of Virginia, and four volumes of Reports of
the Third Circuit of the United States Court. He
was a favorite with his uncle, the first President ;
and he died in Philadelphia, November 26, 1829 ; he
was a devisee of Mount Vernon, and a man of ability
and high character.
Washington, George, — He was born at Bridge's
Creek, Westmoreland County, Virginia, February 22,
1732, and was descended from a family distinguished
for its respectability and virtue. At the age of ten
years he lost his father ; was educated in English
literature and the general principles of science by a
private tutor ; and adopted the profession of a sur-
veyor. When nineteen years of age, he was appointed
an Adjutant, with the rank of Major ; in 1753 he was
employed by Dinwiddie on a mission to the French
Army in the valley of the Ohio, and made treaties
with the Indians ; he served as an Aid-de-camp under
Braddock, and, on the fall of that General, displayed
great ability in saving the army ; in 1758 he per-
formed an expedition to Fort du Quesne ; after which,
with the rank of C'olonel, he retired to the paternal
estate of Mount Vernon and do voted himself to agri-
culture. He cultivated nine thousand acres of land ;
employed about a thousand persons, slaves and others,
on his estate, whom he clothed with cloths made un-
der his own superintendence ; and it is said that
seven thousand bushels of wheat and ten thousand
bushels of corn was not an uncommon crop for him
to raise on his plantation. He frequently served in
the Legislature of Virginia ; was a Delegate to the
452
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Continental Congress in 1774 and the early part of
1775 ; and on the breaking out of the war lie was
called to the chief command of the Provincial troops,
and the record of his services is a history of the war.
He joined the army at Cambridge in July, 1775 ; in
1776 he fought the battles of Long Island, White
Plains, Trenton, and Princeton ; in 1777 those of
Brandy wine and Germantown ; in 1778 that of Mon-
mouth ; and in 1781 he captured Cornwallis at York-
town, and thereby virtually closed the war. When
the treaty of peace was signed, lie resigned his com-
mission, and, universally beloved, retired to private
life. He was elected the first President of the United
States, and, after having been re-elected and serving
out his second term, he again retired to private life.
In 1798 he was induced again to accept the command
of the army, but it was merely to concentrate the
efforts of his fellow-citizens for the promotion of the
general good, and was another sacrifice to his high
sense of duty. He died at Mount Vernon, after a
short illness of quinsy sore throat, December 14,
1799 ; was buried at that place with the honors due
to the noble champion of the liberties of a happy and
prosperous republic. The character of Washington
stands alone among the great men of the world, as a
pure man, a patriot, a wise statesman, a citizen, a
ruler, a husbandman, a general, and a Christian.
His life has been written and commented upon by
hundreds of writers, and perhaps the most popular
biographies of him were published by John Marshall,
Washington Irving, David Ramsay, and Aaron Ban-
croft ; and a copious selection from his manuscripts
was edited by Jared Sparks, and published in twelve
volumes. His home at Mount Vernon is, to lovers of
liberty and true greatness, a kind of Mecca ; and, as
the "Father of his Country," his memory will be
venerated as long as the republic endures.
Washington^ George C, — Born in Westmore-
land County, Virginia, August 20, 1789, and died in
Georgetown, District of Columbia, July 17, 1854 He
was educated at Cambridge, and became a lawyer by
profession, though partial to the pursuit of agricul-
ture. At the time of his death, he was the oldest and
nearest surviving male relative of his grand-uncle,
General Washington. He represented Maryland in
Congress from 1827 to 1833, and from 1835 to 1837 ;
he was also a President of the Chesapeake and Ohio
Canal, and a Commissioner for the settlement of In-
dian Claims. When General Scott was nominated
for the Presidency, Mr. Washington was spoken of as
the candidate for Vice-President.
Washington^ JPeter G, — He was a native of
Virginia ; early became a clerk in one of the Depart-
ments of the Government ; in 1845 he was appointed
Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, remaining in that
position until 1849 ; and in 1853 he was appointed
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Department, re-
maining in that capacity until 1857 ; after which he
devoted himself to the prosecution of claims in Wash-
ington City, until his death.
Washington, William S^.— Born in North
Carolina ; graduated at Tale College in 1834, and was
a lawyer by profession. He was in Congress from
1841 to 1843, and subsequently five or six years in the
' State Legislature. Died August 12, 1860, aged forty-
six years.
WafkinSf Albert G.—Re was born in Jefferson
County, Tennessee, May 5, 1818 ; was educated at
Holston Coilege, Tennessee ; adopted the profession
of law ; was elected to the Legislature from his native
county in 1845 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ;
and was first elected a Representative in Congress in
1849, and re-elected to each succeeding Congress, ex-
cepting the Thirty-third, when he declined the nom-
ination. He was a member of the Committees on
Manufactures, and on the Militia.
WatkinSf Tobias, — He was bom in Maryland,
and in 1825 was appointed Fourth Auditor of the
Treasury, which office he held until 1830.
Watmoughf John G, — He was born on the
banks of the Brandywine, Delaware, December 6,
1793, and educated at the University of Pennsylvania
and Princeton. He served in the war of 1812, as a
Lieutenant in the Second Artillery, and, while doing
service on the frontiers, in 1813 and 1814, was wound-
ed by receiving in his body three musket-balls, the
last of which was extracted in 1835 ; he resigned his
commission in 1816, and was elected a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania in 1831, where he re-
mained four years, during the whole of which period
his wounds were open and constantly giving him
pain. His other public positions were those of Aide-
de-camp to General Gaines, at New Orleans and in
the Creek Nation in 1814 and 1815 ; High Sheriff of
Philadelphia City and County in 1835 ; and Surveyor
of that port in 1841. During the latter part of his
life he lived in retirement, and died at Philadelphia,
November 29, 1861.
WatrouSf John C, — He was born in Colchester,
Connecticut, in 1806 ; graduated at Union College
in 1828 ; studied law, and practiced, for a time,
in Tennessee and Alabama ; removed to Texas
in 1842 ; was Attorney-General of the Republic of
Texas ; when it became a State he was made Judge
of the United States Court for the Eastern District of
the State, serving, as such, until 1869, when he re-
signed on account of his health. An effort was made
by his enemies to have him impeached, but it was
unsuccessful. He subsequently settled in Baltimore,
Maryland, where he died June 17, 1874.
Watson, Cooper K, — He was born in Ohio, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1855 to 1857.
Watson f James, — He was a Senator in Congress
from New York from 1798 to 1800, when he resigned ;
had previously been a member of the Assembly of
New York during the years 1791, 1794, 1795 and 1796 ;
was State Senator in 1797.
Watson, JP. H. — He was born in England, and
appointed, from the District of Columbia, Assistant-
Secretary of War in 1862, and served in that capacity
for more than one year.
Watterson, Harvey M, — He was bom in Ten-
nessee, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1839 to 1843. Subsequently settled in
Washington City as a lawyer.
Watterston, George. — He was one of the earli-
est citizens of Washington City ; a man of culture and
uncommon intelligence ; and Librarian of Congress
from 1825 to 1829. Between the years 1817 and 1848
he published the following useful books, viz. : "Me-
moir on the Tobacco Plant," " Letters from Washing-
ton," " Course of Study for Bar and Senate," " Wan-
derer in Washington," "Man as he Ought to be,"
"Views of Population," "American Portraits," and
"Guide to Washington."
Watts f Beaufort T.— He was a citizen of South
Carolina ; in 1824 he was appointed Secretary of Le-
gation to Colombia ; in 1827 Charge d' Affaires at the
same place ; and in 1828 he went to Russia as Secre-
tary of Legation.
Watts, Frederick, — He was born in Carlisle,
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
453
Pennsylvania, May 9, 1801 ; graduated at Dickinson
College in 1819 ; spent a part of liis boyhood on a
farm ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1824 ; in
1831 he was appointed Reporter for the Supreme
Court, holding the oiBBce fourteen years, and publish-
ing twenty volumes ; in 1845 he was elected President
of the Cumberland Valley Railroad, and held the po-
sition twenty-six years ; in 1849 appointed President-
Judge of the Ninth District ; in 1854 was one of the
projectors of the Agricultural College of Pennsyl-
vania, and chosen President of the Board of Trustees ;
took an interest in all the local enterprises of Carlisle ;
and after retiring to private life, for the purpose of
enjoying his farm, he was in 1871 appointed Commis-
sioner of Agriculture in Washington, where he still
continues.
Watts f Henry 31. — Born in Carlisle, Pennsyl-
vania, October 10, 1805 ; graduated at Dickinson Col-
lege ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1827, locat-
ing in Pittsburg ; was appointed Deputy Attorney-
General ; in the State Legislature from 1835 to 1838 ;
settled in Philadelphia, and was appointed United
States Attorney for the District of Philadelphia ; vis-
ited Europe a number of times for pleasure ; and in
1868 he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary to Austria.
Watts,, John, — He was born in New York in 1749,
and died in New York City, September 3, 1836. He
was a member of Congress from 1793 to 1795.
Watts f John S. — Born in Boone County, Ken-
tucky, January 19, 1816 ; graduated at the University
of Indiana ; studied law, and practiced the profession
in Indiana ; served in the Legislature of that State ;
was twice elected a Prosecuting Attorney ; in 1851 he
was appointed by President Fillmore an Associate-
Justice in New Mexico ; subsequently practiced his
profession in that Territory ; was elected a Delegate
from New Mexico to the Thirty-seventh Congress ;
took an active part in raising troops for the Union ar-
my during the Rebellion ; and in 1868 he was ap-
pointed by President Johnson Chief-Justice of the
Supreme Court in New Mexico.
Watts, Thomas H, — He was Governor of Ala-
bama from 1863 to 1868.
Wayne, Anthony. — Born in East Town, Chester
County, Pennsylvania, in 1746. In 1773 he was elected
a Representative in the General Assembly, where he
took an active part against the claims of Great Britain.
In 1775 he entered the army as Colonel, and in the
battle at the Three Rivers, in June, 1776, received a
wound in the leg, and at the close of the campaign he
was made a Brigadier-General. In the battles of
Braudywine, Germantown, and Monmouth, and es-
pecially at Stony Point, he greatly distinguished him-
self, in the latter assault receiving a severe wound in
the head. In 1781 he led the Pennsylvania line to
form a junction with Lafayette in Virginia, and en-
gaged in the capture of Cornwallis ; after which he
conducted the war in Georgia with equal success, re-
ceiving from the Legislature of that State a valuable
farm as a reward for his services, upon which he re-
tired after the war. In 1787 he was a member of the
Convention for framing the Constitution, and served
as a Representative in Congress from Georgia in 1791,
but his seat was successfully contested by James
Jackson, and was vacated by a resolution of the
House. In 1792 he was again called into military ser-
vice, and succeeded St. Clair in the command of the
army against the Indians, gaining a complete victory
over them in 1794, at the battle of the Miami ; he
concluded a treaty, August 3, 1795, with the hostile
tribes north-west of the Ohio. While in the service
of his country, having attained the rank of Major-
General, he died in a hut at Presque Isle, and was
buried on the shore of Lake Erie, in December, 1796,
but in 1809 his remains were removed to his native
county.
Wayne, Isaac, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1823 to 1825.
Wayne, James M, — He was born in Savannah,
Georgia, in 1790. Having obtained an excellent pre-
liminary education under the instruction of a private
tutor, he entered Nassau Hall (now Princeton College),
where he counted among his fellow-students some of
the leading men of the present day. On his return
home at the close of his collegiate course, he com-
menced the study of law in Savannah ; but, his father
having died a few months afterwards, he left, by the
advice of his friends, to prosecute his studies at the
North. On his second return home he commenced
the practice of his profession, and took much interest
in politics. After three or four years he was elected
a member of the General Assembly as an opponent of
the "Relief Law," which had created much feeling
throughout the State. He was re-elected the follow-
ing year, but declined being a candidate the third
time. He was next Mayor of the city. On his resig-
nation of that office he was chosen Judge of the Supe-
rior Court, and served five years and a half. He was
then elected a member of Congress in the session of
1829 and 1830, and served until 1835. He took a
prqminent position in the House as a debater, and also
proved himself a good business member on various
Committees. He was a supporter of President Jack-
son, by whom he was appointed to a seat on the bench
of the United States Supreme Court in 1835. He
proved himself a sound and accomplished jurist, and
especially devoted his attention to the subject of Ad-
miralty jurisprudence, and his opinion on points con-
nected with that subject are everywhere cited as high
authority. In 1865 and 1866, by invitation of the fac-
ulty, he delivered an occasional lecture before the
law students of Columbia College. Died. in Washing-
ton, July 5, 1867.
WeaJcley, JRohert. — He was a Representative in
Congress from Tennessee from 1809 to 1811, and in
1819 was appointed United States Commissioner to
treat with the Chickasaws.
Webb, James. — Born in Virginia ; studied law,
and removed to Georgia to practice ; was Judge of the
Superior Court ; was United States District Judge in
the Territory of Florida, but resigned and removed to
Texas in 1839 ; was Attorney-General of the State and
Secretary of State ; served one term in the Senate,
and, after Texas became a State, was Reporter of the
decisions of the Supreme Court of the State, Secretary
of State, and Judge of the Fourteenth Judicial Dis-
trict, which position he held at the time of his death ;
was the author of "Reports of the Supreme Court of
Texas," from 1846 to 1848. Died at Goliad, Texas,
November 2, 1856.
Webb, James Watson. — Born at Claverack,
New York, February 8, 1802 ; entered the army as
Second Lieutenant in 1819 ; was made First Lieuten-
ant in 1823 ; resigned in 1827, and took charge of the
I^ew York Courier, which was united to the Enquirer
under the name of Morning Courier and New YorJc
Enquirer, and became sole editor, and, in 1830, sole
proprietor. He was appointed Charge d'Affaires to
Vienna in 1850, but the Senate did not confirm the
nomination. In 1861 was Minister to Brazil ; while in
this position he secured the settlement of long-stand-
ing claims against Brazil, and was instrumental,
through his intimacy with Napoleon III. , in procuring
the withdrawal of the French from Mexico. He was
the editor of "Alto wan, or Adventures in the Rocky
454
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Mountains," 2 vols. 8vo., 1846 ; " Slavery and its Ten-
dencies," 8vo., 1856.
JVebster^ Daniel, — Born in the town of Salis-
bury, New Hampshire, January 18, 1782. His oppor-
tunities for education were very deficient, and he was
indebted for his earliest instruction to his mother.
For a few months only, in 1796, he enjoyed the advan-
tages of Phillips' Exeter Academy ; here his education
for college commenced, and it was completed at Bos-
cawen. He entered Dartmouth College in 1797, and
graduated in 1801. Soon after he engaged in profes-
sional studies, first in his native village, and after-
wards at Fryeburg in Maine, where, at the same time,
he had the charge of an academy, and was also a
copyist in the office of the Register of Deeds. Hav-
ing completed his legal studies, he was admitted to
the bar of Suffolk, Massachusetts, in the year 1805.
He commenced the practice of law in his native State
and county ; in 1807 he removed to Portsmouth, New
Hampshire, and soon became engaged in a respect-
able but not lucrative practice. In 1812 he was
chosen a Representative in Congress from New Hamp-
shire, and was re-elected. He removed to Boston in
1816, and was placed at once beside the leaders of the
Massachusetts bar, having already appeared before
the Supreme Court of the United States at Washing-
ton. By his argument, in the Dartmouth College
case, carried by appeal to Washington, in 1817, he
took rank among the most distinguished jurists in the
country. In 1820 he was chosen a member of the
Convention for revising the Constitution of Massa-
chusetts. He was offered, about this time, a nomijia-
tion as a Senator of the United States, but declined.
In 1822 he was elected a Representative in Congress
from the City of Boston ; he took his seat in Decem-
ber, 1823, and early in the session made his celebrated
speech on the Greek Revolution, which at once estab-
lished his reputation as one of the first statesmen of
the age, and he was re-elected. In 1826 he was again
elected, and, under the Presidency of John Quincy
Adams, he was the leader of the friends of the ad-
ministration, first in the House of Representatives, and
afterwards in the Senate, to which he was elected in
1827. His speech on the Panama Mission was made
in the first session of the Nineteenth Congress. When
the tariff law of 1824 was brought forward, he spoke
against it on the ground of expediency. He remained
in the Senate for a period of twelve years. In 1830
he made what is generally regarded the ablest of his
parliamentary efforts — his second speech in reply to
Robert Y. Hayne, of South Carolina. Mr. Webster,
although opposed to the administration of General
Jackson, gave it a cordial support in its measures for
the defense of the Union in 1832 and 1833, but op-
posed its financial system. In 1839 he made a short
visit to Europe. His fame had preceded him, and he
was received, in the Old World, with the attention
due to his character and talents, at the French and
English Courts. On the accession of President Har-
rison, he was appointed Secretary of State, and was
continued in this office by President Tyler. Presi-
dent Tyler's cabinet was broken up in 1842, but Mr.
Webster remained in oflace till the spring of 1843,
being desirous of putting some other matters, con-
nected with our foreign relations, in a prosperous
train. Mr. Webster returned to the Senate of the
United States in 1845, and he remained in that body
until 1850, when he was appointed Secretary of State
by President Fillmore. In December, 1850, the fa-
mous Hiilsemann letter was written. In 1851, by his
judicious management of the Cuba question, he ob-
tained from the Spanish government the pardon of the
followers of Lopez, who had been deported to Spain.
About the same time he received from the English
government an apology for the interference of a
British cruiser with an American steamer in the
waters of Nicaragua. This was the second time that
the British government had made a similar concession,
at the instance of Mr. Webster. The first was in re-
ference to the destruction of the Caroline at Schlosser ;
and it is understood that it was on the strength of a
private letter that he addressed to Lord Palmerston,
that John F. Crampton was made Minister Plenipoten-
tiary to Washington. He paid much attention to agri-
culture, and his residence, when not engaged in public
business at Washington, was either at Marshfield, in
Massachusetts, or the place of his birth, in New Hamp-
shire. The works of Mr. Webster were published in
six volumes, with a biographical memoir by Edward
Everett. He died October 23, 1852, at Marshfield ;
in that year, his Private Life, by the compiler of this
volume, was published ; and in 1857 two volumes of
his Private Correspondence were published by his
son, Fletcher Webster, subsequently killed in battle
during the Rebellion. In 1869, a complete life of the
statesman was published by George T. Curtis, in two
volumes.
Webster f Edivin JET, — He was born in Hartford
County, Maryland, March 31, 1829 ; was educated at
Dickinson College, and was a member of the Mary-
land Senate from 1855 to 1859, serving two years as
the President of that body. In 1856 he was chosen a
Presidential Elector. His term in Congress com-
menced with the Thirty-sixth Congress, as a Repre-
sentative from Maryland, and he was re-elected to
the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Claims, and on Public Expenditures. For
a time he rendered the State some service in a mili-
tary capacity, and was Colonel of a Maryland regi-
ment. In 1863 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims, and
on the Militia. Re-elected to the Thirty -ninth Con-
gress, but in July, 1865, was appointed by President
Johnson, Collector of Customs for the port of Balti-
more.
Webster f Taylor. — He was born in Pennsylva-
nia, and, having settled in Ohio, was elected a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1833
to 1839.
WeehSf John W. — He was a County Sheriff, in
New Hampshire, from 1820 to 1825 ; a State Senator
in 1827 and 1828 ; a Representative in Congress from
New Hampshire from 1829 to 1833 ; and Judge of
Probate, in Coos County, in 1854.
Weeks f tfoseph, — He was born in Massachusetts,
and was a Representative in Congress from New
Hampshire from 1835 to 1839, having previously been
for two years Judge of the County Court for Cheshire
County.
WeeinSf John C, — He was bom in Calvert
County, Maryland, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1826 to 1829.
Weightmanf Hichard Hanson, — Born in
Maryland and educated at West Point ; was a Cap-
tain in the Missouri Battalion of Light Artillery Vol-
unteers in the Mexican War, and distinguished him-
self under Colonel Donophan in the battle of Sacra-
mento ; subsequently held the position of additional
Paymaster ; and was a Delegate to Congress from
New Mexico from 1851 to 1853.
Weightman, Roger C, — He was born in Alex-
andria, Virginia, in 1786 ; was bred a printer and
settled in Washington City ; was at one time em-
ployed as the printer for Congress ; served as an
officer of Cavalry in the War of 1812 ; was for many
years a General of Militia, and during the Rebellion
he had command of the troops quartered in the
Patent Office ; from 1824 to 1827 he was Mayor of
23
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
455
"Washington City ; resigned to become Cashier of the
Bank of Washington ; was for many years Librarian
of the Patent Office, and in all the positions he held,
acquitted himself with great credit. He died in
Washington City, February 2, 1876.
Weir,, Mohert Walter, — Born at New Rochelle,
New York, June 18, 1803 ; at the age of nineteen be-
came a painter ; after residing three years in Italy he
returned home in 1827, and practiced his art in New
York ; was Professor of Perspective in the National
Academy of Design from 1830 to 1834 ; and was then
appointed instructor of Drawing at West Point, which
position he still holds. Among his works are the
" Embarkation of the Pilgrims," painted by order of
Congress, for the Rotunda of the Capitol ; and, among
others of superior merit from his pencil, may be men-
tioned the " Antiquary," and " Rebecca " from Scott,
" The Bourbon's Last March," " Landing of Hudson,"
"Indian Captives," "The Greek Girl," "Faith Hold-
ing the Sacramental Cup," with others of like charac-
ter, and many landscapes.
Welch f Adonija S. — He was born in East
Hampton, Connecticut, in 1821 ; removed to Michigan
in 1839, and graduated at the University of that
State in IS^G ; studied law, but preferred teaching,
and had charge of a High School at Jonesville ;
visited California in 1849, and on his return was Prin-
cipal of the Normal School of Michigan for four
years ; in 1865 he removed to Florida, and in 1868 he
was elected a Senator in Congress from that State for
the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees
on Agriculture, and Post-Offices and Post-Roads.
Welch f John, — He was born in Jefferson County,
Ohio, October 28, 1805 ; was educated at Franklin
College, Ohio ; studied law and was admitted to the
bar in 1833 ; he was a member of the State Senate of
Ohio in 1846 and 1847 ; and a Representative in Con-
gress from 1851 to 1853. He was subsequently one
of the Trustees of the Ohio University.
Welchf William H. — He was a resident of
Minnesota, and in 1853 he was appointed Chief Justice
of the United States Court for the Territory of Min-
nesota. He was a native of Connecticut.
Welch, William W, — He was born in Norfolk,
Connecticut, December 10, 1818 ; received the rudi-
ments of his education at the common-schools and
from private instructors, and, having turned his at-
tention to the science of medicine, received the de-
gree of M.D. from the Medical Institution of Yale
College, in 1838 ; and, excepting when interrupted by
his public duties, has ever been a practicing physi-
cian. He has twice been elected to the House of Rep-
resentatives, and twice to the Senate of Connecticut :
he was a Representative from that State during the
Thirty-fourth Congress.
Welker, Martin, — He was born in Knox Coun-
ty, Ohio, April 25, 1819 ; received a good education
by his own unaided efforts, while working on a farm
or employed as clerk in a store ; studied law, and
came to the bar in 1840 ; from 1846 to 1851 he was
Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas for Holmes
County ; in 1851 he was elected a Judge of the Com-
mon Pleas for the Sixth District serving five years ;
in 1857 he removed to Wooster, Wayne County, and
was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio, declining a
renomination ; in 1861 he was appointed a Judge Ad-
vocate, with the rank of Major, serving three months
as a Staff Officer ; was soon afterwards appointed
Aide-de-Camp and Acting Judge Advocate-General,
with the rank of Colonel, under the Governor of the
State, in 1862 he was an Assistant Adjutant-General,
and superintended the draft of the State ; and in
1864 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to
the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees
on the District of Columbia, Revolutionary Pensions,
and Free Schools in the District of Columbia. He was
also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con-
vention " of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth
and Forty- First Congresses, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Retrenchment. In 1873 he was ap-
pointed United States Judge for the Northern District
of Ohio.
Wellborn f M, J, — Born in Georgia, and was a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1849
to 1851.
Weller, John S, — He was born in Ohio ; was a
Representative in Congress from that State from 1839
to 1845 ; was the first United States Commissioner to
Mexico, under the treaty of Guadaluxje Hidalgo ; and,
having tal^en up his residence in California, was
elected to the United States Senate, in 1851, for a
long term ; and was subsequently elected Governor of
California. In December, 1860, he was appointed
Minister to Mexico ; and was a delegate to the
"Chicago Convention" in 1864. Died in New Or-
leans, August 17, 1875.
Welles f Gideon, — He was born in Glastenbury,
Connecticut, July 1, 1802 ; educated chiefly at the
Norwich University of Vermont, and studied law.
In 1826 he became the editor of the Hartford Times ;
from 1827 to 1835 he was a member of the Connecti-
cut Legislature ; was subsequently appointed Comp-
troller of Public Accounts ; from 1836 to 1841 he was
Postmaster of Hartford, having been appointed by
President Jackson ; in 1842 he was made Comptroller
of the State ; in 1846 he took charge of a bureau in
the Navy Department, where he remained until 1849 ;
was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" of
1860, and in 1861 he went into President Lincoln's
Cabinet as Secretary of the Navy. For thirty years
before becoming Secretary, he was an occasional con-
tributor to the Hartford Press, the New York Even-
ing Post, and the Washington Globe and Union.
Wells f Aleocander, — He was born in New York
State about the year 1815 ; received a good education
and settled as a lawyer in the City of New York ;
served as a member of the State Legislature ; was
elected a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State ;
removed to California about the year 1850 ; and died
at San Jose, California, October 30, 1854.
Wells f Alfred, — Born in Dagsborough, Sussex
County, Delaware, May 27, 1814 ; adopted the pro-
fession of law, and settled in Ithica, New York ; and
in 1858 was elected a Representative from New York
to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of
the Committee on the Militia. He also held the
positions of Deputy Clerk, District Attorney, and
Judge of Tompkins County, New York. Died in the
winter of 1857.
WellSf Danielf Jr, — He was born in Maine ;
received a good English education ; removed to Wis-
consin in 1836 ; became extensively engaged at Mil-
waukee in the business of banking and lumbering ;
he was a Representative in Congress from Wisconsin
from 1853 to 1855.
Wells f David A. — He was born in Springfield,
Massachusetts, in June, 1828 ; graduated at William's
College ; became an associate editor of the Springfield
Mepiiblican, and while there invented a machine for
folding books and newspapers ; subsequently gradu-
ated at the Scientific School at Cambridge ; established
and edited for several years the Annual of Scientific
Discovery ; while residing in Troy, New York, in
45G
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
1864, he came prominently before the public by means
of a pamphlet on " Our Burden and Our Strength,"
which had an enormous circulation. After the war he
was made Chairman of a Special Commission created
by Congress to inquire into the resources of the coun-
try, and was subsequently made a Special Commis-
sioner of the Revenue, which office he held four
years, and in which capacity he inaugurated many im-
provements in the Revenue Laws, and established
the " Bureau of Statistics." After leaving Washing-
ton he was appointed by the Governor of New York
to revise the Taxation Laws of that State, and made
two important reports in 1872 and 1873 ; in the for-
mer year he was made a lecturer at Yale College,
and in the latter year visited England and there pro-
claimed his opinions ; in 1875 he took an interest in
the politics of Connecticut, and was also made Presi-
dent of the American Association of Social Science ;
and is a member of the French Academy. He re-
ceived from the University of Oxford, England, the
degree of D.C.L. ; and from Williams College the
degree of LL.D.
Wells f Ebeiiezer T, — He was born in Yew York,
and having emigrated to Colorado, was appointed, in
1871, one of the Associate Justices of the United
States Supreme Court for the Territory of Colorado.
WellSf Erastus, — He was born in Jefferson
County, New York, December 2, 1823 ; received a
good education ; was compelled to rely on his own
exertions, and went to St. Louis ; established the
first omnibus line in that city, and the first street
railroad company ; was for fifteen years a member of
the City Council ; was President of the Missouri
Railroad Company, and a Director in several incorpor-
ated companies ; and was elected to the Forty-first,
Forty-second, Forty- third, and Forty-fourth Con-
gresses, serving on the Committees on the Pacific
Railroad, Navy Department, Railroads and Canals,
Centennial, and Public Buildings and Grounds.
WellSf Guilford Wiley, — He was born in
Conesus, Livingston County, New York, February 14,
1840 ; received a liberal education at the Genesee Col-
lege, but graduated at Columbian College, District oi:
Columbia ; adopted the profession of law ; entered the
war for the Union as a Lieutenant of Volunteers,
rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and was twice
wounded and brevetted for gallantry on the field ; in
1870, he was appointed United States District Attor-
ney for the Northern District of Mississippi ; re-ap-
pointed in 1874, and before the close of the year he
was elected a Representative from that State to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
Wells f Henry H, — He was a lawyer by prof es-
sion ; Governor of Virginia from 1868 to 1871, and in
1875 he was appointed United States District Attor-
ney for the District of Columbia, in the place of
George P. Fisher, removed by a special vote of the
Cabinet. (See improved notice above.)
Wells f Hezekiah G. — He was born in Stuben-
ville, Ohio, in 1812 ; educated at Kenyon College ;
and after studying law emigrated to Kalamazoo, in
Michigan. In 1833 he was elected to the first Consti-
tutional Convention of that State ; in 1845, and for
five years, elected a Judge of the Circuit Court of the
State ; elected a member of the Constitutional Con-
vention of 1850 ; by his individual exertions raised a
regiment of Volunteers during the Rebellion ; from
1865 to 1875 he was President of the State Board of
Agriculture ; was appointed in 1873 member of a
Constitutional Convention of eighteen persons ; and
was subsequently appointed Presiding Judge of the
Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims, in which
position he still continues.
Wells f H, H, — He was born in Rochester, New
York, September 17, 1823 ; educated at the Romeo
Academy in Michigan ; studied law, came to the bar
in Detroit, and practiced the profession there from
1846 to 1861 ; removed to Virginia and also practiced
in that State from 1865 to 1875. He was a member
of the Michigan Legislature from 1854 to 1856 ; served
in the war for the Union from that State and became
a Brigadier-General by brevet but resigned ; was mili-
tary Governor of Virginia in 1868 and 1869 and re-
signed ; was United States Attorney for the District
of Virginia from 1869 to 1872, when he resigned ; and
in September, 1875, he entered upon the duties of
United States Attorney for the District of Columbia,
having been appointed to succeed George P. Fisher,
removed.
Wells, James M, — He was Governor of Louisi-
ana from 1864 to 1867.
Wells f tToJin, — He was born in New York, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State from
1851 to 1853.
Wells* Jolm S* — He was a Senator in Congress
from New Hampshire from January to March, in
1855, by executive appointment. He filled many
local offices, and died in Exeter, New Hampshire, in
1860, aged fifty-six years.
t
WellSf Hobert IF, — He was, for nearly thirty
years before his death, on the United States Bench of
Missouri, seldom or never missing a term of the Cir-
cuit or District Courts. He acquired a high reputa-
tion for his legal knowledge, and his decisions were
always respected by the Supreme Court of the United
States. He died at Bowling Green, Kentucky, Sep-
tember 22, 1864.
Wells f Samuel, — He was born in New Hamp-
shire, about 1805 ; was some years Judge of the Su-
perior Court of Maine, and Governor of the State in
1856 and 1857. Died in Boston, July 15, 1868.
Wells f Williatn H, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from Delaware from 1799 to 1804, when he re-
signed, and again from 1813 to 1817 ; he died March
11, 1829.
Wendell f Cornelius, — He was born in Albany,
New York ; was bred a printer, and resided in that
city many years ; removed to Washington City and
took a special interest in politics ; was elected Public
Printer in 1856 and also in 1866 ; was interested in the
publication of the first edition of the "Dictionary of
Congress ; " and died in Washington.
WendoveVf JPeter H, — He was born in New
York City ; was a member of the State Assembly from
the city of New York in 1804 ; and a Representative
in Congress from that State from 1815 to 1821.
Wentworth, tfohn, — He was born in Sandwich,
New Hampshire, March 5, 1815 ; and was the grand-
son of John Went worth, Jr., who was in the old Con-
gress, and who signed the original Articles of Con-
federation for New Hampshire. He was educated at
Dartmouth College, and shortly after graduating, in
1836, emigrated to the West, and settled in Chicago,
Illinois ; was among the first who took an interest in
securing a city charter for the town ; and, in a short
time, connected himself wdth the Chicago Democrat,
which was long the official journal of the city, and
which he conducted as proprietor and editor for
twenty-five years. Before becoming fully engaged
in politics he studied law, and, having finished his
course at Harvard, came to the bar in 1841. In 1837
he became a member of the Board of Education, and
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
457
continued in that position, when not in public life,
for many years ; and he was a Representative from
Illinois, to the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, Thirti-
eth, Thirty-first, and thirty-second Congresses, serv-
ing on the Committees on Territories and Commerce. In
1857 and 1860 he was Mayor of Chicago ; was a mem-
ber of the " State Constitutional Convention " of 1861 ;
in 1864 he was appointed one of the Police Commis-
sioners of Chicago ; and was subsequently re-elected
for the the sixth term to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on Ways and Means, and
Roads and Canals. In 1867 he received from Dart-
mouth College the degree of LL.D., and subsequently
made a donation to the college of ten thousand
dollars.
Wenttvorthf Johrif Jr, — He was born in Som-
mersworth. New Hampshire, July 17, 1745 ; gradu-
ated at Harvard University in 1768 ; studied law and
adopted the profession, but, upon the organization of
Strafford County, he received from his relative.
Governor John Wentworth, the appointment of Reg-
ister of Probate, which office he held until his death,
which occurred at Dover, New Hampshire, January
10, 1787, from Consumption, growing out of an attack
of small-pox. He settled at Dover, early in life, and
was for a while the only lawyer in his county. He
was elected a Representative to the State Legislature
from 1776 to 1780, when he took the place of his
deceased father, also named John, in the Council,
where he remained until 1784, his father having also
been President of the first Revolutionary Assembly
in New Hampshire, and also a Colonel in the Army.
He was a member of the State Senate from 1784 until
his death ; was an active member of the Committee
of Safety during the Revolution ; was a Delegate
from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress in
the years 1778 and 1779, serving four sessions, and
was one of the signers of the Articles of Confedera-
tion. He left a son, named Paul, who was the father
of John Wentworth, the Representative in Congress
from Illinois.
Wentworth, Tappan, — He was born in Dover,
New Hampshire, February 24, 1802; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Massachusetts from
1853 to 1855. He followed the law as a profession,
and was President of the Common Council of Lowell
in 1842 ; and served four years in the State Senate,
and eight years in the lower house of the Legislature.
He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyal-
ists' Convention " of 1866. Died in Lowell, June 12,
1875.
TVestf J, H, — ^He was born in New Orleans, Sep-
tember 19, 1822 ; entered the University of Pennsyl-
vania in 1836, but withdrew before graduating ;
served in the war against Mexico, as Captain ; emi-
grated to California in 1849, and engaged in com-
mercial pursuits ; at the outbreak of the Rebellion
was proprietor of the San Francisco Prices Current ;
entered the Army as Lieutenant-Colonel of the First
California Infantry, and attained the rank af brevet
Major General ; went to Texas and then removed to
New Orleans ; was Chief Deputy United States Mar-
shal and Auditor of Customs, and Administrator of
Improvements ; and was elected to the United States
Senate, for the term commencing in 1871 and ending
in 1877, serving on the Committees on Appropriations
and Railroads.
Westbrooky John* — He was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1841 to 1843.
WestbrooJCf Theodoric It. — He was a native
of New York, and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1853 to 1855.
JVestcottf flames D. — He was born at Alexan-
dria, Virginia, in May, 1802. He removed with his
father to New Jersey, and was, at an early age, ad-
mitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of that State,
where he practiced his profession until 1829 ; and he
afterwards held, for a short time, a position in the
Consular Bureau of the State Department at Wash-
ington. He was appointed, by President Jackson,
Secretary of the Territory of Florida, and held the
office four years, performing the duties of the Gover-
nor during his temporary absence. He was a member
of the Territorial Legislature in 1832. He was ap-
pointed United States District Attorney for the middle
district of the Territory, Avhich office he held until
1836. He was again a member of the Legislature,
and a member of the Convention for framing a State
Constitution in 1838 and 1839. On the admission of
Florida into the Union as a State, in 1845, he was
elected a Senator in Congress, and served until 1849.
WesterlOf Rensselaer, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1817 to 1819.
Weston, tTaines A» — He was Governor of Ne-
vada in the years 1871 and 1872.
WestoUf tfames j^, — He was born in Manches-
ter, New Hampshire, August 27, 1827 ; received a good
education in the public schools and academies of his
native place ; adopted the profession of Civil Engi-
neer, and was extensively engaged in building and
operating Railroads and Water Works in New Hamp-
shire ; was elected Mayor of Manchester in 1868,
1870, 1871, and 1874, and was Governor of New
Hampshire in 1871 and 1874.
Wetheredf John, — He was born in Maryland,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1843 to 1845.
Whaley, Kellian V. — Was born in Onondaga
County, New York, May 6, 1821. While yet young
he removed with his father to Ohio, received a limited
education, and, when twenty-one years old, settled
in Western Virginia, devoting himself to the lumber
and mercantile business. W^hen the Rebellion broke
out he took the Union side of the question, and was
elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on
the Committee on Invalid Pensions. He afterwards
acted as an Aid to Governor Pierpoint in organizing
and equipping regiments, and was in command at the
battle of Guyandotte, when he was taken prisoner, in
November, 1861. After traveling with his captors
sixty miles toward Richmond, he made his escape,
and arrived safely at Catlettsburg, Kentucky, and was
soon able to resume his seat in the House of Repre-
sentatives. He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth
Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Invalid Pensions, and as a member of the Committee
on Agriculture. He was also a Delegate to the
" Baltimore Convention " of 1864. Re-elected to the
Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Revolutionary Claims, and as a member
of that on the Death of President Lincoln. He was
also a member of the National Committee appointed
to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to
Illinois. In 1868 he was appointed Collector at
Brazos de Santiago, Texas.
Whallon, Reuben, — Born in New Jersey, and
was a Representative in Congress from New York
from 1833 to 1835, and died in Essex County, New
York, April 15, 1843, aged sixty-six years.
Wharton, Jesse, — He represented the State of
Tennessee in Congress from 1807 to 1809, and was a
United States Senator in 1814 and 1815, when he was
458
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
superseded by J. Williams. He died at Nashville,
July 22, 1833.
WhartoUf Satnuel, — He was born in 1732 ;
signed the Non-Importation Resolutions of 1765 ; was
a member of the City Councils of Philadelphia, of the
Committee of Safety in the Revolution, of the Colonial
and State Legislatures of Pennsylvania, and of the
Continental Congress in 1782 and 1783. He died about
the year 1810.
WheatoUf Henry, — Born in Providence, Rhode
Island, November 27, 1785 ; graduated at Brown
University in 1802 ; studied law both in this country
and Europe ; settled in New York City, where he
wrote for the press while practicing his profession,
and began, in 1815, the publication of his works on
International Law, which took a foremost position
among that class of writings. In 1816 became Re-
porter of the " Decisions of the Supreme Court," and
issued twelve volumes ; wrote also for the leading
Reviews ; was a member of the Convention in 1821,
which formed the Constitution of New York ; in 1825
assisted in revising the Laws of New York ; in 1826
he published the ' * Life of William Pinckney ; " in
1827 he was appointed Charge d'AfEaires to Den-
mark ; in 1835 became Minister Resident to Prussia,
and subsequently Minister Plenipotentiary to the
same country ; one of his most popular books was
the " History of the Northmen," and his legal writ
ings were numerous and very highly appreciated. In
1819 he received from Brown University the degree
of LL.D. ; the same from Hamilton College in 1843 ;
and also from Harvard College in 1845. He died at
Dorchester, Massachusetts, March 11, 1848. His
"Elements of International Law" is a work of the
highest standard in its department of learning.
WheatoUf Hor'ace, — He was born in New
York, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1843 to 1847.
Wheat on, Lahan, — He was born at Marshfield,
Massachusetts, and graduated at Harvard University
in 1774. He studied both theology and law. He was
a County Judge and a Representative in Congress
from 1809 to 1817. He died at Norton, Massachu-
setts, March 23, 1846, aged ninety-two years.
Wheeler, Ezra, — He was born in Chenango
County, New York, in 1820 ; emigrated to Berlin,
Wisconsin, in 1849 ; adopted the profession of law ;
in 1852 he was elected to the Legislature of Wiscon-
sin ; in 1854 he was elected to the oflBce of County
Judge, holding the same for eight years ; and he was
elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the
Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee
on the District of Columbia.
Wheeler, Grattan H, — He was a native of
New York and a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1831 to 1833. He was also a member
of the State Assembly from Steuben County for four
years, and one year a member of the State Senate.
Wheeler, John, — Born in 1823, at Darby, Con-
necticut ; received a good commercial education, and
at the age of twenty entered the mercantile business
in New York City ; he subsequently engaged in hotel-
keeping, which he followed at the time of his elec-
tion and daring his service as a member of Congress,
having been a Representative from 1853 to 1857 from
New York.
Wheeler, John H, — ^He was born in 1806 at
Murf resborough, North Carolina ; after a classical
education at Columbian College, near Washington
City, at which he graduated in 1826 ; he studied law.
and was licensed by the Supreme Court of North
Carolina in 1827 ; entered the House of Commons as
a member from his native county, and served four
years successively ; was appointed by President Jack-
son, Superintendent of the United States Branch
Mint in 1836, at Charlotte, North Carolina. In 1842
he was elected Treasurer of the State of North Caro-
lina. In 1852 he was appointed Minister-Resident to
the Republic of Nicaragua, in Central America,
during the foray of Walker, and his position was one
of much peril and responsibility. He is the author
of the " History of North Carolina," published in
1852. He also compiled a "Legislative Manual "in
1874 for the State of North Carolina. Resides in
Washington City, and is engaged in condensing and
collating the Debates of Congress.
Wheeler, William A, — Was born in Malone,
Franklin County, New York, in 1820 ; was a member
of the class of 1842 of the University of Vermont,
but did not graduate ; adopted the profession of law ;
in 1850 and 1851 he was elected to the State Legisla-
ture ; in 1857 and 1858 to the State Senate ; and in
1860 was elected a Representative from New York to
the Thirty-seventh Congress. He was for many years
engaged in the banking business, and was President
of the Ogdensburg and Rouses' Railroad Company.
He was also a Delegate to the "State Constitutional
Convention " of 1867, and was elected its President.
He was elected to the Forty-first and three subse-
quent Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Com-
mittees on Commerce and the Pacific Railroad, of
which he was Chairman.
Whidden, benjamin F, — He was a citizen of
New Hampshire, and in 1862 he was appointed a
Special Commissioner and Consul-General to Hayti.
IVhipple, diaries W, — He was born in New
York, and was among the earliest emigrants to Mich-
igan from the East, and for many years was well
known throughout the State as a faithful officer and
jurist. He was frequently elected to the State Legis-
lature, and in 1836 and 1837 was Speaker of the House
of Representatives. He held various positions of
trust and honor, having long been Judge of the Su-
preme Court, and a member of the Convention of
1850 which framed the present Constitution of the
State. He died at Detroit, October 25, 1856.
Whipple, Thomas, — He was born in Berkshire
County, Massachusetts ; was bred a physician, and
served the State of New Hampshire as a Representa-
tive in Congress from 1821 to 1829. He died at
Wentworth, New Hampshire, January 23, 1835, aged
fifty years.
Wliipple, William, — Born in Kittery, Maine,
in 1730 ; was educated at a common English School ;
commenced active life as a sea-captain ; in 1759 he
settled at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in the mer-
cantile business ; in 1775 he was a member of the
Provincial Congress ; in 1776 of the Provincial Coun-
cil ; and was a Delegate to the Continental Congress
from New Hampshire from 1776 to 1779, and one of
the signers of the Declaration of Independence. In
1777 he entered the army, served with distinction in
several campaigns, and rose to be a Brigadier-Gen-
eral ; in 1782 he was appointed Financial Receiver for
New Hampshire, serving two years, when he resign-
ed ; and also held the offices of Judge of the Superior
Court, and Justice of the Peace and Quorum ; and
was a Commissioner on behalf of Connecticut to
settle the land difficulties in Wyoming Valley. Died
November 28, 1785.
Whitcomh, James, — Was born in 1795. He
removed with his father to Ohio in 1806 ; had a
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
459
country-school education, and prepared himself for
<;ollege by teaching school, and graduated at Tran-
sylvania University with the highest honors. He
studied law, and settled in practice in Bloomington,
Indiana, in 1824. In 1826 he was appointed Prose-
cuting Attorney, and in 1830 was chosen a member of
the State Senate, and served five years. He was ap-
pointed Commissioner of the General Land Ofiice in
1836 ; and in 1841 returned to the practice of his pro-
fession at Terre Haute, Indiana ^ in 1843 he was
chosen Governor of the State, and was re-elected in
1846. He was elected a Senator of the United States
in 1849, for the term ending in 1855, which position
he held until his death, which occurred in New
York, October 4, 1852. He was much interested in
the American Bible Society, of which association he
was Vice-President.
JVhite, Jiddison, — He was born in Kentucky,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1851 to 1853.
TV/lit e, Albert S, — Was born in Blooming Grove,
Orange County, New York, October 24, 1803 ; gradu-
ated at Union College, in 1822 ; studied law, and was
admitted to the bar, at Newburg, in 1825 ; removed
to Indiana in 1829 ; and was a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1837 to 1839 ; was a
Senator in Congress from 1839 to 1845 ; during his
service in Congress, he was instrumental in securing
grants of land for the Wabash and Erie Canal ; and,
after leaving Congress, he abandoned politics, and
turned his attention to the railroad business, becom-
ing President of th6 Wabash and Indianapolis, and
of the Lake Erie, Wabash, and St. Louis Companies.
Earlier in life he was for five years Clerk of the In-
diana House of Representatives ; and was elected a
Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-seventh
Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on
Foreign Affairs, and Chairman of a Select Committee
on Emancipation. After leaving Congress, he was
appointed, by President Lincoln, a Commissioner to
settle certain claims against the Sioux Indians. In
January, 1864, he was appointed, by President Lin-
coln, Judge of the District Court of Indiana. He
died in Stockwell, Indiana, September 4, 1864.
TVhite, Alexander, — He was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress from Virginia from 1786 to
1788, and a Representative in Congress from 1789 to
1793, and distinguished for his eloquence and patriot-
ism. He died at Woodville, Berkely County, Vir-
ginia, in 1804, aged sixty-six years. He was one of
those who voted for locating. the Seat of Government
on the Potomac, and was a Commissioner to arrange
for erecting the public buildings in Washington.
White, Alexander, — He was born in Franklin,
Tennessee, October 16, 1816 ; removed to Alabamaf
when five years of age ; was educated at the Univer-
sity of Tennessee ; volunteered for the Creek and
Seminole War in 1836 ; studied law with his father,
John White, late Circuit and Supreme Court Judge of
Alabama, and practiced the profession twenty-five
years ; was a member of the Thirty-second Congress ;
a member of the Alabama State Convention in 1865 ;
a member of the General Assembly in 1872 ; elected
to the Forty- third Congress, serving on the Committee
on the Judiciary. In 1875 he was elected an Associ-
ate Justice of the United States Court for the Terri-
tory of Utah.
Whitef Allison, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
December 21, 1816 ; received a common-school educa-
tion ; studied law, and practiced his profession for
twelve years. He was elected a Representative from
Pennsylvania to the Thirty-fifth Congress from the
Fifteenth Congressional District of that State, and was
Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures on the
Public Buildings.
White f JBartow W, — He was born in Westches-
ter County, New York, and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1825 to 1827.
White, l^enjainin, — He was born in Maine ; a
farmer by occupation ; and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1844 to 1845. During
the years 1841 and 1842 he was also a member of the
Maine Legislature.
White, Campbell I*. — Was bom in New York ;
for many years a prominent merchant in that city ;
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1829 to 1835. He also took a leading part in the
" New York Convention " of 1846. He died February
12, 1859, leaving an exalted reputation for abilities,
and sterling qualities of heart and manners.
White, Chilton A. — Was born in Georgetown,
Brown County, Ohio, February, 1826 ; studied law
with General Thomas L. Hamer, under whom he
served one year as a private soldier in Mexico ; was
admitted to the bar in 1848, and settled in his native
town. In 1852 and 1853 he was the Prosecuting At-
torney for Brown County ; in 1859 and 1860 he was
chosen a Senator in the State Legislature, but before
the expiration of his second term he was elected a
Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Public Expendi-
tures. He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures,
and Expenditures in the Post-Office Department.
White, David. — He was one of the Judges of
the Circuit Court of Kentucky, and represented that
State in Congress from 1823 to 1825. He died in
Franklin County, Kentucky, February 17, 1835, aged
fifty years.
White, Edward D, — He was Governor of Lou-
isiana from 1824 to 1830 ; Representative in Congress
from 1829 to 1834, and from 1839 to 1843. Died in
New Orleans, Louisiana, April 18, 1847.
White, Fortune C, — He was born in Whites-
town, Oneida County, New York, in 1787 ; received a
classical education ; studied law, and came to the bar
at an early age ; was Chief Judge of Common Pleas
and Quarter Sessions of Oneida County from 1837 to
1848 ; had previously served with credit as a military
man in the war of 1812 ; first as Captain at Sacketts
Harbor in 1813, and as Aide-de-camp to the Command-
ing General in 1814. Died at Whitestown, August
27, 1866. His father, Hugh White, was the founder
of Whitestown, and a Representative in Congress.
White, Francis, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia, his native State, from 1813 to
1815.
White, Hugh, — He was born in New York in
1799, followed the plow until he was nineteen
years of age, and was a Representative in Congress
from his native State from 1845 to 1851. A success-
ful man of business, and died near Troy, October 6,
1870.
White, Hugh Lawson,—B^e was born in Ire-
dell County, North Carolina, October 30, 1773 ; re-
moved'with his father to Knox County, Tennessee,
in 1786 ; volunteered as a private soldier during the
Indian hostilities in 1792. In 1794 he went to Phila-
delphia, and pursued a coarse of mathematical
studies, and then went to Lancaster, Pennsylvania,
and studied law. He commenced the practice of his
460
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
profession at Knoxville, in 1796. In 1801 he was ap-
pointed Judge of the Supreme Court of the State
and served until 1807. In 1808 he was appointed
District Attorney, and in 1809 was elected to the
State Senate ; he again served six years in the Su-
preme Court as Judge, and in 1815 was chosen Presi-
dent of the State Bank of Tennessee. In 1820 he was
again a member of the State Senate, and about that
time was appointed by President Monroe, a Commis-
sioner to adjust the claims of our citizens against
Spain. He was elected a Senator in Congress from
1825 to 1835, and from 1836 to 1840, serving on one
occasion as President pro tern, of the Senate, and on
important committees. At the election for President
of the United States, in 1836, he received all the
votes (twenty-six) of Georgia and Tennessee. He
resigned his seat in the Senate in 1839, having re-
ceived instructions to vote against his own judgment.
Soon after reaching his home, in Knoxville, he died
April 10, 1840.
JVIiitef tTaines, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Tennessee from 1792 to 1794.
JVhite, Jaines W» — He was born in Limerick,
Ireland, in 1807 ; educated at the Dublin University ;
emigrated to the United States in 1823 ; and settled
in New York as a lawyer ; was the founder and origi-
nal editor, under the influence of Archbishop Hughes,
of the New York Freeman's Journal, and he was
made a Judge of the Superior Court, and also of the
Supreme Court of the State. Died at Sufferns, New
York, June 12, 1867.
White f tfohn, — He was born in 1805 ; served
from 1835 to 1845 as a Representative in Congress
from Kentucky, and was Speaker of the House dur-
ing the Twenty seventh Congress. He was Judge of
the Nineteenth Judicial District at the time of his
death, whicli occurred at Richmond, Kentucky, by
suicide, September 22, 1845. His talents and attain-
ments were of a high order.
White f Joseph JL, — Was born in Cherry Valley,
New York ; studied law in Utica, and settled in In-
diana ; was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1841 to 1843. After leaving Congress he
settled in New York City, and practiced his profes-
sion with success. He subsequently entered into an
India-rubber speculation, and while on a business
visit to Nicaragua, he was shot by a drunken man,
from the effects of which he died in January, 1861.
White, Joseph M, — He was born in Franklin
County, Kentucky, and was a Delegate to Congress
from the Territory of Florida from 1823 to 1837, and
died at St. Louis, Missouri, October 18, 1839 while
on a visit to his brother. He was an eminent lawyer, ■
and noted for his eloquence and acquirements.
White, Joseph W, — Was born in Cambridge,
Guernsey County, Ohio, October 2, 1822 ; studied law,
and came to the bar in 1844 ; in 1845 and 18^17 he
was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for his native
county ; and was elected a Representative from Ohio
to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Mileage, and Expenditures in the Treas-
ury Department.
White, Julius, — He was a citizen of Illinois ;
served as a General in the Volunteer Army during
the Rebellion ; and in 1872 was appointed Minister-
Resident to the Argentine Confederation, but soon
declined the position ; in about six months there-
after, he was again commissioned to the same office,
went to South America, and again resigned in 1874,
after which he settled in Chicago.
White, Leonard, — Born in Haverhill, Massa-
chusetts, in 1767. He was a fellow-student of John
Quincy Adams, and at Harvard they were of the class
of 1787. He was for many years Town Clerk and
Treasurer, and represented his town in the Legisla-
ture, and his district in Congress from 1811 to 1813,
and then he was appointed Cashier of the Merrimack
Bank, which office he held until the infirmities of age
obliged him to retire. He died in Haverhill, October
10, 1849.
White, JPhillips, — He was a Delegate from New
Hampshire to the Continental Congress in 1782 and
1783.
White, JPhilo, — He was a citizen of Wisconsin,
and in 1853 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to
Ecuador, and from 1854 to 1858 he held the position
of Minister-Resident.
White, JPhineas, — He graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1797, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Vermont from 1821 to 1823. He was
Rejrister of Probate in the town of Pomfret from
1800 to 1809 ; County Attorney in 1813 ; served eight
years in the two branches of the State Legislature ;
and died in 1847, aged seventy-seven years. He was
born in Hampshire County, Massachusetts.
White, Samuel, — Was a United States Senator
from Delaware from 1801 until his death, which oc-
curred at Wilmington, Delaware, November 4, 1809,
aged thirty-nine years.
White, TJiomas, — He was at one time the Pre-
siding Judge of a Judicial District in Pennsylvania ;
member of the Peace Congress of 1861 ; and died in
Indiana, Pennsylvania, July 22, 1866, in the sixty-
seventh year of his age.
Whitefleld, Jatnes, — He was a native of Geor-
gia ; removed to Mississippi at an early day ; served
as a soldier in the war of 1812 ; also in the Creek
War; was Governor of Mississippi from 1851 to 1852 ;
and during the late Rebellion, acted as Funding
Agent for the Confederate Government. Died at
Columbus, Georgia, June 30, 1875, at an advanced age.
Whitehead, Ira C» — He was born near Morris-
town, New Jersey, in 1798 ; graduated at Princeton
College in 1816 ; studied law, and came to the bar in
1821 ; and in 1841 he was called to the Bench of the
Supreme Court of New Jersey, which position he
held until his death, which occurred at Morristown,
August 27, 1867.
Whitehead, Thomas, — He was born in Clif-
ton, Nelson County, Virginia, December 27, 1825 ; at-
tended a grammar-school ; studied law, admitted to
the bar in 1849 ; was editor of an agricultural news-
paper ; appointed Commissioner in Chancery ; elected
for Amherst County in 1866 ; removed by order of
the Military Governor in 1868 ; re-elected in 1869, and
resigned in 1873 ; was elected to the State Senate in
1865, but did not qualify ; was commissioned Lieu-
tenant of Cavalry in 1861 ; elected Captain in
1862, and promoted to be Major of the Second Vir-
ginia Cavalry in 1865 ; and elected to the Forty-third
Congress, serving on the Committees on Education
and Labor.
Whitehill, James, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1814, when
he resigned. He was also Judge of a County Court,
and a General of Militia. Died at Strasburg, Pennsyl-
vania, March 5, 1822, at a very advanced age.
Whitehillf John, — He was a Representative in
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
461
Cong-ress from Pennsylvania from 1803 to 1807.
Died in 1815 aged ninety-four years.
WhiteJilllf JXobert, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1805 to 1813, the
year in which he died.
W hitehoiise, John O. — He was born in Roches-
ter, New Hampshire, July 19, 1817 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; worked on a farmi ; in 1835
went to the State of New York, and has resided at
Brooklyn and Poughkeepsie ; was a merchant and
manufacturer ; was elected to the Forty-third Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Civil Service, and
re-elected to the Forty-fourth Congress. In Decem-
ber, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the Commit-
tee on the Civil Service.
Whitelei/f Richard Henry. — He was born in
Ireland, December 22, 1830, and emigrated to Georgia
in 1836 ; engaged in the manufacturing business ;
studied law, and came to the bar in 1860 ; was op-
posed to secession ; entered the Confederate Army in
1861, and surrendered in 1865 ; was elected to the State
Constitutional Convention in 1867 ; was appointed
Solicitor-General of the South-western Circuit in 1868 ;
was elected in 1870 United States Senator for the
term ending in 1871 ; and was elected to the Forty-
first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Congresses, serv-
ing on the Committees on Manufactures and Public
Expenditures.
Whifeley, William G. — Born in Newark,
New Castle County, Delaware ; graduated at Nassau
Hall, Princeton, in 1838. He was a lawyer by profes-
sion, and was elected a member of the Thirty-fifth
Congress from Delaware, serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Agriculture. He was re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same Commit-
tee, and also on the Special Committee of Thirty-
three on the Rebellious States.
Whiteside f Jenhins, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from Tennessee from 1809 to 1811, and died
September 24, 1822.
Whiteside^ John, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1815 to 1819.
JVhitefieldf J, W, — He was born in Tennessee,
and was a Delegate from the Territory of Kansas to
the Thirty-fourth Congress.
Whitfield, James, — He was Governor of Missis-
sippi from 1851 to 1852.
WJiitinfff George C, — He was born in Fauquier
County, Virginia, December 29, 1816 ; soon after re-
ceiving a good education, he went with his father to
Washington ; in 1838 he was appointed a clerk in the
General Land Office ; was made Chief Clerk of that
office, and held it several years ; in 1857 he was ap-
pointed Commissioner of Pensions, and continued in
the position until 1861 ; and was subsequently a Gen-
eral Adviser and Assistant of the Secretary of the
Interior Department, where his long experience in
public affairs made him eminently useful to the
Government. He was a popular and highly capable
officer, and a prominent member of the Masonic Fra-
ternity, having been for eight years Grand Master of
the District of Columbia. He died in Washington,
September 4, 1867.
Whiting f Hichard H, — Born in Hartford, Con-
necticut, January 7, 1826, where he received a com-
mon-school education ; removed to Illinois in 1848,
where he engaged in business as a merchant ; served
as Pay -master in the Federal Army during the war ;
was appointed by President Grant, Assessor, in 1870,
and upon the consolidation of the offices. Collector of
the Fifth Collection District of Illinois, which posi-
tion he held until elected to the Forty-fourth Congress
from Illinois.
Whitm^an, EzeMel,— Bom in East Bridgewater,
Massachusetts, March 11, 1776 ; graduated at Brown
University in 1795 ; settled as a lawyer in the District
of Maine in 1798 ; he was Chief Justice of the Com-
mon Pleas and also of the Superior Court of Maine,
presiding as such for twenty-five years ; and was a
Representative in Congress from Massachusetts from
1809 to 1811, and from 1817 to 1821 ; and was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from Maine from 1821 to 1823.
He was also a member of the Executive Council of
Maine in 1815 and 1816, and a member of the Conven-
tion to form a Constitution in 1819. Died in East
Bridgewater, Massachusetts, August 1, 1866.
Whitman f Lemuel, — He was a graduate of
Yale College in 1800 ; was a Representative in Con-
gress from Connecticut from 1823 to 1824 ; and died
at Farmington, November 18, 1841.
Whitmore, George W, — He was born in Mc-
Minn County, Tennessee, August 26, 1824 ; received
a good education ; removed to Texas in 1848 ; studied
and practiced law ; was a member of the State House
of Representatives in 1852, 1853, and 1858 ; was im-
prisoned by the Rebels on account of his political
sentiments, and kept in prison until a board of sur-
geons pronounced his release necessary ; was appoint-
ed Attorney of the Ninth District in 1866 ; appointed
Register in Bankruptcy in 1867 ; and was elected to
the Forty-first Congress.
Whitney f Thomas M, — He was born in New
York City in 1804 ; served two years in the Assembly
of that State, and was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1855 to 1857^ He devoted much
of his life to literary pursuits, having been at one
time editor of the New York Sunday JS'ews, and was
the author of a poem called the " Ambuscade," and a
political work entitled ' ' The American Policy Vindi-
cated." He died April 12, 1858.
Whitson, W, C, — He was born in Indiana, and,
having emigrated to Idaho, settled at Lewiston, and
in 1874 was appointed an Associate Justice of the
United States Supreme Court for the Territory of
Idaho. Died in Omaha, Nebraska, December 25,
1875.
WhittaJcer^ John, — He was the first Governor
of Oregon after it became a State, serving as such
from 1859 to 1862.
Whittemore, Benjamin F, — Born in Maiden,
Massachusetts, in 1824 ; received an academical edu-
cation ; during his youth he was employed in a man-
ufacturing establishment belonging to his father ; on
becoming of age he traveled extensively in Europe
and South America, as well as California ; subse-
quently became a minister in the Methodist Church ;
served as a Chaplain in the army during the Rebel-
lion ; after the war settled himself in South Carolina,
and identified himself with the educational interests
of the State ; was Chairman of the Republican State
Committee ; a Delegate to the new State "Constitu-
tional Convention " of 1867 ; was the founder and
editor of the New Era, published in Darlington ; was
also a member of the State Senate ; and was subse-
quently elected a Representative from South Corolina
to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee
on Education and Labor. Re-elected to the Forty-
first Congress, serving on the Committee on Recon-
struction, but left under a cloud.
462
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Wliittemoref Ellas, — He was born in Rocking-
ham County, New Hampsliire, and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from New York from 1825 to 1827.
Whitthomef Washington C — He was born
in Marshall County, Tennessee, April 19, 1825 ; grad-
uated at the East Tennessee University in 1843 ;
studied law ; was a member of the State Senate for
four years ; elected in 1859 to the Lower House of
Tennessee and made presiding officer ; was Assistant
Adjutant-General in the Provisional Army of Tennes-
see in 1861, and was afterwards Adjutant-General of
the State, which position he held until the close of
the War ; his disabilities were removed by Act of
Congress approved in 1870 ; and elected to the Forty-
second, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses. In
December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the
Committee on Naval Affairs.
Whittlesey f Elisha, — He was born in Wasb-
ington, Connecticut, October 19, 1783 ; he spent a
part of his boyhood on a farm ; received an academ-
ical education ; studied law ; and in 1806 removed to
the Western Reserve of Ohio, from which District he
was a Representative in Congress from 1823 to 1839.
He served in the war of 1812 as Aide-de-camp to
General E. Wadsworth ; was for sixteen years a
Prosecuting Attorney ; and was elected to tlie Legis-
lature in 1820 and in 1821. He was appointed by
President Harrison Auditor for the Post-Office De-
partment, and, by President Taylor, was appointed
First Comptroller of the Treasury, which office he
continued to hold until the accession of President
Buchanan. He was reappointed to the same position
by President Lincoln in 1861. Died in Washington,
January 7, 1863.
Whittlesey, FredericTc, — He was born in Wash-
ington, Connecticut, in June, 1799 ; graduated at
Yale College in 1818 ; studied law, and was admitted
to the bar at Utica, New York, in 1821 ; settled in
Rochester in 1822 ; was a Representative in Congress
from 1831 to 1835 ; in 1839 he was chosen Vice-
Chancellor of the Eighth Judicial District of New
York, and retained the office eight years ; he was
also a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State ; and
in 1850 he was elected Professor of Law in Genesee
College. He died in Rochester, New York, Septem-
ber 19, 1851.
Whittlesey f Thomas T, — He was bom in Con-
necticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1817 ; and
was a Representative in Congress from his native
State from 1836 to 1839.
IVIiittlesey i William A, — He was born in Con-
necticut ; graduated at Yale College ; studied law,
and settled in practice in Ohio ; and was a Represent-
ative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1851.
WhytCf William Pinkney. — Born in Balti-
more in 1824 ; received a classical education, and en-
tered into mercantile life ; graduated at the Law De-
partment of Harvard University and came to the bar in
1846 ; in 1847 he was elected to the Maryland House of
Delegates ; in 1853 he was elected State Comptroller ;
was a Delegate to the "New York National Conven-
tion " of 1868, and soon afterwards was appointed a
Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of Rev-
erdy Johnson, resigned. He is a grandson of William
Pinkney. He served on the Committees on Public
Buildings and Grounds, and Mines and Mining. Re-
elected to the Senate for the term commencing in
1875 and ending in 1881.
WicJCf William W, — Born in Canonsburg,
Washington County, Pennsylvania, February 23,
1796. He received a classical education, and was pur-
suing a collegiate course when the death of his father
threw him upon his own resources. He then fol-
lowed the occupation of a teacher, and devoted his
leisure hours to the study of medicine until 1818,
when he was induced to adopt the law as his profes-
sion, and prosecuted his studies with the Hon.
Thomas Corwin, and located for practice in Fayette
County, Indiana, in 1820. He was that year Assist-
ant Clerk of the House of Representatives, and in
1821 Assistant Secretary of the State Senate. In 1822
he was chosen President Judge of the Fifth Judicial
Circuit, and in 1825 became Secretary of State ; in
1829 he was Attorney for the State in the same cir-
cuit, from which office he retired in 1831, and was
President Judge for three years ; in 1839 he was again
elected a Representative in Congress, and again in
1845 and 1847 ; in 1850 he was again chosen President
Judge, and from 1853 to 1857 Postmaster at Indian-
apolis. He served in the Militia of the State as Brig-
adier-General, Quartermaster and Adjutant-General.
In 1857 he resumed the practice of the legal profes-
sion. Died in Franklin County, May 19, 1868.
WickeSf Eliphalet, — He was a Representative
in Congress from New York from 1805 to 1807.
WicTxliffCf Charles A. — He was born in Bards-
town, Kentucky, June 8, 1788 ; was educated at the
Bardstown grammar-school ; studied law, and at-
tained a high position at the bar. In 1812 he was
appointed Aid-de-camp to General Winlock, and dur-
ing the same year was elected to the State Legisla-
ture, and re-elected in 1813. He was at the battle of
the Thames as Aid to General Caldwell, after which
he was again elected to the Legislature, where he
continued until elected to Congress from Kentucky,
in 1823, and to which he was four times re-elected.
He was for several sessions Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Public Lands. On his retirement from Con-
gress, in 1833, he was again elected to the Legisla-
ture, and was Speaker in 1834 ; in 1836 he was elect-
ed Lieutenant-Governor of Kentucky ; on the death
of Governor Clark, in 1839, he became Acting Gov-
ernor, and in 1841 was appointed Postmaster-General
by President Tyler. In 1845 he was sent, by Presi-
dent Polk, on a secret mission to Texas, to look after
annexation ; in 1849 he was a member of the Conven-
tion called to Revise the State Constitution ; and in
1861 he once again became a Representative in Con-
gress from Kentucky, having previously occupied a
seat in the " Peace Convention " of February in that
year, and served to the close of the Thirty-seventh
Congress. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago
Convention " of 1866. In 1869, after practicing law
for fifty-eight years, and when blind, he delivered
his last legal argument. Died in Maryland, October
31, 1869.
Wichliffe, Hohert, J'r, — He was a citizen of
Kentucky, and in 1843 he was appointed Charge
d' Affaires to Sardinia, where he remained until 1848.
Died in Kentucky, August 29, 1850.
Wichliffef Mobert C. — He was bom in Ken-
tucky, and having removed to Louisiana, was Gov-
ernor of that State from 1858 to 1860.
Widgery, William, — He was Lieutenant of a
Privateer in the Revolutionary war ; served in the
Massachusetts Legislature in 1789, 1791, 1793, 1794,
and 1797 ; a State Councilor in 1806 and 1807 ; Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas from 1813 to 1822 ;
and a Representative in Congress from Massachu-
setts from 1811 to 1813. He was born in Philadel-
phia in 1753, and died in Boston, August 7, 1822.
Wigfallf Lewis T, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from Texas from 1859 until that State seceded,
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
463
when he became identified with the great Rebellion
as a Brigadier-General. Was expelled from the Sen-
ate in July, 1861 ; and after the war he settled in
London. Declined by letter to give the author any
information.
Wigginton, P. J). — Born in Springfield, Illi-
nois, September 6, 1839 ; received a common-school
education, and graduated at the University of Wis-
consin ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1860 ;
and having removed to California, in 1864 he was
elected District-Attorney for Merced County, in that
State ; and in 1875 he was elected a Representative
from California to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Wike, Scott, — Born in Meadville, Crawford
County, Pennsylvania, April 6, 1824 ; removed with
his parents to Quincy, Illinois, in 1838 ; and to Pike
County, in that State, in 1844 ; entered Lombard
University in 1854, and graduated in the Scientific
Department in 1857 ; studied law in Harvard Univer-
sity, graduated and admitted to the bar in 1859, com-
menced to practice at Pittsfield, Illinois, and has pur-
sued the profession ever since. In 1862 he was elect-
ed to the Legislature, and again in 1864, serving till
1867. In 1874 he was elected a Representative in
the Forty-fourth Congress from Illinois.
Wilberf David, — He was born in Schenectady
County, New York, October 5, 1820 ; received a com-
mon-school education ; worked as a farm laborer ;
cultivated land on shares, became the owner of real
estate, and was interested in the lumber trade and
farming ; was for several years interested in the Sec-
ond National Bank at Cooperstown, and the bank at
Oneonta, and elected to the Forty-third Congress,
serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures.
JVilbuVf Isaac, — Born in Rhode Island ; was
for many years Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
of the State, and in 1806 was Acting Governor. He
was a Reptresentative in Congress from Rhode Island
from 1807 to 1809.
WilcoXf tTeduthun, — Born in New Hampshire
in 1769, and died at Orford, in the same State, in
July, 1838. He was a Representative in Congress
from 1813 to 1817.
Wilcox f tToJin A, — He was born in North Caro-
lina, and, on removing to Mississippi, was elected a
Representative in Congress from that State from
1851 to 1853.
WilcoQCf Leonard — He was a native of New
Hampshire ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1817;
was a member of the State Legislature ; was a Judge
of the Superior Court ; and was a Senator in Con-
gress from New Hampshire during the years 1842
and 1843. He died in 1850, aged fifty years.
Wilde f Michard Henry, — He was born in the
City of Dublin, September 24, 1789. His childhood
was passed in Baltimore. His father having died,
he obtained the rudiments of learning from his mo-
ther and a private tutor, and in his eleventh year was
placed as a clerk in a store ; in 1802 he went with his
mother to Augusta, Georgia, and the twain obtained
a living by merchandising, in a small way ; the boy
devoting all his leisure to books. Under many diffi-
culties, he studied law, and practiced with success ;
also devoted himself to polite literature ; as an Advo-
cate he rose to eminence ; was made Attorney-Gen-
eral of Georgia ; and, in 1815, was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State ; was re-elected
in 1823, and again in 1827, serving with marked abil-
ity until 1835. After leaving Congress he visited
Europe, and on his return devoted himself to litera-
ture, politics, and law. In 1843 he removed to New
Orleans, where he added to his reputation as a law-
yer, and was elected Professor of Constitutional Law
in the University of Louisiana. He died in New Or-
leans, September 10, 1847, leaving a reputation com-
posed of the elements of the statesman, the orator,
and the poet. One of his lyrics, entitled " My Life is
like a Summer Rose," attracted the praise of Lord
Byron. His literary productions were quite numer-
ous, and they all bear the impress of a gifted and
highly educated mind. His principal work was a
" Life of Tasso," which evinced his familiarity with
Italian literature, and gave him a rank among the
best scholars.
WildCf Samuel Sumner, — Bom at Taunton,
Massachusetts, February 5, 1771 ; graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1789 ; was admitted to the bar in
1792 ; practiced in Waldsborough, Warren, and Hal-
lo wel, Maine ; removing to the latter place in 1799,
after representing Warren County two years in the
Legislature ; in 1814 was State Councilor. He was
one of the Delegates to the " Hartford Convention ;"
Judge of the Massachusetts Supreme Court from
1815 to 1850. In 1820 removed to Newburyport, and
in 1831 to Boston. He was a Delegate from New-
buryport to the " State Constitutional Convention " of
1820 ; member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences.
He received the degree of LL.D. from Bowdoin Col-
lege in 1817, and from Harvard University in 1841.
Wilder f A, Carter, — He was born in Mendon,
Worcester County, Massachusetts, March 18, 1828 ;
in 1850 removed to Rochester, New York, and in 1857
to Kansas, where he was engaged in mercantile pur-
suits ; was a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention"
in 1860 ; and in 1862 he was elected a RepresentatiA'e
from Kansas to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on
the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was also a Dele-
gate to the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864. Died
in San Francisco, California, December 23, 1875.
WildmaUf Zalmon, — He was from Danbury,
Connecticut ; and was elected a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1835 to 1836. He died
at Washington, District of Columbia, December 10,
1835, before the expiration of his term.
Wildrickf Isaac, — He was born in New Jersey,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1849 to 1853.
Wiley f flames S, — He was born in Maine ; grad-
uated at Waterville College in 1836 ; studied law ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Maine
from 1847 to 1849.
Wilkes f Charles, — Was born in New York City
in 1801 ; appointed Midshipman in 1818 ; Lieutenant
in 1826 ; Commander in 1843 ; Captain in 1855 ; Com-
modore in 1862 ; Rear-Admiral, retired list, in 1866.
In 1830 was appointed to the Department of Charts
and Instruments ; in 1838 left Norfolk, Virginia, in
command of five vessels for an exploring expedition
to the South Seas ; after visiting the islands of the
Pacific they discovered the Antarctic Continent, when
they coasted westward for more than seventy de-
grees. For this and other contributions to science,
he received a gold medal from the Geographical
Society of London. The explorations included the
Hawaiian group and the northwest coast, and he
reached New York harbor in June, 1842. In 1861
was sent in the San Jacinto to look after the Confed-
erate steamer Sumter. Took Messrs. Slidell and
Mason from the British Mail Steamer Trent, Novem-
ber 8, and took them to Boston ; he was thanked by
Congress and received the applause of the people,
but his course was disapproved by the President. In
464
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
1863, while commanding the flotilla on the James
River, he destroyed City Point. He afterwards com-
manded a squadron in the West Indies and captured
many blockade-runners. He was the author of
" Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedi-
tion," in five volumes, " Voyage round the World,"
etc., and a concise account of the same ; "Western
America," " Meteorology of the Exploring Expedi-
tion," and " Theory of Winds."
WilJciUf James TV. — Born in 1763 ; graduated
at Princeton College in 1785 ; was a member of the
Legislature of New York in 1800 ; and held many
other places in the gift of his fellow-citizens ; and
was a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1819.
He died at Goshen, New York, February 33, 1845.
Wilkirif Saimiel J» — He was born in New
York ; graduated at Princeton College in 1813 ; and
was a Representative in Congress from New York
from 1831 to 1833 ; having been in the State Assem-
bly from Orange County in 1834 and 1835. He was
also the Whig candidate for Lieutenant-Governor on
the ticket with Millard Fillmore. Died in Goshen,
Orange County, New York, March 11, 1866, aged
seventy-six years.
WilhinSf Moss, — He was born in Pennsylvania ;
educated for the bar in that State ; and removed to
the West at an early day, with a commission in his
pocket from President Jackson, as a Federal Judge
for the Territory of Michigan. In 1837, and on sev-
eral subsequent occasions, he was appointed a Regent
of the State University. Aside from exerting much
influence in his judicial capacity, he has always
taken an interest in the public affairs of the State ;
and he presided over the first war-meeting held in
Detroit after the commencement of the Rebellion.
He was many years ago appointed a Circuit Judge,
and remained in office until the summer of 1870,
when he voluntarily retired from the bench, and is
now resting from his long judicial labors in the City
of Detroit.
WilkinSf William, — He was born in 1779 ; was
a Senator in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1831
to 1834 ; a Representative in Congress from 1843 to
1844 ; Secretary of War from 1844 to 1845 under
President Tyler ; and was appointed Minister Pleni-
potentiary to Russia in 1834. He subsequently held
the office of Judge of the United States District
Court for Western Pennsylvania, and died near Pitts-
burg, June 33, 1865.
Wilhinson, James, — Born near Benedict, Ma-
ryland, in 1757 ; studied at the Medical School of
Philadelphia in 1773 ; entered the Revolutionary
Army after the battle of Bunker Hill ; was made
Captain by Washington in 1776, and served under
Arnold in the Northern Army ; he became Brigadier-
General, and bore to Congress the announcement of
Burgoyne's surrender ; was appointed Secretary of the
Board of War ; but being implicated in the Conway
Cabal, he resigned that position and was appointed
Clothier-General to the Army ; after the war he set-
tled in Lexington, Kentucky, and engaged in mer-
cantile pursuits ; in 1791 he was appointed to the
command of an expedition on the Wabash ; in 1793
commanded the right wing of Wayne's Army ; re-
ceived Louisiana from the French in 1803, as joint
Commissioner with Claiborne ; was Governor of Lou-
isiana Territory from 1805 to 1807 ; was General-in-
Chief of the Army, and remained at the head of the
Southern Department until court-marshaled in 1811 ;
and was honorably acquitted ; in 1813 was appointed
Brevet Major-General ; in 1813 Major-General, and,
after effective service at Mobile, was ordered to the
northern frontier ; his service in Canada was unsuc-
cessful on account of disagreement with General
Wade Hampton, and he was again court-marshaled
and acquitted. After the war he removed to Mexico,
where he purchased large estates. He died near the
City of Mexico, December 38, 1835.
WilJ^insoUf Morton S, — Was born in Skene-
ateles, Onondaga County, New York, January 33,
1819 ; received an academical education, working oc-
casionally upon his father's farm ; in 1837 he removed
to Illinois, and was employed for two years upon the
railroad works then commenced in that State ; re-
turned to his native town, studied law, and was ad-
mitted to the bar, after which he removed to the
West again, and settled at Eaton Rapids, in Michigan;
in 1847 he settled in Minnesota, and in 1849, when
that Territory was organized, he was elected to the
Legislature, and the laws adopted by the Territory as
its code were of his draughting ; and in 1859 he was
chosen a Senator in Congress from Minnesota, for the
term ending in 1865, serving as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Revolutionary Claims, and as a member of
the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was also a Dele-
gate to the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864, and to
the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.
Was subsequently elected to the Forty-first Congress
as a Representative from Minnesota, serving on the
Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Ninth Census.
Willardf Ashhel JP, — He was Governor of In-
diana from 1857 until his death in 1861.
Willardf Charles W, — He was born in Lyn-
don, Caledonia County, Vermont, June 18, 1837 ;
graduated at Dartmouth College in 1851 ; studied
law and came to the bar at Montpelier in 1853 ; was
elected Secretary of State in 1855, and declined a re-
election ; was elected a State Senator in 1860 ; became
the editor, in 1861, of the Oreen Mountain Freeman ;
and in 1868, he was elected a Representative from
Vermont to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the
Committees on Foreign Affairs and Revolutionary
Pensions. Re-elected to the Forty- second Congress,
serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolution-
ary Pensions and War of 1813.
Willardf George, — He was born in Bolton, Ver-
mont, March 30, 1834 ; received a liberal education ;
was a Professor for two years in Kalamazoo College ;
was editor and publisher of the Battle Creek Journal;
a member of the Michigan Board of Education from
1857 to 1863 ; made Regent of the University in 1863 ;
was a member of the State Constitutional Conven-
tion ; was a Delegate to the National Republican Con-
vention in 1873, and elected to the Forty-third and
Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committees
on Coinage, Weights, and Measures, and Civil Service.
Willardf John, — Born in 1793 ; adopted the
profession of law ; in 1836 became a Judge and Vice-
Chancellor of the Circuit Court of New York ; in 1847
he was chosen a Justice of the Supreme Court of the
State for eight years ; in 1861 elected to the State
Senate, and prepared the Act of 1863, restoring the
death penalty and repealing all former statutes on
that subject. Died at Saratoga, September 1, 1863.
Willardf JohnD, — He graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1819 ; came to the bar in New York in
1833 ; was for several years Judge of the Circuit
Court ; subsequently a member of the State Senate ;
was made a Doctor of Laws by his alma mater ; and
died in Troy, October 9, 1864. He left a legacy of
1,000 to Dartmouth College.
Willepf Calvin, — Born at East Haddam, Con-
necticut, September 15, 1776 ; he read law, and was
admitted to the bar in 1798 ; he served in the State
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
465
Legislature and Senate a number of years, and was
Postmaster at Stafford Springs eight years ; Judge of
Probate for seven years ; in 1824 he was a Presiden-
tial Elector ; and a Senator in Congress from 1835 to
1831. He died at Stafford, Connecticut, August 23,
1858.
Willey, JVaitman T, — Was born on Buffalo
Creek, Monongalia County, Virginia, October 18,1811 ;
received a common-school education, and graduated
at Madison College in 1831 ; studied law, and came
to the bar in 1833 ; in 1841 he was elected Clerk of
the Monongalia County Court ; subsequently Clerk of
the Circuit Court, holding the two fourteen years ; in
1850 he was elected to the Convention to Reform the
Constitution of Virginia ; in 1853 he delivered a se-
ries of lectures on Methodism, took part in various
local societies, lectured on various topics, and wrote
for the Reviews ; in 1858 he was a Delegate to the
"National Convention" of that year; in the winter
of 1860 and 1861 he was a Delegate to the "Rich-
mond Convention ; " and in 1861 he was elected by
the reorganized Legislature of Virginia, a Senator in
Congress ; and at the close of that year was a Dele-
gate to the Wheeling "Constitutional Convention ;"
and in 1863 he was elected a Senator in Congress from
West Virginia, serving on the Committees on Naval
Affairs, the District of Columbia, and Engrossed Bills.
In 1863 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him
by Alleghany ('ollege of Pennsylvania. In 1864 he
was re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing
in 1865 and ending in 1871, serving as Chairman of
the Committee on Patents and the Patent Office, and
also of that on Claims. He was also a Delegate to
the Philadelj)hia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.
Williams f Alpheus S. — Born in Saybrook, Con-
necticut, September 20, 1810 ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1831, and then traveled two years in Europe ;
settled in Detroit, Michigan, in 1836, and there prac-
ticed law ; from 1840 to 1844 was Judge of Probate
for Wayne County ; was also Recorder of the City of
Detroit, and from 1843 to 1847 he was the proprietor
and editor of the Detroit Daily Advertiser. He served
through the Mexican War as Lieutenant-Colonel ; in
1849 was appointed Postmaster of Detroit by Presi-
dent Taylor. When the war began he was made Ma-
jor-General of Militia, and was President of the State
Military Board ; he was subsequently appointed a
Brigadier-General in the national army, and per-
formed much service on the upper Potomac ; had
command of a Division at Winchester ; was at Cedar
Mountain and Manassas ; after the Battle of South
Mountain succeeded Banks as Corps Commander ;
commanded the Twelfth Corps at Antietam ; was in
the battles of Chancellorville and Gettysburg, and
went through the Atlanta campaign. While with
Sherman in the "March to the Sea," he was bre vetted
a Major-General for gallant and meritorious services ;
was afterwards on duty in Arkansas, and was mus-
tered out in 1866. He was a Commissioner to settle
Military Claims for Missouri ; from 1866 to 1869 he
was Minister-Resident to San Salvador ; and in 1874
he was elected a Representative from Michigan to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
WilliafnSf Andrew, — Born in Canada, August
27, 1828 ; received a common-school education ; be-
gan business as a manufacturer of bloom iron, in
1855, in which he has since largely engaged. He is a
director in the New York and Canada Railroad ; and
never held any public office until elected Representa-
tive from New York to the Forty-fourth Congress.
WilliamSf Archibald, — He was born in Ken-
tucky ; settled in Illinois ; and was appointed Judge
of the United States Court for the District of Kansas,
residing at Topeka.
IFilliaTfiSf benjamin, — He was a native of
North Carolina ; a patriot of the Revolution ; and a
member of Congress from 1793 to 1795. He also
served many years in the State Legislature, and was
twice elected Governor of North Carolina, in 1799 and
1807. He died in Moore County of that State.
Willia/mSf Charles G, — He was bom in Royal-
ton, New York, October 18, 1829 ; received a good edu-
cation, and studied law at Rochester ; removed to
Wisconsin m 1856, and practiced his profession ; was
a Presidential Elector in 1868, and elected to the State
Senate for two years, and chosen President pro tern.;
was appointed in 1870 chairman of a committee to in-
spect the various charitable and penal institutions of
the State ; and elected to the Forty-third and Forty-
fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on
Foreign Affairs.
Williams^ Charles Kilbourne, — Born at
Cambridge, Massachusetts, January 24, 1782 ; grad-
uated at Williams College in 1800 ; studied law, and
practiced in Rutland County, Vermont. In 1812
served during one campaign on the Northern frontier;
between 1809 and 1821 was several times Representa-
tive, and again in 1849 ; State Attorney in 1814 and
1815, and Judge of the Supreme Court from 1822 to
1824, and from 1829 to 1842 ; Collector of Customs for
the District of Vermont from 1825 to 1829 ; Chief Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court from 1843 to 1846, and ex-
officio Chancellor of the State ; President of the
Council of Censors in 1847 ; and Governor from 1850
to 1852. Received the degree of LL.D. from Middle-
bury College in 1834. Died at Rutland, Vermont,
March 9, 1853.
Williams f Christopher H, — He was born in
Tennessee ; and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1837 to 1843, and again from
1849 to 1853.
Williams f David H, — He was a Representative
in Congress from South Carolina from 1805 to 1809,
and again from 1811 to 1813, in which year he was
appointed by President Madison Brigadier-General.
He was also Governor of South Carolina from 1814 to,
1816.
Williams f George H, — He was born in Colum-^
bia County, New York, March 23, 1823 ; received an
academical education in Onondaga County, studied'
law, and on being admitted to the bar in 1844 imme-
diately emigrated to Iowa ; in 1847 he was elected.
Judge of the first Judicial District of that State ; was
a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; from President Pierce
he received, in 1853, the appointment of Chief Jus-
tice of the Territory of Oregon, and was reappointed
by President Buchanan in 1857, but resigned ; was a
member of the "Constitutional Convention" which
preceded the formation of a State Government ; and
in 1864, he was elected a Senator in Congress from
Oregon for the term commencing in 1865 and ending
in 1871, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary,
on Claims, on Private Land Claims, on Finance, and
the Special Committees on the Rebellious States and
Retrenchment, and as Chairman of the Committees
on the Expenses of the Senate and Private Land
Claims. He was also a member of the National Com-
mittee to accompany the remains of President Lincoln
to Illinois. In 1871 he was appointed a member of
the Commission to settle the Alabama Claims ; and in
1872 went into President Grant's Cabinet as Attorney-
General. In 1873 he was nominated for Chief Jus-
tice of the United States Supreme Court, but was
withdrawn. Resigned in May, 1875.
WilliamSf Henry, — He was born in Taunton,
Massachusetts, in November, 1804 ; adopted the pro-
4GG
BIOGRAPHICAL ANXALS
fession of law ; and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1839 to 1841, and from 1843 to
1845. He was also a Senator for two years ; and a
Representative in the State Legislature for three
years.
Willi anis, JETezeJciaJi, — He was bom in Wood-
stock, Windsor County, Vermont ; graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1820 ; studied law ; was Register of
Probate from 1824 to 1838 ; a State Senator from 1839
to 1841 ; and was a Representative in Congress from
Maine from 1845 to 1849. He died October 24, 1856,
aged fifty-eight years.
Williams f Isaac, tTr. — He was a native of
New York ; and was a Representative in Congress
from that State from 1814 to 1815, and from 1817 to
1819, and again from 1823 to 1825.
Williams f James, — Born in Philadelphia, of
Delaware parentage, August 4, 1825 ; attended school
in that city ; settled in Delaware, as a farmer, in 1844;
in 1856 and 1862 he was elected to the State Legisla-
ture ; in 1866, to the State Senate, and made Speaker
in 1869 ; was a member of the Baltimore Convention
of 1872 ; and in 1874 he was elected a Representative
from Delaware to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Williams, James D. — Bom in Pickaway
County, Ohio, January 8, 1808 ; removed with his
parents to Knox County, Indiana, in 1818 ; received a
common-school education, and engaged in the busi-
ness of farming and stock-raising ; was elected to the
State Legislature in 1843, 1847, 1851, 1856, and 1868 ;
was elected State Senator in 1858, and served four
years ; re-elecied in 1862 for four years, and again in
1870 ; was a member of the State Board of Agricul-
ture for seventeen years, serving four years of the
time as President ; in 1874 was elected a Representa-
tive to the Forty-fourth Congress from Indiana. In
December, 1875, he was appointed Chairman of the
Committee on Accounts.
Williams, James W, — He was a native of
Maryland, and was for many years a prominent mem-
ber of the Legislature of that State, being for a time
Speaker of the House of Delegates in 1839. In May,
1841, he was elected to Congress as a Representative,
and continued a member of that body until the time
of his death, in December, 1842. While on his way
to Washington, December 2, 1848, he was stricken
with paralysis, while in his carriage, and survived
the attack but a short time. His age was about fif-
ty-five years.
Williams^ Jared, — He was born in Montgom-
ery County, Maryland, March 4, 1766, and died in
Frederick County, Virginia, January 2, 1831. In 1811
he was elected to the House of Delegates of Virginia
and served a number of years ; and he was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Virginia from 1819 to
1825. In 1829 he was a Presidential Elector, voting
for General Jackson, and was appointed by the Elec-
toral College to transmit the vote to Washington.
When not in public life, he was devoted to the pur-
suits of agriculture.
Williams, Jared W. — He was bom in Xew
Hampshire ; graduated at Brown University in 1818;
settled as a lawyer in Lancaster ; and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1837 to
1841 ', and a Senator in Congress from 1853 to 1854,
by appointment, in place of C. G. Atherton, deceased.
He was Governor of Xew Hampshire from 1847 to
1849 : served several terms in the State Legislature ;
and died in Lancaster, New Hampshire, September
29, 1864.
Williams, Jeremiah y, — Born in Barbour
County, Alabama, in April, 1829 ; graduated at the
University of South Carolina ; studied law and adopt-
ed the profession ; entered the Confederate service as
a major, but ill health forced him to retire ; in 1872
he was elected to the Legislature, but was not allowed
j to take his seat ; and in 1874 he was elected a Repre-
' sentative from Alabama to the Forty-fourth Con-
gress.
Williams, John, — He was bom in Hanover
County, Virginia ; removed to North Carolina, and
was one of the first Judges under the State Constitu-
tion from 1777 to 1790 ; and was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress from North Carolina in 1778
and 1779. He died in Granville County, North Caro-
lioa, October, 1799.
Williams, John, — He was a member of the
New York Senate from 1777 to 1779, and from 1783
to 1795, from Washington County ; of the Assembly
from 1781 to 1782 ; and a Representative in Congress
from New York, from 1795 to 1799.
Williams, John, — He was a Senator in Con-
gress from Tennessee from 1815 to 1823, and was
highly respected for his talents and character. He
died at Knoxville, August 7, 1837.
Willi am s^ John, — He was a citizen of Tennes-
see, and in 1825 was appointed Charge d' Affaires to
Central America, where he remained only about one
year, and returned to the United States.
Williams, John, — He was born in Utica in
1807 ; resided for a time in Sacketts Harbor, and then
removed to Rochester in 1824 ; although generally
engaged in mercantile pursuits, he was, in 1842,
chosen an Alderman of Rochester, in 1852 elected
Mayor of the City, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from 1855 to 1857. In 1871 he v.as made City
Treasurer, and re-elected in 1873 and 1875, and died
in Rochester, March 26, 1875. He always took a great
interest in military affairs, was made a Major-General
! of militia, and rendered good service, during the Re-
j bellion, in raising troops for the War.
Williams, John 31, S, — He was bom in Rich-
! mond, Virginia, August 14, 1818 ; was well educated
i in Boston ; a merchant and shipowner ; a member of
! the State House of Representatives in 1856, and of
the Senate in 1858 ; a Presidential Elector in 1868 ;
and was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving
on the Committees on Post-Office and Post-Roads, and
Department of State.
Williams, JonatJtan, — Born in Boston in 1752;
received a good education ; was first in a counting-
house, and then made several commercial voyages to
the West Indies and to Europe. He was a nephew
of Dr. Franklin, and was kindly received by him in
England in 1770 and 1773, and was intrusted with
letters of political importance. He was in France in
1777, and was appointed L'nited States Commercial
Agent, and in 1785 returned with Franklin to the
United States. He was several years a Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas, in Philadelphia ; was ap-
pointed Major of Artillery in 1801, and Inspector of
Fortifications ; and was Superintendent of West Point
Academv ; was Lieutenant Colonel of Engineers in
1802 ; Colonel from 1808 to 1812 ; General of New
York Militia from 1812 to 1815 ; was elected a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Philadelphia in 1814 ; was
Vice-President of the American Philosophical Society.
He was the author of a work "On the Use of the
Thermometer in Navigation," 1799; "Elements of
Fortification," 1801; "Kosciusko's Movements for
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
467
Horse Artillery," 1808.
16, 1815.
Died in Philadelphia, May
Williains, Joseph, — He was an early emigrant
to Iowa, and in 1838 he was appointed a United States
Judg-e for that Territory. He was subsequently ap-
pointed to the same office in Kansas.
Williams f Josepli H, — He was born in Maine,
and was Governor of that State from 1857 to 1858.
Williams, Joseph L, — He was born in Tennes-
see, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1837 to 1843.
William Sf Joseph L, — ^He was born in Tennes-
see, and was appointed from that State an Associate-
Judge of the United States Court for the Territory of
Dakota, residing at Yankton.
Williams f Lemuel, — He graduated at Harvard
University in 1765, and was a Representative in Con-
gress from Massachusetts from 1799 to 1805. He died
in 1827.
Williams , Leivis, — Born in Surry County, North
Carolina ; graduated at the University of North Caro-
lina in 1808 ; entered the House of Commons of his
native State in 1813 ; was re-elected in 1814 ; and was
a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1842,
where, for his many good qualities and his long ser-
vice, he was known as the "Father of the House."
He died in Washington, while representing his State
in Congress, February 23, 1842, aged nearly sixty
years. He was, for fifteen years. Chairman of the
Committee on Claims.
Williams, Marmaduke, — Born April 6, 1772,
in Caswell County, North Carolina ; he was a lawyer
by profession, and served as a Representative in Con-
gress from his native State from 1803 to 1809. In
1810 he removed with his family to Madison Coun-
ty, Alabama, and thence to Tuscaloosa in 1818. He
was repeatedly elected to the Legislature, and was a
Delegate from Tuscaloosa County to the Convention
which formed the State Constitution. Was a candi-
date for Governor, but defeated by William W. Bibb.
In 1826 was appointed a Commissioner to adjust the
unsettled accounts between Alabama and Mississippi,
growing out of their territorial relationship. In 1832
was elected Judge of the County Court, which office
he held until April, 1842, when he resigned, having
attained the age of seventy, which the Constitution
declares a disqualification for the bench. He died in
Tuscaloosa, October 29, 1850.
Williams, Nathan, — He was born in New
York ; served in the State Assembly from Onondaga
in 1816, 1817, and 1818 ; and was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1805 to 1807.
Williams, Reuel, — Born in Hallowell (now Au-
gusta), Maine, June 2, 1783 ; had an academic educa-
cation, and was a lawyer by profession. He was a
Representative and Senator in the Legislature of
Maine for twelve years, and a Senator in Congress
from 1837 to 1843. He received, from Bowdoin Col-
lege, the degree of LL D., and was a Trustee of that
institution. He was a Presidential Elector in 1836.
Died at Augusta in 1862.
Williams, Mobert, — He was born in Caswell
County, Nortli Carolina, and bred to the law. He was
the brother of Marmaduke Williams, and distin-
guished for his attainments; was an Adjutant-Gen-
eral of North Carolina, and a Representative in Con-
gress from that State from 1797 to 1803, and was ap-
pointed Commissioner of Land Titles in Mississippi
Territory in 1803. He was also Governor of the Ter-
ritory of Mississippi from 1805 to 1809. He emigrat-
ed to Tennessee towards the close of his life and died
in Louisiana.
Williams, Samuel Wells, — Born at Utica,
New York, September, 1812 ; studied at the Rensse-
laer School, Troy ; went in 1833 to China as a printer
for the Missionary Board at Canton, and assisted in
editing the Chinese Repository. In 1837, wliile on a
voyage to or from Japan, he obtained from some
shipwrecked Japanese a knowledge of their lan-
guage, translated a treatise on smelting copper from
the original, and made a version of the Book of Gen-
esis and the Gospel of St. Matthew into Japanese.
He contributed to the Chinese Chrystomathy ; pub-
lished " Easy Lessons in Chinese," " English and Chi-
nese Vocabulary," and a " Chinese Commercial
Guide." Returned to New York in 1845 and published
" The Middle Kingdom." From 1848 to 1851 he ed-
ited the Chinese Repository at Canton ; in 1853
and 1854 was interpreter to Commodore Perry's Japan
Expedition ; in 1855 was Secretary and Interpeter to
the United States legation ; frequently served as
Charge d' Affaires ; in 1856 published " Tonic Diction-
ary of the Chinese Language ; " in 1858 assisted in
the negotiations at Tientsen ; in 1859 went to Pekin
to exchange the ratifications, and in 1860 lectured be-
fore the Smithsonian Institution and elsewhere in
the United States. Received the degree of LL.D.
from Union College in 1850 ; returned to New York
in 1875, his last work before leaving China having
been to publish a " Syllabic Dictionary of the Chi-
nese Language."
Williams, Sherrod, — He was born in Ken
tucky, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1835 to 1841.
Williams, Thomas, — Was born in Greens-
burg, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, August
28, 1806 ; graduated at Dickinson College in 1825 ;
studied law, and came to the bar in 1828 ; settled in
Pittsburg, from which place he was sent, as Senator
to the State Legislature in 1838, and the three follow-
ing years ; in 1860 he was re-elected to the lower
house of the Legislature ; and in 1862 he was elected
a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the
Judiciary. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, and on
Coinage, Weights and Measures ; re-elected to the
Fortieth Congress, serving on his old committees, and
was one of the Managers of the Impeachment of An-
drew Johnson.
Williams, Thomas Hill, — Was a native of
North Carolina, and read law, but relinquished the
profession for a clerkship in the War Department at
Washington. In 1805 he was appointed, bj'^ Presi-
dent Jefferson, Register of the Land Office, and Com-
missioner for deciding Land Claims in the Territory
of Mississippi ; he subsequently held the office for a few
years of Collector of New Orleans; and was a Senator
in Congress from Mississippi from 1817 to 1831. Late
in life he removed to Tennessee, and there died.
Williams, Thomas H, — He emigrated to the
northern part of Mississippi soon after the session of
Indian territory in that quarter, and held the office of
a Senator in Congress from Mississippi, during the
years 1838 and 1839, by executive appointment.
Williams, Thomas Scott, — Born at Wetliers-
field, Connecticut, June 26, 1777 ; graduated at Yale
College in 1794 ; studied law at Litchfield ; was admit-
ted to the bar in Windham County in 1799, and com-
menced practice at Mansfield, whence he removed to
468
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Hartford in 1803. In 1809 he was appointed Attor-
ney of the Board of Managers of the School Fund.
He represented the town of Hartford in the General
Assembly for seven terms, from 1813 to 1829 ; and
was elected a Representative in Congress from Con-
necticut from 1817 to 1819. In 1829 he was appointed
an Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of Errors,
and in 1834 was appointed Chief Justice, and in the
same year he received the degree of LL.D. from
Yale College. He was Mayor of the City of Hartford
from 1831 to 1835. In 1847 he resigned his position
as Chief Justice, his term having expired by consti-
tutional limitation. He was for twenty years Presi-
dent of the American Asylum for the Deaf and
Dumb, and Vice-President for a long time of the In-
sane Retreat at Hartford, and of the Board of Foreign
Missions, and subsequently President of the Ameri-
can Tract Society. He lived in retirement at Hart-
ford, until December 15, 1861, when he died, leaving
a much-loved name for his benevolence. Elector in
1848.
JFilliatnSf Thomas W, — Born in Stonington,
Connecticut, September 28, 1789 ; was educated a-t
Plainlield and Stonington Academies ; received a com-
mercial education in New York City, and was en-
gaged in mercantile business in New London, Con-
necticut, for many years. He was a Representative
in Congress from Connecticut from 1839 to 1843 ; a
member of the Legislature in 1846 : and chosen
Presidential Elector in 1848.
WilliamSf Willia^n, — He was born in Leba-
non, Windham County, Connecticut, April 8, 1731 ;
graduated at Harvard Univei-sity in 1751 ; in 1755 he
was commissioned as a Staff Officer, and after one
campaign among the Indians, returned home and
commenced the mercantile business. Soon after he
was elected Tov.'^n Clerk, a member of the Assembly
of Connecticut, and a Justice of the Peace, and was,
for nearly one hundred sessions, member, Clerk, or
Speaker of the House of Representatives. At the
commencement of the war he was a member of the
Council of Safety ; was one of the signers of the
Declaration of Independence ; and a Delegate to the
Continental Congress from 1776 to 1778, and again in
1783 and 1784. When the Government Treasury was
drained, he gave to his country what he called his
" last mite," which amounted to more than two
thousand dollars, and he was very fortunate in ob-
taining donations from others. For forty years he
held the more honorable local offices of his town and
county, and was a member of the Convention which
formed the first Constitution of Connecticut. Died
August 2, 1811, greatly lamented.
Williams^ William, — He was born near Car-
lisle, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, May 11,
1821 ; received a good English education ; adopted
the profession of law, and on removing to Indiana,
was chosen Treasurer of Kosciusko County in 1850 ;
in 1852 was the unsuccessful Whig candidate for
Lieutenant-Governor of the State ; in 1860 he was cho-
sen by the Legislature Director of the Northern In-
diana State Prison ; in 1862 he was commissioned by
the Governor, Commandant of Camp Allen, with the
rank of Colonel ; in 1864 he was appointed an ad-
ditional Paymaster of the United States ; and in
1866 was elected a Representative from Indiana to
the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on
the District of Columbia, Expenditures in the War
Department, and Education in the District of Colum-
bia. Re-elected to the three following congresses,
serving on various committees.
Williams f William, — He was born in Bolton,
Connecticut, September 6, 1815 ; received a good
education; became a banker and railroad president;
elected to the Legislature of New York in 1866 and
1867 ; and to the Forty-second Congress, serving on
the Committees on Indian Affairs, and Territories,
and District of Columbia.
Williams f William B, — He was born in Pitts-
ford, New York, July 28, 1826 ; graduated at the
State and National Law School at Ballston Spa, in
1851 ; admitted to the bar in 1851 ; removed to Michi-
gan in 1855 ; was elected Judge of Probate in 1856
and 1860; was elected to the State Senate in 1866 and
1 868, President pro tern, in 1869 ; elected to the Con-
stitutional Convention of 1867 ; appointed in 1871 a
member of the Board for the Supervisory Control of
the Charitable, Penal, and Beneficiary Institutions of
the State ; and was elected to the Forty-third and
Forty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committees
on the Pacific Railroad, and Revolutionary Pensions.
Williamson, George, — He was a citizen of
Louisiana, and in 1873 was appointed Minister-Resi-
dent to Costa Rica, and also accredited to Guate-
mala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Honduras, but re-
turned home in 1874.
Williamson, Hugh, — Born in Pennsylvania,
December 5, 1735, and died suddenly, May 22, 1819.
He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in
1757 ; studied divinity, and preached two years ; in
1760 was appointed Professor of Mathematics in the
University of Pennsylvania ; resigned in 1764, and
went to Edinburgh to study medicine ; on his return,
in 1772, settled in practice in his profession in Phila-
delphia ; he again visited Europe, and had much to
do with matters connected with the Revolution ; he
subsequently engaged in commercial pursuits, and
an accident took him to Edenton, North Carolina.
With that State he was long and honorably identi-
fied. He served a number of years in the House of
Commons ; also in the Continental Congress from
1782 to 1785, and from 1787 to 1788 ; was a Delegate
to the Convention which formed the Constitution of
United States, and signed the same ; was a Represent-
ative in Congress from North Carolina from 1790 to
1793 ; and was one of those who voted for locating
the seat of Government on the Potomac. In 1811 he
published a work on the Climate of America ; in
1812, a History of North Carolina; and he was asso-
ciated with DeWitt Clinton, in 1814, in forming the
Literary and Philosophical Society of New York. He
enjoyed the respect of all who knew him, and died
universally lamented.
Williamsonf Isaac H, — Born in Elizabeth-
town, New Jersey, in 1769 ; had a common-school
education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1791 ; was Prosecuting Attorney for Morris County.
In 1817 he was a member of the Assembly, and was
Governor and Chancellor of the State from 1817 to
1829, and President of the State Constitutional Con-
vention of 1844. Received the degree of LL.D. from
New Jersey College in 1839. Died in Elizabethtown,
July 10, 1844.
Williamson, John G, A, — In 1835 he was
appointed Charge d' Affaires to Caraccas, and died in
that country August 7, 1840.
Williamson, William D, — Born in Canter-
bury, Connecticut, July 31, 1779 ; graduated at
Brown University in 1804 ; studied and adopted law
as a profession, commencing practice in 1807, at Ban-
gor ; he was for seven years in the Senate of Massa-
chusetts, before the separation of Maine, also Sena-
tor in the Maine Legislature in 1821 ; part of that year
Acting Governor of Maine ; a member of Congress
from Maine from 1821 to 1823 ; a Judge of Probate
from 1827 to 1840 ; and a Bank Commissioner from
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
469
1838 to 1841. He was author, also, of a History of
Maine, Died at Bangor, May 27, 1846.
Willie, Asa H, — He was born in Washington,
Georgia, October 11, 1829 ; removed to Washington
County, Texas, in 1846, and studied law; was relieved
of the disability of non-age, and admitted to the bar
in 1848, and commenced the practice of law ; was
elected in 1852 Attorney of the Third District of Tex-
as ; served in the Confederate Army during the war ;
was elected in 1866 one of the Judges of the Supreme
Court of Texas, and held that office until 1867, when
he was removed by the military authorities ; and
elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on the
Committee on Commerce.
Willing f Thomas, — He was one of the first to
talk about resisting the British in Pennsylvania; was
Chairman of a Revolutionary meeting in June, 1774 ;
and he was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in
1775 and 1776.
Willis f Benjamin A, — Born in Roslyn, Queens
County, Long Island, in 1840 ; graduated at Union
College in 1861, and was at once admitted to the bar ;
in 1862 he entered the army as Captain of a company
raised at his own expense, which was assigned to the
One Hundred and Nineteenth Regiment, New York
Volunteers ; he participated in the battles of Clian-
cellorsville, Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain, and
Wanhatchen, and was twice promoted ; in 1864 was
honorably discharged, and resumed the practice of
law in" New York City ; was an advocate of Reform,
and opened the correspondence in opposition to Tam-
many Hall, which culminated in its overthrow ; he is
a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and
was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth
Congress from New York.
WilliSf Francis, — He was born in Frederick
County, Virginia, January 5, 1725 ; received a good
education, and, removing to Georgia in 1784, he was
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1791 to 1793. In 1811 he took up his residence in
Tennessee, and led the life of a retired gentleman.
He died in Maury County, Tennessee, January 25,
1829.
Willoston, Lorenzo JP, — He was born in New
York ; removed to Pennsylvania and was appointed
from that State an Associate Justice of the United
States Court for the Territory of Dakota.
Willoughhyf Westel, Jr, — He was a Represent-
ative in Congress from New York from 1816 to
1817.
Wilmot, David, — Born at Bethany, Wayne
County, Pennsylvania, January 20, 1814. He was
educated at Bethany Academy, and at Aurora, Cayuga
County, New York ; read law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1834 ; he was a member of Congress from
1845 to 1851 ; and subsequently President Judge of
the Thirteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania,
which position he resigned, but to which he was re-
elected. He was the author of a slavery proviso,
which caused some excitement in Congress when he
was a member. In 1861 he was elected a Senator in
Congress, where he remained until 1863, serving on
the Committees on Foreign Affairs, on Claims, and
on Pensions. He was also a Delegate to the " Peace
Congress" of 1861. In 1863 he was appointed, by
President Lincoln, a Judge of the Court of Claims ;
and died in Towanda, Pennsylvania, March 16,
1868.
WilshirCf William W, — Born in Gallatin
County, Illinois, September 8, 1830 ; received a com-
mon-school education, and studied law; served as a
Major of Volunteers in the war for the Union, and
was at the siege of Vicksburg ; after the war he set-
tled at Little Rock, Arkansas, and entered on the
practice of his profession; in 1867 he was appointed
Solicitor- General of the State ; in 1868 Chief-Justice
of one of the State courts, remaining in office until
1871 ; was a candidate for the Forty -third Congress,
and declared elected by the Secretary of State, but
not admitted to the seat he claimed ; and in 1874 he
was elected a Representative from Arkansas to the
Forty-fourth Congress,
Wilson, Alexander, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Virginia from 1804 to 1809,
Wilson, JSenjamin, — Born in Harrison County,
Virginia (now West Virginia), April 30, 1825 ; re-
ceived an academic education ; attended the law
school at Staunton, and was admitted to the bar in
1848 ; was Attorney for the Commonwealth in Har-
rison County from 1852 to 1860 ; was a member of
the Constitutional Convention of Virginia in 1861 ;
was Presidential Elector for the State at Large in
1868; was a member of the Constitutional Convention
of West Virginia in 1871 ; was a Delegate to the
Convention at Baltimore in 1872 ; and was elected a
Representative from West Virginia to the Forty-
fourth Congress.
Wilson, Edgar C, — He was a native of Virgin-
ia, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State from 1833 to 1835. Died at Morgantown, Vir-
ginia, in May, 1860. Son of Thomas Wilson of Vir-
ginia.
Wilson, Ephraim K, — He was born Decem-
ber 22, 1821, in Maryland ; graduated at Jefferson
College, Pennsylvania, in 1841 ; studied law at Snow
Hill, his birthplace, and practiced the profession ;
was a member of ihe Legislature in 1847 ; a Presi-
dential Elector in 1852, and elected to the Forty-third
Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufac-
tures.
Wilson, Eugene M, — Born in Morgan County,
Virginia, December 25, 1833 ; graduated at Jefferson
College in 1852 ; studied law, and removed to Minne-
sota in 1855 ; was United States District Attorney for
Minnesota from 1857 to 1861 ; served as a Captain in
the war for the Union ; and was elected a Represent-
ative from Minnesota to the Forty-first Congress, serv-
ing on the Committees on Public Lands, and the Pa-
cific Railroads. His father, Edgar C. Wilson, his
grandfather, Thomas Wilson of Virginia, and his
great-grandfather, Isaac Griffin, were all Represent-
atives in Congress.
Wilson, E, K, — He graduated at Princeton Col-
lege in 1789 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1804 ; and
was a Representative in Congress from Maryland
from 1827 to 1831.
Wilson, Henry, — He was born in Dauphin
County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in
Congress from that State, from 1823 to 1826. Died in
Allentown, Pennsylvania, August 14, 1826.
Wilson, Henry, — Born February 16, 1812, in
Farmington, New Hampshire ; was brought up on a
farm ; and when twenty-one went to Natick, Massa-
chusetts, where he learned to make shoes. In 1840
he was elected to the Legislature of Massachusetts,
in which he served four years, and then four years in
the State Senate, of which he was President two ses-
sions. In 1848 he became the proprietor and editor
of the Boston Republican; in 1852 he was the Free
Soil candidate for Congress, but was defeated ; in
470
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
1853 lie was a member of the " State Constitutional
Convention," and lias since then taken an active part
in political Conventions ; and in 1855 he was elected
a Senator in Congress, and was re-elected in 1859 for
a long term. From 1842 to 1851 he was actively con-
nected with the Militia of Massachusetts as Major,
Colonel, and Brigadier-General, In 1861 he raised the
Twenty -second Regiment of Massachusetts Volun-
teers, of which he became Colonel, and after joining
the army of the Potomac, was made a member of
General McClellan's staff, on which he served until
the meeting of Congress. From the commencement
of the war he was Chairman of the Committee on
Military Affairs, which had to pass on eleven thou-
sand appointments, and to devise most important
measures of legislation during the Rebellion. In
1856 he was challenged by Preston Brooks, of South
Carolina, for pronouncing his assault on Senator Sum-
ner " inurderous, brutal, and cowardly ; " but he re-
plied that, while believing in the right of self-defense,
he declined the challenge, as duelling, in his opin-
ion, was a violation of law, and the relic of a barbar-
ous age. He was again re-elected to the Senate for
the term commencing in 1865 and ending in 1871,
and wai made Chairman of the Committee on Pen-
sions, though continuing at the head of the Military
Committee, and serving on the Committee of Appro-
priations. He published a work entitled "Anti-
slavery Measures in Congress," and a " History of the
Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses," as well
as one on the Congressional measures connected with
the prosecution of the war for the Union. He was the
originator of the bill for abolishing slavery in the
District of Columbia, and also that establishing the
American Academy of Sciences. He was also one of
the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the
funeral of General Scott in 1866 ; and he was also a
Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven-
tion " of 1866. In 1873 he was elected Vice-Presi-
dent of the L'nited States on the ticket with U. S,
Grant ; and he died in "Washington City, November
22, 1875. The name of his father was Colbath, but
having been adopted in early life by a man named
Wilson, he preferred to take that name as his own.
Wilson f Hiram V, — He was a Judge of the
United States District Court for the State of Ohio for
many years, and died at Cleveland, November 11,
1866.
WilsoHf Isaac, — During the War of 1812 he
commanded a company of cavalry, and was in some of
the severest actions on the Northern frontier. He was
subsequently elected a member of the Assembly of
New York, and also of the Senate. He was elected a
. Representative in Congress in 1823, and at the end of
his term, his seat having been successfully contested
by P, Adams, was appointed first Judge of Genesee
County, and held it until his removal to Batavia, Illi-
nois, where he died October 25, 1848.
Wilson f James, — Bom near St. Andrews, Scot-
land, in 1742 ; received a classical education, and had
for tutors Doctors Blair and Watts ; emigrated to
Philadelphia in 1766, and became tutor in the college
of that city ; adopted the profession of law, and re-
moved to Reading, and soon afterwards to Carlisle ;
lived a year in Maryland, and then settled in Phila-
delphia ; was an active member of a war convention
in 1773 ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress
from 1775 to 1778, in 1782 and 1783, and from 1785 to
1787 ; was a signer of the Declaration of Independ-
ence ; on the commencement of hostilities he was ap-
pointed a Colonel in the army, and was a Commis-
sioner to treat with the Indians. When not in Con-
gress he acted as Advocate-General for the French
nation ; was a Director in the Bank of North America ;
waj a moinber of the Convention to form the Federal
Constitution, and signed that instrument ; also of that
to alter the Constitution of Pennsylvania, In 1789 he
was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the
United States ; in 1790 he was appointed Law Profes-
sor in the University of Philadelphia ; received the
degree of LL.D. ; and died on August 28, 1798, in
Edenton, North Carolina, while upon a visit to that
place. His writings on Politics and Jurisprudence
enjoy a high reputation. He was the man who pro-
posed that the President and Vice-President should
be chosen in each State by Colleges of Electors.
Wilson^ James. — Born in 1757 ; graduated at
Harvard University in 1789 ; was a lawyer by profes-
sion ; and a Representative in Congress from New
Hampshire from 1809 to 1811. He died at Keene,
New Hamj^shire, January 4, 1839.
Wilson f James, — He was born in York County,
now Adams County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1779 ;
received a good English education ; in his fourteenth
year he was bound to learn the trade of a cabinet-
maker in Maryland ; from 1811 to 1822 he was a Jus-
tice of the Peace ; and was a Representative from
Pennsylvania to the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and
Twentieth Congresses, serving chiefly on the Com-
mittee on Claims. Soon after returning to private
life he was again elected a Justice of the Peace, the
duties of which office he continued to fill until 1859.
It is said of him that he never solicited a vote for an
office, nor attended a political meeting to promote his
own advancement.
Wilson, James, — He was bom in New Hamp-
shire ; graduated at Middlebury College in 1820 ; was
Speaker of the State House of Representatives in
1828, and in the Legislature a number of years ; prac-
ticed law at Keene ; was a General of Militia ; and a
Representative in Congress from New Hampshire
from 1847 to 1849. He subsequently settled in Cali-
fornia.
Wilson, James, — He was bora in Crawfords-
ville, Montgomery County, Indiana, April 9, 1822 ;
graduated at Wabash College in 1842 ; was admitted
to the bar in 1845 ; went to Mexico in 1846 as a pri-
vate in the Indiana regiment, and before his return
home was promoted to the office of Quartermaster ;
and was elected a Representative from Indiana to the
Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Com-
mittee on Elections. He was also re-elected to the
Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Naval Affairs. In 1866 he was appointed by Presi-
dent Johnson, Minister Resident to Venezuela. Died
in August, 1867.
Wilson, James, — He was born in Ayrshire,
Scotland, August 16, 1835 ; came to America in 1851 ;
received a liberal education, and became a farmer ;
was a member of the State Legislature from 1867 to
1873, and Speaker two sessions ; was a Regent of the
State University ; and elected to the Forty-third and
Forty -fourth Congresses, serving on the Committee on
Agriculture and War Claims.
Wilson, James F, — Was born in Newark,
Ohio, October 19, 1828 ; resided there until 1853,
when he removed to Iowa ; in 1856 was elected a
member of the Convention to revise the State Consti-
tution ; in 1857 he was appointed by the Governor of
the State, Assistant Commissioner of the Des Moines
River Improvement ; in 1857 he was elected to the
State Legislature ; in 1859 he was elected to the State
Senate, and in 1861 was President of the Senate; during
that year he was elected a Representative from Iowa to
the Thirty-seventh Congress, for the unexpired term
of S. R. Curtis ; and re elected to the I'hirty-eighth
Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
471
Judiciary. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
continuing at the head of the Judiciary Committee,
serving as Chairman also of that on Unfinished Busi-
ness, and as a member of the Committee on the Air-
line Railroad to New York. Re-elected to the Forti-
eth Congress, serving on his old Committees ; and
was one of the Managers of the Impeachment trial of
Andrew Johnson. In 1869 he was appointed a Com-
missioner for the Pacific Railroad.
Wilson f Ja^nes J, — Born in Essex County,
New Jersey ; for many years editor of the True
American, at Trenton ; and he was a Senator in Con-
gress from New Jersey from 1815 to 1821, when he
resigned, and was apppointed Postmaster at Trenton,
New Jersey, He was also for many years Clerk of
the State Assembly, and died July 28, 1824. He was
also at one time Adjutant-General of the State, and
always a man of influence,
Wilson, Jeremiah M. — He was born in War-
ren County, Ohio, November 25, 1828 ; received a good
education ; studied and practiced law ; was Judge of
Common Pleas from 1860 to 1865 ; Judge of the Cir-
cuit Court from 1865 until elected to the Forty-
second Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-third,
serving on the Committee on the Judiciary and as
Chairman of that on the District of Columbia.
Wilson, tTohn, — He was born in 1777 ; gradu-
ated at Harvard University in 1799 ; studied law, and
attained a high position in his profession ; and was a
Representative in Congress from Massachusetts, from
1813 to 1816, and from 1817 to 1818. He died at Bel-
fast, Maine, July 9, 1848.
Wilson, John, — He was born in York District,
South Carolina, and wa^ a Representative in Congress
from that State, from 1821 to 1827 ; also a Presiden-
tial Elector in 1809.
Wilson, John, — He was born in Ireland, and the
brother of Joseph S. Wilson. Settled in Washington
at an early age ; long held a clerkship in the Post-
Office and Treasury Department ; was Commissioner
of the General Land Office from 1852 to 1856 ; and in
1864 he was appointed Third Auditor of the Treasury,
holding the position several years. He was at one
time extensively associated with the railroad interests
of Illinois ; but subsequently settled in Washington
City, as a claim agent and attorney. Died in Wash-
ington, January, 1876, aged sixty-eight years.
Wilson, John L.—YLe was a native of South
Carolina, and Governor of the State from 1822 to
1824.
Wilson, John T, — He was born in Highland
County, Ohio, April 16, 1811 ; received a common-
school education, and spent his youth upon a farm ;
was twenty-four years engaged in mercantile pur-
suits, and then retired to a farm. In 1861 he raised
a company for the war, and was commissioned as its
Captain ; was subsequently twice elected to the Ohio
Senate, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative
from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the
Committees on Agriculture, and Roads and Canals.
Re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Con-
gresses, serving on various Committees, and Chair-
man of that on Agriculture.
Wilson, Joseph S, — He was a native of Ire-
land, and came to Washington when a boy ; obtained
a position as messenger in the Treasury Department ;
soon became a clerk ; after the organization of the In-
terior Department he became chief clerk of the Gene-
ral Land Office, and in 1860 and also in 1866 he was
appointed Commissioner of that Bureau, holding the
office a number of years and rendering important
services to the Department generally. He was al-
ways fond of books, and by the unusual strength of
his mind became a most accomplished scholar. Died
in Washington.
Wilson, Nathan, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York, from 1808 to 1809.
Wilson, Mobef't, — He was appointed a Senator
in Congress from Missouri, taking his seat in 1861,
and serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad.
Continued in the position until November, 1863. He
was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National
Union Convention " of 1866.
Wilsoti, Stephen F, — He was born in Columbia,
Bradford County, Pennsylvania, September 4, 1821 ;
spent his boyhood on a farm, and received his educa-
tion at Wellsborough Academy, where he was an assist-
ant teacher for one term ; he also, for a while, taught in
a district school at Wellsborough; studied and adopted
the profession of law ; was a borough assessor for
one year ; a school director for six years ; was a Sena-
tor in the State Legislature in 1863 and 1864, and
though returned to the State Senate, was elected a
Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-
ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolu-
tionary Claims, and Public Buildings and Grounds.
Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chair-
man of the Committee on Enrolled Bills and on that
on Education and Labor.
Wilson, Thomas, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Virginia, from 1811 to 1813. Died
January 24, 1826.
Wilson, Thomas,-^e was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1813 to 1817. Died
at Erie, October 4, 1824, aged fifty-three years.
Wilson, Thomas S, — He was an early emigrant
to Iowa Territory, and in 1838 he was appointed
United States Judge for that District.
Wilson, William, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1814 to 1819.
Wilson, William, — He was born in Hills-
borough County, New Hampshire, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Ohio from 1823 to 1827.
Died in the latter year, aged fifty-fi.ve years.
Winans, James January, — Born in Mays-
ville, Kentucky, June 7, 1818 ; removed with his
father to Ohio in 1819 ; he received a common-school
education ; worked on a farm, and acted as a clerk in
Ohio, and also in Kentucky, until 1837 ; studied law
and came to the bar in 1841 ; in 1845, he was appoint-
ed Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas in Greene
County, resigning in 1851 ; in 1857, he was elected to
the State Senate ; in 1863, he was elected a Repre-
sentative in the Legislature ; in 1864, he was elected
a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for two years,
and re-electt;d, in 1866, for a full term of five years ;
and in 1868, he was elected a Representative from
Ohio to the Forty-first Congress, serving on the Com-
mittees on Public Lands, and Revolutionary Pen-
sions.
Winchester, JBoyd, — He was born in the parish
of Ascension, Louisiana, September 23, 1836 ; educated
at Centre College, Kentucky, and at the University
of Virginia, and graduated at the Law University in
Louisville, Kentucky, in 1857 ; in 1867, he was
elected to the Senate of that State ; was a Presiden-
tial Elector in 1868, and also elected a Representative
from Kentucky to the Forty-first and Forty-second
^o
47:;
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Congresses, serving on the Committee on Roads and
Canals.
Whichesterf tTames, — He was born in Mary-
land in 1756 ; was appointed Judge of the District
Court of the United States in Maryland in 1799 ;
entered the army as a Colonel from Tennessee, in
March, 1812 ; was made a Brigadier-General in
March, 1813, and had command of a detachment
under General Harrison, and met with great disaster
on the River Raisin in January, 1813, when he was
compelled to surrender to the British forces, and
became a prisoner and was carried into Canada and
confined for about a year in Quebec, with his subor-
dinate officers. He was subsequently on duty in
Mobile, Alabama, under General Jackson, In March,
1815, he resigned his commission in the army, and
after living in retirement in Tennessee, died there
July 27, 1826.
Winder^ Levin, — He was appointed Major of
the Maryland Regiment in 1777 ; and was a Lieuten-
ant-Colonel at the close of the Revolutionary War.
Prior to 1812 was Speaker of the House of Delegates,
and from 1812 to 1815 was Governor of Maryland ; in
1816 was a member of the State Senate, and was a
General of Militia, and Grand-Master of Masons of
Maryland. Died in Baltimore, July 7, 1819, aged
sixty-three years.
TVincleVf William, — He was the first man
appointed to take charge of the office of Fourth Aud-
itor, in 1798, at which time the officer was called
Accountant of the Navy.
Windonif William, — Born in Belmont County,
Ohio, May 10, 1827 ; received an academic education;
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1850 ;
was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Knox County in
1852 ; removed to Minnesota in 1853, and was elect-
ed a Representative from that State to the Thirty-
sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee
on Public Lands and of the Special Committee of
Thirty-three. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on Public Expendi-
tures ; and also to the Thirty -eighth Congress, serving
as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and
of the Special Committee to visit the Indian Tribes of
the West in 1865. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth
Congress, serving on the Committee on the Death of
President Lincoln, and again at the head of the Com-
mittee on Indian AflEairs, and as Chairman of a
Special Committee on the Conduct of the Commis-
sioner of Indian Affairs. He was also a Delegate to
the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866;
and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving
on old committees. In 1870 he was appointed a
Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of D. S.
Norton, and subsequently elected for the term ending
in 1877, serving as Chairman of Committees on
Enrolled Bills, Transportation, and member of Ap-
propriations.
Winfield, Charles H, — He was born in Craw-
ford, Orange County, New York, April 22, 1822 ;
studied law and came to the bar in 1846 ; he was for
six years District Attorney for Orange County, from
1850 to 1856 , and in 1862 he was elected a Represent-
ative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims.
Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress. In 1865 he
was Chairman of the State " Democratic Convention "
previous to its final organization. In the Thirty-
ninth Congress he served on the Committees on
Foreign Affairs, and on Coinage, Weights and
Measures, and Ways and Means.
Wiufff Austin E, — He was born in Hampshire
County, Massachusetts ; was a Delegate to Congress
from the Territory of Michigan from 1828 to 1832 ;
resided at Monroe, and was for many years a leading
man in all its local affairs. He died at Cleveland,
Ohio, August 25, 1849.
Wing, IE, JRiimsey, — He was born in Kentucky,
in 1845 ; well educated ; adopted the profession of
law ; and from 1869 to 1875 he was Minister-Resi-
dent to Ecuador. Died in Quito, October 11, 1874.
He acquitted himself with great credit in South
America, and was especially noticed by S. S. Cox, in
a speech on the floor of Congress, for his ability and
usefulness.
Winffafe^ Joseph F, — He was born in Massa-
chusetts ; was a member of the Legislature of that
State in 1818 and 1819 ; Collector of Customs at
Bath, Maine, from 1820 to 1824 ; member of the Maine
Legislature in 1825 and 1826 ; and was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Maine from 1827 to 1831.
Wingate, JPaine, — He was born at Amesbury,
Massachusetts, May 14, 1739 ; graduated at Harvard
University in 1759 ; ordained as a Congregational
minister at Hampton Falls, New Hampshire, in 1763 ;
and afterwards removed to Stratham, and engaged in
agricultural pursuits. He was appointed a member
of Congress under the Confederation in 1787 ; after
the adoption of the Constitution he was elected a
member of the United States Senate, in 1789, and
served till 1793, when he was elected a Representa-
tive in Congress, in 1793, serving until 1795. In 1798
he was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court of
New Hampshire, and continued in office till May,
1809, when he attained the age of seventy. He sur-
vived all others who were members of the United
States Senate at the time of his taking his seat in
that body upon its first organization ; and he was for
some years the oldest graduate of his college. He
was a man of talents and extensive information,
highly esteemed and respected for his character and
his honorable and useful life. He died at Stratham,
New Hampshire, March 7, 1838.
Winlockf tToseph, — He was a native of Ken-
tucky, and received a thorough scientific education,
devoting himself especially to astronomy. He was
for several years connected with the Coast Survey,
and engaged in making calculations for the Nautical
Almanac. In 1866 he was elected Director of the
Harvard College Observatory ; in 1869 had charge of
important observations at Shelby ville, Kentucky ;
and in 1870 went to Spain to observe the solar eclipse
of that year. He achieved great success in using
photography for astronomical purposes, and was the
author of many meritorious publications connected
with his favorite science. He died at Cambridge,
Massachusetts, in June, 1875.
Winslow, Warren, — He was born in Fayette-
ville. North Carolina, January 1, 1810 ; entered
Chapel Hill University, and graduated in 1827 ; hav-
ing studied law, was soon afterwards admitted to the
bar. In 1854 he was appointed, by President Pierce,
a confidential agent to Madrid, on business connected
with the Black Warrior affair ; during his absence
abroad he was nominated for the Senate of North
Carolina, was elected a member thereof, and placed
in the chair of Speaker ; while in that position, Gov-
ernor Reid was elected to the United States Senate,
and the duties of Governor devolved upon and were
performed by Mr. Winslow. He was elected to the
Thirty-fourth Congress, serving on the Committee on
Naval Affairs ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth
and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a member of
the Committee on Naval Affairs, and on the Library,
and on the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
47:
Rebellious States. He was offered, by President
Buchanan, the mission to Sardinia, but declined. He
died at Fayetteville, in 1863.
Winston f J'ohn A, — He was Governor of Ala-
bama from 1853 to 1857.
Winston^ JosepJi, — Born in Virginia, in 1746.
In 1760 joined a company of rangers, and marched to
the frontier of the State ; in a battle on the Green-
brier, was twice wounded, and had a horse killed
under him ; had a pension granted to him by the
Legislature, for his gallantry in battle ; in 1766 re-
moved to North Carolina ; took an active part in the
Revolution; raised a regiment, and marched against
the Cherokee Indians ; was appointed a Major in
1776, and had various actions with the forces of the
Tories ; commanded the right wing of the American
troops in the battle of King's Mountain, and for his
bravery had a sword voted to him by the Legislature ;
was elected to Congress in 1792, and again in 1803,
and served till 1807. He was also a Presidential
Elector in 1801.
Winter f Elisha J, — He was a Representative
in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815.
Winthropf Robert C. — Born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, May 12, 1809 ; graduated at Harvard Col-
lege in 1828, and studied law with Daniel Webster.
He entered the Legislature of Massachusetts in 1835,
and was Speaker of the House from 1838 to 1840 ;
was a member of the United States House of Repre-
sentatives, from 1840 to 1842, when he resigned on
account of domestic circumstances, but was re-elected
the same year, and continued in that body until 1850,
having been Speaker during the Congress commenc-
ing in 1847. He was appointed to the Senate of the
United States to fill the vacancy occasioned by the
resignation of Mr. Webster, and served from 1850 to
1851. He was President of the Electoral College of
Massachusetts which voted for General Scott ; and
was President of the Historical Society of Massachu-
setts, and other literary and charitable associations ;
also President of the Commissioners chosen by the
City of Boston for building a Public Library. He
delivered the Inaugural of the Franklin Statue in
1856, and also that of the Washington Monument in
1848. He subsequently published a " Memoir of Na-
than Appleton," and the "Life and Letters of John
Winthrop." In 1866 he was chosen a Delegate to
the Philadelphia " National Union Convention," but
did not take part in its proceedings.
Wirtf William, — Born in Bladensburg, Mary-
land, November 8, 1772, of Swiss and German pa-
rents ; obtained his early education at private schools ;
officiated for a time as a private tutor ; studied law,
and came to the bar in 1794, practicing at Culpepper,
Virginia ; in 1799 he was chosen Clerk of the House
of Delegates ; in 1802 appointed Chancellor of the
Eastern District of Virginia ; in 1803 he settled in
Norfolk, and wrote the "British Spy;" in 1806
he settled in Richmond; in 1812 he wrote "The
Old Bachelor," and in 1817 the "Life of Patrick
Henry ; " in 1816 he was appointed by President
Madison, Attorney of the United States for the Dis-
trict of Virginia ; in 1817 he was appointed Attorney-
General of the United States, holding his office until
1829, after which he settled in Baltimore, where he
died, February 18, 1834. In 1824 the degree of LL.D.
was conferred upon him by Harvard College. He
occupied a high rank as a public man and a citizen.
Wise, Henry A., — Born December 3, 1806, in
Drummondtown, Accomac County, Virginia ; gradu-
ated at Washington College, Pennsylvania, at the age
of nineteen ; studied law, and was admitted to the
bar at Winchester, Virginia, in 1828; the same year
removed to Nashville, Tennessee, and practiced his
profession for two years, when, from local attach-
ment, he returned to Accomac, and became a Repre-
sentative in Congress, serving from 1833 to 1844,
when he resigned his seat for the mission to Brazil,
which post he occupied until the fall of 1847. He
was appointed Minister to France in 1843, and re-
signed, but the Senate did not confirm him and he
was immediately returned to Congress. In 1848 he
was one of the Presidential Electors of Virginia. In
1850 he was a member of the Reform Convention of
Virginia, which adopted the present Constitution of
the State. In 1852 he was again Presidential Elector ;
and in 1855 was elected Governor of Virginia, which
office he held until 1860. Served in the great Rebel-
lion as a Brigadier-General.
Wise^ Tully R, — He was born in Virginia ; and
in 1842 he was appointed First Auditor of the
Treasury, remaining in that office until 1844.
Wisner^ Henry, — He was a Delegate from New
York to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776.
Wisnerf Mioses, — He was born in Aurelius,
Cayuga County, New York, in 1818 ; received a good
education ; removed to Michigan in 1839, and settled
upon a farm near the town of Atlas, Lapeer County ;
in about a year afterwards he removed to Pontiac,
and studied law, coming to the bar in 1842. In 1843
he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for Lapeer
County ; but in 1844 resumed the practice of his
profession, and continued in it until 1858, when he
was elected Governor of the State. In 1862 he was
appointed a Colonel in the Volunteer Army, and was
assigned to the command of the Michigan Twenty-
second ; and while on his way to the seat of war, he
was prostrated by sickness in Lexington, Kentucky,
where he died, January 5, 1863. He was a candidate
for Circuit Judge in 1852, but was defeated ; took
little interest in politics; was a man of fine mind, and
a most worthy citizen.
Witeher, John S, — He was born in Cabell
County, Virginia, July 15, 1839 ; reared on a farm,
and received a common-school education ; in 1861, he
was elected Clerk of the Cabell County Circuit Court;
entered the Volunteer Army, in 1862, as a Lieuten-
ant, and rose by degrees to the rank of Brigadier-
General, serving to the end of the war ; in 1865, he
was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1866, as Sec-
retary of State ; and in 1868 he was elected a Repre-
sentative from West Virginia to the Forty-first
Congress, serving on the Committees on Military
Affairs, and Revolutionary Claims.
Witherell, Jaines, — He was born in Vermont ;
received a limited education and adopted the profes-
sion of law. From 1798 to 1803 he was a member of
the State Legislature ; two years a County Judge ;
and a State Councilor from 1803 to 1807. He was a
Representative in Congress from Vermont during the
years 1807 and 1808, and in the latter year was
appointed Federal Judge in the Territory of Michigan,
where he long resided and died. He was a man of
strong native powers of mind.
Wither Sf Robert ^.— Born in Campbell County,
Virginia, September 18, 1821 ; educated at a private
academy and the University of Virginia ; graduated
in medicine in 1841, and began to practice in Danville,
Virginia ; at the breaking out of the civil war he
entered the service as Major, when Virginia passed
the ordinance of secession, and was made Colonel of
the Eighteenth Virginia Regiment in 1861 ; was
severely wounded in the battles around Richmond in
1862 ; subsequently commanded the military post at
474
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
Danville, which was surrendered to the Sixth Army
Corps in May. He was never a candidate for any
public office until after the war. In 1866 he removed
to Lynchburg and edited the N'ews until 1868 ; was
nominated Governor, but withdrew in favor of Gov-
ernor Walker ; was Presidential Elector for the State
at Large in 1873 ; was elected Lieutenant-Governor
in 1878 ; and United States Senator for six years from
March 4, 1875.
Withers f T, I, — He was reputed to be one of the
ablest jurists in the South ; was for a long time
Judge of the Supreme Court of South Carolina ; and
died at Sumterville in that State December 8, 1865.
Witherspoon, tlohn, — Born near Edinburgh,
Scotland, February 5, 1722, and was a lineal descend-
ant of John Knox ; graduated at the University of
Edinburgh in his twenty-first year, and was licensed
as a preacher, assisting his father, who was also a
preacher ; in 1746, while witnessing the battle of
Falkirk, he was arrested and imprisoned ; after his
release, he declined a number of calls from all parts
of the kingdom, but in 1766, through the influence of
Richard Stockton, he was elected President of Prince-
ton College, and came to America. In this new
sphere he was eminently successful. At the com-
mencement of the Revolution he espoused the Amer-
ican cause, and took an active part on committees
and in conventions ; he was a member of the first
" Constitutional Convention " of ISew Jersey in 1776 ;
was a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; and
a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to
1782, and signed the Articles of Confederation. He
served in the Legislature, and at the same time
frequently occupied the pulpit ; revisited Scotland in
1782 ; and on his return retired to private life. Died
at Princeton, November 15, 1794. He left numerous
literary, political, and theological writings ; was dis-
tinguished as an orator ; and left a name that will be
always affectionately remembered by the people of
his adopted State.
Witherspoon, JRobert, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from South Carolina from 1809 to
1811.
Witheij^ Solomon i.— Born in St. Albans, Ver-
mont, April 21, 1820 ; removed to Ohio in 1835,
where he obtained a good English education ; and in
1838 he removed to Michigan and located at Grand
Rapids. In 1839 he began the study of law, and
came to the bar in 1841, and continued in practice
until 1863. In 1848 he was elected Judge of Probate
and held the office four years ; in 1860 he was elected
to the State Senate, and took an active part in pro-
moting effective legislation for putting down the
Rebellion ; and he was appointed by President Lin-
coln United States District Judge for the Western
District of Michigan. In December, 1869, he received
from President Grant a commission as Judge of the
Sixth United States Judicial Circuit, but declined.
For that position he was warmly supported by the
leading members of the bar in Michigan and North-
ern Ohio, and of all political parties, and that fact
alone made him reluctant to decline. In the way of
local positions, he is President of the First National
Bank of Grand Rapids.
WittCf William U, — He was born in New
Jersey, and having settled in Pennsylvania, was elect-
ed a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 1855.
Wolcofff Oliver, — He was the son of Roger
Wolcott, an early Governor of Connecticut, and was
born November 26, 1726 ; graduated at Yale College,
in his twenty-first year ; was immediately commis-
sioned to command a company to defend the frontier ;
afterward studied medicine, and in 1751 was chosen
Sheriff of Litchfield County. In 1774 he was ap-
pointed counselor, and held the office twelve years ;
he was one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence and of the Articles of Confederation ; a
Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to
1778, and from 1780 to 1784 ; as a military man he
rose to the grade of Major-General, and was present
at the capture of Burgoyne ; and in 1775 he was ap-
pointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs for the North-
ern Department. In 1785 he was associated with Lee
and Butler in negotiating a treaty with the Six Na-
tions ; in 1786 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of
Connecticut, holding the office ten years ; and he was
Governor of Connecticut from 1796 until his death,
which occurred in December, 1797, regretted by all
who knew him.
Wolff George. — He was born in Allen Town-
ship, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, August 12,
1777. After pursuing a course of classical education
in his own county, he studied law, became eminent,
and engaged in a lucrative practice. In 1818 he was
elected a member of the Legislature of his native
State ; and he was a Representative in Congress from
Pennsylvania from 1824 to 1829 ; Governor of that
State from 1829 to 1835 ; in 1836 he was appointed
First Comptroller of the United States Treasury ; and
subsequently Collector of Customs of Philadelphia,
in which city he died of an affection of the heart,
March 14, 1840.
Wolff William JP. — He was born in Stark
County, Ohio, December 1, 1833 ; received a common-
school education ; studied law, and removed to Iowa
in 1856 ; admitted to the bar in 1859 ; was Superin-
tendent of Common Schools ; a member of the State
House of Representatives in 1863 and 1864 ; entered
the army as Captain of Infantry ; was severely
wounded in Tennessee ; was re-elected to the State
House of Representatives ; was Assistant Assessor of
Internal Revenue in 1865 ; elected to the State Senate
in 1867 ; and to the Forty-first Congress to fill a
vacancy.
Wolfe, Simeon K. — He was born in Floyd
County, Indiana, February 14, 1824 ; graduated in the
Law Department of the University of Indiana in 1850,
and engaged in the practice of law ; was a Presi-
dential Elector in 1856 ; elected to the State Senate
in 1860, and served four years ; was a Delegate to the
Charleston and Baltimore Democratic National Con-
vention in 1860 ; Colonel of the Indiana Militia in
1861 ; editor and proprietor of the Corydon Democrat
from 1857 to 1865 ; removed, in 1870, to New Albany,
and was elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving
on the Committee on Railroads and Canals.
Woodf A^biel. — He was a distinguished merchant
of Wiscasset, Massachusetts, and a member of Con-
gress from that State from 1813 to 1815. From 1807
to 1811, and in 1816, he was a member of the State
Legislature ; a State Councilor in 1820 and 1821 ;
and a member of the " Constitutional Convention " of
1819. He died at Belfast, Maine, November, 1834,
aged sixty-two years.
Wood, Alan. — Born in Philadelphia in 1834, and
resided there until seventeen years of age, when he
graduated at the Polytechnic Institute in that city ;
took charge of the " Delaware Iron Works " of his
father, and was there six years ; removed to Consho-
hocken, Pennsylvania, and assisted in building the
original mill of the "Schuylkill Iron Works;" is
now interested in the two companies ; is President of
the First National Bank of Conshohocken. In 1874
he was elected a Representative to the Forty- fourth
Congress from Pennsylvania.
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
475
Wood, Amos IE, — Born in Jefferson County, New-
York, in 1810 ; he removed with his father in 1825 to
Portage County, Ohio. In 1833 he settled perma-
nently in Woodville, Sandusky County ; he twice
represented his district in the lower branch of the
Legislature, and once for a term of two years in the
State Senate ; and was elected a Eepresentative in
Congress from Ohio from 1850 to 1852. He died in
Fort Wayne, Indiana, November 19, 1850. He filled
the unexpired term of R. Dickinson ; and the farm
upon which he lived and died was cleared by his own
hands.
JFoodf JBetiJa^nin. — He was born in Shelby-
ville, Kentucky, October 13, 1820 ; received a good
English education ; has acquired some reputation as
a novelist ; and was elected a Representative from
New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress and re-
elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress. He has served
on the Committees on Mileage, and on Invalid Pen-
sions.
Woody IBradfoi^d JR, — He was born in Connec-
ticut ; was well educated, and adopted the profession
of law ; he removed to Albany, New York, and was
a Representative in Congress from that State from
1845 to 1847 ; and in 1861 was appointed by President
Lincoln Minister-Resident to Denmark,
Woodf Fernando, — He was born in Philadel-
phia, of Quaker parentage, June 14, 1812 ; removed
to New York with his father in 1820 ; and early turned
his attention to the shipping business, in which he
was eminently successful, and from which he retired
in 1850. In 1840 he was elected a Representative to
the Twenty-seventh Congress ; in 1854 he was elected
Mayor of New York, and re-elected to the same posi-
tion, serving five years ; in 1862 he was re-elected to
the Thirty -eighth Congress, and also to the Fortieth,
Forty-first, Forty-second, Forty-third, and Forty-
fourth Congresses, serving on many important com-
mittees. In 1875 his friends proposed that he should
be a candidate for Speaker, but he declined the honor.
His brother Benjamin was also a Representative in
Congress.
Wood, George T, — He was appointed Major of
Georgia three months' volunteers in the Creek War,
in 1836 ; Colonel of the Second Texas Regiment of
Mounted Volunteers in the Mexican War, and was
distinguished at the storming of Monterey, and after-
wards member of the Texas Congress; and was Gov-
ernor of Texas from 1847 to 1849. Died on Trinity
River, Texas, Septembers, 1858.
Wood, (Tames, — He was a native of Virginia ;
was a member of the State Constitutional Convention
of 1776 ; was a Colonel of the Virginia Militia in
1776 ; was Lieutenant-Governor and a member of the
Executive Council ; and Governor of the State from
1796 to 1799. A county in Virginia was named after
him, to commemorate his patriotic services.
Woodf John. — Born in Philadelphia in 1816 ;
was educated for the counting-room, in which he had
an experience of twenty -five years, devoting himself
chiefly to the manufacture of iron ; and never held
any public position but that of Representative to the
Thirty- sixth Congress from Pennsylvania, to which
he was elected contrary to his wishes, serving on the
Committee on Public Expenditures.
Wood, Jolm *T, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1827 to 1829.
Wood, tTohn M, — He was born in Minnisink,
Orange County, New York, November 17, 1813 ; re-
ceived a good common-school education ; was a mem-
ber of the Legislature of Maine ; and was for years
occupied as a constructor of railroads and other pub-
lic works. He was elected in 1854 a Representative
from Maine in the Thirty-fourth Congress ; re-elected
to the Thirty-fifth Congress ; and was a member of
the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. Died
in Boston, December 24, 1864.
Wood, Jose2>h, — He entered the Revolutionary
Army as Major of Second Pennsylvania Regiment, and
was sent to Canada, July 4, 1776, and rose to the rank
of Colonel during that year ; was a Delegate from
Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1779.
Died in March, 1789.
Wood, Heuben, — He was born in Rutland Coun-
ty, Vermont, in 1792 ; served as Captain of the Vermont
Volunteers in the war of 1812 ; after the war he re-
moved to Cleveland, Ohio, and settled there in 1817 to
practice the profession of law ; he was a member of
the State Senate from 1825 to 1828 ; was made Presi-
dent Judge of the Third District of the State in 1830,
serving till 1833, when he was elected Judge of the
Supreme Court of Ohio, and continued to hold that
office until 1845 ; was chosen Governor of Ohio for the
term beginning in 1850 and ending 1853 ; in 1852 was
proposed by some of his Democratic friends as a suit-
able candidate for the Presidency ; was appointed
United States Consul to Valparaiso, 1853 ; resigned that
office at the end of eighteen months, and returned to his
adopted State. Died at Rockport, Ohio, October 2, 1864.
Wood, Silas, — He was born in Suifolk County,
New York ; graduated at Princeton College in 1789 ;
was the author of a " History of Long Island ; " and
was a Representative in Congress from New York
from 1819 to 1829. He died at Huntington, Suifolk
County, Long Island, March 2, 1847, aged seventy-
eight years.
Wood, William S, — He was appointed Com-
missioner of Public Buildings for the District of Col-
umbia in 1861, but only remained in office a few
months.
Woodhridge, Frederick E, — He was born in
Vergennes, Vermont, August 29, 1818 ; graduated at
the University of Vermont in 1840 ; studied law, and
came to the bar in 1842 ; served three years in the
State Legislature, two years in the State Senate,
three years as State Auditor, and in 1863 he was
elected a Representative from Vermont to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the
Judiciary. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,
serving on the Committees on the Judiciary and
Private Land Claims. He was also a Delegate to the
Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and
re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, and made Chair-
man of the Committee on the Pay of Officials of Con-
gress.
Woodhridge, William, — Born in Norwich,
Connecticut, August 20, 1780 ; and his father becom-
ing one of the earliest emigrants to the Northwest
Territory, he removed to Marietta in 1791. He re-
ceived his earliest education in Connecticut ; studied
law at Litchfield, Connecticut, and was admitted to
the bar in Ohio in 1806 ; in 1807 he was elected to the
Assembly of Ohio ; in 1808 was Prosecuting Attorney
for his county, which office he held until 1814, and
during the same period he w^as also a member of the
State Senate. In 1814 he received from President
Madison, unexpectedly, the appointment of Secretary
of the Territory of Michigan, and removed to Detroit.
In 1819 he was elected the first Delegate from Michi-
gan to Congress, where he was very active in promo-
ting the interests of his constituents. In 1828 he
was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Michi-
476
BIOGEAPHICAL ANNALS
gan Territory and held the oflBce four years ; in 1835
he was a member of the Convention called to form
a State Constitution ; in 1837 he was elected to the
State Senate of Michigan ; in 1839 he was chosen
Governor of the State ; and he was a Senator in Con-
gress from 1841 to 1847. He was a working member
on many important committees, and his reports and
speeches were numerous ; and Daniel Webster, in a
note to his speech in defense of the Ashburton Treaty,
attributed to Mr. Woodbridge the first suggestion
that was ever made to him for inserting in that treaty
a provision for the surrender of fugitives, under cer-
tain circumstances, upon the demand of foreign gov-
ernments. For many years before his death he lived
in retirement at Detroit. Died October 20, 1861. In
1867 a small volume was published, entitled the
"Life of William Woodbridge," from the pen of the
compiler of this work.
Woodbunif William, — Born in Wicklow
County, Ireland, in 1838 ; was a student at St.
Charles' College, Maryland, for four years ; emigrated
to Califoraia in 1855 ; studied law, and was admitted
to the bar in 1865 ; was District- Attorney of Storey
County in 1871 and 1872 ; and was elected a Repre-
sentative to Congress from Nevada to the Forty-
fourth Congress for the State at Large.
TVoodburi/f Levi, — Born in Francestown, New
Hampshire, December 22, 1789 ; he graduated at
Dartmouth College in 1800 ; attended the Law School
at Litchfield ; continued to study law in Boston, Ex-
eter, and Francestown, and entered upon the practice
in 1812, in which he was successful. In 1816 he was
appointed Judge of the Superior Court of New Hamp-
shire, and in 1819 settled in Portsmouth. In 1823 he
was elected Governor of New Hampshire ; was Speak-
er of the State House of Representatives in 1825 ; was
a Senator in Congress from 1825 to 1831 ; was ap-
pointed Secretary of the Navy, by President Jackson,
in 1831 ; was transferred to the Treasury Department,
as Secretary, in 1834, by President Van Buren, and
served until 1841 ; he was again a Senator in Congress
from 1841 to 1845, when he was appointed, by Presi-
dent Polk, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the
United States. He was also tendered the appoint-
ment of Minister to England, but declined it. He
received the degree of LL.D. from Dartmouth Col-
lege and the Wesleyan University of Connecticut,
and was a member of various literary societies. He
died at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, September 7,
1851.
Woodcockf David, — He was born in Berkshire
County, Massachusetts, and was a member of the
New York Assembly from Seneca County in 1814 and
1815, and from Tompkins County in 1826 ; was a Rep-
resentative in Congress from New York from 1821
to 1823, and again from 1827 to 1829.
Woodrufff George C. — Was born in Litchfield,
Connecticut, December 1, 1805 ; gruduated at Yale
College in 1825 ; studied law at the Litchfield School,
and came to the bar in 1827 ; he was for fourteen
years Postmaster of Litchfield ; was a Clerk and Rep-
resentative in the State Legislature ; President for
years of a bank ; Judge of Probate for several years ;
and in 1861 he was elected a Representative from Con-
necticut to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on
the Committee on Public Lands.
Woodruff, John, — He was born in Hartford,
Connecticut, February 12, 1826 ; was a member of the
Connecticut Legislature in 1854 ; in 1855 was elected
a Representative from Connecticut to the Thirty-
fourth Congress ; re-elected to the Tliirty-sixth Con-
gress, serving on the Committee on the Post-Office
and Post-Roads. He subsequently held the position
11
of Collector of Internal Revenue for the District of
New Haven, in which city he died May 20, 1868.
Woodruff, Lewis JS, — He was born in Litch-
field, Connecticut, June 19, 1809, and was the son of
General Morris Woodruff ; graduated at Yale College
in 1830 ; studied law at the Law School of his native
town ; settled in New York City, and was associated
with Willis Hall and George Wood in the practice of
his profession ; in 1849 he was elected to the Bench
of Common Pleas ; and in 1855 was transferred to
that of the Superior Court. After the close of his
term he resumed the practice of law, but in 1868 he
was appointed Judge of the Court of Appeals, and in
1869 he was appointed Circuit Judge of the United
States for the Second Circuit. Died at Litchfield,
September 10, 1875.
Woodruff, Thomas M, — He was a resident of
New York City, a furniture dealer by occupation, a
member of Congress from 1845 to 1847, and died some
years ago.
Woods, Andretv Salter, — Born at Bath, New
Hampshire, June 2, 1803 ; graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1825 ; began the practice of law in 1828 ;
was a Judge in 1840 ; and Chief Justice of New Hamp-
shire Supreme Court in 1855. Died at Bath, June 20,
1863.
Woods, George L, — He was Governor of Oregon
from 1866 to 1870.
Woods, Henry, — He was a Representative in
Congress from Pennsylvania from 1790 to 1803.
Woods, tTohn, — He was born in Dauphin County,
Pennsylvania, in 1794, and removed with his father to
Ohio in his infancy. He was admitted to the bar in
1819, settled in Hamilton County, and at once took a
high stand in his profession. In 1824 he was elected
to Congress and served two terms. In 1829 he became
the editor and publisher of the Hamilton Intelligencer,
and so continued until 1832, when he returned to his
profession, which he successfully practiced until 1845,
when he was elected Auditor of the State, which office
he held for two terms. While Auditor he did much
to preserve the credit of the State, He died in Ham-
ilton, Ohio, July 30, 1855.
Woods, John, — He was a Representative in Con-
gress from Pennsylvania from 1815 to 1817.
Woods, John, — He was Governor of Illinois for
a part of the years. 1860 and 1861.
Woods, W, jB. — He was born in Newark, Ohio ;
graduated at Yale College in 1845 ; studied law, and
began the practice in 1847 ; in 1857 he was elected to
the Ohio Legislature and made Speaker, and was re-
elected to the same body in 1859. In 1861 he went
into the military service as Lieutenant-Colonel of the
Seventy-sixth Ohio Infantry ; served until the close
of the war and was mustered out with the rank of
Brigadier-General and Brevet Major-General ; he was
mustered out of service in Alabama, where he re-
mained ; in 1868 he was chosen a State Chancellor for
six years, but after serving as such two years, was
appointed Circuit Judge of the United States for the
Fifth Circuit, which ofl&ce he still holds, residing in
Mobile.
Woods, William, — He was a Representative in
Congress from New York from 1823 to 1825, and a
member of the State Assembly from Steuben County
in 1828.
Woodside, Jonathan F, — He was a citizen oi
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
477
Ohio, and in 1835 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires
to Denmark, where he remained until 1841.
Woodson, Samuel H. — Born in Jessamine
County, Kentucky, October 24, 1815 ; graduated at
Centre College, and became a lawyer by profession.
He was a member of the " Constitutional Convention "
of Missouri in 1855 ; and a member of the Missouri
General Assembly in 1853 and 1854 ; and was elected
a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from
that State, serving as a member of the Committee on
Indian Affairs. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth
Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Af-
fairs.
Woodson, Samuel H, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from Kentucky from 1821 to 1823,
and re-elected to the next Congress from 1823 to
1825.
Woodson, SilaSr — He was Governor of Missouri
from 1873 to 1875.
Woodward, Augustus JS, — He was a native
of Virginia ; emigrated to Michigan in 1805, when he
was appointed a Judge of the Territory, which honor-
able position he held until 1824, He was the author
of a " Code of Laws," which bears his name. In 1824
he was appointed a Judge for the Territory of Flori-
da, and died there after a service of three years.
He was the man, moreover, who in 1812 had a resolu-
tion adopted in the Legislature prohibiting the wear-
ing of apparel made from English goods. The col-
leagues of Judge Woodward on the bench were Fred-
erick Bates and John Griffin, in regard to whom the
writer has been unable to obtain any biographic par-
ticulars. We have seen it stated that Judge Wood-
ward, in conjunction with John Steward and William
W. Harwood, founded the town of Ypsilanti in 1825 ;
but, if he went to Florida in 1824, the statement can-
not be true.
Woodtvai'd, George W, — Born in Bethany,
Pennsylvania, March 26, 1809 ; received an academic
education ; studied and practiced law ; was a member
of the " State Constitutional Convention" of 1837 ; in
1841 he was appointed President-Judge of the Fourth
Judicial District, and held the office ten years ; in 1852
he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of Penn-
sylvania, and held the position for nearly sixteen
years ; and was elected a Representative from Penn-
sylvania to the Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses,
serving on the Committees on Mines and Mining, and
on Revision of the Laws of the United States, Private
Land Claims, Reconstruction, and the Library. Was
a Delegate to the New York Convention of 1868.
Woodward, Joseph A, — He was born in South
Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1843 to 1847.
Woodward, Williain, — He was a Representa-
tive in Congress from South Carolina from 1815 to
1817.
Woodworth, James H.—Jle was born Decem-
ber 4, 1804, in Greenwich, Washington County, New
York. He lived on a farm until twenty-one years of
age ; received a limited education at the schools in
the vicinity, and removed to Fabius, Onondaga Coun-
ty, New York ; taught a village school for a few
months, and then engaged in mercantile business.
In 1827 he went to Erie County, Pennsylvania, resid-
ing there four years, and removed to Chicago, Illi-
nois, in 1833. In 1839 he was elected to the State
Senate, and in 1842 was a member of the Lower
House. From 1845 to 1850 he was connected with
the city government of Chicago, being two years
Mayor. He was a Representative from Illinois to
the Thirty-fourth Congress.
Woodworth, John, — Born at Schodack, New
York, November 12, 1768 ; graduated at Yale Col-
lege in 1788 ; studied law at Albany ; was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1791, and begun to practice
in Troy ; in 1806 removed to Albany. From 1793
to 1804 was Surrogate of Rensselaer County ; mem-
ber of the Assembly from 1804 to 1807 ; and a Com-
missioner to revise the laws of the State from 1811
to 1813 : Judge of New York Supreme Court from
1819 to 1828 ; was the author of " Reminiscences of
Troy," 1790 to 1807. Died in Albany, June 1, 1858.
Woodworth, Laurin D» — He was born in
Windham, Ohio, September 10, 1837 ; educated
at Hiram College ; admitted to the bar in 1859,
and practiced law at Ravenna, Ohio ; he was a Major
in the army in the war for the Union ; elected to the
Senate of Ohio in 1867 and 1869, and elected to the
Forty-third Congress, serving on the Committees on
the Interior Department and Manufactures.
Woodworth, William W, — He was born in
Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress
from New York from 1845 to 1847.
Worcester, Samuel T.— Born in Hollis, Hills-
borough County, New Hampshire, August 30, 1804 ;
graduated at Cambridge University in 1830 ; for two
years he was a Preceptor at the Weymouth Academy,
Massachusetts ; he studied law at Cambridge, and
came to the bar in 1834 ; went to Ohio that year, and
settled at Norwalk in the practice of his profession ;
in 1848 and 1849 he was elected 1o the State Senate ;
in 1859 was elected Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas, which he held until elected a Representative
from Ohio to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving
on the Committees on Elections, Accounts, and Ag-
riculture.
Word, Thomas J, — He was a Representative
in Congress from Mississippi from 1838 to 1839.
Worman, JLtidwig, — He was born in Bucks
County, Pennsylvania ; was a tanner by occupation ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl-
vania from 1820 to 1822. Died in 1822.
WortendyJce, Jacob H, — Born at Chestnut
Ridge, in the Township of Harrington, Bergen County,
New Jersey, November 27, 1818 ; graduated at Rutgers
College in 1839 ; and was for several years teacher of
the classics and mathematics. He commenced the
study of law in 1849, and was admitted to the bar in
1852 ; was Alderman of Jersey City, where he prac-
ticed law ; and was elected a Representative in the
Thirty-fifth Congress from New Jersey, serving on
the Committee on Public Expenditures ; was a Dele-
gate to the New York Convention of 1868. Died in
Jersey City, New Jersey, November 7, 1868.
Worth, Jonathan, — He was born in 1797;
served in the Legislature of North Carolina from 1829
to 1834, and when the Nullification excitement arose,
took an active part, and introduced a resolution into
the House in its condemnation. When the Rebellion
commenced in 1861, he was again found advocating
the Union cause, but declined to take any active part
in public affairs ; was Governor of North Carolina
from 1865 to 1869 ; and died at Raleigh, September
5, 1869.
Worthington, H, 6r.— He was born in Cum-
berland, Maryland, February 9, 1828 ; received an
academical education ; he studied law and came to
the bar in 1851 : and in that year he removed to Cal-
478
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
ifornia and settled in tlie practice of liis profession
in Tuolumne County, where he remained until 1856.
He subsequently spent some time in Central America
and Mexico, and then resumed his profession in Cal-
ifornia. In 1861 he was elected to the State Legisla-
ture from the city and county of San Francisco. In
1862 he removed to the Territory of Nevada, and set-
tled in Austin ; and on the admission of Nevada as a
State he was elected the first Representative there-
from, taking bis seat during the second session of the
Thirty-eighth Congress. In 1868 he was appointed
Minister to Uruguay.
Worthingtofif John T, H, — He was born in
Maryland, was a Representative in Congress from
that State from 1831 to 1838, and again from 1837 to
1841.
Worthiuf/toUf Thomas, — He was born in Jef-
ferson County, Virginia, about 1769 ; emigrated to
Ohio, and settled in Ross County in 1798. In 1803
he was a member of the " State Constitutional Con-
vention. " He was a Senator in Congress, from Ohio,
from 1803 to 1807, and again from 1810 to 1814, when
he resigned ; and from 1814 to 1818 he was Governor
of Ohio. After his retirement from that oilice he
was appointed a member of the first Board of Canal
Commissioners, in which capacity he served until
his death, which occurred in 1827.
JVorthingtonf Thomas C — He was born in
Prince George County, Maryland, and was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from that State from 1825 to
1827. Died June" 19, 1827.
Wright, Augustus J5. — Born at Wrightsbor-
ough, Columbia County, Georgia, June 16, 1813 ;
commenced his education at a grammar school ; af-
terwards entered Franklin College, but left in the
latter part of the junior year without graduating.
He was a lawyer by profession ; and at the age of
twenty-nine was elected Circuit Judge. He resigned
before the expiration of the second term, and was
elected a Representative from Georgia to the Thirty-
fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth,
serving as a member of the Committee on the District
of Columbia. Took part in the Rebellion.
Wright f Daniel JS, — He was born in Tennessee,
and was a Representative in Congress from Mississippi
from 1853 to 1857.
Wright f Edivin It, F.— Born in Hoboken, New
Jersey, January 2, 1812 ; received an academical edu-
cation ; adopted the trade of a printer, and, as early
as 1835, edited and published a newspaper called the
Jersey Blue. He studied law, and came to the bar in
1839 ; in 1843 he was elected to the State Senate, and
was a leading advocate of the present free-school sys-
tem of the State ; in 1851 he was appointed District
Attorney for Hudson County, and held the office for
five years ; he was also a Major-General of Militia for
several years, commanding the Second Division of the
State ; was the candidate in 1859 of the Democratic
party for the office of Governor, but was defeated by
a small majority ; and he was elected a Representa-
tive from New Jersey to the Thirty -ninth Congress,
serving on the Committee on Appropriations, and the
Special Committee on the death of President Lincoln.
Died in Jersey City, January 19, 1871.
Wright f George C, — He was born in Blooming-
ton, Indiana, March 24, 1820 ; graduated at the State
University in 1839 ; read law with his brother, Joseph
A. Wright ; removed to Iowa in 1840 ; served as
Prosecuting Attorney in 1847 ; was elected to the
State Senate in 1849 ; in 1854 was chosen Chief -Justice
of the Supreme Court of the State, and elected to the
same by the people in 1860 and 1865 ; was a Profes-
sor in the Law Department of the State University
for six years from 1865 ; was elected to the United
States Senate for the term commencing in 1871 and
ending in 1877, serving on the Committees on Finance,
Judiciary, and Civil Service.
Wright, George H, — He was born in Concord,
Massachusetts, June 4, 1817 ; spent seven years on a
farm ; settled in Boston as a merchant in 1822 ; was
connected with the Boston Courier for two years from
1837, after which he settled in Nantucket in the
whaling business ; went to California in 1849, and
was a Representative in Congress from that State
during the years 1850 and 1851.
Wright, IlenchHck B, — Born in Luzerne Coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, April 24, 1808 ; graduated at Dick-
inson College in 1829 ; studied law, and came to the
bar in 1831 ; in 1834 he was appointed Deputy Attor-
ney-General for Luzerne County ; was elected to the
State Legislature in 1841 and 1842 ; re-elected in 1843
and made Speaker of the House ; he was a member of
all the National Democratic Conventions between 1840
and 1860 ; and of that Convention which nominated
Mr. Polk for President he was the President. In 1852
he was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania
to the Thirty-third Congress ; and he was re-elected
to the Thirty-seventh Congress, to fill the vacancy
caused by the death of George W, Scranton, and was
a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. .
Wright, John C, — He was born in 1783 ; at-
tained eminence as a lawyer, and early rose to the
Supreme Bench of Ohio. His Law Reports are a part
of all good libraries in the Western States. He was a
Representative in Congress from Ohio from 1823 to
1829, and was for many years the owner and editor of
the Cincinnati Gazette. He took an active part, as
Delegate from Ohio, in the "Peace Congress" of Feb-
ruary, 1861, but died in Washington, before the ad-
journment of that body, on the 13th of that month.
Wright, John V. — Born in McNairy County,
Tennessee, June 28, 1828 ; was a lawyer by profes-
sion ; was elected a Representative to the Thirty-
fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses from his native
State ; and was a member of the Committees on Revo-
lutionary Pensions and Expenditures in the War De-
partment. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress,
serving on the Committee on the District of Colum-
bia.
Wright, Joseph A, — Born in Pennsylvania,
April 17, 1810 ; when a boy he removed to Indiana
with his parents, and became a janitor in the Univer-
sity of that State, enjoying at thesasfie time the privi-
leges of a student ; studied law, and came to the bar in
1829 ; in 1833 he was electedto the State Legislature ;
in 1840 he was elected to the State Senate ; from 1843
to 1845 he was a Representative in Congress ; was
Governor of Indiana from 1849 to 1857 ; and during
the latter year he was appointed by President Bu-
chanan, Minister to Prussia. In 1862 he was appointed
a Senator in Congress in place of J. D. Bright, serving
one session ; in 1863 he was appointed by President
Lincoln a Commissioner to attend the Hamburg Ex-
hibition ; and in 1865 he was appointed by President
Johnson, for the second time, Minister to Prussia.
Died in Berlin, March 11, 1867, and the fact was pub-
lished in the New York papers on the following morn-
ing.
Wright, Joshua 6r.— He was a native of New
Hanover, North Carolina ; a member of the State Leg-
islature from 1791 to 1808, and Speaker of the House ;
in the latter year he was elected a Judge of the Su-
perior Courts of Law and Equity, in which capacity
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
479
he faithfully served his State until his death, in June,
1811.
Wright f Mohert, — He was born in Kent County,
Maryland ; a Senator in Congress from Maryland from
1801 to 1806, when he resigned ; at one time member
of the State Executive Council ; was Governor of
Maryland from 1806 to 1809 ; a Representative in Con-
gress from Maryland from 1810 to 1817 ; re-elected
for the term from 1821 to 1823 ; and died September
7, 1826.
Wrightf Samuel 6r.— Born in 1787, and at the
time of his death was a member-elect of Congress
from New Jersey. Died near Allentown, New Jersey,
.July 30, 1845.
IVrightf Silas, — Was born at Amherst, Massa-
chusetts. May 24, 1795. He worked upon his father's
farm in Vermont, in the summer, and attended
school in the winter. He prepared for and entered
college in August, 1811, and graduated at Middle-
bury College in 1815. He read law in Washington
County, New York, teaching school one or two win-
ters to aid in defraying his own expenses. In 1819
he settled in the practice of the law at Canton, St.
Lawrence County, New York, where he continued
his residence until his death. He was soon made a
Magistrate and Postmaster of his town, and Surro-
gate of his county. He early raised a uniformed
Militia rifle company, of which he was unanimously
chosen Captain, from which position he rose to be
Colonel of a rifle regiment, and became a Brigadier-
General of Infantry in 1827. He was elected to the
State Senate in November, 1823, and served until
March 4, 1827, when he resigned that office, having
been elected to Congress in November, 1826. He took
his seat in Congress in December, 1827. He was re-
elected in November, 1828. Having been elected
State Comptroller, January 27, 1829, he resigned his
seat in Congress before serving out his term. While
in Congress he served as a Member of the Committee
on Manufactures, and took an active part in the tariff
investigations and discussions of 1828. He served as
Comptroller from the time of his election until he was
chosen United States Senator in the early part of
January, 1833, when he immediately took his seat in
that body. He was re-elected in February, 1837, and
again in February, 1843, and continued to serve until
December, 1844, when he resigned. In November,
1844, he was elected Governor of New York and
entered upon his duties January 1, 1845. In 1847 he
retired to private life, devoting himself to the culti-
vation of his farm, and enjoying the society of his
early friends and neighbors. On August 27, 1847, he
died suddenly at his residence in Canton. While in
the United States Senate he served most of his time
on the Committee on Finance, and introduced the
first Sub-Treasury bill, which became a law. Presi-
dent Tyler ofiered him a seat upon the bench of the
Supreme Court, which he declined. By other Presi-
dents he was offered seats in their cabinets and mis-
sions abroad — all of which he refused. His last labor
for the public was the preparation of an address for
the State Agricultural Society, which having been
finished, was read to that body a short time after his
death, by his friend, General Dix. He appeared
twice in the Supreme Court of the United States to
argue cases of high importance, and established in
that tribunal a high reputation as a lawyer.
Wright, Turhett, — He was a Delegate from
Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1781 to
1782.
Wright f William, — Born in Clarkstown, Rock-
land County, New York, in 1794 ; learned the busi-
ness of saddle-making when a boy, and followed it
for seven years, at Bridgeport, Connecticut ; re-
moved to Newark, New Jersey, in 1823 ; was elected
Mayor of that city in the years 1840, 1841, 1842, and
1843 ; was a Representative in Congress from New
Jersey from 1843 to 1847 ; was a candidate for Gov-
ernor in 1848, but was defeated ; and in 1853 he was
elected a Senator in Congress for the term ending in
1859, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Manu-
factures, and that on the Contingent Expenses of the
Senate. In 1863 he was again elected to the Senate
for the term ending in 1809, serving on the Commit-
tees on Manufactures, Public Lands, and Revolution-
ary Claims. Died in Newark, New Jersey, Novem-
ber 1, 1866.
Wulltveberf CJiristian, — He was appointed in
1875 Minister-Resident to Ecuador.
WurtZf John. — He was born in Morris County,
New Jersey ; graduated at Princeton College in 1813 ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl-
vania from 1825 to 1827. Died in Rome, Italy, April
23, 1861.
WychCf James IE, — He was born in Mississippi ;
removed to Michigan ; and from that State was ap-
pointed an Associate Justice of the United States
Court for the Territory of Washington, residing at
Vancouver.
Wylie, Andrew, — He was born in Pennsylvania ;
and was appointed in 1864 from the District of Co-
lumbia a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States for the District of Columbia.
Wyncoopf Henry, — He was a Delegate to the
Continental Congress from 1779 to 1783, and a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1789
to 1791 ; and was one of those who voted for locating
the Seat of Government on the Potomac.
Wynn, Michard, — Born in Virginia ; entered
the military service early in the Revolutionary War,
and in 1775 was Lieutenant of South Carolina Rang-
ers, serving in the battle on Sullivan's Island ; was
in command of Fort Mcintosh, Georgia ; promoted to
Colonel and commanded the militia of Fairfield Dis-
trict, South Carolina ; was with Sumter at Hanging
Rock, where he was wounded ; was active during the
remainder of the war and at its close was appointed
a Brigadier and then a Major-General of Militia. He
was a Representative in Congress from South Caro-
lina from 1793 to 1797, and again from 1802 to 1813.
Died in Tennessee, about the year 1813.
Wynn, Thomas, — He was born, lived, and
died in Hertford County, North Carolina. He was a
General of Militia ; a planter by occupation ; served
a number of years in the House of Commons and
Senate ; and was a Representative in Congress in
1802 in the place of C. Johnston, deceased, and from
1803 to 1807. In 1801 and 1809 he was a Presidential
Elector. He died June 3, 1825.
Wythe, George, — Born in Elizabeth City, Vir-
ginia, in 1728 ; was educated chiefly by his mother ;
when thirty years of age he commenced the study of
law, and soon came to the bar ; was for a long time
a member of the House of Burgesses ; was Chancel-
lor of Virginia ; in 1764 he was appointed to prepare
a petition against the Stamp Act ; was a Delegate to
the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777, and
and signed the Declaration of Independence ; he was
also a member of the Convention which formed the
Federal Constitution, but refused to sign the instru-
ment ; he was the Chairman of a Committee to revise
the Laws of Virginia, which he accomplished with
credit ; in 1777 he was Speaker of the House of Dele-
480
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
gates, and was appointed Judge of the Court of
Chancery ; lie owned a large number of slaves, to one
of whom he taught the Latin and Greek languages,
and suddenly manumitted the whole of them ; and
the honor was awarded to him of having been the in-
structor of Thomas JefEerson. Died June 8, 1806.
Yancey f benjamin C — He was a citizen of
Georgia, and in 1858 was appointed Minister-Resident
to the Argentine Confederation, where he remained a
little more than one year, and returned home.
Yancey f William L, — Born at Ogeechee Shoals,
Georgia, August 18, 1814 ; received a good education
in the Northern States ; studied law, and practiced
in South Carolina ; in 1837 he settled in Alabama and
edited the Cahawba Democrat and Wetumpka Argus /
and was a Representative in Congress from Alabama
from 1844 to 1847. Before entering Congress, he had
served in the Alabama Legislature, and since that
time has served as a member of various political con-
ventions, first at Baltimore in 1848, then at Cincinnati
in 1856, and at Charleston in 1860, in which he bore a
conspicuous part. In 1856 he was a Presidential
Elector. He subsequently visited Europe as an agent
of the Southern States during the great Rebellion of
1861 ; also held several other appointments under the
Confederate Government. Died near Montgomery,
Alabama, July 58, 1863.
Yancy, Hartlett, — He was born in Virginia,
and educated at the University of North Carolina,
where he was for a time, tutor. His first appearance
in public life was as a member of Congress from
North Carolina, in 1813, where he served four years ;
he served for many years in the State Legislature,
and frequently as Speaker of the House ; and his posi-
tion as a lawyer was unsurpassed. He died in Cas-
well County, August 30, 1828.
Yancy^ Joel* — He was a Representative in
Congress from Kentucky from 1827 to 1831.
Yarnallf Mordecai, — He was born April 16,
1816, near Urbana, Ohio, and in childhood removed
to Louisville, Kentcky. He graduated at the School
of Civil Engineering, at Bacon College, Georgetown,
Kentucky, in 1838, and in 1839, entered the Navy as
Professsor of Mathematics. After serving at sea
about thirteen years as Naval Instructor, he was or-
dered to the Observatory at Washington, in the year
1852, where he has since continuously served. His
work has been collecting and publishing in a large
catalogue, all the observations made by himself and
others with the Transit Instrument, the Mural Circle,
and the old Meridian Circle.
Yates, Abraham, Jr» — ^He was a Delegate
from New York to the Continental Congress in 1787
and 1788.
Yates, Jesse J, — Born in Hertford County,
North Carolina, in 1839 ; received an academical edu-
cation, and adopted the profession of law ; was at one
time Solicitor of the Hertford Judicial District ;
served two years in the State Legislature from 1860,
and in 1874 he was elected a Representative from
North Carolina to the Forty-fourth Congress.
Yates, John S, — He was born in New York,
and was a Representative in Congress from York
from 1815 to 1817, and was a member of the Assembly
of that State in 1836, from Madison County.
Yates, Joseph C, — Born in Schenectady, New
York, November 9, 1768 ; studied and practiced law
in his native to^vn ; was a founder of Union College
in 1795 ; Mayor of Schenectady from 1798 to 1808 ;
State Senator in 1806 and 1807 ; Judge of the Su-
preme Court of that State from 1808 to 1822 ; and
Governor from 1823 to 1825. Died in Schenectady,
March 19, 1837.
Yates, Richard, — He was born in Kentucky,
January 18, 1818 ; removed to Illinois ; graduated at
Illinois College, and was bred to the profession of
law. He frequently served in the State Legislature ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Illinois
from 1851 to 1855. In 1861 he was elected Governor
of Illinois for four years, and participated extensively
in the raising of troops for the National Army during
the Rebellion ; and was elected a Senator in Congress
from Illinois for the term commencing in 1865 and
ending in 1871, having been placed on the Committees
on the District of Columbia, the Pacific Railroad,
Territories, Pensions, Manufactures, and Mines and
Mining, and made Chairman of the Committees on
Revolutionary Claims and Territories. He was also
a Delegate to the Philadelphia ' ' Loyalists' Conven-
tion" of 1866.
Yates, Hobert, — Born in Schenectady, New York,
January 27, 1738 ; received a classical education in
New York City ; studied law and admitted to prac-
tice at Albany in 1760 ; was a writer in defense of
liberty, during the Revolution ; a member of the
Committee of Safety ; Chairman of the Committee on
Military operations, in 1776 and 1777 ; Judge of the
Supreme Court from 1777 to 1790 ; Chief Justice from
1790 to 1798 ; member of the Convention that formed
the Constitution of the United States, which he op-
posed. He preserved the debates of that Convention,
which were published by his widow, 12mo, in 1839.
He was a member of the State Convention which
adopted the Constitution ; and soon after was Com-
missioned to treat with the States of Massachusetts and
Connecticut, on the subject of Territory, and to
settle the Claims of New York against the State of
Vermont. Died at Albany, September 9, 1801.
Yates, Peter TV, — He was a Delegate from New
York, to the Continental Congress, from 1785 to 1787.
Yeaman, George H, — He was born in Hardin
County, Kentucky, November 1, 1829 ; received his
early education under many difficulties ; studied law,
and came to the bar in his twenty-third year, enter-
ing upon the practice of his profession at Owensboro',
Davies County, Kentucky. In 1854 he was elected
Judge of Davies County, and from that time until
1858 devoted his whole attention to the law, acquir-
ing an extensive practice in the Circuit Court and
Court of Appeals. In 1861 he was elected to the
Legislature of Kentucky, and in 1862 he was en-
gaged in raising a regiment for the Union service ;
but when J. S. Jackson resigned he was elected, as
his successor, a Representative from Kentucky to the
Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee
on Military Aifairs, and was re-elected to the Thirty-
eighth Congress, serving on the same committee. In
1865 he was appointed by President Johnson Minister-
Resident to Denmark.
Yeates, Jasper, — He was a member of the Lan-
caster County (Pennsylvania) Committee of Corre-
spondence in 11 74 ; and of the Convention which rati
fied the Federal Constitution in 1788 ; was Judge of the_
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania from 1791 till his
death. He published "Reports of Cases in the Su-
preme Court of Pennsylvania," from 1791 to 1808 ;
Philadelphia, 4 vols, 8vo, 1817 to 1819. Died in Lan-
caster, Pennsylvania, March 14, 1817.
Yell, Archibald, — He was born in Tennessee,
and removing to Arkansas, was appointed one of the
Judges of the Territory, and elected a Representative
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS
481
in Congress from 1835 to 1839, and was re-elected in
1845, serving only until 1846. He was also Governor
of Arkansas in 1842 and 1844. He was killed at the
battle of Buena Vista, having had command of a
regiment of Arkansas mounted Volunteers.
. Yoi^k€f Thomas J, — He was born in New Jer-
sey, and was a Representative in Congress from that
State, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843.
He was a candidate for election to the Twenty-sixth
Congress, and, although he came with the broad seal
of his State, he was not admitted,
Yost, Jacob S, — He was born in Pennsylvania,
and was a Representative in Congress from that
State, from 1843 to 1847.
Young, Augustus, — He was born in Arlington,
Vermont, March 20, 1785, and was admitted to the
bar, in St. Albans, in 1810 ; he commenced practice
at Stowe, and in about eighteen months removed to
Craftsbury, which town he represented, in the Gen-
eral Assembly, during eight sessions. He was four
years State's Attorney for Orleans County, and Judge
of Probate in 1830. In 1836 he was chosen State
Senator, and was twice re-elected. He was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from Vermont from 1841 to
1843, and declined a re-election. In 1847 he removed
to St. Albans, and was for several years Judge of
Franklin County Court. He subsequently devoted
himself to literary and scientific pursuits, and being
a learned geologist and mineralogist, was appointed
in 1856, State Naturalist. He died at St. Albans,
June 17, 1857. He was highly popular, possessed
great talents, and his scientific books and tracts in-
dicate that he was a great mathematician and a pro-
found reasoner.
Young, JSrighatn* — Born at Whittingham,
Vermont, June 1, 1801 ; in 1832 he found the Mor-
mons at Kirtland, Ohio ; was one of the apostles sent
out to make converts in 1835 ; and was chosen Presi-
dent and Prophet in 1844 ; he abandoned Nauvoo in
1846 ; and persuaded his followers that Salt Lake
Valley was the Promised Land, and settled there in
1847 ; in 1849 he organized a State called Deseret ;
but Congress organized it as the Territory of Utah,
of which he was United States Governor from 1850
to 1854. The Mormons having defied the Federal
Government, President Buchanan in 1857, sent a
force to enforce its authority, and in 1858 a compro-
mise was made. He has twelve actual wives, besides
many who have been "sealed to him" as his spirit-
ual wives. As the head of the Mormon Church he
was long Governor of the Territory, and is " Presi-
dent " by semi-annual election.
Young, Sryan R, — He was born in Kentucky,
and was a Representative in Congress from that State
from 1845 to 1847.
Young^ Casey, — Born near Tuscaloosa, Ala-
bama, in 1832 ; removed with his father to Marshall
County, Mississippi, when a small child, and settled
upon a farm ; received a classical education at the
village school, and by his own exertions ; removed
to Memphis in 1854. and wrote for the press for
about three years ; studied law, and was admitted to
the bar in 1856, and began to practice ; was on the
electoral ticket for Douglas in 1860 ; was opposed to
the separation of the Union until the secession of
Tennessee, when he enlisted in the army of the Con-
federacy, and rose to the rank of Colonel of Cavalry;
after the war he resumed the practice of law ; de-
clined the nomination for Mayor of Memphis in 1871 ;
was defeated for Congress in J 872, but was elected
in 1874 as Representative from Tennessee to the
Forty-fourth Congress.
31
Young, Ebenezer, — Bom in Killingly, Connec-
ticut, in 1784, and graduated at Yale College in 1806.
In 1823 he was elected to the State Senate, and twice
re-elected ; he was also two years Speaker of the
House ; and was a Representative in Congress from
1829 to 1835. He died at West Killingly, August
18, 1851.
Young, John, — He was born in Chelsea, Orange
County, Vermont, in 1802 ; when quite a boy he
moved with his father to Livingston County, New
York, and received a common-school education at
Conesus ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar
in 1829 ; was in the State Legislature in 1831, 1844,
and 1845 ; was a Representative in Congress from
New York, from 1841 to 1843 ; Governor of the
State from 1847 to 1849 ; and Assistant Treasurer of
the United States, in New York City, at the time of
his death, which occurred April 23, 1852.
Young, John D, — He was born in Bath County,
Kentucky, September 22, 1823 ; received an English
education ; from 1843 to 1847 he was Sheriff of his
native county, having previously served three years
as Deputy ; served for a time as Deputy United
States Marshal ; was a Judge of Probate from 1858
to 1862 ; was re-elected in 1866, but resigned in 1867;
and was elected a Representative from Kentucky to
the Fortieth Congress, but was refused his seat ; re-
elected to the Forty-third Congress, serving on seve-
ral Committees.
Young ^ JP. M, JS, — ^Born in Spartanburg, South
Carolina, in 1838 ; graduated at the Georgia Military
Institute in 1857 ; was a Cadet at the West Point
Academy when the Rebellion commenced, but re-
signed that position when Georgia seceded, and joined
the Confederate army and rose by promotions to the
rank of Major-General, receiving two wounds in bat-
tle ; and in 1868, he was elected a Representative
from Georgia to the Forty-first Congress, serving on
the Committee on Mileage. Re-elected to the two
subsequent Congresses, serving on several Commit-
tees.
Young, Michard M, — He was a Presidential
Elector in 1829 ; a Senator in Congress from Illinois
from 1837 to 1843 ; was appointed Commissioner of
the General Land Office in 1846 ; and Clerk of the
United States House of Representatives, in 1850 and
1851.
Young, Timothy JR, — He was born in New
Hampshire ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1835 ;
and was a Representative in Congress from Illinois
from 1849 to 1851.
Young, William S, — He was born in Nelson
County, Kentucky ; and was a Representative in
Congress from that State from 1825 to 1827.
Yulee, David L, — He was born in the West
Indies, of Hebrew extraction, in 1811, but when
quite young was removed to Virginia, where he re-
ceived the rudiments of a classical education. He
emigrated to Florida in 1824, and though he studied
law, he divided his time between the practice of his
profession and the pursuits of agriculture. He was
a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Florida,
from 1841 to 1845, bearing the name of Levy, and,
as Yulee, was a Delegate to the Convention which
formed the State Constitution ; and was elected a
Senator in Congress, in 1845, where he continued un-
til 1861, officiating as Chairman of the Committee
on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. He was also Presi-
dent of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad in Florida.
Withdrew from the Senate to take part in the Rebel-
482
BIOGRAPHICAL ANNALS.
lion of 1861, and at the close of the conflict he was
confined in Fort Pulaski as a Prisoner of State.
Zevely, Alexander 2V. — He was born in North
Carolina ; appointed from that State to a Clerkship
in the General Post-Office ; and in 1859 he was pro-
moted to the rank of Third Assistant Postmaster-Gen-
eral.
Zollicoffer, Felioc K, — Born in Maurj^ County,
Tennessee, May 19, 1813, and received an academical
education. He served for a few months in a printing-
office, and in 1829 took upon himself the manage-
ment of a newspaper at Paris, Tennessee. In 1834 he
was editor and publisher of the Columbian Observer,
in the same State ; in 1835 he was elected State prin-
ter, and re-elected in 1837 ; in 1842 he removed to
Nashville, and edited the Banner; in 1843 he was
elected Comptroller of the State Treasury, and was
re-elected in 1845 and 1847 ; in 1849 was elected to
the State Senate ; in 1850 was a contractor for Build-
ing the Suspension Bridge at Nashville ; in 1851 and
1853 again edited the SfashmlU Banner, and was a
Representative in Congress from Tennessee in 1853,
where he continued until the close of the Thirty-fifth
Congress, serving in the same as a member of the
Committee on Territories. He subsequently joined
the great Rebellion, and served as a General of Volun-
teers, and was killed at the battle of Mill Springs,
Kentucky, in a hand to hand fight with General Speed
S. Fry whom he had frequently met at the bar in Ken-
tucky and Tennessee. He was a Delegate to the
" Peace Congress " of 1861.
Zubly, John Joachim, — He was a native of
Switzerland ; graduated at Princeton College in 1770 ;
settled in Savannah, Georgia, as a Presbyterian Min-
ister ; was a Doctor of Divinity, and preached in the
German, English, and French languages ; and though
elected as a Delegate to the Continental Congress in
1755, was disloyal to the American cause, and de-
nounced on the floor of Congress as a traitor to the
American cause. He died in Savannah, July 23, 1781.
His birthplace was St. Gall, and the date of his birth
August 27, 1724 ; he was a man of superior learning
and had been a member of the Presidential Congress
before entering the Continental Congress.
TABULAR RECORDS.
DELEGATES TO THE COLONIAL CONGRESS.
This Congress was composed of Delegates from nine of
the Colonies, and met at New York on the 7th of Octo-
ber, 1765 : — Timothy Ruggles, President ; John Cot-
ton, Secretary.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Otis, James, Partridge, Oliver,
Ruggles, Timothy.
KHODE ISLAND.
Bowler, Metcalf, Ward, Henry.
Dyer, Eliphalet,
CONNECTICUT.
Johnson, Wm. Samuel,
Rowland, David.
NEW YORK.
Bayard, William, Lispenard, Leonard,
Cruger, John, Livingston, Philip,
Livingston, Robert R.
NEW JERSEY.
Borden, Joseph, Fisher, Hendrick,
Ogden, Robert.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Byran, George, Dickinson, John,
Morton, John.
DELAWARE.
M'Kean, Thomas, Rodney, Caesar.
MARYLAND.
Murdock, William, Ringold, Thomas,
Tilghman, Edward.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Gadsden, Christopher, Lynch, Thomas,
Rutledge, John.
The Representatives of New Hampshire, from the
peculiar situation of that colony, judged it imprudent
to send Representatives to this Congress, though they
approved of the measure ; and the Assemblies of Vir-
ginia, North Carolina, and Georgia not being in ses-
sion, the Governors of these colonies refused to call
special Assemblies for a purpose deemed by them
improper and unconstitutional.
THE DEOLARATIOK OF INDEPENDENCE.
PROCEEDINGS IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED COLONIES RESPECTING ** A DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE,
BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OP AMERICA, IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED."
Saturday, June 8, 1776.
Resolved, That the resolutions respecting indepen-
dency be referred to a Committee of the whole Con-
gress.
The Congress then resolved itself into a Committee
of the Whole ; and, after some time, the President re-
sumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, that the
Committee have taken into consideration the matter
to them referred, but, not having come to any resolu-
tion thereon, directed him to move for leave to sit
again on Monday.
Resolved, That this Congress will, on Monday next,
at 10 o'clock, resolve itself into a Committee of the
Whole, to take into further consideration the resolu-
tions referred to them.
Monday, June 10, 1776.
Agreeable to order, the Congress resolved itself into
a Committee of the Whole, to take into their further
consideration the resolutions to them referred ; and,
after some time spent thereon, the President resumed
the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the Com-
mittee have had under consideration the matters re-
ferred to them, and have come to a resolution thereon,
which they directed him to report.
The resolution agreed to in Committee of the Whole
being read.
Resolved, That the consideration of the first resolu-
tion be postponed to Monday, the first day of July
next ; and in the meanwhile, that no time be lost, in
case the Congress agree thereto, that a Committee be
appointed to prepare a Declaration to the effect of the
said first resolution, which is in these words : " That
these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be,
free and independent States ; that they are absolved
from all allegiance to the British crown ; and that all
political connection between them and the State of
Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved."
Tuesday, June 11, 1776.
Resolved, That the Committee for preparing the
Declaration consist of five. The Members chosen,
Mr. Jefferson, Mr. John Adams, Mr. Franklin, Mr.
Sherman, and Mr. R. R. Livingston.
Tuesday, June 25, 1776.
A Declaration of the Deputies of Pennsylvania, met
in Provincial Conference, was laid before Congress
and read, expressing their willingness to concur in a
vote of Congress declaring the United Colonies free
and independent States.
Friday, June 28, 1776.
" Francis Hopkinson, one of the Delegates from
New Jersey, attended and produced the credentials of
their appointment," containing the following instruc-
tions : " If you shall judge it necessary or expedient
for this purpose, we empower you to join in declaring
the United Colonies independent of Great Britain, en-
484
TABULAR RECORDS.
tering into a confederation for union and common
defence," etc.
Monday, July 1, 1776.
" A resolution of tiie Convention of Maryland,
passed the 28tli of June, was laid before Congress
and read," containing tlie following instructions to
tlieir Deputies in Congress : " That the Deputies of
said Colony, or any three or more of them, be author-
ized and empowered to concur with the other United
Colonies, or a majority of them, in declaring the
United Colonies free and independent States ; in
forming such further compact and confederation
between them," etc.
The order of the day being read :
Resohed, That this Congress will resolve itself into
a Committee of the Whole, to take into consideration
the resolution respecting independency.
That the Declaration be referred to said Committee.
The Congress resolved itself into a Committee of
the Whole. After some time, the President resumed
the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the Com-
mittee had come to a resolution, which they desired
him to report, and to move for leave to sit again.
The resolution agreed to by the Committee of the
Whole being read, the determination thereof was, at
the request of a Colony, postponed until to-morrow.
Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, re-
solve itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take
into consideration the Declaration respecting inde-
pendence.
Tuesday, July 2, 1776.
The Congress resumed the consideration of the res-
olution reported from the Committee of the Whole,
which was agreed to as follows :
Resolved, That these United Colonies are, and of
right ought to he, Free and Independent States ; that
they are absolved from all allegiance to the British
crown, and that all political connection between them
and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be,
totally dissolved.
Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress re-
solved itself into a Committee of the Whole ; and,
after some time, the President resumed the chair, and
Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee have had
under consideration the Declaration to them referred ;
but not having had time to go through the same, de-
sired him to move for leave to sit again.
Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again
resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take
into their further consideration the Declaration re-
specting independence.
Wednesday, July 3, 1776.
Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress re-
solved itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take
into their further consideration the Declaration ; and,
after some time, the President resumed the chair,
and Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee not
having yet gone through it, desired leave to sit
again.
Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again
resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take
into their further consideration the Declaration of
Independence.
Thubsday, July 4, 1776.
Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress re-
solved itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take
into their further consideration the Declaration ; and,
after some time, the President resumed the chair, and
Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee had agreed
to a Declaration, which they desired him to report.
The Declaration being read, was agreed to as fol-
lows :
A DECLARATION BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN CONGRESS AS-
SEMBLED.
When, in the course of human events, it becomes
necessary for one people to dissolve the political bauds
which have connected them with another, and to as-
sume, among the powers of the earth, the separate
and equal station to which the laws of nature and of
nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the
opinion of mankind requires that they should declare
the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all
men are created equal ; that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain unalienable rights ; that
among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap-
piness. That to secure these rights, governments are
instituted among men, deriving their just powers
from the consent of the governed ; that whenever
any form of government becomes destructive of these
ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish
it, and to institute a new government, laying its
foundation on such principles, and organizing its
powers in such form, as to them shall seem most
likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence,
indeed, will dictate that governments long established,
should not be changed for light and transient causes ;
and accordingly, all experience has shown, that man-
kind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are suf-
ferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the
forms to which they are accustomed. But when a
long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing inva-
riably the same object, evinces a design to reduce
them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is
their duty, to throw off such government, and to pro-
vide new guards for their future security. Such has
been the patient sufferance of these Colonies, and
such is now the necessity which constrains them to
alter their former systems of government. The his-
tory of the present king of Great Britain, is a history
of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having, in
direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyr-
anny over these States. To prove this, let facts be
submitted to a candid world :
He has refused his assent to laws the most whole-
some and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of im-
mediate and pressing importance, unless suspended
in their operation till his assent should be obtained ;
and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to
attend to them.
He has refused to pass other laws for the accom-
modation of large districts of people, unless those
people would relinquish the right of representation
in the Legislature ; a right inestimable to them, and
formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places
unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depos-
itory of their public records, for the sole purpose of
fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly,
for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on
the rights of the people.
He has refused, for a long time after such dissolu-
tions, to cause others to be elected ^^ whereby the
legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have
returned to the people at large for their exercise ;
the State remaining, in the mean time, exposed to all
the danger of invasion from without, and convul-
sions within.
He has endeavored to prevent the population of
these States ; for that purpose, obstructing the laws
for naturalization of foreigners ; refusing to pass
others to encourage their migration hither, and rais-
ing the conditions of new appropriations of lands.
He has obstructed the administration of justice, by
refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary
powers.
TABULAR RECORDS.
485
He lias made judges dependent on his will alone,
for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and
payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent
hither swarms of officers to harass our people and eat
out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing
armies, without the consent of our Legislature.
He has affected to render the military independent
of, and superior to, the civil power.
He has combined, with others, to subject us to a
jurisdiction foreign to our Constitution, and unac-
knowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their
acts of pretended legislation.
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among
us :
For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punish-
ment, for any murders which they should commit on
the inhabitants of these States :
For cutting off our trade with all parts of the
world :
For imposing taxes on us without our consent :
For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefit of
trial by j ury :
For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for
pretended offenses :
For abolishing the free system of English laws, in
a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbi-
trary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as
to render it at once an example and fit instrument for
introducing the same absolute rule into these Colo-
nies :
For taking away our charters, abolishing our most
valuable laws, and altering fundamentally, the pow-
ers of our governments :
For suspending our own legislature, and declaring
themselves invested with power, to legislate for us in
all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated government here, by declaring us
out of his protection, and waging war against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts,
burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our peo-
ple.
He is, at this time, transporting large armies of
foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death,
desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with circum-
stances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in
the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the
head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken cap-
tive on the high seas, to bear arms against their coun-
try, to become the executioners of their friends and
brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections among us,
and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our
frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known
rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of
all ages, sexes, and conditions.
In every stage of these oppressions, we have peti-
tioned for redress in the most humble terms ; our re-
peated petitions have been answered only by repeated
injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked
by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be
the ruler of a free people.
Nor have we been wanting in attention to our
British brethren. We have warned them, from time
to time, of attempts made by their Legislature to ex-
tend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have
reminded them of the circumstances of our emigra-
tion and settlement here. We have appealed to their
native justice and magnanimity, and we have con-
jured them, by the ties of our common kindred, to
disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably
interrupt our connections and correspondence. They,
too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and con-
sanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the
necessity which demands our separation^ and hold
them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in
war, in peace friends.
We, therefore, the Representatives of the United
States of America, in General Congress assembled,
appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the
rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by
the authority of the good people of these Colonies,
solemnly publish and declare. That these United
Colonies are, and, of right, ought to be, free and in-
dependent States; that they are absolved from all
allegiance to the British crown, and that all political
connection between them and the State of Great
Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved ; and
that, as free and independent States, they have full
power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances,
establish commerce, and to do all other acts and
things which independent States may of right do.
And, for the support of this Declaration, with a firm
reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we
mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our for-
tunes, and our sacred honor. John Hancock.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple,
Matthew Thornton.
MASSACHUSETTS BAY.
Samuel Adams, Robert Treat Paine,
John Adams, Elbridge Gerry.
RHODE ISLAND.
Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery.
CONNECTICUT.
Roger Sherman, William Williams,
Samuel Huntington, Oliver Wolcott.
NEW YORK.
William Floyd, Francis Lewis,
Philip Livingston, Lewis Morris.
NEW JERSEY.
Richard Stockton, Francis Hopkinson,
John Witherspoon, John Hart,
Abraham Clark.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Robert Harris, George Clymer,
Benjamin Rush, James Smith,
Benjamin Franklin, George Taylor,
John Morton, James Wilson,
George Ross.
DELAWARE.
Caesar Rodney, George Read,
Thomas McKean.
MARYLAND.
Samuel Chase, [ton, William Paca,
Charles Carroll, of Carroll- Thomas Stone.
VIRGINIA.
George Wythe, Benjamin Harrison,
Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Nelson, Jr.,
Thomas Jefferson, Francis Lightfoot Lee
Carter Braxton.
NORTH CAROLINA.
William Hooper, Joseph Hewes,
John Penn.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Edward Rutledge, Thomas Lynch, Jr.,
Thomas Hey wood, Jr., Arthur Middletou.
GEORGIA.
Button Gwinnet, Lyman Hall,
George Walton.
486
TABULAR RECORDS.
Mesolved, That copies of the Declaration be sent manding Officers of the Continental Troops; that it be
to the several Assemblies, Conventions, and Commit- proclaimed in each of the United States, and at the
tees, or Councils of Safety, and to the several Com- ' head of the Army.
SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION
IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED, JULY 4, 1776.
The following List of Members of the Continental Congress, who signed the Declaration of Indepen-
dence (although the names are included in the general list of that Congress, from 1774 to 1788), is given
separately for the purpose of showing the places and dates of their birth and the time of their respective
deaths, for convenient reference. For further information respecting these men, see " Biographical
Annals."
Names of the Signers.
Adams, John
Adams, Samuel
Bartlett, -Josiali
Braxton, Carter
Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton
Chase, Samuel
Clark, Abraham
Clymer, George
EUery, William
Floyd, William
Franklin, Benjamin
Gerry, Elbridge
Gwinnett, Button
Hall, Lyman
Hancock, John
Harrison, Benjamin
Hart, John
Heyward, Thomas, Jr
Hewes, Joseph
Hooper, William
Hopkins, Stephen
Hopkinson, Francis
Huntington, Samuel
Jefferson, Thomas
Lee, Francis Lightfoot
Lee, Richard Henry
Lewis, Francis
Livingston, Philip
Lynch, Thomas, Jr
McKean, Thomas
Middleton, Arthur
Morris, Lewis
Morris, Robert
Morton, John
Nelson, Thomas, Jr
Paca, William
Paine, Robert Treat
Penn, John
Read, George
Rodney, Caesar
Ross, George
Rush, Benjamin, M.D
Rutledge, Edward
Sherman, Roger
Smith, James
Stockton, Richard
Stone, Thomas
Taylor, George
Thornton, Matthew
Walton, George
Whipple, William
Williams, William
Wilson, James
Witherspoon, John
Wolcott, Oliver
Wythe, George
Born at.
1789
22, 1727
17, 1734
17, 1706
17, 1744
1732
1731
1737
Braintree, Mass Oct. 19, 1735
Boston, Mass Sept. 27, 1722
Amesbury, Mass in Nov., 1729
Newington, Va Sept. 10, 1736
Annapolis, Md Sept. 20, 1737
Somerset Co., Md April 17, 1741
Elizabethtown, N. J Feb. 15, 1726
Philadelphia, Pa in
Newport, R. I Dec.
Suffolk Co., N. Y Dec.
Boston, Mass Jan.
Marblehead, Mass July
England in
Connecticut in
Braintree, Mass in
Berkeley, Va
Hopewell, N. J about 1715
St. Luke's, S. Co in 1746
Kingston, N. J in 1730
Boston, Mass June 17, 1742
Scituate, R. I March 7, 1707
Philadelphia, Pa in 1737
Windham, Conn July 3,1732
Shad well, Va April 13, 1743
Stratford, Va Oct. 14, 1734
Stratford, Va Jan. 20, 1732
Landaff, Wales in Mar., 1713
Albany, N. Y Jan. 15, 1716
St. George's, S. C Aug. 5, 1749
Chester Co., Pa March 19, 1734
Midd 1 eton Place, S. C . . . in 1743
Morrisania, N. Y in 1726
Lancashire, Eng Jan., 1733-'4
Ridley, Pa in 1724
York,* Va Dec. 26, 1738
Wye Hill, Md Oct. 31, 1740
Boston, Mass in 1731
Caroline Co., Va May 17, 1741
Cecil Co., Md in 1734
Dover, Del in 1730
New Castle, Del in 1730
By berry, Pa Dec. 24, 1745
Charleston, S. C in Nov., 1749
Newton, Mass April 19, 1721
Ireland
Delegated from.
PI.
Princeton, N. J Oct. 1, 1730
Charles Co., Md in 1742
Ireland in 1716
Ireland in 1714
Frederick Co. , Va in 1740
Kittery, Me in 1730
Lebanon, Conn April 8, 1731
Scotland about 1742
Yester, Scotland Feb. 5, 1 722
Windsor, Conn Nov. 26, 1726
Elizabeth City Co., Va. .in 1726i Virginia.
Massachusetts. .
Massachusetts. . .
New Hampshire..
Virginia
Maryland
Maryland
New Jersey
Pennsylvania. . . .
R. I. and Prov. PI
New York
Pennsylvania. . . .,
Massachusetts. . .
Georgia
Georgia
Massachusetts. .. .
Virginia
New Jersey
South Carolina. . ,
North Carolina. . .
North Carolina. . .
R. I. and Prov
New Jersey
Connecticut. ....
Virginia
Virginia
Virginia
New York
New York
South Carolina. ,
Delaware
South Carolina. .
New York
Pennsylvania. . .
Pennsylvania.. . .
Virginia
Maryland
Massachusetts. .
North Carolina. .
Delaware
Delaware
Pennsylvania. . .
Pennsylvania. . .
South Carolina. .
Connecticut
Pennyslvania... .
New Jersey. ....
Maryland
Pennsylvania. . .
New Hampshire
Georgia
New Hampshire
Connecticut. ...
Pennsylvania. . .
New Jersey
Connecticut. . . .
Died.
July
Oct.
May
Oct.
Nov.
June
Sept.,
Jan.
Feb.
Aug.
April
Nov.
May
Feb.,
Oct.
April,
March,
Nov.
Oct.,
July
May
Jan.
July
April,
June
Dec.
June
Lost at
June
Jan.
Jan.
May
April,
Jan.
May
Oct.
July,
April
Jan.
July
July
Feb.
Oct.
Feb.
June
Feb.
Nov.
Aug.
Aug.
Nov.
Dec.
June
4, 1826
2, 1803
19, 1795
10, 1797
14, 1832
19, 1811
1794
23, 1813
15, 1820
4, 1821
17, 1790
23,1 14
27. 1777
1790
8, 1793
1791
1780
1809
10, 1779
1790
13, 1785
9, 1790
5, 1796
4, 1826
1797
19, 1794
30, 1803
12, 1778
sea, 1779
24, 1817
1, 1787
22, 1798
8, 1806
1777
4, 1789
1799
11, 1804
26, 1809
1798
1783
1779
19, 1813
23, 1800
23, 1793
11, 1806
28, 1781
5, 1787
23, 1781
24, 1803
2, 1805
28, 1785
2, 1811
28 1798
15, 1794
1, 1797
8, 1806
TABULAR RECORDS.
487
DELEGATES TO THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS.
For further information respecting tJiese men, see Biographical Annals.
FROM 1774 TO 1788.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Bartlett, Josiah 1775-79
Blanchard, Jonathan 1783-84
Folsom, Nathaniel 1774-75
1777-'78
1779-'80
Foster, Abiel 1783-'85
Frost, George 1777-79
Oilman, John Taylor 1782-'83
Oilman, Nicholas 1786-'88
Langdon, John 1775-77
" 1786-'87
Langdon, Woodbury 1779-80
Livermore, Samuel 1780-'83
" 1785-'86
Long, Pierce 1784-'86
Peabody, Nathaniel 1779-80
Sullivan, John 1774-75
" 1780-'81
Thornton, Matthew 1776-78
Wentworth, John, Jr 1778-79
Whipple, William 1776-79
White, Phillips 1782-'83
Wingate, Paine 1787-88
MASSACHUSETTS.
Adams, John 1774-78
Adams, Samuel 1774-'82
Gushing, Thomas 1774-76
Dana, Francis 1776-78
" 1784-'84
Dane, Nathan 1785-'88
Gerry, Elbridge 1776-81
1782-'85
Gorman, Nathaniel 1782-'83
1785-'87
Hancock, John 1775-80
" 1785-'86
Higginson, Stephen 1782-83
Holten, Samuel 1778-80
" 1782-'83
" 1784-'85
" 1786-'87
Jackson, Jonathan 1782-82
King, Rufus 1784-87
Lovell, James 1776-82
Lowell, John 1782-83
Osgood, Samuel 1780-84
Otis, Samuel A 1787-88
Paine, Robert Treat 1774-78
Partridge, George 1779-82
" 1783-'85
Sedgwick, Theodore 1785-88
Sullivan, James 1782-82
Thacher, George 1787-88
Ward, Artemas 1780-81
RHODE ISLAND.
Arnold, Jonathan 1782-84
Arnold, Peleg 1787-89
Collins, John 1778-'83
Cornell, Ezekiel 1780-83
Ellery, William 1776-81
" 1783-'85
Hazard, Jonathan J 1787-89
Hopkins, Stephen 1774-80
Howell, David 1782-85
Manning, James 1785-'86
Marchant, Henry 1777-'80
" " 1783— '84
Miller, Nathan ..'.*. .' .* *. *. .* .* *. '. .* .* .... '. *. '. .* '. *. ! .' *. '. 1785-'86
Mowry, Daniel 1780- '82
Varnum, James M 1780-'82
" 1786-'87
Ward, Samuel 1774-'76
Connecticut!
Adams, Andrew 1777-80
" 1781-'82
Cooke, Joseph P 1784-'88
Deane, Silas 1774-'76
Dyer, Eliphalet 1774-'79
1780-'83
Edwards, Pierpont 1787-'88
Ellsworth, Oliver 1 777-'84
Hillhouse, William 1783-'86
Hosmer, Titus 1775-76
" 1777-79
Huntington, Benjamin 1780-'84
1787-'88
Huntington, Samuel 1776-'84
Johnson, William S 1784-'87
Law, Richard 1777-'78
1781-'84
Mitchell, Stephen M 1783-'84
1785-'86
1787-'88
Root, Jesse 1778-'83
Sherman, Roger 1774-'84
Spencer, Joseph 1777-'79
Strong, Jedediah 1782-'84
Sturgcs, Jonathan 1785-87
Treadwell, John 1785-'86
Trumbull, Joseph 1774-'75
Wadsworth, James 1783-'84
" 1785-'86
Wadsworth, Jeremiah 1787-88
Williams, William 1776-78
Williams, William 1783-'84
Wolcott, Oliver 1775-78
" ...1780-'84
NEW YORK.
Alsop, John. 1774-'76
Benson, Egbert 1784-'85
" 1786-'88
Boerum, Simon 1774-'77
Clinton, George 1775-77
De Witt, Charles 1783-'85
Duane, James 1774-'84
Duer, William 1777-'78
Floyd, W illiam 1774-'77
" 1778-'83
Gansevoort, Leonard 1787-'88
Hamilton, Alexander 1782-'83
1787-'8S
Haring, John 1774-'75
" 1785-88
Jav, John 1774-'77
" 1778-'79
Lansing, John 1784-^88
Lawrence, John 1785-'87
Lewis, Francis 1777-'79
L'Hommedieu, Ezra 1779-'83
488
TABULAR RECORDS.
L'Hommedieu, Ezra 1787-'88
Livingston, Philip 1774-78
Livingston, Robert R 1775-77
" 1779-'81
Livingston, Walter 1784-'85
Low, Isaac 1774-75
McDougall, Alexander 1781-82
1784-'85
Morris, Gouverneur 1777-'80
Morris, Lewis 1775-77
Paine, Ephraim 1784-85
Piatt, Zephaniah 1784-'86
Schuyler, Philip 1775-75
" 1778-'81
Scott, John Morin 1780-'83
Smith, Melancthon 1785-'88
Wisner, Henry 1774-76
Yates Abraham, Jr 1787-88
Yates, Peter W. . ., 1785-87
NEW JERSEY.
Beattv. John 1783-'85
Boudinot, Elias 1777-78
" 1781-'84
Burnett, W 1780-'81
Cadwalader, Lambert 1784-'87
Clark, Abraham . . 1776-'82
1787-'88
Condict, Silas 1781-84
Cooper, John 1776-76
Crane, Stephen 1774-76
Dayton, Elias. Declined 1770-'88
Dayton, Jonathan 1787-89
De Hart, John 1774-76
Dick, Samuel 1783-'84
Elmer, Jonathan 1776-78
1780-'84
1787-'89
Fell, John 1778-80
Frelinghuysen, Frederick 1778-79
1782-'83
Hart, John 1776-77
Henderson, Thomas 1779-80
Hopkintori, Francis 1776-77
Hornblower, Josiah 1785-86
Houston, William C 1779-'82
1784-'85
Kinsey, James 1774-75
Livingston, William 1774-76
Neilson, John 1778-79
Patterson, William 1780-'81
Scheurman, J 1786-'87
Scudder, Nathaniel 1777-78
Sergeant, Jonathan D 1776-77
Smith, Richard 1774-76
Stevens, John, Senior 1783-84
Stewart, Charles 1784-'85
Stockton, Richard 1776-77
Symmes, John C 1785-'86
Witherspoon, John 1776-82
PENNSYLVANIA.
Allen, Andrew 1775-76
Armstrong, John 1778-'80
• " 1787-'88
Atlee, Samuel 1778-82
Bayard, John 1785-'87
Biddle, Edward 1774-76
" 1778-79
Bingham, William 1787-88
Clarkson, Matthew 1785-'86
Clingan, William 1777-79
Clyraer, George 1776-78
" 1780-'83
Dickinson, John 1774-76
Fitzsimmons, Thomas 1782-83
Franklin, Benjamin 1775-76
Galloway. Joseph 1774-75
Gardner, Joseph 1784r-'85
Hand, Edward 1784-'85
Henry, William 1784-'86
Humphreys, Charles 1774-76
Ingersoll, Jared 1780-81
Irwine, William 1786-'88
Jackson, David 1785-86
Matlack, Timothy 1780-81
McClene, James 1778-80
Meredith, Samuel 1787-'88
Mifflin, Thomas 1774-76
•' 1782-'84
Montgomery, Joseph 1780-'84
Morris, Charles 1783-'84
Morris, Robert 1776-78
Morton, John 1774-77
Muhlenberg, Frederick A 1778-80
Peters, Richard 1782-83
Pettit, Charles 1785-'87
Read, J 1787-'88
Reed, Joseph 1777-78
Rhodes, Samuel 1774-75
Roberdeau, Daniel 1777-79
Ross, George 1774-77
Rush, Benjamin 1776-77
Searle, James 1778-80
Shippen, William 1778-80
Smith, James 1776-78
Smith, Jonathan B 1777-78
Smith, Thomas 1780-82
St. Clair, Arthur 1785-'87
Taylor, George 1776-77
Willing, Thomas 1775-76
Wilson, James 1775-78
" 1782-'83
<* << 1785— '87
Wynkoop, Henry *. . *1779-'83
DELAWARE.
Bedford, Gunning .1783-'85
1786-'87
Bedford, Gunning, Jr 1785-'86
Dickinson, John 1776-77
" 1779-'80
Dickinson, Philemon 1782-'83
Evans, John 1776-77
Kearney, Dyre 1786-'88
McComb, Eleazer 1782-'84
McKean, Thomas 1774-76
" " 1778— *83
Mitchell, Nathaniel.' [...[[[.,[[..[........ !l786-'88
Patton,John 1785-'86
Peery, William 1785-'86
Read, George 1774-77
Rodney, C^sar 1774-77
1777-78
1783-'84
Rodney, Thomas 1781-83
" 1785-'87
Sykes, James 1777-78
Tilton, James 1783-'85
Van Dyke, Nicholas 1777-'82
Vining, John 1784-'86
Wharton, Samuel 1782-'83
MARYLAND.
Alexander, Robert 1775-77
Carmichael, William 1778-'80
Carroll, Charles, of CarroUton ; 1776-78
Carroll, Daniel 1780-'84
Chase, Jeremiah T .1783-'84
Chase, Samuel 1774-78
" 1784-'85
Contee, Benjamin 1787-88
Forbes, James 1778-'80
Forrest, Uriah 1786-87
TABULAR RECORDS.
489
Goldsborough, Robert 1774-75
Hall , John 1775-76
1783-'84
Hanson, John 1781-'83
Harrison, William 1785-'87
Hemsley, William 1782-'84
Henry, John 1778-'81
" 1784-'87
Hindman, William 1784-'87
Howard, John E 1787-'88
Jenifer, D., of St. Thomas 1778-82
Johnson, Thomas 1775-77
Lee, Thomas Sim 1783-'84
Lloyd, Edward 1783-'84
Martin, Luther 1784-85
McHenry, James 1783-'86
Paca, William 1774-79
Plater, George 1778-'81
Potts, Richard 1781-'82
Ramsay, Nathaniel 1785-'87
Ridgely, Richard 1785-'86
Rogers, John 1775-76
Ross, David 1786-87
Rumsey, Benjamin 1776-78
Scott, Gustavus 1784-'85
Seney, Joshua 1787-'88
Smith, William 1777-78
Stone, Thomas Declined 1775-79
" 1784-'85
Tilghman, Matthew 1774-77
Wright, Turbett 1781-'82
VIRGINIA.
Adams, Thomas 1778-'82
Banister, John 1778-79
Bland, Richard 1774-76
Bland, Theodoric 1780-83
Braxton, Carter 1776-76
Brown, John 1787-'88
Carrington, Edward 1785-86
Fitzhugh, William 1779-'80
Fleming, William 1779-'81
Grayson, William 1784-'87
Griffin, Cyrus 1778-'81
" " 1787— '88
Hardy, Samuel'.'.' .' . .*.* .' .*.*. ..'.'..'... .* .' .' . .* * .* .* .* ! 1783-85
Harrison, Benjamin 1774-78
Harvie, John 1778-79
Henry, James 1780-81
Henry, Patrick 1774-76
Jefferson, Thomas 1775-77
" 1783-'85
Jones, Joseph 1777-78
" 1780-'83
Lee, Arthur 1781-84
Lee, Francis Lightfoot 1775-80
Lee, Henry 1785-'88
Lee, Richard Henry 1774-'80
" 1784-'87
Madison, James, Jr 1780-'83
" 1786-'88
Mercer, James 1779-'80
Mercer, John F 1782-'85
Monroe, James 1783-'86
Nelson, Thomas 1775-77
" 1779-'80
Page, Mann 1777-77
Pendleton, Edmund 1774-75
Randolph, Edmund 1779-'82
Randolph, Peyton 1774-75
Smith, Mere wether 1778-'82
Washington, George. . 1774-75
Wythe, George 1775-77
NORTH CAROLINA.
Ashe, John B 1787-88
Blood worth, Timothy 1786-'87
Blount, William 1782-'83
" r..l786-'87
Burke, Thomas 1777-81
Burton, Robert 1787-88
Caswell, Richard 1774-76
Cumming, William 1784^'84
Harnett, Cornelius 1777-80
Hawkins, Benjamin 1781-84
" 1786-'87
Hewes, Joseph 1774-77
" 1779-80
Hill, Whitmill 1778-'81
Hooper, William 1774-77
Johnston, Samuel 1780-82
Jones, Allen 1779-'80
Jones, Willie 1780-'81
Nash, Abner 1782-'84
" 1785-'86
Penu, John 1775-76
" 1777-'80
Sharpe, William 1779-'82
Sitgreaves, John 1784-'85
Spaight, Richard D 1783-85
Swan, John 1787-'88
White, Alexander 1786-'88
Williams, John 1778-79
Williamson, Hugh 1782-'85
" 1787-'88
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Bee, Thomas 1780-'82
Beresford, Richard 1783-85
Bull, John 1784-'87
Cutler, Pierce 1787-'88
Drayton, William Henry ..1778-79
Eveleigh, Nicholas 1781-82
Gadsden, Christopher 1774-76
Gervais, John L 1782-'83
Hey ward, Thomas, Jr 1776-78
Huger, Daniel 1786-'88
Hutson, Richard 1778-79
Izard, Ralph 1782-83 .
Kean, John 1785-'87
Kinloch, Francis 1780-'81
Laurens, Henry 1777-80;
Lynch, Thomas 1774-76.
Lynch, Thomas, Jr 1776-77^
Matthews, John 1778-82'
Middleton, Arthur 1776-78
" 1781'-'8S;
Middleton, Henry 1774-76
Motte, Isaac 1780-82
Parker, John t7S6-'88
Pinckney, Charles 1777-78
1784-'87
Ramsay, David 15*82-84
" ....1785-'86
Read, Jacob lS'83-'85-
Rutledge, Edward 1774-77
Rutledge, John 1774-77
" ._178^-m'
Trapier, Paul 1777-78
Tucker, Thomas T 1787-88-
GEORGIA.
Baldwin, Abraham ^1785^'88 '
Brownson, Nathan ^- 1776-78
Bullock, Archibald .1775-76
Clay, Joseph .1778-'80 ■
Few, William 1780-'82
" 1785^'8S
Gibbons, William ^"^^^J^S
Gwinnett, Button ►. — 1776-77
Habersham, John ..- 1785-'86
Hall, Lyman ^ZI'^ 7^
Houston, John 1775-77
Houston, William 1784-'87
490
TABULAR RECORDS.
Howley, Richard 1780-'81
Jones, Noble Wimberlj 1775-76
" 1781-83
Langworthy, Edward 1777-79
Pierce, W 1786-'87
Telfair, Edward 1777-79
Telfair, Edward 1780-'83
Walton, George 1776-79
" 1780-'81
Wood, Joseph . . .1777-79
Zublj, John J 1775-76
PEESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS.
FROM.
FROM 1774
ELECTED.
Peyton Randolph Virginia Sept.
Henry Middleton South Carolina. Oct.
Peyton Randolph Virginia May
John Hancock Massachusetts. May
Henry Laurens South Carolina. No v.
John Jay New York Dec.
Samuel Huntington.. .Connecticut. . ..Sept.
Thomas McKean Delaware July
5,
1774.
22,
1774.
10,
1775.
24,
1775.
1.
1777.
10.
1778.
28,
1779.
10,
1781.
TO 1788.
FROM. ELECTED.
John Hanson Maryland Nov. 5, 1781.
Elias Boudinot New Jersey. ...Nov, 4, 1782.
Thomas Mifflin Pennsylvania. .Nov. 3, 1783.
Richard Henry Lee. . .Virginia Nov. 30, 1784.
Nathaniel Gorham. . . .Massachusetts.. June 6, 1786.
Arthur St. Clair Pennsylvania. .Feb. 2, 1787.
Cyrus Griffin Virginia Jan. 22, 1788.
SESSIONS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS.
The sessions of the Continental Congress were
commenced as follows: —
September 5, 1774, also May 10, 1775, at Philadel-
phia ; December 20, 1776, at Baltimore ; March 4, 1777
at PhiladelpJiia ; September 27,1777, &t Lancaster,
Pennsylvania ; September 30, 1777, at York, Pennsyl-
vania; July 2, 1778, at Philadelphia ; June 30, 1783,
at Princeton, New Jersey ; November 26, 1783, at
Annapolis, Maryland ; November 1, 1784, at Trenton,
New Jersey ; January 11, 1785, at New York, which,
from that time, continued to be the place of meeting
until the adoption of the Constitution of the United
States. From 1781 to 1788 Congress met annually on
the first Monday in November, pursuant to the Arti-
cles of Confederation.
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, WE, THE UNDERSIGNED, DELEGATES
AFFIXED TO OUR NAMES, SEND GREETING :
OF THE STATES
Whereas the delegates of the United States of
America in Congress assembled did, on the fifteenth
day of November, in the year of our Lord one thou-
sand seven hundred and seventy-seven, and in the
second year of the independence of America, agree to
certain articles of confederation and perpetual Union
between the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts
Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Con-
necticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, and Georgia, in the words following, viz. :
Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union heticeen
the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay,
Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecti-
cut, Neio York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela-
ware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, and Georgia.
Article 1. The style of this confederacy shall be,
" The United States of America."
Art. 2. Each State retains its sovereignty, free-
dom, and independence, and every power, jurisdic-
tion, and right, which is not by this confederation ex-
pressly delegated to the United States in Congress
• assembled.
Art. 3. The said States hereby severally enter into
afirm league of friendship with each other for their
common defense, the security of their liberties, and
'their mutual and general welfare ; binding them-
selves to assist each other against all force offered
to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on
account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other
;pretence whatever.
Art. 4. The better to secure and perpetuate mu-
tual friendship and intercourse among the people of
the different States in this Union, the free inhabit-
ants of each of these States, paupers, vagabonds, and
fugitives from justice excepted, shall be entitled to
all privileges and immunities of free citizens in the
several States ; and the people of each State shall
have free ingress and regress to and from any other
State, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of
trade and commerce, subject to the same duties, im-
positions, and restrictions, as the inhabitants thereof
respectively ; provided that such restrictions shall
not extend so far as to prevent the removal of prop-
erty imported into any State to any other State, of
which the owner is an inhabitant ; provided also,
that no imposition, duties, or restriction, shall be
laid by any State on the property of the United
States or either of them.
If any person guilty of or charged with treason,
felony, or other high misdemeanor, in any State, shall
flee from justice, and be found in any of the United
States, he shall, upon demand of the Governor or Ex-
ecutive power of the State from which he fled, be
delivered up and removed to the State having juris-
diction of his offense.
Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these
States to the records, acts, and judicial proceedings
of the courts and magistrates of every other State.
Art. 5. For the more convenient management of
the general interests of the United States, delegates
shall be annually appointed in such manner as the
Legislature of each State shall direct, to meet in
Congress on the first Monday in November in every
TABULAR RECORDS
491
year, with a power reserved to eacli State to recall its
delegates, or any of them, at any time within the
year, and to send others in their stead for the re-
mainder of the year.
No State shall be represented in Congress by less
than two, nor by more than seven members ; and no
person shall be capable of being a delegate for more
than three years in any term of six years ; nor shall
any person, being a delegate, be capable of holding
any office under the United States, for which he, or
another for his benefit, receives any salary, fees, or
emoluments of any kind.
Each State shall maintain its own delegates in a
meeting of the States, and while they act as mem-
bers of the committee of the States.
In determining questions in the United States in
Congress assembled, each State shall have one vote.
Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall
not be impeached or questioned in any court or place
out of Congress ; and the members of Congress shall
be protected in their persons from arrests and im-
prisonments during the time of their going to and
from and attendance on Congress, except for treason,
felony, or breach of the peace.
Art. 6. No State, without the consent of the
United States in Congress assembled, shall send any
embassy to, or receive any embassy from, or enter
into any conference, agreement, alliance, or treaty,
with any king, prince, or state ; nor shall any person
holding any office of profit or trust under the United
States, or any of them, accept of any present, emolu-
ment, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any
king, prince, or foreign state ; nor shall the United
States in Congress assembled, or any of them, grant
any title of nobility.
No two or more States shall enter into any treaty,
confederation, or alliance whatever, between them,
without the consent of the United States in Congress
assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for
which the same is to be entered into, and how long it
shall continue.
No State shall lay any imposts or duties which may
interfere with any stipulations in treaties entered into
by the United States in Contrress assembled, with any
king, prince, or state, in pursuance of any treaties
already proposed by Congress to the courts of France
and Spain.
No vessel of war shall be kept up in time of peace
by any State, except such number only as shall be
deemed necessary by the United States in Congress
assembled for the defense of such State or its trade ;
nor shall any body of forces be kept up by any State
in time of peace except such number only, as in the
judgment of the United States in Congress assembled,
shall be deemed requisite to garrison the forts neces-
sary for the defense of such State ; but every State
shall always keep up a well-regulated and disciplined
militia, sufficiently armed and accoutred, and shall
provide and have constantly ready for use, in public
stores, a due number of field-pieces and tents, and a
proper quantity of arms, ammunition, and camp equi-
page.
No State shall engage in any war without the con-
sent of the United States in Congress assembled, un-
less such State be actually invaded by enemies, or
shall have received certain advice of a resolution
being formed by some nation of Indians to invade such
State, and the danger is so imminent as not to admit
of a delay till the United States in Congress assembled
can be consulted ; nor shall any State grant commis-
sions to any ships or vessels of war, nor letters of
marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration of
war by the United States in Congress assembled, and
then only against the kingdom or State, and the sub-
jects thereof, against which war has been so declared,
and under such regulations as shall be established by
the United States in Congress assembled, unless such
State be infested by pirates, in which case vessels of
war may be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so
long as the danger shall continue, or until the United
States in Congress assembled shall determine other-
wise.
Art. 7. When land forces are raised by any State
for the common defense, all officers of or under the
rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature
of each State respectively, by whom sucih forces shall
be raised, or in such manner as such State shall direct,
and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State which
first made the appointment.
Art. 8. All charges of war, and all other expenses
that shall be incurred for the common defense or
general warfare, and allowed by the United States in
Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a com-
mon treasury, which shall be supplied by the several
States in proportion to the value of all land within
each State granted to or surveyed for any person, as
such land and the buildings and improvements there-
on shall be estimated according to such mode as the
United States in Congress assembled shall from time
to time direct and appoint.
The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid
and levied by the authority and direction of the legis-
latures of the several States, within the time agreed
upon by the United States in Congress assembled.
Art. 9. The United States in Congress assembled
shall have the sole and exclusive right and power of
determining on peace and war, except in the cases
mentioned in the sixth article — of sending and re-
ceiving ambassadors — entering into treaties and alli-
ances ; provided, that no treaty of commerce shall be
made whereby the legislative power of the respective
States shall be restrained from imposing such imposts
and duties on foreigners as their own people are sub-
jected to, or from prohibiting the exportation or
importation of any species of goods or commodities
whatsoever — of establisliing rules for deciding in all
cases what captures on land or water shall be legal,
and in what manner prizes taken by land or naval
forces in the service of the United States shall be
divided or appropriated — of granting letters of marque
and reprisal in times of peace — appointing courts for
the trial of piracies and felonies committed on the
high seas, and establisliing courts for receiving and
determining finally appeals in all cases of captures ;
provided, that no Member of Congress shall be ap-
pointed a judge of any of the said courts.
The United States in Congress assembled shall also
be the last resort on appeal in all disputes and differ-
ences now subsisting or that hereafter may arise be-
tween two or more States concerning boundary, juris-
diction, or any other cause whatever ; which autho-
rity shall always be exercised in the manner following:
whenever the legislative or executive authority or
lawful agent of any State in controversy with another
shall present a petition to Congress, stating the mat-
ter in question, and praying for a hearing, notice
thereof shall be given by order of Congress to the
legislative or executive authority of the other State
in controversy, and a day assigned for the appearance
of the parties, by their lawful agents, who shall then
be directed to appoint by joint consent commissioners
or judges *o constitute a court for hearing and deter-
mining the matter in question ; but if they cannot
agree. Congress shall name three persons out of each
of the United States, and from the list of such persons
each party shall alternately strike out one, the peti-
tioners beginning, until the number shall be reduced
to thirteen ; and from that number not less than
seven nor more than nine names, as Congress shall
direct, shall, in the presence of Congress, be drawn
out by lot ; and the persons whose names shall be so
drawn, or any five of them, shall be commissioners or
judges, to hear and finally determine the controversy,
so always as a major part of the judges, who shall
492
TABULAR RECORDS.
hear the cause, shall agree in the determination ;
and if either party shall neglect to attend at the day-
appointed, without showing reasons which Congress
shall judge sufficient, or being present shall refuse to
strike, the Congress shall proceed to nominate three
persons out of each State, and the Secretary of Con-
gress shall strike in behalf of such party absent or
refusing ; and the judgment and sentence of the
court, to be appointed in the manner before pre-
scribed, shall be final and conclusive ; and if any of
the parties shall refuse to submit to the authority of
such court, or to appear, or defend their claim or
cause, the court shall, nevertheless, proceed to pro-
nounce sentence or judgment, which shall, in like
manner, be final and decisive, the judgment or sen-
tence and other proceedings being in either case
transmitted to Congress, and lodored among the Acts
of Congress for the security of the parties concerned;
provided, that every commissioner, before he sits in
judgment, shall take an oath, to be administered by
one of the judges of the Supreme or Superior Court
of the State, where the cause shall be tried, "well
and truly to hear and determine the matter in ques-
tion, according to the best of his judgment, without
favor, affection, or hope of reward ; " provided, also,
that no State shall be deprived of territory for the
benefit of the United States.
All controversies concerning the private right of
soil, claimed under different grants of two or more
States, whose jurisdiction as they may respect such
lands and the States which passed such grants are
adjusted, the said grants or either of them being at
the same time claimed to have originated antecedent
to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall, on the peti-
tion of either party to the Congress of the United
States, be finally determined, as near as may be, in
the same manner as is before prescribed for deciding
disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between
different States.
The United States in Congress assembled shall also
have the sole and exclusive right and power of regu-
lating the alloy and value of coin struck by their
own authority, or by that of the respective States —
fixing the standard of weights and measures through-
out the United States — regulating the trade and
managing all affairs with the Indians not members
of any of the States : provided that the legislative
right of any State within its own limits be not in-
fringed or violated— establishing and regulating post-
offices from one State to another throughout all the
United States, and exacting such postage on the
papers passing through the same, as may be requisite
to defray the expenses of the said office — appointing
all officers of the land forces in the service of the
United States excepting regimental ofiicers — appoint-
ing all the officers of the naval forces, and commis-
sioning all officers whatever in the service of the
United States — making rules for the government and
regulation of the said land and naval forces, and
directing their operations.
The United States in Congress assembled shall
have authority to appoint a Committee to sit in the
recess of Congress, to be denominated " a Committee
of the States," and to consist of one delegate from
each State ; and to appoint such other Committees
and civil officers as may be necessary for managing
the general affairs of the United States, under their
direction — to appoint one of their number to preside,
provided that no person be allowed to serve in the
office of president more than one year in any term of
three years — to ascertain the necessary sums of
money to be raised for the service of the United
States, and to appropriate and apply the same for
defraying the public expenses — to borrow money or
emit bills on the credit of the United States, trans-
mitting every half year to the respective States an
account of the sums of money so borrowed or emitted
— to build and equip a navy — to agree upon tlie num-
ber of land forces, and to make requisitions from each
State for its quota, in proportion to the number of
white inhabitants in such State ; which requisition
shall be binding, and thereupon the Legislature of
each State shall appoint the regimental officers, raise
the men, and clothe, arm, and equip them, in a sol-
dier-like manner, at the expense of the United States;
and the officers and men so clothed, armed, and
equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and
within the time agreed on by the United States in
Congress assembled: but if the United States in
Congress assembled shall, on consideration of cir-
cumstances, judge proper that any State should not
raise men, or should raise a smaller number than its
quota, and that any other State should raise a greater
number of men than the quota thereof, such extra
number shall be raised, officered, clothed, armed, and
equipped, in the same manner as the quota of such
State, unless the Legislature of such State shall
judge that such extra number cannot safely be spared
out of the same ; in which case they shall raise,
officer, clothe, arm, and equip as many of such extra
number as they judge can be safely spared. And the
officers and men so clothed, armed, and equipped,
shall march to the place appointed, and within the
time agreed on by the United States in Congress
assembled.
The United States in Congress assembled shall
never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque
and reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any
treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the
value thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expenses
necessary for the defense and welfare of the United
States or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow
money on the credit of the United States, nor appro-
priate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels-
of- war to be built or purchased, or the number of
land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a com-
mander-in-chief of the army and navy, unless nine
States assent to the same ; nor shall a question on any
other point, except for adjourning from day to day,
be determined, unless by the votes of a majority of
the United States in Congress assembled.
The Congress of the United States shall have power
to adjourn to any time within the year, and to any
place within the United States, so that no period of
adjournment be for a longer duration than the space
of six months ; and shall publish the journal of their
proceedings monthly, except such parts thereof re-
lating to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as
in their judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and
nays of the delegates of each State on any question
siiall be entered on the journal, when it is desired by
any delegate ; and the delegates of a State, or any of
them, at his or their request, shall be furnished with
a transcript of the said journal, except such parts as
are above excepted, to lay before the legislatures of
the several States.
Art. 10. The committee of the States, or any nine
of them, shall be authorized to execute, in the re-
cess of Congress, such of the powers of Congress as
the United States in Congress assembled, by the con-
sent of nine States, shall from time to time think ex-
pedient to vest them with ; provided that no power
be delegated to the said committee, for the exercise
of which, by the articles of confederation, the voice
of nine States in the Congress of the United States
assembled is requisite.
Art. 11. Canada, acceding to this confederation,
and joining in the measures of the United States,
shall be admitted into, and entitled to, all the advan-
tages of this Union ; but no other colony shall be ad-
mitted into the same unless such admission be agreed
to by nine States.
Art. 12. All bills of credit emitted, moneys bor-
rowed, and debts contracted, by or under the au-
TABULAR RECORDS.
493
tliority of Congress, before the assembling of the
United States, in pursuance of the present confedera-
tion, shall be deemed and considered as a charge
against the United States, for payment and satisfac-
tion whereof the said United States and the public
faith are hereby solemnly pled(jed.
Art. 18. Every State shall abide by the decision of
the United States, in Congress assembled, on all
questions which, by this confederation, are submit-
ted to them. And the articles of this confederation
shall be inviolably observed by every State, and the
Union shall be perpetual ; nor shall any alteration at
any time hereafter be made in any of them, unless
such alteration be agreed to in a Congress of the
United States, and be afterwards confirmed by the
legislature of every State.
And whereas it has pleased the great Governor of
the world to incline the hearts of the legislatures we
respectively represent in Congress, to approve of and
to authorize us to ratify the said articles of confed-
eration and perpetual Union ; know ye, that we, the
undersigned delegates, by virtue of the power and
authority to us given for that purpose, do, by these
presents, in the name and in behalf of our respective
constituents, fully and entirely ratify and confirm
each and every of the said articles of confederation
and perpetual Union, and all and singular the mat-
ters and things therein contained ; and we do further
solemnly pledge and enjjage the faith of our respect-
ive constituents, that they shall abide by the deter-
minations of the United States in Congress assembled,
on all questions which, by the said confederation, are
submitted to them ; and that the articles thereof
shall be inviolably observed by the States we respect-
ively represent ; and that the Union be perpetual.
In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our
hands, in Congress. Done at Philadelphia, in the
State of Pennsylvania, the ninth day of July, in the
year of Lord one thousand seven hundred and sev-
enty-eight, and in the third year of the independence
of America.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Josiah Bartlett, John Wentworth, Jr.
MASSACHUSETTS BAY.
John Hancock, Francis Dana,
Samuel Adams, James Lovell,
Elbridge Gerry, Samuel Holton.
RHODE ISLAND.
William Ellery, Henry Marchant,
John Collins.
CONNECTICUT.
Roger Sherman, Oliver Wolcott,
Samuel Huntington, Titus Hosmer,
Andrew Adams.
NEW YORK.
James Duane,
Francis Lewis,
William Duer,
Gouverneur Morris.
NEW JERSEY.
John Witherspoon, Natli. Scudder.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Robert Morris, Jonathan Bayard Smith,
Daniel Roberdeau, William Clingan,
Joseph Reed.
DELAWARE.
Thomas McKean, John Dickinson,
Nicholas Van Dyke.
MARYLAND.
John Hanson, Daniel Carroll.
VIRGINIA.
Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Adams,
John Banister, John Harvie,
Francis Lightfoot Lee.
NORTH CAROLINA.
John Penn, Cornelius Harnett,
John Williams.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Henry Laurens, John Matthews,
William Henry Drayton, Richard Hutson,
Thomas Heyward, Jr.
GEORGIA.
George Walton, Edward Telfair.
Edward Langworthy.
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
[carefully COMPARED WITH THE ORIGINAL.]
We, the people of the United States, in order to form
a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure
domestic tranquillity, provide for the common de-
fence, promote the general welfare, and secure the
blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity,
do ordain and establish this Constitution for the
United States of America.
ARTICLE I.
Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted
shall be vested in a Congress of the United States,
which shall consist of a Senate and House of Repre-
sentatives.
Sect. 3. The House of Representatives shall be
composed of members chosen every second year by
the people of the several States, and the electors in
each State shall have the qualifications requisite for
electors of the most numerous branch of the State
Legislature.
No person shall be a Representative who shall not
have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and
been seven years a citizen of the United States, and
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that
State in which he shall be chosen.
Representatives and direct taxes shall be appor-
tioned among the several States which may be in-
cluded within this Union, according to their respect-
ive numbers, which shall be determined by adding
to the whole number of free persons, including those
bound to service for a term of years, and excluding
Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons.
The actual enumeration shall be made within three
years after the first meeting of the Congress of the
United States, and within every subsequent term of
ten years, in such a manner as they shall by law
direct. The number of Representatives shall not ex-
ceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State
shall have at least one Representative ; and until such
enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hamp-
shire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts
eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one,
Connecticut five. New York six. New Jersey four,
Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six.
4D4
TABULAR RECORDS
Virginia ten, Nortli Carolina five, South Carolina five,
and Georgia three.
When vacancies happen in the representation from
any State the executive authority thereof shall issue
writs of election to fill such vacancies.
The House of Representatives shall choose their
Speaker and other officers ; and shall have the sole
power of Impeachment.
Sect. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be
composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by
the Legislature thereof, for six years ; and each Sen-
ator shall bave one vote.
Immediately after they shall be assembled in con-
sequence of the first election, they shall be divided as
equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the
Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the ex-
piration of the second year, of the second class at the
expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at
the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may
be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen
by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the
Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may
make temporary appointments until the next meeting
of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacan-
cies.
No person shall be a Senator who shall not have
attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine
years a citizen of the United States, and who shall
not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for
which he shall be chosen.
The Vice-President of the United States shall be
President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, un-
less they be equally divided.
The Senate shall choose their other ofiicers, and
also a President pro tempore in the absence of the
Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of
President of the United States.
The Senate shall have the sole power to try all im-
peachments. When sitting for that purpose they
shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President
of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall
preside; and no person shall be convicted without the
concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.
Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend
further than to removal from office, and disqualifica-
tion to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or
profit under the United States; but the party convict-
ed shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indict-
ment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to
law.
Seck. 4. The times, places, and manner of holding
elections for Senators and Representatives shall be
prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof;
but the Congress may at any time by law make or
alter such regulations, except as to the places of
choosing Senators.
The Congress shall assemble at least once in every
year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday
of December, unless they shall by law appoint a dif-
ferent day.
Sect. 5. Each House shall be the judge of the
elections, returns, and qualifications of its own mem-
bers, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum
to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn
from day to day, and may be authorized to compel
the attendance of absent members in such manner
and under such penalties as each House may provide.
Each House may determine the rules of its proceed-
ings, punish its members for disorderly behavior,
and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a
member.
Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings,
and from time to time publish the same, excepting
sucli parts as may in their judgment require secrecy;
and the yeas and nays of the members of either House
on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of
those present, be entered on the journal.
Neither House during the session of Congress, shall.
without the consent of the other, adjourn for more
than three days, nor to any other place than that in
which the two Houses shall be sitting.
Sect. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall
receive a compensation for their services, to be ascer-
tained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the
United States. They shall in all cases, except treason,
felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from
arrest, during their attendance at the session of their
respective Houses, and in going to and returning
from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either
House they shall not be questioned in any other
place.
No Senator or Representative shall, during the time
for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil
office under the authority of the United States, which
shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof
shall have been increased during such time; and no
person holding any office under the United States
shall be a member of either House during his con-
tinuance in office.
Sect. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall origi-
nate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate
may propose or concur with amendments as on other
bills.
Every bill which shall have passed the House of
Representatives and the Senate shall, before it be-
comes a law, be presented to the President of the
United States ; if he approve he shall sign it, but if
not he shall return it, with his objections, to that
House in which it shall have originated, who shall
enter the objections at large on their journal, and
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsidera-
tion, two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the
bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to
the other House, by which it shall likewise be recon-
sidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that House
it shall become a law. But in all such cases the
votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and
nays, and the names of the persons voting for and
against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each
House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned
by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted)
after it shall have been presented to him, the same
shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it,
unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent
its return, in which case it shall not be a law.
Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the con-
currence of the Senate and House of Representatives
may be necessary (except on a question of adjourn-
ment), shall be presented to the President of the
United States ; and before the same shall take effect,
shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by
him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and
House of Representatives, according to the rules and
limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.
Sect. 8. The Congress shall have power
To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and ex-
cises, to pay the debts and provide for the common
defense and general welfare of the United States ;
but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform
throughout the United States ;
To borrow money on the credit of the United
States ;
To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and
among the several States, and with the Indian tribes;
To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and
uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies through-
out the United States ;
To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of
foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and
measures ;
To provide for the punishment of counterfeit-
ing the securities and current coin of the United
States ;
To establish post-offices and post-roads ;
To promote the progress of science and useful arts,
by securing for limited times to authors and invent-
TABULAR RECORDS.
495
ors the exclusive riglit to their respective writings
and discoveries ;
To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme
Court;
To define and punish piracies and felonies commit-
ted on the high seas, and offenses against the law of
nations ;
To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal,
and make rules concerning captures on land and
water ;
To raise and support armies, but no appropriation
of money to that use shall be for a longer terra than
two years ;
To provide and maintain a navy ;
To make rules for the government and regulation
of the land and naval forces ;
To provide for calling forth the militia to execute
the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and
repel invasions ;
To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining
the militia, and for governing such part of them as
may be employed in the service of the United States,
reserving to the States respectively the appointment
of the officers, and the authority of training the mi-
litia according to the discipline prescribed by Con-
gress ;
To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases what-
soever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles
square), as may, by cession of particular States, and
the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Gov-
ernment of the United States, and to exercise like au-
thority over all places purchased by the consent of
the Legislature of the State in which the same
shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines,
arsenals, dock -yards, and other needful buildings ;
and
To make all laws which shall be necessary and prop-
er for carrying into execution the foregoing powers,
and all other powers vested by this Constitution in
the Government of the United States, or in any de-
partment or officer thereof.
Sect. 9. The migration or importation of such per-
sons as any of the States now existing shall think
proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Con-
gress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred
and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such
importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each per-
son.
The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall
not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion
or invasion the public safety may require it.
No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be
passed.
No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, un-
less in proportion to the census or enumeration here-
inbefore directed to be taken.
No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported
from any State.
No preference shall be given by any regulation of
commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over
those of another ; nor shall vessels bound to or from
one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in
another.
No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in
consequence of appropriations made by law ; and a
regular statement and account of the receipts and
expenditures of all public money shall be published
from time to time.
No title of nobility shall be granted by the United
States ; and no person holding any office of profit or
trust under them shall, without the consent of the
Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office,
or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince,
or foreign State.
Sect, 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, al-
liance, or confederation ; grant letters of marque and
reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of credit; make any-
tliing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of
debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or
law impairing the obligations of contracts, or grant
any title of nobility.
No State shall, without the consent of the Con-
gress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or ex-
ports, except what may be absolutely necessary for
executing its inspection laws; and the net produce
of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on im-
ports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treas-
ury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be
subject to the revision and control of the Congress.
No State shall, without the consent of Congress,
lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships-of-war
in time of peace, enter into any agreement or com-
pact with another State, or with a foreign power, or
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such
imminent danger as will not admit of delay.
ARTICLE IL
Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested
in a President of the United States of America. He
shall hold his office during the term of four years,
and, together with the Vice-President, chosen for the
same term, be elected as follows : —
Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the
Legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors,
equal to the whole number of Senators and Repre-
sentatives to which the State may be entitled in the
Congress ; but no Senator or Representative, or per-
son holding an office of trust or profit under the
United States, shall be appointed an Elector.
[* The Electors shall meet in their respective States,
and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at
least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State
with themselves. And they shall make a list of all
the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for
each ; which list they shall sign and certify, and
transmit sealed to the seat of the Government of the
United States, directed to the President of the Sen-
ate. The President of the Senate shall, in the pres-
ence of the Senate and House of Representatives,
open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be
counted. The person having the greatest number of
votes shall be the President, if such number be a ma-
jority of the whole number of Electors appointed ;
and if here be more than one who have such major-
ity, and have an equal number of votes, then the House
of Representatives shall immediately choose by bal-
lot one of them for President ; and if no person have
a majority, then from the five highest on the list the
said House shall in like manner choose the President.
But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken
by States, the representation from each State having
one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of
a member or members from two-thirds of the States,
and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to
a choice. In ev^ery case, after the choice of the Pres-
ident, the person having the greatest number of votes
of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if
there should remain two or more who have equal
votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the
Vice-President.]
The Congress may determine the time of choosing
the Electors, and the day on which they shall give
their vote ; which day shall be the same throughout
the United States.
No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen
of the United States at the time of the adoption of
this Constitution, shall be .eligible to the office of Pres-
ident ; neither shall any person be eligible to that of-
fice who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-
five years, and been fourteen years a resident within
the United States.
*Thi8 clause within brackets has been eoperseded and an-
nulled by the 12th amendment, on page 499.
496
TABULAR RECORDS.
In case of tlie removal of tlig President from office,
or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge
the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall
devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress may
by law provide for the case of removal, death, resig-
nation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-
President, declaring what officer shall then act as
President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until
the disability be removed, or a President shall be
elected.
The President shall, at stated times, receive for his
services a compensation, which shall neither be in-
creased nor diminished during the period for which he
shall have been elected, and he shall not receive with-
in that period any other emolument from the United
States, or any of them.
Before he enter on the execution of his office he
shall take the following oath or affirmation : —
*' I do solemnly swear {or affirm) that 1 will faithful-
ly execute the office of President of the United States,
and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and
defend the Constitution of the United States."
Sect. 2. The President shall be Commander-in-
chief of the Army and Navy of the United States,
and of the Militia of the several States, when called
into the actual service of the United States ; he may
require the opinion, in writing, of the principal offi-
cer in each of the Executive Departments, upon any
subject relating to the duties of their respective offi-
ces, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and
pardons for offenses against the United States, except
in cases of impeachment.
He shall have power, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-
thirds of the Senators present concur ; and he shall
nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent of
the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public
Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court,
and all other officers of the United States, whose ap-
pointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and
which shall be established by law, but the Congress
may by law vest the appointment of such inferior
officers, as they think proper, in the President alone,
in the Courts of law, or in the Heads of Depart-
ments.
The President shall have power to fill up all vacan-
cies that may happen during the recess of the Senate,
by granting commissions which shall expire at the
end of their next session.
Sect. 3. He shall from time to time give to the
Congress information of the state of the Union, and
recommend to their consideration such measures as
he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may, on
extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or
either of them, and, in case of disagreement between
them with respect to the time of adjournment, he
may adjourn them to such time as he shall think prop-
er; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public
Ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be faith-
fully executed, and shall commission all the officers
of the United States,
Sect. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all
civil officers of the United States, shall be removed
from office on impeachment for, and conviction of,
treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemean-
ors.
ARTICLE III.
Section 1. The judicial power of the United
States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in
such inferior courts as the Congress may from time
to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of
the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offi-
ces during good behavior, and shall, at stated times,
receive for their services a compensation, which shall
not be diminished during their continuance in office.
Sect. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all
cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitu-
tion, the laws of the United States, and treaties made,
or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all
cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers,
and Consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and maritime
jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United
States shall be a party ; to controversies between two
or more States ; between a State and citizens of
another State ; between citizens of different States ;
between citizens of the same State claiming lands un-
der grants of different States ; and between a State,
or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens,
or subjects.
In all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public
Ministers, and Consuls, and those in which a State
shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have origi-
nal jurisdiction. In all the other cases before men-
tioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate juris-
diction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions,
and under such regulations as the Congress shall
make.
The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeach-
ment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held
in the State where the said crimes shall liave been
committed ; but when not committed within any State,
the trial shall be at such place or places as the Con-
gress may by law have directed.
Sect, 3. Treason against the United States shall
consist only in levying war against them, or in ad-
hering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.
No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the
testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or
on confession in open court.
The congress shall have power to declare the pun-
ishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall
work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except dur-
ing the life of the person attainted.
ARTICLE IV.
Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in
each State to the public acts, records, and judicial
proceedings of every other State. And the Congress
may by general laws prescribe the manner in which
such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved,
and the effect thereof.
Sect. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled
to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the
several States.
A person charged in any State with treason, felony,
or other crime, who shall llee from justice, and be
found in another State, shall, on demand of the
Executive authority of the State from which he fled,
be delivered up to be removed to the State having
jurisdiction of the crime.
No person held to service or labor in one State,
under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall,
in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be
discharged from such service or labor, but shall be
delivered up on claim of the party to whom such ser-
vice or labor may be due.
Sect, 3, New States may be admitted by the Con-
gress into this Union ; but no new State shall be
formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other
State, nor any State be formed by the junction of two
or more States, or parts of States, without the con-
sent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as
well as of the Congress.
The Congress shall have power to dispose of, and
make all needful rules and regulations respecting the
territory or other property belonging to the United
States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so
construed as to prejudice any claims of the United
States, or of any particular State,
Sect, 4. The United States shall guarantee to
every State in this Union a republican form of gov-
ernment, and shall protect each of them against in-
vasion ; and on application of the Legislature, or of
TABULAR RECORDS
49?
the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be con-
vened), against domestic violence.
ARTICLE V.
The Congress, whenever two-thirds of the House
shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to
this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legis-
latures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call
a convention for proposing amendments, which,
in either case, shall be valid to all intents and pur-
poses, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by
the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States,
or by conventions in three- fourths thereof, as the
one or the other mode of ratification may be pro-
posed by the Congress : Provided, that no amendment
which may be made prior to the year one thousand
eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect
the first and fourth clauses of the ninth section of the
first article ; and that no State, without its consent,
shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.
ARTICLE VI.
All debts contracted and engagements entered into
before the adoption of this Constitution shall be as
valid against the United States under this Constitu-
tion as under the Confederation.
This Constitution, and the laws of the United
States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and
all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the
authority of the United States, shall be the supreme
law of the land ; and the Judges in every State shall
be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or
laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.
The Senators and Representatives before mentioned,
and the members of the several State Legislatures,
and all executive and judicial officers, both of the
United States and of the several States, shall be
bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitu-
tion ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a
qualification to any office or public trust under the
United States.
ARTICLE Vn.
The ratification of the Conventions of nine States
shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Con-
stitution between the States so ratifying the same.
Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of
the States present, the seventeenth day of Septem-
ber, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven
hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence
of the United States of America the twelfth In
WITNESS whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our
names.
George Washington,
President, and Deputy from Virginia.
new HAMPSHIRE,
John Langdon, Nicholas Oilman.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King.
CONNECTICUT.
William S. Johnson, Roger Sherman. »
new YORK.
Alexander Hamilton.
NEW JERSEY.
William Livingston, David Brearley,
William Paterson, Jonathan Dayton.
PENNSYLYANIA.
Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Mifflin,
Robert Morris, George Clymer,
Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll,
James Wilson, Gouverneur Morris.
DELAWARE.
George Read, Jacob Broom,
John Dickinson, Gunning Bedford, Jr.,
Richard Bassett.
MARYLAND.
James McHenry, Daniel Carroll,
Daniel Jenifer, of St. Thomas..
VIRGINIA.
John Blair, James Madison, Jr.
NORTH CAROLINA.
William Blount, Hugh Williamson,
Richard D. Speight.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
J. Rutledge, Charles C. Pinckney,
Charles Pinckney, Pierce Butler.
GEORGIA.
William Few, Abraham Baldwin.
Attest: William Jackson, Secretary.
PEOCEEDINGS OF THE CONVENTION WHICH FOKMED THE CONSTITUTION.
IN CONVENTION.
Monday, September 17, 1787.
Resolved, That the preceding Constitution be laid
before the United States in Congress assembled ; and
that it is the opinion of this Convention that it should
afterwards be submitted to a Convention of Delegates,
chosen in each State by the people thereof, under
the recommendation of its Legislature, for their as-
sent and ratification ; and that each Convention as-
senting to and ratifying the same should give notice
thereof to the United States in Congress assembled.
Resolved, That it is the opinion of this Convention
that, as soon as the Conventions of nine States shall
have ratified this Constitution, the United States in
Congress assembled should fix a day on which Elect-
ors should be appointed by the States which shall
have ratified the same, and a day on which Electors
should assemble to vote for the President, and the
time and place for commencing proceedings under
this Constitution ; that after such publication,, the
Electors should be appointed, and the Senators and
Representatives elected ; that the Electors should
meet on the day fixed for the election of the Presi-
dent, and should transmit their votes, certified,
signed, sealed, and directed, as the Constitirtion re-
quires, to the Secretary of the United States in Con-
gress assembled ; that the Senators and Representa-
tives should convene at the time and place assigned ;
that the Senators should appoint a President of the
Senate, for the sole purpose of receiving, opening,
and counting the votes for President ; and that, after
he shall be chosen, the Congress, together with the
President, should, without delay, proceed to execute
this Constitution.
By the unanimous order of the Convention.
Geo. Washington, President.
William Jackson, Secretary.
498
TABULAR RECORDS.
LETTEE OF THE CONVENTION TO THE OLD CONGEESS.
IN CONVENTION.
September 17, 1787.
Sir : We have now the honor t o submit to the
consideration of the United States in Congress as-
sembled, that Constitution which has appeared to us
the most advisable.
The friends of our country have long seen and de-
sired that the power of making war, peace, and trea-
ties ; that of levying money, and regulating com-
merce, and the correspondent executive and judicial
authorities, should be fully and effectually vested in
the General Government of the Union ; but the im-
propriety of delegating such extensive trust to one
body of men is evident ; hence results the necessity
of a different organization.
It is obviously impracticable in the Federal Gov-
ernment of these States to secure all rights of inde-
pendent sovereignty to each, and yet provide for the
interest and safety of all. Individuals entering into
society must give up a share of liberty to preserve
the rest. The magnitude of the sacrifice must de-
pend as well on situation and circumstance as on the
object to be obtained. It is at all times difficult to
draw with precision the line between those rights
which must be surrendered and those which may be
reserved ; and, on the present occasion, this diflficulty
was increased by a difference among the several
States as to their situation, extent, habits, and par-
ticular interests.
In all our deliberations on this subject, we kept
steadily in our view that which appears to us the
greatest interest of every true American, — the consol-
idation of our Union, — in which is involved our pros-
perity, felicity, safety, perhaps our national exist-
ence. This important consideration, seriously and
deeply impressed on our minds, led each State in the
Convention to be less rigid on points of inferior
magnitude than might have been otherwise expected ;
and thus the Constitution, which we now present, is
the result of a spirit of amity, and of that mutual
deference and concession which the peculiarity of
our political situation rendered indispensable.
That it will meet the full and entire approbation
of every State is not, perhaps, to be expected ; but
each will doubtless consider that, had her interest
been alone consulted, the consequences might have
been particularly disagreeable or injurious to others.
That it is liable to as few exceptions as could reason-
ably have been expected, we hope and believe. That
it may promote the lasting welfare of that country so
dear to us all, and secure her freedom and happiness,
is our most ardent wish.
With great respect, we have the honor to be, sir,
your Excellency's most obedient, humble servants.
By unanimous order of the Convention.
Geo. Washington, President.
His Excellency, the President of Congress.
PEOCEEDINGS IN THE OLD CONGEESS.
UNITED STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED.
F]RLiDAY, September 28, 1787.
Present — New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecti-
cut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware,
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Geor-
gia ; and from Maryland, Mr. Ross.
Congress having received the report of the Conven-
tion lately assembled in Philadelphia, —
Resolved, unanimously, That the said report, with
the resolutions and letter accompanying the same, be
transmitted to the several Ijegislatures, in order to
be submitted to a Convention of Delt'gates chosen in
each State by the people thereof, in conformity to the
resolves of the Convention made and provided in that
case.
Charles Thomson, Secretary.
STATE EATIFICATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION.
The Constitution was adopted September 17, 1787,
by the Convention appointed in pursuance of the reso-
lution of the Congress of the Confederation of Feb-
ruary 21, 1787, and was ratified by the Conventions
of the several States as follows, viz. : —
By Convention of Delaware December 7, 1787
By Convention of Pennsylvania . ..December 12, 1787
By Convention of New Jersey December 18, 1787
iBy Convention of Georgia January 2, 1788
By Convention of Connecticut .January 9, 1788
By Convention of Massachusetts ..February 6, 1788
By Convention of Maryland April 28, 1788
By Convention of South Carolina. . May 23, 1788
By Convention of New Hampshire. June 21, 1788
By Convention of Virginia June 2(5, 1788
By Convention of New York July 26, 1788
By Convention of North Carolina.. November 21, 1788
By Convention of Rhode Island. ..May 29, 1790
ARTICLES IN ADDITION TO, AND AMENDMENT OF,
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMEEICA,
proposed by congress, and ratified by the legislatures of the several states pursuant
TO the fifth article of the original constitution.
ARTICLE I.
Congress shall make no law respecting an estab-
lishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof- ; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of
the press.; or the right of the people peaceably to
assemble, -and to petition the Government for redress
of grievances.
ARTICLE IL
: A well-regiilated militia being necessary to the se-
curity of a free State, the right of the people to keep
and bear arms shall not be infringed.
ARTICLE III.
No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in
any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in
time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
ARTICLE IV.
The right of the people to be secure in their per-
TABULAR RECORDS.
499
sons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreason-
able searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and
no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause,
supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly
describing the place to be searched, and the person
or things to be seized.
ARTICLE V.
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or
otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment
or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising
in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in
actual service in time of war or public danger ; nor
shall any person be subject for the same offense to
be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be
compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against
himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law ; nor shall private prop-
erty be taken for public use, without just compensa-
tion.
ARTICLE YL
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall en-
joy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an
impartial jury of the State and district wherein the
crime shall have been committed, which district shall
have been previously ascertained by law, and to be
informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ;
to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to
have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in
his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for
his defense.
ARTICLE VII.
In suits at common law, where the value in con-
troversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of
trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by
a jury i«hall be otherwise re-examined in any court of
the United States, than according to the rules of the
common law.
ARTICLE VIII.
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive
fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflicted.
ARTICLE IX.
The enumeration in the Constitution of certain
rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage
others retained by the people.
ARTICLE X.
The powers not delegated to the United States by
the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States,
are reserved to the States, respectively, or to the
people.
ARTICLE XI.
The judicial power of the United States shall not
be construed to extend to any suit, in law or equity,
commenced or prosecuted against one of the United
States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or
subjects of any foreign State.
ARTICLE XIL
The electors shall meet in their respective States,
and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President,
one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of
the same State with themselves ; they shall name in
their ballots the person voted for as President, and
in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-
President, and they shall make distinct lists of all
persons voted for as President, and of all persons
voted for as Vice President, and of the number of
votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify,
and transmit sealed to the seat of the Government of
the United States, directed to the President of the
Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in pres-
ence of the Senate and House of Representatives,
open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be
counted ; the person having the greatest number of
votes for President shall be the President, if such
number be a majority of the whole number of Elec-
tors appointed ; and if no person have such majority,
then from the persons having the highest numbers,
not exceeding three on the list of those voted for
as President, the House of Representatives shall
choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in
choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by
States, the representation from each State having one
vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a
member or members from two-thirds of the States,
and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to
a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall
not choose a President, whenever the right of choice
shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of
March next following, then the Vice-President shall
act as President, as in the case of the death or other
constitutional disability of the President. The per-
son having the greatest number of votes as Vice-
President shall be the Vice-President, if such number
be a majority of the whole number of Electors ap-
pointed ; and if no person have a majority, then from
the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall
choose the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose
shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of
Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall
be necessary to a choice. But no person constitution-
ally ineligible to the office of President shall be elig-
ible to that of Vice-President of the United States.
ARTICLE XIII.
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servi-
tude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the
party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist
within the United States, or any place subject to
their jurisdiction.
Sect. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.
ARTICLE XIV.
Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the
United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof,
are citizens of the United States and of the State
wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce
any law which shall abridge the privileges or immun-
ities of citizens of the United States ; nor shall any
State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law, nor deny to any person,
within its jurisaiction, the equal protection of the laws.
Sect. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned
among the several States according to their respec-
tive numbers, counting the whole number of per-
sons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But
when the right to vote at any election for the choice
of electors for President and Vice-President of the
United States, Representatives in Congress, the exe-
cutive and judicial officers of a State, or the members
of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the
male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one
years of age, and citizens of the United States, or iu
any way abridged, except for participation in rebel-
lion, or other crime, the basis of representation there-
in shall be reduced in the proportion which the num-
ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole
number of male citizens, iwenty-one years of age, in
such State.
Sect. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Represent-
ative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-
President, or hold any office, civil or military, under
the United States, or under any State, who, having
previously taken an oath as a member of Congress,
or as an officer of the United States, or as a member
of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial
officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the
United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or
rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort
to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote
of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.
500
TABULAR RECORDS,
Sect. 4. The validity of the public debt of the
United States, authorized by law, including debts in-
curred for payment of pensions and bounties for ser-
vices in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall
not be questioned. But neither the United States
nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obliga-
tion incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion
against the United States, or any claim for the loss
or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts,
obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and
void.
Sect. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce,
by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this
article.
ARTICLE XV.
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United
States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the
United States or by any State on account of race,
color, or previous condition of servitude.
Sect. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce
this article by appropriate legislation.
[The following is prefixed to the first ten * of the preceding amendments.]
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES,
begun and held at the city op new YORK, ON WEDNESDAY, THE FOURTH OP MARCH, ONE
THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-NINE.
The Conventions of a number of the States having,
at the time of their adopting the Constitution, ex-
pressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction
or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and
restrictive clauses should be added ; and as extending
the ground of public confidence in the Government
will best insure the beneficent ends of its institution, —
Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of tlie United States of America, in Congress as-
sembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That
the following articles be proposed to the Legislatures
of the several States, as amendments to the Constitu-
tion of the United States, all or any of which articles,
when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legisla-
tures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part
of the said Constitution, viz, : —
Articles in addition to, and amendment of, the Con-
stitution of the United States of America, proposed
by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the
several States, pursuant to the Fifth Article of the
original Constitution.
The first ten amendments of the Constitution were
ratified by the States as follows, viz. : —
Bv New Jersey November 20, 1789.
By Marvland, December 19, 1789.
By North Carolina December 22, 1789.
By South Carolina January 19, 1790.
By New Hampshire January 25, 1790.
By Delaware January 28, 1790.
By Pennsylvania March 10, 1790.
By New York March 27, 1790.
By Rhode Island June 15, 1790.
By Vermont November 3, 1791.
By Virginia December 15, 1791.
[The following is prefixed to the eleventh of the preceding amendments,]
THIRD CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES,
AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, IN THE STATE OP PENNSYLVA-
NIA, ON MONDAY, THE SECOND OF DECEMBER, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND NINETY-THREE,
Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America, in Congress assembled,
two-thirds of both Houses concurring. That the fol-
lowing article be proposed to the Legislatures of the
several States as an amendment to the Constitution
of the United States ; which, when ratified by three-
fourths of the said Legislatures, shall be valid as part
of the said Constitution, viz. : —
[The following is prefixed to the twelfth of the preceding amendments.]
EIGHTH CONGEESS OF THE UNITED STATES,
AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OP WASHINGTON, IN THE DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA,
ON MONDAY, THE SEVENTEENTH OF OCTOBER, ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND THREE.
Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America, in Congress xissembled.
two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That in lieu of
the third paragraph of the first section of the Second
Article of the Constitution of the United States, the
following be proposed as an amendment to the Consti-
tution of the United States ; which, when ratified by
three-fourths of the Legislatures of the several States,
shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of
the said Constitution, to wit :
The ten firs* of the preceding amendments were
proposed at the first session of the First Congress of
the United States, September 25, 1789, and were
finally ratified by the constitutional number of States,
December 15, 1791. The eleventh amendment was
proposed at the first eession of the Third Congress,
* It may be proper here to state that twelve articles of ameud-
ment were pr.opotJed by the First Congress, of which but. ten
were ratified by the States— the first and second in order not
having been. ratified by the requisite number of States.
The^e twG were as follows : —
Article Firit. — After the first enumeration required by the
First Article of the Constitution, there shall be one Representa-
tive for every thirty thousand, until the number shall amount
lo one hundred, after which the proportion shall be so regulated
by Congress that there shall not be less than one hundred Rep-
resentatives, nor less than one Representative for every forty
thousand persons, until the number of Representatives shall
amount to two hundred, after which the proportion shall be so
regulated by Contjress that there shall not be ]e«s than two
hundred Representatives, nor more than one Representative to
every fifty thousand persons.
Article Second. — No law varying the compensation for the ser-
vices of the Senators and Representatives shall take effect until
an election of Representatives shall have intervened.
TABULAR RECORDS
501
March 5, 1794, and was declared, in a message from
the President of the United States to both Houses of
Congress, dated January 8, 1798, to have been adopted
by the constitutional number of States. The twelfth i
amendment was proposed at the first session of the 1
Eighth Congrehs, December 12, 1803, and was adopted
by the constitutional number of States in 1804, ac-
cording to a public notice thereof by the Secretary of
State, dated September 35 of the same year.
[The following is prefixed to the thirteenth of the preceding amendments.]
THIRTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES,
AT THE SECOND SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA, ON THE
FIRST DAY OP FEBRUARY, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIVE.
Resolved, hy the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America, in Congress assembled,
two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the fol-
lowing article be proposed to the Legislatures of the
several States, as an amendment to the Constitution
of the United States, which, when ratified by three-
fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid, to all in-
tents and purposes, as a part of said Constitution,
namely :
This amendment was declared adopted on the 18th
day of December, 1865, at which time it had been
duly ratified by the Legislatures of the States of
niinois, Rhode Island, Michigan, Maryland, New
York, West Virginia, Maine, Kansas, Massachusetts,
Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio. Missouri, Nevada, In-
diana, Louisiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Vermont,
Tennessee, Arkansas. Connecticut, New Hampshire,
South Carolina, Alabama, North Carolina, and Geor-
gia— in all twenty-seven States.
[The following is prefixed to the fourteenth of the preceding amendments.]
THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES,
AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD IN THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,
ON THE SIXTEENTH DAY OF JUNE, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-SIX.
Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Represent-
atives of the United States of America in Congress
assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring. That
the following article be proposed to the Legislatures
of the several States as an amendment to the Consti-
tution of the United States, which, when ratified by
three-fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid as
part of the Constitution, namely :
This amendment was declared adopted on the 20th
day of July, 1868, at which time it had been duly
ratified by the Legislatures of the States of Connecti-
cut, New Hampshire, Tennessee, New Jersey, Oregon,
Vermont, New York, Ohio, Illinois, West Virginia,
Kansas, Maine, Nevada, Missouri, Indiana, Minneso-
ta, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Michigan,
Massachusetts, Nebraska, Iowa, Arkansas, Florida,
North Carolina, Louisiana, South Carolina, and Ala-
bama— in all, twenty-nine States.
[The following is prefixed to the fifteenth of the preceding amendments,]
FORTIETH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES,
AT THE LAST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,
ON THE TWENTY- SEVENTH OP FEBRUARY, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-NINE.
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the fol-
lowing article be proposed to the Legislatures of the
several States as an amendment to the Constitution of
the United States, which, when ratified by three-
fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid as part of
the Constitution, namely :
This amendment, as appears from the Proclamation
of the Secretary of State, dated March 30, 1870, was
ratified by the Legislatures of the States of North
Carolina, West Virginia, Massachusetts, Wisconsin,
Maine, Louisiana, Michigan, South Carolina, Penn-
sylvania, Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, In-
diana, New York, New Hampshire, Nevada, Vermont,
Virginia, Alabama, Missouri, Mississippi, Ohio, Iowa,
Kansas, Minnesota, Rhode Island, Nebraska, and
Texas — in all, twenty-nine States. It should be add-
ed that New York withdrew her vote, and Georgia
took her place in the afl&rmative.
502
TABULAR RECORDS
SESSIOKS OF THE FEDERAL CONGEESS.
(officially prepared for this work.)
STATEMENT
Showing the Commencement and Termination of each Session of Congress held under the Present Constitution
with the Number of Days in each.
OB
From —
To—
73
a
<a
B g
'Sao
Where held.
a
O
"on
CQ
<v
02
3.2
!25
r
1
March
4, 1789
Sept.
29, 1789
13
210
New York.
l\
2
January
4, 1790
August
12, 1790
14
221
do.
\
3
Dec.
6, 1790
March.
3, 1791
15
88
Philadelphia.
-A
1
Oct.
24, 1791
May
8, 1792
16
197
do.
2
Nov.
5, 1792
March
2, 1793
17
119
do.
1
1
Dec.
2, 1793
June
9, 1794
18
190
do.
2
Nov.
3, 1794
March
3, 1795
19
121
do.
M
1
Dec.
7, 1795
June
1, 1796
20
177
do.
2
Dec.
5, 1796
March
3, 1797
21
89
do.
(
1
May
15, 1797
July
10, 1797
21
57
do.
M
2
Nov.
13, 1797
July
16, 1798
22
246
do.
3
Dec.
3, 1798
March
3, 1799
23
91
do.
6i
1
Dec.
2, 1799
May
14, 1800
24
164
do.
/
2
Nov.
17, 1800
March
3, 1801
25
107
Washington.
7i
1
Dec.
7, 1801
May
3, 1802
26
148
do.
1
2
Dec.
6, 1802
March
8. 1803
27
88
do.
8 j
1
Oct.
17, 1803
March
27, 1804
28
163
do.
■
2
Nov.
5, 1804
March
3, 1805
29
119
do.
9 j
1
Dec.
2, 1805
April
21, 1806
30
141
do.
(
2
Dec.
1, 1806
March
3, 1807
31
93
do.
10 ]
1
Oct.
26, 1807
April
25, 1808
32
182
do.
2
Nov.
7. 1808
March
3, 1809
33
117
do.
(
1
May
22, 1809
June
28, 1809
33
88
do.
11 J
2
Nov.
27, 1809
May
1, 1810
34
156
do.
3
Dec.
3, 1810
March
3, 1811
35
91
do.
12.
1
Nov.
4, 1811
July
6, 1812
36
245
do.
2
Nov.
2, 1812
March
3. 1813
37
122
do.
-io
1
May
24, 1813
August
2, 1813
37
71
do.
13.
2
Dec.
6, 1813
April
18, 1814
38
134
do.
(
3
Sept.
19, 1814
March
3, 1815
39
166
do.
14 j
1
Dec.
4, 1815
April
30, 1816
40
148
do.
\
2
Dec.
2, 1816
March
3, 1817
41
92
do.
15 j
1
Dec.
1, 1817
April
30, 1818
42
141
do.
\
2
Nov.
16, 1818
March
3, 1819
43
108
do.
16 j
1
Dec.
6, 1819
May
15, 1820
44
162
do.
■»- ■^ .
2
Nov.
13, 1820
March
3, 1821
45
111
do.
17 .
1
Dec.
3, 1821
May
8, 1822
46
157
do.
2
Dec.
2, 1822
March
3, 1823
47
92
do.
18
1
Dec.
1, 1823
May
27. 1824
48
178
do.
•
2
Dec.
6, 1824
March
3. 1825
49
88
do.
19.
1
Dec.
5, 1825
May
22. 1826
50
169
do.
2
Dec.
4, 1826
March
3, 1827
51
90
do.
20 :
1
Dec.
3, 1827
May
26, 1828
52
175
do.
'
2
Dec.
1, 1828
March
3, 1829
53
93
do.
21
1
Dec.
7, 1829
May
31, 1830
54
176
do.
2
Dec.
6, 1830
March
3, 1831
55
88
do.
22
1
Dec.
5, 1831
July
16, 1832
56
225
do.
2
Dec.
3, 1832
March
%, 1833
57
91
do.
23
1
Dec.
2, 1833
June
30. 1834
58
211
do.
(
2
Dec.
1, 1834
March
3, 1835
59
93
do.
24 j
1
Dec.
7, 1835
July
4, 1836
60
211
do.
\
2
Dec.
5. 1836
March
3, 1837
61
89
do.
25 j
1
Sept.
4, 1837
October
16, 1837
62
43
do.
2
Dec.
4, 1837
July
9, 1838
62
218
do.
3
Dec.
3, 1838
March
3, 1839
63
91
do.
26
1
Dec.
2, 1839
July
21, 1840
64
233
do.
■
2
Dec.
7, 1840
March
3, 1841
65
87
do.
1
May
31, 1841
Sept.
13, 1841
65
106
do.
27 [
2
Dec.
6, 1841
August
31, 1842
66
269
do.
1 3
I Dec.
5, 1842
March
3, 1843
67
89
do.
«
TABULAR RECORDS.
503
Statement of Successive Sessions of Congress
— Continued.
CI
<» 5
«"So
BO
m
«
u
bo
a
o
o
•a
CQ
Prom—
To—
<0
*-| a
^*
o
1.2
Where held.
o
02
^
^
28-
1
Dec. 4, 1843
June 17, 1844
68
196
Washington.
2
Dec. 2, 1844
March 3, 1845
69
92
do.
29 ■
1
Dec. 1, 1845
August 10, 1846
70
253
do.
2
Dec. 7, 1846
March 3, 1847
71
87
do.
30-
1
Dec. 6, 1847
August 14, 1848
72
254
do.
2
Dec. 4, 1848
March 3, 1849
73
90
do.
31 :
1
Dec. 3, 1849
Sept. 30, 1850
74
302
do.
2
Dec. 2, 1850
March 3, 1851
75
92
do.
32 ■
1
Dec. 1, 1851
August 31, 1852
76
275
do.
2
Dec. 6, 1852
March 3, 1853
77
88
do.
33 1
1
Dec. 5, 1853
August 7, 1854
78
246
do.
2
Dec. 4, 1854
March 3, 1855
79
90
do.
■
1
Dec. 3, 1855
August 18, 1856
80
260
do.
34.
2
August 21. 1856
August 30, 1856
81
10
do.
I
3
Dec. 1, 1856
March 3, 1857
82
93
do.
35 i
1
Dec. 7, 1857
June 1, 1858
82
177
do.
2
Dec. 6. 1858
March 3, 1859
83
88
do.
36 :
1
Dec. 5, 1859
June 18, 1860
84
196
do.
2
Dec. 3, 1860
March 4, 1861
85
93
do.
1
July 3, 1861
August 6, 1861
85
34
do.
37^
2
Dec. 2, 1861
July 17, 1862
86
228
do.
3
Dec. 1, 1863
March 4, 1863
87
94
do.
38]
1
Dec. 7, 1863
July 2, 1864
88
209
do.
2
Dec. 5, 1864
March 4, 1865
89
90
do
39 i
1
Dec. 4, 1865
July 28, 1866
90
237
do.
2
Dec. 3, 1866
March 4, 1867
91
92
do.
1
March 4, 1867
March 30, 1867
91
26
do.
2
July 3, 1867
July 20, 1867
91
18
do.
40.
3
Nov. 21, 1867
Dec, 2, 1867
91
12
do.
4
Dec. 2, 1867
July 27, 1868
92
239
do.
5
Dec. 7, 1868
March 4, 1869
93
88
do.
1
March 4, 1869
April 10, 1869
93
38
do.
41-
2
Dec. 2, 1869
July 15 1870
94
226
do.
3
Dec. 5, 1870
March 4. 1871
95
90
do.
1
March 4, 1871
April 20, 1871
95
47
do.
42-
2
Dec. 4, 1871
June 10, 1872
96
190
do.
3
Dec. 2, 1872
March 3, 1873
97
91
do!
43.
1
Dec. 1873
June 23, 1874
98
204
do.
2
Dec. 1874
March 4, 1875
99
93
do.
44 j
1
2
Dec. 6, 1875
SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
CONQKESS.
1st
2d
3d
4th
F. A. Muhlenberg,
Jonathan Trumbull,
F. A. Muhlenberg,
Jonathan Dayton,
f.,-, j Jonathan Dayton,
I George Dent, pro tern.,
6th Theodore Sedgwick,
7th Nathaniel Macon,
8th Nathaniel Macon,
9th Nathaniel Macon,
10th Joseph B. Varnum,
11th Joseph B. Varnum,
12th Henry Clay,
13th \ H^^^^y ^i^y*
( Langdon Cheves,
14th Henry Clay,
15th Henry Clay,
16th \ Henry Clay,
^^^^ 1 John W. Taylor
17th Philip B. Barbour,
1st
2d
1st
2d
ses.,
ses.,
Pennsylvania.
Connecticut.
Pennsylvania.
New Jersey.
Maryland.
Massachusetts.
North Carolina.
Massachusetts.
(<
Kentucky.
< (
South Carolina.
Kentucky.
<<
<<
New York.
Virginia.
Congress.
18th
19th
20th
21st
22d
23d
24th
25th
26th
27th
28th
29th
30th
31st
32d
Henry Clay,
John J. Taylor,
Andrew Stevenson,
Andrew Stevenson,
Andrew Stevenson,
(Andrew Stevenson, 1st ses.,
] Henry Hubbard, pro tern.,
John Bell,
James K. Polk,
James K. Polk,
j Robert M. T. Hunter,
"i John White,
j John W. Jones,
I George W. Hopkins, ^r<? tern.
John W. Davis,
j Robert C. Winthrop,
\ Armistead Burt, pro tern.,
\ Howell Cobb,
\ R. C. Winthrop, pro tern.,
Linn Boyd,
Kentucky.
New York.
Virginia.
New Hampshire.
Tennessee.
Virginia.
Kentucky.
Virginia.
Indiana.
Massachusetts.
South Carolina.
Georgia.
Massachusetts.
Kentucky.
504
TABULAR RECORDS.
Congress.
33d Linn Boyd,
34tli Nathaniel P. Banks,
35th James L. Orr,
36th William Pennington,
37th Galusha A. Grow,
38th Schuyler Colfax,
39th Schuyler Colfax,
Kentucky.
Massachusetts.
South Carolina.
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania.
Indiana.
Congress.
40th Schuyler Colfax, Indiana.
j T. M. Pomeroy, one day.
(James G. Blaine, Maine.
James G. Blaine, "
James G. Blaine, "
Michael C. Kerr, Indiana.
41st
42d
43d
44th
PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE.
CONOBESS.
ItO 4.
5 and 6.
7 and 8.
9 to 12.
13 and 14.
15 to 18.
19 to 22.
23 and 24.
25 and 26.
27.
29 and 30.
31.
VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.
John Adams,
Thomas Jefferson,
Aaron Burr,
George Clinton,*
Elbridge Gerry,*
Daniel D. Tomkins,
John C. Calhoun, f
Martin Van Buren,
Richard M. Johnson,
John Tyler, %
George M. Dallas,
Millard Fillmore, §
Congress.
Massachusetts.
32.
William R. King,|
Alabama.
Virginia.
33.
(Vacant.)
New York.
34.
(Vacant.)
((
35.
John C. Brecken ridge.
Kentucky.
Massachusetts.
36.
John C. Breckenridge,
i(
New York.
37.
Hannibal Hamlin,
Maine.
South Carolina.
38.
Hannibal Hamlin,
it
New York.
39.
Andrew Johnson, ^
Tennessee.
Kentucky.
40.
(Vacant.)
Virginia.
41.
Schuyler Colfax,
Indiana.
Pennsylvania.
42.
Schuyler Colfax,
<(
New York.
43.
Henry Wilson,
Massachusetts
PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE, PRO TEM.
Congress.
1st.
2d.
3d.
4th.
5th.
6th.
7th.
8th.
9th.
10th.
11th.
12th.
13th.
14th.
15th.
> 16th.
John Langdon,
j Richard Henry Lee,
"l John Langdon,
j Ralph Izard,
\ Henry Tazewell,
j Samuel Livermore,
( William Bingham,
'Wiliam Bradford,
Jacob Read,
Theodore Sedgwick,
John Laurance,
James Ross,
'Samuel Rivermore,
Uriah Tracy,
John E. Howard,
James Hillhouse,
( Abraham Baldwin,
I Stephen R. Bradley,
iJohn Browne,
Jesse Franklin,
Joseph Anderson,
S Samuel Smith,
\ Samuel Smith,
i Samuel Smith,
Stephen R. Bradley,
John Milledge,
i Andrew Gregg,
•j John Gaillard,
(John Pope,
j William H. Crawford,
"I Joseph B. Varnum,
John Gaillard,
John Gaillard,
j John Gaillard,
I James Barbour,
James Barbour,
Congress
New Hampshire.
36th.
Virginia.
17th.
New Hampshire.
18th.
South Carolina.
19th.
Virginia.
New Hampshire.
20th.
Pennsylvania.
21st.
Rhode Island.
22d.
South Carolina.
Massachusetts.
23d.
New York.
Pennsylvania.
24th.
New Hampshire.
25th.
Connecticut.
26th.
Maryland.
27th
Connecticut.
tiJ 1 l/JLL*
Georgia.
28th.
Vermont.
29th.
Kentucky.
30th.
North Carolina.
31st.
Tennessee.
32d.
Maryland.
33d.
((
34th.
<(
35th.
Vermont.
Georgia.
36th.
Pennsylvania.
37th.
South Carolina.
38th.
Kentucky.
Georgia.
39th.
Massachusetts.
40th.
South Carolina.
41st.
((
42d.
(<
Virginia
43d.
((
44th.
John Gaillard,
John Gaillard,
John Gaillard,
Nathaniel Macon,
j Nathaniel Macon,
( Samuel Smith,
Samuel Smith,
j Littleton W. Tazewell,
\ Hugh L. White,
j George Poindexter,
\ John Tyler,
William R. King,
William R. King,
William R. King,
j Samuel L. Southard,
\ Willie P. Mangum,
Willie P. Mangum,
David R. Atchison,
David R. Atchison,
William R. King,
William R. King,
David R. Atchison,
Jesse D. Bright,
Benjamin Fitzpatrick,
( Jesse D. Bright,
\ Solomon Foot,
Solomon Foot,
( Solomon Foot,
\ Daniel Clark,
La Fayette S. Foster,
Benjamin F. Wade,
Henry B. Anthony,
Henry B. Anthony,
j Matthew H. Carpenter,
( Thomas W. Ferry,
Thomas W. Ferry,
South Carolina.
<t
North Carolina.
(<
Maryland.
Virginia.
Tennessee.
Mississippi.
Virginia.
Alabama.
<(
tt
New Jersey.
North Carolina.
Missouri.
Alabama.
((
Missouri.
Indiana.
Alabama.
Indiana.
Vermont.
New Hampshire.
Connecticut.
Ohio.
Rhode Island.
Wisconsin.
Michigan.
* Died in office.
t Resigned December 28, 1832.
X Became President by death of Harrison.
§ Became Prepident by death of Taylor.
i Died in office.
^ Became President by death of Lincoln.
TABULAR RECORDS.
505
SECRETAEIES OF THE SENATE.
Names.
Samuel AUyne Otis
Charles Cutts
Walter Lowrie. . . .
Asbury Dickens. . .
John W. Forney..
George C. Gorham.
States.
Time of Appointment.
Expiration of Service.
Massachusetts,
New Hampshire,
Pennsylvania,
North Carolina,
Pennsylvania,
California,
8 April, 1789
11 Oct., 1814
12 Dec, 1825
12 Dec, 1836
15 July, 1861
4 June, 1868
18 April, 1814
12 Dec, 1825
5 Dec, 1836
15 July, 1861
4 June, 1868
CLERKS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Names.
John Beckley
Jonathan Williams Condy. .
John Holt Oswald
John Beckley
Patrick Magruder
Thomas Dougherty
Matthew St. Clair 'Clarke.. .
Walter S. Franklin
Hugh A. Garland
Matthew St. Clair Clarke. . .
Caleb J. McNulty
Benjamin B. French
Thomas Jefferson Campbell
Richard M. Young
John W. Forney
William Cullom
James C. Allen
John W. Forney
Emerson Etheridge
Edward McPherson
George M. Adams
States.
Virginia,
Pennsylvania,
Pennsylvania,
Virginia,
Maryland,
Kentucky,
Pennsylvania,
Pennsylvania,
Virginia,
Pennsylvania,
Ohio,
New Hampshire,
Tennessee,
niinois,
Pennsylvania,
Tennessee,
Illinois,
Pennsylvania,
Tennessee,
Pennsylvania,
Kentucky,
Time of Appointment.
1 April,
15 May,
9 Dec,
7 Dec,
26 Oct.,
30 Jan.,
3 Dec,
2 Dec.
8 Dec. ,
31 May,
6 Dec,
18 Jan.,
7 Dec,
17 April,
1 Dec,
4 Feb.,
6 Dec,
3 Feb.,
4 July,
8 Dec,
6 Dec,
1789
1797
1800
1801
1807
1815
1822
1833
1838
1841
1843
1845
1847
1850
1851
1856
1857
1860
1861
1863
1875
Expiration of Service.
15 May,
9 Dec,
7 Dec,
26 Oct.,
28 Jan.,
3 Dec,
2 Dec,
20 Sept.,
31 Mav,
6 Dec,
18 Jan.,
7 Dec,
13 April,
1 Dec,
4 Feb.,
6 Dec,
3 Feb.,
4 July,
8 Dec,
6 Dec,
1797
1800
1801
1807
1815
1822
1833
1838
1841
1843
1845
3847
1850
1851
1856
1857
1860
1861
1863
1875
CHAPLAINS TO CONGRESS.
Showing the names of clergymen who hate served as. Chaplains to the Senate since 1789 ; also, the churches to
which they belonged, in the order of their appointment.
The initials opposite the name signify : B, for Baptist, C. for Congregationalist, D. for Dutch Reformed,
E. for Episcopalian, L. for Lutheran, M. for Methodist, P. for Presbyterian, R. C. for Roman Catholic,
U. for Universalist, Un. for Unitarian.
Names. Church.
Rt. Rev. Bishop Samuel Provost E.
Rt. Rev. Bishop William White E.
Rt. Rev. Bishop John Thomas Claggett E.
Rev. Dr. E. Gantt E.
Rev. A. T. McCormick E.
Rev. Dr. E. Gantt E.
Rev. John J. Sayers E.
Rev. Dr. E. Gantt E.
Rev. A. E. McCormick E.
Rev. R. Elliott P.
Rev. M. Wilmer E.
Rev. 0. B. Brown B.
Rev. Walter Addison E.
Rev. J. Breckenridge, D.D P.
Rev. Jesse Lee M.
Rev. J. Glendv P.
Rev. J. Glendy P.
Rev. S. E. Dwight C.
Rev. W. Hawley E.
Rev. John Clark P.
Rev. B. Allison B.
Rev. William Ryland M.
Rt. Rev. C. P. McHvaine, D.D E.
Names.
Church.
Rev. W. Staughton B.
Rt. Rev. C. P. Mcllvaine, D.D E.
Rev. W. Staughton B.
Rev. W. Ryland M.
Rev. H. V. D. Johns, D.D E.
Rev. J. P. Durbin, D.D M.
Rev. C. C. Pise R. C.
Rev. T. W. Hatch E.
Rev. E. Y. Higby E.
Rev. Henry Slicer M.
Rev. G. G. Cookman M.
Rev. S. Tustin, D.D P.
Rev. Henry Slicer M.
Rev. C. M. Butler, D.D E.
Rev. Henry Slicer M.
Rev. Henry C. Dean M.
Rev. Stephen P. Hill B.
Rev. P.O. Gurley, D.D P.
Rev. Le Roy Sunderland, D.D P.
Rev. Dr. Thomas Bowman M.
Rev. Dr. E. H. Gray B.
Rev. Dr. J. P. Newman M.
Rev. Byron Sunderland P.
506
TABULAR RECORDS
Showing the names of Clergymen who have served as Chaplains to the House of Bepresentatives since 1789.
Names. Church.
Rev. William Lynn, D.D P.
Rev. Samuel Blair P.
Rev. Ashbel Green, D.D P.
Rev. Thomas Lyell M.
Rev. W. Parkinson B.
Rev. W. Bentley C.
Rev. W. Parkinson B.
Rev. James Laurie P.
Rev. J. Glendy P.
Rev. R. Elliott P.
Rev. O. B. Brown B.
Rev. Jesse Lee M.
Rev. N. Sneatlien M.
Rev. Jesse Lee M.
Rev. O. B. Brown B.
Rev. S. H. Cone, D.D B.
Rev. B. Allison B.
Rev. J. N. Campbell P.
Rev. Jared Sparks, LL.D Un.
Rev. J. Breckenridge, D.D P.
Rev. H. B. Bascomb, D.D M.
Rev. Reuben Post, D.D P.
Rev. R. R. Gurley P.
Rev. Reuben Post, D.D P.
Rev. W. Hammett M.
Rev. T. H. Stockton, D.D M.
Rev. E. D. Smith P.
Rev. T. H. Stockton, D.D M.
Names.
Church.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
O. C. Comstock B.
S. Tustin, D.D P.
L. R. Reese M.
Joshua Bates C.
T. W. Braxton B.
J. W. French E.
J. N. Maffit, D.D M.
J, S. Tiffany E.
J. S. Tinsley B.
W. M. Daily, D.D M.
W. H. Milburn M.
W. S. S. Sprole P.
P. D. Gurley, D.D P.
L. F. Morgan M.
James Gallagher P.
W. H. Milburn M.
Daniel Waldo C.
Daniel Waldo C.
T. H. Stockton, D.D M.
W. H. Channing U.
Charles B. Bovnton, D.D C.
J. G. Butler..' P.
S. L. Townsend E.
Note. —The Thirty-fifth Congrees discontinued the usage of
electing Chaplain?, and extended an invitation to the clergy of
the Difitrict of Culambia to alternate in opening the daily ses-
sions by prayer, and in preaching on the Sabbath ; which they
continued to do until the Thirty-sixth Congress; but the Thir-
ty-seventh Congress returned to the old practice.
SUCCESSIVE ADMINISTRATIOKS.
[officially prepared for this work.]
For further information respecting these men, see Biographical Annals.
FIRST administration-
Eight Years.
-1789 TO 1797.—
President — George Washington, Virginia.
Vice-President — John Adams, Massachusetts.
Secretaries of State* — Thomas Jefferson, of Vir-
ginia, appointed September 26, 1789 ; Edmund Ran-
dolph, of Virginia, January 2, 1794 : Timothy Picker-
ing, of Massachusetts, December 10, 1795.
Secretaries of the Treasury — Alexander Hamilton, of
New York, September 11,1789; Oliver Wolcott, of
Connecticut, February 3, 1795.
Secretaries of War and of the Navy\ — Henry Knox,
of Massachusetts, September 12, 1789 ; Timothy Pick-
ering, of Massachusetts, January 2, 1794 ; James Mc
Henry, of Maryland, January 27, 1796.
Postmasters-OeneralX — Samuel Osgood, of Massachu-
setts, September 26, 1789 ; Timothy Pickering, of
Massachusetts, November 7, 1791 ; Joseph Habersham,
of Georgia, February 25, 1795.
Attorneys-General — Edmund Randolph, of Virginia,
September 26, 1789, made Secretary of State, January
2, 1794 ; William Bradford, of Pennsylvania, January
28, 1794 ; died. Charles Lee, of Virginia, December
10, 1795.
SECOND ADMINISTRATION -1797 to 1801.—
Four Years.
President — John Adams, Massachusetts.
Vice-President — Thomas Jefferson, Virginia.
* The Department of State was created by the Act of Septem-
ber 15, 1789, previously to which, by Act of July 27, 1789, it was
denominated the Department of Foreign Affairs.
t The War Department, as created by Act of Congress of
August 7, 1789, had also the superintendence of Naval Affairs.
A separation took place in April, 1798, when a Navy Department
was established.
+ From the organization of the Government down to the year
1829 the Postmasters-General were not recognized as members of
the Cabinet, but are herein printed as such for the sake of uni-
formity.
Secretaries of State — Timothy Pickering, continued
in office ; John Marshall, of Virginia, May 13, 1800.
Secretaries of the Treasury — Oliver Wolcott, con-
tinued in office ; Samuel Dexter, of Massachusetts,
May 31, 1800.
Secretaries of War — James McHenry, continued in
office ; Samuel Dexter, of Massachusetts, May 13,
1800; John Marshall, 1800; Roger Griswold, of Con-
necticut, February 3, 1801.
Secretaries of the Navy — George Cabot, of Massachu-
setts. May 3, 1798, declined ; Benjamin Stoddert, of
Maryland, May 21, 1798.
Postmaster-General — Joseph Habersham, continued.
Attorney -General — Charles Lee, continued.
THIRD ADMINISTRATION— 1801 to 1809.— Eight
Years.
President — Thomas Jefferson, Virginia.
Vice-Presidents— Aaron Burr, New York ; George
Clinton, New York.
Secretary of State — James Madison, of Virginia,
March 5, 1801.
Secretaries of the Treasury — Samuel Dexter, con-
tinued in office ; Albert Gallatin, of Pennsylvania, May
14, 1802.
Secretary of War — Henry Dearborn, of Masachu-
setts, March 4, 1801.
Secretaries of the Navy — Benjamin Stoddert, con-
tinued in office ; Robert Smith, of Maryland, January
26, 1802; Jacob Crowninshield, of Massachusetts,
March 2, 1805.
Postmasters- General-Joseph. Habersham, continued
in office; Gideon Granger, of Connecticut, January 26,
1802.
Attorneys- General — Theophilus Parsons, of Massa-
chusetts, February, 20, 1801, declined ; Levi Lincoln, of
Massachusetts, March 5, 1801 ; resigned in 1805. Robert
Smith, of Maryland, March 2, 1805 ; John Breckin-
TABULAR RECORDS
507
ridge, of Kentucky, December 25, 1805 ; Caesar A.
Rodney, of Delaware, January 20, 1807.
FOURTH ADMINISTRATION— 1809 to 1817.—
Eight Years.
President — James Madison, Virginia.
Vice-Presidents — George Clinton, New York,
Elbhidge Geruy, Massachusetts.
Secretaries of State — Robert Smith, of Maryland,
March 6, 1809 ; James Monroe, of Virginia, November
25, 1811.
Secretaries of the Treasury — Albert Gallatin, con-
tinued in office ; George W. Campbell, of Tennessee,
February 9, 1814 ; Alexander J. Dallas, of Pennsyl-
vania, October 6, 1814.
Secretaries of War — William Eustis, of Massachu-
setts, March 7, 1809 ; John Armstrong, of New York,
January 19, 1813 ; James Monroe, of Virginia, Septem-
ber 26, 1814; William H. Crawford, of Georgia,
March 2, 1815.
Secretaries of the Navy — Paul Hamilton, of South
Carolina, March 7, 1809 ; William Jones, of Pennsyl-
vania, January 12, 1813 ; Benjamin W. Crowninshield,
of Massachusetts, December 17, 1814.
Postmasters- General — Gideon Granger, continued in
office ; R. J. Meigs, of Ohio, March 17, 1814.
Attorneys-General — Caesar A. Rodney, continued in
office ; William Pinkney, of Maryland, December 11,
1811 ; Richard Rush, February 10, 1814.
FIFTH ADMINISTRATION— 1817 to 1825.—
Eight Years.
President — James Monroe, Virginia.
Vice-President — Daniel D. Tomkins, New York.
Secretary of State — John Q. Adams, of Massachu-
setts, March 3, 1817.
Secretary of the Treasury — William Crawford, of
Georgia, October 22, 1817.
Secretaries of War — Isaac Shelby, of Kentucky,
March 5, 1817, declined the appointment ; John C.
Calhoun, of South Carolina, December 16, 1817.
Secretaries of the Navy — Benjamin W. Crownin-
shield, continued in office ; Smith Thompson, of New
York, November 30, 1818 ; John Rogers, ad interim,
1823 ; Samuel L. Southard, of New Jersey, Decem-
ber 9, 1823.
Postmasters- General — Return J. Meigs, continued in
office ; John McLean, of Ohio, December 9, 1823.
Attorney- General — William Wirt, of Virginia,
December 15, 1817.
SIXTH ADMINISTRATION— 1825 to 1829.—
Four Years.
President — John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts.
Vice President — John C. Calhoun, South Carolina.
Secretary of State — Henry Clay, of Kentucky, March
8, 1825.
Secretary of the Treasury — Richard Rush, of Penn-
sylvania, March 7, 1825.
Secretaries of War — James Barbour, of Virginia,
March 7, 1825 ; Peter B. Porter, of New York, May
26, 1828.
Secretary of tlie Navy — Samuel L. Southard, con-
tinued in office.
Postmaster- General — John McLean, continued in
office.
Attorney-General — William Wirt, continued in
office.
SEVENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1829 to 1837.—
Eight Years.
President — Andrew Jackson, Tennessee,
Vice-President — John C. Calhoun, South Carolina;
Martin Van Buren, New York.
Secretaries of State — Martin Van Buren, of New
York, March 6, 1829 ; Edward Livingston, of Louisi-
ana, 1831 ; Louis McLane, of Delaware, 1833 ; John
Forsyth, of Georgia, 1834.
35
Secretaries of the Treasury — Samuel D. Ingham, of
Pennsylvania, March 6, 1829 ; Louis McLane, of
Delaware, 1831 ; William J. Duane, of Pennsylvania,
1833 ; Roger B. Taney, of Maryland, 1833 (not con-
firmed by the Senate) ; Levi Woodbury, of New
Hampshire, 1834.
Secretaries of TTar— John H. Eaton, of Tennessee,
March 9, 1829 ; Lewis Cass, of Michigan. 1831.
Secretaries of the Navy — John Branch, of North
Carolina, March 9, 1829 ;' Levi Woodbury, of New
Hampshire, 1831 ; Malilon Dickerson, of New Jersey,
1834.
Postmasters- General — William T. Barry,* of Ken-
tucky, March 9, 1829 ; Amos Kendall, of Kentucky,
1835.
Attorneys- General — John M. Berrien, of Georgia,
March 9, 1829 ; Roger B. Taney, of Maryland, Decem-
ber 27, 1831 ; Benjamin F. Butler, of New York, June
24, 1834.
EIGHTH ADMINISTRATION-
FouR Years.
-1837 TO 1841.—
President — Martin Van Buren, New York.
Vice-President — Richard M. Johnson, Kentucky.
Secretary of State — John Forsyth, of Georgia, June
27, 1834.
Secretary of the Treasury — Levi Woodbury, of
New Hampshire, June 27, 1834.
Secretary of War — Joel R. Poinsett, of South Caro-
lina, March 7, 1837.
Secretaries of the Navy — Mahlon Dickerson, of New
Jersey, June 30, 1834; James K. Paulding, of New
York, June 30, 1838.
Postmasters- General — Amos Kendall, of Kentucky,
May 1, 1835 ; John M. Niles, of Connecticut, May 25,
1840.
Attorneys- General — Benjamin F. Butler, of New
York, continued in office, having acted for five months
as Serectary of War ; Felix Grundy, of Tennessee,
September 1, 1838 ; Henry D. Gilpin, of Pennsylvania,
January 10, 1840.
NINTH ADMINISTRATION— 1841 to 1845.— Four
Years.
President — General William Henry Harrison,
Ohio. Died April 4, 1841.
Vice-President — John Tyler, Virginia.
President — John Tyler, Virginia (from April 4,
1841).
Secretaries of State — Daniel Webster, of Massachu-
setts, March 5, 1841 ; Hugh S. Legare, of South Car-
olina, May 9, 1843, died June 20, 1843 ; Abel P. Up-
shur, of Virginia, June 24, 1843, died February 28,
1844 ; John Nelson, acting, February 29, 1844 ; John
C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, March 6, 1844.
Secretaries of the Treasury — Thomas Ewing, of
Ohio, March 5, 1841 ; Walter Forward, of Pennsyl-
vania, September 13, 1841 ; John C. Spencer, of New
York, March 3, 1843 ; George M. Bibb, of Kentucky,
June 15, 1844.
Secretaries of War — John Bell, of Tennessee, March
5, 1841 ; John C. Spencer, of New York, October 12,
1841, transferred to Treasury Department ; James M.
Porter, of Pennsylvania, March 8, 1843, rejected by the
Senate ; William Wilkins, of Pennsylvania, Febru-
ary 15, 1844.
Secretaries of the Navy — George E. Badger, of
North Carolina, March 5, 1841 ; Abel P. Upshur, of
Virginia, September 13, 1841, transferred to Depart-
ment of State ; David Henshaw, of Massachusetts,
July 24, 1843, rejected by the Senate ; Thomas W.
Gilmer, of Virginia, February 15, 1844, died February
* Before the accession of Andrew Jackson to the presidency,
the Postmaster-General was looked upon as the head of a bureau,
but President Jackson invited Mr. Barry to a sear in his Cabinet
meetings, since which time the head of the Post office Depart-
ment has been considered a regular member of the Cabinet.
508
TABULAR RECORDS
28, 1844 ; John Y. Mason, of Virginia, March 14,
1844.
Postmasters-General — Francis Granger, of New
York, March 6, 1841 ; Charles A. WicklifEe, of Ken-
tucky, Septemiaer 13, 1841.
Attorneys- General — John J. Crittenden, of Ken-
tucky, March 5, 1841 ; Hugh S. Legare, of South Car-
olina, September 13, 1841, died ; John Nelson, of Mary-
land, January 2, 1844.
TENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1845 to 1849.— Four
Years.
President — James Knox Polk, Tennessee.
Vice-President — George M. Dallas, Pennsylva-
nia.
Secretary of State — James Buchanan, of Pennsyl-
vania, March 5, 1845.
Secretary of the Treasury — Robert J. Walker, of
Mississippi, March 5, 1845.
Secretary of War — William L. Marcy, of New York,
March 5, 1845.
Secretaries of the Navy — George Bancroft, of Massa-
chusetts, March, 1845 ; John Y. Mason, of Virginia,
in 1846.
Postmaster-General — Cave Johnson, of Tennessee,
March 5, 1845.
Attorneys- General — John Y. Mason, of Virginia,
March 5, 1845 ; Nathan Clifford, of Maine, December
23, 1846 ; Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut, June 21,
1848.
ELEVENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1849 to 1853—
Four Years.
President — Zachary Taylor, Louisiana. Died
July 9, 1850.
Vice-President — Millard Fillmore, New York.
President — Millard Fillmore, New York. Suc-
ceeded Zachary Taylor, on his death, July 9, 1850.
Secretaries of State — John M. Clayton, of Delaware,
March 7, 1849 ; Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts,
July 20, 1850, died October 24, 1852 ; Edward Everett,
of Massachusetts, November, 1852.
Secretaries of the Treasury — William M. Meredith,
of Pennsylvania, March 7, 1849 ; Thomas Cor win, of
Ohio, July 20, 1850.
Secretaries of War — George W. Crawford, of Geor-
gia, March 7, 1849 ; Winfield Scott, ad interim, July
23, 1850 ; Charles M. Conrad, of Louisiana, August
15, 1850.
Secretaries of tJie Navy — William B. Preston, of Vir-
ginia, March 7, 1849 ; William A. Graham, of North
Carolina, July 20, 1850; John P. Kennedy, of Mary-
land, in 1852.
Secretaries of the Interior — Thomas Ewing, of Ohio,
March 7, 1849 ; Alexander H. H. Stuart, of Virginia,
September 12, 1850.
Postmasters- General — Jacob Collamer, of Vermont,
March 7, 1849 ; Nathan K. Hall, of New York, July
20, 1850 ; Samuel D. Hubbard, of Connecticut, 1852.
Attorneys- General — Reverdy Johnson, of Maryland,
March 7, 1849 ; John J. Crittenden, of Kentucky, July
20, 1850.
TWELFTH ADMINISTRATION— 1853 to 1857.—
Four Years.
President — Franklin Pierce, New Hampshire.
Vice-President — William R. King, Alabama. Died
April 18, 1853.
Secretary of State — William L. Marcy, of New York.
March 7, 1853.
Secretary of the Treasury — James Guthrie, of Ken-
tucky, March 7, 1853.
Secretary of War — Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi,
March 7, 1853.
Secretary of the Navy — James C. Dobbin, of North
Carolina, March 7, 1 853.
Secretary of the Interior — Robert McClelland, of
Michigan, March 7, 1853.
Postmaster-General — James Campbell, of Pennsyl-
vania, March 7, 1853.
Attorney -General — Caleb Cushing, of Massachu-
setts, March 7, 1853.
THIRTEENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1857 to 1861.
— Four Years.
President — James Buchanan, Pennsylvania.
Vice-President — John C. Breckinridge, Ken-
tucky.
Secretaries of State — Lewis Cass, of Michigan, March,
1857 ; Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsylvania, December,
1860.
Secretaries of the Treasury — Howell Cobb, of Geor-
gia, March, 1857 ; Philip F. Thomas, of Maryland,
December, 1860 ; John A. Dix, of New York, January,
1861.
Secretaries of War — John B. Floyd, of Virginia,
March, 1857 ; Joseph Holt, of Kentucky, December,
1860.
Secretary of the Navy — Isaac Toucey, of Connecti-
cut, March, 1857.
Secretary of the Interior — Jacob Thompson, of Mis-
sissippi, March, 1857.
Postmasters-General — Aaron V. Brown, of Tennes-
see, March, 1857, died ; Joseph Holt, of Kentucky,
March, 1859 ; Horatio King, of Maine, February 12,
1861.
Attorneys-General — Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsyl-
vania, March, 1857 ; Edwin M. Stanton, of Ohio, De-
cember, 1860.
FOURTEENTH ADMINISTRA.TION— 1861 to 1869.
— Eight Years.
President — Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois. Died
April 15, 1865.
Vice-Presidents — Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine ;
Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, March 4, 1865.
President — Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, suc-
ceeded Abraham Lincoln, on his death April 15,1865.
Secretary of State — William H. Seward, of New
York, March, 1861.
Secretaries of the Treasury — Salmon P. Chase, of
Ohio, March, 1861 ; William P. Fessenden, of Maine,
July 1, 1864 ; Hugh McCuUoch, of Indiana, March,
1865.
Secretaries of War — Simon Cameron, of Pennsylva-
nia, March, 1861 ; Edwin M. Stanton, of Ohio, Janu-
ary, 1862, suspended August 12, 1867, and General
U. S. Grant appointed ad interim ; but, by order of
the Senate, Mr. Stanton was re-instated in the War
Office, January 14, 1868. On the 21st of February,
1868, Mr. Stanton was removed from office, and Ma-
jor-General Lorenzo Thomas, the Adjutant-General,
was appointed Secretary of War ad interim ; but the
Senate did not concur, and Mr. Stanton continued in
office. The Senate, as a Court of Impeachment, hav-
ing failed, Mr. Stanton, on the 26th of May, volun-
tarily retired from the War Department. John M.
Schofield, of Illinois, May 30, 1868.
Secretary of the Navy — Gideon Welles, of Connecti-
cut, March, 1861.
Secretaries of the Interior — Caleb B. Smith, of Indi-
ana, March, 1861, resigned December, 1862; John P.
Usher, of Indiana, January, 1863 ; James Harlan, of
Iowa, May, 1865 ; O. H. Browning, of Illinois, ap-
pointed in July, 1866, but did not enter upon his duties
-until September 1, 1866.
Postmasters-General — Montgomery Blair, of Mary-
land, March, 1861 ; William Dennison, of Ohio, Octo-
ber, 1864 ; Alexander W. Randall, of Wisconsin, July,
1866.
Attorneys-General — Edward Bates, of Missouri,
March, 1861 ; James Speed, of Kentucky, December,
1864 ; H. F. Stanbery, of Kentucky, July 1866, but
resigned March 12, 1868 ; O. H. Browning, of Illinois,
Acting, March, 1868 ; William M. Evarts, of New
York, July, 1868.
TABULAR RECORDS.
509
FIFTEENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1869 to 1877.—
Eight Years.
President — Ulysses S. Grant, of Illinois.
Vice-Presidents — Schuyler Colfax, of Indiana ;
Henry Wilson, of Massachusetts.
Secretaries of State — Elilm B. Washburne, of Illi-
nois, March 5, 1869, resigned ; Hamilton Fish, of New
York, March 11, 1869.
Secretaries of the Treasury — Alexander T. Stewart,
of New York, March 5, 1869, but as he was found in-
eligible to the position, because of his being engaged
in commerce, he declined ; George S. Boutwell, of
Massachusetts, March 11, 1869 ; William A. Richard-
son, of Massachusetts, March 17, 1873 ; Benjamin H.
Bristow, of Kentucky, June 4, 1874.
Secretaries of War — John M. Schofield, of Missouri,
continued in office ; John A. Rawlins, of Illinois,
March 11, 1869 ; William W. Belknap, of Ohio, Octo-
ber 13, 1869.
Secretaries of the Navy — Adolph E. Borie, of Penn-
sylvania, March 5, 1869, resigned ; George M. Robe-
son, of New Jersey, June 22, 1869.
Secretaries of the Interior— iSiCoh D. Cox, of Ohio,
March 5, 1869 ; Columbus Delano, of Ohio, November,
1870 ; Zachariah Chandler, of Michigan, October, 1875.
Postmasters-General — John A. J. Cresswell, of Ma-
ryland, March 5, 1869 ; James W. Marshall, ad inter-
im, July 7, 1874 ; Marshall Jewell, of Connecticut,
September 1, 1874.
Attorneys-Oeneral — Ebenezer R. Hoar, of Massa-
chusetts, March 5, 1869 ; Amos T. Ackerman, of
Georgia, June 16, 1869 ; George H. Williams, of
Oregon, December 14, 1871 ; Edwards Pierrepont,
May 15, 1875.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE CIVIL SERVICE.
[officially prepared for this volume.]
While the Constitution specifies no man as an ex-
ecutive officer excepting the President, his Cabinet
Ministers have always shared the title with him ; but
the real executive officers of the General Government
are the men who have charge of the bureaus of the
several departments. They are the men, moreover,
with whom the people come more directly in contact
while attending to business in Washington, and the
following is an authentic list of such officers who
have held appointments since the foundation of the
government. And here the compiler desires to make
the statement that where the dates are omitted it is
because the records of the officers are incomplete ; and
also that it has been impossible for him to separate
the dates of appointment from those of confirmation
by the Senate, several months having occasionally
transpired between the dates.
DEPARTMEMT OF STATE.
Assistant Secretaries. — A. Dudley Mann, March 23,
1853. William Hunter, May 8, 1855. John Addison
Thomas, November 1, 1855. John Appleton, April 4,
1857. Frederick W. Seward, March 6, 1861. J. C.
Bancroft Davis, March 25, 1869. William Hunter
(present incumbent), July 27, 1866. John J. Cadwala-
der, July 1, 1874. John A. Campbell, February 24, 1875.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT.
Assistant Secretaries. — Tench Coxe (office abolished
June 30, 1792), September 11, 1789. Charles B. Pen-
rose, March 12, 1849. Allen A. Hall, October 10, 1849.
William L. Hodge, November 16, 1850. Peter G.
Washington, March 4, 1853. Philip Clavton, March
13, 1858. George Harrington, March 13, 1861. M. W.
Field, March 18, 1864. William E. Chandler, June
5, 1865. John F. Hartley, July 11, 1865. Edmund
Cooper, November 20, 1867. William A. Richardson,
March, 1869. Frederick A. Sawyer, March 19, 1873 ;
Charles F. Conant, July 1, 1874. Curtis F. Burnham,
May 4, 1874.
ComptrolUrs. — Nicholas Eveleigh, September 11,
1789. Oliver Wolcott, Jr., June 17. 1791. Jonathan
Jackson, February 25, 1795. John Davis, June 26,
1795. John Steele, July 1, 1796. Gabriel Duval,
December 15, 1802. Richard Rush, November 22,
1811. Ezekiel Bacon, February 11, 1814. Joseph
Anderson, February 28, 1815. George Wolf, June 18,
1836. James N. Barker, February 23, 1838. Walter
Forward, April 6, 1841. James W. McCuUoh, April
1, 1842. Elisha Whittlesey, May 31, 1849. William
Medill, May 1, 1857. Elisha Whittlesey (reappointed),
April 10, 1861. Robert W. Taylor (present incum-
bent), January 14, 1863.
Second Comptrollers.— Wic\id,xdi Cutts, March 22, 1817,
Isaac Hill, March 21, 1829. James B. Thornton, July
14, 1830. Albion K. Parris, August 20, 1836. Hiland
Hall, November 29, 1850. E. J. Phelps, October 1,
1851. John M. Brodhead, February 14, 1853. James
Madison Cutts, October 9, 1857. John M. Brodhead
(reappointed and present incumbent), June 1863.
Commissioners of Customs. — Charles W. Rockwell,
March 16, 1849. Hugh J. Anderson, March 23, 1853,
Samuel Ingham, February 3, 1858. Nathan Sargent,
May 14, 1861. Henry C. Johnson, April 8, 1874
(present incumbent).
First Auditors. — Oliver Wolcott, Jr., September 11,
1789. William Smith, Jr., July 16, 1791. Richard
Harrison, November 29, 1791. Jesse Miller, Decem-
ber 27, 1836. Tully R. Wise, June 17, 1842. William
Collins, July 24, 1844. William Collins, December 31,
1844. John C. Clarke, August 2, 1849. Thomas L.
Smith, October 31, 1849. Thomas L. Smith, July 23,
1850. David W. Mahon, December 21, 1871 (present
incumbent).
Second Auditors. — William Lee, March 6, 1817.
William B. Lewis, March 19, 1830. John McCalla,
March 29, 1845. Philip Clayton, April 9, 1849.
Thomas J. D. Fuller, February 3, 1858. Ezra B.
French (present incumbent), August 7, 1861.
Tliird Auditors.— Feter Hagner, March 6, 1817.
John S. Gallaher, October 22, 1849. John S. Galla-
her, August 31, 1850. Francis Burt, April 6, 1853.
Robert J. Atkinson, August 28, 1854. Robert J. At-
kinson, February 19, 1855. Elijah Sells, July 18,
1864. John Wilson, October 28, 1864. Allan Ruth-
erford (present incumbent), April 21, 1871.
Fourth Auditors. — William Winder (called ac-
countant of the navy), July 16, 1798. Thomas Tur-
ner (called accountant of the navy), January, 1800.
Constant Freeman (called accountant of the navy),
February, 1816. Constant Freeman (Auditor), March.
6, 1817. William P. Van Ness, May 26, 1824. Wll-
liam Lee, February to June, 1824. Tobias Watkins,
January 3, 1825. Amos Kendall, May 10, 1830.
John C. Pickett, January 5, 1836. Aaron O. Dayton,
June 9, 1838. A. J. O'Bannon, March 1. 1859. Talia-
ferro Hunter, August 15, 1860. Hobart Berrian,May
4, 1861. Stephen J. W. Tabor (present incumbent),
June 1,1863.
Fifth Auditors. — Stephen Pleasanton, March 6,
1817. Josiah Minot, March 3, 1855. Murray McCon-
nell, August 1, 1855. Bartholomew Fuller, March 1,
1859. John C. Underwood, July 31, 1861. Charles M.
Walker, August 31, 1863. H. D. Barron, April, 1869.
J. H. Ela, 1872.
Sixth Auditors. — Charles K. Gardner, July 2, 1836,
Elisha Whittlesey, March 19, 1841. Matthew St.
Clair Clark, December 19, 1843. Peter G. Washing-
610
TABULAR RECORDS
ton, March 26, 1845. John W. Farrelly, November
5, 1849. William F. Phillips, April 7, 1853. Thomas
M. Tate, October 1, 1857. Green Adams, April 17,
1861. Elijah Sells, October 26, 1864. Isaac N. Ar-
nold, April 29, 1865. Hugh J. Anderson, September
26, 1866. John J. Martin, May, 1869. C. C. Sheets,
1875. Jacob M. McGrew (present incumbent), 1875.
Treasurers. — Samuel Meredith, September 11,1789.
Thomas Tudor Tucker, January 1, 1801. Michael
Nourse (ad interim). May 3, 1828. William Clark,
July 1, 1828. John Campbell, July 1, 1829. Wil-
liam Selden, July 22, 1839. William B. Randolph
{ad interim), November 24, 1850. John Sloan, De-
cember 1, 1850. Samuel Casey, April 7, 1853. Wil-
liam B. Randolph {ad interim), December 23, 1859,
William C. Price, April 4, 1860. Francis E. Spinner,
March, 1801. John C. New, 187^ (present incumbent).
Registers. — Joseph Nourse, September 11, 1789.
Thomas L. Smith, June 1, 1829. Ransom H. Gillett,
April 1, 1845. Daniel Graham, Jane 4, 1847. Michael
Nourse (acting), March 6, 1849. Allen A. Hall, April
9, 1849. Michael Nourse (acting). January 18, 1850.
Townsend Haines, February 13, 1850. Nathan Sar-
gent, November 1, 1851. Finley Bigger, April 20,
1853. L. E. Chittenden, April 17, 1861. Stoddard
B. Colby (died in 1867), August 12, 1864. Noah L.
Jeffries, September 3, 1867. John Allison (present
incumbent), April 3, 1869.
Comptrollers of the Currency. — Hugh McCulloch
May 9, 1863. Freeman Clarke, March 9, 1865, Sam-
uel T. Howard (deputy), June, 1865. Hiland R. Hul-
burd (deputy). July 24, 1865. Hiland R. Hulburd,
February 6, 1867. John Jay Knox, April 25, 1872.
Solicitors. — Virgil Maxey, May 20, 1830. Henry D.
Gilpin, September 25, 1837. Matthew Birchard,
January 19, 1840. Charles B. Penrose, September
19, 1841. Seth Barton, March 25, 1845. Ransom H.
Gillett, May 27, 1847. John C. Clark, July 23, 1850.
George F. Comstock, November 15, 1852. F. B.
Streeter, January 23, 1854. Junius Hillyer, Decem-
ber 1, 1857. Edward Jordan, March 28, 1861. E. C.
Banfield, 1860. Bluford Wilson (in office).
Commissioners of Internal Revenue. —George S.
Boutwell, July 17, 1862. Joseph J. Lewis, March 4,
1863. William Orton, July 1, 1865. Edward Ashton
Rollins, November 1, 1865. Columbus Delano, 1869.
John W. Douglass, August 8, 1871. D. D. Pratt,
(present incumbent), May 4, 1875.
Director of Bureau of Statistics. — Alexander Del-
mar, 1866. Abolished by act of June, 1868, from be-
ginning of 1869.
Superintendents of the Coast Survey. — Alexander D.
Bache (died February 17, 1867), December 12, 1843.
J. E. Hilgard (assistant in charge), October 1, 1846.
Benjamin Pierce, September 27, 1867. C. P. Patter-
{*on (present incumbent), May 4, 1871.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
Assistant Secretaries. — John P. Usher, March 20,
1862. William T. Otto, January 28, 1863. Benjamin
R. Cowen, April, 1871.
Commissioners of the Land Office. — Prior to April,
1812, grants of land were issued by letters patent
from the Department of State, and in that year the
act was passed establishing the General Land Office.
From that time it was a branch of the Treasury De-
partment, but when the Department of the Interior
was organized the Land Office became one of its bu-
reaus, and has so continued to the present time. As
the compiler was unable to obtain an official list of
commissioners, it is not certain that the following
names and dates are entirely correct, but he did the
best he could under the circumstances. In the Land
Office itself there is no official record of those who
have served as commissioners.
Edward Tiffin, May 7, 1812. Josiah Meigs, Octo-
ber 11, 1814. John McLean, December 24, 1822.
George Graham, December 15, 1823. Elijah Hay ward,
December 16, 1830. Ethan A. Brown, January 5,
1836. James Whitcomb, December 27, 1836. Elisha
M. Huntington, July 3, 1841. Thomas H. Blake, May
19, 1842. James Shields, April 16, 1845. Richard M.
Young, January 6, 1847. Justin Butterfield, January
24, 1850. John Wilson, February 16, 1852. Thomas
A. Hendricks, January 8, 1856. Joseph S. Wilson,
February 23, 1860. James M. Edmonds, March 19,
1861. Joseph S. Wilson, September 1, 1866. Willis
Drummoud, February, 1871. Samuel S. Burdett,
June, 1874.
Commissioners of the Patent 0/^c6-^(Reorganized by
law July 4, 1836, prior to which the heads of the
office were styled Superintendents, and the men hold-
ing that office were as follows: — William Thornton,
1802 ; Thomas P. Jones, April 12, 1828 ; John D.
Craig, January 1, 1830 ; and James C. Pickett, Janu-
ary 1, 1836.) Henry L. Ellsworth, July 4, 1836. Ed-
mund Burke, May 5, 1845. Thomas Ewbank, May
19, 1849. S. H. Hodges, November 8, 1852. Richard
C. Weightman, A.cting Commissioner from March 25
to May 15, 1853. Charles Mason, March 16, 1853.
Samuel T. Shugert, Acting Commissioner from March
5, 1857, to September 9, 1857. Joseph Holt, Septem-
ber 10, 1857. Samuel T. Shugert, Acting Commis-
sioner from March 15, to May 22, 1859. William D.
Bishop, May 23, 1859. Philip F. Thomas, February
6, 1860. Samuel T. Shugert, Acting Commissioner
from December 14, 1860, to March 27, 1861. David P.
Hollo way, March 28, 1861. Thomas C. Theaker. August
17, 1865.' S. S. Fisher, April 26, 1869. M. D. Leggett,
January 30, 1871. I. M. Thackery, November 1,
1874. *R. Holland Duel, September 6, 1875.
Commissioners of the Pension Office. — James L. Ed-
wards, March 3, 1833. James E. Heath, November
27, 1850. Loren P. Waldo, March 17, 1853. Josiah
Minot, Januarv 10, 1856. George C. Whiting, January
19, 1857. Joseph H. Barrett, May 1, 1861. Resigned.
C. C. Cox, July, 1868. Henry Van Reman, 1869.
James H. Baker, . H. M. Atkinson, March, 1875.
Commissioners of Indian Affairs — Organized July
9, 1832.— Elbert Herring, July, 1832. Carey A. Harris,
July 5, 1836. Thomas Hartley Crawford, October 22,
1838. William Medill, October 30, 1845. Orlando
Brown, July 2, 1849. Duke Lea, July 2, 1850.
George W.Manypenny, March 30, 1853. James W.
Denver, April 17, 1857. Charles E. Mix, June 17,
1858. James W. Denver, November 8, 1858. .Alfred
B. Greenwood, May 13, 1859. William P. Dole,
xMarch 14, 1861. Dennis N. Cooley, July 11, 1865.
Lewis V. Bogy, November 1, 1866. Nathaniel G.
Taylor, March 27, 1867. Eli S. Parker, April, 1869.
Francis A. Walker, December, 1871. Edward D.
Smith, March, 1873. John Q. Smith, December,
1875. It should be stated here that Mr. Mix
has been chief clerk of the office for many years,
and that his services as Acting Commissioner, at dif-
ferent times, would comprehend nearly four years.
Commissioner of the Public Buildings. — [From
1791 to 1802 the public buildings were under the
charge of a Board of Commissioners, and the follow-
ing were members of said board, namely : — Thomas
Johnson, Daniel Carroll, David Stewart, Gustavus
Scott, William Thornton, Alexander White, William
Cranch, and Tristani Dalton.]
Thomas Munroe, Superintendent, June 2, 1802.
Samuel Lane, date of appointment not known. Jo-
seph Elgar, Commissioner, April 9, 1816. William
Noland, February 10, 1834. Andrew Beaumont, No-
vember 5, 1846. Charles Douglass, March 3, 1847.
Ignatius Mudd, July 23, 1850. William Easby, March
12, 1851. Benjamin B. French, June 30, 1853. John
B. Blake, July 1, 1854. William S. Wood, July 12,
1861. Benjamin B. French, September 7, 1861.
[In February, 1867, the office of Commissioner was
abolished, and provision made for detailing an officer
of the Engineer Corps to perform the duties pre-
viously devolving upon the Commissioner.]
TABULAR RECORDS.
511
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
[Prior to the establishment of this office on an in-
dependent footing, its affairs were under the general
supervision of the Commissioner of the Patent Office,
or the Secretary of the Interior Department, and its
immediate head was called a Superintendent,]
Goramissioner. — Isaac Newton, July 1, 1862. Died.
John W. Stokes, June 20, 1867 (Acting Commissioner).
Horace Capron, November 39, 1867. Frederick
Watts, 1871.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION.
Commissioner. — Henry Barnard, March, 1867. John
Eaton.
WAR DEPARTMENT.
Assistant Secretaries. — Thomas A. Scott, March,
1861. P. H. Watson, January 22, 1862. John Tucker,
January 27, 1862. C. P. Wolcott, September 1, 1862.
Charles A. Dana, March 1, 1864. Regular officers of
the army officiate at the head of all the bureaus of
this Department.
KAVY DEPARTMENT.
Assistant Secretaries. — Gustavus V, Fox, July 81,
1861. (He M'as also additional Secretary six months
from November 26, 1866.) William Faxon, June 1,
1866. Regular officers of the Navy officiate at the
head of all the bureaus of this Department.
OFFICE OF ATTORNEY-GENERAL.
Assistant Attorney s-Oeneral. — Alfred B. McCal-
mont, March, 1859. Titian J. Coflfey, March, 1861.
J. Hubley Ashton, May, 1864. John M. Binckley,
1867. J. Hubley Ashton, July, 1868. Z. Lyle Dickey,
July, 1868. Walbridge A. Field, 1869. Thomas H.
Talbot, 1869. Clement H. Hill, 1870. Walter H.
Smith, 1871. Wm. McMichael, 1871. JohnGoforth,
1873. John Cessna, 1875. Thomas Simmons, 1875.
Edwin B. Smith, 1875. Augustus S. Gaylord, 1875.
Solicitors-General. — B. H. Bristow, 1870. Samuel
F. Phillips, 1872.
POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
Assistant Postmasters-Oeneral. — Seth Pease, in of-
fice 1816. Abraham Bradley, Jr. , in office 1817. Phin-
eas Bradley, in office 1818.
First Assistants. — Charles K. Gardner, appointed in
1829 Selah R. Hobbie, 1836. S. D. Jacobs, 1851.
Selah R. Hobbie, 1853. Horatio King, 1854. St.
John B. L. Skinner (acting), 1861. John A. Kasson,
1861. Alexander W. Randall, 1862. St. John B. L.
Skinner, 1866. George Earle, 1869. James W. Mar-
shall, 1869 (resigned). James H. Marr, 1874, ad int.
James W. Marshall, 1874 (second time).
Second Assistants. — Selah R. Hobbie, 1829. Robert
Johnson, 1836. Philo C. Fuller, 1841. John C.
Bryan, 1842 or 1843. J. W. Tyson, 1843. N. M. Mil-
ler, 1844. William Medill, 1845. William J. Brown,
1845. Fitz Henry Warren, 1851. William H. Dun-
das, 1852. George W. McLellan, 1861. Giles A.
Smith, in 1869. John L. Routh, 1871. James M.
Tyner, 1875.
Third Assistants. — Daniel Coleman, 1836. John S.
Skinner, 1841. N. M. Miller, 1845. [For a time this
office was dispensed with, and when revived the fol-
lowing were appointed] : — John Marron (no date giv-
en). Alexander N. Zevely, 1859. W. H. H. Terrell,
1869, resigned. Edward W. Barber, 1873.
SUPERINTENDENTS OF PUBLIC PRINTING.
Prior to 1819 the printing of Congress and the de-
partments was given to the lowest bidders, and exe-
cuted by contract ; in that year a law was passed
making it the duty of the Senate and House of Rep-
resentatives to elect printers to do their work sepa-
rately, and on several occasions the two Houses select-
ed the same man, or firm, who were continued from
one Congress to another. The persons elected under
this order of things until the national printing-office
was established were as follows : — Gales & Seaton,
S., 1820 ; H., 1821 ; S., 1835 : H., 1841 ; S., 1843. Duff
Green, S., 1831. Blair & Rives, H., 1835 ; H., 1837 ;
H., 1840 ; H., 1843. Thomas Allen, H., 1837 ; S., 1841 ;
Ritchie & Heiss, H. and S., 1845. Robert Armstrong,
S. , 1852. Beverly Tucker, S. , 1853. John T. Towers,
H., 1853. A. O. P. Nicholson, H., 1854; S., 1856.
Cornelius Wendell, H., 1856. William A. Harris, S.,
1857. J. H. Steadman,H.,1857. George W, Bowman,
S., 1860. Thomas H. Ford, H., 1860. The persons
who have held the office of Superintendents of Pub-
lic Printing by appointment of the President since
the organization of the National Printing Bureau are
as follows: — John D. Defrees, March 5, 1861. Cor-
nelius Wendell, September 1, 1866. In February,
1867, a law was passed abolishing the title of Super-
intendent, and restoring that of Congressional Printer,
and making the office elective by the Senate, and, on
the 26th of February, 1867, John D. Defrees was
elected to that office, to serve during the pleasure of
the Senate, and he was succeeded by A. M. Clapp,
now in office.
Librarians of Congress, — From the History of
the Federal City, published by S. D. Wyeth, Esq., we
learn that for many years the duties of giving out
books from the Congress Library were performed by
the Clerk of the House. The first Commission was
issued to John Beckley in 1802 ; Patrick Magruder,
1807 ; George Watterston, 1815 ; John S. Meehan,
1829 ; John G. Stephenson, 1861 ; and A. R. Spofford,
(the present incumbent) 1865.
OFFICERS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITU-
TION.
Secretary. — Professor Joseph Henry (present incum-
bent), December 3, 1846.
Assistant Secretary. — Professor Spencer F. Baird
(present incumbent), July 5, 1850. Regents were : —
Vice-Presidents. — G. M. Dallas, M. Fillmore, J. C.
Breckinridge, H. Hamlin, L. F. S. Foster (acting), B.
F. Wade, S. Colfax, and Henry Wilson.
Chief Justices.— R. B. Taney, S. P. Chase, N. Clif-
ford (acting), M. R. Waite.
Mayors of Washington. — W. W. Seaton, Walter
Lenox, John W. Maury, John T. Towers, W. B. Ma-
gruder, J. G. Bennet, R. Wallach, S. J. Bowen, and
M. G. Emery.
Oomrnors of the D. C. — Henry D. Cooke, Alex. R.
Shepherd.
Citizens of Washington. — A. D. Bache, Jos. G. Tot-
ten, Rich. Delafield, Peter Parker, Wm. T. Sherman,
George Bancroft.
Citizens at large. — Rufus Choate, Mass. ; Gideon
Hawley, N. Y. ; Richard Rush, Pa. ; Wm. C. Preston,
S. C. ; C. C. Felton, Mass. ; W. B. Astor, N. Y. ; W.
L. Dayton, N. J.; J. McP. Berrien, Ga. ; L. Agassiz,
Mass. ; Asa Gray, Mass. ; Henry Coppee, Pa. ; John
Maclean, N. J. ; Geo. E. Badger, N. C. ; T. D. Wool-
sey, Ct. ; J. D. Dana, Ct.
Senators. — Geo. Evans, I. S. Pennybacker, S.
Breese, L, Cass, J. A. Pearce, Jeff. Davis, J. M. Ma-
son, L. Trumbull, W. P. Fessenden,H. Hamlin. A. A.
Sargent, R. M. Charlton, S. A. Douglas, Garret Da-
vis, J. W. Stevenson.
Representatives. — Robt. Dale Owen, Wm. J. Hough,
H. W. Hilliard, G. P. Marsh, Robt. McClelland, W.
F Colcock, G. N. FHch, D, Stuart, S, Colfax, Henry
W. Davis, J. A. Garfield, E, R. Hoar, Jas. Meacham.H.
Warner, L. J, Gartrell, E. McPherson, J. W. Patter-
son, L. P. Poland, G. W. Hazelton, Wm. H, English,
Benj. Stanton, S. S. Cox, J. F. Farnsworth, J. V. L.
Pruyn.
512
TABULAR RECORDS.
THE UNITED STATES NAVAL OBSERVATORY.
SUPERINTENDENTS. PROFESSORS.
Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury, from October
1, 1844, to April 20, 1861. Captain James Melville Gil-
liss, from April 22, 1861, to February 9, 1865. Rear-
Adrairal Charles Henry Davis, from April 28, 1865,
to May 8, 1867. Rear- Admiral Benjamin F. Sands,
from May 8, 1867, to February 23, 1874. Rear- Admi-
ral Charles Henry Davis, from February 23, 1874.
The Professors to whom the Observatory is mostly
indebted for its reputation are John H. C. Coffin,
Sears C. Walker, Joseph Hubbard, Reuel Keith,
Mark H. Beecher, James Major, James Ferguson,
Mordecai Yernall, Simon Newcomb, Asaph Hall,
William Harkness, John H. Eastman, Joseph E.
Nourse. H. H. Lockwood.
THE NATIONAL MINT.
LOCATED IN" PHILADELPHIA.
SUPERINTENDENTS.
David Rittenhouse, of Pennsylvania, appointed in
July, 1792. Henry William De Saussure, of South
Carolina, July, 1795. Elias Boudinot, of New Jersey,
October, 1795. Robert Patterson, of Pennsylvania,
July, 1805. Samuel Moore, of Pennsylvania,
July, 1824. Robert M. Patterson, of Pennsylvania,
July, 1835. George N. Eckert. of Pennsylvania, July,
1851. Thomas M. Pettit, of Pennsylvania, April,
1853. James Ross Suowden, of Pennsylvania, June,
1853. James Pollock, of Pennsylvania, April, 1869.
DIRECTOR IN WASHINGTON.
Henry R. Linderman.
BRANCH MINTS.
New Orleans, Louisiana; Charlotte, North Caro-
lina ; San Francisco, California ; Denver, Colorado ;
Carson City, Nevada ; Boise City, Idaho.
Assay office, New York City.
GOLD PRODUCT SINCE 1847— OFFICIAL ESTI-
MATE.
Total, $1,239,730,000.
California, 986,800,000.
All other States, 252,950,000.
SILVER PRODUCT SINCE 1848-OFFICIAL ESTI-
MATE.
Total, $186,800,000.
All at gold valuation in 1875.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS.
[officially prepared for this work.]
The election of the President and Vice-President,
by Colleges of Electors, chosen in each State, was
first proposed in the Convention for the formation of
the Constitution, by James Wilson, a Delegate from
Pennsylvania. It was adopted after a prolonged dis-
cussion, and was regulated by an Act of Congress, of
March 1, 1792. Tho Electors must be chosen within
thirty-four days preceding the first Wednesday of
December of the year in which an election of Presi-
dent and Vice-President takes place. They must be
equal in number to all the Senators and Representa-
tives in Congress, but no Senator or person holding
an office of trust or profit under the United States
can be appointed an Elector. The Electors were at
first chosen in four different modes, viz. : by joint
ballot of the State Legislature, by a concurrent vote
of the two branches of the State Legislature, by the
people of the State, voting by general ticket, and by
the people, voting in districts. This latter mode was
evidently that which gave the fairest expression to
public opinion, by approaching nearest to a direct vote.
But those States which adopted it were placed at the
disadvantage of being exposed to a division of their
strength, and neutralization of their vote ; while the
Electors chosen by either of the other methods voted
in a body on one side or the other, thus making the
voice of the State decisively felt. This consideration
induced the leading States of Massachusetts and Vir-
ginia, which originally adopted the district system,
to abandon it in 1800.
An Act of Congress was approved January 23, 1845,
to establish a uniform time for holding elections for
Electors in all the States of the Union, whereby they
are appointed in each State on the Tuesday next after
the first Monday in the month of November of the
year in which they are to be appointed. Each State
may also by law provide for the filling of any vacan-
cy or vacancies which may occur in its College of-
Electors, when such College meets to give its elector-
al vote ; and when any State shall have held an elec-
tion for the purpose of choosing Electors, and shall
fail to make a choice on the day aforesaid, then the
electors may be appointed on a subsequent day, in
such manner as the State shall by law provide.
The Electors meet at the capitals of their respective
States, on the first Wednesday of December, and vote
by distinct ballots for President and Vice-President,
one of whom shall not be an inhabitant of the same
State with themselves. They make lists of the num-
ber of votes given, and of the persons voted for,
which they transmit sealed, by a special messenger,
to the President of the Senate at Washington.
The Senate and House of Representatives, having
met in convention on a day fixed, the President of the
Senate opens all the certificates, and the votes are
counted. The person having the greatest number of
votes for President is duly elected, if such a number
be a majority of the whole number of Electors ap-
pointed. If no person have such a majority, then
from the persons having the highest number, not ex-
ceeding three, in the list of those voted for as Presi-
dent, the House of Representatives shall choose im-
mediately, and by ballot, the President. If the House
of Representatives shall not choose a President, when-
ever the right of choice devolves upon them, before
the 4th of March next following, then the Vice-Pres-
ident shall act as President, as in the case of the death
or other constitutional disability of the President.
Should the offices of President and Vice-President
both become vacant, it then becomes the duty of the
TABULAR RECORDS.
513
Secretary of State to communicate information there-
of to the Executive of each State, and to cause the
same to be published in at least one newspaper in
every State, giving two months' previous notice that
Electors of President shall be chosen or appointed in.
the several States, within thirty-four days next pre-
ceding the first Wednesday in December ensuing,
when the choice of President must proceed as usual.
FIRST PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.
George Washington was unanimously elected
President, receiving 69 votes. John Adams was
elected Vice-President, receiving 34 votes ; while
John Jay had 9 votes, Robert H. Harrison 6, John
Rutledge 6, John Hancock 4, George Clinton 3, Samuel
Huntington 2, James Armstrong 1, Edward Telfair 1,
and Benjamin Lincoln 1. The electors were :
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Benjamin Bellows, Ebenezer Thompson.
1. John Pickering, 2. John Parker,
3. John Sullivan.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Caleb Davis,
1. Samuel Philips, Jr., 5.
2. Walter Spooner, 6.
3. Francis Dana, 7.
4. Moses Gill, 8.
David Sewall.
Samuel Henshaw,
William Cushing,
William Sever,
William Shepard.
CONNECTICUT.
Samuel Huntington, Erastus Wolcott.
1. Oliver Wolcott, 3. Richard Law,
3. Thaddeus Burr, 4. Jedediah Huntington,
5. Matthew Griswold.
David Brearley,
1. James Kinsey,
2. John Rutherford,
NEW JERSEY.
David Moore.
3. John Neilson,
4. Matthias Ogden.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Edward Hand,
George Gibson,
James O'Harra,
John Arndt,
David Grier,
James Wilson.
5. Collinson Read,
6. Samuel Potts,
7. Lawrence Keene,
8. Alexander Graydon.
DELAWARE.
Gunning Bedford, George Mitchell.
1. John Baning.
John Rogers,
1. George Plater,
2. Robert Smith,
3. William Tilghman,
MARYLAND.
Philip Thomas.
4. William Richardson,
5. Alexander C. Hanson,
6. William Matthews.
VIRGINIA.
Patrick Henry,
1. John Pride, 5.
2. Edward Stevens, 6.
3. Zachariah Johnston, 7.
4. Anthony Walke, 8.
W. Tikhugh.
James Wood,
David Stuart,
John Harvie,
John Roane.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Christopher Gadsden, Edward Rutledge.
1. Henry Laurens, 3. Charles C. Pinckney,
2. Arthur Simkins, 4. Thomas Heyward, Jr.
5. John F. Grimke.
1.
GEORGIA.
George Handley, John Wilson.
George Walton, 2. H. Osborne,
3. John King.
SECOND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1793.
George Washington was again unanimously
elected President, receiving 1.32 votes. John Adams
was elected Vice-President, receiving 77 votes ; while
George Clinton had 50 votes, Thomas Jefferson 4,
and Aaron Burr 1. The Electors were :
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Josiah Bartlett, Benjamin Bellows.
1. John T. Gilman, 3. Jonathan Freeman,
2. John Pickering, 4. Ebenezer Thompson.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Azor Orne,
Francis Dana.
1.
Samuel Holten,
8.
Solomon Freeman,
3.
Ebenezer Matteson,Jr
,9.
William Shepard,
3.
Thomas Dawes.
10.
Nathaniel Wells,
4.
William Sever,
n.
Thompson J. Skinner,
5.
Increase Sumner,
12.
Daniel Cony,
6.
Walter Spooner,
13.
Dwight Foster,
7.
Moses Gill,
14.
Peleg Wadsworth
RHODE ISLAND.
Arthur Fenner, Samuel J. Potter.
1. George Champlin, 2. William Greene.
CONNECTICUT.
Samuel Huntington, John Davenport, Jr.
1. Oliver Wolcott, 4.
2. Thomas Grosvenor, 5.
3. David Austin, 6.
7. Martin Wait.
Elijah Hubbard,
Thomas Seymour,
Sylvester Gilbert,
VERMONT.
Samuel Hitchcock,
1. Lot Hall,
Lemuel Chipman.
Paul Brigham.
NEW YORK.
Jesse Woodhull,
1. Edward Savage, 6.
2. Samuel Clark, 7.
3. Johannes Bruyn, 8.
4. Abraham Yates, Jr., 9.
5. William Floyd, 10.
David Van Ness.
Volkert Veeder,
Abraham Ten Eyck,
Stephen Ward,
John Bay,
Samuel Osgood.
NEW JERSEY.
Thomas H. Sanderson, Aaron D. Woodruffs
1. Richard Stockton, 3. Joseph Bloomfield,,
2. John W. Vancleve, 4. Samuel Dick,,
5. Franklin Davenport.
PENNSYLVANIA.
William Henry,
Robert Coleman
1.
Joseph Heister,
7.
John Wilkins,. Ji*.,
2.
Thomas Bull,
8.
John Boyd,
3.
Thomas McKean,
9.
David Stewart,.
4.
Cornelius Coxe,
10.
James Morris,
5.
Henry Miller,
11.
George Latimer,.
6.
Robert Johnston,
12.
Robert Hare,,
13. Hugh Lloydi
DELAWARE.
James Sykes, Gunning Bedford.'
1. William HiirWeJlS..
MARYLAND.
Alexander C. Hanson^
John E. Howard,.
Levin Winder,
Thomas Lee,
William Smith.,*
Joshua Seney.
5. Richard Potts,
6. Samuel Hughes,*
7. William Richardson,
8. Donaldson Yates.
VIRGINIA.
John Wise, George Carrington.
1. Nathaniel Wilkinson, 3. William O. Callis,
2, John Early, 4. Catesby Jones,
♦Not present.
i)U
TABULAR RECORDS.
5. Elias Langliam,
6. Daniel C. Brent,
7. John Dawson,
8. Stephen T. Mason,
9. John Roane, Jr.,
10. Moses Hunter,
11. James Murdough,
13. Archibald Stuart,
13. Michael Bailey,
14. John Bowyer,
15. Thomas Claiborne,
16. Maxwell Armstrong,
17. John Pride,
18. Claiborne Watkins,
19. Tarlton Woodson.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Stephen Cahames,
1. Alfred Moore,
2. John Mocon,
3. Joel Sane,
4. R. D. Spaight,
5. Benjamin Smith,
John L. Taylor.
6. John M. Binford,
7. Matthew Lock,
8. Peter Dange,
9. James Taylor,
10. William Porter.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Cliarles C. Pinckney, John Chestnut.
1. Andrew Pickens, 4. Edward Rutledge,
2. John Hunter, 5. Robert Anderson,
3. John Barnwell, 6. John Julius Pringle.
GEORGIA.
Benjamin Taliaferro, William Gibbons.
1. John King, 2. Seaborn Jones.
KENTUCKY.
R. C. Anderson, Charles Scott.
1. Benjamin Logan, 2. Notley Conn.
THIRD PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1797.
John Adams was elected President, receiving the
entire vote of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jer-
sey, and Delaware, with 10 scattering votes from
other States, making 71 of the 140 votes cast. Thomas
Jefferson was elected Vice-President, having the
next highest number of votes, 68 ; while Thomas
Pinkney had 58 ; Aaron Burr, 30 ; Samuel Adams, 15 ;
Oliver Ellsworth, 11 ; George Clinton, 7 ; John Jay,
5 ; James Iredell, 3 ; Samuel Johnston, 2 ; George
Washington, 2 ; John Henry, 2 ; Cliarles C. Pinck-
ney, 1. The Electors were :
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
John T. Gilman, Timothy Farrar.
1. Oliver Peabody, 3. Benjamin Bellows.
2. Ebenezer Thompson, 4. Timothy Walker.
VERMONT.
Elijah Dewey,
1. Elisha Sheldon,
John Bridgman,
2. Oliver Gallup.
MASSACHUSETTS.
William Sever,
1. Samuel Holton,
2. Edward H. Bobbins,
3. Elbridge Gerry,
4. Ebenezer Mattoon,
5. Samuel Phillips,
6. Increase Sumner,
7. Thomas Dawes,
Stephen Longfellow.
8. David Rosseter,
9. Nathaniel Wells,
10. Ebenezer Hunt,
11. Elisha May,
12. Joseph Allen,
13. Thomas Rice,
14. Ebenezer Bacon.
RHODE ISLAND.
ArfViur Fenner, Samuel J. Potter.
1. George Champlin, 2. William Greene.
CONNECTICUT.
Oliver Wolcott, Jonathan Trumbull.
1. Jeremiah Wadsworth, 4. William Hart,
2. Heman Swift, 5. Elias Perkins,
3. Elizur Goodrich, 6. Jesse Root,
7. Jonathan Sturges.
NEW YORK.
Lewis Morris,
1. Richard Thorne, 6.
2. Peter Cantine, Jr., 7.
3. A. Ten Broeck, 8.
4. Abijah Hammond, 9.
5. A. Van Vechten, 10.
R. Van Rensselaer.
William Root,
Peter Smith,
St. John Honeywood,
Charles Newkirk,
Johannes Miller.
NEW JERSEY.
John Neilson, Caleb Newbold.
1. Aaron Ogden, 3. Jonathan Rhea,
2. John Blackwood, 4. William Colfax,
5. Elisha Lawrence.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Thomas McKean,
John Smilie.
1.
James Boyd,
7.
Peter Muhlenberg,
2.
Joseph Heister,
8.
Robert Coleman,
3.
William Brown,
9.
Abraham Smith,
4.
John Piper,
10.
Samuel Miles,
5.
John Whitehill,
11.
Jacob Morgan,
6.
W^illiam Irvine,
12.
William Maclay,
13.
James Hanna.
DELAWARE.
Thomas Robinson, Isaac Cooper.
1. Richard Bassett.
MARYLAND.
John R. Plater,
John Archer.
1.
Francis Deakins,
5. John Lynn,
2.
John Gilpin,
6. John Eccleston,
3.
George Murdock,
7. Gabriel Duvall,
4.
John Roberts,
8. John Done.
VIRGINIA.
William Nimmo,
William Terry.
1.
Nathaniel Wilkinson
, 10. Moses Hunter,
2.
David Saunders,
11. Josiah Riddick,
3.
John Taylor,
12. Archibald Stuart,
4.
Catesby Jones,
13. John Mason,
5.
Wilson C. Nichols,
14. John Bowyer,
6.
D. Carroll Brent,
15. Robert Walker,
7.
William Madison,
16. John Brown,
8.
Levin Powell,
17. Georgs Markham,
9.
Benjamin Temple,
18. Robert Crockett,
19. Peter Johnson.
NORTH
CAROLINA.
James Martin,
Richard D. Spaight
1.
Gabriel Raysdale,
6. John Hamilton,
2.
John Gray Blout,
7. William Martin,
3.
John Hamilton,
8. Evan Alexander,
4.
William Edmunds,
9. Anthony Brown,
5.
James Bradley,
10. Sterling HarwelL
SOUTH
CAROLINA.
Edward Rutledge,
Arthur Simkins.
1.
Andrew Pickens,
4. John Mathews,
2.
William Thomas,
5. Thomas Taylor,
3.
John Chesnut,
6. John Rutledge, Jr.
GEORGIA.
James Jackson, Charles Abercrombie.
1. Edward Telfair,
2. William Barnett.
KENTUCKY.
Stephen Ormsby, Caleb Wallace.
1. Isaac Shelby, 2. John Coburn.
TENNESSEE.
Daniel Smith, Hugh Neilson.
1. Joseph Greer.
TABULAR RECORDS
515
FOURTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1801.
Thomas Jefferson and Aakon Burr having each
received 73 of the 128 electoral votes cast, the choice
devolved upon the House of Representatives. The
73 votes comprised all from the States of New York,
Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, South Carolina, and
Georgia, with 8 from Pennsylvania, 5 from Maryland,
and 8 from North Carolina. John Adams had 65
votes ; Charles C, Pinckney, 64 ; and John Jay, 1.
The Electors were :
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Oliver Peabody, Benjamin Bellows.
1. John Prentice,
2. Timothy Farrar,
3. Ebenezer Thompson,
4. Arthur Li vermore.
VERMONT.
Elijah Dewey,
1. Jonathan Hunt,
Roswell Hopkins.
William Chamberlain.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Samuel Phillips,
E. H. Bobbins, 8.
Samuel Sewall, 9.
David Rosseter, 10.
Theophilus Bradbury, 11.
Ebenezer Hunt, 12.
John Hooker, 13.
7. Walter Spooner,
14.
Francis Dana.
Joseph Allen,
William Sever,
S. S. Wilde,
William Baylies,
Lemuel Weeks,
Thomas Dawes,
Andrew P. Fernald.
RHODE ISLAND.
George Champlin, Oliver Davis.
1. Edward Manton, 2. William Greene.
CONNECTICUT.
Jonathan Trumbull, Jonathan IngersoU.
1. John Treadwell, 4. Matthew Griswold,
2. Tapping Reeve, 5. Jonathan Sturges,
3. Jesse Root, 6. J. O. Moseley,
7. Stephen M. Mitchell.
NEW YORK,
Isaac Ledyard,
1. Anthony Lispenard, 6.
2. Robert *Ellis, 7.
3. P. Van Cortlandt, Jr., 8.
4. John Woodworth, 9.
5. James Burt, 10.
Peter Van Ness.
J. Van Rensselaer,
Gilbert Livingston,
Jacob Eaker,
Thomas Jenkins,
William Floyd.
NEW JERSEY.
Isaac Smith, Samuel S. Smith.
1. Thomas Sinnickson, 3. Richard Stockton,
2. M. Williamson, Jr., 4. William Griffith,
5. Joshua L. Howell.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Frederick Kuhn,
1. James Armstrong,
2. John Kean,
3. George Ejre,
4. Jonas Hartzell,
5. John Hubley,
6. Gabriel Heister,
Samuel Wetherill.
7. William Hall,
8. Presly Carr Lane,
9. Samuel W. Fisher,
10. N. B. Boileau,
11. James Crawford, Sr.,
12. Isaac Van Horn,
13. Robert Whitehill.
DELAWARE.
Kensey Johns, Nathaniel Mitchell.
1. Samuel White.
MARYLAND.
Edmund Plowden, Francis Deakins.
5.
6.
7.
1. George Murdock,
2. John Gilpin,
3. Martin Kershner,
4. Perry Spencer,
Gabriel Duvall,
William M. Robertson,
Nicholas B. Moore,
Littleton Dennis.
VIRGINIA.
George Wythe,
1. William Newsum,
2. Richard Brent,
3. William H. Cabell,
4. William Ellzey,
5. James Madison, Jr.,
6. John Brown,
7. John Page,
8. John Preston,
9. Thomas Newton,
Walter Jones.
10. Hugh Holmes,
11. Joseph Jones,
12. Archibald Stewart,
13. William B. Giles,
14. John Shore,
15. Creed Taylor,
16. John Bow\ er,
17. Thomas Reade, Sr.,
18. Daniel Coleman,
19. George Penn.
NORTH CAROLINA.
William Tate,
1. Joseph Winston,
2. William Martin,
3. Absalom Tatom,
4. Bryan Whitfield,
5. Spruce Macay,
SOUTH
John Hunter,
1. Paul Hamilton,
2. Andrew Love,
3. Robert Anderson,
Thomas Brown.
6. Nathan Mayo,
7. Joseph Taylor,
8. Thomas Wynns,
9. Gideon Alston,
10. John Hamilton.
CAROLINA.
Arthur Simkins.
4. Joseph Blyth,
5. Theodore Gaillard,
6. Wade Hampton.
GEORGIA.
Jonn Morrison,
1. Dennis Smelt,
Henry Graybill.
David Blackshear.
KENTUCKY.
John Coburn,
1. John Pope,
Charles Scott.
2. Isaac Shelby.
TENNESSEE.
Daniel Smith, Robert Love.
1. John Locke.
The House of Representatives, on which devolved
the choice between Jefferson and Burr, voted to com-
mence balloting on Wednesday, the eleventh day of
February, to attend to no other business while the
election was pending, and not to adjourn until a
choice was effected. Seats were provided upon the
floor for the President and the Senators, but during
the act of balloting the galleries were cleared of spec-
tators, and the doors were closed. Upon the first bal-
lot New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia,
North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee
(8), voted for Thomas Jefferson ; New Hampshire,
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware,
and South Carolina (6), voted for Aaron Burr ; and
the votes of Vermont and Maryland (the represei)ta-
tives of which w^ere divided) were given blank. The
balloting was continued, and the House remained in
session, nominally without adjournment, for seven
days, during which one hundred and four members
were present. Some of them were so infirm or indis-
posed that it was necessary to provide beds for them,
and one member, who was quite ill, was attended by
his wife. On the thirty-sixth ballot, which was taken
on the afternoon of the seventeenth, the votes of Del-
aware and South Carolina were given blank, while
those of Vermont and Maryland were given to Mr.
Jefferson, and elected him. The Vice-Presidency, of
course, devolved upon Mr. Burr.
FIFTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION — 1805.
Thomas Jefferson was re-elected President, re-
ceiving 162 of the 176 votes cast. This comprised the
entire electoral vote of all the States, except Connec-
ticut, Delaware, and Maryland; the two first of which
threw their full vote for Charles Cotesworth Pinck-
ney, and the last gave nine votes for Mr. Jefferson,
and two for Mr. Pinckney. George Clinton was
516
TABULAR RECORDS
elected Vice-President by the same majority and vote,
Rufus King receiving fourteen votes. The Electors
were :
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
John Goddard, Robert Alcock.
1. Levi Bartlett, 3. Timothy Walker,
2. George Aldrich, 4. Jonathan Steele,
5. William Tarlton.
Josiah Wright,
1. Samuel Shaw,
2. William Hunter,
VERMONT.
Nathaniel Niles.
3. Ezra Butler,
4. John Noyes.
MASSACHUSETTS,
James Sullivan,
1. Elbridoe Gerry,
2. John Whiting,
3. James Bowdoin,
4. John Bacon,
5. John Hathorne,
6. William Heath,
7. Thomas Kittridge,
8. John Woodman,
Timothy Newell.
9. James Winthrop,
10. Charles Turner,
11. Edward Upham,
12. Thomas Fillebrown,
13. James Warren,
14. John Farley,
15. John Davis,
16. Jonathan Smith,
17. Josiah Deane.
RHODE
Constant Taber,
1. James Aldrich,
ISLAND.
James Helme.
2. Benjamin Remington.
CONNECTICUT.
Jonathan Trumbull, Lewis B. Sturges.
1. John Treadwell, 4. Asher Miller,
2. David Smith, 5. David Daggett,
3. Oliver Ellsworth. 6. Sylvester Gilbert,
7. Joshua Huntington.
NEW YORK.
Sylvester Dening,
1. James Fairlie,
2. Thomas Brooks,
3. Cornelius Bergen,
4. Matthias B. Hildreth,
5. John Herring,
6. William Floyd,
7. Ezra Thompson,
8. Jonas Earl,
John Cramer.
9. John Wood,
10. Joseph Ellicott,
11. Conrad I. Elmendorff,
12. Henry Quackinboss,
13. Stephen Miller,
14. Adam Comstock,
15. Albert Pawling,
16. Abraham Bancker,
17. Isaac Sargent.
NEW JERSEY.
Solomon Freligh, Thomas Newbold.
1. Alexander Carmichael, 4. Jacob Hufty,
2. Moore Furman, 5. William Rossell,
3. Phineas Manning, 6. Abijah Smith.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Charles Thomson,
1. William Montgomery, 10.
2. John Bowman, 11.
3. Matthew Lawler, 12.
4. William Brown, 13.
5. Robert McMullen, 14.
6. George Smith, 15.
7. William Brooke, 16.
8. Jacob Hostetter, 17.
9. Thomas Long, 18.
Casper Shaffner, Jr.
Jacob Bennett,
Francis Swaine,
James Montgomery,
Henry Spering,
John Minor,
James Boyd,
John Hamilton,
Peter Frailey,
Nathaniel Irish.
DELAWARE.
Maxwell Bines, Thomas Fisher.
1. George Kennard.
MARYLAND.
John Parnham,
1. Joseph Wilkinson,
2. John Gilpin,
3. John Johnson,
4. William Gleaves,
9. Frisby Tilghman.
Tobias E. Stansbury.
5. Edward Johnson,
6. Perry Spencer,
7. John Tyler,
8. Ephraim K. Wilson,
VIRGINIA.
Richard Evers Lee,
1. John Goodrich,
2. Thomas Read,
3. Edward Pegram,
4. Creed Taylor,
5. William H. Cabell,
6. John Taliaferro, Jr.,
7. George Penn,
8. Richard Brent,
9. George Wythe,
10. Hugh Holmes,
11. John Taylor,
Richard Field.
12. James Dailey,
13. Larkin Smith,
14. James Allen,
15. John Minor,
16. Archibald Stuart,
17. William Ellzey,
18. James McFarlane,
19. William Dudley,
20. John Preston,
21. Mann Page,
22. William McKinley.
NORTH
Felix Walker,
1. Peter Forney,
2. Lemuel Sawyer,
3. Joseph Williams,
4. James Jones,
5. Montford Stokes,
6. Reading Blount,
CAROLINA.
Robert Cochran.
7. Solomon Graves,
8. Bryan Whitfield,
9. Joseph Taylor,
10. Samuel Ashe, Sr.,
11. Joseph John Alston,
12. Gideon Alston.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
John Blake,
1. John Gaillard,
2. Arthur Simkins,
3. Thomas Taylor,
4. William Hill,
Samuel Warren.
5. Joseph Blythe,
6. James Miles,
7. Joseph Calhoun,
8. John Taylor,
GEORGIA.
Edward Telfair.
1. David Emanuel,
2. John Rutherford,
James B. Maxwell.
3. Henry Graybill,
4. David Cresswell.
KENTUCKY.
Cliarles Scott, Isaac Shelby.
1. John Coburn, 4.
2. Ninian Edwards, 5
3. Hubbard Taylor, 6
Joseph Lewis,
William Irvine,
William Roberts.
TENNESSEE.
David Deaderich, William Martin.
1. Richard Mitchell, 2. George Ridley,
3. Robert Houston.
OHIO.
William Goforth, James Pritchard.
1. Nathaniel Massie.
SIXTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1809.
James Madison was elected President, having re-
ceived the entire electoral vote of Vermont, Pennsyl-
vania, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky,
and Ohio, and 13 of the 19 votes of New York, 9 of
the 11 of Maryland and 11 of the 14 of North Carolina ;
in all 122 of the 175 votes cast ; George Clinton re-
ceived 6 votes of New York, and the balance (47) were
given to Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. George
Clinton was elected Vice-President, receiving 113
votes, while Rufus King had 47, James Madison 3, and
James Monroe 3. The Electors were :
NEW HAMPSHIRE,
Jeremiah Smith, Timothy Farrar.
1. Oliver Peabody, 3, Samuel Hale,
2. Benjamin West, 4. Jonathan Franklin,
5. Robert Wallace.
Israel Smith,
1. Jonas Galusha,
2. James Tarbox,
VERMONT.
Samuel Shepardson.
3. John White,
4. William Cahoon.
TABULAR RECORDS
517
MASSACHUSETTS.
Caleb Strong,
Francis Dana,
Ebenezer Warren,
John Brooks,
Samuel Tobey,
Moses Brown,
Joshua Thomas,
William Bartlett,
8. Lemuel Williams,
17.
Daniel Dewey.
9. Ebenezer Bridge,
10. Andrew Fernald,
11. Benjamin Heywood,
12. Samuel Freeman,
13. Josiah Stearns,
14. Samuel S. Wilde,
15. John Hooker.
16. Jeremiah Bailey,
John Barrett.
RHODE ISLAND.
Thomas P. Ives, James Rhodes.
1. C. Fowler, 2. Thomas Noyes.
CONNECTICUT.
Jonathan Trumbull, John Cotton Smith.
1. John Tread well, 4.
2. Stephen T. Hosmer, 5.
3. David Daggett, 6.
7. Samuel W.
Jesse Root,
Roger Griswold,
Frederick Wolcott,
Johnson.
NEW YORK.
Ambrose Spencer,
1. Henry Huntington,
2. Benjamin Mooers,
3. John W. Seaman,
4. Adam B. Vromau,
5. Henry Rutgers,
6. Thomas Shankland,
7. John Garretson,
8. William Hallock,
Henry Yates, Jr.
9. Ebenezer White,
10. Russell Atwater,
11. Thomas LaA^rence,
12. Joseph Simonds,
13. James Tallmage,
14. Hugh Jamison,
15. Jonathan Rouse,
16.' Matthew Carpenter,
17 Micajah Petit.
NEW
James Mott,
1. James Morgan,
2. Thomas Hendry,
3. Amos Harrison,
JERSEY.
Benjamin Egbert.
4. George Burgin,
5. David Welch,
6. Abijah Smith.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Charles Thomson,
Thomas Leiper,
James Cowden,
Michael Leib,
William Wilson,
Josepk Engle,
Robert Griffon,
William Rodman,
Jacob Hostetter,
9. Archibald Darrah,
Adamson Tannehill.
10. David Fullerton,
11. Jacob Weygandt,
12. Peter Kenimell,
13. Joseph Lefevre,
14. Joseph Huston,
15. Gabriel Heister, Jr.,
16. William Montgomery,
17. George Hartman,
18. John McDowell.
DELAWARE.
James Booth, Daniel Rodney.
1. Nicholas Ridgely.
MARYLAND.
John R. Plater,
1. Robert Bowie,
2. Thomas W. Veazey,
3. Edward Johnson,
4. Richard Tilghman,
9. Nathaniel Rochester.
Tobias E. Stansbury.
5. John Johnson,
6. Earl Perry Spencer,
7. John Tyler,
8. Henry James Carroll,
VIRGINIA.
Joseph Goodwin, Sr.,
1. Edward Pegram, Sr., 12.
2. Robert Nelson, 13.
3. R:ichard Field, 14.
4. Mann Page, 15.
5. Thomas Read, 16.
6. Richard Barnes, 17.
7. Joseph Eggleston, 18.
8. John T. Brooks, 19.
9. Hugh Nelson, 20.
10. Hugh Holmes, 21.
11. George Penn, 22.
Benjamin Harrison.
Osborn Sprigg,
Philip N. Nicholas,
James Allen,
Spencer Roane,
Archibald Stuart,
John Roane,
Andrew Russell,
Robert Taylor,
John Preston,
Gustavus B. Horner,
William McKinley.
NORTH
Francis Locke,
1. Thomas Wynns,
2. Kemp Plummer,
3. Samuel Ashe, Sr.,
4. Joseph Taylor,
5. Murdock McKenzie,
6. Peter Forney,
CAROLINA.
Robert Cleveland.
7. Robert Love,
8. James Rainey,
9. John Winslow,
10. Joseph Riddick,
11. William Gaston,
12. Henry I. Toole.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Joseph Gist,
1. John Wilson, 5.
2. Langdon Cheves, 6.
3. John McMonies, 7.
4. Paul Hamilton, 8.
Joseph Bellinger.
William Strother,
Samuel Mays,
William Zimmerman,
William Rouse.
GEORGIA.
John Rutherford, David Meriwether.
1. Jolin Twiggs, 3. Henry Graybill,
2. Christopher Clark, 4. James E. Houston.
KENTUCKY
Samuel Hopkins,
1. William Logan, 4.
2. Robert Trimble, 5.
3. Matthew Walton, 6.
Charles Scott.
Hubbard Taylor,
Robert Ewing,
Christopher Greenup.
TENNESSEE.
James Robertson, Joseph Greer.
1. William Martin, 2. James Sevier,
3. Baldwin Hale.
OHIO.
Nathaniel Massie, Thomas McCune.
1. Stephen Wood.
SEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1813.
James Madison was re-elected President, having
received the entire electoral vote of Vermont, Penn-
sylvania, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia,
Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, and Louisiana, and six
of the eleven votes of Maryland, — in all 128 of the
217 votes cast ; the balance (89) were given for De
Witt Clinton, of New York. Elbridge Gerry was
elected Vice-President, receiving 131 votes ; while
Jared Ingersoll had 86. The Electors were :
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
John Goddard, Timothy Farrar.
1. Oliver Peabody, 4. Caleb Ellis,
2. Benjamin West, 5. Nathan Taylor,
3. Samuel Hale, 6. Jonathan Franklin.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
VERMONT.
Nathaniel Niles, Josiah Wright.
Noah Chittenden,
William A. Griswold,
William Slade,
4. ElihuLuce,
5. John H. Andrus,
6. Mark Richards.
MASSACHUSETTS.
William Heath,
Harrison G. Otis,
Joshua Thomas,
Nathan Dane,
David Scudder,
Jeremiah Nelson,
Lathrope Lewis,
Abraham Bigelow,
Nathaniel Goodwin,
John Walker,
Samuel Parris,
John W. Hurlburt.
11. George Bliss,
12. AbiefWood,
13. Benjamin Heywood,
14. Lemuel Paine,
15. Eleazer James,
16. James McClellan,
17. E. Williams,
18. William Crosby,
19. Isaac Maltby,
20. Israel Thorndike.
RHODE ISLAND.
Christopher Fowler, William Rhodes.
Samuel G. Arnold, 2. Ephraim Bowen.
518
TABULAR RECORDS.
CO:S^NECTICUT.
Nathaniel Terry, Daniel Putnam.
1. Theodore D wight, 4. Stephen T. Hosmer,
2. James Gould, 5. Calvin Goddard,
3. David Daggett, 6. Jonathan Barnes,
7. S. B. Sherwood.
NEW YORK.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Joseph C. Yates,
Simeon DeWitt, 14
Robert Jenkins, 15.
Archibald Mclntyre, 16
M. S. Vandercook, 17
John C. Hodgeboom, 18,
George Palmer, Jr., 19
G. S. Mumford, 20,
James Hill, 21
J. Delamontagnie, 22
William Kirby, 23,
P. Van Cortlandt, 24
Henry Frey, 25
John Chandler, 26
27. John
David Van Ness.
. Thomas H. Hubbard,
, Henry Huntington,
. John Russell,
. John Woodworth,
, James S. Kipp,
. David Boyd,
, Jotham Jayme,
. Cornelius Bergen,
, Jonathan Stanley, Jr.,
, Joseph Perine,
. William Burnet,
. Chauncey Belknap,
. George Rosencrantz,
Dill.
NEW JERSEY.
Matthew Whilden, William Griffith.
William B. Ewing, 4.
Elias Conover, 5.
Franklin Davenport, 6.
Andrew Howell,
Jacob Losey,
William McGill.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Walter Franklin,
Daniel Mitchell,
David Fullerton,
Paul Cox,
Samuel Smyth,
Isaac Worrell,
Robert Smith,
Michael Baker,
Nathaniel Miclsler,
Joseph Engle,
Hugh Glasgow.
12. James Mitchell,
13. Isaiah Davis,
14. John Murray,
15. John Whitehill,
16. Clement Paine,
17. Edward Crouch,
18. Joseph Reed,
19. Henry Allshouse,
20. Alexander Dysart,
Chas. Shoemaker, Jr. ,21. James Stephenson,
James Fulton, 22. David Mead,
23. Abia Minor.
DELAWARE
James L. Clayton,
1. Benjamin Blackiston,
James Sykes.
Thomas Fisher.
MARYLAND.
Henry H. Chapman, Tobias E. Stansbury.
Edward H. Calvert, 5. John Stephen,
Thomas W. Veazey, 6. Edward Lloyd,
Edward Johnson, 7. Henry Williams,
Thomas Worrell, 8. Littleton Dennis,
9. Daniel Kentch.
TIRGINIA
Richard Henry Lee, Gustavus B. Horner.
1. Benjamin Harrison, 12. Daniel Morgan,
13. Charles Yancey,
14. Archibald Rutherford,
15. George Penn,
16. Archibald Stuart,
17. W. G. Poindexter,
9.
10.
11.
Robert Nelson,
Edward Pegram,
Mann Page,
Richard Field,
Walter Jones,
Thomas Read,
John T. Brooke,
Matthew Cheatham,
Hugh Holmes,
William Armistead,
18. Andrew Russell,
19. Spencer Roane,
20. Charles Tavlor,
21. Sthreshlv Reynolds,
22. W. McKinley,
23. Robert Taylor.
NORTH CAROLINA.
William H. Murfree, James Mebane.
1. Redar Ballard, 4. Francis Locke,
2. James Rainey, 5. Thomas D. King,
6. Montford Stokes,
James W. Clarke, 10. Jonathan Hampton,
Joseph Uniston, 11. Thomas Davis,
H. G. Burton, 12. Henry Massey,
13. Kemp Plummer.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
James Campbell,
John Johnson, 5.
John McCreary, 6.
Andrew Pickens, 7.
William Smith, 8.
Reuben Starke.
William Caldwell,
William Alston,
Samuel Johnson,
Richard Singleton,
9. Samson Butler.
GEORGIA.
Daniel Stewart, John Twiggs.
Henry Graybill, 4. Henry Mitchell,
Oliver Porter, 5. John Rutherford,
Charles Harris, 6. John Howard.
KENTUCKY.
Robert Ewing,
1. William Casey, 6.
2. Robert Mosby, 7.
3. Samuel Murrell, 8.
4. Hubbard Tavlor, 9.
5. Samuel Caldwell, 10.
William Irvine.
Duval Payne,
Richard Taylor,
Walter Baylor,
William Logan,
T. D. 0 wings.
TENNESSEE.
E. R. Dulany, William Trigg.
1. Henry Bradford, 4. David McEwen,
2. Thomas Washington, 5. James McCampbell,
3. James Trimble, 6. Thomas Johnson.
OHIO.
John Jones, James Prichard.
Matthias Corwin, 4. Thomas Ijams,
D. Abbott (not present), 5. James Dunlap,
David Purviance, 6. John Hamm,
LOUISIANA.
Julien Poydras. Stephen A. Hopkins.
1. Philemon Thomas.
EIGHTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1817.
James Monroe was elected President, having re-
ceived the entire electoral vote of every State except
Massachusetts, Connecticut and Delaware, — in all
183 of the 217 votes cast ; the remaining 34 being
given for Rufus King. Daniel D. Tompkins was
elected Vice-President, receiving 183 votes ; while
John E. Howard had 22 votes, James Ross 5, John
Marshall 4, and Robert G. Harper 3. The Electors
were :
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
3. James Bright,
Thomas Manning,
1. Benjamin Butler, 4.
2. Jacob Tuttle, 5.
3. William Badger, 6.
Richard H. Ayer.
Thomas C. Drew,
Amos Cogswell,
Dan Young.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
J. Robinson,
ApoUos Austin,
Asaph Fletcher,
Robert Holly,
VERMONT.
James Roberts.
4. John H. Cotton,
5. William Brayton,
6. Isaiah Fisk.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Christopher Gore,
Prentiss Mellen,
Jonas Kendall,
Israel Thorndike,
E. H. Bobbins,
Benj. Pickman, Jr.,
John Low,
David A. White,
S. Longfellow, Jr.,
Joseph Locke,
William Abbot,
Bazaleel Taft.
11. Thomas D wight,'
12. Timothy Boutelle,
13. Peter Bryant,
14. Luther Carey,
15. Daniel Howard.
16. William Phillips,
17. Wendell Davis,
18. Josiah Stebbins,
19. Seth WashburDB,
20. Thomas H. Perkins.
TABULAR RECORDS
519
RHODE
James Fenner,
1. Thomas Pitman,
9.
10.
11.
13.
13.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
ISLAND.
Edw.ard Wilcox.
2. Dutee Arnold
CONNECTICUT.
Jonathan Ingersoll, William Perkins.
1. Nathaniel Terry, 4. Elijah Hubbard,
2. Elisha Sterling, 5. Jirah Isham,
3. Seth P. Staples, 6. Asa Wiley,
7. S. W. Johnson.
NEW YORK.
Henry Rutgers,
1. Lemuel Chipman, 14.
2. Artenias Aldrich, 15.
3. John W. Seaman, 16.
4. Henry Becker, 17.
5. Jacob Drake, 18.
6. Aaron Searing, 19.
7. James Farlie, 20.
8. Israel W. Clark, 21.
Augustus Wright, 22.
Daniel Root, 23.
P. S. Van Orden, 24.
Montgomery Hull, 25.
J. W. Van Wyck, 26.
27. Samuel
Alexander McNish.
Nicoll Fosdick,
J. D. Monell,
E. Edmonds,
John Blake, Jr.,
George Petit,
Jacob Wertz,
Richard Townley,
Gabriel North,
Samuel Lawrence,
Charles E. Dudley,
Nathaniel Rochester,
Benjamin Smith,
Worthy L. Churchel,
Lewis.
NEW
Lewis Moore,
1. Aaron Kitchell,
2. Daniel Garrison,
3. David Welsh,
JERSEY.
Charles Ogden.
4. William Rossell,
5. John Crowell,
6. Robert McNeeley.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Paul Cox,
1. David Mitchell,
2. James Wilson,
3. John Geyer,
Gabriel Heister,
Daniel Bussier,
James Meloy,
John Conrad,
James Banks,
William Brooke,
Robert Clark,
Isaac Anderson,
M. Fackenthal.
12. Abiel Fellows,
13. Matthew Roberts,
14. David Marchand,
15. John Mohler,
16. Thomas Patterson,
17. John Harrison,
18. Joseph Huston,
19. Jacob Hostetter,
20. Samuel Scott,
21. John Rea,
22. James Alexander,
23. William Gilliland.
DELAWARE.
Thomas Robinson, Andrew Barratt.
1. Isaac Tunnell, 2. Nicholas Ridgely.
MARYLAND.
William D. Beall,
1. Joseph Kent,
2. William C. Miller,
3. Edward Johnson,
4. Benjamin Massy,
George Warner.
5. John Stephen,
6. Thomas Ennalls,
7. John Buchanan,
8. Littleton Dennin.
9. Lawrence Brengle.
VIRGINIA.
George Newton,
Charles H. Graves, 12
Hugh Holmes, 13,
John Pegram, 14.
Archibald Rutherford, 15,
16
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. John Purnall,
6. Archibald Stuart, 17
7. Joseph C. Cabell, 18
Andrew Russell, 19
Charles Yancey, 20
Charles Taylor, 21
Spencer Roane, 22.
23. William
8.
9.
10.
11.
John T. Brooke.
Robert B. Starke,
Sthreshly Reynolds,
William Archer,
Robert Taylor,
Benjamin Cook,
. Isaac Foster,
, Wm. Brokenbrough,
. Brazure W. Pryor,
. Daniel Morgan,
. William Jones,
, John Eddie,
Lee Ball.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Robert Love,
1 Jesse Franklin, 7.
2. John Hall. 8.
Peter Forney, 9.
Thomas Wynns, 10.
Francis Locke, 11.
Joseph Riddick, 12.
13. Thomas Ruffin
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Nathaniel Jones.
Abraham Phillips,
James Hoskins,
Alexander Gray,
Vine Allen,
Joseph Pukett,
Thomas D. King,
William Garrett,
1. Philemon Bradford,
2. Thomas Evans,
3. William McKeralls,
4. Thomas Lee,
9. Richard B. Screven
James Duff.
5. Frederick Nance,
6. John L. Wilson,
7. John Thomas,
8. Joseph Reid,
GEORGIA.
David Adams,
1. John Mcintosh,
2. John Clark,
3. Jared Irwin,
Charles Harris.
4. John Rutherford,
5. Henry Mitchell,
6. David Meriwether.
KENTUCKY.
Duvall Payne,
Hubbard Taylor, 6.
William Logan, 7.
Robert Trimble, 8.
Alexander Adair, 9.
Thomas Bodley, 10.
Richard Taylor.
Samuel Caldwell,
Willis A. Lee,
Samuel Murrell,
William Irvine,
Robert Ewing.
TENNESSEE.
Alfred M. Carter, Robert Allen.
1. Joseph Hamilton,
2. M. McClanohan,
3. David- Campbell,
John G, Young,
1. Aaron Wheeler,
2. Othniel Looker,
3. John Paterson,
4. Samuel Buchanan,
5. Adam Huntsman,
6. James Baxter.
OHIO.
4.
5.
6.
Abraham Shepherd.
Benjamin Haugh,
William Skinner,
James Curry.
INDIANA.
Jesse L. Holman, Thomas H. Blake.
1. Joseph Bartholomew.
Garrigues Flanjac,
1. John R
LOUISIANA.
Squire Lea.
Grimes.
NINTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1821.
James Monroe was re-elected President, receiving
the entire electoral vote of every State (228) except
New Hampshire, of which one vote was thrown for
John Quincy Adams. Daniel T. Tompkins was
elected Vice-President, receiving 215 votes; while
Richard Stockton had 8 votes ; Daniel Rodney, 4 ;
Robert G. Harper, 1 ; and Richard Rush, 1. The
Electors were :
new HAMPSHIRE.
William Plumer, John Pendexter.
1. David Barker,
2. Nathaniel Shannon,
3. William Fisk,
4. Ezra Bartlett,
5. Samuel Dinsmoor,
6. James Smith.
VERMONT.
Jonas Galusha, William Slade, Jr
1. Gilbert Denison, 4. Ezra Butler,
2. Daniel A. A. Buck, 5. Aaron Leland,
3. Pliny Smith, 6. Timothy Stanley.
520
TABULAR RECORDS
MASBACHUSETTS.
John Adams,
William PMllips,
Thomas H. Blood,
William Gray,
Jonas Sibley,
Daniel Webster,
Ezra Starkweather,
Seth Sprague.
7. B. W. Crowuinshield,
8. Wendell Davis,
9. John Heard,
10. John Davis,
11. Samuel Dana,
12. Joseph Woodbridge,
13. Ebenezer Mattoon.
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
RHODE ISLAlfD.
James Fenner, Robert F. Xoyes.
Dutee J. Pearce, 2. Dutee Arnold.
CONNECTICUT.
Henry Seymour, Isaiah Loomis.
Samuel Welles, 4. John Alsop,
William Cogswell, 5. Ebenezer Brockway,
William Moselv, 6. S. W. Crawford,
7. Samuel H. Phillips.
NEW YORK.
William Floyd,
Henry Rutgers,
John Walworth,
Abel Huntington,
Daniel McDougall,
Edward Severich,
Seth Wetmore,
Isaac Lawrence,
Latham A. Burrows,
John Targee,
Ferrand Stranahan,
Jacob Odell,
Henry Wager,
Peter Waring,
John Baker.
14. Elisha Haruham,
15. Edward P. Livingston,
16. Jonathan Collins,
17. Peter Millikin,
18. Samuel Nelson,
19. David Hammond,
20. William B. Rochester,
21. Mark Spencer,
22. Charles Thompson,
23. Benjamin Knower,
24. Philetas Swift,
25. Gilbert Eddy,
26. James Brisban,
27. Howell Gardner.
NEW JERSEY.
David Mills, Samuel L. Southard.
1. John Wilson, 4. Isaiah Shinn,
2. Joseph Budd, 5. Aaron Vansyckel,
3. John Crowell, 6. John L, Smith.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Thomas Leiper,
1. Paul Cox, 12.
2. William Clingan, 13.
3. Daniel Groves, 14.
4. George Garnitz, 15.
5. Chandler Price, 16.
6. James Griffin, 17.
7. Pierce Crosby, 18.
8. John Miley, 19.
9. Andrew Gilkerson, 20.
10. George Plumer, 21.
11. John Hamilton. 22.
James P. Sanderson.
George Hebb,
James Kerr,
Andrew Sutton,
William Mitchell,
Joseph Huston,
D. W. Dingraan,
It ugh Davis,
Gabriel Heister,
Patrick Farelly,
John Todd, [ceased),
Melcbis Rahm (de-
23. Philip Benner.
DELAWARE.
Peter Robinson, Nicholas Ridgely.
1. John Clark, 2. Andrew Barratt.
MARYLAND.
James Forrest,
1. Robert W. Bowie,
2. John Forward,
3. John Stephen,
4. William R. Stuart,
9. Michael C. Sprigg.
Eli as Brown,
5. A. McKim,
6. John Boon,
7. William Gabby,
8. Joshua Prideaux,
VIRGINIA.
William C. Holt,
1. Charles H. Graves,
2. Robert Shields-,
3. John Pegram,
4. William Jones,
Thomas Brown.
5. R. B. Stark,
6. John Taliaferro,
7. John Purnall,
8. John T. Brook,
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
B. T. Arthur,
Hugh Holmes,
William C. Rives,
W. Armstrong, Jr.,
Charles Yancey,
16. Archibald Stuart,
17. W. Brockenbrough,
18. Andrew Russell,
19. Armistead Hoomes,
20. Samuel Blackburn,
Archibald Rutherford, 21. James Hunter,
Joseph Martin, 22. John Edie,
23. Robert Taylor.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Robert Love,
Jesse Franklin,
John Hall,
Michael McLeary,
George Outlaw,
Francis Locke,
C. E. Johnson,
Kinborough Jones.
7. Abraham Philips,
8. Lewis D. Wilson,
9. Alexander Gray,
10. H. J. G. Ruffin,
11. B. H. Covington,
12. Thomas Kenan,
13. James Mebane.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Benjamin James,
1. L. M. Ayer,
2. Isaac Smith,
3. John S. Glascock,
4. John Dunovant,
Benjamin Rjpnalds.
5. Matthew J. Kirth,
6. Raslia Cannon,
7. Benjamin Dickson,
8. William A. Ball,
9. Charles Miller.
Oliver Porter, .
1. Henry Mitchell,
2. John Rutherford,
3. John M'Intosh,
GEORGIA.
4.
5.
6.
John Graves.
John Forster,
David Meriwether,
Benjamin Whitaker.
KENTUCKY.
E
Samuel Murrell,
Martin D. Hardin.
M. Ewing,
Willis A. Lee,
S. Caldwell.
James Johnson,
John E. King,
6. Jesse Bledsoe,
7. John Pope,
8. Thomas Bodley,
9. Richard Tavlor,
10. Hubbard Taylor.
TENNESSEE.
A. M. Carter, John Dickson
J. Hamilton, Sr., 3. David Campbell,
German Lester, 4. Henry Small,
5. John White.
MISSOURI.
William Shannon, John S. Brickey.
1. William Christy.
MAINE.
William Moody,
1. Joshua Wingate, Jr., 4.
2. Joshua Gage, 5.
3. Elisha Allen, 6.
Lemuel Trescott.
Josiah Prescott,
William Cbadwick,
Levi Hubbard,
7. Samuel Tucker.
OHIO.
Jeremiah Morrow, James Caldwell.
1. William H. Harrison, 4. John McLaughlin,
2. James Kilbourne, 5. Robert Lucas,
3. Alexander Campbell, 6. Lewis Dille.
INDIANA.
Nathaniel Ewing,
1. Daniel J.
John H. Thompson.
Caswell.
ILLINOIS.
James B. Moore, A. F. Hubbard.
1. Michael Jones.
ALABAMA.
John Scott, George Phillips.
1. Henry Minor.
MISSISSIPPI.
Duncan Stewart, Daniel- Burnet.
1. Theodore Stark.
TABU'LAR RECORDS.
521
LOUISIANA.
Philemon Thomas, John R. Grimes.
1. Daniel L. Todd.
TENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1835.
John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William H.
Crawford, and Henry Clay were candidates, and the
Electoral College not giving either of them the requi-
site majority (132 votes), the choice again devolved
upon the House of Representatives, when Mr.
Adams was elected. Andrew Jackson received the
entire electoral vote of New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Indiana,
Mississippi, and Alabama, 1 of the 36 votes of New
York, 7 of the 11 votes of Maryland, 3 of the 5 votes
of Louisiana, and 1 of the 3 votes of Illinois. John
Quincy Adams received the entire vote of Maine,
New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, and Connecticut, and 26 of the 36 votes of
New York, 1 of the 3 votes of Delaware, 3 of the 11
votes of Maryland, 2 of the 5 votes of Louisiana, and
1 of the 3 votes of Illinois, William H. Crawford
received the entire vote of Virginia and of Georgia,
and 5 of the 36 votes of New York, 2 of the 3 votes of
Delaware, and 1 of the 11 votes of Maryland. Henry
Clay received the entire vote of Kentucky, Ohio, and
Missouri, and 4 of the 36 votes of New York. John
C. Calhoun was elected Vice-President, receiving
182 votes ; while Nathan Sanford had 30 votes, Na-
thaniel Macon 24, Andrew Jackson 13, Martin Van
Buren 9, and Henry Clay 2. The Electors were :
1.
2.
3.
NEW
■' Josiah Bartlett,
William Badger,
Caleb Keith,
Samuel Quarles,
HAMPSHIKE.
Abel Parker.
4. Moses White,
5. William Fisk,
6. Hall Burgin.
MASSACHUSETTS.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
• William Gray,
Levi Lincoln,
Enos Foot,
T. L. Winthrop,
William Walker,
N. SiLsl->ee,
John Endicot,
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Oliver Smith.
Joseph Kittredge,
Thomas Weston,
Augustus Tower,
Cornelius Grinnell,
Jonathan Davis,
Hezekiah Barnard,
13. Edmund Cushing.
KHODE ISLAND.
Caleb Earl, Elisha Watson.
1. Stephen B. Cornell, 2. Charles Eldridge.
CONNECTICUT.
Calvin Willey, David Keys.
1. Oliver Wolcott, 4. Lemuel White,
2. John Swathel,
3. Rufus Hitchcock,
5. David Hill,
6. Moses Warren.
VERMONT.
Jonas Galusha, John Mason.
1. Titus Hutchinson, 3. Joseph Burr,
2. Dan Carpenter, 4. Asa Aldis,
5. Jabez Proctor.
NEW YORK.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Nathan Thompson,
Darius Bentley, 12.
Thomas Lawyer, 13.
Micah Brooks, 14.
E. B. Crandale, 15.
Pierre A. Barker, 16.
Samuel Hicks, 17.
Joseph Sibley, 18.
Edward Savage, 19.
Timothy H. Porter, 20.
Benjamin Mooers, 21.
Samuel Russell, 23.
Wm. Townsend.
Chester Patterson,
Marinus Willett,
Phineas Coon,
Ebenezer Sage,
Azariah Smith,
Richard Blauvelt,
Eleazer Burnham,
Abraham Stagg,
Solomon St. John,
John Drake,
Elisha B. Strong,
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
James Drake, 29.
Clark Crandall, 30.
Isaac Sutherland, 31.
L Sutherland, 32.
William Walsh, 33.
S. Lansing, Jr., 34.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Alexander J, Coffin,
Benjamin Bailey,
Benjamin Smith,
Samuel Smith,
Elisha Dorr,
Heman Cady.
NEW JERSEY.
Peter Wilson, John Buck.
Daniel Vliet, 4. James Parker,
James Cook, 5. Joseph Kille,
Jacob Cline, 6. J. W. Scott.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Thomas Leiper,
Cromwell Pearce, 14.
Valentine Giesey, 15.
Philip Peltz, 1.6.
John Reed, 17.
A. McCaraher, 18.
James Duncan; 19.
Daniel Sheffer, 20.
John Boyd, 21.
Daniel Raul, 22.
Abraham Ad dams, 23.
Joseph Engle, 24.
Isaac Smith, 25.
John Pugh, 26.
William Realty.
William Thomson,
Adam Ritscher,
Asa Mann,
Charles Kenny,
John Fogel,
Adam King,
Philip Benner,
John Rush,
Henry Scheetz,
Peter Adams,
Adam Light,
James Ankrim,
James Murray.
DELAWARE.
Isaac Tunnell, John Caldwell.
1. Joseph G. Rowland.
MARYLAND.
Henry Brawner,
John C. Herbert, 5.
Thomas Hope, 6.
George Winchester, 7.
Samuel G. Osborn, 8.
9. Thomas Post.
William Brown.
Dennis Claude,
James Sangston,
William Tyler,
Littleton Dennis,
VIRGINIA.
William C. Holt,
Charles H. Graves,
Ellison Currie,
John Cargill,
Robert Taylor,
W. H. Brodnax,
Isaac Foster, .
Joseph Wyatt,
Daniel Morgan,
James Jones,
William Armstrong,
Charles Yancey,
Robert Shield.
12. Archibald Rutherford,
13. Joseph Martin,
14. John Bowyer,
15. Thomas M, Randolph,
16. James Hoge,
17. W, Brockenbrough,
18. Andrew Russell,
19. John T. Somax,
20. Joseph H. Samuels,
21. William Jones,
22. William Marteny.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Montfort Stokes,
Robert Love, 7.
William A. Blount, 8.
Peter Forney, 9.
William B. Lockhart, 10.
Vine Allen, 11.
Edward B. Dudley, 12.
13. Josiah Crudup.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
William Martin
James Mebane,
A, H. Shepperd,
John Giles,
Walter J. Leake,
William Drew,
John M. Morehead,
Robert Clendinen,
John K. Griffen, 5.
William Garrett, 6.
Angus Patterson, 7.
Eldrid Simkins,
Evan Benbow.
Joseph W. Alston,
William C. Pinckney,
M. J. Keith,
Thomas Benson,
9. William Laval.
GEORGIA.
Elias Beall, William Matthews.
Thomas Cumming, 4. John Rutherford,
John Mcintosh, 5. John Harden,
John Floyd, 6. William Terrell,
7. Warren Jordan.
522
TABULAR RECORDS.
KEJifTUCKY.
J. R. Underwood,
Jolm E. King,
Joseph Allen,
Alney McLean,
W. Moore,
Young Ewing,
Thomas Bodley,
Richard Taylor.
7. Benjamin Lecher,
8. D. Payne,
9. James Smiley,
10. J. J. Crittenden,
11. Joshua Fry,
12. H. Taylor*.
TENNESSEE.
John Rhea, William A. Sublett.
T. A. Howard, 5. B. C. Stout,
Joseph Brown, 6. William Blount,
W. E. Andereou, 7. William Mitchell,
Joel Pinson, 8. Robert H. Dyer,
9. Samuel Hogg.
OHIO.
W. H. Harrison,
1. W. McFarland, 8.
2. David Sloane, 9.
3. Thomas Kirker, 10.
4. Samuel Coulter, 11.
5. James Heaton, 12.
6. S. Kingsbury, 13.
7. Henry Brown, 14.
James Caldwell.
Ebenezer Merry,
E. Buckingham,
James Cooley,
William Kendall,
James Steele,
William Skinner,
John Bigger.
LOUISIANA.
William Mott, John B. Planche.
1. James H. Shepherd, 2. S. Heiriart,
3. Pierre Lacoste.
MISSOUKI.
David Todd, James Logan.
1. David Musick.
INDIANA.
Elias McXamee, John Carr.
1. David Robb, 2. Jonathan McCarty,
3. Samuel Milroy.
MISSISSIPPI.
Thomas Hinds, Bartlett C. Barry.
1. James Patton.
ILLINOIS.
William Harrison, Alexander P. Field.
1. Henry Eddy.
ALABAMA.
Reuben Safford, James Hill.
1. Henry Chamberf^, 2. Jolm Murphy,
3. William Fleming.
MAINE.
James Campbell, Lemuel Trescott.
1. Thomas Fillebrown, 4. Benjamin Chandler,
2. James Parker, 5. Rev. Joshua Taylor,
3. Nathaniel Hobbs, 6. Benjamin Nourse,
7. Stephen Parsons.
The choice between Andrew Jackson, John Quincy
Adams, and William H. Crawford, the three highest
on the list of those voted for by the Electoral College
for President, devolved on the House of Representa-
tives. Twenty-four members, one from each State,
were appointed Tellers, and they announced as the
result of the first ballot : For John Quincy Adams :
Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Is-
land, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, Maryland,
Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Louisiana —
thirteen States. For Andrew Jackson : New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama,
Mississippi, and Indiana— seven States. For William
H. Crawford : Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina,
and Georgia — four States. The Speaker then de-
clared that John Quincy Adams, having received a
majority of the votes of all the States, was duly
elected President.
ELEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1829.
Andrew Jackson was elected President, receiving
the entire electoral vote of Pennsylvania, Virginia,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky,
Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi. Indiana, Il-
linois, Alabama, and Missouri, 1 of the 9 votes of
Maine, 20 of the 36 votes of New York, and 5 of the
11 votes of Maryland — 178 in all ; John Quincy Ad-
ams receiving the other 83 electoral votes. John C.
Calhoun was re-elected Vice-President, receiving 171
votes ; while Richard Rush had 83 votes, and Wil-
liam Smith 7. The Electors were :
MAINE.
Thomas Fillebrown, John S. Kimball.
1. Simeon No well, 4. Levi Hubbard,
2. Joseph Southwick, 5. James C. Churchill,
3. Joseph Prime, 6. Jolm Moore,
7. Ebenezer Farley.
VERMONT.
Jonas Galusha, Asa Aldis.
1. Ezra Butler, 3. John Phelps,
2. Josiah Dana, 4. William Jarvis,
5. A polios Austin.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
George Sullivan,
William Bixby.
1.
Samuel Squarles,
4.
Ezra Bartlett,
2.
Thomas Woolson,
5.
Samuel Sparhawk,
3.
Naham Parker,
6.
William Lovejoy.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Thos. L. Wintl
irop.
Edmund Cushing.
1.
Samuel Lathrop,
7.
Bailv Bartlett,
2.
Eli el Frost,
8.
E. H. Bobbins.
3.
Jesse Putnam,
9.
Nathan Chandler,
4.
John Gilbert,
10.
Oliver Starkweather,
5.
Stephen White,
11.
Jonathan Davis,
6.
Samuel Jones,
12.
Bradford Dimmick,
13.
Seth
Sp
rague.
RHODE ISLAND.
Caleb Earle, Elisha Watson.
Stephen B. Cornell, 2. Charles Eldridge.
CONNECTICUT.
Sylvester Norton, Roger Taintor.
Rufus Hitchcock,
Homer Boardman,
Moses Warren,
4. George Pratt,
5. Charles Hawley,
6. W. R. Kibbee.
NEW YORK.
Moses Rolph,
John Garrison, 18.
A.D. W. Bruyn, 19.
Benjamin Bailey, 20.
John Llovd, 21.
John Targee, 22.
Alexander CoflBn, 23.
Gilbert Coutaut, 24.
Gilbert Eddy, 25.
Jacob Odell, 26.
A. Van Vechten, 27.
Morgan Lewis, 28.
E. B. Shearman, 29.
Egbert Jansen, 30.
A. Mclntyre, 31.
John E. Russell, 32.
Salmon Childs, 33.
Peter Pine, 34.
Asaph Stow.
Peter H. Myers,
J. C. Yates,
James Campbell,
Elkanah Brush,
Jesse Smith,
Rufus Crane,
Augustus Chapman,
Thomas Blakeslee,
Benjamin Cotton,
Freeborn G. Jewett,
John Beall,
William Hildreth,
John Taylor,
James H. Guernsey,
Charles Dayan,
Shubal Dunham,
Ebenezer Walden.
NEW JERSEY.
Theodore Frelinghuysen, J.J.Ely.
A. Leaming, 4. T. Elmer,
Abraham Brown, 5. Gabriel Hoff,
A. White, 6. C. Zabriskie.
TABULAR RECORDS
523
PENNSYLVANIA.
Jolin B. Gibson,
1. William Findlay, 14.
2. Leonard Rupert, 15.
3. Edward King-, 16.
4. Jacob Gearliart, 17.
5. John Lisle. 18.
6. George Barnitz, 19.
7. Jacob Holgate, 20.
Jacob Heyser, 21.
Samuel Humes, Sr., 22.
John Harper, 23.
Jolin W. Cunningliam,24.
John Scott, 25.
George G. Leiper, 26.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
William Thompson.
William Piper,
Henry Scheetz,
Valentine Giesey,
Adam Ritscher,
James Gordon,
David Hottenstein,
John M. Snowden,
Peter Frailey.
Robert Scott,
Francis Baird,
Henry Allshouse,
Henry Winters,
James Duncan.
1.
DELAWAEE.
James Canby, David Hazard.
John Adams.
MARYLAND.
Wm. Fitzhugh, Jr.
1. William Tyler, 5.
2. James Sewell, 6.
3. John S. Sellman. 7.
4. Thomas Emory, 8.
9. Henrv Brawner.
VIRGINIA.
Benj. F. Forrest.
Benjamin C. How^ard,
T. R. Lockerman,
Elias Brown,
Littleton Dennis,
William C. Holt,
Wm. H. McFarland,
Ellyson Currie,
John Cargill,
John W. Green.
Thomas M, Nelson,
John Gibson,
Richard Logan,
George Rust,
James Jones,
10. Jared Williams,
11. William Daniel,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Robert McCandish.
12. Jacob D. Williamson.
13. Joseph Martin,
14. John Bowyer,
15. William F* Gordon,
16. John E. George,
17. Wm. Brockenbrough,
18. Andrew Russell,
19. Garret Minor,
20. Joel Shrewsbury,
21. William Jones,
22. John McMillan.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Robert Love,
Montfort Stokes,
John Hall,.
Peter Forney,
Joseph J. Williams,
John Giles,
Kedar Ballard,
13. Willie
Josiah Crudup.
7. Abraham Phillips,
8. Louis D, Wilson,
9. John M. Morehead,
10. R. D. Spaight,
11. Walter F. Leake,
12. E. B. Dudley,
P. Mangum.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Sanders Glover,
1. David R. Evans,
2. John McComb,
3. John Stewart,
4. Arthur P. Hayne,
William Pope.
5. David Sloan,
6. Green B. Colmi,
7. William Johnston,
8. Henry L. Pinckney,
9. Wade Hampton, Jr.
GEORGIA.
John Rutherford, William Terrell.
1. Robert R. Reed, 4. Augustus S. Clayton,
2. John Moore,* 5. Solomon Graves,
3. David Blackshear, 6. John G. Maxwell,
7. Oliver Porter.
ALABAMA.
Thomas Miller, John A. Elmore.
1. Enoch Parsons, 2. Thomas D. Crabb,
3. William Y. Higgins.'
MISSISSIPPI.
Joseph Dunbar, William Downing.
1. Wiley P. Harris.
* John Moore declining to serve, Seaton Grantland was elected
by the Legislature.
LOUISIANA.
John B, Planche, Alexander Mouton.
1. Thomas W. Scott, 2. Placide Bossier,
3. Trasimon Landry.
TENNESSEE.
John Rhea,
1. Samuel Bunch,
2. Alfred Flournoy,
3. Thomas McCorry,
4. Joseph Brown,
9. George Elliott.
KENTUCKY.
William A. Sublett.
5. Benjamin C. Stout,
6. Willie Blount,
7. Andrew J. Marchbanks,
8. Adam R. Alexander,
Thos. S. Slaughter,
1. Matthew Lyon,
2. Benjamin Chapeze,
3. Edmund Watkins,
4. John Younger,
5. Nathan Gaither,
6. John Sterrit,
Reuben Munday.
7. Tunstall Quarles,
8. Benjamin Taylor,
9. Robert J. Ward,
10. Richard French,
11. Tandy Allen,
12. Thompson Ward.
OHIO.
Ethan Allen Brown,
1. George McCook, 8.
2. John McElvain, 9.
3. William Piatt, 10.
4. Samuel Herrick, 11.
5. James Shields, 12.
6. George Sharp, 13.
7. Henry Barrington, 14.
Robert Lucas.
Walter M. Blake,
Thomas Gillespie,
Benjamin Jones,
Thomas L. Hamer,
William Hayne,
Valentine Keffer,
Hugh McFall.
INDIANA.
Benjamin V. Beckes, Ratliff Boon.
1. Jesse B. Durham, 2. William Lowe,
3. Ross Smiley,
ILLINOIS.
John Taylor,
1. Alexander M.
Richard M. Young.
Houston.
MISSOURI.
John Bull, Augustus Jones.
1. Benjamin O'Fallon.
TWELFTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1833.
Andrew Jackson was re-elected President, receiv-
ing the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hampshire,
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia,
North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana,
Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, and Missouri,
with three of the eight votes of Maryland — 219.
Henry Clay, of Kentucky, received the entire vote of
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware,
aud Kentucky, with five of the eight votes of Mary-
land— 49 ; John Floyd received the entire vote of
South Carolina— 11 ;' and William Wert the entire
vote of Vermont — 7. Martin Van Buren was elect-
ed Vice-President, receiving 189 votes ; while John
Sergeant had 49 votes, William Wilkins had 30,
Henry Lee had 11, and Amos Elmaker had 7. The
Electors were :
MAINE.
Nathan Cutler,
1. Isaac Lane,
2. Silas Barnard,
3. J. C. Churchill,
4. Elias Burgess,
Samuel Moore.
5. Joseph Sewall,
6. Joseph Kelsey,
7. Rowland H. Bridgham,
8. E. Fletcher.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Benjamin Peirce, John Holbrook.
1. Phineas Parkhorst, 3. Samuel Collins,
2. Joseph Weeks, 4. Moses White,
5. John Taylor.
524
TABULAR RECORDS
VERMONT.
James Tarbox, Amos Thompson.
1. Nathan Leavenworth, 3. Ezra Butler,
2. John S. Pettibone, 4. Augustus Clarke,
5. William Strong.
MASSACHUSETTS.
E. Mattoon.
7. Nathan Brooks,
8. Jotham Lincoln,
9. Aaron Tufts,
10. Cornelius Grinnell,
11. Samuel Lee,
12. Nymphas Marston.
Charles Jackson,
1. Thomas H. Perkins,
2. James Byers,
3. Gideon Barstow,
4. Henry Shaw,
5. Ebenezer Moseley,
6. James Richardson,
RHODE ISLAND.
Samuel Ward King, Nathl. S. Ruggles.
1. William Peckham, 2. Peleg Wilbur.
CONNECTICUT.
Morris Woodruff, John D. Reynolds.
1. John Baldwin,
2. Chester Smith,
3. Eli Todd,
4. Oliver H. King,
5. Erastus Sturges,
6. E. Jackson, Jr.
NEW YORK.
E. P. Livingston,
1. Nathaniel Garron, 21.
2. Theophilus S. Morgan,22.
3. Moses Ralph, 23.
4. David Moulton, 24.
5. Henry Waring, 25.
6. Ebenezer Wood, 26.
7. Gideon Lee, 27.
8. Peter Collier, 28.
9. John Targee, 29.
10. Tohn Hyde, 30.
11. Preserved Fish, 31.
12. Thomas Humphrey, 32.
13. J. W. Harden brook, 33.
14. Joseph Reynolds, 34.
15. Abraham Miller, 35.
16. Darius Bentley, 36.
17. William Taber, 37.
18. Samuel Payne, 38.
19. Samuel Hunter, 39.
20. G. Curtis, 40.
Amos Buck.
Peter Crispell, Jr.,
Setli Thomas,
William Deitz,
Jonas Seely,
Samuel Anable,
Oliver Phelps,
James Woods,
Truman Spencer,
John N. Quackenbush,
Abel Baldwin,
Daniel D. Campbell,
James Sutherland,
John Gale,
Calvin T. Chamberlain,
Dudley Farlin,
Orris Crosby,
James B. Spencer,
M. A. Andrews,
John S. Veeder
Asa Clark, Jr.
NEW
Daniel Vliet,
1. Peter J. Terhune,
2. John M. Perrine,
3. Joseph Rogers,
JERSEY.
Aaron Vansyckel.
4. James Newell,
5. William Munroe,
6. William L. Stiles.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Samuel McKean,
1. C. Garber,
2. William Swilland,-
3. John T. Knight,
4. W. Brindle,
5. William Thomson,
6. Adam Light,
7. Edward King,
8. George Barnitz,
9. B. W. Richards,
10. D. Sheffer,
11. George W. Smick,
12. Frederick Orwan,
13. John Slaymaker,
14. George McCullock,
David D. Wagener.
15. Oliver Alison,
16. John Murray,
17. George G. Leiper,
18. David Oilman,
19. Henry Scheetz,
20. David Frazier,
21. Adam Ritscher,
22. P. Mulvany,
23. William Addams,
24. J. Patten,
25. John Schall,
26. J. Y. Bauley,
27. J. Rooker,
28. Wilson Smith.
DELAWARE.
George Truitt, C. P. Comegys.
1. H. F. Hall.
MARYLAND.
R. H. Goldsborough, William Price.
1. J. S. Smith,
2. William B. Tyler,
3. William Frick,
4. Albert Constable,
5. U. S. Heath,
6. John L. Steele.
VIRGINIA.
George Loyall,
1. John Cargill,
2. John Gibson,
3. James Jones,
4. J. Horner,
5. Thomas M. Nelson,
6. H. L. Opie,
7. Archibald Austin,
8. James M. Mason,
9. Richard Logan,
10. John McMillan,
21. A. R.
Samuel Blackwell.
11. Joseph Martin,
12. J. D. Williamson,
13. William Jones,
14. Charles Beale,
15. W. H.Roane,
16. Thomas Bland,
17. Samuel Carr,
18. A. Russell,
19. L. T. Dade,
20. Philip N. Nicholas,
Harwood.
NORTH CAROLINA.
A. W. Venable,
1. Robert Love,
2. I. I. Daniel,
3. George L. Davidson,
4. W. B. Lockhart,
5. Peregrine Roberts,
6. F. Ward.
J. 0. Watson.
7. Thomas G. Polk,
8. R. D. Spaight,
9. Thomas Settle,
10. Owen Holmes,
11. J. M. Morehead,
12. Henry Skinner,
13. Walter F. Leak.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Robert J. Turnbull,
1. W. Thompson, Jr.,
2. Samuel Cherry,
3. William Dubose,
4. Thomas Lyles,
9. Thomas Evans.
Elijah Watson.
5. W. B. Seabrook,
6. Thomas Dugan,
7. Benjamin Dart,
Joseph S. Shelton,
GEORGIA.
Beverly Allen,
1. Elias Beall,
2. Henry Jackson,
3. David Blackshear,
4. William Terrell,
9. Seaton Grantland.
Henry Holt.
5. W. B. Bullock,
6. John Whitehead,
7. John Floyd,
8. Wilson Williams,
TENNESSEE.
M. Aiken,
Daniel Bowman.
1.
William Snodgrass,
7. Joseph McMillon,
2.
J. G. Bostick,
8. Willie Blount,
3.
Jesse Wallace,
9. William Stroud, Sr.,
4.
Elliott Hickman,
10. David Fentress,
5.
W. B. A. Ramsey,
11. John Heam,
6.
William Pillow,
12. B. Coleman,
13. George Elliott
KENTUCKY.
Joseph Eve.
Alney McLeon.
1.
Benjamin Hardin,
7. Burr Harrison,
2.
W. K. Wall,
8. Thomas Chilton,
3.
M. P. Marshall,
9. John I. Marshall,
4.
J. L. Hickman,
10. D. S. Patton,
5.
M. V. Thompson,
11. E. M. Ewing,
6.
William Ousley,
12. M. Beatty,
13. Thompson M. Ewing.
OHIO.
Benjamin Tappan,
John M. Goodenow, 10.
Valentine Keffer, 11.
I. D. Morris, 12.
Isaac Humphreys, 13.
Mark T. Wills, 14.
Alexander Elliott, 15.
R. D. Forman, 16.
John Chaney, 17.
Alexander McConnell, 18.
19. Jonathan
Joseph J. McDowell.
George Sliarpe,
Michael Moore,
Fisher A. Blocksom,
John Lavwell,
William S. Tracy,
George Marshall,
Jeremiah McLane,
Eli Baldwin,
H. J. Harman,
Cilley.
TABULAR RECORDS
525
LOUISIANA.
J. B. Blanche, Alexander Mouton.
1. Thomas W. Scott, 2. W. H. Overton,
3. T. Landry.
INDIANA. i
Georgfe Boon, M. Crupe.
1. W. Armstrong. 4. John KetchOm,
2. Alexander J. Burnett, 5. Arthur Patterson,
3. James Blake, 6. Thomas Givins,
7. N. B. Palmer.
MISSISSIPPI.
William Dowsing,
1. Wiley P. Harris,
Samuel Hunter.
2. W. W. Cherry.
ILLINOIS.
James Evans, Adams Dunlap.
1. John C. Alexander, 2. Thomas Ray,
3. Abner Flack.
ALABAMA.
Henry King, William Edmondson.
1. John J. Winston, 3. William R. Pickett,
2. William P. Gould, 4. George Phillips,
5. Theophilus Toulmin.
MISSOURI.
Joel H. Haden,
1. William Blackey,
John Hume.
Henry Shurlds.
THIRTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION —
1837.
Martin Van Buren was elected President, receiv-
ing the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hamp-
shire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Penn-
sylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Louisiana, Mis-
sissippi, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, Mich-
igan,— ^170. William H. Harrison received the entire
vote of Vermont, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland,
Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana, — 73 ; Hugh L. White
the vote of Georgia and Tennessee, — 26 ; Daniel Web-
ster the vote of Massachusetts,— 14 ; and W. P. Man-
gum the vote of South Carolina, — 11. Richard M.
Johnson was chosen Vice-President by the Senate,
no one having received a majority of the electoral
votes, which stood : Richard M. Johnson, 147 ; Francis
Granger, 77; 'John Tyler, 47; William Smith, 23.
The Electors were :
Reuel Williams,
Sheldon Hobbs,
Joseph Tobin,
Jonathan Smith,
John Hamblen,
MAINE.
5.
6.
7.
Shepherd Carey.
Benjamin Burgess,
William Thompson,
John H. Jarvis,
S. S. Heagan.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Jonathan Harvey, Josiah Russell.
1. Isaac Waldron,
2. G. Gilmore,
5.
3. Tristam Shaw,
4. Ebenezer Carlton,
Stephen Gale.
VERMONT.
Jabez Proctor, T. Howe.
1. S. Swift, 3. David Crawford,
2. Titus Hutchinson, 4. W. A. Griswold,
5. Edward Lamb.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Nathaniel Silsbee,
E. A. Newton, 7.
Leverett Saltonstall, 8.
Benjamin Walker, 9.
Isaac C. Bates, 10.
Loammi Baldwin, 11.
Thomas Longley, 12.
Samnel Appleton.
Samuel Lee,
Bazaleel Taft, Jr.,
J. G. Kendall,
Howard Lothrop,
Charles W. Morgan,
Charles J. Holmes.
RHODE ISLAND
James Fenner,
1. John D'Wolf,
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Henry Bull.
B. B. Thurston.
CONNECTICUT.
Lorain T. Pease, Luther Warren.
Alfred Bassett,
Seth P. Beers,
Julius Clark,
4. R. P. Williams,
5. Moses Gregory,
6. Carlos Chapman.
NEW YORK.
Cor.'W. Lawrence,
Jacob Sutherland, 21.
Gideon Ostrander, 22.
Moses Rolph, 23.
John Targee, 24.
Jacob Crocheron, 25.
Jeremiah Anderson, 26.
Stephen Allen, 27.
James Hooker, 28.
Nathaniel P. Hill, 2^.
Ichabod Bartlett, 30.
Jeremiah Russell, 31.
Augustus C. Welch, 32.
Zadock Pratt, 33.
Lyman Strabridge, 34.
Lucas Hoes, 35.
Whitcombe Phelps, 36.
Henry Koon, 37.
David Munro, 38.
Peter Wendell, 39.
Daniel Dickey, 40.
John Cox.
Herman Gansevoort,
Peleg Slade,
John Gale,
Alanson M. Knapp,
Walcott Tyrell,
Jared Willson,
David C. Judson,
Elisha Doubleday,
Frederick Lammons,
Joseph Sibley,
Henry Ellison,
Samuel Benedict,
Parker Halleck,
Daniel H. Bissell,
George F. Falley,
Thomas J. Wheeler,
Orville Hungerford,
Guy H. Goodrich,
Joshua Babcock,
Hiram Gardner.
Jr.,
NEW JERSEY.
William Stevens, Allison Ely.
John H. Hall, 4.
Joshua Burr, 5.
William Brittan, 6.
David Beevis,
Josiah S. Worth,
J. Leaming.
PENNSYLVANIA.
James Thompson,
Robert Patterson,
Thomas C. Miller,
Thomas D, Grover,
William Clark,
Joseph Burden,
John Mitchell,
John Naglee,
Leonard Rupert,
Samuel Badger,
George Kriner,
Gardner Furness,
Asa Mann,
Oliver Allison,
William R. Smith,
Henry Welsh.
15. Henry Myers,
16. S. L. Carpenter,
17. John B. Sterigere,
18. Robert Patterson,
19. Henry Chapman,
20. Wallace M. Williams,
21. Jacob Kern,
22. James Power,
23. Jacob Dillinger,
24. Robert Orr,
25. Paul Geiger,
26. John Carothers,
27. Calvin Blythe,
28. John P. Davis,
DELAWARE.
William W. Morris, William Dunning.
1. H. F. Hall.
MARYLAND.
Elias Brown,
1. J. B. Ricaud,
2. George Howard,
3. William Price,
4. J. M. Coale,
David Hoffman.
5. Anthony Kimmel,
6. Robert W. Bowie,
7. T. Burchenal,
8. Thomas G. Pratt.
VIRGINIA.
A. Smith, »
Samuel Carr.
1.
John Cargill,
8. A. S. Baldwin,
2.
W. Holladay,
9. Richard Logan,
3.
James Jones,
10. J. D. Williamson,
4.
1. Horner,
11. A. Stuart,
5.
Wm. R. Baskerville,
12. D. B. Layne,
6.
H. L. Opie,
13. H. Hudgins,
7.
Archibald Austin,
14. A. Bierne,
526
TABULAR RECORDS
15. A. R. Harwood, 18. John Gibson,
16. JameB Hoge, 19. W. H. Roane,
17. Jolin Moncure. 20. Samuel L. Hays,
31. John Hindman.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Robert Love,
George Bower,
Nathaniel Macon,
John Wilson,
W. B. Lockhart,
A. Henderson,
G. C. Marchant,
Josiah 0. Watson.
7. John Hill,
8. L. D. Wilson,
9. John Parker,
10. W. P. Ferrand,
11. W. A. Morris,
12. Owen Holmes,
13. A. W. Venable.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
John Little John,
1. Patrick Noble,
2. Thomas Dugan,
3. D. J. McCord,
4. B. T. Elmore,
9. John Maxwelh
Thomas L. Gourdin.
5. Thomas F. Jones,
6. R. H. Goodwin,
7. John Frampton,
8. B. K. Hanegan,
GEORGIA.
George R. Gilmer,
1. John W. Campbell,
2. Howell Cobb,
3. Gibson Clark,
4. William H. Holt,
9. C.
Thomas Stocks,
5. E. Wimberly,
6. Ambrose Baber,
7. Thomas Hamilton,
8. David Meriwether,
Hines.
ALABAMA.
William Smith, Robert H. Watkins.
1. John McKinley, 3. Thomas D. King,
2. John S. Hunter, 4. William R. Hallett,
5. William R. Pickett.
TENNESSEE.
Robert J. McKinney,
1. John Netherland, 7.
2. W. E. Anderson, 8.
Alexander E. Smith, 9.
Andrew J. Hoover. 10.
James Park. 11.
T. F. Bradford, 12.
3.
4.
5.
6.
13. William W. Lea.
John Gordon.
James A. Whiteside,
Neil S. Brown,
Asa Falkner,
S. D. Frierson,
Richard Clieatham,
L. P. Williamson,
KENTUCKY.
Burr Harrison,
1. Henrv Daniel,
2. William K. Wall,
3. Philip Triplett,
4. Robert Wickliff,
5. D. S. Patton,
6. Thomas Metcalf,
13.
Thomas P. Wilson.
7. E. Rumsey,
8. M. P. Marshall,
9. Richard A. Buckner,
10. J. F. Ballinger,
11. C. Tomkins,
12. Robert P. Letcher,
M. Beatty.
OHIO.
Benjamin Ruggles,
1. Joshua Collett,
8. Ira Belknap,
3. George P. Torrence,
4. Samuel Elliott,
5. Andrew McCleary,
6. Mordecai Bartiey,
7. Elijah Huntington,
8. John Codding,
9. Isaiah Morris,
W. C. Kirker.
10. Jared P. Kirtland,
11. Alexander Campbell,
12. D. Hasbough,
13. William Kendall,
14. John P. Coulter,
15. Abels Rennick,
16. John L. Lacy,
17. Christian King,
18. Andrew Donnelly,
19. Samuel Newell.
MISSISSIPPI.
Thomas Hinds, R. H. Grant.
1. B. W. Edwards, 2. H. G. Runnels.
LOUISIANA.
J. B. Planche, Alexander Mouton.
1. T. U. Scott,
2. P. E. Bossier,
3. T. Landry.
INDIANA.
John C. Clendenin,
1. Hiram Decker,
2. A. W. Morris,
3. Milton Stapp,
7. A. P.
Archilles Williams.
4. A. L. White,
5. Enoch McCarty,
6. M. G. Clark,
Andrews.
MISSOURI.
George F. Bollinger, William Monroe.
1. John Sappington, 2. A. Bird.
ARKANSAS.
John Miller, A. B. Anthony.
1. Joshua Morrison.
MICHIGAN.
Daniel Leroy,
William H. Hoeg.
1. David C. McKinstry.
ILLINOIS.
John Wyatt, Samuel Hachleton.
1. Samuel Leach, 2. John Pearson,
John D. "Whitesides.
FOURTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION—
1841.
W^iLLiAM Henry Harrison was elected President,
receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, Massa-
chusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Mary-
land, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee,
Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, and Michigan,
— 234. Martin Van Buren received the entire vote of
New Hampshire, Virginia, South Carolina, Illinois,
Alabama, Missouri, and Arkansas, — 60. John Tyler
was elected Vice-President, receiving 234 votes, while
R. M. Johnson had 48, L, W. Tazewell 11, and James
K. Polk 1. The electors were :
MAINE.
Isaac Illsley,
1. Isaac Hodson, 5.
2. E. Robinson, 6.
3. Samuel Small, 7.
4. Benjamin P. Oilman, 8.
Thomas Fillebrown.
Rufus K. Goodenow,
J. Huse,
Charles Trafton,
Thomas Robinson.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Samuel Burns, S. Perley.
1. John Scott, 3. Samuel Hatch,
2. J. W. Weeks, 4. F. Hoi brook,
5. Andrew Paine, Jr.
VERMONT.
Samuel C. Crafts, John Conaut.
1. Ezra Meech, 3. William Henry,
2. A. B. W. Tenney, 4. William P. Briggs,
5. Joseph Reed.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Isaac C. Bates,
1. Peleg Sprague,
2. Sidney Willard,
3. Richard Houghton,
4. Ira M. Barton,
5. S. C. Phillips,
6. George Grennell, Jr.
Rufus Longley.
7. Samuel Mixter,
8. Joseph Tripp,
9. Thomas French,
10. John B. Thomas,
11. W. Wood,
12. J. Z. Goodrich.
RHODE ISLAND.
Nicholas Brown, W. Weeden.
1. George Engs,
2. William Rhodes.
CONNECTICUT.
H. Spencer, Reuben Booth.
1.
James Brewster,
4. P. Bierce,
2.
P. Pearl,
5. J. Greene,
3.
A. Larrabee,
6. J. S. Peters.
TABULAR RECORDS.
527
NEW YORK.
James Burt,
Abraham Rose, 21.
H. Watson, 22.
John T. Harrison. 23.
G. P. Griffith, 24.
John L. Lawrence, 25.
A. Mclntyre, 26.
Joseph Tucker, 27.
E. Stimson, 28.
J. P. Phoenix, 29.
Josiah Hand, 30.
Richard S. Williams, 31.
K. P. Cool, 33.
P. Van Cortlandt, 33.
14. Jonathan Wallace, 34.
15. B. Wliite. 35.
16. H. P. Voorhies, 36.
17. N.Dubois, 37.
18. Thomas Burch, 38.
19. Peter G. Sharp, 39.
20. P. B. Porter, 40.
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
6
7.
8
9
10
11
12
13
Elisha Jenkins.
John L Knox,
Albert Crane,
Peter Pratt,
Charles Bradish,
E. Merrick,
Gideon Lee,
J. Livingston,
Grattan H. Wheeler,
Isaac Ogden,
William Garbutt,
Samuel Balcom,
P. L. Tracey,
L I. Speed, Jr.,
John Wheeler,
D. Hibbard,
Philo Orton,
John Williams,
H. R. Seymour,
B. D. Noxen,
Davis Hurd.
NEW JERSEY.
Lewis Condict, John Runk.
1. C. Stepton,
2. Samuel G. Wright,
3. James Sliff,
4. Thomas New^bold,
5. J. M. Ryerson,
6. Joshua Townsend.
PENNSYLVANIA.
J. A. Shulze,
1. J. Ritner,
2. J. K. Zeilin,
3. L. Passmore,
4. Robert Stimson,
5. J. P. Wetherell,
6. W. S. Hendrie,
7. Thomas P. Cope,
8. L J. Ross,
9. F. Gillingham,
10. Peter Filbert,
11. A. Ellmaker,
12. William Addams,
13. John Harper,
14. B. Connelly, Jr.,
A. R. Mcllvain.
15. William Mcllvain,
16. Joseph Markle,
17. J. Dickson,
18. J. G. Fordyce,
19. J. McKeehan,
20: T. M. T. McKennan,
21. John Reed,
22. H. Denny.
23. A. B. Wilson,
24. Joseph Buffington,
25. N. Middlesv^^arth,
26. Henry Black,
27. George Walker,
28. John Dick.
DELAWARE.
Benjamm Caulk, H. F. Hall.
1. Peter J. Causey.
MARYLAND.
Pavid Hoffman, J. P. Kennedy.
1. J. L. Keer, 5. Jacob A. Preston,
2. Georsre Howard, 6. James M. Coale,
3. Theod. R. Lockerman, 7. W. T. Woolton,
4. Richard J. Bowie, 8. Thomas A. Spence.
VIRGINIA.
1.
2.
8.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A. Smith,
J. CargiU, 11.
Archibald Stuart, 12.
James Jones, 13.
William Tod, 14.
William R. Baskeville,15.
A. Brockenbrough, 16.
Charles Yancey, 17.
John Gibson, 18.
J. B. Halybirton, 19.
J. D. Williamson, 20.
31. John Hu
Richard Logan.
J. T. Randolph,
William Taylor,
W. Holliday,
A. C. Chapman,
J. Horner,
James Hoge,
Richard E. Byrd,
William Byers,
William A. Harris,
Benjamin Brown,
rdman.
NORTH CAROLINA.
James Welborn,
1. Charles McDowell,
2. J. B. Kelly,
3. D. Ram sour,
4. James Mebane.
D. F. Caldwell.
5. A. Rencher,
6. William W. Cherry,
7. James S. Smith,
8. Thomas F. Jones,
9. Charles Manly, 11. William L. Long,
10. Josiah Collins, 12. James W. Bryan,
13. Daniel B. Baker.
John Crawford,
1. J, J. Caldwell,
2. W. H. Cannon,
3. A. Mazyck,
4. J. Buchanan,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
9. John L. Ashe.
J. L. Jeter.
5. H. J. Johnson,
6. F. J. Goodwyn,
7. W. Mc Willie,
8. J. Jenkins,
GEORGIA.
George R. Gilmer,
1. D. L. Clinch,
2. W. W. Ezzard,
3. J. W. Campbell,
4. C. B. Strong,
A. Miller.
5. Joel Crawford,
6. E. Wimberly,
7. Charles Dougherty,
8. J. Whitehead,
9. S. Grantland.
ALABAMA.
William K. Hallett, Joseph P. Frazier.
1. B. M. Lowe, 3. M. F. Rainey,
2. Benjamin Fitzpatrick, 4. Benjamin Reynolds,
5. J. Murphy.
MISSISSIPPI.
S. S. Prentiss, Thomas J. Word.
1. J. J. Stewart, 2. Henry Dickenson.
TENNESSEE.
E. H. Foster, Thos. J. Campbell.
1. S. Jarnagin, 7. A. A. Anderson,
2. J. F. Morford, 8. D. W. Dickenson,
3. Thomas D. Arnold, 9. J. H. Cahal,
4. Thomas L. Bransford, 10. G. A. Henry,
5. William P. Senter, 11. E. J. Shields,
6. James O. Janes, 12. George W. Gibbs.
KENTUCKY.
Richard A. Buckner, Chas. G. Wintersmith,
1. James T. Morehead, 7. James W. Irwin,
8. R. H. Menefee,
9. B. Y. Ousley,
lO; M. P. Marshall,
11. James Harlan,
12. A. Beatty,
2. Thomas W. Riley,
3. Robert Patterson,
4. William H. Field,
5. Iredell Hart,
6. Daniel Breck,
13. W. W. Southgate.
OHIO.
William R. Putnam,
Alexander Mayhew, 10.
Henry Harter, 11.
A. Spafford. 12.
Joshua Collett, 13.
Abraham Miley, 14.
Samuel F. Vinton, 15.
John I. Vanmeter, 16.
Aquila Toland, 17.
Perley B. Johnson, 18.
19. John Jameson.
Reasin Beall.
John Dukes,
Otho Brashear,
James Raquel,
C. S. Miller,
John Carey,
David King,
Storm Rosa,
John Beatty,
John Augustine,
INDIANA.
J. McCarty, Joseph G. MarshaU.
1. J. W. Payne* 4. James H. Cravens,
2. Joseph L. White, 5. Caleb B. Smith,
3. Richard W. Thompson, 6. William Herod,
7. Samuel C. Sample.
' ILLINOIS.
A. W. Snyder, J. A. McClernand.
1. Isaac P. Walker, 2. James H. Ralston,
3. I. W. Eldridge.
MICHIGAN.
Thomas J. Drake, H. G. Wells.
1. J. Van Fossen.
528
TABULAR RECORDS
LOUISIANA.
William D. Buys, Jacques Dupre.
1. J. Birnard, 2. S. Lewis,
3. L. Barras.
A. Byrd,
1. E. Dobyns,
MISSOTXRI.
James Holman.
2. W. G. Meriwether.
ARKANSAS.
John McClellen, Sam. M. Rutherford.
1, John Miller.
FIFTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.— 1845.
James K. Polk was elected President, receiving
the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hampshire,
New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina,
Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois,
Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, and Micliigan, — 170.
Henry Clay received the vote of Rhode Island, Mas-
sachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Jersey, Del-
aware, Maryland, North Carolina, Kentucky, Ten-
nessee, and Ohio, — 105. George M. Dallas was
elected Vice-President, receiving 170 votes, while T.
Frelinghuysen had 105. The electors were ;
MAINE.
Jas. W. Bradbury, John Foster.
1. John Stickney, 4. Levi Morrill,
2. Ichabod Jordan, 5. J. A. Lowell,
3. Alfred Pierce, 6. Thomas Bartlett,
7. Nathaniel Robinson.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
William Badger, Isaac Hale.
1. John McNeil, 3. E. R. Currier,
2. E. Sawyer, 4. J. L. Putnam.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Abbott Lawrence,
1. Lewis Strong,
2. Charles Allen,
3. N. Appleton,
4. W. B. Calhoun,
5. J. P. Allen,
A. R. Thompson.
6. C. B. Rising,
7. Homer Bartlett,
8. Elijah Vose,
9. W. Baylies,
10. SethCrowelL
RHODE ISLAND.
Benjamin Weaver, John Greene,
1. Stephen Steere, 2. N. F. Dixon (the elder).
CONNECTICUT.
Clark Bissell, N. O. Kellogg.
1. Charles W. Rockwell, 3. S. A. Foote,
2. Joseph L. Gladding. 4. Truman Smith.
VERMONT.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
J. H. Harris,
John Pick,
Benjamin Swift,
C. Coolidge.
3. C. Townsley,
4. E. Fairbanks.
NEW YORK.
Benjamin F. Butler,
Daniel S. Dickinson, 14.
Clemence Whitaker, 15
Hugh Halsey, 16.
A. Doane, 17.
H. Thompson, 18.
Thomas H. Hubbard, 19.
George Douglass, 20.
L. Pettengill, 21.
Neil Cray, 22.
William Mason, 23.
W. S. Havemayer, 24.
H. Potts, 25.
J. J. Coddington, 26.
John Nellis.
Daniel Dana,
Daniel Johnson,
John Gillett,
J. Crawford,
J. E, Bogardus,
William Murrey,
J. Boynton,
Jacobus Hoerolnburgh,
E. Johnson,
J. L. Hogeboom,
John Lapham,
N. M. Martin,
J. D. Higgins,
27. J. K. Page,
28. R. H. Shankland,
29. John Savage,
30. J. Hascall, Jr.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
31. William Hedding,
32. RufusH. Smith,
33. John Fay,
34. A. Hogeboom.
NEW JERSEY.
J. B. Aycrigg,
1. Charles Reeves,
2. E. Y. Rogers,
5.
A.
John Emly.
3. E. Q. Keasbeg,
4. James Stewart,
Godwin.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Wilson McCandless,
1. Asa Dimock, 13.
2. N. W. Sample, 14.
G. F. Lehman, 15.
William Heidenrich, 16.
Christian Kneass, 17.
Conrad Shimer, 18.
William H.Smith, 19.
Stephen Baldy, 20.
John Hill, 21.
I. Brewster, 22.
Samuel E. Leech, 23.
12. George Schnable, 24.
Jesse Sharp.
Samuel Camp,
N. B. Eldred,
William N. Irvine,
John Matthews,
James Woodburn,
William Patterson,
Hugh Montgomery,
A. Burke,
Isaac Ankeny,
John M. Gill,
C. Meyers,
Robert Orr.
DELAWARE.
Alfred Dupont, Thomas Davis.
1. Enoch Spruance.
MARYLAND.
William M. Gaither, William Price.
James B. Ricaud, 4. A. W. Bradford,
C. K. Stewart, 5. H. E. Wright,
Thomas S. Alexander, 6. Samuel Hambleton.
VIRGINIA.
John S. Mill son,
1. Thomas Wallace, 8.
2. Richard Coke, Jr., 9,
3. R. H. Baptiste, 10.
4. H. Bedinger, 11.
5. William Daniel, 12.
6. G. B. Samuels, 13.
7. A. Stuart, 14.
15. William S
W. H. Roane.
James Hoge,
Thomas J. Randolph,
H. S. Kane,
William Smith,
R. A. Thompson,
William P. Taylor,
Joseph Johnson,
Morgan.
NORTH CAROLINA.
William W. Cherry, Josiah Collins.
1. R. B. Gilliam, 5. John Kerr,
2. W. H. Washington, 6. A. H. Shepard,
3. D. B. Baker, 7. James W. Osborne,
4. M. Q. Waddell, 8. J.Horton,
9. John Baxter.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
F. H. Elmore, F. W. Pickens.
1. J. D. Wetherspoon, 4. T. B. Skipper,
2. H. C. Young, 5. L. Boozer,
3. F. W. Huey, 6. William Cairn,
7. R. De Treville.
GEORGIA.
Chas. J. McDonald,
1. B. Graves, 5.
2. H. V. Johnson, 6.
3. R. M. Charlton, 7.
4. Charles Murphy, 8.
Alfred Iverson.
William F. Sandford,
George W. Towers,
William B. WofEord,
Eli H. Baxter.
KENTUCKY.
P. Triplett,
1. B. M. Crenshaw,
2. W. W. Southgate,
3. Benjamin Hardin,
4. W. R. Grigsby,
5. I. K. Underwood,
Greene Adams.
6. W. J. Gram,
7. R. A. Patterson,
8. Leslie Coombs,
9. John Kincard,
10. L. W. Andrews.
TABULAR RECORDS.
529
OHIO.
Thomas Corwin, Peter Hitchcock
1.
Bellamy Storer.
11. W. W. Conklin,
3.
Samson Mason,
12. James Holcombe,
3.
W. Bebb,
13. H. Chapin,
4.
D. J. Cory,
14. J. Crooks,
5.
A. Plarlan,
15. T. W. Bostwick,
6.
J. Scott,
16. W. R. Sapp,
7.
R. W. Clark,
17. J. W. Gill,
8.
David Adams,
18. Cyrus Spink,
9.
Joseph Olds,
19. J. H. Baldwin,
10.
D. S. Norton,
20. W. S. Perkins,
21
John Fuller.
TENNESSEE.
John Bell,
1. G. A. Henry,
2. J. H. Crozier,
3. J. A. R. Nelson,
4. D. L. Barringer,
5. R. H. Hynds,
Robert L. Caruthers.
6. N. S. Brown,
7. Thomas R. Jennings,
8. J. D. Tyler,
9. H. L. Bransford,
10. William T. Haskell,
11. Robertson Topp.
G. Leonard,
1. T. Landry,
2. T. W. Scott,
LOUISIANA.
J. B. Planche.
3. A. E. Mouton,
4. S. W. Downes.
MISSISSIPPI.
A.. Fox, R. H. Boone,
1. J. Vv. Matthews, 3. H. S. Foote,
2. Jos. Bell, 4. Jefferson Davis.
INDIANA.
James G. Re^d,
1. William A. Bowles,
2. Elijah Newland,
3. J. M. Johnston,
4. Samuel E. Perkins,
5. William W. Wick,
G. N. Fitch.
6. P. C. Dunning,
7. Austin M. Puett,
8. H. W. Ellsworth,
9. Charles W. Cathcart,
10. John Gilbert.
ILLINOIS.
A. W. Cavarly, Wm. A. Richardson.
1. J. D. Wood, * 4. Isaac N. Arnold,
2. John Dement, 5. A. C. French,
3. Willis Allen, 6. John Calhoun,
7. Norman H. Purple.
MICHIGAN.
Lewis Beaufait, George Redfield.
1. P. S. Paulding, 2. Charles P. Bush,
3. Samuel Axford.
ALABAMA.
R. B. Wathall, Daniel Hubbard.
1. W. R. Hallett, 4. J. J. Winston,
2. Dixon Hall, 5. J. A. Nooe,
3. Thomas S. Mays, 6. Jeremiah Clemens,
7. William B. Martin.
ARKANSAS.
W. W. Izard, Solon Borland.
1. W. S. Oldham.
MISSOURI.
James S. Green, William A. Hall.
1. W. P. Hall, 3. W. C. Jones,
2. William Shields, 4. Franklin Cannon,
5. William L. Sublette.
isiana,and Florida, — 163 votes. Lewis Cass received
the entire vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Virginia,
South Carolina, Ohio, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois,
Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, Michigan, Texas, Iowa,
and Wisconsin, — 127. Millard Fillmore was elect-
ed Vice-President, receiving 163 votes, while William
O. Butler received 127. The Electors were :
SIXTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS —
1849.
Zachary Taylor was elected President, re-
ceiving the entire electoral vote of Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland,
North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Lou-
MAINE.
Rufus Mclntire,
1. H. J. Anderson,
2. A. Wiswell,
3. O. L. Sanborn,
Thos. D. Robinson.
4. A. Masters,
5. E. L. Osgood,
6. Asa Clark,
7. D. R. Straw.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Samuel Tilton, Jesse Bowers.
1. Joseph H. Smith, 3. R. H. Ayer,
2. J. Eastman, 4. Simeon Warner.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Levi Lincoln,
1. F. Dwight,
2. D. Adams,
3. Albert Fearing,
4. Isaac Livermore,
5. B. F. Thomas,
David Pingree.
6. M. Lawrence,
7. A. Howland,
8. H. A. S. Dearborn,
9. William Baylies,
10. William K. Easton.
RHODE ISLAND.
William Sprague,
1. J. T. Rhodes,
George G. King.
2. R. Babcock.
CONNECTICUT.
Thos. S. Williams, Thos. W. Williams.
1. Solomon Olmsted, 3. John McClellan,
2. E. Jackson, 4. J. B. Ferris.
VERMONT.
Erastus Fairbanks, Timothy FoUett.
1. George T. Hodges, 3. A. L. Catlin,
2. A. Tracy, 4. E. Cleveland.
NEW YORK.
H. H. Ross,
1. A. T. Rose,
2. George Benson,
3. J. M. Cross,
4. J. C. Cruger,
5. D. Lord,
6. T. D. Bull,
7. Jo. Hoxie,
8. J. S. Smith,
9. J. Whittemore,
10. Robert Dorian,
11. J. Seymour,
12. C. F. Crosby,
13. J. McKie,
14. B. J. Clark.
15. S. Freeman,
16. J. A. Collier,
17. I. C. DufE,
George Griswold.
18. J. Bradley,
19. William B. Welles,
20. Daniel Larkin,
21. Charles R. Bar stow,
22. O. Poole,
23. D. Kellogg,
24. B. F. Harwood,
25. S. Francher,
26. J. Davenport,
27. E. Sheldon,
28. D. E. Sill,
29. M. Butterfield,
30. William Kelchum,
31. E. D. Smith,
32. O. P. Haskell,
33. Asa Chatfield,
34. Solomon Parmalee.
NEW JERSEY.
John Runk, Isaac V. Brown.
1. J. Brick, 3. Charles Burroughs,
2. Robert V. Armstrong, 4. C. Howell,,
5. Peter I. Ackerman.
*'
pe:^nsylyania.
T. M. T. McKennan, Charles Snyder.
1. John P. Sanderson, 9. Thomas W. Duffield,
2. W. G. Hurly,
3. J. G. Clarkson,
4. Francis Tyler,
5. J. P. Wetherill,
6. H. Johnson,
7. J. M. Davis,
8. William Calder,
10. William Mcllvaine.
11. J. Dungan,
12. Charles W. Fisher,
13. Daniel E. Hitner,
14. A. G. Curtin,
15. J. D. Steele,
16. Thomas R. Davidson,
530
TABULAR RECORDS
17. I. Landes, 21. A. M. Loomis,
18. Joseph Markle, 22. Thomas H. Sill,
19. Joseph bchomacher, 23. Richard Irwin,
20. David Agnew, 24. Samuel A. Purviance.
DELAWAKE.
P. Reybold, Samuel Cotts.
1. G. H. Wright.
MARYLAND.
W. L. Gaither, A. G. Ege.
1. Joseph S. Cottman, 4. J. M. Starris,
2. J. P. Roman, 5. B. C. Wicker,
3. J. M. S. Causin, 6. J. C. Derickson.
VIRGINIA.
J. S. Millson,
1. F. E. Rives,
2. Henry A. Wise,
3. H. L. Hopkins,
4. Thomas Sloane,
5. W. P. Bocock,
6. G. B. Samuels,
7. W. M. Tredway,
15.0.
R. G. Scott.
8. John Letcher,
9. S. F. Leake,
10. John B. Flovd,
11. J. S. Barbour, Sr.,
12. A. G. Pendleton,
13. H. A. Washington,
14. Samuel L. Haynes,
W. Largefit.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Kenneth Rayner,
1. Edward Stanley,
2. W. A. Washington,
3. George Davis,
4. J. Winslow,
9. John Baxtou.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
H. W. Miller.
5. John Kerr,
6. Rawley Galloway.
7. Jas. W. Osborne,
8. Tod R. Caldwell,
Benjamin F. Perry,
1. Thomas Lehre,
2. J. L. Manning,
3. P. C. Caldwell,
Alexander Ervins.
4. W. J. Hanua,
5. N. R. Eaves,
6. J. B. Campbell,
7. Benjamin G. Allston.
GEORGIA.
William Terrell, Seaton Grantland.
1. H. W. Sharpe, 5. A. W. Redding,
2. W. Aiken, 6. Y. P. King,
3. William H, Crawford, 7. William Moseley,
4. Ashbury Hull, 8. George Stapleton.
KENTUCKY.
A. Dixon,
1. L. Lindsay,
2. J. L. Johnson,
3. F. E. McLean,
4. William Chenault,
5. T. W. Lisle,
M. V. Thomson.
6. M D. McHenry,
7. B. R. Young,
8. Leslie Coombs,
9. A. Trumbo,
10. W. C. Marshall.
TENNESSEE.
James C. Jones,
1. T. A. R. Nelson,
2. A. G. Watkins,
3. R. B. Brabson,
4. John L. Goodall,
5. William Kercheval,
John Netherland.
6. S. E. Rose,
7. J. S. Brien,
8. William Cullom,
9. A. Goodrich,
10. G. D. Searcy,
11. C. H. Williams.
OHIO.
L. Byington,
1. J. Sniden,
2. George Kesling,
3. J. Kinney,
4. G. Violney Dorsey,
5. C. M. Godfrey,
6. S. Diffenderfer,
7. S. M. Littell,
8. D. T. Swinney,
9. Lewis Anderson,
10. John Lidey,
^1. Yan
Sam'l Starkweather.
11. William Lawrence.
12. William J. Fry,
13. Joseph Burns,
14. W. McDonald,
15. D. A. Starkweather,
16. J. B. Butler,
17. H. B. Payne,
18. A. Ives,
19. John Caldwell,
20. John Glover,
S. Murphy.
LOUISIANA.
Jacques Joutant, J. P. Benjamin.
1. M. J. Carcia, 3. John Moore,
2. C. Adams, Jr., 4. J. G. Campbell.
MISSISSIPPI.
J. A. Quitman, J. W. Chalmers.
1. D. B. Wright, 3. William McWillie,
2. J. A. Ventress, 4. G. W. L. Smith.
INDIANA.
Robert Dale Owen,
1. N. Albertson,
2. C. L. Dunham,
3. William M. McCarty,
4. Charles H. Test,
5. James Ritchey,
E. M. Chamberlain.
6. \ George W. Carr,
7. f . M. Hanna,
8. Daniel Mace,
9. G. N. Fitch,
10. A. J. Harlan.
I. Manning,
1. M. Sweney,
2. C. Lansing,
3. William Martin,
ILLINOIS.
Ferris Foreman.
4. H. W. Vandervier,
5. S. S. Hayes,
6. M. E. Hollister,
7. W. L. Furgerson.
ALABAMA.
John A. Winston, Columbus W. Lee.
1. J. E. Saunders, 4. James Armstrong,
2. Lewis M. Stone, 5. J. J. Seibels,
3. Francis S. Lyon, 6. C. C. Clay, Jr.,
7. James F. Dowdell.
MISSOURI.
J. C. Welborn, G. D. Hall.
1. Abraham McKinney, 3. E. B. Ewing,
2. B. T. Massey, 4. James H. Rolfe,
5. Tristam Polk.
ARKANSAS.
John Martin, John S. Krane.
1. James Yell.
MICHIGAN.
John S. Barry, L. M. Mason.
1. Rix Robinson, 2. H. C. Thurber,
3. William T. Howell.
FLORIDA.
Jackson Morton, Samuel Spencer.
1. J. H. Mcintosh.
TEXAS.
James B. Miller, T. G. Brooks.
1. William C.Young, 2. M. A. Dooley
IOWA.
A. C. Dodge,
1. Joseph Williams,
J. S. Selman.
2. Lincoln Clark.
WISCONSIN.
F. Huebschmann, Samuel F. Nicholas.
1. William Dinwiddle, 2. D. P. Mapes.
SEVENTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION —
1853.
Franklin Pierce was elected President, receiv-
ing the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hamp
shire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida,
Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas,
Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa,
Wisconsin, and California,— 254. Winfield Scott re-
ceived the vote of Vermont, Massachusetts, Tennes-
see, and Kentucky, — 42. William R. King was
elected Vice-President, receiving 254 votes; while
William A. Graham had 42. The Electors were :
TABULAR RECORDS.
531
R. Mclntire,
1. G. F. Shepley,
2. R. Lowell,
3. J. H. Fuller,
MAINE.
J. C. Talbot.
4. O, Moses,
5. D. Richardson,
6. J. W. Tabor.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
H. Hubbard, L. Jones.
1. J. A. Douglass, 2. S. Webster,
♦ 3. N. B. Baker.
VERMONT.
Portus Baxter, A. P. Lyman*
1. E. P. Walton, 2. E. Kirklaud,
3. L, Adams.
MASSACHUSETTS.
R. C. Winthrop,
1. George Bliss,
2. J. Gardner,
3. R. G. Shaw,
4. George Coggswell,
5. E. Torrey,
11.
J. H. W. Page.
6. George A. Crocker,
7. Amos Lawrence,
8. Daniel C. Baker,
9. J. Coggin,
10. R. Bullock,
E. R. Colt.
George Turner,
A. Eddy,
RHODE ISLAND.
A. Ballon.
2. J. Spink.
CONNECTICUT.
Tlios. H. Seymour, N. Belcher.
1. A. P. Hyde, 3. S. Bingham,
2. Charles Parker, 4. William F. Taylor.
1.
2.
3.
4,
5.
6.
. 7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
NEW YORK.
Charles O'Conor.
17. W. C. Grain,
18. William Taylor,
19. C. S. Grinnell,
20. W. C. Beardsley,
21. L. J. Walworth,
23. D. A. Ogden,
23. T. H. Hubbard,
24. T. G. McDowell,
25. S. G. Hathaway,
Alexander Thompson, 26. F. C. Divinny,
Zadock Pratt, 27. D. De Wolf,
L. Van Buren, 28. D. Warners,
J. Pierson, ' 29. J. C. Collins,
J. W. Bishop, 30. T. B. Skinner,
C. Vosburgh, 31. William Vandervoort,
Thomas Crook, 32. W. L. G. Smith,
33. Benjamin Chamberlain.
S. B. Piper,
P. S. Crooke,
E. B. Litchfield.
R. T. Compton,
J. M. Marsh,
I. Murphy,
William H. Cornell,
G. F. Conover,
A. F. Vache,
E. Suffern,
NEW JERSEY.
Peter D. Vroom, William Wright.
1. William S. Bowen, 3. P. B. Kennedy,
2. G. Black, 4. J. N. Taylor,
5. E. A. Stevens.
PENNSYLVANIA.
H. McCandless,
1. N. B. Eldred, 13.
2. Peter Logan, 14.
3. George H. Martin, 15.
4. I. Miller, 16.
5. F. W. Bockius, 17.
6. R. McCoy, Jr., 18.
7. A. Apple, 19.
8. N. Strickland, 20.
9. A. Peters, 21.
10. D. Fister, 22.
11. R. E. James, 23.
12. J. McReynolds, 24.
25. George K.
Robert Patterson.
Pardon Damon,
H. C. Eyer,
J. Clayton,
Isaac Robinson,
H. Fetten,
J. Burnside,
M. McCaslin,
J. McDonald,
W. S. Callahan,
A. Burke,
William Dunn,
J. S. McCalmont,
Barrett.
DELAWARE.
J. Merritt, William T. Clark.
1. Henry Bacon.
MARYLAND.
R. M. McLane, C. Humphries.
1. J. Parren, 4. C. J. M. Gwinne,
2. R. H. Alvey, 5. J. A. Wickes, .
3. Carroll Spence, 6. E. K. Wilson.
M. Cooke,
1. T. Rives,
2. W. E. Flournoy,
3. J. Goode, Jr.,
4. R. G. Scott,
5. H. A. Wise,
6. R. L. Montague,
VIRGINIA.
13. Z. Kid well.
NORTH CAROLINA.
A. H. Dillard.
7. James Barbour,
8. R. Tucker,
9. George E. Deneale,
10. James McDowell,
11. J. B. Floyd,
12. M. H. Johnson,
James C. Dobbin,
1. Burton Craige,
2. W. F. Leak,
3. Robert P. Dick,
4. A. Rencher,
William H. Thomas.
5. L. 0. B. Branch,
6. Samuel J. Person,
7. D. G. W. Ward,
8. Thomas Bragg.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
G. Cannon,
1. J. H. Adams,
2. R. F. W. Allston,
3. I. F. Marshall,
Thomas P. Brockman.
4. M. E. Carn,
5. W. D. Porter,
6. C. G. Memminger.
GEORGIA.
Wilson Lumpkin,
1. T, M. Foreman,
2. R. H. Clarke,
3. H. G. Lamar,
4o H. A. Haralson,
H. V. Johnson.
5. L E. Brown,
6. William L. Mitchell,
7. R. W. Flournoy,
8. William Schley.
FLORIDA.
Jesse Coe, McQueen Mcintosh.
1. J. C. Smith.
ALABAMA.
J. A. Winston,
1. F. S. Lyon, 4.
2. J. S. Seibels, 5.
3. C. W. Lee, 6. C. C. Clay, Jr.,
J. S. Dowdell.
E. Saunders.
L. M. Stone,
James Armstrong,
MISSISSIPPI.
E, C. Wilkinson, A. M. Jackson.
1. W. H. Johnson, 3. J. H. R. Taylor,
2. O. R. Singleton, 4. W. S. Featherstoa,
5. Hiram Casseday.
LOUISIANA.
E. Warren Moise, T. G. Davidson.
1. J. B. Planche, 3. T. Landry.
2. Thomas 0. Moore, 4. R. W. Richardson.
TEXAS.
George "W. Smyth, R. S. Neighbors.
1. L. D. Evans.
ARKANSAS.
H. M. Rector, J, A. Carter.
1. T. B. Flournoy, ' 2. B. T. Duval.
TENNESSEE.
G. A. Henry,
1. N. G. Taylor,
2. H. Maynard,
3. George Brown,
4. S. M. Fite,
5. J. Stokes,
William T. Haskell.
6. J. M. Davidson,
7. E. R. Osborne,
8. J. A. McEwen,
9. A. G. Shrewsbury,
10. J. R. Moseby.
532
TABULAR RECORDS.
KENTUCKY.
J. F. Bell, Charles S. Moreliead.
1. L. Anderson, 6. C. F. Burnan,
2. J. S. McFarland, 7. Thomas F. Marshall,
3. J. Gt. Rogers, 8. J. Rodman,
4. Thomas E. Bramlette, 9. L. M. Cox,
5. J. L. Helm, 10. Thos. B. Stevenson.
OHIO.
W. McLean,
William Palmer.
1.
B. Burns,
11. L. H. Steedman,
2.
J. B. Damble,
12. C. H. Mitchener,
3.
Charles Rule,
13. C. J. Orton,
4.
William Golden,
14. E. T. McArtor,
5.
G. W. Stokes,
15. Joseph Kyle,
6.
0. Keyser,
16. J. Finley,
7.
R. C. Cunningha
m, 17. F. Cleveland,
8.
H. J. Jewett,
18. S. D. Harris,
9.
E. G. Dial,
19. E. T. Wilder,
10.
W. 0. Key,
20. E. H. Haines,
21.
B. T. Johnson.
MICHIGAN.
J. S. Barry,
D. J. Campau.
1.
A. Edwards,
3. Salmer Sharpe,
2.
William McCauley, 4. John Stockton.
INDIANA. N5 0
John Pettit,
Nathaniel Bolton
6. George %. Buell,
1.
J. H. Lane,
2.
A. F. Morrison,
7. James S. Hester,
3.
J. F. Read,
8. Samuel A. Hall,
4.
W. C, Larabee,
9. E. Dumont,
5.
James S. Athon,
10. A. H. Brown,
11.
J. M. Talbot.
ILLINOIS.
J. A. McClelland,
1. John Calhoun,
2. E. G. Sanger,
3. E. P. Ferry,
4. Vierby Benedict,
Richard J. Hamilton.
5. D. L. Gregg,
6. E. O'Melveny,
7. James Mahon,
8. Joseph Knox,
9. C. A. Warren.
MISSOURI.
E. D. Bevritt,
1. H. F. Gary, 4.
2. Wm. D. McCracken, 5
3. C. F. Jackson,
Alexander Kayser.
J. D. Stevenson,
C. F. Holly,
7. Robert E. Acock.
6. J. M. Gatewood,
J. E. Fletcher,
1. A. Hall,
IOWA,
. George H. Williams.
2. W. E. Leffingwell.
WISCONSIN.
M. M. Cothren, Chas. Billinghurst.
1. B. Brown, 2. Philo White,
3. S. Clark.
CALIFORNIA.
W. S. Sherwood,
J. W. Gregory,
Thomas J. Henley.
Andrew Pico.
EIGHTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION—
1857.
James Buchanan was elected President, receiving
the entire electoral vote of New Jersey, Pennsylva-
nia, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro-
lina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mis-
sissippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkan-
sas, Florida, Texas, and California, — 173, John C.
Fremont received the entire vote of Maine, New
35
Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecti-
cut, Vermont, New York, Ohio, Michigan, Iowa, and
Wisconsin, — 114. Millard Fillmore received the vote
of Maryland, — 8. John C. Breckinridge was elect-
ed Vice-President, receiving 173 votes ; while W. L.
Dayton had 114, and A. J. Donelson 8. The Electors
were :
MAINE.
Noah Smith, Jr.,
1. James Morton,
2. Isaac Gross,
3. K. Crockett,
S, Perham.
4, E. Swan,
5, A, P. Emerson,
6, M, H, Pike.
NEW HAMPSHIRE,
W. H. H. Bailey, Thomas L. Whitton.
1. Daniel Clark, 2. Thomas M. Edwards,
3. J. H. White.
VERMONT.
W. C, Bradley, George W. Strong.
1. L. Brainard, 2. John Porter,
3. Portus Baxter.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Thomas Colt,
1. J. Vinson,
2. A. B. Wheeler,
3. G, R. Russell,
4. George Odiorne,
5. L. R. Marsh,
Julius Rockwell.
6. George H. Devereux,
7. James M. Usher,
8. J, Nesmith,
9. J, S, C, Knowlton,
10. Charles E. Forbes,
11. Franklin Ripley.
RHODE ISLAND.
E. W, Lawton, Isaac Saunders.
1. William P. Bullock, 2, William D, Brayton.
CONNECTICUT.
H. Dutton, J. Catlin.
1. Thomas Clark, 3, Wm. A. Buckingham,
2, E. Spencer, 4. S, W. Gold.
NEW YORK.
1.
2.
3,
4,
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
M, H, Grinnell,
J, S, Wadsworth, 17.
E. Field, 18.
M. Tompkins, "^ 19.
J. P. Jones, 20,
J, P, Stanton, 21,
E, Cooke, 22.
James Kennedy, 23.
R. A, Barnard, 24.
H. Raster, 25,
J. G. McMurray, 26.
J. Kelly, 27.
H, H. Van Dyck, 28,
J. S, Belcher, 29,
J, C, Hulbert, 30,
D. D, Conover, 31.
J. D. Kingsland, 32,
33. Delos E
Thomas Carnley.
S, Stilwell,
D, Cady,
R, S, Hughston,
W, S, Sayre,
J, S. Lynch,
D, H. Marsh,
A, Davenport,
Le Roy Morgan,
E, Burnham,
M, H, Lawrence,
J. B. Williams,
Isaac L, Endress,
F, Clarke,
W, S, Mallory,
W, Keep,
R, Wheeler,
. Sill.
NEW JERSEY.
E. A. Stevens, G, F, Fort.
Benjamin F, Lee, 3. D, Von Fleet,
H. L. Little, 4. H. A. Ford,
5. George W. Savage.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Chas. R, Buckalew, W. McCandlesa,
1,
G. W. Nebinger,
9,
James Patterson,
2.
P. Butler,
10,
Isaac Stenker,
3.
E. Wartman,
11.
F. W. Hughes,
4.
William H. Witte,
12.
T. Osterhout,
5.
J. McNair,
13.
A. Edinger,
6.
J. H, Brinton,
14.
R. Wilbur,
7.
D, Laury,
15.
George A. Crawford,
8.
Charles Kessler,
16.
James Black,
TABULAR RECORDS.
533
17. H. J. Stable, 21. William Wilkins,
18. J. D. Roddy, 22. J. C. Campbell,
19. J. Turney, 23. Tbomas Cunningbam,
20. Jas A. T. Bucbanan, 24. J. Keattey,
25. V. Pbelps.
DELAWARE.
George C. Gordon, H. Ridgeley.
1. Cbarles Wrigbt.
MARYLAND.
J. D. Roman. James Wallace.
1. R. Goldsborougb, 4. Tbomas Swann,
2. E. H. Webster, 5. F. A. Scbley,
3. C. L. L. Leary, 6. A. R. Sollers.
VIRGINIA.
E. W. Massenburg, A. H. Dillard.
1. T. H. Campbell, 7. James Barbour,
2. James Garland, 8. J. R. Tucker,
3. J. Goode, Jr., 9 J. J. Harris,
4. Alexander Jones, 10. A. G. Pendelton,
5. William B. Taliaferro, 11. J. B. Floyd,
6. R. L. Montague, 12. S. L. Hayes,
13. Sberrard Clemens.
NORTH CAROLINA.
H. M. Sbaw,
1. W. F. Martin,
2. William P. Blow,
3. M. B. Smitb,
4. G. H. Wilder,
S. P. Hill.
5. S. E. Williams,
6. Tbomas Settle, Jr.,
7. R. P. Waring,
8. W. W. Avery.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
J. A. Inglis, J. L. Noell.
1. W. A. Owens, 4. J. Cbestnut, Jr.,
2. B. T. Watts, 5. F. W. Pickens,
3. J. J. Pickens, 6. J. L. Manning.
W. H. Stiles,
1. J. L. Harris,
2. L. J. Gartrell,
3. Tbomas M. Fournan,
4. J. W. Lewis,
GEORGIA.
J. N. Ramsay.
5. S. Hall,
6. J. P. Simmons,
7. J. P. Saffold,
8. T. W. Tbomas.
FLORIDA.
M. A. Long, W. D. Barnes.
1. George W. Call.
ALABAMA.
W. L, Yancey,
1. L. P. Walker,
2. J. G. Barr,
3. A. B. Meek,
7. J.
J. W. A. Sandford.
4. J. D. Rathers,
5. J. K Puffb,
6. W. O. Winston,
L. M. Curry.
MISSISSIPPI.
C. S. Tarpley, J. W. Mattbews.
1. J. F. Cusbman, 3. B. Mattbews,
2. J. A. Orr, 4. William M. Estelle,
5. H. T. Ellett.
LOUISIANA.
C. J. Villerre, W. A. Elmore.
1. T. Landry, 3. T. O. Moore,
2. J. McVea, 4. H. Cray.
TEXAS.
William R. Scurry, M. D. Ector.
1. A. J. Hood, 2. A. J. Hamilton.
ARKANSAS.
L. H. Hempstead, N. B. Burrow.
1. J. J. Green, 2. J. McCoy.
TENNESSEE.
W. H. Polk,
1. J. G. Harris,
2. E. L. Gardenbire,
3. S. Pawel,
4. E. A. Keeble,
5. J. M. McKenry,
D. M. Key.
6. J. H. Tbomas,
7. J. J. Brown,
8. G. G. Poindexter,
9. J. D. C. Atkins,
10. D. M. Currin.
KENTUCKY.
E. Hise,
1. J. W. Stevenson,
2. S. Cravens,
3. I. T. Hawkins,
4. B. Magoffin,
J. A. Finn.
6. Benjamin F. Rice,
7. William D. Reed,
8. R. W. Wooley,
9. R. H. Stanton,
5. George W. Williams, 10 Hiram Kelsey.
OHIO.
C. B. Smitb,
1. J. Perkins,
2. R. M. Corwine,
3. P. Odlin,
4. J. S. Conklin,
5. William Taylor,
6. E. P. Evans,
7. W. H. P. Denny,
8. J. R. Hubbell,
9. R. G. Pennington,
10. F. Cleaveland,
21. A.
J. B. Stallo.
11. J. Welcb,
12. D, Humpiirey,
13. H. D. Cooke,
14. E. Pardee,
15. J. M. Hodge,
16. Davis Green,
17. M. Pennington,
18. J. S. Herriek,
19. A. Wilcox,
20. J. Dumas,
E. Burs.
MICHIGAN.
F. C. Beaman, 0. Jobnson.
1. H. Cbamberlain, 3. C. H. Miller,
2. W. H. Witbney,; 4. Tbomas J. Drake.
INDIANA.
G. N. Fitcb,
1. S. H. Buskirk,
2. J. M. Hanna,
3. W. T. Parrett,
4. I. S. McClelland,
5. S. K. Wolfe,
M. M. Ray.
6. O. Evarts,
7. S. W. Sbort,
8. F. P. Randall,
9. D. D. Jones,
10. S. Mickle,
/^,l:i.Xi\,i
11. E. Jobnson.
ILLINOIS.
A. M. Harrington,
1. M. L. Joslyn,
2. Hugb Mailer,
3. R. Holloway,
4. I. P. Ricbmond,
C. H. Constable.
5. S. W. Moulton,
6. O. B. Ficklin,
7. W. A. J. Sparks,
8. J. B. Logan.
IOWA.
D. F. Miller,
1. W. M. Stone,
H. T. Downey.
2. H. O. Connor.
CALIFORNIA.
A. Olvera, George Freaner.
1. P. Delia Torre, 2. A. C. Bradford.
MISSOURI.
J. B. Henderson, J. B. Benjamin.
1. W. Y. Slack, 4. J. T. Coffee,
2. J. N. Burns, 5. F. Kennetb,
3. J. W. Torbert, 6. W. D. McCracken,
7. B. Cooke.
WISCONSIN.
E. D. Holton, W. D. Mclndoe.
1. I. H. Knowlton, 2. Billie Williams,
3. G. Menzel.
NINETEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION—
1861.
Abraham Linloln was elected President, receiv-
ing tbe vote of California. Connecticut, Illinois, In-
diana, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Micbigan, Minne-
534
TABULAR RECORDS.
sota, New Hampshire, New Jersey (4), New York,
Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont,
and Wisconsin, — 180. John C. Breckinrido-e received
the vote of Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida,
Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North
Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas, — 72. John Bell
received the entire vote of Kentucky, Tennessee, and
Virginia, — 39. Stephen A. Douglas received the vote
of Missouri and New Jersey (8), — 12. Hannibal
Hamlin was elected Vice-President, receiving 180 ;
while Joseph Lane received 72 ; Edward Everett 39 ;
and Herschel V. Johnson 12. The electors were :
MAINE.
"William Willis, Abner Coburu
1. Louis 0. Cowan, 4. William McGilvery,
2. Daniel Howes, 5. Andrew Peters,
3. George W. Pickering, 6. William M. Reed.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
John Sullivan, Ebenezer Stevens.
1. David Gillis, 2. Nathaniel Tolles,
3. Daniel Blaisdell.
MASSACHUSETTS.
George Morey,
1. James H. Mitchell,
2. John M. Forbes,
3. Charles Mattoon,
4. John G. Whittier,
5. John Nesmith,
Alfred Macy.
6. Charles B. Hall,
7. Reuben A. Chapman,
8. Gerry W. Cochrane,
9. Amasa Walker,
10. Peleg W. Chandler,
11. Charles Field.
RHODE ISLAND,
Thomas G. Turner, Latimer W. Ballou,
1. Elisha Harris, 2. David Buffum.
VERMONT.
William Henry, Henry G. Root.
1. Joseph Warner, 2. Edward A. Cahoon,
3. D. W. C. Clarke.
CONNECTICUT.
C. F. Cleveland, Roger S. Baldwin.
1. Samuel Austin, 3. Benjamin Douglas,
2. Augustus Brandegee, 4. Frederick Wood.
NEW
William C. Bryant,
John A. King,
Andrew Carrigan,
Frederick Kapp,
William A. Darling,
Rufus H. King,
John F. Winslow,
N. Edson Sheldon,
8. Henry Churchill,
9. Benj. N. Huntington,
John J. Foote,
William Van Marter,
Frank L, Jones,
Ezra M. Parsons,
John Greiner, Jr.,
Edwards W. Fiske,
James Kelly,
33. Elisha
10
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
IG.
YORK,
James O. Putnam.
17. Washington Smith,
18. William H. Robertson,
19. Jacob B. Carpenter,
20. Jacob H. Ten Eyck,
21. Robert S. Hale,
22. James R. Allaben,
23. Sherman D. Phelps,
24. Hiram Dewey,
25. John E. Seeley,
26. James S. Wadsworth,
27. Charles C. Parker,
28. James Parker,
29. Sigismund Kaufmann,
30. George M. Grier,
31. Abijali Beck with,
32. James L. Voorhees,
S. Whalen.
NEW JERSEY.
W^illiam Cook, Joel Parker.
1. Theodore Runyon, 3. George H. Brown,
2. Joseph C. Hornblower, 4. Edward W. Ivins,
5. Charles E. Elmer.
PENNSYLVANIA.
James Pollock, Thomas M
1. Edward C. Knight, 4.
2. Robert P. King, 5.
3. Henry Bumm, 6.
Howe.
Robert M. Foust,
Nathan Hilles,
John M. Broomall,
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
James W. Fuller, 16.
David E. Stout, 17.
Francis W. Christ, 18.
David Mumma, Jr., 19.
David Taggart, 20.
Thomas R. Hull,
A. Brady Sliarpe,
Daniel O. Gehr,
Samuel Calvin,
Edgar Cowan,
William McKennan,
21. John M. Kirkpatrick,
Francis B. Penneman, 22. James Kerr,
Ulysses Mercur, 23. Richard P. Roberts,
George Bressler, 24. Henry Souther,
25. John Greer.
DELAWARE.
Samuel Jefferson, John Mustard.
1. Robert B. Houston.
MARYLAND.
E. Lewis Lowe, James L. Martin.
Elias Griswold, 4, T. Parkin Scott,
John Brooke Boyle, 5. John Ritchie,
Joshua Vausant, 6. James S. Franklin.
VIRGINIA.
Thomas Bruce,
1. Lemuel J. Bowden,
2. John J, Jackson,
3. F. T. Anderson,
4. B.. H. Shackelford,
5. A. B. Caldwell,
6. L. H. Chandler,
Marmaduke Johnson.
7. Joseph Christian,
8. William Lamb,
9. John R. Edmunds,
10. James Lyons,
11. Richard B. Clay brook,
12. William H. Anthony,
13. J. W. Massie.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Alfred M. Scales,
John W. Moore, 5.
William B. Rodman, 6.
William A. Allen, 7.
A. W. Venable, 8.
E. Graham Haywood.
J. R, McLean,
John M. Clement,
J. A. Fox,
John A. Dickson.
Andrew P. Calhoun,
1. Thomas Y. Simmes, 4.
2. John Williams, 5.
3. George P. Elliott, 6.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
William E. Martin.
Tilman Watson,
Joseph F. Gist,
Robert G. McCaw.
GEORGIA.
A. H. Colquitt, H. R. Jackson.
1. Peter Cone, 5. Lewis Tumlin,
2. William M. Slaughter, 6. Hardy Strickland,
3. O. C. Gibson, 7. W. A. Lofton,
4. Hugh Buchanan, 8. William M. 'Mcintosh.
KENTUCKY.
W. H. Wadsworth,
1. Q. Q. Quigley,
2. S. A. Seavell,
3. William Sampson,
4. W. A. Hoskins,
5. Phil Lee,
E. L. Van Winkle.
6. William M. Fulkerson,
7. William C. Bullock,
8. John M. Harlan,
9. John B. Huston,
10. W. S. Rankin.
TENNESSEE.
Bailie Peyton,
1. J. W. Deaderich,
2. O. P. Temple,
3. Alfred Caldwell,
4. S. S. Stanton,
5. Ed. J. GoUoday,
N. G. Taylor.
6. William F. Kercheval,
7. John C. Brown,
8. John F. House,
9. Alvin Hawkins,
10. Benjamin D. Nabers.
OHIO.
Fred'k Hassaurek,
1. Benjamin Eggleston, 11.
2. William M. Dickson, 12.
3. Frank McWhiney, 13.
4. John Riley Knox, 14.
5. Dresden W. H. Howard,15.
6. John M. Kellum, 16.
7. Nelson Rush, 17.
8. Abraham Thomson, 18.
9. John F. Henkle, 19.
10. Hezekiah S. Bundy, 20
21. Norman K.
Joseph M. Root.
Daniel B. Stewart,
Richard P. L. Baber,
John Beatty,
Willard Slocum,
Joseph Ankeny,
Edward Ball, *
John A. Davenport,
William K. Upham,
Samuel B. Philbrick,
. George W. Brooke,
Mackenzie.
TABULAR RECORDS
535
LOUISIANA,
O. Rousseau, B. Avegno.
1. Trasimond Landry, 3. J. G. Olivier,
2. B. B. Simmes, 4. W. M. Levy.
MISSISSIPPI.
A. K. Blythe, J. A. Green.
1. Thomas W. Harris, 3. P. F. Liddell,
2. Richard Harrison, 4. J. B. Chrisman,
5. Livingston Mims.
INDIANA.
John L. Mansfield,
M. C. Hunter, 6.
Nelson Trusler, 7.
John Hanna, 8.
James N. Tyner, 9.
David 0. Dailey, 10.
Cyrus M. Allen.
Will Cumback,
John W. Ray.
John H. Farquhar,
Reuben H. Riley,
Samuel A. HufE,
11. Isaac Jenkinson.
ILLINOIS.
Leonard Sweet,
Lawrence Weldon, 5.
James Stark, 6.
H. P. H. Bromwell, 7.
John M. Palmer, 8.
9. John Olney.
Allen C. Fuller.
William B. Plato,
William P. Kellogg,
James C, Conkling,
Thomas G. Allen,
ALABAMA.
David Hubbard, John T. Morgan.
1. J, S. Dickinson, 4.
2. Ely S. Shorter, 5.
3. C. A. Battle. 6.
J. W. Garrott,
John S. Kennedy,
R. C. Brickell,
7. R. W. Cobb.
MISSOUBI.
John B. Henderson, Robert S. Bevier.
1. John B. Hale, 4. Mordecai Oliver,
2. Jas. F. V. Thomson, 5. E. T. Wingo,
3. George G. Vest, 6. Francis Hagan,
7. Richard H. Stevens.
ARKANSAS.
William W. Floyd, Theodric F. Sorrels.
1. William W. Leake, 2. George W. Taylor.
MICHIGAN.
Hezekial| G. Wells, Rufus Hosmer.
1. George W. Lee, 3. Philotas Hayden,
2. Edward Dorsch, 4. Augustus Coburn.
FLORIDA.
George W. Call, J. Patton Anderson.
1. J. Myrick Gorrie.
TEXAS.
M. D. Graham, Thomas M. Waul.
1. A. T. Rainey, 2. John A. Wharton.
IOWA.
Fitz Henry Warren, Joseph A. Chapline.
1. M. L. McPherson, 2. Charles Pomeroy.
WISCONSIN.
Walter D. Mclndoe, Bradford Rixford.
1. J. Allen Barber, 2. William W. Vaughan,
3. Herman Linderman.
CALIFORNIA.
Chas. A. Washburn, W. H. Weeks.
1. Charles A. Tuttle, 2. Antonio M. Pico.
MINNESOTA.
Stephen Miller, William Pfaender.
1. Clark W. Thompson, 2. Charles McClure.
OREGON.
T. J. Dryer, B. J. Pengra.
1. William H. Watkins.
TWENTIETH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION—
1865.
Abraham Lincoln was elected President for a
second term, receiving the votes of Maine, Massa-
cliusetts. New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut,
Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland,
Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota,
Wisconsin, Missouri, Kansas, West Virginia, Oregon,
California, and Nevada,— 212. George B. McClellan
received the vote of New Jersey, Delaware, and Ken-
tucky,—21. Andrew Johnson was elected Vice-
President, receiving 212 ; while George H. Pendleton
received 21. The Electors were :
MAINE.
John B. Brown, Abner Stetson.
1. R. M. Chapman, 3. Going Hathem,
2. John N. Swasey, 4. William P. Frye,
5. B. P. Gilman.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Daniel M. Christie, Wm. H. Y. Haskett.
1. A. H. Dunlap, 2. Allen Giffin,
3. Henry O. Kent.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Edward Everett,
Richard Borden, 6.
John M. S. Williams, 7.
Stephen M. Weld, 8.
John Wells, 9.
Artemas Hale, 10.
Whiting Griswold.
John G. Whittier,
Levi Lincoln,
George Putnam,
George L. Davis,
William S. Clarke.
RHODE ISLAND.
R. B. Cranston, William L. Slater.
1. Rouse Babcock, 2. Simeon Henry Greene.
VERMONT.
Daniel Kellogg, A. L. Catlin.
1. S. M. Dorr, 2. R. Fletcher,
3. James W. Simpson.
CONNECTICUT.
John T. Wait, 0. F. Winchester.
1. James G. Batterson, 3. Samuel C. Hubbard,
2. Frederick A. Benjamin, 4. Sabin L. Sayers.
NEW YORK.
Horace Greeley,
Obadiah Browne, 16.
George Ricard, 17.
Thomas B. Asten, 18,
Guy R. Pelton, 19
Charles L. Beale, 20
Cornelius L. Allen, 21,
Allen C. Churchill, 22
John R. Knox, 23
John E. Seeley. 24
William Bristol, 25
James S. T. Stranahan,26,
Abram J. Dittenhoefer,27.
Isaac T. Smith. 28,
Alexander Davidson, 29,
Thaddeus Halt, 80,
31. John W.
Preston King.
, Alonzo W. Morgan,
. Ebenezer Blakeley,
, Thomas Kingsford,
, Jedediah Dewey,
. Joseph Candee,
. William H. McKinney,
. George Opdyke,
. James W. Taylor,
. John Tweddle,
. Hiram Horton,
. John Clarke,
, George W. Bradford,
, Myron H. Weaver,
, John P. Darling,
. James Alley,
Stebbins.
NEW JERSEY.
William Paterson, Furman L, Mulford.
Thomas McKeen, 3. Wm. P. McMichael.
F. S. Lathrop, 4. John McGregor,
5. Charles R. Cornwall.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Morton McMichael, Thomas Cunningham.
1. R. P. King, 3. Robert Parke.
2. William H. Kern, 4. Edward Halliday,
536
TABULAR RECORDS
5. Charles H. Shriner, 15.
6. D. W. Woods, 16.
7. Samuel B. Dick, 17.
8. Everard Bierer, 18.
9. Morrison Coates, 19.
10. Barton H. Jenks, 20.
11. William Taylor, 21.
12. Charles F. Read, 23.
13. John P. Clark, 23.
14. Isaac Benson, 24.
John P. Penney,
Richard H. Coryell,
Henrv Humni,
C. M.'Runk,
John A. Hiestand,
Elias W. Hale,
D. McConaughy,
John Patron,
C. McJunkin,
J. W. Blanchard.
DELAWARE.
Victor DuPont, Ayers Stockley.
1. Harberson Hickman.
MARYLAND.
W. J. Albert, H. H. Goldsborougb.
1. W. H. W. Farrow, 3. William Smith Reese,
2. Isaac Nesbit, 4. George W. Sands,
5. R. Stockett Matthews.
KENTUCKY.
Thornton F. Marshall, John B. Huston.
1. T. A. Duke, 5. B. F. Bullode,
2. William Barbour, 6. H. Taylor,
3. G. S. Shanklin, 7. F. L. Cleyeland,
4. B. C. Ritter, 8. A. H. Ward,
9. G. W. Dunlap.
OHIO.
John M. Connell,
1. John K. Green, 10.
2. Stephen Johnston, 11.
3. Henry W. Smith, 12.
4. William Sheffield. 13.
5. James R. Stanberg, 14.
6. Lorenzo Danford, 15.
7. Abner Kellogg, 16.
8. Stanley Matthews, 17.
9. William L. Walker, 18.
19. Seth Marshall.
John P. Buhn.
Ozias Bo wen,
George A. Walker,
John H. McCombs,
John McCook,
Lewis B Yunckel,
Mills Gardner,
Jacob Scraggs,
Henry F. Page,
Frederick W. Wood,
INDIANA.
Dayid S. Gooding,
1. James C. Dennis,
2. Leonidas Sexton,
3. Jonathan J. Wright,
4. James B. Belford,
5. John M. Wallace,
R. W. Thompson.
6. Cyrus T. Nixon,
7. Benjamin F. Claypool,
8. John Osboru,
9. Timothy R. Dickinson,
10. H. R. Pritchard,
11. Robert P. Dayidson,
ILLINOIS.
John Dougherty,
Benjamin F. Prentiss, 8.
M. T. Hopkins, 9.
William ^S^alker, 10.
James C. Conkling, 11.
N. M. McCurdy, 12.
James S. Poage, 13.
Thomas W. Harris, 14.
Francis A. Hoffman.
Zeolotes S. Clifford,
John V. Farwell,
Henry S. Baker,
Austin S. Miller,
John J. Bennett,
Franklin Blades,
John V. Eustace.
MISSOURL
C. D. Drake, S. O. Scofield.
Lucien Eaton, [er, 5. W. Smith Ingham,
Harrison J. Lindenbow- 6. Joseph C. Killian,
J. C. Parker, 7. G. R. Smith,
Barnabas Smith. 8. C. Carpenter,
9. Thomas G. C. Fagg.
MICHIGAN.
Robert R. Beecher, Marsh Giddings.
1. Thomas D. Gilbert,
2. O. D. Conger,
3. F. Walldorf,
4. George W. Back,
5. Christian Eberbach,
6. J. Eugene Tenney.
1.
WISCONSIN.
William W. Field, Henry L. Blood.
George C. Xorthrop, 4. Henry F, Belitz,
Henry J. Turner, 5. Allen Warden,
Jonathan Bowman, 6. Alexander S. McDill.
IOWA.
Charles B. Darwin,
John Van Volkenburg, 4.
G. C. Mudgett, 5.
Samuel S. Burdett, 6.
William Thompson.
B. T. Hunt,
Frank W, Palmer,
Henry C. Henderson.
Warner Oliver,
C. Maclay,
3. J
CALIFORNIA.
William W. Crane.
2. Samuel Brannan,
McCallum.
G.
MINNESOTA.
Charles H. Lindsley,
1. J. G. Betze, * 2.
J. N. Murdoch.
W. Morford,
KANSAS.
R. McBratney, W. F. Cloud.
1. Chester Thomas.
OREGON.
James F. Gazley, H. N. George.
1. George L. Wood.
WEST VIRGINIA.
Ellery R. Hall, Wm. E. Stevenson.
1. J. H. Atkinson, 2. Edward C. Bunker,
3. Robert S. Brown.
NEVADA.
Alex. W. Baldwin, Stephen T. Gage.
[This State was entitled to a third Elector ; but the
person chosen died before attending the College of
Electors.]
TWENTY-FIRST PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION—
1869.
Ulysses S. Grant was elected President, re-
ceiving the votes of Maine, New Hampshire, Ver-
mont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut,
Pennsylvania, West Virginia. North Carolina, South
Carolina, Alabama, Arkansas, Tennessee, Ohio, Indi-
ana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa,
Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, California, Nevada, and
Florida, — 214. Horatio Seymour received the yote of
New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Georgia,
Louisiana, Kentucky, and Oregon, — 80. Schuyler
Colfax was elected Vice-President, receiving 214
votes, while Francis P. Blair, Jr., received 80. Vir-
ginia, Mississippi, and Texas, not having accepted the
terms of reconstruction prescribed by Congress, were
not allowed to vote. The Electors were :
MAINE.
George L. Beal, Saml. P. Strickland.
1. William Hobson, 3. Dennis L. Milliken,
2. Amos Nourse, 4. Henry O. Perry,
5. Ebenezer Knowlton.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Amos Paul, Joel Eastman.
1. Mason W. Tappan, 2. Edward L. Goddard,
3. Albert M. Shaw.
VERMONT.
George W. Grandey, Horace Fairbanks.
1. George A. Merrill, 2. R. W. Clarke,
3. George Wilkins.
TABULAR RECORDS
537
MASSACHUSETTS.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
David Sears,
Richard L. Pease,
William Mason,
William Whiting,
Frank B. Fay,
James N. Buffam,
John H. Clifford.
6. George Coggswell,
7. J. Wiley Edmunds,
8. Paul Whitin,
9. Charles A. Stevens,
10. Milton B. Whitney.
RHODE
ISLAND.
1.
George H, Norman,
James M. Pendleton,
James T. Edwards.
2. Seth Paddleford.
CONNECTICUT.
Joseph R. Haw^ley, William Fitch.
1. Clark Holt, 3. Henry Bill,
2. Luther Boardman, 4. George Dudley.
NEW YORK.
Henry W. Slocum,
1. Lewis A. Edwards,
2. Isaac Van Anden,
3. George L. Fox,
4. Joseph Dowling,
5. Oswald Ottendorfer,
6. Emanuel B. Hart,
7. Charles E. Loew,
8. J. M. Sweeney,
9. Edward Jones,
10. George B. Pentz,
11. E. A. Clark,
12. D. Van Schaick,
13. M. B. Mattice,
14. James Roy,
15. J. H. Colby,
31. T.
Delos De Wolf.
16. R. G. Stone,
17. F. D. Flanders,
18. D. D. Campbell,
19. S. B. Champion,
20. DeWitt C. West,
21. James McQuade,
22. M. J. Schoolcraft,
23. Oliver Porter,
24. James McLean,
25. William C. Dryer,
26. Benjamin N. Loomis,
27. William R. Judson,
28. William C. Rowley,
29. J. G. Shephard,
30. William G. Fargo,
D. Copp.
NEW JERSEY.
Peter D. Vroom, Adolph Schalk.
1. Albert H. Slape, 3. James K. Swayze,
2. William A. Lowe, 4. Ralph S. Demarest,
5. Joseph F. Randolph.
PENNSYLVANIA.
G. Morrison Coates,
1. William H. Barnes, 13.
2. William J. Pollock, 14.
3. Richard Wildey, 15.
4. George W. Hill, 16.
5. Watson P. McGill, 17.
6. John H. Biinghurst, 18.
7. Frank C. Heaton, 19.
8. Isaac Eckert, 20.
9. Maris Hoopes, 21.
10. David M. Rank, 22.
11. William Davis, 23.
12. Winth'p W. Ketcham, 24.
Thos. M. Marshall.
Samuel Knorr,
Benj. F. Wagonseller,
Charles H. Mullen,
John Stewart,
George W. Elder,
Jacob Grafius,
James Sill,
Henry C. Johnson,
John K. Ewing,
William Frew,
Alex. W. Crawford,
James S. Rutan.
DELAWARE.
Andrew C. Gray, James P. Wild.
1. William A. Scribner.
MARYLAND.
George M. Gill, J. Thomson Mason.
1. A. Constable, 3. H. Clay Dallam,
2. W. T. Allender, 4. Charles B. Roberts,
5. George Peter.
WEST VIRGINIA.
A. W. Campbell, Robert S. Brown.
1. Nathan Goff, 2. J. Marshall Hagans,
3. William H. Powell.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Byron Laflin, Joseph W. Holden.
1. Hiram E. Stilley, 4. John A. McDonald,
2. Curtis H. Brogden, 5. H. A. Badham,
3. A. H. Golloway, 6. Rufus Barringer,
7. W. S. Pearson.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
D. H. Chamberlain, Chas. J. Stolbrand.
J. S. A. Swails, 3. A. J. Ransier,
2. B. F. Randolph,* 4. J. M. Allen.
GEORGIA.
John B. Gordon, John T. Clark.
1. John C. Nichols, 4. Augustus 0. Bacon,
2. Charles T. Goode, 5. J. B. Gumming,
3. Raphael Moses, 6. H. P. Bell,
7. James D. Waddell.
ALABAMA.
Charles C. Crowe, Joshua Morse.
1. A. E. Buck, 4. William J. Gilmore,
2. Thomas 0. Glascock, 5. D. L. Nicholson,
3. R. S. Heflin, 6. Charles C. Sheets.
LOUISIANA.
George W. Race, W. F. Blackmann.
1. A. Sambola, 3. Charles Ward,
2. M. B. Brady, 4. S. J. Powell,
5. F. M. Goodrich.
ARKANSAS.
William H. Gray, Oliver A. Hadley.
1. J. Pat. Farrelly, 2. Oliver P. Snyder,
3. M. L. Stevenson.
TENNESSEE.
DeWitt C. Senter, H. H. Harrison.
1. A. H. Pettibone, 5. D. W. Peabody,
2. D. M. Nelson, 6. 0. F. Brown,
3. William W. Woodcock, 7. W. M. Hall,
4. Thomas H. Coldwell, 8. T. C. Muse.
KENTUCKY.
Frank Wolford,
1. J. M. Bigger,
2. A. K. Bradley,
3. William W. Bush,
4. A. H. Field, 6
9. John M
Jesse D, Bright.
5. Boyd Winchester,
6. A. B. Cliambers,
7. George W. Craddock,
8. Harris Cockerill,
Rice.
OHIO.
David Todd,
1. John G. Olden, 10
2. Stanley Matthews, 11
3. Andrew G. McBurney, 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
4. Jonathan Cranor,
5. David Thompson,
6. David H. Bailey.
7. Charles C. Walcutt,
8. L. B. Matson,
9. Luther A. Hall,
19. Frederick
Samuel Galloway.
, Hiram Freaz,
. John J, Harper,
. P. M. Wagenhals,
. W. D. Hamilton,
. S. M. Barber,
. Levi Barber,
. Isaac Welch,
. Ed. F. Schneider,
. Stephen H. Pitkin^
Kinsman.
INDIANA.
Thomas H. Nelson, Benj. F. Clay pool.
6. E. E. Rose,
7. R. W. Harrison,
8. J. M. Justice,
9. J. H. Mellett,
10 Milo S. Hascall,
A. L. Robinson,
William P. Jones,
John Schwartz,
John H. Farquhar,
5. Samuel P. Oyler,
11. Jasper Packard.
MICHIGAN.
Chas. M. Crosswell, John Burt.
1. William Daeltz, 4. Byron M. Cutcheon,
2. Charles W. Chisbee, 5. Giles Hubbard,
3. Charles T. Gorham, 6. Michael T. C. Pleasner.
* Assassinated.
538
TABULAR RECORDS.
ILLINOIS.
Gustavus Koerner,
1. Lorenz Brentano,
2. Jesse S. Hildrup,
3. James McCoy,
4. Henry W. Draper,
5. Thomas Gr. Frost,
6. Joseph Grlover,
7. John W. Blackburn,
Step'n A. Hurlburt.
8. Samuel C. Parks,
9. James C. Irwin,
10. John D. Strong,
11. Edward Kitchell,
12. Charles F. Springer,
13. Daniel W. Munn,
14. Thos. J. Henderson.
WISCONSIN.
S. S. Barlow,
1. Eliliu Enos,
2. Charles G. Williams,
3. Allen Warden,
Henrv D. Barron.
4. L. F. Frisby,
5. William G. Ritch,
6. J. M. Rusk.
MINNESOTA.
Thomas G. Jones, W. G. Rambusch.
1. Charles T. Brown, 2. Oscar Malmros.
IOWA.
Samuel L. Glasgow, J. B. Young.
1. Hiram Schofield, 4. John Meyer,
2. James T. Lane, 5. Wm. Hale,
3. J. W. Rogers, 6. S. H. Tafft.
MISSOURI.
Carl Scliurz,
1. Chauncey I. Filley,
2. George Husmanu,
8. E. S. Waterburj,
4. J. P. Tracy,
J. D. Hines.
5. Thos. E. Bassett,
6. Louis Georgens,
7. Lewis H. Wetherby,
8. William S. Wenz,
9. Theodore Bruere.
KANSAS.
Isaac S. Kalloch, D. R. Anthony.
1. A. H. Horton.
NEBRASKA.
T. M. Marquett, Louis Allgewahr.
1. J. F. Warner.
CALIFORNIA.
O. H. LaGrange, John B. Felton.
1. James G. Hoffman, 2. Alfred Reddington,
3. Charles Westmoreland.
NEVADA.
Charles E. DeLong, A. L. Page.
1. J. W. Haines.
OREGON.
S. F. Chad wick, John Burnett.
1. James H. Slater.
FLORIDA.
James D. Green, Robert Meacham.
1. John W. Butler.
TWENTY-SECOND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
—1873.
Ulysses S. Grant was elected President, receiv-
ing tlie votes of Alabama, California, Connecticut,
Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,
Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mis-
sissippi, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont,
Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, — 286.
Horace Greeley was the opposing candidate when the
Electors were chosen, but having died before the
meeting of the College, the votes were cast for
Thomas A. Hendricks 42, B. Gratz Brown 18, Charles
J. Jenkins 2, and David Davis 1, — by the States of
Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Arkansas,
Tennessee, and Texas, — 63, Henry Wilson was
elected Vice-President, receiving 286 votes, while
the balance of 63 were cast for various candidates.
The Electors were :
MAINE.
Samuel E. Spring, Alexander Campbell.
1. James H. McMullen, 3. James Erskine,
2. John H. Kimball, 4. Mordecai Mitchell,
5. Wm. McGilvery.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Lyman D. Stevens, Benjamin J. Cole.
1. Phineas Adams, 2. William Haile,
3. Benjamin F. Whidden.
VERMONT.
Harmon Canfield, Elisha P. Jewett.
1. Alanson Allen, 2. Abishai Stoddard,
3. Romeo H. Start.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Ebenezer R. Hoar,
William Davis, 6.
Harrison Tweed, 7.
Alvan Simonds, 8.
Edward H. Dunn, 9.
Amos F. Breed, 10.
11. Henry Alexander, Jr.
JohnM. Forbes.
Luther Day,
John C. Hoadley,
Aaron C. Mayhew,
Stephen Salisbury,
Levi Stockbridge,
RHODE ISLAND.
Benjamin Finch, John H. Borden.
1. Henry Lippitt, 2. Henry Howard.
CONNECTICUT.
Henry P. Haven, Henry Farnam.
1. Julius Converse, 3. Lucius Briggs,
2. Charles Benedict, 4. Oliver Hoyt.
NEW YORK.
Frederick Douglass,
Stewart L. Woodford,17
John A. King, 18
Simeon B. Chittenden, 19
Horace B. Claflin, 20
Matthias J. Retry, 21
6. William E. Dodge, 22
7. William Laimbeer, 23
8. Frederick Kuhne, 24
9. James W. Farr, 25
10. Joel W. Mason, 26.
11. Salem H. Wales, 27,
12. David D. Smith, 28,
13. Stoddard Hammond, 29
14. John C. Newkirk, 30
15. Elisha M. Brigham, 31,
16. Minard Harder, 32
33. Nelson I.
Emil Sauer.
Thomas Coleman,
. Isaac Mott,
, Henry R, James,
. Stephen San ford,
. Bolivar Radeker,
. Henry Spicer,
, Samuel Campbell,
. John E. Lyon,
. Andrew D. White,
John H. Camp,
, Kidder M. Scott,
Barna R. Johnson,
, Martin Butts,
, George H. Sickels,
Moses C. Richardson,
. Pascal P. Pratt,
Norton.
NEW JERSEY.
Charles S. Olden, Selden T. Scranton.
1. Samuel H. Grey, 4. Hugh M. Gaston,
2. Alfred S. Livingston, 5. Edward A. Walton,
3. Amos Clark, Jr., 6. Fridolin 111,
7. Amadee Spadone.
PENNSYLVANIA.
9.
10.
Adolph E. Borie,
William D. Forten, 11.
Joseph A. Bonliam, 12.
Marcus A. Davis, 13.
Geo. Morrison Coates, 14.
Henry Bumm, 15.
Theodore M. Wilson, 16.
John M. Broomall, 17.
Francis Shroder, 18.
Mark H. Richards, 19.
Edward H. Green, 20.
John M. Thompson,
David K. Shoemaker,
David R. Miller,
Leander M. Morton,
Theodore Strong,
John Passmore,
William J. Colegrove,
Jesse Merrill,
Henry Orlady,
Robert Bell,
Jasper M. Thompson,
._L
TABULAR RECORDS.
539
21. Isaac Frazer, 24. Jolin J, Gillespie,
22. George W. Andrews, 25. James Patterson,
23. Henry Lloyd, 26. John W. Wallace,
27. Charles C. Boyd.
DELAWARE.
Benjamin S. Booth, William T. Collins.
1. David W. Moore.
MARYLAND.
Aug. W. Bradford, Frederick Raine.
1. Philip D. Laird, 3. John M. Carter,
2. James B. Groome, 4. James A. Buchanan,
5. William Walsh.
WEST VIRGINIA.
W. E. Stevenson, Thomas B. Swann.
1. Charles F. Scott, 2. Thomas R. Carskaden,
3. Romeo H. Freer.
NORTH CAROLINA.
S. F. Phillips, Marcus Erwin.
1. Dr. E. Ransom. 4. J. H. Headen,
2. W. F. Loftin, 5. H. C. Walser,
3. J. C. Abbott, 6. Dr. J. G. Ramsey,
7. J. M. Justice.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
D. H. Chamberlain, W. B. Nash,
Wm. Gurney.
1. S. A. S wails, 3. Henry Sparwick,
2. W. N. Taft, 4. T. J. Mackey.
GEORGIA.
Wm. T. Wofford,
1. Julian Hartridge,
2. Washington Poe,
3. H. G. Turner,
4. R. N. Ely,
9. E. D. Graham.
ALABAMA.
Henry L. Benning.
5. Wm. J. Hudson,
6. James M. Pace,
7. Henry R. Casey,
J. N. Dorsey,
Lewis E. Parsons,
1. L. C. Cojilson,
2. Wm. J. Gilmore.
3. Charles E. Mayer,
4. Wm. H. Black,
J. L. Pennington.
5. J. J. McLemore,
6. Wm. B. Jones,
7. Geo. W. Malone,
8. Eli F. Jennings.
LOUISIANA.
M. F. Bonzano, Jules Lanabere,
Charles E. Hal stead.
1. L. C. Rondanez, 3. Milton Morris,
2. A. K. Johnson, 4. J. Taylor,
5. John Ray.
ARKANSAS.
R. C. Newton, J. E. Cravens, I. H. Fleming.*
1. Poindexter Dunn, 2. G. P. Smoote,
3. W. O. Lattimore.
TENNESSEE.
Wm. A. Quarles,
1. J. S. Fowler,
2. L. M. Jarvis,
3. J. D. Goodpasture,
4. A. L. Spears,
5. J. H. Lewis,
Jno. M. Fleming,
6. Joseph Motley,
7. N. N. Cox,
8. A. R. Langford,
9. S. W. Sharpe,
10. W. W. McDowell.
KENTUCKY.
Jas. A. McKenzie,
1. Jas. M. Bigger,
2. Eli H. Brown,
3. R. S. Berier,
4. J. M. Atherton,
5. Richard A. Jones,
Geo. B. Hodge.
6. W. C. P. Breckinridge,
7. R. E. Little,
8. A. L. Martin,
9. H. L. Stone,
10. H. Cox.
* This name was sent to the Compiler, but seems to be out of
place.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
OHIO.
John C. Lee,
Joshua H. Bates, 11.
William E. Davis, 12.
Thomas Moore, 13.
William Allen, 14.
Matthew C. Hale, 15.
George R. Haynes, 16.
Marcus Boggs, 17.
Charles Phellis, 18.
John S. Jones, 19.
Christopher C. Keech, 20.
Alphonso Hart.
Homer C. Jones,
Luther Donaldson,
Isaac Smucker,
Isaac M. Kirby,
Charles H. Grosvenor,
Jonathan T. Updegraff,
Joshua A. Riddle,
John R. Buchtel,
Aaron Wilcox,
John C. Grannis.
INDIANA.
Jonathan W. Gordon,
1. John Schwartz,
2. Isaac S. Moore,
3. Daniel B. Kumler,
4. Cyrus T- Nixon,
5. James Y. Allison,
6. John R. Goodwin,
Joseph S. Buckles.
■ 7. George W. Grubbs,
8. James P. Johnston,
9. Benjamin F. Gregory,
10. Calvin Cowgill,
11. Robert S. Taylor,
12. Erastus W. H. Ellis,
13. Sidney Keith.
MICHIGAN.
Eber B. Ward,
L Herman Kiefer, 5.
2. Frederick Waldorff, 6,
3. James O'Donnell, 7,
4. Lawson A. Duncan, 8.
9. John F. Brown.
William A, Howard.
Alonzo Sessions,
Samuel G. Ives,
John L. Woods,
Charles L. Ortmann,
ILLINOIS.
Henry Greenebaum,
Chauncey T. Bowen, 10.
11.
12.
1
2. Lester L. Bond,
3. Mahlon D. Ogden,
4. Richard L. Divine, 13.
5. James Shaw, 14.
Norman H. Ryan, 15.
Irus Coy, 16.
Joseph J. Cassell, 17.
William Selden Gale, 18.
19. William H.
David T. Linegar,
Wm. D. Henderson,
Moses M. Bane,
George A. Sanders,
Hugh Fullerton,
Martin B. Thompson,
Jacob W. Wilkin,
John P. Van Dorston,
John I. Rinaker,
John Dougherty,
Robinson.
WISCONSIN.
William E. Cramer,
1. Jerome S. Nickles,
2. George B. Swain,
3. Ormsby B. Thomas,
4. Frederick Hilgen,
F. Fleischer.
5. Edward C. McFetridge,
6. George E. Hoskinson,
7. Remanzo Bunn,
8. Henry D. Barron.
MINNESOTA.
William K. Marshall, Charles Kittleson,
1. Charles A. Coe, 2. M. S. Chandler,
3. Theodore Sander.
IOWA.
Samuel J. Kirkwood, Christian Wullweber.
1. Samuel A. Russell, 5. R. H. Gilmore,
2. James T. Lane, 6. James Coen,
3. Elijah Odell, 7. Warren S. Dungan,
4. Enoch W. Eastman, 8. T. V. Shoup.
MISSOURI.
William A. Hatch,
1. Henry C. Haastick,
2. Arthur B. Barrett,
3. Warren Chase,
4. lioundes H. Davis,
5. John H. Pugh,
6. William H. Phelps,
13. John A,
George W. Anderson.
7. F. M. Cockrell,
8. R. P. C. Wilson,
9. Adam N. Schuster,
10. Lewis C. Pace,
11. John B. Hale,
12. Felix T. Hughes,
Hockaday.
KANSAS.
Charles H, Langston, John Guthrie.
1. Louis Weil.
540
TABULAR RECORDS
NEBRASKA.
Otto Funke, Silas A. Strickland.
1. George W. Heisli.
CALIFORNIA.
T. H. Rose, I. E. Hale.
1. J. F. Miller, 3. C. Spractless,
2 J. O. Goodwin, 4. J. B. Felton.
TIRGINIA.
John W. Jenkins,
W. W. Douglas,
C. P. Ramsdell,
William C. Wickliam,
4. Ross Hamilton.
Jonathan B. Stovall.
0. L. A. Buckingham,
6. David J. Woodfin,
7. Hector Davis,
8. William Williams,
G. G. GoodeU.
NEVADA.
John H. Mills, William B. Taylor.
1. James W. Haines.
MISSISSIPPI.
E. Jeffords, T. J. Wharton.
1. Daniel B.Wright, 4. J. A. P. Campbell,
2. J. R. Chalmers, 5. William M. Hancock,
3. S. M. Meek, 6. T. R. Stockdale.
TEXAS.
R. B. Hubbard,
1. B. H. Epperson,
2. J. J. Good,
3. Thomas Harrison,
A. T. Rainey.
4. John Ireland,
5. S. H. Darden,
6. J. M. Maxej
OREGK)N.
A. B. Meacham.
W. D. Hare.
1. J. F. Gazlej.
FLORIDA.
Alva A. Knight. David Montgomery,
1. James D. Tanuehill, 2. W. G. Stewart.
ELECTORAL AND POPULAR VOTES FOR PRESIDENTS FROM 1789-1873.
Beginning
of Term.
1789
1793
1797
1801
1805
1809
1813
1817
1821
1825
1829
1833
1837
1841
1845
Candidates.
Popular Vote.
George Washington
John Adams
George Washington (Federal)
John Adams (Fed.)
John Adams (Fed.)
Thomas Jefferson (Republican)
Thomas Jefferson * (Rep.)
Aaron Burr (Fed. )
Thomas Jefferson (Rep.)
Charles C. Pinckney (Fed.)
James Madison (Rep.)
Charles C. Pinckney (Fed.)
George Clinton (Democrat)
James Madison (Dem.)
De Witt Clinton (Dem.)
James Monroe (Dem.)
Ruf as King (Fed.)
James Monroe (Dem.)
Johu Qiiincy Adams (Dem.)
John Quincy Adams* (Coalition). .
Andrew J ackson (Dem.)
William H. Crawford (Dem.)
Henry Clay (Dem.)
Andrew Jackson (Dem.)
John Quincy Adams (National Rep.)
Andrew Jackson (Dem.)
Henry Clay (National Rep.)
John Floyd
William Wirt (Anti-Masonic)
Martin Van Buren (Dem.)
William H. Harrison (Whig)
Hugh L. White
Daniel Webster (Whig)
W. P. Mangum (Whig)
William H. Harrison (Whig)
Martin Van Buren (Dem.). . . .
James G. Birney (Abolitionist)
James K. Polk (Dem.) ,
Henry Clay (Whig)
James G. Birney (Abolitionist)
105,321
152,899
47,265
47,087
650,028
512,158
687,502
550,189
- 762,149
736,736
1,274,783
1,128,702
17,609
1,335,834
1,297,053
62,270
Electoral
Vote.
Whole
No. of
Elecior?.
69
34
132
77
71
68
73
73
162
14
122
47
6
128
89
183
34
231
1
84
99
41
37
168
83
219
49
11
7
170
73
26
14
11
234
60
170
105
69
132
139
138
176
175
217
217
235
261
261
288
294
294
275
No. of
States
Voting.
10
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
24
24
24
24
26
26
26
* The President was elected by the House of Representatives.
TABULAR RECORDS.
541
ELECTORAL AND POPULAR VOTES FOR PRESIDENTS FROM 1789-1873.—
Continued.
Beginning
of Term.
Candidates.
Popular Vote.
Electoral
Vote.
Whole
No. of
Electors.
No. of
States
Voting.
1849
1853
1857
1861
1865
1869
1873
Zachakt Taylok (Whig)
Lewis Cass (Dem.)
Martin Van Buren (Free Soil)
Frankltn Pierce (Dem.)
V^infield Scott (Whig)
John C. Hale (Abolitionist)
James Buchanan (Dem.)
John C. Fremont (Free Soil)
Millard Fillmore (American)
Abraham Lincoln (Rep.)
John C. Breckenridge (Pern.)
Stephen A. Douglass (Tnd. Dem.)
John Bell (Constitutional Union)
Abraham Lincoln (Rep.)
George B, McClellan (Dem.)
Ulysses S. Grant (Rep.)
Horatio Seymour (Dem.)
Ulysses S. Grant (Rep.)
Horace Greeley (Dem. and Lib. Rep.).
Charles O'Conor (Straight Dem.). ...
James R. Black (Temperance)
Thomas A. Hendricks (Dem.)
B. Gratz Brown (Dem.)
Charles J. Jenkins (Dem.)
David Davis (Dem.)
1,363,031
1,222,455
291,455
1,590,490
1,378,589
157,296
1,832,232
1,315,514
874,707
1,857,610
874.953
1,365,976
590,631
2,203,131
1,797,019
3,012,833
2,703,249
3,597,070
2,834.079
163
127
254
42
174
109
8
180
72
12
39
212
21
214
80
286
42
18
2
1
290
296
291
303
233
294
30
31
349
33
26*
34t
35t
POLITICAL PARTIES.
Abolitionists. — Appeared as a distinctive political
party in the campaign of 1840. Their principles
were concentrated on the entire abolition of the insti-
tution of slavery.
Barn-Burners. — This was an organization con-
fined to the State of New York, in 1847, and was an
off-shoot from the Democratic party. So named in
allusion to the story of a Dutch farmer, who burned
his barn to clear it of rats and mice.
Democrats. — They adopted that distinctive name
in 1807, and their leading idea, at that time, was the
laying of an embargo on American commerce. Its
principles since then have undergone many modifica-
tions, but the organization has been regularly main-
tained down to the present time.
Federalists. — This party was organized imme-
diately after the adoption of the Federal Constitution
in 1789. They favored the Federal Alliance or Con-
federation, and claimed to be preservers of the
Union.
Free-Soil Party. — This party was organized in
1848, and its leading principles were freedom in the
Territories and denying that Congress had power to
make a slave ; that the nation should free itself from
Slavery ; and that no more Slave States should be
admitted into the Union.
Hunkers. — This was the name given to that part
of the Democratic party who could not agree with the
Barn-Burners in New York in 1847.
Know-Nothings. — This party was organized in
* Ten States did not vote. + Three States did not vote.
X The electoral votes of Louisiana, 7 ; of Arkansas, 5 ; and 3
1852, took the form of a secret society, and its leading
motto was, that American's must rule America.
LocOFOCOS.— This title was given to a branch of the
Democratic party, who battled for what they called
Equal Rights in New York City in 1835. So named
because at a noisy public meeting, after the lights
had been put out, they were at once re -lighted by
means of a locofoco match, by one of the members of
the dominant wing of the party, and it was, for some
years, merely another name for the Democratic party.
NuLLiFiERS. — This was a party which had its ori-
gin in South Carolina about the year 1830 ; and those
who supported it claimed that any State in the Union
had a right to absolve itself from obligation to the
Federal Government.
Republicans. — Those who opposed the Federal
party, in the time of Washington, were called Anti-
Federalists, but they soon took the distinctive name
of Republicans. The party which rose up to battle
with the Democrats in 1831 was called the National
Republican party, and it was re-organized in 1856,
making a decided issue with the Democratic party on
the subject of Slavery.
Whigs. — This party had its origin in New York
City in 1834, and was in reality a continuation of the
National Republican party of that period. It was
diametrically opposed to the Democrats, and it is a
little singular that their nickname of Locofocos and
the Whig party itself passed into comparative oblivion
about the same time.
of Georgia, cast for Horace Greeley, who was dead before the
meeting of the Electoral College, were rejected.
\
542
TABULAR RECORDS
THE SUPEEME COURT OE THE TJXITED STATES.
[officially prepaked foe, this work.]
{For further information in regard to these men see Biographical Annals)
CHIEF JUSTICES.
JOHIST Jay, of New York, appointed and confirmed
September 26, 1789. Resigned.
John Rutledge, of South Carolina, appointed
July 1, 1795, in recess of Senate, and presided on the
ench at August Term, 1795. Nominated December
10, and rejected bv the Senate December 15, 1795.
William Cushing, of Massachusetts. Nomination
confirmed and appointed January 27, 1796. Declined.
He was then an Associate Justice.
Oliver Ellsworth, of Connecticut. Nomination
confirmed and appointed March 4, 1796. He presided
on the bench at the August Term, 1799. Resigned.
John Jay, of New York. Nomination confirmed
and appointed, December 19, 1800. Declined.
John Marshall, Secretary of State.* Nomina-
tion confirmed January 31, 1801. Died.
Roger B. Taney, of Maryland. Nomination con-
firmed and appointed March 15, 1836. Died.
Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, appointed and con-
firmed December 6, 1864.
Morrison R. Waite, of Ohio, appointed in 1874.
ASSOCIATE JUSTICES.
John Rutledge, of South Carolina. Nomination
confirmed and appointed September 26, 1789. Re-
signed.
William CusHiNG, of Massachusetts. Nomination
confirmed September 26, and appointed Sej^tember
27, 1789. Died.
James Wilson, of Pennsylvania appointed in 1789.
Died.
John Blair, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed
September 26, and appointed September 30, 1789.
Resigned.
Robert H. Harrison, of Maryland. Nomination
confirmed September 26, 1789. Resigned.
James Iredell, of North Carolina. Appointed in
recess of Senate. Nomination confirmed and ap-
pointed February 10, 1790. Died.
Thomas Johnson, of Maryland. Appointed August
5, 1791, in recess of Senate. Nomination confirmed
and appointed November 7, 1791. Resigned.
William Paterson, Governor of New Jersey.
Nomination confirmed and appointed March 4, 1793.
Died.
Samuel Chase, of Maryland. Nomination con-
firmed and appointed January 27, 1796. Died.
BusHROD Washington, of Virginia. Appointed
September 29, 1798, in recess of Senate. Nomination
confirmed and appointed December 30, 1798. Died.
Alfred Moore, of North Carolina. Nomination
confirmed and appointed December 10, 1799. Re-
signed.
William Johnson, of South Carolina. Nomination
confirmed and appointed March 26, 1804. Died.
* John Marshall, Secretary of State, was nominated to the
Senati', as Chief Justice. January 20, 1801, was confirmed on the
2Tth, commissioned on the .Slst, and presided on the bench of
the Supreme Court from the 4th to the 9th of February, or dur-
ing February Term, 1801. From a message of the President to
Congress, accompained by a report from John -Marshall, Secre-
tary of State, dated February 27, 1801, it appears that he also
continued to act in the latter capacity until that day, and, from
other circumstances, that he continued to act as such until
March 3, 1801, on which day the then existing administration
terminated.
Brockholst Livingston, of Ne-w York. Ap-
pointed November 10, 1806, in recess of Senate.
Nomination confirmed and appointed December 17,
1806. Died.
Thomas Todd, of Kentucky. Nomination con-
firmed March 2, and appointed March 3, 1807.
Levi Lincoln, of Massachusetts. Nomination
confirmed and appointed January 3, 1811. Declined.
John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts. Nomina-
tion confirmed and appointed February 22, 181 L
Declined.
Joseph Story, of Massachusetts. Nomination
confirmed and appointed November 18, 1811. Died.
Gabriel Duval, of Maryland. Nomination con-
firmed and appointed November 18, 1811. Resigned.
Smith Thompson, of New York. Appointed Sep-
tember 1, 1823, in recess of the Senate. Nomination
confirmed and appointed December 9, 1823. Died.
Robert Trimble, of Kentucky. Nomination con-
firmed and appointed May 9, 1826. Died.
John McLean, of Ohio. Nomination confirmed
and appointed March 7, 1829. Died.
Henuy Baldwin, of Pennsylvania. Nomination
confirmed and appointed January 6, 1830. Died.
James M. Wayne, of Georgia. Nomination con-
firmed and appointed January 9, 1835.
Philip P. Barbour, of Virginia. Nomination
confirmed and appointed March 15, 1836. Died.
John Catron, of Tennessee. Nomination con-
firmed and appointed March 8, 1837. Died May 30,
1865.
William Smith, of Alabama,
firmed and appointed March 8, 1837.
John McKinley, of Alabama.
22, 1837, in recess of the Senate,
firmed and appointed September 25, 1837.
Peter V. Daniel, of Virginia. Nomination
firmed and appointed March 3, 1841. Died.
Samuel Nelson, of New York. Nomination con-
firmed and appointed February 14, 1845.
Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire. Appointed
September 20, 1845, in recess of the Senate. Nomina-
tion confirmed and appointed January 3, 1846. Died.
Robert C. Grier, of Pennsylvania. Nomination
confirmed and appointed August 4, 1846.
Benjamin Robbins Curtis, of Massachusetts.
Appointed during the recess of the Senate. Nomina-
tion confirmed and appointed December 20, 1851. Re-
signed.
James A. Campbell, of Alabama. Appointed
March 22, 1853. Resigned.
Nathan Clifford, of Maine. Appointed January
28, 1858.
Noah H. Swayne, of Ohio. Appointed January 4,
1862.
Samuel F. Miller, of Iowa. Appointed July 16,
1862.
David Davis, of Illinois.
1862.
Stephen J. Field, of
March 10, 1863.
Edwin M. Stanton, of
Died 1869.
William Strong, of Pennsylvania. Appointed in
1870.
Joseph Bradley of New Jersey. Appointed in
1870.
Ward Hunt, of New York. Appointed in 1873.
Nomination con-
Declined.
Appointed April
Nomination con-
con-
Appointed December 8,
Appointed
Appointed 1869.
California.
Ohio
TABULAR RECORDS.
543
CLERKS OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.
John Tucker, of Massachusetts, appointed Febru-
ary 3, 1790. Resigned, 1791.
Samuel Bayard, of Delaware, appointed August
1, 1791. Resigned, 1800.
Elias B. Caldwell, of New Jersey, appointed
August 15, 1800. Died, 1826.
William Griffith, of New Jersey, appointed
February 9, 1826. Died 1827.
William T. Carroll, District of Columbia, ap-
pointed January 20, 1827. Died 1863.
Daniel W. Middleton, District of Columbia, ap-
pointed in 1862. Present incumbent.
RERORTERS OF DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT.
Alexander J. Dallas, reported from 1789 to
1800, inclusive.
William Cranch, reported from 1801 to 1816, in-
clusive.
Henry Wheaton, reported from 1816 to 1823, in-
clusive.
Richard Peters, Jr., reported from 1828 to 1843,
inclusive.
Benjamin C. Howard, reported from 1843 to
1861, inclusive.
Jeremiah S. Black, reported from 1861 to 1863
inclusive.
John William Wallace, reported from 1863 to
1875, inclusive.
William T. Otto reported from 1875. Present
incumbent.
MARSHALS OF THE UNITED STATES ATTENDANT ON THE SUPREME
COURT.
Under the construction of the Judiciary Act of
1789, tlie Marsh&ls of all the Districts were required
to attend the sessions of the Supreme Court, until, by
the Act of June 9, 1794, the Marshal of the District
alone in which the Court shall sit was required to at-
tend its sessions.
David Lenox, Marshal of the District of Pennsyl
vania, attended from January 28, 1794, to February,
1801.
Daniel Carroll Brent, Marshal of the District
of Columbia, attended from August 3, 1801, to Au-
gust, 1808.
Washington Boyd, Marshal of the District of
Columbia, attended from February 1, 1808, to Au-
gust, 1818.
Tench Ringgold, Marshal of the District of Co-
lumbia, attended from November 30, 1818, to August,
1831.
Henry Ashton, Marshal of the District of Colum-
bia, attended from February 4, 1831, to February,
1834.
Alexander Hunter, Marshal of the District of
Columbia, attended from March 6, 1834, to Decem-
ber, 1848.
Robert Wallach, Marshal of the District of Co-
lumbia, attended from December 5, 1848, to Decern,
ber, 1849.
Richard Wallace, Marshal of the District of
Columbia, attended from December 4, 1849, to May-
1853.
Jonah D. Hoover, Marshal of the District of Co-
lumbia, attended from May 31, 1833, to April, 1858.
William Selden, Marshal of the District of Co
lumbia, attended from April 1, 1858, to 1861.
Ward H. Lamon, Marshal of the District of Co-
lumbia, attended from 1861, to June, 1865.
D. S. Gooding, Marshal of the District of Colum
bia, attended from June, 1865, to April 3, 1867.
Richard C. Parsons, Marshal of the Supreme
Court, appointed April 3, 1867. Resigned 1872.
John G. Nicolay, Marshal of the Supreme Court,
appointed April 3, 1872.
[Court meets first Monday in December, at Wash-
ington.]
THE JUSTICES OF THE CIRCUIT, DISTRICT, AND TERRITORIAL COURTS.
[prom the official records.]
{For further information respecting these men see Biographical Annals.)
Adams, George Dist. Judge. .Mississippi.
Allen, Richard C Dist. Judge. .Florida.
Allyn, Joseph P Terr'l Judge. Arizona.
Anderson, Joseph, . . .Terr'l Judge. So. of Ohio River.
Armor, Charles Lee. .Terr'l Judge. Colorado.
Backus, Henry T. . . .Terr'l Judge. Arizona.
Baker, Grafton Terr'l Judge.New Mexico.
Balch, Alfred Terr'l Judge. Florida.
Baldwin, Alex'der W.Dist. Judge.. Nevada.
Ballard, Bland Dist. Judge. .Kentucky.
Barbour, Philip Dist. Judge. .Virginia.
Barnes, Alanson H. . .Terr'l Judge. Dakota.
Barnes, David L Dist. Judge. Rhode Island.
Bartlett, Asa Terr'l Judge. Dakota.
Bassett, Richard Circ. Judge., Third Circuit.
Bates, Frederick Terr'l Judge.Michigan.
Bates, J. Woodson.. .Terr'l Judge. Arkansas.
Bee, Thomas Ch, Circ. Jus
Bee, Thomas Dist. Judge,.
Bedford, Gunning... .Dist. Judge,,
Belford, James B Terr'l Judge,
Benedict, Charles L, .Dist, Judge,.
Benedict, K .Terrl Judge.
Bennett, G. G Terr'l Judge.
Bent, Silas Terr'l Judge.
Benson, Egbert Circ. Judge..
Betts, Samuel R Dist. Judge. .
Biggs, Asa Dist. Judge. .
Black, Samuel W. . . .Terr'l Judge.
Blackwood, Wm. G. .Terr'l Judge.
Blake, Henry N Terr'l Judge.
Bland. Theo'dorick. . .Dist. Judge. .
Blatchford, Samuel. .Dist. Judge..
Bliss, Philemon Terr'l Judge.
.Fifth Circuit.
South Carolina.
Delaware.
Colorado.
New York.
New Mexico.
Dakota.
Missouri.
Second Circuit.
New York.
North Ccirolina.
Nebraska.
New Mexico.
Montana.
Maryland.
New York.
Dakota.
544
TABULAR RECORDS,
Blodgett, Henry W. .Dist. Judge. .Illinois.
Bond, Hugh L Circ. Judge. .Maryland.
Bond, Hugh L Dist. Judge. .Maryland.
Boone, William F Terr'l Judge. New Mexico.
Boreman, Jacob S... .Terr'l Judge. Utah,
Bourne, Benjamin. . .Circ. Judge. .First Circuit.
Bourne, Benjamin. . .Dist. Judge. .Rhode Island.
Boyce, Henry Dist. Judge.. Louisiana.
Boynton, Thomas J. .Dist. Judge. .Florida.
Boyle, John W Terr'l Judge. Dakota.
Boyle, John Dist. Judge.. Kentucky.
Bradford, Allen A... .Terr'l Judge. Colorado.
Bradford, Edward G. Dist. Judge.. Delaware.
Brandebury, L. G. . . .Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Brearly, David Dist, Judge. .New Jersey.
Bradley, James Terr'l Judge. Nebraska.
Breckinridge, H. M..Dist. Judge.. Florida.
Bristol, Warren Terr'l Judge. New Mexico.
Bristol, William Dist, Judge, .Connecticut.
Brochus, P. E Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Brockenbrough,W.H.Dist. Judge. .Florida.
Brockenbrough, J. W.Dist. Judge. .Virginia.
Bronson, Isaac H, . . .Dist. Judge. .Florida.
Brooks, George W. . .Dist. Judge.. North Carolina.
Brookings, W. W Terr'l Judge.Dakota.
Brown, James Terr'l Judge. Orleans.
Brown, Morgan W. . .Dist. Judge. .Tennessee.
Bruin, Peter Bryan. .Terr'l Judge.Mississippl.
Bryan, George S Dist. Judge. .South Carolina.
Bryant, William P.. .Terr'l Judge. Oregon.
Bulfingtou, Joseph. . .Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Bullit, George Terr'l Judge. Missouri.
Bulloch, James R. . . .Dist. Judge.. Rhode Island.
Burnett, Peter H Terr'l Judge. Oregon.
Busteed, Richard. . . .Dist. Judge. . Alabama.
Burrell, J. M Terr'l Judge. Kansas.
Byrd, Chas, Whiting, Dist. Judge. .Ohio.
Cadwalader, John... .Dist. Judge. .Pennsylvania.
Caldwell, Alexander. .Dist. Judge. .Virginia.
Caldwell, Henry C. . .Dist. Judge. . Arkansas.
Cameron, John A. . . .Dist. Judge. .Florida.
Campbell, J. W Dist. Judge. .Ohio.
Cormack, Samuel W.Dist. Judge. .Florida.
Carter, Harley H. . . .Terr'l Judge. Arizona.
Canter, David K. . . .Ch. Justice. .Dist. of Columbia.
Cary, Joseph M.. . . .Terr'l Judge. Wyoming.
Cato, Sterling G Terr'l Judge, Kansas.
Chatfield, A, G Terr'l Judge. Minnesota.
Chenowith, F. A Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Chipman, Nathaniel.. Dist. Judge. .Vermont.
Chipman, Henry Terr'l Judge. Michigan.
Clark, William Ch. Jus. Ter'l. Indiana.
Clark, Daniel Dist. Judge. .New Hampshire.
Clay, Joseph, Jr Circ. Judge. .Fifth Circuit.
Clay, Joseph, Jr Dist. Judge. .Georgia.
Clayton, Alex'der M.. Terr'l Judge. Arkansas.
Coburn, John Terr'l Judge. Louisiana.
Coburn, John Terr'l Judge. Michigan.
Coburn, John Terr'l Judge. Orleans.
Cole, Orsamus Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin.
Conkling, Alfred. . . .Dist. Judge. .New York.
Cooper, David Terr'l Judge. Minnesota.
Cradlebaugh, John. . .Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Cranch, William. . . .Circ. Judge. .Dist. of Columbia.
Crancli, William. . . .Ch. Jus. Ter'l. Dist. of Columbia.
Crawford, William . . Ch. Jus. Ter'l. Alabama.
Crawford, Thomas H.Dist. Judge.. Dist. of Columbia.
Creighton, Wm., Jr. .Dist. Judge. .Ohio.
Crosbie, Henry R. . . .Dist. Judge. .Utah.
Cross, Edward Terr'l Judge. Arkansas.
Cummins, John Terr'l Judge. Idaho.
Cuyler, Jeremiah. . . .Dist. Judge. .Georgia.
Daniel, Peter V Dist. Judge. .Virginia.
Darwin, C. B Terr'l Judge. Washington.
Davenport, J. J Terr'l Judge. New Mexico.
Davie, William R Dist. Judge.. North Carolina.
Da vies, William Dist. Judge. .Georgia.
Davis, John Dist. Judge. .Massachusetts.
Davis, Thomas T. . . .Terr'l Judge. Indiana.
Deady, M. P Dist. Judge. .Oregon.
Delahay, Mark W... .Dist. Judge. .Kansas.
De Lisle, Moreau. . . .Terr'l Judge. Orleans.
Dick, John Dist. Judge. .Louisiana.
Dick, Robert P Dist. Judge.. North Carolina.
Dickerson, Philemon. Dist. Judge. .New Jersey.
Dillon, John F Circ. Judge. .Iowa.
Dixon, Luther C Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin.
Doty, James D Terr'l Judge. Michigan.
Douglas, Samuel I.. .Dist. Judge. .Florida.
Drake, 'Thomas J. . . .Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Drayton, John Dist. Judge. . South Carolina.
Drayton, William... .Dist. Judge. . South Carolina.
Drummond, Thomas. Circ. Judge. .Illinois.
Drummond, Wm. W. Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Duane, James Dist. Judge, ,New York.
Duane, Edm'd Fr'cis. Terr'l Judge, Arizona.
Ducket, Allen B .Circ. Judge. .Dist. of Columbia.
DuflBeld, George Terr'l Judge.Orleans.
Duncan, Charles Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin.
Dundy, Elmer S Dist. Judge. .Nebraska.
Dunlop, William Circ. Judge. .Dist. of Columbia.
Dunn, Charles Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin.
Durell, Edward H... .Dist. Judge. .Louisiana.
Duval, Thomas H... .Dist. Judge. .Texas.
Dyer, John J Dist Judge. .Iowa.
Easton, Rufus Terr'l Judge. Louisiana.
Eckles, Delano R. . . .Chief Justice. Utah.
Edgerton, Sidney Terr'l Judge. Idaho.
Edmunds, G Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Edwards, Pierpoint. .Dist. Judge. .Connecticut.
Elmore, R Assoc. Just. .Kansas.
Ellis, Powhattan. . . .Terr'l Judge.Mississippl.
Emerson, Philip H. .Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Emmons, Halmer H..Circ. Judge. .Michigan.
Erwin, David Terr'l Judge. Michigan.
Eskeridge, Thomas P. Terr'l Judge. Arkansas.
Erskine, John Dist. Judge. .Georgia.
Eyster, C. S Terr'l Judge. Colorado.
Field, Richard S Dist. Judge. .New Jersey.
Ferguson, Fenner Terr'l Judge. Oregon.
Fisher, John Dist. Judge. .Delaware.
Fisk, James Terr'l Judge.Indiana^
Fitts, Oliver Terr'l Judge.Mississippl.
Fitzhugh. Edward C.Assoc. Just. .Washington.
Fitzhugh, Nicholas. .Circ. Judge. .Dist. of Columbia.
Fisher, George P Assoc. Just. .Dist. of Columbia.
Fisher, John Dist. Judge.. Delaware.
Fisher, Joseph W. . .Chief Just. . .Wyoming.
Fiundraw, Charles E. Terr'l Judge. Minnesota.
Flenniker, Robert P.Assoc. Just. .Utah.
Fox, Edward Dist. Judge. .Maine.
Frazer, Philip Dist. Judge. .Florida.
Frazier, William C. .Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin.
French, C. E. G
Fuller, Jerome Terr'l Judge. Minnesota
Gaillard, Theodore.. .Ch'f Jus., Cir.Fifth Circuit.
Gaillard, Theodore.. .Dist. Judge.. Louisiana.
Gale, William H Terr'l Judge. Colorado.
Gayle, John Dist. Judge. .Alabama.
Gholson, Samuel J.. .Dist. Judge. .Mississippi.
Gibbons, Thomas Dist. Judge. .Georgia.
Giles, William E Dist. Judge. .Maryland.
Gilchrist, Robert B. .Dist. Judge, , Georgia.
Gilchrist, Robert B, .Dist. Judge. .South Carolina.
Oilman, Joseph Terr'l Judge. NorthW.of OhioR
Gleason, William E.. Terr'l Judge.Dakota.
Glenn, Elias Dist. Judge.. Maryland.
Gorshire, William R. Terr'l Judge. Colorado.
Goodrich, A Terr'l Judge. Minnesota.
Goodwin, John N. . .Terr'l Judge. Arizona,
Greene, Roger S Assoc. Just., Washington.
Gresham, Walter Q...Dist. Judge.. Indiana.
Griffin, Cyrus Dist. Judge. .Virginia.
Griffin, John Terr'l Judge. Indiana.
Griffin, John Terr'l Judge.Michigan.
Griffith, William Circ. Judge.. Third Circuit.
TABULAR RECORDS
545
Griswold, Stanley.. . .Terr'l Judge. Illinois.
Haight, Fletcher M..Dist. Judge. .California.
Hall, Augustus Terr'l Judge. Nebraska,
Hall, Benj. F Terr'l Judge. Colorado.
Hall, Dominic A Dist. Judge. .Louisiana.
Hall, Dominick A Chi'f Jus.,Cir.Fifth Circuit.
Hall, Dominick A. . . .Dist. Judge. .Orleans.
Hall, Nathan K Dist. Judge. .New York.
Hall, Willard Dist. Judge. .Delaware.
Hallet, Moses Terr'l Judge. Colorado.
Hallyburton, Jas. D. .Dist, Judge. .Virginia,
Hardin, E. R Terr'l Judge. Nebraska.
Harding, Stephen S,. Terr'l Judge. Colorado,
Harper, Samuel H, ..Dist. Judge. .Louisiana.
Harris, Edward Circ. Judge. .Fifth Circuit.
Harvey, Matthew.. . .Dist. Judge. .New Hampshire,
Ha wley, Cyrus M. . . .Terr'l Judge. Utah,
Hay, George Dist. Judge., Virginia,
Heath, Upton S Dist. Judge. .Maryland,
Hewitt, C. C Terr'l Judge. Washington.
Heydenfelt, S. . . . . .Terr'l Judge. California.
Hill, Robert AndrewsDist. Judge. .Mississippi.
Hill, Robert AndrewsDist. Judge. .Mississippi.
Hill, William H Dist. Judge. .North Carolina.
Hillyer, Edsrar W... ,Dist. Judge,, Nevada.
Hitchcock, Samuel.. ,Circ, Judge. , Second Circuit,
Hitchcock, Samuel,. .Dist. Judge. .Vermont.
Hobart, John S Dist, Judge. .New York,
Hoftman, Ogden Dist. Judge. .California.
Hollister, M. E Terr'l Judge. Idaho.
Holly, Charles F Terr'l Judge. Colorado.
Holman, Jesse L Dist. Judge. .Indiana.
Holmes, John Dist. Judge.. Maine.
Hoogland, M Terr'l Judge. Washington.
Hopkins, James C. . .Dist. Judge. .Wisconsin.
Hopkinson, Francis. .Dist. Judge.. Pennsylvania.
Hopkinson, Joseph. .Dist. Judge, , Pennsylvania,
Hosmer, H, L Terr'l Judge. Montana.
Houston, James Dist. Judge. .Maryland,
Howe, John H Terr'l Judge, Wyoming.
Howell, David Dist, Judge. , Rhode Island.
Howell, William F. .Terr'l Judge, Arizona.
Hubbell, Sidney A, ., Terr'l Judge. New Mexico.
Humphreys, David C. Terr'l Judge. Dist. of Columbia.
Huntington, ElishaM.Dist. Judge. .Indiana.
Huntington, Samuel. .Terr'l Judge. Michigan.
Ingersoil, Jared Circ, Judge. .Third Circuit.
Innes. Harry Dist. Judge. . Kentucky.
Irwin, David Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin,
Irwin, Thomas Dist, Judge, , Pennsylvania,
Jackson, John J,, Jr,,Dist. Judge. .Virginia.
Jackson, John J,, Jr.. Dist, Judge, .West Virginia.
Jacobs, Orange Terr'l Judge. Washington,
Jewelt, C, C, Terr'l Judge. Arkansas,
Johnson, Benjamin, .Dist, Judge. .Arkansas.
Johnson, D. B Terr'l Judge. New Mexico.
Johnson, Hezekiah S. Terr'l Judge. New Mexico.
Johnson, Thomas, , . .Dist. Judge., Maryland,
Johnson, Thomas. . . .Circ. Judge. .Dist. of Columbia.
Jones, Horatio Terr'l Judge. Nevada.
Jones, J. M Dist. Judge. .California.
Jones, Obadiah Terr'l Judge. Illinois.
Jones, Obadiah Terr'l Judge.Mississippi.
Jones, Obadiah Terr'l Judge.Mississippi.
Jones, Obadiah Dist. Judge.. Mississippi,
Jones, William G. . . .Dist. Judge. .Alabama.
Jones, William T. . . .Terr'l Judge, Wyoming.
Jordon, Dillon, Jr. . .Dist, Judge.. Florida.
Judson, Andrew T, . .Dist. Judge.. Connecticut,
Kane, John K Dist. Judge.. Pennsylvania.
Kellogg, William P. Terr'l Judge. Nebraska.
Kelly, Milton Terr'l Judge. Idaho.
Kennedy, James K, , Assoc, Jus.. .Washington.
Ker, David Terr'l Judge.Mississippi.
Key, Philip Barton. .Ch. Jus. Circ.Fourth Circuit.
Key, Philip Barton. ,Circ. Judge.. Fourth Circuit.
Kidder, J. P Terr'l Judge. Dakota.
Kilty, William Ch. Jus. Circ. Dist. of Columbia,
Kingman, John W. . .Assoc. Jus.. .Wyoming.
Kinney, I. F Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Kirby, Ephraim Terr'l Judge.Mississippi.
Khapp, Joseph G Terr'l Judge. New Mexico.
Knowles, Hiram Terr'l Judge. Montana.
Knowles, John P Dist. Judge, .Rhode Island.
Krekel, Arnold Dist. Judge. .Missouri.
Lacey, Thomas J. . , .Dist. Judge. .Arkansas.
Lander, Edward Terr'l Judge. Washington.
Lane, George W Dist. Judge. .Alabama.
Laurance, John Dist. Judge. .New York.
Law, Richard Dist. Judge. .Connecticut.
Lawrence, Philip K. Dist. Judge. .Louisiana.
Lawrence, Wm. W, ,Dist. Judge. , Florida.
Lea, John M Dist. Judge. .Tennessee.
Leake, Walter Terr'l Judge.Mississippi.
Leake, Walter Dist. Judge. .Mississippi.
Leavitt, Hump. H. ..Dist. Judge. .Ohio.
Lecompte, Samuel D. Terr'l Judge. Kansas.
Lee, Charles Circ. Jidge. .Fourth Circuit.
Lee, Thomas Dist. Judge,, South Carolina.
Lewis, Joseph R Terr'l Judge, Washington.
Lewis, Joshua Terr'l Judge. Orleans.
Lewis, Seth Ch.Jus.Ter'l.Mississippi.
Lewis, William Dist. Judge. .Pennsylvania.
Livingston, Brockholdst ,Dis, Jud. New York.
Locke, James W Dist. Judge.. Florida,
Locke, Powhattan B. Terr'l Judge. Nevada.
Lock wood, Wm. F. .Terr'l Judge. Nebraska.
Longyear, John W. .Dist. Judge. .Michigan.
Love, James M Dist. Judge. .Iowa.
Lowell, John Circ. Judge. .First Circuit.
Lowell, John Dist. Judge, .Massachusetts.
Lucas, John B. C. . . Terr'l Judge. Louisiana.
Lucas, John B. C. . . .Terr'l Judge, Missouri,
Lucas, John B, C. . . .Dist, Judge. .Missouri.
Lyons, H. A Terr'l Judge. California.
McAllister, Matt, H.Circ, Judge. California,
McArthur, Arthur. , , Terr'l Judge. Dist, of Columbia.
McBride, John R. . . .Terr'l Judge. Idaho.
McCaleb, Theo. H. . .Dist. Judge. .Louisiana.
McCandless, Wilson. Dist. Judge. .Pennsylvania.
McClung, William.. .Circ, Judge. .Sixth Circuit.
McCurdy, S. P Terr'l Judge. Utah,
McDonald, David. , . .Dist. Judge. .Indiana.
McFadden, O. B Terr'l Judge. Washington.
McFadden, O. B Terr'l Judge, Oregon.
McGrath, A, G Dist, Judge,, South Carolina.
McGuire, William.. .Ch.Jus.Ter'l, Mississippi,
McKean, James B, . , Terr'l Judge. Utah.
McKennan, William. Circ. Judge. .Pennsylvania,
McNairy, John Dist. Judge, .Tennessee,
McNairy, John Terr'l Judge. South of Ohio R..
McQueen, Mcintosh. Dist. Judge. Florida.
Magill, Charles Circ. Judge. .Fourth Circuit.
Marchant, Henry. . . .Dist. Judge, .Rhode Island,
Marshall, James Circ. Judge. .Dist. of Columibia.
Martin, Francis X. . .Terr'l Judge. Orleans,
Martin, Francis X. . .Terr'l Judge.Mississippi.
Marvin, William Dist. Judge. .Florida.
Mason, Charles Terr'l Judge, Iowa,
Mason, John Y Dist. Judge, , Virginia.
Matthews, Geo., Jr. .Terr'l Judge, Orleans.
Matthews, Geo., Jr. .Terr'l Judge.Mississippi..
Meeker, B. B Terr'l Judge. Minnesota.
Meigs, Return J Terr'l Judge. Louisiana.
Meigs, Return J., Jr. Terr'l Judge.N. W. of OMo>R.
Meigs, Return J Terr'l Judge. Louisiana.
Meigs, Return J., Jr. Terr'l Judge. Michigan.
Miller, Andrew J Dist. Judge. , Wisconsin.
Miller, A. J Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin..
Miller, Andrew J Terr'l Judge.Wisconsin..
Miller, Joseph Terr'l Judge.Nebraska.
Milligan, Samuel Terr'l Judge.Nebraska.
Monroe, Thomas B. .Dist. Judge. .Kentucky.
Monroe, V Terr'l Judge. Washington;.
Morell, George Terr'l Judge.Michigan.
Morrill, Amos Dist, Judge. .Texas.
546
TABULAR RECORDS
Morris, Robert Dist. Judge. .New Jersey.
Morsel], James S. . . .Circ. Judge. .Dist. of Columbia.
Morsell, James S. . . .Terr'l, Judge. Dist. of Columbia.
Mott, Gordon N Terr'l Judge. Nevada.
Mower, Horace Terr'l Judge. New Mexico.
Munsou, Lyman^E.. .Terr'l Judge, Montana.
Murpliy, John L Terr'l Judge. Montana.
Murray, H. C Terr'l Judge. California.
Nelson, R. R Terr'l Judge. Minnesota.
Nelson, Rensselaer R.Dist. Judge. .Minnesota.
Nelson, Thomas Terr'l Judge.Oregon.
Nicoll, John C Dist. Judge. .Georgia.
Nixon, John T Dist. Judge. .New Jersey.
Noggle, David Terr'l Judge. Idaho.
North, John W Terr'l Judge. Nevada.
Ogier, Isaac S. K. . . .Dist. Judge. .California.
Olin, Abraham B. . . .Terr'l Judjye.Dist. of Columbia.
Oliphant, E. P Terr'l Judge. Washington.
Olney, Cyrus Terr'l Judge.Oregon.
Paca, William Dist. Judge. .Maryland.
Paine, Bryan Terr'l Judge. Wisconsin.
Paine, Elijah Dist. Judge. .Vermont.
Palin, Joseph G Terr'l Judge.New Mexico.
Paris, Albion K Dist. Judge. .Maine.
Parke, Benjamin. . . .Terr'l Judge Indiana.
Parker, Thomas Dist. Judge. .South Carolina.
Parks, Samuel C. Terr'l Judge. Idaho.
Parsons, Samuel H. .Terr'l Judge. N. W. of Ohio R.
Peck, J. H Dist. Judge.. Missouri.
Peery, William Terr'l JudgeSouth of Ohio R.
Pendleton, Edmund.. Dist. Judge.. Virginia.
Pennington, W. S...Dist. Judge. .New Jersey.
Pennybacker, Isaac S.Dist. Judge.. Virginia.
Peters, Richard Dist. Judge.. Pennsylvania.
Petit, John Terr'l Judge. Kansas.
Pettis, S. Newton . . .Terr'l Judge. Colorado.
Pickering, John Dist. Judge. .New Hampshire.
Pinckney, Thomas ..Dist. Judge. South Carolina.
Pitman, John Dist. Judge.. Rhode Island.
Poindexter, George. .Dist. Judge.. Mississippi.
Poindexter, George. .Terr'l Judge. Mississippi.
Pope, Nathaniel Dis. Judge. .Illinois.
Porter, De Forest. . .Terr'l Judge. Arizona.
Potter, E. D Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Potter, Henry Circ. Judge.. Fifth Circuit.
Potter, Henry Dist. Judge.. North Carolina.
Pratt, 0. C Terr'l Judge.Oregon.
Prentiss, Samuel. .. .Dist. Judge.. Vermont.
Prevost, John B Terr'l Judge. Orleans.
Putnam, Rufus Terr'l Judge.N. West of Ohio R.
Randall, Archibald. .Dist. Judge.. Pennsylvania.
Randall, T Dist. Judge. .Florida.
Randolph, Peter Dist. Judge. .Mississippi,
Read, Jacob Dist. Judge. .South Carolina.
Read, Lazarus H. . . .Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Reavis, Isliam Terr'l Judge. Arizona.
Reid, Robert R Terr'l Judge. Florida.
Ringo, Daniel Dist. Judge. .Arkansas.
Rives, Alexander. . . .Dist. Judge.. Virginia.
Robertson, T. B Terr'l Judge. Louisiana.
Rodney, Thomas . . . .Terr'l Judge. Mississippi.
Rossell, William . . . .Dist. Judi;e..New Jersey.
Sawyer, Lorenzo. . . .Circ. Judge. .California.
Scott, Andrew Terr'l Judge. Arkansas.
Scott, James Terr'l Judge.Indiana.
Selden, Joseph Terr'l Judge. Arkansas.
Serrell, David Dist. Judge.. Maine.
Service, Francis G. . .Terr'l Judge.Montana.
Shannon, Peter C. . .Terr'l Judge.Dakota.
Shaver, Leonidas. . . .Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Shepley, George P . .Circ. Judge. .Maine.
Sherburne, John S. .Dist. Judge. .New Hampshire.
Sherburne, Moses. . .Terr'l Judge.Minnesota.
Sherman, Charles T.Dist. Judge. .Ohio.
Sherman, Henry . . . .Terr'l Judge.New Mexico.
Shields, Wm. BayardDist. Judge.. Mississippi.
Shipman, Nathaniel .Dist. Judge. .Connecticut.
Shrader, Otto Terr'l Judge. Louisiana.
Sibley, Solomon Terr'l Judge. Michigan.
Simpson, Josiah Dist. Judge.. Mississippi.
Sinclair, Charles E. .Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Sitgreaves, John Circ. Judge. .Fifth Circuit.
Sitgreaves, John. . . Dist. Judge.. North Carolina.
Skinner, Roger Dist. Judge. .New York.
Smalley, David A. . .Dist. Judge. .Vermont.
Smith, All cock C Terr'l Judge. Idaho.
Smith, Caleb B Dist. Judge.. Indiana.
Smith, Jeremiah Circ. Judge. .First Circuit.
Smith, Joseph L Dist. Judge. .Florida.
Snow, Zerubbabel. ..Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Sprague, Pel eg Dist. Judge. .Massachusetts.
Sprigg, William Terr'l Judge. Illinois.
Sprigg, William . . . .Terr'l Judge. Louisiana.
Sprigg, William Terr'l Judge. Michigan.
Sprigg, William . . . .Terr'l Judge. Orleans.
Sprigg, William . . . .Dist. Judge. .Missouri.
Stephens, William . .Dist. Judge. .Georgia.
Stewart, Alexander. .Dist. Judge. .Illinois.
Stiles, George P Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Stokes, John Dist. Judge.. North Carolina.
Story, William Dist. Judge.. Arkansas.
Strickland, O. F. . . .Terr'l Judge. Utah.
Strong, William Terr'l Judge. Washington.
Stuart, Alexander. . .Terr'l Judge. Illinois.
Stuart, Alexander.. .Terr'l Judge. Missouri.
Sullivan, John Dist. Judge. . New Hampshire.
Swing, Philip B Dist. Judge.. Ohio.
Symmes, John C Terr'l Judge.N. West of Ohio R.
Tait, Charles Dist. Judge.. Alabama.
Tallmadge, M'thias B.Dist. Judge.New York.
Taylor, George K, . . .Circ. Judge. .Fourth Circuit.
Taylor, Walter Terr'l Judge Indiana.
Thomas, E. A. . .Terr'l Judge. Wyoming.
Thomas, Jesse B. . . .Dist. Judge. .Illinois.
Thompson, John. . . .Dist. Judge.. Arkansas.
Thompson, John. . . .Terr'l Judge.Orleans.
Thruston, Buckner. .Circ. Judge.. Dist. of Columbia.
Thruston, Buckner. .Terr'l Judge.Orleans.
Tilghman, William. .Ch'f Jus.,Cir.Third Circuit.
Tilton, Daniel Terr'l Judge. Mississippi.
Titus, John Terr'l Judge. Arizona.
Titus, John Terr'l Judge.Utah.
Tompkins, Daniel D.Dist. Judge.New York.
Toulmin, Harry. . . . Terr'l Judge. Mississippi.
Toulmin, Harry Dist. Judge. .Mississippi.
Towles, Thomas . . . .Terr'l Judge. Illinois.
Towles, Thomas . . . .Dist. Judge. .Illinois.
Treat, Samuel H . . . .Dist. Judge. .Illinois.
Trigg, Connolly F. . .Dist. Judge. .Tennessee.
Trimble, Robert . . . .Dist. Judge. .Kentucky.
Trimble, William Terr'l Judge. Arkansas.
Troup, Robert Dist. Judge. .New York.
Tucker, St. George. .Dist. Judge. .Virginia.
Turner, George Terr'l Judge.N. West of Ohio R.
Turner, George Terr'l Judge. Nevada.
Turner, William F. .Terr'l Judge. Arizona.
Tweed, Charles A. . .Terr'l Judge. Arizona.
Tyler, John Dist. Judge. .Virginia.
Underwood, John C.Dist. Judge. .Virginia.
Vanderburg, Henry. .Terr'l Judge.Indiana.
Van Ness, Wm. P. . .Dist. Judge. .New York.
Wade, D. L Terr'l Judge.Montana.
Waite, Charles B Terr'l Judge.Utah.
Waldo, H. L Ch. Jus. Terr'l New Mexico.
Wakely, Eleazer Terr'l Judge. Nebraska.
Walker, John H . . . .Dist. Judge. .Pennsylvania.
Ware, Ashur Dist. Judge. .Maine.
Watrous, John C Dist. Judge. .Texas.
Watts, John S Terr'l Judge.New Mexico.
Webb, James Terr'l Judge. Florida.
Welch, William H. .Terr'l Judge.Minnesota.
Wells, Ebenezer T. .Terr'l Judge. Colorado.
Wells, Robert W. . . .Dist. Judge... Missouri.
Winston, William C. Terr'l Judge. Idaho.
Wilkins, William. . .Dist. Judge. .Pennsylvania.
Wilkins, Ross Dist. Judge. .Michigan.
TABULAR RECORDS
o-i7
Williams, Archibald
Williams, George H
Williams, Joseph L.
Williams, Joseph. . .
Williston, Lorenzo P,
Wilson, Hiram V. . . ,
Wilson, T. S
Winchester, James. .
Witherall, James...
Dist. Judge. .
Terr'l Judge.
Terr'l Judge.
Terr'l Judge.
Terr'l Judge.
Dist. Judge. .
Terr'l Judge.
Dist. Judge..
Terr'l Judge.
Kansas.
Oregon.
Dakota.
Iowa.
Dakota.
Ohio.
Iowa.
Maryland.
Michigan.
Withey, Solomon L .Dist. Judge..
Wolcott, Oliver Circ. Judge. .
Woods, William B. .Circ. Judge..
Woodbridge, Wm. . .Terr'l Judge,
Woodruff, Lewis B. .Circ. Judge.,
Woodward, Aug. B. .Terr'l Judge
Wyche, James E Terr'l Judge.
Wylie, Andrew Terr'l Judge.
Yell, Archibald Dist. Judge.
Michigan.
Second Circuit.
Alabama.
Michigan.
Second Circuit.
Michigan.
Washington.
Dist. of Columbia.
Arkansas.
ORIGINAL ORGANIZATION, 1855. THREE
JUDGES.
John J. Gilchrist, of New Hampshire, appointed
in 1855. Died.
Isaac Blackford, of Indiana, appointed in 1855.
Died.
George P. Scarborough, of Virginia, appointed
in 1855. Resigned.
Edward G. Loring, of Massachusetts, appointed
in 1858.
James Hughes, of Indiana, appointed in 1860.
Resigned.
Joseph Casey, of Pennsylvania, appointed in 1861.
Chief Justice, 1863. Resigned.
COURT OF CLAIMS.
RE-ORGANIZED, 1863. FIVE JUDGES.
David Wilmot, of Pennsylvania, appointed in
1863. Died.
Ebenezer Peck, of Illinois, appointed in 1863.
Charles C. Nott, of New York, appointed in 1865.
Samuel Milligan, of Tennessee, appointed in
1868. Died.
Charles D. Drake, of Missouri, appointed in
1870. Chief Justice.
William A. Richardson, of Massachusetts, ap-
pointed in 1874.
ORGANIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS.
DEPARtMENT OF STATE.
In charge of Secretary of State, three Assistant
Secretaries, and one Chief Clerk.
BUREAU' OF INDEXES AND ARCHIVES.
The duty of opening the mails ; preparing and
registering daily, full abstracts of all correspondence
to and from the Department ; indexing such corres-
pondence, both by subjects and persons ; the preser-
vation of the archives, and the arrangement of the
papers to accompany the Messages and Reports to
Congress ; answering calls of the Secretary, Assis-
tant Secretaries, Chief Clerk and Chief of Bureaus
for correspondence, etc., etc.
DIPLOMATIC BUREAU.
Diplomatic correspondence and miscellaneous cor-
respondence relating thereto.
CONSULAR BUREAU.
Correspondence with consulates and miscellaneous
correspondence relating thereto.
BUREAU OF ACCOUNTS.
Custody and disbursement of appropriations under
direction of the Department ; charged with indemnity
funds and bonds ; care of the building and property
of the Department ; disbursement of the construc-
tion-fund of the new State, War, and Navy Denart-
ments building.
BUREAU OF ROLLS AND LIBRARY.
Custody of the rolls, treaties, etc.; promulgation of
the laws, etc.; care and superintendence of the library
and public documents ; care of the revolutionary
archives of international commissions.
BUREAU OF STATISTICS.
Preparation of the reports upon Commercial Rela-
tions.
LAW BUREAU.
(From the Department of Justice.) The examina-
tion of all questions of law submitted by the Secre-
tary or the Assistant Secretaries, and of all claims.
OFFICE OF PRIVATE SECRETARY.
In charge of Confidential Correspondence.
OFFICE OF TRANSLATOR.
In charge of all translations made in Department.
OFFICE OF PARDONS AND COMMISSIONS.
OFFICE OF PASSPORTS.
TELEGRAPH OFFICE.
SUPERINTENDENT OF MAILS.
548
TABULAR RECORDS
THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.
According to the law there shall be at the seat of
Government an Executive Department to be known
as the Department of Justice, and an Attorney-Gen-
eral, who shall be the head thereof.
There shall be in this Department an officer, learned
in the law, to assist the Attorney-General in the per-
formance of his duties, called the Solicitor-General,
who shall be appointed by the President by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate. In case of a
vacancy in the office of Attorney-General, or of his
absence or disability, the Solictitor-General shall have
power to exercise all the duties of that office.
There shall be in this Department three officers,
learned in the law, called the Assistant Attorneys-Gen-
eral, who shall be appointed by the President, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall
assist the Attorney-General and Solictor-General in
the performance of their duties.
There shall be in this Department a Solicitor of the
Treasury, an Assistant Solicitor of the Treasury, a
Solicitor of Internal Revenue, a Naval Solicitor, and
an Examiner of Claims for the Department of State,
who shall be appointed by the President, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate.
The A.ttorney-General shall give his advice and
opinion upon questions of law, whenever required by
the President.
The head of an Executive Department may require
the opinion of the Attorney-Geiieral on any questions
of law arising in the administration of his Depart-
ment.
The Attorney-General may require any solicitor or
officer of the Department of Justice to perform
any duty required of the Department or any officer
thereof.
The Attorney-General shall exercise general super-
intendence and direction over the attorneys and
marshals of all the districts in the United States and
the Territories as to the manner of discharging their
respective daties; and the several district attorneys
and marshals are required to report to the Attorney-
General an account of their official proceedings, and
of the state and condition of their respective offices,
in such time and manner as the Attorney-General
may direct.
Whenever the head of a Department or Bureau
gives the Attorney-General due notice that the in-
terests of the United States require the service of
counsel upon the examination of witnesses touching
any claim, or upon the legal investigation of any
claim, pending in such Department or Bureau, the
Attorney-General shall provide for such service.
The Attorney-General shall from time to time cause
to be edited, and printed at the Government Printing
Office, an edition of one thousand copies of such of
the opinions of the law officers herein authorized to be
given as he may deem valuable for preservation in
volumes.
The Department of Justice shall be charged with
the distribution to the various Judges and courts of
the statutes, reports, and other judicial documents
provided for by law.
A register of the statutes of the United States and
reports of the Supreme Court, shall be kept, under
the authority of the head of the Department of
Justice, showing the quantity of each kind received
by him from the Secretary of the Interior ; and it
shall be his duty to cause to be entered in such regis-
ter, and at the proper time, when, where, and to
whom the same, or any part of them, have been dis-
tributed and delivered, and to report the same to
Congress in his annual report.
JUDICIAL CIRCUITS.
The judicial districts of the United States are
divided into nine circuits, as follows :
First. The first circuit includes the districts of
Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and
Maine.
Second. The second circuit includes the districts
of Vermont, Connecticut, and New York.
Third, The third circuit includes the districts of
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.
Fourth. The fourth circuit includes the districts of
Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina,
and South Carolina.
Fifth. The fifth circuit includes the districts of
Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana,
and Texas.
Sixth. The sixth circuit includes the districts of
Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, and Tennessee,
Seventh. The seventh circuit includes the districts
Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin.
Eighth. The eighth circuit includes the districts of
Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, and
Arkansas.
Ninth. The ninth circuit includes the districts of
California, Oregon, and Nevada.
INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.
This Department is in charge of the Secretary of
the Interior, and one Assistant Secretary, who have
the supervision and management of the following
branches of the public service :
THE PUBLIC LANDS.
The chief of this office is called the Commissioner
of the General Land Office. It is charged with the
survey, management, and sale of the public domain,
and the issuing of titles therefor, whether derived
from confirmation of grants made by former govern-
ments, by sales, donations, or grants for schools, mil-
itary bounties, or public improvements, and likewise
the revision of Virginia military bounty land claims,
and the issuing of scrip in lieu thereof. The Land
Office, also, audits its owh accounts.
PENSIONS.
The Commissioner of this bureau is charged with
the examination and adjudication of all claims aris-
ing under the various and numerous laws passed by
Congress, granting bounty-land or pensions for the
military or naval service in the Revolutionary and
subsequent wars in which the United States have
been engaged.
INDIANS.
This bureau is in charge of a Commissioner of In
dian Affairs, who has control of all business con-
nected with the Indian tribes.
PATENT OFFICE.
To this bureau, whose head is called a Commis-
sioner, is committed the execution and performance
TABULAR RECORDS.
549
of all " acts and tilings touching and respecting the
granting and issuing of patents for new and useful
discoveries, inventions, and improvements ; " and the
collection of statistics.
Besides the above principal branches, this Execu-
tive Department has charge of the mines of the
United States, and the affairs of the Penitentiary of
the United States in the District of Columbia, also
has the duty of taking and returning the Censuses of
the United States, and of supervising and directing the
acts of the Commissioner of Public Buildings. The
Hospital for the Insane of the Army and Navy, and
of the District of Columbia, and the appointment of
Governors and Secretaries of Territories, the United
States Capital Extension, and the Columbia Hos-
pital for Women are also under the management of
this Department.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
This branch of public business is in charge of a
Commissioner, and has been reorganized into a Depart-
ment, and is independent of the Interior Department,
of which it was formerly a subordinate bureau.
BUREAU OF EDUCATION.
This is an independent Bureau, the duties of which
may be gathered from its title, and is in charge of a
Commissioner.
TEEASURY DEPAETMENT.
The Treasury Department is in charge of the Sec-
retary of the Treasury, and two Assistant Secretaries,
and the following is a brief indication of the duties
of the several bureaus :
SECRETARY'S OFFICE.
The Secretary is charged with the general super-
vision of the fiscal transactions of the Government,
and of the execution of the laws concerning the com-
merce and navigation of the United States. He su-
perintends the survey of the coast, the light-house
establishment, the marine hospitals of the United
States, and the construction of certain public build-
ings for custom-houses and other purposes.
FIRST COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE.
He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering
accounts for the civil and diplomatic service, as well
as the public lands, and revises and certifies the bal-
ances arising thereon,
SECOND COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE.
He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering
the accounts of the Army and Navy, and of the Indian
and Pension Bureaus, of the public service, and re-
vises and certifies the balances arising thereon.
OFFICE COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS.
He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering
the accounts of the customs revenue and disburse-
ments, and for the building and repairing of custom-
houses, etc., and revises and certifies the balances
arising thereon.
FIRST AUDITOR'S OFFICE.
He receives and adjusts the accounts of the cus-
toms revenue and dist3ursements, appropriations and
expenditures on the account of the civil list and un-
der private acts of Congress, and reports the balances
to the Commissioner of the customs and the First
Comptroller, respectively, for their decision thereon.
SECOND AUDITOR'S OFFICE.
He receives and adjusts all accounts relating to the
pay, clothing, and recruiting of the army, as well as
armories, arsenals, and ordnance, and all accounts relat-
ing to the Indian Department, and reports the balances
to the second Comptroller for his decision thereon.
THIRD AUDITOR'S OFFICE.
He receives and adjusts all accounts for subsistence
of the army, fortifications, Military Academy, mili-
tary roads, and the Quartermaster's Department, as
well as for pensions, claims arising from military
services previous to 1816, and for horses and other
property lost in the military service, under various
acts of Congress, and reports the balances to the Sec-
ond Comptroller for his decision thereon.
FOURTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE.
He receives and adjusts all accounts for the service
of the Navy Department, and reports the balances to
the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon.
FIFTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE.
He receives and adjusts all accounts for diplomatic
and similar services performed under the direction of
the State Department, and reports the balances to
the First Comptroller for his decision thereon.
SIXTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE.
He receives and adjusts all accounts arising from
the service of the Post-Office Department. His de-
cisions are final, unless an appeal be taken in twelve
months to the First Comptroller. He superintends
the collection of all debts due the Post-Ofl[ice Depart-
ment, and all penalties and forfeitures imposed on
postmasters and mail contractors for failing to do
their duty ; he directs suits and legal proceedings,
civil and criminal, and takes all such measures as
may be authorized by law to enforce the prompt pay-
ment of moneys due to the department ; instructing
United States attorneys, marshals, and clerks in all
matters relating thereto ; and receives returns from
each term of the United States courts of the condi-
tion and progress of such suits and legal proceedings;
has charge of all lands and other property assigned
to the United States in payment of debts due the
Post-Office Department, and has power to sell and
dispose of the same for the benefit of the United
States.
TREASURER'S OFFICE.
He receives and keeps the moneys of the United
States in his own office, and that of the depositories
created by the Act of August 6, 1846, and pays out
the same upon warrants drawn by the Secretary of
the Treasury, countersigned by the First Comptroller,
and upon warrants drawn by the Postmaster-General,
countersigned by the Sixth Auditor, and recorded by
the Register He also holds public moneys advanced
by warrants to disbursing officers, and pays out the
same upon their checks.
REGISTER'S OFFICE.
He keeps the accounts of public receipts and ex-
penditures ; receives the returns, and makes out the
official statement of commerce and navigation of the
United States ; and receives from the First Comptrol-
ler and Commissioner of Customs all accounts and
vouchers decided by them, and is charged by law
with their safe-keeping.
I
550
TABULAR RECORDS
LIGHT-HOUSE BOARD.
Secretary of the Treasury ex-officio President.
This board directs the building and repairing of light-
houses, light-vessels, buoys, and beacons, contracts
for supplies of oil, etc.
UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY.
It has one Superintendent, who is also Superin-
tendent of Weights and Measures. All the charts of
the Government emanate from this oflBce.
INTERNAL REVENUE OFFICE.
A Commissioner, who has charge of all matters
connected with the Tax Laws.
COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY.
The head of this office has charge of everything
connected with the issuing of money.
BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION.
This office is in charge of a Supervising Architect
and several Assistant Architects.
UNITED STATES MINT.
This establishment is located in Philadelphia, but
is under the j urisdiction of the Treasury Department.
POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
ONE POSTMASTER-GENERAL AND THREE ASSISTANT POSTMASTERS-GENERAL.
{All this information officially communicated hy the Department.)
The direction and management of the Post-Office
Department are assigned by the Constitution and laws
to the Postmaster-General. That its business may
be the more conveniently arranged and prepared
for his final action, it is distributed among several
bureaus, as follows :
The Appointment Office, including the divisions
of appointments, bonds, salaries and allowances, free
delivery, and blank-agency, in charge of the First
Assistant Postmaster-General.
Appointment Dimnon. — To this division is assigned
the duty of preparing all cases for the establishment,
discontinuance, and change of name or site of post-
offices, and for the appointment of all postmasters,
special, route, and local agents, railway postal clerks,
mail-route messengers, and departmental employes,
and attending to all correspondence consequent
thereto.
Bond Division. — To this division is assigned the
duty of receiving and recording appointments ; send-
ing out papers for postmasters and their assistants to
qualify ; receiving, entering, and filing their bonds
and oaths ; and issuing the commissions for post-
masters.
Salary and Allowance Division. — To this division is
assigned the duty of re-adjusting the salaries of
postmasters, and the consideration of allowances for
rent, fuel, and lights, clerk-hire, aud miscellaneous
expenditures.
Free Delivery. — To this division is assigned the
duty of preparing cases for the inauguration of the
system in cities, the appointment of letter-carriers,
the regulation of allowances for incidental expenses,
and the general supervision of the system through-
out the United States.
Blank-Agency Division. — To this division is as-
signed the duty of sending out the blanks, wrapping-
paper aud twine, letter-balances and cancel ing-stamps,
to offices entitled to the same, as enumerated in
Chapter V.
The Contract Office, including the divisions of
contracts, inspection, mail equipments, special agents
and mail depredations, and the topographical divi-
sion, in charge of the Second Assistant Postmaster-
General,
Contract Division. — To this division is assigned the
business of arranging the mail service of the United
States, and placing the same under contract, embrac-
ing all correspondence and proceedings respecting the
frequency of trips, mode of conveyance, and times of
departures and arrivals on all the routes ; the course
of the mails between the different sections of the
country, the points of mail distribution, and the
regulations for the government of the domestic mail
service of the United States. It prepares the adver-
tisements for mail proposals, receives the bids, and
has charge of the annual and occasional mail lettings,
and the adjustment and execution of the contracts.
All applications for the establishment or alteration of
mail arangements, and for mail messengers, should
be sent to this office. All claims should be submitted
to it for transportation service not under contract.
From this office all postmasters at the ends of routes
receive the statement of mail arrangements prescribed
for the respective routes. It reports weekly to the
Auditor all contracts executed, and all orders affect-
ing the accounts for mail transportation ; prepares
the statistical exhibits of the mail service, and the
reports to Congress of the mail lettings, giving a
statement of each bid ; also, of the contracts made,
the new service originated, the curtailments ordered,
and the additional allowances granted within the
year.
Inspection Division. — To this division is assigned
the duty of receiving and examining the registers of
the arrivals and departures of the mails, certificates
of the service of route-agents, and reports of mail
failures ; noting the delinquencies of contractors, and
preparing cases thereon for the action of the Post-
master-General ; furnishing blanks for mail registers,
reports of mail failures, and other duties which may
be necessary to secure a faithful and exact perform-
ance of all mail contracts and service,
Mail-Equipment Division. — To this division is
assigned the issuing of mail locks and keys, mail
pouches and sacks, and the construction of mail-bag
catchers.
Division of Special Agents and Mail Depredations.
— All cases of mail depredation, or violation of law
by private expresses, or by the forging or illegal use
of postage-stamps, arc under the supervision of this
division, and should be reported to it. Special agents
of the Department make their reports to this division,
and all accounts of special agents for salary, per
diem, and expenses are also transmitted to the chief
of this division for examination and presentation for
allowance to the Postmaster-General,
Topographical Division. — This division is charged
with the preparation of the post-route maps and dia-
grams, and with the keeping up of the geographical
information requisite for the various branches of the
postal service.
The Finance Office, including the divisions of
finance, postage-stamps, and stamped envelopes, reg-
istered letters, and dead letters, in charge of the
Third Assistant Postmaster-General.
Division of Finance. — To this division is assigned
the duty of issuing drafts and warrants in payment
TABULAR RECORDS
of balances reported by the Auditor to be due to mail-
contractors or other persons ; the superintendence of
the collection of revenue at depository, draft, and de-
positing offices, and the accounts between the Depart-
ment and the Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers and
and special designated depositories of the United
States, This division receives all accounts, monthly
or quarterly, of the depository and draft offices, and
certificates of deposit from depositing offices.
Division of Postage-Stamps and Stamped Envelopes.
— To this division is assigned the issuing of postage-
fctamps, stamped envelopes, newspaper wrappers,
and postal-cards ; also, the supplying of postmasters
with envelopes for their official use and registered
package envelopes and seals.
Division of Registered Letters. — To this division is
assigned the duty of preparing instructions for the
guidance of postmasters relative to registered letters,
and all correspondence connected therewith ; also,
the compilation of statistics as to the transactions of
the business.
Division of Dead Letters. — To this division is as-
signed the examination and return to the writers of
dead letters, and all correspondence relating tliereto.
The Money -Okder Office, in charge of the
superintendent of the money-order system. — To this
office is assigned the general supervision and control
of the postal money-order system throughout the
United States, and the supervision of the interna-
tional money-order correspondence with foreign
countries.
The Office op Foreign Mails, in charge of
a superintendent. — To this office is assigned all
foreign postal arrangements, and the supervision of
the ocean mail steamship service.
The Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-
Office Department. — This is a bureau of the
Treasury Department, which, for convenience, is
located in the General Post-Office building. To
this officer is assigned the duty of auditing the ac-
counts of the Post-Office Department. All commu-
nications relating to the accounts of postmasters,
mail-contractors, and other agents of the Department
should be addressed to this officer.
In addressing communications to the Department,
care must be exercised thai they not only bear the
address of the officer in charge of the bureau to
which the business relates, but also the division to
which it specially belongs.
RATES OF POSTAGE ON DOMESTIC MAIL-MATTER.
[Note.— The weij^ht of any package to be sent in the mail mupt not exceed four pounds, except books and documents printed
by order of Congre!^s, or emanating from any of the executive departments.]
The following are the rates of postage chargeable
on DOMESTIC mail-matter of the different classes.
The mode of computing the rates upon inland let-
ters (i. e., letters from one office witliin the United
States or Territories to another), is as follows, to wit:
Single rate if not exceeding half an ounce ; double
rate if exceeding half an ounce, but not exceeding an
ounce ; treble rate if exceeding an ounce, but not ex-
ceeding an ounce and a half; and so on, charging an
additional rate for every additional half ounce or
fraction of half an ounce.
A single rate of three cents is uniformly established
on domestic letters.
At the post-office where letters, brought by vessels
or steamboats not employed in carrying the mail from
any domestic or foreign port, are deposited, they will
be charged with double rates of postage, to be col-
lected at the office of delivery — that is to say, six
cents for the single weight if mailed, and four cents
the single weight if delivered at the office ; but if
such letter has been prepaid by United States stamps
at such double rate of postage, no additional charge
will be made. If only partly prepaid by stamps, the
unpaid balance will be charged and collected on de-
livery.
If such letter is addressed to any point in a foreign
country no fee will be allowed thereon by the post-
master to the carrier.
RATES OF POSTAGE ON FIRST-CLASS MAT-
TER.
On letters, sealed packages, mail -matter wholly or
partly in writing, except book manuscript and cor-
rected proofs passing between authors and publish-
ers, and except local or drop letters, or United States
postal cards ; all printed matter so marked as to con-
vey any other or further information than is conveyed
by the original print, except the correction of mere
typographical errors ; all matter otherwise charge-
able with letter postage, but which is so wrapped or
secured that it cannot be conveniently examined by
postmasters without destroying the wrapper or en-
velope ; all packages containing matter not in itself
chargeable with letter postage, but in which is in-
closed or concealed any letter, memorandum, or other
thing chargeable with letter postage, or upon which
is any writing or memorandum ; all matter to which
no specific rate of postage is assigned ; and manu-
script for publication in newspapers, magazines, or
periodicals, three cents for each half ounce or fraction
thereof.
On local or drop letters, at offices where free deliv-
ery by carriers is established, two cents for each half
ounce or fraction thereof.
On local or drop letters, at offices where free deliv-
ery by carriers is not established, one cent for each
half ounce or fraction thereof.
RATES OF POSTAGE ON SECOND-CLASS MAT-
TER.
Mailable matter of this class embraces all news-
papers, magazines, and periodicals, exclusively in
print, and regularly issued at stated periods from a
known office of publication, without addition by writ-
ing, mark, or sign, and addressed to regular subscrib-
ers.
A regular subscriber is a person who has actually
paid, or undertaken to pay, a subscription price for a
newspaper, magazine, or other periodica], or for
whom such payment has been made or undertaken
to be made by some other person. But, in tlie latter
case, such payment must have been made or under-
taken with the previous consent or at the previous
request of the person to whom such newspaper,
magazine, or periodical is sent. A person to whom
any such publication is sent without his consent or
request, is not a " regular subscriber " within the
meaning of tlie law, and if there be no evidence of
prepayment on the package, double transient rates of
postage must be rated up and collected on delivery.
Specimen copies of a newspaper, or copies sent to
any otlier than regular subscribers, cannot be sent
through the mails at the pound rates. The subscrip-
tion necessary to constitute the person making it, or
for whom it is made, a regular subscriber, must be
for a period of time for which the publisher according
to his published terms offers to supply his publica-
tion to subscribers by mail.
Act of June 23, 1874, is as follows :
That on and after the 1st day of January, 1875, all
552
TABULAR RECORDS
newspapers and periodical publications mailed from
a known office of publication or news agency, and ad-
dressed to regular subscribers or news agents, postage
shall be cliarged at the following rates : On newspa-
pers and periodical publications, issued weekly and
oftener, 2 cents a pound or fraction thereof ; less fre-
quently, 8 cents a pound or fraction thereof : Pro-
vided, That nothing in this act shall be held to change
or amend section 99 of the Act entitled " An Act to
revise, consolidate, and amend the statutes relating
to the Post-Office Department," approved June 8,
1872.
The section provided that on and after the 1st day
of January, 1875, " all newspapers and periodical
publications mailed from a known office of publica-
tion or news agency, and addressed to regular sub-
scribers or news agents," shall be divided into two
classes, and fixes the postage on each as follows:
(1.) On all newspapers and periodical publications,
addressed and mailed as above prescribed, and issued
weekly or oftener, 2 cents a pound or fraction there-
of.
(2.) On all newspapers and periodical publications,
addressed and mailed as abov-e prescribed, and isstied
less frequently than once a week, 3 cents a pound or
fraction thereof.
That on and after the 1st day of January, 1875,
upon the receipt of such newspapers and periodical
publications at the office of mailing, they shall be
weighed in bulk, and postage paid thereon by a spe-
cial adhesive stamp, to be devised and furnished by
the Postmaster-General, which shall be affixed to such
matter, or to the sack containing the same, or upon a
memorandum of such mailing, or otherwise, as the
Postmaster-General may, from time to time, provide
by regulation.
Under this section, on and after the 1st day of Jan-
uary, 1875, publishers and news agents shall tender
their newspapers aud periodicals intended to be sent
through the mails at the office of mailing, properly
assorted into the two classes described above, so that
they may be weighed in bulk separately. The post-
age thereon must be prepaid, according to the weight
of the sacks, by " special adhesive stamps," furnished
by the Department for that purpose ; ordinary post-
age stamps cannot be used for this purpose, nor can
these special adhesive stamps be used for any other
purpose.
After weighiug the mail matter (mentioned in the
foregoing fifth section) received from a publisher or
news agent, the postmaster will collect the proper
amount of postage, and give a receipt from a book of
blank forms furnished by the Department for this
purpose. The stamps will then be affixed to the stub
of the receipt, aud perforated with a punch for can-
cellation, and the blank spaces in the stub will be
properly filled.
The stub books are to be kept permanently in the
post-office, ready to be produced whenever demanded
by the Department,
Postmasters will also be required to render prompt-
ly, at the close of each quarter, on blank forms fur-
nished for the purpose, a statement of postage col-
lected from each publisher or news agent during the
quarter.
The special adhesive stamps, or newspaper and
periodical stamps, as they have been termed, will be
charged to postmasters and accounted for in the same
manner as ordinary postage stamps issued for sale to
the public.
The weights of the sacks usually employed for this
purpose (transmitting newspapers and periodicals
from the office of publication to the post-office) have
been ascertained by actually weighing them, to be as
follows :
lbs. oz.
No, 1 , jute sack 2 8
No. 2, j ute sack 2 0
lbs. oz.
No. 1, cotton 3 4
No. 2, cotton 2 8
Postmasters are authorized to deduct the weights
of the sacks as fixed above.
The proviso to section 5 of the law (above) is as
follows : That nothing in this act shall be held to
change or amend section 99 of laws and regulations
(edition 1873, page 61), as follows :
That the rate of postage on newspapers, excepting
weeklies, periodicals not exceeding two ounces in
weight, and circulars, when the same are deposited
in a letter-carrier office for delivery by the office or
its carriers, shall be uniform at one cent each : peri-
odicals weighing more than two ounces shall be sub-
ject to a postage of two cents each, and these rates
shall be prepaid by stamps.
LOCAL PAPERS, ETC., AT LETTER-CARRIER
OFFICES.
Under this section the postage on newspapers (ex-
cepting weeklies), periodicals, and circulars deposited
in a letter-carrier office for delivery by the office
(through the box or general delivery), or by its car-
riers, is as follows :
1. On newspapers (excepting weeklies), whether
regular or transient, and without regard to weight or
frequency of issue, one cent each.
2. On periodicals (other than newspapers), whether
regular or transient, not exceeding two ounces in
weight, one cent each.
8, On periodicals (other than newspapers), whether
regular or transient, exceeding two ounces in weight,
two cents each.
4. Circulars, unsealed, one cent each. These rates
to be prepaid by postage stamps affixed,
5. Weekly newspapers (excepted above) to regular
subscribers, two cents per pound, to be weighed in
bulk, and prepaid at the office of mailing.
6. Weekly newspapers to transient parties one cent
for each ounce or fraction thereof, to be prepaid by
postage stamps affixed.
That newspapers, one copy to each actual sub-
scriber residing within the county where the same
are printed, in whole or in part, and published, shall
go free through the mails ; but the same shall not be
delivered at letter-carrier offices or distributed by
carriers unless postage is paid thereon as by law pro-
vided,
COUNTY PAPERS.
Newspapers (without regard to frequency of issue),
one copy to each subscriber actually for the time be-
ing residing in the county where the same are printed,
in whole or in part, and published, are entitled to
pass free of postage through the mails ; but the rate
of postage on the same (excepting weeklies) when
deposited in a letter-carrier office for delivery by the
office or its carriers, shall be uniform, at one cent
each. Weeklies, and papers issued more frequently,
when sent through the mails to a letter-carrier office
in the county where the same are printed, in whole
or in part, and published, to be delivered through the
box or general delivery, or by carriers, shall be
weighed in bulk and be subject to a postage of two
cents per pound, and papers issued less frequently
three cents per pound, to be prepaid at the mailing
office by special adhesive stamps.
Publishers of newspapers may, without subjecting
them to extra postage, fold within their regular
issues a supplement ; but in all cases the added mat-
ter must be a genuine supplement, that is, matter sup-
plied in order to complete that to which it is added or
supplemented, but left out of the regular issue for
want of space, time, or greater convenience. As used
in relation to newspapers, a supplement is held to be
matter proper to be inserted in the newspaper to
which it is supplied, but has not been for want of
TABULAR RECORDS.
553
space, or want of time, or because it is more conve-
nient regarding space or time, or either, that it
should be printed on a separate sheet. It is not in-
dispensable, or necessary, that the sheet should be
printed at the office of the newspaper to which it is
intended to be a supplement ; but if printed there or
elsewhere, to be considered or treated as a supple-
ment it must be printed with the intention and pur-
pose only of supplying an omission in that particular
issue of the newspaper to which it professes to be a
supplement, and not for another distinct and separate
use. It should have direct relation to the paper sup-
plemented, and without which the paper supplement-
ed would be incomplete.
Publishers of newspapers cannot send specimen
numbers of their papers to postmasters and others
without prepaying postage thereon. Prospectuses of
newspapers, whether accompanying the same or sent
separately, are to be charged as circulars, and postage
required in advance
Bona fide subscribers to county newspapers can re-
ceive the same free of postage if they reside in the
county in which the paper is printed, in whole or in
part, and published, even if the office to which the
paper is sent is without the county, provided it is
the office at which they regularly receive their mail-
matter.
Publications issued without disclosing the office of
publication, or containing a fictitious statement there-
of, or issued for gratuitious distribution, must not be
forwarded unless prepaid at the mailing office at the
rate for third-class matter ; that they may be ad-
dressed to persons residing in the county with the of-
fice where they are mailed, or printed and published,
makes no difference.
RATES OF POSTAGE ON THIRD-CLASS MAT-
TER.
Mailable matter of the third class embraces all
pamphlets, occasional publications, transient news-
papers, magazines, handbills, posters, unsealed cir-
culars, prospectuses, books, book-manuscript, proof-
sheets, maps, prints, engravings, blanks, flexible pat-
terns, articles of merchandize, sample cards, phono-
graphic paper, letter envelopes, postal envelopes and
wrappers, cards, plain and ornamental paper, photo-
graphic representations of different types, seeds, cut-
tings, bulbs, roots, scions, and all other matter which
may be declared mailable by law, and all other arti-
cles not above the weight prescribed by law, which
are not, from their form or nature, liable to destroy,
deface, or otherwise injure the contents of the mail-
bag or the person of any one engaged in the postal
service. Postage, one cent for each ounce or fraction
thereof.
All packages of matter of the third class must be
so wrapped or enveloped, with open sides or ends,
that their contents may be readily and thoroughly
examined by postmasters without destroying the
wrappers ; but seeds, and other articles liable, from
their form or nature, to loss or damage unless spe-
cially protected, may be inclosed in unsealed bags or
boxes which can readily be opened for examination
of the contents and reclosed ; or sealed bags, made
of material sufficiently transparent to show the con-
tents clearly, without opening, may be used for such
matter.
No writing will be permitted upon articles of this
class, or their wrappers or envelopes, except the ad-
dress of destination. Any other writing in or upon
any package or article of this class will subject it to
letter rates of postage.
Matter of the third class inclosed in sealed envel-
opes notched at the ends or sides, or with the corners
cut off, cannot be mailed except at letter postage
rates.
Matter of the second and third classes, containing
any writing whatever, except the address, will be
charged with letter postage.
There is no objection to a business card printed or
impressed on the wrapper or envelope of any third-
class matiter, or a simple mark designed to call atten-
tion to any article in printed matter, or the correction
of a mere typographical error.
POSTAL CARDS.
The object of the postal card is to facilitate letter
correspondence and provide for the transmission
through the mails, at a reduced rate of postage, of
short communications, either printed or written in
pencil or ink. They may therefore be used for or-
ders, invitations, notices, receipts, acknowledgments,
price-lists, and other requirements of business and
social life ; and the matter desired to be conveyed
may be either in writing or in print, or partially in
both.
In their treatment as mail- matter they are to be re-
garded by postmasters the same as sealed letters,
and not as printed matter, except that in no case will
unclaimed cards he returned to the writers or sent to
the Dead Letter Office. If not delivered within sixty
days from the time of receipt they will be burned by
postmasters.
The postage of one cent each is paid by the stamp
impressed on these cards, and no other or further
payment is required.
No card is a " postal card" except such as are is-
sued by the Post-Office Department. An ordinary
printed business card may be sent through the
mails when prepaid by a one-cent postage stamp at-
tached ; but such card must contain absolutely no
written matter except the address ; otherwise it will
be treated as not fully prepaid, and refused admis-
sion into the mails.
In using postal cards, be careful not to write or
have anything printed on the side to be used for the
address, except the address ; also be careful not to
paste, gum, or attach anything to them. They are
unmailable as postal cards when these suggestions
are disregarded.
THE FOLLOWING ARTICLES ARE UNMAIL-
ABLE.
Packages containing liquids, poisons, glass, explo-
sive chemicals, live animals, sharp-pointed instru-
ments, sugar, or any other matter liable to deface or
destroy the contents of the mail, or injure the person
of any one connected with the service. All letters
upon the envelope of which, or postal card upon
which obscene, scurrilous, or abusive epithets have
been written or printed, or disloyal devices printed
or engraved, and letters and circulars concerning il-
legal lotteries so called, gift concerts, or other simi-
lar enterprises offering prizes, or concerning schemes
devised and intended to deceive and defraud the pub-
lic. Also, all obscene, lewd, or lascivious books, pam-
phlets, pictures, papers, prints, or other publications
of an indecent character.
554
TABULAR RECORDS
FOEEIGN POSTAGE TABLE,
Showing the Rates of Postage chargeable in the United States on Letters, Newspapers, etc.,
to Foreign Countries on and after July 1, 1875.
sent in the Mails
COUNTRIES OR PLACES OF DES-
TINATION.
Accra, British mail Optional.
Aden, Britisli mail via Southampton do.
British mail viaBrindisi do.
German mail — do.
Africa, west coast of, British Posses
sions, British mail do.
Foreiirn Possessions, British mail.. CouiptU&Qvy.
Al2;ena. (See France)
Argentine Conl'ederation, U. S. packet
via Brazil do.
Brit sh mail do.
Ascension, British mail do.
Aspinwall, Ntw Granada, direct mail do.
Australia, except New South Wales, via
S.ni Francisco do.
British mail via Southampton do.
British mail via Brindisi do.
* Austria Optional.
Azores. (See Portugal.)
B ihiimas. direct steamer from New York Compulsory.
Balearic Isles. (See Spain.)
=^ Belgium Optional
Belize. (See Bi itish Honduras.)
Bermuda, direct mail Compulsory.
Bogota. (See New Granada.)
Bolivia, British mail via Co'on
Borneo, British mail via Southampton..
Britisti mail via Brindisi
Brazil, direct maii^
Brazil. Bri i ish mail
British Columbia. (See Canada.)
British Honduras, British mail via St.
Thoma-*
Buenos Ayres. (See Argentine Confed-
eration.)
Burmah, German mail
Canada^
Canary Islands. (See Spain.)
Cape de Verde Isles, British mail^
Cape of Good Hope, British mail
Private ship from England
Carthagena. (See New Granada.)
Ceylon, British mail via Southampton do.
Brii ish mail via Brindisi do.
Chili, British mail via Colon ] Compulsory.
China, U. S. packet. (See Hong-Kongi
and Shanghai.)
British mail via Southampton Optional. ...
British mail via Brindisi do
Costa Rica, direct mail Compulsory.
Cuba, direct mail* do
Caracoa. direct mail ....do
British mail via St. Thomas ' do
♦Denmark ! Optional....
East Indies, British mail via S'thampton do
Ordinabt Letters.
0^
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
Optional
Compulsory.
Optional.
....do
....do
a
Destination.
do.. ,
do...,
do....
do
Port debarkat'n.
do
do
Destination
Port debarkat'n.
do....
Destination.
do...,
do....
Port debarkat'n.
Destination
Port debarkat'n.
do
do
do
Destination
Port debarkat'n.
.do.
Destination.
do....
.do.
.do.
.do.
British mail via Brindisi T do.
German mail. (See India.)
direct mail. (See Straits Settle-
ments.)
Ecuador, closed mail via Panama^ | Compulsory.
do. British mail via Colon do
* Egypt Optional
do
do
Port debarkat'n.
Destination
do
Port debarkat'n,
do
do
do
Destination
do ,
do
do
Port debarkat'n.
Destination
Cts.
15
21
27
17
15
15
2.^
27
27
5
5
15
21
5
17
27
3:^
15
27
13
17
3
11
27
11
21
27
17
27
33
5
5
5
13
5
21
27
20
17
5
Cts
Registered
Matter.
News-
papers.
Cts.
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
"io'
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
o H
«
10
10
cts.
10
10
10
10
10
o
Ozs.
4
4
4
2
Cts
4
4
Other
Printed
Matter.
2
2
2
2
2
2
= C3
03--
— tf
OL —
Cts.
4
5
8
5
4
4
10
4
4
2
3
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
10
5
1
4
4
4
5
8
10
4
10
2
Samples
OF Mer-
chandise
Ozs.
2
2
2
2
2
2
10
2
* " Other printed matter," limited to 2 pounds 3 ounces. Samples to 8?^ ounces. + Not limited.
1 Newspapers 1 cent per ounce or fraction thereof, with 1 cent added for each paper. The rates on newspapers and printed
matter cover the United States postage only.
2 No samples exceeding 8 ounces can be forwarded in the mails. Newspapers to regular subscribers go at bulk rates.
3 For registered letters the postage is 15 cents per 15 grammes.
4 Letters for Havana may be registered by British mail via St. Thomas at 13 cents per }4 ounce and 10 cents fee.
5 •' Other printed matter," not over one ounce, 2 cents ; over 1 ounce, but not over 2 ounces, 3 cents ; over 2 ounces, but not
over 4 ounces, 4 cents, being the United States postage only.
TABULAR RECORDS
555
EOKEIGN POSTAGE TABLl^.—Coiitinued.
Ordinary Letters.
J3
o
05
m
3
«
o
Cts
Regtstered
Matter.
News-
papers.
Other
Printed
Matter.
Samples
OF Mer-
chandise
COUNTRIES OR PLACES OF DES-
TINATION.
a
B
Ph
<t-i
o
a
o
*j
a
o
O
a
o
s
3
s
B
So
id 3
'-' o
a> o
f
aj
;-■
o
<o
o
a
1
12
. Cts.
10
a>
o
o
0) v
*;: y
■^ 03
oo
"So
a
Ui
OJ
t-i
.O .
— (-.
*J o
.:= Q.
be-:
> V
O
.1
a>
a,
a>
a
o
V
to
OS
1
Cts.
4
4
2
3
4
2
4
4
2
2
2
4
4
2
4
1
2
2
5
2
2
4
4
8
6
6
4
8
4
4
4
8
.....
2
2
4
4
4
2
2
2
4
a
ft
V
aj
03
O
W)
Ozs.
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
1
4
4
2
. 4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
Si "3
o -
'•*■' .-.
o o
S2
bt-
5 To
Oh ?
4
4
2
6
4
2
4
4
2
2
2
10
10
1
10
4
2
10
5
2
2
4
5
8
5
8
5
8
4
4
10
8
2
1
2
2
4
4
4
2
2
2
10
V
o
tJO
O
- o
.s-s
0,3
Falkland Islands, British mail via South-
ampton ,
Optional
Compulsory. .
...do
Destination
Port debarkat'n.
do
Cts.
15
15
5
9
15
5
8
15
5
5
5
13
13
10
13
6
5
10
17
5
5
15
27
33
27
33
27
33
15
15
13
23
10
3
5
5
15
27
11
5
6
5
13
cts.
Ozs.
4
4
t
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
t
4
1
4
t
2
4
t
4
4
4
t
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
4
Faroe Islands. (See Denmark.)
Fernando Po ....
4
Finland. (Soe Russia.)
Fiji Islands, direct, via San Francisco..
* France^
Optional. ., .
....do
Destination
do
"k
2
2
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
"io
"'io'
10
10
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
6
Gambia, British mail via Southampton.
* Germany , . . .
4
....do
do
9,
Gibraltar, British mail via Southampton.
Gold Coast, British mail
.. .do
do
4
... do
do
4
* Great Britain and Ireland ....
....do
do
9.
* Greece
....do
do
2
* Greenland. Danish mail. .. .
Compulsory.
do
Port debarkat'n.
do
2
Greytown, British mail via Colon
10
Guadaloupe, British mail via St.
Thomas
....do
do
10
Guatemala, direct maiP
do
do
Guiana, B'itish, French, and Dutch, via
St. Thomas.
.. .do
do
...
10
4
10
Havana. (See Cuba.)
Hawaiian Kingdom direct maiP
.... do
Destination
do
Heli£^(iland. (See Germany.)
♦Holland
Optional
2
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
*"i6'
2
2
2
2
Hong-Kong and Chinese ports of Can-
ton, Swatow, Amoy, and Foo-Chow
via San Francisco
Compulsory.
Optional. . ..
do
do
Iceland. (See Denmark )
India, (Hindostan, except Ceylon,) Ger-
man mail
5
* Italy
....do
do
2
Ireland. (See Great Britain.)
Jamaica, direct mail
Compulsory.
do
Optional ..
Port debarkat'n.
Destination
.do ; .
Japan, direct mail via San Francisco
British mail via Southampton ..
British mail via Brindisi.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
4
5
do
do
8
Java, British mail via Southampton
. do....
do
5
....do
do
8
Labuan. British mail vi.i Southampton .
British mail via Brindisi
..do.. .
do
5
....do
do
8
Lagos, British mail via Southampton. ..
Madeira. (See Portugal.)
Mahe. (See Mauritius.)
Majorca. (See Spain.)
Malta. (See Great Biitain and Ireland.)
Manilla. (See Philippine Islands.)
Mauritius, Britisli mail
do
do
4
....do
Compulsory.
Optional
Compulsory.
....do
do
Port debarkat'n.
Destination
Port debarkat'n.
Frontier line
Destination
do
Port debarkat'n.
Destination
do
4
10
S
Mexico, direct mail by sea*
do. by land routes
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
t
t
4
Moldavia
Optional
do
....do
2
2
10
10
10
10
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
Montenegro
9,
Morocco, British mail
4
Nassau, New Providence, direct mail.
(See Bahamas.)
Natal, British mail
Compulsory.
Optional . . .
2
10
10
10
10
*"i6'
4
Private ship from England
4
.. .do
do
2
New Brunswick, (See Canada.)
Newfoundland®
....do
do ...
2
New Granad'i, direct mail
Compulsory.
....do
Port debarkat'n.
do
9,
(except Aspinwall and Panama), via
Bri tish mai 1
10
10
* " other printed matter " limited to 2 pounds, 3 canoes. Samples to 8% ounces.
tNot limited.
1 Printed matter and samples not over 1 ounce. 2 cents ; over 1 ounce, but not over 2 ounces, 4 cents; over 2 ounces, but not
over 4 ounces, 6 cents.— Union rates after Jan. 1, 1876.
■■^ Weight of " other printed matter" limited to two pounds.
3 Tlie rates for newspapers and other printed matter cover the United States postage only. Newspapers to regular subscribers
go at hulk rates.
4 Newspapers, 1 cent x>er ounce or fraction thereof, with 1 cent added on each paper. All correspondence received from
Me.xico, whether by sea or land routes, is chargeable with domestic rates.
s Letters, postal cards, and newspapers to destination.
556
TABULAR RECORDS.
FOEEIGN POSTAGE TABL^. — Continued.
\
Ordinart Letters.
aT
Registered
Matter.
News-
papers.
Other
Printed
Matter.
Samples
ofMek-
chandise
COUNTRIES OR PLACES OF DES-
TINATION.
o
<u
B
B
o
et
o
'•5
a
o
O
a
a
>>
O
13
a
s
flj o
«
<0
V
C3
0
a;
a
00
To
01
Ph
0
a
0
a) CO
.2 ^
S-l
30
To
<v
e8
^■^
_bjDc3
'S ""
^£
Ozs.
t
4
4
t
4
4
t
4
+
t
t
4
4
4
t
4
4
4
4
t
4
4
t
4
4
4
+
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
ft
Xi
0
eS
V
G
0
«
to
ci
-►J
OQ
Ph
"o
a
c
t>
Tn
s
tr
'53
So
«i~ _,
-J .2
^"
^ 03
«i
l§
0 a>
4
5
8
4
5
8
2
2
2
10
10
5
8
2
2
10
2
2
2
1
10
2
2
4
2
4
8
5
8
2
2
4
3
3
2
10
10
2
10
2
2
10
0)
CS
a,
4)
tc
.5
e3
to
4
2
2
1*^
'o-B
0 0
cu 0
0 «
Ah ^
New South Wales direct mail
Compulsory..
....do
Port debarkat'n.
Destination
.. ..do
Cis.
12
15
21
12
15
21
5
5
5
23
17
27
33
5
5
13
5
5
5
10
13
5
5
15
12
27
10
27
33
5
5
15
7
7
5
13
23
10
13
5
5
13
Cts.
Cts.
10
10
10
10
10
10
Cts.
Ct^\
2
4
8
2
4
8
2
2
2
4
4
6
8
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
4
2
4
2
4
8
2
2
4
3
3
2
4
4
Ozs.
4
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
?
4
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
1
4
2
2
4
CT.f.
4
British mail via Southampton
5
Britisii mail via Brindi?i
... do
8
New Zealand, direct mail'
. . do..
do
British mail via Southampton
do
do
2
2
,5
British mail via Btindisi
do
do
Port debarkafn .
Destination
Port debarkat'n.
do
8
Nicarao'ua, direct mail
do
*Norwiiy
Optional.. ..
Compulsory..
. . . .do
2
10
10
10
2
4
2
2
2
2
Nova Scotia. (See Canada.)
Panama, direct mail
Paraguay, U. S. Packet via Brazil
Penang. (See Straits Settlements.)
Peru, Brititsh m'iil via Colon
10
do
..do
....
10
10
Piiilippine Islands, British mail via
Soathampt<m
...do
do
5
British mail via Brindisi
...do
.. do
8
*Polaiid
Optional.. ..
Compulsory..
do
Destination
Port debarkat'n.
do
2
10
10
3
Porto Rico, direct mail
British mail
"2"
2
2
10
10
10
10
"io'
10
10
4
2
2
2
10
*PortU!jfal
Prince Edward's Island. (See Canada.)
Queensland. (See Australia.)
*Ronmania
Optional
do
Destination
. .do
3
2
*Rassia
do
do
2
Salvador direct mail
Compulsory..
....do
Port debarkat'n.
do
Sandwich Isl's. (See Hawaiian Kincrd'm.)
Santa Martha, British mail via Colon. ..
2
2
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
2
10
Scotland. (See Great Britain.)
*Servia .
Optional
Compulsory..
Optional. . . .
Destination
do
do
2
Shanghai, direct via San Francisco. . . .
Sierra Leone, British mail via South-
ampton
2
2
2
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
Singapore. (See Straits Settlements.)
*Spain, British mail via France^
....do
do
2
Spanish Possessions, North Coast of
Africa. (See Spain.)
Spanish Postal Establishments, W. coast
Morocco. (See Spain.)
Saint Helena, British mail
... do
do
4
Straits Settlements
Compulsory..
Optional. . . .
do
do
8
British mail via Southampton
British mail via Brindisi
"2
2
10
10
10
10
'"io*
10
5
do
do
8
♦Sweden
do
do . ..
2
♦Switzerland
. . . jdo
do
2
Syria. (See Turkey.)
Tangiers, British mail via Southampton.
Tasmania. (See Australia.)
Trioolis, Italian mail
Compulsory. .
do
Port debarkat'n
Destination
do
4
3
Tunis. Italian mail
Optional . .
■'2'
10
10
10
"io"
3
do
do..
2
Turks Island. British mail via St. Thomas
Uruguay, U. S. Packet via Brazil
Compulsory..
do
Port debarkat'n .
do
do
10
10
Vancouver's Island. (See Canada.)
Van Dieman's Land. (See Australia.)
Venezuela, direct mail
, do
do. British mail via St. Thomas^. .
....do
do
2
10
10
10
4
4
+
4
4
2
2
4
4
2
10
Victoria. (See Australia.)
*Wallachia
Optional
Compulsory..
do
Destination ...
Port debarkat'n .
do
2
West Indies, direct mail
British mail via St. Thoma--
"io
4
16
* " Other printed matter." limited to 2 pounds 3 ounces. Samples to 8K ounces.
* Letters only to destination.
2 This rate on letters for Spain is in consequence of the hish transit charges payable to France,
cents will apply after January 1, 1876, when France joins the Postal Union.
' Newspapers one cetjt per ounce or fraction thereof, with one cent added per each paper.
t Not limited.
The uniform rate of five
DOMESTIC MONEY ORDERS.
Orders are issued in sums of not more than $50.
Larger amounts, not exceeding $150, can be trans-
mitted to tlie same person, at the same time, by
additional orders.
The following instructions are intended to secure
payment of the order to the rightful party, and post-
masters are required to enforce them rigidly in every
respect, so far as a due regard to public convenience
will permit. After once paying a money order, by
whomsoever presented, the Post-Office Department
will not be liabl'e to any further claim therefor.
The public are, therefore, strictly cautioned —
To take all means to prevent the loss of a money
TABULAR RECORDS.
557
order. To be careful in taking out a money order to
state correctly the given name, as well as tlie sur-
name, of tlie person in wliose favor it is drawn.
Also, to see that the name and address of the per-
son taking out the order are correctly made known to
the person in whose favor it is drawn. Neglect of
these instructions will risk the loss of money, besides
leading to delay and trouble in obtaining payment.
Individuals presenting money orders for payment
must be identified as the proper person to receive the
money.
RATES.
On orders not exceeding $10 5 cents.
Over $10 and not exceeding $20 10 cents.
Over $20 and not exceeding $30 15 cents.
Over $30 and not exceeding $40 20 cents.
Over $40 and not exceeding $50 25 cents.
FOREIGN MONEY ORDERS.
Rates of commissiom, in U. S. currency, charged
for issuing International Money Orders, to be trans-
mitted by Postmaster at New York to —
GREAT BRITAIN.
On orders not exceeding $10 25 cents.
Over $10 and not exceeding $20 50 cents.
Over $20 and not exceeding $30 75 cents.
Over $30 and not exceeding $40 $1.00
Over $40 and not exceeding $50 $1.25
GERMANY.
On orders not exceeding $5 15 cents.
Over $5 and not exceeding $10 25 cents.
Over $10 and not exceeding $20 50 cents.
Over $20 and not exceeding $30 75 cents.
Over $30 and not exceeding $40 $1.00
Over $40 and not exceeding $50 $1.25
SWITZERLAND.
On orders not exceeding $10 25 cents-
Over $10 and not exceeding $20 50 cents-
Over $20 and not exceeding $30 75 cents-
Over $30 and not exceeding $40 $1.00
Over $40 and not exceeding $50 $1.25
No fractions of cents to be introduced in an order.
United States Treasury notes or National Bank
notes only received or paid.
The applicant must in all cases write his own given
name and surname in full ; and when the given name
of the payee is known, it should be so stated, otherwise
initials may be used. The given names of married
women must be stated, and not those of their hus-
bands. For example : Mrs. ilfary Brown must not be
described as Mrs. William Brown. Names of parties
and places, and the sums, to be written in the plainest
possible manner.
REGISTERED LETTERS.
Only letters or mail matter upon which full letter
rates of postage have been paid can be registered.
([l:^°The fee upon domestic registered letters is 8
cents.
For registry fee on foreign letters, see table of
foreign postage.
Each letter registered must have the name and
address of the writer indorsed on the back.
Persons applying for registered letters must prove
their identity.
GENERAL RULES.
Postmasters are not required to receive in pay-
ment for postage mutilated notes — that is, notes not
worth their full value ; nor are they required to re-
ceive notes so much soiled or defaced that their gen-
uineness cannot be clearly ascertained.
Any inclosure in a newspaper, addressed to a reg-
ular subscriber, whether residing in or out of the
county where the same is printed and published (ex-
cept a genuine supplement thereto, and bills and
receipts for subscription), subjects the package to
letter postage.
Fractional parts of postage stamps will not be rec-
ognized in prepayment of postage.
Postmasters are not allowed to give credit for post-
age, nor to deliver any mail matter until all the post-
age thereon has been paid.
A business card impressed on the wrapper or
envelope of any printed matter, or a simple mark
designed to call attention to any article in such
printed matter, does not subject it to letter postage.
In every case of loss by mail, the office should be
immediately notified of the facts, with information as
to the contents of the letter ; when, where, and by
whom mailed, and any other information that would
assist in a thorough investigation.
Full prepayment by stamps required on all transient
printed matter foreign and domestic.
All letters not prepaid by stamps, all such as are
received in the office with stamps cut from stamped
envelopes, or with such postage stamps as were in use
prior to 1861, or with revenue stamps on them, are
treated " as unmailable " and sent to the Dead-Letter
Office.
Quarterly rates of postage cannot be received for a
less time than one quarter.
Parties claiming to have paid postage in advance
at the mailing office must produce a receipt or other
satisfactory evidence that the postage has been paid
as claimed.
All letters to be mailed must be plainly addressed,
and the name of the Post-Office, State, and County
clearly written. Care in this respect will insure the
prompt delivery of all letters, while a defective
address carries them invariably to the Dead-Letter
Office.
Any printed matter so marked or written upon as to
convey any other or further information than is con-
veyed by the original print, is subject to letter rates
of postage.
Postage stamps should be placed on the upper right
hand corner of the addressed side of an envelope.
No additional charge will be made for printing the
name and address, with request to return to writer,
on any of the envelopes furnished by the Post-Office
Department (samples of which may be seen at the
stamp window), when ordered in lots of not less than
500. The occupation of writer will not be printed.
A request for the return of a letter to the writer, if
unclaimed within thirty days or less, written or
printed, with the writer's name, post-office, and State,
on the upper left-hand corner of the envelope, on the
face side, will be complied with.
NAVY DEPARTMENT.
The duties of this Department are distributed
through the Secretary's office and eighr. bureaus,
namely : Bureau of Yards and Docks ; Bureau of
Navigation ; Bureau of Ordnance ; Bureau of Con-
struction and Repair ; Bureau of Equipment and Re-
cruiting ; Bureau of Provisions and Clothing ; Bureau
of Steam Engineering ; and Bureau of Medicine and
Surgery.
SECRETARY'S OFFICE.
The Secretary of the Navy has charge of every
558
TABULAR RECORDS.
thing connected witli the naval establishment, and all
the duties of the several bureaus are performed un-
der his authority, and their orders are considered as
emanating from him. The Secretary issues all in-
structions to commanders of squadrons and vessels ;
appointments of officers ; commissions ; requisitions
for money, etc. The general superintendence of the
Marine Corps attaches to the Secretary, and the orders
of the commandant of that corps are approved by
him. He is assisted in his duties by no Assistant
Secretary.
BUREAU OF YARDS AND DOCKS.
This bureau has charge of the navy yards, includ-
ing the docks, wharves, buildings, and machinery ;
the regulation of labor, and the general police of the
yard. The Naval Asylum is attached to this bureau,
BUREAU OF NAVIGATION.
This bureau has charge of the maps, charts, navi-
gating instruments, flags, signals, etc. The Naval
Academy, Naval Observatory, and Nautical Almanac
are attached to it.
BUREAU OF ORDNANCE.
This bureau has charge of ordnance and ordnance
stores, the manufacture and purchase of cannon,
guns, powder, shot, shell, etc.
BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR.
This bureau has charge of the construction and re-
pair of all vessels-of war.
BUREAU OF EQUIPMENT AND RECRUITING.
This bureau has charge of the enlistment of men
for the navy ; the equipment of vessels, including an-
chors, cables, rigging, sails, coal, etc.
BUREAU OF PROVISIONS AND CLOTHING.
All provisions for the use of the navy, clothing,
and small stores, come under the charge of this
bureau.
BUREAU OF STEAM ENGINEERING.
The construction and repair of steam-engines for
the navy, whether in the navy-yards or on contract,
come under this bureau.
BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY.
Everything relating to medicines and medical
stores, treatment of sick and wounded, management
of hospitals, etc, comes within the superintendence
of this bureau.
MARINE CORPS.
This corps is attached to the navy, and the imme-
diate supervision of all the duties connected with it
is vested in a colonel commandant, whose orders for
duty are approved by the Secretary of the Navy.
The National Observatory and the Hydrographic
Office are also under the supervision of the Navy De-
partment.
WAR DEPARTMENT.
This Department is in charge of the Secretary of
War, and no regular Assistant. The following bu-
reaus are attached to this Department :
COMMANDING-GENERAL'S OFFICE.
The duties of this officer comprise the arrangement
of the military forces, and the superintendence of the
recruiting service ; he attends to the discipline of the
army ; orders courts-martial ; and it is his province
to see that the laws and regulations of the army are
enforced. This office is usually located in Washing-
ton, but wherever it may be, it is called the Head-
quarters of the Army.
ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE.
In this office are kept all the records which refer to
the personnel of the army, the rolls, etc., and where
all military commissions are made out ; all orders
which emanate from head-quarters of the War De-
partment proper, pass through this office ; and here
are received all the annual returns from the army
and militia of the United States.
QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE.
The objects of this bureau are to insure an efficient
pystem of supply, and to give facility and effect to
the movements and operations of the army. It also
has control of the barracks, and furnishes the cloth-
ing and all transportation that may be required for
the army.
PAYMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE.
All the disbursements in money are made to the
army from this office,
SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.
This office is charged with the duty of purchasing
and issuing all rations to the army.
SURGEON-GENERAL'S OFFICE.
All matters connected with medicine and surgery
are under the control of this office, as well as the
management of the sick and wounded, and also all the
hospitals.
ENGINEER'S OFFICE.
In addition to a general direction of all matters con-
nected with the Engineer Corps of the army, this
office is also charged with the care of the Military
Academy at West Point.
TOPOGRAPHICAL OFFICE.
This bureau has charge of all topographical opera-
tions and surveys for military purposes, and for pur-
poses of internal improvement, and of all maps,
drawings, and documents relating to those duties.
ORDNANCE OFFICE.
This office is charged with control of arsenals and
armories, the manufacture of arms and cannon and
the custody of ordnance stores.
To the above should be added the Bureau of Mili-
tary Justice and the Signal Office.
TABULAR RECORDS.
559
SETTLEMENT OF STATES AND TERRITORIES.
THE THIRTEEN ORIGINAL STATES THAT FORMED AND CONFIRMED THE UNION, BY THE ADOPTION
OP THE CONSTITUTION, ARE AS FOLLOWS :
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
First settled at Dover and Portsmouth, in 1623, bj
the English Puritans.
Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts,
and continued under the same jurisdiction until Sep-
tember 18, 1679, when a separate charter and govern-
ment was granted. A Constitution was formed, Janu-
ary 5, 1776, which was altered in 1784, and was fur-
ther altered and amended, February 13, 1792.
This State ratified the Constitution of the United
States, June 21, 1788.
Area, 9,280 square miles. Population in 1850,
317,976 ; 1860, 326,073 ; 1870, 318,300.
-^ MASSACHUSETTS.
First settled at Plymouth, by English Puritans
from Holland, who landed, December 22, 1620.
Chartered, March 4, 1629 ; also chartered, January
30, 1630 ; an explanatory charter granted, August 20,
1726 ; and more completely chartered, October 7,
1731. Form(id a Constitution, March 2, 1780, which
was altered and amended, November 3, 1820, and on
several occasions since that time.
Ratified the Constitution of the United' States, Feb-
ruary 6, 1798.
Area, 7,800 square miles. Population in 1850,
994,514; 1860,1,231,066; 1870,1,457,351.
" RHODE ISLAND.
First settled at Providence, in 1636, by Roger Wil-
liams and the English.
Was chartered by Parliament in 1644; by King
Charles II. in 1663, which charter was abrogated in
1776. Had an unwritten Constitution until 1842,
when a written Constitution was adopted.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, May
39, 1790.
Area, 1,306 square miles. Population in 1850,
147,545 ; 1860, 174,620 ; 1870, 217,353.
CONNECTICUT.
First settled at Windsor, in 1635, by English Puri-
tans.
Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts,
and continued under the same jurisdiction until April
23, 1662, when a separate charter was granted, which
continued in force until a Constitution was formed,
September 15, 1818.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, Jan-
uary 9, 1788.
Area, 4,750 square miles. Population in 1850,
370,792; 1860,460,147; 1870, 537,454.
\ NEW YORK.
First settled on Manhattan Island, in 1614, by the
Dutch.
Granted to Duke of York, March 20, 1664, April 26,
1664, and June 24, 1664. Newly patented, February
9, 1674 ; formed a Constitution, April 20, 1777, which
was amended October 27, 1801, and further amended
November 10, 1821. A new Constitution was formed
in 1846.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, July
26, 1788.
Area, 47,000 square miles. Population in 1850,
3,097,394 ; 1860, 3,880,735; 1870, 4,382,759.
( NEW JERSEY.
First settled at Bergen, in 1620, by the Swedes,
Dutch, and Danes.
Held under the same grants as New York ; sepa-
rated into East and West Jersey, March 3, 1677. The
government surrendered to the Crown in 1702, and so
continued until the formation of a Constitution, July
2, 1776.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States,
December 18, 1787.
Area, 8,320 square miles. Population in 1850,
489,555 ; 1860, 672,035 ; 1870, 906,096.
7 PENNSYLVANIA.
First settled on the Delaware River, in 1682, by
William Penn and the English.
Chartered, February 28, 1681 ; formed a Constitution,
September 28, 1776 ; amended, September 2,1790, and
in 1838, and 1857.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, De-
cember 12, 1787.
Area, 46,000 square miles. Population in 1850,
2,311,786 ; 1860, 2,906,115 ; 1870, 3,521,791.
, DELAWARE.
First settled at Cape Henlopen, in 1627, by Swedes
and Finns.
Embraced in the charter and continued under the
government of Pennsylvania until, the formation of a
Constitution, September 20, 1776 ; a new Constitution
formed, June 12, 1792, and amended in 1831.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, De-
cember 7, 1787.
Area 2.120 square miles. Population in 1850, 91,-
532 ; 1860, 112,216 ; 1870, 125,015.
9
MARYLAND.
First settled at St. Mary, in 1634, by Roman Catho-
lics and English,
Chartered, June 20, 1632 ; formed a Constitution,
August 14, 1775, which was amended in 1795 and 1799,
and further amended in November, 1812 and 1851.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, April
28, 1788.
Area, 11,124 square miles. Population in 1850,
583,034 ; 1860, 687,049 ; 1870, 780,894.
New 'Constitution, abolishing slavery, adopted in
September, 1864.
VIRGINIA.
First settled at Jamestown, in 1607, by the English.
Chartered. April 10, 1606, May 23, 1609, and March
12, 1612 ; formed a Constitution, July 5, 1776 ; amended,
January 15, 1830.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, June
26, 1788.
Area, 61,352 square miles. Population in 1850,
1,421,661 ; 1860, 1,596,318 ; 1870, 1,225,163.
Seceded, April, 1861.
// NORTH CAROLINA.
First settled in AU^emarle, in 1650, by the English.
Chartered, March 20, 1663, and June 30, 1665; formed
a Constitution, December 18, 1776, which was amend-
ed in 1845.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, No-
vember 21, 1789.
Area, 50,704 square miles. Population in 1850,
869,839 ; 1860, 992,622 ; 1870, 1,071,361.
Seceded, May, 1861. Re-admitted, June, 1868.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
First settled at Port Royal, in 1670, by the Hugue-
nots ; in 1689 by the English.
/
560
TABULAR RECORDS
Embraced in the charters of Carolina or North Caro-
lina, from which it was separated in 1729 ; formed a
Constitution, March 26, 1776, which was amended,
March 19, 1778, and June 3, 1790.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, May
23, 1788.
. Area, 34,000 square miles. Population in 1850,
668,507 ; 1860, 703,708 ; 1870, 705,606.
Seceded November, 1860. Re-admitted June, 1868.
/ '^ GEORGIA.
First settled at Savannah, in 1733, by Oglethorpe
and English.
Chartered June 9, 1732 ; formed a Constitution,
February 5, 1777, a second in 1785, a third May 30,
1793, and amended in 1839.
Ratified the Constitution of the United States, Janu-
ary 2, 1788.
Area, 58,000 square miles. Population in 1850,
906,185; 1860,1,057,286; 1870, 1,184,109.
Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868.
THE STATES ADMITTED INTO THE UNION SINCE THE
ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION AKE
AS FOLLOWS :
VERMONT.
First settled at Fort Dummer, in 1764, by English
from Connecticut, and under grants from New
Hampshire.
Formed from territory of New York.
Admitted March 4, 1791.
A Constitution adopted July 9, 1793.
Area, 10,212 square miles. Population in 1850,
314,130 ; 1860, 315,098; 1870, 330,551.
KENTUCKY.
First settled near Lexington, in 1765.
Formed from territory of Virginia.
Admitted June 1, 1792.
A Constitution laid before Congress, November 7,
1792.
A new Constitution adopted, August 17, 1799.
Area, 37,680 square miles. Population in 1850,
982,405 ; 1860, 1,155,684 ; 1870, 1,321,011.
fC TENNESSEE.
First settled at Fort Donelson, in 1756.
Formed from territory of North Carolina in 1790.
Adopted a Constitution, February 6, 1769, and
amended in 1835.
Admitted June 1, 1796.
Area, 45,600 square miles. Population in 1850,
1,002,717; 1860, 1,109,801; 1870,1,258,520.
Seceded June, 1861. Re-admitted July, 1866.
OHIO.
First settled at Marietta, in 1788.
Formed from North-west Territory. Organized as
Territory by ordinance of 1787.
Adopted a Constitution, November 1, 1802 ; adopted
a new one in 1851.
Admitted November 30, 1802.
Area, 39,964 square miles. Population in 1850,
1,980,329 ; 1860, 2,339,502; 1870,2,665,260.
f ; LOUISIANA.
First settled at Iberville, in 1 699.
Formed from French territory. Organized as Ter-
ritory March 3, 1805.
Adopted a Constitution, January 22, 1812, and
amended it in 1845 and 1852. A new Constitution
formed in 1864.
Admitted April 8, 1812.
Area, 41,346 square miles. Population in 1850,
517,762 ; 1860, 708,002.
Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868.
INDIANA.
First settled at Vincennes, in 1730.
Formed from North-west Territory. Organized as
Territory May 7, 1800.
Adopted a Constitution, June 29, 1816, and amended
in 1851.
Admitted December 11, 1816.
Area, 33,809 square miles. Population in 1850,
988,416 ; 1860, 1,350,428 ; 1870, 1,680,637.
MISSISSIPPL
First settled at Natchez, in 1716.
Formed from territory of South Carolina and
Georgia. Organized as Territory, April 7, 1798.
Adopted a Constitution, March 1, 1817, and amended
in 1832.
Admitted December 10, 1817.
Area, 47,156 square miles. Population in 1850,
606,526; 1860, 791,305; 1870, 827,922.
Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted.
ILLINOIS.
First settled at Kaskaskia, in 1720, by French.
Formed from North-west Territory. Organized as
Territory February 3, 1809.
Adopted a Constitution, August 26, 1818.
Admitted December 3. 1818.
Area, 55,410 square miles. Population in 1850,
851,470; 1860, 1,711,951; 1870,2,539,891.
^ ^
ALABAMA.
First settled near Mobile, in 1702, by French.
Formed from territory of South Carolina and
Georgia, and for two years bore the name of Missis-
sippi Territory. Organized as Territory March 3, 1817.
Adopted a Constitution, August 2, 1819.
Admitted December 14, 1819.
Area, 50,722 square miles. Population in 1850,
771,623; 1860, 964,201 ; 1870, 996,992.
Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868.
? '^ MAINE.
First settled at Bristol, in 1624, by the English.
Formed from Territory of Massachusetts.
Adopted a Constitution, October 29, 1819.
Admitted March 3, 1820.
Area, 35,000 square miles. Population in 1850,
583,169 ; 1860, 628,279 ; 1870, 629,915.
MISSOURI.
First settled at St. Louis, in 1764, by French.
Formed from French territory. Organized as Ter-
ritory June 4, 1812.
Adopted a Constitution, July 10, 1820.
Admitted March 2, 1821.
Area, 65,350 square miles. Population in 1850,
682,044 ; 1860, 1,182,012 ; 1870, 1,721,295.
Ordinance abolishing slavery adopted in January,
1865.
7 ) ARKANSAS.
First settled at Arkansas Post, in 1685, by the
French.
Formed from French territory, the Louisiana pur-
chase. Organized as Territory, March 2, 1819.
Presented a Constitution, March 1, 1836.
Admitted June 15, 1836.
Area, 52,198 square miles. Population in 1850,
209,897; 1860, 435,450; 1870,484,471.
Seceded, March, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868.
> '• MICHIGAN.
First settled on the Detroit River, in 1650, by the
French.
Formed from territory originally belonging to Vir-
ginia. Organized as Territory, January 11, 1805.
TABULAR RECORDS.
561
Presented a memorial for admission, January 25,
1833, with a Constitution, which was revised in 1850.
Admitted January 26, 1837.
Area, 56,451 square miles. Population in 1850,
897,654; 1800,749.013; 1870, 1,184,059.
7^ -> FLORIDA.
Discovered in 1497, and first explored by Ponce de
Leon in 1512. Settled by the Spaniards.
Formed from Spanish territory. Organized as Ter-
ritory, March 30, 1822.
Presented a Constitution, February 20, 1839.
Admitted March 3, 1845.
Area, 59,268 square miles. Population in 1850,
87,445 ; 1860. 140,425 ; 1870, 187,748.
Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868.
Vt
TEXAS.
First settled in 1792, by Spaniards.
Was an Independent Republic after passing from
Mexico,
Admitted December 29, 1845.
Area, 274,356 square miles. Population in 1850,
212,592 ; 1860, 604,215 ; 1870, 818,579.
Seceded February, 1861. Re-admitted.
WISCONSIN.
First settled at Green Bay, in 1670.
Formed from Indian territory. Organized as Ter-
ritory, April 20, 1836.
Adopted a Constitution, January 21, 1847.
Admitted March 3, 1847.
Area, 53,924 square miles. Population in 1850,
305,391; 1860, 775,881 ; 1870, 1,054,670.
^> • IOWA.
First settled at Galena and Dubuque.
Formed from Indian territory. Organized as Ter-
ritory, June 12, 1808.
Presented a Constitution, December 9, 1844.
Admitted December 28, 1846.
Area, 55,045 square miles. Population in 1850,
192,214; 1860, 674,948; 1870, 1,191,792.
^ ' CALIFORNIA.
First settled on the Pacific slope by Spaniards.
Formed from Mexican territory.
Adopted a Constitution, November 13, 1849.
Admitted September 9, 1850.
Area, 188,981 square miles. Population in 1850,
92,597 ; 1860, 305,439 ; 1867, 493,992 ; 1870, 560,247.
MINNESOTA.
First settled on the St. Peter's River, in 1805.
Formed from Indian territory. Organized as Ter-
ritory, March 3, 1849.
Admitted February 26, 1857.
Area, 83,531 square miles. Population in 1850,
6,079 ; 1860, 173,855 ; 1870, 439,706.
i» ''
OREGON.
First settled by Spaniards.
Formed from Indian territory. Organized as Ter-
ritory, August 14, 1848.
Adopted a Constitution in November, 1857.
Admitted February 14, 1859.
Area, 95,274 square miles. Population in 1850,
12,093 ; 1860, 52,465 ; 1867, 78,697 ; 1870, 190,993.
'b^'
KANSAS.
Formed from Indian territory. Organized as Ter-
ritory, May 30, 1854.
Admitted January 29, 1861.
Area, 81,318 square miles. Population in 1860,
107,206 ; 1870, 364,399.
WEST VIRGINIA.
Formed from the State of Virginia.
Admitted December 31, 1862.
Area, 23,000 square miles. Population in 1860,
376,688 ; 1870, 442,014.
NEVADA.
Formed from Indian territory, March 2, 1861.
Admitted March 21, 1864.
Area, 112,090 square miles. Population in 1863,
40,000; 1867,41,142; 1870,42,491.
/ ' NEBRASKA.
Formed from Indian territory.
Organized as a Territory, May 30, 1854.
Admitted March 1, 1867.
Area, 75,995 square miles. Population in 1860,
28,841 ; 1870, 122,993.
TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
UTAH.
Organized September 9, 1850.
Area, 88,056 square miles. Population in 1850,
11,380 ; 1867, estimated not including Indians, 80,-
546; 1870, 86,786.
NEW MEXICO.
Organized September 9, 1850.
Area, 124,450 square miles. Population in 1850,
61,547 ; 1867, estimated not including Indians, 93,-
516; 1870,91,874.
WASHINGTON.
Organized November 2, 1853.
Area, 69,994 square miles. Population in 1850,
1,201 ; 1867, estimated not including Indians, 17,391 ;
1870,23,955.
COLORADO.
Organized February 28, 1861.
Area, 104,500 square miles. Population in 1867,
estimated not including Indians, 37,391 { 1870, 39,864.
36
The proper laws have been passed which will admit'
this Territory into the Union during the year 1876.
DAKOTA.
Organized March 2, 1861.
Area, 240,595 square miles. Population in 1867;.
not including Indians, 5,321 ; 1870, 14,181
ARIZONA.
Organized February 24, 1863.
Area, 113,916 square miles. Population in 18&7,
not including Indians, 5,000.
IDAHO.
Organized May 26, 1864.
Area, 90,932 square miles. Population in 18S7, in-
cluding Indians, 20,000; 1870, 15,000, not including
Indians.
MONTANA.
Organized May 26, 1864.
Area, 143,776 square miles. Population in 1867,
TABULAR RECORDS.
including Indians, 30,000 ; 1870, not including In-
dians, 20,595.
WYOMING.
Organized in 1868.
Area, 100.000 square miles. Estimated popula-
tion, 1870, 9,118.
ALASKA.
Obtained by treaty from Russia, 1867.
Area, 377,390 square miles. Population in 1870,
70,000, estimated.
INDIAN.
Area, 68,991 square miles. Population unknown.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Established under tbe First Article of the Consti-
tution of the United States: "Congress shall have
power to exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases
whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten
miles square) as may, by cession of particular States,
and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of
the Government of the United States," etc. In pur-
suance of which provision the State of Maryland,
December 23, 1788, passed " An act to cede to Con-
gress a district of ten miles square in this State, for
the seat of the Government of the United States."
And the State of Virginia, December 3, 1789,
passed "An act for the cession of ten miles square,
or any lesser quantity of territory within this State,
to the United States in Congress assembled, for the
permanent seat of the General Government."
These cessions were accepted by Congress, as re-
quired by the Constitution, and the permanent seat of
Government established by the "Act for establishing
the temporary and permanent seat of the Govern-
ment of the United States," approved July 16, 1790 ;
and the act to amend the same, approved March 3,
1791.
The district of ten miles square was accordingly
located, and its lines and boundaries particularly
established by a proclamation of George Washington,
President of *the United States, March 30, 179C and
by the "Act concerning the District of Columbia,"
approved February 27, 1801, Congress assumed com-
plete jurisdiction over the said district, as contem-
plated by the framers of the Constitution.
Area, originallv 100 square miles, now about 60.
Population in 1850, 51,687; 1860, 75,080; 1866, 118,-
867 ; 1870, 131,700.
In 1846 that portion of the District lying south of
the Potomac Avas retroceded to Virginia by act of
Congress. Slavery was abolished in this District by
an act of Congress, approved April 16 1862.
COUNTIES AND TOWNS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1870.
Counties 2,164
Average area, in miles 829
Average population 17,613
Towns 20,300
Average area, in miles 69
Average population 169
INCREASE OF AREA OF THE UNITED STATES.
The United States commenced its career as an ac-
knowledged Government with a landed area of 827,-
844 square miles ; cession by France in 1803, 1,171,931
square miles, and cost, $23,500,000 ; cession i\y Spain
in 1819, 59,268 square miles, and cost, $6,500,000 ; an-
nexation of Texas in 1845, 376,163 square miles ;
cession of Mexico in 1848, 591,318 square miles, and
cost, $15,000,000 ; cession by Russia in 1867, 577,390
square miles, and cost, $7,200,000. Total area, includ-
ing lakes and rivers, 4,000,000 square miles.
ORIGIN OF THE NAMES OF STATES.
Maine was so called as early as 1623, from Maine,
in France, of which Henrietta Maria, Queen of Eng-
land, was at that time proprietor. Popular names —
The Lumber or Pine Tree State.
New Hampshire was the name given to the terri-
tory conveyed by the Plymouth Company to Captain
Jolin Mason, by patent, November 7, 1629, with
reference to the patentee, who was Governor of Ports-
mouth, in Hampshire. England. Popular name — The
Granite State.
Vermont was so called by the inhabitants in their
Declaration of Independence, January 16, 1777, from
the French i^erd m^ont, the Green Mountains. Popu-
lar name — The Green Mountain State.
.Massachusetts was so called from Massachusetts
Bay, and that from the Massachusetts tribe of In-
dians, in the neighborhood of Boston. The tribe is
thought to have derived its name from the Blue Hills
of Milton. " I had learnt," says Roger Williams,
" that the Massachusetts was so called from the Blue
Hills." Popular name — The Bay Sate.
Mhode Island was so called, in 1664, in reference to
the Rhode Island of Rhodes, in the Mediterranean.
Popular name — Little Rhody.
Connecticut was so called from the Indian name of
its princi|)al river. Connecticut is a Mocheakannew
word, signifying long river. Popular names — The
Nutmeg or Free Stone State.
JVew York was so called, in 1664, in reference to
the Duke of York and Albany, to whom this ter-
ritory was granted by the King of England. Popu-
lar names — The Empire or Excelsior State.
New Jersey was so called, in 1664, from the Island
of Jersey, on the coast of France, the residence of Sir
George Carteret, to whom the territory was granted.
Pennsylvania was so called, in 1681, after William
Penn. Popular name — The Keystone State.
Delaware was so called, in 1703, from Delaware
Bay, on which it lies, and which received its name
from Lord de la War, who died in this bay. Popular
names — The Blue Hen, or Diamond State.
Maryland was so called in honor of Henrietta
Maria, Queen of Charles I., in his patent to Lord
Baltimore, June 30, 1632.
TABULAR RECORDS.
563
Virginia was so called, in 1584, after Elizabetli,
tbe Virgin Queen of England. Popular names — The
Old Dominion, or Mother of States.
Carolina was so called by the French, in 1564, in
honor of King Charles IX. of France. Popular name
of South Carolina — The Palmetto State ; of North
Carolina — The Old North, or Turpentine State.
Georgia was so called, in 1732, in honor of King
George II.
Alabama was so called, in 1814, from its principal
river, meaning Jiere we rest.
Mississippi was so called, in 1800, from its western
boundary. Mississippi is said to denote the whole
river, that is, the river formed by the union of many.
Popular name — The Bayou State.
Louisiana was so called in honor of Louis XIV. of
France. Popular name — The Creole State.
Tennessee was so called, in 1796, from its principal
river. The word Ten-as-se is said to signify a curved
spoon. Popular name — The Big Bend State.
Kentucky was so called, in 1792, from its principal
river. Popular name — The State of the Dark and
Bloody Ground.
Illinois was so called, in 1809, from its principal
river. This word is said to signify the river of men.
Popular names — The Sucker, or Prairie State.
Indiana was so called, in 1809, from the American
Indians. Popular name — The Hoosier State.
Ohio was so called, in 1802, from its southern
boundary. Popular name — The Buckeye State. Mean-
ing of Indian word Ohio-i, Beauti/id.
Missouri was so called, in 1821, from its principal
river. Indian name, meaning muddy water.
Michigan was so called, in 1805, from the lake on
its border. Indian name, meaning a weir for fish.
Popular name — The Wolverine State.
Arkansas was so called, in 1812, from its principal
river. Indian name. Popular name — The Bear State.
Florida was so called by Juan Ponce de Leon, in
1572, because it was discovered on Easter Sunday ;
in Spanish, Pascua Florida.
Wisconsin was so called from its principal river.
Indian name, meaning wild rushing river. Popular
name — The Badger State.
loica was so called from its principal river. Indian
name, meaning the sleepy ones. Popular name — Hawk-
eye State.
Oregon was so called from its principal river. In-
dian name, meaning river of the west.
Minnesota is also an Indian word, meaning the
whitish icater. Popular name — Gopher State.
California, a Spanish word, and named from an arm
of the Pacific Ocean. Popular name — The Golden
State.
Texas, a Spanish word applied to the Republic.
Popular name — The Lone Star State,
Kansas is an Indian name, meaning the smoky water.
Popular name — Jayhawker State.
West Virginia. So called after Virginia.
Nevada is a Spanish word, meaning white with snow.
Popular name — Sage Hen State.
Nebraska — an Indian word.
LENGTH AND COST OF AMERICAN WARS.
1. War of the Revolution
2. Indian War in Ohio Ter
3. War with the Barbary States
4. Teciimseh Indian War
5. War with Great Britain.
6. Algerine War
7. First Seminole War
Black Hawk War
Second Seminole War
Mexican War
Mormon War
War of the Rebellion
Length.
7 years— 1775-1782
1790
1803-1804
1811
3year8--l8l2-1815
1815
1817
1832
1845
2 years— 1846-1848
1856
4 years— 1861-1865
Cost.
$135,193,703
107,159,003
66,000,000
3,000,000,000
The following list comprises all the battles for free-
dom that took place from April 19, 1775, and closing
October 19, 1781 — six years and six months. The
British sent 134,000 soldiers and sailors to this war.
The Colonists met them with 230,000 Continentals
and 50,000 militia. The British let loose Indians and
Hessians. The colonies had for their allies the brave
and courteous Frenchmen. The leading battles of
the war, those particularly worthy of celebration, are
Concord and Lexington, Bunker Hill, Long Island,
White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Bennington, Sara-
toga, Monmouth, King's Mountain, Cowpens, Eutaw
Springs, Yorktown. These are of national interest.
Many of the others are local.
Lexington (first skirmish) April 19, 1775
Ticonderoga May 10, 1775
Bunker Hill June 17, 1775
Montreal (Ethan Allen taken) Sept. 25, 1775
St. Johns besieged and captured Nov. 3, 1775
Great Bridge, Va Dec. 9, 1775
Quebec (Montgomery killed) Dec. 31, 1775
Moore's Creek Bridge Feb. 27, 1776
Boston (British fled) Mar. 17, 1776
Fort Sullivan, Charleston June 28, 1776
Long Island Aug. 27, 1776
Harlem Plains Sept. 16, 1776
White Plains Oct. 28, 1776
Fort Washington Nov. 16
Trenton Dec. 27
Princeton Jan. 3
Hubbardton July 7
Bennington -A^^g. 16
Brandywine Sept. 11
First Battle of Saratoga Sei)t. 19
Paoli Sept. 20
German town Oct. 4
Forts Clinton and Montgomery taken. .Oct. 6
Second Battle of Saratoga Oct. 7
Surrender of Burgoyne Oct. 13
Fort Mercer Oct. 32
Fort Mifflin Nov. . .
Monmouth June 28
Wyoming July 4
Quaker Hill, R. I Aug. 29
Savannah Dec. 29
Kettle Creek, Ga Feb. 14
Brier Creek Mar. 3
Stony Ferry June 20
Stony Point July 16
Paulus' Hook Aug. 13
Chemung (Indians) Aug. 29
Savannah Aug. 9
Charlestown (surrendered to the British)May 12
Springfield June 28
Rocky Mount July 30
Hanging Rock Aug. 6
Sanders' Creek, near Camden Aug. 16
King's Mountain Oct. 7
Fish Dam Ford, Broad River Nov. 18
Plackstocks Nov. 20
Cowpens Jan. 17
Guiboro Mar. 15
Hooldrk's Hill April 25
Ninety-Six (besieged) May and June
Augusta (besieged) May and June
Jamestown July 9
Eutaw Springs Sept. 8
Yorktown (Cornwallis surrendered) Oct. 19
1776
1776
1777
1777
1777
1777
1777
1777
1777
1777
1777
1777
1777
1777
1778
1778
1778
1778
1779
1779
1779
1779
1779
1779-
1779
1780
1780
1780
1780
1780
1780
1780
1780
1781
1781
1781
1781
1781
1781
1781
178.1
564
TABULAR RECORDS.
CHIEF COMMANDERS OE THE ARMY.
The following is a complete list of the various of-
ficers wlio have commanded the army of the United
States since the foundation of our service to the
present time, giving the rank held by each, with the
period of command : General and Commander-in-
Chief, George Washington, June 15, 1775, to the close
of the Revolution. From that date to September,
1789, the army consisted of eight companies of in-
fantry and a battalion of artillery (act of September,
1785), when Brevet Brigadier-General Josiah Harmer,
lieutenant-colonel commandant of the infantry, was
assigned and held until March, 1791. Major-General
Arthur St. Clair, March, 1791, to March, 1792, when
he resigned. Major-General Anthony Wayne, March,
1792, to December 15, 1796, when he died at a hut on
the bank of Lake Erie, in Pennsylvania, while en
route from Maumee to the East. JBrigadier-General
James Wilkinson, December 16, 1796, to July 2, 1798.
Lieutenant-General George Washington, July 3,
1798, till his death, December 4. 1799. Brigadier-
General James Wilkinson (again), June, 1800, to Jan-
uary, 1812, when he was promoted to major-general.
Major-General Henry Dearborn, January, 1812, to
June, 1815, when he was mustered out. Major-Gen-
eral Jacob Brown, June, 1815, till his death, Febru-
ary, 24, 1828. Major-General Alexander Macomb,
May, 1828, until his death, in June, 1841. Major-
General Winfield Scott, June 25, 1841, to November
1, 1861, being also brevet lieutenant-general from
May, 1861. Major-General Geo. B. McClellan, No-
vemijer 1, 1861, to March 11. 1862. Major-General
Henry W. Halleck, July 23, 1862, to March 12, 1864.
Lieutenant-General U. S. Grant (appointed General
July 25, 1866), March 12, 1864, to March 4, 1869.
General William T. Sherman, March 8, 1869, to
present date.
PROGRESS OF POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES.
FROM 1780 TO 1880.
Estimated Population in 1780, 3,070,000.
FiKST Census, August 1, 1790.
Free States..
Slave States.
Free
Whites. Colored,
1,900,772 26,831
1,271,692 32,635
Slaves. Total.
40,850 1,968,453
645,047 1,961,374
Total.... 3,172,464 59,446 697,897 3,929,827
Second Census, August 1, 1800.
Free States... 2,601,509 47,154 35,946 2,684,609
Slave States.. 1,702,980 61,241 , 857,095 2,621,316
Total.... 4,304,489 108,395 893,041 5,305,925
Third Census, August 1, 1810.
Free States... 3,653,219 78,181 27,510 3,758,910
Slave States.. 2,208,785 108,265 1,163,854 3,480,904
Total.... 5,862,004 186,446 1,191,364 7,239,814
Fourth Census, August 1, 1820.
Free States... 5,030,371 102,893 19,108 5,152,372
Slave States.. 2,842,340 135,434 1,524,580 4,502,224
Total.... 7,872,711 238,197 1,543,688 9,654,596
Fifth Census, June 1, 1830.
Free States... 6,876,620 137,529 3,568 7,017,717
Slave States.. 3,360,758 182,070 2,005,475 5,848,303
Total.... 10,537,378 319,599 2,009,043 12,866,020
Sixth Census, June 1, 1840.
Free States... 9,557,065 170,727 1,129 9,728,921
Slave States.. 4,632,640 215,568 2,486,226 7,334,434
Total. ...14,189,705 386,295 2,487,355 17,063,355
Seventh Census, June 1, 1850.
Free States... 13,330,650 190,308 262 13,527,220
Slave States.. 6,222,418 238,187 3,204,051 9,664,654
Total.... 19,553,068 434,495 3,204,313 23,191,874
Eighth Census, June 1, 1860.
Total Population 31,443,322
Total White Population 26,973.843
Total Free Colored Population 487,970
Total Free Population 27,461 ,813
Total Slave Population 3,953.760
Total Colored Population 4,447,730
Ninth Census, June 1, 1870.
Total Population of the United States 38,558,344
Estimated Population in 1880 50,858,000
DENSITY OF POPULATION.
According to the census of 1870, the persons to a
square mile in each State and Territory of the United
States were as follows :
States. — Alabama, 19.66 ; Arkansas, 9.30 ; Califor-
nia, 2.29 ; Connecticut, 113.15 ; Delaware, 58.97 ;
Florida, 3.17 ; Georgia, 20.42 : Indiana, 49.71 ; Iowa,
21.69; Kansas, 4.48; Kentucky, 35.33; Louisiana,
17.58 ; Maine, 17.91 ; Maryland, 70.20 ; Massachusetts,
186.84; Michigan, 20.97; Minnesota, 5.26 ; Missis-
sippi, 17.56; Missouri, 26.34; Nebraska, 1.62: Ne-
vada, 0.41 ; New Hampshire, 34.30 ; New Jersey,
108.91 ; New York, 93.25 ; North Carolina, 21.13 ;
Ohio, 66.69 ; Oregon, 0.95 ; Pennsylvania, 76.56 ;
Rhode Island, 166.43; South Carolina, 20.75; Ten-
nessee, 27.60 ; Texas, 2.98 ; Vermont, 32.37 ; Vir-
ginia, 31.95 ; West Virginia, 19.22; and Wisconsin,
19.56.
Territories. — Alaska (unorganized) ; Arizona, 0.08 ;
Colorado, 0.38; Dakota, 0.09; District of Columbia,
2057.81; Idaho, 0.17; Montana, 0.14; New Mexico,
0.76; Utah, 1.03; Washington, 0.34 ; and Wyoming,
0.09.
TABULAR RECORDS.
565
POPULATION OF THE SEVERAL STATES, THE RATIO OF REPRESENTATION,
AND THE NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES ALLOWED TO EACH AT THE
TIME OF THEIR ADMISSION, RESPECTIVELY.
states.
New Hampsliire,
Massachusetts. . .
Rhode Island . .
Connecticut. . . .
New York
New Jersey. . . .
Pennsylvania . .
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina.
South Carolina.
Georgia
Vermont
Kentucky.
Tennessee.
Ohio
Louisiana.
Indiana. . .
Mississippi
Illinois .
Alabama
Maine . . .
Missouri.
Arkansas
Michigan
Florida.
Texas
Wisconsin
Iowa
California.
Minnesota.
Oregon
Kansas
West Virginia
Nevada
Nebraska
When admitted.
Ratified Constitution, June
.do.
• do.
,do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
.Feb.
• May
Jan.
• July
.Dec.
.Dec.
.Dec.
21,
6,
29,
9,
26,
18,
12,
7,
a
a,
o
.do April 28,
.do June 26,
.do Nov. 21,
.do May 23,
.do Jan. 2,
Admitted March 4,
17:
171
1790
1788
1788
1787
1787
1787
1788
1788
1789
1788
1788
1791
.do June 1, 1792
.do June 1,1796
.do Nov. 29,1802
.do April 8,1812
.do Dec. 11,1816
.do.
■ Dec. 10, 1817
.do.
.Dec. 3, 1818
• do Dec. 14,1819
.do March 15, 1820
.do Aug. 10, 1831
.do June 15,1836
do Jan. 26,1837
do March 3,1845
.do Dec. 29,1845
.do May 29,1848
,do Dec. 28,1846
.do Sept. 9,1850
.do May 11,1858
.do Feb. 12,1859
.do Dec. 6,1859
.do Dec. 31,1862
.do Oct. 31,1864
• do July 27,1866
141,899
378.717
69,110
238,141
340,120
184,139
434,373
59,096
319,728
748,308
393,751
249,073
82,548
85,539
73,077
77,262
41,915
76,556
63,867
75,512
34,620
144.317
298,335
66,586
52,240
200,000
54,477
250,000
210,596
81,920
107,000
150,042
52,465
107,206
376,688
40.000
60,000
-w o
35 "7
» s
a>
-"a
«; o
03 O
D. a;
33,000
33,000
33,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
35,000
47,700
47,700
70,680
70,680
70,680
70,680
70,680
93,420
93,420
93,420
126,823
126,823
126,823
3
8
1
5
6
4
8
1
6
10
5
5
3
2
Eemarks.
First Census, taken in Aug., 1790.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
See Williams's History of Ver-
mont.
Census of 1790. No census of
Territoryprevious to admission.
Territorial census. See American
State Papers, Mis., vol. i. p. 147.
See American State Papers, Mis.,
vol. i. p. 325.
Census of 1810. No census of Ter-
ritory previous to admission.
Territorial census. See American
State Papers, Mis., vol. ii. p.
277.
Territorial census. See American
State Papers, Mis., vol. ii. p.
407.
Territorial census. See Niles's
Register, vol. xiv. p. 359.
Census of 1820.
Census of 1820.
Census of 1820.
Territorial census. See Ex. Docs.
H. R., vol. iv. No. 144, 1st ses-
sion, 24th Congress.
Estimated population Dec, 1836.
See Docs. H. R. , vol. ii. No. 68,
2d session, 24th Congress.
Census of 1840. No census of Ter-
ritory previous to admission.
See American Almanac for 1844.
Territorial census of 1847. See
Ex. Docs. H. R., 1st session,
30th Congress, No, 55, vol. v.
Territorial census of 1844. See
American Almanac for 1846,
Estimated population. See Sen.
Mis. Docs., vol. i. No. 68, 1st
session, 31st Congress.
Territorial census. See Annual
Rep. of Sec'y of the Interior,
1st session, 35th Congress.
Census of 1860.
Census of 1860.
Census of 1860.
Estimated in 1863.
Congressional Globe.
566
TABULAR RECORDS.
APPORTIONMENT OF MEMBERS IN FORTY-
FOURTH CONGRESS.
Alabama 7, Arkansas 3, California 4, Connecticut 3,
Delaware 1, Florida 1, Georgia 8, Illinois 18, Indiana
12, Iowa 8, Kansas 2, Kentucky 9, Louisiana 5, Maine
4, Maryland 5, Massachusetts 10, Michigan 8, Minne-
sota 3, Mississippi 6, Missouri 12, Nebraska 1, Ne-
vada 1, New Hampshire 2, New Jersey 6, New York
32, North Carolina 8. Ohio 19, Oregon 1, Pennsylvania
26, Rhode Island 12, South Carolina 5, Tennessee 9,
Texas 6, Vermont 2, Virginia 9, West Virginia 3,
Wisconsin 7. Total Representatives, when all are
admitted, 292 ; while the Senators will number 74.
Total population of United States in 1870 : 38,113,253.
PAY TABLE OF THE LEADING CIVIL OFFICERS.
President of the United States, per annum, $50,000.
Vice-President of the United States, per annum,
$10,000.
Cabinet Ministers, per annum, $10,000.
Chief Justice Supreme Court, per annum, $10,500.
Justices of the Supreme Court, per annum, $10,000.
Senators and Representatives in Congress, with
mileage, per annum, $5,000.
Speaker House of Representatives, with mileage,
per annum, $10,000.
Secretary of the Senate, per annum, $5,000.
Clerk House of Representatives, per annum,
$5,000.
Assistant Secretaries of Departments, per annum,
$6,000.
Head of Bureaus, per annum, $4,000 to $5,000.
Superintendent Coast Survey, per annum, $6,000.
Judges District of Columbia, per annum, $3,000.
Secretary Smithsonian Institution, per annum,
$4,000.
Ministers Plenipotentiary to Great Britain, France,
Germany, and Russia, per annum, $17,500.
Ministers Plenipotentiary to Spain, Austria, China,
Italy, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan, per annum, $12,000.
Ministers Resident and Plenipotentiary to Chili,
Peru, Uruguay, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras,
Nicaragua, and Salvador, per annum, $10,000.
Ministers Resident to Portugal, Belgium, Nether-
lands, Denmark, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland,
Turkey, Hawaiian Islands, Hayti, Colombia, Vene-
zuela, Ecuador, Argentine Republic, Paraguay, Boli-
via, and Greece, per annum, $7,500.
Interpreter and Secretary of Legation to China,
per annum, $5,000.
Dragoman and Secretary of Legation to Turkey,
per annum, $3,000.
Consul-General to Cairo, per annum, $4,000.
Consul-General to London, Paris, Havana, and Rio
Janeiro, per annum, $6,000.
Consul-General to Calcutta and Shanghai, per an-
num, $5,000.
Consul-General to Melbourne, per annum, $4,500.
Consul-General to Kanagawa, Montreal, and Berlin,
per annum, $4,000.
Consul-General to Vienna, Frankfort, Rome, and
Constantinople, per annum, $3,000.
Consul-General to Turkey and Egypt, per annum,
$3,500.
Consul-General to St. Petersburg and Mexico, per
annum, $2,000.
Consul-General to Liverpool, per annum, $6,000.
Secretaries of Legation, from $1,500 to $2,625.
Consuls from $1,000 to $7,000.
With regard to the Postmasters, Collectors of the
Revenue, Territorial Governors and Judges, and
other officers employed throughout the country, they
are too numerous to be designated in thi§ place.
LEADING GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS.
Everything in the shape of a book or pamphlet or-
dered to be printed by the United Senate or House of
Representatives is called a public document, and can
be sent through the mails free of postage. To give
a complete and analytical list of these documents in
this place would be impracticable, but we submit a
synopsis of the more important publications which
possess an interest for the public generally and are
permanent in their character :
Agricultural Reports. — Though forming part of
tlie executive documents, they are published annually
and separately by the Department of Agriculture,
prior to the organization of which, in 1862, they were
issued from the Patent Office. The annual editions
of this work range from two hundred to three hun-
dred thousand copies.
American Archives. — A documentary history of the
Revolution, compiled by Peter Force. 9 vols, folio.
Authorized in 1833. This work, as originally designed,
would have made some thirty volumes or more ; and,
although its publication was suspended, the materials
for the compilation were transferred by purchase to
the Library of Congress.
American State Papers. — Printed by Gales & Seaton
1831 to 1833. 21 vols, folio. This work was care-
fully compiled from the annually published executive
and legislative documents of the Government.
Analysis of the Federal Constitution. — By William
Hickey. Although not actually printed by Congress,
it was purchased to such an extent as really to be-
come a public document.
Army Regulations. — Issued from the War Depart-
ment. Octavo. Army Statistics of Sickness and Mor-
tality, 1839 to 1864. By R. H. Coolidge. 1856-60. 2
vols, quarto.
Army Register. — Issued from the War Department
annually. Octavo.
Army Meteorological Register — 1843-54. — By T.
Lawson. 1855. Quarto.
Army of the Potomac. — By Maj.-Gen. George B.
McClel'lan. 1864. Octavo.
Art of War in Europe in 1854-55-56. — By Major
R. Delafield. 1860. Quarto.
Astronomical Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere
in 1849-50-51 and 52. — By Lieut. James M. Gilliss.
Quarto.
TABULAR RECORDS
567
Astronomical Observations. — Issued from the Nation-
al Observatory occasionally, and in quarto form.
Blue-Book. — A Biennial Register of all the officers
and employes of the government, commenced in
1816. Though forn>erly compiled in the Department
of State, it is now issued from the Interior Depart-
ment. Octavo.
Catalogue Congressional Library. — Since 1866 the
books beh>nging to the Smithsonian Institution and
the very valuable library of Peter Force have been
added to the national collection at the cost of
$100,000. Octavo. Catalogues frequently issued,
and the books now number nearly 300,000.
Census of the United States. — Published in quarto
volumes under the direction of the Secretary of the
Interior Department.
Coast Survey. — The annual reports from this branch
of public service are published in quarto form, and
illustrated with elaborate charts.
Colonial Trade. — By Israel D. Andrews. 1835.
Octavo.
Commercial Relations. — Under this title are annu-
ally published in quarto form, by the State Depart-
ment, information connected with commerce, obtained
chiefly through the Consular Bureau from foreign
governments.
Congressional Debates:
Annals of Congress from 1789 to 1824. — 44 vols,
octavo. Compiled and printed by Gales & -Seaton.
Contain the public laws.
Register of Debates in Congress from 1825 to 1837.
—27 vols, octavo. Compiled and printed by Gales &
Seaton. Contains the public laws.
Congressional Globe from 1833 to 1873. — Quarto.
Printed by Jobn C. Rives. Contains the public laws.
Dictionary of the United States Congress. — By
Charles Lanman. Published by the Senate and
House of Representatives of the Thirty-eighth Con-
gress, and by the Senate of the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress. This is the only work belonging to a private
individual which was ever published as a public
document. Octavo.
Diplomatic Correspondence of the American Revolu-
tion.— Compiled by Jared Sparks. 12 vols, octavo.
Diplomatic Correspondence between 1783 and 1789. —
Compiled by Jared Sparks. 7 vols, octavo.
Diplomatic Correspondence—Published annually by
the Department of State, although forming a part of
the Executive Documents. Octavo.
Executive Documents.— TJnder this title are arranged
and published the messages, reports, and other state
papers emanating from the President, cabinet minis-
ters, and other officers of the government, all of
which are numbered in consecutive order. Octavo.
Executive Journals of the Senate. — These volumes
are published from time to time after the injunction
of secrecy has been removed. Octavo.
Explorations of the Valley of the Amazon. — By
Lieut. William L. Herndon and Lieut. Lardner Gib-
bon. Illustrated. 2 vols, octavo. 1853 and 1854.
Exploration of the Red River of Louisiana. — By
Capt. Randolph B. Marcy, Illustrated. Octavo. 1853.
Explorations of the Zuni and Colorado Rivers. — By
L. Sitgreaves, Illustrated. Octavo. 1854.
Explorations Among the Rocky Mountains. — By
Captain John C. Fremont. Illustrated. Octavo. 1845.
Explorations from Fort Leavenworth to California.
—By Lt.-Col. William H. Emory. Illustrated.
Octavo. 1848.
Expedition to the Source of the St. Peter's River, etc.,
in 1823.— By Stephen H. Long.
Expedition to the Sources of the Mississippi River,
etc., in 1805.— By Zebulon M. Pike.
Exploring Expedition. — By Commodore Charles
Wilkes. 5 quarto volumes. Illustrated. 1846-49.
Several supplementary volumes on scientific subjects
have been printed, but the work is still in an unfin-
ished condition.
Explorations for a Railroad Route Between the
Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean.— IZ vols,
quarto. Illustrated.
Explorations of the Colorado Riv&r of the West in
1857-58.— By Lieut. Joseph C. Ives. 1861. Quarto.
Illustrated.
Explorations of Salt Lake Valley, Utah.— By Capt.
Howard Stansbury. Octavo. Illustrated. 1852.
Expedition to Japan in 1852-53 and 1864.— By Com-
modore M. C. Perry. 1856. 3 vols, quarto. Illus-
trated.
Finance. — From time to time volumes are issued by
the Treasury Department, connected with the finances
of the country. Octavo.
Geological Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota.
—By David D. Owen. Printed by J. B. Lippincott &
Co., for the General Land Office. Quarto. 1852.
Indian Affairs.— Risiory of the Condition and Pros-
pects of the Indian Tribes of the United States.
Compiled by Henry W. Schoolcraft, and illustrated
by Maj. Seth Eastman, U. S. A. 6 vols, quarto. 1857.
Illustrated.
Indian Affairs.— History of the Indian Tribes of
North America. — Compiled by Thomas L. McKenney
and James Hall. 3 vols, folio. With colored portraits
by Charles B. King. 1838.
Indian Treaties.— From 1778 to 1837. Octavo. 1837.
By Indian Office.
Indian Affairs. — Annual reports published separate-
ly by the Indian Office, though included in the Ex-
ecutive Documents. Octavo.
Journal, Acts and Proceedings of the Convention
which formed the Constitution of the United States,
1818. Octavo.
Journals of the House of Representatives. — Published
in octavo at the close of each session of Congress.
Journals of the Senate. — Published in octavo at the
close of each session of Congress.
Madison Papers. — Debates in Congress and the
Federal Convention. 3 vols, octavo. 1840. By
James Madison.
Mexican Boundary Survey. — By Maj. Wm. H.
Emory. 1857. 2 vols. Illustrated. Quarto.
Military Commission in Europe in 1855-56. — By
Alfred Mordecai. I860. Quarto.
Mississippi River : Hydrographical Report on the
Upper Basin. — By I. N. Nicollet. 1843. Octavo.
Navy Register. — Published annually by the Navy
Department. Octavo.
Patent Office. — Annual Reports published separate-
ly and also with Executive Documents. Embodied in.
these volumes are outline engravings and full descrip-
tions of all the articles which are patented by the
government. Octavo.
Public Lands. ~-Ar\nviB\ Reports published separate-
ly and with the Executive Documents. The more re-
cent issues of this work have been accompanied by
maps of great and peculiar value. Octavo.
Reports of Committees. — This is a series <>f volumes
containing all the reports made in the two houses of
Congress, whether the same have been favorably re-
ceived or not. Octavo.
Seat of War iii Europe in 1855-56.— By Major
George B. McClellan. 1857. Quarto. Illustrated.
Smithsonian Institution.— lx\ addition to its annual
octavo reports this institution issues volumes in quarto
form of a scientific character for exchange with for-
eign governments.
Statutes at Large. — These large octavo volumes
consist of all the laws passed by Congress, formerly
arranged and printed by Little & Brown for the
Government, but now published by the Government,
under the title of Revised Statutes.
Congressional Record. — Same as Congressional
Globe, only that it is published at the Government
Printing Office. Commenced in 1873.
Sea Fisheries, 1871 to 1873.-2 vols. Bj Spencer F.
Baird.
568
TABULAR RECORDS.
THE NEWSPAPER PEESS.
The total number of newspapers published in the
United States, in 1875, was seven thousand eight hun-
dred and seventy. Of this number, seven of them
have been in existence more than one hundred years,
viz. :
Established.
Portsmouth Gazette, N. H 1756
Newport Mercury, R. 1 1758
New London Gazette, Conn 1763
Hartford Courant, Conn 1764
New Haven Journal, Conn 1767
Salem Gazette, Mass 1768
Worcester Spy, Mass 1770
The papers which have been published for more
than half a century number thirty-three, and are as
follows :
Established.
Pittsburg Gazette, Pa 1786
Northampton Gazette, Mass 1786
Greenville Gazette and Courier, Mass 1792
Pittsburg Post, Penn 1792
Rutland Herald, Vt 1793
New York Commercial Advertiser 1793
Utica Herald and Gazette, N. Y 1796
Newbury port Herald, Mass 1797
Virginia Advertiser, Va 1800
Charleston Courier, S. C 1800
Salem Register, Mass 1800
Frederick Herald, Ind 1802
Eastern Argas, Mass. ... 1803
Richmond Enquirer, Va 1804
New York Evening Post, N. Y 1804
Catskill Recorder and Democrat, N. Y 1804
Cincinnati Gazette, Ohio 1806
Cooperstown Freeman's Journal, N. Y 1808
St. Louis Republican, Mo 1808
Lynchburg Virginian, Va 1808
Albany Argus, N. Y 1813
Boston Daily Advertiser, Mass 1813
Canton Repository, Ohio 1814
Alexandria Gazette, Va 1816
Boston Recorder, Mass 1816
Hartford Times, Conn 1817
Zion's Herald, N. Y 1818
Boston Watchman and Reflector, Mass 1819
New York Observer, N. Y 1820
Providence Journal, R. 1 1820
Christian Register, Mass 1821
Mobile Register, Ala 1821
Old Colony Memorial, Mass 1822
To give the names of all the newspapers in the
country is, of course, out of the question in this
place, but the numbers published in each State are
as follows :
Maine 82
New Hampshire 68
Vermont 68
Massachusetts 336
Rhode Island 27
Connecticut 104
New York 1086
New Jersey 177
Pennsylvania 707
Delaware 25
Maryland 115
Virginia 142
West Virginia 75
North Carolina 106
South Carolina 84
Georgia 148
Alabama 97
Florida 31
Kentucky 130
Tennessee 141
Arkansas 59
Mississippi 104
Louisiana 99
Texas 168
Ohio 537
Indiana 357
Illinois 642
Michigan 296
Wisconsin 253
Minnesota 139
Iowa 379
Missouri 401
Kansas 152
Nebraska 98
California 211
Oregon 43
Nevada 22
District of Columbia. 27
Territories 134
Of all the newspapers published in the United
States during the century just closed, perhaps the
most famous and influential one of all, by common
consent, was the National Intelligencer, which was a
kind of public institution in Washington from 1800 to
1865, when the surviving editor, on account of ad-
vancing years, withdrew to private life, and the career
of the grand old journal was ended.
The Class Journ ils of the United States are as fol-
lows : — Religious Newspapers, 412 ; Agricultural
Newspapers, 123; Medical Journals, 81 ; Masonic
Journals, 19 ; Odd-fellows' Journals, 13 ; Temperance-
Journals, 64 ; Journals of Knights of Pythias. 4 ; Ju-
venile Publications, 41 ; Educational Journals, 122 ;
Commercial and Financial Journals, 126 ; Insurance
Journals, 34 ; Real Estate Journals, 23 ; Scientific
Journals, 93 ; Law Journals, 35 ; Printers' and Pub-
lishers' Journals, 15 ; Sporting Journals, 12 ; Musical
Journals, 30 ; Fashion Journals, 19 ; Woman's Rights
Journals, 5 ; German Newspapers, 349 ; and the
French, Scandinavian, Spanish, Hollandish, Italian,
Welsh, Bohemian, Portuguese, and Polish Journals
number in all about 200.
EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES.
The subjoined statistics, illustrating the condition
of education in the United States during the year
1874, were obtained from the Educational Bureau in
Washington :
Number of Univerfities and Colleges, so called 353
Value of buildings and lands $39,170,22:^
Productive fund 28,080,309
In the Ter-
In the States. riroriesj. Total.
School population 18.735.672 139.378 3,875.050
Enrolled in public schools.... 8,030,772 69,209 8.090,981
Average daily attendance 4,488,075 38,489 4,521,564
Total estimated number of children between 6 and
16 years of age 10,536,647
Total number of teachers, 1874 241,300
Total income of public schools (States) $81,277,686
Total Income of public schools (Territories) 881,219
Total $82,158,905
Total expenditures for sites, building purposes, fur-
niture, etc. (States) $14,852,259
Total expenditures for sites, building purposes, fur-
niture, etc. (Territories) $193,649
Total $15,043,908
Salaries of Superintendents $924,773
Salaries of teachers (States) 46,201,609
Salaries of teachers (Territories) 502,2S6
Total $47,628,668
Total miscellaneous expenditures (States) $11,609,159
Total miscellaneous expenditures (Territories) 93,936
Total $11,703,695
Total expenditures (States) $74,169,217
Total expenditures (Territories) 805,121
Total $74,974,388
Total value of buildings, sites, etc. (States) $164,180,947
Total value of buildings, sites, etc. (Temtories). . . 1,572,500
Total $165,753,447
I
TABULAR RECORDS
5C9
Number of Normal Schools 1,031
Number of Schools of Science 40
Number of Schools of Theology 113
Number of Schools of Law 38
Number of Schools of Medicine ti9
The public Libraries of the United States number
336, and those which contain more than 50,000 vol-
umes are as follows :
The National Library, Washington 274,157
Public Library, Boston 270,000
Aster Library, New York 147,640
Mercantile Library, New York 147,578
Library of National Houne of Representatives, Washing-
ton 125,000
Mercantile Library, Philadelphia 109.943
Athenaeum Library, Boston 103,000
Library Company, Philadelphia 100,000
State Library, Albany 93.809
Public Library, Cincinnati 71,405
Society Library, New York 6-2,000
American Antiquarian Society Library, Worcester... . 57,528
Library, Peabody Int^titute, Baltimore 56,292
Apprentices' Library, New York 51.871
Mercantile Library, Brooklyn 51,100
Public Library, Louisville 50,000
COLONIAL GOVERNOES OF AMERICA.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Richard Cults 1680
Richard Waldron 1681
Edward Cranfield 1682
Walter Barefoot 1685
Joseph Dudley 1686
Edmond Andros 1687
Simon Bradstreet 1689
John Usher 1692
William Partridge '. .1697
Samuel Allen 1699
Earl of Bellemont 1702
Joseph Dudley 1716
Samuel Shute 1728
William Burnett 1780
Jonathan Belcher 1741
Benjamin Wentworth 1767
John Wentworth 1775
When the British power terminated.
Mesheck Weare 1776
John Langdon 1788
John Sullivan 1790
MASSACHUSETTS.
John Carver, of Plymouth, Massachusetts 1620
William Bradford 1621
Edward Winslow 1633
Thomas Prince 1634
William Bradford 1635
Edward Winslow 1636
William Bradford 1637
Thomas Prince 1638
William Bradford 1639
Edward Winslow 1644
William Bradford 1645
Thomas Prince 1657
Josias Winslow 1673
Thomas Hinckley 1680
John Winthrop, of Mass., under first charter 1630
Thomas Dudley, , 1 634
John Haynes 1635
Henry Vane 1636
John Winthrop 1637
Thomas Dudley 1640
Richard Bellingham 1641
John Winthrop 1642
John Winthrop 1646
John Endicott 1649
Thomas Dudley 1650
John Endicott 1651
Richard Bellingham 1654
John Endicott 1655
Richard Bellingham 1665
John Leverett 1673
Simon Bradstreet 1679
Joseph Dudley, after dissolution 1686
Sir Edmond Andros 1 687
Simon Bradstreet 1691
Sir William Phips, under second charter 1692
Earl of Bellemont 1699
Joseph Dudley 1702
Samuel Shute 1716
William Burnett 1728
Jonathan Belcher 1730
William Shirley 1740
Thomas Po wnal 1757
Francis Bernard 1760
Thomas Hutchison 1770
Thomas Gage 1774
John Hancock 1780
James Bowdoin 1785
RHODE ISLAND.
(Presidents.)
John Coggeshall, 1647
Jeremiah Clarke 1648
John Smith 1649
Nicholas Easton 1650
Roger Williams . .1655
Benedict Arnold 1657
William Brenton 1660
Benedict Arnold 1662
Benedict Arnold 1663
William Brenton 1666
Benedict Arnold 1669
Nicholas Easton 1672
William Coddington 1674
Walter Clarke 1676
Benedict Arnold 1677
John Cranston 1679
Peleg Sanford 1680
William Coddington 1683
Henry Bull 1685
Walter Clarke 1686
Sir Edmond Andros 1686
Henry Bull 1689
John Easton 1690
Caleb Carr 1695
Walter Clarke 1696
Samuel Cranston 1698
Joseph Jenckes 1727
William Wanton 1732
John Wanton 1734
Richard Ward 1741
William Greene 1743
Gideon Wanton 1745
William Greene 1746
Gideon Wanton 1747
William Greene 1748
Stephen Hopkins 1755
William Greene 1757
Stephen Hopkins 1758
Samuel Ward 1762
Stephen Hopkins 1763
Samuel Ward 1765
Stephen Hopkins 1767
Josias Lynden 1768
Joseph Wanton 1769
Nicholas Cooke 1775
Nicholas Cooke 1776
William Greene 1778
John Coinns 1786
570
TABULAR RECORDS.
CONNECTICUT.
John Winthrop 1665
William Leet 1676
Robert Treat 1683
John Winthrop 1698
Gurden Salstonstall 1708
Joseph Talcott 1725
Jonathan Law 1742
Roger Wolcott 1751
Thomas Fitch 1754
William Pitkin 1766
Jonathan Trambull 1709
Matthew Griswold 1784
NEW YORK.
Adrian Joris, Dutch Oovernors 1623
Cornelius Jacobzen May 1624
William Verhulst 1625
Peter Minuet 1626
Wouler Van Twiller 1629
William Kieft 1638
Peter Stuvesandt 1647
Anthony Colve 1673
Richard Nicholls, British Governors 1664
Francis Lovelace 1667
Sir Edmond Andros 1674
Thomas Dongan 1683
Francis Nicholson 16S7
Jacob Le>ler 1690
Henry Sloughter 1691
Joseph Dudley 1692
Richard Ingoldsby 1692
Benjamin Fletcher 1692
Earl of Bellemont 1697
John Naufau 1701
Lord Cornbury 1702
Lord Lovelace 1708
Richard Ingoldsby 1709
Gerardus Beekman 1710
Andrew Hunter 1710
Peter Schuyler 1719
William Burnet 1720
John Montgomerie 1728
Lewis Morris 1731
Rip Van Dam 1731
William Cosby 1732
John Hamilton 1736
George Clark 1736
George Clinton 1743
Dan vers Osborne 1753
James De Lancey 1753
Sir Charles Hardy 1755
James De Lance v 1757
Cadwallader Colden 1760
Robert Monkton 1762
Cadwallader Colden 1763
Henry Moore 1765
Cadwallader Colden 1769
Earl of Dunmore 1770
William Tryon 1771
Cadwallader Colden 1775
James Robertson 1780
George Clinton, Governor, Independent* 1777
NEW JERSEY.
Lord Cornbury 1730
Lewis Morris. 1738
Jonathan Belcher 1747
John Hamilton 1746
Jonathan Belcher 1747
John Reading 1757
Francis Barnard 1758
Thomas Boone 1760
Thomas Hardy 1761
* A part of the preceding had jurisdiction over New Jersey.
William Franklin 1763
William Livingston, Republican 1776
PENNSYLVANIA.
William Penn 1682
Thomas Lloyd '.1684
John Blackwell 1688
Benjamin Fletcher 1693
William Penn 1699
Andrew Hamilton 1701
John Evans 1704
Charles Gookins 1709
Sir William Keith 1717
Patrick Gordon 1726
James Logan 1736
George Thomas 1738
Anthony Palmer 1747
James Hamilton 1748
Robert Hunter Morris 1754
William Denny 1756
James Hamilton 1759
John Penn 1763
James Hamilton 1771
Richard Penn 1771
John Penn 1773
Thomas Wharton, Republican , 1777
Joseph Reed 1778
William Moore 1781
John Dickinson 1782
Benjamin Franklin 1785
DELAWARE.
William Penn 1700
Sir William Keith 1721
Patrick Gordon 1726
George Thomas 1738
James Hamilton 1745
Robert Hunter Morris 1754
James Hamilton , 1760
John Penn 1765
Richard Penn 1768
John Penn 1773
John M'Kinlev, Republican 1777
Csesar Rodney 1778
John Dickinson 1782
John Cook 1873
Nicholas Van Dyke 1783
Thomas Collins 1786
MARYLAND.
Lyonel Copley ' 1693
Francis Nicholson 1694
Nathaniel Blakiston 1699
John Seymour 1704
John Hart 1714
Charles Calvert 1720
Benedict Leonard Calvert 1727
Charles Lord Baltimore 1731
Samuel Ogle , 1732
Thomas Bladen 1742
Charles Lord Baltimore 1746
Samuel Ogle 1747
Frederick Lord Baltimore 1752
Horatio Sharpe 1753
Robert Eden 1769
Thomas Johnston, Republican 1777
Thomas Sim Lee • 1779
William Paca 1782
William Small wood 1785
VIRGINIA.
Sir Thomas Smith 1606
Edward M. Wingfield 1607
TABULAR RECORDS.
571
John Radcliffe 1607
John Smith 1608
George Percy 1610
Lord^De La War 1610
Sir Thomas Dale 1611
Sir Thomas Gates 1611
Sir Thomas Dale 1614
Sir George Yeardly 1616
Sir Samuel Argale 1617
Sir George Yeardly 1618
Sir Thomas Wyatt 1621
Sir George Yeardly 1626
Sir George Yeardly 1626
Francis West 1627
Doctor John Pott 1628
Sir John Harvey 1629
John West 1635
Sir John Harvey 1686
Sir Francis Wyatt 1639
Sir William Berckley 1641
Frederick Kempe 1644
Sir William Berckley 1645
Richard Burnett 1652
Edward Diggs 1655
Samuel Mathews 1656
Sir William Berckley 1659
Francis Morrvson 1661
Sir William Berckley 1662
Herbert Jeffries 1677
Sir Henry Checkley 1678
Lord Culpepper, Governor 1680
Nicholas Spencer 1683
Lord Howard, Governor 1684
Matthew Bacon 1688
Francis Nicholson 1690
Sir Edmond Andros 1692
Francis Nicholson 1698
Edward Nott 1705
Edmond Jennings 1706
Alexander Spottswood 1710
Hugh Drysdale , 1722
Robert Carter 1726
William Gooch 1727
Thomas Lee 1749
Lewis Burwell 1749
Robert Dinwiddle 1752
Francis Fauquier 1758
John Blair 1767
Lord Botetourt 1768
William Nelson 1770
Lord Dunmore 1772
Patrick Henry, Republican , 1776
Thomas Jefferson 1779
Thomas Nelson 1781
Benjamin Harrison 1782
Patrick Henry 1784
Edmond Randolph 1786
NORTH CAROLINA.
Charles Eden 1715
William Reed 1722
Sir Richard Everard 1727
Gabriel Johnson 1734
Matthew Rowan 1753
Arthur Dobbs 1754
William Tryon 1766
Josiah Martin 1771
Richard Caswell, Republican 1777
Abner Nash 1780
Thomas Burke 1781
Alexander Martin 1782
Richard Caswell 1785
Samuel Johnson 1788
SOUTH CAROLINA.
William Sayle 1670
Joseph West 1671
Joseph Yeaman 1671
Joseph West 1674
Joseph Morton 1682
Joseph West 1684
Richard Kirk, 1684
Robert Quarry 1684
Joseph Morton 1685
James Colleton 1686
Seth Sothell 1690
Philip Ludwell 1692
Thomas Smith 1693
Joseph Blake 1694
John Archdale 1695
Joseph Blake 1696
James Moore 1700
Nathaniel Johnston 1703
Edward Tyne 1709
Robert Gibbs 1710
Charles Craven 1712
Robert Daniel 1716
Robert Johnston 1719
James Moore 1719,,
Arthur Middleton 1719'
Francis Nicholson 1721
Arthur Middleton 1725
Robert Johnston 1730
Thomas Broughton 1735
William Bull 1 737
James Glen 1743
William H. Littleton 1756
William Bull 1760
Thomas Boone 1762
Will iam Bull 1763
Charles Montague 1766
William Bull 1769
William Campbell 1775
John Ratledge, Republican 1775
Rawlins Lownds 1778
John Rutledge 1779
John Mathews 1782
Benjamin Guerard 1783
William Moultrie 1785
Thomas Pinckney 1787
GEORGIA.
James Edward Oglethorpe 1732
William Stephens 1743
Henry Parker 1751
John Reynolds 1 754
Henry Ellis 1757
James Wright 1760
James Habersham 1771
W^illiam Erwin 1775
Archibald Bulloch 1776
Button Gwinnett 1777
John A. Treuitlin 1777
John Houston 1778
John Wereat 1778
George Walton 1779
Richard Howley 1780
Stephen Heard 1781
Nathan Brownson 1781
John Martin 1782
Lyman Hall 1783
John Houston 1784
Samuel Elbert 1785
Edward Telfair 1786
George Mathews 1787
George Handley 1788
572
TABULAR RECORDS.
THE STATE AND TEREITORIAL GOVERNORS, SINCE THE ADOPTION
OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION
[obtained directly from the secretaries of states.]
{For further information respecti?ig these men, see Biographical Annals.)
MAINE.
rKOM TO
William King 1820 1822
Albion K. Parris 1822 1827
Enoch Lincoln 1827 1829
Jonathan G. Huntoon 1829 1831
Samnel E. Smith 1831 1834
Robert P. Dunlap 1834 1838
Edward Kent 1838 1839
JohnFairfield 1839 1840
Edward Kent 1840 1841
John Fairfield 1841 1843
Edward Kavanaugh (acting) .1843 1844
Hugh J. Anderson 1844 1847
John W. Dana 1847 1850
John Hubbard 1850 1853
William G. Crosby 1853 1855
Anson P. Morrill 1855 1856
Samuel Wells 1856 1857
Hannibal Hamlin 1857 1857
Joseph H. Williams 1857 1858
Lot M. Morrill 1858 1859
Lot M. Morrill (re-elected) 1859 1860
Israel Washburne, Jr 1860 1862
Abner Coburn 1862 1863
Samuel Cony 1863 1867
Joshua L. Chamberlain 1867 1871
Sidney Perham 1871 1874
Nelson Dingley, Jr 1874 1876
Selden Connor 1876 1877
Salary, $2,500.
Term, one year.
Seat of Government, Augusta.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Josiah Bartlett 1792 1794
John Taylor Gilman 1794 1805
John Laiigdon 1805 1809
Jeremiah Smith 1809 1810
John Langdon 1810 1812
William Plumer 1812 1813
John Taylor Gilman 1814 1816
William Plumer 1816 1819
Samuel Bell 1819 1823
Levi Woodbury 1823 1824
David L. Morrill 1824 1827
Benjamin Pierce 1827 1829
John Bell 1828 1830
Matthew Harvey 1830 1831
Joseph M. Harper 1831 1831
Samuel Dinsmoor 1831 1834
William Badger 1834 1836
Isaac Hill 1836 1839
John Page 1839 1842
Henry Hubbard 1842 1844
John H. Steele 1844 1846
Anthony Colby 1846 1847
Jared W. Williams 1847 1849
Samuel Dinsmoor 1849 1852
Noah Martin 1852 1854
Nathaniel B.Baker 1854 1855
Ralph Metcalf 1856 1856
Ealph Metcalf 1856 1857
William Haile 1857 1858
William Haile (re-elected) 1858 1859
Ichabod Goodwin 1859 1861
Nathaniel S. Berry 1861 1863
Joseph A. Gilmore 1863 1865
Frederick Smythe 1865 1867
Walter Harriman 1867 1869
Onslow Stearns 1869 1871
FROM TO
James A. Weston 1871 1873
Ezekiel A. Straw 1873 1874
James A. Weston 1874 1875
Person C. Cheny 1875 1876
Salary, $1,000.
Term, one year.
Seat of Government, Concord.
VERMONT.
Thomas Chittenden 1778 1789
Moses Robinson 1789 1790
Thomas Chittenden 1790 1797
Paul Brigham (Lt.-Gov. acting).
Isaac Tichenor 1797 1807
Israel Smith 1807 1808
Isaac Tichenor 1808 1809
Jonas Galusha 1809 1813
Martin Chittenden 1813 1815
Jonas Galusha 1815 1820
Richard Skinner 1820 1823
C. P. Van Ness 1823 1826
Ezra Butler 1826 1828
Samuel C. Crafts 1828 1831
William A. Palmer 1831 1835
S. J. Jenison (Lt.-Gov. acting).
Silas A. Jenison 1835 1841
Charles Paine 1841 1843
John Mattocks 1843 1844
William Slade 1844 1846
Horace Eaton 1846 1849
Carlos Coolidge 1849 1850
Charles K. Williams 1850 1852
Erastus Fairbanks 1852 1853
John S. Robinson 1853 1854
Stephen Royce 1854 1856
Rvland Fletcher 1856 1858
HilandHall 1858 1859
Hiland Hall (re-elected) 1859 1860
Erastus Fairbanks 1860 1861
Frederick Holbrook 1861 1863
J. Gregory Smith 1863 1865
Paul Dillingham 1865 1867
JohnB. Page 1867 1869
Peter T. Washburn ^ 1869 1870
G. W. Hendee (Lt. -Gov. Acting) 1 870 1870
John W. Stewart 1870 1873
Julius Converse 1872 1874
Isabel Peck 1874 1876
Salary, $1,000.
Term, one year.
Seat of Government, Montpelier.
MASSACHUSETTS.
John Hancock 1789 1794
Samuel Adams 1794 1797
Increase Sumner 1797 1799
Moses Gill (acting) 1799 1800
Caleb Strong 1800 1807
James Sullivan 1807 1808
Levi Lincoln (acting). 1808 1809
Christopher Gore 1809 1810
Elbridge Gerry 1810 1812
Caleb Strong 1812 1816
John Brooks 1816 1823
William Eustis 1823 1835
Marcus Morton (acting) 1825 1825
Levi Lincoln 1825 1834
John Davis 1834 1836
S. T. Armstrong (acting) 1836 1836
TABULAR RECORDS.
573
TROM TO
Edward Everett 1836 1840
Marcus Morton 1840 1841
John Davis 1841 1843
Marcus Morton 1843 1844
George N. Briggs 1844 1851
George S. Boutwell 1851 1853
JolinH. Clifford 1853 1854
Emory Washburn 1854 1855
Henry J. Gardner 1855 1858
Nathaniel P. Banks 1858 1861
John A. Andrew 1861 1866
Alexander H. Bullock 1866 1870
William Claflin 1870 1873
William B. Washburn ...1872 1875
William Gaston 1875 1876
Alexander H.Rice 1876 1877
Salary, $5,000.
Term, one year.
Seat of Government, Boston.
RHODE ISLAND.
Arthur Fenner 1790 1805
Henry Smith (acting) 1805 1806
Isaac Wilbur (acting) 1806 1807
James Fenner 1807 -1811
William Jones 1811 1817
Nehemiah R. Knight 1817 1821
William C. Gibbs 1821 1824
James Fenner 1824 1831
Lemuel H. Arnold 1831 1833
John B. Francis 1833 1838
William Sprague 1838 1839
Samuel W. King (acting) 1839 1840
Samuel W. King 1840 1843
James Fenner 1843 1845
Charles Jackson 1845 1846
Byron Diman 1846 1847
Elisha Harris 1847 1849
Henry B. Anthony 1849 1851
Philip Allen 1851 1852
William Beach Lawrence (acting) 1852 1852
Philip Allen 1852 1853
Francis M. Dimond 1853 1854
William W. Hoppin 1854 1857
Elisha Dyer 1857 1859
Thomas G. Turner 1859 1860
William Sprague 1860 1863
John R. Bartlett (acting) 1861 1862
William C. Cozzens (acting) 1862 1863
James Y. Smith 1863 1866
Ambrose E. Burnside 1866 1869
Seth Padelford 1869 1872
Henry Howard 1872 1875
HenrV Lippett 1875 1876
Salary, $1,000.
Term, one year.
Seats of Government, Newport and Providence, al-
ternately.
CONNECTICUT.
Samuel Huntington 1785 1796
Oliver Wolcott 1796 1798
Jonathan Trumbull 1798 1809
John Treadwell 1809 1811
Roger Griswold 1811 1813
John Cotton Smith 1813 1818
Oliver Wolcott 1818 1827
Gideon Tomlinson 1827 1831
John S. Peters 1831 1833
Henry W. Edwards 1833 1834
Samuel A. Foote 1834 1835
Henry W. Edwards 1835 1838
William W. Ellsworth 1838 1842
Chauncey F. Cleveland 1842 1844
Roger S. Baldwin 1844 1846
Isaac Toucey 1846 1847
Clark Bissell 1847 1849
TROM TO
Joseph Trumbull 1849 1850
Thomas H. Seymour 1850 1853
C. H. Pond Cacting) 1853 1854
Henry Dutton 1854 1855
William T. Minor 1855 1857
Alexander H. Holley. 1857 1858
William A. Buckingham 1858 1866
Joseph R. Hawley. 1866 1867
James E. English 1867 1869
Marshall Jewell 1869 1870
James E. English 1870 1871
Marshall Jewell 1871 1873
Charles R. Ingersoll 1872 1875
Salary $2,000.
Term, one year.
Seats of Government, Hartford and New Haven,
alternately.
NEW YORK.
George Clinton 1789 1795
John Jay 1795 1801
George Clinton 1801 1804
Morgan Lewis 1804 1807
Daniel D. Tompkins 1807 1816
John Taylor (acting) 1816 1817
De Witt Clinton 1817 1822
Joseph C. Yates 1822 1824
De Witt Clinton 1824 1827
Nathaniel Pitcher (acting) 1827 1829
Martin Van Buren 1829 1830
Enos T. Throop 1831 1833
William L. Marcy 1833 1839
William H. Seward 1839 1843
William C. Bouck 1843 1845
Silas Wright 1845 1847
John Young 1847 1849
Hamilton Fish 1849 1851
Washington Hunt 1851 1853
Horatio Seymour 1853 1855
Myron H. Clark 1855 1857
John A. King 1857 1859
Edwin D. Morgan 1859 1863
Horatio Seymour 1863 1865
Reuben E. Fenton 1865 1869
JohnT. Hoffman 1869 1873
JohnA. Dix 1873 1875
Samuel J. Tilden 1875 1877
Salary, $10,000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Albany.
NEW JERSEY.
William Livingston 1789 1794
William Paterson 1794 1794
Richard Howell 1794 1801
Joseph Bloomfield 1801 1812
Aaron Ogden 1812 1813
William S. Pennington 1813 1815
Mahlon Dickerson 1815 1817
Isaac H. Williamson 1817 1829
Peter D. Vroom 1829 1832
Samuel L. Southard 1832 1833
EliasP. Seely 1833 1833
Peter D. Vroom 1833 1836
Philemon Dickerson 183# 1837
William Pennington 1837 1848
Daniel Haines 1843 1844
Charles C. Stratton 1844 1848
Daniel Haines 1848 1851
GoorgeF. Fort 1851 1854
Rodman M. Price 1854 1857
William A. Newell 1857 1 860
Charles S. Olden I860 1863
Joel Parker 1863 1866
Marcus L. Ward 1866 1869
Theodore F. Randolph 1869 1872
574
TABULAR RECORDS
FROM TO
Joel Parker 1872 1875
Joseph D. Bedle 1875 1877
Salary. $3,000.
Terra, three years.
Seat of Government, Trenton.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Thomas Mifflin 1790 1799
Thomas McKean 1799 1808
Simon Snyder 1808 1817
William Findlay 1817 1820
Joseph Heister 1820 1828
John Andrew Shulze 1823 1829
George Wolf 1829 1835
Joseph Ritner 1835 1839
David R. Porter 1839 1845
Francis R. Shunk 1845 1848
William F. Johnston 1848 1852
William Bigler 1852 1855
James Pollock 1855 1858
William F. Packer 1858 1861
Andrew G. Curtin 1861 1867
John W. Geary 1867 1873
John F. Hartranft 1873 1879
Salary, $5,000.
Term, three years.
Seat of Government, Harrisburg.
DELAWARE.
Joshua Clayton 1789 1796
Gunning Bedford 1796 1797
Daniel Rogers 1797 1798
Richard Bassett 1798 1801
James Sykes (acting) 1801 1802
David Hall 1802 1805
Nathaniel Mitchell 1805 1808
George Truett 1808 1811
Joseph Haslett 1811 1814
Daniel Rodney 1814 1817
John Clarke 1817 1820
Jacob Stout (acting) 1820 1821
John Collins 1821 1822
Caleb Rodney (acting) 1822 1823
Joseph Haslett 1823 1824
Samuel Paynter 1824 1827
George Poindexter 1827 1830
David Hazzard 1830 1833
Caleb P. Bennett 1833 1837
Cornelius P. Comegys 1837 1840
William B. Cooper 1840 1844
Thomas Stockton 1844 1846
Joseph Maul (acting) 1846 184C
William Temple 1846 1846
William Thorp 1846 1851
William H. Ross 1851 1855
Peter F. Causey 1855 1859
William Burton 1859 1863
William Cannon 1863 1865
Gove Saulsbury 1865 1871
James Ponder 1871 1875
John P. Cochran 1875 1879
Salary, $1,333^.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Dover.
MARYLAND.
John Eager Howard 1788 1792
George Plater 1792 1792
Thomas Sim Lee 1792 1794
John H. Stone 1794 1797
John Henry 1797 1798
Benjamin Ogle 1798 1801
John F. Mercer 1801 1803
Robert Bowie 1803 1805
Robert Wright 1805 1809
Edward Lloyd 1809 1811
FROM TO
Robert Bowie 1811 1812
Levin Winder 1812 1815
C. Ridgely 1815 1818
C. W. Goldsborough 1818 1819
Samuel Sprigg 1819 1822
Samuel Stevens 1822 1826
Joseph Kent. 1826 1829
Daniel Martin 1829 1830
T. K. Carroll 1830 1831
Daniel Martin 1831 1831
George Howard (actmg) 1831 1832
George Howard 1832 1833
James Thomas 1833 1836
Thomas W. Veasay 1836 1838
William Grayson 1838 1841
Francis Thomas 1841 1844
Thomas G. Pratt 1844 1848
Philip F. Thomas 1848 1851
Enoch L. Lowe 1851 1854
Thomas W. Ligon 1854 1858
Thomas H. Hicks 1858 1862
Augustus W. Bradford 1862 1866
Thomas Swann 1866 1867
Odin Bowie 1867 1872
William Pinkney White 1872 1875
James B. Groonie 1875 1876
John Lee Carroll 1876 1879
Salary, $4,500, with a furnished house.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Annapolis.
VIRGINIA.
Beverly Randolph 1788 1799
Henrv'Lee 1791 1794
Robert Brooke 1794 1796
James Wood 1796 1799
James Monroe 1799 1802
John Page 1802 1805
William H.Cabell 1805 1808
John Tyler 1808 1811
James Monroe 1811 1811
George W. Smith 1811 1813
James Barbour 1812 1814
Wilson C. Nicholas 1814 1816
James P. Preston 1816 1819
Thomas M. Randolph 1819 1822
James Pleasants 1822 1825
John Tvler 1825 1827
William B. Giles 1827 1830
John Floyd 1830 1834
Littleton" W. Tazewell 1834 1836
Windham Robertson (acting) 1836 1837
David Campbell 1837 1840
Thomas W. Gilmer 1840 1841
John Rutherford. 1841 1842
JohnM. Gregory 1842 1843
James McDowell 1843 1846
William Smith. 1846 1849
JolinB. Floyd : 1849 1852
Joseph Johnson 1852 1856
Henry A. Wise 1856 1860
John Letcher 1860 1864
Francis H. Pierpont 1864 1868
Henry H. Wells 1868 1871
Gilbert C. Walker 1871 1874
James L. Kemper 1874 1878
Salary, $5,000.
Term, three years.
Seat of Government, Richmond.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Alexander Martin 1789 1792
Richard D. Spaight 1792 1795
Samuel Ashe 1795 1798
William R. Davie 1798 1799
Benjamin Williams 1799 1802
TABULAR RECORDS.
575
PROM TO
James Turner 1802 1805
Nathaniel Alexander 1805 1807
Benjamin Williams 1807 1808
David Stone 1808 1810
Benjamin Smith 1810 1811
William Hawkins 1811 1814
William Miller 1814 1817
John Branch 1817 1820
Jesse Franklin 1820 1821
Gabriel Holmes 1821 1824
Hutchins G. Burton 1824 1827
James Iredell 1827 1828
John Owen 1828 1830
Montfort Stokes 1830 1832
David L. Swain 1832 1835
Richard D. Spaight 1835 1837
Edward B. Dudley 1837 1841
John M. Morehead 1841 1845
William A. Graham 1845 1849
Charles Manly 1849 1851
David S. Reid 1851 1855
Thomas Bragg 1855 1859
John W. Ellis 1859 1861
Z. B. Vance 1861 1865
Wm. W. Holden (Provisional) 1865, 1865
Jonathan Worth 1865 1869
William W. Holden 1869 1873
Tod R. Caldwell 1873 1874
Curtis H. Brogden 1874 1877
Salary, ,|5,000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Raleigh.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Charles Pinckney 1789 1792
Arnoldus Vanderhorst 1792 1794
William Moultrie 1794 1796
Charles Pinckney 1796 1798
Edward Rutledge 1798 1800
John Drayton (acting) 1800 1800
John Dravton (acting) 1800 1802
James B. Richardson 1802 1804
Paul Hamilton 1804 1806
Charles Pinckney 1806 1808
John Drayton 1808 1810
Henry Middleton 1810 1812
Joseph Alston 1812 1814
David R. Williams 1814 1816
Andrew J. Pickens 1816 1818
John Geddes 1818 1820
Thomas Bennet 1820 1822
John L. Wilson 1822 1824
Richard I. Manning 1824 1826
John Tavlor 1826 1828
Stephen D. Miller 1828 1830
James Hamilton 1830 1832
Robert Y. Hayne 1832 1834
George McDu'ffie 1834 1836
Pierce M. Butler 1836 1838
Patrick Noble 1838 1840
B. K. Hennegan (acting) 1840 1840
J. P. Richardson 1840 1842
James H. Hammond 1842 1844
William Aiken 1844 1846
David Johnson 1846 1848
W. B. Seabrook 1848 1850
John H. Means 1850 1852
John L. Manning 1852 1854
James H. Adams 1854 1856
R. F. W. Alston .1856 1858
William H. Gist - 1858 1860
Francis W. Pickens I860 1862
M. L. Bonham 1862 1864
A. G. Magrath 1864 1865
Benj. F. Perry (Provisional) 186^ 1866
James L. Orr 1866 1869
FROM TO
Robert K. Scott 1869 1873
F. J. Moses, Jr 1873 1875
Daniel H. Chamberlain 1875 1877
Salary, $4,000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Columbia.
GEORGIA.
George Walton 1789 1790
Edward Telfair 1790 1793
George Matthews 1793 1796
Jared Irwin 1796 1798
James Jackson 1798 1801
David Emanuel (acting) 1801 1801
Josiah Tatnall 1801 1802
John Milledge 1802 1806
Jared Irwin 1806 1809
David B. Mitchell 1809 1813
Peter Early 1813 1815
David B. Mitchell 1815 1817
William Raburn 1817 1819
Matthew Talbot (acting) 1819 1819
John Clark 1819 1823
George M. Troup 1823 1827
John'^ Forsyth 1827 1829
George R. Gilmer 1829 1831
Wilson Lumpkin 1831 1835
William Schley 1835 1837
George R. Gilmer 1837 1839
Charles J. McDonald 1839 1843
George W. Crawford 1843 1847
George W. B. Towns 1847 1851
Howell Cobb 1851 1853
Herschel V. Johnson 1853 1857
Joseph E. Brown 1857 1865
James Johnson (Provisional) 1865 1865
Charles J. Jenkins 1865 1869
Rufus B. Bullock 1869 1872
James Milton Smith 1872 1877
Salary, $4,000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Milledgeville.
FLORIDA.
TERRITORY.
William P. Duval 1822 1884
John H. Eaton 1834 1886
Richard K. Call 1836 1839
Robert R. Reid 1839 1841
Richard K. Call 1841 1844
John Branch 1844 1845
STATE.
William D. Moseley 1845 1849
Thomas Brown 1849 1853
James E. Broome 1853 1857
Madison S. Perry • 1857 1861
John Milton 1861 1864
William Marvin (Provisional) 1865 1866
David S. Walker 1866 1869
Harrison Reed 1869 1873
O. B. Hart 1873 1874
M. L. Stearns 1874 1876
Salary, $5,000.
Term, four years.
Seat of government, Tallahassee.
ALABAMA.
William W. Bibb '. 1819 1820
Thomas Bibb 1820 1821
Israel Pickens 1821 1825
John Murphy 1825 1829
Gabriel Moore 1829 1831
John Gayle 1831 1835
Clement'C. Clay 1835 1837
Arthur P. Bagby 1837 1841
576
TABULAR RECORDS
TROM TO
Benjamin Fitzpatrick 1841 1845
Joshua L. Martin 1845 1847
Reuben Chapman 1847 1849
Heurv W. Collier 1849 1853
John A. Winston 1853 1857
Andrew B. Moore 1857 1861
John G. Shorter 1861 1863
Thomas H. Watts 1863 1865
Lewis E. Parsons (Provisional) 1865 1865
R. M. Patton 1865 1869
Wm. H. Smith 1869 1871
Robt. B. Lindsay 1871 1872
David P. Lewis 1872 1874
George S. Houston 1874 1876
Salary, $4,000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Montgomery.
MISSISSIPPL
TEKRITORY.
Winthrop Sargent 1798 1802
W. C. C. Claiborne 1802 1805
Robert Williams 1805 1809
David Holmes 1809 1817
STATE.
David Holmes 1817 1819
George Poindexter 1819 1821
Walter Leake 1821 1825
David Holmes 1825 1827
Gerard C. Brandon 1827 1831
Abraham M. Scott 1831 1833
Hiram G. Runnels 1833 1835
Charles Lynch 1835 1837
Alexander G. McNutt 1837 1841
Tilgham M. Tucker 1841 1843
Albert G. Brown 1843 1848
Joseph W. Mathews 1848 1850
John A. Quitman 1850 1851
John J. Guion (acting) 1851 1851
James Whitfield 1851 1852
Henry S. Foote 1852 1854
John J. MacRae 1854 1858
William McWillie 1858 1860
John J. Pettus 1860 1862
Jacob Thompson 1862
Wm. L. Sharkey (Provisional) 1865 1866
Benjamin G. Humphries 1866 1868
James L. Alcorn 1868 1870
R. C. Powers 1870 1874
Adelbert Ames 1874 1876
Salary, $3,000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Jackson.
LOUISIANA.
TERRITORY OF ORLEANS.
William C. C. Claiborne 1804 1812
STATE.
William C. C. Claiborne 1812 1816
James Villare 1816 1820
Thomas B. Robertson 1820 1822
H. S. Thibodeaux (acting) 1822 1824
Henry Johnson 1824 1828
Peter Derbigney 1828 1829
A. Bauvais (acting) 1829 1830
Jacques Diipre (acting) 1830 1830
Andre B. Roman 1830 1834
Edward D. White 1834 1838
Andre B. Roman 1838 1841
Alexander Mouton 1841 1845
Isaac Johnson 1845 1850
Joseph Walker 1850 1854
FROM TO
Paul 0. Hebert 1854 1858
R. C. Wickliffe 1858 1860
Thomas 0. Moore 1860 1864
Michael Hahn 1864 1864
James M. Wells 1864 1867
B. F. Flanders (bv militarv authority) 1867 1868
Henrv C. Warmouth *. 1868 1872
William Pitt Kellogg
John McEnerv
Salary, $8,000.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, New Orleans.
TEXAS.
J. Pinckney Henderson 1846 1847
George T. Wood 1847 1849
P. H. Bell 1849 1853
Edward M. Pease 1853 1857
H. G. Runnels 1857 1859
Sam Houston 1859 1861
F. R. Lubbeck 1861 1865
A. J. Hamilton (Provisional) 1865 1866
J. W. Throckmorton 1866 1867
EM. Pease 1867 1870
Edmund J. Davis 1870 1874
Richard Coke 1874 1878
Salary, $5,000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Austin.
ARKANSAS.
TERRITORY.
James Miller 1819 1825
George Izard 1825 1829
John Pope 1829 1835
William S. Fulton 1835 1836
STATE.
James S. Conway 1836 1840
Archibald Yell 1840 1844
Samuel Adams (acting) 1844 1844
Thomas S. Drew 1844 1848
.lohn S. Roane 1848 1852
Elias N. Conway 1852 1860
Henry M. Rector 1860 1864
Isaac Murphy 1864 1869
Powell Clayton 1869 1872
O. A. Hadley (ex off.) 1872 1873
Harris Flannegan 1873 1874
Elisha Baxter 1874 1875
A.H.Garland 1875 1877
Salary, $5,000.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Little Rock.
TENNESSEE.
John Sevier 1796 1801
Archibald Roane 1801 1803
John Sevier. 1803 1809
William Blount 1809 1815
Joseph McMinn 1815 1821
William Carroll 1821 1827
Sam Houston 1827 1829
William Carroll 1829 1835
Newton Cannon 1835 1839
James K.Polk 1839 1841
James C. Jones 1841 1845
Aaron V. Brown " 1845 1847
Neil S. Brown 1847 1849
William Trousdale 1849 1851
William B. Campbell 1851 1853
Andrew Johnson 1853 1857
Isham G. Harris 1857 1861
Andrew Johnson (military) 1862 1864
W. G. Brownlow 1865 1869
TABULAR RECORDS
577
FROM
De Witt C. Senter 1869
Jolin C. Brown 1871
James D. Porter, Jr 1874
Salary, $3,000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Nashville.
KENTUCKY.
Isaac Shelby 1792
James Garrard 1796
Christopher Greenup 1804
Charles Scott 1808
Isaac Shelby 1812
George Madison 1816
G. Slaughter (acting) 1816
John Adair 1820
Joseph Desha 1824
Thomas Metcalfe 1828
John Breathitt 1832
J. T. Morehead (acting) 1834
James Clark 1836
C. A. Wickliffe (acting) 1839
Robert P. Letcher. 1840
William Owsley 1844
John J. Crittenden 1848
John L. Helm (acting) 1850
Lazarus W. Powell 1851
Charles S. Morehead 1855
Beriah Magoffin 1859
J. F. Robinson 1861
Thomas E. Bramlette 1863
John L. Helm 1867
John W. Stevenson (acting) 1867
John W. Stevenson 1868
P. H. Leslie 1871
James B. McCreary 1875
Salary, $5,000.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Frankfort.
OHIO.
TEimiTORY.
Arthur St. Clair 1788
STATE.
Edward Tiffin 1803
Thomas Kirker (acting) 1807
Samuel Huntington 1808
Return J. Meigs 1810
Othniel Looker (acting) 1814
Thomas Worthington 1814
Ethan Allen Brown 1818
Allen Trimble (acting) 1822
Jeremiah Morrow 1822
Allen Trimble 1826
Duncan McArthur 1830
Robert Lucas 1832
Joseph Vance 1836
Wilson Shannon 1838
Thomas Corwin 1840
Wilson Shannon 1842
Thomas W. Bartley (acting) 1844
Mordecai Bartley 1844
William Bebb 1846
Seabury Ford 1848
Reuben Wood 1850
William Medill 1853
Salmon P. Chase 1856
William Dennison ... 1860
David Tod 1862
John Brough 1864
Charles Anderson (acting) 1865
Jacob D. Cox 1866
Rutherford B. Hayes 1868
TO
1871
1874
1878
1796
1804
1808
1812
1816
1816
1820
1824
1828
1832
1834
1836
1837
1840
1844
1848
1850
1851
1855
1859
1861
1863
1867
1867
1868
1871
1875
1879
1803
1807
1807
1810
1814
1814
1818
1822
1822
1826
1830
1832
1836
1838
1840
1842
1844
1844
1846
1848
1850
1853
1856
1860
1862
1864
1865
1866
1868
1872
TROM TO
Edward F. Noyes 1872 1874
William Allen 1874 1876
Rutherford B. Haves 1876 1878
Salary, $4,000. *
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Columbus.
MICHIGAN.
TERRITORY.
William Hull 1805 1814
Lewis Cass 1814 1831
George B. Porter 1831 1834
Stevens T. Mason (acting) 1834 1835
J. S. Horner (acting) 1835 1836
STATE.
Stevens T. Mason 1836 1840
William Woodbridge 1840 1841
J. W. Gordon (acting) 1841 1842
John S. Barry 1842 1846
Alpheus Felch 1846 1847
W. L. Greenley (acting) 1847 1848
Epaphroditus Ransom 1848 1850
John S. Barry 1850 1852
Robert McClelland 1852 1853
A. Parsons (acting) 1843 1855
Kinsley S. Bingham 1855 1857
Kinsley S. Bingham 1857 1859
Moses Wisner 1859 1861
Austin Blair 1861 1865
Henry H. Crapo 1865 1869
Henry P. Baldwin 1869 1873
John J. Bagley 1873 1877
Salary, $1,000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Lansing.
INDIANA.
TERRITORY.
William H. Harrison 1800 1811
John Gibson (acting) 1811 1813
Thomas Posey 1813 1816
STATE.
Jonathan Jennings 1816 1822-
William Hendricks 1822 1825-.
James Brown Ray .1825 1831
Noah Noble 1831 1837
David Wallace 1827 1840
Samuel Bigger 1840 1843
James Whitcomb .1843 1848
Paris C. Dunning* ...1848 1849
Joseph A. Wright 1849 1857
Ashbel P. Willard 1857 Died
Abram A. Hammond 1860 1861
Henry S. Lane 1861 1861
Oliver P. Morton 1861 1867
Conrad Baker 1867 1873^
Thomas A. Hendricks 187S , 1877
Salary, $3,000.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Indianapolia
ILLINOIS..
TERRITORY.,
Ninian Edwards 1809 1818
STATE.
Shadrach Bond 1818 1822
♦During: the unexpired term of Gov. Whitcomb, elected in
1848 to the United States Senate.
578
TABULAR RECORDS.
PROM TO
Edward Coles 1823 1826
Niniaii Edwards 1826 1830
Jolm Reynolds 1830 1834
Joseph Dacan 1834 1838
Thomas Carlin 1838 1842
Thomas Ford 1842 1846
Augustas C. French 1846 1853
Joel A. Matteson 1853 1857
William H. Bissell 1857 1860
Jolm Wood (acting) 1860 1861
Richard Yates 1861 1865
Richard J. Oglesby 1865 1869
John M. Palmer 1869 1873
John L. Beveridge 1873 1877
Salary, $1,500.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Springfield.
' MISSOURI.
TERRITORY.
Benjamin Howard 1812
William Clark
STATE.
Alexander McNair 1820 1824
Frederick Bates 1824 1826
John Miller 1826 1832
Daniel Dunklin 1832 1836
L. W. Boggs 1836 1840
Thomas Reynolds 1840 1844
John C. Edwards 1844 1848
Austin A. King 1848 1853
Sterling Price 1853 1857
Trusten Polk 1857 1857
Hancock Jackson (acting) 1857 1857
R. M. Stewart 1857 1861
Claiborne F. Jackson 1861 1861
H. R. Gamble 1861 1864
Thomas C. Fletcher 1864 1868
Joseph W. McClurg 1868 1871
B. Gratz Brown 1871 1873
Silas Woodson 1873 1875
Charles H.Hardin 1875 1877
Salary, $2,500.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Jefferson City.
IOWA.
TERRITORY.
Robert Lucas 1838 1841
John Chambers 1841 1846
James Clark 1846 1846
STATE.
Ansel Briggs 1846 1850
Stephen Hempstead 1850 1854
James W. Grimes 1854 1858
Ralph P. Lowe 1858 1860
S. J. Kirkwood 1860 1864
William M. Stone 1864 1868
Samuel Merrill 1868 1872
C.C. Carpenter 1872 1876
S. J. Kirkwood 1876 1878
Salary, $2,500.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Des Moines City.
WISCONSIN.
TERRITORY.
Henry Dodge 1836 1841
James D. Dotv 1841 1844
Nathaaiel P. Tallmadge 1844 1845
Henry Dodge 1845 1848
STATE.
FROM TO
Nelson Dewey 1848 1851
Leonard J. Farwell 1851 1853
William A. Barstow 1853 1855
Coles Bashford 1855 1857
Alexander W. Randall 1857 1861
Edward Solomon 1861 1863
James T. Lewis 1863 1866
Lucius Fairchild 1866 1872
C. C. Washburne 1872 1874
William B. Taylor 1874 1876
Harrison Luddington 1876 1878
Salary, $5,000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Madison.
CALIFORNIA.
Peter H. Burnett 1849 1851
John McDougall (acting) 1851 1852
John Bigler 1852 1856
J. Neely Johnson 1856 1858
John B. Weller 1858 1860
M. S. Latham 1860 1862
John G. Downey 1860 1862
Leland Stanford 1861 1863
Frederick F. Low 1863 1868
Henrv H. Haight 1868 1871
Newton Booth 1871 1875
William Irwin 1875 1877
Salary, $7,000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Sacramento.
MINNESOTA.
TERRITORY.
Alexander Ramsey 1849 1853
Willis A. Gorman 1853 1857
Samuel Medary 1857 1858
STATE.
Henry H. Sibley 1858 1858
Alexander Ramsey 1858 1862
Stephen Miller 1863 1866
William R. Marshall 1866 1870
Horace Austin 1870 1874
C. R. Davis 1 874 1876
John S. Pillsbury 1876 1878
Salary, $3,000.
Term, two years
Seat of Government, St. Paul.
OREGON.
TERRITORY.
James Shields 1848
Joseph Lane 1848
John P. Gaines 1850
Joseph Lane 1853
John W. Davis 1853
George L. Curry 1854
STATE.
John Whittaker 1859 1862
A. C. Gibbs 1862 1866
George L. Woods 1866 1870
L. F. Grover 1870 1878
Salary, $1,500.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Salem.
KANSAS.
TERRITORY.
A. H. Reader.
.1854
TABULAR RECORDS.
579
John L. Dawson (Declined) 1855
Wilson Shannon 1855
John W. Geary 1856
R. J. Walker 1857
J. W. Denver 1858
F. P. Stanton 1858
STATE.
Charles Robinson 1861
Thomas Carney from 1861 to 1864
S. J. Crawford from 1864 to 1869
James M. Harvey from 1869 to 1873
Thomas A. Osborne from 1873 to 1875
Salary, $2,000.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Topeka.
W^EST VIRGINIA.
Arthur I. Boreman from 1861 to 1869
William E. Stevenson from 1869 to 1871
John J.Jacob from 1871 to 1877
Salary, $2,700.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Wheeling.
NEVADA.
TERRITORY.
James W. Nye from 1861 to 1864
STATE.
H. G. Blaisdell from 1864 to 1871
James A. Weston from 1871 to 1872
L. R. Bradley from 1872 to 1877
Salary, $6,000.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Carson City.
NEBRASKA.
TERRITORY.
William 0. Butler (Declined) 1854
Francis Burt .1854
Mark W. Izard 1854
William A. Richardson 1857
Samuel W. Black 1861
Alvin Saunders 1864
STATE.
David Butler from 1867 to 1871
William H. James from 1871 to 1873
R. W. Furnas from 1873 to 1875
Silas Garber from 1875 to 1877
Salary, $1,000.
Term, two years.
Seat of Government, Omaha City.
TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO.
James S. Calhoun 1851
William Carr Lane 1852
Solon Borland 1853
David Merriwether 1853
John Greiner 1855
Abraham Rencher 1857
Henry Connelly 1861
Robert B. Mitchell 1865
W. M. T. Arny (acting) 1867
William A. Pile 1869
Charles C. Crowe 1869
Willard Warner 1871
Marsh Giddings 1871
Samuel B. Axtell 1875
Salary, $3,500.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Santa Fe.
TERRITORY OF UTAH.
Brigham Young 1850
Edward J. Steptoe 1854
Alfred Cummings . .1857
S. S. Harding 1861
James D. Doty 1864
Charles Durkee 1865
I. Wilson Shaffer 1870
Vernon H. Vaughn 1870
George L. Woods 1871
S. B. Axtell 1874
George W. Emory 1875
Salary, $3,500.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Great Salt Lake City.
WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
Isaac I. Stevens 1853
J. Patton Anderson 1857
Fayette McMullen 1857
Richard D. Gholson 1861
William H. Wallace 1861
William Pickering 1861
Marshall F. Moore ; 1867
Alvin Flanders 1869
Edward S. Salomon 1870
James F. Legate 1873
Elisha P. Ferry 1873
Salary, $3,500.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Olympia.
TERRITORY OF COLORADO.
John Evans 1861
Alexander Cummings 1865
A. C. Hunt 1867
E. M. McCook 1869
John L. Rault 1875
J. M. Tyner 1875
Salary, $3,500.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Denver.
TERRITORY OF DAKOTA.
William Jayne 1861
Newton Edmunds 1863
Andrew J. Faulk 1866
John A. Burbank 1869
John L. Pennington 1874
Benjamin F. Potts 1874
Salary, $3,500.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Yancton.
TERRITORY OF ARIZONA.
John A. Gurlev (Declined) 1863
John N. Goodwin 1863
M. M. Crocker (Military) 1864
Richard C. McCormick 1866
A. P. K. Safford 1869
A.P. K. Safford 1873
Salary, $3,500.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Prescott.
TERRITORY OF IDAHO.
William H. Wallace 1863
Caleb Lyon, of Lyonsdale 1864
David W. Ballard 1866
Samuel Bard 1870
Oilman Marston 1870
Alexander Connor 1871
Thomas M. Bowen 1871
Thomas W. Bennett 1871
Salary, $3,500.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Boise City.
580
TABULAR RECORDS.
TERRITORY OF MONTANA.
Sidney Edgerton 1864
Frances Meagher (acting) 1^65
Green Clay Smith 1866
James M. Ashley 1869
Benjamin F. Potts 1870
Salary. $3,500.
Term, four years.
Seat of Government, Virginia City.
ALASKA.
Not organized.
Seat of Government, Sitka.
WYOMING.
James A. Campbell 1869
John M. Thayer 1875
Seat of Government, Cheyenne.
INDIAN.
Not organized.
Cyrus Harris 1870
Seat of Government, Tahleguah,
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Henry D. Cooke 1871
Alexander R. Shepard 1873
THE SEAT OE THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT.
The Act of Congress, locating the seat of the Gen-
eral Government on the river Potomac, was approved
by President Washington, July 16, 1790 ; the Com-
missioners who decided that it should bear the name
of the Father of his Country, were Thomas Johnson,
David Stuart, and Daniel Carroll ; and when it be-
came their duty to arrange for erecting the public
buildings they were assisted, in 1795, by Gustavus
Scott, William Thornton, and Alexander White. The
public offices were removed from Philadelphia in
June, 1800 ; the first meeting of Congress took place
here on the third Monday of November of that year ;
and the Act assuming jurisdiction was approved by
President John Adams, February 27, 1801. The name
of the spot once occupied by the Manahoac and Mon-
acan Indians, and now by the Federal city, was Con-
ococheague, meaning Roaring Waters, from the num-
ber of brooks in the vicinity. The city was laid out
by a Frenchman, named L'Enfant, who was the
builder of the City Hall in New York, where Wash-
ington was inaugurated President, and by whose di-
rection he made the plan of the city of Washington.
The site of the National Capitol was once owned by
a man named Pope, who gave it the name of Rome,
and thus became the Pope of Rome ; and the chief
owners of the surrounding lands were D. Carroll, N.
Young, and D. Burns, who cultivated corn, tobacco,
and wheat where the city now stands. The place was
incorporated as a city May 3, 1803, and was visited
and partly destroyed by British troops in 1814. The
Public Buildings, as they at present exist, are the
Capitol ; the Executive Mansion ; the Treasury
Building ; the War and Navy Departments ; the In-
terior Department, in which is located the Patent Of-
fice ; the General Post-Office, and the State Depart-
ment, as yet unfinished. In addition to the above,
the National Metropolis also contains a Navy Yard, a
National Observatory, a National Printing Office, an
Armory, an Arsenal, a Penitentiary, a Military Asy-
lum, the Columbian Institution for the Deaf, Dumb,
and Blind, a Hospital for the Insane, the Smithsonian
Institution, a City Hall, Columbian College, an Infirm-
ary, a National Cemetery, an Art Gallery, as well as
a plentiful supply of Churches, Hotels, Libraries, and
Charitable Establishments. The parks or open
grounds of the city are spacious, generally kept with
care, and to some extent interspersed with fountains
and statues ; and the place is amply supplied with
pure water, brought about twelve miles, by an ex-
tensive aqueduct, from the Great Falls of the Poto-
mac. The City of Georgetown, formerly a separate
corporation, is in reality a part of Washington City,
lies at the head of navigation, is the outlet for the
Ohio and Chesapeake Canal, and contains, among
other attractions, a Roman Catholic College, a Con-
vent, an extensive Cemetery, and many handsome
private residences. In 1871 the two cities were com-
bined under a Territorial Government, Avith a Gov-
ernor, but at the present time is governed by a Board
of Commissioners.
As Washington is the home of the General Gov-
ernment, in which the people throughout the coun-
try are interested, the subjoined table has been pre-
pared from official sources :
TABLE OF DISTANCES, BY THE SHORTEST MAIL ROUTES, FROM WASH-
INGTON TO THE RESPECTIVE CAPITALS AND LEADING CITIES OF THE
SEVERAL STATES AND TEPvRITORIES.
States and
Territories.
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts. .
Rhode Island . ,
Connecticut ....
JjTew York
From PosT-OmoES
AT
Portland . . .
Concord... .
Montpelier. .
Boston
Springfield.
Providence. .
Hartford
New Haven.
Albany
Buffalo
New York . .
To Post-Offices at
OQ
si
J3
a
d
1^
;
S
M
O.
o
rf
1— t
a
o
o
So
a 6
.52
a
o
O
61)
CS
m
O
M
525
13
CM
3
1-^
02
o
MILES.
MILES.
MILES.
MILES.
MILES.
MILES.
MILES.
MILES.
108
344
431
534
572
1,052
1,316
1,129
70
277
366
467
505
982
1,246
1,059
204
304
393
494
532
900
1,164
977
236
323
426
464
944
1,208
1,021
100
139
228
329
367
844
1,108
921
45
191
280
381
419
935
1,241
1,020
136
113
202
303
341
857
1,134
947
160
76
165
266
304
820
1,126
977
203
145
234
335
373
741
1,005
818
501
422
426
404
441
443
707
538
236
89
190
228
744
1,050
901
go
^ o
S3
MILES.
3,480
3,410
3,328
3,373
3,273
3,371
3,398
3,338
3,169
3,889
3,353
TABULAE RECORDS.
581
TABLE OF DISTANCES, BY THE SHORTEST MAIL ROUTES, ETC. -Continued.
States and
Territories.
New Jersey. . . .
Pennsylvania ..
Delaware.
Maryland.
Dist. Columbia.
Virginia
West Virginia.
Ohio
Indiana. . .
Michigan .
Wisconsin .
Illinois.
Iowa. . .
Minnesota.
Nebraska. .
Kansas
N. Carolina.
S. Carolina.
Georgia
Florida.
Alabama . .
Mississippi
Louisiana .
Texas. ...
Arkansas. ,
Tennessee
Kentucky ,
Missouri, .
Colorado. .
Utah
California.
From PosT-OrFicES
at
Trenton
Harrisburg. . . .
Philadelphia. . .
Pittsburg
Wilmington. . .
Annapolis
Baltimore
Washington.. . .
Norfolk
Richmond
Wheeling
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Indianapolis. . .
Detroit
Madison
Milwaukee
Chicago
Springfield
Burlington ....
Des Moines. . . .
Dubuque
St. Paul
Lincoln
Omaha
Leavenworth. . .
Topeka
Raleigh
Wilmington... .
Charleston
Columbia
Atlanta
Augusta
Savannah
Key West
Tallahassee. . . .
Mobile
Montgomery. . .
Jackson
Vicksburg
New Orleans. , .
Galveston
Little Rock . . . .
Memphis
Nashville
Louisville
Kansas City . . .
St. Louis
Denver
Salt Lake City.
Sacramento. . . .
San Francisco. .
To Post-Offices at
MILES.
294
419
323
668
355
462
426
464
626
579
733
944
686
824
969
736
1,153
1,108
1,021
1,167
1,228
1,380
1,211
1,431
1,563
1,515
1,487
1,530
764
829
1,040
961
1,118
1,046
1,146
1,516
1,409
1,471
1,293
1,481
1,526
1,611
1,938
1,535
1,401
1,241
1,054
1,461
1,208
2,121
2,584
3,289
3,372
MILES.
58
183
89
432
119
226
190
228
390
343
497
• 744
573
624
812
678
1,033
988
901
1,010
1,108
1,260
1,091
1,311
1,443
1,395
1,334
1,377
528
593
804
725
882
810
910
1,280
1,173
1,235
1,057
1,245
1,290
1,375
1,702
1,299
1,165
1,005
854
1,308
1,050
1,963
2,464
3,169
3,252
ft
Ah
MILES.
30
108
357
30
137
101
139
301
254
422
669
498
549
737
677
958
913
826
935
1,016
1,178
1,016
1,236
1,351
1,320
1,259
1,302
439
504
715
636
793
721
821
1,369
1,084
1,146
968
1,156
1,201
1,286
1,613
1,210
1,076
916
779
1,233
975
1,888
2,389
3,094
3,177
o
MILES,
132
86
101
335
71
38
200
153
392
602
482
525
713
648
929
891
804
911
994
1,156
994
1,214
1,329
1,298
1,235
1,275
338
403
614
535
692
620
720
1,401
983
1,045
867
1,055
1,100
1,185
1,512
1,109
975
815
712
1,209
944
1,857
2,367
3,072
3,155
So
MILES.
170
123
139
303
109
42
38
220
115
354
564
444
487
675
623
904
859
772
873
983
1,131
962
1,182
1,318
1,266
1,204
1,247
300
365
576
497
654
582
682
1,363
945
1,007
829
1,017
1,062
1,147
1,474
1,071
937
777
674
1,178
906
1,819
2,335
3,040
3,123
.~-a
o
MILES,
700
561
669
312
673
606
602
564
784
600
263
244
120
115
267
428
383
296
313
424
586
486
706
759
784
640
683
759
850
893
841
585
756
880
1,458
1,040
778
601
681
726
864
1,150
622
488
296
110
614
342
1,255
1,853
2,558
2,641
MILES.
1,006
867
975
618
1,005
948
944
906
1,126
942
570
342
522
427
239
497
379
372
285
98
199
348
365
562
450
442
298
341
1,051
1,053
917
865
609
780
904
1,360
1,064
642
591
514
559
697
873
345
321
320
279
272
913
1,511
2,216
2,299
o
bfl
03
o
MILES.
857
718
826
469
856
814
804
772
992
887
457
296
359
314
193
285
132
87
186
207
359
190
410
542
494
510
553
1,055
1,187
1,085
1,033
777
948
1,081
1,577
1,232
858
752
731
776
914
1,143
615
538
488
302
484
285
1,112
1,563
2,268
2,351
MILE8.
3,208
3,069
3,177
2,820
3,207
3,165
3,155
3,123
3,343
3,238
2,808
2,641
2,710
2,665
2,544
2,636
2,355
2,438
2,351
2,298
2,152
2,020
2,209
2,243
1,798
1,857
2.035
2,017
3,350
3,352
3,216
3,164
2,908
3,079
3,203
3,659
3,363
2,941
2,890
2,813
2,858
2,996
3,172
2,644
2,620
2,619
2,578
2,061
2,299
1,445
862
83
The National Capitol, which cost $12,000,000, fronts
the east, and stands on a plateau ninety feet above
the level of the Potomac, in latitude 38° 55' 48"
north, and longitude 77° V 48" west from Greenwich.
The southeast corner-stone of the original build-
ing was laid on the 18th of September, 1793, by Pres-
ident Washington, aided by the Freemasons of Mary-
land. It was constructed of sandstone, painted white,
from an island in Aquia Creek, Virginia, under the
direction of Stephen H. Hallett, James Hoban, George
Hadfield, and afterward of R. H. Latrobe, architects.
The north wing was finished in 1800, and the south
wing in 1811, a wooden passage-way connecting them.
On the 24th of August, 1814, the interior of both
wings was destroyed by British incendiaries, but they
were immediately rebuilt. In 1818 the central por-
tion of the building was commenced under the archi-
tectural superintendence of Charles Bulfinch, and the
original building was finally completed in 1827. Its
cost, including the grading of the grounds, alterations
and repairs, up to 1827, was $2,433,844.13.
The corner-stone of the extensions to the Capitol
582
TABULAR RECORDS
was laid on the 4tli of July, 1851, by President Fill-
more, Daniel Webster officiatinof as orator of the day.
Thomas U. Walter was architect, and subsequently
Edward Clark, under whose direction the work was
completed in November, 1867. The material used
for the extensions is white marble from the quarries
at Lee, Massachusetts, with white marble columns
from the quarries at Cockeysville. Maryland.
The dome of the original central building was con-
structed of wood, but was removed in 1856 to be re-
placed by the present stupendous structure of cast
iron, which was completed in 1865. The entire
weight of iron used is 8,909,200 pounds.
The main building is three hundred and fifty-two
feet four inches long in front, and one hundred and
twenty one feet six inches deep, with a portico one
hundred and sixty feet wide, of twenty- four columns
on the east, and a projection of eighty-three feet on
the west, embracing a recessed porlico of ten coupled
columns. The extensions are placed at the north and
south ends of the main building, with connecting
corridors forty-four feet long by fifty-six feet wide,
flanked by columns. Each extension is one hundred
and forty-two feet eight inches in front, by two hun-
dred and thirty-eight feet ten inches deep, with por-
ticos of twenty-two columns each on their eastern
fronts, and with porticos of ten columns on their ends
and on their western fronts. The entire length of
the building is seven hundred and fifty-one feet four
inches, and the greatest depth, including porticos
and steps is three hundred and twenty-four feet.
The area covered by the entire building is one hun-
dred and fifty-three thousand one hundred and twelve
square feet.
The dome is crowned by a bronze statue of Free-
dom, modeled by Thomas Crawford, which is nine-
teen feet six inches high, and which weighs four-
teen thousand nine hundred and eighty-five pounds.
The height of the dome above the base-line of the
east front is two hundred and eighty-seven feet
eleven inches ; tbe height from the top of the balus-
trade of the building is two hundred and seventeen
feet eteven inches ; and the greatest diameter at the
base is one hundred and thirty-five feet five inches.
The rotunda is ninety-five feet six inches in diame-
ter, and its height from the floor to the top of the can-
opy is one hundred and eighty feet three incbes. It
is adorned with paintings of the " Declaration of In-
dependence," " Surrender at Saratoga," "Surrender
at Yorktown," and " Resignation of Washington at
Annapolis," by John Trumbull ; " Embarkation of
the Pilgrims," by Robert W. Weir ; "Columbus' Dis-
covery of America," by John Vanderlyn ; " Baptism
of Pocahontas," by John G. Chapman; and " De
Soto's Discovery of the Mississippi," by William H.
Powell.
The Senate Chamber is one hundred and twelve
feet in length, by eighty-two feet in width, and
thirty feet in height, in the corridor of which are
paintings of the "Battle of Chapultepec," by James
Walker, and the "Battle of Lake Erie," by William
H. Powell.
The Representatives' Hall is one hundred and
thirty feet in length, by ninety-three feet in width,
and thirty feet in height, and in one of the corridors
is a painting, " Emigrants Crossing the Rocky Moun-
tains," by Emanuel Leutz.
The Supreme Court room was occupied by the Sen-
ate until December, 1860, the court having previously
occupied the room beneath, now used as a law library.
The Library of Congress was burned by the Brit-
ish in 1814, and was partially destroyed by an acci-
dental fire in 1851. The present centre hall was fin-
ished in 1853, and the wing halls in 1867.
In the way of art, aside from the decorations, there
are to be found in the Capitol a few statues and por-
traits of noted men, executed by artists of superior
merit and reputation.
With regard to the Public Buildings, the archi-
tects were as follows : Patent Office — Robert Mills,
Thomas U. Walter, and Edward Clark. Post Oflftce
Building— Robert Mills, Thomas U. Walter, and Ed-
ward Clark. Treasury Department — Robert Mills,
A. B. Young, Isaiah Rogers, A. B. Mullett, and Wm.
A. Potter. The new State, Navy and War Depart-
ments— A. B. Mullett and Wm. A. Potter. Smith-
sonian Institute — James Renwick.
The following list gives the names of the men who
have held the office of Mayor of W^ashington, to-
gether with the time each served :
Robert Brent— 1802-1812.
Daniel Rapim— 1812-1813.
James H. Blake— 1813-1817.
B. G. Orr— 1817-1819.
Sam uel Small wood— 1 81 9-1822.
Thomas Carbery— 1822-1824.
Samuel Smallwood — 1824, June to October (died).
R. C. Weightman— 1824-1827 (resigned).
Joseph Gales— 1827-1830.
J. P. Van Ness— 1830-1834.
W. A. Bradlev— 1834-1 8;;6.
Peter Force— 1836-1840.
W. W. Seaton— 1840-1850.
W. Lenox— 1850-1852.
J. W. Maury— 1852-1854.
J. T. Towers— 1854-1856.
W. B. Magruder— 1856-1858.
J. G. Berret— 1858-1861.
R. Wallach— 1861-1868.
S. J. Bowen— 1868-1870.
M. G. Emery— 1870-1871.
EIGHT OF SUFFEAGE IN EACH STATE.
AS IT EXISTED PRIOR TO THE RATIFICATION OF THE AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITU-
TION GRANTING UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE, AND THUS GIVEN
FOR PURPOSES OF REFERENCE.
[from the state constitutions.]
MAINE
Gives the ballot to every male citizen of the United
States of the age of twenty-one years and upward,
excepting paupers, persons under guardianship, and
Indians not taxed, having resided in the State three
months.— (Cortstitution of Oct. 29, 1819.)
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Gives the ballot to "every male inhabitant" of
twenty-one years, except paupers and persons ex-
cused from paying taxes at their own request. Free-
hold property qualifications were formerly required
for office-holders, but these are abolished. New
Hampshire never excluded colored men from voting
or holding office. — {Constitution o/1792.)
VERMONT.
Every man twenty-one years of age, who has re-
sided one year in the State, and who will take an
oath to vote "so as in his conscience he sliall judge
will most conduce to the best good " of the State,
may vote. — {Constitution <?/1793.)
TABULAR RECORDS.
583
MASSACHUSETTS.
The ballot belongs to every male citizen, twenty-
one years of age (except paupers and persons under
guardiansliip), who shall have paid any tax assessed
within two years, or who shall be exempted from
taxation. But no person has the right to vote, or is
eligible to ofRce under the Constitution of this Com-
monwealth, who is not able to read the Constitution
in the English language and write his name. But
this provision does not apply to any person prevented
by a physical disability from complying with its re-
quisitions, nor to any persons who shall be sixty
years of age or upward at the time this amendment
shall take effect. — {Amendment to Constitution of
1780.)
RHODE ISLAND
Gives the right of suffrage : —
1. To every male citizen of full age, one year in
the State, six months in the town, owning real estate
worth one hundred and thirty-four dollars, or renting
seven dollars per annum.
2. To every native male citizen of full age, two
years in the State, six months in the town, who is
duly registered, who has paid one dollar tax, or" done
militia service within the year. — {Constitution of
1842.)
CONNECTICUT
Gives the ballot to all persons, whether white or
black, who were freemen at the adoption of her Con-
stitution (1818), and subsequently to " every white
male citizen of the United States," of full age, resi-
dent six months in the town, and owning a freehold of
the yearly value of seven dollars, or who shall have
performed militia duty, paid a State tax, and sus-
tained a good moral character within the year. This
was amended in 1845 by striking out the property
and tax-paying qualification, and fixing the residence
at one year in the State and six months in the town.
Only those negroes have A'-oted in Connecticut who
were admitted freedmen prior to 1818.
INDIANA
Gives the right of suffrage to " every white male
citizen of the United States," of full age and six
months' residence in the State, and every white male
of foreign birth and full age, who has resided one
year in the United States, and six months preceding
the election in the State, and who has declared his
intention to become a citizen. No person shall lose
his vote by absence in the service of the State or
United States
right of suffrage."
ILLINOIS
Gives the vote to "every white male citizen" of
full age, residing one year in the State, and " every
white male inhabitant " wlxo was a resident of the
State at the adoption of this Constitution, Like pro-
visions to those of Indiana exist here relative to per-
sons in the service of the United States. — {Constitu-
tion (?/1847.)
MISSOURI,
By her Free State Constitution of 1865, excludes
the blacks from voting.
MICHIGAN
Gives the ballot to every white male citizen, to
every white male inhabitant residing in the State
June 24th, 1835, and to every white male inhabitant
residing in the State January 1st, 1850, who has de-
clared his intention, etc., or who has resided two
and a half years in the State, and declared his inten-
tion, and to every civilized male Indian inhabitant,
not a member of any tribe. But no person shall vote
" No negro or mulatto shall have the
unless of full age, and a resident three months in the
State and six days in the town. — (Constitution of
1850.) -^
IOWA.
Every " white male citizen " of U. S., of full age,
resident six months in the State, sixty days in the
county, has the right of voting.
NEW YORK
Admits to the suffrage " every male citizen " of
full age, who shall have been ten days a citizen, one
year in the State, four mouths in the county, and
thirty days in the district. But no man of color shall
vote unless he has been three years a citizen of the
State, and for one year the owner of a freehold worth
$250, over incumbrances, on which he shall have
paid a tax, and he is to be subject to no direct
tax unless he owns such freehold. Laws are
authorized and have been passed excluding from the
suffrage persons convicted of bribery, larceny, or in-
famous crime, also persons betting on the election.
No person gains or loses a residence by reason of
presence or absence in the service of the United
States — nor in navigation — nor as a student in a
seminary — nor in an asylum or prison. A registry
law also exists.
NEW JERSEY
Gives the ballot, by its Constitution of 1844, to
" every white male citizen " of the United States, of
full age, residing one year in the State and five
months in the county, except that no pauper, idiot,
insane person, or person convicted of a crime which
excludes him from being a witness, shall vole.
PENNSYLVANIA
Gives a vote to " every white freeman," of full age,
who has resided one year in the State and ten days
in the election district, and has within two years paid
a tax, except that a once qualified voter returning
into the State after an absence which disqualifies him
from voting, regains his vote by a six months' resi-
dence, and except that white free citizens under
twenty-two and over twenty-one vote without paying
taxes.
OHIO
Limits the elective franchise to " every white male
citizen " of the United States, of full age, resident
one year in the State. — {Constitution of 1851.) But
the courts of Ohio having held that every person of
one -half white blood is a '' white male citizen " within
the Constitution, and that the burden of proof is with
the challenging party — to show that the person is
more than half black, which is impracticable — in
practice, negroes in Ohio vote without restriction.
W^ISCONSIN.
Every male person of full age, resident one year in
the State and being either : 1. A white citizen of the
United States ; 2. A white alien who has declared
his intention ; 3. A person of Indian blood who has
been declared a citizen by act of Congress ; 4. Civi-
lized persons of Indian descent not members of any
tribe.
CALIFORNIA.
Every white male citizen of the United States (or
of Mexico, who shall have elected to become a citizen
of the United States under treaty of Queretaro) of full
age, resident six months in the State and thirty days
in the district. The Legislature has power to extend
the right to Indians and their descendants.
MINNESOTA.
Every male person of full age, resident one year in
the United States and four months in the State, and
being either : 1. A citizeii of the United States ; 2. An
584
TABULAR RECORDS.
alien wlio lias declared his intention ; 3. Civilized
persons of mixed white and Indian blood ; 4. Civil-
ized Indians certified by a district court to be fit for
citizenship.
OREGON.
Every w^hite male citizen of full age, six months a
resident in the State, and every w^hite male alien, of
full age, resident in the United States one year, who
has declared his intention, may vote ; but " no negro,
Chinaman, or mulatto."
KANSAS
Gives the ballot to every white male adult resident
six months in the State, and thirty days in the town,
who is either a citizen, or has declared his intention.
WEST VIRGINIA.
Every white male citizen (except minors, lunatics,
and felons), resident one year in the State, and thirty
days in the county.
NEVADA.
The law on the right of suffrage is similar to that
of Oregon.
NEBRASKA.
White citizens, native and naturalized, who have
attained the age of twenty-one, and resided in the
State for the period provided by law.
DELAWARE,
By her Constitution as revised in 1831, Art. 4, Sec.
1, gives the elective franchise to every free white
male citizen of the age of twenty-two years who has
resided one year in the State and the last month
thereof in the county, and who has within two years
paid a county tax, assessed at least six months before
the election ; every free white male citizen over
twenty-one and under twenty-two may vote without
paying any tax. Idiots, insane persons, paupers, and
felons are excluded from voting, and the Legislature
may impose forfeiture of the righ*. of suffrage as a
punishment for crime.
MARYLAND,
By her Constitution adopted in 1851, Art. 1, Sec, 1,
allows " every free white male person of twenty-one
years of age, or upward," who has resided one year in
the State, six months in the county, and is a citizen of
the United States, to vote in th'e election district in
which he resides ; but no adult convicted of an in-
famous crime, unless pardoned, and no lunatic or per-
son non compos mentis, shall xote.—( Unchanged hy
Constitution of l^QH .)
VIRGINIA,
By her Constitution of 1851, admitted to vote " every
white male citizen of Virginia of twenty-one years,
who has resided two years in the State, and twelve
months in the county, except persons of unsound
mind, paupers, noncommissioned officers, soldiers,
seamen, or marines in the United States service, or
persons convicted of bribery, or some infamous
offense ; persons in the military and naval United
States service not to be deemed residents by virtue of
being stationed therein."
NORTH CAROLINA.
By the Constitution, as amended in 1835, all free-
men twenty-one years of age, living twelve months
in the State, and owning a freehold of fifty acres for
six months, should vote, except that
"No free negro, free mulatto, or free person of
mixed blood, descended from negro ancestors to the
fourth generation inclusive (though one ancestor of
each generation may have been a white person), shall
vote for members of the Senate or House of Com-
mons.
SOUTH CAROLINA,
By her Constitution of 1865, gives the right of
voting to every person who has the following quali-
fications : He shall be a free white man, who has
attained the age of twenty-one years, and is not a
pauper, nor a non-commissioned officer or private
soldier of the army, nor a seaman or a marine of the
navy of the United States. He shall for two years
preceding the election have been a citizen of the
State, or, for the same period, an emigrant from
Europe, who has declared his intention to become a
citizen of the United States. He shall have resided
in the State at least two years preceding the election
and for the last six months in the district.
GEORGIA,
By her new Constitution, adopted in 1865, declares
that the electors of the General Assembly shall be
free white male citizens of the State, and shall have
attained the age of twenty-one years, and shall have
paid all taxes which may have been required of them,
and which they have had an opportunity of paying
agreeably to law, for the year preceding the election;
shall be citizens of the United States ; and shall have
resided six months either in the district or county,
and two years within the State.
KENTUCKY,
By her Constitution adopted in 1850, makes " every
white male citizen, of the age of twenty-one years,"
who has resided two years in the State, one year in
the county, and sixty days in the precinct, a voter.
TENNESSEE,
By her former Constitution, adopted in 1834, gave
the elective franchise to every free white man of the
age of twenty-one years, being a citizen of the United
States, and for six months a resident of the county ;
provided, that all persons of color who are competent
witnesses in a court of justice against a white man,
may also vote.
LOUISIANA,
By the Constitution of 1852, gave the ballot to every
free white male who has attained the age of twenty-
one years, and has resided twelve months in the State
and six months in the parish.
MISSISSIPPI
Makes every free white male person of twenty-one
years of age, who shall be a citizen of the United
States, who has resided one year in the State, and
four months in the county, a qualified elector. — {Old
Constitution.)
ALABAMA.
Is the same as Mississippi, with the substitution of
three months' residence in the county. — {Old Constitu-
tion.)
FLORIDA
Limits the suffrage to " every free white male per-
son " of twenty -one years of age, a citizen of the
United States, two years a resident of the State, and
six months of the county, duly enrolled in the militia,
and duly registered ; provided, that no soldier or sea-
man quartered therein shall be deemed a resident ; and
the Legislature may exclude from voting, for crime.
— {Old Constitution.)
ARKANSAS
Makes every free white male citizen of the United
States, twenty-one years of age, who shall have re-
sided six months in the State, a qualified voter in the
I
TABULAR RECORDS.
685
district where he resides, except that no soldier, sea-
man, or marine in the United States service can vote
in the State. — {Old Constitution.)
TEXAS.
Gives the vote to ' ' every free male person " who
shall have attained the age of twenty-one years, a
citizen of the United States, or of the Republic of
Texas, one year a resident of the State, and six
months of the county (Indians not taxed, Africans
and the descendants of Africans excepted.) — {Old Con-
stitution.)
QUALIFICATIONS FOR
GOVERNOES, SENATORS,
IN EACH STATE.
AND REPRESENTATIVES
[from the state constitutions prior to the amendments "WHICH THEY HAVE RECENTLY UNDER-
GONE AND ARE NOW UNDERGOING.]
MAINE.
Governor. — A native citizen of the United States,
five years a citizen of the State, and thirty years of
age. 'Senators. — Five years a citizen of the United
States, one year of the State, and twenty-five years of
age. Representatives. — A citizen of the United States
five years, an inhabitant of the State one year, and
twenty-one years of age.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Governor. — A citizen of the United States seven
years, an estate of £500 (one-half a freehold), and
thirty years of age. Senators. — Residence in the
State seven years, a freehold estate of £200, and
thirty years of age. Representatives. — Two years an
inhabitant of the State, and an estate of £100 (one-
half a freehold).
VERMONT.
Go'oernor. — A citizen of the State four years. Sen-
ators.— A qualified voter, and thirty years of age.
Representatives. — Persons most noted for wisdom and
virtue, and who have resided in the State two years.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Governor. — A citizen of the State seven years, and
a freehold of £1000. Senators. — Five years a citizen
of the State, a resident in the district where elected.
Representatives. — A citizen of the State one year.
RHODE ISLAND.
Governors, Senators, and Representatives. — Their
qualifications are not specified in the State Constitu-
tion only to the extent that they must make oath to
support the State and Federal Constitutions.
CONNECTICUT.
Governor. — A voter, and thirty years of age. Sen-
ators.— A qualified voter. Representative. — A quali-
fied voter.
NEW YORK.
Governor. — A citizen of the United States, five
years a citizen of the State, a freeholder, and thirty
years of age. Senators. — A qualified voter, and a
freeholder. Representatives. — No qualifications.
NEW JERSEY.
Governor. — A resident of the State for seven years,
and of the United States twenty years. Senator. —
A citizen of the State four years, and thirty years of
age. Representatives. — A citizen of the State two
years, and twenty years of age, and estate of £500,
proclamation money.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Governor. — A citizen of the State seven years, and
thirty years of age. Senators.— K citizen of the State
four years, and of the district where chosen the last
year, and twenty-five years of age. Representatives.
— A citizen of the State three years, and for the last
year a citizen of the city or county where chosen.
DELAWARE.
Governor. — A citizen of the United States twelve
years, of the State the last six years, and thirty years
of age. Senators. — A citizen of the State three years,
a freehold of two hundred acres, or £1,000, and twen-
ty-seven years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of
the State three years, and twenty-four years of age.
MARYLAND.
Governor. — A resident of the State above five years,
and thirty years of age. Senators. — A resident of the
State three years, and twenty-five years of age. Rep-
resentatives. — Resident in the county where chosen
one year, and twenty-one years of age.
VIRGINIA.
Governor. — A native citizen of the United States,
citizen of the State five years, and thirty years of
age ; ineligible for three years after the first term.
Senators. — A resident and freeholder in the district
where chosen, and thirty years of age. Representa-
tives.— A resident and freeholder in the county where
chosen, and twenty-five years of age. — {Old Constitu-
tion.)
NORTH CAROLINA.
Governor. — A resident in the State five years, free-
hold in the State of more than £1,000, and thirty
years of age. Senators. — A citizen of the county
where chosen one year, and three hundred acres
of land. Representatives. — A citizen of the county
where chosen one year, one hundred acres of land in
fee or for the term of his life. — {Old Constitution.)
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Governor. — A citizen of the State ten years, an
estate of £1,500, sterling, clear of debt, and thirty
years of age. Senators. — A citizen of the State five
years, a resident of the district where chosen, and an
estate of £300, sterling ; or, not being a resident, an
estate of £1,000, and thirty years of age. Represen-
tatives.— A citizen of the State three years, a resident,
and an estate of five hundred acres of land, ten ne-
groes, or £150 sterling in real estate ; or, not being a
resident, an estate of £500 sterling. — {Old Constitu-
tion.)
GEORGIA.
Governor. — A citizen of the United States twelve
years, and of the State six years, an estate of five
hundred acres of land, and other property amounting
to $4,000 more than debts due, and thirty years of
age. Senators. — A citizen of the United States nine
years, and of the State three years, a freehold of
$500, or taxable property of $1,000 more than debts
due, all legal taxes paid, and twenty- five years of
586
TABULAR RECORDS.
age. Representatives. — A citizen of tlie United States
seven years, and of the State three years, a freehold
of $250, or taxable property of $500 more than debts
due, and all legal taxes paid, — {Old Constitution.)
ALABAMA.
Governor. — A native citizen of the United States,
and a citizen of the State four years, thirty years of
age, and ineligible for more than four successive
years. Senators. — A citizen of the United States, of
the State two years, and of the district where chosen
one year, and twenty-seven years of age. Represent-
atives.— A citizen of the United States, of the State
two years, and of the county where chosen one year,
and twenty-one years of age. — {Old Constitution.)
MISSISSIPPI
Governor. — A citizen of the United States twenty
years, and of the State five years, a freehold estate of
$2,000, and thirty years of age ; ineligible for more
than four successive years. Senators. — A citizen of
the United States and of the State four years, the
last year residing in the district where chosen, and
thirty years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of
the United States and of the State two years, the last
year residing in the county where chosen, a freehold
estate of $500, and twenty-one years of age, — {Old
Constitution. )
LOUISIANA,
Governor. — A citizen of the United States and of
the State six years, an estate of $5,000 and thirty-five
years of age. Senators. — A citizen of the United
States, of the State four years, and in the district
where chosen one year, an estate of $1,000, and
twenty-seven years of age. Representatives. — A citi-
zen of the United States, of the State two years, and
of the count}' where chosen one year, an estate in land
of $500, and twenty-one years of age. — {Old Constitu-
tion.)
TENNESSEE.
Governor. — A citizen of the United States and of
the State seven years, and thirty years of age. Sena-
tors.— A citizen of the United States, three years'
residence in the State, and in the county wliere
chosen one year, and thirty years of age. Represent-
atives.— A citizen of the United States, and of the
State three years, residence in the county where
chosen one year, and twenty-one years of age. — {Old
Constitution.
KENTUCKY.
Governor. — A citizen of the United States and of
the State six years, thirty-five years of age, and inel-
igible for more than one term in seven years. Sena-
tors.— A citizen of the United States, of the State six
years, and of the district where chosen the last year,
and thirty -five years of age. Representatives. — A cit-
izen of the United States, of the State two years, and
of the county where chosen the last year, and twen-
ty-four years of age.
OHIO.
Governor.— K citizen of the United States twelve
years, an inhabitant of the State four years, and thir-
ty-five years • of age. Senators.— A. citizen of the
United States, and of the district where chosen two
years, having paid a State and county tax, and thirty
years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the
United States, an inhabitant of the State, and a resi-
dent in the county where chosen one year, having
paid a State or county tax, and twent3^-five years of
age.
INDIANA.
Governor.— -A. citizen of the United States ten
years, and of the State five years, and thirty years of
age. Senators.— A citizen of the United States, of the
State two years, and of the district wliere chosen the
last year, having paid a State or county tax, and twenty-
five years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the
United States, and of the State and county where
chosen one year, having paid a State or county tax,
and twenty-one years of age.
ILLINOIS.
Governor. — A citizen of the United States thirty
years, and of the State two years, thirty years of age,
and ineligible for two successive terms. Senators. —
A citizen of the United States, and of the district
where chosen the last year, having paid a State or
county tax, and twenty-five years of age, Repi'esent-
atives. — A citizen of the United States, and an inhab-
itant of the State and county where chosen, having
paid a State or county tax, and twenty-one years of
age.
MISSOURI.
Governor. — A native citizen of the United States, a
resident of the State four years, aiid thirty-five years
of age. Senators. — A citizen of the United States, of
the State four years, and of the district where chosen
one year, having paid a State or county tax, and
thirty years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of
the United States, of the State two years, and of
the county where chosen one year, having paid a
State or county tax, and twenty-four years of age.
MICHIGAN.
Governor. — A citizen of the United States five
years, and a resident of the State the last two years.
Senators. — A citizen of the United States, and a
qualified voter in the county where chosen. Repre-
sentatives.— Same as the Senators.
ARKANSAS.
Governor. — A native citizen of the United States,
or a resident of the State ten years previous to the
adoption of the Constitution, and four years preced-
ing the election. Senators. — A citizen of the United
States, a resident of the State one year, and thirty
years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the
United States, a resident of the county where chosen,
and twenty-five years of age. — {Old Constitution.)
FLORIDA.
Governor. — Must be thirty years of age, have been
a citizen of the United States for ten years, or an in-
habitant of Florida at the time of the adoption of the
Constitution, and a resident of the State five years
preceding the day of election. Senators. — A citizen
of the United States, a resident of the State for two
years, one year a resident of the district in which he
resides, and must be twenty-five years of age. Rep-
resentatives.— Must have attained the age of twenty-
one years, and in other particulars qualified as are
the Senators. — {Old Constitution.)
TEXAS.
Governor. — ^Must be thirty years of age, a citizen
of the United States, and have been a resident of
the State for three years preceding his election.
Senators. — -Must have attained the age of thirty
years, be a citizen of the United States, a resident in
the State for three years preceding his election, and
one year in the district wliere he resides. Represent-
atives.— Must be a citizen of the United States, have
resided in the State two years, in his district one year,
and have attained the age of twenty-one years. {Old
Constitution.)
IOWA.
Governor. — Must be thirty years of age, a citizen
of the United States, and a resident of the State for
two years. Senators. — ^Must be twenty-five years of
TABULAR RECORDS
587
age, a citizen of tlie United States, a resident of the
State for one year, and of the district where he re-
sides at least sixty days. Representatives. — Must be
twenty-one years of age, and in other respects possess
the qualifications of Senators.
WISCONSIN.
Governor. — No person except a citizen of the
United States, and a qualified elector of the State,
shall be eligil)le to this office. Senators and Repre-
sentatives.— No person shall be eligible to the Legis-
lature who shall not have resided in the State one
year, and be a qualified elector in the district where
he resides.
CALIFORNIA.
Governor. — Must be twenty-five years of age, a
citizen of the United States, and a resident of the
State for two years. Senators and Representatives. —
Must be qualified electors, residents of the State one
year, and of their districts six months.
MINNESOTA.
Governor. — Must be a citizen of the United States,
twenty-five years of age, and a resident of the State
for one year. Senators and Representatives. — Shall
be qualified voters of the State, and shall have re-
sided one year in the State and six months in the
district from which they are elected.
OREGON.
Governor. — Must be a citizen of the United States,
thirty years of age, and three years a resident of the
State. Senators and Representatives. —Must be
twenty-one years of age, citizens of the United States,
and residents of their several districts for one year
preceding their election.
KANSAS.
Governor. — Must be thirty years of age, a citizen
of the United States, and have resided two years in
the State. Senators.— Must be twenty-five years of
age, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of
the State for one year. Representatives. — Must be
twenty-one years of age, and possess the other quali-
fications of Senators.
WEST VIRGINIA.
Governor. — His qualifications are not specified in
the Constitution of the State. Senators and Represent-
ative.^.— Must have been residents of the district or
county where chosen for one year next preceding the
election.
NEVADA.
Governor. — Must be twenty-five years of age, and
a citizen of the State two years. Senators and Repre-
sentatives.— Their qualifications are not specified in
the Constitution of the State, excepting so far as
being qualified electors.
NEBRASKA.
Governor, Senators and Representatives. — Their
qualifications are not specified in the State Constitu-
tion, excepting so far as being citizens and qualified
electors.
DIPLOMATIC AGENTS OF THE UNITED STATES,
Prior to 1789.
[from the official kecords of the department of state.]
(For further information respecting these men, see Biographical Annals.)
SILAS DEANE, of Connecticut :
Sent to France, March, 1776, by the Committee
of Secret Correspondence of Congress, and au-
thorized to act as a political and commercial
agent of the United States.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania ; SILAS
DEANE, of Connecticut ; and THOMAS JEFFER-
SON, of Virginia :
Elected Commissioners, September 26, 1776, to
take charge of American affairs in Europe, and
to procure a treaty of alliance with France.
Mr. Jefferson declined, and
ARTHUR LEE, of Virginia,
Was, October 22, 1776, elected in his place. Mr.
Lee was then in London and Mr. Deane in
Paris. Dr. Franklin sailed from Philadelphia,
October 26, 1776, and reached Paris about De-
cember 20, 1776.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania :
Elected January 1, 1774, by Congress, Commis-
sioner to Spain, and commissioned as such on
the following day.
ARTHUR LEE, of Virginia :
Elected May 1, 1777, by Congress, Commissioner
to Spain, and commissioned as such June 5,
1777 ; but he did not go there in that capacity.
Mr. Jay's appointment as Minister superseded
him.
RALPH IZARD, of South Carolina :
Elected by Congress, May 7, 1777, Commissioner
to Tuscany, and commissioned as such July 1,
1777. He did not visit Tuscany, and was re-
called June 8, 1779.
WILLIAM LEE, of Virginia :
Elected, May 9, 1777, Commissioner to communi-
cate and treat with the Emperor of Germany,
and also with the King of Prussia, and he was
commissioned as such July 1, 1777. He was
unable to visit either coui't, and was recalled
by resolution of Congress, June 9, 1779.
JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts:
Elected a Commissioner, November 28, 1777, in
the place of Silas Deane, who was recalled No-
vember 21, 1777.
September 14, 1778, the commission was dis-
solved, and
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania,
Elected Minister Plenipotentiary to France. He
was commissioned October 26, 1778.
JOHN JAY, of New York :
Elected Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain, Sep-
tember 27, 1779, to negotiate a treaty of alli-
ance and of amity and commerce. He arrived
in Madrid in the spring of 1780.
JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts :
Elected, September 27, 1779, Minister Plenipo-
tentiary for negotiating a treaty of p-eace
and a treaty of commerce with Great Brit-
ain.
WILLIAM CARMICHAEL, of Maryland:
Elected, September 28, 1779, Secretary of Lega-
tion to Spain. When Mr. Jay left Spain (in
June, 1782) Mr. Carmichael was left as Charge
d' Affaires ad interim. He was formally recog-
nized as Charge, February, 1873, and remained
at Madrid under that appointment until re-
58S
TABULAR EECORDS
appointed as such September 29, 1789. He
was recommissioned the following April.
FRANCIS DANA, of Massachusetts :
Elected, September 28, 1779, Secretary of Lega-
tion, to accompany Mr. John Adams, appointed
as above.
HENRY LAURENS, of South Carolina :
Elected, October 21, 1779, to negotiate a loan in
Holland ; elected November 1 , 1779, and same
day empowered to negotiate a treaty with Hol-
land.
JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts :
Empowered, June 20, 1780, to negotiate a treaty
with Holland, in the place of Laurens, who
had been made prisoner by the enemy.
FRANCIS DANA, of Massachusetts :
Was elected, December 19, 1780, Minister-Resident
in Russia. He was never received as such.
JOHN LAURENS, of South Carolina :
Commissioned, December 23, 1780, Special Minis-
ter to France to solicit new aid.
JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts ; JOHN JAY, of
New York ; HENRY LAURENS, of South Caro-
lina ; BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania ;
THOMAS JEFFERSON, of Virginia :
Empowered, June 15, 1781, to negotiate a treaty
of peace with Great Britain.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned, September 28, 1782, to negotiate a
treaty with Sweden.
JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts ; BENJAMIN
FRANKLIN, of Pennsylvania ; and THOMAS JEF-
FERSON, of Virginia :
Empowered, May 12, 1784, to conclude treaties of
commerce with Russia, Germany, Prussia, Den-
mark, Saxony, Haniburg, England, Spain, Por-
tugal, Naples, Sardinia, the Pope, Venice, Ge-
noa, Tuscany, the Porte, ]\[orocco, Algiers, Tri-
poli, Tunis. On the 3d day of June, 1784, the
same Plenipotentiaries were empowered to con-
clude a supplementary treaty with Sweden.
DAVID HUMPHREYS, of Connecticut :
Elected, May 12, 1784, the Secretary to the Com-
mission for Negotiating the Treaties of Com-
merce
THOMAS JEFFERSON, of Virginia :
Commissioned, March 10, 1785, Minister Plenipo-
tentiary to France. He remained in France
until the close of September, 1789. On the 12th
of October, 1787, he was re-elected for a term
of three years, subject to the revocation of
Congress.
JOHN ADAMS, of Massachusetts:
Appointed, March 14, 1785, Minister Plenipoten-
tiary to Great Britain. Mr. Adams took leave
of the king, Februarv 20, 1788.
JOHN ADAMS SMITH, of 'Massachusetts :
Appointed, March 14, 1785, Secretary of Legation
to Great Britain.
THOMAS ROWLEY :
October 5, 1785, Mr. Adams and Mr. Jefferson,
under powers from Congress, empowered him
to conclude a Treaty with Morocco, and
JOHN LAMB
At the same time empowered to conclude one with
Algiers.
Since 1789.
ALGIERS.
DAVID HUMPHREYS, of Connecticut :
Commissioner Plenipotentiary ; commissioned,
March 21, 1798. Admiral John Paul Jones
appointed Commissioner, June 1, 1792, to treat
on peace and ransom of captives, with Thomas
Barclay as substitute ; died before receiving
appointment. Barclay died soon after, with-
out going to Morocco. Humphreys, then Min-
ister-Resident at Lisbon, appointed in their
stead, March, 1795, James Donaldson, Consul
to Tunis and Tripoli, and Pierre Eric Skjol-
debrand. Consul at Algiers, who were in-
structed to act under his directions in negotia-
ting a treaty. Joel Barlow added to the
negotiators by Monroe and Humphreys.
Treaty actually concluded by Donaldson ;
approved bv Humphreys.
WILLIAM SHALER (Consul-General at Algiers);
Commodores WILLIAM BAINBRIDGE and DE-
CATUR:
Appointed Commissioners to conclude peace,
April 9, 1815. Treaty concluded by Decatur
and Shaler, and signed by the latter.
WILLIAM SHALER (Consul-General at Algiers) and
Commodore ISAAC CHAUNCEY :
Appointed Commissioners, August 4, 1816, to set-
tle subsisting differences, and an annulment of
18th Article of Treaty of 1815.
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC AND ARGENTINE
CONFEDERATION.
C^SAR A. RODNEY, of Delaware; JOHN GRA-
HAM, of Virginia ; and THEODORICK BLAND,
of Virginia.
The two former instructed as Commissioners,
July 18. 1817, to visit Buenos Ayres and Mon-
tevideo for obtaining accurate information re-
specting tlie conflict between Spain and her
Colonies. Bland added to the Commission, No-
vember 21, 1817.
C^SAR A. RODNEY, of Delaware :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January
27, 1823. Accredited to Buenos Ayres. Died
at his post, June 10. 1824.
JOHN M. FORBES, of Florida :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, March 9, 1825.
Was commissioned as Secretary of Legation at
Buenos Ayres, January 27, 1823. Acted as
Charge d 'Affaires from June 10, 1824. Died
at his post, June 14, 1831.
FRANCIS BAYLIES, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, January 3,
1832. Received his passports, September 3,
1832.
HARVEY M. WATTERSON, of Tennessee :
Special Agent, September 26, 1843, to obtain in-
formation in regard to its foreign relations,
concerning commerce, and as to the war with
Uruguay. His successor was presented, No-
vember 15, 1844.
WILLIAM BRENT, Jr., of Virginia:
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, June 14, 1844.
Took leave, Julv 6, 1846.
WILLIAM A. HARRIS, of Virginia :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, February 19,
1846. His successor was presented, Septem-
ber 12, 1851.
JOHN S. PENDLETON, of Virginia:
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, February 27,
1851. Took leave, March 11, 1854. Robert
ScHENCK, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary to Brazil ; was associated with
Pendleton to conclude treaties of general
commerce with the Argentine Republic, Para-
guay, and Uruguay.
JOSEPH GRAHAM, of Ohio :
Consul at Buenos Ayres. Acted as Charge
d'Affaires ad interim from March 11 to Decem-
ber 1, 1854.
JAMES A. PEDEN, of Florida :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 29, 1854.
Commissioned as Charge d'Affaires, May 22,
1854. Took leave, December 1, 1858. MiRA-
BEAU B. Lamar, of Texas, Minister-Resident ;
commissioned, July 23, 1857 ; did not go to his
post ; was transferred to Costa Rica and Nicar-
agua.
TABULAR RECORDS.
589
RICHARD FITZPATRICK, of Texas :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 25,
1856. Resigned, March 27, 1857.
BENJAMIN C. YANCEY, of Georgia :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 14, 1858.
Took leave, September 23, 1859.
GEORGE LEE BRENT, of Virginia :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 30,
1859. Was designated to act as Charge d'Af-
faires ad interim, September 23, 1859, but it
does not appear that he performed such duties.
JOHN F. CUSHMAN, of Mississippi :
Commissioned Minister- Resident, July 18, 1859.
Took leave, February 17, 1861. William H.
Hudson, of Connecticut, Consul at Buenos
Ayres, acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from February 17 to August 10, 1861. This
appointment was disapproved by the Depart-
ment,
ROBERT M. PALMER, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Minister- Resident, March 28,1861.
Left Buenos Ayres, April 13, 1862.
ROBERT C. KIRK, of Ohio :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 4,
1862. Left Buenos Ayres, July 26, 1866.
ALEXANDER ASBOTH, of Missouri :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 12,1866.
Also accredited to Uruguay. Died at Buenos
Ayres, January 21, 1868.
H. G. WORTHINGTON, of Nevada :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 5, 1868.
Also accredited to Uruguay. Took leave of
Argentine Government, July 8, 3869.
ROBERT C. KIRK, of Ohio :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 16, 1809.
Also accredited to Uruguay. Took leave of
Argentine Government, November 4, 1871.
DEXTER E. CLAPP, of New York :
Consul at Buenos Ayres. Took charge, Novem-
ber 4, 187] . Relieved, May 6, 1873.
JULIUS WHITE, of Illinois :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, July 23, 1872 ;
declined, August 22, 1872 ; recommissioned, De-
cember 12, 1872. Left on leave, November
14, 1873. Resigned, January 31, 1874.
THOMAS 0. OSBORN, of Hlinois :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, February 10,
1874. Still in office.
AUSTRIA AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
NATHANIEL NILES, of Vermont :
Special Agent, appointed June 7, 1837, with let-
ter of credence to Minister of Foreign Affairs,
to procure a modification of the duties and re-
strictions on the importation of American to-
bacco. His functions ceased on the arrival of
Mr. Muhlenberg.
HENRY A. MUHLENBERG, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, February 8, 1838. Took
leave, September 18, 1840.
J. RANDOLPH CLAY, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, February 8,
1838. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from September 18, 1849, to March 17, 1842.
Was appointed Secretary of Legation at St.
Petersburg, March 15, 1845,
DANIEL JENIFER, of Maryland :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, August 27, 1841. Took leave,
July 7, 1845.
WILLIAM H. STILES, of Georgia :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, April 19, 1845.
Left Vienna, August 1, and forwarded his let-
ter of recall from Paris, which was delivered
by the United States Consul at Vienna, Octo-
ber 3, 1849.
JAMES WATSON WEBB, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d'Affairea November 1,
1849. Not confirmed by Senate. Left Vienna
about May 5, 1850.
CHARLES J. McCURDY, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, September 27,
1850. Left, November 12, 1852.
THOMAS M. FOOTE, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, September 16,
1852. Left, May 21, 1853.
HENRY R. JACKSON, of Georgia :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, May 24, 1858.
Commissioned as Minister-Resident, J\ine 29,
1854 ; presented credentials, as such, Septem-
ber 28, 1854. Took leave, July 1, 1858.
GEORGE W. LIPPITT, of Rhode Island :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March, 25,
1856. Left in charge, July 1, 1858 ; relieved,
February 2, 1859. Resigned, as Secretary of
Legation, April 26, 1867, but was left in charge
June 15, 1837 ; relieved, August 20, 1867. Was
again commissioned as Secretary of Legation,
April 21, 1869. Declined, May 29, 1869.
J. GLANCY JONES, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, December 15, 1858. Was com-
missioned Minister-Resident, November 1, 1858.
Took leave, November 14, 1861.
ANSON BURLINGAME, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 22, 1861. Did not
serve, owing to an unwillingness on the part of
the government to receive him.
J. LOTHROP MOTLEY, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, August 10, 1861. Took leave,
June 14, 1867.
JOHN HAY, of Illinois :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 20,
1867. Relieved Mr. Lippitt, as Charge d'Af-
faires ad interim, August 20, 1867. Resigned,
as Secretary, August 12, 1868, and was relieved
as Charge, September 30. Horace Greeley,
of New York, was commissioned Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Novem-
ber 29, 1867, but declined the appoint-
ment.
HENRY M. WATTS, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, July 25, 1868. Took leave,
June 1, 1069.
HENRY S. WATTS, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, October 8,
1868. Functions ceased last of March, 1869,
the Senate not having confirmed his appoint-
ment.
JOHN JAY, of New York :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, April 13, 1869. Resigned.
JOHN F. DELAPLAINE, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 1,
1869. Has acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from March 5 to March 20, 1870 ; from April
26 to June 1, 1870 ; from June 1 to June 22,
and from July 26 to August 31, 1871 ; from
September 7 to November 1, 1872, and from Sep-
tember 4 to September 21, 1873. StUl in office.
GODLOVE S. ORTH, of Indiana :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 9, 1875. Still in office.
BADEN.
PETER D. VROOM, of New Jersey (Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia).
Empowered, February 15, 1855, to treat relative
to extradition,
GEORGE BANCROFT, of New York (Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia).
Empowered, May 25, 1868, to treat relative to
naturalization.
690
TABULAR RECORDS
BAVARIA.
HENRY WHEATON, of New York (Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia).
Empowered, November 18, 1843, to negotiate for
the abolition of droit d'aubaine and taxes on
immigration.
JAMES BUCHANAN, of Pennsylvania (Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Great
Britain).
Empowered, July 6, 1853, to negotiate relative to
extradition.
GEORGE BANCROFT, of New York (Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia).
Empowered, May 25, 1868, to negotiate relative
to naturalization and extradition.
BELGIUM.
HUGH S. LEGARfi, of Soutli Carolina :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, April 14, 1832.
Left, June 9, 1836. William H. Haywood, of
North Carolina, commissioned Charge d'Af-
faires, March 7, 1837, but declined the appoint-
ment.
VIRGIL MAXCY, of Maryland :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, June 16, 1837.
Left, September 17, 1842,
HENRY W. HILLIARD, of Alabama :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, May 12, 1842.
Left, August 15, 18-44.
THOMAS G. CLEMSON, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, June 17, 1844.
Left, March 1, 1851.
RICHARD H. BAYARD, of Delaware :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, December 10,
1850. Left, September 12, 1853. ,
J. J. SEIBELS, of Alabama :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, May 24, 1853.
Commissioned Minister Resident, June 29, 1854.
Presented credentials, as such, August 6, 1854.
Left Belgium on leave, September 24, 1856.
Resigned, June 11, 1857. James S. Clark was
in charge of Legation from June 11, 1857, to
September 27, 1858.
ELISHA Y. FAIR, of Alabama :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 14, 1858.
Took leave. May 8, 1861.
HENRY S. SANFORD, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 20, 1861.
Took leave, July 21, 1869.
AARON GOODRICH, of Minnesota :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 26,
1861. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from May 12 to August 23, 1862 ; from Febru-
ary 9 to June 25, 1804, and from October 26,
1867, to March 11, 1868. Recalled, March 10,
1869.
J. RUSSELL JONES, of Illinois :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 1, 1869. A.
P. Mebhill, Minister-Resident, December, 1875.
BOLIVIA.
JOHN APPLETON, of Maine :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 30, 1848.
Left Bolivia for the United States, May 4,
1849, having i^reviously requested his recall.
ALEXANDER K.' McCLUNG, of Mississippi :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 29, 1849.
Received passports, at his own request, April
27, 1851.
HORACE H. MILLER, of Mississippi :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, February 10,
1852. Left in January, 1854. Charles L.
Woodbury, of Massachusetts, commissioned
Charge d'Affaires, May 24, 1853, but did not
serve.
JOHN W. DANA, of Maine :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, August 26, 1853.
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 29,
1854. Presented credentials as such, Septem-
ber 24, 1854. Took leave, March 10, 1859.
JOHN COTTON SMITH, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 14, 1858.
Received letter of recall, February 22, 1861.
Left early in May, 1861.
DAVID K. CARTTER, of Ohio :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 27,1861.
Returned on leave, September 18, 1862. Re-
signed, March 10, 1863.
ALLEN A. HALL, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 21, 1863.
Died at La Paz, May 18, 1867. John Neth-
erland was commissioned Minister-Resident,
July 20, 1867, but declined the appointment.
JOHN W. CALDWELL, of Ohio :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 18, 1868.
Took leave, Julv 25, 1869.
LEOPOLD MARKBREIT, of Ohio :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 16, 1869.
Took leave, Februarv 12, 1873.
JOHN T. CROXTON, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, December 20,
1872. Still in office.
BORNEO.
JOSEPH BALESTIER, of Massachusetts (Consul at
Singapore) :
Empowered, August 16, 1849, to negotiate rela-
tive to friendship, commerce, and navigation.
BRAZIL.
CONDY RAGUET, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 9, 1825.
lieft, April 7, 1827, having previously demanded
his passports.
WILLIAM TUDOR, of Massachusetts:
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, June 26, 1827.
Died at Rio de Janeiro, March 9, 1830. Wil-
liam D. C. Wright, Consul at Rio, authorized
to act as Charge d'Affaires ad interim.
ETHAN A. BROWN, of Ohio :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 26, 1830.
Left, April 11, 1834.
WILLIAM HUNTER, of Rhode Island :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, June 28, 1834.
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, September 13, 1841. Pre-
sented credentials as such, January 1, 1842.
Took leave, December 9, 1843.
ROBERT M. WALSH, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September
13. 1841. Left Rio, September 1, 1847.
GEORGE H. PROFFIT, of Indiana :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, June 7, 1843. Took leave,
August 10, 1844, his appointment not having
been confirmed by the Senate.
HENRY A. WISE, of Virginia:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, February 8, 1844. Mission
ended with the presentation of his successor's
credentials, August 28, 1847.
DAVID TOD, of Ohio :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 3, 1847. Took leave,
August 9, 1851.
THOMAS I. MORGAN, of Ohio :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 9,
1847, Died at Rio de Janeiro, March 30, 1850.
ROBERT C. SCHENCK, of Ohio:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 12, 1851. Took leave,
October 8, 1853. Was associated with John
S. Pendleton, Charge d'Affaires to the Argen-
tine Republic, to conclude treaties of general
commerce with the Argentine Republic, Para-
guay, and Urugury. Edward Kent, Consul
TABULAR RECORDS
591
at Rio, acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from June 21 to September 13, 1852.
FRANKLIN H. CLACK, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 12,
1851. Left Rio de Janeiro, September 10, 185L
FERDINAND COXE, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, October 24,
1851. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from May 12 to August 12, 1853. Left Rio,
August 31, 1853.
WILLIAM TROUSDALE, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, May 24, 1853. Took leave,
December 5, 1857. William E. Venable, of
Tennessee, was commissioned Secretary of Le-
gation. March 27, 1854, but declined June 2.
WILLIAM GRAYSON MANN, of the District of
Columbia ;
Coijimissioned Secretary of Legation, August 2,
1854. Resigned, March 5, 1857, and left on the
19th of the same month.
RICHARD K. MEADE, of Virginia :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, July 27, 1857. Left on leave,
July 9, 1861. A. L. Blachfard was in charge
until October 3, 1861. W. W. Banks, of Vir-
ginia, was commissioned Secretary of Legation,
October 27, 1857, but did not accept.
ROMAINE DILLON, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, February
16, 1858. Left, February 25, 1861.
JAMES WATSON WEBB, of New York :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, May 31, 1861. Left, May 26,
1869. W. V. V. LiDGERWOOD acted as Charge
d' Affaires ad interim, without appointment
from the Department, from October 10, 1865, to
August 1, 1866, and from November 23, 1868, to
March 20, 1869.
THOMAS BIDDLE, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, October 11,
1861. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from January 6 to January 17, 1863. Resigned,
April 1, 1863.
WILLIAM M. BRIGGS, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 11,
1863. Resigned, April 5, 1864. J. A. Gross
was commissioned Secretary of Legation, March
18, 1867, but did not accept.
HENRY T. BLOW, of Missouri :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, May 1, 1869. Left on leave,
November 6, 1870 ; resigned, February 11,
1871. Robert Clinton Wright acted as
Charge d' Affaires ad interim from November 5,
1870. to July 24, 1871.
JAMES R. PARTRIDGE, of Maryland :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, May 23, 1871. Still in office.
RICHARD CUTTS SHANNON, of Maine :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 26,
1871. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from July 18 to December 4, 1872, and from
October 12, 1873. Resigned.
WILLIAM A. PURRINGTON :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 10,
1875.
CENTRAL AMERICA, FEDERATION OF.
JOHN WILLIAMS, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, December 29,
1825. William Miller was commissioned as
Cliarge d'Affaires. March 7, 1825. Died, Sep-
tember 10 at Key West on his way to his post.
John Williams took leave, December 1, 1826.
William Phillips, Acting Consul at Guate-
mala, remained in charge of legation till April
9, 1827.
WILLIAM B. ROCHESTER, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 3, 1827.
Arrived in Central America, May 17, 1828. Re-
turned without proceeding to the seat of gov-
ernment, arriving in the United States, June 11,
1828. William N. Jeffeks was commissioned
as Charge d'Affaires, June 14, 1831. Resigned,
without going to his post, November 19, 1831.
JOHN L. STEPHENS, of New York :
Special Agent. Instructed, August 13, 1839, to
negotiate respecting the exchange of treaty of
peace and commerce of July 4, 1838, and the
adjustment of a claim. Returned without ac-
complishing those objects. Arrived in United
States, August 4, 1840.
JAMES SHANNON, of Ohio:
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, February 9, 1832.
Died before reaching his post.
CHARLES G. DE WITT, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, January 29, 1833.
Left in February of 18o9. Died in the United
States soon after.
WILLIAM S. MURPHY, of Ohio :
Special Diplomatic Agent, appointed July 28,
1841. Left late in March, 1842.
CHILL
HEMAN ALLEN, of Vermont :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January
27, 1823. Took leave, July 31, 1827. John P.
Kennedy, of Maryland, was commissioned
Secretary of Legation, January 27, 1623, and
resignf d, June 23. Did not proceed to post.
SAMUEL LARNED, of Rhode Island :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, November
18, 1823. Left in charge, July 31, 1827. Com-
missioned as Charge d'Affaires, February 29,
1828. Left, October 14, 1829.
JOHN HAMM, of Ohio :
Commissioned Cliarge d'Affaires, May 26, 1830.
Left, October 19, 1833.
RICHARD POLLARD, of Virginia :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, June 28, 1834.
Announced his departure from Valparaiso, by
letter. May 12, 1842.
JOHN S. PENDLETON, of Virginia :
Commissioned Cliarge d'Affaires, August 16, 1841.
Left, June, 1844.
WILLIAM CRUMP, of Virginia :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 10, 1844.
Announced his departure from Valparaiso,
November 1, 1847.
SETH BARTON, of Louisiana:
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 27,. 1847, to
take effect June 1. Passports sent him, at his
own request. May 22, 1849.
BALIE PEYTON, of -rennessee :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, August 9, 1849. Left Chili in
the autumn of 1853. S. Medary was com-
missioned as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, May 24, 1853, but resigned
without proceeding to his post. Benjamin R.
Hardin was commissioned Secretary of Lega-
tion, November 27, 1849. Did not reach his
post, being recalled and dismissed, June 15, 1850.
JESSE B. HOLMAN, of Alabama :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 24,
1850. Resigned, May 14, 1853, to take effect
July 1. Thomas E. iVlASSEY.of Alabama, was
commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 28,
1853. Resigned ; did not proceed to post.
DAVID A. STARKWEATHER, of Ohio:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, June 29, lb54. Took leave,
August 26, 1857.
FREDERICK A. BEELEN, of Pennsylvania:
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 2,
1854. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
592
TABULAR RECORDS
from August 26 to October 5, 1857. Resigned,
to take effect October 1, 1858.
JOHN BIGLER, of California :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, April 2, 1857. Took leave,
October 4, 1861.
GEORGE W. RYCKMAN, of California :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 20,
1858. Resigned, to take effect July 1, 1860.
THOMAS H. NELSON, of Indiana :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, June 1, 1861. Took leave,
March 12, 1866,
JUDSON KILPATRICK, of New Jersey :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, November 11, 1865. Took
leave, August 1, 1870.
EDWIN F. COOK, of New Jersey :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, November
11, 1865. Died at Santiago, August 6, 1867.
A. W. CLARK, of New York :
Consul at Valparaiso. Acted as Charore d' Affaires
ad interim from August 22, 1868, to May 29,
1869.
JOHN C. CALDWELL, of Maine :
Consul at Valparaiso. Acted as Charge d' Affaires
ad interim from August 1, to December 2, 1870.
JOSEPH P. ROOT, of Kansas :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, September 15, 1870. Resigned.
Took leave, June 27, 1873.
CORNELIUS A. LOGAN, of Kansas:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 17, 1873. Still in office.
CHINA.
CALEB CUSHING. of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary and Commissioner, May 8, 1843.
Edward Everett, of Massachusetts, was
commissioned Commissioner, March 3, 1843,
but did not accept. Mr. Gushing held two
commissions, one as Commissioner and the
other as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, bearing the same date. Left
Macao for the United States, August 27,
1844, and arrived in Washington, January 4,
1845, with copy of treaty with China. Resigned,
March 13, 1845. Peter Parker was left in
charge.
DANIEL FLETCHER WEBSTER, of Massachusetts:
Commissioned Secretary to Commissioner, April
24, 1843. Returned the latter part of 1844.
ALEXANDER H. EVERETT, of Massachusetts:
Commissioned Commissioner, March 13, 1845.
Did not complete the voyage to his post, but
returned to Boston, October 3, 1^45, having (on
the 8th of August) intrusted Commodore BiD-
DLE with temporary discharge of duties of
~ Commissioner. Mr. Everett proceeded to his
post, October 5, 1846, and died in China, June
28, 1847. Commodore Biddle took leave of
the Emperor April 15, 1846, and placed Peter
Parker, Secretary and Interpreter of Lega-
tion, in charge.
PETER PARKER, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Secretary and Interpreter of Le-
gation March 15, 1845. Was left in charge of
Legation by General Gushing August 27, 1844,
and acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from
April 15 to October 5, 1846 ; from June 28, 1847,
to August 21, 1848; from May 25, 1850, to
January 22, 1853 ; from January 27 to April 14,
1854; from December 12, 1854, to May 10,
1855. Appointed Commissioner August 16,
1855. Commodore Joel Abbott was left in
charge by Peter Parker May 10, 1855, and
was relieved by S. Wells Williams about
November 1. Mr. Parker retired as Com-
missioner, August 25, 1857.
JOHN W. DAVIS, of Indiana :
Commissioned Commissioner, January 8, 1848.
Retired May 25, 1850. Thomas A. R. Nelson,
of Tennessee, was commissioned Commissioner
March 6, 1851 ; resigned July 2, 1851. Joseph
Blunt, of New York, was commissioned Octo-
ber 15, 1851, but declined.
HUMPHREY MARSHALL, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Commissioner, August 4, 1852.
Retired, January 27, 1854. Robert J. Walk-
er, of Mississippi, was commissioned Commis-
sioner June 21, 1853, but declined.
ROBERT M. McLANE, of Maryland :
Commissioned Commissioner, October 18, 1853.
Retired, December 12, 1854.
S. WELLS WILLIAMS, of New York:
Commissioned Secretary and Interpreter to Le-
gation, June 27, 1855. Acted as Charge d'Af-
f aires ad interim from about November 1,1855,
to January 19, 1856 ; from August 25 to No-
vember 16, 1857 ; from December 8, 1858, to
May 18, 1859 ; from October 1 to October 24,
1861 ; from May 6, 1865, to September 19,
1866; from November 21, 1867, to Septem-
ber 29, 1868 ; from July 5, 1869, to April 20,
1870 ; from July 24, 1873, to date. Still in
WILLIAM B. REED, of Pennsylvania:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, April 18, 1857. Left China,
December 8, 1858.
JOHN E. WARD, of Georgia :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, December 15, 1858. Returned
on leave, December 15, 1860, and left Commo-
dore Stribbling in charge, who served until
July 23, 1861.
W. WALLACE WARD, of Georgia :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, January
24, 1859. Resigned, at Hong Kong, February
18, 1860.
GEORGE W. HEARD, Jr., of Massachusetts:
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September
12, 1860. Resigned, to take effect January 1,
1861.
ANSON BURLINGAME, of Massachusetts:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, June 14, 1861. Resigned, No-
vember 21, 1867, having been appointed Em-
bassador of the Emperor of China to the United
States and other powers. William A. How-
ard, of Michigan, was commissioned as Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary,
March 11, 1868, but declined.
J. ROSS BROWNE, of California :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 11, 1868. Retired, July
5, 1869.
FREDERICK F. LOW, of California :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, September 28, 1869. Empow-
ered, February 8, 1871, to negotiate with Corea
for the protection of seamen of the United
States wrecked on that coast, and for treaty of
navigation and commerce. Resigned, 1874.
BENJAMIN T. AVERY :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, April 10, 1874.
GEORGE F. SEWARD :
Commissioned Minister, December, 1875.
COCHIN-CHINA.
EDMUND ROBERTS, of New Hampshire :
Special Agent. Empowered, January 26, 1832, to
negotiate for the extension of the commerce of
the United States in the Pacific.
TABULAR RECORDS
593
JOSEPH BALESTIER, of Massachusetts (Consul at
Singapore) :
Empowered, August 16, 1849, to negotiate rela-
tive to friendship, commerce, and navigation.
COLOMBIA.
RICHARD C. ANDERSON, of Kentucky.
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January
27, 1823. Took leave June 7, having been
commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary to Congress of Pan-
ama, and died at Carthagena July 24, 1826.
CHARLES S. TODD, of Kentucky :
Confidential Agent, appointed February 22, 1820,
to obtain information concerning condition of
affairs, the relations with Spain, and concern-
ing claims of citizens of United States against
Colombia. Returned to United States about
January 19, 1824. . Commissioned Secretary of
Legation, January 27, 1823, but declined.
BEAUFORT T. WATTS, of South Carolina:
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 27,
1834. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from March 26, 1825, to January 20, 1826, and
from June 7, 1826, until regularly commis-
sioned as Charge d'Affaires March 3, 1827.
Took leave as Charge d'Affaires, November 17,
1827. Appointed Secretary of Legation at St.
Petersburg.
WILLIAM H. HARRISON, of Ohio:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiarv, May 24, 1828. Took leave, Sep-
tember 26, 1829.
EDWARD T. TAYLOR, of Virginia:
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 26,1828.
THOMAS P. MOORE, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 13, 1829. Took leave,
April 16, 1833.'
J. C. PICKETT, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 9, 1829.
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from
April 16 to July 4, 1833, when his functions
ceased.
ROBERT B. McAFEE, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, February 9,1833.
Left, June 20, 1837.
JAMES SEMPLE, of Illinois:
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, October 14, 1837.
Left about Aprill, 1842.
WILLIAM M. BLACKFORD, of Virginia :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, February 10,
1842. Left, December 23, 1844.
BENJAMIN A. BIDLACK, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 14, 1845.
Died at his post, February 6, 1849.
THOMAS M. FOOTE, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 29, 1849.
Left on leave, about October 15, and resigned,
to take effect December 31, 1850.
YELVERTON P. KING, of Georgia :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 12, 1851.
Left, April 5,1853.
JAMES S. GREEN, of Missouri :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 24, 1853.
Left, August 13, 1854. Was commissioned as
Minister-Resident, June 29, 1854, but did not
present his credentials in that capacity. Re-
signed, to take effect December 11, 1854.
JAMES B. BOWLIN, of Missouri :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, December 18,
1854. Left about May 20, 1857, and resigned,
September 12, 1857. On December 2,1856, Isaac
E. Morse was associated with him as Special
Commissioner to negotiate concerning the
transit of citizens, officers, soldiers, and sea-
men of United States across the Isthmus.
38
GEORGE W. JONES, of Iowa :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 8, 1859.
Took leave, November 4, 1861.
ALLAN A. BURTON, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 29, 1861 ;
left about February 14, 1867. James H. Camp-
bell, of Pennsylvania, commissioned as Minis-
ter-Resident, November 16, 1866 ; declined,
January 14, 1867. Daniel E. Sickles, of New
York, instructed, January 6, 1865, to confer
with the authorities at Panama concerning the
transportation of troops across the Isthmus,
and, with Mr. Bukton, to confer with the gov-
ernment of Colombia on the same subject.
PETER J. SULLIVAN, of Ohio :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 19, 1867 ;
took leave, June 26, 1869. Caleb Cushing in-
structed, November 25, 1868, in concert with
Mr. Sullivan, to negotiate a treaty for ship-
canal across the Isthmus.
STEPHEN A. HURLBUT, of Illinois :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 22, 1869.
Took leave, April 3, 1872.
THOMAS F. WALLACE, of Pennsylvania :
Consul at Bogota. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad
interim from April 4, 1872, to July 20, 1873.
WILLIAM L. SCRUGGS, of Georgia:
Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 9, 1873.
Still in office.
COREA.
GEORGE F. SEWARD, of New York (Consul-Gen
eral at Shanghai) :
Empowered, June 27, 1868, to negotiate a treaty
concerning commerce and settlement of claims.
FREDERICK F. LOW, of California (Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to China):
Empowered, February 2, 1871, to negotiate for
the protection of seamen of United States
wrecked on the coast, and for treaty of naviga-
tion and commerce.
COSTA RICA.
ROBERT M. WALSH, of Pennsylvania :
Special Envoy. Instructed, April 29, 1852, to ob-
tain a settlement of disputes between Costa
Rica and Nicaragua in regard to their boun-
daries, which are obstacles to the commence-
ment of the canal across Nicaragua. Arrived
in New York, August 14, 1852.
SOLON BORLAND, of Arkansas :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, April 18, 1853. John Slidell,
of Louisiana, was commissioned Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, March
29, 1853, but declined. Mr. Borland was also
accredited to Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,
and Salvador, but did not present his creden-
tials to the government of Costa Rica. Left'
Nicaragua, April 17, 1854. Resigned, to take
effect June 30, 1854. John Elias Warren
was commissioned Secretarv of Legation, April
6, 1853, but declined.
FREDERICK A. BEELEN, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 28,
1853. Appointed Secretary of Legation in
Chili, August 2, 1854.
MIRABEAU B. LAMAR, of Texas :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 20,
1858. Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary, December 23, 1857;
appointment revoked. Also accredited to Nic-
aragua. Retired, May 20, 1859.
ALEXANDER. DIMITRY, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, A.ugust 15, 1859 ;
also accredited to Nicaragua. Took leave,
April 27, 1861.
594
TABULAR RECORDS.
CHARLES N. RIOTTE, of Texas :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 8, 1861.
Took leave, January 18, 1867.
ALBERT Gr. LAWRENCE, of Rhode Island:
Commissioned Minister-Resident, October 2, 1866.
Left about June 24, 1868. Arthuk Morrell,
Vice-Consul at San Jose, in charge of Legation
from July 23, 1867, to June 10, 1868.
JACOB B. BLAIR, of West Virginia:
Commissioned Minister-R,esident, July 25, 1868.
Took leave, June 30, 1873. Addison M.
Bailey, Vice-Consul at San Jose, in charge of
Legation from May 31 to October 18, 1869.
Mission consolidated with missions to other
Central American States, Julv I, 1873.
GEORGE WILLIAMSON, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 17, 1873,
to take effect July 1. Also accredited to Guate-
mala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Salvador. At
the request of the government of Costa Rica,
lie was, on the 2d of January, 1874, informed
that, with regard to that country, his functions
were suspended for the present. Still in office.
DENMARK.
GEORGE W. ERVING, of Massachusetts:
Commissioned Special Minister, January 5, 1811,
cliarged with the subject of spoliations com-
mitted under the Danish flag on the commerce
of the United States. Similar instructions
were issued to John M. Forbes, Consul at
Copenhagen, to Geouge W. Campbell, Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to
Russia, who was to stop at Copenhagen on his
way to St. Petersbursr, and to Christopher
Hughes, Jr., Charge d' Affaires to the Nether-
lands, who was also to go there before going
to the Hague. EiiviNG took leave May 18,
1812, and left Copenhagen on the 26tli.
HENRY WHEATON, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires March 23, 1827.
Left May 29, 1825. Appointed Charge d'Affaires
at Berlin.
JONATHAN F. WOODSIDE, of Ohio:
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 3, 1835.
Left June 29, 184L
ISAAC RAND JACKSON, of Pennsylvania:
Commissioned Charire d'Affaires, May 20, 1841.
Died at post, Julv^27, 1812.
WILLIAM W. IRWIN, of Pennsylvania:
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 3, 1843.
Left June 12, 1847.
ROBERT P. FLENNIKEN, of Pennsylvania:
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, January 11,
1847. Left September 15, 1849.
WALTER FORWARD, of Pennsylvania:
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, November 8,
1849. Termination of service not given. Let-
ter of recall sent, at his request. September 10,
1851. A. J. Ogle conmiissioned as Charge
d'Affaires, January 22, 1852. Did not proceed
to post. Commission revoked, July 13, 1852.
MILLER GRIEVE, of Georgia :
Commissioned Charge d Affaires, August 30, 1852.
Termination of service not given. Last com-
munication from him dated June 23, 1853.
HENRY BEDINGER, of Virginia :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 24, 1853.
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 29, 1854.
Presented credentials as such, September 23,
1854. Took leave, August 10, 1858.
JAMES M. BUCHANAN, of Maryland :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 11, 1858.
Termination of service not given. Last dis-
patch from him dated April 17, 1861.
BRADFORD R. WOOD, of New York :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 22, 1861.
Took leave, November 18, 1865. Samuel J.
Kirkwood, of Iowa, was commissioned Minis-
ter-Resident, March 11, 1863, but declined.
GEORGE H. YEAMAN, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 25, 1865.
Took leave, November 7, 1870. C. C. Andrews,
of Minnesota, was commissioned Minister-Resi-
dent, April 16, 1869, but subsequently commis-
sioned as Minister-Resident to Sweden, which
latter appointment he accepted.
M. J. CRAMER, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, September 9,
1870. Siill in office.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.
JOHN HOGAN, of New York :
Special Agent. Instructed, February 22, 1845, to
examine into and report upon the Resources of
the Country, and especially as to its ability to
maintain its Independence.
ROBERT M. WALSH, of Pennsylvania :
Special Agent. Instructed, January 18, 1851, to
Co-operate with the Representatives of France
and Great Britain for the purpose of bringing
about a Peace between Hayti and the Domini-
can Hepublic.
JOHN SOMERS SMITH, of Pennsylvania (Commer-
cial Agent at San Domingo) :
Empowered, December 13, 1866, to conclude a
Treaty of Commerce.
FREDERICK W. SEWARD, of New York (Assist-
ant-Secretary of State) :
Empowered, December 17, 1866, to negotiate for
the Cession or Lease of Samana Bay to the
United States.
RAYMOND H. PERRY, of Rhode Island (Commer-
cial Agent at San Domingo) :
Empowered, November 6, 1869, to negotiate for
the Cession of San Domingo to the United
States and for the Lease of Samana Bay.
BENJAMIN F. WADE, of Ohio ; ANDREW D.
WHITE, of New l^ork ; and S. G. HOWE, of Mas-
sachusetts :
Commissioned Commissioners, January 14, 1871,
to inquire into and Report upon the Resources
of the Country ; its Political Condition ; the
Population ; tlie Desire of the People of the
Re[)ublic to become Annexed to the United
States ; Amount of its Debt, etc.
ALLAN A. BURTON, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Secretary to the above Commis-
sion, January 14, 1871.
ECUADOR.
J. C. PICKETT, of Kentucky (Charge d'Affaires to
Peru- Bolivian Confederation) :
Empowered, June 15, 1838, to negotiate relative
to Commerce and Navigation.
DELAZON SMITH, of Ohio :
Special Agent. Empowered, December 28, 1844,
concerning Claims against Ecuador and the
late Republic of Colombia.
VANBRUGH LIVINGSTON, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 10, 1848.
Left November 12, 1849.
JOHN T. VAN ALEN, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, June 5, 1849.
Termination of service not given. Dispatch
dated July 18, 1850, is the last one received
from him while at post. Arrived in the
United States, August 8, 1850.
COURTLAND CUSHING, of Indiana :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, September 28,
1850. Left October 31, 1853.
PHILO WHITE, of Wisconsin :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, July 18, 1853.
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 29, 1851.
Presented credentials as such September 2,
1854. Took leave, September 14, 1858.
TABULAR RECORDS
595
CHARLES R. BUCKALEW, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 14, 1858.
Left post for United States, July 10, 1861.
FREDERICK HASSAUREK, of Ohio :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, Marcli 27, 1861.
Left post about January 13, 1866. Resigned,
February 19.
L. V. PREVOST, of Maryland :
Consul at Guayaquil ; in charge of Legation from
January 13 to August 2, 1866.
WILLIAM T. COGOESHALL, of Ohio :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 4, 1866 ;
died at post, August 3, 1867. D. A. Nunn, of
Tennessee, commissioned Minister-Resident,
April 21, 1869; did not proceed to post; re-
signed, November 2, 1869. Chtitstian Wull-
WEBER, Minister-Resident. December, 1875.
E. RUMSEY WING, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, November 16,
1869. Died in office.
THOMAS BIDDLE, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, February 2,
1875. Died at Guayaquil, May 7, 1875, on the
way to his post.
FRANCE.
THOMAS JEFFERSON, of Virginia :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary. (See
ante, for an account of Mr. Jefferson's ser-
vices. Appointed Minister Plenipotentiary un-
der the Confederation. Left Paris, September
26, 1789 )
WILLIAM SHORT, of Virginia :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, April 20, 1790.
Date of letter of credence, April 6. Appointed
Secretary to Mr. Jefferson, August, 1785.
Left in charge of Legation, September 26, 1789,
and retired, May 16, 1792. Appointed Minis-
ter-Resident to Holland.
GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, of New York :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January
12, 1792. Recalled, at request of Committee of
Salut Public. Presented Mr. Monroe to Com-
missioner of Foreign Affairs about August 2,
1794.
JAMES MONROE, of Virginia :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, May 28,
1794. Recalled, August 22, 1796. Took leave,
December 30, 1796.
CHARLES C. PINCKNEY, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, Septem-
ber 9, 1796. Directory refused to receive him,
December 11, 1796.
CHARLES C. PINCKNEY, of South Carolina : JOHN
MARSHALL, of Virginia; and ELBRIDGE GER-
RY, of Massachusetts : »
Commissioned Joint Envoys Extraordinary and
Ministers Plenipotentiary, respectively. June 5,
1797, June 5, 1797, and July 22, 1797. Com-
missioned jointly and severally to treat with
France. Gp^rry was nominated in place of
Francis Dana, who declined. A new com-
mission was issued to them, dated July 22, 1797.
Were not officially received by Directory.
Talleyrand offered to treat with Gerry only.
Pinckney and Marshall left Paris in April,
1798. Gerry remained until July 26, 1798.
OLIVER ELLSWORTH, of Connecticut ; WILLIAM
VANS MURRAY, of Maryland ; and WILLIAM
R. DAVIE, of North Carolina :
Commissioned Joint Envoys and Ministers Pleni-
potentiary, respectively, February 26, 1799 ;
February 26, 1799, and June 1, 1799. Mr.
Davie was nominated in place of Patrick
Henry, who declined April 26, 1799. They
left Paris in October, 1800. James A. Bayard,
of Delaware, commissioned Minister Plenipo-
tentiary, February 19, 1801 ; did not serve.
Thomas Sumter, Jr., of South Carolina, com-
missioned Secretary of Legation, May 12, 1801.
Did not serve.
ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON, of New York :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, October
2, 1801. Took leave, November 18, 1804.
JAMES MONROE, of Virginia, and ROBERT R.
LIVINGSTON, of New York :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, and Minister Plenipotentiary,
respectively, January 12, 1803, jointly and sepa-
rately to treat with France concerning the rights
and interests of the United States in the River
Mississippi and in the Territories eastward
thereof. Monroe left Paris July 12, 1803, and
Livingston remained as Minister and took
leave, November 18, 1804.
JOHN ARMSTRONG, of New York :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, June 30,
1804. Left Paris September 14, 1810. Mr.
Armstrong and James Bowdoin, of Massa-
chusetts, who was then Minister Plenipoten-
tiary to Madrid, were commissioned Commis-
sioners Plenipotentiary and Extraordinary,
March 17, 1806, to treat jointly and severally
with Spain concerning Territories, wrongful
captures, condemnations, and other injuries.
Did not go to Madrid, but conducted negotia-
tions at Paris. Negotiations unsuccessful.
JONATHAN RUSSELL, of Rhode Island :
Charge d' Affaires. Left in charge of Legation,
September 14, 1810. Commissioned as Charge
d' Affaires, but commission is not of record. It
was sent to him, November 5, 1810. Left Paris
in November, 1811. Appointed Charge d' Af-
faires at London.
JOEL BARLOW, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, Febru-
ary 27, 1811. Died at Zarnowice, December 26,
1812, on his return to Paris from Wilna,
WILLIAM H. CRAWFORD, of Georgia :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, April 9,
1813. Took leave, April 22, 1815.
HENRY JACKSON, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 28,
1813 Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from April 22, 1815, to July 9, 1816. Super-
seded
ALBERT GALLATIN, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, February 28, 1815. Left Paris,
May 16, 1823, on leave. Was associated with
Richard Rush, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenixjotentiary to Great Britain, May 22,
1818, to conclude treaties for the renewal of
the Convention of July 3, 1815, and for com-
merce with Great Britain.
DANIEL SHELDON, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 3,
1816. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from July 18 to October 6, 1817 ; from August
12 to October 27, 1818 ; and from May 16, 1823,
to March 30, 1824.
JAMES BROWN, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, December 9, 1823. Took
leave, June 28, 1829.
JOHN ADAMS SMITH, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 12,
1828. Acted as -Charge d' Affaires ad interim,
from June 28 to October 1, 1829. Appointed
Secretary of Legation at St. Petersburg.
W^ILLIAM C. 'rives, of Virginia :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, April 18, 1829. Took leave
September 27, 1832.
CHARLES CARROLL HARPER, of Maryland :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 1,
1829. Resigned September 8, 1830.
596
TABULAR RECORDS.
NATHANIEL NILES, of Vermont :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, November
9, 1830. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from September 27, 1832, to April 19, 1833.
LEAVITT HARRIS, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Charge d'AfEaires, March 6, 1833.
Left October 1, 1833.
EDWARD LIVINGSTON, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, May 29, 1833. Asked for his
passports and withdrew, April 28, 1835, under
instructions from the President.
THOMAS P. BARTON, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 29,
1833. Acted as Charge d'AfEaires ad interim
from May 11 to June 11, 1834 ; from August
10 to October 12, 1834 ; and from April 28 to
November 8, 1835. Withdrew by order of the
President.
LEWIS CASS, of Ohio :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, October 4, 1836. Took leave,
November 12, *1842.
CHARLES E. ANDERSON, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, October 4,
1836. Acted as Charge d'AfEaires ad interim
from April 3 to November 29, 1837. Resigned,
April 1, 1839.
HENRY LEDYARD, of Michigan :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 7,
1839. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from November 12, 1842, to June 10, 1844.
Left September 17, 1844.
WILLIAM R. KING, of Alabama :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, April 9, 1844. Took leave,
September 15, 1846.
J. L. MARTIN, of North Carolina :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 15,
1844. Acted as Charg;' d' Affaires ad interim
from July 4 to October 14, 1845, and from Sep-
tember 15, 1846, to July 24, 1847.
RICHARD RUSH, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 3, 1847. Took leave,
October 8, 1849.
STEPHEN K. STANTON, of :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 21,
1848.
WILLIAM C. RIVES, of Virginia :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, July 20, 1849. Took leave,
May 12, 1853. '
HENRY S. SANFORD, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 29,
1849. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from May 14, 1853, to January 10, 1854. Re-
signed, January 22, 1854.
JOHN Y. MASON, of Virginia :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, October 10, 1853. Died at
post, October 3, 1859.
DONN PIATT, of Ohio :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 12,
1854. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from January 18 to April 30, 1855. Resigned,
October 4, 1855.
O. JENNINGS WISE, of Virginia :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, October 27,
1855. Resigned, June 16, 1857.
J. B. WILBOR. of New York :
Commisioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation,
January 1, 1857. Superseded.
W. R. CALHOUN, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September
15, 1857. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from October 3, 1859, to February 28, 1860.
Resigned, Novejuber 15, 1860.
CHARLES J. FAULKNER, of Virginia :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, January 16, 1860. Took leave,
May 12, 1861.
JAMES G. CLARKE, of New Hampshire :
Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation,
A-pril 17, 1860. Functions ceased, February 1,
1861.
ROBERT M. WALSH, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, January 7,
1861. Functions ceased May 19, 1861.
WILLIAM L. DAYTON, of New Jersey :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 18, 1861. Died at post,
December 1, 1864.
WILLIAM L. DAYTON, Jr., of New Jersey:
Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation,
March 23, 1861. Resigned, February 2, 1865.
WILLIAM S. PENNINGTON, of New Jersey :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 26,
1861. Recalled, March 17, 1865.
JOHN BIGELOW, of New York :
Consul-General at Paris. Acted as Charge d'Af-
faires ad interim from December 21, 1864.
Commissioned as Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary, March 15, 1865. Pre-
sented credentials as such April 5, 1865. Took
leave December 23, 1866.
GEORGE P. POMEROY, of New York :
Commissioned Assistant Secretary of Legation,
March 15, 1865.
JOHN HAY, of Illinois :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 22,
1865. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from August 8 to September 7, 1866. Re-
signed, March 18, 1867.
JOHN A. DIX, of New York :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, September 24, 1866. Took
leave, May 23, 1869.
WICKHAM HOFFMANN, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation,
October 10, 1866 ; as Secretary of Legation,
March 18, 1867. Acted as Charge d'Affaires
ad inteHm from August 28 to September 20,
and from November 1 to November 19, 1867 ;
from July 2 to July 14, and from August 22
to September 4, 1868 ; from June 29 to August
23. 1869 : from July 2 to July 18, 1870 ; from
July 2 to August 28, 1871 ; and from October
14, 1872, to January 9, 1873. Appointed to
Great Britain, December 15, 1854.
JOHN W. DIX, of New York :
Commissioned Assistant- Secretary of Legation,
March 18, 1867. Resigned, February 12, 1869.
ELIHU B. WASHBURNE, of Illinois :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 17, 1869. 8till in Office.
FRANK MOORE, of New York :
Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation,
"^Slarch 17, 1869. Resigned, to take effect April
1, 1872.
GRATIOT WASHBURNE, of Illinois :
Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation,
February 15, 1872. Still in office.
ROBERT R. HITT :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, December
15, 1874.
GERMANY, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF.
ANDREW J. DONELSON, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, August 9, 1848. Mission abol-
ished, October 10, 1849.
GALES SEATON, of District of Columbia :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 19,
1849. Mission abolished, October 10, 1849.
TABU LA R RECORDS
597
GERMAN EMPIRE. {See Prussia.)
GEORGE BANCROFT, of New York :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, May 31, 1871.
ALEXANDER BLISS, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation to Prussia,
June 10, 1867. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad
interim from July 7 to July 21, 1872 ; from
November 11, 1872, to January 20, 1873 ; and
from August 2 to August 11, 1873.
J. C. BANCROFT DAVIS :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, in 1874,
NICHOLAS FISH, of New York :
Secretary of Legation. Acted as Charge d' Af-
faires ad interim in 1872. Still in office.
GREAT BRITAIN.
THOMAS PINCKNEY, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January
12, 1792. Took leave, July 28, 1796. Gouver-
NEUR Morris, of New York, was named by
President Washington, October 13, 1789, an
Agent to inquire as to whether there be any
and what objections on the part of Great Britain
to now perform those articles in the treaty
which remain to be performed, and whether
they are inclined to negotiate a commercial
treaty.
JOHN JAY, of New York :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary, April 19,
1794. May 6, 1794, was empowered to nego-
tiate respecting the non-execution or infraction
of the armistice of January 20, 1783, or the
treaty of peace of September 3, 1783 ; or the
instructions of His Majesty to his ships of war,
of whatever date, but especially on the 8th of
Jane and 6th of November, 1794, and the 8th
of January, 1794 ; or restitution or compensa-
tion in the cases of capture and seizure made
by his ships, and also concerning commerce,
(Four powers were given to Mr. Jay, all dated
May 6, 1794 ; 1st, as above ; 2d, excluding the
parts relative to instructions to ships of war,
compensation for capture, and commerce ; 3d,
to treat concerning compensation for capture ;
and, 4th, commerce.) Took leave, April 8, 1795,
Mr, Jay was Chief Justice while holding this
mission.
RUFUS KING, of New York :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, May
20, 1796. Took leave, May 18, 1803, Em-
powered, February 7, 1799, to negotiate a treaty
of a,mity and commerce with Russia, Mr,
Christopher Gore, a member of the mixed
commission sitting at London under treaty of
1794, acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from August 10 to November 26, 1802.
JAMES MONROE, of Virginia, and WILLIAM
PINKNEY, of Maryland :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, Mr. Mon-
roe, April 18, 1803, and Mr, Monroe and Mr,
PiNKNEY were jointly and severally commis-
sioned. May 12, 1806, as Commissioners for the
eettlement of differences with Great Britain
and establishing commerce, Mr, Monroe, and
Robert R. Livingston, of New York, who
was then Minister Plenipotentiary to Paris,
were confided, January 12, 1803, with a joint
mission to treat with France concerning the
rights and interests of the United States in the
river Mississippi, and in the Territories east-
ward thereof. At the same time Monroe was
also joined with Charles C, Pinckney, of
South Carolina, who was then Minister Pleni-
potentiary at Madrid, to treat with Spain on
the same subjects. Mr. Monroe took leave of
the British court, October 7, 1807, and Mr.
Pinkney, May 7, 1811, leaving John Spear
Smith in charge of tlie Legation till Novem-
ber 15, 1811.
JONATHAN RUSSELL, of Rhode Island :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, Commission
sent with an instruction of the 27th Jul,v, 1811,
is not of record. Mr. Russell was received
by the British government, November 15, 1811.
Received passport, at his request, September
2, 1812,
ALBERT GALLATIN, of Pennsylvania; JOHN
QUINCY ADAMS, of Massachusetts ; and JAMES
A. BAYARD, of Delaware :
Commissioned Envoys Extraordinary and Min-
isters Plenipotentiary, April 17, 1813, with
power, jointly and severally, to conclude, at St.
Petersburg, a peace with Great Britain. The
Senate rejected Mr. Gallatin, July 19, 1813,
when a new commission was issued to Mr.
Adams and Mr. Bayard. Great Britain refus-
ing to treat at St. Petersburg, a new commis-
sion was issued. (See post.)
LEAVITT HARRIS, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary to foregoing Mission
April 22, 1813. Appointed Charge d'Affaires to
Russia,
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, of Massachusetts : JAMES
A, BAYARD, of Delaware ; HENRY CLAY, of
Kentucky; JONATHAN RUSSELL, of Rhode
Island; and ALBERT GALLATIN, of Pennsyl-
vania,
Commissioned Ministers Plenipotentiary and Ex-
traordinary, respectively, January 18, 1814,
January 18, 1814, January 18, 1814, January 18,
1814, and February 9, 1814, with power to
negotiate and conclude a treaty of peace and
a treatv of commerce,
CHRISTOPHER HUGHES, Jr., of Maryland :
Commissioned Secretary to above Mission, Febru-
ary 3, 1814,
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiarv, February 28, 1815, Took leave,
May 14, 1817. '
JOHN ADAMS SMITH, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation September 8,
1815. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from
May 14 to December 22, 1817, and from May 13
to November 11, 1825. Appointed Secretary to
Legation at Madrid.
RICHARD RUSH, of Pennsylvania:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary October, 1817 ; confirmed, De-
cember 16 ; took leave April 27, 1825. Albert
Gallatin, of Pennsylvania, Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to France, was
associated with him, May 22, 1818, to conclude
treaties for the renewal of the convention of
July 3, 1815, and for commerce.
HENRY MIDDLETON, of South Carolina, (Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to
Russia:)
Empowered July 29, 1823, to negotiate with
Great Britain and Russia, jointly, concerning
Commerce and Navigation, Fisheries, Abolition
of the African Slave-trade, and concerning the
Principles of Maritime War and Neutrality.
RUFUS KING, of New York :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, May 5, 1825. Retired, June 16,
1826.
JOHN A. KING, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation May 5, 1825.
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from June
15 to August 8, 1826. Resigned, August 12, 1826.
ALBERT GALLATIN, of Pennslyvania :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis*
598
TABULAR RECORDS
ter Plenipotentiary May 18, 1826. Embarked
for the United States, October 8, 1827.
WILLIAM BEACH LAWRENCE, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation July 8, 1826.
Instructed to act as Charge d' AfEaires ad interim,
and acted from October 4, 1827, to September
2, 1828. Left his post October 13, 1828, having
previously resigned.
JAMES BARBOUR, of Virginia :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, May 23, 1828. His successor
presented, September 23, 1829.
LOUIS McLANE, of Delaware :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary April 18, 1829. Sailed for the
United States. June 19, 183L
WASHINGTON IRVING, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation June 1, 1829.
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from June
17 to September 21, 1831. Resigned, September
22,1831.
MARTIN VAN BUREN, of New York :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, August 1, 183 L Took leave
March 19, 1832, his appointment not having
been confirmed by the Senate.
AARON VAIL, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 1,
1831. Left in charge on retirement of Mr. Van
BuREN. Commissioned as Charge d' Affaires
July 13, 1832. Recommissioned as Secretary
April 6, 1«36. Superseded.
ANDREW STEVENSON, of Virginia :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 16, 1836.' Took leave
October 21, 1841. Empowered, November 7,
1837, to negotiate with Greece concerning com-
merce and navigation.
THEODORE S. FAY, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation December 26,
1836. Appointed Secretary of Legation at
Berlin.
BENJAMIN RUSH, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 21,
1837. Left July 31, 1841.
EDWARD EVERET r, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, September 13, 1841. Took
leave August 8, 1845.
FRANCIS ROBERT RIVES, of Virginia :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 24,
1842. Resigned, February 3, 1845.
LOUIS McLANE, of Maryland ;
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, June 16, 1845. Left August 18,
1846.
GANSEVOORT MELVILLE, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 8, 1845.
Died at his post.
JAMES McHENRY BOYD, of Missouri :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 19,
1846. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from August 18 to November 1, 1846. Super-
GEORGE BANCROFT, of New York :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, Septembar 9, 1846. Left
August 31, 1849.
JOHN R. BRODHEAD, of New York :
(Commissioned Secretary of Legation, October 8,
1846. Left August 2, 1849.
J. C. BANCROFT DAVIS, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 7, 1849.
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from
August 31 to October 10, 1849 ; from September
11 to October 22. 1851 ; and from January 16 to
February 18, 1852. Resigned, to take* effect
November 30, 1852.
ABBOTT LAWRENCE, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, August 20, 1849. Resigned.
Delivered archives to his successor, September
30, 1853.
JOSEPH R. INGERSOLL, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiarv, August 21, 1852. Took leave,
August 23, 1852.
WILLIAM H. TRESCOTT, of South Carolina:
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, December
30, 1852. Resigned, to take effect early in May,
1853.
JAMES BUCHANAN, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, April 11, 1853. Took leave,
March 15, 1857. Empowered, July 6, 1853, to
negotiate Convention with Bavaria concerning
Extradition, and with Hanover, December 18,
1854, on same subject.
DANIEL E. SICKLES, of New York :
Commissioned Secretarv of Legation, July 30,
1853. Retired, December 16, 1854.
JOHN APPLETON, of Maine :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, February
19, 1855. Retired, November 16, 1855. Mr.
Appleton had been commissioned. May 20,
1853, but did then accept. Was commissioned
Charge d'Affaires ad interim October 27, 1855.
GEORGE M. DALLAS, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, February 4, 1856. Took
leave, May 16, 1861.
PHILIP N. DALLAS, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, February
19, 1856. Was relieved by his successor. May
16, 1861.
CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 20, 1861.* Took leave.
May 13. 1868. Empowered, about September
23, 1862, to negotiate a treaty of commerce and
navigation with Liberia.
CHARLES L. WILSON, of Illinois :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 23,
1861. Resigned, July 15, 1864.
BENJAMIN MORAN, of Pennsylvania:
Appointed Salaried Clerk in the Legation, Feb-
ruary 1, 1855 ; commissioned Assistant-Secre-
tary of Legation, January 1, 1857; Secretary
of Legation, July 29, 1864. Has acted as
Charge d'Affaires ad interim as follows : From
August 10 to September 5, 1865 ; from Sep-
tember 25 to November 23, 1866 ; from May
13 to August 18, 1868 ; from May 13 to June
2, 1869 ; from December 6, 1870, to June 5,
1871 ; from August 14 to September 23, 1871 ;
from October 10 to December 10, 1872 ; from
October 21 to November 21, 1873 ; and from
^'ebruary 22, 1874. Transferred to Portugal,
December 15, 1874.
DENNIS R. ALWARD, of New York :
Commissioned Assistant Secretary of Legation,
September 29, 1864. Resigned, to take effect
July 1, 1868.
REVERDY JOHNSON, of Maryland :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary, June 12, 1868. Took
leave by letter, May*l2, 1869.
EDWARD C. JOHNSON, of Maryland :
Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation,
June 23, 1868. Retired, May 21, 1869.
J. LOTHROP MOTLEY, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, April 13, 1869. Took leave,
December 6, 1870. Fhederick T. Freling-
'huysen, of New Jersey, was commissioned
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo-
TABULAR RECORDS.
599
tentiary, July 15, 1870, but declined. Olivek
P. Morton, of Indiana, was commissioned,
September 23, 1870, but declined.
ADAM BADEAU, of New York :
Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation,
April 21, 1869. Resigned, December 6, 1869.
E. S. NADAL, of New Jersey .
Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation,
January 28, 1870. Left July 14, 1871.
ROBERT C. SCHENCK, of Ohio :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, December 22, 1870. Still in office.
HAMILTON FISH, Secretary of State ; Robert C.
ScHENCK, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary to Great Britain ; Samuel Nel-
son, Associate Justice of tlie Supreme Court of
the United States ; Ebenezer R. Hoar, of Massa-
chusetts : and George H. Williams, of Oregon.
Commissioned, February 10, 1871, jointly and
severally, to be Commissioners on the part of
the United States in a joint high commission
between the United States and Great Britain for
settling the differences between the two powers.
May 2, 1871, they were appointed Plenipoten-
tiaries witli power to sign a treaty.
J. C. BANCROFT DAVIS, Assistant Secretary of
State : Appointed Secretary of the American Com-
missioners in the joint high commission, Feb-
ruary 14, 1871.
MAXWELL WOODHULL, of the District of Co-
lumbia :
Commissioned Assistant-Secretary of Legation,
May 12, 1871. Resigned, June 7, 1872.
WILLIAM H. CHEESEBROUGH, of New York :
Commissioned Assistant Secretary of Legation,
June 8, 1872. Previously commissioned March
17, 1871, but declined. Still in office.
WICKHAM HOFFMAN,
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, December
15, 1874.
GREECE.
ANDREW STEVENSON, of Virginia, (Envoy Ex-
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Great
Britain) :
Empowered, November 7, 1837, to negotiate a
treaty of commerce and navigation.
CHARLES'K. TUCKERMAN, of New York :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 11, 1868.
Took leave, November 4. 1871.
JOHN M. FRANCIS, of New York :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 15, 1871.
Left on leave, June 25, and resigned, to take
effect. November 7, 1873.
J. MEREDITH READ, Jr., of New York :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, November 7,
1873. Still in office.
GUATEMALA.
ELIJAH HISE, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, March 31, 1848.
Was authorized to conclude a treaty of com-
merce with San Salvador. Took leave of that
Government, June 19, 1849, and of the Gov-
ernment of Guatemala, June 21, 1849.
E. GEORGE SQUIER, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 2, 1849.
Was authorized to conclude treaties of com-
merce with Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua,
and Salvador. Left Nicaragua on leave, about
June 25, 1850 ; removed, September 13. Balis
M. Edney, of North Carolina, was commis-
sioned Charge d'Affaires, August 30, 1852, but
did not proceed to his" post; commission re-
voked, February 16, 1853.
SOLON BORLAND, of Arkansas :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, April 18, 1853. John
Slidell, of Louisiana, was commissioned
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo-
tentiary, March 29, 1853, but declined. John
Elias Warren was commissioned Secretary
of Legation, April 6, 1853, but declined. Mr.
Borland was also accredited to Costa Rica,
Honduras, Nicaragua, and Salvador. Did
not present his credentials to Governmeni of
Guatemala. Left Nicaragua, April 17, 1854.
Resigned, to take effect, June 30, 1854.
FREDERICK A. BEELEN, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 28,
1853. Appointed Secretary of Legation in
Chili, August 2, 1854.
JOHN L. MARLING, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 2, 1854.
Left on leave, May 8. Resigned, October 2,
1856, and died on the 10th.
WILLIAM E. VENABLE, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Minister-Resident. March 14, 1857.
Died in Guatemala, August 22, 1857, before
presenting his credentials.
BEVERLY L. CLARKE, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 7, 1858;
also accredited to Honduras. Died in Guate-
mala, March 17, 1860.
ELISHA 0. CROSBY, of New York :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 22, 1861.
Took leave, June 13, and left Guatemala, June
22, 1864. William Kellogg, of Illinois, was
commissioned Minister-Resident, April 21,
1864. but did not serve,
FITZ HENRY WARREN, of Iowa :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 12,
1865. Took leave, Auoust 11, 1869.
SILAS A. HUDSON, of Iowa :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 22, 1869.
Left on leave, October 12, 1872. Mission con-
solidated with missions to other Central Amer-
ican States, July 1, 1873.
GEORGE WILLIAMSON, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 17, 1873,
to take effect, July 1, 1873 ; also accredited to
Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Sal-
vador. Still in office.
HANOVER. ♦
HENRY WHEATON, of New York (Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia) :
Empowered, December 15, 1837, to negotiate a
treaty of commerce and navigation.
A. DUDLEY MANN, of Ohio :
Special agent. Empowered, March 27, 1846, to
negotiate a treaty of commerce and navigation.
JAMES BUCHANAN, of Pennsylvania (Envoy Ex-
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Great
Britain) :
Empowered, December 18, 1854, to negotiate a
treaty of extradition.
NORMAN B. JUDD, of Illinois (Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia):
Empowered, July 25, 1861, to treat concerning- the
abolition of the stadt dues.
HAWAII.
GEORGE BROWN, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Commissioner, March, 3, 1848.
Left, June 20, 1846.
ANTHONY TEN EYCK, of Michigan :
Commissioned Commissioner, April 19, 1845.
Services terminated, December 31, 1849.
CHARLES FAMES, of New York :
Commissioned Commissioner, January 13, 1849.
Met Mr. Judd, His Hawaiian Majesty's Pleni-
potentiary, at San Francisco, and there con-
cluded a treaty of amity, commerce, and navi-
gation. Resigned, October 22, 1849.
600
TABULAR RECORDS
LUTHER SEVERENCE, of Maine :
Commissioned Commissioner, June 7,1850. Took
leave, December 20, 1853. Shelton F. Leake,
of Virginia, was Commissioned Commissioner,
May 24, 1853, but declined, June 4, 1853.
DAVID L. GREGG, of Illinois :
Commissioned Commissioner, July 6, 1853. Left,
May 25, 1858.
JAMES W. BOEDEN, of Indiana :
Commissioned Commissioner, January 11, 1858.
Left, June 15, 1861.
THOMAS J. DRYER, of Oregon :
Commissioned Commissioner, March 26, 1861.
Left, June 19, 1863.
JAMES McBRIDE, of Oregon :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 9, 1863.
Left Honolulu, July 27, 1866.
EDWARD M. McCOOK, of Colorado :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 21, 1866.
Henry B. Rouse acted as Charge d' Affaires
ad interim from about November 21, 1866, to
June 21, 1867. Morgan L. Smith, United
States Consul at Honolulu, acted from Septem-
ber 25, 1867, until February 26, 1868, when he
resigned and placed Z. S. Spalding, Vice-Con-
sul, in charge, who served until about July 17,
1868. Mr. McCook left Honolulu on leave,
December 5, 1868, and resigned, April 15, 1869.
On his departure he placed Elias Perkins,
Consul at Lahaina, in charge, who served until
July 19, 1869.
HENRY A. PEIRCE, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 10, 1869.
Still in office.
HAYTI.
BENJAMIN F. WHIDDEN, of New Hampshire :
Commissioned Commissioner and Consul -General,
July 12, 1862. Left his post, February 23, 1865.
H. E. PECK, of Ohio :
Commissioned Commissioner and Consul-General,
March 14, 1865. Commissioned Minister-Resi-
dent and Consul-General, August 6, 1866. Pre-
sented credentials as such, October 11, 1866.
Died at post, June 9, 1867.
GIDEON H. HOLLISTER, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Minister-Resident and Consul-
General, February 5, 1868. Took leave, Sep-
tember 7 1869.
EBENEZER d! BASSETT, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Minister-Resident and Consul-
General, April 16, 1869. Still in office.
HESSE CASSEL.
HENRY WHEATON, of New York (Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia) :
Empowered, November 18, 1843, to treat concern-
ing the abolition of the droit d'aubaine and taxes
on emigration.
GEORGE BANCROFT, of New York (Envoy Extra-
ordinary aud Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia) :
Empowered, May 25. 1868, to treat concerning
naturalization.
HONDURAS.
SOLON BORLAND, of Arkansas :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, April 18, 1853. John Sli-
DELL, of Louisiana, was Commissioned Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary,
March 29, 1853, but declined. John Elias
WARRiSN, was commissioned Secretary of
Legation, April 6, 1853, but declined. Mr.
Borland was also accredited to Costa Rica,
Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Salvador ; did not
present his credentials to the government of
Honduras ; left Nicaragua, April 17, 1854 ; re-
signed, to take effect June 30, 1854.
FREDERICK A. BEELEN, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 28,
1853. Appointed Secretary of Legation in
Chili, August 2, 1854.
BEVERLY L. CLARKE, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 14,
1858 ; also accredited to Guatemala ; died at
Guatemala, March 17, 1860. Hezekiah G.
Wells, of Michigan, was commissioned Minis-
ter-Resident, August 7. 1861 ; declined, Octo-
ber 19, 1861. Jacob M. Howard, of Michigan,
was commissioned November 7, 1861, but de-
clined, November 16.
JAMES R. PARTRIDGE, of Maryland :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, February 10,
1862. Terminated his services, June 6, 1863.
Appointed Minister-Resident to Salvador.
THOMAS H. CLAY, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 16, 1863.
Delivered archives to successor, August 10,
1866.
RICHARD H. ROUSSEAU, of, Kentucky :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 14, 1866.
Left for United States, about June 1, 1869.
HENRY BAXTER, of Michigan :
Commissioned Minister- Resident, April 21, 1869.
Took leave, about June 30, 1873. Mission con-
solidated with missions toother Central Ameri-
can States, July 1, 1873.
GEORGE WILLIAMSON, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 17, 1873,
to take effect July 1 ; also accredited to Costa
Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Salvador.
Still in offix^e.
ITALY.
GEORGE P. MARSH, of Vermont:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, March 20, 1861. Still in
office.
GREEN CLAY, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 10,
1862. William H. Fry. of New York, was
commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 27,
1861 ; did not proceed to post ; superseded by
Mr. Clay. Mr. Clay acted as Charge d' Af-
faires ad interim from August 4 to October 5,
1866, and from August 17 to November 2, 1867.
Resigned, July 12, 1868.
T. BIGELOW LAWRENCE, of Massachusetts :
Consul-General at Florence. Acted as Charge
d'Affaires ad interim from August 3 to October
3 1868
HENRY P. HAY, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 25,
1868. Left for the United States, May 12, 1869.
GEORGE W. WURTS, of Pennsylvania:
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 16,
1869. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from August 13 to September 11, and from Oc-
tober 21 to November 20, 1869 ; from July 11
to August 21, 1870 ; from August 24 to October
24, 1871 ; from July 1 to August 30, 1872; and
from August 2 to October 1, 1873. Still in
office.
JAPAN.
EDMUND ROBERTS, of New Hampshire :
Special Agent. Instructed, October 28, 1832, to
present himself at Japan for the purpose of
opening trade. Nothing was accomplished.
Caleb Cushing, Commissioner to China, on
August 14, 1844, was empowered to negotiate a
treaty of navigation and commerce. These
powers were transferred, April 16, 1845, to
Alexander H. Everett.
JOHN H. AULICK, Commodore :
Empowered, May 30, 1851, to obtain permission
to purchase supplies for United States steam-
TABULAR RECORDS.
601
ers, and to negotiate a treaty of amity and
commerce.
MATTHEW C. PERRY, Commodore :
November 13, 1852, tlie powers of Commodore
AuLTCK were transferred to Commodore Perry.
TOWNSEND HARRIS, of New York :
Commissioned Consul-General, September 8, 1855.
Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 19,
1859. Presented credentials as such, January
19, 1859. Took leave, April 26, 1862.
ROBERT H. PRUYN, of New York :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, October 12, 1861.
Left on leave, April 28, 1865. Resigned, Octo-
ber 25, 1865. Chauncey M. Depew, of New
York, was commissioned Minister-Resident,
November 15, 1865, and declined, December 4.
A. L. C. PORTMAN, of New York:
Commissioned Interpreter to Legation, June 27,
1861. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from April 28, 1865, to August 13, 1866. Sus-
pended, September 16, 1870.
ROBERT B. VAN VALKENBURGH, of New York:
Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 18,
1866, Took leave, November 11, 1869.
CHARLES E. DE LONG, of Nevada :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 21, 1869.
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary, July 14, 1870. Presented
credentials as such, June 9, 1871. Took leave
October 7, 1873. J. C. Hepburn was commis-
sioned Interpreter to Legation, April 6, 1871,
but declined, June 15.
CHARLES 0. SHEPARD, of New York:
Consul at Kanagawa. Acted as Charge d' Affaires
ad interim from December 6 to November 8,
1871, and from December 23, 1871, to August
10, 1872.
NATHAN E. RICE, of Maine :
Commissioned Interpreter to Legation, March 22,
1872. Still in office.
EGBERT DE LONG BERRY, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 5,
1872. Suspended, August 6, 1873.
JOHN A. BINGHAM, of Ohio :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, May 31, 1883. Still in
office.
DURHAM W. STEVENS, of the District of Colum-
bia :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 6,
1872. Still in office.
LEW CHEW.
MATTHEW C. PERRY, Commodore :
Concluded an agreement for the treatment of
Americans at Lew Chew, July 11, 1854.
LIBERIA.
CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS, of Massachusetts (En-
voy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to
Great Britain) :
Empowered about September 23, 1862, to con-
clude a treaty of commerce and navigation.
ABRAHAM HENS'ON, of Wisconsin :
Commissioned Commissioner and Consul-General,
June 8, 1863. John J. Henry, of Delaware,
was commissioned Commissioner and Consul-
General, March 11, 1863; resigned, May 19.
Mr. Henson died at post, July 20, 1866.
JOHN SEYS, of Ohio :
Commissioned Minister-Resident and Consul-
General, October 8, 1866 ; left post about June
10, 1870. Francis E. Dumas, of Louisiana,
was commissioned Minister-Resident and Con-
sul-General, April 21, 1869 ; declined, May 5.
J. MILTON TURNER, of Missouri :
Commissioned Minister-Resident and Consul-
General, March 1, 1871. Still in office.
MADAGASCAR.
JOHN P. FINKELMEIER, of New Jersey (Commer-
cial Agent at Tamatave) :
Verbally instructed. Concluded a treaty concern-
ing commerce, rights of citizens, and consuls,
February 14, 1867.
MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN.
A. DUDLEY MANN, of Ohio :
Special Agent. Empowered, March 28, 1846, to
negotiate a treaty of commerce and navigation,
MEXICO.
JOEL R POINSETT, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 8, 1825. Gen. An-
drew Jackson was commissioned as Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to
Mexico, January 27, 1823. He declined the
appointment, and Ninian Edwards was com-
missioned, March 4, 1824. April 22, 1824, he
was instructed not to proceed to his post, in
consequence of charges made by him against
W. H. Crawford, Secretary of the Treasury.
John Mason, Jr., was commissioned Secre-
tary of Legation, January 27, 1823, but did not
go to his post. Mr. Poinsett was commis-
sioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni-
potentiary to Congress of Panama, which was
to le-assemble at Tacubaya, February 12, 1827.
Took leave of Mexican government, December
25 18''9
ANTHONY BUTLER, of Mississippi :
Commissioned Charge dAffaires, October 12, 1829.
The credentials of his successor were presented
May 11, 1836.
POWHATAN ELLIS, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, January 5,1836.
Demanded his passports and withdrew the le-
gation from Mexico, December 28, 1836. Com-
missioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, February 15, 1839. Took
leave, April 21, 1842.
THOMAS H. ELLIS, of Virginia :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 2,
1839. Resigned, May 20, 1841.
BRANTZ MAYER, of Maryland :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September
10, 1841. Superseded, June 9, 1843.
WADDY THOMPSON, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, February 10, 1842. Took leave,
March 9, 1844.
BENJAMIN E. GREEN, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 24,
1843. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from March 9 to September 1, 1844.
WILSON SHANNON, of Ohio :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, April 9, 1844. Diplomatic in-
tercourse having been suspended, he demanded
his passports and left Mexico, May 14, 1845.
JOHN SLIDELL, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, November 10, 1845. Mexican
government declined, March 12, 1846, to receive
him. Resigned, January 26, 1847.
WIILLIAM S. PARROTT, of Virginia:
Confidential agent to restore suspended inter-
course between Mexico and the United States,
appointed, March 28, 1845. Commissioned
Secretary of Legation, November 20, 1845.
Superseded by appointment of Robert M.
Walsh. Moses Y. Beach, confidential agent
to bring about peace between Mexico and the
United States, appointed, November 31, 1846.
602
TABULAR RECORDS
NICHOLAS P. TRIST, of Virginia (Chief Clerk of
Department) :
Commissioned Commissioner, April 15, 1847.
Services terminated about February 12, 1848.
AMBROSE H. SEVIER, of Arkansas, and NATHAN
CLIFFORD, of Maine :
Commissioned Commissioners, witli rank of En-
voys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipoten-
tiary, March 14. and March 18, 1848. Mr. Se-
vier took leave June 4, 1848. Mr. Clifford
presented credentials as Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary, October 2, 1848.
Took leave, September 6. 1849.
ROBERT M. WALSH, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 14,
1848. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from October 31, 1848, to January 30, 1840, and
from September 6, 1849, to February 7, 1850,
when his functions ceased.
NATHAN CLIFFORD, of Maine :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, July 28, 1848. Took leave,
September 6, 1849.
ROBERT P. LETCHER, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Envi»y Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, August 9, 1849. Left, August
3, 1852.
BUCKINGHAM SMITH, of Florida :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September
9, 1850. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from January 26 to October 8, 1851. Recalled,
February 2, 1872.
WILLIAM RICH, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, January 22,
1852. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interiin
from August 3 to November 30, 1852.
ALFRED CONKLING, of New York :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, August 6, 1852. Took leave.
August 17, 1853.
JOHN S. CRIPPS, of California :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 13,
1853. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from January — to June 4, 1854, and from May
— to August — , 1856. Recalled, August 16, 1856.
JAMES GADSDEN, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiarv, May 24, 1853. Took leave,
October 23, 1856.
JOHN FORSYTH, of Alabama :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, July 21, 1856. Demanded his
passports and withdrew legation from Mexico,
October 20, 1858.
WALKER FEARN, of Alabama :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 21, 1856.
ROBERT M. McLANE, of Maryland :
Commissioned Envov Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 7, 1889. Took leave, De-
cember 22, 1860.
HENRY ROY DE LA REINTRIE. of California:
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 7,
1859. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from September 1 to November 21, 1859. Re-
signed, December 14, 1859.
CHARLES LE DOUX ELGEE, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, January 16,
1860. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from January 23 to March 28, 1860 ; from July
10 to about October 20, 1870 ; and from Decem-
ber 22, 1830, to January 30, 1861. Resigned, De-
cember 22. 1860.
JOHN B. WELLER, of California :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, November 17, 1860. Took leave,
May 14, 1861.
THOMAS CORWIN, of Ohio :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 22, 1861 ; left post on
leave, April 27, and resigned September 1, 186 L
John A. Logan, of Illinois, was commissioned
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten-
tiary, November 14, 1865, but declined.
WILLIAM H. CORWIN, of Ohio :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 27,
1861. Acted as Charge d'affaires ad interim
from April 27, 1864, to April 21, 1866. Re-
called, November 22, 1865.
LEWIS D. CAMPBELL, of Ohio :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, May 4, 1866. Did not reach
Mexico. Resigned, June 16, 1867. William
A. Browning, of Tennessee, was commissioned
Secretary of Legation. November 14, 1865.
Died before leaving the United States.
EDWARD LEE PLUMB, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, November 5,
1866. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from August 15, 1867, to December 10, 1868.
Resigned, December 10, 1868.
MARCUS OTTERBOURG, of Wisconsin :
Consul at Mexico. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad
interim from April 21, 1806, to August 20.1867,
when he presented his credentials as Envoy
Extraoi'dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary,
for which he was commissioned, July 1, 1867.
Took leave, September 7, 1867.
WILLIAM S. ROSECRANS. of Ohio:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiarv, July 27, 1868. Took leave,
June 26, 1869.'
THOMAS H. NELSON, of Indiana:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, April 16, 1869. Took leave,
June 16, 1873.
JAMES St. CLAIR BOAL, of Blinois :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 21,
1869. Superseded.
PORTER C. BLISS, of the District of Columbia :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 12,1870.
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Octo-
ber 1, 1872, to January 8, 1873. StiU in office.
JOHN W. FOSTER, of Indiana :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 17, 1873. Still in office.
DANIEL S. RICHA'RDSON :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, December,
1875.
MOROCCO.
DAVID HUMPHRIES, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Commissioner Plenipotentiary,
March 13, 1795, to negotiate a treaty of amity,
and commerce.
JAMES R. LElB,of Pennsylvania (Consul at Tangier):
Empowered, July 4, 1835, to negotiate a treaty of
navigation and commerce.
JESSE H. McMATH, of Ohio (Consul at Tangier) :
Empowered, November 1, 1864, to negotiate a
treaty for the maintenance of Cape Spartel
. Light-house, on Morocco coast.
MUSCAT.
EDMUND ROBERTS, of New Hampshire :
Special Agent. Empowered, January 26, 1832, to
negotiate a treaty of commerce.
NASSAU.
HENRY WHEATON, of New York, Envoy Extraor-
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia) :
Empowered to negotiate for the abolition of droit
d'aubaine and taxes on emigration.
NETHERLAND.
WILLIAM SHORT, of Virginia :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 16,
1792. Left the Hague, December 19, 1792, on
a diplomatic mission to Madrid.
TABULAR RECORDS
603
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, of Massaclmsetts :
Commissioned Minister- Resident, May 30, 1794.
Took leave, June 20. 1797.
THOMAS BOYLESTON ADAMS, of Massachusetts :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad inttrim from Octo-
ber 19. 1795, to May 31, 1796.
WILLIAM VANS MURRAY, of Maryland :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 2, 1797.
Took leave, September 2, 1801.
WILLIAM EUSTIS, of Massachusetts:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, December 19,1814. Took leave,
May 5. 1818.
ALEXANDER H. EVERETT, of Massachusetts:
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, January 24,
1815. Acted as Charge d' K^aive^ ad interim
from May 1 to July 15, 1815.
ALBERT GALLATIN, of Pennsylvania, and WIL-
LIAM EUSTIS, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Joint Envoys Extraordinary and
Ministers Plenipotentiary, April 5, 1817. Mr.
Gallatin left the Hague, September 22, 1817,
and Mr. Eqstis took leave. May 5, 1818.
J. J. APPLETON, of Massachusetts:
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from Octo-
ber 20, 1817, to April 18, 1818, and from May
5, 1818, to January 4, 1819.
ALEXANDER H. EVERETT, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, June 27, 1818.
Left, April 7, 1824.
CHRISTOPHER HUGHES, Jr., of Maryland:
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 9, 1825.
Left. February 1, 1830. Was instructed, March
24, 1825, to stop at Copenhagen and endeavor
to procure a satisfactory adjustment of the
claims growing out of the spoliations commit-
ted under the Danish flag on the commerce of
the United States,
WILLIAM P. PREBLE, of Maine :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, June 1, 1829. Left about May
2, 1831.
AUGUSTE DAVEZAC, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 11,
1829. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from May 2 to about December 30, 1831, when
he presented his credentials as Charge d Affaires,
for which he was commissioned, October 15,
1831. Left about July 15, 1839.
HARMANUS BLEECKER, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 15, 1839.
Left, August 26, 1842.
CHRISTOPHER HUGHES, of Maryland :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 12, 1842.
Left, June 28, 1845.
AUGUSTE DAVEZAC, of Louisiana:
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 19, 1845.
Left, September 28, 1850.
GEORGE FOLSOM, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 4, 1850.
Left, October 20, 1853.
AUGUST BELMONT, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 24, 1853.
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 29,1 S54.
Presented credentials as such, September 26,
1854. Left, September 22, 1857.
HENRY C. MURPHY, of New York :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 1, 1857.
Left, June 8, 1861.
JAMES S. PIKE, of Maine :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 28, 1861.
Took leave. May 17, 1866. Daniel E. Sickles,
of New York, was commissioned Minister-Res-
ident, May 11, 1866, but declined. John A.
Dix, of New York, was commissioned, June 27,
1866, but also declined.
ALBERT RHODES, of Pennsylvania :
Consul at Rotterdam. Acted as Charge d'Affaires
ad interim from September 28 to December 1,
1866.
HUGH EWING, of Kansas :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, September 24,
1866. His successor presented his letters, De-
cember 15, 1870.
CHARLES T. GORHAM, of Michigan:
Commissioned Minister-Resident, July 12, 1870.
Hill in office.
JAMES BINNEY :
Commissioned Minister.
NICARAGUA. (See Central America.)
JOHN B. KERR, of Maryland :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 12, 1851.
Demanded his passport. May 5, 1853, and left
June 1.
SOLON BORLAND, of Arkansas :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, April "i8, 1853. John Sli-
DELL, of Louisiana, was commissioned Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary,
March 29, 1853, but declined. John Eltas
Warren was commissioned Secretary of Le-
gation, April 6, 1853, but declined. Mr. Bor-
land was also accredited to Costa I.ica, Guate-
mala, Honduras, and Salvador. Left Nicaragua,
April 17, 1854. Resigned, to take effect, June
30.
FREDERICK A. BEELEN, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 28,
1853. Appointed Secretary of Legation in
Chili, August 2, 1854.
JOHN H. WHEELER, of North Carolina :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 2, 1854.
Left, about November 5, 1856. Resigned,
March 2, 1857.
MIRABEAU B. LAMAR, of Texas :
Commissioned Minister- Resident, January 20,
1858. Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary, December 23, 1857 ;
appointment revoked. Also accredited to Costa
Rica. Took leave, May 12, 1859.
ALEXANDER DIMITRY, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 15,
1859. Also accredited to Costa Rica. Left,
April 27, 1861.
ANDREW B. DICKINSON, of New York :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 28, 1861.
Took leave, January 15, 1863.
THOMAS H. CLAY, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, October 21,
1862. Delivered archives to successor, June 2,
1863. Appointed Minister-Resident to Hondu-
ras.
ANDREW B. DICKINSON, of New York :
Commissioned Minister-Resident and Extraordi-
nary, April 18, 1863. Took leave, July 29, 1869.
C. N. RIOTTE, of Texas :
Commissioned Minister Resident, April 21, 1869.
Left on leave, January 15, 1873. Mission con-
solidated with Missions to other Central Amer-
ican States, July 1, 1873.
GEORGE WILLIAMSON, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 17, 1873 ;
to take effect, July 1. Also accredited to Costa
Rica, Guatemala.Honduras, and Salvador. Still
in office.
OLDENBURG.
A. DUDLEY MANN, of Ohio :
Special Agent. Empowered, March 28, 1846, to
negotiate a Treaty of Commerce and Naviga-
tion.
ORANGE FREE STATE.
WILLARD W. EDGECOMB, of Maine (Consul at
Cape Town) :
604
TABULAR RECORDS
Empowered, June 24, 1871, to negotiate a Treaty
of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.
PANAMA, CONGRESS OF.
RICHARD C. ANDERSON, of Kentucky (Minister
Plenipotentiary to Colombia) ; JOHN SARGENT,
of Pennsylvania ; and JOEL R. POINSETT, of
South Carolina (Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary to Mexico) :
Commissioned Joint Envoys Extraordinary and
Ministers Plenipotentiary to the Assembly of
American States — Anderson and Sargent,
March 14, 1826, and Poinsett added, Febru-
ary 12, 1827, in place of Anderson, who died
at Carthagena, July 24, 1826. The Assembly
adjourned to re-assemble at Tacubaya, Mexico.
It did not again meet, and Sargent left Mexi-
co for the United States about June 4, 1827.
WILLIAM B. ROCHESTER, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary to tlie Mission to Pana-
ma, March 14, 1826. Appointed Charge d' Af-
faires to Central America.
JOHN SPEED SMITH, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Secretary to the Mission to Tacu-
baya, March 3, 1827.
PARAGUAY.
EDWARD A. HOPKINS, of Vermont .
Special Agent. Appointed, June 10, 1845, for the
purpose of forming friendly relations and
obtaining information concerning Paraguay.
Returned to Washington, June 7, 1846.
JOHN S. PENDLETON, of Virginia (Charge d Af-
faires to the Argentine Republic), and ROBERT
C. SCHENCK, of Ohio (Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary to Brazil) :
Empowered, April 27, 1852, to negotiate a Treaty
of Commerce.
RICHARD FITZ PATRICK, of Texas :
Special Agent. Empowered, August 5, 1856, to
Exchange the foregoing Treaty concluded by
Pendleton.
JAMES B. BOWLIN, of Missouri :
Commissioned Commissioner, September 9, 1858.
Took leave, February 10, 1859.
CAVE JOHNSON, of Tennessee :
Commissioner. Appointed, June 8, 1860, under
Convention of February 4, 1859, to adjust the
claims of the United States and Paraguay
Navigation Company.
SAMUEL WARD, of New York :
Secretary and Interpreter to the above Commis-
sion. Appointed, June 8, 1860.
CHARLES A. WASHBURN, of California :
Commissioned Commissioner, June 8, 1861 ; com-
missioned Minister-Resident, January 19, 1863.
Presented credentials as such, May 13, 1863.
Received passports, September 9, 1868.
MARTIN T. McMAHON, of New York :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 27, 1868.
Took leave, June 21, 1869.
JOHN L. STEVENS, of Maine :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 28, 1870 ;
also accredited to Uruguay. Left Montevideo
on leavp. May 19, 1873 ; and resigned, Novem-
ber 15, 1873.
JOHN C. CALDWELL, of Maine :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 8, 1874;
also accredited to Uruguay. Still in office.
PERSIA.
CARROLL SPENCE, of Maryland (Minister-Resident
to Turkey) :
Empowered, May 24, 1855, to negotiate a Treaty
of Commerce.
PERU.
JAMES COOLEY, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, May 2, 1826.
Died at bis post, February 24, 1828.
SAMUEL LARNED, of Rhode Island :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, December 29,
1828. Mr. West having been appointed
Charge d' Affaires, and having died on the way
to his post, Mr. Larned was re-commissioned,
May 15, 1830. Left, March 2, 1837.
EMANUEL J. WEST, of Illinois:
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, October 22,
1829. Died on the way to his post.
SAMUEL LARNED, of Rhode Island :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, May 15, 1830.
Left, March 2, 1837.
JAMES B. THORNTON, of New Hampshire :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, June 15, 1836.
Died at his post, January 25, 1838.
J. C. PICKETT of Kentucky ;
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, June 9, 1838.
Delivered archives to his successor, April 28,
1845.
JOHN A. BRYAN, of Ohio :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, August 15,
1844. Left about August 4, 1845.
ALBERT G. JEWETT, of Maine :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, March 13, 1845.
Left, July 21, 1847.
JOHN RANDOLPH CLAY, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, March 3, 1847.
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, March 16, 1853. Presented
. credentials as such, August 22, 1853. De-
manded his passports, October 23, 1860. John
I. Martin was commissioned Secretary of Le-
gation, March 28, 1853, but declined, June 5.
JAMES C. MARRIOTT, of Maryland :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September
12, 1853. Resigned, November 27, 1854.
SAMUEL S. COX, of Ohio :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, February
19, 1855. Proceeded as far as Aspinwall, and
was obliged to return because of ill-health.
Resigned, August 11, 1855.
Z. B. CAVERLY, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September
4, 1855. Dismissed, April 1, 1861.
CHRISTOPHER ROBINSON, of Rhode Island :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, June 8, 1861. Delivered ar-
chives to his successor, November 28, 1865.
William Stickney, of District of Columbia,
was commissioned Secretary of Legation, Au-
gust 13, 1861, but declined.
THOMAS I. POPE, of California ;
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 18,
1865. Dismissed, September 3, 1865.
ALVIN P. HOVEY, of Indiana :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, August 12, 1865. Took leave,
September 20, 1870.
CLARENCE EYTINGE, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, November
1, 1865. Resigned, March 17, 1867. James M.
Carr, of Ohio, was commissioned Secretary of
Legation, August 23, 1865, but declined.
HENRY M. BRENT, of the District of Colum-
bia :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 18,
1867. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from May 21, 1869, to February 1, 1870, from
September 20, 1870, to May 13, 1871, and from
November 20, 1871, to July 10, 1872. Resigned,
January 26, 1873.
THOMAS SETTLE, of North Carolina :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, February 18, 1871. Left on
TABULAR RECORDS
605
leave, November 20, 1871. Resigned, February
20, 1872.
FRANCIS THOMAS, of Maryland :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 25, 1872. Resigned.
RICHARD GIBBS :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, April 9, 1875.
PERU— BOLIVIAN CONFEDERATION.
J. C. PICKETT, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, June 9, 1838.
Empowered, June 15, 1838, to negotiate a Treaty
of Commerce and Navigation with Ecuador.
PORTUGAL.
DAVID HUMPHREYS, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, February 21,
1791. Took leave, July 25, 1797, having been
appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain.
John Quincy Adams was commissioned Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary to Portugal, May 30, 1796,
but did not proceed thither, having been ap-
pointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia.
WILLIAM SMITH, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, July 10,
1797. Took leave, September 9, 1801.
THOMAS SUMTER, Jr., of South Carolina :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, March 7,
1809. Accredited to the Portuguese Court, re-
siding in Brazil. Took leave, July 24, 1819.
JOHN GRAHAM, of Virginia :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January
6, 1819. Accredited to the Portuguese Court,
residing in Brazil. Left Rio de Janeiro on ac-
count of illness, June 13, 1820. Died in the
United States, July 31, 1820.
JOHN JAMES APPLETON, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 3,
1819. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from June 13, to June — , 1821.
HENRY DEARBORN, Se., of New Hampshire :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, May 7, 1822. Took leave, June
30, 1824.
THOMAS L. L. BRENT, of Virginia :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 8, 1822.
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from
June 30, 1824, until received as Charge d' Af-
faires, June 24, 1825. Commissioned Charge
d' Affaires, March 9, 1825. Received passports,
at his request, November 25, 1834.
EDWARD KAVANAGH, of Maine :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, March 3, 1835.
Left Lisbon on leave, April 19, 1841, and re-
signed, June 28 following. Amand T. Don-
NETT, acting Consul at Lisbon, acted as Charge
d'Affaires ad interim from August 27, 1840, to
February 13, 1841, and from April 19 to De-
cember 24, 1841.
WASHINGTON BARROW, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, August 16, 1841.
Left, Febrnary 24, 1844.
ABRAHAM RENCHER, of North Carolina :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, September 22,
1843. Left, November 18, 1847.
GEORGE W. HOPKINS, of Virginia :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 3, 1847.
Left, October 18, 1849.
JAMES BROWN CLAY, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, August 1, 1849.
Left, July 19, 1850.
CHARLES B. HADDOCK, of New Hampshire :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, December 10,
1850. Left, June 30, 1854.
JOHN L. O'SULLIVAN, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, February 16,
1854. Commissioned Minister-Resident, June
29, 1854. Presented credentials as such, Octo-
ber 19, 1854. Took leave, July 15, 1858.
GEORGE W. MORGAN, of Ohio :
Commissioned Minister- Resident, May 11, 1858.
Took leave, July 19, 1861.
JAMES E. HARVEY, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 28, 1861.
Took leave, July 15, 1869.
C. A. MUNRO, of New York:
Consul at Lisbon. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad
interim from July 18, 1867, to August — , 1868.
SAMUEL SHELLABARGER, of Ohio :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 21, 1869.
Resigned, to take effect December 31, 1869.
William Cumback, of Indiana, was commis-
sioned Minister-Resident, January 28, 1870, but
did not proceed to his post.
HENRY S. NEAL, of Ohio :
Consul at Lisbon. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad
interim from January 1 to June 6, 1870.
CHARLES H. LEWIS, of Virginia :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 15,1870.
Resigned.
H. W. DIMAN, of Rhode Island :
Consul at Lisbon. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad
interim from August 1 to September 8, 1873.
BENJAMIN MORAN, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, December 15,
1874.
PRUSSIA. (See Germany,)
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, June 1,
1797. Took leave about April 28, 1801. Com-
missioned Commissioner, March 14, 1798, to
Sweden, with authority to negotiate a Treaty
of Commerce.
HENRY WHEATON, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 3, 1835.
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary, March 7, 1837. Pre-
sented credentials as such, September 29, 1837.
Empowered to treat with Bavaria, Hesse Cas-
sel, Saxony, and Wtirtemberg, concerning the
Abolition of droit d'auhaine and Taxes on Emi-
gration, and with Hanover concerning Com-
merce and Navigation. Took leave, July 18,
1846. Charles A. Ingersoll was commis-
sioned Secretary of Legation, March 8, 1837,
but declined, April 13.
THEODORE S. FAY, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 17,
1837. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from November 16, 1841, to April 13, 1842;
from July 18 to October 18, 1848 ; from May 12
to May 23, 1849 ; from January 13 to December
10, 1850 ; and from August 15, 1851, to June 2,
1852. Functions ceased, June 11, 1853.
ANDREW J. DONELSON, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 18, 1846. Took leave,
June 9, 1849.
EDWARD A. HANNEGAN, of Indiana :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 22, 1849. Took leave,
January 13, 1850.
DANIEL D. BARNARD, of New York :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, September 3, 1850. Took leave,
September 21, 1853.
0. JENNINGS WISE, of Virginia:
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 19,
1853. Appointed Secretary of Legation at
PETER D. VROOM, of New Jersey:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, May 24, 1853. Empowered,
February 15, 1855, to negotiate a Treaty of Ex-
606
TABULAR RECORDS.
tradition witli Baden. Took leave, August 10,
1857.
EDWARD G. W. BUTLER, Jr., of Louisiana:
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, January 17,
1856. Acted as Cliarge d' A if aires ad interim
from August 11 to September 3, 1867. Super-
JOSEPH A." WRIGHT, of Indiana ;
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiarv, June 1, 1857. Took leave,
July 1, 1861.
NORMAX B. JUDD, of Illinois:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 8, 1861. Empowered,
July 25, 1861, to negotiate a Treaty with Han-
over for the Abolition of tlie Stadt Dues. Took
leave, September 3, 1865.
HERMANN KREISMANN, of Illinois:
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 8,
1861. Acted as Cliarge d'Affaires ad interim
from July 8 to September 8, 186'3; from June
27 to August 31, 1863 ; from October 23 to De-
cember 28, 1863 ; and from July 6 to September
10, 1864. Resigned, to take effect September
12, 1865.
JOSEPH A. WRIGHT, of Indiana:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiarv, June 30, 1865. Died at his
post. May 11, 1867.
JOHN C. WRIGHT, of Indiana :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September
6, 1865. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from May 11 to August 28, 1867. Resigned,
May 11. 1867.
GEORGE BANCROFT, of New York :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, May 14, 1867. Empowered to
negotiate Treaties of Naturalization with Ba-
den, Bavaria, and Hesse, and with WUrtemberg
to negotiate Treaties of Naturalization and Ex-
tradition. Presented credentials as Envoy Ex-
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to
German Empire, July 23, 1871.
ALEXANDER BLISS. (See German Empire.)
RUSSIA.
RUFUS KING, of New York (Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain) :
Commissioned Special Minister Plenipotentiary,
February 7, 1799, to negotiate a Treaty of
Amity and Commerce. Did not go to the post.
JOHN QUliSTCY ADAMS, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, June 27,
1809. Took leave, April 7, 1814.
WILLIAM STEUBEN SMITH, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 2,
1812.
LEVETT HARRIS, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 7, 1814.
Took leave, January 12, 1817.
ALBERT GALLATIN, of Pennsylvania; JAMES A.
BAYARD, of Delaware; and JOHN QUINCY
ADAMS, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Envoys Extraordinary and Minis-
ters Plenipotentiary, April 22, 1813. Jointly
and severally empowered to negotiate a Treaty
of Commerce with Russia. The Senate, on the
19th of July, 1813, assented to the appointment
of Messrs. Adams and Bayard, and rejected
Mr. Gallatin. Mr. Gallatin addressed a
note to the Chancellor on November 2, 1813,
stating that he was no longer a member of the
Mission. Messrs. Gallatin and Bayard left
St. Petersburg, January 25, 1814. James A.
Bayard, of Delaware, was commissioned En-
voy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten-
tiary, February 28, 1815, but did not proceed to
his post.
WILLIAM PINKNEY, of Maryland:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 7, 1816. Left post,
February 14, 1818.
WILLIAM R. KING, of Alabama :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 23,
1816. Superseded.
CHARLES PINKNEY, of Maryland :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, November
30, 1818. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from February 14 to September 22, 1818, and
from July 5 to November 9, 1820.
GEORGE W. CAMPBELL, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiarv, April 16, 1818. Took leave,
July 5, 1820. 'Was instructed, June 28, 1818,
to stop at Copenhagen and endeavor to procure
a satisfactory adjustment of the claims grow-
ing out of the spoliations committed under the
Danish flag on the commerce of the United
States.
HENRY MIDDLETON, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, April 6, 1820. Left post
about August 3, 1830. His letter of recall was
presented by Mr. Clay, Charge d'Affaires ad
interim, January 12, 1831. Empowered, July
29, 1823, to negotiate with Great Britain and
Russia, jointly, concerning commerce and navi-
gation, fisheries, abolition of the African slave-
trade, and concerning the principles of mari-
time war and neutralitv.
BEAUFORT T. WATTS, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 26,
1828. John Adams Smith, of Massachusetts,
commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 16,
1829. but declined.
JOHN RANDOLPH, of Virginia :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, May 26, 1830. Left post
September 19, 1830. Presented his letter of
recall to Prince Lieven, in London, July 17,
1831.
JOHN RANDOLPH CLAY, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 4,
1830. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim,
from September 19, 1830, to June 4, 1832, from
August 5, 1833. to October 13, 1834, and from
December 24, 1835, till commissioned as below.
JAMES BUCHANAN, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, January 4, 1832. Took
leave August 5, 1833. Mahlon Dickerson,
of New Jersey, was commissioned Envoy Ex-
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, May
28, 1834, but declined.
WILLIAM WILKINS, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, June 30, 1834. Left post
on leave, December 24, 1835. His letter of re-
call was presented by Mr. Clay, Charge d'Af-
faires nd interim, May 18, 1836.
JOHN RANDOLPH CLAY, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, June 29, 1836.
Left, August 4, 1837.
GEORGE M. DALLAS, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, March 7, 1837. Left post,
July 29, 1839.
WILLIAM W. CHEW, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 7,
1837. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim,
from July 29, 1839, to August 24, 1840. Su-
perseded.
CHURCHILL C. CAMBRELENG, of New York :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, May 20, 1840. Took leave,
July 13, 1841.
TABULAR RECORDS.
6or
CHARLES S. TODD, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, August 27, 1841. Took
leave, January 27, 1846.
JOHN LOTHROP MOTLEY, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, Septem-
ber 10, 1841. Resigned about February 8,
1842.
JOHN S. MAXWELL :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 8,
1842. Resigned, November 3, 1844.
JOHN RANDOLPH CLAY, of Pennsylvania ;
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 15,
1845. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim,
from January 28, 1846, to May 23, 1847. Ap-
pointed Charge d' Affaires in Peru.
RALPH J. INGERSOLL, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, August 8, 1846. Left post,
July 1, 1848. Letter of recall presented by C.
M. Ingersoll, Charge d' Affaires ad interim,
September 22, 1848.
COLIN M. INGERSOLL, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 15,
18'18. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim,
from September 20 to November 16, 1848. Re-
called, March 20, 1849.
ARTHUR P. BAGBY, of Alabama :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, June 15, 1848. Took leave,
May 14, 1849.
NEIL S. BROWN, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, May 2, 1850. Took leave,
June 23, 1853.
EDWARD H. WRIGHT, of New Jersey :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 2, 1850.
Superseded.
THOMAS H. SEYMOUR, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, May 24, 1853. Took leave,
July 17, 1858.
R. AUGUSTUS ERVING, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 22,
1853. Resigned, to take effect, November 1,1855.
JOSIAH PIERCE, Jr., of Maine :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, October 5,
1855. Resigned, March 2, 1858.
FRANCIS W. PICKENS, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, January 11, 1858. Took
leave, September 9, 1860.
JOHN E. BACON, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 13,
1858. Resigned, January 14, 1860.
JULIAN A. MITCHELL, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 6,
I860: Resigned, January 14, 1861.
JOHN APPLETON, of Maine :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, June 8, 1860. Took leave,
June 7, 1861.
CASSIUS M. CLAY, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, March 28, 1861. Took
leave, June 25, 1862.
GREEN CLAY, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 18,
1861. Superseded.
SIMON CAMERON, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, January 17, 1862. Left
post, September 18, 1862.
BAYARD TAYLOR, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 10,
1862. Acted as Charge de Affaires ad interim,
from September 18, 1862, to May 7, 1863. Re-
signed, April 15, 1863.
CASSIUS M. CLAY, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, March 11, 1863. Took
leave, September 25, 1869.
HENRY BERGH, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 12,
1863. Sunerseded.
JEREMIAH CURTIN, of Wisconsin :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, November
14, 1864. Superseded.
TITIAN J. COFFEY, of Pennsylvania ;
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 21,
1869. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim,
from October 1 to October 28, 1869. Resigned,
to take effect April 1, 1870.
ANDREW G. CURTIN, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, April 16, 1869. Took leave,
July 4, 1872.
EUGENE SCHUYLER, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, March 24,
1870. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim,
from July 1 to September 1, 1870, and from
January 15, 1872, to March 18, 1873. Still in
office.
JAMES L. ORR, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, December 12, 1872. Died
at post, May 6, 1873.
MARSHALL JEWELL, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, May 29, 1873. Resigned.
GEORGE H. BOKER, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, January 13, 1875.
GRATIOT WASHBURNE :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, December,
1875.
SALVADOR.
E, GEORGE SQUIER, of New York, (Charge d'Af-
faires to Guatemala ) :
Empowered May 1, 1849, to negotiate a Treaty of
Commerce and Navigation. John Slidell, of
Loaisiana, was Commissioned Envoy Extraor-
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, March 29,
1853, but declined. John Elias Wakren was
commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 6,
1853, but declined.
SOLON BORLAND, of Arkansas :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, April 18, 1853. Also accredit-
ed to Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and
Nicaragua, but did not present his credentials
to the government of Salvador. He left Nica-
ragua, April 17, 1854. Resigned, to take effect
June 30, 1854.
FREDERICK A. BEELEN, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 28,
1853. Appointed Secretary of Legation in
Chili, August 2, 1854.
JAMES R. PARTRIDGE, of Maryland ;
Commissioned Minister-Resident April 16, 1863.
Left on leave, the latter part of March,
1866.
A. S. WILLIAMS, of Michigan :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 16, 1866.
Took leave, October 27, 1869.
ALFRED T. A. TORBERT, of Delaware :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, x\pril 21, 1869.
Returned on leave. May 10, 1871. Appointed
Consul-General at Havana, July 10, 1871.
THOMAS BIDDLE, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, July 10, 1871.
Took leave, June 30, 1873. Mission consolidat-
ed with Missions to other Central American
States, July 1, 1873.
608
TABULAR RECORDS
GEORGE WILLIAMSON, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 17, 1873,
to take effect July 1, 1873. Also accredited to
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicara-
gua. Still in office,
SARDINIA.
H. GOLD ROGERS, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, June 30, 1840.
Left, November 23, 1841.
AMBROSE BABER, of Georgia :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, August 16, 1841.
Left, December 15, 1848.
ROBERT WICKLIFFE, Jr., of Kentucky ;
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, September 32,
1843. Wrote to Minister of Foreign Affairs
from Aix-la-Chapelle, inclosing letter of recall,
a bout May 6, 1848.
NATHANIEL NILES, of Vermont :
Special Agent. Appointed, May 3, 1838, concern-
ing general trade and the admission of tobac-
co. Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, June 4,
1848. Left, August 20, 1850.
WILLIAM B. KINNEY, of New Jersey :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, April 22, 1850.
Left, October 8, 1853. Richard K. Meade,
of Virginia, was commissioned Charge d' Af-
faires, Mav 24, 1853, but declined, June 5.
JOHN M. DANIEL, of Virginia :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, July 23, 1853.
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 29, 1854.
Presented credentials as such about September
4, 1854. Presented letter of recall, through
private secretary, March 2, 1861.
ROMAINE DILLON, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, January 24,
1861. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from April 16 to June 23, 1861. Removed,
March 30, 1862.
SAXONY.
HENRY WHEATON, of New York (Envoy Extra-
ordinary, and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prus-
sia) :
Empowered, November 18, 1843, to negotiate a
treaty for the abolition of droit d'aiibaine and
taxes on emigration.
SIAM.
EDMUND ROBERTS, of New Hampshire : .
Commissioned Special Agent, January 26, 1832.
TOWNSEND HARRIS, of New York (Consul-Gen-
eral to Japan) :
Empowered, September 8, 1855, to negotiate a
Treaty of Commerce.
SPAIN.
WILLIAM CARMICHAEL, of Maryland :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, April 20, 1790.
Left, September 5, 1794. Died at Madrid, Feb-
ruary 9, 1795.
WILLIAM SHORT, of Virginia, and WILLIAM
CARMICHAEL, of Maryland :
Commissioned Commissioners Plenipotentiary,
March 18, 1792, to treat jointly concerning the
navigation of the Mississippi, boundary, com-
merce, etc. Their powers were conferred on
Mr. Short after he was made Minister-Resi-
dent.
WILLIAM SHORT, of Virginia :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 28, 1794.
Functions ceased about July 2, 1795. Left
Madrid for Paris, October 30, 1795.
THOMAS PINCKNEY, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary, November
24, 1794. Left Madrid for Paris about Novem-
ber 1, 1795.
DAVID HUMPHREYS, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, May 20,
1796. Left, about December 28, 1801.
CHARLES PINCKNEY, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, June 6,
1801. Took leave, October 25, 1805.
JOHN GRAHAM, of Virginia:
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, August 31,
1801. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from November 7, 1802, to February—, 1803.
Left about March 23, 1804.
JAMES MONROE, of Virginia, and CHARLES
PINCKNEY, of South Carolina :
Mr. Monroe, who was then Envoy Extraordina-
ry and Minister Plenipotentiary at London, and
Mr. Pinckney, commissioned Minister Pleni-
potentiary at Madrid, January 12, 1803, were
confided with a joint mission to treat concern-
ing the security of the rights and interests of
the United States in the Mississippi River and
the territories east thereof. Not succeeding,
Monroe left Madrid for London, May 26, and
Pinckney took leave, October 25, 1805.
JAMES MONROE, of Virginia (Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Great
Britain) :
Commissioned Minister Extraordinary and Pleni-
potentiary, October 14, 1804, with authority to
conclude a treaty concerning boundaries of
Louisiana, the cession to the United States of
any other adjoining territories eastward there-
of, and concerning claims. Left Madrid for
London, May 26, 1805. James Bowdoin,
of Massachusetts, commissioned Minister Plen-
ipotentiary, November 22, 1804. {See he-
low.)
GEORGE W. ERVING, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, November
22, 1804. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad inter-
im from January 12, 1805. (Direct and official
relations with Spain were broken off in 1808
and not renewed until 1814. Mr. Erving,
however, remained until February, 1810.)
JOHN ARMSTRONG, of New York (Minister Pleni-
potentiary to France), and JAMES BOWDOIN, of
Massachusetts :
Commissioned Commissioners Plenipotentiary
and Extraordinary, March 17, 1806, to treat
jointly and severally concerning territories,
wrongful captures, condemnations, and other
injuries. Did not go to Madrid, but conducted
negotiations at Paris. Negotiations unsuccess-
ful.
GEORGE W. ERVING, of Massachusetts:
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, August
10, 1814. Took leave, April 29, 1819.
THOMAS L. L. BRENT, of Virginia :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, October 15,
1814. Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim
from April 15 to May 8, 1820, and from No-
vember 16, 1820, to August 17, 182L Left,
August 19, 1822.
JOHN FORSYTH, of Georgia :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, February
16, 1819. Took leave, March 2, 1823.
JOHN J. APPLETON. of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 8, 1822.
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from
March 2 to December 4, 1823. Left, November
23, 1824.
HUGH NELSON, of Virginia :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January
15, 1823. Took leave, July 10. Left Madrid,
Julv 14, 1825.
ALEXANDER H. EVERETT, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
TABULAR RECORDS
609
Plenipotentiary, March 9, 1825. Took leave,
July 27, 1829.
JOHN ADAMS SMITH, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 8,
1825 ; appointed Secretary of Legation at Paris.
CHARLES S. WALSH, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 17,
1828. Acted as Chartfe d' Affaires ad interim
from July 27 to December 9, 1829. Died in
Spain, May 13, 1833.
CORNELIUS P. VAN NESS, of Vermont :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, June 1, 1829. Took leave, De-
cember 21, 1836.
ARTHUR MIDDLETON, jR.,of South Carolina :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 10,
1833. No appropriation was made in 1835 for
Secretary of Legation at Madrid. May 14, 1835,
James 0. Harkison was commissioned as Sec-
retary of Legation, but declined. March 16,
1836, Mr. Middleton, was re-commissioned.
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from De-
cember 21, 1836, to about April, 1837, and from
April 30 to November 5, 1840, when his f unc-
IjlOll S CPELSPQ
WILLIAM T. BARRY, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, April 10, 1835. Died before
reaching his post.
JOHN H. EATON, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 16, 1836. Left Madrid,
May 1,1840.
AARON VAIL, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, May 20, 1840.
Functions ceased, August 1, 1842.
WASHINGTON IRVING, of New York :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, February 10, 1842. Took leave,
July 29,1846.
ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Jr., of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, April 4,
1842. Joseph G. Coggswell, of New York,
commissioned as Secretary of Legation, March
4, 1842, but declined. Mr. Hamilton acted as
Charge d' Affaires ad interi7n from about Sep-
tember 6 to November 30, 1843. Resigned,
July 4, 1844.
JASPER H. LIVINGSTON, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 14,
1844. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from about July 27 to about December 7, 1844.
Resigned, March 23, 1846.
ROMULUS M. SAUNDERS, of North Carolina :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, February 25, 1846. Took leave,
September 24, 1849.
THOMAS C. REYNOLDS, of South Carolina :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, May 13,
1846. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from about May 5 to about October 16,1847.
Services terminated, July 22, 1848.
FREDERICK A. SAWYER, of Louisiana:
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 2, 1848.
Left, November 7, 1849.
DANIEL M. BARRINGER, of North Carolina :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, June 18, 1849. Took leave,
September 4, 1853.
HORATIO J. PERRY, of New Hampshire :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, July 5, 1849.
Acted as Charge d'Att'aires ad interim from July
to October, 1852 ; from September 4 to October
22, 1853 ; from February 2 to June 17, 1855 ;
removed by letter dated May 26, 1855 ; recom-
missioned, April 30, 1861. Acted as Charge
d' Affaires ad interim from June 5 to July 13,
1861 ; from December 18, 1861, to November 4,
39
1862; from June 16 to September 20, 1863;
from July 19, 1864, to September 30, 1865 ; and
from October 4 to November 13, 1867. Re-
moved, 1869.
PIERRE SOULE, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, April 7, 1853. Took leave, Feb-
ruary 1, 1855. John C. Breckenridge, of
Kentucky, commissioned Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary, January 16, 1855,
but declined.
AUGUSTUS C. DODGE, of Iowa :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, February 9,1855. Took leave,
March 12,1859.
BUCKINGHAM SMITH, of Florida :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 5, 1855.
Suspended by letter dated September 1, 1858.
Services terminated, October 10, 1858.
WILLIAM PRESTON, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, December 15, 1858. Took leave,
May 24, 1861.
ROBERT WICKLIFFE WOOLEY, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, December
22, 1858. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from August 19 to September 30, 1859 ; from
November 15 to December 3, 1859 ; and from
March 7 to October 23, 1860. Green Clay, of
Kentucky, was commissioned as Secretary of
Legation, March 20, 1861, but declined. Mr.
Preston, on retiring, May 24, 1861, left the
archives of the Legation in the custody of Mr.
J. De Haviland, who was relieved, June 5,
1861, by Mr. Perry.
CARL SCHURZ, of Wisconsin :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 28, 1861. Resigned,
April 15, 1862. Cassius M. Clay, of Kentucky,
was commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary, March 14, 1861, but
did not go, and on the 28th was appointed to
Russia.
GUSTAVUS KOERNER, of Blinois :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, June 14, 1862. Resigned, De-
cember 28, 1864.
JOHN P. HALE, of New Hampshire :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, March 10, 1865. Took leave,
July 29, 1869.
DANIEL E. SICKLES, of New York :
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, May 15, 1869. Resigned, De-
cember 20, 1873, and delivered archives to Sec-
retary of Legation, February 4, 1874.
JOHN HAY, of Illinois :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, June 28,.
1869. Resigned, to take effect October 1,1870^
ALVEY A. ADEE, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September.
9, 1870. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from June 21 to October 20, 1871 ; from No-
vember 28, 1871, to May 28. 1872, aaid from
February 4, 1874. Still in charge.
CALEB GUSHING, of Virginia:
Commissioned Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, January 6, 1874. StiU in office.
STATES OP THE CHURCH.
J. L. MARTIN, of North Carolina :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, April 7,. 1848.
Died at post, August 26, 1848.
LEWIS CASS, Jr., of Michigan ;
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, January 5, .1849.
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 29, ,1854.
Presented credentials as such, November 9,
1854. Took leave, November 27,. 1858.
610
TABULAR RECORDS
JOHN P. STOCKTON, of New Jersey :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 15, 1858.
Took leave, May 23, 1861.
ALEXANDER W. RANDALL, of Wisconsin :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 6, 1861.
Left post about August 4, 1862.
RICHARD M. BLATCHFORD, of New York ;
Commissioned Minister-Resident, August 9, 1862.
Left post and resigned in the United States,
October 6, 1863.
RUFUS KING, of Wisconsin :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, October?, 1863.
Was previously commissioned, March 22, 1861,
but declined. Left post, August, 1867. Re-
signed in the United States, January 1, 1868.
SWEDEN AND NORWAY.
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, of Massachusetts (Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to
Prussia).
Commissioned Commissioner, March 14, 1798,
with authority to negotiate a treaty of com-
JONATHAN RUSSELL, of Rhode Island :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, January
18, 1814. Took leave, October 16, 1818.
JOHN L. LAWRENCE, of New York :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, February 3,
1814. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from June 6, 1814, to May 19, 1815. Left in
January, 1816, having previouslv resigned.
CHRISTOPHER HUGHES, Jr., of Maryland :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation, September
26, 1816. Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim
from the middle of April to December 10, 1817.
Was left in charge by Mr. Russell on retiring,
October 16, 1818, and remained until he re-
ceived a commission as Charge d' Affaires, Jan-
uary 20, 1819. Retired, July 15, 1825, having
been appointed Charge d' Affaires to the Nether-
lands. William C. Somerville, of Mary-
land, commissioned Charge d' Affaires, March
9, 1825. Received another appointment before
proceeding to Sweden. Died at Auxerre,
France, January 5, 1826.
JOHN J. APPLETON, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, May 2, 1826.
Left, August 20, 1830. Also acted as Charge
d' Affaires ad interim from September 20, 1833,
to January 9, 1834.
CHRISTOPHER HUGHES, of Maryland :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, March 3, 1830.
Left, on leave, September 9, 1841.
GEORGE W. LAY, of New York :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, May 12, 1842.
Successor presented, October 29, 18*45.
HENRY W. ELLSWORTH, of Indiana :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, April 19, 1845.
Left, July 25, 1849.
C. D. ARFWEDSON, of Sweden :
Consul at Stockholm. Acted as Charge d' Affaires
ad interim, July 25, 1849, to April 25, 1850.
FRANCIS SCHROEDER, of Rhode Island :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, November 7,
1849 ; commissioned Minister-Resident, June
29, 1854. Presented credentials as such, August
19, 1854. Left, September 17, 1857.
BENJAMIN F. ANGEL, of New York :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, July 17, 1857.
Took leave, June 25, 1861.
JACOB S. HALDExMAN, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 16, 1861.
Took leave, September 25, 1864.
JAMES H. CAMPBELL, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 18, 1864.
Took leave, March 29, 1867.
JOHN McGINNIS, Jr., of Illinois :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, November 16,
1866. On his arrival at Paris he learned that
his nomination was rejected by the Senate, and
he returned.
JOSEPH J. BARTLETT, of New York :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 19, 1867.
Took leave, July 24, 1869.
C. C. ANDREWS, of Minnesota .
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 3, 1869.
SWITZERLAND.
A. DUDLEY MANN, of Ohio :
Special Agent. Empowered, June 15, 1850, to
negotiate concerning friendship, commerce, ex-
tradition, etc.
THEODORE S. FAY, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 16, 1853.
Took leave, July 1, 1861.
GEORGE G. FOGG, of New Hampshire :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 28, 1861.
Took leave, October 16, 1865.
GEORGE HARRINGTON, of Georgia :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, July 7, 1865.
Took leave, July 20, 1869.
HORACE RUBLEE, of Wisconsin :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 20, 1869.
Still in office.
CHARLES H. UPTON, of Massachusetts :
Consul at Geneva. Acted' as Charge d' Affaires
ad interim from April 15 to May 10, 1871, and
from April 3 to June 27, 1873.
TEXAS.
ALCI:E la BRANCHE, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Charge d'Afl'aires, March 7, 1837.
Resigned and left, April 2, 1840.
GEORGE H. FLOOD, of Ohio :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 16, 1840.
Recalled, April 10, 1841, and left, July 21, 1841.
JOSEPH EVE, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, April 15, 1841.
Left, June 10, 1843.
WILLIAM S. MURPHY, of Ohio :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, April 10, 1843.
Died at Galveston, July 13, 1844.
TILGHMAN A. HOWARD, of Indiana :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, June 11, 1844.
Died at Washington, Texas, August 16, 1844.
ANDREW J. DONELSON, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, September 16,
1844. Left, August 9, 1845.
TRIPOLI
DAVID HUMPHREYS, of Connecticut :
Commissioned Commissioner Plenipotentiary,
March 30, 1795, to negotiate concerning amity
and commerce, with power to appoint agents.
He designated Joel Barlow and Joseph Don-
aldson, Jr., as agents, to conclude the treaty.
Negotiations were completed by Mr. Barlow.
TOBIAS LEAR, of New Hampshire (Consul-General
for Algiers) :
Empowered, November 18, 1803, to negotiate
concerning peace, friendship, and navigation.
TUNIS.
DAVID HUMPHREYS, of Connecticut:
Commissioned Commissioner Plenipotentiary,
March 30, 1795, to negotiate concerning amity
and commerce, with power to appoint agents.
He appointed Joel Barlow his ngent in the
business, and a treaty was concluded through
the intervention of Joseph Etienne Famin.
RICHARD O'BRIEN, of (Consul-General for
Algiers); WILLIAM EATON (Consul for Tunis);
and JAMES L. CATHCART (Consul for Tripoli):
Empowered, December 18, 1798, to modify the
TABULAR RECORDS
611
treaty of August, 1797, especially the four-
teentli article,
S. D. HEAP, of Pennsylvania (Acting Consul):
Concluded, February 24, 1824, a treaty modifying
that of August, 1797.
TURKEY.
JAMES BTDDLE, Commodore; DAVID OFFLEY
(Consul at Smyrna); and CHARLES RHIND, of
Pennsylvania:
Were empowered, September 12, 1829, to nego-
tiate a treaty of commerce. William Smiih,
of South Carolina, Minister Plenipotentiary to
Portugal, commissioned Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary, February 11,
1799, but did not go.
NICHOLAS NAVONI, of Constantinople :
Commissioned Dragoman, or Interpreter, March
3, 1831.
DAVID PORTER, of Maryland :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, April 15, 1831.
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 3, 1839.
Presented credentials as such, May 23, 1840.
Died at his post, March 3, 1843.
WILLIAM B. HODGSON, of Virginia :
Commissioned Dragoman, March 23, 1832.
JOHN P. BROWN, of Ohio:
Commissioned Dragoman, April 19, 1836, and
August 29, 1842. Samuel D. Heap, commis-
sioned Dragoman, September 21, 1811. Mr.
Brown acted as Charge d'Affaires, ad interim,
from March 3, 1843, to January 15, 1844; from
August 6, 1845, to June 25, 1846 ; from May
19, to about October 1, 1849 ; from November
21, 1849, to March 11, 1850 ; from July 13. to
about September 18, 1851 ; from July 30, 1852,
to July 5, 1853; from December 19, 1853, to
February 9, 1854 ; and from December 12,
1857, to May 27, 1858. Was appointed Secre-
tary and Dragoman as below.
DABNEY S. CARR, of Maryland :
Commissioned Minister - Resident, October 6,
1843. Left post, October 20, 1849.
GEORGE P. MARSH, of Vermont :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 29, 1849.
Took leave, December 19, 1853.
HENRY A. HOMES, of Massachusetts :
Commissioned Secretary of Legation and Assist-
ant Dragoman, March 6, 1851. Acted as
Charge d'Affaires, ad interim, from about
February 18, to July 12, 1851.
CARROLL SPENCE, of Maryland:
Commissioned Minister - Resident, August 23,
1853. Empowered, May 24, 1855, to negotiate
with Persia. Took leave, December 12, 1857.
JAMES WILLIAMS, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 14,
1858. Took leave, May 25, 1861. James Wat-
son Webb, of New York, commissioned Min-
ister-Resident, March 20, 1861, but declined.
JOHN P. BROWN, of Ohio:
Commissioned Secretary of Legation and Drago-
man, September 23, 1858. Acted as Charge
d'Affaires, ad interim, from May 25, to August
9, 1861; from May 18. to August 20, 1864;
and from June 10, 1871, to March 8, 1872,
when he died at his post.
EDWARD JOr MORRIS, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 8. 1861.
Took leave, October 25, 1870.
WAYNE MacVEAGH, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 4, 1870,
Left on leave, June 10,- 1871. Resigned in the
United States, September 2, 1871.
GEORGE H. BOKER, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, November 3,
1871. Transferred to Russia.
J. H. GOODENOW, of Maine •
Commissioned Secretary of Legation and Consul-
General, November 13, 1864. By act approved
February 22, 1873, it was enacted that the
Consul- General shall also be Secretary of
Legation. Still in office.
A. A. GARGUILO, of Constantinople :
Commissioned Interpreter to Legation, July 1,
1S73. Still in office.
HORACE MAYNARD, of Tennessee:
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 9, 1875.
TWO SICILIES.
W^ILLIAM PINKNEY, of Maryland :
Commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary, April
23, 1816, to obtain indemnity for losses sus-
tained by American citizens by the seizure
and confiscation of their property by the Nea-
politan government.
JOHN NELSON, of Maryland :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, October 24,
1831. Left post, about October 15, 1832.
AUGUST DAVEZAC. of Louisiana (Cliarge d'Affaires
at the Hague) :
Empowered, January 30, 1833, to negotiate treaty
of general commerce. Took leave, and re-
turned to the Hague, about February 19, 1834.
ENOS T. THROOP. of New York :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, February 6,
1838. Left, January 12, 1842.
WILLIAM BOULWARE, of Virginia :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, September 13,
1841. Left, June 19, 1845.
WILLIAM H. POLK, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, March 13, 1845.
Left about May 1, 1847. Resigned in United
States, August 31, 1847.
ALEXANDER HAMMETT, of Maryland :
Consul at Naples. Acted as Charge d'Affairs, ad
interim, from about May 1, 1847, to June 29,
1848.
JOHN ROWAN, of Kentucky :
Commissioned Cliarge d'Affaires, January 3,
1848. Left about January 1, 1850.
THOMAS W. CHINN, of Louisiana :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, June 5, 1849 ;
resigned about October, 1849. James M.
Power, of Pennsylvania, was commissioned,
November 1, 1849, but declined.
EDWARD JOr MORRIS, of Pennsylvania:
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, January 10,
1850. Left, August 26, 1853.
ROBERT DALE OWEN, of Indiana :
Commissioned Charge d'Affaires, May 24, 1853.
Commissioned Minister - Resident, June 29,
1854. Presented credentials as such, Septem-
ber 20, 1854. Took leave, September 20, 1858.
JOSEPH R. CHANDLER, of Pennsylvania:
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 15, 1858.
Left about November 15, 1860.
URUGUAY.
JOHN S. PENDLETON, of Virginia (Charge d'Af-
faires to the Argentine Republic), and Robert C.
SciiENCK, of Ohio (Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary to Brazil):
Empowered, April 27, 1852, to negotiate a treaty
of commerce.
ALEXANDER ASBOTH, of Missouri :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 5, 1867.
Also accredited to Argentine Republic. Died at
Buenos Ayres, January 21, 1868.
H. G. WORTH INGTON, of Nevada :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, July 25, 1868.
Also accredited to Argentine Republic. Took
leave, July 8, 1869.
ROBERT C. KIRK, of Ohio :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 5, 1869.
Also accredited to Argentine Republic. Took
612
TABULAR RECORDS
leave of Government of Uruguay, July 6,
1870.
JOHN L. STEVENS, of Maine :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, March 25, 1870.
Also accredited to Paraguay. Left on leave,
May 19, 1872. Resigned, November 15, 1873.
JOHN C. CALDWELL, of Maine :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, January 8,
1874. Also accredited to Paraguay. Still in
office.
VENEZEULA.
JOHN G. A. WILLIAMSON, of Pennsylvania :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, March 3, 1835.
Died at his post, August 7, 1840.
ALLEN A. HALL, of Tennessee :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, March 15, 1841.
Services terminated about November 29, 1844.
VESPASIAN ELLIS, of Missouri :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, September 30,
1844. Left, August 1, 1845.
BENJAMIN G. SHIELDS, of Alabama :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, March 14, 1814.
Left, January 7, 1850.
ISAAC NEVITT STEELE, of Maryland :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, about Decem-
ber 6, 1849. Left, October 14, 1853.
CHARLES EAMES, of the District of Columbia :
Commissioned Charge d' Affaires, February 9,
1854. Commissioned Minister-Resident, June
29, 1854. Presented credentials as such, Sep-
tember 2, 1854. Left, September 14, 1858.
EDWIN A. TURPIN, of New York :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 15, 1858.
Took leave, November 16, 1861.
HENRY T. BLOW, of Missouri :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, June 8, 1861.
Left on leave about February 22, 1862, and re-
quested William Sturup, Consul- General of
Denmark, to receive for the United States all
sums of money due from Venezuela on ac-
count of claims of citizens of the United
States
E. D. CULVER, of New York :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, July 12, 1862.
■ Left about May 7, and resigned, to take effect
June 30, 1866.
JAMES WILSON, of Indiana :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 31, 1866.
Died at his post, August 8, 1867.
THOMAS N. STILWELL, of Indiana :
Commissioned Minister - Resident, August 30,
1867. Left for the United States, June 6, 1868.
ERASTUS C. PRUYN, of New York :
Commercial agent at Caracas. Acted as Charge
d' Affaires ad interim from June 6, 1868, to July
8, 1869.
JAMES R. PARTRIDGE, of Maryland :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, April 21, 1869.
Left on leave. May 9, 1870, placing archives of
Legation in charge of William Stukxjp, Con-
sul-General, Denmark. Mr. Partridge was
appointed Minister to Brazil.
WILLIAM A. PILE, of Missouri :
Commissioned Minister-Resident, May 23, 1871.
Resigned in 1874.
WURTEMBERG.
HENRY WHEATON, of New York (Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia) :
Empowered, November 18, 1843, to negotiate
concerning the abolition of droit d'aubaine and
taxes on emigration.
GEORGE BANCROFT, of New York (Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia) :
Empowered to negotiate treaties of naturaliza-
tion and extradition.
CONSULAR SERVICE.
The Consuls who held office in 1875 numbered
about nine hundred, and the list of all who had pre-
viously been appointed would make a large volume.
The Statutes of the United States classify the Consu-
lates-General, Consulates, and Commercial Agencies
into three classes : 1. Those who receive a fixed
salary, and are not allowed to transact business.
2. Those who receive a fixed salary and are allowed
to transact business. 3. All other Consulates, the
incumbents of which are compensated by the fees
collected in their offices, and are allowed to transact
business. The compensation of salaried Consuls is
limited to the amount of the salary (out of which the
officer must defray the expenses of clerk-hire), except
that Consuls whose salaries do not exceed $1,500,
and from whose Consulates without the agencies fees
are paid into the Treasury to the amount of $3,000 a
year, are compensated at $2,000 a year. The com-
pensation of the feed Consuls is limited to $2,500, if
the fees exceed that sum ; such Consuls can pay
clerk-hire from the fees received at the consulate
when thereto specially authorized, but not other-
wise. It is the usual practice for the agent to retain
one-half the fees of the agency until the sum retain-
ed by him amounts to $1,000. This rule is not uni-
versal as regards the proportion, but the maximum
of $1,000 cannot be exceeded. The Consul is entitled
to retain not more than $1,000 a year in the aggre-
gate from the agencies under his consulate.
DIPLOMATIC AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC AND ARGENTINE
CONFEDERATION.
CARLOS MARIA DE ALVEAR, MinisteiPlenipoten-
tiary from the Republic of Buenos Ay res :
Was received at the Department of State, October
9, 1824, but retired on the 21st of the same
month. On October 11, 1838, he presented
credentials as Minister Plenipotentiary and
Extraordinary of the Argentine Confeder-
acy.
DOMINGO F. SARMIENTO, Envoy Extraordinary
and J^tinister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, November 9, 1865. An-
nounced departure on leave, July 8, 1865.
BARTOLOMfi MITRE Y VEDIA, Secretary of Lega-
tion :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from July
6 to November 30, 1867, and from July 8 to
March 16, 1869.
MANUEL RAFAEL GARCIA, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, March 16, 1869. Still ac-
credited.
CARLOS CARRANZA, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from No-
vember 11, 1872, to October 28, 1873.
AUSTRIA AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
BARON DE MARESCHAL, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, October 13, 1838. Took
leave, October 21, 1841.
CHEVALIER HULSEMANN, Charge d' Affaires ad
interim :
From October 31, 1841, to December 5, 1855,
TABULAR RECORDS.
013
wTien lie presented credentials as Minister-
Resident. Embarked for Europe on leave
June 4, 1863, leaving- the affairs of the Lega-
tion in charge of Charles L. Loosey, Austrian
Consul -General.
COUNT NICHOLAS GIORGI, Minister-Resident :
Presented credentials, August 20, 1863. Died in
New York, November 8, 1864.
COUNT WYDENBRUCK, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary ;
Presented credentials, March 15, 1865. Left on
leave, September, 1867.
BARON DE FRANCKENSTEIN, Secretary of Lega-
tion :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from Sep-
tember, 1867, until the arrival of the new
Minister.
BARON CHARLES DE LEDERER, Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, September 4, 1868. Still
accredited.
LADISLAS HENGLMULLER DE HENGERVIr,
Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge A.' AMsAves ad interim from April
28 to September 4, 1872.
CHEVALIER E. VON TAVERA, Secretary of Lega-
tion :
Acting as Charge d' Affaires ad interim, May 29,
1875.
COUNT LADISLAUS HOYOS, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented Credentials, October 26, 1875.
BELGIUM.
BARON DESIRE BEHR, Minister-Resident :
Presented credentials, June 6, 1832. Announced
intention of returning to Europe on leave, June
6, 1837. The Legation remained in charge of
H. G. T. Mali, Belgian Consul at New York,
until the arrival of Mr. Serruys.
CHARLES SERRUYS, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, September 22, 1838. Re-
called, September 22, 1845.
BARON BEAULIEU, Minister-Resident :
Presented credentials, March 9, 1846. Left on
leave, August 5, 1848. A. Moxhet, Belgian Con-
sul at New York, remained in charge of the
Legation until the arrival of succest=or.
HENRY BOSCH SPENCER, Charge d' Affaires :
Arrived in Washington in March, 1850. An-
nounced intention of visiting Europe, July 2,
1853. A, T. Kieckhoeper, Chancellor of the
Legation, remained in charge until April 15,
1854.
HENRI SOLVYNS, Charge d'Affaires :
Was received by the Secretary of State, April 15,
1854. Transmitted letter of recall, August 9,
1855.
HENRI BOSCH SPENCER, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, December 5, 1855. Em-
barked for Europe, September 11, 1858, leav-
ing H. W. T, Mali, Belgian Consul-General, at
New York, in charge of the Legation.
BLONDEEL VAN CUELEBROECK, Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, August 10, 1859. Left
about January 1, 1865.
MAURICE DELFOSSE, Minister-Resident :
Presented credentials, August 25, 1865. Pre-
sented credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary, May 21, 1873. Still
accredited.
BRAZIL.
JOS:^ SELVESTRE REBEI^LO, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, May 26, 1824. Took leave,
by letter,. September 1, 1829.
J0S1& DE ARANJO RIBEIRO, Charge d' Affaires :
First note to the Secretary of State, September
2, 1829. Left the United States the last of
February, 1833.
MANGEL GUITHERME dos REIS, Consul-General :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from Feb-
ruary to December 31 , 1833.
JOSfi FRANCISCO De PAULA CAVALCANTI de
ALBUQUERQUE, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, December 31, 1833. Took
leave July 23, 1838.
ERNESTO FERREIRA FRAN9A, Minister-Resident:
Presented credentials, July 23, 1838. Took leave,
October 28, 1839.
PEDRO ^ RODRIGUES FERNANDES CHAVES,
Charge d' Affaires:
Presented credentials, March 17, 1840. Mission
ended, May 29, 1841.
GASPAR JOSE DE LISBOA, Minister-Resident :
Presented credentials, May 29, 1841. Presented
credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary, September 12, 1845. Took
leave, Jnlv 22, 1847.
FELIPE JOSE PEREIRA LEAL, Secretary of Le-
gation:
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from July
22, 1847, to March 9, 1849.
SERGIO TEXEIRA de MACEDO, Envoy Extraor-
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, March 12, 1849. Left on
leave in June, 1851. Took final leave, by let-
ter, from Brazil, September 5, 1851.
ANTONIO JOSE DUARTE de ARANJO GONDIM,
Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from June,
to November, 1 851 .
LUIS PEREIRA SODRfi, Charge d' Affaires :
From November, 1851, to September 21, 1852.
FRAJN CISCO IGNACIO de CARVALHO MOREIRA
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary:
Presented credentials, Sep.tember 21, 1852. Took
leave, August 1, 1855.
FRANCISCO XAVIER da COSTA AGUIAR de
ANDRADA, Attache:
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad, interim from August
1, 1855, to May 29, 1856.
JOSlfc FRANCISCO de PAULA CAVALCANTI de
ALBUQUERQUE, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, May 29, 1856. Gave notice
of intended temporarv absence, August 26, 1858.
ANTONIO PEDRO de CARVALHO BORGES, Sec-
retary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from Au-
gust 26, 1858, to October 3, 1859.
MIGUEL MARIA LISBOA, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, October 3, 1859. Gave
notice of his intended departure, on leave,
April 28, 1864. His letter of recall delivered
by successor, September 23, 1865.
LUIS AUGUSTO de PADUA FLEURY, Attache :
Afterward Secretary of Legation, Acted as
Charge d' Affaires ad interim from April 28 to
May 27, 1864 ; from August 13 to December 31,
1867 ; and from October 13, 1870 to October 9,
1871.
IGNACIO DE AVELLAR BARBOZA da SILVA,
Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from May
1864, to September 23, 1865.
JOAQUIM MARIA NASCENTES de AZAMBUJA,
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, September 23, 1865. Tooi
leave. May 17, 1867.
HENRIQUE CAVALCANTI de ALBUQUERQUE,
Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from Jan-
uary 23, to July 5, 1867.
614:
TABULAR RECORDS
DOMINGOS JOSE GONSALVES de MAGAL-
HAENS, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni-
potentiary :
Presented credentials, July 5, 1867. Announced
intention of returning, on leave, October 13,
1870.
ANTONIO PEDRO De CARVALHO BORGES, En-
voy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary:
Presented credentials, October 9, 1871. Still ac-
credited.
BRUNSWICK AND LUNEBURG.
JULIUS SAMSON, Consul at Mobile:
Empowered, 1854, as Plenipotentiary to nego-
tiate a treaty concerning the disposal of property.
CENTRAL AMERICA.
MANUEL I. ARCE and JUAN M. RODRIGUEZ,
Commissioners:
Presented credentials. September 10, 1823.
ANTONIO JOSE CANAZ, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, August 4, 1824. Took
leave, by letter, June 24, lb*26.
PEDRO GONZALEZ, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, November 14, 1826. Took
leave, bv letter, from New York, March 16,
1828.
CHILI.
JOAQUIM CAMPING, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary:
Presented credentials, March 6, 1828. Took
leave, June 3, 1829.
MANUEL CARVELLO, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, February 18, 1834. Took
leave, July 7, 1835. Mi{. Carvello was ac-
credited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, and presented credentials as
such, August 17, 1846. Withdrew, on leave,
January 9, 1854.
JUAN BELLO, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, December 30, 1859. Died
in New York, September 17, 1860.
F. S. ASTA BURUAGA, Charge d'Affaires:
Presented credentials. May 22, 1861. Took leave,
January 28, 1867.
ALBERTO BLEST GANA, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, January 28, 1867. Took
leave, Januarv 11, 1868.
MARIANO SANCHEZ FONTECILLA, Charge d'Af-
faires :
Presented credentials, March 12, 1868. Letter of
recall received at the Department of State,
January 13, 1870.
JOAQUIN GODOY, Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary:
Presented credentials, September 9, 1870. With-
drew on leave, April 9, 1871. Letter of recall
transmitted May 18, 1872.
FRANCISCO GONZALEZ ERRAZURIZ, Secretary of
Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from April
9, 1870.
DON ADOLFO IBANEZ, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary ; presented credentials
October 26, 1875.
CHINA.
ANSON BURLING AME, of United Ststes, Envoy Ex
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, and
CHIH-KANG and SUN CHIA-KU, of the second
Chinese rank, associated High Envoys and Minis
ters ;
Presented credentials, June 6, 1868.
COLOMBIA.*
MANUEL TORRES, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, June 18, 1822, and served
until June 10, 1823.
JOSE MARIA SALAZAR, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, June 10, 1823. Functions
ceased June 17, 1828. Left, about July 18,
1829.
ALEJANDRO VELEZ, Charge d'Affaires :
Placed in charge of Legation, June 17, 1828. De-
partment informed, by note of August 11,
1828, of the withdrawal of Legation. Trans-
mitted his letter of recall to department, August
17.
DOMINGO ACOSTA, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, January 2, 1832. By note
of May 16, 1832, he informed the department
that the convention at Bogota had established
a Constitution for New Granada. He continued
to act as Charge without presenting new cre-
dentials. Announced his intention to return
September 6, 1838, which is the last communi-
cation received from him.
JOAQUIN ACOSTA, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, July 20, 1842. Announced
the termination of his mission, November 8,
1842.
PEDRO A. HERRAN, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, December 7, 1847. An-
nounced termination of his mission, August 16,
1849.
RAFAEL RIVAS, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, August 29, 1849. Took
leave, June 7, 1850.
VICTORIANO DE DIEGO PAREDES, Charge d'Af-
faires :
Presented credentials, April 27, 1852. Services
terminated, about June 20, 1855.
PEDRO A. HERRAN, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, June 20, 1855. Announced
intention to return on leave, March 3, 1863.
RAFAEL POMBO, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires, ad interi^n from Janu-
ary 19, 1860, to June 4, 1861 ; from June 16 to
July 21, 1863, and as Charge d'Affaires from
June 10 to October 11, 1872.
J. M. HURTADO, Commissioner and Minister Pleni-
potentiary :
Presented credentials, June 4, 1861. Announced
termination of his mission, June 16, 1863.
MANUEL MURILLO, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, July 21, 1863. Tempora-
rily withdrew, about February 11, 1864.
FRANCISCO PARR AG A, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from about
February 11 to September 15, 1864.
EUSTORJIO SALGAR, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, September 15, 1864. Took
leave, August 16, 1867. Legations in foreign
countries withdrawn.
MANUEL MURILLO, Envoy Extraordinary :
Presented credentials, November 9, 1867. Last
note received from him, December 10, 1867.
SANTOS ACOSTA, Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, September 20, 1868. Took
leave. May 3, 1870.
ENRIQUE CORTES, Secretary of Legation :
* The " Republic of Colombia " consisted of what was after-
ward known as New Granada. Venezuela, and Ecuador. In 1831
this republic separated into three republics, with those respec-
tive names. In 1802 New Granada assumed the name of the
" United States of Colombia."
J
TABULAR RECORDS
615
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from May
3 to August 24, 1870.
SANTIAGO PEREZ, Minister-Resident :
Presented credentials, August 24, 1870. Presented
credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, October 31, 1871. Took
leave, June 10, 1872.
CARLOS MARTIN, Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, October 11, 1872.
SENOR DON FELIPE ZAPATA, Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary, August 6, 1864.
COSTA RICA.
FELIPE MOLINA, Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, March 24, 1851. Died in
Washington, Februar}^ 1, 1855.
LUIS MOLINA, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, June 14, 1855. (See below.)
NAPOLEON ESCALANTE and LUIS MOLINA, En-
voys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, on a special mission of
friendship, November 24, 1857. Mr. Esca-
LANTE took leave, April 10, 1858. Mr. Molina
remained as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary until August 22, 1866, when
he transmitted his letter of recall.
EZEQUIEL GUTIERREZ, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, September 20, 1866. With-
drew on leave, October 28, 1868.
DENMARK.
PEDER BLICHER OLSEN, Minister-Resident :
Arrived in Washington about July 31, 1801.
President absent. Transmitted credentials to
the Secretary of State, August 9, 1801. Re-
turned on leave, July 6, 1803.
PEDER PEDERSON, Consul :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from July
6, 1803, to about June 28, 1815, when he pre-
sented credentials as Minister-Resident. Ad-
nounced intention to leave for Europe, July 31,
1830.
STEEN BILLE, Charge d' Affaires :
Arrived in the United States about August 28,
1830. Took temporary leave, July 21, 1852,
and final leave, bv letter, March 17, 1854.
TORBEN BILLE, Consul-General ;
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from July
21, 1852, to March 17, 1854, when he presented
credentials as Charge d' Affaires. Took leave,
Septembers, 1857.
WALDEMAR RUDOLPH RAASIiOFF, Charge d' Af-
faires :
Presented credentials, December 26, 1857. Left
October 15, 1862, by order of his Government,
on a mission to China, Legation left in charge
of Count Piper, Minister- Resident of Sweden
and Norway. Mr. Raaslofp presented cre-
dentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, January 14, 1864. Left on
leave, July 28, 1866.
HARALD DALLNER. Consul at New York :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from Julv
28, 1866, to December 28, 1867.
FRANTZ ERNST BILLE, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, December 28, 1867. Pre
sented credentials as Minister-Resident, Septem-
ber 25, 1869. Appointed Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary to Stockholm.
Inclosed his letter of recall, August 7, 1872.
C. T. CHRISTENSEN, Consul General at New York:
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from June
15 to December 8, 1870 ; from April, 1871, to
about July 15, 1872 ; and from August 7, 1872,
to January 22, 1873.
JOHAN HENRIK HEGERMAN-LINDENCRONE,
Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, January 22, 1873. Still in
charge.
J. H. DE HEGERMANN-LINDENCRONE, Charge
d' Affaires. Absent.
ECUADOR.
JOSfi VILLAMIL, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, June 10, 1853. Took leave,
April 13, 1854.
ANTONIO FLORES, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials about December 5, 1860.
Informed Department, March 22, 1861, of his
intended departure to assume diplomatic func-
sions in Europe. Mr. F'lores presented cre-
dentials as Minister-Resident and Plenipoten-
tiary to Peace Conveui^ion, March 25, 1870.
Still accredited as Minister-Resident.
FRANCE.
COUNT DE MOUSTIER, Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, February 26, 1788. Took
leave, about October 9, 1789.
Mr. otto. Charge d' Affaires ad interim :
From about October 9, 1789, to August 12, 1791.
COLONEL TERNANT, Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, August 12, 1791. Took
leave. May 17, 1793.
EDMOND C. GENET :
Presented credentials. May 17, 1793. United
States Government suspended diplomatic rela-
tions with Mr. Genet about August 15, 1793.
JOSEPH FAUCHET, Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, February 24, 1794. Ser-
vice terminated, about June 1, 1795.
PIERRE AUGUSTE ADET, Minister Plenipoten-
tiary :
Presented credentials, June — , 1795. Services
terminated, about December 1, 1796.
L. A. PICHON, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, March 19, 1801. Services
terminated, about March 27, 1805.
GENERAL TURREAU, Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, about March 27, 1805. Ser-
vices terminated about January 1, 1811.
Mr. SERURIER, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, about February 21, 1811.
Took leave, January 22, 1816.
Mr. roth, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim, from Janu-
ary 23 to Julv 1, 1816, and from about June 11,
1820, to about February 14, 1821.
G. HYDE NEUVILLE, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
Forwarded his letter of credence from New York,
June 18, 1816. Took leave, June 29, 18^2.
COUNT DE MENOU, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim, from June
29, 1822, to August 3, 1824, and from July 13,
1827, to about July 12, 1830.
BARON DE MAREUIL, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, August 3, 1824. Took
leave by letter, June 30, 1827.
ROUX DE ROCHELLE, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Forwarded from New York, July 4, 1830, his
credentials, and also the Baron de Neuville's
letter of recall. Took leave, March 7, 1831.
Mr. SERURIER, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, March 7, 1831. Recalled ;
presented Mr. Pageot as Charge d'Affaires ad
interim by letter, February 23, 1825.
616
TABULAR RECORDS
ALPHONSE PAGEOT, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charg-e d' Affaires ad interim, from Feb-
ruary 23, 1835, to January 2, 1836, when he
withdrew by order of his Government. Pre-
sented credentials as Charge d' Affaires, Novem-
ber 19, 1836. Took leave as such, April 14,
1837. Again acted as Charge d' Affaires ad in-
terim, from April 22, 1839, to July 2, 1840.
EDOUARD PONTOIS, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, April 14, 1837. Left on
leave, April 22, 1839.
LOUIS ADOLPHE AIME FOURIER DE BACOURT,
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten-
tiary :
Presented credentials, July 3, 1840. Left on leave,
about August 5, 1842.
CHATRY DE LA FOSSE, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from about
August 5 to November 14, 1842.
ALPHONSE JOSEPH YVER PAGEOT, Minister
Plenipotentiary ad interim :
From November 14, 1842, to about January — ,
1848. Presented credentials as Envoy Extraor-
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, January
— , 1848 ; services terminated, March 29, 1848.
A. DE BOURBOULON, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from March
29 to August 5, 1848, and from March 2 to
March 18, 1850.
GUILLAUME TELL LAVALLEE POUSSIN, Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, August 5, 1848. The United
States Government declined to hold correspon-
dence with Mr. Poussin, September 14, 1849.
ERNEST ANDRfi OLIVIER SAIN DE BOISLE-
COMTE, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni-
potentiary :
Presented credentials, March 18, 1850. Took
leave. May 6, 1851.
Mr. DE GILIBERT, Chancelier :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from May
6 to May 29, 1851.
COUNT DE SARTIGES, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials. May 29, 1851. Left, about
April 20, 1859.
GAULDREE DE BOILLEAU, Secretary of Lega-
tion :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from about
June 9, 1855, to about April 30, 1856.
VISCOUNT JULES TREILHARD, Secretary of Le-
gation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from May
23, 1859, to July 4, 1860, and from about De-
cember 31, 1863, to March 2, 1864.
HENRI MERCIER, Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, July 4, 1860. The last com-
munication from Mr. Mercier, December 26,
1863.
LOUIS DE GEOFROY, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim., from March
2, 1864, to May 13, 1865.
MARQUIS DE MONTHOLON, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, May 13, 1865. Took leave,
December 25, 1866.
JULES BERTHEMY, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, December 25, 1866. Took
leave, December 6, 1870.
COUNT DE FAVERNEY, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from April
21, 1869, to about January 22, 1870.
PRfiVOST PARADOL, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary:
Presented credentials, July 16, 1870. Died in
Washington, July 19, 1870. Mr. Berthemy
immediately resumed charge of the Legation.
VISCOUNT JULES TREILHARD, Envoy Extraor-
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, December 6, 1870. Took
leave, April 28, 1871.
HENRY DE BELLONNET, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from April
28, 1871, to July 24, 1872.
MARQUIS DE NOAILLES, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, July 24, 1872. Took leave,
January 30, 1874.
MARQUIS DE CLERMONT-TONNERRE, Secretary
of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires, from January 30, 1874.
A. BARTHOLDI, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiarv, April 7, 1874.
COUNT DE LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, Secretary of
Legation, April 7, 1874.
GERMANY, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OF.
BARON VON ROENNE, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, January 26, 1849. Took
leave, February 20, 1850.
GERMANY. {See North German Union and Prussia.)
BARON ALVENSLEBEN, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from July
4 to August 1, 1871.
KURD VON SCHLOZER, Envoy and Minister Plen-
ipotentiary :
Presented credentials, August 1, 1871. Still ac-
credited.
FERDINAND STUMM, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from Mav
22 to August 23, 1873.
BARON VON THIELMANN, Charge d'Affaires ad
interim.
GREAT BRITAIN.
GEORGE HAMMOND, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, October — , 1791, Took
leave, August 14, 1805.
PHINEAS BOND, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from Au-
gust 14, 1795, to May 12, 1796.
ROBERT LISTON, Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary ;
Presented credentials, May 16, 1796. Took leave
about November 27, 1800.
EDWARD THORNTON, Secretary of Legation •.
Acted as Charge dAffaires ad interim from about
November 27, 1800, to November 26, 1803.
ANTHONY MERRY, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, November 29, 1803. Took
leave, November 3, 1806.
HONORABLE DAVID M. ERSKINE, Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, November 3, 1806. Took
leave, October 3. 1809.
FRANCIS JAMES JACKSON, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, October 3, 1809. Recalled
at the request of the United States Govern-
ment. His passports were delivered about
November 11, 1809. Successor arrived in the
United States, August 31, 1810.
JOHN PHILIP MORIER, Charge d'Affaires :
August 31, 1810. Took leave, July 2, 1811.
AUGUSTUS JOHN FOSTER, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, July 2, 1811. Services
terminated, June 21, 1811, by the declaration
of war against Great Britain.
TABULAR RECORDS
617
ANTHONY ST. JOHN BAKER, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, February 22, 1815. Suc-
cessor arrived, March 18, 1816.
RIGHT HONORABLE CHARLES BAGOT, Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, March 21, 1816. Took
leave, April 14, 1819.
GIBBS CRAWFORD ANTROBUS, Secretary of Le-
gation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from April
14, 1819, to October 16, 1820.
RIGHT HONORABLE SIR STRATFORD CAN-
NING, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo-
tentiary :
Presented credentials, October 16, 1820. Took
leave of the President, June 24, 1828, but re-
mained in charge of the Legation till August
9, 1823, when he left the United States.
HENRY UNWI2^ ADDINGTON, Secretary of Lega-
tion :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires o.d interim from Au-
gust 9, 1823, to August 20, 1825.
RIGHT HONORABLE CHARLES RICHARD
VAUGHAN, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials and Mr. Canning's letter
of recall, August 20, 1825. Left on leave.
May 7, 1831. Returned, March 29, 1833. Took
leave, September 19, 1835.
CHARLES BANKHEAD, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from May
7, 1831, to March 29, 1833, and from Septem-
ber 20, 1835, to March 15, 1836.
HENRY STEPHEN FOX, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented his credentials, March 16, 1836. Took
leave, February 21, 1844.
RIGHT HONORABLE LORD ASHBURTON :
On special mission in 1842.
RIGHT HONORABLE RICHARD PAKENHAM,
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten-
tiary :
Presented credentials, February 21, 1844. Took
leave. May 21, 1847.
RIGHT HONORABLE SIR HENRY LYTTON BUL-
WER, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo-
tentiary :
Presented credentials, December 24, 1849. Left
Washington on leave, August 12, 1851.
JOHN FIENNES TWISLETON CRAMPTON, En-
voy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
As Secretary of Legation acted as Charge d'Af-
f aires ad interim, May 21, 1847, to December
24, 1849, and from August 13, 1851, to Febru-
ary 14, 1852, when he presented credentials
as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo-
tentiary, and also Sir Henry Bulwer's letter
of recall. The United States Government dis-
continued diplomatic intercourse with him.
May 28, 1856, and sent him his passports on
that day.
PHILIP GRIFFITH, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim^ from July
4 to July 25, 1853, and from August 14 to Sep-
tember 8, 1854.
EARL OF ELGIN AND KINCARDINE :
On Special Mission in 1854.
JOHN SAVILE LUMLEY, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from May
3 to June 3, 1855.
LORD NAPIER, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, March 16, 1857. Took
leave, April 11, 1859.
RIGHT HONORABLE LORD LYONS, Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, April 12, 1859. Left on
leave, December 5, 1864.
WILLIAM DOUGLAS IRVINE, Secretary of Lega-
tion :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from July
28 to October 27, 1860.
HONORABLE WILLIAM STUART, Secretary of
liCgation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from June
16 to November 13, 1862, and from August 15
to about October 12, 1863.
JOSEPH HUME BURNLEY, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Au-
gust 25 to October 26, 1864, and from Decem-
ber 6, 1864, to April 20, 1865.
HONORABLE SIR FREDERIC W. A. BRUCE :
Presented credentials, April 20, 1865. Died in
the United States, September 18, 1867.
FRANCIS CLARE FORD, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Sep-
tember 5, 1867, to February 4, 1868.
RIGHT HONORABLE SIR EDWARD THORNTON,
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, February 4, 1868. Still
accredited.
EARL DE GREY AND RIPON, K. G.; Right Honor-
able Sir STAFFORD H. NORTHCOTE, Bart., C. B. ;
Sir EDWARD THORNTON, K.C.B. ; Sir JOHN A.
McDonald, K.C.B. and MONT ague BERNARD,
Eequire :
Empowered as High Commissioners, Procurators,
and Plenipotentiaries, February 16, 1871, for
settling the differences between the United
States and Great Britain.
LORD TENTERDEN :
Secretary of the British Commissioners in the
joint high commission,
HONORABLE FRANCIS JOHN PAKENHAM, Sec-
retary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from July
. 22 to December 11, 1871.
GREECE.
ALEXANDRE RTZO RANGABE, Minister-Resident:
Presented credentials, June 13, 1867. Last note
from him dated June 2, 1868.
CLEON RIZO RANGABE, Secretary of Legation :
Acted Charge d'Affaires ad interirn from June
21, 1868, to September 23, 1871.
GUATEMALA.
FELIPE MOLINA, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, July 10, 1851. Presented
credentials, as Minister Plenipotentiary, June 2,
1852. Died in Washington, February 1, 1855.
ANTONIO JOSE DE IRISARRI, Minister Plenipo-
tentiary :
Presented credentials, September 4, 1855. Died
in the United States, June 10, 1868.
JOSi: MARIA VELA, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, October 12, 1868. Trans-
mitted letter of recall, October 9, 1871.
VICENTE DARDON, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, October 25, 1872. Siill ac-
credited.
HANSEATIC REPUBLIC.
VINCENT RUMPFF, Minister Plenipotentiary :
Empowered, 1828, to negotiate a treaty of friend-
ship, commerce, and navigation.
HAWAII.
HAALILIO and WILLIAM RICHARDS, Special
Commissoners : December, 1842, appointed to
obtain from the United States a recognition
of the independence of the Sandwich Islands.
Last communication dated July 1, 1844.
618
TABULAR RECORDS
JAMES JACKSON JARVES, Special Commissioner :
Credentials dated August 24, 1849. Mr. Gerrit
P. JuDD was associated with J. J. Jaryes as
Special Commissioner and Envoy Extra'>rdi-
uary, September 10, 1849, but proceeded at
once to Europe, Last communication dated,
May 30, 1850.
WILLIAM LITTLE LEE, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, July 10, 1855. Last com-
munication dated, September 22, 1855.
ELISHA H. ALLEX, Envoy Extraordinary :
Presented credentials about August 22, 1856.
Took leave about Marcli 15, 1857.
SCHUYLER LIVINGSTON, Charge d'Affaires :
Credentials dated, May 28, 1859. Last communi-
cation dated, April 20, I860.
S. U. F. ODELL, Consul-General :
Acted as Charge d'AfEaires from August 14, 1862,
to February 3, 1864, and from February 23,'
1865, to July 16, 1867.
ELISHA H. ALLEN, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, June 9, 1864. Last com-
munication dated, February 22, 1865.
CHARLES C. HARRIS, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, July 16, 1867. Successor
was received, June 14, 1870.
JOHN M. SMITH, Charge d'AfEaires :
Letter of credence received, December 11, 1868.
Acted until about May 27, 1869.
ELISHA H. ALLEX, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, January 14, 1870. Last
communication dated, May 12, 1870. Returned
to this position in 1875.
HAYTI.
ERNEST ROUMAIN, Charge d'AfEaires :
Presented credentials. Marcli 3, 1863. Left, about
April 21,1867.
DEMOSTHENES BRUNO, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'AfEaires ad interim from Octo-
ber 28, 1863, to July 9, 1864, and from Septem-
ber 29, 1864, to May 6, 1865, and from February
7, 1866, to June 28,' 1867.
GEORGE F. USHER, Consul :
Acted as Cliarij:e d'AfEaires ad interim from June
28, 1867, to October 17, 1867.
GEORGE RACSTER. Charge d'AfEaires :
Presented credentials, October 17, 1867. Took
leave, Marcli 22, 1869.
EVARISTE LAROCHE, Charge d'AfEaires :
Presented credentials, Marcli 29, 1869. Took
leave, November 20, 1869.
ALEXANDER TATE, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, November 20, 1869. Took
leave, February 11, 1870.
STEPHEN PRESTON, Minister-Resident :
Presented credentials, April 22, 1870. Presented
credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary, February 14, 1873. Still
accredited.
HONDURAS.
JOS£ F. BARRUNDIA, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, May 29, 1854. Died in
New York, August 4, 1854.
LEON ALVARADO, Minister Plenipotentiary:
Sent on a special mission of friendship. Pre-
sented credentials, April 16, 1857. Took his
departure a few days afterward. Returned on
March 9, 1860, and took leave the 28th of that
month.
LUIS MOLINA, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, September 24, 1860. With-
drew on leave, October 19, 1867.
IGNACIO GOMEZ, Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, February 25, 1868. With-
drew on leave, October 24, 1869.
SES'OR don VICENTE DARDON, Minister-Resi-
dent :
October 2, 1874.
ITALY. (See Sardinia.)
CHEVALIER JOSEPH BERTINATTI, Minister-
Resident :
April 11, 1861, Mr. Bertixatti, Minister Resi-
dent of Sardinia, announced the assumption,
by Victor Emanuel II., of the title of King of
Italy, which occurred on the 17th of March
preceding. Presented letter of credence aa
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten-
tiarv,*Julv 30, 1864. Left the United States on
leave, June 8, 1866.
ROMEO CANTAGALLI, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'AfEaires ad interim from June
8, 1866, to August 30, 1867.
CHEVALIER MARCELLO CERRUTI, Envoy Ex-
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, August 30, 1867. Succes-
sor ]> resented, Mav 13, 1870.
COUNT LUIGI COLOBIANO, Secretary of Lega-
tion :
Acted as Charge d'AfEaires ad interim from July
2, 1869, to Mav 13, 1870.
COUN r LUIGI CORTI, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials. May 13, 1870. Left on
leave, October 7, 1873. Still accredited.
COUNT Z ANN I XI. Secretary of Legation :
Charge d'AfEaires ad interim, October 7, 1873.
COUNT LITTA. Secretary of Legation :
Charge dAfEaires, ad interim, June 30, 1875.
BARON BLANC, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary :
November 13, 1875.
JAPAN.
JUGOI ARINORI MORI, Charge d'AfEaires :
Presented credentials, March 2, 1871. Left on
leave, March 18, 1873.
SIONII TOMOMI IWAKURA, Embassador Extraor-
dinary ; and JUSSAMI TAKAYOSSI KIDO, JUS-
SAMI TOSSIMITSI OKUBO, JUSHIE HIROBU-
MIE ITO, and JUSHIE MASSOUKA YAMAGUTSI,
Vice-Embassadors Extraordinary :
On a Special Mission. Presented credentials,
March 4, 1872. Took leave, July 24, 1872.
SAMRO TAKAKI, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'AfEaires ad interim, from
March 18 to August 9, 1873.
GIRO YANO, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'AfEaires ad interim, from
August 9, 1873.
JUSHIE : YOSHIDA KIYONARI, Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials in November, 1874.
YOSHIDA DJIRO, Secretary of Legation.
GIRO YANO, Agent of Japan for Centennial Exhi-
bition. Recalled August, 1875,
LIBERIA.
JOHN B. PHINNEY, Charge d'AfEaires :
Presented credentials. May 18, 1864. Services
terminated, May 23, 1865.
H. M. SCHIEFFELIN, Charge d'AfEaires :
Transmitted credentials to Secretary of State,
May 23, 1865. Still in charge.
TABULAR RECORDS
619
LUNEBURG. (See Brunswick.)
MEXICO.
JOSfi MANUEL DE ZOZAYA, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Placed credentials in Department of State, De-
cember 10, 1823. Departed for New Orleans,
May 21, 1823. Did not resume the duties of
Minister.
JOSfi A. TORRENS, Charge d'AfPaires :
Transmitted credentials to Secretary of State by
note of October 29, 1823. Services terminated,
November 18, 1824.
PABLO OBREGON, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, November 18, 1824. Died
at legation, September 10, 1828.
JOSE MARIA MONTOYA, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim, from Sep-
tember 10, 1828, to February 16, 1830. Pre-
sented credentials as Charge d' Affaires, June 6,
1831. Successor presented, April 9, 1833.
JOSE MARIA TORNEL, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, February 16, 1830. Took
leave. June 6, 1831.
AUGUSTIN ITURBIDE, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, April 9, 1833. Took leave,
June 26,1833.
JOAQUIN M. DE CASTILLO Y LANZAS, Secretary
of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from June
26, 1833, to March 24, 1836, and from October
15, 1836, to October 16, 1837.
MANUEL EDUARDO GOROSTIZA, Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, March 24, 1836. Request-
ed his passports, October 15, 1836.
FRANCISCO PIZARRO MARTINEZ, Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, October 16, 1837. Died in
United States, February 9, 1840.
JUAN L. ALMONTE, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, October 27, 1842. De-
manded his passports, March 6, 1845, on ac-
count of breaking out of hostilities.
LUIS DE LA ROSA, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, December 2, 1848. Took
leave, January 10, 1852.
JOSE M. GONZALEZ DE LA VEGA, Secretary of
Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim, from Jan-
uary 10 to May 22, 1852.
MANUEL LARRAINZAR, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, May 22, 1852. Took leave,
July 6, 1853.
JUAN N. ALMONTE, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, July 7, 1853. Took leave
of Secretary of State, February 6, 1856.
ANGEL ITURBIDE, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim, from Feb-
ruarv 6 to April 16, 1856.
MANUEL'ROBLES PEZUELA, Envoy Extraordina-
ry and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, April 16, 1856. Announced,
by note of 31st July, 1858, his temporary vi^ith-
drawal.
GREGORIO BARANDIARAN, Second Secretary of
Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim, from about
August 3, 1858, to April 28, 1859.
JOSE MARIA MAT A, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, April 28, 1859. Announced
his departure on leave, August 11, 1860.
MATIAS ROMERO, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim, from about
August 11, 1860, to about May 8, 1863, when
he left on leave. He presented credentials as
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten-
tiary, October 29, 1863. Took leave, July 13,
1868.
IGNACIO MARISCAL, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim, from about
October 31, 1867, to about April 6, 1868. He
presented credentials as Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary, August 11, 1869.
MANUEL CASTILLA Y PORTUGAL, Secretary of
Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires od interim, from about
April 14 to about June 23, 1870.
FRANCISCO GOMEZ PALACIO, Charge d' Affaires
ad interim :
From about May 2, 1871, to August 4, 1872.
NETHERLANDS.
PIETER JOHAN VAN BERKEL, Minister Plenipo-
tentiary :
Presented credentials, October 31, 1783. Trans-
mitted letter of recall to Secretary of State,
August 25, 1788. Left United States about
September 3, 1788.
FRANCO PETRUS VAN BERKEL, Minister Resi-
dent :
Presented credentials. May 15, 1789. Services
terminated about September 5, 1795.
R. G. VAN POLANEN, Minister Resident :
Presented credentials, August 30, 1796. Services
terminated about October 18, 1802.
F. D. CHANGUION, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
From October, 1814, to July, 1815.
J. W. TEN CATE, Charge d' Affaires :
Arrived in Washington, March 26, 1816. Ser-
vices terminated in August, 1818.
VISCOUNT GOUPY DE QUA BECK, Charge d' Af-
faires :
Presented credentials, November 9, 1818. Re-
called, August 22, 1822.
CHEVALIER C. D. E. J. BANGEMAN HUYGENS,
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, August 26, 1825. Took
leave, January 5, 1832, to return on leave.
CHEVALIER R. BANGEMAN HUYGENS, Secre-
tary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim, from Jan-
uary 5, 1832, to July 11, 1833.
ADRIEN MARTINI, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, July 11, 1833 Took leave,
July 27, 1842.
CHEVALIER J. C. GEVERS, Charge d' Affaires :
Arrived in Washington about November 8, 1842.
Arrival of successor, July 20, 1845.
CHEVALIER' FRANCOIS MATHIEU WENCES-
LAUS TESTA, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, July 30, 1845. Successor
arrived about July 10, 1854,
CHEVALIER J. C. GEVERS, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Arrived in Washington about July 10, 1854. An-
nounced his departure on November 17, 1855.
Consul-General at New York in charge of the
affairs of the Legation.
H. C. DUBOIS, Minister Resident :
Presented credentials. May 6, 1856. Left on
leave, August 20, 1856. Transmitted letter of
recall by note, dated. The Hague, November 15,
1856.
T. M. ROEST VAN LIMBURG, Minister Resident :
Presented credentials, June 17, 1857. Presented
620
TABULAR RECORDS
credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary, January 23, 1861. Left
on leave about Mav 10, 1867. Letter of recall
is dated October 31, 1868.
A. MAZEL, Minister Resident (provisionally) :
Presented credentials, June 14, 1867. November
23, 1868, announced the recall of Mr. Van Lim-
BURG, and of his appointment as Minister Resi-
dent. Last communication received from him
dated, June 10, 1871.
BERNHARD DE WESTENBERG, Minister Resi-
dent :
Presented credentials, August 1, 1871.
JONKHEER VON PESTEL, Minister Resident, April
27, 1875.
NICARAGUA.
EDUARDO CARCACHE, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, December 24, 1849. Took
leave by letter from New York, July 8, 1850.
JOSE DE MARCOLETA, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, February 22, 1851. De-
cember 30, 1852, the Secretary of State declined
further official communication with him. De-
cember 17, 1853, he presented new credentials.
His last communication was dated, April 26,
1856.
AGUSTIN VIGIL, Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary :
Transmitted credentials, May 14, 1856. An-
nounced intended absence, June 28, 1856, leav-
ing John P. Hetss, Secretary of Legation, in
charge of the Legation. •
ANTONIO JOSE DE IRISARRI, Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Transmitted copy of credentials, October • 16,
1856, but not recognized until October 17, 1857.
Transmitted letter of recall, January 4, 1859.
MAXIMO JEREZ, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary :
Sent on a Special Mission to continue the pending
Negotiation of a Treaty. Presented creden-
tials, October 5, 1858. Presented new creden-
tials as permanent Minister, January 11, 1859.
LUIS MOLINA, Charge d'Affaires :
First note to Secretary of State, August 30, 1859.
Presented credentials as Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary, March 16, 1861.
Took leave, September 30, 1867.
IGNACIO GOMEZ, Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, February 25, 1868. With-
drew on leave, October 24, 1869.
JOSfi ROSA PEREZ, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, February 2, 1870. Acted
until August 7, 1872.
EMILIO BENARD, Minister Resident :
Presented credentials, August 16, 1872. Left on
leave about the end of November, 1872. Still
accredited.
NORTH GERMAN UNION.
(See German Empire and Prussia.)
BARON GEROLT, Envoy and Minister Plenipoten-
tiary :
Presented credentials, January 24, 1868. Re-
mained in charge of the Legation after the
formation of the German Empire, January 18,
1871. Took leave, June 29, 1871.
PERU.
JOAQUIN JOS£ DE OSMA, Minister Plenipoten-
tiary :
Presented credentials, December 21, 1846. Pre-
sented letter of recall, March 1, 1848.
JUAN IGNACIO DE OSMA, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from
March 1, 1848, to May 10, 1850 ; from August
16, 1850, to September 23, 1852 ; from April 1,
1853, to June 15, 1854 ; and from March 16,
1855, to February 20, 1856, when he presented
credentials as Minister-Resident.
JOSE MANUEL TIRADO, Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials. May 10, 1850. Took leave,
temporarily, August 16, 1850.
JOAQUIN JOSE DE OSMA, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, September 23, 1853. Took
leave, March 30, 1853.
JOSfi MANUEL TIRADO, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, June 15, 1854. Took leave,
March 16, 1855.
JUAN IGNACIO DE OSMA, Minister Resident :
Presented credentials, February 20, 1856. With-
drew temporarily, December 21, 1858.
CIPRIANO CORONEL ZEGARRA, Minister-Resi-
dent :
Presented credentials, March 28, 1859. Notified
that diplomatic relations witli Peru were termi-
nated, November 26, 1860.
FREDERICO L. BARREDA, Confidential Agent :
Presented credentials, April 2, 1861, as Confiden-
tial Agent to restore diplomatic intercourse with
Peru. Presented credentials as Minister-Resi-
dent, March 3, 1862. Took leave temporarily,
July 15, 1804.
JOSE CARLOS TRACY, Consul at New York :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from July
15, 1864, to February 2, 1865.
AMELIO BONIFAZ, Charge d'Affaires ad interim:
From February 2, 1865, to A])ril 15, 1865.
JOSfi ANTONIO GARCIA Y GARCIA, Charge
d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, April 15, 1865. Took
leave, March 12. 1866.
FREDERICO L. BARREDA, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary:
Presented credentials. May 29, 1866. Delivered
letter of recall. May 6, 1867.
A. BENJAMIN MEDIA, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from May
6 to November 19, 1867.
JOS:^ ANTONIO GARCIA Y GARCIA, Envoy Ex-
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, November 19, 1867. De-
letter of recall. May 7, 1869.
MANUEL FREYRE, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, June 9, 1869. Still ac-
credited.
EDUARDO VILLENA. Secretary of Legation:
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from May
29, 1873. Still in charge.
PORTUGAL.
CIPRIANO RIBEIRO FREIRE, Minister-Resident :
Presented credentials to Secretary of State, Oc-
tober 13, 1794. Left the United States, about
April 7, 1799.
JOSfi RADEMAKER, Consul-General :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim, from ar-
rival of his successor, July 10, 1816.
JOSE CORRIDA DA SERRA, Minister Plenipoten-
tiary :
Transmitted copy of letter of credence to the
Secretary of State,. July 22, 1816. Announced
intention to leave United States, November 9,
^ 1820.
JOSE AMADO GREHON, Charge d'Affaires ad in-
terim :
From about December 4, 1816. Announced in-
tention to leave United States, June 25, 1822.
JOAQUIN BARROZO PEREIRA, Consul-General :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from about
TABULAR RECORDS
621
June 25, to about November 12, 1822, and from
January 9, 1824, to October 2, 1829.
FRANCISCO SOLANO CONSTANCIO, Charge
d'Affaires :
Received by Secretary of State, November 12,
1822. Minister for foreign affairs of Portugal,
transmitted a note dated October 31, 1823,
(through General Dearbon), to the Secretary
of State, informing him of the recall of Mr.
Constancio, and of the appointment of Mr.
Pereira, Consul-General at Philadelphia, as
Charge d' Affaires ad interim. Mr. Pereira was
recognized January 9, 1824.
FREDERICO TORLADE DE AZAMBUJA, Charge
d' Affaires :
Arrived at Philadelphia, August 26, 1828. Was
not recognized until October 2, 1829. July 16,
1834, announced termination of his duties.
JOAQUIM CESAR DE FIGANIERE E MORAO,
Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, March 10, 1835. Left
about June 1, 1838.
JO AC DALMEIDA DE LA FIGANIERE, Attache :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from June
1, 1838, to October 2, 1839.
CHEVALIER ANTONIO CANDIDO DE FARIA,
Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, October 2, 1839. An-
nounced intended departure, November 21 , 1839.
BARON A. E.'DE WEIDERHOLD, Consul-General
ad interim :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from No-
vember 21, 1839, to December 30, 1840.
JOAQUIM CESAR DE FIGANIERE E MORAO,
Minister-Resident :
Presented credentials, December 30, 1840. Pre-
sented credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary, October 26, 1854.
Died in Brooklyn, December 24, 1866.
MANOEL GARCIA DA ROSA, Secretary of Lega-
tion :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from De-
cember 24, 1866, to May 31, 1867, and from
about June 24, 1867, to about April 14, 1868.
MIGUEL MARTINS DANTAS, Envoy Extraordin-
ary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, May 31, 1867. Left on
leave, October 30, 1869.
ANTONIO DA CUNHA SOTTO MAIOR, Consul-
General :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Octo-
ber 30, 1869, to January 12, 1872.
CHEVALIER JOAO DE SOUZA LOBO, Envoy Ex
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, January 12, 1872.
BARON • DE SANT ANNA, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary.
PRUSSIA.
(See German Empire and North German Union.)
FRIEDRICK GREUHM, Minister-Resident and Con-
sul General :
Presented credentials, November 11, 1817. Died
in the United States, December 1, 1823.
COUNCILLOR NIEDERSTETTER, Charge d'Af-
faires :
Presented credentials, January 6, 1825. Took
leave, March 30,1830.
COUNCILLOR VON ROENNE, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, June 23. 1834. Presented
credentials as Minister-llesident, October 26,
1836. Left on leave, about April 1, 1844. His
letter of recall w^as presented by his successor,
December 13, 1844.
BARON GEROLT, Minister-Resident :
Presented credentials, December 13, 1844. Took
leave, November 15, 1848.
J. W. SCHMIDT, Consul-General :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from
March 16 to December 22, 1849.
BARON GEROLT, Minister-Resident :
Presented credentials, December 22, 1849. Pre-
sented credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary, November 8, 1854.
Acted in that capacity until January 24, 1868,
when he presented credentials as Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from
the North German Union.
A. MAGNUS, attache :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from July
9, to about October 1, 1850.
BARON GUIDO VON GRABOW, Secretary of Le-
gation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from about
June 23 to about November 6, 1854 ; from
May 19 to about December 6, 1855 ; from May
18 to about December 4, 1857 ; from about
July 21, 1858, to about March 6, 1859 ; and
from June 23 to about November 19, 1864,
RUSSIA.
ANDRf: DE DASCHKOFF, Charge d'Affaires and
Consul-General :
Presented credentials, about July 11, 1809. Ser-
vices terminated, about June 25, 1810.
COUNT THEODORE DE PAHLEN, Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, about June 25, 1810. Took
leave, November 14, 1811.
ANDR:fc DE DASCHKOFF, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, November 15, 1811. Took
leave, March 6, 1819.
CHEVALIER PIERRE DE POLETICA, Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Arrived at Washington, May 24, 1819, but in
consequence of the absence of the President,
he did not deliver his credentials until August
11, 1819. He was, however, in correspondence
with the Department previous to the date of
his presentation. Took leave, April 23, 1822.
GEORGE ELLISEN, Councillor of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from April
25, 1822, to April 19, 1823.
BARON DE TUYLL, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials to the Secretary of State,
April 19, 1823. Took leave, March 14, 1826.
BARON DE MALTITZ, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from
March 14, 1826, to December 20, 1827.
BARON DE KRUDENER, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials to the Secretary of State,
December 20, 1827. Services terminated Au-
gust 15, 1836. His letter of recall was deliv-
ered by his successor, May 5, 1838.
BARON DE SACKEN, Charge d'Affaires dd interim :
From August 16, 1830, to February 20, 1833.
GEORGE KREHMER, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Au-
gust 15, 1836, to May 5, 1838.
ALEXANDER DE BODISCO, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, May 5, 1838. Died in the
United States, January 23, 1854.
COUNT DE ZABIELO, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Sep-
tember 8, 1843, to October 27, 1844.
EDWARD DE 8T0ECKL, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from
June 20, 1849, to May 4, 1850.
CONST ANTINE CATACAZY, Secretary of Legation:
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Jan-
uary 23 to March 24, 1854.
622
TABULAR RECORDS
EDWARD DE STOECKL, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, March 24, 1854. Pre-
sented credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary, February 21, 1857.
Left on leave, October 13, 1868.
BARON DE OSTEX SACKEN, Secretary of Lega-
tion :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Au-
gust 14. 1858, to about Mav 30, 1859.
WALDEMAR BODISCO, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Oc-
tober 12, 1866, to March 20. 1867, and from
October 13, 1868, to September 24, 1869.
CONSTANTINE CATACAZY, Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, September 24, 1869. The
United States Government declined to hold
diplomatic intercourse with Mr, Catacazy,
November 24, 1871.
ALEXANDER GORLOFF, Attache :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from No-
vember 24, 1871, to Januarv 2, 1872.
VALERIEN SCHIRKOFF, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Jan-
uary 2 to April 30, 1872.
BARON HENRI D'OFFENBERG, Envoy Extraor-
dinary :
Presented credential, April 30, 1872. Presented
credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiarv, February 5, 1873.
NICHOLAS DE VOIGHT^ Secretary 'of Legation :
Acting Charge d'Affaires ad interim, May 28,
1874.
NICHOLAS SHISHKIN, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, October 29, 1875.
SALVADOR.
FELIPE MOLINA, Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, October 17, 1853. Died in
Washington, Februarv 1, 1855.
ANTONIO JOSfi DE IRISARRI, Minister Plenipo-
tentiary :
Presented credentials, September 4, 1855. Gave
notice of termination of mission, March 11,
1863.
LORENZO MONTUFAR, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Sent on special mission to negotiate a treaty of
friendship and commerce. Presented creden-
tials, April 23, 1862. Left, June 16, 1862.
HENRY SEGUR, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, June 17, 1863. Letter of
recall transmitted by successor, December 30,
1863.
ANTONIO JOSE DE IRISARRI, Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, December 30, 1863. Died
in the United States, June 10, 1868.
JOSE MARIA VELA, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, October 12, 1868. Trans-
mitted letter of recall, Julv 18, 1871.
VICENTE DARDON, Charge d'Affaires:
Presented credentials, October 19, 1872. Pre-
sented credentials as Minister Plenipotentiary,
February 17, 1874. Still accredited.
SARDINIA. (See Italy.)
COUNT AUGUSTO AVOGADRO DE COLOBIANO
Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, February 7, 1839. Last
communication to him, August 8, 1842.
COUNT DE MONT ALTO, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, October 2, 1843. Last
note to him, September 18, 1846.
CHEVALIER L. MOSSI, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, July 26, 1848. Took leave,
April 6, 1853.^
I. VALERIO, Charge d'Affaires ad interim :
From April 6 to Julv 20, 1853, and from April
12 to June 28, 1855.'
MARQUIS A. TALIACARNE, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, December 19, 1853. Last
note to him. Januarv 23, 1855.
CHEVALIER JOSEPH BERTINATTI, Charge d'Af-
faires :
Presented credentials, October 2, 1855. Presented
credentials as Minister-Resident, March 27,
1861. On April 11, 1861, he announced the
assumption by Victor Emanuel II. of the title
of King of Italy, which occurred on the 7th of
March preceding.
SPAIN.
DIEGO DE GARDOQUI, Charge d'Affaires :
Transmitted credentials to Congress, May 21,
1785. Withdrew on leave, October 3, 1789.
JOSE IGNACIO DE VI AR. Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Oc-
tober 3, 1789, to about December 1, 1791, and
from April 25 to about August 1, 1796.
JOSE IGNACIO DE VIAR and JOSE DE JAU-
DENES. Joint Charges d'Affaires ad interim :
Commission dated, February 12, 1791. Their
joint services commenced about December 1,
1791. Mr. Jaudenes began to act independ-
ently of Mr. ViAR at a period between March
5 and August 22, 1794. He gave notice of in-
tended return to Spain, April 25, 1796. Mr.
Viar's services ceased, Mav 3, 1794.
CARLOS M. DE IKUJO, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Arrived in the United States about the end of
July, 1796 Presented credentials, August 25,
1796. Last note to Secretary of State, Febru-
arv 4. 1806.
VALENTIN DE FORONDA, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, Julv 7, 1807. Took leave
by letter, October 14, 1809.
LUIS DE ONIS, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary :
Gave notice of arrival in the United States, Oc-
tober 7, 1807. Left the United States on leave,
May 10, 1819.
MATEO *DE LA SERNA, Charge d'AfRiires ad in-
terim :
From May 10, 1819. to April 12, 1820.
FRANCISCO 'DIONISIO VIVES, Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, April 12, 1820. Last offi-
cial communication from him, September 23,
1821.
FRANCISCO HILARIO RIVAS Y SALMON, Secre-
tary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Sep-
tember 30 to October 31, 1821, and from March
15, 1823, to July 25, 1827.
JOAQUIN DE ANDUAGA, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, October 31, 1821. Gave
notice of intended departure, March 15, 1823.
FRANCISCO TACON, Minister-Resident :
Presented credentials, July 25, 1827. Presented
credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary, November 11, 1833.
Died in Philadelphia' June 22, 1835.
MIGUEL TACON, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from June
30 to December 7, 18o5, and from October 4,
1837, to April 28, 1838.
ANGEL CALDERON DE LA BARCA, Envoy Ex-
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, December 7, 1835. Took
leave, September 26, 1839.
TABULAR RECORDS.
623
PEDRO ALCANTARA ARGAIZ, Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, September 26, 1839. Took
leave, January 2, 1844.
FIDENCIO BOURMAN, Charge d'Affaires ad in-
terim :
From January 2 to August 5, 1844.
ANGEL CALDERON de la BARCA, Minister Resi-
dent :
Presented credentials, August 5, 1844. Took
leave, August 2, 1853.
JOSfi MARIA MAGALLON, Secretary of Legation:
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from
August 2, 1853, to May 30, 1854, and from
November 11, 1856, to February 21, 1857.
LEOPOLDO AUGUSTO de CUETO, Envoy Extraor-
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, May 30, 1854. Last com-
munication, July, 1855.
ALFONSO ESCALANTE, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, October 1, 1855. Took
leave, November 11, 1856.
GABRIEL GARC[A Y TASSARA, Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, February 21, 1857. Took
leave, March 11, 1867.
FACUNDO GON^I, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, March 15, 1867. Successor
presented March 19, 1869.
MAURICIO LOPEZ ROBERTS, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, March 19, 1869. Placed
Legation in charge of the first Secretary, Mr.
POTESTAD, March 23, 18^2. Took leave, April
1, 1872.
Admiral DON JOSE POLO de BERNABE, Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, April 5, 1872,
SEl^^OR DON ANTONIO MANTILLA de los RIOS,
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary,
September 15, 1874.
SE^OR DON LUIS de POTESTAD, Secretary of
Legation, September 15, 1874.
SWEDEN and NORWAY.
BARON JOHAN ALBERT KANTZOW, Minister-
Resident :
First note to him, September 23, 1813. Took
leave temporarily, March 8, 1817.
BARON BERNDT ROBERT GUSTAF STACKEL-
BERG, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials November 14, 1819. Took
leave, June 6, 1832.
DAVID GUSTAF ANKARLOO, Charge d'Affaires :
Requested audience, June 6, 1832. Was presented,
October 26, 1832. Last note from him, May
20, 1833.
SEVERIN LORICH, Consul-General :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires adinterim from May
21,1833, to March 11,1837.
GUSTAF DE NORDIN, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, November 15, 1838. Took
leave, July 15, 1845.
C. EDWARD HABICHT, acting Consul-General:
Acting as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from July
15, 1845, to August 26, 1846 ; from May 1 to
June 29, 1849 ; from December 29, 1849, to
January 9, 1851 ; from June 5, 1852, to Febru-
ary 5. 1853 ; from April 8, 1856, to June 26,
1858 ; from April 12 to November 7, 1861, and
from June 16 to November 4, 1869.
ADAM LOVENSKIOLD, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, August 27, 1846. Took
leave temporarily. May 1, 1849.
GEORGE SIBBERN, Charge d'Affaires:
Presented credentials, January 10, 1851. Pre-
sented credentials as Minister-Resident, January
4, 1855. Took leave temporarily, April 16, 1856.
BARON NILS ERIC WILHELM de WETTER.
STEDT, Minister-Resident :
Presented credentials, July 3, 1858. Took leave
April 11, 1861.
COUNT EDWARD PIPER, Minister-Resident :
Presented credentials, November 7, 1861. Last
note from him, August 5, 1864.
BARON NILS ERIC WILHELM de WETTER-
STEDT, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni-
potentiary :
Presented credentials, January 19, 1865. Took
leave temporarily, June 16, 1869.
COUNT CARL LEWENHAUPT, Secretary of Lega-
tion :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires adinterim from Novem-
ber 4, 1869, to December 28, 1870.
OLUF STENERSEN, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, December 22, 1870. Still
accredited.
A. GRIP, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from June
2, 1873, to January 15, 1874. Continued to act
as such in 1875.
TEXAS.
GEORGE C. CHILDRESS and ROBERT HAMIL-
TON, Special Agents :
Appointed with Plenary Power to negotiate with
the United States for the recognition of the in-
dependence and sovereignty of Texas, Their
first communication to the Secretary of State
was dated May 21, 1836.
PETER W. GRAYSON and JAMES COLLINS-
WORTH, Commissioners to treat respecting mat-
ters of interest to the United States and Texas :
Transmitted credentials, informally, July 10,
1836.
WILLIAM H. WHARTON and MEMUCAN HUNT.
Ministers Plenipotentiary :
Were received by the Secretary of State, March
11. 1837, but were not fully recognized, their
credentials not being in the regular form.
MEMUCAN HUNT, Envoy Extraordinary and Min-
ister Plenipotentiary.
Presented credentials, July 6, 1837. Gave notice
of departure. May 23, 1838.
FAIRFAX CATLETT, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from May
23 to August 24, 1838.
ANSON JONES, Minister Plenipotentiary :
Announced arrival, August 24, 1838. His last
note to the Secretary of State, March 18,
1839.
RICHARD G. DUNLAP, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary:
Presented credentials. May 9, 1839. Took leave,
April 20, 1840.
BARNARD E. LEE, Charge d'Affaires :
Was first received officially, April 20, 1840.
Withdrew temporarily, October 2, 1841. Took
final leave by letter, January 21, 1842.
NATHANIEL AMORY, Secretary'of Legation:
Acted as Charge d'Affaires ad interim from Octo-
ber 2, 1841, to March 10, 1842.
JAMES RILEY, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials, March 10, 1842. Took
leave, September 5, 1842.
ISAAC VAN ZANDT, Charge d'Affaires :
Presented credentials December 7, 1842. Took
leave September 11, 1844.
J. PINCKNEY HENDERSON, Special Agent :
Appointed to act in conjunction with Isaac Van
Zandt to negotiate a treaty of annexation with
the United States. Presented credentials, April
4, 1844.
624
TABULAR RECORDS.
CHARLES H. RAYMOND, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge ad interim from September,
1844, to May 19, 1845.
TURKEY.
BLACQUE BEY, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, August 23, 1867. Last
note to him, August 7, 1873.
BALTAZZI EFFENDI, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from May
14, 1870, to August l(i, 1871.
GREGORIE ARISTARCHI BEY. Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, October 14, 1873. Still
accredited.
TWO SICILIES. (See Italy.)
CHE\^ALIER ROCCO MARTUSCELLI, Charge
d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, December 5, 1846. Died in
the United States, November 8, 1853.
J. C. VERTU, Vice-Consul :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from Feb-
ruary 21 to November 1, 1853.
BARON WINSPEARE, Charge d'Afifaires :
First communication from him received about
Julv, 10, 1855. Took leave, July 7, 1856.
ACHILLE FERRER, Charged' Affaires ad interim:
From July 8, 1856, to August 6, 1851).
CHEVALIER P. MASSONE, Charge dAffaires :
Presented his credentials, August 6, 1859. Last
note to him dated September 24, 1860.
GUISEPPE ANFORA dei DUCHI di LICCIGNfiNO,
Consul General :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from Sep-
tember 24, 1860, to December 15, 1861.
VENEZUELA.
LUCIO PULIDO, Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, September 6, 1851. Last
note from him, November 10, 1852.
RAMON ASPURUA, Charge d'Afifaires :
Presented credentials, March 7, 1854. Last note
to him, December 7, 1854.
FRANCISCO ARANDA, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, February 28, 1856. Last
note to him, November 6, 1856.
FLORENCIO RIBAS, Secretary of Legation :
Acted as Charge d' Affaires ad interim from No-
vember 7, 1856, to June 6, 1858 ; from April 30,
1858, to October 20, 1860 ; from July 28, 1866,
to April 15, 1867 ; and from June 22, 1867, to
August 24, 1868.
MANUEL DE BRICENO, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, January 6, 1858. Took
leave, April 29, 1858.
JOSfe A. PAEZ, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary :
Presented credentials, October 20, 1860. Took
leave, February 16, 1861.
BLAS BRUZUAL, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary :
Requested an audience, October 16, 1863. Was
presented, September 5, 1864. Took leave tem-
porarily, June 22, 1867. Last note to him, Au-
gust 27, 1868.
MANUEL MUNOZY CASTRO, Charge d' Affaires :
Presented credentials, February 8, 1869. Last
note to him, October 28, 1869.
SE^OR DON JUAN B. DALLA COSTA, Envoy Ex-
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, June 5,
1874.
INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATIONS AND COMMISSIONS.*
1. Under the Treaty of Amity, etc., between the United
States and Great Britain, November 19, 1794:
{a) Mixed Commission at Halifax, under the fifth
article, to determine what river is the River St.
Croix. First meeting, August 30, 1796 ; last
meeting, October 25, 1798. American Commis-
sioner, David Howell ; British Commissioner,
Thomas Barclay ; third Commissioner, Eg-
bert Benson ; American Agent, James Sulli-
van ; British Agent, Ward Chipman ; Secre-
tary, Ed. Winston.
(6) Mixed Commission at Philadelphia, under tlie
Sixth Article, to determine the amount to be
paid by the United States to Great Britain for
losses of British subjects by reason of " vari-
ous lawful impediments" thrown in the way of
the collection of debts. First meeting. May,
1797 ; proceedings suspended, July 19, 1799 ;
never resumed. American Commissioners,
Thomas Fitzsimmons, S. Sitgreaves ; Bri-
tish Commissioners, Thomas Macdonald, Hen-
ry Pye Rich ; Fifth Commissioner, John Guil-
LEMARD ; American Agent, John Read, Jr. ;
British Agent, William Moore Smith ; Secre-
tary, G. Evans. Differences adjusted in con-
vention of January 8, 1802.
(c) Mixed Commission in London, under tlie Sev-
enth Article, to determine amount of British
claims for violation of neutrality, and of Amer-
ican claims for illegal captures. First meet-
* Several commissious or tribunals, not international in their
character, have also been organized under United States laws
(but in accordance with provisions of treaties) for adjudicating
upon claims.
ing, August 16, 1796 ; last meeting, February
24, 1804. American Commissioners, Christo-
pher Gore and William Pinckney ; British
Commissioners, John Nicholl and John Ans-
TEY (Dr. Nicholl resigned, and MAxmiCE
SwABEY was appointed) ; Fifth Commissioner,
John Trumbull ; American Agent, Samuel
Bayard, succeeded by Samuel Williams,
who was succeeded by Samuel Cabot ; British
Agent, Nathaniel Gostling ; Secretary,
Francis Moore.
— Under the Treaty of December 24, 1814, between the
United States and Great Britain {commonly called
the Treaty of Ghent).
(a) Under the Fourth Article, to determine the
ownership of the islands in Passamaquoddy
Bay. Decision rendered at New York, Novem-
ber 24, 1817. American Commissioner, John
Holmes ; British Commissioner, Thomas Bar-
clay ; Secretary, Anthony Barclay ; Ameri-
can Agent, James T. Austin ; British Agent,
Ward Chipman.
(&) Under the Fifth Article, to settle the north-
eastern boundary, commissioners disagreed.
American Commisioner reported, November 20,
1821. American Commissioner, C. P. Van
Ness ; British Commissioner, Thomas Bar-
clay ; American Agent, William C. Bradley;
British Agent, Ward Chipman.
(c) Under the Sixth Article, to determine where is
the middle of the rivers and lakes forming the
northern boundary to the water communication
between Lakes Huron and Superior ; and un-
der the Seventh Article, to determine the
boundary-line to the north-west point of the
TABULAR RECORDS.
625
Lake of the Woods. Decision under Article
6, rendered June 18, 1822 ; under Article
7, commissioners did not agree. Settled
by treaty of 1842. American Commissioner,
Petek B. Porter ; British Commissioner, John
Ogilvy, succeeded by Anthony Barclay;
American Agent, Samuel Hawkins, succeeded
by Joseph Delafield ; British Agent, J.
Hale ; Secretary, Stephen Sewell, succeeded
by Donald Frazer ; Assistant Sceretary, Don-
ald Frazer, succeeded by John Bigsby, wlio
was succeeded by Richard Williams.
3. — Under the Convention of October 20, 1818, between
the United States and Great Britain.
Under Article 5, to determine respecting the ob-
ligation to restore slaves under the first article
of the Treaty of Ghent. Referred to the Em-
peror of Russia as arbitrator. Decision, April
22, 1822.
4. — Under the treaty of July 12, 1822, between the
United States, Great Britain, and Russia, to deter-
mine the indemnities due to the United States citizens
in consequence of the award of the Emperor of Rus-
sia in favor of the United States.
A Mixed Commission. Proceedings began
August 25, 1823, terminated summarily, Decem-
ber, 1825, and the question settled by a con-
vention, November 13, 1826. American Com-
missioner, Langdon Cheves ; British Commis-
sioner, George Jackson ; American Arbitrator,
Henry Seawell ; British Arbitrator, John
McTavish.
5. — Under the Convention of September 29, 19)21, be-
tween the United States and Great Britain.
A reference to the King of the Netherlands to de-
termine the disputed north-eastern boundary.
Award, January 10, 1831. Not accepted by
either party.
6. — Under the Convention of April 11, 1839^ between
the United States and Mexico.
Mixed Commission in Washington. Organized
August 17, 1840 ; closed February 25, 1842,
" all the objects contemplated by the conven-
tion" not having "been fully accomplished."
American Commissioners, William L. Marcy,
John Rowan, the latter succeeded by H. M.
Brackenridge ; American Secretary, Alexan-
der Dimitry ; Mexican Commissioners, Pedro
Fernandez del Costillo, Joaquin Velas-
quez DE Leon ; Mexican Secretary, Lucas de
Palacio y Magarola ; Umpire, Baron VoN
ROENNE.
7. — Under the Convention of February 26, 1851, be-
tween the United States and Portugal, relating to the
claims for the destruction of the ship General Arm-
strong.
Referred to the arbitration of the President of
the French Republic (Napoleon IIL). Decision
against United States.
8. — Under the Claims Convention of February 8,
1853, between the United States and Great Brit-
ain.
A Mixed Commission, in London, organized Sep-
tember 15, 1853 ; closed January 15, 1855.
American Commissioner, N. G. Upham ; Brit-
ish Commissioner, Edmund Hornby ; Umpire,
Joshua Bates. [N. B. — Martin Van Buren
was appointed Umpire and declined.] Ameri-
can Agent, Johm Addison Thomas; British
Agent, James Hannen.
9. — Under the Claims Convention of September 10,
1857, between the United States and New Granada.
A Mixed Commission in Washington, organized
June 10, 1861 ; closed, March 9, 1862. Ameri-
can Commissioner, Elias W. Leavenworth ;
New Grenadian Commissioner, Jose Marce-
lino Hurtado ; Umpire, N. G. Upham ;
American Agent for Unrepresented Claimants,
Gilbert Dean ; New Granadian Agent, none ;
Secreta.ry, Charles W. Davis.
10. — Under the Claims Convention of February 10,
1864, between the United States of America and the
United States of Colombia :
Extending time for termination of above Com-
mission (No. 9), and providing for the appoint-
ment of a new Commissioner and Umpire.
Organized, August 24, 1865 ; closed. May 19,
1866. American Commissioner, Thomas Bid-
DLE ; Colombian Commissioner, Eustorjio Sal-
gar ; Umpire, Sir Frederick W. A. Bruce ;
Secretary, Charles W. Davis.
11. — Under the Convention between the United States
and Chili {November 10, 1858), for Arbitration of
Macedonian Claims :
Referred to King of the Belgians. Award, May
15, 1863. in favor of the United States.
12. — Under the Convention between the United States
and Paraguay, of February 4, 1859, /or adjusting
the Claims of the ' ' United States and Paraguay
Navigation Company " ;
A Mixed Commission, in Washington ; organized,
June 22, 1860 ; closed, August 30, 1860. Ameri-
can Commissioner, Cave Johnson ; Paraguay-
an Commissioner, Jose Berges ; Secretary and
Interpreter, Samuel Ward ; Counsel for Ameri-
can Claimant, John Appleton and C. S. Brad-
ley ; Counsel for Paraguay, J. M. Carlisle.
Decision in favor of Paraguay.
13. — Under the Claims Convention of July 2, 1860, be-
tween the United States and Costa Rica :
A Mixed Commission, in Washington ; organized,
February 8, 1862 ; closed, November 6, 1862.
American Commissioner, B. F. Rexford ; Costa
Rican Commissioner, Luis Molina ; Umpire,
Chev. Joseph Bertinatti ; Counsel for Unrep-
resented American Claimants, C. A. Peabody •
Counsel for Costa Rica, J. M. Carlisle.
14. — Under the Claims Convention of November 25, 1862,
between the United States and Ecuador :
A Mixed Commission, in Guyaquil, to adjudicate
upon all claims of citizens of the one State
against the other. Organized, May 17, 1865 ;
closed, August 17, 1865. American Commission-
er, Frederick Hassaurek ; Ecuadorian Com-
missioner, Juan Jose Flores, succeeded by
Francisco Eugenio Tamariz ; Umpire, Al-
ciDES Destruge ; Secretary, Crisanto Me-
dina.
15. — Under the Claims Convention of January 12, 1863,
between the United States and Peru :
A Mixed Commission, in Lima, to adjudicate upon
all claims of citizens of the one State against
the other. Organized, July 17, 1863 ; closed,
November 27, 1863. American Commissioners,
E. George Squier, James S. Mackie ; Peru-
vian Commissioners, Felipe Barriga Alvarez,
Santiago Tavara; Umpire, Pedro Alcan-
tara Herran ; American Agent, Henry R.
de la Reintrie ; Peruvian Agent, Juan Ovie-
DO ; American Secretary, J. Huntington Ly-
man ; Peruvian Secretary, Domingo Rada.
\Q,— Under the Claims Convention of April 25, 1866,.
between the United States and Venezuela :
A Mixed Commission, in Caracas, to adjudicate
upon all claims of citizens of the one State
upon the Government of the other. Organized,
August 30, 1867; closed, August 5, 1868.
American Commissioner, David M. Talmage ;
Venezuelan Commissioner, A. Guzman Blanco,
succeeded by Francisco Conde, who was suc-
ceeded by JosB Gregorio Villafane ; fTvw-
pire, Juan N. Machado, Jr. ; Secretary, Al-
fred ALDERSON. , w ono 7,
ll.— Under the Claims Convention of July 4, 1868, be-
tween the United States and Mexico :
A Mixed Commission, to adjudicate upon all
626
TABULAR RECORDS
claims of citizens of the one State upon the
other arising from injuries to their persons or
properties by the authorities of the other.
Opened, August 1, 1869 ; not yet closed.
American Commissioner, William H. Wads-
worth ; Mexican Commissioner, Francisco Go-
mez Palacio, succeeded by Leon Guzman,
who was succeeded by Manuel Maria de
Zamacona ; Umpire, Francis Lieber ; Mr.
LiEBER dying, the Right Honorable Sir Ed-
ward Thornton was appointed Umpire.
Amsrican Agent, J. Hurley Ashton ; Mexican
Agsnt, Caleb Cushing, succeeded by Manuel
AzPiROZ, who was succeeded by Eleuterio
AviLA ; American Secretary, Randolph Coyle ;
Mexican Secretary, J. Carlos Mexia.
18. — Under the Claims Convention of December 4, 1868,
between the United States and Peru :
A mixed Commission, at Lima, to adjudicate upon
all claims of citizens of the one State upon the
Government of the other. Orgajiized, Septem-
ber 4, 1839; closed, February 26, 1870. American
Commissioner, Michel Vidal ; Peruvian Com-
missioner, Luciano Benjamin Cisneros ; Um-
pires, Frederico Augusto Elmore, Teodoro
Valenzuela ; American Agent, Francisco
Garcia Calderon ; Peruvian Agent, Jose
Simeon Tejeda ; Secretary, Luis L. de
Arze.
19. — Under a Protocol signed at Lisbon in the English
and Portuguese Languages, January 17, 1869 :
Reference to the President of the United States,
as Arbitrator, of tlie respective claims of Her
Britannic Majesty's Government and of the
Government of His Majesty the King of Portu-
gal, to the Island of Bulama, on the western
coast of Africa, and to a certain portion of ter-
ritory opposite to that island, on the mainland.
Under the sixth arf.cle of the Protocol, J. C.
Bancroi?"T Davis was named, by the President,
as the person by whom he would proceed with
the Arbitration. Award, dated April 21, 1870,
in favor of Portugal.
20. — Under the Protocol of Conference held at Rio de
Janeiro, 1870, between the Minister of tlie United
States and the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of Brazil :
Reference of the claims for the loss of the whale-
ship Canada, to Sir Edward Thornton, as
Arbitrator. Decision rendered, July 11, 1870,
in favor of the United States.
21. — Under tlie Agreement of Fdiruary 12, 1871, be-
tween the United States and Spain :
A mixed Commission, at Washington, to adjudi-
cate ^^pon claims of citizens of the United
States against Spain for wrongs and injuries to
persons or property committed by Spanish au-
thorities in Cuba, or the maritime jurisdiction
thereof, since the commencement of the insur-
rection.^ Opened, May 31, 1871 ; not yet closed.
American Arbitrator, William T, Otto ; Span-
ish Arbitrator, Luis de Podestad ; TTmpire,
Baron Lederer ; United States Advocate,
Thomas J. Durant ; Spanish Advocate, J.
Mandeville Carlisle ; Secretary, George 0.
Moore, succeeded by George A. Matile.
22. — The United States, having tendered mediation to
the belligerent powers of Spain, on the one
part, and of the allied Republics of Bolivia,
Chili, Ecuador, and Peru, on the other, numer-
ous Conferences were held by the Representa-
tives of the mediating and of the belligerent
Powers, which resulted in an indefinite Armis-
tice, concluded at Washington, on the 11th of
April, 1871, and signed by Hamilton Fish,
Secretary of State, on behalf of the United
States ; by INIauricio Lopez Roberts, on be-
half of Spain ; by Manuel Fretre, on behalf
of Peru ; by Joaquin Godoy, on behalf of
Chili ; by Antonio Flores, on behalf of Ecua-
dor; and by Manuel Freyre, on behalf of
Bolivia ; which Armistice, by its terms, cannot
be broken by any of the belligerents except
after three years' notification to the other,
through the Government of the United States,
of its intention to renew hostilities.
2'^.— Under the Treaty of May 8, 1871, between the
United States and Great Britain, for the settlement of
differences :
{a) Tribunal of Arbitration, at Geneva, to deter-
mine upon the liability of Great Britain for the
injuries growing out of the acts of the insurgent
cruisers (Alabama Claims). Opened, December
15, 1871 ; closed, September 14, 1872. Arbi-
trator on the part of the United States, Charles
Francis Adams ; Arbitrator on the part of
Great Britain, Sir Alexander Cockburn ;
Arbitrator named by the King of Ltaly, Count
Frederick Sclopis ; Arbitrator named by the
President of the Swiss Confederation, Jacques
STiEMPFivi ; Ai'litrator named by the Emperor
of Brazil, Viscount D'Itajuba ; Agent of the
United States, J. C. Bancroft Davis ; Agent of
Great Britain, Lord Tenterden ; United States
Counsel, Caleb Cushing, William M. Evarts,
Morrison R. Waite ; British Counsel, Sir
RouNDELL Palmer ; Secretary, Alexander
Favrot.
(&) Reference of the disputed Northwestern Water-
Boundary to the Emperor of Germany, as Arbi-
trator. Decision rendered, October 21, 1872, in
favor of the United States. Agent of the United
States, George Bancroft ; Agent of Great
Britain, Rear-Admiral James Prevost.
(c) Mixed Claims Commission, at Washington, to
adjudicate upon claims of citizens or subjects
of the one State against the Government of the
other, arising out of acts committed against
persons or property between April 17, 18G1, and
April 9, 1865. Opened, September 26, 1871 ;
closed, September 25, 1873. American Com-
missioner, James Somerville Frazer ; British
Commissioner, Russell Gltiney ; Third Com-
missioner, Count CoRTi ; United States Agent,
Robert S. Hale ; British Agent, Henry How-
ard , British Counsel, J. M. Carlisle ; Secre-
tary, Tho:mas C. Cox.
24. — Claim of the Earl of Dundonald, a subject of
Great Britain, against the Government of Bra-
zil. United States and Italian Ministers at Rio
Janeiro appointed Arbitrators, with power to
name a third Arbitrator, if they should dis-
agree. James R. Partridge, and Baron Cav-
ALCHINI, the respective Envoys of the United
States and Italy referred to, rendered their
decision on the 6th of October, 1873, awarding
£38,675 to the claimant.
TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS.
1778. February 6 France Alliance.
February 6 France .Amity and Commerce.
February 6 France Act separate and secret.
1783. July 16 France Payment of Loan.
October 8 Netherlands Amity and Commerce.
TABULAR RECORDS. 627
1782. October 8 Netherlands Recaptured Vessels.
November 30. . .Great Britain Provisional Articles preliminary to Peace.
November 30 . . . Great Britain Separate Article.
1783. January 20 Great Britain Armistice.
February 25. . . .France New Loan.
April 3 Sweden Amity and Commerce.
April 3 Sweden Separate Articles.
September 3. , . .Great Britain Peace.
1785. July 9 and 28.)
August 5, and >• Prussia Amity and Commerce.
September 10 )
1787. January Morocco Peace and Friendship.
January Morocco Additional Articles.
1788. November 14. . . . France Consuls.
1794. November 19... .Great Britain Peace, Amity, Commerce, Navigation,
Boundary Claims, Extradition.
November 19 Great Britain (Additional Article). Suspending part of
12th Article.
1795. September 5 Alcriers Peace and Amity.
October 27 Spain Friendship, Limits, and Navigation.
1796. May 4 Great Britain Article explanatory of 3d Article of Treaty
of 1794.
November 4. . . .Tripoli Peace, Friendship, Navigation, etc.
1797. August Tunis Peace, Friendship, Navigation, etc.
1798. March 15 Great Britain Article explanatory of 5th Article of Treaty
of 1794.
1799. July 11 Prussia Amity and Commerce.
1800. September 30. . . France .Peace, Commerce, Navigation, Fisheries, etc,
1802. January 8 Great Britain Addition Convention to Treaty of 1794.
August 11 Spain .Indemnity.
1803. April 30 France Cession of Louisiana.
April 30 France Payment of 60,000,000 francs by the U. S.
April 30 France Claims against France to be paid.
1805. June 4 Tripoli Peace, Friendship, Navigation, etc.
1814. December 24. . . .Great Britain Peace, Boundary, Slave-Trade.
1815. July 3 Great Britain Commerce, Duties, Consuls.
June 30, July 6.. Algiers .... Peace and Amity.
November 24... .Great Britain Declaration relative to St. Helena as resi-
dence of Bonaparte.
1816. September 4. . . .Sweden Amity and Commerce.
December 22, 23. Algiers Peace and Amity.
1817. April 28 Great Britain Arrangements for Armed Vessels on the
Lakes.
November 24 Great Britain Declaration of Commissioners Respecting
Boundary.
November 24... .Great Britain Decision of Commissioners Respecting
Boundary.
1818. October 20 Great Britain Fisheries. Boundary, Slaves.
1819. February 22. . . .Spain Peace, Cession of Florida, Limits, Claims,
Commerce.
1822. June 18 Great Britain ..Decision of Commissioners Respecting
Boundary.
June 24 France. Duties, Consuls
June 24 France Separate Article.
July 12 Great Britain Differences Referred to Emperor of Russia.
1824. February 24 Tunis Altered Articles of Peace, Friendship, and
Navigation.
April 5-17 Russia Navigation, Fishing, etc., in Pacific Ocean.
October 3 Colombia Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.
1825. December 5 Central America Commerce and Navigation.
1826. April 26 Denmark Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.
November 13. . .Great Britain Indemnity under Treaty of Ghent.
1827. July 4 Sweden and Norway Commerce and Navigation.
July 4 Sweden and Norway Separate Article.
August 6 Great Britain Boundary.
August 6 Great Britain Renewal of Commercial Conventions.
September 29. . .Great Britain Boundary ; Differences to be Referred to an
Arbiter.
December 20. . . .Hanseatic Republics Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.
1828. January 12 Mexico Boundary.
May 1 Prussia Commerce and Navigation.
June 4 Hanseatic Republics Additional Article to Convention of 1827.
December 12 Brazil Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.
1829. August 27 Austria Commerce and Navigation.
1830. March 28 Denmark Indemnity, Claims.
May 7 Ottoman Porte Friendship and Commerce.
1831. April 5 Mexico Additional Article to Treaty of 1828.
April 5 Mexico Amity, Commerce, and Navigation.
628 TABULAR RECORDS
1831. April 5 Mexico Additional Article to Treaty of 1831.
July 4 France Claims ; Duties on Wines and Cottons.
1832. May 16 Chili Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.
October 14 Two Sicilies Indemnity.
December 6-18. .Russia Commerce and Navigation.
December 6-18. . Russia Separate Article ; Certain Stipulations with
other Powers not to be Invoked.
1833. March 20 Siam Amity and Commerce.
September 1. . . .Chili Explanatory of Treaty of 1832.
September 21 . . . Muscat Amity and Commerce.
1834. February 17. . . .Spain Indemnity.
1835. April 3 Mexico Second Additional Article to Treaty of 1828.
1836. January 20 Venezuela Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.
September 16. . .Morocco Commerce, Prisoners, etc.
November 30... .Peru-Bolivia Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.
1837. December 10-22. Greece Commerce and Navigation.
1838. April 11 Texas Indemnity tor hrigs Pocket and Durango, etc
April 25 Texas Boundary.
November 26.. . . Sardinia Commerce, Navigation, etc.
November 26 Sardinia Separate Article ; Differential Duties in cer-
tain cases.
1839. January 19 Netherlands Commerce and Navigation.
April 11 Mexico Claims.
June 13 Ecuador Friendship, Navigation, and Commerce.
1840. May 20. Hanover Commerce, Navigation, etc.
August 26 Portugal Commerce and Navigation.
1841. March 17 Peru Claims.
1842. August 9 Great Britain Boundary, Slave-trade, Extradition.
1843. January 30 Mexico Payment of Awards to Claimants.
November 9 France Extradition.
1844. March 26 Hesse Abolition of Droit d'Aubaine and Taxes on
Emigration.
April 10 WUrtemberg Abolition of Droit d'Aubaine and Taxes on
Emigration.
July 3 China Peace, Amity, and Commerce.
1845. January 21 Bavaria Abolition of Droit d'Aubaine and Taxes on
Emigration.
February 24. . . .France .Extradition (Additional Article to Conven-
tion of November 9, 1843).
May 14 Saxony Abolition of Droit d'Aubaine and Taxes of
Emigration.
November 10. . .Belgium Commerce and Navigation.
December 1 Two Sicilies Commerce and Navigation.
1846. May 27 Nassau Abolition of Droit d'Aubaine and Taxes on
Emigration.
June 10 Hanover Commerce, Navigation, etc.
June 15 Great Britain Boundary west of Rocky Mountains.
December 12. . . . New Granada Amity, Commerce, and Navigation.
December 12. . . . New Granada Additional Article, defining National Ships.
1847. March 10 Oldenburg (Accession.) Commerce and Navigation.
May 18 Swiss Confederation Abolition of Droit d'Aubaine and Taxes on
Emigration.
December 9 Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Accession.) Commerce, Navigation, etc.
1848. February 2 Mexico Peace, Friendship, Limits, Claims, etc.
May 8 Austria Disposal of Property, Consuls, etc.
1849. January 27 Brazil Claims.
March 3 Guatemala Amity, Commerce, Navigation, etc.
December 20. . . .Hawaiian Islands Commerce, Navigation, Extradition, etc.
1850. January 2 San Salvador Amity, Navigation, Commerce, etc.
April 19 Great Britain Ship Canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
May 4 New Granada Consuls.
June 23 Borneo Peace and Amity ; Consular Jurisdiction.
November 25. . . .Swiss Confederation Friendship, Commerce, Extradition, etc.
December 9 Great Britain Protocol Ceding Horseshoe Reef.
1851. February 26. . . .Portugal Certain Claims to be referred to an Arbiter.
July 10 Costa Rica Amity, Commerce, and Navigation.
July 26 Peru Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.
1852. April 30 Hanseatic Republics Consular Jurisdiction.
June 16 , Prussia and other States Extradition.
August 26 Netherlands Supplemental to Treaty of 1839.
November 16. . ..Prussia and other States (Additional Article.) Extradition.
1853. February 8 Great Britain Claims.
February 23. . . .France Rights, etc., of Consuls.
Ju]y 10 Argentine Confederation Free Navigation of Rivers Parana and Urii«
guay.
July 27 Argentine Confederation Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.
September 6. .. .Bremen .Extradition (Accession).
September 12. . . Bavaria Extradition.
TABULAR RECORDS. , 629
1853. October 13 Wartemberg Extradition (Accession).
November 26. . .Mecklenburg-Schwerin Extradition (Accession).
December 2 Mecklenburg-Strelitz Extradition (Accession),
December 30 Oldenburg Extradition (Accession).
December 30 Mexico Boundary, Road Across Tehuantepec, etc.
1854. March 31 Japan Peace and Amity ; Opening of Ports of Si-
moda and Hakodadi.
June 5 Great Britain Reciprocity of Trade and Fisheries with
British Possessions in North America.
June 7 Schaumburg-Lippe Extradition (Accession).
July 11 Lew Chew Friendship and Commerce.
July 17 Great Britain (Additional Convention.) Claims.
July 22 Russia Rights of Neutrals at Sea.
August 21 Brunswick and Luneburg Disposal of Property.
1855. January 13 Two Sicilies Rights of Neutrals at Sea.
January 18 Hanover Extradition.
January 22 Netherlands American Consuls in Dutch Colonies.
October 1 Two Sicilies Commerce, Navigation, Extradition, etc.
1856. May 29 Siam Amity and Commerce.
July 3 Austria .Extradition.
July 22 Peru Rights of Neutrals at Sea.
December 13. ...Persia Friendship and Commerce.
1857. January 30 Baden Extradition.
April 11 Denmark Sound and Belt Dues.
June 17 Japan Opening of Nagasaki ; Coin, Consuls, etc.
July 4 Peru Of Interpretation of Article 12 of Treaty of
1851.
September 10. . .New Granada Claims.
1858. February 10 France (Additional Article.) Extradition.
May 13 Bolivia Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.
June 18 China, Peace, Amity, and Commerce.
July 17 Belgium Commerce and Navigation.
July 29 Japan Amity and Commerce.
November 8 . . . .China. Regulation of Trade,
November 8 . . . .China Claims.
November 10. . . Chili Arbitration of the Macedonian Claims.
1859. January 14 Venezuela Aves Island Claims.
February 4 Paraguay United States and Paraguay Navigation Com-
pany.
February 4 Paraguay Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.
1860. March 21 Sweden and Norway Extradition.
July 2.. Costa Rica Claims.
August 27 Venezuela Commerce, Navigation, Extradition, etc.
1861. July 11 Denmark Additional Articles to Convention of 1826.
November 6. . . .Hanover Abolition of Stadt or Brunshausen Dues.
December 11. ...Mexico Extradition.
1862. February 25 Ottoman Empire Commerce and Navigation.
April 7 Great Britain Suppression of Slave Trade.
October 21 Liberia Commerce and Navigation.
November 25.. ..Ecuador Claims.
December 20 Peru " Lizzie Thompson" and " Georgiana."
1863. January 12 Peru Claims.
February 17 Great Britain (Additional Article.) Suppression of Slave
Trade.
May 20 Belgium Import Duties and Capitalization of Scheldt
Dues.
July 1 Great Britain Claims of Hudson's Bay and Puget Sound
Agricultural Companies.
July 20 Belgium Extinguishment of Scheldt Dues.
1864. January 28 Japan Reduction of Duties.
February 10. . . .Colombia Claims.
July 4 Honduras Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.
October 22 Japan Indemnity.
November 3 Hayti Commerce, Navigation, Extradition, etc.
1865. May 31 Morocco ^ Light-House at Cape Spartel.
1866. April 25 Venezuela Claims.
1867. February 8 Dominican Republic Amity, Commerce, Navigation, Extradition.
February 14. . . .Madagascar Commerce, Rights of Citizens, Consular Ju-
risdiction, etc.
March 30 Russia Cession of Russian Possessions in North
America to the United States.
June 21 Nicaragua Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation.
December 17-31. Siam (Modification.)
1868. January 27 Russia (Additional Article.) Trade Marks.
February 8 Italy Rights, etc.. of Consuls.
February 22. . . .North German Union Naturalization.
March 23 Italy Extradition.
May 26 Bavaria Naturalization.
630 TABULARRECORDS
1868. July 4 Mexico Claims.
July 10 Mexico Naturalization.
July 19 Baden Naturalization,
July 27 Wlirtemberg Naturalization ; Extradition.
July 28 China (Additional Articles.) Amity, Commerce and
Navigation.
August 1 Hesse Naturalization.
November 16 . . . Belgium . . , Naturalization.
December 4 Peru Claims.
December 5 . . . .Belgium ^ Rights, etc., of Consuls.
December 20. . . . Belgium (Additional Article.) Trade-marks.
1869. January 21 Italy (Additional Article.) Consuls.
January 21 Italy (Additional Article.) Extradition.
April 16 France Trade-marks.
May 26 Sweden and Norway Naturalization.
1870. May 13 Great Britain Naturalization.
May 23 Salvador Extradition.
June 3 Great Britain Slave-Trade ; Mixed Courts.
June 25 Nicaragua Extradition.
July 11 Austria-Hungary Rights, etc., of Consuls.
September 20. , . Austria-Hungary Naturalization.
December 6 . . . .Salvador Amity, Commerce, and Consular Privileges.
1871. February 12 . . . .Spain Certain Claims for wrongs in Cuba.
February 28. . . .Great Britain Renunciation of Naturalization.
February 26. . . .Italy Commerce and Navigation.
\ n -11 j Spain, on the one part, and Bolivia, [ Armistice, on Mediation of the United
^^ i Chili, Ecuador, and Peru, on the other j States.
April 19 Mexico (Additional Convention.) Claims.
May 8 Great Britain Amicable Settlement of all Causes of Differ-
ence.
November 25 . . . Austria-Hungary Trade-marks.
December 11 . . . German Empire Consuls and Trade-marks.
December 22 . . .Orange Free State Friendship, Commerce, and Extradition.
1872. May 6 Ecuador Naturalization.
June 28 Ecuador Extradition.
July 20 Denmark Naturalization.
November 27. . .Mexico (Additional Convention.) Claims.
1873. January 18 Great Britain Relative to places for holding Sessions of
the Commissioners under the 12th Article
of the Treaty of May 8, 1871.
March 10 Great Britain Definition of the Northwest Boundary Line.
May 12 Salvador Extending time for Exchange of Ratifica-
tions of Extradition Convention.
May 12 Salvador Extending time for Exchange of Ratifica-
tions of Treaty of Amity, Commerce, etc.
June 7 Great Britain Protocol respecting the time at which Arti-
cles 18 to 25, and Article 30 of the Treaty
of May 8, 1871, respecting Fisheries, shall
take effect.
August 6 Japan Postal Convention.
November 20. . . Spain Protocol relating to the Capture and Restor-
ation of the Steamer Virginius.
November 24. . .Ecuador Naturalization.
November 28 . . . German Empire Postal Cards.
December 24 . . . Ecuador Extradition.
1874. March 4 Salvador. Extradition,
March 4 Salvador Extending Time.
March 13 Salvador Ami ty and Commerce.
March 13 Salvador Extending Time.
March 16 Russia Trade-marks.
April 21 Belgium , Extradition.
April 28 Switzerland Postal Cards.
May 1 France , Postal Convention.
July 27 Peru Friendship, Commerce and Navigation.
July 27 Peru Extradition.
September 14. . . Netherlands New Postal Provisions.
September 30. . . Denmark Modifying Postal Treaty.
December 21 . . .Mexico Duration of Joint Commission.
1875. January 1 ...... . Canada Postal Arrangement.
April 26 Japan Postal Agreement.
April 27 Ottoman Empire Extradition.
June 3 Hawaiian Islands Commercial Reciprocity.
June 11 Belgium Commerce and Navigation.
TABULAR RECORDS
631
EULERS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
The following is a list of the Rulers of Foreign
Countries, with most of whom the United States was
holding intercourse at the commencement of the year
1876:
Argentine Republic. — President, Senor Avella-
NEDA. Elected 1874.
Austro-Hungarian Empire. — Reigning Sovereign,
Francis Joseph. Succeeded 1848.
Bavaria. — King, Louis II. Succeeded 1864.
Belgium. — King, Leopold II. Succeeded 1865.
Bolivia, Eepuhlic of. — President, Don Adolpho Bal-
LiviARi. Proclaimed 1872.
Borneo. — Sultan, Abdul Mumein.
Brazil. — Emperor, Don Pedro II. Succeeded
1831.
British Empire. — Queen, Victoria. Succeeded
1837. Many possessions.
Chili, RepuUic of. — President, Don Frederico Er-
RAZURiz. Elected 1871.
China. — Emperor, Tsaeteen. Succeeded 1875.
Colombia, United States of. — President, Don San-
tiago Perez.
Benmark. — King, Christian IX. Succeeded
1863.
Ecuador, Republic of. — President — Not known.
Egypt. — Sovereign, Ismail Pasha. Succeeded
1863.
France. — President, Marshal Marie Edine Pa-
trice Maurice de MacMahon. Appointed by As-
sembly 1873.
German Empire. — Emperor, William (King of
Prussia). Succeeded 1861. Many possessions.
Greece. — King, George I. Elected 1863.
Ilaicaiian Islands. — King, David Kalakaua.
Elected 1874.
Hayti, Republic of. — President, Greneral Michel
Domingue. Elected 1874.
Italy. — King, Victor Emmanuel II. Chosen 1861.
Japan, the Empire of. — Mikado, Mutsuhito. Suc-
ceeded to the throne 1867.
Liberia, RepuUic of. — President, J. J. Roberts.
Re-elected 1874.
Madagascar. Queen, Ranovalomanjaka II. Suc-
ceeded 1868.
Mexico, Republic of. — President, Senor Lerdo de
Tejada. Elected 1872.
Morocco, Empire of. — Sultan, Mulai Hassan. Suc-
ceeded 1873.
Muscat, or Province of Oman. Sovereign, Seyted
Toorkee bin Said.
Navigator and Friendly Islands. — Hereditary
Chiefs.
Netherlands or Holland.— King, William III. Suc-
ceeded 1849.
Orange Free >S'to^6.— President, J. H. Brand.
Paraguay, Republic of. — President, John B. Gill.
Elected 1874.
Persm. — Sovereign, Shar Ni sser ed Deen. Suc-
ceeded 1848.
Peru, Republic of. — President, Senor Manuel
Pardo.
Portugal. — King, Dom Luis I. Succeeded 1861.
Prussia. — See German Empire.
Russia. — Emperor, Alexander II. Succeeded
1855. Many possessions.
Saxony. — King, Albert. Succeeded 1873.
Siam. — Two Kings — Somdet PrabatPara Mandr
Chulalonkorn and Kromamum Bawarawichai
Chau.
South African RepuUic. — State President, Thomas
Burgers.
Spain. — King, Alphonso XII. Proclaimed 1874.
With possessions.
Sweden and Norway. — King, Oscar II. Succeeded
1872.
Switzerland, RepuUic of. — President, M. Scherer.
Turkey, or Ottoman Empire. — Sultan, Abdul Aziz.
Succeeded 1861. Many possessions in Europe, Asia,
and Africa.
Uruguay. — President, Don Jose Ellauri.
Venezuela, Republic of — President, General A.
Guzman Blanco.
Wurtemburg. — King, Charles. Succeeded 1864.
Zanzibar- — Sultan, Sayyid Barghash bin Sa'eed.
OFFICIALS OF THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION.
president.
Joseph R. Hawley.
vice presidents.
Orestes Cleveland, Thomas H. Coldwell,
John D. Creigh, John McNeil,
Robert Lowry, William Gurney.
director-general.
Alfred T. Goshorn.
secretary.
John L. Campbell.
ASSISTANT secretaries.
Myer Asch,
DoRSEY Gardner.
counselor and solicitor.
John L. Shoemaker, Esq.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Daniel J. Morrell, Chairman.
Alfred T. Goshorn, Samuel F. Phillips,
K. M. Beckwith, George B, Loring,
Alexander R. Boteler, Frederick L. Matthews,
Richard C. McCormick, Wm. Phipps Blake,
John Lynch, James E. Dexter,
Charles P. Kimball, J. T. Bernard.
J. R. Hawley, Pres., ex officio.
CHIEFS OF BUREAUS.
Foreign : Director-General, Myer Asch.
Installation : Henry Pettit.
Transportation : Dolphus Torrey.
Machinery: JohnS. Albert.
Agriculture : Burnet Landreth.
Horticulture : Charles H. Miller.
Fine Arts : John Sartain.
Medical: William Pepper, M.D.
Awards: Charles J. Stille, LL.D.
U. S. GOVERNMENT BOARD.
war department — ordnance bureau.
Col. S. C. Lyford, Chairman.
treasury department.
Hon. R. W. Tayler.
1st Controller of the Treasury.
NAYY department.
Admiral Thornton A. Jenkins,
U.S. Navy.
interior department.
Hon. John Eaton,
Commissioner of Education,
632
TABULAR RECORDS
post office department.
Dr. Chas. F. McDonald,
Chief of Money Order Department.
agricultural department.
Wm. Saunders,
Superintendent of Propagating Garden.
smithsonian institution.
Prop. S. F. Baird,
Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and
U. S. Fishery Commissioner.
Wm. a. DeCaindry, Secretary.
CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE.
president.
John Welsh, Philadelphia.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
WiLiiiAM Sellers, Philadelphia.
John S. Barbour, Virginia.
DIRECTORS.
Samuel M. Felton, Philadelphia.
Daniel M. Fox, Philadelphia.
Thomas Cochran, Philadelphia.
Clement M. Biddle, Philadelphia.
N. Parker Shortridge, Philadelphia.
James M. Robb, Philadelphia.
Edward T. Steel, Philadelphia.
John Wanamaker, Philadelphia.
John Price Wetherill, Philadelphia.
Henry Winsor, Philadelphia.
Wm. L. Strong, New York
Amos R. Little, Philadelphia.
John Batrd, Philadelphia.
Thomas H. Dudley, New Jersey.
A. S. Hewitt, New York.
John Cummings, Massachusetts.
John Gorman, Rhode Island.
Charles W. Cooper, Pennsylvania.
William Bigler, Pennsylvania.
Robert M. Patton, Alabama.
J. B, Drake, Illinois.
George Bain, Missouri.
secretary and treasurer.
Frederick Fraley, Philadelphia.
financial agent.
William Bigler.
AUDITOR.
Henry S. Lansing.
PARTICIPATION OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS.
By an act of Congress, approved June, 1874, the
President was requested, in the name of the United
States, to extend to all foreign governments a respect-
ful and cordial invitation to be represented and take
part in the International Exhibition ; in compliance
with which, such an invitation was extended through
the Department of State, the diplomatic representa-
tives, and, in some cases, consular representatives of
the United States, having been instructed to convey
such invitations to the several governments on the
30th of June, 1874. The governments which formally
accepted and appointed commissions to superintend
the exhibitions of their citizens are the following ;
Argentine Confederation,
Austria-Hungary,
Belgium,
Bolivia,
Brazil,
Chili,
China,
Denmark,
Ecuador,
Egypt,
France and Algeria,
Germany,
Great Britain, with Aus-
tralia and Canada,
Guatemala and Salvador,
Hawaii,
Hayti,
Honduras,
Italy,
Japan,
Liberia,
Mexico,
Netherlands,
Nicaragua,
Norway,
Orange Free State,
Persia,
Peru,
Portugal,
Russia,
Siam,
Spain,
Sweden,
Tunis,
Turkey,
U. S. of Colombia,
Venezuela.
ADDITIONAL FACTS.
The subjoined facts did not reach tlie Compiler
until after he had finished reading the proofs of this
volume, and they are inserted in tliis place, as the
best thing he could do under the circumstances, to
secure completeness in his records :
Allen f Thomas, — He was elected in 1837 Public
Printer for the National House of Representatives.
Andrews f Israel 2>. — He was a native of
Maine ; received a good education; served for sev-
eral years as a Consul of the United States, in New
Brunswick and Canada ; and as a Special Commis-
sioner of the United States he prepared a valuable
work on the Commerce of the British- American Col-
onies and the Great Lakes, which was published by
the Government in 1853. Died in Washington City.
Austinf Horace. — He was born in Connecticut
in 1831 ; received an academical education, and
taught school ; removed to Maine, and there studied
law ; in 1856 lie removed to Minnesota, where he
practiced his profession ; served as a Captain, under
General Sibley, against the Indians in 1863 ; in 1864
he was elected a District Judge ; in 1869 he was
elected Governor of Minnesota, and re-elected for a
second term ; and on account of his health he retired
to private life, where he remained until 1876, when
he was appointed Third Auditor of the Treasury in
Washington.
JBaheockf O, E, — Although an officer of the
army, much of his public life was devoted to Civil
Service. He was born in Vermont ; graduated at
West Point in 1861 ; served as an Engineer at Wash-
ington and Harper's Ferry, in Virginia, and Kentucky;
was made a Major in 1864, and became an Aid-de-
Camp to General Grant, with whom he remained
through the Peninsular Campaign ; on the election of
General Grant to the Presidency, Major Babcock was
designated his Private Secretary ; and contrary to
former usage was made Commissioner of Public
Grounds, and also Engineer and Surveyor for the
District of Columbia, having attained the rank of
Colonel and Brigadier-General by brevet. In Janu-
ary, 1876, he was indicted by the Grand Jury of St.
Louis for complicity in certain revenue frauds, and
although he demanded a military trial, he came to a
civil trial in February, when the President testified
in his behalf by deposition, and he was acquitted.
This trial was unique in the history of the United
States, and attracted universal attention, and the re-
sult was hailed with great gratification by the whole
country.
Seckf tTames S. — In January, 1876, he was
elected a Senator in Congress, for the term commen-
cing in 1877, and ending in 1883.
SillingSf Edward C, — He was appointed in
January, 1876, a Judge of the United States Court
for the District of Louisiana, in the place of Durell,
superseded.
JBlair, Jacob J5. — In j;anuary, 1876, he was ap-
pointed an Associate Justice of the United States
Court for the Territory of Wyoming.
SolleSf tTohn A. — He was born in Connecticut,
and in 1865 he was appointed, from Massachusetts,
Solicitor for the Navy Department.
JSoftSf John M» — He published a Secret History
of the Great Rebellion ; and died in Richmond, Vir-
ginia, January 8, 1869.
Brewster f David JP, — Died at Oswego, New
York, February 21, 1876.
Bristol, Warren, — In February, 1876, he was
appointed an Associate Justice of the United States
Court for the Territory of New Mexico.
Chesley, Charles, — He was bom in New Hamp-
shire, and in 1871 he was appointed Solicitor for the
Internal Revenue Department.
Clenison, Thomas G, — He was born in Penn
sylvania ; received a superior education, and devoted
himself to the study of chemistry ; was Charge
d' Affaires to Belgium from 1844 to 1851 ; subsequent-
ly resided in Maryland, near Washington, but hav-
ing married a daughter of John C. Calhoun, became
a resident of South Carolina.
Coohe, Thomas Burrage, — He was born in
Northford, Connecticut, in 1780 ; prepared himself to
enter Yale College, but ill-health prevented his en-
trance ; removed to Catskill, New York, about the
beginning of the century ; studied law, and became
a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; was a Repre-
sentative in Congress from New York from 1811 to
1813 ; was an intimate friend of De Witt Clinton, and
served in the New York Legislature in 1838 and 1839 ;
was for many years President of the Catskill Bank,
and was one of the earliest projectors of railroads in
this country. When in Congress, he made a large
and valuable collection of papers and documents,
which were destroyed when the Capitol was burned.
In spellmg his name he added the letter E ; died in
Catskill.
Eastman^ Seth, — Born in Brunswick, Maine,
January 24, 1808 ; graduated at West Point in 1839 ;
was made a Captain in 1839 ; Major of Infantry in
1856 ; Lieutenant-Colonel in 1861 ; and Brigadier-
General in 1866. From 1833 to 1840 he was a teacher
of drawing at the West Point Academy ; served with
credit in the Florida War, and on the Western fron-
tier ; was the author of a work on Topographical
Drawing, and was employed by the Government to
illustrate the " History, Condition, and Future Pros-
pects of the Indian Tribes," edited by H. R. School-
craft, which duty he performed with skill and rare
judgment. He excelled in several branches of the fine
arts, and, after being retired from the army, he was
employed as an artist and adviser in decorating the
National Capitol. He was a man of great refinement
and culture, and universally esteemed for his high
character. Died in Washington in 1875.
Edwards, Thomas O.— He died in Wheeling,
West Virginia, in February, 1876. He was in Con-
gress with John Quincy Adams, whom he supported
in his arms at the time of the venerable statesman's
fatal attack of illnesss.
Fisher, Joseph W,—ln February, 1876, he was
appointed Chief Justice of the United States Court
for the Territory of Wyoming.
Fuller, Thomas J, X).— He died near Upper-
ville, Virginia, February 13, 1876.
634
ADDITIONAL FACTS
Gillf Charles H, — In February, 1876, lie was
appointed Commissioner of Pensions in the Interior
Department. He was a citizen of Wisconsin, and re-
sided at Madison, where he practiced the profession
of law, and held several public positions.
JlaydeUf Ferdinand V, — Born in Westfield,
Massachusetts, September 7, 1829; graduated at Ob-
erliu College in 1850, and the Albany Medical College
in 1853; for several years thereafter he made Geolog-
ical Explorations in Dakota and on the head waters
of the Missouri River; his collections attracted atten-
tion, and he was appointed a Government Geologist;
as a Medical officer he served in the Army from 1861
to 1865, and attained the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel;
in the latter year he was appointed Professor of Ge-
ology, etc., in the University of Pennsylvania; in 1866
lie made a second expedition to the Upper Missouri;
in 1867 he organized the Geological Surveys for the
Territories of the United States; and up to the year
1874 he had published eight Reports of Territorial
Explorations. He has been a frequent contributor to
the American Journal of Science, and to the Reports
of the Smithsonian Institution, and is a member of
many learned Societies in America and Europe.
Herring, Elbert, — He died in New York, Feb-
ruary 17, 1876, in the ninety-ninth year of his age.
Hogg, Samuel, — He was the son of Thomas
Hogg, a major in the Revolutionary War, and born
in Halifax, North Carolina, April 18,1783; studied
medicine, and practice.! the profession in Tennessee ;
served as a Surgeon in the Army during the Creek
War, and was with General Jackson at New Orleans,
where he acquitted himself with great credit in the
hospitals ; was elected to the State Legislature, and
was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1819,
and declined a re-election. In 1828 he settled in
Nashville, where he practiced his profession until his
death, excepting two years which he spent in Missis-
sippi for his health. He was President of the Medi-
cal Society of Tennessee, and received honorary de-
grees from the Universities of Maryland and Penn-
sylvania. Died at Nashville, May 28, 1842. It was
the mother of Dr. Hogg, who, when Tarlton sneer-
ingly said that he would like to see the Col. Wash-
inyrton of whom he had heard so much, replied :
" You would have had that pleasure if you had only
taken the time to look behind you in your flight from
the battle of Cowpens."
tfohnsonf II, C, — He was a citizen of Pennsyl-
vania, and was appointed Commissioner of Customs
to succeed William T. Haines.
JohnsoUf JReverdy, — In the latter part of 1875,
notwithstanding his advanced age, he made a profes-
sional visit to England ; and on February 10, 1876,
while visiting Annapolis, his native town, he was
found dead near the threshold of the Governor's
mansion, where he had been dining with a few
friends. He was not feeling well, and had left the
table for a few moments to obtain a little fresh air,
when, at a moment when no one was near, he fell to
the earth, as was supposed, and immediately expired.
Laurance, John, — The name of this Senator
is erroneously printed Lawrence in the preceding
pages.
LocJcwoodf H, H, — He was born in Delaware ;
graduated at West Point in 1832; served in the Flor-
ida War, and resigned in 1837; in 1841 he entered the
Navy as Professor of Mathematics; served with T.
A. C. Jones on the Pacific, and was at the taking of
Monterey in 1847; was subsequently stationed at the
Annapolis Academy as Professor of Philosophy and
Astronomy; volunteered to serve in the Army during
the Rebellion, and commanded a brigade at Gettys-
burg, where he distinguished himself; after the war
he returned to the Naval Academy, and was subse-
quently assigned to duty as a Professor at the Naval
Observatory
Orthf Godlove S, — In February, 1876, he was
nominated by his party for the Governorship of In-
diana, and soon afterwards resigned his position as
Minister to Austria.
Peck, Iittther C — He was educated for the
legal profession, and attained a high position therein
before entering Congress as a Representative, and he
died at Nunda, New York, February 5, 1876.
Porter, J, DeForest, — In February, 1876, he
was appointed an Associate Justice of the United
States Court for the Territory of Arizona.
Foivell, tT, W, — Born at Mount Morris, New
York, in 1834 ; graduated at the Illinois Wesleyan
University ; served as a Lieutenant of Volunteers in
the War for the Union and lost his right arm at
Shiloh ; made a Major in 1864 ; after the war was
made professor of Natural History and Geology in the
Wesleyan University ; in 1869 made some highly im-
portant discoveries in the Territory of Colorado and
published various reports of great interest ; in 1870
was made Chief of the Colorado Exploring Expedition,
spending the following year in the far west ; and in
1873 be was appointed Geologist of the Geographical
Surveys of the Territories. When not in the field
his residence is Washington City, where he is highly
appreciated for his contributions to science.
Ragmondf Hossiter W, — He was a citizen of
New York, and having received the appointment of
United States Commissioner of Mining Statistics,
published valuable reports on the Minerals of the
Rocky Mountains in 1869, 1870-1872, and 1873.
Hea, David, — He was born in Ripley County,
Indiana, January 19, 1831 ; after receiving a good
education he removed to Missouri in 1842 ; studied
law and practiced the profession in the town of
Savannah ; and in 1874 he was elected a Represent-
ative from Missouri to the Forty-fourth Congress.
(This notice was mislaid until it was too late to print
it in its proper place.)
Heed, William B, — He died in New York City,
February 18, 1876. Although formerly a resident of
Philadelphia the later years of his life were spent in
New York, where he was employed as a writer for
the press. He was at one time the American corres-
pondent of the London Times, and was a personal
friend of Thackeray, of whom he published an inter-
esting memorial.
nice, John M, — Soon after the organization of
the Forty-fourth Congress he was appointed Librarian
of the House of Representatives ; his predecessors in
that position having been C. C. Chaffee, an ex-mem-
ber of Congress ; Whitelaw Reid, the editor ; James
Tisdale ; John J. Piatt, the poet ; and the compiler
of this volume.
Hobbins, John, — As this person refused to give
the compiler any information about himself, it has
been difficult, because of conflicting records, to deter-
mine even the correct spelling of his name. It would
now appear, however, that John Robbins, Jr., page
359, and John Robins, page 360, refer to the same
man.
ADDITIONAL FACTS.
635
JRutherfordf Allan, — Resigned the oflB.ce of
Third Auditor, in January., 1876.
SimmonSf Thomas, — He was appointed in
1875 an Assistant Attorney-General.
Stevens, H, S. — Born in Weston, Vermont, in
1832 ; received an English education ; emigrated to
New Mexico in 1851 ; settled in Arizona in 1856 ;
served in the Territorial Legislature from 1868 for
four years ; and was elected a Delegate to the Forty-
fourth Congress.
Taylor, William R, — The three lines preced-
ing this name on page 419 were printed inadvertently,
and should be omitted.
Van Cortlandtf Pierre, Jr, — He was the
brother of Philip, and died in 1848 near Peekskill,
New York, at the manor-house of the family.
Wilson, Bluford,—RQ was born in Illinois ;
educated for the legal profession ; and in 1874 he
was appointed Solicitor of the Treasury.
Washhurne, EliJiu JB.— One of the first ap-
pointments made by President Grant after entering
the Executive Mansion was that of Mr. W£.«3hburne as
Secretary of State ; this office, however, he soon re-
signed, and was then made Minister to France, where
he has remained to the present time.
Belknap f William 7F.— Early in March, 1876,
he resigned his position as Secretary of War, and
was immediately impeached by the House of Repre-
sentatives for malfeasance in office.
Dana, HicJiard H,, Jr, — Son of the poet
bearing the same name, and grandson of Francis
Dana, the jurist ; born in Cambridge, Massachu-
setts, August 1, 1815 ; graduated at Harvard College
in 1837 ; but his studies having been interrupted
by a weakness of the eyes, he weni to sea, and
published a famous book entitled " Two Years before
the Mast." He studied law at the Dane School, was
for a time a professor in Harvard College, and came
to the bar in 1840. In 1841 he published " The Sea-
man's Friend," and " Seaman's Manual ;" was emi-
nently successful as an advocate, and engaged in
many important trials ; always the friend of the
sailor ; was a frequent contributor to the North
American Review and the Law Reporter ; was one of
the founders of the Free-Soil party in Massachusetts ;
served in the State Legislature ; was a leading mem-
ber of the State Convention of 1853 ; was for five
years United States Attorney for Massachusetts ;
prominent as a member of the Episcopal Church ;
and in March, 1876, after a most honorable career, he
was appointed Minister to England, in place of R. C.
Schenck.
GorJiam, diaries F, — In March, 1876, he was
appointed from the State of Michigan Assistant Sec-
retary of the Interior Department.
Morrill, Lot 31,— On the 6th of March, 1876, he
was appointed Sacretary of War in the place of Wil-
liam W. Belknap, but declined the position.
Taft, Alphonso, — Long a citizen of Cincinnati,
Ohio ; a lawyer and a judge; on the 7th of March, 1876,
he was appointed Secretary of War in the place of
William W. Belknap, and accepted the office.
Tenable, Abraham W, — He died at his resi-
dence in North Carolina, early in March, 1876.
INDEX BY STATES,
OF THE FEDERAL CONGRESS.
Alabama.
Abercrorahie, James 1
Alston, William J 6
Bagby, Arthur P IG
Baylor, R. E. B 26
Belser, James E 29
Bowdon, Franklin W 42
Bradford, Saul 45
Bragg, John 46
Broraberg. Frederick George 49
Buck, Alfred E 55
Buckley, Charles W 66
Caldwell, John H 64
Chambers, Henry 74
Chapman, Reuben 76
Clay, Clement C • 83
Clay, Clement C, Jr 83
Clemens, Jeremiah 85
Clopton, David 87
Cobb, Williamson R. W 88
Cotteral, J. L. T 96
Crabb, George W 98
Crowell. John 103
Curry, J. L. M 104
Dargan, Edward S 109
Dellet, James IIG
Dowdell, James F 125
Dox, Peter M 125
Fitzpatrick, Benjamin 148
Forney, William H 151
Gay le, John 162
Goldthwaite, George 167
Handley, William A 184
HaralsBon, Jeremiah 185
Harris, Sampson W 189
Haughey, Thomas 193
Hays, Charles 195
Hewitt, Goldsmith. 201
Hilliard, Henry W 204
Houston, George S 211
Hubbard, David 214
Inge, Samuel W 220
Kellogg, Francis W. (see Michigan).. 236
King, William R 243
Lawler, Joab 251
Lewis, Burwell B 258
Lewis, Dixon H 258
Lyon, Francis S. 267
Mardis, Samuel W 272
Martin, Joshua L 275
McConnell, Felix G 281
McKinley. John 286
Moore, Gabriel 298
Moore, Sydenham E 298
Murphy, John 306
Norris, Benjamin W 3i3
Owen, George W 319
Payne, Winter W 326
Pelham, Charles 328
Phillips, Philip 333
Pickens. Israel (see North Carolina).. 334
Pierce, Charles W 335
Pugh, James L 346
Rapier, James T 351
Sheats, Charles Christopher 381
Sheriod, William C 384
Shorter, Eli S 385
Sloss, Joseph H 389
Smith, William R 395
Spencer, George E 398
Stallworth, James A 400
Turner, Benjamin Steeling 4.34
Walker, John W 445
Walker, Percy 445
Warner, Willard 450
White, Alexander 459
Williams, Jeremiah N 466
Yancey, William L 480
Arkansas.
Ashley, Chester 12
Bates, James W 25
Boles, Thomas 39
Borland, Solon 41
Callis, John B 65
Clayton, Powell 85
Conway, Henry W 93
Cross, Edward 102
Dorsey, Stephen W 124
Elliott, James T 135
Fulton, Williams 158
Gannt, E. W 159
Gause, Lucien Cotesworth 161
Greenwood. A. B 173
Gunter, Thomas M 176
Hanks. James M 184
Hindman, Thomas C 204
Hinds, James 204
Hodges, Asa 906
Hynes, William J 220
Johnson. Robert W 229
McDonald, Alexander 282
Mitchell. Charles B 295
Newton. Thomas W 310
Rice, Benjamin F 355
Rogers, Anthony A. C 362
Roots. Logan H 364
Rust, Albert , 367
Sebastian, W. K 376
Sevier, Ambrose H 378
Slemons, W. F 388
Snyder, Oliver P 396
Warren, Edward A 450
Wilshire, William W 469
Yell, Archibald 4S0
California.
Axtell, Samuel B 15
Bidwell, John 32
Booth, Newton 40
Broderick, David C 49
Casserly, Eugene , 72
Clayton, Charles 84
Coghlan, John M 89
Cole, Cornelius 90
Conness, John 92
Denver, James W 118
Fremont. John Charles 156
Gilbert, Edward 164
Gwin, William M 177
Haider, John S 178
Haun, H. P 193
Herbert, Philip T 200
Higby, William 202
Houghton, Sherman 0 211
Johnson, James A 228
Latham, Milton S 250
Low, Frederick F 264
Luttrell, John K 266
Marshall, Edward C 273
McCorkle, Joseph W 281
McDougall, James A 283
McKibbin, Joseph C 286
McRuer, Donald C 288
Merritt, Samuel A 291
Page, Horace Francis 320
Phelps, Timothy G 333
Piper, William A 337
Sargent, Aaron A 370
Scott, Charles L 374
Shannon, Thomas B 380
Weller, John B. (see Ohio) 455
Wigginton, P. D 463
Wright, George H 478
Connecticut.
Adams, Andrew. . . • 1
Allen, John 5
Arnold, Samuel 11
Baldwin, John 18
Baldwin, Roger Sherman 18
Baldwin. Simeon 19
Barber, Noyos 20
Barnum, William S 21
Belcher, Nathan 28
Betts, Thaddeus 31
Bishop, William D 34
Boardmaii, Elijah 39
Boardman, William W 39
Booth, Walter 40
Brace, Jonathan 44
Brandegee, Augustus 46
Brockway, John H 49
Buckingham, William A 56
Burnham, Alfred A 60
Burrows, Daniel 61
Butler, Thomas B.. 62
Catlin, George S 73
Champion, Epaphroditus 75
Chapman Chai-les 76
Clark, Ezra, Jr 80
Cleveland, Chauncey F 85
Coit, Joshua 89
Cooke, Joseph P 94
Daggett, David 106
Dana, Samuel W 108
Davenport, James 109
Davenport, John 110
Dean, Sidney 114
Deane, Silas 114
Deming, Henry C 117
Dixon, James 122^
Dyer, Eliphalet 130
Dwight, Theodore 130
Eaton, William W 132
Edmond, William 132
Edwards, Henry W 133
Edwards, Piei-repont 134
Ellsworth, Oliver 136
Ellsworth, William W 136
English, James E 138
Ferry, Orris S 144
Foot, Samuel A 150
Foster, LaFayette S. . . , 153
Fowler, Orin 154
Gilbert, Sylvester 164
Gillette, Francis .. 165
Goddard, Calvin 166
Goodrich, Chauncey 168
Goodrich, Elizur 168
Griswold. Roger 175
Haley, Elisha 179
Hawley, Joseph R 194
Hillhouse, James 203
Hillhouse, William 204
Holmes, Uriel 208
Holt, Orrin 209
Hosmer, Titus 211
Hotchkiss, Julius 211
Hubbard, John H 215
Hubbard, R. D 215
Hubbard, Samuel Dickinson 215
Huntington, Benjamin 219
Huntington, Ebenezer 219
Huntington, Jabez W 219
Huntinston, Samuel 219
Ingersoll, Colin M 221
Ingersoll, Ralph J 221
Ingham, Samuel 221
Jackson, Ebenezer, Jr 223
Johnson, William S 230
Judson, Andrew T 234
Kellogg, Stephen W 236
Landers, G. M 248
Lanman, James 249
Law, Lyman 251
Law, Richard , 251
Learned, Amasa 253
Loomis, Dwight 263
Mervin. Orange 291
Miner, Phineas 295
Mitchell, Stephen M 296
Moseley, Jonathan Ogden 304
Niles, John M 311
Osborne, Thomas B 318
Perkins, Elias 329
Phelps, Elisha 332
Phelps, James 332
Phelps, Launcelot 332
Pitkin, Timothy 337
plant, David 338
Pratt, James T 344
Rockwell, John A 362
Root, Jesse 364
638
INDEX BY STATES
Rnss, John 3H7
Seymour, Oriiren S 379
Seymour, Thomas H 3 9
Sherman, Roj^er 383
Slier\v<;ocl, Henry 384
Sherwood. Samuel B 384
Simons, Samuel 386
Smith, Jolni Cotton 392
Smith. Nathan 393
Smii h, Nathaniel 393
Smith, Perry 393
Smith, Truman , 394
Spencer, Joseph 399
Starkweather, H. H 402
Steriini;, Ansel 404
Stevens, James 405
Stewart, John 406
Stocldanl, Ebenezer 408
Storrs William L 409
Strono[, Jedcdiah 411
Stroui,'-, Julius L 411
Srur^is, Jonathan 413
Slur^is. Lewis Burr 413
Swift, Zeph.iniah 415
Tallmad<:fe, Benjamin 416
Terrv, Nathaniel 420
TomUnson, Gideon 428
Toucey. Isaac 428
Tracy, Uriah 429
Tread well, John 430
Trumbull, Jonathan 432
TrnmbulK Jot^eph 432
Trumbul!, Joseph 432
Tweedy, Samuel 435
Wad-wt)itii, James 443
Wads won h. Jeremiah 443
Waldo, LoiinP 444
Warner, Samuel L 4oO
Welch, William W 455
Whitman, Lemuel 461
Whittlesey. Thomas T 462
Wildmau, Zalmon 463
Willey. Calvin 464
WiiiiaiD.-', Thomas Scott ; 467
Williams, Thomas W 468
Williams, William 4(;8
WoUott, Oliver 474
Woodruff, George C 476
Woodruff, John 476
Youn^, Ebenezer 481
Delavrare.
Bassett, Richard 24
Bates, Marl in W 25
Bayard, James A 25
Bayard, James A 25
Bayard, Richard H 25
Bayard. Thomas F 25
Bedford, Gunning 27
Bedford. Gunning. Jr 27
Biggs, Benjamin T 33
Broome, James M 51
Clayton, John M 84
Clayton, Joshua 85
Clayton, Thomas 85
Comegys, Joseph P 91
Cooper, Thomas 95
Cullen, ElishaD 103
Dickinsou, John 120
Evans, John 139
Fishi'r. George P 147
Hall, Wiliard 180
Horsey. Outerbridge 211
Houston, John W .. 212
Johns. Keneey 227
Kearney, Dyre 235
Latt imer, Henry 250
Lofland, James R 263
McCi.mb, Eleazer 281
McKean, Thomas 2iS5
Milligiai, John J 294
Mitcliell, Nathaniel 296
Naudain, Arnold 307
Nicholson. John A 311
Patton, Jolin 326
Peery, William 328
Read, G< orge 351
Riddle, George Read 357
Rid-reley, Henry M 357
Robinson. Thomas 361
Rodney, C'yesar 362
Rodney, Caesar A 362
Rodney, Daniel 362
Rodney. George B 362
Rodney. Thoriias 362
Saulsbury, Eli 310
Saiilsbury, Wiliard 370
Smithers, Nathaniel B 395
SpriiJiuce. Presley 400
SyUes, James 415
Symmts, John Cleves 415
Temple, William 420
Tilton, James 427
Van Dyke, Nicholas 439
Van Dy ke, Nicholas 489
Vining, John 442
Wales, John 444
Wells, William H 4.56
White. Samuel 460
Whiteley, William G 461
Williams, James 466
Florida.
Brockenbrongh, William H 49
Cabell, Edward C 63
Call, Richard K 65
Connover, Simon B 93
Downing, Charles 125
Gilbert, Abijah 164
Hamilion, Charles M 182
Hamilton, Morgan C 182
Hawkins, George S 193
Hernandez, Joseph M 200
Jones, Charles W 231
Mallory, Stephen R 270.
MaxAvell. Augustus E 278
Morton, Jackson 303
Niblack, Silas N 310
Osborn, T. \V 317
Pnrman, William J 346
Welch, Adonija S 455
Westcotr, James D 457
White, Joseph M 460
Yulee, David L 481
Georgria.
Abbot, Joel 1
Alford, JnlinsC 4
Bailey, David J 16
Baldwin, Abraham 18
Barnetr, William 21
Beck, Erasmus W 27
Bill, Hiram P 28
Beriien. John McP 31
Bil)b. William W 31
Bigby, John Summerfield 33
Black, Edward J 35
Blount, James H 39
Brown^on, Nathan f4
Bryan, Joseph 55
Bulloch, William B 57
Bullock, Archibald 57
Candler, Milton A 68
Gary, George 69
Caihes. Thomas P 69
(happen, A. H 76
Charlton, Robert M 76
Chastain, Edward W 77
Christy. John H 19
Clay, Joseph 84
Clayton, AuL'Ustin S 81
Cleavcland, J. F 85
Clilt, Joseph W 86
Clinch, Duncan L 86
Cobb, Howell 87
Cobb, Howell 87
Cobb, Thomas W 88
Coffee, John 89
Colquitt, AlfredH 91
Colquitt, W. T 91
Cook, Philip 94
Cook, Zadock 94
Cooper. Mark A 95
Crawford, George W 100
Crawford, Joel 100
Crawford, Martin J 100
Crawford, William H 101
Cuthbert, Alfred 105
Cuthbert, John A 305
Dawson, William C 113
Dent, William B. W 118
Duboise. Dudley M 127
Early, Peter lal
Edwards, William P 134
Elliot, John 1.35
Few, VVilliam 145
Floyd, John 149
Forsyth, John 151
F(n't, TomUnson 152
Foster, Nathaniel G 1.53
Foster, Thomas F 1.53
Freeman, James C 155
Gamble, Roger L 159
Gartrell, Lucius J Ifil
Gibbcms. William 163
Gilm< r, G<'orge R 165
Glascock, Thomas 166
Gordon. John B 169
Gove. Samuel F I'^O
Grantland, Seaton 171
Gunn, James 176
Gwinnett, Button 177
Habersham, John 177
Habersliam, Josopli 177
Habersham, Richard W 177
Hackett, Thomas C 177
Hall, Boiling 179
Hall, Lyman 180
Hammond, Samuel 183
Haralson, Hugh A 185
Hardman, Thomas, Jr 185
Harris, Henry R 188
Hartridge, Jiilian, 191
Havnes Charles E 195
Heflin, Robert S 196
Hill, Benjamin H 202
Hill, Joshua 203
Hillyer, Junius 204
Holsey, Hopkins 208
Houston, John 212
Houston, William 212
Howley, Richard 214
Iverson, Alfred 222
Jackson, Jabez 224
Jackson, James 224
Jackson, James 224
Jackson, Joseph W 224
Johnson, Herschell V 228
Jones, George 231
Jones, James 231
Jones, John J 232
Jones, John W 232
Jones, Noble Wimberiy 2.32
Jones, Seaborn 233
King, John P 242
King, T. Butler 243
Lamar, Henry G.. 247
Langworthy, Edward- 249
Love, Peter E 264
Lumpkin, John H 266
Lumpkin, Wilson 266
Matthews, George 277
M duty re, Archibald Thompson 284
Mead, Cowles 289
Meriwether, David 290
Meriwether, I. A 291
Meriwether, James 291
Milledge, John 292
Millen, John 293
Newman, Daniel 310
Nisbet, E. A 312
Norwood, Thomas Maneon 313
Owen, Allen F 319
Owens, George W 319
Pierce, William 335
Pirce, William P 345
Prince, Charles H 345
Prince, Oliver H 346
Reese. David A 353
Reid, Pobert R 354
Schley, William 372
Seward, James L 379
Sloan, Andrew 388
Smelt, Dennis 390
Smith, William E 395
Spalding, 'i homas 397
Stephens, Alexander H 404
Stiles, William H 407
Tait, Charles 416
Tiiliaferro, Benjamin 416
Tatnall, Edward F 417
Tatnall, Josiah 417
Telfair, Edward 420
Telfair, Thomas 420
Terrill, William 420
Thompson, Wiley, 424
Tift, ^elson 426
Toombs, Robert 428
Towns. George W 429
Tripp, Robert P 431
Troup, George M 431
Underwood,' John W. H 436
Walker. Freeman 445
Walton, George 448
Ware, Ni'holas 449
Warner, Hiram... # '. 449
Warren, Lott 4.50
Wavne, Anthony 453
Wavjie, James M 4.'^3
Wellborn, M. J 455
Whiteley, Richard Henry 461
Wilde, Kichard Henry 463
Willis, Francis 4(19
Wood, Joseph 475
Wriuht, Augustus B 478
Young, P. M. B 481
Zubly, John Joaaliim 482
Illinois,
Allen, James C 5
Allen, William J 6
Allen, Willis 6
INDEX BY STATES
639
Anderson, William B 8
Arnold, Isaac N 11
Ba«?ley. John C 16
Baker. Havid J 17
Baker, Edward D 17
Baker. Jt'lin 17
Barrere, GiJinville 22
Beveridire. John L 31
Bissell, WilliiimH 35
Bond, Sh^idrack ^0
Bree!?e, sidm-y : 47
Bromwel), Henry P. H 50
Browning, Orvilie H 54
Biirchard, Horatio C 58
Burr, Albert G 60
Campbell. Alexander 66
Campbell, Thompson 63
Cannon, Joseph G 68
Ca!*ey, Zadoc 72
Canltii-ld, Bernard G 73
Clements, Isaac 85
Cook, Burton C 93
Cook, Diiniel P 94
Corwin. Franklin 96
Crebs, Ji>hn M 101
Cnllom, Shelby M 103
Douglas, Siephen A 125
Duncan, Joseph 128
Eden, John R 132
Edwtirds, Ninian 133
Ewing, William L. D 141
Farnswortli, John F 142
Faruell. Charles B 142
Ficklin, Orhindo B 145
Fort, Green lierry L.. 152
Fouke, Philip B 153
Hardin, John J 185
Harding, Abner C 186
Harris, Cliailes M 188
Harris, Thomas L 189
Harrison, Carter C 190'i
Hartzell. William 191
Hawley, John B 194
Hay, -lohnB 194
Henderson, Thomas J 198
Hodges. Charles D 206
Hoge. Joseph P 20r
Hiirll)ut. Stephen A 219'
lnofers(dl, Ei)on C 221
Judd, Norman B 234
Kane, Elias K 234/
Kello_'g, William 236 '
Knapp, Anthony L 245''
Knapp, Robei-l M 245
Knox. James 2^6
Kuykendall, Andrew J 246.
Lincoln, Al)raham 259
Lo;,'an, John A 262 <
Lovejov, Owen ; 264
Marshall. Samuel S 273
Martin. James L 274'
Mav,Willia!n L 278
McCIlenand. John A 280
M<:L.'an, John 287
McNeely, Tliompson W 288 '
McKoberts, Samuel 288
Molony, Richard S. 296»
Moore, Jesse H 298
Morris, Isaac N 302'
Morrison, J. L. D 302 '
Morrison, Willi:im R....- 303 ■
Moulton. Samuel W 304"
Norton, Jesse O . . 313
Oglesby. Ricliard J 315
Pope, Nathaniel 340
Raum. Green B 351<'
Ray, William H 351'
Reynolds, John 354
Rice, Edward Y 3'i5
Rice, John B 355
Ricfliardson, William A 356
Robinson, James C 361'
Robinson, John M 361 '
Ross, Lewis W 365
Semple, James % ,377
Shaw, Aaron ■ 381
Shields, James (see Minnesota) 381
Slade, Charles 388
Smith, Robert . 393
Snvder. Adam W 396<
Snapp, H 396
Sparks, William A. J 398
Springer, William M ,. 400
Stephenson. Benjamin.. 404^
Stevens, Br idford N 405«
Stevenson. A. E 405
Stuart, John T 412
Thomas, Jesse B. (see Indiana) 422 f
Thornton, Anthony 425
Trumbull. Lyman 432"
Tnrnef, Thomas J 434
Washbmne, Ellihu B 451'
Wentworth, John 4.')6
Whiting, Richard H 461
Wike, Scott 463
Wood worth, James H 477
Yates, Richard 480
Young, Richard M 481
Young, Timothy R 481
Indiana.
»Albertson, Nathaniel 3
f Baker, John H 17
Barbour, Lucien 20
'Blake, Thomas H 37
'Boon, Ratliff ,.... 40
Brenton. Samuel 48
'Bright, Jesse D 48
« Brown, William J 53
Call, Jacob 65
Garr, John 70
Case, Charles 71
«Cason, Thomas J 72
Cathcart, Charles W 73
'Chamberlain, Ebenezer M 74
'Coburn, John 88
Colfax, Schuyler 90
Cravens, James A 100
Cravens, James H 100
Cumback. Will 104
Davis, John G 112
Davis, John W 112
Def rees, Joseph H 116
Duniont, Ebenezer 128
Dunham. Cyrus L 128
Dunn, George G 129
Dunn, Ge r>re H 129
*Dunn, Williiira McKee 129
Eddy, Norman 132
Edgerton, Joseph Ketchum 132
Eml)ree, Elisha 1.37
English, William H 1,38
Evans, James Lafayette 139
Ewing, John 141
Farqiihar, John H 142
Filch, G. N 147
Foley, James B 150
Fuller, Benoni Stinson 157
Graham. William 170
Greiig, James M 173
Hamilton. A. H 182
Hanna, Robert .\ , 184
Hannegan. Edward A.: 184
Harlan, Andrew J 186
Harrington. Henry W 188
Haymond, W. S 195
Hendricks, 'J'homas A..'^." 198
Hendricks, William 198
Henely, Tliomas J. 199
Herod, William 200
Hill, Ralph, 203
Hoiloway, David P .. 208
Holmaii, William S \ 208
Howard, Tilghman A 213
Rughes, James v 216
Hunter, Morton C Y 218
Jennings. Jonathan 2'^6
Julian, George W 234
Kennedy. Andrew 23T
Kerr, Michael C 239
Kilgore, David 240
Kinnard, Geor<re L 24;^
Landers. Franklin 248
Lane, Amos 24S
Lane, Henry S 248
Lane, James H 248
Law, John 251
Lockhart, James 262
Mace, Daniel 268
Manson, Mahlon D 271
McCarty, Jonathan 280
McDonald, Joseph E 282
McDowell, James Foster 283
McGauirhey, Edward W 283
Miller. Smith 294
Mitchell, William 296
Morton, Oliver P 304
Niblack, William E 310
Noble. James 312
Orth, Godlove S 317
Owen. Kcb'rtDale 319
Packard. Jasper 319
Park, Ben.iamin 322
Parker, Samuel W 323
Peftit, John .331
Petti t, John U 831
Porter. Albert G 340
Pratt, Daniel O :;44
Prince, William 34(;
Profit, George H 346
Rariden, Janu-s ,351
Robinson, John L 361
Robinson, Milton S 361
Rockhill, William .361
Sami)le, Samuel C 369 -
Sayler, Henry B 372
Scott, Harvy D ,374
Shanks, John P. C ,380 •
Smith, Caleb B 390 '
Smith, Oliver Hampton 393 •
Smith, Thomas ,394
Stil well, Thomas L 407 '"
Taylor, Walter 419
Test, John 421
Thomas, Jesse B. (see Illinois) 422
Thompson, Richard W 424 >
'I'ipton. John 427 "
Turpie, D 43.5
Tyner, James N 436
Voorhees. Daniel W 442
Wallace, David 446 '
Ward. Jasper D 449
Washburn, Henry D 451
Whitcomb, James 458 *
White, Alberts 459-
Wick, William W 462
Williams, William 468'
Williams. James D 466 »
Wilson, James 468
WoHe, Simeon K 474 '
Wright, Joseph A 478
lo^s'a.
Ainsworth, Lncian Lester 3
Allison, William B 6
Chapman, William W... 7(1
Clark, Lincoln 81
Cook, JohnP 94
Cotton, AylettR 96
Curtis. Samuel R 104
Davis Timothy 113
Dodge, Augustus C 123
Dodge, Grenville M 123
Donnan, William G 124
Giimes, James W 174
Grinnell Josiah B 175
Hall, Augustus 179
Harlan, James 186
Hastings. Samuel Clinton 192
Henn, Bernhart 199
Howell, James B 214
Hi-.bbard, Asahel W 214
Jones, George W. (see Michigan) 231
Kasson.John A " 234
Kirk wood, Samuel J 244
Leffler, Shepherd 256
Lougliridue, William 264
McCrary. GeorL^e W 281
McDill, James Wilson 282
Miller, Daniel F 293
Oliver, Addison 3ie
Orr, Jackson 317
Palmer, Francis W 321
Pomeroy, Charles 34C
Pratt, Henry O 344
I 'rice, Hiram 345
Sampson, Ezekiel S 369
Smyth, William 396
Thompson, William 424
Tliorington, James 425
I'nlts, John Quincy 434
Vandever, William 439
Walden, Madison M 444
Wolf, William P 474
Wilson, James F 470
Wright, George C 478
Kansas.
Brown, William R 54
Clarke, Sidney 82
Cobb, Stephen Alonzo 88
Conway, Martin F 93
Goodin, John R 168
Harvey, James M 191
Inualls, John James 220
Lane. James H 248
Lowe. Uavid P 2(i5
Parroit, Marcus J 324
Phillips, William A 333
Pomeroy, Samuel C 340
Rosse, H:. G 364
Whitefield, J. W 461
Wilder, A. Carter 463
Kentucky.
Adair. John 1
Adams, George M 2
Adams. Green 2
Allen, Chiltmi 4
A nderson, Lu'ien 8
Anderson, Richard C. Jr 8
640
INDEX BY STATES
Anderpon, Simon H 8
Anders^on, William C 8
Andrews, Landaff W 9
Arthur, William E 12
Barry, William T 22
Beatty, Martin 27
Beck. James B 27
Bedinj^er, Gfor<;e M 27
Bel], JoshnaF 28
Bibb, George M 31
Blacliburn, J. C. S 35
Bledsoe, Jesse 38
Boyd, Linn 43
Boyle, John 44
Bieck, Daniel 47
Breckinridge, James D 47
Breckinridge, John 47
Breckinridjre, John C 47
Bristow, Francis M 49
Brown, John 53
Brown, John Young 53
Brown, William 53
Biickner, Ayiitt 56
Buckner, Richard A 56
Bullock, Win<,^field 58
Burnett, Henry C 59
Butler, V\illiamO 62
Caldwell, George A 64
Calhoun, John 65
Campbi'll, John 67
Campbell, John P 67
Casey. Samuel L 72
Chambers, John 74
Chrisman, James S 79
Clark, James 81
Clarlve, Beverly L 81
Clarke, JohnB 82
Clay, Brutus J 83
Clay, Henry 83
Clay, James B 84
Clinton, Thomas 86
Coleman Nicholas D 90
Cox, Leander M 98
Crist, Henry 101
Crittenden, John J 102
Crossland, Edward 103
Daniel, Henry 108
Davis, Amos 110
Davis, Garret Ill
Desha, Joseph 118
Dixon. Archibald 122
Duncan, Garnett 128
Dunlap, George W 128
Durham, Milton J 129
Duval, William P 130
Edwards, John 133
Elliott, John M 1:35
Ewing, Presley 141
Fletcher, Thomas 149
Fowler, John 153
French, Richard 156
Gaines, John P 158
Golladay, Jacob S 167
Gorman, Willis Arnold 169
Graves, William J 171
Green. Willis 172
Greenup Christopher 173
Grey, Benjamin E 174
Grider, Henry 174
Grover, Asa P 176
Guthrie, James 177
Hardin, Benjamin 185
Hardin, Martin D 185
Harding, Aaron 186
Harlan, James 186
Hawes, Albert G 193
Hawes. Richard 193
Hawkins, Joseph H 193
Henry, John F 199
Henry. Robert P 199
Hill, Clement S 202
Hise. Elijah 204
Hopkins, Samuel 210
Howard, Benjamin 212
Jackson, James S 224
Jewett, Joshua H 227
Johnson, Francis 228
Johnson , James 228
Johnson, James L 229
Johnson, John T 229
Johnson, R'chard M 229
Jones, Thomas Laurens 233
Kincaid, John 241
Knott, J. Proctor 245
Lecompte, Joseph 254
Lewis, Joseph H 258
Logan. William 262
Love, James 2fi4
Lyon, Chittenden 267
Lyon, Matthew (see Vermont) 267
Machen, Willis B 268
Mallory, Robert 270
Marshall, Alexander K 272
Marshall, Humphrey 273
Marshall, Humphrey 273
Marshall, Thomas A 273
Marshall, Thomas P 273
Martin, John P 274
Mason. John C 276
McCreerv, Thomas C 282
McDowell, Josenh J 283
McHatton, Robert 284
McHenry, Henry D 284
McHenry, John H 284
McKee, Samuel 285
McKee, Samuel 285
McLean, Alney 286
McLean, Finis E 286
Menifee, Richard H 290
Menzies, John W 290
Meri wether, David 291
Metcalfe, Thomas 291
Millikin, Charles W 294
Montgomery, Thomas 297
Moore, Laban T 298
Moore, Thomas P 298
Morehead, Charles S 299
Morehead, James T 299
Murray, John L 307
New, Anthony 309
Ormsby, Stephen 317
Orr, Alexander D 317
Owsley, Bryan Y 319
Parsons, Edward T 324
Peyton, Samuel O 332
Pope. John 340
Pope, Patrick H 340
Powell, Lazarus W 343
Preston, William 345
Quarles, Tunstall 347
Randall, William H 349
Read, William B 352
Rice, John M 356
Ritter, Burwell, C 358
Robertson, George 36ll
Rousseau, Lovell H 365
Rowan, John 365
Rumsey, Edward 366
SandCord, Thomas 369
Shanklin, George S 380
Sharp, Solomon P 380
Simms, William E 386
Smith. Green Clay 391
Smith, John Speed 392
Southgate, William W 398
Speed, Thomas 397
Sprigg, James C 400
Standeford. Elisha D 401
Stanton, Richard H 402
Stevenson, John W 406
Stone, James 409
Stone, James W 409
Sweeney, W. N 415-
Swrope, Samuel F 415
Talbotr, Albert G 416
Talbot Isham 416
Taul, Micah 418
Thomasson, William P 423
Thompson, John B 424
Thompson, Philip 424
Thruston, Buckner 425
Tihbatts, John W 426
Tomkins, Christopher 428
Trimble, David 431
Trimble, Lawrence S 431
Triplett, Philip 431
Trumbo, Andrew 432
Underwood, Joseph R 436
Underwood, Warner L 436
Wadsworth, William H 443
Walker, David 445
Walker, George 445
Walton, Matthew 448
Ward, A. H 448
Ward, William T 449
White, Addison 459
White, David 459
White. John 460
Wickliffe, Charles A 462
Williams, Sherrod 467
Winchester, Boyd 471
Woodson , Samuel H 477
Yancy, Joel 480
Yeanian, George H 480
Young. Bryan R 4*^1
Young, John D 481
Young, Williams... 481
liOuisiana.
Barrow, Alexander 22
Benjamin, Judah P 29
Blackburn, Wm. Jasper 35
Bossier, Peter E 41
Bonligney, Dominique 42
Bouligney, John Edmund 42
Brent'^, William L 48
Brown, James 52
Bullard. Henry Adams 57
Butler, Thomas 62
Chinn, Thomas W 78
Claiborne, Wra. C. C. (see Tennessee) 80
Clarke, Daniel ,S2
Conrad, Charles M 93
Darrall, Chester B 109
Davidson, Thomas G .... 110
Davis, Samuel B 112
Dawson. John B 113
Destrihaii, John Noel 118
Downs, Solomon W 125
Dunbar, William 128
Ellis, E. John 136
Eustis, George, Jr 139
Flanders. Benjamin F 148
Fromentin, Eligius 157
Garland, Rice 161
Gayarre, Charles E. A 162
Gibson, Randall Lee 163
Gurley, Henry H 176
Hahn, Michael 178
Harmanson , John H 187
Harris, John A 189
Hunt, Theodore G 218
Johnson, Henry 228
Johnston, Josiah S 230
Jones, Roland 232
Kellogg. William Pitt 236
Kelly, William 237
LaBranche, Alcee 246
Landrnm. John M 248
Landry, J. Aristide 248
La Sere. Emile 250
Levy, William Mallory 257
Livingston, Edward 261
Magruder. Allan B 269
Moore, John 298
Morey, Frank 299
Morse. Isaac Edwards. . 303
Mouton, Alexander 305
Nash, C. E 307
Nevvsham. Joseph P 310
Overton. Walter H 319
Pcnn. Alexander G 328
Perkins, John, Jr 330
Porter, Alexander J 341
Posey, Thomas 342
Poydras, Julian 343
Ripley, Eleazar W 358
Robertson. Thomas B 360
Sandidge. John M 369
Sheldon. Lionel A 382
Slidell, John 383
Smith, Georire L 391
Smith, John B 392
Soule, Pierre 396
St. Martin, Louis 407
Sypher, J. Hale 415
Taylor, Miles 419
Thibodeaux, B. G 421
Thomas. Philemon 423
Videl, Michel 442
Waggamann, George A 443
West, J. R 457
White, Edward D 459
Maine.
Abbott. Nehemiah 1
Allen. ElishaH 4
Anderson, Hugh J 7
Anderson, John 7
Andrews, Charles 9
Appleton, John 9
Bailey, Jeremiah 16
Bates, James 24
Belcher, Hiram 28
Benson, Samuel P 30
Blaine, James G 36
Bradbury, James W 44
Bronson, David 50
Burleigh, John H 59
Burleigh, William 59
Butman. Samuel 63
Carter, Timothy J 71
Cary, Shepard 71
Chandler,jJohn 75
Cilley, Joiiathan 79
Clapp.AsaW. H 80
Clark, Franklin 80
Cliflford, Nathan 86
Cobnrn, Stephen 88
Cushman. Joshua (see Massachusetts). 105
Dana, Jurlah 107
Dane. Joseph 108
Davee, Thomas 109
Dunlap, Robert P.. 128
INDEX BY STATES
641
Evans, George
Fairfield, John
Farley, E. Wilder
Farweli, Nathan A
fessenden, Samuel C
essenden, T. A. D
Fessendeii, William Pitt
Foster, Stephen C
French. Ezra B
Frye. William P
Fuller, Thomas J. D
Gerry, Elbridge
Gilman, Charles J
Goodenow, Robert
Goodcnow, Ruf us K
Goodwin, John N. (see Arizona Terri-
tory)
Hale, Eugene
Hall, Joseph
Hamlin, Hannibal
Hammons, David
Harris, Mark
Herrick. Ebenezer
Herrick, Joshua
Hersey, Samuel F
Hill, Mark S. (see Massachusetts)
Holland, Coenelius
Holmes, John
Jarvis, Leonard
Ka vanagh, Edward
Kidder, David
Knowlton, Ebenezer
Littlefield, Nathaniel S
Longfellow, Stephen
Lowell, Joshua A
Lynch, John
MacDonald, Moses
Marshall, Alfred
Mason. Moses
Mayall, Samuel
McCrate, John D
Mclntyre, Ruf u^*
Moor. Wyman B. S
Morrill. Anson P
Morrill, Lot M
Morrill, Samuel P
Morse, B'reeman H
Nourse, Amos
Noyes, Joseph C
O'Brien, Jeremiah
Otis, John
Parker, Isaac
Parks, Gorham
Parris, Albion K
Parris, Virgil D
Perham, Sydney
Perry, John J
Peters, John A
Pike, Frederick A
Plaisted, Harris M
Randal!, Benjamin
Reed, Isaac
Rice, John H
Ripley, James W
Robinson, Edward
Ruggles, John
Sawtelle, Callen
Scammon, Joiin P
Severance, Luther
Shepley, Ether
Smart, Ei)hriam K
Smith, Albert
Smith, F. O. J
Somes, Daniel E
Spragae. Peleg
Stetson, Charles
Sweat, Lorenzo D. M
Wiilton, Charles W
Washburn, Israel, Jr
White, Benjamin
Whitman, Ezekiel (see Massachu-
setts)
Wiley, James S
Williams, Hezekiah
Williams, Reuel
Williamson, William D
Winirate, Joseph F
Wood, John M
Maryland.
Albert, William J..
Alexander, Robert.
Archer, John
Archer, Stevenson.
Archer, Stevenson.
Bier, George
Barney, John
Bayley. Thomas. . .
Bowie, Richard I. ..
Bowie, Thomas F. .
Bowie, Walter. ...
139
U2
]42
142
144
144
14.5
153
1.56
157
157
162
165
167
168
168
179
ISO
183
183
189
200
200
201
203
207
208
225
235
240
245
260
263
265
260
268
273
276 I
278
281
284
297
301
301
301
303
314
314
314
318
322
323
324
3-24
329
3:]0
330
336
.338
349
353
355
358
361
366
371
372
378
383
389
390
.391
396
399
404
414
448
451
4.59
461
463
4(16
467
468
472
475
Brengle. Francis 47
Brown, Elias 52
Brown, John 53
Calvert, Charles B 65
Campbell, John 67
Carmichael, Richard B 69
Carmich.iel, William 69
Carroll, Charles, of CarroUton 70
Carroll, Daniel 70
Carroll, James 70
Causin, John M. S 73
Chambers, Ezekiel F 74
Chapman, John G 76
Chase, Jeremiah T 76
Chase, Samuel 77
Christie, Gabriel 79
Constable, Albert 93
Contee, Benjamin 93
Cottman, Joseph S 96
Covington, Leonard 96
Crabl), Jeremiah 98
Crailc, William 99
Cresswoll, John A. J 101
Crisfield, John W 101
Culbreth, Thomas 103
Davis, Henry G Ill
Davis, H. Winter Ill
Dennis, George R , 117
Dennis, John 117
Dennis, Littleton P 117
Dent, George 118
Dorsey, Clement 124
Duval, Gabriel 130
Edwards, Benjamin 133
Evans, Alexander 139
Forbes, James 150
Forrest, Uriah 151
Franklin, John R , 155
Gale, George 1.58
Gale, Levin 158
Giles, William Fall 164
Goldsborough, Charles W 167
Goldsborough, Robert 167
Hall, John ISO
Hambleton, Samuel 181
Hamill, Patrick 181
Hamilton, William T 182
Hammond, Edward 183
Hanson, Alexander Contee 185
Hanson. John 185
Harper,' Robert G 187
Harris, Benjamin G 188
Harris, J. Morrison 189
Harrison, William 190
Heath, James P 196
Hemsley, William 197
Henkle, Eli Jones 198
Henry, John 199
Herbert, John C 200
Heyward, William, Jr 201
Hicks, Thomas H 202
Hilleii, Solomon, Jr 203
Hindman, William 204
Hoflfman, Henry W 206
Howard, Benjamin C 212
Howard, John Eager 2 1 3
Huirhes, George W 216
Jenifer, Daniel, of St. Thomas 226
Jenifer. Daniel 226
Johnson, Reverdy 2*29
Johnson, Thomas. . . , 230
Johnson, William Cost 2^30
Jones, Isaac D 231
Kennedy, Anthony 237
Kennedy, JohnP 237
Kent, Joseph 238
Kerr, John Bozman 239
Kerr, John L 239
Key, Philip 240
Key, Philip Barton 240
Kunkel, Jacob M 246
Leary. Cornelius L. L 253
Lee, Joh n 255
Lee, Thomas Sim 255
Ligm, Thomas W 259
Little, Peter 260
Lloyd, Edward 261
Lloyd, James 261
Long, Edward H 263
Lowndes, Lloyd, Jr 265
Magruder, Patrick 269
Martin, Luther 275
Martin, Robert N 275
Mason, John Thomson 276
Matthews, William 277
May, Henry 278
McCreary, William 281
McCullough, Hiram 282
McHenry, James 284
McKim, Alexander 2S6
McKi m, Isaac 286
McLane, Louis 286
McLfine, Robert M 286
Mercer, John F 290
Merrick, William D 291
Merrick, William M 291
Mitchell, George E 295
Montgomery, John 297
Moore, Nicholas R 298
Murray, William Vans 307
Neale, Raphael 308
Nelbon, John 308
Nelson, Roger 308
Nicholson, Joseph Hopper 311
O'Brien, William J 316
Paca, William 319
Pearce, James A 326
Perr}', Thomas 33C
Peter, George 3-30
Phelps, Charles E 332
Pinknev, William 3.37
Plater, George 338
Plater, Thomas 33S
Potts, Richard 343
Pratt, Thomas G 344
Preston, Jacob A 345
Ramsay, Nathaniel 348
Randall, Alexander 349
Heed, Philip 353
Ricaud, James B 355
Hidgely , Richard 357
Ringgold, Samuel 358
Ritchie, John 358
Roberts, Charles B 360
Rogers, John 363
Roman, Dixon ... 363
Ross, David 364
Rumsey. Benjamin 366
Scott, Gustavus 374
Semmes, Benedict J... 377
Seney, Joshua 377
Sewell, James 379
Sheredine, Upton .383
Shower, Jacob 3S5
Smith, Samuel .393
Smith, William 3!t4
Sollers, Augustus R 396
Spence, John S 398
Spence, Thomas A 399
Spencer. Richard 399
SprigL', Michael C 400
Sprigg, Richard 400
Spi"igg, Thomas 400
Steele, John N 403
Sterrett, Samuel 404
Stewart, David 406
Stevvart, James A 406
Stoddart, John T 408
Stone, Frederick 408
Stone, Michael 409
Stone, Thomas 409
Strudwick, William E 412
Stuart, Philip 412
Swann, Thomas 414
Thomas, Francis 422
Thomas, John C 422
Thomas, John L., Jr 422
Thomas, Philip Francis 423
Tilghman, Mathew 426
Turner, James 434
Van Home, Archibald 4.39
Vansant, Joshua 440
Vickers, George 442
Walsh, Thomas Y 447
Walsh, William 447
Warfield, Henry R 449
Washington, George C 452
Webster, Edwin H 4.54,
Weems, John C 454-
Wethered, John 457
Whyte, William Pinkney 462.
Wi lliams, James W 466
Wilson, Ephraim K 469
Wilson, E. K 460
Worthington, John T. H 47S
Worthington, Thomas C 478
Wright, Hobert 479
Wright, Turbett 4Q'.9
Massachusetts.
Abbott, Amos 1
Adams, Benjamin 1
Adams, Charles F 1
Adams, John 2
Adams, John Quincy 2
Adams, Samuel 3
Allen, Charles 4
Allen, Joseph 5
Allen, Samuel C 5
Alley, John B 6
Alvord. James C 6
Ames, Fisher 7
Ames, Oakes 7
64'?
INDEX BY STATES
Appleton. Nathan
Appletoi), William
Aslimuii, Eli Porter
Aehmuii, George
Bacon, Ezekiel
Bacon. John
Bailey, G<)ld<mith F
Bailt^y, Jdhii
Baker, 0-niyn
Baldwin, John D
Banks, Nathaniel P
Barker. Joseph
Barstow, Gideon
Banlett, Bailey
Bates. Isaac C ,
Baylies, P" rancid
Baylies, William
Baylies. William
Bidvvell, Biirnabas ,
Bi^elo w, Abijah
Bi^elow. Lewis. . .
Bishop, Phaiiuel
Borden, .Nathaniel B
Bourni'. yiiearjasub
Boiit\\ell. (it'orge S
Bowdoin, James
Bnidi'iiry, (ieor:.Mi
Bnidhnrv , 'Pheophilus
Briggs. George N
Britrliam, Elijah
Brooks, George M
Bi'own. Benjamin
Bruce, i^hiiiea!?
Buffintoii, James
Bullock. Stephen
Burlini'-aine, Anson
Burnell, B.u kcr
Buth-r, Bctijamin Franklin
Cabot. George
Calhouii, William B
Carr, Francis
Carr, J mes
Chaffee. Calvin C
Chapin, Chester W
Choate. Rulus
Cobb. David ,
Coffin. Pelevr
Comins. Linus B
Conner. Sjimuel S
Cook. Orchard
Crapo, William W
Crocker, Alviih
Crocker. Samuel L
Crowninshicld, Benjamin W..
Crowiiinshield, Jacob
Cushiu!.', <'aleb
Cusliin-j. Thomas^
Cushman, Joshua (see Maine).
Cutler, Minasseh
Cutts. Richard
Dalton, 'I'ristam
Damre.l, William S
Dana, Kr.incis.
Dana, Samuel
Dane. Nathan
Davis, George T
Davis, John
Davis, Samuel
Davis, Timothy
Dawes, Henry L
Dean. J<»siah
Dearborn. Henry
Dearborn, Henry A. S
Delano. Cliarles
Dewey, Daniel
DeWiVt, Alexander
Dexter, Samuel
Dickinson, Edward
Dowse, Edward
Duncan. James H ,
Dvvight. Henry W
Dwight. Thomas
Edmands, J. Wiley
Eliot. Samuel A
Eliot, Thomas D
Ely, William
Esty, Constantine C
Eustis, William
Everett, Edward
Fay. Francis B
Fletclier, Richard
Folger, Walter
Foster, Dwight
Freeman, Nathaniel
Frost, Rufus S
Fuller, Timothy
Gage, Joshua
Gannett, Barzilla
Gardner, Gideon
Gerry, Elbridge
Gooch, Daniel W
Goodrich, John C
10
In
13
13
1.5
15
16
16
17
18
19
20
23
2;i
24
25
2(i
2<)
32
83
33
34
40
42
42
42
44
44
48
48
50
52
54
57
57
59
59
61
63
65
70
70
73
75
79
87
89
91
92
94
100
102
102
103
103
lo:>
105
105
106
1116
107
107
107
108
1(»8
111
111
112
113
113
114
115
115
116
118
119
119
120
125
128
130
130
132
135
135
137
139
139
140
143
149
150
152
155
157
157
158
159
160
162
167
168
Goodhue, Benjamin 168
Gore, Chi istopher 169
Gorham, Benjamin 169
Gorham, Nathaniel 169
Green, L L 172
Grennell, George 174
Grinnell, Joseph 174
Grout, Jonathan 17<i
Hale, Artemas 178
Hall. Robert B 180
Hancock. John 184
Harris. Benjamin W IsS
Hastings, Seth 192
Hastings. Wm. Soden 192
Higginson, Stephen 202
Hill, Mark L (see Maine) 203
Hoar, Ebeiie/.er R 205
Hoar. George Frisbie 205
Hoar Samuel 205
Hobart, Aaron 205
Hodges, James L 206
Holten, Samuel 209
Hooper, Samuel 209
Hubbaid. Levi 215
Hudson, Charles 216
Hiilbert, John W 217
Tlsley, Daniel 220
Jackson. Jonathan 224
Jackson, William 224
Kendall, Jonas 2:37
Kendall, Joseph G 237
King, Cyrus 241
KiuiT, Daniel Putnam 241
Kinsley. Martin 244
Knapp, Chauncey L 245
Larned, Simcm 250
Lathrop, Samuel 250
Lawrence, Abbott 2.tI
Lee. Silas 255
Leonard, George 257
Lincoln, Enoch 2'-)9
Lincoln, Levi 259
Lincoln, Levi 259
Little, Edward P 260
FJovd, James 261
Locke, John 262
Lovell, James 264
Lowell, John 2<i5
Lyman. Samuel , 266
Lvman. William 266
Mann, H. race 270
Mason. Jonathan 276
Mattoon, Ebenezer 277
Mellen. Prentiss 290
Mills, Elijah H 291
Mitchell, Nahum 29H
Morton, Marcus 303
Nelson, Jeremiah 308
Orr, Benjamin 317
Osgood, Gayton P 318
Osgood, Samuel 318
Otis, Harrison Gray 3i8
Otis, Samuel A 318
Paine, Robert Treat 321
Palliey, John G 321
Parker. James 323
Parmenter. William 323
PartridL^e, George 324
I'hillips, Stephen Clarendon 3:^3
Picketing, Timothy 334
Pickman, Benjamin 335
Pierce, Henry Lillie 3:i")
Qnincv, Josiah .* 347
Rantoiil, Robert 350
Read. Nathan 352
Reed, John 353
Reed, John 353
Reed, William 353
Rice, AlexanderH 355
Rice, Thomas 356
Richardson, Joseph 356
Richardson. William M 357
Rockwell, Julius 362
Rtiggles, Nathaniel 366
Russell, Jonathan 367
Sabine, Lorenzo 368
Saltonstall. Leverett 369
Sampson, Zabdlel 369
Scudder, Zeno 376
Seaver. Ebenezer 376
Sedgwick. Theodore 376
Seelye, Julius H 377
Sewall. Samuel 37»
Shaw, Henry 381
Shepherd, William 382
Sibley, Jonas 385
Silsbee, Nathaniel 386
Skinner. Thomson J., Jr 388
Smith, Josiah 393
Stearns, Asahel 403
Stedman, W^illiam 403
Story, Joseph :... 409
Strong, Caleb 411
Strong, Solomon 411
Sullivan, James 41,3
Sumner, Charles 413
Taggart, Samuel 41§
Taliinan, Peleg 417
Tarbor, John Kemble 417
Thacher, George 421
Thacher, Samuel 421
Thayer, Eli 421
Thomas, Benjamin S 421
Thompson, Benjamin 423
Thompson, Charles P 423
Traf ton, Mark 430
Train, Charles R 430
Turner, Charles 434
Twitchell, Ginery 435
Upham, Charles W 436
Upham, Jabez 437
Varnnm, John 441
Variium, Joseph Bradley 441
Wadsworth. Peleg 443
Walker, Amasa 444
Walley, Samuel H 447
Ward, Artemas 448
Ward, Artemas 448
Warren, W. W 450
Washburn, William B . . 451
Webster, Daniel (see New Hampshire) 454
Wentworth, Tappan 457
Wheaton, Laban 458
While, Leonard 460
Whitman, Ezekiel (see Maine) 461
Widiiery, William 462
Williams, Henry 465
Williams, John M. S 466
Willi.ams Lemuel 467
Wilson, Henry 469
\V' i!son, John 471
Winthrop, Robert C 473
Wood, Abiel 474
Michig-an.
Baldwin, Augustus C 18
Beaman, Fernando C 26
Begole, .losiah W 28
Bindle, John 32
Bin<;ham. Kinsley S 34
Blair, Austin 36
Bradley, Edward 45
Biadley. Nathan B 45
Buel, Alexander W 56
Burrows, Julius C 61
Cass. Lewis 72
C'handlcr, Zachariah 75
Chipman, John S 73
Chrisiiancy, Isaac P 79
Clark, Samuel (see New York) 81
Conger, James L 92
Couijer, Omar D 92
Cooper. George B 95
Crary, Isaac E 100
Driggs, John F 126
Durand. George H ,, 129
Filch, Alpheus 143
Ferry, Thomas W 144
Field, Moses W 145
Fitzgerald, Thotnas 148
Foster, Wilder D 153
Granirer, Bradley F 170
Howard, Jacob M 213
Howard, William A 213
Hiibbell, Jay A 215
Hunt, James B 217
Jones, Georire W. (see Iowa) 231
Kellogg, Francis W. (see Alabama)... 236
Leach, De Wirt C 253
Longyear, John W 263
Lvon, Lucius 267
McClelland, Robert .. 280
Noble. David A 312
Norvell, John 313
Peck. George W 327
Penniman, Ebenezer J 329
Phelps, William W 3;i3
Porter. Augustus S 341
Potter, A 342
Richard, Gabriel 356
Sibley, Solomon 386
Sprague, William 400
Stevens, Hestor L 405
Stcmirhton, William L 410
Strickland, Randolph 411
Smart, Charles E 412
Stuart, David 412
Sutherland, Jabez G 4'4
Trowbridge, Rowland E 432
Upson. Charles 437
Walbfidge. David S 444
Waldron, Henry 444
Willard, George 464
INDEX BY STATES.
643
Williams, Alpheus S 465
Williams, William B 468
Wing. Austin E 472
Wooclbridge, William 475
Minnesota.
Aldrich, Cyrus 4
Averill, Jolin T 14
Cavanangh, James M. (see Montana). 7^
Donnelly. Ignatius 124
Dnniicll. Mark H 129
King, William S 243
Kingsbury, William W 243
McMillan, SamuelJ. R 287
Nort(m, Daniel S 313
Ramsey, Alexander 348
Rice, Henry H 355
Shields, James (see Illinois) 384
Sibley, Henry H 385
Strait, Horace B 410
Wilkinson, Morton S 464
Wilson, Eugene M 4C9
Windom, William — 472
Mississippi.
Adams, Robert H 3
Adams. Stephen 3
Alcorn, James Lusk 4
Araes, Adelbert 7
Barksdnle, William 20
B.irry, Henry W 22
Barry, William T. S 22
Benn-tt. H. S 30
Black, John 35
Brooke, Walter 50
Brown, Albert G 51
Brute.B. K 54
Cage, Harry 64
Chalmers. Joseph W 74
Claiborne. John F. H 80
Davis, Jefferson Ill
Davis, Reuben 112
Dickson, David 120
Ellis, Powhatan 136
Featherston, W, S 143
Foote, Henry S 15(t
Freeman, John D 155
Gholson, S. J 163
Greene, Thomas M 173
Gwiii, William M. (see California).... 177
Haile, William 178
Huminet, William J 183
Harris, George E If^
Harris, W. L 189
Harris, Wiley P 189
Henderson, John 197
Hi nds, Thomas 204
Holmes, David (see Virginia) 208
Hooker, Charles E 209
Howe. Albert R 213
Hunter, Naisworthy 218
Lake, William A 247
Lam^r, L. Q. C 247
Latiiniore, William 250
Leake, Walter. 253
Lvnch, John R 2n(i
M'cKee, George C 285
McRae, John J 288
McWillie, William 289
Money. H. D 297
Moi phis, Joseph L 300
Nabers, Benjamin D 307
Niles. Jrtson 311
Pease, Henry R 327
Perce, Legrand W 3-^9
Pluinmer. Franklin E 339
PoiJidexter, George 339
Prentiss, Sergeants 344
Quitman, John A 347
Rankin. Christopher 3.50
Read, Thomas B 352
Revels, Hiram R.. 854
Roberts, Robert W 360
Seal, Roderick... 376
Singleton, Otho R 387
Speight, Jesse 398
Thompson, Jacob 423
T.. m;. kins, Patrick W 428
Trotter, F. James 431
Tucker, Tilghraan M 433
Walker, Robert J 446
Wells. Guilford Wiley 456
Wilcox, John A 463
Williams, Thomas Hill 467
Williams, Thomas H 467
Word, Thomas J 477
Wrifo'ht, Daniel B 478
Missouri.
Akers, Thomas Peter 3
Anderson, George W ".*....! 7
Anderson, Thomas L '.'.'.'.'. 8
Ashley, William H 53
Asper, Joel F .*.'.'.'...! 18
Atchison, David R , 1.3
Barrett, J. Richard .!*..... 22
Bart<m, David 24
Bat es, Edward '.'.'..'.'. 24
Bay, William V. N .'*.' 25
Benjamin, John F ..'. 29
Benion, Thomas Hart 30
Blair, F. P., Jr [[ 36
Bland, Richard Parks 37
Blow, Henry T 39
Bogy, Lewis V 39
Bower, Gustavus B 42
Bowlin, James B 43
B<iyd, Sempronius H 43
Brown, B. Gratz 52
Buckiier, Alexander. 56
Buckner, Aylett Ha wes 56
Bull, John 56
Burdett, Samuel S 58
Caruthers, Samuel 7I
Clark, John B ^^1
Clark, JohnB., Jr 81
Cockrell, Francis Marion 89
Coininego. Abram 91
Craiir, .James 99
Crittenden, Thomas T 102
Darby, John Fletcher 108
DeBoIt, RezinA l]5
Orake, Charles D 125
Dyer, David P ]30
Easton, Rufus 13I
Edwards, John C 133
Finkelnburg, G. A 146
Franklin, B. J 154
Geyer, Henry S 163
Glover, John Montgomery 166
Gravely, Joseph J..' 171
Green, James S 172
Hall, WillardP 181
Hal!, William A , 181
Harrison. Albert G 1!)0
Hatcher, Robert A 192
Havens, Harrison E 193
Hempstead, Edward 197
Henderson, John B 197
Hogjin, John 206
Hughes, James M ... 216
Hyde, Ira B 220
Jameson, John 225
Johnson, Waldo P 230
Kehr, Edward C 235
Kelso . Joh n R 237
Kennett, Luther M 2;i8
Kintr, Austin A 241
Knox, Samuel 246
Lamb, Alfred W 247
Lindley, James J 260
Linn, Lewis F 260
Loan. Kenjarain F 262
Mcclurg, Joseph W 280
McCormick, James R 281
Miller, John 293
Miller, John G.. 293
Morgan, Charles H 299
Newcomb, C. A 309
Noell , John W 312
Noell, TiiomasE 312
N<»rton, Elijah H 313
Oli ver, Mordecai 316
Parker. Isaac C 322
Pettis, Spencer 331
Phelps, John S 332
Philips, John Finis 333
Pile, William A 336
Polk, Trusten 3:^9
Porter, Gi Ichrisl b41
Price, Sterling 345
Price, Thomas L 345
Reid, John W a54
Relfe, James H 353
Rollins, James Sidney 363
Scott. John 374
Scot t, John G 374
Schurz, Carl 373
Sims. Leonard H 387
Stanard, Edwin O 400
Stone, William H 409
Stover, Joh n H 410
Switzler, William Franklin 415
Van Horn, Robert T 439
Wells, Erasttis 456
Wilson, Robert 471
Woodson, Samuel H 477
Nebraska.
Chapman, Bird B 75
Crounse, Lorenzo 103
Daily, Samuel G 106
Easterbrook. Esperience 131
Ferguson, Fenner 144
Hitchcock, Phineas W 204
Marquette, T. M 272
Paddock, Algernon S 320
Taffe, John 416
Thayer, John M 421
Tipton, Thomas W 427
Nevada.
Ashley, Delos R 13
Clagett, William H 79
Ciadlebaugh, John 98
Fitch, Thomas 147
flones. John P 232
Kendall, Charles West 2:37
Mott, Gorden N 304
Nye, James W 314
Sharon, William 380
Stewart, William M ..407
Woodburn, William 4T6
Worthington, H. G 477
New Hampshire.
Atherton, Charles G 13
Atherton, Charles H 14
Barker, David 20
Bartlett, Ichabod , 23
Bartlett, Josiah 23
Bartlett, Josiah 23
Bean, Benning M 26
Bell, James ." 28
Bell, Samuel 28
Bell. Samuel N 29
Benton, Jacob ,30
Betton, Silas .,..'.'. 31
Blaisdell, Daniel 37
Blaiichard, Jonathan 37
Brod head, John 49
Brown, Titus 53
BulTum, .Joseph, Jr 57
Burke, Edmund 58
Burns, Robert 60
Butler, Josiah 62
Carlton, Peter 69
Chamberlain, John C 74
Chandler, Thomas 75
Cilley, Bradbury 79
Cilley, Joseph 79
Claggett, Clifton 79
Clark, Daniel 80
Cragin, Aaron H 99
Cushman, Samuel 105
Cutts, Charles 106
Dinsmoor. Sanmel 121
Durell, Daniel M 129
Eastman, IraA LSI
Eastman, Nehemiah 131
Edwards, Thomas M 134
Ela, Jacob H 135
Ellis, Caleb 136
Farrington, James 142
Fogg, George G 149
Folsom, Nathaniel 1.50
Foster, Abiel 152
Freeman, Jonathan 155
Frosi , George 157
Gardner, Francis 160
Gilman, John Taylor 1H5
Gilman, Nicholas 165
Gordon, William 169
Hale, John P 179
Hale, Salma 179
Hale, William 179
Hall, Obed 180
Hammons, Joseph 183
Harper, John A 187
Harper, Joseph M 187
Harvey, Jonathan 191
Harvey, Matthew 191
Haven, Nathaniel A 193
Healy, Joseph 1%
Hibbard, Harry 201
Hill. Isaac 202
Hough, David 211
Hubbard, Henry 215
Hunt, Samuel 218
Jtnness, Bennin^W 226
Johnson, James H 229
Kittredge, George W 244
Langdon, John 249
Langdon, Woodbury 249
Livei more, Arthur 260
Livermore, Samuel 260
Llvermore, Edward St. Loe 260
644
INDEX BY STATES.
Long, Pierce 263
Marcy, Daniel 271
Marston, Gilman 274
Mason, Jeremiah 276
Mateon, Aaron. 277
Morrill, David L 300
Morrison, Georo^e W 302
Moiilton, Mace 304
Norris, Moses 313
Olcott, Simeon 316
Piige, John 320
Parker, Hosea W 322
Parker, Nahum 322
Parrott, John F 324
Patterson, James W 325
Pcaslee, Charles H 327
Perkins, Jared 380
Pierce, Franklin 335
Pierce, Joseph 335
Pike, Austin F 336
Pike, James 336
Pliimer, William 338
Plumer, William 338
Reding, John R 353
Rollins. Edward H 363
Shaw, Tristam 3S1
Sheale, James ... 381
Sherburne. Johns 383
Simmons, George A 386
Smith, Jedediah K 392
Smith, Jeremiah 392
Smith, Samuel .394
Sprague, Pek'g 399
Stevens, Aaron F 405
Storer, Clement 409
Sullivan, George 413
Sullivan, John. . 413
Tappan, Mason W 417
Tenney, Samuel 420
Thompson, Thomas W 424
Thornton, Matthew 425
Tuck, Amos 433
Upham, George B . 437
Upham, Nathaniel 437
Vosp, RoLrer 442
Wadleigh, Bainbridge 443
Webster, Daniel 454
Weeks, John W 454
Weeks, Joseph 4.54
Wells, John S 456
Wentworth, John, Jr 457
Whipple, Thomas 4.58
Whipple. William 458
White, Phillips .■ 4(10
Wilcox, Jeduihun 463
Wilcox, Leonard 4(53
Williams, Jared W 466
Wi Ison, James 470
Wilson. James 470
Wingate, Paine 472
Woodbury, Levi 476
New Jersey
Adrain, Garnett B 3
Aycrigg, JohnB 15
Baker, Ezra 17
Bateman, Ephraim 24
Beatty, Johli 26
Ben net, Benjamin 29
Bines, Thomas 34
Bird, John T 34
Bi^<hop, James 34
Bloomfield, Joseph 38
Boyd. Adam 43
Brown, George H 52
Burnett, William.. 59
Cassedy, George 72
Cattell, Alexander G 73
Chetwood, William 77
Clark, Abraham 80
Clark. Amos, Jr 80
Clawson, Isaiah D 83
Cleveland, Orestes 85
Cobb. George T 87
Condict, John 92
Condict, Lewis 92
Condict, Silas 92
Condict, Silas 92
Cooper, John 95
Cooper, Richard M 95
Cooper, W. R 95
Cox, James 98
Coxe, William 98
Crane, Stephen 99
Cutler, Augustus W 105
Darby, Ezra 108
Davenport, Franklin 109
Dayton, Elias 114
Dayton, Jonathan 114
Dayton, William L 114
De Witt, David Miller 119
Dick, Samuel 119
Dickerson, Mahlon 119
Dickerson. Philemon 119
Dickinson, Philemon 120
Dobbins, Samuel A 122
Edsall, Joseph E 133
Elmer, Ebenezer 137
Elmer, Jonathan 137
Elmer, Lucius Q. C 137
Farlee, Isaac G 142
Fell, John 144
Field, Richard S 145
Forker, Samuel C 151
Fowler, Samuel 154
Frelinghnysen, Frederick 155
Frelinghuyaen. Frederick T 1.55
Frelinghuysen, Theodore 156
Garrison, Daniel 161
Gregory, Dudley S 173
Haight, CharlfS 178
Halsey, George A . 181
Halsted, William 181
Hamilton, Robert 182
Hampton, J.imes G 183
Hardenbergh, Augustus A 185
Hart, John 190
Hav, Andrew K 194
Hazelton, John W 196
Helms. William 197
Henderson, Thomas 198
Hill. John 203
Holcomb, George 207
Hopkinson, Francis 210
Hoinblower, Josiah 210
Houston, William C 212
Hulty, Jacob 216
Hughes, Thomas H 216
Huyler.John 220
Tmlay, James H 220
Kille, Joseph 241
King, James 242
Kinsey, Charles 244
KiTisey, James 244
Kirkpatrick, Littleton 244
Kilchell, Aaron 244
Lamhert, John 247
Lee, Thomas 255
Lilly. Samuel 259
Linn, James 260
Linn, John 260
Livingston, William 261
Matlack, James 277
Maxwell, George C 278
Maxwell, J. P. B 278
Mcllvaine, Joseph 284
Middleton, George 292
Miller, Jacob W 293
Moore, William 299
Morgan, James 300
Mott, James 304
Ncilson, John 308
Newbold, Thomas. . 309
Newell, William A 310
Nixon, John T 312
Ogden, Aaron 315
Parker, James 323
Pater^on, William 325
Pennington, Alexander C. M 329
Penninsrton, William 329
Perry, Nehemiah 330
Pierson. Isaac 336
Price, Rodman M 345
Randolph, Joseph Fiiz 350
Randolph, Theodore F 350
Riggs, Jetur R 357
Robbins, George R 359
Rogers, Andrew J 362
Ross, Miles 365
Runk, John 366
Rutherford, John 368
Ryall, D. B ' 368
Scbenck, Ferdinand S 372
Schureman, James 373
Scudder, Isaac W 376
Scudder, John A 376
Scudder, Nathaniel 376
Sergeant, Jonathan D 378
Shinn, William N 3!?5
Sinnickeon, Clement H t. 387
Sinnickson, Thomas 387
Siunickson, Thomas 387
Sitgreaves, Charles 387
Skelton, Charles 387
Sloan, James 388
Smith, Bernard 390
Smith, Isaac 391
Smith, Richard 393
Southard, Henry 397
Southard, Isaac 397
Southard, Samuel L 397
Starr, John F 402
Steele, William G 403
Stewart, Archibald 408
Stockton, John P 407
Stockton, Richard 407
Stockton, Richard 407
Stockton, Robert Field 408
Straiton, Charles C 410
Stratton, John L. N 410
Stratton, Nathan T 411
Swan. Samuel 414
Sykes, George 415
Teese, Frederick H 420
TenEyck, John C 420
Thompson, Hedge 423
Thompson, Mark 424
Thomson. John R 425
Tucker, Ebenezer 433
Vail, George 437
Van Dyke, John 439
Vroom, Peter D 442
Wall, Garrett D 446
Wall, Jamts W 446
Ward, Marcus L 449
Ward, Thomas 449
Wildrick, Isaac 463
Wilson, James J 471
Witherspoon, John 474
Wortendvke, J. R 477
Wright, Edwin R. V 478
Wiight, Samuel G 479
Wright, William 479
Yorke, Thomas J 481
New York. :
Adams, C. H 2
Adams, John 2
Adams, Parmenio 2
Adgate. Asa 3
Alexander, Henry P 4
Allen, Judson 5
Allen, Nathaniel 5
Alsop, John 6
Anderson, Joseph H 8
Andrews, George R 9
Andrews, John T 9
Andrews, Samuel G 9
Angel, William G 9
Armstrong John 10
Arnold, Benedict . 11
Ashley, Henry 13
Avery", Daniel.. 15
Babcock, A If red 15
Babcock, Leander 15
Babcock William 15
Badger, Luther 16
Bagley, George A 16
Bailey, Alexander H 16
Bailey, Theodoras 16
Baker, Caleb 17
Baker, Stephen 17
Baker, William H 18
Barnard. D. D 21
Barnes, Demas 21
Barr, Thomas J 22
Barstow, Gamaliel H 23
Barton, Samuel 24
Bass, Lvman K 24
Beale, Charles L 26
Beardsley. Samuel 26
Bcebe, George M 27
Beekman. Thomas 27
Beers, Cyrus 28
Bclden, Georce O 28
Bennett, David S 29
Bennett, Henry 29
Benson, Egbert 30
Benton, Charles S 30
Bergen, John T 30
Bergen, Tennis G 30
Betts, Samuel R 30
Bicknell, Bennet 31
Bird, John 34
Birdsall, Ausburn 34
Birdsall, James 34
Bird^^all, Samuel 34
Birdseye, Victory 34
Blackmar, Esbon 36
Blair, Barnard 36
Blake. John, Jr 37
Blceckor, Hermanns 38
Bliss, Archibald M 38
Bloom, Isaac 38
Bockee, Abraham 39
Bodle, Charles 39
Boerum, Simon 39
Bokee, David A 39
Boody, Azariah 40
Borland, Charles, Jr 41
Borst, Peter 1 41
Bouck, Joseph 41
Bovee, Matthias J 42
Bowers, John M 43
INDEX BY STATES
645
Bowne, Obadiah 43
Bow no, Samuel S 43
Bovd, Alexander 43
Boyd, John H 43
Brewster, David P 48
Brijrg'^, George 48
Broadhead, Jolin C 49
Bron'^on, I^aac A 50
Brooks, David 50
Brooks, James 50
Brooks, Micah 51
Brown, Anson 51
Brown, John W 53
Briiyn, Andrew D. W 55
Biiel, Alexander H 56
Banner. Rudolph 58
Burr, Aaron 60
Burroughs, Silas M 60
Burrows, Lorenzo 61
Butterfield, Martin 63
Cady, Daniel 64
Cady, John W 64
Calkin, Henry R 65
Cambrelen<r, Churchill 0 66
Campbell, Samuel 68
Campbell, WilliamW 68
Cantine. Jolin 68
Carey, Jeremiah E 69
Carpenter, Davis 69
Carpenter, Levi D 70
Carroll, Charles II 70
Carroll, John M 71
Carter, Luther C 71
Case, Walter 71
Chamberlain, Jacob P 74
Chanler, John Winthrop 75
Chapin, Graham H 75
Cha^e, George W 76
Chase, Samuel 77
Childs, Thomas 77
Childs, Timothy.... 77
Chittenden, Simeon B 78
Chittendon, T. C 79
Churchill, John Charles 79
Clark. Ambrose W 80
Clark, Horace F 80
Clark, Lot 81
Clark, Robert 81
Clark, Samuel (see Michigan) 81
Clarke, Archibald S 81
Clarke, Bayard 81
Clarke, Charles E 82
Clarke, Freeman 82
Clarke, John C 82
Clarke, Staiev N... 83
Clinton, DeWitt 86
Clinton, George 86
Clinton, George, Jr 86
Clinton, James G 86
Cochran, James 88
Cochrane, Clark B 88
Cochnine, John 88
Colden, CadwalladerD 89
Collier, John A 90
Collin, JohnF 90
Collins, Ela 91
Collins, William 91
Comstock, Oliver C 91
Conger. Harmon S 92
Con'kling, Alfred ... 92
Conkling, Frederick A 92
Coiikling, Roscoe 92
Cook, Thomas B 94
Cooke, Bate 94
Cooper, William 95
Cornell, Thomas 96
Corning, Erastus 96
Cowles, George W 97
Cowles, Henry B 97
Craig, Hector 99
Cramer, John 99
Creamer, Thomas J 101
Crocheron, Henry 102
Croclieron, Jacob. 102
Crooke. Philip S 102
Cruger, Daniel 103
Culver, Erastus D 104
Cumming, Thomas W 104
Curtis. Edward ... 104
Cushman, John Paine : 105
Cuttimr, Francis B 106
Dana, Amasa 107
Darling, William A 109
Davis, Noah 112
Davis, Richard D 112
Davis, Thomas T 112
Davy, John M 113
Day, Rowland 113
Dayan. Charles 114
Di'un, Gilbi'rt 114
DuGiaff, John 1 116
Deitz, William — II5
Delaplaine, Isaac C II6
De Mott, John [[[[ 117
Denning, William 117
Denoyelles, Peter ' 118
DeWitt, Charles .".; 119
De Witt, Charles G 119
De Witt, Jacob H 119
Dickinson, Daniel S 12O
Dickinson, John D 120
Dickson, John 120
Dickson. Samuel 120
Diven. Alexander S 121
Dix, John A 121
Dodd, Edward 123
Dodge. William E 123
Doe, Nicholas B 123
Doig, Andrew W 123
Doubleday, Ulysses F 125
Dowse, William 125
Drake, John R 126
Duane, James 126
Dudley, Charles E 127
Duell, R. Holland 127
Duer, William 127
Duer, William 127
Duer, William 127
Dwinell, Justin 130
Eager, Samuel W 130
Earll, Jonas, Jr 131
Earll, Nehemiah H 131
Eaton, Lewis 132
Edward, John 133
Edwards, Francis S 133
Effner, Valentine 134
Egbert, Joseph 134
Ellicott, Benjamin 135
Ellis, Cheselden 136
Ellsworth, Samuel S 136
Elmendorf, Lucas 136
Ely, Allred 137
Ely, John 137
Ely, Smith, Jr 137
Emott, James 138
Evans, David E 139
Farlin, Dudley. 142
Fay, John 143
Fenion, Reuben E 144
Ferris, Charles G 144
Ferriss, Orange 144
Fields, William C , 145
Fillmore, Millard 145
Finch, Isaac 146
Fine, John , 146
Fisti, Hamilton 146
Fisher, George 147
Fisher, John 147"
Fisk, Jonathan 147
Fitch, Asa 147
Floyd, Charles A ! 149
Floyd, John G 149
Floyd, William 149
Flugler, Thomas T 149
Foote, Charles A 150
Ford, William D 151
Fosdick, NicoU 152
Foster, A, Lawrence 152
Foster, Henry A 153
Fox, John 154
Franchot, Richard 154
Frank, Augustus 154
Frost, Joel 157
Fuller, Philo C 157
Fuller, William K 157
Gallup, Albert 159
Gansevoort, Leonard 16U
Ganson, John IttO
Gardenier, Barent. 160
Garnsey, Daniel G 161
Garrow, Nathaniel 161
Gates, Seth Merrill 161
Gebhard, John 162
Geddes, James 162
German, Obadiah 162
Gilbert, Ezekiel 164
Gilbert, William A 164
Gillet, Ransom H 164
Glenn, Henry 166
Gold, Thomas R 107
Goodrich, Milo 168
Goodwin, Henry C 168
Goodyear, Charles 169
Gordon, James Ib9
Gordon, Samuel 169
Gott, Daniel 170
Gould, Herman D 170
Graham, James H 170
Granger, Amos P 170
Grander, Francis 170
Grant, Abraham P 171
Gray, Hiram 171
Greeley, Horace 172
Green, By ram 172
Greene, George W 173
Greig, John 17.3
Grinnell, Moses H 175
Griswold, Gaylord 175
Griswold, John A 175
Griswold, John A 175
Gross, Ezra C 175
Grosvenor, Thomas P 176
Grover, Martin 176
Gnyon, James, Jr 177
Hackley, Aaron, Jr 177
Haight, Edward 178
Hale, Robert S 179
Hall, George 180
Hall, Nathan K 180
Hallock, John, Jr 181
Halloway. Ransom 181
Halsey, Jehiel H ISI
Hal i-ey, NicoU 181
Halsey, Silas 181
Hamilton. Alexander 1IS2
Hammond, Jabez D 1 83
Hand, August is C 184
Hard, Gideon 185
Haring, John 186
Harris, Ira 188
Harris, John 1£9
Hart, Emanuel B 190
Hart, Roswell 191
Hasbrouck, Abraham 191
Hasbrouck, Abraham B 192
Hasbrouck, Josiah 192
Hascall, Augustus P 192
Haskin, John B 192
Hastings, George 192
Hatch, Israel T 192
Hatbawav. Samuel G 192
Hathorn, Henry H 192
Hathorn, John 192
Haven, Solomon G 193
Havens, Jonathan N 193
Hawkes, James 193
Hawkins, Jo^eph 193
Haws, J. H. Hobart 194
Hay den, Moses 194
Hazeltine, Abner 196
Herki mer, John 200
Herrick, Anson 200
Hen ick, Richard P 2(i0
Hewitt, Abram S , 201
Hoard, Charles B 205
Hobart, John Sloss 205
Hobbie, Selah R 2^5
Hoffman, Michael 206
Hoffman, Ogden 206
Hogan, William 206
Hogeboom, James L 207
Holley, John M 207
Holmes, Elias B 208
Holmes, Sidney T 208
Hopkins, Samuel M 210
Horton, Thomas R 211
Hosford, Jedediah 211
Hoskins, George G 21 1
Hosmer, Hezekiah L 211
Horchkiss, Giles W 211
Houck, Jacob, Jr 211
Hough. William J 211
Howe, Thomas Y., Jr 214
Howell, Edward 214
Howell, Nathaniel 214
Hubbard, Demas, Jr 215
Hubbard, Thomas H 215
Hnbbell, Edwin N 215
Hubbell, Williams 216
Hughes. Charles 216
Hughston, Jonas A 216
Hugunin, Daniel, Jr 216
Hulburd, Calvin T 217
Humphrey, James 217
Humphrey, James M 217
Humphrey, Reuben 217
Hungerford, Orville 217
Hunt, Hiram P 217
Hunt, Washington 218
Hunter, John W 218
Huntington, Abel 219
Irvine, William 222
Irving, William 222
Ives, Willard 223
Jackson, David S 223
Jackson, Thomas B 224
Jackson, W. T 224
Jay. John 225
Jenkins, Lemuel 226
Jenkins. Timothy 226
Jcwett, Freeborn G 227
Johnson, Jerotnus 229
Johnson, Noadiah 229
Johnston, Charles 230
Jones, Daniel T 231
Jones, Morgan 232
64:6
INDEX BY STATES
Jones, Nathaniel 232
Kalbfleisch, Martin 234
Kee^e, Kichard 235
Kello</g, Charles 23t)
Keliogj?. Orlando 23H
Kelly, John 236
Kel>^ey, William H 237
Keml)le, Gonveriieuf 237
Kemp^hall, Thomas 237
Kent, Moss 238
Kenyon, William S 23{t
Kernan, Francis 239
Kerrigan, James E 239
Ketcham, John H 239
King, John 242
King, John A 242
Kinii, Perkins 242
King, Preston 242
King, Rnfus 242
King. Rufiis H 242
Kin^^ella. Thomas 243
Kirkland, Joseph 244
Kirkpatvick, William 244
KirJand, Dorrance 244
Knapp, Charles 245
Knickerbocker, Herman 245
Laflin, Addison H 247
Lamport,William H 247
Lansing, Gerrit Y 249
Lansing, John 249
Lansing, William E 249
Laphani, Eidridge Gerry 249
Lawrence, Cornelius Van Wyck 251
Lawrence, John 252
Lawrence, John W 252
Lawrence Samuel 252
Lawrence, Sidney 252
Lawrence, William T 252
Lawson, John 1) 252
Lawyer, Thomas 253
Lay, George W 253
Leavenworth, Elias Warren 254
Lee, Gideon 254
Lee, Henry B 255
Lee, Joshua 255
Lee M. Lindley 255
Leflerts, John 256
Lent, James 257
Leonard, Moees G 257
Leonard, Stephen B 257
Lewis, Abner 257
Lewis, Francis 25«
L'Hommedieu, Ezra 259
Lincoln, William S 26(i
Linn, Archibald L 260
Litchfield, Eii-ha 260
Liltlejohn, De Witt C 260
Livingfton, Edward 261
Li vin'gi-ton, Henry Walter 261
Livingston, Philip 261
Livingion, Robert Le Roy , 261
Livingston, Robert R 261
Livingston, Walter 261
Loomis, Arphaxad 2(io
Lord, Frederick W 26i
Lord, Scott 2()4
Love, Thomas C 264
Lovett, John 264
Low, Isaac 265
Lyman, Joseph S 266
Lyon, Caleb of Lyonsdale 267
McDougJilI. Clinton D 268
Maclay, William B 268
Magee, John 269
Malloiy. Ml redith 27U
Mann,Abijah, Jr 270
Marcy, William Larned 272
Markell, Henry 272
Markell, Jacob 272
Mania, Frederick S 274
Martindale, Heiiry C 275
Marvin, Dudley 275
Marvin, James M 275
Marvin, RicliardP 275
Mason, William 276
Masters, Jo^^iah 276
Mathews, Vincent 277
Maiteson, Orsamus B 277
Maurice, James 277
Maxwell, Thomas 278
Mayham, S. L 27vS
Maynard, John 279
McCanhy, Dennis 279
McCarty, Andrew Z 280
McCartv. Richard 2^0
McClellan. Robert 280
McCoid, Andrew 281
McDougall, A.lexander 283
McKean, James Bedell 285
McKecm, John aSti
McKis^ock, Thomas 286
McManus, William 287
McNulta, John 288
McVean, Charles 288
Meade, Edwin R 289
Meigs, Henry 289
Mel lish, David B 290
Merriam, Clinton L 291
Metcalf, Arunah.. 291
Metcalfe, Henry B 291
Miller, John 293
Miller, Killian '. 293
Miller, Morris S 293
Miller, RutgerB 294
Miller, Samuel F 294
Miller, William S ,. 294
Mitchell, Charles F 295
Mitchell, Henry 295
Mitchell, Samuel Latham 296
Moffit. Hosea 296
Monell, Robert 297
Montanva, J. D. L 297
Moore, Ely 298
Morgan, Christopher 299
Morgan, Edwin B 300
Morgan, Edwm D 300
Morgan, John J 300
Morris, Daniel 301
Morris, Gouverneur 301
Morris. Lewis 302
Morris. Thomas S02
Morrissey, John 303
Morse. O. A 303
Moseley. William A 304
Mullin, Joseph 3(l5
Mumlord, Gurdon S 306
Munroe, James 306
Murphy, Henry C 306
Murray, Ambrose S 306
Murray. William 307
Nelson, Homer A 308
Nelson, William 309
Nicholson, John 311
Nicoll, Henry 311
Niven, Archibald C 312
Noble, William H 312
Nor! h, Wi lliam 313
Norton. Elienezer F 313
N-.rton, Nelson J% 313
Oakley. Thomas Jackson 314
Odell, Moses F 315
Odell, N. Holmes 315
Ogden, David A 3l5
Olin, Abraliam B 316
Oliver, Andrew 316
Oliver, William M 316
Page, Sherman 320
Paine, Epliraim 321
Palen. hnfus 321
Palmer, Beriah 321
Palmer. George W 322
Palmer, John 322
P:irker, Amata J..' 322
Parker, John M 823
Partridge, Samuel 325
Patterson, John 325
Patterson. Thomas J 325
Patterson, Walter 326
Patterson, William 326
Paulding, William, Jr 326
Peck, Jared V 327
Peck. Luther C 327
Peckham. Rufus W 327
Peek. Hermanus 328
Pelton, GuvR 328
Pendleton. Edmund H 328
Perkins. Bishop 329
Perry, Eli 330
Petrie, George 331
Phelps, Oliver 332
Phelps, William Walter 333
Phoenix, J. Phillips 333
Pierson, Jeremiah H 336
Pier.-^on. Job 336
Pitcher, Nathaniel 337
Piatt. Jonas 338
Piatt, Thomas C 338
Piatt. Zepbaniah 338
Pomeroy, Tiicodore M 340
Pond, Benjamin 340
Porter, James 341
Porter, Peter B 341
Porter. Timothy H 341
Post, Jotham, Jr 342
Potter, Clarkson Nott 342
Pottle. Emory B 343
Powers, Gershoin 343
Pratt, Zad"ck 344
Prentiss, John H 344
Prindle. Eiizur H 346
Priiigle, Benjamin 346
Pruvn, John V. L 346
Purdy. Smith M 346
Putnam, Harvey 347
Radford. W^illiam 348
Rathbun, George 351
Raymond, Henry J 351
Reed, Edward C 353
Reeves, Henry A 353
Richmond, Hiram H 357
Richmond, Jonathan 357
RigiiS, Lewis 357
Riker, Samuel 357
Ripley, Thomas C 358
Risley, Elijah 358
Robbie, Reuben 3,59
Robert s, Ellis H 360
Roberts, William R 360
Robertson, William H 360
Robinson, Orville 361
Robinson, William E 361
Rochester, William B 3<(1
Rogers, Charles. . • 3«)2
Rogers, Edward 3ii2
Rogers, John 363
Roosevelt, James 1 363
Roosevelt, Robert B 363
Root, Erastus 364
Rose, Robert L ;-;64
Rose, Robert S 364
Ross, Henry H 3f)4
Rowe. Peter ,365
Kugglos, Charles H 366
Rumsey, David, Jr 366
Russell, David 367
Russell, Jeremiah 367
Russell. John , . 367
Russell, Jo'^t'ph 367
Russell, William P 367
Sackett, William A 368
Sage, Ebenezer 363
Sage, Rus.«ell 368
Sailly, Peter 369
Sammons, Thomas 369
Sandlord, John ,369
Sandford, Jonah " 369
Sands, Joshua ,309
Sanford, Jonah 370
Sanlord, Nathan 370
Sanford, Stephen 570
Savage, John .371
Schell, Richard... 372
Schenck, Abraham H :-,72
Scliermerliorn. Abraham M 372
Schoolcraft, John L. 373
Schoonntaker, Cornelius C 373
Schoonmaker, Marius 373
Schiiniaker, John G 373
Schiineman, Martin G 373
Schuyler, Philip 374
Schuyler, Philip J ,374
Scott, John Morin 374
Scudder, Henry J 376
Scudder, Treadwell 376
Seaman, Henry J ,376
Searing, John A 37ft
Sedgwick, C. B 376
Seeley, John E ,377
Seidell, Dudley ,377
Selye, Lewis .377
Seward, William H 319
Seymour, David L ,379
Seymour. William ,379
Sliarpe, Peter S80
Sheldon, Porter 382
Sherman, J. W 383
Sherman, Socrates N 384
Sherrill, Eliakim 384
Sherwood, Samuel 384
Shipheid, Zebnlon R., 385
Sibley, Mark H 386
Sickles, Daniel E 386
Sickles, Nicholas 386
Silvester, Peter 386
Silvester, Peter H 386
Slingerland, John 1 388
Slocum, Henry W 3S9
Small, William B 389
Smart, James S 389
Smith, Albert 390
Smith, B^ardman H 3!>o
Smiih, Edward Henry 390
Smith, Gerrit 391
Smith, John 392
Smith, Melancthon 393
Smith. William S 395
Snow, William W .396
Soule. Nathan 395
Spaulding, Elbridge G 393
Spencer, Ambrose 398
Spencer, Elijah 398
Spei cer, James B 393
Sjiencer, John C 398
Spinner. Francis E 399
Starkweather, George A 402
Stebbins, Henry G 403
INDEX BY STATES,
647
Steele. JohuB 403
Stephens, Abraham P 404
Sterling-, Mica 404
Stets^on, Lemuel 405
Stewart, Thomas E 406
St. John, Charles 407
St. John. Daniel B 407
Stt)ns, Henry R 409
Stow, Silas 410
Stower, John & 410
Stranahan, J. S. T 410
Street, J^andall S 411
Strong James 411
Strong, Selah B 411
Strong, Stephen 411
Stioiiir. Theron R 411
Sutherland. Josiah 414
Swart, Peter 414
Taber, Stephen 415
Taber, Thomas 415
Talbot, Silas 416
Talluiadge, Frederick A 416
Tallmadire, James Jr 4i6
Tallniadge, Nathaniel P 417
Tanner, A. H 417
Taylor, Asher 418
Taylor, George ;. 418
Taylor, John J 418
Taylor John W 410
Taylor, Nelson 419
Taylor, William 4i9
Teller, Isaac 420
Ten Eyck, E'^bert 420
Thomas, David 4-J2
Thompson, Joel 423
Thompson, John 423
Thompson, John 423
Q'hroop, Enos T 425
Thurman, John R 426
Tibbetts, George 426
Titus, ubadlah 427
Tomlinson, Thomas A 428
Tomkins, Caleb 428
Toiukms, Daniel D 42S
Townsend, Dwight 429
Townsend, George 429
Townsend, James 429
Townsend, Martin 1 429
Tracy, Albert H 429
Tracy, Phineas L 429
Tracy, Uri 429
Tredwell. Thotnas 430
Treraain, Lyman 430
Tnrrell, Joel 435
Tutinll, Joseph H 435
Tuihill, Seah 435
Tweed, William M 435
Tyler, Asher 435
Tyson, Jacob 436
Underbill, Walter 436
Vail, Henry 437
Valk, William W 437
Van Aernam, Henry 43iS
Van Allen, James Q 438
Van Allen, John E 438
VanBuren, John 438
Van Buren, Martin 438
Van Cortland t, Philip 439
Van Corllandt, Pierce, Jr 4;i9
Vanderpoul, Aaron 439
Vauderveer, Abraham 439
Van Gaasbeck. Peter 439
Van Horn, Burt 439
Van Houton, Isaac B 439
Van Ness. John P 440
Van Rensselaer, Henry, 440
Van liensselaer, Jeremiah 440
Van Rensselaer, Killian K 440
Van Rensseiaer, Solomon , . 440
Van Rensselaer, Stephen 440
Van Valkenburgh, Robert B 440
Van Wyck, Charles H 441
Van Wyck, William W 441
Verplanck, Daniel C 441
Verplanck, Gulian C 441
Vibbard, Chauncey 442
Wagner, Peter J 443
Wakeman, Abraham 444
Walbridge, Henry S 444
Walbridgi', Hiram 414
Walden, Hiram 444
Walker, Benjamin 445
Walker, C.C. B 445
Walker. William A 446
Wall, William 446
Walsh, Mike 447
Walworth, Reuben Hyde 448
Ward, Aaron 448
Ward. Elijah 448
Ward, Hamilton 449
Ward, Jonathan 449
Warden, Daniel 449
Warren, Cornelius 450
Warren, Joseph M 450
Watson, James 452
Watts, John 453
Wells, Alfred 455
Wells, John 456
Wendover, Peter H 456
Westbrook, Theodoric R 457
W^esterlo, Rensselaer 457
Whallon, Reuben 457
Wheaton, Horace 458
Wheeler, Grattan H 458
Wheeler, John 45v^
Wheeler, William A 458
White, Bartow W 459
White, Campbell P 459
White, Hugh 459
White, Joseph L 460
Whitehouse, John 0 461
Whitney, Thomas R 461
Whittemore, Elias 462
Whittlesey, Frederick 462
Wickes, Eliphalet 462
Wilber, David 463
Wilkin, James W 464
Wilkin, Samuel J 464
Williams, Andrew 465
Williams, Isaac, Jr 466
Williams, John 466
Williams, John 466
Williams, Nathan 467
Williams, William 468
Willis, Benjamin A 469
Willonghby, Westel, Jr 469
Wilson, Isaac 470
Wilson, Nathan 471
Winfield. Charles H 472
Winter, Elisha J 473
Wisner, Henry 473
Wood, Benjamin 475
Wood, Bradford R 475
Wood, Fernando 475
Wood, John J 475
Wood, Silas 475
Woodcock, David 476
Woodruff, Thomas M. 476
Woods, William 476
Wood worth, William W 477
Wright, Silas 479
Yates, Abraham, Jr 480
Yates, John B 480
Yates, Peter W 480
Young, John 481
North Carolina.
Abbott, John C 1
Alexander, Evan 4
Alexander, Nathaniel 4
Alston, Willis 6
Arrington, H. Archibald 12
Ashe, John Baptiste 12
Ashe, Thomas S 12
Ashe, William S 12
Badger, George E 15
Barringer, Daniel L 22
Barringer, Daniel Moreau 22
Hethune, Laughlin 31
Biggs, Asa 33
Blackledge, William 35
Blackledge, William S 35
Blood worth, Timothy 38
Blount, Thomas 39
Boyden, Nathaniel 44
Biagg, Thomas 46
Branch. John 46
Branch, Lawrence O'Brien 46
Brown, Bedford 51
Bryan, John H 55
Bryan, Joseph H 55
Bryan, Joseph H 55
Bryan, Nathan 55
Bryde, Archibald, M 55
Burgess. Dempsey 58
Burke, Thomas 58
Burton, Hutchins G 61
Burt(m, Robert 61
Bynum, Jesse A 63
Caldwell, Greene W 64
Caldwell, Joseph P 64
Carson, Samuel P 71
Caswell, Richard 73
Clark, Henry S 80
Clark, James W 81
Clingman, Thomas L 86
Cobb, Clinton L 87
Cockran, James 89
Connor, Henry W 93
Craige, Burton 99
Crudup. Josiah 103
Culpepper, John 103
Gumming, William 104
Daniel, John R. J 108
Davidson, William 110
Davis, Joseph J 112
Dawson, William J 113
Deberry, Edmund 115
Deweese, John T , 118
Dickens, Samuel 119
Dixon, Joseph 122
Dixon, Joseph Henry 122
Dobbin, James C 122
Dockery, Alfred 122
Dockery, Olivei H 122
Donnell, Richard S 124
Dudley, Edward B 127
Edwards, Weldon N 134
Fisher, Charles 147
Forney, Daniel M 151
Forney, Peter 151
Franklin, Jesse , 155
Franklin. Meshack 155
French, John R 156
Gartlin, Alfred 161
Gaston, William 161
Giles, John 164
Gillespie. James 164
Gilmer, John A 165
Graham, James 170
Graham. William A 170
(irove, William B 176
Hall, Thomas H 180
Harnett, Cornelius 187
Harper, James C 187
Hawkins, Benjamin 193
Hawkins, M. T 193
Haywood, William H., Jr 195
Heaton, David 196
Henderson, Archibald . 197
Hewes, Joseph 201
Hevward, Thomas 201
Hill, John 203
Hill, Whitmell 203
Hill, William H. . . , 203
Hines, Richard 204
Holland, James 207
Holmes, Gabriel 208
Hooks, Charles 209
Hooper, William 209
Hymaii, John Adams 220
Iredell, James 221
Johnson, James 228
Johnston, Charles 230
Johnston, Samuel 231
Jones, Alexander H 231
Jones, Allen 231
Jones, Willie 233
Kenan, Thomas 237
Kennedy, William 238
Kerr. John 239
Lash, Israel G , 250
Leach, James M 253
Locke, Francis 262
Locke, Matthew 262
Long, John 263
Love, William C 264
Macon, Nathaniel 268
Mangum, Willie P 270
Manning, John, Jr 271
iViartin, Alexander 274
McDowell, Joseph 283
McFarlan, Duncan 283
McKav, James J 2.S5
McNiel, Arcliibald 288
Mebane, Alexander 289
Merrimon, Augustus S 291
Mitchell, Anderson 295
Montgomery, William 297
Morehead. I. T 299
M umford, George . 306
Mnrfree, William H 306
Nash, Abner 307
Outlaw, David 319
Outlaw, George C 319
Owen, James 3i9
Paine, Robert T 321
Pearson, Joseph 327
Pen n , John 329
Petrigrew. Ebenezer 331
Pickens, Israel (see Alabama) 334
Pool, John 340
Potter, Robert 342
Purviance, Samuel D 317
Puryear, Richard C 347
Ransom, Mathew W 350
Rayner, Kenneth 351
Reade, Edwin G 352
Eeid, David S 353
Rencher. Abraham 354
Robbins. William M 359
Rogers. Sion H 363
Ruftin, Thomas 366
Saunders, Romulus M 371
Sawyer, Lemuel 371
C48
INDEX BY STATES
Sawyer, S. T 371
Scales, Alfred M., Jr 372
Settle, Thonlas 378
Sevier. John (see Teunessee) 378
Shadwick, William 379
Sharpe, William 380
Hhaw, Henry M 381
Shepard. Cliarles B 382
Shepard William B 382
Sheppurd. Augustus H 383
Shober, Francis E 385
Sitgreaves, John 387
Slocum, Jesse 389
Smith, James S 391
Smith, William Alexander 395
Smith, William N. H 395
Spai-rlit, Richard D 397
Spaijihr, Richard D 397
Stanford. Richard 401
Stanley. Edward 401
Stanley. John 401
Steele, John 403
Stewart. James 406
Stokes, Men tford 408
Stone, David 408
Strange, Robert 410
Swan, John 414
Tatum, Absalom 418
Thomas, Charles R 422
Turner, Daniel 434
Turner, James 434
Vance, Robert Brank 438
Vance, Robert B 438
Vance, Zebuhm B 438
Vcnable, Abraham W 441
Waddell, Alfred Moore 4J3
Walker, Felix 445
Washington, William H 452
Williams, Benjamin 465
Williams, John 466
Williams, Lewis 467
Williams, Marmaduke 467
Williams, Robert 4fi7
Williamson, Hugh 468
Winslow, Warren 472
Winston. Joseph 473
Wynii, Thomas 479
Yancy, Bartlett 480
Yates, Jesse J 480
Ohio.
Albright, Charles J 3
Alexander, James, Jr 4
Alexander. John 4
Allen, John W 5
Allen, William 5
Allen, William 5
Ambler, Jacob A 7
Andrews. Sherlock J 9
Ashlev, James M 13
Ball, Edward 19
Banning'. Henry B 20
Barber, Lnvi 20
Barrere, Nelson 22
Bartlev. Mordecai 23
Beall. Rezin 26
Beatty, John 26
Beecher. Philemon 27
Bell, Hiram 28
Bell, James M 28
BeiK John 28
Berry, John 31
Binirham, John A 34
Blake, Harrison G 37
Bliss, George 38
Bliss, Philemon 38
Bond, William Key 40
Brinkerhoff. Henry R 48
Brinkerhofl", Jacob 4S
Brown, Ethan A 52
Brush. Henry 54
Buckhind, Ralph P 56
Biindy, Htzekiah S 58
Burnet, Jacob 59
Buriis, Joseph 60
Busbv, George H 61
Calil J. Joseph 63
Caldwell, Jimes 64
Cambtll, Alexander 66
Campbell, John W 67
Campbell, Lewis D 67
Cani)y, Richard S 68
Carey, John 6M
Canter. David K 71
Cary. Samuel F 71
Chanibeis, David 74
Chaney, tlohn 75
Chase, ^alTnon P 76
Clarke, Reader Wright 82
Clendenen, David 85
Cockerill, Joseph R 89
Coffin, Charles G 89
Cooke, Eleutheros 94
Corwin, Moses B 96
Corwin, Thomas .. 96
Cowan, Jacob P 97
Cowen, Benjamin S 97
Cox, Samuel S 98
Crane. Joseph H 99
Creighton. William 101
Crowell, John 103
Cummins, John D 104
Cunningham, Francis A 104
Cutler, William P 106
Danford. Lorenzo 108
Davenport, John 110
Day, Timothy C 114
Dean, Ezra 114
Delano, Columbus 116
Dickinson, Edward F 120
Dickinson, Rudolphus ■ 120
Disney, David T 121
Doane, William 122
Dodds, Ozro J 12:3
Duncan, Alexander 128
Duncan. Daniel 128
Eckley, Ephraim R 132
Edgerton, Alfred P 132
Edgerton, Sidney 132
Edwards, Tom O 134
Eggleston, Benjamin 134
Elliscm, Andrew .• 136
Emrie. J. Reece 138
Evans, Nathan 140
Ewing, Thomas 141
Faran, James J 142
Fearing, Paul 143
Findlay, James 146
Fink, William E 146
Fisher, David 147
Florence, Elias 148
Foster, Charles 152
Fries, George 157
Galloway, Samuel 159
Gurtield, James A 160
Gay lord, James M 162
Gazlcy, James W 162
Giddintrs, Joshua R 163
Goode,>atrick G 167
Goodenow, Jol)n M 167
Green, Frederick W 172
Griswold, Stanley 175
Groesbeck, William S 175
Gunckel. Lewis B 176
Gurley, John A 177
Hall, Lawrence W 180
Hamer, Thomas L 181
Hamilton, Cornelius S 182
Hamlin, Edward S im
Harlan, Aaron 186
Harper, Alexander 187
Harrison, John S 190
Harrison, Ricliard A 190
Harrison, William Henry 190
Hastings, John 192
Hayes, Rutherford B 195
Helmick, William 197
Herrick, Samuel 201
Hitchcock, Peter 204
Hoag, Truman H 205
Hoagland, Moses 205
Horton, Valentine B 211
Howard. William 213
Howell, Elias 214
Hubbell, James R 215
Hunter, William F 219
Hunter. William H 219
Hurd, Frank Hunt 219
Hutcliius, John 22il
Hutchins. Wells A 220
Irvin, William W 222
Jennings, David 226
Jewett, Hugh J 227
Johnson, Harvey H 228
Johnson, John 229
Johnson. Perley B 229
Johnson, William 230
Jones, Benjamin 231
Kennon, William 2-i8
Kerr, Joseph 239
Kilbourn. James 240
Kiliiore, Daniel 240
King. Adam 241
Lahm, Samuel 247
Lamison, Charles N 2^7
Lawrence, WilJiam 252
Lawrence, William 252
Leadbetter, D. P 253
Leavitt, Humi)hrey H 254
Le Blond, Francis C 254
Lfiter. Benjamin F 257
Lindsley, William D 260
Long, Alexander 263
Lvtie, Robert T 267
Martin, Charles D 274
Mason, Samson 276
Mathews, James 276
Mathiot, Joshua 277
McArthur, Duncan 279
McCauslen, William C 280
McKinney, John F 286
McLane, Jeremiah 286
McLean, John 286
McLean, William 287
McMahon, John A 287
Medill, William 289
Meigs, Return J 289
Mi Her. John K 293
Miller, Joseph 293
Mitchell. Robert 296
Monroe, James 297
Moore. Eliakim Hastings 298
Moore, Heman A 298
Moore, Oscar F 298
Morgan, George W 300
Morris, Calvary 301
Morris, James R 302
Morris, Jonathan D 302
Morris, Joseph 302
Morris, Thomas 302
Morrow. Jeremiah 303
Mott, Richard 304
Muhlenberg, Francis Samuel 305
Mnngen. William 306
Neal, Lawrence T 307
Newton, Ebon 310
Nichols, Matthias H 311
Noble, Warren P 312
Nugen, Robert H 314
Olds, Edson B 316
O'Neill, John 317
Parrish, Isaac 324
Parsons, Richard C 324
Patterson, John 325
Patterson, William 326
Payne, Henry B 326
Peck, Erasmus D 327
Pendleton, George H 328
Pendleton, Nathaniel Greene 328
Perrill, Augustus L 330
Plants, Tobias A 338
Poppleton, E. F 340
Potier, Emery D 342
Pugh, George Ellis 346
Rice, Americus V 355
Riddle, Albert G 357
Ridgway, Joseph 357
Ritchey, Thomas 358
Robinson, James W 361
Root, Joseph M 364
Ruggles. Benjamin 366
Russell, William 367
Sai)p, WilliamR 370
Savage, John S 371
Sawyer, William 372
Sayler. Milton 372
Schenck, Robert C 372
Shaimon, Thomas 380
Shannon, Wilson 380
Shelabarger, Samuel 382
Sheplor, Matthias 383
Shtrman, John 383
Sherwood, Isaac R 384
Shields. James 384
Sloane, John 388
Sloine, Jonathan 389
Smith, John o92
Smith, John A 392
Smith , John Q 392
Sout hard. Mil i on J 397
Spalding. Rufus Paine 397
Spangler, David 397
Sprague. William P 400
Stanberry, William 401
Stanton, Benjamin 401
Starkweather, David A 402
Stevenson, Job E 4tt6
St. John. Henry 407
StoMfeley. Samuel 408
Stone, Al (red P 408
Stort- r, Bellamy 409
Strader, P. W 410
Stuart. Andrew 412
Swearingen, Henry 414
Sweeny, George 415
Sweetser. Charles 415
Tappan, Benjamin 417
Taylor, John L 418
Taylor, Jonathan 419
Theaker, Thomas C 421
Thnmson, John 425
Thurman, Allen G 425
Tiffin. Edward 426
Tilden, Daniel R 426
Tomkins, Cydnor B 428
INDEX BY STATES
G19
Town send, N. S 429
Trinil>le. C.iry A 431
Trimble, William A 431
Upson, William H 437
Vallnndigham, Clement L 4^7
Vance, Jolin L : 438
Vance, Joseph 438
Van Metre, John J 439
Van Trump, Phi ladelph 440
Van Voorhes, Nelson H 440
Vinton. Samuel F 442
Wade, Benjamin F 443
Wade, Edward 443
Walling, Ansel T 447
Watson, Cooper K 452
Webster, Taylor 454
Welch, John 455
Welker, Martin 455
Weller, John B 455
White, Chilton A 459
White, Joseph W 460
Whi triesey, Eiislia 462
Whittlesey, William A 462
Wilson, Jeremiah M 471
Wilson, John T 471
Wilson, William... 471
Winans, James January 471
Wood, Amo8 E 475
Woods, John 476
Woodworth, Laurin D 477
Worcester, Samuel T 477
Worth ington, Thomas 478
Wright, John C 478
Oregrou.
Corbett, Henry W. . . 95
Grover, Lalayette 176
Harding, Benjamin F 186
Henderson, John H. D 19S
Kelly, James K 2:^6
La Dow. George A 246
Lane, Joseph 248
Lane, La Fayette 249
Mailorv, Rul'us 270
McBricle, John R 2;9
Mitchell, Jol-.n H 296
Nesraith, James W 309
Shiel, George K 384
Slater, James H. 388
Smith, Delazon 390
Smith, Joseph S 393
Stark, Benjamin 402
Slout, Lansing 410
Tliurston, Samuel R 426
Williams, George H 465
Pennsylvania .
Acker, Ephraim L 1
Addams, William 3
Ahl, John A 3
Albright, Charles 3
Allen, Andrew 4
Allison, James 6
Alli>on, John 6
Allison, Robert 6
Ancona. Sydenham E 7
Anderson, Isaac 7
Anderson, Samuel 7
Anderson, William 7
Anthony, Joseph B 9
Armstrong, James 10
Armstrong, William H 11
A<h, Michael W 12
At Lee, Samuel John 14
Babbitt, Elijah 15
Baily, Joseph 16
Baldwin. Henry 18
Banks, John 19
Barclay, David 20
Bard. David 20
Barker, Abraham A 20
Barlow, Steplieu 21
Barnjud, Isaac D 21
Birnitz. Charles A 21
Bayard, John 21
Beatty, William 27
Benumont, Andrew 27
Beeson, Henry W 28
Bibighaus, Thomas M ' 31
Biddle, Ctijirles John 31
B^ddli', E Iward 32
Biddle, Richard 32
Bid'ack, Benjamin A 32
Biery. Jam^s S 33
Bi.'ler, William 33
Bingham, William 34
Binney, Horace 34
Black, Henry 35
Black, James 35
Blair, Samuel S 37
Blanchard, John 37
Boden, Andrew 39
Boude, Thomas 41
Boudinftt, Elias 41
Boyer, Benjamin M 44
Bradshaw, Samuel C 46
Brady, Jasper E 46
Rreck, Samuel 47
Bridges, Samuel A 48
Brodliead, Richard 49
Broom, Jacob 51
Broomall, John M 51
Brown, Charles. v 52
Brown, Jeremiah 52
Brown, John 53
Brown, Robert 53
Buchanan, Andrew 55
Buchanan, James.... 55
Bucher, John C 55
Buckalew, Charles R 56
Buffington, Joseph 57
Bti rd, George 58
Burnett, Frank C 59
Burnside, Thomas 60
Butler, Chester 62
Cadwalader, John 63
Cadwal ider, Lambert 63
Cake, Henry L 64
Calvin, Samuel 66
Cameron, Simon 66
Campbell, James H 67
Campbell, John H 67
Casey, Joseph 72
Cessna, John 73
Chambers, George 74
Chandler, Joseph R 75
Chapman, Henry 76
Chapman, John 76
Clark, M. S 81
Clark, William 81
Clarkson, Matthew 83
Clingan, William 86
Clymer, George 87
Clymer, Hiester 87
Cochran, Alexander C 88
Coif roth, Alexander H 89
Collins, Francis D 91
Conrad, Frederick 93
Conrad, John 93
Cooper, James 95
Cooi)er, Thomas B 95
Coulter, Richard 96
Covode, John 97
Cowan, Edgar 97
Coxe, Tench 98
Crawford, Thomas H 100
Crawford, William , lOU
Creely, John V 101
Crouch, Edward 103
Culver, Charles Vernon 104
Curtis, Carlton B 104
Dallas, George Mifflin 107
Daiiner, W. B 108
Darlington, Edward 109
Darlington, Isaac 109
Darragh, Cornelius 109
Davies, Edward , 110
Davis, John Ill
Davis, Roger 112
Davis, William M 113
Dawson, John L 113
Denison, Charles 117
Dennison, George 117
Denny, Harmar 118
Dewart, Lewis 118
Dewart. William L 118
Dick, John 119
Dickey, Jesse C 119
Dickey, John 120
Dickey, Oliver J 120
Dickinson, John (see Delaware) 120
Dimmick, Milo M 121
Dimmick, William H 121
Dimock, Davis, Jr 121
Donley, Joseph B 124
Drum, Augustus 126
Eckert, George N 132
Etiie, John R 132
Edwards, John 133
Edwards, Samuel 134
Egbert, A. G 134
Ege, George 134
Eldred, Nathaniel B 135
Ellis, William C 136
Erdman. Jacob 138
Evans, Joshua 139
Eveihart, William 141
EwingJohnH 141
Farrelly, John W 142
Farrelly, Patrick 142
Findlay, John 146
Findlay, William 146
Findlay, William 146
Finney, Darwin A 146
Fitzsimons. Thomas 148
Florence, Thomas B 149
I^'ord, James 151
Fornance, Joseph 151
Forrest, Thomas 151
Forward, Chauncey 152
Forward, Walter • 152
Foster, Henry D 153
Franklin, Benjamin 154
Freediey, John 1.55
Freeman, Chapman 155
Frey, Joseph 156
Flick, Henry 157
Fry, Jacob. Jr 157
Fuller, George . 157
Fuller, Henry M 157
Fullertoi), David 1.58
Galbraith, John 158
Gallatin, Albert 159
Galloway. Joseph 159
Gamble, James 159
Gardner, Joseph 160
Garvin. William S 161
Gerry, James 163
Getz, ,T. Lawrence 163
Gilfillan, C. W 164
Gillis, James L 165
Gilmore, Alfred 165
Gilmore, John 166
Glasgow, Hugh I66
GloMinger, John 166
Glossbrenner, Adam J 166
Green, Innis 172
Gregg, Andrew 173
Griffin, Isaac 174
Griffith, Samuel 174
Gross, Samuel 175
Grow, Galusha A 176
Gustine, Amos 177
Hahn, John 17S
Haldeman, Richard J 178
Hale, James T 179
Hall, Chapin 179
Hamilton, John 182
Hammond, Robert H 183
Hampton, Moses im
Hand, Edward 184
Hanna, John A 1S4
Harmer, Alfred C 187
Harper, Francis J 187
Harper, James 187
Harris, Robert 189
Harrison, S. S 190
Hartley, Thomas 191
Havs, L. Samuel 195
Heister, Daniel 196
Heister, Daniel 196
Heister, John 196
Heister, Joseph 196
Heister. William 197
Hemphill, Joseph 197
Hf nderson, Joseph ] 98
Henderson, Samuel 198
Henry, Thomas 199
Henry, William 200
Hibshman. Jacob 202
Hickman. John 202
Hiester, Isaac Ellmaker ^02
Hill, Thomas 203
Hoge, John 207
Hoge, William 207
Hook, Enos .. 209
Hopkins, James Herron 210
Hopkinson, Joseph 210
Horn. Henry 210
Hornbeck, John W 210
Hostetter, Jacob 211
Howe, John W 213
Howe, Thomas M 214
Hi. bley, Edward B 216
Humphrey, Charles 2l7
Humphreys, Charles 217
Humphreys, Jacob 2l7
Hyneman, John M 220
Ihrie, Peter 2^0
Ingersoll, Charles J 221
Ingeisoll, Jared 221
Ingersoll. Joseph R 221
Ingham, Samuel D 221
Irvin, Alexander 222
Irvin, James 222
Irvine, William 222
Irwin, Jared '^22
Irwin, Thomas 222
Irwin, William W 222
Jack, William 223
Jackson. David 223
Jacobs. Israel 225
James. Francis 22 >
Jenkins, Robert 226
650
INDEX BY STATES
Jenks, Gfiorge A 226
Jeiik.s, Michael H 22«
Johnson, Pliilip 229
Jt'iice, J. Qlaiicy 2:^2
Jones, Owen 232
Jones. William 233
Junkin, Benjamin T 231
Keim, Gecrge May 235
Keim, William H .. 335
Kelley, William W 236
Kelly, James 236
Kerr, John 239
Kclchnm, Winthrop W. 239
Killinger, John W 241
Kintr, Henry 241
Kiirera, John W 244
Kittera, Thomas 244
Klinjrt^nsmilh, John, Jr 245
Kniijht, Jonathan 245
Koont.z, William H 246
Krebs, Jacob 246
Krt-mer. George 246
Knhns. Jot^eph H 246
Knnkel. John C 246
Knrtz. William H 246
Lacock, Abner 246
Landy, James 248
Laporte, John 250
Lawrence, Georsje V 251
Lawrenc, Joseph 252
Lizear. Jesse 253
Leet, Isaac 256
Lel'evre, Joseph 256
Lehman, William E 256
Leil>, Michael 256
Leib, Owen D 256
Liidy, Paul 256
Leiper, Georo;e G 257
Levin, Lewis C 257
Lop;an, Ge rge 262
Lojran, Henry 262
Loni^necker, Henry C 263
liOwcr, Christian 265
Lowric, Walter 265
Lncas, John B. C 265
Lv le, Aaron 266
Maclcey. L. A 268
Maclaiiahan, James X 268
Maclay, Samuel 26S
Maclny, William 268
Maclay, William 268
M^(;lay, William P 268
Magce, Joiin A 269
Maish, Levi 270
Maun, Job.. 271
Mann, Joel K 271
Marcliaiid, Albert G 271
Marchaiid. David 271
Markley, Philip S 2^2
Marks, William 272
Marr, Alem 272
Matlack, Timothy 277
McAllister, Archibald 279
Mc('l-an, Moses 280
McClelland, William 280
McClenachan, Blair 280
McCIene, James 280
McCoy. Robert 281
McCreedy, William 282
McCuUoch, George 282
McCuHoch, Joiin 282
McCtillocii, Thomas G 282
Mcllvaine, Abraham R 284
McJnnkin. Ebenezer 284
McKi^an. Samuel 285
McKenuan. Thomas M. T 285
McKenty, Jacol) K 286
McKnight, Robert 286
Mc Nair, John 2s7
McPherson. Edward., 288
McSlierry. James 288
Mercnr. Ulysses 290
Me'erlith Samuel 290
Meyers, Benjamin P 292
Middles warth. Ner 292
Milllin, Thomas 292
Miller, Daniel H 293
Milier, George F 293
Miller, Jesse 293
Miller, William fl 294
Mill ward, John 295
Milhvaid, William 295
Mil nor, James 295
Milnor, William 295
Miner, Charles 295
Mitchell, J.imes S 2915
Mitchell. John 296
Moflf(!t, John 296
Montgomery, Daniel •. 297
Monrgoinery, Jolin G 297
Monti^'Oiuery, Joseph 297
Montgomery, William 297
Montgomery, William 297
Moore, Henry D 298
Moore, Robert 298
Moore, Samuel 298
Moore, William 8 299
Moorhead, James Kennedy 299
Morrell, Daniel J 300
Morris, Charles 301
Morris, Edward Joy 301
Morris, Maihias 302
Morris, Robert 302
Morris, Samuel W 302
Morri^on, John A 303
Morton, John 303
Mnhlenberg, Frederick Augustus 805
Mnhleiibei-g, Henry Augustus 3(i5
Mnhlenberg, Henry Augustus 305
Mnhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel 305
Murray, John 306
Murray, Thomas 307
Mutchler, William 307
Myers, Amos 307
Myers, Leonard 307
Naylor, Charles 307
Negley, James S 308
Nes, Henry 309
Newhard, Peter 310
Ogle, Alexander 315
Ogle, Andrew J «115
Ogle, Charles 315
O'Neill. Charles 317
Orr, Robert 317
Packer, Asa 320
Packer, John B 320
Parker, Andrew 322
Patterson, Thomas 325
Patton, John 326
Pawling, Levi 32<i
Paynter, Lemuel 326
Pearce, John J 327
Peters, Richard 331
Petriken. David 331
Pettit, Charles 331
Pettis, S. Newton 331
Phelps, Darwin 332
Phillips, Henry M 33:3
Phillips. John 333
Philson. Robert 333
Piper, William 337
Pitman, Charles W 338
Plumer, Arnold 338
Plumer, George 338
Pollock, James 339
Porter, John 341
Potter, William W 343
Potts. David, Jr 313
Powell, Joseph 343
Pugh, John 346
Purviance, Samuel A 346
Ramsay, Robert 348
Ramsey, William 34<»
Kamsey, William S 349
Randall. Samuel J 349
Rea, John 351
Read, Almon H 351
Read. J 352
Heading, John R 352
Reed, Charles M 353
Reed, Joseph 3.53
Reed, Robert R 353
Reilly, James B 354
Reilly, John 354
Reilly, Wilson 354
Reily, Luther 354
Rhodes, Samuel 355
Richards, Jacob 356
Richards, John 356
Richards, Matthias % 356
Ritchie. David 358
Ritter. John 358
Robbins. John, Jr 359
Roberdeau, Daniel 359
Roberts, Anthony E 359
Roberts,- Jonathan 360
Robins, John 360
Robison, David P 361
Rodman, William 362
Rogers. Thomas J 363
Ross, George 364
Ross. James 3H4
Ross, John 365
Ross, Sobieski 365
Ross, Thomas 365
.Ross. Thomas R 365
Rush, Benjamin 367
Russell, James M 307
Russell. Samuel L 367
Say, Benjamin 372
Schwarts, John 374
Scofield, Glenni W 374
Scott. John 374
Scott, John S74
Scott, Thomas 375
Scranton, George W 375
Searle, James 376
Sergeant, John 377
Seybert, Adam 379
Sheffer, Daniel 381
Sheakley, James 381
Shippen, William 38.5
Shoemaker, Lazarus D 385
Sill, Thomas H 386
Simonton, William 386
Sitgreaves. Samuel 387
Slaymaker, Amos 388
Smilie, John 39O
Smith, George 391
Smith, Herr A 391
Smith, Isaac 39I
Smith, James 391
Smith, John T 393
Smith, Jonathan B 393
Smith, Samuel 394
Smith, Samuel A 394
Smith, Thomas 394
Snyder, John 896
Spangler, Jacob 398
Speer, Kobert Milton 398
St. Clair, Arthur 402
Stenger, William S 403
Stephens, Philander 404
Stephenson, James S 404
••^terigere. John B 404
Stevens, Tliaddeus 405
Stewart, Andrew 406
Stewart, John 406
Stewart, William 406
Stiles, John D 407
Storm, John B 409
Straub. Christian M 411
Strawbridge, James D 411
Strohm, John 411
Strong, William 412
Strouse, Myer 412
Sturgeon, IJaniel 412
Sutherland, Joel B 414
Swan wick, John 414
Tarr, Christian 417
Taunehill, Adamson 418
Taylor, Alexander Wilson 418
Taylor, Caleb N 4i8
Taylor, George .. 418
'I hayer, M. Russell 421
Thomas, Richard 423
Thompson, James 423
Thomson, Alexander 424
Todd, John 427
Todd. Lemuel 428
Toland, George W 428
Townsend. Washington 429
Tracy, H. W 429
Trout, Michael C 432
Turney, Jacob 435
Tyson, Job R 436
Udree, Daniel 436
Van Auken, Dennis M 438
Van Home, Espy 439
Van Home, Isaac 449
Verree, John P 442
Wajener, D. D 443
Wallace, James M 446
Wallace, William A 447
Wallace, John W 447
Wain, Robert 447
Watmough, John G 452
Wayne, Isaac 453
Westbrook, John 457
Wharton, Samuel 458
White. Allison 459
VA'hitchill, James 460
Whitehill, John 460
Whitehill, Robert 461
Whiteside, John 461
Wilkins, William 464
Williams, Jonathan 466
Williams, Thomas , 467
Willing, Thomas 469
Wilmot, David 469
Wilson, Henry 469
Wilson, James , 470
Wilson, James 470
Wilson, Stephen F 471
Wilson, Thomas 471
Wilson. William 471
Witte, William H 474
Wolf. George 474
Wood, Alan 474
Woiid, John 475
Woods, Henry 476
W^oods, John 476
Woodward, George W 477
Worman, Ludwig 477
Wright, Hendrick B 478
Wurtz, John 479
INDEX BY STATES
651
Wyncoop. Henry 479
Yost, Jacobs 481
Khode Island.
Allen, Philip 5
Anthony, Henry B 9
Arnold, Jonathan 11
Arnold, Lemuel H 11
Arnold, Peleg 11
Arnold, Samuel G 12
Baker, Caleb 17
Ballou, Latimer W 19
Boss, John L. 41
Bourne, Benjamin 42
Bradford, William 45
Bray ton, William D 4(5
Brown, John 53
Browne, George H 54
Burgee, Tristam 58
Biirnside, Ambrose E 60
Burritt, James (iO
Champlin, Christopher G 75
Clarke, John H 82
Collins, John 91
Cornell, Ezekiel 90
Cranston, Henry Y 99
Cranston, Robert B 99
Davis, Tliomas 112
De Wolfe, James ,.... 119
Dixon, Nathan P 122
Dixon, Nathan F 122
Durlee, Job 129
Durfee, Nathaniel B 129
Eames, Benjamin T l^jl
Eddy, Samuel 132
EUery, Christopher 135
Ellery, ;WilIiam 135
Fcnn'erj James 144
Foster, Tlieodore 153
Francis, John B 154
Greene, Albert C 173
Greene, Ray, 173
Hazard, Jonathan 185
Hazard, Nathaniel 19ti
Hopkins, Stephen 210
Howell, David 214
Howell, Jeremiah B 2:4
Howland. Bt-njamin 214
Hunter, William 218
Jackson, Richard, Jr 224
James, Charles T 225
Jenckes, Thomas A 22G
Kin<i, George G 241
Knight, Nehemiah 245
Knighc, Nehemiah R 245
Malbone, Francis 270
Manning. James 271
Marchant, Henry 271
Mason, James B 275
Marhewson, Elisha 277
Milk-r, Nathan 293
Mowry, Daniel, Jr 305
Pearce, Duttee J 326
Pendleton, James M HiS
Potter, Elisha R 342
Potter, Elisha R., Jr 342
Potter, Samuel J 342
Robbins, Asher 359
Robinson. Christopher 361
Sheffield, William P 382
Simmons, James F 386
Sprague, William 399
Sprague, WMlliam 400
Stanton, Joseph 402
Thurston, Benjamin B 426
Tillinghast, Joseph L 426
Til linghast, Thomas 427
Varnum. James M 411
Ward, Samuel 449
Wilbur, Isaac 463
South Carolina.
Aiken, William 3
Alston, Lemuel J 6
Ashmore, John D 13
Barnwell. Robert 21
Barnwell, R. W 21
Bee, Thomas 27
Bellinger Joseph 29
Benton, Samuel 30
Beresford, Richard 30
Black, James A 35
Blair, James 36
Bonham, Milledge L 40
Bo wen, Christopher Columbus 42
Boyce, William W 43
Brevard, James 4S
Brooks, Preston S 51
Bull, John 57
Burke, Edanus 58
Burt, Armistead 61
Butler, Andrew Pickens 61
Butler. Pierce 62
Butler, Samson H 62
Butler, William 62
Butler, William 62
Cain, Richard H 64
Caldwell, Patrick C 64
Calhoun, John C 65
Calhoun, John E 65
Calhoun, Joseph 65
Campbell, John 67
Campbill, Robert B 68
Campbell, Thomas F 68
Carpenter, Lewis Cass 70
C.irter, John 71
Casey. Levi 72
Chappell, John J 76
ChfStnut, James, Jr 77
Cheves, Langdon 77
Clowuey, W. K 87
Colcock, William F 89
Corby, Simeon 95
Davis, Warren R 113
De Large, Robert C 116
Desaussure, William F 118
Drayton, William 126
Drayton, William Henry 126
Earle, Elias 131
Earle, John B 131
Earle, Samuel 131
Eiliotl, Robert Brown 136
Elmore, Franklin Harper 137
Ervin, James 138
Evans, David R 139
Evans, Josiah J 139
Eveleigh, Nicholas 140
Farrow, Samuel 142
Felder, John M 143
Gadsden, Christopher 158
Gaiiliard. John 158
Ger vais, John L 163
Gillon, Alexander 165
Gist, Joseph 166
Goss, James H 169
Gourdin, Theodore 170
Govan, A. R 170
Gravson, William J 172
Griffin, John K 174
Hammond, James H 183
Hampton. Wade 184
Harper, William 187
Hayne, Arthur P 195
Hayne, Robert Y 19.-)
Hoge, Solomon L , 207
Holmes, Isaac 15 208
H uuer, Benjamin 216
Huger Daniel 216
Hugcr, Daniel Elliot 216
Hunter, John 218
Hutson, Richard 220
Izard, Ralph 223
Kean, Job n 235
Keitt, Lawrence M 235
Kershaw, John 239
Kinlock, Francis ^. . . 243
Laurens, Henry 250
Legare, Hugh Swinton 256
Lowndes, Thomas 2^5
Lowndes, William 265
Lynch, Thomas 266
Lynch. Thomas, Jr 266
Mackey, Edmund W. M 268
Manning, Richard, Jr 271
Marion, Robert. 272
Martin, William D 275
Matthews. John 277
Mayrant, William 279
McCreary, John 281
McDuffie, George 283
McQueen, John 288
McReady, James 288
Middleton, Arthur 292
Middleton, Henry 292
Middleton. Henry 5J92
Miles, W. Porcher 292
Miller, Stephen D 94
Mitchell, Thomas R 296
Moore, Thomas 298
Motte, Isaac 304
Murphy, Charles 306
Nesbitt, Wilson 309
Nott, Abraham 313
Nuckolls, William C 314
Orr, James L 317
Overstreet. James 319
Parker, John ,323
Patterson, John James 325
Pickens, Andrew J 333
Pickens, Francis W 334
Pinckney, Charles 336
Piuckney, H. L 337
Pinckney, Thomas 337
Poinsett, Joel R 339
Preston, William C 345
Rainey, Joseph H 348
Ramsay, David 348
Ransier, Alonzo J 350
Read, Jacob 352
Rhett, Robert Barnwell 354
Richardson, John P 356
Richardson, John S 356
Robertson, Thomas J 360
Rogers, James 363
Rutledge, Edward 368
Rutledge. John 368
Sawyer, Frederick A 371
Simkins, Ekired 3S6
Simpson, Richard F 386
Sims, Alexander D 3b7
Singleton, Thomas D 387
Smalls, Robert 389
Smith, William... 394
Smith, William 394
Smith, William Laughton 395
Sumler, Thonifis.. 414
Sumter, Thomas D 414
Taylor, John 418
Thompson, Waddy 424
Trapier, Paul 430
Tucker, Starling 433
Tucker, Thomas T 433
Wallice, Alexanders 446
Wallace, Daniel 440
Whittemore, Benjamin F 461
Williams, David R 465
Wilson, John 471
Witherspoon, Robert 474
Woodward, Joseph A 477
Woodward, William 477
Wynn, Richard 479
Tennessee.
Alexander, Adam R 4
Allen, Robert 5
Anderson, Alexander 7
Anderson, Joseph 8
Anderson, Josiah M 8
Arnell, S. M U
Arnold. Thomas D 12
Ashe, John B 12
Atkins, John D, C 14
Avery, William T 15
Barrow, Washington 22
Bell, John 28
Blackwell, Julius W 36
Blai r, John 36
Blount. William 39
Blount, William G 39
Boone, A. R 40
Bowen, John H 42
Brabson, Reese B 44
Bridges, George W 48
Brisrht, John Morgan 48
Brown. Aaron V SI
Brown, Milton , 53
Brownlow, William G 54
Bryan, Henry H 55
Bugg, Robert M 57
Bunch, Samuel 58
Butler, Roderick R 62
Caldwell, Robert P 64
Caldwell, William P 65
Cambell, Brookins 66
Campbell, George W 66
Campbell, Thomas J 68
Campbell, William B 63
Cannon. Newton 68
Carter, William B 71
Caruthers, Rot ert L 71
Chase. Lucien B 76
Cheatham, Richard 77
Chnrchwell, William M 79
Claiborne, Thomas 30
Claiborne, William C C. (see Louis-
iana) 80
Clements, Andrew J 85
Cocke, John 88
Cocke, William 88
Cocke, William M 89
Cooper, Edmund 95
Cooper, Henrv 95
Crockett, David 102
Crockett, John W 102
Crozier, John H 103
Crutchficld, William 103
Cullom, Alvan 103
Cullom, William V'3
Desha. Robert 118
Dibrell, George G 119
Dickinson. David W 120
Dickson, William 121
Duulap, William C 128
Co2
INDEX BY STATES.
Eaton, JohnH 132
Eiheridg-e, Emerson 139
Ewing, Andrew 141
Ewing, Edwin H 141
Firzyerald, William 148
Foreirter, .John B 151
Fosler, Ephraim H 15-)
Fowler, J. S 153
Garrett, Abraham E 161
Gentry, Meredith P 162
Golladay, Edward J 167
Grundy, Felix 176
Hall, William 181
Harris, Isliam G 189
Harris, Thomas K . . . 189
Harrison, Horace H 190
Haskell, William T 192
Hatton, Robert 193
Hawkins, Isaac R 193
Henderson, Bennett H 197
Hill, HiighL. W 202
Hogg, Samuel 207
House, John F 211
Humphreys, Perry W 217
Huntsman, Adam 219
Inge, William M 220
Isatks, Jacob C 222
Jackson, Andrew 223
Jarnagin, Spencer 225
Joimson, Andrew 227
Johnson, Cave 228
Jones, Francis 231
Jones, George W 231
Jones, James C 231
K(-y, David M 239
Lea, Luke 253
Lea, Pryor 253
Lefrwich. John W 25G
Lewis, Barbour 257
M arable, John H 271
Marr, George W. L 272
Man in, Barclay 274
Maury. Abraham P 277
Mayiiard, Horace 278
MeClellan, Abraham 280
McFarland, William 283
McKee, John 2H5
Miller. Pleasant M 293
Mitchell, James C 295
Mullins. James 306
Nelson, Thomas A. R 309
Nicholson. Alfred O. P 311
Nunn, David A 314
Patterson. David T . 325
Pe.vton, Bailie 331
Peyton, Joseph H 331
Polk, Jam^s Knox '... 339
Polk. William H 339
Powel, Samuel 343
Prosser, William F 346
Qnarles. James M 347
Readv, Charles 352
Reynolds, James B 354
Rh(^a, John 354
Riddle, H. T 357
Rivers. Thomas 358
Sa n lord, James T 370
Savage, John H 371
Senter, William T 377
Sevier. John (see North Carolina) 378
Shields, Ebenezer J 384
Smith, Daniel 390
Smith, Samuel A 394
Smith, W.J 395
Sneed, William H 396
Stand iler. James 401
Stanton, Frederick P 402
Stokes, William B 408
Stone, William 409
Taylor. Nathaniel G 419
Thomas, D. B 422
Thomas, Isaac 422
Thomas, James Houston 422
Thornburgh, Jacob M..: 425
Tillman, Lewis 427
Trimble, John 431
Turncy, Hopkins L 434
Vaughan, William W 441
Watkins, Aloert G 452
Watt( rson, Harvey M 452
Weakley, Robert 453
Wharton, Jesse 457
White. Hugh Lavvson 459
While, James 460
Whiteside, Jenkins 461
Whitthorne, Washington C 462
Williams, Christopher H 465
Willi;ims, John 466
Williams. Joseph L 467
Wrisrlit. John T 4:8
Yoiino-. Casey 481
ZoJlicoffer, Felix K 482
Texas.
Bell, Peter H 28
Bryan, Guy M ; 55
Clark, William T 81
Conner, John C 92
Culverson, David B 104
Degener, Edward 116
Evans, Lemuel D 140
Flanagan, James W 148
Giddings, DeWittC 163
Hamilton, Andrew J 182
Hamilton, James 182
Hancock, John 184
Hemphill, John 197
Henderson. J. Pinckney 198
Herndon, William L 200
Houston, Sara 212
Howard, Volney E 213
Kaufman, David S 235
Maxey, S. B 2T8
McLean, William P .. 2S7
Mills, Robert Q 294
Pilsbury, Timothy 336
Reagan, John H 352
Rusk, Thomas J 367
Schleicher, Gustave 372
Scurry, Richardson 376
Smyth, George W 396
Throckmorton, J. W 425
Ward, Matthias 449
Whitmore, George W 461
Wi>rfall, Lewis T 462
Willie, AsaH 462
Vermont.
Allen, Heman 4
Allen, Heman 5
Bartlett, Thomas Jr 23
Baxter, Portus 25
Brad ley, Stephen R 45
Bradley, William C 45
Brainerd, Lawrence 45
Buck, Daniel 55
Buck, Daniel Azro A 56
Butler, Ezra 62
Cahoon, William 64
Cate, George W 73
Chamberlain, William 74
Chase, Dudley 76
Chipman, Daniel 78
Chipman, Nathaniel 78
Chittenden, Martin 78
Collamer, Jacob ^... 90
Crafts, Samuel C 98
Deminir, Benjamin F 117
Denisoh, Dudley C 117
Dillingham, Paul, Jr 121
Edmunds, George F 133
Elliott, James 135
Everett. Horace 141
Fisk, James ". 147
Fletcher, Isaac 148
Foot, Solomon 150
Hall, Hi land ; 180
Hebard, William 196
Hendel, George Whitman 197
Henry, Wi lliam 200
Hibbard, Ellory A 201
Hodges, George T 206
Hubbard, Jonathan H 215
Hunt, Jonathan 218
Hunter. William 218
Janes, Henry F 225
Jewett, Luther - 227
Joyce, Charles Herbert 234
Keyes, Elias...., 240
Langdon, Chauncy 249
Lyon, Asa 267
Lyon, Matthew (see Kentucky) 267
Mallary, Rollin C 270
Marsh, Charles ... 272
Marsh, George P 272
Mattocks, John 277
Meacham. James 289
Meech, Ezra 280
Miner, Ahiman L 295
Morrill, Justin S 301
Morris. Lewis R 302
Niles, Nathaniel 312
Noyes. John 314
Olin, Gideon 316
Olin, Henry 316
Paine, Elijah 321
Palmer, William A 322
Peck, Lucius B 327
Phelps, Samuel S 332
Poland, Luke P 339
Prentis*, Simuel 344
Rich, Charles 356
Richards, Mark 356
Robinson, Jonathan .361
Robinson, Moses 3(ii
Royce, Homer E 365
Sabin, Alvah 368
Session, Walter L 378
Seymour, Horatio 379
Shaw, Samuel 3Pi
Skinner, Richard 387
Slade, William 383
Smith, Israel 391
Smith, John 392
Smith, Worthington C 395
Strong. William 412
Swift, Benjamin 415
Tichenor, Isaac 426
Tracy, Andrew 429
Upham, William 437
Wales. George E 444
Walton, E. P 448
White, Phineas 460
Willard, Charles M 464
Witherell, James 473
Woodbridge, Frederick E 475
Young, Augtistus 481
Virginia,
Adams, Thomas 3
Alexander, Mark 4
Allen, John J 5
Allen, Robert 5
Archer, William S 10
Armstrong, William 11
Atkinson, Archibald. 14
Austin, Archibald 14
Averett, Thomas H 14
Ayer, Richard S 15
Baker. John 17
Ball. William Lee 19
Banister, John 19
Banes, Linn 19
Barbour, James 20
Barbour, John S 20
Barbour, Philip P 20
Barton, Richard W 24
Bassett, Burwell • 24
Bayley, Thomas M 25
Bayly, Thomas Henry 26
Beale, James M. H 26
Beale, R. L. T 26
Bcdinger, Henry 27
Bierne, Andrew ....'. 33
Blair, Jacob B. (see West Virginia). . .". 36
Bland, Richard 37
Bland. Theodore 37
Bocock, Thomas S... 39
Booker, George W 40
Boteler, Alexander R ..'*. 41
Botts, John M 4I
Bouldin. James W ..,[ 41
Bouldin, Thomas T .,..'. 41
Bowden, Lemuel J '.. 42
Bouen, ReesT '. 42
Braxton, Carter 46
Braxton, Elliott M ..,.'..'. 47
Breckenridge, James '. 47
Brent, Richard 47
Brown. William G. (see West Virginia) 53
Burwell, William A 61
Cabell, George C 63
Cabell, Samuel J 63
Caperton, Hugh ' 68
Carlile, John S ()9
Carrington, Edward .' 70
Cary, George B 71
Caskie, John S .' 72
Chapman. Augustus A 75
Chilton, Samuel 78
Chinn, Joseph W 78
Claiborne. John 80
Claiborne, Nathaniel H 80
Claiborne, Thomas 80
Clark, Christopher 80
Clay, Mathew 84
Clemens, Sherrard '. 85
Clopton.John 86
Coke, Richard 89
Coles, Isaac 90
Coles, Walter 90
Colston, Edward 91
Craig, Robert, 99
Critcher, John 102
Crump, George W 103
Davenport, Thomas 110
Dawson, John 113
De Jarnetie, Daniel C 116
Doddrige. Philip 12^^
Douglas, Beverly B 125
Draper. Joseph 126
Droomtroole, George C 126
Duke, Richard T. W 12?
Edmondson, Henry A 133
INDEX BY STATES
653
Es:.!?leston, Joseph 134
Eppes, John W 138
Es<til, Benjamin 139
Evans, Vhomas 140
Faulkner, Charles J 143
Fitzhugh, William 14 5
Fleiumiiij^, William 148
Flournoy. Thomas S .t49
Floyd, John 119
Fulton, Andrew S lt>8
Fulton, John H 158
Garland, David S KiO
Garland, James IHO
Garnett, James M 161
Garnett, Muscoe R. H 161
Garnett, Robert S 161
Gholson, Jame* H I»i3
Gholson, Thwmas 163
Gibson, James King 163
Giles, William Branch 164
Gilmer, Thomas W 165
Goggin, William L 166
Goode, John, Jr 167
Goode, Samuel 167
Goode, Wil liam O 167
Goodwin, Peterson 168
Gordon, William F 169
Gray, Edward 171
Gray, John C 171
Grayson, William 171
Griffin, Cyrus 174
Griffin, Samuel 174
Griffin. Thomas 174
Hancock, George 184
Hardy, Samuel 186
Harris, John T 189
Harris, William A 189
Harrison, Benjamin 190
Harrison, Carter B 190
Harvie, John 191
Hawes, Aylett 193
Hayes, Samuel 195
Haymond, Thomas S 195
Heath, John 196
Henry, James 199
Henry, Patrick 199
Hill, John 203
Holladay, Alexander R 207
Hoileman, Joel 207
Holmes, David (see Mississippi) . 20S
Hopkins, George W 209
Hubard, Edmund W 214
Hop.irerford. John P 217
Hunter, Robert M. T 218
Hunton, Eppa 219
Jackson, Edward B 2-23
Jackson, John G 224
Jefferson, Thomas — 225
Jenkins, Albert G 226
Johnson, James 228
Johnson, Joseph 229
Johnston, Charles C 230
Johnston, John W 230
Jones, James 231
Jones, John W 232
Jones, J oseph 232
Jones, Walter 333
Kidwell, Zedekiah 240
King, Andrew 241
Leake, Shelton F 253
Lee, Arthur 254
Lee, Francis Lightfuot 254
Lee, Henry, 254
Lee, Richard Bland 255
Lee, Richard Henry 255
Leffler, Isaac 256
Leltwicti, Jabez 256
Leigh, Benjainiu Watkins 256
Letch' T, John 257
Letcher, Robert P 257
Lewis, John F 258
Lewis, Joseph, Jr 258
Lewis, William J 259
Lewi 8, Thomas ; 2.59
Love, John 264
Loyall, George 265
Lucas, Edward 265
Lucas, William 266
Machir, James 268
Madison, James 269
Mallory, Francis 270
Marrow, John '. 272
Marshall, John 273
Martin, Elbert S 274
Mason, Armistead Thomson 275
Mason , George 275
Mason, James M 276
Mason, John Y 276
Mason. Stevens Thomson 276
Maxwell, Lewis 278
McCarty, William M 280
McComas, William 281
McCoy. William 281
McDowell, James 283
McKenzie, Lewis 286
McKinley, William 286
McMullen, Fayette 287
Meade, Richard K 289
Mercer, Charles Fen ton 290
Mercer, James 290
Merrill, Orsamus C 291
Millson, John S 294
Milnes, William, Jr 295
Monroe, James 297
Moore, Andrew 298
Moore, S. McD 298
Moore, Thomas S 299
Morgan, Daniel 299
Morgan, William S 300
Morton, Jeremiah 303
Nelson, Hugh 308
Nelson, Thomas, Jr 308
Nelson, Thomas M S09
Neville, Joseph 3(»9
Newman, Alexander 310
Newton, Thomas 310
Newton, Wilioughby 310
Nicholas, John 311
Nicholas. Wilson C 311
Page, John 320
Page, Mann 320
Page, Robert 320
Parker, Josiah 323
Parker, Richard 323
Parker, Richard E 323
Parker, Severn E 323
Pat ton, John M 326
Pegram, John 328
Pendleton, Edmund 328
Pendleton, John S 328
Pennvbacker, Isaac S 329
Pindall, James 237
Piatt, James H., Jr 338
Pleasants, James .338
Porter, Charles H 341
Powell, Alfred H 343
Powell, Cuthbert 3^13
Powell, Levin 343
Powell, Paulus 313
Preston, Francis 344
Preston, William B 345
Pryor, Roger A 346
Randolph, Edmund 349
Randolph, John, of Roanoke 349
Randolph, Peyton 350
Randolph, Thomas M 350
Ridge way, Robert 357
Rives, Francis E 359
Rives, William C 359
Roane, John 359
Roane, John J 359
Roane, John T 359
Roane, William H 359
Robertson, John 360
Rutherford, Robert 368
Samuel, Breen B 369
Seddon, James A 376
Segar. Joseph E ,377
Sener, James B 377
Sheffey, Daniel 3Sl
Smith, Arthur 390
Smith, Ballard 390
Smith, John 392
Smith, John Ambler 392
Smith, Merriwether 393
Smith, William 394
Smith, William 395
Smyth, Alexander 396
Snodgrass, John Fryall 396
Steenrod, Lewis 403
Stephenson, James 404
Stevenson, Andrew 405
Stratton, John 410
Strother, George F 412
Strother, James F 412
Stnart, Alexander H. H 412
Stuart, Archibald 412
Summers, George W 413
Sweariugen, Thomas "V 414
Swope, Jacob 415
Ta'iaferro, John 416
Tate, Magnus 417
Taylor, John , 418
Taylor, Robert 419
Taylor, William.. 419
Taylor. William 419
Tazewell, Henry 419
Terry, William 421
Thomas, Christopher Y 422
Thompson, George W 423
Thompson, Philip R 424
Thompson. Robert A 424
Tredway, William M 430
Trezvant, James 430
Trigg, Abram 430
Trigg, John 430
Tucker, George 433
Tucker, Henry St. George 433
Tucker, J. R 433
Tyler, John 435
Van Winkle, Peter G 441
Venable, Abraham B 441
Walker, Gilbert C 445
Walker, Francis 445
Walker, John 445
Walls, Josiah T 447
Washington, George 451
White, Alexander 459
White, Francis 459
Whitehead, Thomas 460
VVilley, Waitman T 465
Williams, Jared 466
Wilson, Alexander 469
Wilson, Edgar C 469
Wilson, Thomas 471
Wise, Henry A 473
Withers, Robert E.., 473
Wythe, George 479
West Virg-inia.
Blair, Jacob B. (see Virginia) 36
Brown, William G. (see Virginia) 53
Caperton, Allen T 68
Davin, John J 112
Duval, J. H 130
Hereford, Frank 200
Hubbard, Chester D 214
Kitchen, B. M 244
Latham, George R 250
McGrew, James C 283
Polsley, Daniel 339
Van Winkle, P. G. (see Virginia) 441
Whaley, Kellian V 457
Willey, Waitman T. (see Virginia).... 465
Wilson, Benjamin 469
Witch^r, John S 473
"Wisconsin.
Barber, J. Allen 20
Billinghurst, Charles 33
Brown, James S 52
Burchard, Samuel D 58
Camei'on, Angus 66
Carpen ter, Mathew A 70
Caswell, L. B 72
Cobb, Amasa 87
Cole, Oraamus 90
Darling. Mason C 109
Dodge. Henry 123
Doolittle, J. R 124
Doty, James D 124
Durkee, Charles (see Utah) 129
Eastman, Benjamin C 131
Eldridge, Charles A 135
Hanchelt, Luther 184
Hazelton, Gerry W 196
Hopkins, Benjamin F 209
Howe. Timothy O 214
Kimball, Alanson M 241
Larrabee, Charles H 250
Lynde. William P 266
Macy, John B 269
Masroon, Henry S 269
McDJll, Alexanders 282
Martin, Morgan L 275
Mclndoe, Walter D 284
Paine, Herbert E 321
Potter, John F 342
Rusk, Jeremiah M 367
Sawyer, Philetus 371
Sloan, A. Scott 388
Sloan, Ithamar C 388
Tweedy, John H 4.35
Walker, Isaac P 445
Washburn, Cadwalader C 450
Wells, Daniel, Jr 455
Wheeler, Ezra 458
Williams, Charles G 465
District of Columbia.
Chipman, Norton P 78
Territory of Arizona.
Bashford, Coles 24
Goodwin, JohnN. (see Maine) 168
McCormick, Richard C 281
Poston, Charles D 342
Stevens, Hiram S 405
Territory of Color? do.
Bennett, Hiram P 29
654
INDEX BY STATES
Bradford, Allen A ,... 44
Chaflcf^, Jerome B 74
Chi Icott, George M 77
Paiterson, Thomas M 326
Territory of Dacotab.
Armstrong, Moses K 10
Burleigh. Walter A 59
Jayne, William 225
Kidder, Jefferson P 240
Spink, S.L 399
Todd, John B. S 427
Territory of Idaho.
Bennett, Thomas W 30
Hailey, John 178
Holbrook, E. D 207
Wallace, William H. (see Washington
Territory) 447
Territory of Montana.
Cavanangh, James M 73
Maginnis, Martin 2<)9
McLean, Samuel 287
Territory of New Mexico.
Chavez, J. Francisco 77
Clever, Charles P 86
Elkins, Stephen B 135
G.illegos. Jose Manuel 159
Otero, Miguel A 318
Perea, Francisco 323
Watts. John S 453
Weightman, Richard Hanson 454
Territory of Utali.
Bernhisel, John M 31
Cannon, George Q, 68
DurKce, Charies (see Wisconsin) 129
Hooper, W. H 209
Kinney, John Fitch 243
Territory of Washingrton.
Anderson, J. P 8
Cole, George E 90
Denny, Arthur A US
Flanders, Alvin 148
Garfielde, Seleucius 160
Jacobs, Orange 225
Lancaster, Columbia 247
McFadden, Obadiah D 283
Shafer, Jacob K 380
Stevens, Isaac 1 405
Wallace, William H 447
Territory of Wyomingr.
Jones, William T 233
Nuckolls, Stephen F 314
Steele, William R 403
GENEEAL' IFDEX.
A-bbot, Joel 1
Abbott, Amos 1
Abbott, Nehemiah 1
Abbott, John C 1
Abercrombie, James 1
Acker, Epliraim L 1
Ackcn-man, Amos T 1
Adair, J ohn 1
A<lams, Andrew 1
Adams, Benjamin 1
Adams, Charles F 1
Adams, C. H 2
Adams, George ,. 2
Adams, George M 2
Adam#, Green 2
Adams, James Hopkins 2
Adam?, John 2
Adams, John 2
Adams, John Qnincy 2
Adams, Parmeiiio 2
Adams, Robert H 3
Adams, Samuel 8
Adams, Samuel 3
Adams, Stephen 3
Adams, Thomas 3
Addams, William 3
Adgate, Asa 3
Adrain, Garnett B 3
Ahl, John A 3
Aiken, William 3
Aiiisworth, Lucian Lester 3
Akers, Thomas Peter 3
Albert, William J 3
Albertson, Nathaniel 3
All)nght, Charles 3
All)riKlit. Charles J 3
Alcorn, James Lnsk 4
Aldrich, Cyrus 4
Alexander, Adam R 4
Alexander, Evan 4
Alexander, Henry P 4
Alexander, James, Jr 4
Alexander, John 4
Alexander, Mark 4
Alexander, Nathaniel 4
Alexander, Robert 4
Alford, Jniius C 4
Allen, Andrew 4
Allen, Charles 4
Allen, Chilton 4
Allen, Eii^^ha H 4
Allen, Hemaii 4
Allen, Heman 5
Allen, James C 5
Allen, John 5
Allen, John J 5
Allen, John W 5
Allen, Joseph 5
Allen, Judson 5
Allen, Nathaniel 5
Allen, Philip 5
Allen, Richard C 5
Allen, Robert 5
Allen, Robert 5
Allen, Samuel C 5
Allen, Thomas 5
Allen. William 6
Allen, William 5
Allen, William J 6
Allen, Willis 6
Alley, John B 6
Allison, Robert 6
Allison, William B 6
Allison, jHm<-s 6
Allison, John 6
Allston, Joseph 6
AUston, Robert P. W 6
AUyn. Joseph P 6
Alsop. John 6
Alston, Lemuel J , 6
Alston, Wil'iam J 6
Alston, Willis 6
Alvord, James C 6
Ambler, Jacob A 7
Ames, Adelbert, 7
Ames. Fisher 7
Ames, Oakcs 7
Ames, Samuel 7
Aiiccma, Sydt.-nham E 7
Anderson, Alexander 7
Anderson, Charles 7
Anderson, Charles E 7
Anderson, George W 7
Anderson, Hugh J 7
Anderson, Isaac 7
Anderson, John 7
Anderson. Joseph 8
Anderson, Joseph H 8
Anderson, Josiah M 8
Anderson, J. P 8
Anderson, Lucien 8
Anderson, Richard Clough, Jr 8
Anderson, Samuel 8
Anderson, Simeon H 8
Anderson, Thos. L 8
Anderson, William 8
Anderson, William B 8
Anderson, William C 8
Anderson, William E 8
Andrew, John A 8
Andrews, C. C 9
Andrews, Charles 9
Andrews, George R 9
Andrews, John T 9
Andrews, Landaflf W 9
Andrews, Samnel G 9
Andrews, Sherlock J 9
Angel, Benjamin F 9
Angel, William G 9
Anthony, Henry B 9
Anthony, Joseph B 9
Appleton, John 9
Appleton, John 9
Appleton, John James 9
Appleton, Nathan 10
Appleton, William 10
Archer, John 10
Archer, Stevenson 10
Archer, Stevenson 10
Arclier, William S 10
Armor Charles Lee 10
Armstnmg, James 10
Armstrong, John 10
Armstrong, Moses K 10
Armstrong, Robert 11
Armstrong, S. T 11
Armstrongj William 11
Armsticmg. William H 11
Arnell, Samuel M 11
Arnold, Benedict 11
Arnold, Isaac N 11
Arnold, Jimathan 11
Arnold, Lemnel H 11
Arnold, Peleg 11
Arnold, Samuel 11
Arnold, Samuel G 12
Arnold Thomas D 12
Arrington, Alfred W 12
Arrington, H. Archibald 12
Arthur, William E 12
Asboth, Alexander Sandor 12
Ash, Michael W 12
Ashe, John Baptiste 12
Ashe. John B 12
Ashe, Samuel 12
Ashe, Thomas S 12
Ashe, William S 12
Ashley, Chester 12
Ashley, Delos R 13
Ashley, Henry 13
Ashley, James M 13
Ashley, William H 13
Ashmore, John D 13
Ashniiin, Eli Porter 13
Ashmun, George 1.3
Ashtou, J. Hubley 13
Asper, Joel F 13
Atchison, David R 13
Atherton, Charles G 13
Atherton, Charles H 14
Atkins. John D. C 14
Atkinson, Archibald 14
Atkinson. Henry M 14
Atkinson, Robert J 14
Atkinson, Theodore 14
At Lee, Samnel John 14
Aulick, J<.hn H 14
Austin, Archibald 14
Austin, Horace 14
Averctt, Thomas H 14
Averill, John T 14
Avery, Benjamin P 14
Avery, Daniel 15
Avery, William T 15
Axtell, Samuel B 15
Aycrigg, John B 15
A yer, Richard S 15
Babbitt, Elijah 15
Babcock, Alfred 15
Babcock, Leander 15
Babcock, William 15
Baber, Ambrose 15
Bache, Alexander Dadas 15
Backus, Henry T 15
Bacon, Ezekiel 15
Bacon, John 15
Badjier, George E 15
Badger, Luther IG
Badger, William 16
Baer, George 16
Bagby, Arthur P 16
Bairley, George A 16
Bagley, John C 16
Batfley. John J 16
Bailey, Alexander H 16
Bailey, David J 16
Bailey, Goldsmith F 16
Bailey, Jeremiah IG
Bailey, John 16
Bailey. John L 16
Bailey, Theodoras 16
Bailey, Joseph 16
Baird, Spencer Fullerton 17
Baker, Caleb 17
Baker, Conrad 17
Baker, David Jewett 17
Baker, Edward D 17
Baker, Ezra 17
Baker, Grafton 17
Baker, I. Wayles 17
Baker, James H 17
Baker, Jehu , 17
Baker, John 17
Baker, John H 17
Baker, Osmyn 17
Baker, Stephen 17
Baker, William H 18
Balch, Alfred 18
Bald win, Abraham 18
Baldwin, Alexander W 18
Baldwin, Auirustus C 18
Baldwin, Caleb 18
Baldwin, Henry 18
Baldwin, Henry P 18
Baldwin, J. G 18
Baldwin, John 18
Baldwin, John D 18
Baldwin, Roger Sherman 18
Balrtwin. Simeon 19
Balestier, Joseph 19
Ball, Edward 19
Ball, William Lee 19
Ballon, Latimer W 19
Bancrolt, George 19
Banister, John 19
Banks, John 19
Banks, Linn 19
Banks, Nathaniel P 19
Banninir. Henry B 20
Barber, J. Allen 20
Barber, Levi 20
Barber, Noyes 20
Barbour, James 20
Barbour, John S 20
Barbour, Lucien 20
Barbour. Philip P 20
Barcla V, David 20
Bard, David 20
Barker, Abraham A 20
Barker, David 20
Barker, Joseph 20
Barksdale. William 20
Barlow, Joel 20
Barlow, Stephen 21
Barnard, Daniel Dewey 21
Barnard, Henry 21
Barnard, Isaac D 21
Barnes, Alanson H 21
Barnes, David Leonard 21
Barnes, Demas 21
656
GENERAL INDEX.
Barnelt, William 21
Barney, John 21
Bariiitz, Charles A 21
Barnum, William H 21
Barn well, Robert . . 21
Barnwell, RobertWoodward 21
Barr, Thoma? J 22
Barrere, Granville 22
Barrere, Nelson 22
Barrett, J. Richard 2i
Barrett, Joseph H 22
Barringer, Daniel L 22
Barringer, Daniel Moreau 22
Barron, H. D 22
Barrow, Alexander 22
Barrow, Washington 22
Barry, Henry W 22
Barry, John S 22
Barry, WilliamT 22
Barry, William T. S... 22
Barstow, Gamaliel H 23
Barstow, Gideon 23
Barstow, William A 23
Bartlett, Asa 23
Bartlett, Bailey 23
Bartlett, Ichabod 23
Bartlett, John Russell 23
Bartlett, Joseph J 23
Bartlett, Josiah 23
Bartlett, Josiah 23
Bartlett, Thomas, Jr 23
Bartlett. William H 23
Bartley, Mordecai 23
Bartley, Thomas W 23
Barton, David 24
Barton, Richard W.. 24
Barton, Samuel 24
Barton, Seth 24
Bashford, Coles 24
Bass, Lyman K 24
Bassett, Burwell 24
Bassett, E. D 24
Bassett. Richard 24
Bateman. Ephraim 24
Bates, Edward 24
Bates, Frederick 24
Bates, Isaac C 24
Bates, James 24
Bates, James W 25
Bate*:, J. Woodson 25
Bales, Martin W 25
Battle, William H 25
Ban vais, A 25
Baxter, Elisha 25
Baxter, Henry 25
Baxter. Portus 25
Bay, William V. N 25
Biyard, James A 25
Bayard, James A 25
Bayard, John 25
Bayard. Richard H 25
Bayard, Thomas F ,... 25
Bayard, William 25
Bayley, Thomas 25
Bay ley, Thomas M 25
Baylies, Francis 25
Baylies, William 26
Baylies, William 26
Baylor. R. E. B 26
Bayly, Thomas Henry 26
Beale, Charles L 26
Beale, James M. H 26
Beale, R. L. T 26
Beall, Rezin 26
Beaman, Fernando C 26
Bean, Benning M 26
Beardsley, Samuel 26
Beatty. John 26
Beatty, John 26
Beatty, Martin 27
Beatty, William 27
Beaumont, Andrew 27
Bebb, William 27
Beclc, Erasmus W 27
Beck, James B 27
Beckley, John 27
Bedford, Gunning 27
Bedford, Gunning, Jr 27
Bediiiger, George M 27
Bedinger, Henry 27
Bedle, Joseph Dorset 27
Bee, Thomas * 27
Beebe, George M 27
Beecher, Philemon 27
Beekman, Thomas 27
Beers, Cyrus 28
Beeson, Henry W 28
Begole, Josiah W 28
Belcher, Hiram 28
Belcher, Nathan 28
Belden. George O 28
Belford, James B 28
Belknap, William W. 28
Bell, Hiram 28
Bell, Hiram P 28
Bell, James 28
Bell, James M. . .* 28
Bell, John 28
Bell, John 28
Bell, John 28
Bell, Joshua F 28
Bell, Peter H 28
Bell, Samuel 28
Bell, Samuel N 29
Bellinger, Joseph 29
Bellows, Henry A 29
Belmont, August 29
Belser, James E 29
Benedict, Charles L 29
Benedict, Kirby 29
Benjamin, John F 29
Benjamin, Judah P 29
Bennett, Benjamin 29
Bennett, Thomas 29
Bennett, Caleb P 29
Bennett, David S 29
Bennett, Henry - 29
Bennett, Hiram P 29
Bennett, H. S 30
Bennett, Milo Lyman 30
Bennett, Thomas W 30
Benson, Egbert 30
Benson, Samuel P 30
Bent, Silas 30
Benton, Charles S 30
Benton, Jacob 30
Benton, Samuel 30
Benton, Thomas Hart 30
Beresford, Richard 30
Bergen, John T 30
Bergen, Tennis G 30
Bernhisel, John M 31
Berrian, Hobart 31
Berrien. John McPherson 31
Berry, John 31
Berry, Nathaniel S 31
Bethune, Laughlin 31
Betton, Silas 31
Betts, Samuel R 31
Betts. Thaddeus 31
Beveridge, John L 31'
Bibb, George M 31
Bihb, Thomas 31
Bibb, William W 31
Bibighaus, Thomas M 31
Bicknell, Bennet 31
Biddle, Charles John 31
Biddle, Edward 32
Biddle, James 32
Biddle, John 32
Biddle, Nicholas • 32
Biddle, Richard 32
Biddle, Thomas 32
Bidlach, Benjamin A 32
Bidwell. Barnabas 32
Bid well, John 32
Bierne, Andrew 33
Biery, James S 33
Bigby, John Summerfield 33
Bigeiow, Abijah 33
Bigelow, John 33
Big(dow, Lewis 33
Bigger, Finley 33
Biorger, Samuel 33
Biggs, Asa 33
Biggs, Benjamin T 33
Bigler, William 33
Billinghurst, Charles * 33
Bines, Thomas 34
Bingham, John A 34
Bingham, Kinsley S 34
Bingham, William 34
Binhey, Horace 34
Binney. James 34
Binckley, John M 34
Bird, John 34
Bird, John T 34
Birdsall, Ausburn 34
Birdsall, James 34
Birdsall, Samuel 34
Birdseye, Victory 34
Bishop, James 34
Bishop, Phanuel 34
Bishop, William D 34
Bissell, Clark 35
Bissell, William H 35
Black, Edward J 35
Black, Henry 35
Black, James 35
Black, James A 35
Black, Jeremiah S 35
Black, John 35
Black, John 35
Black, Samuel W 35
Blackburn, J. C. S 35
Blackburn, Wm. Jasper 35
Blackford, Isaac N 35
Blackford. William M 35
Blackledge, William 35
Blackledge, William S 35
Blackmar, Esbon 35
Blackwell, Julius W 36
Blackwood, William G 36
Blaine, James Gillespie 36
Blair, Austin 36
Blair, Barnard 36
Blair, Francis Preston 36
Blair, Francis P., Jr 36
Blair, Jacob B 36
Blair, James 36
Blair, John 36
Blair, John 36
Blair, Montgomery 36
Blair, Samuel S 36
Blaisdell, Daniel 36
Blaisdcll, H. G 37
Blake, Harrison G 37
Blake, Henry N 37
Blake, John, Jr 37
Blake, John B 37
Blake, Joseph 37
Blake. Thomas H 37
Blanchard, Jonathan 37
Blanchard, John 37
Bland, Ballard 37
Bland, Richard 37
Bland, Richard Parks 37
Bland, Theodoric 37
Bland, Theodoric 37
Blatchford, Richard M 37
Blatcli lord, Samuel 38
Bledsoe, Jesse 38
Bleecker, Hermanns 38
Bliss, ArchibaldM 38
Bliss, George 38
Bliss, Philemon 38
Blodgett, Henry W 38
Bloodworth, Timothy 38
Bloom, Isaac 38
Bloomlleld, Joseph 88
Blount, James H 39
Blount, Thomas ' 39
Blount, William 39
Blount, William G 39
Blount, Willie 39
Blow, Henry T 39
Boardman, David S 39
Boardman, Elijah 39
Boardman. William W 39
Bockee, Abraham 39
Bocock, Thomas S 39
Bod en, Andrew 39
Bodle, Charles 39
Boerum, Simon 39
Bog^s, L. W 39
Bogy, Lewis V 39
Bokee, David A 39
Boker, George Henry 39
Boles, Thomas 39
Bond, HughL 40
Bond, Shadrack 40
Bond, William Key 40
Bonham, Milledge L 40
Boody, Azariah 40
Booker, George W 40
Boon, Ratliflf 40
Boone, A. R 40
Boone, William F 40
Booth. James 40
Booih, Newton 40
Booth, Walter 40
Borden, James W 40
Borden, Joseph 40
Borden, Nathaniel B 40
Boreman, Jacob E 40
Borie, Adolph E 41
Borland, Charles, Jr 41
Borland, Solon 41
Borst, Peter 1 41
Boss, John L., Jr 41
Bossier, Peter E 41
Boteler, Alexander R 41
Botts, JohnM 41
Bouck, Joseph 41
Bouck, William C 41
Boude, Thomas 41
Boudinot, Elias 41
Bouldin, James W 41
Bouldin, Thomas T 41
Bouligney, Dominique 42
Bouligney, John Edmund 42
Bonlware, William 42
Bourne, Benjamin 42
Bouj-ne, Shearjasnb 42
Boutwell, George S 42
Bovee, Matthias J 42
GENERAL INDEX.
657
Bowden, Lemnel J 42
Bowdoiii, James 42
Bowdon, Franklin W 42
Bovveu, Christopher Columbus 42
Bowen, John H 42
Bowen, Eees T 42
Bower, Gustavus B 42
Bowers, John M 43
Bowie, Oden 43
Bowie, Richard 1 43
Bowie, Robert 43
Bowie, Thomas P 43
Bowie, Walter 43
Bowler, Metcalf 43
Bowiiu, James B 43
Bowman, George W 43
Bowne, Obadiah 43
Bowne, Samuel S 43
Boyce, Henry 43
Boyce, William W. 43
Boyd, Adam 43
Boyd. Alexander 43
Boyd, John H 43
Boyd, Linn 43
Boyd, Sempronius H 43
Boyden, Nathaniel 44
Boyer, Benjamin M 44
Boyle, John 44
Boyle, John W 44
Brabson, Reese B 44
Brace, Jonathan ... 44
Brackenridge, Henry M 44
Bradbury, George 44
Bradbury, James W 44
Bradbury, Theophilus 44
Bradford, Allen A 44
Bradford, Augustus W 44
Bradford, Edward G 45
Bradford, Saul 45
Bradford, William 45
Bradford, M illiam 45
Bradley, Abraham, Jr 45
Bradley, Edward 45
Bradley, James 45
Bradley, Joseph P 45
Bradley, Lewis R 45
Bradley, Nathan B 45
Bradley, Phineas 45
Bradley, Stephen Roe 45
Bradley, William C 45
Bradshaw, Samuel C 46
Brady, Jasper E 46
Bragg, John 46
Bragg, Thomas 46
Braiiierd, Lawrence 46
Bramlette, Thomas E 46
Branch, John 46
Branch, Lawrence O'Brien 46
Brandebury, L. G. 46
Brandegee, Augustus 46
Brandon, George C 46
Braxton, Carter 46
Braxton, Elliott M 46
Brayton, William D 46
Brearly, David 47
Breathitt, John 47
Breck, Daniel 47
Breck, Samuel 47
Breckenridge, James 47
Breckinridge, James D 47
Breckinridge, John 47
Breckinridge, John C 47
Breese, Sidney 47
Brengle, Francis 47
Brent, Richard 47
Brent, Thomas L. L. 47
Brent, William, Jr 48
Brent, William L 48
Brenton, Samuel 48
Brevard, James 48
Brewster, David P 48
Bridges, George W 48
Bridges, Samuel A 48
Briggs, Ansel 48
Briggs, George 48
Briggs, George N 48
Brigham. Elijah 48
Bright, Jesse D 48
Bright, John Morgan 48
Brinkerhoff, Henry R 48
Brinkerhoff, Jacob 48
Bristol, Wfirren 48
Bristol, William 48
Bristow, Benjamin H 49
Bristow, Francis M 49
Broadhead, John C 49
Brochus, Perry E 49
Brockenbrough, J. W 49
Brockenbrough, William H 49
Brockway . J ohn H 49
Broderick, David C 49
Brodhead, John 49
Brodhead, John M 49
Brodhead, Richard 49
Brogden, Curtis H 49
Bromberg, Frederick George 49
Bromweli, Henry P. H 50
Bronson, David 50
Bronson, Isaac H , 50
Brooke, Francis J 50
Brooke, Robert 50
Brooke, Walter 50
Brookings, W. W 50
Brooks, David 50
Brooks, George M 50
Brooks, George W 50
Brooks, James 50
Brooks, John 50
Brooks, Micah 51
Brooks, Preston S 51
Broom, Jacob 51
Broomall, John M 51
Broome, James E 51
Broome, James M 51
Brough, John 51
Broughton, Thomas 51
Brown, Aaron V 51
Brown, Albert G 51
Brown, Anson 51
Brown, Bedford 51
Brown, Benjamin 52
Brown, B. Gratz 52
Brown, Charles 52
Brown, Elias 52
Brown, Ethan Allen 52
Brovvn, George 52
Brown, George H 52
Brown, Henry Kirke 52
Brown, Jacob 52
Brown, James 52
Brown, James S 52
Brown, Jeremiah 52
Brown, John 53
Brown, John 53
Brown, John 53
Brown, John 53
Brown, John C 53
Brown, John W 53
Brown, John Young 53
Brown, Joseph E 53
Brown, Mason 53
Brown, Milton 53
Brown, Morgan W 53
Brown Neil S 53
Brown, Orlando 53
Brown, Robert 53
Brown, Thomas 53
Brown, Titus 53
Brown, William 53
Brown, William G 53
Brown, William J 53
Brown, William R. , 54
Browne, George H 54
Browne, John Ross 54
Browning, Orville H 54
Brownlow William. G 54
Brownson, Nathan 54
Bruce, B. K 54
Bruce, Phineas 54
Bruin, Peter Bryan 54
Brush, Henry 54
Bruyn, Andrew D. W 55
Bryan, George 55
Bryan, George S 55
Bryan, Guy M 55
Bryan, Henry H 55
Bryan, John A 55
Bryan, John A 55
Bryan, John H 55
Bryan, Joseph 56
Bryan, Joseph H 55
Bryan, Nathan 55
Bryant, William P 55
Bryde, Archibald M 55
Buchanan, Andrew 55
Buchanan, James 55
Buchanan, James M 55
Bucher, John C 55
Buck, Alfred E 55
Buck, Daniel 55
Buck, Daniel Azro A 56
Buckalew, Charles R 56
Buckingham, William A 56
Buckland, Ralph P 56
Buckley, Charles W 56
Buckner, Alexander 56
Buckner, Aylett Hawes 56
Buckner, Aylitt 56
Buckner, Richard A 56
Buel, Alexander H 56
Buel, Alexander W 56
Buffington, Joseph 57
Buffington, Joseph 57
Buffington, James 57
Buffum, Joseph, Jr 57
Bugg, Robert M 57
Bulfinch, Charles 57
Bull, John 57
Bull, John 57
Bullard, Henry Adams 57
Bullitt, Alexander Scott 57
Bullitt, George 57
Bulloch, James R .57
Bulloch, William B 57
Bullock, Alexander Scott 57
Bullock, Archibald 57
Bullock, Rufus B 57
Bullock, Stephen 57
Bullock, Wingfield 58
Bunch, Samuel 58
Bundy, Hezekiah S 58
Bunner, Rudolph 58
Bnrchard, Horatio C 58
Bnrchard, Matthew 58
Burchard, Samuel D 58
Burd, George 58
Burdett, Samuel S 58
Burges, Tristam 58
Burgess, Dempsey 58
Burke, Edanus 58
Burke, Edmund 58
Burke, Thomas 58
Burleigh, John H 59
Burleigh, Walter A 59
Burleigh, William 59
Burlingame, Anson 59
Burnell, Barker 59
Burnet, Jacob 59
Burnett, Frank C 59
Burnett, Henry C 59
Burnett, Peter H 59
Burnett, William 59
Burnham, Alfred A 60
Burnham, Curtis F 60
Burns, Joseph 60
Burns, Robert 60
Burnside, Ambrose E 60
Bnrnside, Thomas 60
Burr, Aaron 60
Burr, Albert G , 60
Burrell,J. M 60
Burritt, James 60
Burroughs, Silas M 60
Burrows, Daniel 61
Burrows, Julius C 61
Barrows, Lorenzo '. . 61
Burt, Armistead 61
Burt, Francis 61
Burton, Allan A 61
Burton, Hutchins G 61
Burton, Robert 61
Burton, William 61
Burwell, William A 61
Busby, George H 61
Bushyhead, Jesse 61
Bu steed, Richard 61
Butler, Andrew Pickens 61
Butler, Anthony 61
Butler, Benjamin Franklin 61
Butler, Benjamin Franklin . . 61
Butler, Chester 62
Butler.David 62
Butler, Ezra 62
Butler, Josiah 63
Butler, Pierce 62 .
Butler, Pierce M 62
Butler, RoderickR 62
Butler, Samson H 62
Butler, Thomas... 62
Butler, Thomas B 62
Butler, William 62
Butler, William 62
Butler, William O 62.
Butman, Samuel 63
Butterfield, Martin 63
Bynum, Jesse A 63
Byrd, Charles W 63
Byrd, William M 63
Cabell, Edward C 63
Cabell, George C ^ 63
Cabell, Samuel J 63
Cabell, William H 63
Cable, Joseph 63
Cabot, George 63
Cadwalader, John 63
Cad walader, John L 63
Cadwalader, Lambert 63
Cadv, Daniel 64
Cady,JohnW 64
Cage, Harry 64
Gaboon, William 64
Cain, Richard H 64
Cake, Henry L 64
Caldwell, Alexander 64
Caldwell, George A 64
Caldwell, Greene W 64
658
GENERAL INDEX.
Caldwell, Homy C 64
Caldwell, James 64
Caldwell, John C 64
Caldwell, John H 64
Ciikl well, John W 64
Caldwell. Joseph P 64
Caldwell, Patrick C 64
Caldwell, Robert P H4
Caldwell, 'I'od R 64
Caldwell, William P 65
Calhoun, .Tnmes S 65
Calhoun, John 65
Calhoun, John C 65
Calhoun, Joim E 65
Cat lion n, Joseph 65
Calhoun. William B 65
Calkin, Henry C 65
Call, Jacob 65
Call, Richard K 65
Callis, Joiiti B 65
Calvert, Charles B 65
Calvin, Samuel 66
Camlxll, Alexander 66
Camltell, Brookins 66
Camhrelenir, Churchill C 66
Cameroii. Angus 66
Cameron, Duncan 66
Cameron, John A 66
Cameron, Simon 66
Campbell, Alexander 66
Campbell, David 66
Campbell, David 66
Campbell, George W 66
Campbell, Henry Munroe 67
Campbell, James 67
Campbell. James H 67
Campbell, James V 67
Campbell, John 67
Campbc 1 John »i7
Campbell, John 67
Cam})bell, John 67
Campbill, John Allen 67
Campbell. J<ihn Archibald t)7
Campbell. John H 67
Campbell, John P tl
Campi-ell, John W 67
Campbell, Lewis D 67
Campbell, Jiobert B 68
Campbell, Samuel 68
Campbell, 'I'homas F 68
Campbell, Thomas J 68
Campiieil, Thompson 68
Campbell. William B 68
Campbell, William W 68
Canby, Rie|i;ird S 68
Candler, Milton A 68
Cannon, George Q, 68
Cannon, Jo-eph G 68
Cannon, Newton 68
Cannon, William 68
Cantine. John 68
Caperton, Allen T 68
Caper'on. Hugh ()8
Capron, Horace 69
Carey, (jeorge 69
Carey, Jeremiah E 69
Carey. John 69
Carey, Joseph M 69
Carletun , H enry 69
Carlile, Jolin S 69
Carlton. Peter 69
Carmack, Samuel W 69
Carmichael, Richard B 69
Carmichael, William 69
Carnes, Thomas P 69
Carney, Thomas 69
Carpenter, Cyrus Clay 69
Carpenter, Davis 60
Carpenter, Levi D 70
Carpenter, Lewis Cass 70
Carpenter, Matthew H 70
Carr,DabneyS 70
Carr, Francis 70
Carr, James 70
Carr, John 70
Carrington, Edward 70
Carrington, Paul 70
Carroll. Charles, of Carrollton 70
Carroll, Charles H 70
Carroll, Daniel 70
Carroll, James 70
Carroll, John Lee 70
Carroll, John M 71
Carroll, T.K 71
Carroll, William., 71
Carson, Samuel P 71
Carter, Harley H 71
Carter, John 71
Carter, Luther C 71
Carter, Timothy J 71
Carter, William B 71
Carter, David K 7!
Caruthers, Robert L 71
Caruthers, Samuel 71
Cary, George B 71
Cary, San\uel F 71
Cary, Shepard 71
Case, Charles 71
Case, Walter 71
Casey, Joseph 72
Casey, Levi! 72
Casey, Samuel 72
Casey, Samuel L 72
Casey, Zadoc 72
Caskie, John S 72
Cason, I'homas J 72
Cass, Lewis 72
Cass, Lewis, Jr 72
Cassedy, George 72
Casserly, Eugene 72
Caswell, L. B 72
Caswell. Richard.... 73
Cate, Georse W 73
Cathcart, Charles W 73
Catlin, Georire S 73
Cato. Sterling G 73
Catron, John 73
Cattell, Alexander G 73
Caulfield, Bernard G 73
Causev, P. F 73
Causin, John M. S 73
Cavanauirh, James M 73
Cessna, John 78
Chaffee, Calvin C 73
Chaffee. Jerome B 74
Chalmers, Joseph W 74
Chamberlain, D. H 74
Chamberlain, Ebenezer M 74
Chamberlain, Jacob P 74
Chami)erlain, John C 74
Cham.berlain, Wijliam 74
Chamberlain, Joshua Lawrence 74
Chambers, David 74
Chambers, Ezekiel F 74
Chambers, George 74
Chambers, Henry 74
Chambers, John 74
Champion, Epaphroditus 75
Champlin, Christopher G 75
Chandler, John 75
Chandler, Joseph R 75
Chandler, Tliomas 75
Chandler, William E 75
Chandler, Zachariah, 75
Chaney, John 75
Chanler, John Winthrop 75
Chapin, Chester W 75
Chapin, Graham H 75
Chapman, Augustus A 75
(;hapman, Bird B 75
Chapman, Charles ; ..; 75
Chapman, Henry 76
Chapman, John 76
Chapman, John G 76
Chapman, John Gadsby '56
Chapman, Reuben 76
Chapman, William W 76
Chappell. Absalom H 76
Chappell, John J 76
Chailton. Robert M 76
Chase. Dudley 76
Chase, George W 76
Chase, Jeremiah T 76
Chase. Lucien B 76
Chase, Salmon P 76
Chase, Samuel 77
Chase, Samuel 77
Chastain. Edward W 77
Chattield. A. G 77
Chavez, J. Francisco 77
Cheatdain, Richard 77
Chenowith. F. A 77
Chestnut. Jamas, Jr 77
Chetwood, William 77
Cheves. Langdon 77
Chew, Benjamin 77
Chilcott. George M 77
Childs, Thomas , 77
Childs, Timothy 77
Chilton, Samuel 78
Chinn, Joseph W 78
Chinn, Thomas W" 78
Chinn, Thomas W 78
Chipman, Daniel 78
Chipman, Henry 78
Chipman, John S 78
Chipman, Nathaniel 78
Chipman. Norton P 78
Chittenden, Lucius B 78
Chittenden, Martin 78
Chittenden, Simeon B 78
Chittenden, Thomas 78
Chittenden, T. C 78
Choate, Rufus 79
Chrisraan, James S 79
Christiancy, Isaac P , 79
Christie, Gabriel 79
Christy, John H 79
Church, Samuel 79
Church. Sanford E 79
Churchill, John Charles 79
Churchwell, William M 79
Cilley, Bradbury 79
Cilley. Jonathan 79
Cilley, Joseph 79
Clagett, William H 79
Claggett, Clifton 79
Claiborne, John 80
Claiborne, John F. H 80
Claiborne, Nathaniel H 80
Claiborne, Thomas 80
Claiborne, Thomas 80
Claiborne, William C. C 80
Clapp, Almon M 80
Clapp. AsaW. H 80
Clark, Abraham bO
Clark, Ambrose W 80
Clark, Amos, Jr 80
Clark, Christopher 80
Clark, Daniel FO
Clark, Edward 80
Clark, Ezra. Jr.. 80
Clark, Franklin 80
Clark, Henry S 80
Clark, Horace F 80
Clark, James 81
Clark, James W 81
Clark, John B 81
Clark, John B., Jr 81
Clark, Lincoln 81
Clark, Lot , 81
(;iai k, M. S 81
Clark, Robert 81
Clark, Samuel 81
Clark, WMlliam 81
Clark, William 81
Clark, William T 81
Clarke, Archibald S 81
Clarke, Bayard 81
Clarke, Beverly L 81
Clarke, CiiarlesE 82
Clarke, Daniel 82
Clarke, Freeman 82
Clarke. James 82
Clarke, John 82
Clarke, John 82
Clarke, John B 82
Clarke, John C 82
Clarke, John H 82
Claike, Matthew St. Clair 82
Clarke. Reader Wright 82
Clarke, Sidney 82
Clarke, Staley N 83
Clarke, William 83
Clarkson, Matthew 83
Clawson, I-aiah D 83
Clay, Brutus J 83
Clay, Cassius M 83
Clay. Clement C 83
Clay, Clement C, Jr 83
Clay, Henry 83
Clay, James B 84
Clay, John Randolph , 84
ClMy, Joseph 84
Clay, Matthew 84
Clay. Thomas H 84
Clayton, Alexander M 84
Clayton, Angustin S 84
Clayton, Charles 84
Clayton, John M 84
Clayton, Joshua .-. .. 85
ClavTon, Philip 85
Clayton, Powell 85
Clayton, Thomas 85
Cleaveland. J. F 85
Clemens, Jeremiah 85
Clemens, Sherrard 85
Clements, Andrew J 85
Clements, Jsnac 85
Clemson, Thomas G 85
Clendenen, David 85
Cleveland, Chauncey F 85
Cleveland, Orestes 85
Clever. Charles P 86
Clifford, John Henry 86
Clifford, Nathan 86
Clift, Joseph W 86
Clinch, Duncan L 86
Clingan, William 86
Clingman. Thomas L 86
Clinton, De Witt 86
Clinton, George 86
Clinton, George. Jr 86
Clinton. James G 86
Clinton, Thomas 86
Clopton, David 86
GENERAL INDEX.
659
Clopton, John 86
Clowiiey, William K 87
Cly mer George 87
Clymer, HiePter 87
Cobb, Aniasa 87
Cobb, Ciiiitoii L 87
Cobb. David 87
Cobb, George T S7
Cobb, Howell 87
Cobb. Howell 87
Cobb, Stephen Alonzo 88
Cobb, Thomas W 88
Cobb, Williamson R. W 88
Cobiirn, Abner 88
Col)iirn, John ii8
Cobuni, John 88
Cobiirn, Stephen 88
Cochran, Alexander G 88
Cochran, James 88
Cochrane, Clark B 88
Cochrane, John 88
Cocke, John 88
Cocke, William 88
Cocke, William M 8'.^
Cockerill, Joseph R 89
Cockran, James 89
Cockrell, Francis Marion 89
Coffee, Jolin 89
Coffey, Titian J 89
Cottin, Charles G 98
Coffin, John H. C 89
Coffin. Peleg 89
CoflVoth, Alexander H 89
Coguesliall, William T.... 89
Coghlan, John M 89
Coit, Joshua 89
Coke. Richard 89
Coke, Richard 89
Colby, A 89
C(.U)y, Stoddard B 89
Colcock, William P 89
Coldeii, CadwaladerD 89
Cole, Cornelius 90
Cole, George E 90
Cole, Orsaraus 90
Coleman, Daniel 90
Coleman, Nicholas D 90
Coles, Edward 90
Coles, Isaac 90
Coles, Walter 90
Colf.ix, Schuyler 90
Coihuner, Jacob 90
Collier, Henry Walking 90
Collier. John A 90
Collin, John F 90
Collins, Ela 91
Collins, Francis D 91
Collins, John .. 91
Collins, John 91
Collins. Thomas 91
Collins, William 91
Collins, William 91
Colquitt, Alfred H 91
Colquitt, W.T 91
Colston, Edward 91
Comegys, Cornelius P... 91
Comegys, Joseph P 91
ConiiUiJio, Abram 91
Comins, Linus B 91
Comstock, George F 91
Conistock, Oliver C 91
Conant. Charles F 91
Condict, John 92
Condici, Lewis 92
Condicr, Silas 92
Condict. Silas 92
Condy, Jonathan W 92
Conger, Harmon S 92
Conger, James L 92
Cnger, Omar D 92
Conklinir, Alfred 92
ConUling, Frederick A 92
Conkling, Koscoe 92
Connelly, Henry 92
Conner, John C 92
Conner, Samuel S 92
Conness, John 92
Connor, Henry W 93
Connor. Selden 93
Connover, Simon B 93
Conrad, Charles M 93
Conrad, Frederick 93
Conrad, John 93
Constable, Albert 93
Contee, Benjamin 93
Converse, Julins 93
Conway, Elias N 93
Conway. Henry W 93
Conway, James S 93
Conway, Martin F 93
Cony. Samuel 93
Conyngham, John N 93
Cook, Burton C 93
Cook, Daniel P 94
Cook, John P 94
Cook, Orchard , 94
Cook, Philip 94
Cook. ThomasB 94
Cook, Zadock 94
Cooke, Bate 94
Cooke, Eleutheros 94
Cooke, Henry D 94
( ooke, Jay 94
Cooke, Joseph P 94
Cooke. Nicholas 94
Cooley, Dennis N 94
Cooley , James 94
Coolidge. Carlos 94
Cooper, David 95
Cooper, Edmund 9.i
Cooper, (ieorge B 95
Cooper, Henry 95
Cooper, James 95
Cooper, John 95
Cooper, Mark A 95
Cooper, Richard M 95
Cooper, Thomas 95
Cooper, Thomas B 95
Cooper, William 95
Cooper, William B 95
Cooper, W. R 95
Corbett, Henry W 95
C«'rcoran, William W 95
Corley, Simeon 95
(^orntlison, John M 96
Cornell, Ezekiel 96
Cornell, Thomas 96
Corning, Erastus 96
Corvvin. Franklin 96
Corwin, Moses B 96
Corwin, Thomas 96
Cotteral, J. L. T 96
Cottman, Joseph S 96
Cotion, Aylett R 96
Coulter, John 96
Coulter, Richard 96
Covington, Leonard 96
Covude, John 97
Cowan, Edgar 97
Cowan, Jacob P 97
Cowen, Berjamin Rush 97
Cowen, Benjamin Sprague 97
Cowen, Esek 97
Cowlea, Edward P 97
Cowles, George W 97
Cowles, Henry B 97
Cox, Christopher C 98
Cox, Jacob Dolson 98
Cox, James 98
Cox, Leander M 98
Cox, Samuel S 98
Coxe, Tench 98
Coxe, William 98
Cozzens. William C 98
Crabb, George W 98
Crabb, Jeremiah 98
Cradlebaugh, John 98
Crafts, Samuel C 98
Ciagin. Aaron H 99
Craiijr, Hector 99
Craig, James 99
Craig, Job n D 99
Craig, Robert 99
Cra' ge, Bu rt< >n 99
Craik, William 99
Cramer, John 99
Cramer, M.J 99
Cranch, William 99
Crane. Joseph H 99
Crane, Stephen 99
Cranston, Henry Y 99
Cranston, Robert B 99
Crapo, Henry H 99
Crapo, William W 100
Crary, Isaac E JOO
Cravens, James A 100
Cravens, James H ' ]00
Crawford, George W 100
Crawford, Joel 100
Crawford, Martin J IdO
Crawford, S. J ]00
Crawford, Thom as 100
Crawford, Thomas Hartley '. 100
Crawford, William lOO
Crawford, William 101
Crawford, William H 101
Creamer, Thomas J lOl
Crebs, John M *.'.'. loi
Creely, John V ..... 101
Creighton, William 101
Creighton, William. Jr 101
Creswell, John A. J 101
Crisfield, John W 101
Crist, Henry ... loi
Critcher, John 102
Crittenden, John J 102
Crittenden, Thomas T 102
Crocheron, Henry 102
Crocheron, Jacob 102
Crocker, Alvah 102
Crocker, Samuel L 102
Crockett, David 102
Crockett, John W 102
Crooke, Philip S 102
Crosl)ie, Henry R 102
Crosby, ElishaO 102
Crosby, William G 102
Cross, Edward 102
Cro^sland, Edward 103
Crouch, Edward mS
Crounse. Lorenzo 103
Crowell, John 103
Crowell, John 103
Crowinshield, Benjamin W 103
Crowinshiild, Jacob 103
Croxton, John T 103
Crozier, John H 103
Crudnp, Josiah 103
Crnger, Daniel lOS
Crnger, John 103
Crump, George William 103
Crump, William 103
Crutchfifcld. William 103
Culbreth, Thomas 103
Cullen, Elisha D 103
Cullom, Alvan 103
Cnllom, Shelby M 103
Cullom, William 103
Culpepper, John 103
Culver, Charles Vernon 104
Culver, Erastus D... 104
Culver, E. D 104
Culverson. David B 104
Cumback, Will 104
Cum:ning, Thomas W 104
Gumming, William 104
Cummings, Alexander 104
Cummins, John 104
Cummins, John D 104
Cunningham, Fiancis A 104
Curry, George L 104
Curry, Jabez L. M 104
Curtin, Andrew Greg<r 104
Curtis, Benjamin Robbins 104
Curtis. Carlton B 104
Curtis, Edward 104
Curtis, b>arauel R 104
Cushing, Caleb 105
Cushing, Courtland 105
Cushing, Thomas 105
Cushing, William 105
Cushman, John F 105
Cushman, John Paine 105
Cushman, Joshua 105
Cushman, Samuel 105
Curhhert, Alfred . . 105
Cuthbert, John A. 105
Cutler, Augustus W 105
Cutler, Manasseh 106
Curler. William P 106
Cutting, Francis B 106
Cutts, Charles 106
Cutts, James Madison 106
Cutts, Richard 106
Ciiyler, Jeremiah 106
Dagizett, David 106
Daily, Samuel G 106
Dallas, Alexander J 106
Dallas, George Mifflin 107
Dalton, Tristam 107
Daly, Charles P 107
Damrell William S 107
Dana, Amasa 107
Dana, Charles Anderson 107
Dana, Francis 107
Dana, John W 107
Dana, Judah 107
Dana, Samuel 108
Dana, Samuel W 108
Dane, Joseph 108
Dane, Nathan 108
Dan ford, Lorenzo 108
Daniel, Henry 108
Daniel, John M 108
Daniel, John R. J 108
Daniel, Joseph J 108
Daniel, Peter Vyvian 108
Danner, JoelB 108
Darby, Ezra 108
Darby. John Fletcher 108
Dirgan, Edward S 108
Dargon, George W 109
Darling, Mason C 109
Darling. William A 109
Darlington, Edward 109
Darlington, Isaac 109
660
GENERAL INDEX.
Darlington, William 109
Darragn, Cornelius 109
Darrall, Chester B 109
Darwin, C. B 109
Davee, Thomas 109
Davenport, Franklin 109
Davenport, James 109
Davenport, James J 109
Davenport, John 110
Davenport, John 110
Davenport, Thomas 110
Davezac, Anguste 110
Davidson. Thomas G 110
Davidson, William 110
Davie, William R 110
Davie, William Richardson 110
Davies, Edward 110
Davies, William 110
Davi?, Amos 110
Davis, Charles Henry 110
Davis, C. K 110
Davis, David Ill
Davis, Edmund J Ill
Davis, Garret Ill
Davis, George T Ill
Davis, Henry G Ill
Davis, Henry Winter Ill
Davis, Jefferson Ill
Davis, John Ill
Davis, John Ill
Davis. John Ill
Davis, John C. Bancroft 112
Davis, John G 112
Davis, John J 112
Davis, John W 112
Davis, Joseph J 112
Davis, Noah 112
Davis, Reuben 112
Davis, Richard D , 112
Davis, Ro<>:er 112
Davis, Samuel 112
Davis, Samuel B 112
Davis, Thomas 112
Davis, Thomas T 112
Davis, Thomas T 112
Davis, Timothy 113
Davis, Timothy 113
Davis, Warren R 113
Davis, William M 113
Davy, John M 113
Dawes, Henry L 113
Dawson, John 113
Dawson, John B 113
Dawson, John L 113
Dawson, William C 113
Dawson, William J 113
Day, Rowland 113
Day, Thomas 1 14
Day, Timothy C 114
Dayan, Charles. . 114
Dayton, Aaron 0 114
Dayton, Eiias 114
Dayton, Jonathan 114
Dayton, Nathan 114
Dayton. William L 114
Deady. Matthew P 114
Dean, Ezra 114
Dean, Gilbert 114
Dean, Josiah 114
Dean, Sidney 114
Deane, Silas 114
Dearborn, Henry 115
Dearborn, Henry A. S 115
Deberry, Edmund 115
De Bolt, Rezin A 115
De Bow, James D, B 115
Defrees, John D.. 116
Defrees. Joseph H 116
Degener, Edward ..." 116
DeGraff, John 1 116
Deitz, William 116
De Jarnette, Daniel C 116
Delahay, Mark W 116
Delano, Charles 116
Delano, Columbus 116
Delaplaine, Isaac C 116
De Large, Robert C 116
De Lisle, Moreau 116
Dellet, James 116
Delmar, Alexander 116
DeLong, Charles E 117
Deming, Benjamin P 117
Deming, Henry C 117
De Mott, John 117
Denio, Hiram 117
Dennison, Charles 117
Dennison, Dudley C 117
Denning. William 117
Denni<, George R 117
Dennis, John 117
Dennis. John 117
Dennis, Littleton P 117
Dennison, George 117
Dennison, William 117
Denny, Arthur A 116
Denny, Harmar 118
Denoyelles, Peter 118
Dent, George 118
Dent, William B. W 118
Denver. James W 118
Derbigny, Peter 118
Desaussure, Henry W 118
Desaussure, William P 118
Desha, Joseph 118
Desha, Robert 118
Destrihan, John Noal 118
Dewart, Lewis 118
Dewart, William L 118
Deweese, John T 118
Dewey, Daniel 118
Dewey, Nelson 118
De Witt, Alexander 119
De Witt, Charles 119
De Witt, Charles G 119
De Witt, David Miller 119
De Witt, Jacob H 119
De Wolf, James 119
Dexter, Samuel 119
Dibrell, George G 119
Dick, John 119
Dick, John 119
Dick, Robert P 119
Dick, Samuel 119
Dickens, Asbury 119
Dickens, Samuel 119
Dickerson, Mahlon 119
Dickerson, Philemon 119
Dickey, Jesse C 119
Dickey, John : 120
Dickey, Oliver J 120
Dickey, T. Lyle 120
Dickinson, Andrew B 120
Dickinson, Daniel S 120
Dickinson, David W 120
Dickinson, Edward 120
Dickinson, Edward P 120
Dickinson, John 120
Dickinson, John D 120
Dickinson, Philemon 120
Dickinson, Rudolphus 120
Dickson, David 120
Dickson, John 120
Dickson, Samuel 120
Dickson, William 121
Dillingham, Paul, Jr 121
Dillon, John F 121
Diman, Byron ; 121
Dimitry, Alexander 121
Dimmick, Milo M 121
Dimmick, William H 121
Dimock, Davis, Jr 121
Dimond, Francis M 121
Dingley. Nelson I2l
Dinsmoor, Samuel 121
Dinsmoor, Samuel 121
Disney, David T l2l
Diven, Alexander S 121
Dix, John A 121
Dixon, Archibald 122
Dixon, James 122
Dixon. Joseph 122
Dixon, Joseph Henry 122
Dixon, Luther C 122
Dixon, Nathan P 122
Dixon, Nathan F 122
Doane, William 122
Dobbin, James C 122
Dobbins, Samuel A 122
Dobbs, Anhur 122
Dockery, Alfred 122
Dockerv, Oliver H 122
Dodd, Edward 123
Doddridge, Philip 123
Dodds, Ozro J 123
Dodge, Augustus C 123
Dodge, Grenville M 123
Dodge, Henry 123
Dodse, William E 123
Doe, Nicholas B ... 123
Doig, Andrew W 123
Dole, William P 123
Donelson, Andrew Jackson 123
Donley, Joseph B 124
Donnan, William G 124
Donnell, John R 124
Donnell, Richard S 124
Donnelly, Ignatius 124
Doolittle, Charles H 124
Doolittle, Jame.s R 124
Door, Thomas Wilson 124
Dorsey, Clement 124
Dorsey, Stephen W 124
Doty, James D 124
Doubleday, Ulysses P 125
Dougherty, Thomas , 125
Douglas, Beverly B 125
Douglas, Stephen A 125
Douglass, I. W 125
Douglass, Samuel J 125
Dowell, James F i25
Downey, John G 125
Downing, Charles 125
Downs, Solomon W 125
Dowse, Edward 125
Dowse, William 125
Dox, Peter M 125
Drake, Charles D 125
Drake, John R 126
Drake, Thomas J 126
Draper, Joseph 126
Drayton, John 126
Drayton, William 126
Drayton, William 126
Drayton, William Henry 126
Drew, Thomas S 126
Driggs, John F 126
Dromgoole, George C 126
Drum, Augustus 126
Drnmmond, Thomas 126
Drummond, William W 126
Drummond, Willis 126
Dryer, Thomas J 126
Duane, James 126
Duane, John William 127
Duboise, Dudley M 127
Duckett, Allen B 127
Dudley, Charles Edward 127
Dudley. Edward B 127
Duell, R. Holland 127
Duer, William 127
Duer, William 127
Duer, William 127
Duer, William Alexander 127
Dulfield. George 127
Duke, Richard T. W 127
Dumont, Ebenezer 128
Dunbar, William 128
Duncan, Alexander 128
Duncan, Charles 128
Duncan, Daniel 128
Duncan, Garnett 128
Duncan, James H 128
Duncan, Joseph 128
Dundas, William H 128
Dundy, Elmers 128
Dunham, Cyrus L 128
Dunklin, Daniel 128
Dunlap, George W 128
Dunlap, Robert P 128
Dunlap, William C 128
Dunlavy, Francis . 128
Dunlop. James 128
Dunn, Charles 129
Dunn, George G 129
Dunn, George H 129
Dunn, William McKee 129
Dunne, Edmund Francis 129
Dunnell, Mark H 129
Dunning. Paris C 129
Duprc, Jacques 129
Durand. George H 129
Durell, DanielM 129
Durell, E. H 129
Durlee.Job 129
Durfee, Nathaniel B 129
Durham, Milton J 129
Durkee, Charles 129
Dutton, Henry 130
Duval, Gabriel 130
Duval, J. H 130
Duval, Thomas H 130
Duval, William P 130
Dwigh t, Henry W 130
Dwight, Theodore 130
Dwight, Thomas 130
Dwinell, Justin 130
Dver, David P 130
Dyer, Eliphalet 130
Dyer, Elisha 130
Dver. John J 130
Eager. S. W 130
Ea'raes, Benjamin T 131
Eames. Charles 131
Earle, Elias 131
Earle, JohnB 131
Earle, Richard T 131
Earle, Samuel 131
Earll, Jonas, Jr 131
Earll, Nehemiah H 131
Early, Peter 131
Easby, William 131
Easterbrook, Experience 131
Eastman, Benjamin C 131
Eastman, Ira A. 131
Ea«>tman, John R 131
Eastman, Nehemiah 131
GENERAL INDEX.
661
Eastman, Rufus 131
Eaton, Horace 131
Eaton, John 131
Eaton, John H 132
Eaton, Lewis 132
Eaton, William W ... 132
Eckert, George N 132
Ecles, Delane R 132
Eckley. Ephraim R 132
Eddy, Norman 132
Eddy, Samuel 132
E'leii, Charles 132
Eden, John R 132
Edgecomb, Willard W 132
Edgeiton, Alfred? 132
Edgerton, Joseph Ketchum 132
Edgerton, Sidney 132
Edie, John R 132
Edmandji, J. Wiley 132
Edmond, William 132
Edmonds, John Worth 133
Edmondson, Henry A 133
Edmunds, George F 133
Edmunds, G 133
Edmunds, James M 133
Edmunds, Newton 133
Edsall, Joseph E 133
Edward, Jchn 133
Edwards. Benjamin 133
Edwards, Francis S 133
Edwards, Henry W 133
Edwards, James L 133
Edwards, John 133
Edwards, John 133
Edwards, John C 133
Edwards, Ninian 133
Edwards, Pierrepout 134
Edwards, Samuel 134
Edwards, Thomas M 134
Edwards, Tom 0 134
Edwards, Weldon N 134
Edwards, William P 134
Effner, Valentine 134
Egbert, A. G 134
Egbert, Joseph 134
Ege, George 131
Eiigleston, Benjamin 134
Eggleston, Joseph 134
Ela, Jacob H 135
Eldred, Nathaniel B 135
Kldridire, Charles A 135
E)i:;ar, Joseph 135
Elior, Samuel A 135
Eliot, Thomas D 135
Elkins, Stephen B 135
EUery, Christopher 135
Ellery, William 135
Ellicott, Andrew l;j5
Ellicott, Benjamin 135
Elliot, John 135
Elliott, James 135
Elliott, James T 135
Elliott, John M 135
Elliott, Robert Brown, of Columbia.. 136
Ellis, Caleb 1.36
Ellis, Cheselden 136
Ellis, E. John 1,3H
Ellis, John Willis 136
Ellis, Powhatan 136
Ellis, Vespasian 1.36
Ellis, William C 136
Ellison, Andrew 136
Ellsworth, Henry Leavitt 1,36
Ellsworth, Henry W 136
Ellsworth, Oliver I;i6
Ellsworth, Samuel S 1,36
Ellsworth, William W 136
Elmeiidorf, Lucas 136
Elmer, Ebenezer 137
Elmer, Jonathan 137
Elmer, Lucius Q. C 137
Elmore, Franklin Harper 137
Elmore, Rush 1.37
Ely, Alfred 137
Ely, John 137
Ely, Smith, Jr 137
Ely, William 137
Eml)ree, Elisha 137
Emerson, Philip H 137
Emery, George W 1.37
Emmanuel, David 137
Emmons, H. H ; . . . 137
Emory, William Helmsley 138
Emott, James 138
Emrie, J. Reece 138
English, JainesE 138
Englif^h. William H 138
Eppes, John W 138
Erdmnn, Jacob 1.38
Erskine, John 138
Ervin, James 138
Erviug, George W 138
Erwin. David 138
Eskridge, Thomas P 138
Espy, James P 1,39
Estil, Benjamin 139
Esty, Constantino C 139
Etheridge, Emerson ; . . 1.39
Eustis, George 139
Eustis, George, Jr 1,39
Eustis, William 139
Evans, Alexander 139
Evans, David E 1,39
Evans, David R 139
Evans, George 139
Evans, James Lafayette 1,39
Evans, John 1,39
Evans, Joshua 139
Evans, Josiah J 1,39
Evans, Lemuel D 140
Evans, Nathan 140
Evans, Thomas 140
Evarts, William M 140
Eve, Joseph 140
Eveleigh, Nicholas 140
Everett, Alexander Hill 140
Everett, Edward 140
Everett. Horace 141
Everhart, William 141
Ewbank, Thomas 141
Kwing, Andrew 141
Ewing, Charles 141
Ewing, Edwin H 141
Ewing, Hugh 141
Ewing, John 141
Ewing, John H 141
Ewing, Presley 141
Ewing, Thomas 141
Ewing, Thomas, Jr 141
Ewing, William L, D 141
Eyster, C. S 141
Pair, Elisha Y 141
Fairbanks, Erastus 142
Fairchild, Lucius 142
Fairfield, John 142
Faran. James J 142
Farlee, Isaac G 142
Farley, E. Wilder 142
Farliu, Dudley 142
Farnsworth, John F 142
Farqiihar, John H 142
Farrelly, John W 142
Farrelly, Patrick 142
Farrington, James 142
Farrow, Samuel 142
Farwell, Charles B 142
Farwell, Nathan A 142
Faulk, Andrew J 143
Faulkner, Charles J 143
Faxon, William 143
Fay, Francis B 143
Fay, John 143
Fay, Jonas 143
Fay, '1 heodore Sedgwick 143
Fearing, Paul 143
Featherston, W. S 143
Felch, Alphens 143
Felder, John M 143
Fell, John 144
Fenner, James 144
Fenner, James. 144
Fenton, Reuben E 144
Feriruson, Fenner 144
Ferris, Charles G 144
Ferriss. Orange 144
Ferry, Orris S 144
Ferry, Thomas W 144
Fessenden, Samuel C 144
Fessenden, T. A. D 144
Fessenden, William Pitt 145
Few, William 145
Ficklin. Orlando B 145
Field, Maunsell B 145
Field, Moses W 145
Field, Richard S 145
Field, Stephen J....... 145
Field, Walbridge A 145
Fields, William C 145
Fillmore, Millard 145
Finch, Isaac 146
Findlay, James 146
Findlay, John 146
Findlay, William 146
Findlay, William 146
Fine, John 146
Fink, William E 146
Finkelnburg, G. A 146
Finney, Darwin A 146
Fish, Hamilton 146
Fisher, Charles 147
Fisher, David.. 147
Fisher, George 147
Fisher, George P 147
Fisher, Hendrick 141
Fisher, John 147
Fisher, John 147
Fisher, Joseph W 147
Fisher, S. S 147
Fiak, James 147
Fisk, Jonathan 147
Fitch, Asa 147
Fitch, Graham N 147
Fitch, Thomas 147
Fitts, Oliver 148
Fitzgerald, Thomas 148
Fitzgerald, William 148
Fitzhugh, Edward C 148
Fitzhugh, Nicholas I48
Fitzhugh, William 148
Fitzpatrick, Benjamin 148
Fitzsimons, Thomas 148
Flanagan, James W 148
Flanders, Alvin 148
Flanders, Benjamin F 148
Flandraw, Cliarles E 148
Flauuigan, Harris 148
Flernming, William 148
Flenniken, Robert P 148
Flcnniker, Robert P 148
Fletcher, Isaac 148
Fletcher, Richard 149
Fletcher, Ryland 149
Fletcher, Thomas 149
Fletcher, Thomas C 149
Flood, George H 149
Florence, Elias 149
Florence, Thomas B 149
Floiirnoy, Thomas S 149
Floyd. Charles A 149
Floyd, John 149
Floyd, John 149
Floyd, John B 149
Floyd, John G 149
Floyd, William 149
Flugler, Thomas T 149
Fogg, George G 149
Foley, James B 150
Folger, Walter 150
Folsora, George 150
Folsom, Nathaniel 150
Foot, Samuel A 150
Foot, Solomon 150
Foote, Charles A 150
Foote, Henry S 150
Foote, Thomas M 150
Forbes, James 150
Forbes, John M 150
Force. Peter 150
Ford, Gabriel H 151
Ford, James 151
Ford, Seabury 151
Ford, Thomas 151
Ford, Thomas H 151
Ford, William D 151
Forester, John B 151
Forker, Samuel C 151
Foruance, Joseph 151
Forney, Daniel M 151
Forney, John W 151
Forney, Peter 151
Forney, William H... 161
Forrest, Thomas 1.51
Forrest, Uriah 151
Forsyth, John 151
Fort, George F 152
Fort, Greenberry L 152
Fort, Tomlinson 152
Forward, Chauncey 152
Forward, Walter 152
Forward, William A 152
Fo.«dick, Nicoll 152
Foster, Abiel 152
Foster, A. Lawrence 152
Foster, Charles 152
Foster, C. G 152
Foster, Dwight 152
Foster, Ephraim H 152
Foster, Henry A 153
Foster, Henry Donnel 153
Foster, Jedediah 153
Foster, John W 153
Foster, La Fayette S 1.53
Foster, Nathaniel G 153
Foster, Stephen C 153
Foster, Theodore 153
Foster, Thomas F 153
Foster. Wilder D 153
Fouke, Philip B 153
Fowler, John 153
Fowler, Joseph Smith 153
Fowler, Orin 154
Fowler, Samuel 154
Fox, Edward 154
Fox, Gustavus Vaea 154
Fox, John 154
Frauchot, Richard 154
662
GENERAL INDEX.
Francis, John Brown 154
Franfis, John M 154
Frank, Aujrustiis 154
Franklin, Benjamin 154
Franklin, B. J 154
Franklin. Jesse 155
Franklin, John R 155
Franklin, Meshack 155
Franklin, Walter S 155
Fri^er, Philip 155
Frazier, William C 155
Fret dley. John 155
Freemnn, Chapman 155
Freeman. Constan t 155
Freeman, James C 155
Freeman, John D 155
Freeman. Jonathan 155
Freeman, Nathaniel 155
Freeman, Samuel 155
Frelinijiinysen, Frederick 155
Freliuj^liuysen, Frederick T 155
Frelinghiiy^en, Theodore 156
Fremont, John Charles 156
French, A. C 156
French, Benjamin B 156
French, C. E. G 156
French, Ezra B ]56
French, John R 156
French, Richard 156
Frev, Joseph 156
Frick, Henry 157
Fries, George 167
Fromentin,"Elij(ius 157
Frost, Edward 157
Frost, George 157
Frost. Jof 1 157
Frost, Knfus S 157
Fry, Jacob, Jr 157
Frye. William P 157
Fuller, Bartholomew 157
Fuller, Benoni Stinson 157
Fuller. Georire 157
Fuller, Henry M 157
Fuller, Jerome 157
Fuller, Philo C 157
Fuller, Thomas J. D 157
Fuller, Timothy 157
Fuller, William K 157
Fullerton, David 158
Fulton. Andrew S 158
Fulton, John H 158
Fulton. William S 158
Furnass. R W 158
Gadsden, Christopher 158
Gadsden, James 158
Gn<,'e, Joshua 158
Gaillard, John 158
Gaillard, Theodore 158
Gaines, John P 158
Gaither. Nathan 158
Galbraith, John 158
Gale, George 158
Gale, Levin 158
Gale, William H 158
Gales, Joseph 158
Gallaher, J<.hn S 159
Gallatin. Albert 159
Gallegos, Jose M 159
Galloway. Joseph 159
Galloway. Samuel 159
Gallup, Albert Ir9
Galusha. Jonas 159
Gamble, Hamilton R 159
Gamble. James . 159
Gamble, Ro-rer L 159
Gannett. Barzilla 159
Gannt, E. W 159
Ganeevoort, Leonard 160
Ganson. John 1»K)
Garber, Silas 160
Gardenier, Barent 160
Gardner, Charles K 160
Gardner, Francis 160
Gardner, Gideon 160
Gardner. Henry J 160
Gardner. Joseph lc.0
Garfield, James A 160
Garfielde. Selucius 160
Garland, A. H 160
Garland, David S 160
Garland, Hujih A 160
Garland, James... 160
Garliind, Rice 161
Garneit. James M 161
Garnett, Muscoe R. H 161
Garnett, Robert S 161
Garnsey, Daniel G.. 161
Garrard, James 161
Garrett, Abraham E 161
Garrison, Daniel 161
Garrow, Nathaniel 161
Gartlin, Alfred 161
Gartrell, Lucius J 161
Garvin, William S 161
Gaston, William 161
Gates, Seth Merrill Kil
Cause, Lucien Cotesworth J61
Gayarre, Charles E. A V\2
Gayle, John 162
Gaylord, Augustus S lf.2
Gaylord, James M 162
Gazley, James W 162
Geary, John W 162
Gebhard, John 162
Geddes, James 1 62
Geddes, John 162
uentry, Meredith P 162
German, Obadiah 162
Gerry, Elbridge 162
Gerry, Elbridge 162
Gerry. James 163
Gervais, John L 163
Getz, J. Lawrence 163
Geyer, Henry S 163
Gholson. James H 163
Gholson. S. J 163
Giiolson, Thomas 163
Gibbous, Thomas 163
Gibbons, William 163
Gibbs, A. C 163
Gibbs, Richard 163
Gibbs, William Channing 163
Gibson, Jame^ King 163
Gibson. John 163
Gihr^on, John Bannister 163
Gibson. Randall Lee 163
Giddings, De Witt C lr»3
GiddiUiTS, Joshua R 163
Giddings. Mnrsh 164
Gilbert, Abijah 164
Gilbert, Edward 164
Gilbert, Ezeldel 164
Gilbert, Sylvester 164
Gilbert. William A lc.4
Gilchrist, John James lr>4
Gilchrist, Robert B 164
Giles, John 164
Giles, William Branch 164
Giles, William Fell : 164
Gilfillan,C.W 164
Gill, Moses 164
Gillespie, James 164
Gillet, Ransom H 164
Gillette, Francis 165
Gillis, James L ■ 165
Gilliss, James Melvin 165
Gillon, Alexander 165
Gilman, Charles J 165
Gilman, John Taylor 1G5
Gilman, Joseph 165
Gilman, Nicholas 165
Gilmer, Ge irge R 165
Gilmer, John A 165
Gilmer, Thomas W 165
Gilmore, Allied 165
Gilmore, John 166
(-iilmore, Joseph Alherton 166
Gilmore, S. A 166
Gilpin, Henry D 166
Gist, Joseph 166
Gist, William H 166
Glascock, Thomas ... 166
Glasgow, Hno;h 166
Gleason, William E 166
Glen, John 166
Glenn, Elias 166
Glenn, Henry 166
Glonmger, John 166
Glofsbrenner, Adam J 166
Glover, John Montgomery 166
Goddard, Calvin 166
Golorih, John 166
Gojrgin, William L 166
Gold, Thomas R 167
G(ddsborough, Brice J 167
Goldsborouirh, Charies W 167
Goldsb( rough, R' 'bert 167
Goldthwaite, George 167
Golladay, Edward J . 167
Golladav, Jacob S 167
Gooch, Daniel W .'... 167
Goode, John, Jr 167
Goode, Patrick G 167
Goode, Samuel 167
Goode, William O 167
Goodenow, John M 167
Goodenow, Robert 167
Goodenow, Rnfua K 160
Goodhue. Benjamin 168
Goodin. John R 16S
Goodrich, Aaron . 168
Goodrich, Chauncey 168
Goodrich, Elizur 168
Goodrich, John Z 168
Goodrich, Mile 168
Goodwin, Daniel jos
Goodwin, Henry C 168
Gcodwin, Ichabod i68
Goodwin, Ichabod 168
Goodwin, John N ]68
Goodwin, Peterson UiS
Goi>dyear. Charles 169
Gordon, James 169
Gordon. John B 169
Gordon, Samuel 169
Gordon, William 169
Gordon. William F 169
Gore, Christopher 169
Gorham, Benjamin ]69
Gorham, George C 169
Gorham, Nathaniel 169
Gorman, Willis Arnold 169
Gorshire. William R 169
Goss, James H 169
Gott, Daniel 170
Gould, George 170
Gould, HernTan D 170
Gould. James 170
Gourdin, Theodore I'JO
Govan. A. R 170
Gove, Samuel F 170
GiMham, Daniel 170
Graham, James 170
Graham, James H 170
Graham, John 170
Graham, William 170
Graham. William A 170
Granger. Amos P 170
Granjier, Bradley F 170
Granger, Francis 170
Granger, Gideon 170
Grant, Abraham P 171
Grant, Ulysses S 171
Grantland, Seaton 171
Gravely, Joseph J 171
Graves", Benjamin F 171
Graves. William J 171
Gray, Edward 171
Grav, Hiram 171
Gray, John C 171
Gray<on, William 171
Grayson, William 171
Grayson, William J 172
Greeiey. Horace 172
Green, Bvram 172
Green, Duff 172
Green, Frederick W 172
Green, L L 172
Green, Innis 172
Green, James S 172
Green, Willis 172
Green, Albert C 173
Greene, George W 173
Greene, Ray 173
Greene, Roger S 173
Greene, Thomas M 173
Gieenough, Horatio 173
Greenup, Christopher 173
Greenwood, A. B 173
Gregg, Andrew 173
Gregg, David L 173
Gregg, James M 173
Gregory, Dudley S 173
Gregory John M 173
Greig, John 173
Greiner. John 173
Gruiinell, George 174
Gresham, Waller Q 174
Grey, Benjamin E 174
Grider. Htniy 174
Grier, Robert C 174
Griffin, Cyrus 174
Griffin, Isaac 174
Griffin, John . 174
Griffin, John K 184
Griffin, Samuel 184
Griffin, Thomas 174
Griffith, Samuel 174
Griffith William 174
Grimes, James W 174
Grimke, Frederick 174
Grinnell, Joseph 174
Grinnell, Josiah B 175
Grinnell, Moses H 175
Griswold, Gaylord 175
Griswold, John A 175
Griswold, John A 175
Grswold, Roger 175
Griswold. Stanley 175
Groesbeck, William S 175
Groome. James B 175
Gross, Ezra C 175
Gross, I?amuel 175
Grosvenor. Thomas P 176
Grout, Jonathan 176
Grove, W illiam B 116
GENERAL INDEX
663
Grover, Asa P 176
Grover, Lafayette 176
Grover, Martin 176
Grow, Galuslia A 176
Gniiidy, Fi^lix 176
Giierard, Benjamin 176
Guion. JohnJ 176
Giinckel, Lewis B 176
Giimi, James.. . » 176
Gniiter, Thomas M 176
Giirley, Henry H 176
Gurley, Ji)hn A 177
Gui^tine, Amos 177
Gutiirie, James 177
Giivon, James, Jr 177
Gwin, William M 177
Gwinnett, Button 177
Hahen-ham, John 177
Habersham, Joseph 177
Ha bersham, Richard W 177
Hackett, Thomas C 177
Hackley, Aaron, Jr 177
Haddock, Charles Brickett 177
Had lieid, George 178
Hadley, O. A 17S
Hatrer. John S 178
Hagiier, Peter .. 178
Hahn. Jolin 178
Hatin Micliael 178
Haight, Charles 178
Haight, Edward 178
Haight, Fletcher M 178
Haight, Henry Huntly 178
Hailc, William 178
Hailey, John 178
Haines, Daniel 178
Haines. Townsend 178
Haldeman, Jacob 8 178
Haldeman, Richard J 178
Hale, A rtemas 178
Hale, Charles 179
Hale, Euirene 179
Hale, James T 179
Hale, John P 179
Hale, Robert S 179
Hale, Salma 179
Hal'% William 179
Haley, Elisha 179
Hall, Allen A 179
Hall, Asaph 179
Hall, Aiigustns 179
Hall, Benjamin F 179
Hall, Boiling 179
Hall, Chapin 179
Hall, David 180
Hall, Dominick Augustine 180
Hall, Gei^rge 180
Hall, Hiland 180
Hall, John 180
Hall, John 180
Hall, Joseph 180
Hall, Lawrence W 180
Hall, Lyman 180
Hall. Nathan K 180
Hall Obed 180
Hall, Robert B 180
Hall, Thomas H 180
Hall, Willard 180
Hall, Willard P 181
Hall. William ]81
Hall, William A ISl
Hallet, Stephen 181
Hallett, Moses 181
Hallock, John, Jr 181
Hallovpay, Ransom 181
Hallyburton, James D 181
Halsey, George A 181
Halsey, Jehiel H 181
Halsey, Nicoll 181
Halsey, Silas 181
Halsey, William 181
Halsted, William 181
Ham, John 181
Hambleton, Samuel 181
Hamer, Thomas L 181
Hamill, Patrick 181
Hamilton, A. H 182
Hamilton, Alexander 182
Hamilton, Andrew J 182
Hamilton, Charles M 182
Hamil ton, Cornelius S .182
Hamilton, James .' 182
Hamilton, John 182
Hamilton, Morgan C 182
Hamilton, Pan! 182
Hamilton, Robert 182
Hamilton, William T 182
Hamlin, Edward S 183
Hamlin, Hannibal 183
Hammet, William J 183
Hammond, Abram A 183
Hammond, Edward 1S3
Hammond Jabez D 183
Hammond, James H 183
Hammond, Robert H 183
Hammond, Samuel, 183
Hammons, David 183
Hammons, Joseph 183
Hampton, James G 183
Hampton, Moses 184
Hamptnn, Wade 184
Hanchett, Luther 184
Hancock, George 184
Hancock, John 184
Hancock, John 184
Hand, Augustus C 184
Hand, Edward 184
Handley, William A 184
Hanks, James M 184
Hanna, John A 184
Hanna, Robert.. 184
Hannegan, Edward A 184
Hanson, Alexander Contee 185
Hanson, John 185
Haralson, Hugh A 185
Harnlsson, Jeremiah 185
Hard, Gideon 185
Hardeman, Thomas, Jr 185
Hardenbergh, Augustus A 185
H'lrdin, Benjamin 185
Hardin, Charles H 185
Hardin, E. R 185
Hardin, John J 185
Hardin, Martin D 185
Harding, Aaron 186
Harding, Abner C 186
Harding, Benjamin F 186
Harding, Stephen S 186
Hardy, Samuel 186
Hare, J. I. Clark 186
Haring, John 186
Harkness, William 186
Harlan, Aaron 186
Harlan, Andrew J 186
Harlan, James 186
Harlan, James 186
Harmonson, John H 187
Harmar, Josiah 187
Harmer. Alfred C 187
Harnett, Cornelius 187
Harper, Alexander 187
Harper, Francis J 187
Harper, James 187
Harper, Jamee C 187
Harper, John A 1S7
Harper, Joseph M 187
Harper, Robert Goodloe 187
Harper, Samuel H 187
Harper, William 187
Harriman, Walter 187
Harrington, George 187
Harrington, Henry W 188
Harrington, Samuel M 188
Harris, Benjamin Gwinn 188
Harris, Benjamin W 188
Harris, Cary A 188
Harris, Charles M 188
Harris, Edward 188
Harris, Elisha 188
Harris, Georsre E 188
Harris, Henry R 188
Harris, Ira 188
Harris. Isham G 189
Harris, J. Morrison 189
Harris, John 189
Harris, John A 189
Harris, John T. 189
Harris, Leavitt 189
Harris, Mark 189
Harris, Robert 189
Harris, Sampson W 189
Harris, Thomas K 189
Harris^ Thomas L 189
Harris, Townsend 189
Harris, W. L 189
Harris, Wiley P 189
Harris, William A 189
Harris, William R 190
Harrison, Albert G 190
Harrison, Benjamin 190
Harrison. Carter B 190
Harrison, Carter C 190
Harrison, Horace H 190
Harriscm, Jolm Scott 190
Harrison, Richard 190
Harrison, Richard A 190
Harrison, Robert Hanson 190
Harrison, S. S 190
Harri-on, William , , . 190
Harrison, William Henry 190
Hart, Emanuel B 190
Hart, John 190
Hart. O. B.. 191
Hart, Roswell 191
Hartley, John F 191
Hartley, Thomas 191
Hartranft, John Frederick , 191
Hartridge, Julian 191
Hartzell, William 191
Harvey, James E 191
Harvey, James M 191
Harvey, Jonathan 191
Harvey, Lewis P 191
Harvey, Matthew 191
Harvie, John 191
Hasbrouck, Abraham 191
Hasbrouck, Abraham B 192
Hasbrouck, Josiah 192
Hascall, Augustus P 192
Haskell, William T 192
Haskin, John B 192
Haslett, Joseph 192
Hassaurek, Frederick 192
Hassler, Ferdinand Rudolph 192
Hastings, George 192
Hastings, John 192
Hastings, Samuel Clinton 192
Hastings, Seth 192
Hastings, William Soden 192
Hatch. Israel T 192
Hatcher, Robert A 192
Hathaway, Samuel G 192
Hathorn, Henry H 192
Hathorn, John 193
Hatton, Robert 193
Haughey, Thomas 193
Hann, H. P 193
Haven, Nathaniel A 193
Haven, Solomon G 193
Havens, Harrison E 193
Havens, Jonathan N 193
Hawes, Albert G 193
Havves, Aylett 193
Hawes. Richard 193
Hawkes, James 193
Hawkins, Benjamin 193
Hawkins, George S 193
Hawkins, Isaac R 193
Hawkins, Joseph 193
Hawkins, Joseph H 193
Hawkins, M. T 193
Hawkins, Philemon 193
Hawkins, William 194
Hawley, Cyrus M 194
Hawley, John B 194
Hawley, Josepli 194
Hawley, Joseph Roswell 194
Haws, J. H. Hobart 194
Hawthorne, Nathaniel 194
Hay, Andrew K 191
Hay, George 194
Hay, John B 194
Hayden, Moses 194
Hayes, Alexander L 195
Hayes, Rutherford B 195
Hayes, Samuel 195
Haymond. Thomas S 195
Haymond, W. S 195
Hayne, Arthur P 195
Hayne, Robert Y 195
Haynes, Charles E 195
Hays, Charles 195
Hays, L. Samuel 195
Hay ward, Elijah 195
Haywood. William H., Jr 195
Hazard, Ebenezer 195
Hazard, Jonathan 196
Hazard, Nathaniel 196
Hazeltine, Abner 196
Hazeltou, Gerry W 196
Hazelton. John W 196
Hazzard, David 196
Healy, Joseph 196
Heath, James E , 196
Heath, James P 196
Heath, John 196
Heath, Upton S 196
Heaton, David 196
Hebard, William 196
Heflin. Robert S 196
Heister, Daniel 1«6
Heister, Daniel 196
Heister, John 196
Heister, Joseph 196
Heister, William 197
Helm, John Larue 197
Helmick, William 197
Helms, William 197
Hemphill, John 197
Hemphill, Joseph 197
Ht^mpstead, Edward 197
Hempstead, Stephen 197
Hemsley, William 197
Hendee, George Whitman 197
Henderson, Archibald 197
Henderson, Bennett H 197
664
GENERAL INDEX
Hendersou, John 197
Henderson. John B 197
Henderson, Jehu H. D 19S
Henderson, Joseph 198
Henderson, J. Pincknej' 19S
Henderson^ Leocard 198
Henderson, Samuel 198
Henderson. Thomas 198
Henderson, Thomas J 198
Hendricks, Thomas A 19t^
Hendricks. William 198
-Heukle. Eli Jones 198
Heuley, Thomas J 199
Henn,' Bernhart 199
Hernegan. B. K 199
Henrv," James 199
Henrv. John 199
Henry, John F 199
Hen rv, Joseph 199
Henrv. Patrick 199
Henrv. Robert P 199
Henrv, Thomas 199
Henrv, William 200
Henrv. William 200
Henshaw. David 200
Henson. Abi-aham 200
Herbet. John C 200
Herbert. Paul 200
Herbert. Philip T 200
Hereford, Frank 200
Herkimer. John 200
Hernandez. Joseph M 200
Herod. WiiliMm 200
Herndon, William Lewis 200
Herndon, William S 200
Herrick. Anson 2o0
Herrick. Ebenezer 200
Herrick. Joshua 200
Herrick. Richard P 2(0
Herrick. Samuel 201
HerriuL', Elbert 201
Hersey, Samuel F 201
Hewes, Joseph 201
Hewitt, Abram Stevens 201
Hewitt. C. C 201
Hewitt. Goldsmith W 201
Hevward, Thomas' 201
Hevward. William. Jr 201
Hibbard. Ellery A. 201
Hibbard, Harry 201
Hibshman. Jacob 202
Hickey, Thomas M 202
Hickman. John 202
Hicks. Thomas Hollyday 202
Hiester. Isaac Ellma'ker 202
Higby. William 202
Hi^einson. Stephen 202
HilLfard. Julius E 202
Hill. Benjamin H 202
Hill. Clement S 202
Hiil, Hush Clement 20-2
Hill. Huirh L. W 202
Hill. Isaac 2«I2
Hill. John 203
Hill, John 203
Hill. John 2();3
Hill. Joshua 20:3
Hill. Mark L 203
Hilt. Ralph 203
Hill. Robert Andrews 203
Hill, Thomas ..2(i3
Hill. Whitmell 203
Hill, William H 203
Hillegas. Michael 203
Hillen. Solomon, Jr 203
Hillhouse, James 203
Hillhonse. William 204
Hilliard. Henry W 204
Hillver. Ed^ar Winters 204
Hillver. Juimus 204
Hindman, Thomas C 204
Hind man. William 204
Hinds. James 204
Hinds. Thomas 204
Hines. Richard 204
Hinm;in, John 204
Hise. Elijah 204
Hitchcock, Peter 204
Hitchcock, PhineasW 204
Hitchcock. Samuel 205
Hoae. Truman H 205
Hoaclai'd. Moses 205
Hoar. Ebenezer Rockwood 205
Hoar, George Frisbie 205
Hoar. Samuel 205
Hoard. Charles B 205
Hoban. James 205
Hobart. Aaron 205
Hobart. John Sloss 205
Hobbie. Si-lah R 205
Hodes. George T 206
Hodges, Asa 206
Hodges, Charles D 206
Hodges. James L 20H
Hodares. S. H 206
Hofftuan, Henry W 206
Hoffman. John T 2C6
Hoffman, Michael 206
Hoffman. Ogden 206
Hoffman, Ogden 2< 6
Hogan, John 206
Hogan. William 206
Hoge. John 20"
Hoge, Joseph P 207
Hoge. Solomon L 207
Hoge, William 207
Hogeboom, James L 207
Hogg, Samnel 207
Holbrook,E.D 207
Holbrook. Frederick 207
Holcomb, Georse 2(i7
Holden. Edward Sinsleton 207
Hoiden, William W .■^. 207
Holladay, Alexiinder R 207
Holland, Cornelius 207
Holland, James 207
Holleman. Joel 2<t7
Hollev. Alexander H 207
Hollev. John M 2(»7
Ho!lis:er, Gideon H 207
■HoUister, Madison E 20S
Hoilowav, David P 208
Holly. Charles F 208
Holman. Jesse L 208
Holman, William S 208
Holmes, David 208
Holmes, Elias B 208
Holmes, Gabriel 208
Holmes, Isaac E 208
Holmes, John 208
Holmes. Sidney T 20S
Holmes, Uriel.' 208
Holsev. Hopkins 208
Holt, Joseph 208
Holt, J. J 209
Holt. Orrin 209
Holten, Samuel 209
Hook. Enos 209
Hooker, Charles E 209
Hooks. Charles 2i 9
Hooper. John W 209
Hooper, Samuel 209
Hooper, William 209
Hooper. W. H 209
Hopkins. Benjamin F 2W
Hopkins. GeorL'e W 209
Hopkins, James C 210
Hopkins, James Herron 210
Hopkins. Samuel 210
Hopkins, Samuel M 210
Hopkins, Stephen 210
Hopkinson. Francis 210
Houkinson. Joseph 210
Hoppin. William W 210
Horn. Henry 2l0
Hornheck. John W 210
Hornblower, Joseph C 2l0
Hornblower. Josiah 210
Horsev, Onterbridge 211
Horton, Thomas R' 211
Horton, Valentine B 211
Hosford, Jedediah .' 211
Hoskins. Georee G 211
Hosmer, Hezekiah L 211
Hosmer. H. L 211
Hosmer, Stephen Titus 211
Hosmer. Titus 211
Hostetter. Jacob 211
Ho'chkiss, Giles W 211
Hotchkiss, Julius 211
Houck, Jacob. Jr 211
Honeh, David 211
Hough. Wil]iam J 211
Houirhton. Sherman 0 211
House, John F 211
Houston. Georsre S 211
Houston. James 212
Houston, John 212
Houston, John W 212
Houston. Sam 212
Houston, William 212
Houston. William C 212
Hovey. Alvin P 212
Howard. Benjamin 212
Howard, Benjamin C 212
Howard, George, 213
Howard, Heirrv 213
Howard. Jacob M 213
Howard. John Easer 213
Howard, Til^hman A 213
Howard, Vobev E 213
Howard, William, 213
Howard. William A 213
Howe, Albert R 213
Howe, James H 213
Howe, John W 213
Howe, Thomas M 214
Howe. Thomas Y., Jr 214
Howe. Timothy O 214
Howell, David 214
Howell. Edward 214
Howell. Elias 214
Howell. James B 214
Howell. Jeremiah B 214
Howell. Nathaniel 214
Howell, Richard 214
Howell. William F 214
Howlaud. Benjamin 214
Howlev. Richard 214
Hubard. Edmund W 214
Hubbard, Asahel W 214
Hubbard. Chester D 214
I Hubbard. David 214
Hubbard, Demas Jr 215
Hubbard, Henry 215
Hubbard. John 215
Hubbard. John H 215
Hubbard, Jonathan H 215
Hubbard. Joseph Stillman 215
Hubbard. Levi 215
Hubbard, Richard D 215
Hubbard. Samuel Dickinson 515
Hubbard, Thomas H 215
Hubbeli, Edwin N 215
1 Hul)bell, James R. 215
Hubbeli, Jay A 215
I Hubbeli. SidnevA 216
1 Hubbeli, William S 216
I Hubley. Edward B 216
^ Hudson. Charles 216
' Hudson, Silas A 216
Hufty, Jacob 216
Hugcr, Benjamin 216
Hnirer, Daniel 216
Huser, Daniel Elliot 316
Hughes, Charles 216
Hushes, Christopher 216
Hughes, Ge< rge W 216
Huirhes, James 216
Hushes, James M 216
Hul'hes, Robert W 216
Hughes, Thomas H 216
Hughstoii. Jonas A 216
Hutrunin. Daniel. Jr 216
Hulbert. John W 217
Hulburd. Calvin T 217
Hulbiird, HilandR 217
Hull, William 217
Humphrey, Charles • 217
Humphrey, James 217
Humphrey, J. M 217
Humphrey. Reuben 217
Hiim|)hreys, Charles 217
Humphreys, David 217
Humphreys, David C 217
Humplireys, Jacob 217
Humphreys. Perry W 217
Humpries, Benjamin G 217
Hunserford. Jolin P 217
Hunirerford. Orville 217
Hunt, Hiram P 217
Hunt. James B 217
I Hunt, Jonathan 218
Hunt. Samuel 218
: Hunt, Theodore G 218
Hunt, Ward 218
Hunt. Washington 218
[Hunter, John 218
I Hunter. John W 218
i Hunter, Morton C 218
I Hunter. Naisworthv 218
i Hunter, Robert M. T 218
' Hunter. Taliaferro 218
; Hunter, William 213
i Hunter. William 218
t Hunter. William 218
Hunter. William F 219
i Hunter. William H 219
Huntington. Abel ,. 219
Huntington, Benjamin '. 219
Huntington, Ebenezer 219
Huntington, Elisha M 219
HnntiniT'on. E. M 219
Huntington, Jabez W 219
, Huntinirton, Samuel 219
Huntington, Samuel 219
Huntiiigton, Samuel 219
Hunton, Eppa 219
Hunton. Jonathan G 219
Huntsman. Adam 219
Hnrd. Frank Hunt 219
Hurlbnt. Stephen A 219
Hutchins, John 220
Hutchins. Wells A 220
Hutson. Richard 220
, Huyler, John 220
GENERAL INDEX
665
Hyde, Ira B 220
Hyman, John Adams 220
Hvneman, John M 220
Hynes, William J , . . 220
Ihrle, Peter 220
Ilsley, Daniel 220
Imlay, James H 220
Ingails, John James 220
In?(!, Samuel W 220
In<?e, William M 220
Ingersoll, Charles Anthony 220
Inger^oll, Ctiarles J 221
Ingersoll, Charles R 221
Ingersoll, Colin M.. 221
Ingersoll, Ebon C 221
Ingersoll, Jared 321
Ingersoll, Jonathan 221
Ingersoll. Joseph R 221
Ingersoll, Ralph J. 221
Ingham, Samuel 221
Ingham. Samuel D 221
Innes. Harry 221
Iredell, James 221
Irish, George 221
Irvin, Alexander 222
Irvin, David 222
Irvin,' James 222
Irvin, William W 222
Irvine, William 222
Irvine, William 222
Irving. Washington 222
Irving, William 222
Irwin, Jared 222
Irwin, Thomas 222
Irwin, William 222
Irwin, William W 222
Isaoks. Jacob C 222
Iverson, Alfred 222
Ives, Joseph C 222
Ives, Willard 223
Izard, George 223
Izard, Mark W 223
Izarrl, Ralph 223
Jack. William 223
Jackson, j^ndrew 223
Jackson, Charles 223
Jackson, Charles 2?3
Ja''kson, Claiborne F 223
Jackson, David 223
Jackson, David S... 223
'Jackson, Rbenezer, Jr 223
Jackson, Edward B 223
Jackson, Hancock 223
Jackson, Henry 223
Jackson, Henry Rootes 224
Jackson, Isaac Rand 224
Jackson, Jabez 224
Jaclc^on, James 224
Jackson, James ; 224
Jackson, James S 224
Jackson, John G 224
Jackson, John J., Jr 224
Jackson, Jonathan 224
Jackson, Joseph W 224
Jack«on, Richard, Jr 224
Jackson, Thomas B 224
Jackson, William 224
Jackson. W. T 224
Jacob, John J 224
Jacob, Stephen 2?5
Jacobs, Israel 225
Jacobs, O range 22.5
Jacobs, S. D 225
James, Charles T 225
James, Francis 225
James, Willi'im H 225
Jameson, John 225
Janes. Henry F 225
Jarnagin, Spencer 225
Jarvis, Leonard 225
Jav, John 225
Jay. John 225
Javne, William 225
Jefferson. Thomas 225
Jeffries, Noah L 226
JeTickes, Thomas A 22fi
Jenifer, Daniel, of St. Thomas 92f>
Jenifer. Daniel 226
Jenison, Silas H 226
Jenkins, Albert G 226
Jenlvins, Charles J 226
Jenkins, Lemuel 226
Jenkins, Robert 226
JeT'kins. Timothy 226
Jenks, Georcre A 226
Jenks, Joseph 226
Jciiks. Michael H 226
J'-nnes, Benning W 226
Jennin<rs, David 226
Jennin^'s. Jonathan 226
Jewel. Harvey 227
Jewell, Marshall 227
Jewett, C. C 227
Jewett, Charles C 227
Jewett, Freeborn G 227
Jewett, Hugh J 227
Jewett, Joshua H 227
Jewett, Luther 227
Jewett, Albert G 227
Johns, Kensey 227
Johnson, Alexander S 227
Johnson, Andrew 227
Johnson, Benjamin 22S
Johnson, Cave 228
Johnson, David 228
Johnson, D. B 228
Johnson, Francis 228
Johnson, Franklin 228
Johnson, Harvey H 228
Johnson, Henry 228
Johnson, Herschell V 228
Johnson, Hezekiah S 228
Johnson, Isaac 228
Johnson, James 228
Johnson, James 228
Johnson, James 228
Johnson, James A 228
Johnson, James H 229
Johnson, James L 229
Johnson, Jeromus 229
Johnson, John 229
Johnson, John T 229
Johnson, Joseph 229
Johnson, J. Neely 229
Johnson, Noadiah 229
Johnson, PerelyB 229
Johnson, Philip 229
Johnson, Reverdy 229
Johnson, Richard M 229
Johnson, Robert 229
Johnson, Robert W 229
Johnson, Thomas 230
Johnson, Waldo P 230
Johnson, William 230
Johnson, William 230
Johnson, William Cost 230
Johnson, William S 230
Johnston, Charles 230
Johnston, Charles 230
Johnston, Charles C 230
Johnston, John W 230
Johnston, Josiah S 230
Johnston, Samuel 231
Johnston, William F 231
Jones, Alexander H 231
Jones, Allen 231
Jones. Benjamin.. 231
Jones, Charles W 231
Jones, Daniel T 231
Jcncs, Francis 231
Jones, George 231
Jones, George W 231
Jones, George W 231
Jones, Horatio 231
Jones, Isaac D 231
Jones, James 231
Jones, James 231
Jones, James C 231
Jones, J. Glancy 232
Jones, Joel 232
Jones, John J 232
Jones, John P 232
Jones, John W 232
Jones, John W 232
Jones, Joseph 232
Jones, J. M 232
Jones, J. Russell 232
Jones, Morgan 232
Jones, N;itiianiel 232
Jones, Noble Wimberly 232
Jones, Obadiah 232
Jones, Owen 232
Jones, Roland , 232
Jones, Samuel 233
Jones, Samuel, Jr 233
Jones, Seaborn 233
Jones, Thomas Laurens 233
Jones, Walter 233
Jones, Walter 233
Jones, William '. 233
Jones, William 233
Jones, William G 233
Jones, William T 233
Jones, Willie 233
Jordon, Dillon ....", 234
Jordon. Edward 234
Joyce. Charles Herbert 234
Judd, Norman B 234
Judson, Andrew T 231
Julian, George W 234
Junkin, Benjamin T 234
Kalbfleish, Martin 234
Kane, Elias K 234
Kane, JohuK 234
Kasson, John A 2-34
Kantman, David S 235
Kavanagh, Edward 235
Kean, John 235
Kearney, Dyre 235
Keese. Richard 235
Kehr, Edward C 235
Keim, George May 235
Keim, William High 235
Keith, Reuel 235
Keitt. Lawrence M .. 235
Kelley, William W 236
Kellogg, Charles 236
Kellogg, Francis W 236
Kellogg, Orlando 236
Kellogg, Stephen W 236
Kellogg, William 236
Kellogg, William Pitt 236
Kelly, James 236
Kelly, James K 236
Kelly, John 236
Kelly, Milton 236
Kelly, William ; , . 237
Kelsey, William H 237
Kelso, John R 237
Kemble, Gouverneur 237
Kemper. James L 237
Kempshall, Thomas 237
Ke nan, Thomas 237
Kendall, Amos 237
Kendall, Charles West 237
Kendall, Jonas 237
Kendall, Joseph G 237
Kennedy, Andrew 237
Kennedy, Anthony 237
Kennedy, James K 237
Kennedy, John P 237
Kennedy, Joseph C. G 238
Kennedy, William 238
Kennett, Luther M 2:^8
Kennon, William 238
Kent, Edward 238
Kent, James 238
Kent, Joseph 238
Kent, Moss 238
Kent, William 2-38
Kenyon. William S 239
Ker, David 239
Kernan, Francis 239
Kerr, John 239
Kerr, John 239
Kerr, John Bozman 239
Kerr, John L 239
Kerr, Joseph 239
Kerr, Michael C 239
Kerrigan, James E 239
Kershaw, John 239
Ketcham, John H 239
Ketchum, Winthrop W 239
Key, David M 239
Key, Francis Scott 210
Key, Philip 240
Key, Philip Barton 240
Keyes, Elias 240
Kidder, David 240
Kidder. Jefferson P 240
Kid well, Zedekiah 240
Kilbourn, James 240
Kilgore, Daniel 240
Kilgore, David 240
Kiile, Joseph 241
Killen, William 2'U
Killinger, John W 241
Kilpatrick. Judson 241
Kiliy, William. 241
Kimball, Alanson M 241
Kincaid, John 241
King, Adam 241
King, Andrew 241
King, Austin A 241
King, Cyrus 241
King, Daniel Putnam 241
King. Edward 241
King, George C 241
King, Henry 241
King, Horatio 241
King, James 242
King, James G 242
King, John 242
King, John A 242
King, John P 242
King, John W 242
King, Perkins 242
King, Preston 242
King, Rufus 242
King, Rufus 242
King, Ruins H 242
King, Samuel W 243
King. T. Butler 243
King, William 243
King, William R 243
King, William S 243
666
GENERAL INDEX
King, Yel verton P 243
Kini^fibuiy. William W 243
Kinloch. Francis 243
Kinnard, Georjre L 243
Kinney, John Fitch 243
Kinnev, William B 243
Kinseila, Thomas 243
Kinsey, Charles 244
Kinsi y, James 244
Kinsley, Martin 244
Kiiby, Ephraim 244
Kirli, Roberto 244
Kirkcr, Thomas 244
Kirkland. Jot'cph 244
Kirkpatrick, Andrew 244
Kirkpatrick, Littleton 244
Kirkpatrick. William 244
Kirkwood, Samncl J 244
Kirtland, Dorrance 244
Kirciicll, Aaron 244
Kitchen, Betiiuel M 244
Kittera, John W 244
KiTtera, Thomas 244
Kittredsre, Georo^e W 244
Klingen^mith, John, Jr 245
Knapp, Anthony L 245
Knapp, Charles 245
Knapp, Channcey L 245
Knapp, Jot^eph G 245
Knapp, Robert M 245
Knickerbocker, Herman 245
Kniiiht, Jcmathan 245
Knight, Nehemiah 245
KniL-^lir. Nehemiah E 245
Knctt, J. Proctor 245
Knowles, Hiram 24")
Knowles, John P 245
Knowiion, Ebenezer 245
Knox, Henry 245
Knox, James 246
Knox, John Jay 24(5
Knox, Samuel 24H
Koerner. Gustavins 246
Kooiitz, William H 246
Krehs. Jacob 246
Krekel, Arnold 246
Krenier, George 246
Knhnp, Joseph H 246
Knnkel, Jacob M 246
Knnkel, John C 246
Kurtz, William H 246
Kuykendall, Andrew Z... 246
Lablanche, Alcee 246
Laco{k, Abner 24(5
Lacv, Thomas J 246
La I)ow. George A 246
L.iflin, Addison H 247
Lahni. Samuel 247
Lnke, William A 247
Lamar, Henry G 247
Lamar, Lucius Q. C 247
Lamar, Mirabeau B 247
Lamb, Alfred W 247
Lambert, John 247
Lami son, Charles N 247
Lamont, George D 247
Lamport, William U 247
Lancaster, Columbia 247
Lander, Edward 247
Landers, Franklin 248
Landers, G. M 248
Landrum. John M 248
Landry, J. Aristide 248
Landy, James 248
Lane. Amos 248
Lane, Ebenezer 248
Lane, George W 248
Lane, Henry S 248
Lane, Jarnes Henry 248
Lane, Jo«eph 248
Lane, La Fayette 249
Lane. Samuel 249
Lfingdon, Channcey 249
Langdon, John 24!>
Langdon, Woodbury ... 249
Langworthy, Edward 249
Lannian. James 249
Lansing, Gerit Y 249
Lansing, John 249
Larisiuir, William E 249
Lapham, Elbridge Gerry 249
Laporte, John 250
Larned, Samuel 250
Larned, Simon 250
Larrabee, Charles H 250
La Sere. Emile 250
Lash, Israel G 25fl
Latham, G<orge R 250
Lath;im, Milton 8 250
Lattirop . Samuel 25(1
Latrobe, Benjamin H 250
Lattimur, Henry 250
Lattimore, William 250
Laurens, Henry 250
Law/, John 251
Law, Jonathan 251
Law, Lyman 261
Law. Richard 251
Lawler, Joab 251
Lawrence, Abbot 251
Lawrence, Cornelius Van Wyck 251
Lawrence, George V 251
Lawrence, John 252
Lawrence, John W 252
Lawrence, Joseph. 252
Lawrence, Philip K 252
Lawrence, Samuel 252
Lawrence, Sidney 252
Lawrence, William 258
Lawrence, William 252
Lawrence, William Beach 252
Lawrence, William T 252
Lawrence, William W: 252
Lawson, John D 252
Lawyer, Thomas 253
La3% George W 253
Lazear, Jesse 253
Lea, John M 253
Lea, Luke 253
Lea, Luke 253
Lea. Prvor 253
Leach, be Witt C 253
Leach, James M 253
Leadbetter, D. P 2.53
Leake, shelton F 253
Leake, Walter 253
Lear, Tobias 253
Learned, Amasa 253
Leary. Cornelius L. L 253
Lt'aven worth, Elias Warner 254
Leavitr, Humphrey H 254
Le Blond, Francis C 254
Lecoinpte, Joseph 254
Lecompte, Samuel D 254
Lee, Arthur 254
Lee, Charles 254
Lee, Frajicis Lightfoot 254
Lee, Gideon 254
Lee, Henry 254
Lee, Henry B 255
Lee, John 255
Lee, Joshua 255
Lee, M. Lindley 255
Lee, Richard Bland 255
Lee, Richard Hen ry 255
Lee, Silas 2.55
Lee, Thomas 255
Lee, Thomas 255
Lee, Thomas Ludwill 255
Lee, Thomas Sim 255
Lee, William 2.55
Lee, William . 255
Lee, Z. Collins 2.55
Leet, Isaac 256
Lef(!vre, Joseph 25(»
Lefferrs, John 256
Leffler, Isaac 256
Leffler, Shepherd 25(;
Left wich, Jabcz 256
Lefiwich, John W 256
Legare, Hugh Swinton 256
Leggett, Mortimer D 25(i
Lehman, William E 2.56
Leib, Michael 256
Leih. Owen D 256
Leidy, Paul 256
Leigh, Benjamin Watkins 256
Leiper, George G 257
Leiter, Benjamin F 257
Lent, James 257
Leonard, George 257
Leonard, Moses G 257
Leonard, Stephen B 257
Leslie, Preston H 257
Letcher, John 2.57
Letcher. Robert P 257
Leuize, Emanuel 257
Levin, Lewis C , 257
Levy. William Mallory 2.57
Lewis, Abner 257
Lewis, Barbour 557
Lewis, Burwell B 258
Lewis, Charles H 2.58
Lewis, David P 258
Lewis, Dixon H 258
Lewis. Ellis 258
Lewis, Francis 25S
Lewis, James T 258
Lewis, John F 258
Lewis, Joseph, Jr 258
Lewis, Joseph H 258
Lowis, Joseph J 258
Lewis, Jo.seph R 25«
Lewis, Joshua. 258
Lewis, Meriweather 258
Lewis, Morgan 258
Lewis, Seth 259
Lewis, Thomas 259
Lewis, Thomas 259
Lewis, William 259
Lewis, William J 259
L'Hommedieu, Ezra 259
Ligon, Thomas Watkins 259
Liil}-, Samuel 259
Lincoln, Abraham. 259
Lincoln, Enoch 259
Lincoln. Levi. 259
Lincoln, Levi 259
Lincoln, William S 260
Lindley, James J 260
Lindsay, Robert B 260
Lindsley, William D 260
Linn, Archibald L 260
Linn, James 260
Linn. John 260
Linn. Lewis F 260
Lippitt, Henry 260
Lispenard, Leonard 260
Litchfield, Elisha 260
Little, Edward P 260
Li ttle. Peter 260
Littlefield, Nathaniel S 260
Littlejohn, De Witt C 260
Liverinore, Arthur 260
Livermore, Edward St. Loe 260
Livermore, Samuel 260
Livingston, Brockholst 261
Livingston, Edward 261
Livingston, Henry Walter 261
Livi iigston, Philip 261
Livingston, Robert Le Roy 261
Livingston, Robert R 261
Livingston, Van Brugh 261
Livingston, Walter 261
Livingston, William 261
Lloyd, Edward 261
Lloyd, James 261
Lloyd, James 261
Loan. Benjamin F 262
Locke, Francis 262
Locke, James W 262
Locke. John 262
Locke, Matthew 262
Locke, Powhattan B 262
Lockhart, James 262
Lock wood, Henry A 262
Lockwood, William F....- 262
Logan, Cornelius A 262
Logan, George 262
Logan, Henry 262
Logan, John A 262
Logan, William 262
Lolland, James R 263
Long, Alexander 263
Long, Edward H 263
Long, John 263
L(mg, Pierce ii63
Long, Stephen Harriman 263
Longfellow, Stephen 263
Longnecker, Henry C §63
Longyear, John W 263
Looker, Othniel 263
Loomis, Arphaxad 263
Looinis, Dwight 263
Lord, Frederick W 264
Lord, Scott 264
Lor' ng, Edward G 264
Loughridge, William 264
Love, James 264
Love, Ja m ee M 264
Love, John 264
Love, Peter E 264
Love, Thomas C 264
Lore. William C 264
Lovejoy, Owen 264
Lovell, James T.. 264
Lovell, Louis S 264
Lovett, John 264
liow, Frederick F 264
Low, Isaac 265
Lowe, David P 265
Lowe, Enoch L 265
Lowe, Ralph P '. 265
Lowell, John 265
Lowell, John 265
Lowell. Joshua A 265
Lower, Christian 2(i5
Lowndes, Lloyd, Jr 265
Lowndes, Thomas 265
Lowndes. William 265
Lowrie, Walter , 265
Lowrie, Walter H 265
Loyall. George 265
L'bbeck, F.R 265
Lucas, Edward 265
Lucas, John B. C 265
GENERAL INDEX
667
Lucas, Robert 266
Lucas. William 2(i«
Lumpkin, John H 2(;6
Lnnipkin. Wilson 2fi«i
Lutlrell, John K 2m
Lyie, Aaroti 26H
Lyin;:n, Josepli S '-.'(if!
Lyman, Samuel "H6
Lyman, William 26fi
Lyncti, Charles 2f)H
L\ uch, John SttO
Lynch, John R 2i)6
Lyncli. Thomas 2(56
Lviich, Thomas, Jr 266
Lynde, William Pitt 266
Lyndon, Josiiah 267
Lyon. Asa 267
Lyon, Caleb, of Lyondale 267
Lyon, Ch'.ttenden 2(»7
Lvon, Francis S 267
Lyon, Lucius 267
Lyon, Matthew 267
Lyons, H. A 267
Ly tie, Robert T 267
MacDouald, Moses , 2tl8
MacDonirall. Clinton D 268
Mace, Daniel 2 iS
Machen, Willis B 268
Machir, James 268
Mackey, Edmund W. M 268
Mackey, L. A 268
Maclanahm, James X 268
Maclay, Samuel 268
Miclay, William 268
Maclay, William 268
Maclay, William B 268
Maclay, William P 2ii8
Macon, Nathmiel 268
Macveaijh, Wayne 2ti9
Macy, John B 26!)
Mfidison, Greor<?e 26!>
Madison, James 26!)
Mai?ee, John 26!»
Masjee, John A ■ 26!)
Magiil, Charles 26!)
Mai^innis, Martin 269
Magoffin, Beriah 269
Magoon, Henry S 269
Mai^iath, A. G 269
Magruder, Allan B 2^9
Mauruder, Patrick 269
Magruder, Richard B 269
Mahon, David W 270
Maish, Levi 270
Malbone, Francis 270
Mailary, Rollin C 270
Mallory, Francis 270
Mallory, Meredith 270
Mallory, Robert 270
Miillory, Rufu^ 270
Mallory, Stephen R 270
Maugum. Willie P 270
Manly, Charles 270
Mann, Abijah, Jr 270
Mann, A. Dudley 210
Mann, Horace 270
Mann, Job 271
Mann, Joel K 271
Manning, James 271
Manning, Jorm, Jr 271
Manning, John L 271
Manning, Richard, Jr 271
Manson. Mahlon D 271
Manypenny, George W 271
Marable, John H 271
Marchand, Albert G 271
Marchand, David 271
Marchanr, Henry 271
Marchhanks, Andrew^ J 271
Marcy, Daniel 271
Marcy, Kaiidolph B 271
Marcy, William Learned 272
Mardis, Samuel W 272
Marion. Robert 272
Markbreit. Leopold 272
Markell, Henry 272
Markell. Jacob 272
Mirkley, Philips 272
Marks. William 27-i
Marling. John L 272
Marquette, T. M 272
Marr, A lem 272
Marr, Gei.r«.'e W. L 272
Marron, John 272
Marrow. Jolm 272
Marsh, Cliarles 272
Marsh, George P 272
Marshall, Alexander K 272
Marshall. Alfred 273
Mar-hall, Christopher 27:i
Marshall, Edward C 273
Marshall, Humphrey 273
Marshall, Humphrey 273
Marshall, James 273
Marshall, John.. . 273
Marshall. John James 273
Marshall, Samuel S 273
Marshall, Thomas A 273
Marshall, Thomas F 273
Marshall, Wm. K 274
Marston, Gilman 274
Martin, Alexander 274
Martin, Barclay 274
Martin, Charles D 274
Martin, Daniel 274
Mariin, Elbert S 274
Martin, Francois Xavier 274
Marti n, Frederick S 274
Mariin, George 271
Martin, James S 274
Martin, John 274
Mariin, John Jacob 274
Martin, John P 274
Martin, Joshua L 275
Martin, Josiah 275
Mariin, Luther 275
Marti n, M origan L 275
Martin, Noah 275
Martin, Robert N 275
Martin, William D 275
Martindale, Henry C 275
Marvin, Dudley 275
Marvin, James M 275
Marvin, Richard P 275
Marvin, William 275
Mason, Armistead Thomson 27->
Mason, Charles 275
Mason, George 275
Mason, James B 275
Mison, James M 276
Mason, Jeremiah 276
Mason, John C 276
Mason, John Thompson 276
Mason, John Y 276
Mason, Jonathan 276
Mason, Moses 276
Mason, Samson , 27H
Mason, Stevens Thomson 276
Mason, Thomson 276
Mason, William 276
Masters, Josiah 276
Mathews, James 276
Matliews', Vincent 277
Mathewson, Elisha 277
Mathiot. Joshua 277
Matlac.k, James 277
Mat lack, Timothy 277
Matson, Aaron 277
Matteson, Joel A 277
Marteson, Orsamus B 277
Matthews, George 277
Matthews, George, Jr 277
Matthews, John 277
Matthews, William 277
Mattocks, John 277
Mattoon. Ebenezer 277
Maul, Joseph 277
Maurice, James 277
Maury, Abraham P 277
Maury, Matthew Fontaine 277
Maxey, S. B 27S
Maxt-y. Virgil 278
Maxwell, Augustus E 278
Maxwell, George C 278
Maxwell, J. P. B 278
Maxwell, Lewis 278
Maxwell, Thomas 278
May, Henry 278
May, William L 278
Mayall, Samuel 278
Mayer, Charles F 278
Mayham, S. L 278
Maynard, Horace 278
Maynard, John 279
Mayrant, William 279
McAfee, Robert B 279
McAllister, Archibald 2'i9
McAllister, Matthew Hall 279
Mc Arthur, Arthur 279
McArtlmr, Duncan 279
McBride, James 279
McBride, John R 279
McCaleb, Theodore H 279
McCalla. John 279
McCalmont, Alfred B 279
McCandless, Wilson 279
McCarthy, Dennis 279
McCarty, Andrew Z 280
McCarty, Jonathan 280
McCarty, Richard 280
McOartv, William M 280
McCauslen, William C 280
McClean, Moses 280
McClellan, Abraham 280
McClellan, George Brin ton 280
McClellan, Robert 280
McClelland, Roiiert 280
McClelland, William 280
McClenachan, Blair 280
McClene, James 280
McClernand. John A 280
McClnng, Alexander K 280
McClung, William 280
McClurg, Jos-ph W 280
McComas, William 281
McComb, Eieazer 281
McConihe, Isaac 281
McC(mnell, Felix G 281
McConnell, Murray 281
McCook, Edward M 281
McCord, Andrew 281
McCorkle, Joseph W 281
McCormick, James R 2sl
Mc('ormick, Richard C 281
McCoy, Robert 2Sl
McCoy, William 281
McCrary, George W 281
McCrate, John D 2Sl
McCreary, James B '281
M(;Crcary, John 281
McCreary, William 281
McCreedv, William 282
McCreery, Thomas C 282
McCulloch, George 282
McCulloch, Hugh 282
McCulloch, John 282
McCulloch, Thomas G 282
McCullough, Hiram 282
Mc(^urdy, Charles Johnson 282
McCurdy. S. P 282
McDill, Alexander S 282
McDill, James Wilson 282
McDonald. Alexander 282
McDonald, Charles J 282
Mc Donald, David 282
MoDonald, J. E 282
McDougall, Alexander 282
McDoiii^all, James A 283
McDougall, John 283
McDowell, James 283
McDowell, James Foster 283
McDowell, Joseph 283
McDowell. Joseph J 283
McDuffie, George 283
McFarlden, Obadiah B 283
McFarlan, Duncan 2s3
McFarland, William 283
McGanghey, Edward W 283
McGrath, A. G 283
McGrrw, James C 283
McGrew, J. M 284
McGuire, William 284
McHatton, Robert 284
McHeiM-y, Henry D 284
McHenry, James 284
McHenry, John H 2S4
Mcllvaine, Abraham R 284
Mel 1 vaine. Joseph 284
Mclndoe, Walter D 284
Mclntyre, Rufus 284
Mclntyre, Archibald Thompson 284
McJunUin, Ebenezer 284
McKay, James J 285
McKean, James Bedell 285
McKean, Samuel 285
McKean, Thomas 285
McKee, George C 285
McKee, John 285
McKee, Samuel 285
McKee, Samuel 285
McKennan, Thomas M. T 285
McKennan, William 285
McKenney, Thomas Lorraine 285
McKenty, Jacob K 2>:6
McKenzie. Lewis 286
McKeon. John 286
McKibbin, Joseph C 286
McKim, Alexander 286
McNim, Isaac 286
McKinley, John 286
McKinley, William 286
McKinney, John F 286
McKissock, Thomas 286
McKnight, Robert 286
McLane, Jeremiah 286
McLane, Louis 286
McLane, Robert M 286
McLean, Alney 286
McLean, Finis E 286
McLean, John 286
McLean, John 287
McLean. Siimuel 287
McLean, William 287
McLean, William P 287
McLeilan, George W 287
McMahou, John A 287
668
GENERAL INDEX
McMahoii, Martin F 287
McManus, William 287
McMartin, J. L. 287
McMichael, William 287
McMillan, Samuel J. K 287
Mc M in, Joseph 287
McMullen, Payette 287
McNair, Alexander 287
McNair, John 287
Mcnairy, John 287
McNeedy, Thompson W 288
McNiel, Archibald 288
McNulta, John 288
McNulty, Caleb J 288
McNutt, Alexander G 288
McPherson, Edward 288
McQueen, John 288
McQueen, Mcintosh 288
McRay. John J 288
McReady, James 288
McRoberts, Samuel 288
McRuer, Donald C 888
McSherry, James 288
McVean, Charles 288
McW^illie, William 289
Meacham, James 289
Mead, Cowles 289
Meade, Edwin R 289
Meade, Richard K 289
Moans. John H 2S9
Mebane, Alexander 289
Med.iry, Samuel 289
Medill, William 289
Meech, Ezra 289
Meehan, John S 289
Meeker, Benjamin B 289
Meigs, Henry 289
Meigs, Josiah 2S9
Meigs, Return J 289
Mellen, Edward 290
Mellen, Prenlis^s 290
Mellish, David B 290
Menifer, Richard H 290
Menzies, John W 290
Mercer, Charles Fenton 290
Mercer, James 290
Mercer, John F 290
Mercur, Ulysses 290
Meredith, Samuel 290
Meredith, William M 290
Meriwether, David 2<)0
Mm-iwether, David 291
Meri wet her, I. A 291
Meriwether, James 291
Merriam, Clinton L 29]
Merrick, William D 291
Merrick, William M 291
Merrill, Orsamus C 291
Merrill, Samuel 291
Merrimon, Augustus S 291
Merritt, Samuel A 291
Mervin, Orange 291
Metcalf, Arunah 291
Metcalf, Ralph 291
Metcalfe, Henry B 291
Metcalfe, Thomas 291
Meyers, Benjamin F 292
Middleswarth, Ner , 292
Middleton, Arthur 292
Middleton, George 292
Middleton, Henry 292
Middleton, Henry 292
Mifflin, Thomas 292
Mi les, W. Porcher 292
Mil ledge, John 292
Millen, John 293
Miller, Andrew G 293
Miller, Daniel F 293
Miller, Daniel H 293
Miller, Georsre P 293
Miller, Horace H 293
Miller, Jacob W 293
Miller, James 293
Miller, Jesse 293
Miller, John 293
Miller, John 293
Miller, John G 293
Miller, John K 293
Miller. Joseph 293
Miller, Killian 293
Miller, Morris S 293
Miller, Nathan 293
Miller, N. M 293
Miller, Pleasant M 293
Miller, Rutger B 294
Miller, Samuel F 294
Miller, Samuel F 291
Miller, Smith 294
Miller, Stephen 294
Miller, Stephen D 294
Miller, William 294
Miller, William H 294
Miller, William S 294
Milligan, John J 294
Milligan, Samuel 294
Millildn, Charles W 294
Mills, Clark 294
Mills, Elijah H 294
Mills, Robert 294
Mills, Robert Q 294
Millson, John S 294
Mill ward, John 295
Millward, William 295
Milnes, William, Jr 295
Milnor, James 295
Milnor, William 295
Milton, John.. 295
Miner, Ahiman L 295
Miner, Charles 295
Miner, Phineas 295
Minor, William Thomas 295
Minot, Josiah 295
Mitchell, Alexander 295
Mitchell, Anderson 295
Mitchell, Charles B 295
Mitchell, Charles F 295
Mitchell, David Bradie 295
Mitchell, George E 295
Mitchell, Henry 295
Mitchell, James C 295
Mitchell, James S 296
Mitchell, John 296
Mitchell, JohnH 296
Mitchell, Nahum 296
Mitchell, Nathaniel 296
Mitchell, Robert . 296
Mitchell, Robert B 296
Mitchell, Samuel Latham 296
Mitchell, Stephen M 296
Mitchell, Thomas R 296
Mitchell, William 296
Mix, Charles E 296
Moffet, John 296
Moffit, Hosea 296
Molony, Richard S 296
Monell, Robert 297
Money, H. D 297
Monroe, James 297
Monroe, James 297
Monroe, Thomas B 297
Monroe, V 297
Montanyn, J. D. L 297
Montgomery, Daniel 297
Montgomery, John 297
Montgomery, John G 297
Montgomery, Joseph 297
Montgomery, Thomas 297
Montgomery, William 297
Montgomery, William 297
Montgomery, William 297
Moor, Wyman B. S 297
Moore, Alfred 297
Moore, Andrew 298
Moore, Andrew B 298
Moore, Eliakira Hastings 298
Moore, Ely 298
Moore, Gabriel 298
Moore, Heman Allen 298
Moore, Henry D 298
Moore, Jesse H 298
Moore, John 298
Moore, Laban T 298
Moore. Marshal F 298
Moore, Nicholas R 298
Moore, Oscar F 298
Moore, Robert 298
Moore, Samuel 298
Moore, S. McD 298
Moore, Sydenham E 298
Moore, Thomas 298
Moore, Thomas 0 298
Moore, Thomas P 298
Moore, Thomas S 299
Moore, William 299
Moore, William S 299
Moorehead, James Kennedy 299
Moran, Benjamin 299
Morehead, Charles S 299
Morehead, I. T 299
Morehead, James T 299
Morey , Prank 299
Morgan, Charles H 299
Morgan, Christopher 299
Morgan, Daniel 299
Morgan, Edwin B 300
Morgan, Edwin D 300
Morgan, George W 300
Morgan, James 300
Morgan, John J 300
Morgan, William S 300
Morphis, Joseph L 300
Morrell, Daniel J 300
Morrell, George 300
Morril, David L 300
Morrill, Amos 301
Morrill, Anson P 301
Morrill, Justin S 301
Morrill, Lot M 301
Morrill, Samuel P 301
Morris, Calvary 301
Morris, Charles 301
Morris, Daniel 301
Morris, Edward Joy 301
Morris, Gouverneur 301
Morris, Isaac N 302
Morris, James R 302
Morris, Jonathan D 302
Morris, Joseph 302
Morris, Lewis 302
Morris, Lewis R 302
Morris, Mathias 302
Morris, Robert 302
Morris, Robert 302
Morris, Samuel W 302
Morris, Thomas 302
Morris, Thomas 302
Morrison, George W 302
Morrison, James L. D 302
Morrison, John A 303
Morrison, William R 303
Morrissey . John 303
Morrow, Jeremiali 303
Morse, Freeman H 303
Morse, leaac Edwards 303
Morse, O. A 303
Morsell, James S 303
Morton , Jackson 303
Morton, Jeremiah 303
Morton, John 303
Morton, Marcus 303
Morton, Oliver P. . 304
Moseley, Jonathan Ogden 304
Mosely, William A 304
Mosely, William D 304
Moses, F. J., Jr 304
Motley, John Lathrop 304
Mott, Gorden N 304
Mott, James 304
Mott, Richard 304
Motte, Isaac 304
Moulton, Mace 304
Moulton, Samuel W 304
Moultrie^ William 304
Mouton, Alexander 305
Mower, Horace 305
Mowry, Daniel, Jr 305
Mudd, Ignatius 305
Muhlenberg, Francis Samuel 305
Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus 305
Muhlenburg, Henry Augustus 305
Muhlenberg, Henry Augustus 305
Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel 305
Mullett, James 305
Mullin, Joseph 305
Mullins, James 3(iG
Mumford, George 306
Mumford, Gurdon S 306
Mungen, William 306
Mum-oe, James 306
Munroe, Thomas 306
Munson, Lyman E 306
Murfree, William H 306
Murphy, Charles 306
Murphy, Henry C 306
Murphy, Isaac 306
Murpiiy, John 306
Murphy, John L 306
Murphy, William S 306
Murrah, Pendleton 306
Murray, Ambrose S 306
Murray, Hugh C 306
Murray, John 306
Murray, John L 307
Murray, Thomas 307
Murray, William 307
Murray, William Vans 307
Mutchler, WMlliam 307
Muter, George 307
Myers. Amos 307
Myers, Leonard 307
Nabers. Benjamin D 307
Nash, Abner 307
Nash, C. E 307
Nash, Frederick 307
Nash, John W 307
Naudain, Arnold 307
Nayior, Charles 307
Neal, Lawrence T 307
Neale, Raphael 308
Negley, James S 308
Neilson, John 308
Nelson, Albert Hobart 308
Nelson, Homer A 308
Nelson, Hugh 308
Nelson, Jeremiah 308
Nelson, John 308
GENERAL INDEX
669
Nelson, Rojjer 808
Nelson, R. R 308
Nelson, Samuel 308
Nelson, Thomas 308
Nelson, Thomas, Jr 808
Nelson, Thomas A. R 309
Nelson, 'I'homas H 309
Nelson, Thomas M 309
Nelson, William 309
Nes, Henry 309
Nesbitt, Wilson 309
Nesmith, James W 309
Neville, Joseph 309
New, Anthony 309
New, John C 309
New, J. D 309
Newbold, Thomas 309
Newcomb, C, A 309
Ne wcomb, Simon 309
Newell, William A.. 310
Newhard, Peter 310
Newman, Alexander 31 0
Newman, Daniel 310
Newsham, Joseph P 310
Newton, Eben 310
Newton, Isaac 310
Newton, Rc.ger 310
Newton, Thomas 310
Newton, Thomas W 310
Newton, Willoughby 310
Niblack, William E 310
Niblack, Silas N , 310
Nicholas, George 310
Nicholas, John 311
Nicholas, Robert Carter 311
Nicholas, Robert Carter 311
Nicholas, Samuel S 311
Nicholas, Wilson C 311
Nichols, Matthias H 311
Nicholson, Alfred O. P 311
Nicholson, John. 311
Nicholson, John A 311
Nicholson, Joseph Hopper 311
Nicoll, Henry 311
Nicoll, John C 311
Nicollet, Jean Nicholas 311
Nilcs, Jason 311
Niles, JohnM 311
Nfles, Nathaniel 312
Nisbet, Eugenius 312
Nisbet, E. A 312
Niven, Archibald C 312
Nixon, John T 312
Noble, David A 312
Noble, James 312
Noble, Noah 312
Noble, Patrick 312
Noble, Warren P. 312
Noble, William H 312
Noell, John W 312
Noell, Thomas E. 312
Noggle, David 312
Noriis, Benjamin W 313
Norris, Isaac 313
Norris, Moses 313
North, JohnW 313
North, William 313
Norton, Daniel S 318
Norton, Ebenezer F 313
Norton, Elijah H 313
Norton, Jesse O 313
Norton, Nelson J 313
Norvell, John 313
Norwood, Thomas Manson 313
Norwood, William 313
Nott, Abraham 313
Nott, Charles Cooper 314
Nott, Edward 314
Nourse, Amos 314
Nourse, Joseph 314
Nourse, J. E 314
Noyes, Edward F 314
Noyes, John 314
Noyes, Joseph C 314
Nuckolls, Stephen P 314
Nuckolls, William C 314
Nugen, Robert H 314
Nunn, David A 314
Nye, James W 314
Oakley, Thomas Jackson 314
O'Bannan, A. J 314
O'Brien, Jeremiah 314
O'Brien, William J -315
O'Connor, Charles 315
Odell, Moses F 315
Odell, N. Holmes 315
Offley, David 315
Ogden, Aaron 315
Ogden, David A 315
Ogden, Robert 315
Ogier, Isaac S. K 315
Ogle, Alexander 315
Ogle, Andrew J 315
Ogle, Benjamin 315
Ogle, Charles 315
Oglesby, Richard J 315
Olcott, Simeon 316
Olden, Charles C 316
Olds, EdsonB 316
Olin, Abraham B 316
Olin, Gideon 316
Olin, Henry 316
Oliphant, E. P 316
Oliver, Addison 816
Oliver, Andrew 316
Oliver, Mordecai 316
Oliver, Robert 316
Oliver, William M 316
Olney, Cyrus 316
O'Neal, John Belton 316
O'Neill, Charles 317
O'Neill, John 317
Ormsby, Stephen 317
Orr, AlexanderD 317
Orr, Benjamin 317
Orr, Jackson 317
Orr, James L 317
Orr, Robert 317
Orth, Godlove S 317
Orton, William 317
Osborn, Thomas Q 317
Osborn, T. W 317
Osborne, Thomas B 318
Osgood, Gayton P 318
Osi,'ood, Samuel 318
O'Sullivan, John L 318
Oswald, John Holt 318
Otero, Mij^uel A 318
Otis, Harrison Gray 318
Otis, James 318
Otis, John 318
Otis, Samuel Allyne 318
Otterbourg, Marius 318
Otto, William T 318
Outlaw, David 319
Outlaw, George C 319
Overstreet, James 319
Overton, Walter H 319
Owen, Allen F 319
Owen, David Dale 319
Owen, George W 319
Owen, James , 319
Owen, John 319
Owen, Robert Dale 319
Owens, George W 319
Owsley, Bryan Y 319
Owsley, William 319
Paca, William 319
Pacheco. Romualdo 319
Packard, Jasper 319
Packer, Asa 320
Packer, John B 320
P;icker, William P.. 320
Paddock, Algernon S 320
Padleford, Seth 320
Page, Horace Francis 320
Page, John 320
Page, John 320
Page, John B 320
Page, Mann. . . 320
Page, Robert 320
Page. Sherman 320
Paine, Byron 320
Paine, Charles 320
Paine, Elijah 321
Paine, Elijah, Jr 321
Paine. Ephraim 321
Paine, Halbert E 321
Paine, Robert Treat 321
Paine. Robert T 321
Painter, Gamaliel 321
Palen, Joseph G 321
Palen, Rufns 321
Palfrey, John G 321
Palmer. Beriah 321
Palmer, Francis W 321
Palmer, George W 322
Palmer, John 322
Palmer, JohnM 322
Palmer, Joseph 322
Palmer, Robert M 322
Palmer, William A 322
Park, Benjamin 322
Parker, Amasa J 322
Parker, Andrew 322
Parker, Ell S 322
Parker, Hosea W 322
Parker, Isaac. 322
Parker, Isaac C 322
Parker, James 323
Parker, James 323
Parker, Joel , 323
Parker, Joel 323
Parker, John 323
Parker, John Mason 323
Parker, Josiah 323
Parker, Nahum 323
Parker, Peter 323
Parker, Richard 323
Parker, Richard E 323
Parker, Samuel W 323
Parker, Severn E 323
Parker, Thomas 323
Parks, Gorham 323
Parks, Samuel C 323
Parmenter, William 323
Parris, Albion K 324
Parris, Virgil D 324
Parri sh, Isaac 324
Parrott, John F 324
Parrott, Marcus J 324
Parson, Samuel H 324
Parsons, Edward T 324
Parsons, Lewis E 324
Parsons, Richard C 324
Parsons, Samuel Holden 324
Parsons, Theophilus 324
Partridge, George 324
Partridge, James R 324
Partridge, Samuel 325
Paterson, William 325
Patterson, Carlile Pollock 325
Patterson, David T 325
Patterson, James W 325
Patterson, John 325
Patterson, John 325
Patterson, John James 325
Patterson, Robert 325
Patterson, Robert M 325
Patterson, Thomas 325
Patterson, Thomas J 325
Patterson, Thomas M 326
Patterson, Walter 326
Patterson, William 326
Patterson, William 326
Patton, John 326
Patton, John 326
Patton, John M 326
Patton, R. M 336
Paulding, James K 326
Paulding, William, Jr 326
Pawling, .Levi 326
Payne, Henry B 326
Payne, Winter W 326
Paynter, Lemuel 326
Paynter, Samuel 326
Pearce, Duttee J 326
Pearce, James A 326
Pearce, John J 327
Pearson, Joseph 327
Pearson, Richard M 327
Pea<e, Calvin 327
Pease, Edward M 327
Pease, Henry R 327
Pease, Seth 327
Peaslee, Charles H 327
Peck, Ebenezer 327
Peck, Erasmus D 327
Peck, George W 327
Peck, Henry E 327
Peck, Isabel 327
Peck, James H 327
Peck, Jared V 327
Peck, Lucius B 327
Peck, Luther C 327
Peckham, Rufns W 327
Peden, James A 327
Peek, Hermanns 328
Peery, William 328
Pegram, John 328
Peirce, Henry A 328
Pelham, Charles 328
Pelton, Guy R 328
Pendleton, Edmund 328
Pendleton, Edmund H 328
Pendleton, George H 328
Pendleton, Henry 328
Pendleton, James M 328
Pendleton, John S 328
Pendleton, Nathaniel Greene 328
Penn, Alexander G 328
Penn, John 328
Penn, John 329
Penn, Richard 329
Penniman, Ebenezer Jenckos 329
Pennington, Alexander CM 329
Pennington, I. L 329
Pennington, William 329
Pennington. William S 329
Pennybacker, Isaac S 329
Penrose, Charles B 329
Perce. Legrand W 329
Perca, Francisco 329
Perham, Svdney 329
Perkins, Bishop 329
i Perkins, Elias 329
670
GENERAL INDEX.
Perkins, Jared 330
Perkins, Jolin, Jr 330
Pen-ill, Aiiffustus L 330
Perry, Benjamin F. . 330
Pirry, Eli 330
Perry, John J 330
Perry, Madil^on S 330
Perry, Matthew Calbraith 330
Perry, Nehemiah 330
Perry.P. H 330
Perry, Thomas 330
Perry, William 330
P«'rson. Thomas 330
Peter, Geori^e 330
Peters, John A 330
Pelers, John S 330
Peters, John Thompson 331
Peters. Richard 331
Pelrie. Geor<?e 331
Petriken. David 331
Petrees, John J 331
Petii-,a-e\v, Ebenezer 331
Pettis, Spencer 331
Pettis. S. Newton 331
Pettit, Charles 331
Pertit, John 331
Pettit, JohnU 331
Pet tit, Thomas McKean 331
Peyton, Bailie 331
Peyton, Joseph H 331
Peyton, Samuel 0 331
Phelps, Charles E 332
Phelps, Darwin 332
Phelps, Elisha 332
Phelps, James 332
Plielps, John Smith 332
Plielps, Laiincelot 332
Phelps, Oliver 332
Phelps, Oliver 332
Phelps, Samuel S 332
Phelps, Timothy G 332
Phelps, William Walter 333
Phelps, William W Sm
Phi ips. John Finis 333
Phillips, Henry M SSH
Phillips, John 333
Phillips, John 333
Phillips, Philip 333
Phillips, Stephen Clarendon 333
Phillips, William A 333
Phillips, William F 333
Philscm, Robert 3:^3
Phoenix, J. Phillips 333
Pickens, Andrew J 333
Pickens, Francis W 334
Pickens, Israel 334
Pickeriiij;, John 334
Pick'Min<?, Timothy 334
PickeriiiiT, William 334
Pickett, James C .334
Pickett, John C 334
Pickman, Benjamin 333
Pierce. Benjamin 335
Pierce. Charles W 335
Pierce, Franklin 335
Pierce, Henry Lillie 335
Pierce, Joseph 335
Pierce, VVilliam 335
Pierp )nt, Francis H 335
Pierrepoiit, Edwai'ds 335
Piersou, Isaac 336
Pierson . Jeremiah H 33H
Pierson, Job 336
Pierson, Thomas D 336
Pike, Austin F 336
Pike, Frederick A 336
Pike, James 33H
Pike. James S 336
Pike. Zebnlon Montgomery 336
Pile, William A 336
Pilsbnry, Timothy 336
Pinckney, Charles 336
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth ., 337
Pinckney. Her.ry Laurens 337
Pinckney. Thomas 337
Pindall, James 337
Pinkney. William Sil
Piper, William 337
Piper, William A 337
Pitcher. Nathaniel 337
Pitkin, Timothy 337
Pitkin, William .337
Piikin, William 337
Pitmni. Charles W 338
Pitman, John aSS
Plaisted, Harris M a38
Plant. David 33-'
Plants. Tobias A 338
Plater. George 338
Plater, Thomas 338
Piatt. James H., Jr 338
Piatt. Jonas 338
Piatt, Thomas C 338
Piatt, Zcphaniah 338
Pleasanton. Stephen 338
Pleasants, James 338
Plumer, Arnold 338
Plumer, George 338
Pliimer, William 338
Plumer. William 338
Plummer, Franklin E 339
Poindexler, George 339
Poinsett, Joel R 339
Poland, Luke P a39
Polk, Charles 339
Polk, James Knox 339
Polk, Trnsten 339
Polk, WMUiamH 339
Pollard, Richard 339
Pollock, James 339
Polsley, Daniel 339
Pomeroy, Charles 340
Pomeroy. Samuel C 340
Pomeroy, Theodore M 340
Pond, Benjamin 340
Pond, C. H 340
Ponder, James 340
Pool, John 340
Pope, Burrell Thomas 340
Pope, John 340
Pope, Nathaniel 340
Pope, Patrick H 340
Poppleton. E. F 340
P(.rter, Albert G 340
Porter, Alexander J 341
Porter, Augustus S 341
Porter, Charles H 341
Porter. David 341
Porter, David R 341
Porter, George B 341
Porter, Gilchrist 341
Porter, James 341
Porter, James D 341
Porter, James Madison 341
Porter, John 341
Porter, J. D. Forest 341
Porter, Peter B 341
Porter, Thomas 341
Porter, Timothy H 341
Porter, William A 341
Posey, Thomas 342
Post, Jonathan. Jr 342
Poston, Charles D 342
Potter, A 342
Potter, Clarkson Nott 342
Potter, Elisha R 342
Potter, Elisha R., Jr 342
Potter, Emery D 342
Potter, Henrv 342
Potter, John F 342
Potter. Robert S42
Potter, Samuel J 343
Potter. William W 343
Pottle. Emory B 343
Potts. David, Jr 343
Potts. Richard 343
Powell, Samuel 343
Powell. Alfred H 343
Powell, Cuthbert 343
Powell, Joseph 343
Powell, Lazarus W 343
Powell, Levin 343
Powell, Paulns 343
Powell, William H 343
Powers, Gershom 343
Powers, Hiram 343
Powers, Rifigely C 343
Poydras, Julian 343
Pi att, Daniel 343
Pratt. Daniel D 344
Pratt, Henry 0 344
Pratt, James T 344
Pratt, O. C 344
Pratt, Thomas G 344
Pratt, Zadock 344
Pray, Publius Rutilius R 344
Preble. William Pitt 344
Prentiss, John H 344
Prentiss, SamUel 344
Prentiss, Sergeant S 344
Preston, Francis 344
Preston, Isaac Trimble 345
Presi on, Jacob A 345
Preston, James P 345
Preston. Wiiliam 345
Preston. William B 345
Preston, William C 345
Prevost. John B 345
Price, Hiram 345
Price, Rodman M 345
Price, Sterling 345
Price, Thomas L 345
Price, William C 345
Price, William P 345
Prickett, Henry E 345
Prince, Charles H 345
Prince, Oliver H 346
Prince, William 346
Prindle, Elizur H 346
Pringle, Benjamin 346
Profit, George H 346
Prosser, William F 346
Prnyii, John V. L 346
Pruyn, Robert H 346
Prvor, Roger A ,346
Pugh, George Ellis 346
Pugh, James L 846
Pugh, John ,346
Purdy, Smith M 346
Purman, William J 346
Purviance, Samuel A 346
Pnrviance, Samuel D 347
Puryear, Richard C 347
Putnam, Harvey . . 347
Putnam. Rufus 347
Putnam, Samuel 347
Quarles, James M 347
Quarles, Tunstall 347
Quincy, Josiah 347
Quitman, John A 347
Raburn, William 348
Radford, William 348
Requet, Condy 348
Rainey, Joseph H 348
Ramsay, David 348
Ramsay, Nathaniel 348
Ramsay, Robert 348
Ramsey, Alexander 348
Ramsey, William 348
Ramsey, William S 349
Randall, Alexander 349
Randall, Alexander W 349
Randall, Archibald 349
Randall, Benjamin 349
Randall, Samuel J 349
Randall, T 349
Randall. William H 349
Ranrlolph, Beverly 349
Randolph, Edmund 349
Randolph, James F 349
Randolph, John, of Roanoke 349
Randolph, Joseph Fitz 350
Randolph, Peter 350
Randolph, Peyton 350
Randolph. Theodore F 359
Randolph, Thomas Mann 350
Raniiin. Christopher 350
Ransier, Aionzo J 350
Ransom, Epaphroditus 3o0
Ransom, Mathew W 350
Rantoul, Robert 350
Rapier, James T 351
Rariden, James 851
Rathbun, George 351
Rauni, Green B 251
Rawlins, John A 351
Ray, James B 351
Ray, Wi liam H 351
Raymond, Henrv J 351
Rayner. Kenneth 351
Rea. John 351
Read, Almon H 351
,Read, George 351
Read, J 352
Read, Jacob 352
Read, John Meredith 352
Read, John Meredith 352
Read. Lazarus H 352
i Read, Nathan . 352
Read, Thomas B 352
Read, William B 352
Reade, Edwin G 352
Reading, John R 352
Ready, c harlcs 352
Reagan, John H 352
Reavis, Isaac 352
Rector, Henry M 352
Redfield. Isaac Fletcher 352
Reding, John R 353
Reed. Charles M 353
Reed, Edward C 353
Reed, Isaac 353
Reed, John 353
Reed, John 353
Reed, Joseph 353
Reed, Philip 353
Reed. Robert R 353
Reed, William 353
Reed, William Bradford 353
Reese, David A 353
Reeves. Henry A 353
Reid. David S 353
Reid, John W 353
Reid, Robert R 354
Reilly, James B 354
Reilly, John 354
GENERAL INDEX.
671
Reillv, Wilson 354
Keilv, Luther 354
Relle, James H 354
Bencher. Abraham 354
Revels, Hiram R .. 354
Reynolds, Gideon 354
Reynolds, James B 354
Reynolds, John 354
Reynolds, John H 354
Reyndlds, Joseph 354
Reynolds, Robert M 354
Reynolds, Thomas 354
Rhea, John 354
Rhett, Robert Barnwell 354
Rhodes, Samuel 355
Ricaud, James B 355
Rice, Alexander H 355
Rice, Americiis V 355
Rice, Benjamin F 355
Rice, Edward Y.... 3)5
Rice. Henry H 355
Rice. John B 355
Rice, John H 355
Rice, John M 356
Rice, Thomas 356
Rich, Charles 356
Richard, Gabriel 356
Richards, Jacob 356
Richards, Jor.n 356
Richards, John 356
Riciiards, Mark 356
Richards, Matthias 356
Richardson, James B 356
Richardson. John Peter 356
Richardson, John S 356
Ricliardson, Joseph 356
Richardson, William A 356
Richardson, William A 356
Richardson, William M 357
Richmond, Hiram H 357
Richmond, Jonathan 357
Riddle. Albert G 357
Riddle, GeorL>e Read 357
Riddle, H. T. 357
Riddle, Joseph 357
Ridjiely, Henry M 357
Rid-rely. Richard 357
R;dge\vay, Robert 357
Ridg way, Joseph 357
Riggs, JetnrR 357
Riggs, Lewis 357
RicUer, Samuel 357
Ringold, Tiioinas 357
Ringgild. Samuel 358
Rings. Daniel 358
Rioite, Charles N 358
Ripley, l^:ieazar W 358
Ripley, Janus W 3i8
Ripley, Thomas C 358
RisJey. Elijah 358
Ritchey, Thomas 358
Ritch-e, David 358
Ritchie, John 35S
Ritciiie, Thomas ... 35vS
Ritner, Joseph 358
Rittenhoiise, David 338
Ritter, Bii'v\ell C 358
Ritter, John 358
Rivers, Tnomas 358
Rives, Thomas 358
Rives, Francis E 359
Rives, John C 359
Rives, William C 359
Roane. Archiljald 359
Roane, John 359
Roane, John J 359
Roane. John Selden 3')9
Rome, John T 359
Roane, Spencer 359
Roane, William H 359
Robbie, Reuben 3")9
Robl)ins, Asher 359
Bobbins, George R 359
Robi>iiie, John, Jr 359
Robbins. William M .3.^9
Roberdeau, Daniel 3.59
Roberts, AuMionyE .369
Roberts, Charles B 360
Roberts, Edmund ... 360
Boberts, Ellis H 3fi0
Roberts, Jonathan ,... 3(50
Roberts, Robert W " 3fiO
Roberts, William R .-^ 3(j0
Roberts, Anthony L ...'. .360
Bobertson. George 3B0
Robertson, Jolin ...* .3fi0
Robertson, Thomas Boiling 3fi0
Robertson, Thomas J .3(i0
Robertson, Will am H 360
Robertson, Windham 3fi0
Robeson. George M 3()0
Robius, John 360
Robinson, Charles 361
Robinson, Christopher 361
Robinson, Edward. 361
Robinson, James C 361
Robinson, James W 361
Robinson, John L Stil
Robinson, John M 3f>l
Robinson, John Staniford 361
Robinson, Jonathan 361
Robinson, J. F 361
Robinson, Milton F 361
Robinson, Moses 361
Robinson, Orville 361
Robinson, Thomas 361
Robinson, William E 361
Robinson, David F 361
Rochester, William B 361
Rockhill, William 361
Rockwell, Charles W 362
Roclcwell, John A 362
Rockwell, Julius 362
Rodman, William 362
Rodney, Caesar 362
Rodney, Caesar A 362
Rodney, Caleb 362
Rodney, Daniel 362
Rodney, George B 362
Rodney, Thomas 362
Ro.gers, Andrew J 362
R gers, Anthony A, C 362
Rogers, Charles 362
Roi,'ers, Daniel .362
Rogers, Edward 362
Rogers, H. G 363
Rosrers, James 3(i3
Rogers, John 363
Rogers, John 363
Rogers, Randolph 363
Rogers, Sion H 363
Rogers, Thomas J 363
Rollins, Edward A 363
Rollins, Edward H 363
RolliU"!, James Sidney 363
Roman , Andre Bien venu 363
Roman, J. Dixon 363
Roosevelt, James 1 363
Roose vel t, Robert B 363
Root, Erastus 364
Root, Jesse 364
Root, Joseph M 364
Root, Joseph P 364
Roots, Logan H 364
Rose, Robert L 364
Rose. Robert S 364
Rosecra ns, William Starke 364
Ross, David 364
Ross, Edmund G 364
Ross, George 364
Ross, Henry H 364
Ross, James 364
Ross, John 365
Ross, Lewis W 365
Ross, Miles 365
Ross, Sobieski 365
Ross, Thomas 365
Ross, Thomas R 365
Ross, William H 365
Rossell, William 365
Rost, Pierre A ,365
Rousseau, Lovell H 365
Rousseau. Richard H 365
Rowan, John 3f»5
Rowe, Peter 365
Rowland, David 365
Royce, Homer E 365
Royce, Stephen 366
Riiblee, Horace 366
Ruffin, Thomas .. 366
Rugirles, Benjamin 366
Ru'.'gles, Charles H 366
Ruggles, John 36H
Riig<rles, Nathaniel .366
Ruggles, Timothy 366
Rumsey, Benjamin 366
Rumsey, David. Jr 366
Rumsey, Edward 366
Runk, John 366
Runnels, Harrison R 36iS
Runnels, Hiram G 366
Runyon, Peter P 366
Rush, Benjamin 366
Rush, Richard 367
Rusk, Jeremiah M 367
Rusk, 'I'iiomas J 367
RusF, John 367
Russell, David 367
Riifsell, James M 367
Russell, Jeremiah .367
Russell, John .367
Russell, Jonathan .367
Russell, Joseph 367
Russell, Samuel L 367
Russell, Thomas 367
Russell, William 367
Russell, William F 367
Rust, Albert 367
Rutherford, Allan 368
Rutherford, John 368
Rutherford, John 368
Rutherford, Robert 368
Rutledge, Edward 368
Rutledge, John 368
Ryall, D. B 368
Ry erson, Martin 368
Sabin, Al vah 363
Sabine, Lorenzo 368
Sackett, William A 368
Saffold, Reuben 368
Sage, Ebenezer 368
Safe, Russell 368
Saill}', Peter 369
Saltonstall, Richard 369
Sammons, Thomas 369
Sample, Samuel C 369
Sampson, Ezekiel S 369
Sampson, Zabdiel 369
Samuel, Green B . 369
Sandtord, John 369
Sandford, Jonah 369
Sanford, Lewis H 369
Sandford, Thomas 369
Sandidge, John M 369
Sands, Benjamin P 369
Sands, Joshua 369
Sanford, David C 369
Sanford, Edward J 370
Sanford, Henry S 370
Sanford, James T 370
Sanford, Jonah 370
Sanford, Nathan 370
Sanford, Stephen 370
Sapp, William R 370
Sargeant, Nathaniel Peaslee 370
Sargent, Aaron A 370
Sargent, Nathan 370
Sargent, Winthrop 3T0
Saulsbury, Eli 370
Saulsbury, Gove 370
Saulsbury, Willard 370
Saunders, Alvin 371
Saunders, Romulus M 371
Savage, John 371
Savage, John H 371
Savage, John S 371
Sawtelle, Cullen 371
Sawyer, Frederick A 371
Sawyer, Lemuel 371
Sawyer, Lorenzo 371
Sawyer, Phiietus 371
Sawyer, S. T 371
Sawyer, William 372
Say, Beniamin 372
Sayler, Henry B 372
Sayier. Milton 372
Scales, Alfred M., Jr 372
Scammon, John F 372
Schell, Richard 372
Schenck, Abraham H 372
Schenck, Ferdinand S 372
Schenck, Robert C 372
Schermerhorn, Abraham M 372
Schleicher, Gustave 372
Schley, William 372
Schofield, John McAllister 372
Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe 373
Schoolcraft, John L 373
Schoonmaker, Cornelius C 373
Schoonmaker, Marius 373
Schroeder, Francis 373
Schumaker, John G 373
Schuneman, Martin G 373
Schureman, James 373
Schurz, Carl 373
Schuyler, Philip 374
Schuyler, Philip J 374
Schwarts, John 374
Scofield. Glenni W 374
Scott, Abraham M 374
Scott, Andrew 3T4
Scott, Charles 374
Scott, Charles L 374
Scott, Gustavus 374
Scott, Harvey D 374
Scott, James 374
Scott, John 374
Scott, John 374
Scott, John 374
Scott, John 374
Scott, John G 374
Scott, John Morin 375
Scott, Robert Kingston 375
Scott, Thomas 375
Scott, Thomas 375
Scott, Thomas A 375
672
GENERAL INDEX
Scott, Winfield 375
Sci'anton, George W 375
Scrigiis, William L 375
Scrugham, William W 375
Sciidder, Henry J 376
Scndder, Isaac W 37K
Scudder, John A 376
Scudder, Nathaniel 376
Scudder, Treadwell 376
Scudder, Zeno 376
Scurry, Richardson 376
Seabrook, Whitemarsh B 376
Seal, Roderick 376
Seaman, Henry J 376
Searing, John A 376
Searle, James 376
Seaton, William Winston 376
Seaver, Ebenezer 376
Sebair^tian, William K 376
Seddon, James A 376
Sedgwick, C. B 376
Sedgwick, Theodore 376
Seeiey, John E 377
Seely, Elias P 377
Selye, Julius H 377
Segar, Joseph E 377
Slebels, J. J 377
Selden, Dudley 377
Selden, Joseph 377
Selden, William 377
Sells, Elijah 377
Selye, Lewis 377
Semmes, Benedict J 377
Semple, James 377
Sener, James B 377
Seney, Joshua 377
Senter, Dewitt C 377
Senter, William T 377
Sergeant, John 377
Sergeant, Jonathan Dickinson 378
Sergeant. Thomas 378
Service, Francis G 378
Session, Walter L 378
Settle, Thomas 378
Settle. Thomas 378
Severance, Luther 378
Sevier, Ambrose H 378
Sevier, John 378
Sewall, Samuel 378
Seward, Geoige F 378
Seward, Frederick A 37!)
Seward, James L 379
Seward, William H 379
Seweil, David 379
Sewell, James 379
Seybert, Adam 379
Seymour, David L 379
Seymour, Horatio 379
Seymour, Horatio 379
Seymour, Origen S 379
Seymour, Thomas H 379
Seymour, William 379
Seys, John 379
Shadwick, William 379
Shafer, Jacob K 380
Shaltcr, Oscar C 380
Shaler, William 38()
Shankland, William H 380
Shaiiklin, George S 380
Shanks, John P. C 380
Shannon, George 380
Shannon, Peter C 380
Shannon, Thomas 380
Shannon, Thomas B 380
Shannon, Wilson 380
Sharkey, William L 380
Sharon, William 3S0
Sharp, Solomon P 380
Sharpe, Peter 380
Sharpe, William 380
Sharswood, George 381
Shaver, Leonidas 381
Shaw, Aaron 381
Shaw, Henry 381
Shaw, Henry M 381
Shaw, Samuel 381
Shaw, Trlstam 381
Sheaf e, James 381
Shealhey, James 381
Shearman, Sylvester G 381
Slieats, Charles Christopher 381
Sheffer, Daniel 381
Shettcy, Daniel 381
Sheffield, William P 382
Shelabarger, Samuel 382
Shelby, Isaac 382
Sheldon, Lionel A 382
Sheldon, Porter 382
Shepard, Charles B 382
Shepard, William B 382
Shepherd, Alexander R 382
Shepherd, William 383
Shepley, Ether 383
Sheplcy, George Foster 383
Sheplor, Matthias 383
Shepperd, Augustus H 383
Sherburne, John S 383
Sherburne, Moses 383
Sheredlue, Upton 383
Sherman, Charles R 383
Sherman, Charles T 383
Sherman, Henry 383
Sherman, John « 383
Sherman, J. W 383
Sherman, Roger 383
Sherman, Robert Minot 384
Sherman, Socrates N 384
Sherman, William Tecumseh 384
Sherrill, Eliakim 384
Sherrod, William C ... 384
Sherwood, Henry 384
Sherwood, Isaac R 384
Sherwood, Samuel 384
Sherwood, Samuel B 384
Shiel, George K 384
Shields, Benjamin G aS4
Shields, Ebenezer J 384
Shields, James 384
Shields, James 384
Shields, William Bayard 385
Shinn, William N 3?5
Shipherd, Zcbulon R 385
Shipman, Nathaniel 385
Shippen. Edward 385
Shippen, William 385
Shober, Francis E 385
Shoemaker, Lazarus D 385
Short, William 385
Shorter, Eli S 385
Shorter, John Gill 385
Shower, Jacob 385
Shulse, John Andrew 385
Shunk, Francis R 385
Sibley, Henry H 885
Sibley, Jonas 385
Sibley, Mark H 386
Siblev, Solomon 386
Sickles, Daniel E 386
Sickles, Nicholas 386
Siirreaves, Lorenzo 386
Sill, Thomas H 386
Silsbee, Nathaniel 886
Silvester, Peter 386
Silvester, Peter H 386
Simkins.Eldred 386
Simmons, George A 386
Simmons, James F 386
Simms, William E 386
Simons, Samuel 386
Simonton, William 386
Simpson, Josiah 386
Simpson, Richard F 386
Sims, Alexander D 387
Sims, Leonard n 387
Sinclair, Charles E 387
Singleton, Otho R 387
Singleton, Thomas D 387
Sinnickson, Clement H 387
Sinnickson, Thomas 387
Sinnickson, Thomas 387
Sitgreaves, Charles 287
Sitgreaves, John 387
Si tgreavcs, Samuel 387
Skelton, Charles 387
Skinner, John S 387
Skinner, Richard 387
Skinner, St. John B. L 387
Skinner, Thomson J., Jr 388
Slade, Charles 388
Slade, William aS8
Slater, James H 388
Slaughter, Gabriel 3S8
Slaymaker, Amos 388
Slemons, W. F 388
Slidell, John 388
Slingerland, John 1 388
Sloan, Andrew 388
Sloan, A. Scott 388
Sloan, Ithamar C 388
Sloan, James 388
Sloane, John 388
Sloane, Jonathan 389
Slocum, Henry W 389
Slocum, Jesse 389
Sloss, Joseph H 389
Slough, John P 389
Small, William B 389
Smalley, David A 389
Smalls, Robert 389
Smart, Ephraim K 389
Smart, James S 389
Smelt, Dennis 390
Smilie, John 390
Smith, Albert 390
Smith, Albert 390
Smith, Alcock C 390
Smith, Arthur 390
Smith, Ballard ..'. 390
Smith, Benjamin ; ...'.', 390
Smitii, Bernard 399
Smith, BoardmanH 390
Smith, Caleb B 390
Smith, Daniel... .*. . 390
Smith, Delazon, 390
Smith, Edward Henry 390
Smith, Edward P 390
Smith, Edwin B 391
Smith, Francis O.J 391
Smith, Frederick 391
Smith, George 391
Smith, George L 391
Smith, George William 391
Smith, Gerrit 391
Smith, Green Clay 391
Smith, Henry 391
Smith, Herr A 391
Smith, Isaac 391
Smitli, Isaac 391
Smith, Israel 391
Smith, James 391
Smith, James Milton 391
Smith, James S 391
Smith, James Y 391
Smith, Jedediah K 392
Smith, Jeremiah 392
Smith, John 392
Smith, John 392
Smith, John 392
Smith, John 392
Smith, John A 392
Smitti, John Ambler 392
Smith, John B 392
Smith, John Cotton 392
Smith, John Cotton 392
Smith, John Gregory 392
Smith, John Q, 392
Smith, John Speed 392
Smith, Oliver Hampton 393
Smith, John T 393
Smith, Jonathan B 393
Smith, Joseph L 393
Smith, Josephs 393
Smith, Josiah 393
Smith, Melancthon 393
Smith. Merriwether 393
Smith, Nathan '. .. 393
Smith, Nathaniel 393
Smith, Perry 393
Smith, Richard 393
Smith, Robert 393
Smith, Robert 393
Smith, Samuel .393
Smith, Samuel 394
Smith, Samuel ,394
Smith, Samuel A 394
Smith, Samuel A 394
Smith, Samuel Emmerson 394
Smith, Thomas 394
Smith, Thomas 394
Smith, Thomas .394
Smith, Thomas L 394
Smith, Truman 394
Smith, Walter H 394
Smith, William 394
Smith, William 394
Smith, William 394
Smith, William 394
Smith, William 394
Smith, William 395
Smith, William Alexander 395
Smith, William E 393
Smith, William H 395
Smith, William Loughton 395
Smith, William N. H 395
Smith, William R 395
Smith, William Stephens 395
Smith, Worthington C 895
Smith, W^ J 395
Smithers, Nathaniel B 395
Smyth, Alexander 396
Smyth, Frederick 396
Smyth, George W 896
Smyth, William 396
Snapp, H 396
Sneed, William H 396
Snodgrass, John Fryall 396
Snow, William W 396
Snow,Zerubbabel 396
Snowden, James Ross 396
Snyder, Adam W 396
Snyder, John 396
Snyder, Oliver P 396
Snyder, Simon 396
Sellers, Augustus R 396
Solomon, Edward 396
Somes, Daniel E 396
GENERAL INDEX,
673
Sonle, Nalhan 396
Soule, Pierre 396
Southard, Henry 397
Soiithiud, ls;iac 397
Sonthiinl, Milron 1 397
Southard, Samuel L 397
South-.nite, William W 397
Spaif^ht. Richard D 397
Spaio-iit, Richard D 397
Spalding', Riilus Paine 397
SpaldiMjT, 'riiomas 397
Spangier, David 397
Spanu ler, Jacob 39S
Sparks, William A. J 398
Spanldini?. Elbridge G 398
Speed. James 398
Speed, Thoma? 398
Speer, Roi^ert Milton 398
Speight, Jesse 398
Spence, Carroll 398
Spcnce, John S 398
Spence, Thomas A 398
Spencer. Ambrose 398
Spencer, Elijah 398
Spencer, George E 398
Spencer, Jamee B 398
Spencer, John C 398
Spencer, Joseph 399
Spencer, Richard 399
Spink. S. L 399
Spinner, Francis E 399
Spoflord, Ainsworth Rand 399
Spra;,'ue, William 399
Spragiie, Peleg 399
Spragiie. Peleg 399
Sprague, V/illiam 400
Sprague, William 400
Sprague. William P 400
Sprigg, James C 400
Spri-g, Michael C... 400
Sprigg, Richard 400
Spri-g, Samuel 400
Sprigg, Thomas 400
Spri-g. William 400
Sprii*ger, William M 400
Sprunic, Presley 400
Squier, Ephraim George 400
Stall worth. James A 400
Stanard, Edwin 0 400
Stanard. Robert 401
Stanbeiy, Henry , 401
Stanbcrry. William 401
St^ndeford, Elisha D 401
Standifer, James 401
Staulord. Iceland 401
Stanford, Richard 401
Stanley, Edward 401
Stanley, John 401
Stansbury, Howard 401
Stanton, Benjamin ,401
Stanton, Edwin M 401
Stanton, Frederick P 402
Stanton, Joseph 402
Stanton, Richard H 402
Staples. William Read 402
Stark, Benj imin 402
Starkweather, David A 402
Starkweather, George A 402
Starkweather, Henry H 402
Starr. John F .402
St. Clair, Arthur 402
Steadman, J. H 403
Stearns, Asahel 403
Stehbins, Henry G 4!i3
Stedman, William '. 403
Steele. John 403
Steele, John B 403
Steele, John H 403
Steele, John N 403
Steele, William G 40^
Steele. William R 4(13
Steenrod, Lewis 403
Stenger, William S 403
Stephen, John 401
Stephens, Abraham P 404
Stephens, Alexander H 404
Stephens, John Lloyd 404
Stephens, Philander 404
Stephens. William 404
Stephenson, Benjamin 404
Stephenson, James 404
Stephenson. James S 404
Stephene'Mi, John G 404
Steptoe, Edward Jenner 404
Sterigere. John B 404
Sterling. Ansel 404
Sterling, Micah 404
Sterrett, Samuel 404
Stetson, Charles 404
Stetsim, Lemuel 405
Stevens. Aaron F 4U5
Stevens, Bradford N 405
Stevens, Hestor L 405
Stevens, Hiram S 405
Stevens, Isaac 1 405
Stevens, James 405
Stevens, John L 405
Stevens. Snmuel 405
Stevens, Thaddeus 405
Stevenson, Andrew 405
Sievenson, A. E 405
Stevenson, Job E 406
Stevenson, John W . 406
Stevenson, William E 400
Stewiirt, Alexander 406
Stewart, Alexander T 406
Stewart, Andrew 406
Stewait, Archibald 406
Stewart, David 406
Stewart, James 406
Stewart, James A , 406
Stewart, John 406
Stewart, John 406
Stewart. John W 406
Stewart, Robert M 406
Stewart, Thomas E 406
Stcvvai t, William 406
Stewart, William M 407
Stiles, George P 407
Stiles, John D 4o7
Stiles, William H 407
Stilwell, Thomas L 407
St. John, Charles 407
St. John, Daniel B 407
St. John. Henry 407
St. Martin, Louis 407
Stockton, John P 407
Siockton, Richard 407
Stockton, Richard 407
Stockton, Robert Fiekl 408
Stockton, Thomas 408
Stoddard, Ebenezer 4(8
Stoddart, John T. 408
Stoddert, Benjamin 408
Stokely, Samuel 408
Stokes, John 408
Stokes, Montford 408
Stokes, William B 40S
Stone, Alexander W 408
Stone, Alfred P 408
Stone, David 4('8
Stone, Frederick 408
Stone, Horatio 409
Stone, James 409
Stone, James W 409
Stone, John Haskins 409
Stone, Michael 409
Stone, Thomas 409
Stone. William 409
Stone, William H , 409
Stone, William M 409
Storer, Bellamy 409
Storer. Clement 401)
Storm. John B 409
Stoirs, Henry R 409
Storrs, William L 4()9
Story, Joseph 4o9
Story, W illiam 410
Stonghton, William L 410
Stout, Jacob 4J0
Stout, Lansing.. 410
Stover. John H 410
Stow, Silas 410
Stowell, William H. H 410
Slower. Joii i G 410
Strader, Otlo 410
Strader. P. W 410
Strait, Horace B 410
Stranahan, J. S. T 410
Strange, Robert 410
Stralton, Charles C 410
Stratton, John 410
Stratton, John L. N 410
Stratton, Nathan T 411
Straub. Christian M. 411
Strawbridge, Janice D 411
Street, Randall S 411
Streeter, F. B 411
Strickland, O. F.... 411
Strickland, Randolph , 411
Strohm, John 411
Strong, Caleb 411
Strong, James 411
Strong, Jedediah 411
S'.rong, Julius L 411
Strong, Sclah B 411
Strong, Simeon 411
^t^ong, Solomon 411
Strong, Stephen 411
Strong, Theron R 411
Strong, William 412
Strong, William 412
Strong. William 412
Strother, George F 412
Strotber, James F 412
Stroud. George McDowell 412
Strouse, Myer 41^
Striidwick, William E 412
Stnait, Alexander 412
Stuart, Alexander H. H 412
Stuart, Andrew 412
Stuart, Archibald 413
Stuart, Charles E, 412
Stnart, David 412
Stuart, John T 412
Stuart. Philip 412
Sturgeon, Daniel 412
Sturges, John 413
Sttirgis, Jonathan 413
Sturgis, Lewis Burr 413
Sullivan, George 413
Sullivan, James 413
Sullivan, John 413
Sullivan. Peter J 413
Summers, George W 413
Sumner, Charles 413
Sumner, Increase 413
Sumter, Thomas 414
Sutnter, Thomas D 414
Sutherland. Jabez G 414
Stitherland, Joel B 414
Sutherland, Josiah 414
Swain, David Lowry , 414
Swan, John 414
Swan. Samuel 414
Swann, Thomas 414
SwanWick, John 414
Swart, Peter 414
Swayne, Noah fl 414
Swearingen, Henry 414
Swearingen, Thomas V., 414
Sweat. Lorenzo D. M. , 4M
Sweeney, W. N 415
Sweeney, George .., 415
Swe^tser, Charles 415
Swift, Benjamin 415
Swift, Zei)haniah , 415
SwinL', Philip B 415
Switzler, William Franklin 415
Swoc'pe, Jacob ... 415
Swoope, Samivel F 415
Sykes, George ., 415
Sykes, James. 415
Symmes, J' hn Cleves , -415
Sypher, J. Hale 415
Taber, Stephen 415
Taber. Thomas 415
Tabert, Alfred T, A 415
Tabor, Stephen J. W 415
Taffe. John 416
Taggart, Samuel 416
Tait, Charles , 416
Talbot, Tsham 416
TaHiot, Matthew 416
Talbot, Silas 416
Talbot, Thomas H 416
Talbott, Albert G 416
Taliaferro, Benjamin 416
Taliaferro, John 416
Tallmadge, Benjamin 416
Tallmadge, Fretferick A 41(»
Tallmadge, James, Jr 416
Tallmadge, Mathias B 416
Tallmadge. Nathaniel P 417
Tallman, Pcleg 417
Taney, Roger B 417
Tanner, A. H 417
Tappan, Benjamin 417
Tnppan, Mason W 417
Tarbox, John Kemble 417
Tarr, Christian 417
Tasistro, Louis Fitzgerald ,... 417
Tate. Magnus .'. 417
Tate, Thomas M 417
Tatnall, Edward F 417
Ta'nall, Josiah 417
Tatum, Absalom 418
Taul, Micah 418
Taunehill. Adamson 418
'I'ayler, John 418
Tayler, Robert Walker 418
Taylor, Alexander Wilson 418
Taylor, Asher 418
Taylor, Caleb N 418
Taylor, George 418
Taylor, Georire 418
Taylor, George K 418
Taylor, John 418
Taylor, John 418
Taylor, John J 418
Taylor, John Louis 418
Taylor, John L 418
Taylor, John W... 419
Taylor, Jtmathan 419
Taylor, Miles 419
Taylor, Nathaniel G 419
674
GENERAL INDEX.
Taylor, Nelson 419
Taylor, Robert 419
Taylor, Walter 419
Taylor, William 419
Taylor, William 419
Taylor, William 419
Taylor, William B 419
Taylor, William R 419
Taylor, Zachary 419
Tazewell, Henry 419
Tazewell, Littleton W 420
Teese, Frederick H 420
Telfair, Edward 420
Telfair, Thomas 420
Teller, Isaac 420
Temple, William 420
Ten Eyck, Anthony 420
Ten Eyck, Egbert 420
Ten Eyck, John C 420
Tenney, Samuel 420
Terrill, William 420
Terry, Nathaniel 420
Terry, Seth 420
Terry, William 421
Test. John , 421
Thacher, George 421
Thacher, J. M 421
Thacher, Samuel 421
Thayer, Eli 421
Thayer, John M 421
Thayer, M. Russell 421
Thayer, William S 421
Theaker, Thomas C 421
Thibodeaux, B. G 421
Thibodeaux, H. S 421
Thomas , Benjamin S 421
Thomas, Charles R 422
Thomas, Christopher Y 422
Thomas, David 422
Thomas, D. B 422
Thomas. Edward A 422
Thomas, Francis 422
Thomas, Isaac 422
Thomas, James 422
Thomas, James Houston 422
Thomas, Jesse B 422
Thomas, John A 422
Thomas, John C 422
Thomas, John L., Jr 422
Thomas, Lorenzo 422
Thomas, Philemon 423
Thomas, Philip Francis 423
Tiiomas, Richard .. 423
Thomasson, William P 423
Thompson, Benjamin 423
Thompson, Charles P 423
Thompson, George W 423
Thompson, Hedge 423
Thompson, Jacob 423
Thompson, James 423
Thompson, James 423
Thompson, Joel 423
Thompson, John 423
Thompson, John 423
Thompson, John. . . 424
Thompson, John B 424
Thompson, Lucas P 424
Thompson, Mark 424
Thompson, Oswald 424
Thompson, Philip 424
Thompson, Philip R 424
Thompson, Richard W 424
Thompson, Robert A 424
Thompison, Smith 424
Thompson, Thomas W 424
Thompson, Waddy 424
Thompson, Wiley 424
Thompson, William 424
Thomson, Alexander 424
Thomson, Charles 424
Thomson, John 425
Thennson, John R 425
Thoriiigton, James 425
Thornbnrgb, Jacob M . 425
Thornton, Anthony 425
Thornton, James B 425
Thornton, Matthew 425
Thornton, William 425
Thorp, William 425
Throckmorton, J. W 425
Throop, Enos T 425
Tliruston, Buckner 426
Thurman, Allen G 425
Thurman, John R 426
Thurston, Benjamin B 426
Thurston, Samuel R 426
Tibbatts, John W 426
Tibbetts, George 426
Tichenor, Isa^c 426
Tiffin. Edward 426
Tift. Nelson 426
Tilden, Daniel B 426
Tilden, Samuel J 426
Tilghman, Edward , 426
Tilghman, Matthew 426
Tilghman, Tench 426
Tilghman, William 426
Tillinghast, Joseph L 426
Tillinghast, Thomas 427
Tillman, Lewis 427
Tilton, Daniel 427
Tilton, James 427
Tipton, John 427
Tipton, Thomas W 427
Titcomb, Jonathan 427
Titus, John 427
Titus. Obadiah 427
Tod, David 427
Tod, George \ 427
Tod, John 427
Todd, Charles S 427
Todd, John 427
Todd, JohnB. S 427
Todd, Lemuel 428
Todd, Thomas 428
Toland, George W 428
Tomlinson, Gideon 428
Tomlinson, Thomas A 428
Tompkins, Caleb 428
Tompkins, Christopher ,.. 428
Tompkins, Cydnor B 428
Tompkins, Daniel D 428
Tompkins, George 428
Tompkins, Patrick W 428
Toombp, Robert 428
Toomer, John D 428
Toucey, Isaac 428
Toulmin, Harry 429
Towles, Thomas 429
Towns, George W 429
Townsend, Dwight 429
Townsend, George 429
Townsend, James 429
Townsend, Martin 1 429
Townsend, N. S 429
Townsend, Washington 429
Tracy, Albert H 429
Tracy, Andrew 429
Tracy, H. W 429
Tracy, Phineas L 429
Tracy, Uii 429
Tracy, Uriah 429
Trafton, Mark 430
Train, Charles R 430
Trapier, Paul 430
Treadwell, John 430
Treat, Samuel 430
Treat. Samuel H 430
Tredway, William M 430
Tredwell, Thomas 430
Tremain, Lyman 430
Tiescott, William H 430
Trezvant, James 430
Trigs, Abram 430
Trigg, Connally F 430
Trijig, John 430
Trimble, Allen 430
Trimble, Cary A 431
Trimble, David 431
Trimble, John 431
Trimble, John Harrison 431
Trimble, Lawrence S 431
Trimble, Robert.. 431
Trimble, William 431
Trimble, William A 431
Triplett, Philip 431
Tripp, Robert P 431
Trotter, P. James 431
Troup, George M 431
Troup, Robert 4cl
Trousdale, William 431
Trout, Michael C 432
Trowbridge, Rowland E 432
Truelt, George 432
Trumbo, Andrew 432
Trumbull, John 432
Trumbull, John 432
Trumbull, Jonathan 432
Trumbull, Jonathan 432
Trumbull, Joseph 432
Trumbull, Joseph 432
Trumbull, Lyman 432
Tuck. Amos 483
Tucker, Beverly 433
Tucker, Ebenezer 433
Tucker, George 433
Tucker, Henry St. George 433
Tucker, John 433
Tucker, J. R 433
Tucker, Starling 433
Tucker, St George ' 433
Tucker, Thomas Tudor 433
Tucker, Tilghman M . . . . ^ 433
Tuckei-man, Charles T 433
Tudor, William 433
Tudor, William 433
Tufts, John Quincy 434
Turner, Benjamin Steeling 434
Turner, Charles 434
Turner, Daniel 434
Turner, George 434
Turner, James 434
Turner, Jamea 434
Turner, Josiah 434
Turner, J. Milton 434
Turner, Thomas 434
Turner, Thomas G 434
Turner, Thomas J 434
Turner, Turner 434
Turner, William F 434
Turney, Hopkins L 434
Turney, Jacob 435
Turpie, D 435
Turpin, Edwin A 435
Turrell, Joel 435
Tuthill, Joseph H 435
Tuthill. Selah 435
Tweed, Charles A 435
Tweed, William M 435
Tweedy, John H 435
Tweedy, Samuel 435
Twitchell.Elmira Ginery 435
Tyler, Asher 435
Tyler,John 435
Tyler, John 435
Tyler, Royall 435
Tyner, James N 436
Tyson, Jacob 436
Tyson, Job R 436
Tyson, J. W 436
Udree. Daniel 436
Underbill, Walter 436
Underwood, John C 436
Underwood, John W. H 436
Underwood. Joseph R 436
Underwood, Warner L 436
Upham, Charles W 436
Upham, George B 437
Upham, Jabez 437
Upham, Nathaniel 437
Upham, Nathaniel Lookin 437
Upham, William 437
Upshur, Abel Parker 437
Upson, Charles 437
Upson, William H 437
Usher. John P 437
Vail, Aaron .' 437
Vail, George 437
Vail, Henry '. . 437
Valk, William W 437
Vallandingham, Clement L 437
Van Aernam, Henry 438
Van Allen, James Q, 438
Van Allen, John E 438
Van Allen, John T 438
Van Auken, Dennis M 438.
Van Buren, John 438
Van Buren, Martin 438
Vance, John L 438
Vance, Joseph 438
Vance, Robert Brank 438
Vance, Robert B 438
Vance, Zebnlon B 438
Van. Cortlandt, Philip 439
Van Cortlandt, Pierce, Jr 439
Vanderburg, John C 439
Vanderhorst, Arnoldus 439
Vanderlyn, John 439
Vanderpool, Aaron 439
Vanderveer. Abraham 439
Vandever, William 439
Van Dyke, John 439
Van Dyke, Nicholas 439
Van Dyke, Nicholas 439
Van Gaasbeck, Peter 439
Van Horn, Burt 439
Van Horn, Robert T 439
Van Home, Archibald 439
Van Home, Espy 439
Van Home, Isaac 439
Van Houten, Isaac B 439
Van Metre, John J 439
Van Ness, Cornelius Peter 439
Van Ness, John P 440
Van Ness, William P 440
Van Ness, William W 440
Van Rensselaer, Henry 440
Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah 440
Van Rensselaer, Killian K 440
Van Rensselaer, Solomon 440
Van Rensselaer, Stephen 440
Vansant, Joshua 440
Van Trump, Philadelph 440
Van Valkenburgh, Robert B 440
Van Voorhes, Nelson H 440
Van Winkle, Peter G 441
GENERAL INDEX
675
Van Wyck, Charles H 441
Van Wyck, William W 441
Varnum, James Mitchell 441
Varnnm, John 441
Varnum, Joseph Bradley 441
Vaughan, William W 441
Vaiix, Robert? 441
Veazey, Thomas W 441
Venable, Abraham B 441
Venable, Abraham W 441
Venable, William E 441
Verplanck, Daniel C 441
Verplanck, Gulian C. 441
Verree, John P 442
Vibbard, Chauncy 442
Vickers?, George 442
Videl, Michel....... 442
Villere, Jaquez 442
Vining, John 442
Vinton, Samuel F 442
Voorheee, Daniel W 442
Vose, Henry 442
Vose, Roger 442
Vroom, Peter D 442
Waddell, AlfredMoore 443
Wade, Benjamin P 443
Wade, Decius S 443
Wade, Edward 443
Wadieigh, Bainbridge 443
Wadsworth, James 443
Wads^worth, Jeremiah 443
Wadsworth, Peleg 443
Wadsworth, William H 443
Wagener, David D 443
Waggamann, George A 443
Wagner. Peter J 443
Waite, Charles B 443
Waite, Henry Matson 443
Waite, Morrison R 444
Wakely, Ebenezer 444
Wakeman, Abraham 444
WalDridge, David S 444
Walbridge, Henry S 444
Walbridge, Hiram 444
Walcott, C. F 444
Walden, Hiram 444
Walden, Madison M 444
Waldo, H. L 444
Waldo, Lorin P 444
Waldron, Henry 444
Wales, George E . . 444
Wales, John 444
Walker, Amasa 444
Walker, Benjamin 445
Walker, Charles M 445
Walker, C. C. B 445
Walker, David 445
Walker, David S 445
Walker, Felix 445
Walker, Francis 445
Walker, Francis Amasa 4-15
Walker, Freeman 445
Walker, George 445
Walker, Gilbert C 445
Walker, Henderson 445
Walker, Isaac P 445
Walker, James 445
Walker, John 445
Wal ker, John H 445
Walker, John W 445
Walker, Jos^eph 445
Walker, Percy 445
Walker, Robert J 446
Walker, 'J'imothy 44(»
Walker, William A 446
Wall, Garret D 446
Wall, James W 446
Wall, William 446
Wallace, Alexander S 446
Wallace, Daniel 446
Wallace, David 446
Wallace, .James M 446
Wallace, John William 446
Wallace, John W 447
Wallace, William A 447
Wallace, William H 447
Wallace, William J 447
Walley, Samuel H 447
Walling, Ansel T 447
Walls, Josiah T 447
Wain, Rot)ert ' 447
Walsh, Mike 447
Walsh, M. Robert 447
Walsh, Thomas Y 447
Walsh, William 447
Walter, Thomas U 447
Wall on, Charles W 448
Walton, E, P 448
Walton, Geortre 448
Walton, Matthew 448
Walworth. Reuben Hyde 44S
Ward, Aaron 446
Ward, Artemas 448
Ward, Artemas 443
Ward, A. H 448
Ward, Elijah 448
Ward, Hamilton 449
Ward, Henry 449
Ward, Jasper D 449
Ward, John E 449
Ward, Jonathan 449
Ward, Maixus L 449
Ward, Matthias 449
Ward, Samuel 449
Ward, Thomas 449
Ward, William T 449
Warden, Daniel 449
Ware, Ashur 449
Ware, Nicholas 449
Warfield, Henry R 449
Warmouth, Henry C 449
Warner, Hiram 449
Warner, Samuel L 450
Warner, Willard 450
Warren, Oornelius 450
Warren, Edward A 450
Warren, Fitz Henry 450
Warren, Joseph M 450
Warren, Lott 450
Warren, W. L. F 450
Warren, W. W 450
Washburn, Cadwalader C 450
Washbnrn, Charles A 450
Washburn, Emory 450
Washburn, Henry D 451
Washburn, Israel, Jr 451
Washburn, Peter Thacher 451
Washburn, William B 451
Washburne,Ellihu B 451
Washington, Dushrod 451
Washington, George 451
Washington, George C 452
Washington, Peter G 452
Washington, William H 452
Watkins, Albert G 452
Walkins, Tobias 452
Watmough, John G 452
Watrous, John C. 452
Watson, Cooper K 452
Watson, James 452
Watson, P. H 452
Watterson, Harvey M 452
Watterston, George 452
Watts. Beaufort T 452
Wan s, Frederick. 452
Watts, Henry M 453
Watts, John 453
Watts, John S 453
Watts, Thomas H 453
Wayne, Anthony 453
W^ayne, Isaac 453
Wayne, James M 453
Wi-akley, Robert 453
Webb, James 453
Webb, James Watson 453
Webster, Daniel 454
Webster, Edwin H 454
Webster, Taylor 454
Weeks, John W 454
Weeks, Joseph 454
Weems, John C 454
Weightman, Richard Hanson 454
Weightman, Roger C 454
Weir, Robert Walter 455
Welch, Adonija S 455
Welch, John 455
Welch, William H 4.55
Welch, William W 455
Welker. Martin 455
Wellborn, M. J 455
Weller, John B 455
Welles, Gideon 455
Wells, Alexander 455
Wells, Alfred 455
Wells, Datjiel, Jr 455
Wells, David A 455
Wells, Ebenezer T 456
Wells, Erastus 456
Wells, Guilford Wiley 456
Wells, Henry H 456
Wells, Hezekiah G 456
Wells. H. H 4.56
Wells, James M 456
Wells, John 456
Wells, John S 456
Wells, Robert W 456
Wells, Samuel 456
Wells, William H 456
Wendell. Cornelius 456
Wendover, Peter H 456
Wentwortli, John 4.56
Wentworth, John, Jr 457
Wentworrh, Tappan 457
West, J. R.. 457
Westbrook, John 457
Weslbrook, Theodoric R 457
Westcott, James D 457
Westerlo, Rensselaer 457
Weston, James A 457
Weston, James A 457
Wethered, John 457
Whaley, Kellian V 457
Whallon, Reuben 457
Wharton, Jesse 457
Wharton, Samuel 458
Wheaton, Henry 458
Wheaton, Horace 458
Wheaton, Laban 458
Wheeler, Ezra 458
Wheeler, Grattan H 458
Wheeler, John 458
Wheeler, John H 458
Wheeler, William A 458
Whidden, Benjamin F 458
Whipple, Charles W 458
Whipple, Thomas 458
Whipple, William 458
Whitcomb, James 458
White, Addis on 459
White, Alberts 459
White, Alexander 459
White, Alexander 459
White, Allison 459
White, Bartow W 459
White, Benjamin 459
White, Campbell P 459
White, Chilton A 459
White, David 459
White, Edward D 459
White, Fortune C 459
White, Frkncis 459
White, Hugh 459
Whi te, Hugh Lawson 459
White, James 460
White, James W 460
White, John 460
White, Joseph L 460
White, Joseph M 460
White, Joseph W 460
White, Julius 460
White, Leonard 460
White, Phillips 460
White, Philo 460
White, Phincas 460
While, Samuel 460
White, Thomas 460
Whitefield, James 460
Whitehead, Ira C 460
Whitehead, Thomas 460
Whitehill, James 4f;0
Whitehill, John 460
Whitehill, Robert 461
Whitehouse, John O 461
Whiteley, Richard Henry 461
Whiteley, William G 461
Whiteside, Jenkins 461
Whiteside, John 461
Whitefield, J. W 461
Whitfield, James 461
Whiting, George C 461
Whiting, Richard H 461
Whitman, Ezekiel 461
Whitman, Lemuel 461
Whitmore, Georire W 461
Whitney, Thomas R 461
Whitson, W. C 461
Whittaker, John 461
Whittemore, Benjamin F 461
Whittemore, Elias 462
Whitthorne, Washington C 462
Whittlesey, Elisha 462
Whittlesey, Frederick 472
Whittlesey, Thomas T 462
Whittlesey. William A 462
Whyte, William Pinkney 462
Wick, William W 462
Wickes. Eliphalet. 462
Wicklifte, Charles A 462
Wickliffe, Robert, Jr 462
WicklitFe, Robert C 462
Widgery, William 462
Wijfall, Louis T 462
Wigginton, P. D 463
Wike, Scott 463
Wilber, David 463
Wilbur, Isaac 463
Wilcox, Jeduthun 463
Wilcox, John A 463
Wi'.cox. Leonard 463
Wilde, Richard Henry 463
Wilde. Samuel Sumner 463
Wilder, A . Carter 463
Wildman, Zalmon 463
Wildrick, Isaac 463
Wilev, James S 46'i
Wilkes, Charles 46b
676
GENEEAL INDEX
Wilkin, James W 464
Wilkin, Samuel J 4H4
Wilkins, Ross 4«4
Wilkins, William 464
Wilkinson, James 464
Wilkinson, Morton S .. . 4ii4
Wiilanl, Ashbel P 464
Willard, Charles W 464
Willard, George 4H4
Willard, John 464
Willard. John D 464
Willej', Calvin 464
Willey, Waitman T 465
Williams, Alpheus S 465
Williams, Andrew 465
Williams, Archibald 465
Williams. Benjamin 465
Williams, Charles G 465
Williams, Charles Kllbowrne 4^i5
Williams, Christopher H 465
Williams, David R 4f;5.
Williams, George H 465
Williams, Henry 465
Williams, Hezekiah 466
Williams, JsJiac, Jr 466
Williams, James 466
Williams, James D 466
Williams, James W 466
Williams, Jared 466
Williams, Jared W 466
Williams, Jeremiah. N 466
Williams, John 466
Williams, Joha 466
Williams, John 466
Williams, John 466^
Williams, Jolin 466
Williams, John M. S 466
Williams, Joiiathaii ^ 466
Williams, Joseph 467
Williams, Joseph H 467
Williams, Joseph L 4h7
Williams, Joseph L 467
Williams, Lemuel 467
Williams, Lewis 467
Williams, Marmadiike 467
Williams, Nathan 467
Williams, Reiiel 467
Williams, Robert 467
Williams, Samuel Wells 467
Williams, Sherrod 467
Williams, 'I'homaa 467
Williams, Thomas Hill 467
Williams-, Thomas H 467
Williams, Thomas Scott ^ 467
Williams, Thomas W 468
Williams, William 468
Williams, William , 468
Williams, William , 4<i8
Williams, William B 468
Williamson, George 468
Williamson, Hi>gh 468
Williamson, Isaac B 468
Williamson, John Ct. A 468
Williamson, William D...: 46S
Willie, AsaH 46!)
Willing. Thomas 469
Willis, Benjamin A... 469
Willis, Francis 469
WiIloptf)n, Lorenzo P 4h9
Willoughbv, Westel, Jr 469
Wilmot, David 469
Wilshire, William W 469
Wilson. Alexander 4(i9
Wilson, Benjamin 469
Wilson, Edgar C 469
Wilson. Ephraim K 469
Wilsan, EngeueM 4H9
Wilson, E.K 469
Wilson, Henry 469
Wilson, Henry. 469
Wilson, Hiram V 4~tQ
Wilson, Isaac .• 470
Wilson, James — 470
Wilson, James 470
Wilson, James 470
Wilson, James 470
Wilson, James 470
Wilson, James 470
Wilson, James F 470
Wilson, James J 471
Wilson, Jeremiah M 471
WilifOn, John 471
Wilson John 471
Wilson, John 471
Wilson, JohnL 4T1
Wilson, Jolm T 471
Wilson, Joseph S 471
Wilson, Nathan 471
Wilson, Robert 471
Wilson, Stephen F 471
Wilson, Thomas 471
Wilson, Thomas 471
Wil-on, Thomas S 471
Wilson, William 471
Wil.-oii, William 471
Winan&, James January 471
Winchester, Boyd 471
Winchester, James — 472
Winder, Levin. 472
Winder, William 472
Windom, William 472
Winfield. Charles H 472
Wing, Austin E 472
WinL', E. Rumsey 472
Wii'gate, Joseph F 472.
Wingate, Paine 472
Winlock,, Jt)stph 472
Winslow, Warren 4'i2
Winston, John A ^ 473
Winston^ Joseph 473
Winter. Elisha J . 473
Winthrop, Robert C 473
Wirt, William 413
Wise, Henry A 473
Wise, Tully R 473
Wisner, Henry 473
Wisner, Moses 473
Witchcr. John S 473
Witherell, James 473
Withers, Robert E 473
Withers, T. I 474
Witherspoon, John 474
Withcrspoon, Robert — 474
WMthey. Solomon L 474
Wi I te, Wil liam H 474
Wolcott, Oliver 414
Wolf, George 4'4
Wolf, William P 474
Wolfe. Simeon K 474
Wood, Abiel 474
Wood, Alan 474
Wood. Amos E 475
Wood, Benjamin 475
Wood, Bradford R 475
Wood, Fernando... 475
Wood, George T 475
Wood, .lamea 475
Wood. John 4"5
Wood, John J 475
Wood. John M 475
Wood, Joseph 475
Wood, Reuben 475
Wood. Silas 475
Wood, William S 475
Woodbridge, Frederick E 475
Woodbridge. William 475
Woodbnrn, William. 476
Woodbury, Levi 476
Woodcock, David 476
Woodruflf, George C 476
Woodruff, John' 476
Woodruff, Lewis B 476
Woodrufl', Thomas M 476
Woods. Andrew Salter 47H
Woods, George L. 476
Woods, Henry 476
Woods, .1 ohn 47(}
Woods, John 476
Woods. John 470
Woods, W. B 476
Woods, William 476
Woodside, Jonathan F 47(i
Woodson, Samuel H 477
Woodson, Samuel H 477
Wood- on, Silas 477
Woodward, Augustus B 477
Wood ward , George W 477
Woodward, Joseph A 477
Woodward', William 477
Woodworth, James H 477
Woodworth, John 477
Woodworih, Laurin D 477
Woodworth, W'illiam W 477
■Worcester, Samuel T 477
Word, Thomas J 477
Wormnn, Lndvvig, 4~7
Wortendyke, Jacob R 477
Worth, Jonathan 477
Worthington, H. G 477
Wortliiugton, John T. H 478
Worthington, Thoma;* 478
Worthington, Thomas C 478
Wright, Augustus B 478
Wril:ht. Daniel B 478
WriLcht, Edwin R. V 478
Wright, George C 478
Wright, George H 478
Wri-ht, Htndrick B 478
Wright, John C 478
Wright, John V 378
Wright, Joseph A '. 478
Wright, Joshua G 47S
Wright, Robert 479
Wriuht, Samuel G 479
Wright, Silas 479
Wriirht, Turbett 479
Wright, William 479
Wullweber. Christian 479
Wiirfz, John 479
Wyche, James K . 479
Wylie, Andrew 479
W'vncoop, Henry '. , . 479
Wynn. Richard 479
Wvnn, Thomas 479
Wylhe, George 479
Yancey, Benjamin C 480
Yancey, William L 480
Yaucy, Barllett 480
Yancy, Joel 480
Yarnall, Mordecai 480
Yates, Abraham, Jr 480
Yates, Jesse J 480
Y'ates, John B 4S0
Yates, Joseph 0 480
Yates, Richard 480
Yates, Robert 480
Yates, Peter W 480
teaman, George H 480
Yeates, Jasper 480
Yell, Arclnt)ald 480
Y'orke, Thomas J 481
Yost, Jacob S 481
Y''onng, Augustus 481
Young. Brigham 481
Y'oiing, Bryan R 481
YouuLS Casey 481
Young, Ebenezer 481
Young, John 481
Young, John D 481
Y^oung, P. M. B 481
Y^oung. Richard M 481
Y'oung, Timothy R 481
Young, William S 481
Yulen, David L 481
Zevely. Alexander N 482
Zollicoffcr, Felix K 482
Zubly, John Joachim 482
>^'
ct.
-^I.Ij^0'^,09H,OJ3HZ'
:v^(
J*'*^!*-*^^
:pli!
.r^
m
m^^
^r
''<f .t'-(C
V /;vL^;
^Ji-^j:^ %.■!
^^,^
fe
^c^cx
^4, // /
Nk. \. V
^N>4
.m:
VW\j'
.^•^o^
•J ;0 O
■^.o^-kJr^
,^x}^\j
/Ic
^^:
..^:r^C
^. ^J=^
■^ « v>
'^^A^-
■\*;
■#^'- (I
/^/■....j'^/.'^i
ec
<a^
^;<'f
-,>i^s',,-^ ^,
-Q'i^iyij^'
^m
WV,
5^^^
:-^« -iii
^^
S^
>, M
^:/>^^^i^
'. c^
f.r^,
'"J^
•^?f:^-^
'■"■^
T
■*^-
W/^/'-'
f*-^
-*>X~"
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11